# Sidney Toler

Sidney Toler (born Hooper G. Toler Jr., April 28, 1874 – February 12, 1947) was an American actor, playwright, and theatre director. The second European-American actor to play the role of Charlie Chan on screen, he is best remembered for his portrayal of the Chinese-American detective in 22 films made between 1938 and 1946. Before becoming Chan, Toler played supporting roles in 50 motion pictures, and was a highly regarded comic actor on the Broadway stage.

## Early life and career

Hooper G. Toler Jr., who was called Sidney Toler from childhood, was born April 28, 1874, in Warrensburg, Missouri. The Toler family moved to Anthony, Kansas in the 1880s, then to Wichita, Kansas. He showed an early interest in the theater, acting in an amateur production of Tom Sawyer at the age of seven. He left the University of Kansas and became a professional actor in 1892, playing the heavy in a performance of a melodrama called The Master Man in Kansas City. In 1894, he joined the Corse Payton company and toured for four years. His success in leading roles at the Lee Avenue Academy in Brooklyn brought an invitation to join the company of Julia Marlowe. He toured with her for two years, playing the Duke of Buckingham in When Knighthood Was in Flower.
In Brooklyn, Toler played leads with the Columbia Theatre Stock Company and sang baritone with the Orpheum Theatre's operatic stock company. In 1903, he made his Broadway debut in the musical comedy, The Office Boy.
Over the next nine years, Toler had his own theatre companies in Portland, Maine, and Halifax, Nova Scotia—at one point having 12 stock companies on the road. He began a prolific career as a playwright, writing The Belle of Richmond, The Dancing Master, The House on the Sands, and more than 70 other plays. One particular success was a war play called The Man They Left Behind, which was presented by 67 companies in a period of three months and by 18 different companies in a single week.
In 1921, Paramount Pictures released two films based on Toler's plays: The Bait, adapted from The Tiger Lady, and A Heart to Let, based on Agatha's Aunt, which Toler adapted from a novel by Harriet Lummis Smith. Three of his plays reached Broadway: Golden Days (1921), which starred Helen Hayes, The Exile (1923), and Ritzy (1930).
Toler earned fame as an actor on the Broadway stage, working for David Belasco for 14 years. He was best known for his comedy roles, from the detective-butler in On the Hiring Line (1919)—a performance that The New York Times called "one of the comedy high spots of the week"—to Cool Kelly the iceman in It's a Wise Child (1929–30).
In 1929, Toler made his first film, Madame X, and in 1931, after the Boston run of It's a Wise Child, he moved to Hollywood. He played supporting roles in films for various studios, including White Shoulders (1931), Tom Brown of Culver (1932), Blonde Venus (1932), The Phantom President (1932), Speak Easily (1932),The World Changes (1933), Spitfire (1934), Operator 13 (1934), The Call of the Wild (1935), Three Godfathers (1936), The Gorgeous Hussy (1936), Double Wedding (1937), The Mysterious Rider (1938), and Law of the Pampas (1939).

## Charlie Chan series

Since 1931 Twentieth Century-Fox had been producing very successful detective mysteries featuring the Oriental sleuth Charlie Chan. They became vehicles for character actor Warner Oland, who starred in these pictures until his death on August 6, 1938. The studio then began the search for a new Charlie Chan. Thirty-four actors were tested before the studio decided on Toler. Twentieth Century-Fox announced its choice on October 16, 1938, and filming began October 24 on Charlie Chan in Honolulu, which had been originally scripted for Warner Oland and Keye Luke.
Toler's interpretation of the Chinese detective in Charlie Chan in Honolulu was very well received. Box Office Digest: "Charlie Chan is in safe hands. Charlie will go marching on to cheerful tunes in the person of Sidney Toler. It isn't an imitation Warner Oland characterization that Toler delivers, but it is a thoroughly satisfying, neatly shaded Charlie Chan." Independent Exhibitors Film Bulletin: "As for Toler, he does a superlative job. He has sensibly formulated his own characterization, a lighter, more affable and less formal Charlie Chan. We think audiences will accept him." Motion Picture Herald: "[The preview was] attended by top-ranking executives, the most sought-after reviewers and commentators, and invited guests... quite a few of these strangers to Chan went into ecstasies."
Besides Toler, another change was made in the series. Now that Warner Oland was gone, Keye Luke was no longer interested in playing Number One Son Lee. Replacing him was Sen Yung as Number Two Son, Jimmy. Toler's Chan, rather than merely mimicking the character that Oland had portrayed, had a somewhat sharper edge that was well suited for the rapid changes of the times, both political and cultural. When needed, Charlie Chan now displayed overt sarcasm, usually toward his son Jimmy.
Through four years and 11 films, Toler played Charlie Chan for Twentieth Century-Fox. Unlike Warner Oland, however, Toler was still considered a featured player and never received "star" billing for his performances. Now the film title always came first, followed by "with Sidney Toler". In 1942, after the completion of Castle in the Desert, Fox concluded the series. The wartime collapse of the international film market may have been a factor, but the main reason was that Fox was curtailing virtually all of its low-budget series. Fox's other "B" series — Jane Withers, Michael Shayne, and The Cisco Kid — also ended that year. Only Laurel and Hardy remained in Fox's "B" unit, until it shut down at the end of 1944.
Sidney Toler returned to the ranks of freelance character actors, and worked in three feature films and a serial. But Charlie Chan was Toler's most successful and profitable role, and the enterprising actor tried to find a way to return Chan to the screen. He bought the screen rights to the Charlie Chan character from Eleanor Biggers Cole, the widow of Chan's creator, Earl Derr Biggers. Toler hoped that if he could find someone to produce new Charlie Chan films, starring himself, Fox would distribute them. Fox declined, having already dropped the series, but Toler sold the idea to Monogram Pictures, a lower-budget film studio. Philip N. Krasne, a Hollywood lawyer who invested in film productions, partnered with James S. Burkett to produce the Monogram Chans.
With the release of Charlie Chan in the Secret Service (1944), the effects of a more limited budget were apparent. Production values were no match for those of Fox; Monogram's budgets were typically about 40% of what Fox's had been. In fairness to Monogram, the new Toler films continued to please exhibitors and moviegoers, with The Chinese Cat, The Shanghai Cobra, and Dark Alibi often cited as favorites by fans. Cast changes were again made: Sen Yung left Hollywood to serve in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II, ultimately earning the rank of captain. Yung's Number Two Son Jimmy was replaced by Benson Fong as Number Three Son Tommy (and once by Number Four Son Eddie -- Edwin Luke, real-life brother of Number One Son Keye Luke). Mantan Moreland played the ever-present and popular Birmingham Brown, who brought comedy relief (and African American audiences) to the series. Monogram's Charlie Chan films were profitable and successful; they boasted tricky screenplays with many surprise culprits and murder devices, and frequent appearances by "name" character actors.

## Later years

After 1943 Sidney Toler was playing Charlie Chan exclusively, except for a single instance in 1945. The Fred Allen comedy It's in the Bag! cast Toler as a plainclothes detective who speaks without prepositions -- like Charlie Chan.
By the end of 1946, age and illness were affecting Toler. Diagnosed with cancer, the 72-year-old Toler was so ill during the filming of Dangerous Money (1946) and Shadows Over Chinatown (1946) that he could hardly walk. Monogram hired Toler's original foil, "Number Two Son" Sen Yung (now billed as Victor Sen Young) for Toler's last three films, quite probably to ease the burden on Toler; the comic byplay of Young and Moreland relieved Toler of much of the action. According to Mantan Moreland, Toler gallantly refused to leave the series: "Mr. Toler couldn't stand for very long and had to rest a lot. I told him he should be in a hospital. And he said to me, 'Manny, if I quit the picture I'll put all these people out of work.'" Toler mustered enough strength to complete his last film, The Trap. The film was scripted and staged with Toler's fragile physical condition in mind: Toler's scenes are limited, and he doesn't make his entrance until 16 minutes into the picture. The Trap was filmed in July and August of 1946, and released in November that same year to mostly negative reviews, noting the film's patchwork construction. Trade publisher Pete Harrison was blunt: "A new low for the series. The picture does not have one redeeming feature." Toler, no longer able to work in pictures, was forced into retirement. His Monogram output matched his Fox output: 11 films for each studio.

## Personal life

On August 29, 1906, Toler married actress Vivian Marston (born Josephine Gasper) of Boston, Massachusetts. She died in Hollywood on October 7, 1943, after an illness of seven months. Four weeks later, he married sculptor Vera Tattersall Orkow, a British-born actress credited as Viva Tattersall when Toler and she performed together and co-wrote the plays Dress Parade (1929) and Ritzy (1930). Their marriage lasted until Toler's death.
Sidney Toler died on February 12, 1947, at his home in Los Angeles from intestinal cancer. He is buried at Highland Cemetery, Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kansas, USA. Monogram continued the Charlie Chan series with actor Roland Winters, who appeared in six Chan features.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1929 | Madame X | Merivel | |
| 1929 | The Gay Nineties; or, The Unfaithful Husband | | Vitaphone Varieties release 811$^{:37}$ |
| 1929 | In the Nick of Time | | Vitaphone Varieties release 897–898$^{:45}$ |
| 1930 | The Devil's Parade | | Vitaphone Varieties release 992$^{:52}$ |
| 1931 | White Shoulders | William Sothern | |
| 1931 | Strictly Dishonorable | Mulligan | |
| 1932 | Strangers in Love | Detective McPhail | |
| 1932 | Radio Patrol | Tom Koegh | |
| 1932 | Is My Face Red? | Tony Mugatti | |
| 1932 | Tom Brown of Culver | Major Wharton | |
| 1932 | Speak Easily | Stage director | |
| 1932 | Blondie of the Follies | Pete | |
| 1932 | Blonde Venus | Detective Wilson | |
| 1932 | The Phantom President | Aikenhead | |
| 1932 | Over the Counter | Mr. Drake | Short film |
| 1932 | He Learned About Women | Wilson | |
| 1933 | The Billion Dollar Scandal | Carter B. Moore | |
| 1933 | King of the Jungle | Neil Forbes | |
| 1933 | The Narrow Corner | | |
| 1933 | The Way to Love | Pierre | |
| 1933 | The World Changes | Hodgens | |
| 1934 | Massacre | Thomas Shanks | |
| 1934 | Dark Hazard | John Bright | |
| 1934 | Spitfire | Jim Sawyer | |
| 1934 | Registered Nurse | Frankie Sylvestrie | |
| 1934 | The Trumpet Blows | Pepe Sancho | |
| 1934 | Upperworld | Moran | |
| 1934 | Operator 13 | Major Allan Pinkerton | |
| 1934 | Here Comes the Groom | Lieutenant Detective Weaver | |
| 1935 | Romance in Manhattan | Sergeant Duffy | |
| 1935 | The Daring Young Man | Warden Palmer | |
| 1935 | Champagne for Breakfast | Judge | |
| 1935 | Orchids to You | Nick Corsini | |
| 1935 | The Call of the Wild | Joe Groggins | |
| 1935 | This Is the Life | Professor Lafcadio F. Breckenridge | |
| 1936 | Three Godfathers | Professor Snape | |
| 1936 | Give Us This Night | 1st Carabiniere | |
| 1936 | The Gorgeous Hussy | Daniel Webster | |
| 1936 | Our Relations | Ship's captain | |
| 1936 | The Longest Night | Captain Holt | |
| 1937 | That Certain Woman | Detective Neely | |
| 1937 | Double Wedding | Keogh | |
| 1938 | Gold Is Where You Find It | Harrison McCooey | |
| 1938 | Wide Open Faces | Sheriff | |
| 1938 | One Wild Night | Lawton | |
| 1938 | The Mysterious Rider | Frosty Kilburn | |
| 1938 | If I Were King | Robin Turgis | |
| 1938 | Up the River | Jeffrey Mitchell | |
| 1938 | Charlie Chan in Honolulu | Charlie Chan | |
| 1939 | Disbarred | G. L. "Mardy" Mardeen | |
| 1939 | King of Chinatown | Dr. Chang Ling | |
| 1939 | The Kid from Kokomo | Judge Bronson | |
| 1939 | Charlie Chan in Reno | Charlie Chan | |
| 1939 | Heritage of the Desert | Nosey | |
| 1939 | Charlie Chan at Treasure Island | Charlie Chan | |
| 1939 | Law of the Pampas | Fernando Ramiriez | |
| 1939 | City in Darkness | Charlie Chan | |
| 1940 | Charlie Chan in Panama | Charlie Chan | |
| 1940 | Charlie Chan's Murder Cruise | Charlie Chan | |
| 1940 | Charlie Chan at the Wax Museum | Charlie Chan | |
| 1940 | Murder Over New York | Charlie Chan | |
| 1941 | Dead Men Tell | Charlie Chan | |
| 1941 | Charlie Chan in Rio | Charlie Chan | |
| 1942 | Castle in the Desert | Charlie Chan | |
| 1942 | A Night to Remember | Inspector Hankins | |
| 1943 | The Adventures of Smilin' Jack | General Kai Ling | Serial |
| 1943 | Isle of Forgotten Sins | Krogan | |
| 1943 | White Savage | Wong | |
| 1944 | Charlie Chan in the Secret Service | Charlie Chan | |
| 1944 | The Chinese Cat | Charlie Chan | |
| 1944 | Black Magic | Charlie Chan | |
| 1945 | The Jade Mask | Charlie Chan | |
| 1945 | It's in the Bag! | Detective Sully | |
| 1945 | The Scarlet Clue | Charlie Chan | |
| 1945 | The Shanghai Cobra | Charlie Chan | |
| 1946 | The Red Dragon | Charlie Chan | |
| 1946 | Dark Alibi | Charlie Chan | |
| 1946 | Shadows Over Chinatown | Charlie Chan | |
| 1946 | Dangerous Money | Charlie Chan | |
| 1946 | The Trap | Charlie Chan | (final performance) |