# Urban area

An urban area is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. This is the core of a metropolitan statistical area in the United States, if it contains a population of more than 50,000.
Urban areas originate through urbanization, and researchers categorize them as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbanism, the term "urban area" contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets; in urban sociology or urban anthropology, it often contrasts with natural environment.
The development of earlier predecessors of modern urban areas during the urban revolution of the 4th millennium BCE led to the formation of human civilization and ultimately to modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources has led to a human impact on the environment.

## Recent historical growth

In 1950, 764 million people or about 30 percent of the world's 2.5 billion people lived in urban areas. By 2014, it was 3.9 billion or about 53 percent of the world's 7.3 billion people that lived in urban areas. The change was driven by a combination of increased total population and increased percent of population living in urban areas. In 2009, the number of people living in urban areas (3.42 billion) surpassed the number living in rural areas (3.41 billion), and since then the world has become more urban than rural. This was the first time that the majority of the world's population lived in a city. By that time a high estimate calculated up to 3.5 million square kilometers of land were urban, estimates ranging from 1% of global land area. In 2014 there were 7.3 billion people living on the planet, of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion. The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would occupy 68% of the world population by 2050, with 90% of that growth coming from Africa and Asia.

## Urbanization

Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. They are measured for various purposes, including analyzing population density and urban sprawl. Urban areas are generally found in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Japan, Australia, and many other countries where the urbanization rate is high.
Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area, but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city, typically by employment ties through commuting, with the urban core city being the primary labor market.
The concept of an "urban area" as used in economic statistics should not be confused with the concept of the "urban area" used in road safety statistics. This term was first created by Geographer Brian Manning. The last concept is also known as "built-up area in road safety". According to the definition by the Office for National Statistics, "Built-up areas are defined as land which is 'irreversibly urban in character', meaning that they are characteristic of a town or city. They include areas of built-up land with a minimum of 20 hectares (200,000 m$^2$; 49 acres). Any areas [separated by] less than 200 metres [of non-urban space] are linked to become a single built-up area.
Argentina and Japan are countries where the urbanization rate is over 90% while Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States are countries where the urbanization rate is between 80% and 90%, although within the U.S. state of New Jersey, the urbanization rate is 100%.

## Largest urban areas

There are two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. According to Urbanization by sovereign state article, the world as a whole is 56.2% urbanized, with roughly one-quarter of the countries reported as greater than 80% urbanized. Data is taken from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook estimates from 2020.
According to Demographia, these are the 200 largest urban areas in the world by population (as of 2023):
| | Urban Area | Country/ Region | Population |
| 1 | Tokyo-Yokohama | Japan | 37,785,000 |
| 2 | Jakarta | Indonesia | 35,386,000 |
| 3 | Delhi | India | 31,190,000 |
| 4 | Guangzhou-Foshan | China | 27,119,000 |
| 5 | Mumbai | India | 25,189,000 |
| 6 | Manila | Philippines | 24,156,000 |
| 7 | Shanghai | China | 24,042,000 |
| 8 | Seoul-Incheon | South Korea | 23,225,000 |
| 9 | Cairo | Egypt | 22,679,000 |
| 10 | Mexico City | Mexico | 21,905,000 |
| 11 | Kolkata | India | 21,747,000 |
| 12 | São Paulo | Brazil | 21,486,000 |
| 13 | New York | United States | 21,396,000 |
| 14 | Karachi | Pakistan | 20,249,000 |
| 15 | Dhaka | Bangladesh | 19,134,000 |
| 16 | Bangkok | Thailand | 18,884,000 |
| 17 | Beijing | China | 18,883,000 |
| 18 | Moscow | Russia | 17,878,000 |
| 19 | Shenzhen | China | 17,778,000 |
| 20 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | 15,748,000 |
| 21 | Los Angeles | United States | 15,587,000 |
| 22 | Johannesburg-Pretoria | South Africa | 15,551,000 |
| 23 | Bangalore | India | 15,257,000 |
| 24 | Chengdu | China | 15,016,000 |
| 25 | Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | 14,953,000 |
| 26 | Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto | Japan | 14,916,000 |
| 27 | Lagos | Nigeria | 14,540,000 |
| 28 | Istanbul | Turkey | 14,441,000 |
| 29 | Lahore | Pakistan | 13,504,000 |
| 30 | Kinshasa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 13,493,000 |
| 31 | Tehran | Iran | 13,382,000 |
| 32 | Chongqing | China | 12,653,000 |
| 33 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 12,306,000 |
| 34 | Xi'an | China | 12,211,000 |
| 35 | Chennai | India | 12,053,697 |
| 36 | Paris | France | 11,108,000 |
| 37 | Zhengzhou | China | 11,068,000 |
| 38 | Luanda | Angola | 10,914,000 |
| 39 | London | United Kingdom | 10,803,000 |
| 40 | Dongguan | China | 10,753,000 |
| 41 | Lima | Peru | 10,556,000 |
| 42 | Wuhan | China | 10,353,000 |
| 43 | Bogota | Colombia | 10,252,000 |
| 44 | Tianjin | China | 10,047,000 |
| 45 | Hyderabad | India | 9,797,000 |
| 46 | Taipei | Taiwan | 9,662,000 |
| 47 | Hangzhou | China | 9,618,000 |
| 48 | Nagoya | Japan | 9,439,000 |
| 49 | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 9,387,000 |
| 50 | Chicago | United States | 8,954,000 |
| 51 | Nanjing | China | 8,507,000 |
| 52 | Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | 8,309,000 |
| 53 | Shenyang-Fushun | China | 8,044,000 |
| 54 | Ahmadabad | India | 8,006,000 |
| 55 | Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | 7,965,000 |
| 56 | Washington-Baltimore | United States | 7,853,000 |
| 57 | Boston-Providence | United States | 7,429,000 |
| 58 | Onitsha | Nigeria | 7,205,000 |
| 59 | Bandung | Indonesia | 7,203,000 |
| 60 | Addis Ababa | Ethiopia | 7,185,000 |
| 61 | Khartoum | Sudan | 7,155,000 |
| 62 | Santiago | Chile | 7,099,000 |
| 63 | Dallas-Fort Worth | United States | 6,979,000 |
| 64 | Nairobi | Kenya | 6,929,000 |
| 65 | San Francisco-San Jose | United States | 6,844,000 |
| 66 | Toronto | Canada | 6,837,000 |
| 67 | Pune | India | 6,819,000 |
| 68 | Madrid | Spain | 6,798,000 |
| 69 | Essen-Düsseldorf | Germany | 6,769,000 |
| 70 | Quanzhou | China | 6,743,000 |
| 71 | Houston | United States | 6,703,000 |
| 72 | Baghdad | Iraq | 6,624,000 |
| 73 | Surat | India | 6,601,000 |
| 74 | Amman | Jordan | 6,563,000 |
| 75 | Surabaya | Indonesia | 6,556,000 |
| 76 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong SAR | 6,468,000 |
| 77 | Yangon | Myanmar | 6,426,000 |
| 78 | Hanoi | Vietnam | 6,359,000 |
| 79 | Qingdao | China | 6,291,000 |
| 80 | Miami | United States | 6,139,000 |
| 81 | Suzhou | China | 6,091,000 |
| 82 | Singapore | Singapore | 5,926,000 |
| 83 | Philadelphia | United States | 5,795,000 |
| 84 | Accra | Ghana | 5,785,000 |
| 85 | St. Petersburg | Russia | 5,750,000 |
| 86 | Atlanta | United States | 5,702,000 |
| 87 | Abidjan | Ivory Coast | 5,678,000 |
| 88 | Kabul | Afghanistan | 5,566,000 |
| 89 | Alexandria | Egypt | 5,552,000 |
| 90 | Milan | Italy | 5,471,000 |
| 91 | Jiddah | Saudi Arabia | 5,408,000 |
| 92 | Ankara | Turkey | 5,359,000 |
| 93 | Faisalabad | Pakistan | 5,356,000 |
| 94 | Barcelona | Spain | 5,317,000 |
| 95 | Xiamen | China | 5,253,000 |
| 96 | Belo Horizonte | Brazil | 5,242,000 |
| 97 | Taiyuan | China | 5,067,000 |
| 98 | Changsha | China | 5,065,000 |
| 99 | Hefei | China | 5,052,000 |
| 100 | Mashhad | Iran | 5,045,000 |
| 101 | Kunming | China | 4,995,000 |
| 102 | Rawalpindi-Islamabad | Pakistan | 4,954,000 |
| 103 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | 4,945,000 |
| 104 | Sydney | Australia | 4,836,000 |
| 105 | Kumasi | Ghana | 4,794,000 |
| 106 | Melbourne | Australia | 4,709,000 |
| 107 | Kampala | Uganda | 4,679,000 |
| 108 | Monterrey | Mexico | 4,674,000 |
| 109 | Kano | Nigeria | 4,670,000 |
| 110 | Lucknow | India | 4,661,000 |
| 111 | Yaounde | Cameroon | 4,642,000 |
| 112 | Phoenix | United States | 4,617,000 |
| 113 | Cape Town | South Africa | 4,595,000 |
| 114 | Ürümqi | China | 4,548,000 |
| 115 | Wuxi | China | 4,524,000 |
| 116 | Casablanca | Morocco | 4,499,000 |
| 117 | Fuzhou | China | 4,487,000 |
| 118 | Guadalajara | Mexico | 4,401,000 |
| 119 | İzmir | Turkey | 4,367,251 |
| 120 | Jaipur | India | 4,360,000 |
| 121 | Kanpur | India | 4,350,000 |
| 122 | Santo Domingo | Dominican Republic | 4,345,000 |
| 123 | Berlin | Germany | 4,286,000 |
| 124 | Guiyang | China | 4,269,000 |
| 125 | Detroit | United States | 4,258,000 |
| 126 | Nanchang | China | 4,240,000 |
| 127 | Mogadishu | Somalia | 4,219,000 |
| 128 | Changzhou | China | 4,206,000 |
| 129 | Chittagong | Bangladesh | 4,204,000 |
| 130 | Dalian | China | 4,177,000 |
| 131 | Zhongshan | China | 4,113,000 |
| 132 | Kuwait | Kuwait | 4,066,000 |
| 133 | Jinan | China | 4,057,000 |
| 134 | Medan | Indonesia | 4,027,000 |
| 135 | Wenzhou | China | 4,024,000 |
| 136 | Seattle | United States | 4,001,000 |
| 137 | Tashkent | Uzbekistan | 3,935,000 |
| 138 | Shijiazhuang | China | 3,871,000 |
| 139 | Harbin | China | 3,869,000 |
| 140 | Recife | Brazil | 3,866,000 |
| 141 | Busan | South Korea | 3,843,000 |
| 142 | Bamako | Mali | 3,783,000 |
| 143 | Indore | India | 3,765,000 |
| 144 | Douala | Cameroon | 3,751,000 |
| 145 | Montreal | Canada | 3,750,000 |
| 146 | Ibadan | Nigeria | 3,657,000 |
| 147 | Naples | Italy | 3,653,000 |
| 148 | Sana | Yemen | 3,585,000 |
| 149 | Colombo | Sri Lanka | 3,532,000 |
| 150 | Dakar | Senegal | 3,510,000 |
| 151 | Porto Alegre | Brazil | 3,504,000 |
| 152 | Mbuji-Mayi | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 3,493,000 |
| 153 | Nagpur | India | 3,493,000 |
| 154 | Algiers | Algeria | 3,462,000 |
| 155 | Durban | South Africa | 3,452,000 |
| 156 | Port Harcourt | Nigeria | 3,429,000 |
| 157 | Fortaleza | Brazil | 3,415,000 |
| 158 | Brasilia | Brazil | 3,406,000 |
| 159 | Changchun | China | 3,387,000 |
| 160 | Salvador | Brazil | 3,344,000 |
| 161 | Patna | India | 3,331,000 |
| 162 | Athens | Greece | 3,309,000 |
| 163 | Nanning | China | 3,249,000 |
| 164 | Kathmandu | Nepal | 3,247,000 |
| 165 | Medellin | Colombia | 3,242,000 |
| 166 | Rome | Italy | 3,239,000 |
| 167 | Varanasi | India | 3,229,000 |
| 168 | Gujranwala | Pakistan | 3,218,000 |
| 169 | Tampa-St. Petersburg | United States | 3,203,000 |
| 170 | Lusaka | Zambia | 3,202,000 |
| 171 | Guayaquil | Ecuador | 3,183,000 |
| 172 | Ouagadougou | Burkina Faso | 3,181,000 |
| 173 | Damascus | Syria | 3,155,000 |
| 174 | San Diego | United States | 3,078,000 |
| 175 | Orlando | United States | 3,075,000 |
| 176 | Kozhikode | India | 3,049,000 |
| 177 | Brisbane-Gold Coast | Australia | 3,039,000 |
| 178 | Rotterdam-Hague | Netherlands | 3,027,000 |
| 179 | Tel Aviv | Israel | 3,006,000 |
| 180 | Baku | Azerbaijan | 3,002,000 |
| 181 | Kyiv | Ukraine | 3,001,000 |
| 182 | Ad-Dammam | Saudi Arabia | 2,994,000 |
| 183 | Lanzhou | China | 2,977,000 |
| 184 | Charlotte | United States | 2,879,000 |
| 185 | Curitiba | Brazil | 2,873,000 |
| 186 | Cleveland | United States | 2,871,000 |
| 187 | Brazzaville | Republic of the Congo | 2,860,000 |
| 188 | Aleppo | Syria | 2,859,000 |
| 189 | Thiruvananthapuram | India | 2,851,000 |
| 190 | Lisbon | Portugal | 2,832,000 |
| 191 | Minneapolis-St. Paul | United States | 2,796,000 |
| 192 | Campinas | Brazil | 2,789,000 |
| 193 | Hyderabad | Pakistan | 2,789,000 |
| 194 | Multan | Pakistan | 2,783,000 |
| 195 | Conakry | Guinea | 2,781,000 |
| 196 | Quito | Ecuador | 2,778,000 |
| 197 | Zhangjiaggang | China | 2,770,000 |
| 198 | Guatemala City | Guatemala | 2,765,000 |
| 199 | Lubumbashi | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2,750,000 |
| 200 | Agra | India | 2,737,000 |

## Definitions

Presently, urban data are based on arbitrary definitions that vary from country to country and from year or census to the next, making them difficult to compare. An Urban Metric System (UMS) has been conceived that could correct the problem, since it allows computing the urban area limits and central points, and it can be applied in the same way to all past, present and future population and job distributions. It is based on vector field calculations obtained by assuming that, in a given space, all inhabitants and jobs exert the same attractive force A and repulsive force R. The net force (A - R) exerted by each inhabitant or job is given by [1/(1 + d)] - [1/( β + d/2)], where d = distance and β is the only parameter. UMS distinguishes the following types of urban areas, each type corresponding to a given value of β:
| | Urban area | Distance at which the attractive force = the repulsive force | Value of β |
| 1 | Central city | 10 km | 6 |
| 2 | Agglomeration | 20 km | 11 |
| 3 | Metropolis | 40 km | 21 |
| 4 | Patropolis | 80 km | 41 |
| 5 | Megalopolis | 160 km | 81 |
| 6 | Urban system | 320 km | 161 |
| 7 | Urban macrosystem | 640 km | 321 |
| 8 | Continental system | 1,280 km | 641 |
| 9 | Intercontinental system | 2,560 km | 1,281 |
| 10 | World system | 5,120 km | 2,561 |
UMS has been applied to some Canadian cases since 2018, but the data presented in this article are still based on the various existing national definitions, which are disparate.
   The UN publishes data on cities, urban areas and rural areas, but relies almost entirely on national definitions of these areas. The UN principles and recommendations state that due to different characteristics of urban and rural areas across the globe, a global definition is not possible.
European countries define urbanized areas on the basis of urban-type land use, not allowing any gaps of typically more than 200 metres (220 yd), and use satellite imagery instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area. In less-developed countries, in addition to land use and density requirements, a requirement that a large majority of the population, typically 75%, is not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing is sometimes used.

## By region
### East Asia
#### China

Since 2000, China's cities have expanded at an average rate of 10% annually. It is estimated that China's urban population will increase by 292 million people by 2050, when its cities will house a combined population of over one billion. The country's urbanization rate increased from 17.4% to 46.6% between 1978 and 2009. Between 150 and 200 million migrant workers work part-time in the major cities, returning home to the countryside periodically with their earnings.
China has more cities with one million or more long-term residents than any other country, including the three global cities of Beijing, Hong Kong, and Shanghai; by 2025, the country will be home to 221 cities with over a million inhabitants. The figures in the table below are from the 2008 census, and are only estimates of the urban populations within administrative city limits; a different ranking exists when considering the total municipal populations (which includes suburban and rural populations). The large "floating populations" of migrant workers make conducting censuses in urban areas difficult; the figures below include only long-term residents.
vte Largest cities or municipalities in China China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2020 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population :
| | Rank | Name | Province | Pop. | Rank | Name | Province | Pop. | |
| Shanghai Beijing | 1 | Shanghai | SH | 24,281,400 | 11 | Hong Kong | HK | 7,448,900 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 2 | Beijing | BJ | 19,164,000 | 12 | Zhengzhou | HA | 7,179,400 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 3 | Guangzhou | GD | 13,858,700 | 13 | Nanjing | JS | 6,823,500 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 4 | Shenzhen | GD | 13,438,800 | 14 | Xi'an | SN | 6,642,100 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 5 | Tianjin | TJ | 11,744,400 | 15 | Jinan | SD | 6,409,600 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 6 | Chongqing | CQ | 11,488,000 | 16 | Shenyang | LN | 5,900,000 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 7 | Dongguan | GD | 9,752,500 | 17 | Qingdao | SD | 5,501,400 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 8 | Chengdu | SC | 8,875,600 | 18 | Harbin | HL | 5,054,500 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 9 | Wuhan | HB | 8,652,900 | 19 | Hefei | AH | 4,750,100 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
| Shanghai Beijing | 10 | Hangzhou | ZJ | 8,109,000 | 20 | Changchun | JL | 4,730,900 | Guangzhou Shenzhen |
* ↑ Population of Hong Kong as of 2018 estimate
* ↑ The data of Chongqing in the list is the data of "Metropolitan Developed Economic Area", which contains two parts: "City Proper" and "Metropolitan Area". The "City proper" are consist of 9 districts: Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nan'an, Beibei, Yubei, & Banan, has the urban population of 5,646,300 as of 2018. And the "Metropolitan Area" are consist of 12 districts: Fuling, Changshou, Jiangjin, Hechuan, Yongchuan, Nanchuan, Qijiang, Dazu, Bishan, Tongliang, Tongnan, & Rongchang, has the urban population of 5,841,700. Total urban population of all 26 districts of Chongqing are up to 15,076,600.

#### Japan

In Japan, urbanized areas are defined as contiguous areas of densely inhabited districts (DIDs) using census enumeration districts as units with a density requirement of 4,000 inhabitants per square kilometre (10,000/sq mi).

#### South Korea

Seoul is the largest urban area in South Korea.

#### Taiwan

Greater Taipei is the largest urban area in Taiwan.
vte Largest cities or towns in Taiwan source :
| | Rank | Name | Administrative division | Pop. | Rank | Name | Administrative division | Pop. | |
| New Taipei Taichung | 1 | New Taipei | New Taipei | 4,004,367 | 11 | Zhubei City | Hsinchu County | 210,754 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 2 | Taichung | Taichung | 2,819,798 | 12 | Pingtung City | Pingtung County | 194,096 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 3 | Kaohsiung | Kaohsiung | 2,731,635 | 13 | Yuanlin City | Changhua County | 122,518 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 4 | Taipei | Taipei | 2,488,043 | 14 | Douliu City | Yunlin County | 107,928 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 5 | Taoyuan City | Taoyuan City | 2,286,942 | 15 | Toufen | Miaoli County | 105,513 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 6 | Tainan | Tainan | 1,855,092 | 16 | Taitung City | Taitung County | 103,323 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 7 | Hsinchu City | Hsinchu | 452,928 | 17 | Hualien City | Hualien County | 99,579 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 8 | Keelung | Keelung | 361,891 | 18 | Nantou City | Nantou County | 97,403 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 9 | Chiayi City | Chiayi | 263,188 | 19 | Caotun | Nantou County | 96,778 | Kaohsiung Taipei |
| New Taipei Taichung | 10 | Changhua City | Changhua County | 226,744 | 20 | Zhudong | Hsinchu County | 96,464 | Kaohsiung Taipei |

### South Asia
#### India

For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is a place having a minimum population of 5,000 of density 400 persons per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi) or higher, and 75% plus of the male working population employed in non-agricultural activities. Places administered by a municipal corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee are automatically considered urban areas.
The Census of India 2011 also defined the term "urban agglomeration" as an integrated urban area consisting of a core town together with its "outgrowths" (contiguous suburbs).

#### Pakistan

In Pakistan, an area is a major city and municipality if it has more than 100,000 inhabitants according to census results. Cities include adjacent cantonments. Urbanisation in Pakistan has increased since the time of independence and has several different causes. The majority of southern Pakistan's population lives along the Indus River. Karachi is its most populous city. In the northern half of the country, most of the population lives in an arc formed by the cities of Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan and Peshawar. During 1990–2008, city dwellers made up 36% of Pakistan's population, making it the most urbanised nation in South Asia. Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis live in towns of 5,000 people or more. Karachi is the most populated city in Pakistan closely followed by Lahore according to the 2017 Census.

#### Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, there are total 532 urban areas, which are divided into three categories. Those are City Corporation, Municipal Corporation (Pourasova) and Upazila town. Among those urban areas, Dhaka is the largest city by population and area, with a population of 19.10 million. In Bangladesh, there are total 11 City Corporations and 329 Municipal Corporations and 203 Small towns, which serves as the center for Upazilas. According to 2011 population census, Bangladesh has an urban population of 28%, with a growth rate of 2.8%. At this growth rate, it is estimated that the urban population of Bangladesh will reach 79 million or 42% of total population by 2035.

### Southeast Asia
#### Philippines

In 2020, 54 percent of the Philippine population lived in urban areas. With an estimated population of 16.3 million, Metro Manila is the most populous metropolitan area in the Philippines and the 11th in the world. However, the greater urban area is the 5th largest in the world with a population of 20,654,307 people (2010 estimate).

#### Singapore

As an island city-state, about 5.6 million people live and work within 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi). With 64 islands and islets, Singapore Island makes up the largest urban area in the country. According to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the country has the highest urbanised population in Southeast Asia, with 100 percent of its population living in an urban area. The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is responsible for the urban land-use planning, which designates land use and urban density of the country. The country is divided into 5 regions for planning purposes by the URA, even though as a city state Singapore is defined as a single continuous urban area. It is further subdivided into 55 urban planning areas, which acts as the boundaries of planned towns within the country.

#### Vietnam

In Vietnam, there are six types of urban areas:
* Special urban area (2 municipalities): Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
* Type I urban area (18 provincial cities and 3 municipalities): Long Xuyên, Pleiku, Mỹ Tho, Thủ Dầu Một, Bắc Ninh, Biên Hòa, Hải Dương, Thanh Hóa, Hạ Long, Việt Trì, Thái Nguyên, Nam Định, Vũng Tàu, Buôn Ma Thuột, Đà Lạt, Quy Nhơn, Nha Trang, Huế, Vinh, Cần Thơ, Đà Nẵng and Hải Phòng.
* Type II urban area (21 provincial cities and 1 district):Châu Đốc, Đồng Hới, Uông Bí, Bắc Giang, Ninh Bình, Bạc Liêu, Bà Rịa, Thái Bình, Rạch Giá, Cà Mau, Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, Tuy Hòa, Phan Thiết, Vĩnh Yên, Lào Cai and Phú Quốc.
* Type III urban area (31 provincial cities and 12 towns).
* Type IV urban area (35 towns and 35 townships).
* Type V urban area (586 townships and 54 communes).

#### Thailand

Bangkok is the largest urban area in Thailand.

### Europe
#### Finland

As in other Nordic countries, an urban area (taajama in Finnish) in Finland must have a building at least every 200 m (660 ft) and at least 200 people. To be considered a town or a city (kaupunki) for statistical purposes, an urban area must have at least 15,000 people. This is not to be confused with the city / town designation used by municipalities.

#### France

In France, an urban area (Fr: aire d'attraction d'une ville) is a zone encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (unité urbaine) – close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt (couronne). Americans would find the INSEE definition of the urban area to be similar to their metropolitan area.
The largest cities in France, in terms of urban area population (2017), are Paris (12,628,266), Lyon (2,323,221), Marseille (1,760,653), Toulouse (1,360,829), Bordeaux (1,247,977), Lille (1,191,117), Nice (1,006,201), Nantes (972,828), Strasbourg (790,087) and Rennes (733,320).

#### Germany

Germany has a number of large cities. The largest conurbation is the Rhine-Ruhr region (11 million in 2008), including Düsseldorf (the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia), Cologne, Bonn, Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, and Bochum.
vte Largest urban agglomerations in Germany Federal Statistical Office of Germany (31 December 2022) :
| | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 1 | Rhine-Ruhr | North Rhine-Westphalia | 11,199,073 | 11 | Chemnitz | Saxony | 867,051 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 2 | Berlin | Berlin | 4,661,925 | 12 | Hanover | Lower Saxony | 807,181 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 3 | Rhine-Main | Hesse | 3,200,201 | 13 | Dresden | Saxony | 799,317 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 4 | Stuttgart | Baden-Württemberg | 3,044,428 | 14 | Saar | Saarland | 762,791 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 5 | Munich | Bavaria | 2,415,964 | 15 | Bremen | Bremen | 668,074 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 6 | Hamburg | Hamburg | 2,399,250 | 16 | Aachen | North Rhine-Westphalia | 663,371 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 7 | Rhine-Neckar | Baden-Württemberg | 1,426,056 | 17 | Karlsruhe | Baden-Württemberg | 612,031 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 8 | Nuremberg | Bavaria | 1,247,309 | 18 | Augsburg | Bavaria | 554,118 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 9 | Leipzig | Saxony | 1,068,429 | 19 | Freiburg im Breisgau | Baden-Württemberg | 339,767 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |
| Rhine-Ruhr Berlin | 10 | Bielefeld | North Rhine-Westphalia | 941,933 | 20 | Kassel | Hesse | 335,358 | Rhine-Main Stuttgart |

#### Netherlands

The Netherlands is the 30th-most densely populated country in the world, with 404.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,048/sq mi)—or 497 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,287/sq mi) if only the land area is counted. The Randstad is the country's largest conurbation located in the west of the country and contains the four largest cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. The Randstad has a population of 7 million inhabitants and is the 6th largest metropolitan area in Europe.

#### Norway

Norway defines urban areas ("tettsteder") similarly to the other Nordic countries. Unlike in Denmark and Sweden, the distance between each building has to be of less than 50 m, although exceptions are made due to parks, industrial areas, rivers, and similar. Groups of houses less than 400 m from the main body of an urban area are included in the urban area.

#### Poland

In Poland, official "urban" population figures simply refer to those localities which have the status of towns (miasta). The "rural" population is that of all areas outside the boundaries of these towns. This distinction may give a misleading impression in some cases, since some localities with only village status may have acquired larger and denser populations than many many smaller towns with most excessive example of Poznań, most spread urban area of the country with population of the city app. 534 thousand and metropolitan area around 1 million inhabitants. On the other hand, the Katowice urban area with numerous large and medium cities covers 1,468 km and has above 2 million people. The metropolitan areas in Poland are the biggest urban zones (e.g. Katowice metropolitan area, Łódź metropolitan area and Szczecin metropolitan area) and have great impact on the rural surroundings, as it is around Lublin, Radom, Kielce, Tarnów and Białystok.

#### Russia

Moscow, the capital and largest city of Russia, has a population estimated at 12.4 million residents within the city limits, while over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 20 million residents in the Moscow Metropolitan Area. It is among the world's largest cities, being the most populous city entirely within Europe, the most populous urban area in Europe, the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, and also the largest city by land area on the European continent. Saint Petersburg, the cultural capital, is the second-largest city, with a population of roughly 5.4 million inhabitants. Other major urban areas are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Chelyabinsk.
vte Largest cities or towns in Russia 2024 estimate :
| | Rank | Name | Federal subject | Pop. | Rank | Name | Federal subject | Pop. | |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 1 | Moscow | Moscow | 13,149,803 | 11 | Rostov-on-Don | Rostov Oblast | 1,140,487 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 2 | Saint Petersburg | Saint Petersburg | 5,597,763 | 12 | Krasnodar | Krasnodar Krai | 1,138,654 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 3 | Novosibirsk | Novosibirsk Oblast | 1,633,851 | 13 | Omsk | Omsk Oblast | 1,104,485 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 4 | Yekaterinburg | Sverdlovsk Oblast | 1,536,183 | 14 | Voronezh | Voronezh Oblast | 1,046,425 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 5 | Kazan | Tatarstan | 1,318,604 | 15 | Perm | Perm Krai | 1,026,908 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 6 | Krasnoyarsk | Krasnoyarsk Krai | 1,205,473 | 16 | Volgograd | Volgograd Oblast | 1,018,898 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 7 | Nizhny Novgorod | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast | 1,204,985 | 17 | Saratov | Saratov Oblast | 887,365 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 8 | Chelyabinsk | Chelyabinsk Oblast | 1,177,058 | 18 | Tyumen | Tyumen Oblast | 861,098 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 9 | Ufa | Bashkortostan | 1,163,304 | 19 | Tolyatti | Samara Oblast | 667,956 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |
| Moscow Saint Petersburg | 10 | Samara | Samara Oblast | 1,158,952 | 20 | Makhachkala | Dagestan | 622,091 | Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg |

#### Spain

Spain is a very highly urbanized country. Madrid is its largest urban area. The Southern and Eastern coasts with Barcelona, Valencia and Málaga are more urbanised than the Northern and Western ones.

#### Sweden

Urban areas in Sweden (tätorter) are statistically defined localities, totally independent of the administrative subdivision of the country. There are 1,956 such localities in Sweden, with a population ranging from 200 to 1,372,000 inhabitants.

#### United Kingdom

In 2013 the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics (ONS) published 2011 Built-up Areas – Methodology and Guidance which sets out its definition of a Built-up area (BUA) as an area of built-up land of at least 20 hectares (0.077 sq mi), separated from other settlements by at least 200 metres (660 ft). For 2011 census data there are 5,493 built-up areas, of which 501 are divided into Built-up area sub-divisions (BUASD) for which data is also available. Each built-up area is named algorithmically, using Ordnance Survey place-name data.
The ONS has produced census results from urban areas since 1951, since 1981 based upon the extent of irreversible urban development indicated on Ordnance Survey maps. The definition is an extent of at least 20 ha and at least 1,500 census residents. Separate areas are linked if less than 200 m (220 yd) apart. Included are transportation features. The UK has five Urban Areas with a population over a million and a further sixty nine with a population over one hundred thousand.
vte Largest urban areas of the United Kingdom (England and Wales: 2011 census built-up area; Scotland: 2016 estimates settlement; Northern Ireland: 2001 census urban area) :
| Rank | Urban area | Pop. | Principal settlement | Rank | Urban area | Pop. | Principal settlement |
| 1 | Greater London | 9,787,426 | London | 11 | Bristol | 617,280 | Bristol |
| 2 | Greater Manchester | 2,553,379 | Manchester | 12 | Edinburgh | 512,150 | Edinburgh |
| 3 | West Midlands | 2,440,986 | Birmingham | 13 | Leicester | 508,916 | Leicester |
| 4 | West Yorkshire | 1,777,934 | Leeds | 14 | Belfast | 483,418 | Belfast |
| 5 | Greater Glasgow | 985,290 | Glasgow | 15 | Brighton & Hove | 474,485 | Brighton |
| 6 | Liverpool | 864,122 | Liverpool | 16 | South East Dorset | 466,266 | Bournemouth |
| 7 | South Hampshire | 855,569 | Southampton | 17 | Cardiff | 390,214 | Cardiff |
| 8 | Tyneside | 774,891 | Newcastle upon Tyne | 18 | Teesside | 376,633 | Middlesbrough |
| 9 | Nottingham | 729,977 | Nottingham | 19 | Stoke-on-Trent | 372,775 | Stoke-on-Trent |
| 10 | Sheffield | 685,368 | Sheffield | 20 | Coventry | 359,262 | Coventry |

### Oceania
#### Australia

The Australian Bureau of Statistics refers to urban areas as Urban Centres, which it generally defines as population clusters of 1,000 or more people. Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with more than 50% of the population residing in Australia's three biggest urban centres.
vte Largest populated areas in Australia 2021 data from Australian Bureau of Statistics :
| | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | |
| Sydney Melbourne | 1 | Sydney | NSW | 5,259,764 | 11 | Geelong | Vic | 289,400 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 2 | Melbourne | Vic | 4,976,157 | 12 | Hobart | Tas | 251,047 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 3 | Brisbane | Qld | 2,568,927 | 13 | Townsville | Qld | 181,665 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 4 | Perth | WA | 2,192,229 | 14 | Cairns | Qld | 155,638 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 5 | Adelaide | SA | 1,402,393 | 15 | Darwin | NT | 148,801 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 6 | Gold Coast–Tweed Heads | Qld/NSW | 706,673 | 16 | Toowoomba | Qld | 143,994 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 7 | Newcastle–Maitland | NSW | 509,894 | 17 | Ballarat | Vic | 111,702 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 8 | Canberra–Queanbeyan | ACT/NSW | 482,250 | 18 | Bendigo | Vic | 102,899 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 9 | Sunshine Coast | Qld | 355,631 | 19 | Albury-Wodonga | NSW/Vic | 97,676 | Brisbane Perth |
| Sydney Melbourne | 10 | Wollongong | NSW | 305,880 | 20 | Launceston | Tas | 93,332 | Brisbane Perth |

#### New Zealand

Statistics New Zealand defines urban areas in New Zealand, which are independent of any administrative subdivisions and have no legal basis. There are four classes of urban area: major urban areas (population 100,000+), large urban areas (population 30,000–99,999), medium urban areas (population 10,000–29,999) and small urban areas (population 1,000–9,999). As of 2021, there are 7 major urban areas, 13 large urban areas, 22 medium urban areas and 136 small urban areas. Urban areas are reclassified after each New Zealand census, so population changes between censuses does not change an urban area's classification.
vte Largest cities or towns in New Zealand Statistics New Zealand June 2024 estimate (SSGA18 boundaries) :
| | Rank | Name | Region | Pop. | Rank | Name | Region | Pop. | |
| Auckland Christchurch | 1 | Auckland | Auckland | 1,531,400 | 11 | Porirua | Wellington | 60,600 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 2 | Christchurch | Canterbury | 403,300 | 12 | New Plymouth | Taranaki | 60,100 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 3 | Wellington | Wellington | 214,200 | 13 | Rotorua | Bay of Plenty | 58,800 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 4 | Hamilton | Waikato | 192,000 | 14 | Whangārei | Northland | 56,800 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 5 | Tauranga | Bay of Plenty | 162,800 | 15 | Nelson | Nelson | 51,300 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 6 | Lower Hutt | Wellington | 114,500 | 16 | Hastings | Hawke's Bay | 52,200 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 7 | Dunedin | Otago | 106,700 | 17 | Invercargill | Southland | 51,700 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 8 | Palmerston North | Manawatū-Whanganui | 83,100 | 18 | Upper Hutt | Wellington | 45,000 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 9 | Napier | Hawke's Bay | 67,500 | 19 | Whanganui | Manawatū-Whanganui | 42,500 | Wellington Hamilton |
| Auckland Christchurch | 10 | Hibiscus Coast | Auckland | 67,800 | 20 | Gisborne | Gisborne | 38,800 | Wellington Hamilton |

### North America
#### Canada

According to Statistics Canada, an urban area in Canada is an area with a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi). If two or more urban areas are within 2 km (1.2 mi) of each other by road, they are merged into a single urban area, provided they do not cross census metropolitan area or census agglomeration boundaries.
In the Canada 2011 Census, Statistics Canada redesignated urban areas with the new term "population centre"; the new term was chosen in order to better reflect the fact that urban vs. rural is not a strict division, but rather a continuum within which several distinct settlement patterns may exist. For example, a community may fit a strictly statistical definition of an urban area, but may not be commonly thought of as "urban" because it has a smaller population, or functions socially and economically as a suburb of another urban area rather than as a self-contained urban entity, or is geographically remote from other urban communities. Accordingly, the new definition set out three distinct types of population centres: small (population 1,000 to 29,999), medium (population 30,000 to 99,999) and large (population 100,000 or greater). Despite the change in terminology, however, the demographic definition of a population centre remains unchanged from that of an urban area: a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per km$^2$.
vte Largest metropolitan areas in Canada 2021 Canadian census :
| Rank | Name | Province | Pop. | Rank | Name | Province | Pop. |
| 1 | Toronto | Ontario | 6,202,225 | 11 | London | Ontario | 543,551 |
| 2 | Montreal | Quebec | 4,291,732 | 12 | Halifax | Nova Scotia | 465,703 |
| 3 | Vancouver | British Columbia | 2,642,825 | 13 | Niagara Region | Ontario | 433,604 |
| 4 | Ottawa–Gatineau | Ontario–Quebec | 1,488,307 | 14 | Windsor | Ontario | 422,630 |
| 5 | Calgary | Alberta | 1,481,806 | 15 | Oshawa | Ontario | 415,311 |
| 6 | Edmonton | Alberta | 1,418,118 | 16 | Victoria | British Columbia | 397,237 |
| 7 | Quebec City | Quebec | 839,311 | 17 | Saskatoon | Saskatchewan | 317,480 |
| 8 | Winnipeg | Manitoba | 834,678 | 18 | Regina | Saskatchewan | 249,217 |
| 9 | Hamilton | Ontario | 785,184 | 19 | Sherbrooke | Quebec | 227,398 |
| 10 | Waterloo Region | Ontario | 575,847 | 20 | Kelowna | British Columbia | 222,162 |

#### Mexico

Mexico is one of many countries where the urbanization rate is at least 80%. Mexico City, its capital, is the largest urban area in the country.

#### United States

In the United States, the Census Bureau defines urban areas and delineates urban area boundaries after each census. The Bureau defines an urban area as "a statistical geographic entity consisting of a densely settled core created from census blocks and contiguous qualifying territory that together have at least 2,000 housing units or 5,000 persons." There were 2,646 urban areas identified by the Census Bureau for 2020. 511 of these had a population of 50,000 or more.
For the 2000 and 2010 censuses, the Census Bureau differentiated between two kinds of urban areas: urbanized areas and urban clusters. The term urbanized area denoted an urban area of 50,000 or more people. Urban areas under 50,000 people were called urban clusters. Urbanized areas were first delineated in the United States in the 1950 census, while urban clusters were added in the 2000 census. The distinction between urbanized areas and urban clusters was removed for the 2020 census.
Urban areas consist of a densely-settled urban core, plus surrounding developed areas that meet certain density criteria. Since urban areas are composed of census blocks and not cities, counties, or county-equivalents, urban area boundaries may consist of partial areas of these political units. Urban areas are distinguished from rural areas: any area not part of an urban area is considered to be rural by the Census Bureau.
The largest urban area in the United States is that of New York City and its surrounding suburbs. The New York–Jersey City–Newark, NY–NJ urban area had a population of 19,426,449 as of 2020, while the larger metropolitan area had a population of 20,140,470, and the combined statistical area had a population of 23,582,649. The next five largest urban areas in the U.S. are those of Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Houston, and Dallas. 80.0 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of an urban area as of the 2020 census.
* Riverside Church
* Time Warner Center
* 220 Central Park South
* Central Park Tower
* One57
* 432 Park Avenue
* 53W53
* Chrysler Building
* Bank of America Tower
* Conde Nast Building
* The New York Times Building
* Empire State Building
* Manhattan West
* a: 55 Hudson Yards, b: 35 Hudson Yards, c: 10 Hudson Yards, d: 15 Hudson Yards
* 56 Leonard Street
* 8 Spruce Street
* Woolworth Building
* 70 Pine Street
* 30 Park Place
* 40 Wall Street
* Three World Trade Center
* Four World Trade Center
* One World Trade Center
The concept of Urbanized Areas as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau is often used as a more accurate gauge of the size of a city, since in different cities and states the lines between city borders and the urbanized area of that city are often not the same. For example, the city of Greenville, South Carolina has a city population just over 68,000 and an urbanized area population of around 400,000, while Greensboro, North Carolina has a city population just over 285,000 and an urbanized area population of around 300,000 — meaning that Greenville is actually "larger" for some intents and purposes, but not for others, such as taxation, local elections, etc.
In the U.S. Department of Agriculture's natural resources inventory, urban areas are officially known as developed areas or urban and built-up areas. Such areas include cities, ethnic villages, other built-up areas of more than 10 ac (4 ha), industrial sites, railroad yards, cemeteries, airports, golf courses, shooting ranges, institutional and public administration sites, and similar areas. The 1997 national resources inventory placed over 98,000,000 ac (40,000,000 ha) in this category, an increase of 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha) since 1982.

### South America
#### Argentina

Argentina is highly urbanized. The ten largest metropolitan areas account for half of the population, and fewer than one in ten live in rural areas. About 3 million people live in Buenos Aires City and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area totals around 15 million, making it one of the largest urban areas in the world, with a population of 18 million all up.
Córdoba has around 1.5 million people living in the urban area, while Rosario, Mendoza and Tucumán have around 1.2 million inhabitants each and La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta and Santa Fe have at least 500,000 people each.

#### Brazil

vte Largest urban agglomerations in Brazil 2017 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics estimates :
| | Rank | Name | State | Pop. | Rank | Name | State | Pop. |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 1 | São Paulo | São Paulo | 21,314,716 | 11 | Belém | Pará | 2,157,180 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 2 | Rio de Janeiro | Rio de Janeiro | 12,389,775 | 12 | Manaus | Amazonas | 2,130,264 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 3 | Belo Horizonte | Minas Gerais | 5,142,260 | 13 | Campinas | São Paulo | 2,105,600 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 4 | Recife | Pernambuco | 4,021,641 | 14 | Vitória | Espírito Santo | 1,837,047 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 5 | Brasília | Federal District | 3,986,425 | 15 | Baixada Santista | São Paulo | 1,702,343 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 6 | Porto Alegre | Rio Grande do Sul | 3,894,232 | 16 | São José dos Campos | São Paulo | 1,572,943 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 7 | Salvador | Bahia | 3,863,154 | 17 | São Luís | Maranhão | 1,421,569 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 8 | Fortaleza | Ceará | 3,594,924 | 18 | Natal | Rio Grande do Norte | 1,349,743 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 9 | Curitiba | Paraná | 3,387,985 | 19 | Maceió | Alagoas | 1,231,965 |
| São Paulo Rio de Janeiro | 10 | Goiânia | Goiás | 2,347,557 | 20 | João Pessoa | Paraíba | 1,168,941 |

#### Chile

Chile is highly urbanized. The largest urban area in the country is its capital, Santiago.