OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Scott-Elliot

Major General James Scott-Elliot, CB, CBE, DSO & Bar (6 November 1902 – 12 September 1996) was a senior British Army officer.

## Military career

Educated at Wellington College, Berkshire, and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Scott-Elliot was commissioned into the King's Own Scottish Borderers on 1 February 1923. He transferred to the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in 1935 and attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1937 to 1938. After this, he served as a General Staff Officer Grade 3 (GSO3) with Scottish Command.
Scott-Elliot was deployed to France with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at the start of the Second World War as a brigade major with the 51st (Highland) Division's 154th Infantry Brigade. After being evacuated from France in June 1940, he became commanding officer of the 6th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in April 1942 and landed with his battalion in North Africa after Operation Torch in December 1942. He went on to serve as commander of the 17th Indian Infantry Brigade and then as commander of the 167th (1st London) Brigade in Italy during the Italian campaign. His brigade was the first unit to cross the River Po on the route north through Italy.
After the war, Scott-Elliot commanded the 13th Infantry Brigade during most of 1947 before becoming Deputy Director of Military Training at the War Office in 1948, Deputy Commander of the 51st (Highland) Division in 1950 and then General Officer Commanding the 51st (Highland) Division in November 1952. He retired from the army in March 1956.
Scott-Elliot served as colonel of the King's Own Scottish Borderers from 1954 to 1961, and as Lord Lieutenant of Dumfries from 1962 to 1967.
Scott-Elliot was appointed a Officer of the Order of the British Empire for distinguished services in the field in October 1940, and promoted to Commander of the Order (CBE) for gallant and distinguished services in Italy in 1945. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in November 1943 and a bar in February 1944, He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1954 New Year Honours.

## Other interests

Scott-Elliot became President of the Dumfries & Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, as well as President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland between 1962 and 1967. He was also well-known for his interest in dowsing. He was the president of the British Society of Dowsers and in 1977 he wrote a book on the topic, "Dowsing: One Man's Way."

## Family

In 1932 Scott-Elliot married Cecil Margaret Du Buisson; they had one son and two daughters. After being divorced from his first wife, he married Fay Courtauld in 1971.

## Works

* Scott-Elliot, James (1977). Dowsing: One Man's Way. The Book Service. ISBN 978-0859780254.
# De Saussure (disambiguation)

Saussure, de Saussure or DeSaussure may refer to:
* 13580 de Saussure, an asteroid
* Collège de Saussure, Lancy, Switzerland
* Saussure (crater), a lunar crater
* Saussure (surname)
# European Culture and Economy

European Culture and Economy, shortened as ECUE, is an interdisciplinary postgraduate program that is distinct from European Studies. Both focus on European politics and developments. After receiving the academic degree Master of Arts, graduates of ECUE may engage in various business fields, however, especially EU-related professions are targeted.

## History

The Ruhr University Bochum in Germany is currently the only university to offer European Culture and Economy as a path of study. It is a small branch, approximately 30 students are accepted each year. It was first introduced in the winter term of 1999/2000 and has since become an established Mastersprogram. Initially, ECUE was a way of giving arts scholars a fundamental understanding of economics, politics and intercultural competences. In its early stages, the program was supported financially by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) as well as German Rectors' Conference (HRK). In 2007, its level of quality was confirmed by ACQUIN, a German Quality Assurance Institute. Students of ECUE are intended to qualify as specialized generalist and be prepared for careers in international companies and institutions. The expected duration of study is four terms.

## Curriculum

The curriculum puts an emphasis on examining the European area from an economic, cultural, political and sociological perspective. During Colloquia and an obligatory excursion (to Brussels), the interrelations of the disciplines are linked and investigated. Additionally, the students' intercultural competences and research methods are trained.
Seminars of the following disciplines are included in the program:
* Law
* Economics
* History
* Political science
* Sociology
* Cultural studies
* Philosophy
The interdisciplinary and intercultural approach teaches students to analyze European topics from a cultural, economical and political angle. Next to interdisciplinary, ECUE stresses international relations. Many of the available places are assigned to foreign students. So far, students of 30 different nations (Africa, U.S.A., Asia, many European countries) were able to successfully complete the program.

## Admission

To be granted admission to the program, a very good to excellent Bachelor's degree is required. Furthermore, students must possess a good proficiency in the teaching languages, English and German. Further, a term abroad or an internship are possible ways to organize the program.

## References and notes

* ↑ "Informationen zur Hochschule".
* ↑ http://www.nordrheinwestfalendirekt.de/broschuerenservice/download/173/auslandserfahrung.pdf p.76
* ↑ "ACQUIN Akkreditierungsagentur". Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
* ↑ "Ecue » Home". Archived from the original on 2009-05-20. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
* ↑ Handbuch Europa in NRW (p. 59,60)
* von Alemann; Münch (2006) Handbuch Europa in NRW - Wer macht was in NRW für Europa (p. 59,60)
Additional sources (in German)
* Fokus Online
* Kulturportal Deutschland
Translated versions:
* Translated: Kulturportal Deutschland
* Translated: Fokus Online
# Gauhati Commerce College

Gauhati Commerce College is located at R.G. Barooah Road in Guwahati, Assam. It is a government college affiliated with the Department Of Commerce of Gauhati University in Assam. It was founded in early of 1962 by the government of Assam.
# 47th Japan Record Awards

The 47th Annual Japan Record Awards took place at the New National Theatre in Shibuya, Tokyo, on December 31, 2005, starting at 6:00PM JST. The primary ceremonies were televised in Japan on TBS.

## Awards winners

* Japan Record Award:
** Kumi Koda for Butterfly
* Best Vocalist:
** Kaori Mizumori
* Best New Artist:
** AAA
* Best Album:
** Ketsumeishi for Ketsunopolis4
# Maulana Salahuddin Ayyubi

Maulana Salahuddin Ayyubi is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 till August 2023.

## Political career

He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Constituency NA-263 (Killa Abdullah) as a candidate of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# John Johnson Jr.

John Johnson Jr. (August 8, 1798 – October 4, 1856) was an American politician who was the last Chancellor of Maryland, serving in that office from to 1846 to 1851.

## Early life

Born in Annapolis, Maryland, Johnson was the son of John Johnson Sr. (a prominent attorney who also served as Chancellor of Maryland) and Deborah Johnson. His older brother was Reverdy Johnson (1796–1876), who married Mary Mackall Bowie (1801–1873), the sister of Thomas Fielder Bowie.

## Career

As a young man, he clerked in a mercantile house in Baltimore, and after attending St. John's College for short period, he decided in 1813 to move to New Orleans and embark on a career as a merchant. However, he was unsuccessful in business, and found that the southern climate taxed his health, and therefore decided to return to Maryland to enter the legal profession. He read law under the supervision of his brother, Reverdy, and was admitted to the bar in 1820 or 1821. He then practiced in Upper Marlborough, despite periodic health problems, until he was appointed Clerk of the Court of Appeals, in Annapolis, in 1829. He was well regarded in that office, from which he resigned in the fall of 1836 to return to practice, primarily before the Courts of Chancery and Appeals at Annapolis.
He was also elected to represent Anne Arundel County in the Maryland House of Delegates, during a period of financial crisis in the state. He was named Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and was noted to have worked tirelessly to address the crisis. He was not reelected, and a subsequent candidacy for the State Senate also failed, leaving Johnson to return to his legal practice. Upon the death of Chancellor Bland in 1846, Johnson was appointed to succeed him as Chancellor of Maryland, despite reservations from friends and family about the effects that the work might have on Johnson's health. Johnson served in that office until it was abolished by adoption of the New Constitution of the State in 1851, thus making him the last of the Chancellors. Johnson returned to private practice for several more years until his death.
Throughout his legal career, Johnson maintained an interest in the welfare of St. John's college, advocating for it before the legislature and the public. He delivered at least one address to the alumni, and actively served on the board of visitors and governors.

## Personal life

Johnson was married to Mary Tyler (1804–1858). Together, they were the parents of several children, including:
* Mary Tyler Johnson (1833–1854)
* John Johnson III (1835–1912), who married Ellen Armistead Hemsley (1836–1904), a descendant of William Hemsley, in 1860.
* Flora Johnson Todd (1845-1933), the wife of Navy officer Henry D. Todd and mother of Army officer Henry D. Todd Jr.
In 1856, his health quickly deteriorated, leading to his death on October 4, 1856.
# 2014 J.League Cup

The 2014 J.League Cup, also known as the 2014 J.League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup for sponsoring purposes, was the 39th edition of the most prestigious Japanese soccer league cup tournament and the 22nd edition under the current J.League Cup format.

## Format

Teams from the J.League Division 1 took part in the tournament. Cerezo Osaka, Sanfrecce Hiroshima, Yokohama F. Marinos and Kawasaki Frontale were given a bye to the quarter-finals due to qualification in the 2014 AFC Champions League. The remaining 14 teams started from the group stage, where they were divided into two groups of seven. The group winners and the runners-up of each group qualified for the quarter-final along with the four teams which qualified for the AFC Champions League.

## Group stage
### Results

All times are JST (UTC+9)

#### Group B
## Knock-out stage

All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| Urawa Red Diamonds | Urawa Red Diamonds | 0 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Sanfrecce Hiroshima | Sanfrecce Hiroshima | 0 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Sanfrecce Hiroshima | Sanfrecce Hiroshima | 0 | 2 | 2 | Sanfrecce Hiroshima | Sanfrecce Hiroshima | 2 | 1 | 3 | | | |
| | | | | | Kashiwa Reysol | Kashiwa Reysol | 0 | 2 | 2 | | | |
| Kashiwa Reysol | Kashiwa Reysol | 2 | 3 | 5 | Kashiwa Reysol | Kashiwa Reysol | 0 | 2 | 2 | | | |
| Yokohama F. Marinos | Yokohama F. Marinos | 1 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| Yokohama F. Marinos | Yokohama F. Marinos | 1 | 1 | 2 | | | | | | Sanfrecce Hiroshima | Sanfrecce Hiroshima | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | Gamba Osaka | Gamba Osaka | 3 |
| Kawasaki Frontale | Kawasaki Frontale | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | | | | | | | Gamba Osaka | Gamba Osaka | 3 |
| Cerezo Osaka | Cerezo Osaka | 1 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| Cerezo Osaka | Cerezo Osaka | 1 | 3 | 4 | Kawasaki Frontale | Kawasaki Frontale | 1 | 3 | 4 | | | |
| | | | | | Gamba Osaka | Gamba Osaka | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | |
| Gamba Osaka | Gamba Osaka | 1 | 3 | 4 | Gamba Osaka | Gamba Osaka | 3 | 2 | 5 | | | |
| Vissel Kobe | Vissel Kobe | 1 | 0 | 1 | | | | | | | | |

### Quarter-finals
#### Second leg

2-2 on aggregate. Sanfrecce Hiroshima won on away goals
Kashiwa Reysol won 5–2 on aggregate.
Kawasaki Frontale won 5–4 on aggregate.
Gamba Osaka won 4–1 on aggregate.

### Semi-finals
#### Second leg

Sanfrecce Hiroshima won 3–2 on aggregate.
Gamba Osaka won 5-4 on aggregate.

### Final
## Goalscorers

| Rank | Scorer | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Cristiano | Ventforet Kofu | 6 |
| T2 | Edu | FC Tokyo | 4 |
| T2 | Masato Kudo | Kashiwa Reysol | 4 |
| T2 | Leandro | Kashiwa Reysol | 4 |
| T2 | Milivoje Novaković | Shimizu S-Pulse | 4 |
| T2 | Takashi Usami | Gamba Osaka | 4 |
| T7 | Tadanari Lee | Urawa Red Diamonds | 3 |
| T7 | Musashi Suzuki | Albirex Niigata | 3 |
| T7 | Junya Tanaka | Kashiwa Reysol | 3 |
| T7 | Marcus Tulio Tanaka | Nagoya Grampus | 3 |
Updated to games played on 7 September 2014 Names of players in bold are still active. Source:
# Ruan Renato

Ruan Renato Bonifácio Augusto (born 14 January 1994), known as Ruan Renato, is a Brazilian football player who plays as a defender for Zira.

## Club career

Renato made his Campeonato Gaúcho debut for Juventude on 3 February 2016 in a game against Lajeadense.
On 5 August 2021, Renato signed for Azerbaijan Premier League club Gabala.
On 24 June 2023, Zira announced the signing of Renato to a two-year contract.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 3 June 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gabala | 2021–22 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 26 | 2 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 31 | 2 |
| Gabala | 2022–23 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 33 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 41 | 2 |
| Gabala | Total | Total | 59 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 72 | 4 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 59 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 72 | 4 |
# King's College London Boat Club

King's College London Boat Club is the rowing club of King's College London based on the Tideway of the River Thames next to Chiswick Bridge, based at Tideway Scullers School boathouse, Dan Mason Drive, Chiswick, London, England. In addition to competing in the Henley Royal Regatta and Head of the River Race, the club also takes part in the United Hospitals competitions which involves all London medical schools. The fleet of boats is stored at the boathouse belonging to the Tideway Scullers School.

## History

The club incorporates Guy's Hospital and St Thomas' Hospital which itself merged to become GKT and then the United Medical and Dental School (UMDS) before merging with King's.
In 1841 the club formed the King's College Boat Club Regatta.
In 1933 the club participated in an annual match against University College (Southampton).
In 1946, the club won the prestigious Wyfold Challenge Cup at the Henley Regatta.

## Honours
### Henley Royal Regatta

| Year | Winning crew |
| 1946 | Wyfold Challenge Cup |
| 1960 | Wyfold Challenge Cup (As St Thomas' Hospital) |
# Rat Islands

51°47′17″N 178°18′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.78806°N 178.30278°E﻿ / 51.78806; 178.30278
The Rat Islands (Aleut: Qax̂um tanangis,) are a group of American volcanic islands in the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska, between Buldir Island and the Near Islands group to its west, and Amchitka Pass and the Andreanof Islands group to its east. The islands in the group are, from west to east, Kiska, Little Kiska, Segula, Hawadax or Kryssei, Khvostof, Davidof, Little Sitkin, Amchitka, and Semisopochnoi. The total land area of the Rat Islands is 360.849 sq mi (934.594 km$^2$). None of the islands are inhabited at present, but Amchitka Island was an Aleut territory until the end of the eighteenth century.
The name Rat Islands is the English translation of the name given to the islands by Captain Fyodor Petrovich Litke in 1827 when he visited the Aleutian Islands on a voyage around the world. The islands are named so because rats were accidentally introduced to Hawadax Island (formerly known as Rat Island) in about 1780. As of 2009, after a government-funded eradication program, Rat Island is believed to be rat-free; it was renamed Hawadax Island in 2012. However, a post-operation assessment found that many of the island's local bird populations were negatively impacted—there was a far higher-than-expected nontarget mortality. An internal U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement investigation revealed that several laws may have been violated.
The Rat Islands are earthquake-prone as they are located on the boundary of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates. The 1965 Rat Islands earthquake was one of the largest in recorded history with a magnitude of 8.7.
# Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax

Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax, of Hethersett in the County of Norfolk, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 10 July 1957 for the businessman and public servant Harold Mackintosh, 1st Baron Mackintosh of Halifax. He was the owner of the confectionery business of John Mackintosh & Sons Ltd and for many years Chairman of the National Savings Committee. Mackintosh had already been created a baronet, of Halifax in the West Riding of the County of York, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 28 January 1935, and Baron Mackintosh of Halifax, of Hethersett in the County of Norfolk, on 6 February 1948, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. As of 2023 the titles are held by his grandson, the third Viscount, who succeeded his father in 1980.

## Mackintosh baronets, of Halifax (1935)

* Harold Vincent Mackintosh, 1st Baronet (1891–1964) (created Baron Mackintosh of Halifax in 1948)

### Baron Mackintosh of Halifax (1948)

* Harold Vincent Mackintosh, 1st Baron Mackintosh of Halifax (1891–1964) (created Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax in 1957)

### Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax (1957)

* Harold Vincent Mackintosh, 1st Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax (1891–1964)
* John Mackintosh, 2nd Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax (1921–1980)
* John Clive Mackintosh, 3rd Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax (b. 1958)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. Thomas Harold George Mackintosh (b. 1985). The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son, Milo Edward Mackintosh (b. 2020).

## Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax :
* CrestUpon a rock Proper charged with two roses Argent barbed and seeded a cat sejant also Proper.
* EscutcheonOr on a chevron between two lions rampant in chief and a lymphad in base Sable a bezant charged with a representation of the head of St John the Baptist Proper between two hearts of the field.
* SupportersOn either side a squirrel Proper about the neck a cord and pendent therefrom a purse both Or.
* MottoBy Faith And By Work.

## Line of succession

* Harold Vincent Mackintosh, 1st Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax (1891–1964)
** John Mackintosh, 2nd Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax (1921–1980)
*** (John) Clive Mackintosh, 3rd Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax (b. 1958)
**** (1) Hon. Thomas Harold George Mackintosh (b. 1985)
***** (2) Milo Edward Mackintosh (b. 2020)
**** (3) Hon. George John Frank Mackintosh (b. 1988)
*** (4) Hon. Graham Charles Mackintosh (b. 1964)
**** (5) Matthew Joseph Mackintosh (b. 1997)
**** (6) John Ashford Mackintosh (b. 2000)
**** (7) Robert Charles Mackintosh (b. 2004)
# St Anne's College Boat Club

St Anne's College Boat Club (SABC) is a rowing club for members of St Anne's College, Oxford. It is based on the Isis at Boathouse Island, Christ Church Meadow, Oxford, Oxford.

## History

Originally the boat club was restricted to an allocated space within the St John's College boathouse. In 1985 new boathouse plans were submitted with the help of a major donation from Peter de Savary. The boathouse was subsequently built in 1989/90, on a plot next to many other University boathouses on Boathouse Island. Current president is Tom Lavis. The boathouse building is in three sections and shared with Wadham College Boat Club and St Hugh's Boat Club with St Annes's in the centre section.
# Pidiyum kozhiyum

Pidiyum Kozhiyum is a traditional food item of St. Thomas Christians in Kerala. It is a kind of dish which can be both used in Breakfast or Dinner. Term 'Pidi' stands for a whitish semi-liquid dish with small boiled balls of finely powdered rice. Term 'Kozhi' in 'Pidiyum Kozhiyum' stands for chicken curry, which is prepared with traditional ingredients. This dish is often considered as a healthy food item due to its richness in fibers, proteins and carbohydrates.
It has some similarities with Italian Gnocchi, in preparation and texture. Instead of wheat and potato to make pidi just use rice flour and cumin for flavor.

## Origin

Its origin dates back to the knanaya people, who according to tradition, arrived in Kerala around AD345. 'Pidiyum Kozhiyum' is a symbolic dish that represents the 'Manna' and 'Quaill' that Yahweh provided to Israelites in the desert, during their journey from Egypt to the Promised Land. The dish in those days was expensive and was exclusively prepared for special occasions or more commonly in the houses of wealthy families. That was because its ingredients were too expensive. This dish is influenced by the dish 'Kozhikkotta' or 'Panchara Unda' or 'Chakkara Unda'.

## Religious importance

'Pidiyum Kozhiyum is blessed and served as a part of a religious ceremony, 'Panthrandu Sleehanmaarude Nercha' or the ' to Twelve Apostles', a traditional ceremony related to Syrian Orthodox Christians, Syrian Jacobite Christians and Syro Malabar Christians in which blessed food is served to twelve boy children under the age of 15. Those twelve boy children denotes the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. Piravom (A Christian traditional town in eranakulam Kottayam districts border) is very famous for this dish and this nercha.

## Present status

During the early years of independence, Christian community in Kerala underwent a lot of changes; both social and cultural. Christians here were largely influenced by the West in their way of dressing, language, food, marriage ceremonies etc. Many of the traditional values that were passed by the older generations were lost or neglected. 'Pidiyum Kozhiyum' was not an exception. It lost its elegance and become rarely served in Christian Functions. But later, as a part of cultural renovation, it is made in the families for many functions like marriages, religious ceremonies, festivals etc.