OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Degerfors

Degerfors (Swedish pronunciation: ) is a locality and the seat of Degerfors Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden, with 7,160 inhabitants in 2010. Degerfors is the sixth-largest city in Örebro County. It is located at the southern shore of lake Möckeln, 13 km (8 mi) south of neighboring Karlskoga.
Degerfors evolved around the ironworks, that is nowadays owned by the Finnish conglomerate Outokumpu Oyj. It is also home to the football club Degerfors IF, which is playing in the second tier of Swedish football, Superettan.

## History

Degerfors has traditionally been an industrial community closely connected to the large ironworks, associated with members of the Camitz family. The settlement (originally called Johannelund) grew up around this industry and got the status of a municipalsamhälle (a type of borough within a municipality) in 1912. Today it acts as seat of the larger Degerfors Municipality.
In the 1870s, a group of people native to the Degerfors-area emigrated to the Ural region (then part of the Russian Empire).

## Economy

The steelworks is now owned by the Finnish conglomerate Outokumpu Oyj.
The location has a railway station and a narrow-gauge railway connecting it with Bredsjö, the Bredsjö–Degerfors Järnväg [Wikidata].
Tourists to the region usually stop at the Sveafallen nature reserve.

## Sveafallen

Degesfors is the site of Sveafallen, a geological landscape of small canyons and giant's kettles. Immediately south of Degerfors lies the nature reserve of Sveafallen. The reserve contains a series of small canyons as well as numerous and large giant's kettles. Sveafallen was long held to be the outlet of the Ancylus Lake, a fresh-water predecessor to the Baltic Sea. The site was first discovered in 1923 by Lennart von Post being the focus of a protracted and sometimes bitter scientific debate that involved not only von Post but also figures such as Henrik Munthe, Astrid Cleve and Curt Fredén. The site was initially proposed to be the dry remnant of a dramatic river or waterfall comparable to Niagara Falls. Research by Curt Fredén cast well founded doubts on this view, with the final demise being a 1981 study by Birgitta Ericsson et al showing that the giant's kettles in the area are older than the Ancylus Lake. Sveafallen is now believed to have formed by meltwater streams under the Fennoscandian ice sheet.

## Sports

Nationally, Degerfors is best known for the football team Degerfors IF. Despite the relatively small size of the town, Degerfors has always had strong local support, and played a total of 29 years in the highest division Allsvenskan. In 1997 the team were relegated and were playing in the second highest Swedish league, Superettan until they achieved promotion back to Allsvenskan (highest Swedish league) in 2020.
Another sports club located in Degerfors is Strömtorps IK.
# Xyroptila dohertyi

Xyroptila dohertyi is a brown-colored moth of the family Pterophoridae which is endemic to western Thailand.
# Apsara Iyer

Apsara Iyer is an American art crime investigator and the 137th president of the Harvard Law Review. She is the first Indian American woman to be elected to that position.

## Early life and education

Iyer was born in Chicago and raised in West Lafayette, Indiana. She attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and then Yale University, where she received a bachelor's in Spanish and in economics and math. In 2012, she was a finalist for a Rhodes Scholarship. She was awarded the Clarendon Fund scholarship to pursue graduate studies at University of Oxford, where she received an MPhil in economics.

## Career
### Work to counter antiquities trafficking and art crime

In 2018, Iyer joined the Antiquities Trafficking Unit within the New York County District Attorney's office, working with Matthew Bogdanos on major cases related to art and crime, the illicit antiquities trade, and looted art. She has been instrumental in the return of numerous looted, stolen, and trafficked cultural objects to their countries of origin. She has been involved in the repatriation of cultural property to 15 different countries, amounting to the return of over 1,100 stolen cultural objects.
In 2021, Iyer spent a summer working with Donna Yates at Maastricht University, researching the application of statutes of limitations in cultural property cases as a Chayes International Public Service Fellow.
Prior to this, she was a volunteer researcher in the Trafficking Culture research consortium and at the University of Pennsylvania's Penn Cultural Heritage Center.

### Harvard Law Review Palestinian genocide article controversy

Amidst the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, two editors of the Harvard Law Review solicited an article by Harvard PhD candidate and human rights lawyer Rabea Eghbariah, which "argue[d] that the atrocities in Gaza amount to genocide" and that "the distinctive nature of the domination Palestinians have faced should demand a new category of crime: 'Nakba'." After the article was edited, fact-checked, and initially approved, Iyer intervened to stop its publication, citing safety concerns. After this, an emergency meeting of 100 editors of the Harvard Law Review was called and an anonymous vote was held, in which 63% of editors voted against publication. This move generated public controversy among editors and others.

## Personal life

Iyer speaks English, Hindi, and Tamil.
# Charang, Ust-Aldansky District, Sakha Republic

Charang (Russian: Чаранг; Yakut: Чараҥ, Çaraŋ) is a rural locality (a selo), the only inhabited locality, and the administrative center of Khorinsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) from Borogontsy, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 664, of whom 316 were male and 348 female, up from 603 as recorded during the 2002 Census.
# Workers Defence Corps

The Workers Defence Corps (WDC) was an Australian communist paramilitary organisation during the Great Depression.
The WDC was based on similar organisations formed in Britain during the 1926 United Kingdom general strike by the Communist Party of Great Britain for protecting picket lines from police and paramilitaries, which the WDC also undertook. The organisation was first active in 1929 during the Northern Coalfields lockout, where it was used to coerce strikebreakers and defend picket lines from police. The organisation was reformed in 1931 to defend Communist meetings from the growing proto-fascist New Guard.
The WDC is most notable for its clashes with the New Guard, but also engaged in bank robberies and reprisals against police officers. Most of which failed. The WDC did have a successful string of weapons thefts. The WDC assisted the Unemployed Workers Movement in opposing evictions.
The WDC saw itself as a Red Army that would eventually lead a nationwide Communist revolution.
Members of the WDC were involved in the 'Battle of Bankstown,' in which several hundred New Guardsmen brawled with Bankstown locals, workers, Unemployed Worker's Movement members and WDC members. The New Guard was reportedly defeated, with their vehicles heavily damaged. The riot then continued as the crowd searched Bankstown for New Guardsmen or police officers.
# Julien Verdonck

Julien Verdonck (13 January 1885 – 7 March 1949) was a Belgian gymnast. He competed in the men's team all-around event at the 1920 Summer Olympics, winning the silver medal.
# Harold Kalina

Harold Kalina (July 2, 1928 – August 15, 2016) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician.
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Kalina went to the Minneapolis public schools. He served in the United States Army. Kalina graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1949 and received his law degree from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1953. He practiced law in Minneapolis. From 1955 to 1972, Kalina served in the Minnesota Senate. He then served as a Minnesota District Court judge from 1972 to 1983 and from 1990 to 1995. Kalina died in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
# Jeroom Riske

Jeroom Riske (14 August 1919 – 17 December 2000) was a Belgian gymnast. He competed in seven events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Devil's advocate

The advocatus diaboli (Latin for Devil's advocate) is a former official position within the Catholic Church, the Promoter of the Faith: one who "argued against the canonization (sainthood) of a candidate to uncover any character flaws or misrepresentation of the evidence favoring canonization".
In common parlance, the phrase "playing devil's advocate" describes a situation where someone, given a certain point of view, takes a position they do not necessarily agree with (or simply an alternative position from the accepted norm), for the sake of debate or to explore the thought further using valid reasoning that both disagrees with the subject at hand and proves their own point valid. Despite being medieval in origin, this idiomatic expression is one of the most popular present-day English idioms used to express the concept of arguing against something without actually being committed to the contrary view. Playing devil's advocate is considered a form of the Socratic method.

## Origin and history

During the canonization process employed by the Catholic Church, the 'Promoter of the Faith' (Latin: promotor fidei), popularly known as the Devil's advocate (advocatus diaboli), was a canon lawyer appointed by Church authorities to argue against the canonization of a candidate. It was this person's job to take a skeptical view of the candidate's character, to look for holes in the evidence, to argue that any miracles attributed to the candidate were fraudulent, and so on. The Devil's advocate opposed 'God's advocate' (advocatus Dei; also known as the 'Promoter of the Cause'), whose task was to make the argument in favor of canonization. During the investigation of a cause, this task is now performed by the 'Promoter of Justice' (promotor iustitiae), who is in charge of examining the accuracy of the inquiry on the saintliness of the candidate. The Promoter of the Faith remains a figure in the Congregation of the Causes of Saints and is also known as the Prelate Theologian.
The office was established in 1587 during the reign of Pope Sixtus V. The first formal mention of such an officer is found in the canonization of St Lawrence Justinian under Pope Leo X (1513–1521). Pope John Paul II reduced the power and changed the role of the office in 1983. In cases of controversy, the Vatican may still seek to solicit the testimony of critics of a candidate for canonization. One notable example of this was in 2003, when author Christopher Hitchens, an atheist and outspoken critic of Mother Teresa, was interviewed as part of her beatification hearings.

## Effectiveness

Psychologist Charlan Jeanne Nemeth [d] writes that inauthentic dissent (assigning someone to act as a Devil's advocate) is considerably less effective in improving group decision-making than authentic dissent. She also writes that inauthentic dissent can cause people to become more entrenched in their original beliefs, the opposite of the intended purpose e.g. in businesses that use this technique.
# Roskilde Vikings Rugby Klub

Roskilde Vikings Rugby Klub began on 22 August 2010 when around 15 players attended the first ever training session. There had apparently also been an earlier attempt to start a rugby club in Roskilde, but little is known about this.
The club was established under the auspices of Vor Frue Idræts Forening after committee member Kenneth Nielsen noticed that the club's facilities were under-utilised. He had first encountered rugby as an exchange student in Perth, Australia in 1995 and thought it might bring it much-needed new membership.
The board of Vor Frue IF agreed and invested in the necessary equipment to get things started and continues to oversee the sporting activities while the rugby club focuses on promoting the game of rugby and raising funds.
Since 2010, the membership has grown steadily, with a youth section added in 2016 and a women's team in 2019. rugby club in Roskilde. The club forms part of the Vor Frue Idrætsforening (Sports Club). The club's senior men's team currently plays in the DRU (Dansk Rugby Union) Division Two East.

## Honours

Men:
Scandinavian 7s Bowl, winners, 2016
Youth teams:
Fritz Feyerherm Tournament, Berlin, Under-14 winners 2018 (combined team with Dragør Rugby Klub)
Fritz Feyerherm Tournament, Berlin, Under-12 runners-up 2018 (combined team with Dragør Rugby Klub)
Danish National Championship, Under-14 bronze medal winners 2019 (combined team with Dragør Rugby Klub)
# Joe Agius

Joseph James Agius (born 10 March 1992) is an Australian musician, singer and performer. He is the lead singer & guitarist of Brisbane-based rock band The Creases, which he founded in 2013, and solo project RINSE, which he began officially releasing music through in 2020. Agius has also directed music videos for his wife Harriette Pilbeam's solo project, Hatchie. As a member of Hatchie's backing band, Agius has also co-written, co-produced and performed material with her since 2018.

## Biography

Agius moved to Brisbane in 2013, where he formed rock group The Creases. He provided lead vocals and guitar for the group alongside Jarod Mahon on bass guitar and vocals before they were joined by Aimon Clark on lead guitar and Gabriel Webster on drums. They released their debut album, Tremolow (July 2017), which reached the ARIA Top 100 Physical Albums and No. 21 on the ARIA Hitseekers Albums charts.

## Personal life

Agius married his long time partner Harriette Pilbeam (AKA Hatchie) on 24 November 2021. The wedding ceremony was held at Graceland Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## Awards and nominations
### Queensland Music Awards

The Queensland Music Awards (previously known as Q Song Awards) are annual awards celebrating Queensland, Australia's brightest emerging artists and established legends. They commenced in 2006.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result (wins only) |
| 2016 | himself | The BOQ People's Choice Award Most Promising Male Songwriter | Won |
# Jiggy Smaha

Jiggy Ephram Smaha II (September 19, 1946 – October 2, 2018) was an American professional football linebacker who played one season with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at the University of Georgia. He was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the 14th round of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft.

## Early life and college

Jiggy Ephram Smaha II was born on September 19, 1946, in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. He attended Lanier High School in Macon, Georgia. He earned Class AAA all-state honors his senior year in 1963. Smaha was also named the Class AAA Lineman of the Year by both The Atlanta Constitution and The Atlanta Journal. He participated in track in high school as well, finishing second in the state in the discus throw. He was inducted into the Macon Sports Hall of Fame in 2010.
Smaha was a member of the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia from 1964 to 1967. He did not play during his freshmen year in 1964 as freshman were not allowed on the varsity team due to NCAA rules at the time. He played for the Bulldogs as a sophomore in 1965. Smaha missed the entire 1966 season after being suspended for academic ineligibility. He earned his only letter at Georgia in 1967. He was in the military from February to June 1968. Prior to the start of his senior year, Smaha was ruled academically ineligible again in August 1968.

## Professional career

Smaha then attempted to sign with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League but the league voided the contract due to Smaha having one year of college eligibility remaining.
Smaha signed with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League in September 1968. He played in eight games for the Lions during the 1968 season and recovered one fumble.
Smaha was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the 14th round, with the 358th overall pick, of the 1969 NFL/AFL draft. He was released after suffering an injury.
Smaha was signed by the New York Giants in May 1970. He was cut by the Giants on June 18, 1970.
Smaha signed with the Jacksonville Sharks of the World Football League (WFL) in April 1974. In June 1974, he was traded to the Florida Blazers for a future draft pick. He was released by the Blazers later in June.
Smaha then signed with the Detroit Lions in 1974. On August 17, 1974, it was reported that he had been released.

## Personal life

Smaha's father and son were also named Jiggy. Smaha later started his own real estate business.
He died on October 2, 2018, in Macon, Georgia.
# Fanfare for Oscar

Fanfare for Oscar is a musical fanfare created by award-winning film composer Jerry Goldsmith in 1998. It is used by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as theme music for the academy's official events and presentations like the Academy Awards.

## History

In early 1998, film composer Jerry Goldsmith was approached by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to create a new fanfare theme for the academy's events and presentations, namely the annual Academy Awards ceremony. Goldsmith, who had also composed themes and fanfares for studios and production companies like Universal, Paramount, and Carolco, agreed to the assignment.
The composition, titled "Fanfare for Oscar," was first recorded on January 30, 1998, by an 83-piece orchestra at the Todd-AO studio in Hollywood, California. Goldsmith also composed and recorded several shorter renditions of the fanfare for use during the Oscar telecast.
"Fanfare for Oscar" was first used during the 1998 Oscar season, which included the nominee announcement on February 10 and the live telecast for the 70th Academy Awards, which was held on March 23 at the Shrine Auditorium. The fanfare has been used during every Academy Awards telecast since then.
# Sky Shuttle

Sky Shuttle Helicopters Limited (Chinese: 空中快線直升機公司, Portuguese: Helicópteros Aéreos Expressos) is a helicopter service operator based in Macau. Formerly known as Helicopters Hong Kong Limited, it operates helicopter routes between Macau, Hong Kong and Shenzhen.

## History

East Asia Airlines Limited was established in July 1988 and Macau-Hong Kong services commenced in November 1990 by using two Bell 222 helicopters with six flights per day. Helicopters Hong Kong Limited (‘HeliHK’) established in 1997, formed a partnership with East Asia Airlines, to create the largest commercial helicopter operation in the Pearl River Delta region providing shuttle service between Hong Kong and Macau and introduced a fleet change from Bell 222 to Sikorsky S76C+ helicopters. Subsequently, a new company name “Sky Shuttle Helicopters Limited” was launched in November 2008, as part of a new corporate branding exercise. In 2009 another fleet change took place when AgustaWestland AW139 helicopters were purchased to replace the aging S-76C+s.
2010 ditching
The airline's noon departure from Hong Kong for Macau ended in a controlled ditching of one of its AW139s in Victoria Harbour immediately post-takeoff due to a tail rotor failure. The 11 passengers and 2 crew escaped serious injury.
2020 - 2022 - Operations suspended during the period of the global pandemic.
January 26, 2024 - Operations resumed for scheduled flights 5 days per week and 7 flights per day between Macau - Hong Kong and Macau - Shenzhen.

## Services
### Shuttle service

Sky Shuttle is the sole commercial helicopter operator between HK, Macau and Shenzhen, PRC, with Sky Shuttle ( operating 35 flights weekly between Macau Maritime Terminal and Hong Kong-Macau Ferry Terminal in Hong Kong from 9 am to 8 pm, and 5 flights per week between Macau Maritime Terminal and Shenzhen Baoan International Airport, all of about 15 minutes duration.

### Charter services

Sky Shuttle also operates services for sightseeing, aerial photography and general private charter.

## Heliports

* Sky Shuttle Heliport renamed from Shun Tak Heliport 2nd Helipad added 2009
* Shun Tak Heliport, at the Hong Kong Macau Ferry Terminal, Shun Tak Centre, 200 Connaught Road Central, Hong Kong - 1 pad built in 1986,
* Macau Heliport at 3/F Macau Maritime Terminal, Avenida da Amizade, Macau - 5 pads upgraded in 2001
* Shenzhen Heliport at 3/F of Shenzhen Baoan International Airport Terminal, Shenzhen, China

## Fleet

As of July 2016, Sky Shuttle operates AgustaWestland AW139 helicopters.

### Formerly operated

* Bell 222
* Sikorsky S-76
Also previously operated by Helicopters Hong Kong were
* Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama
* Eurocopter AS350
* Bell 206
# Homer M. Carr

Homer Meade Carr (July 22, 1887 – February February 14, 1964) was an American politician and locomotive engineer.
Carr was born in Malta, Morgan County, Ohio. He moved to Proctor, St. Louis County, Minnesota in 1906 and lived in Proctor with his wife and family. Carr served in the United States Army during World War I and was commissioned a first lieutenant while stationed in France. Carr worked a locomotive engineer for the Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway. Carr served on the Proctor School Board from 1928 to 1933 and was thee school board treasurer. Carr served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1933 and 1934 and then served in the Minnesota Senate from 1935 until his death in 1934 while still in office. He was a Democrat.
# Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum

The Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (known in Vietnamese as Tự điển Việt-Bồ-La) is a trilingual Vietnamese-Portuguese-Latin dictionary written by the French Jesuit lexicographer Alexandre de Rhodes after 12 years in Vietnam. It was published by the Propaganda Fide in Rome in 1651, upon Rhodes's visit to Europe, along with his catechism Phép giảng tám ngày.

## Background

Before Rhodes's work, traditional Vietnamese dictionaries showed the correspondences between Chinese characters and Vietnamese chữ Nôm script. From the 17th century, Western missionaries started to devise a romanization system that represented the Vietnamese language to facilitate the propagation of the Christian faith, which culminated in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum of Alexandre de Rhodes.
Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum was itself inspired by two earlier lost works: a Vietnamese–Portuguese dictionary by Gaspar do Amaral [Wikidata] and a Portuguese–Vietnamese dictionary by António Barbosa.

## Content

The dictionary has 8,000 Vietnamese entries with glosses in Portuguese and Latin. The publication also incorporates a summary on Vietnamese grammar (Linguae Annamiticae seu Tunchinensis Brevis Declaratio) and the codification of some contemporary pronunciations.

## Impact

The dictionary established chữ Quốc ngữ, the Vietnamese alphabet, which was refined by later missionaries and eventually became the predominant writing system for Vietnamese. Mgr Pigneau de Béhaine contributed to these improvements with his 1783 Annamite–Latin dictionary, the manuscript of which was remitted to Mgr Jean-Louis Taberd who published in 1838 his Vietnamese–Latin / Latin–Vietnamese dictionary.
Despite those efforts, Christian publications in Vietnam continued to use either Latin or the traditional Vietnamese chữ Nôm, rather than the simpler alphabetic Quốc ngữ, for the next 200 years. Quốc ngữ gained only predominance after the French invasion of 1858 and the establishment of French protectorate.
# Hasora leucospila

Hasora leucospila is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae which is found in Southeast Asia, Cambodia.