OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1903 Northwestern Purple football team

The 1903 Northwestern Purple team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University as a member of the Western Conference (now commonly known as the Big Ten Conference) during the 1903 college football season. In their first season under head coach Walter McCornack, the Wildcats compiled a 10–1–3 record (1–0–2 in conference games), shut out eight opponents, outscored all opponents by a total of 229 to 67, and tied for the conference championship. They were undefeated in the first eleven games, finally losing in the final game of the season to the team from the Carlisle Indian Industrial School.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 19 | | North Division High School | Evanston, IL | W 22–5 | |
| September 22 | | Fort Sheridan | Evanston, IL | W 28–0 | |
| September 23 | | Englewood High School | Evanston, IL | W 35–0 | |
| September 26 | | Northwestern College | Sheppard FieldEvanston, IL | W 22–6 | |
| September 30 | | Northwestern alumni | Evanston, IL | W 5–0 | |
| October 3 | | Lombard | Evanston, IL | W 23–0 | |
| October 7 | | Chicago Dental | Evanston, IL | W 18–11 | |
| October 10 | | at Washington University | League ParkSt. Louis, MO | W 23–0 | |
| October 17 | | at Chicago | Marshall FieldChicago, IL | T 0–0 | |
| October 24 | 2:30 p.m. | at Cincinnati | Burnet WoodsCincinnati, OH | W 35–0 | |
| October 31 | | at Illinois | Illinois FieldChampaign, IL | W 12–11 | |
| November 14 | | vs. Notre Dame | South Side ParkChicago, IL (rivalry) | T 0–0 | |
| November 21 | 2:13 p.m. | vs. Wisconsin | South Side ParkChicago, IL | T 6–6 | 10,000 |
| November 26 | | vs. Carlisle | South Side ParkChicago, IL | L 0–28 | 3,000 |
# Chun Wang

Chun Wang (Chinese: 王纯; pinyin: Wáng Chún) is a Chinese-born Maltese cryptocurrency investor and entrepreneur.

## Biography

Wang was born in Tianjin, China. He later moved to Thailand in 2015, then to South Korea. Since 2023 a citizen of Malta and Saint Kitts and Nevis

## Bitcoin mining

In 2013, Wang co-founded F2Pool, one of the first Bitcoin mining pools in China and one of the largest globally.

## Private spaceflight

In August 2024, SpaceX announced that Wang would be funding and commanding the Fram2 mission of a Crew Dragon spacecraft, which aims to be the first human flight to go over the Earth's poles.
# Acalanes Union High School District

Acalanes Union High School District is a public high school district in Contra Costa County, located in the Bay Area of California. The district takes its name from Rancho Acalanes, an 1834 Mexican rancho grant which occupied much of the area from Orinda to Lafayette. The district operates four high schools.

## Schools

It currently has five schools: Acalanes High School in Lafayette, Campolindo High School in Moraga, Las Lomas High School in Walnut Creek, Miramonte High School in Orinda, and The Acalanes Center for Independent Study in Walnut Creek. A fifth campus, Del Valle High School located in Walnut Creek was closed at the end of the 1978–1979 school year and remaining students were transferred to Acalanes, Campolindo, and Las Lomas High Schools. The district's alternative school, Del Oro High School, opened on the former site of Del Valle High School, closed following the 2009–2010 school year, although the district still operates Acalanes Adult Education at the Del Valle Education Center in Walnut Creek. As of 2023, Del Valle is also operational as The Acalanes Center for Independent Study. John Nickerson has served as the district's Superintendent since May, 2011.
In 2004, the Acalanes Union High School district was ranked the second highest in the state of California, behind only Los Gatos/Saratoga (LGJUHSD) in Los Gatos.
In 2007, the Acalanes Union High School district was ranked the number one district in the state of California based on the STAR Test scores.

## Boundary

The district includes Acalanes Ridge, Castle Hill, Lafayette, Moraga, Orinda, San Miguel, and Saranap. It also includes much of Contra Costa Centre, Shell Ridge, and Walnut Creek, and portions of Alamo and Reliez Valley.

## Staffing

The district employed 167 classified employees in the 10/11 school year. California Dataquest - AUHSD Classified Staff Report for 2010/2011
The district employed 301 teachers in the 09/10 school year, a third of which have graduate degrees. California Dataquest - Staff Education Report

## Enrollment

Total enrollment in the district in the 10/11 school year was 5,589. Enrollment in the 10/11 school year by grade is as follows:
* 9th Grade - 1,367
* 10th Grade - 1,430
* 11th Grade - 1,358
* 12th Grade - 1,417
California Dataquest - District Enrollment by Grade Report
# Wólka Korczowska

Wólka Korczowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łomazy, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) west of Łomazy, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Biała Podlaska, and 79 km (49 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# John II, Bishop of Nyitra

John (Hungarian: János; died after 1221) was a Hungarian Catholic prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Nyitra (today Nitra, Slovakia) at least from 1204 to 1221.

## Career

John was elected as bishop sometime between 1198 (when his predecessor Everard is last mentioned) and 1204 (when he first appears in this dignity).
During the 1204–1205 controversial election of the Archbishop of Esztergom, John was among the four prelates – alongside Kalán of Pécs, Boleslaus of Vác and Kalanda of Veszprém – who strongly opposed the election of John, Archbishop of Kalocsa as their new metropolitan. They jointly wrote a letter to Pope Innocent III, where they claimed the archbishops were elected jointly by the chapter and the bishops in accordance with the spirit of customary law since King St. Stephen (John was elected by the chapter, which refused to invite the bishops of the suffragan dioceses of the Archbishopric of Esztergom to participate in the election process). Subsequently, John of Nyitra, who remained the only suffragan who did not recognize the legitimacy of the election, supported the candidacy of Kalán Bár-Kalán against John of Kalocsa. In accordance with the pope's decision favoring John of Kalocsa, the suffragans expressed support for John without reservations, while John of Nyitra was forced to write a letter to Innocent, in which he stated that he would withdraw his support from Kalán if the pope did not accept his protegee's nomination.
John bought a portion of Mita, Trencsén County in 1210, expanding the possessions of the bishopric there. John acquired lands for his diocese along the river Vág (Váh) in the following years. He bought half part of Biccse (today Bytča, Slovakia) from castle warriors in Trencsén County.
Alongside papal legate Cardinal Gregorius de Crescentio [fr] and Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, John mediated between King Ottokar I of Bohemia and Andrew, Bishop of Prague in their investiture controversy in 1221. The Bohemian king confirmed the lost privileges of the Diocese of Prague in June 1221, then the papal legate lifted the excommunication over the kingdom imposed by Andrew earlier. Alongside other prelates from Austria and Poland, the name of John appeared among the testimonies of Ottokar's royal charter.
John died prior to 1223, when his successor James is mentioned as the bishop of Nyitra.
# David Lloyd (writer)

David Gibbs Lloyd (July 7, 1934 – November 10, 2009) was an American screenwriter and producer for television.
He wrote for many sitcoms, such as The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Bob Newhart Show, Taxi, Cheers, Frasier and Wings. Lloyd wrote "Chuckles Bites the Dust", an October 1975 episode of the Mary Tyler Moore Show, for which he won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series.

## Family

Lloyd was married to Arline Mary Walsh Lloyd. The couple had five children, television writers Stephen and Christopher, as well as Julie, Amy, and Douglas.

## Death

He died on November 10, 2009, aged 75, from prostate cancer at his home in Beverly Hills, California.
The November 18, 2009, episode of Modern Family (which was co-created by his son Christopher), "Great Expectations", on ABC ended with an "In Memory" screen dedicating the episode to David's life.

## Filmography

* The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1963-1970)
* The Dick Cavett Show (1970-1973)
* Jack Paar Tonite (1973)
* Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1973) (TV)
* The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1973-1977)
* Doc (1975)
* Phyllis (1975-1977)
* The Tony Randall Show (1976)
* The Bob Newhart Show (1976-1977)
* The Betty White Show (1976-1977)
* Lou Grant (1977-1982)
* Rhoda (1978)
* The Associates (1979-1980)
* Taxi (1979-1983)
* Number 96 (1980)
* Best of the West (1982)
* Cheers (1982-1993)
* Mr. Smith (1982)
* At Your Service (1984)
* Brothers (1984-1989)
* Moscow Bureau (1985)
* Mr. Sunshine (1986)
* Amen (1986)
* Mr. President (1987)
* Dear John (1988)
* Wings (1990-1995)
* Frasier (1994-2001)
# Daban Shadala

Daban Shadala, (Kurdish دابان شەدەڵە) born on 16 June 1975, is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who has held the position of Deputy Head of the Kurdistan Region Department of Foreign Relations since August 9, 2020. He previously served as the representative of Kurdistan to Spain.

## Biography

Shadala, the former representative of Kurdistan to Spain, assumed his position during the 6th Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) cabinet, under the leadership of former Prime Minister Barham Salih. Prior to his diplomatic role in Madrid, Shadala served as a representative for the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in Vienna, Austria, where he played role in organizing and overseeing educational initiatives.
In addition to his previous roles, since August 9, 2020, Shadala has taken on the new responsibility of serving as the Deputy Head of the Kurdistan Region Foreign Relations Office. In this capacity, he oversees diplomatic efforts and international relations on behalf of the Kurdistan Region. This role maintains and strengths the Kurdistan Region's ties with other nations and international organizations.
# Apostolico–Giancarlo algorithm

In computer science, the Apostolico–Giancarlo algorithm is a variant of the Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm, the basic application of which is searching for occurrences of a pattern P in a text T. As with other comparison-based string searches, this is done by aligning P to a certain index of T and checking whether a match occurs at that index. P is then shifted relative to T according to the rules of the Boyer–Moore algorithm, and the process repeats until the end of T has been reached. Application of the Boyer–Moore shift rules often results in large chunks of the text being skipped entirely.
With regard to the shift operation, Apostolico–Giancarlo is exactly equivalent in functionality to Boyer–Moore. The utility of Apostolico–Giancarlo is to speed up the match-checking operation at any index. With Boyer–Moore, finding an occurrence of P in T requires that all n characters of P be explicitly matched. For certain patterns and texts, this is very inefficient – a simple example is when both pattern and text consist of the same repeated character, in which case Boyer–Moore runs in O(nm), where m is the length in characters of T. Apostolico–Giancarlo speeds this up by recording the number of characters matched at the alignments of T in a table, which is combined with data gathered during the pre-processing of P to avoid redundant equality checking for sequences of characters that are known to match. It can be seen as a generalization of the Galil rule.
# Wólka Krzymowska

Wólka Krzymowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzyrzec Podlaski, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Międzyrzec Podlaski, 32 km (20 mi) west of Biała Podlaska, and 88 km (55 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
# Daman people

The Daman people (Chinese: 达曼人) was one of the unrecognized ethnic groups in China and now officially classified as Tibetans. They are descendants of Nepalese centuries ago. Previously stateless, they were granted Chinese citizenship in 2003. Located around 30 kilometers away from the China-Nepal border in Gyirong County of Shigatse Prefecture, the Daman New Village, with a total population of 197, is the only settlement of the Daman people in China.

## Etymology

The term 达曼人 (lit. Daman people) is an exonym from Tibetic languages, da means horse and man means soldier; daman means cavalryman.

## History

In 1792, after the Sino-Gorkha war, hundreds of Gorkha soldiers were lost in the China-Nepal border and then resided there. The Daman people are allegedly the descendants of the Gorkha soldiers, and there have been the 6th or 7th generations since then.
Daman people were once without a nationality (stateless) before the State Council of China officially approved them as Chinese citizens in 2003. Since then, Daman people have been treated the same as Tibetan by the government.
# Het lied van de zeemeermin

Het lied van de zeemeermin is the twenty-second studio album by the Belgian-Dutch music trio K3, released on 22 November 2024 by Studio 100. The album's first single, called Fata Morgana, had already been released almost a year earlier. (17 May 2023) The second single, Zomer van liefde, was released on 29 May 2024. The third single Het lied van de zeemeermin, which also serves as the title track, was released on 16 October 2024. The covers of K3 from the tenth season of Liefde Voor Muziek (Flemish version of The Best Singers) were also added to the album.
The album is also the soundtrack to the feature film K3 en Het Lied van de Zeemeermin.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alain Vande Putte

## Charts

| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 1 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 11 |
# St. Mary's Church Thrikkunnathu

Thrikkunnathu St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church, is a church that is part of the Angamaly Diocese of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. The church belongs to Thrikkunnathu Seminary, the headquarters of the Angamaly Diocese. It is located near the town of Aluva, in the Ernakulam district of Kerala.
The Seminary was closed for 40 years due to factional authority disputes between the Jacobite Society and the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. Following a Supreme Court verdict , the Seminary is controlled and administered by the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.

## Early Church

In 1880 the Malankara Syrian Church acquired 18 acres (73,000 m$^2$) of land for construction of the church and a cornerstone was laid in 1889. The church began as a small building thatched with coconut leaves in the early 1900s. Paulose Mar Athanasius built the current St Mary's Church in the early 1930s. The western side of the building was extended in 1964. Patriarchs of Antioch, Ignatius Abded Aloho II, St.Ignatius Elias III and Ignatius Jacob III had visited this church in 1911, 1931 and 1964.

## Tombs

* H.G Kadavil Paulose Mar Athanasios (1907)
* H.G Kuttikkattil Paulose Mar Athanasios (1953)
* H.G Vayalipparambil Geevarghese Mar Gregorios (1966)
* H.G Kallupurackal Dr. Philipose Mar Theophilos (1997)
# Zikir Muhammadjonov

Zikir Muhammadjonov (Uzbek: Zikir Muhammadjonov, Зикир Муҳаммаджонов; 1921 – 23 August 2012) was a Soviet and Uzbek theater and film actor. He received many high awards including the title People's Artist of the USSR in 1977, and USSR State Prize in 1977. He is recognized as a People's Artist of Uzbekistan.

## Biography

Zikir Muhammadjonov was born on 1 January (according to other sources – 14 August) 1921 in Tashkent. He played on the stage of the school amateur theater, where he played all the main roles. Since 1938 he was an actor of the State Uzbek Drama Theater [ru] named after Hamza. He worked in the theater until his last days. He played over three hundred roles, including Ulugh Beg, Abu-Reyhan Biruni, Ali-Shir Nava'i, Husayn Bayqarah, Amir Temur. The war prevented him from starting his studies, during which (1941–1943) he worked at an aircraft factory, in Tashkent, where he mastered plumbing.
Muhammadjonov graduated from the Tashkent State Institute of Theater Arts named after I. A. N. Ostrovsky in 1949. He studied during the day, worked in the theater in the evening.
Muhammadjonov began appearing in films from 1956, and has starred in more than 40 films. He dubbed a large number of films for the "Uzbekfilm" studio. He was a member of the Union of Cinematographers of the Uzbek SSR.

### Family

Muhammadjonov lived with his wife for 70 years. He had five sons, and a daughter Feruza (deceased), as well as 17 grandchildren.

## Awards

* Hero of Uzbekistan (2003)
* Honored Artist of the Uzbek SSR [ru] (1956)
* People's Artist of the Uzbek SSR [ru] (1964)
* People's Artist of the USSR (1977)
* USSR State Prize (1977) — for playing the role of Lenin in the performance "Dawn of the Revolution"
* State Hamza Prize (1989)
* Order of Lenin (1986)
* Two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1970, 1975)
* Order Dostlik [ru] Uzbekistan (1994)
* Order of Outstanding Merit Uzbekistan (1998)
* Certificate of honor of the Republic of Uzbekistan [ru] (1991)
# James Nickel (academic)

James W. Nickel is an American philosopher and author. He is a Professor of Philosophy and Law Emeritus at the University of Miami Law School.
Nickel is most known for his book, Making Sense of Human Rights (1987, 2nd ed. 2007) and as the author of the "human rights" entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He has published more than 100 essays and reviews in philosophy and law, and his articles have been published in academic journals including the Columbia Law Review, Human Rights Quarterly, the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, and Philosophy and Public Affairs. Moreover, his essay, Poverty and Rights, won the 2004 Essay Prize from the Philosophical Quarterly.

## Education and career

Nickel received his bachelor's degree from Tabor College and his PhD in philosophy from the University of Kansas. His first teaching job was in 1968 at Wichita State University. In 1982 he joined the University of Colorado Boulder, where he served as Professor of Philosophy until 2002, Director of the Center for Values and Social Policy from 1982 to 1986, and Chair of the Department of Philosophy from 1992 to 1996. From 2003 to 2008, he was Professor of Law in the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University. He then served as Professor of Philosophy and Law at the University of Miami from 2009 to 2018, and has since been Professor Emeritus there.
Nickel also held appointments as a visiting professor at the University of California Berkeley Law School from 1980-82, the University of Utah Philosophy Department in spring 1986, the Pluricourts Center at the University of Oslo during the summers of 2014 to 2016 and Georgetown University Law School from 2008 to 2009.

## Awards and honors

* 1972-73 – Research Grant, National Endowment for the Humanities
* 1976-1977 – Fellowship, American Council of Learned Societies
* 1978 – Mellon Summer Fellowship, Aspen Institute, Aspen, CO.
* 1978-79 – Fellow, National Humanities Center, Research Triangle, NC
* 1981 – Rockefeller Foundation Humanities Fellowship, Rockefeller Foundation
* 1988–89, 1996–97 – Faculty Fellowship, University of Colorado
* 2004 – Visiting Fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford University
* 2013 – Theorizing Human Rights: A Conference in Honor of James Nickel, Duke University
* 2018 – Henkin Lecture, “What Future for Human Rights?’’, University of Miami Law School
# Inna Volyanskaya

Inna Volyanskaya (Russian: Инна Витальевна Волянская; 5 July 1965 – 29 January 2025) was a Russian pair skater who competed for the Soviet Union. With Valery Spiridonov, she won six international medals, including gold at the 1982 Nebelhorn Trophy.

## Career

Volyanskaya/Spiridonov won silver at the 1980 St. Ivel International, gold at the 1980 Blue Swords, silver at the 1981 Prague Skate, gold at the 1982 Grand Prix International St. Gervais, and gold at the 1982 Nebelhorn Trophy. After retiring from competition, they skated together in ice shows, including Torvill & Dean and the Russian Allstars.
From 2017 until her death in 2025, Volyanskaya worked as a skating coach at the Ashburn Ice House in Ashburn, Virginia, United States.

## Personal life and death

Volyanskaya was born on 5 July 1965. She was at one-time married to Spiridonov, and was at the time of her death married to Jeremy Wilson. Volyanskaya also had a daughter, Maria, whose godmother was Volyanskaya's former coach, Tatiana Tarasova.
On 29 January 2025, Volyanskaya died when the passenger jet she was onboard collided with an U.S. Army helicopter above the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., leaving no survivors. She was 59. On March 2, 2025, U.S. Figure Skating held an ice show called Legacy on Ice, which paid tribute to Volyanskaya and the other victims that lost their lives aboard American Eagle Flight 5342. Volyanskaya's former students paid tribute to their late coach by skating to "You'll Be in My Heart" by Phil Collins.

## Competitive highlights
### with Spiridonov

International :
| Event | 1979–80 | 1980–81 | 1981–82 | 1982–83 |
| Blue Swords | | 1st | | 2nd |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | | | | 1st |
| NHK Trophy | | | 4th | |
| Prague Skate | | | 2nd | |
| St. Gervais International | | | | 1st |
| St. Ivel International | | 2nd | | |
| National |||||
| Soviet Championships | 3rd | 6th | 4th | |
# Operational taxonomic unit

An operational taxonomic unit (OTU) is an operational definition used to classify groups of closely related individuals. The term was originally introduced in 1963 by Robert R. Sokal and Peter H. A. Sneath in the context of numerical taxonomy, where an "operational taxonomic unit" is simply the group of organisms currently being studied. In this sense, an OTU is a pragmatic definition to group individuals by similarity, equivalent to but not necessarily in line with classical Linnaean taxonomy or modern evolutionary taxonomy.
Nowadays, however, the term "OTU" is commonly used in a different context and refers to clusters of (uncultivated or unknown) organisms, grouped by DNA sequence similarity of a specific taxonomic marker gene (originally coined as mOTU; molecular OTU). In other words, OTUs are pragmatic proxies for "species" (microbial or metazoan) at different taxonomic levels, in the absence of traditional systems of biological classification as are available for macroscopic organisms. For several years, OTUs have been the most commonly used units of diversity, especially when analysing small subunit 16S (for prokaryotes) or 18S rRNA (for eukaryotes) marker gene sequence datasets.
Sequences can be clustered according to their similarity to one another, and operational taxonomic units are defined based on the similarity threshold (usually 97% similarity; however also 100% similarity is common, also known as single variants) set by the researcher. It remains debatable how well this commonly-used method recapitulates true microbial species phylogeny or ecology. Although OTUs can be calculated differently when using different algorithms or thresholds, research by Schmidt et al. (2014) demonstrated that microbial OTUs were generally ecologically consistent across habitats and several OTU clustering approaches. The number of OTUs defined may be inflated due to errors in DNA sequencing.

## OTU clustering approaches

There are three main approaches to clustering OTUs:
* De novo, for which the clustering is based on similarities between sequencing reads.
* Closed-reference, for which the clustering is performed against a reference database of sequences.
* Open-reference, where clustering is first performed against a reference database of sequences, then any remaining sequences that could not be mapped to the reference are clustered de novo.

## OTU clustering algorithms

* Hierarchical clustering algorithms (HCA): uclust & cd-hit & ESPRIT
* Bayesian clustering: CROP