OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joe Strummer & the Mescaleros: The Hellcat Years

Joe Strummer & the Mescaleros: The Hellcat Years is a MP3 digital download album consisting of the entire remastered catalog of music that was recorded by Joe Strummer & the Mescaleros during their tenure with Hellcat Records from 1999 to 2003.
The 57 song set was released to celebrate what would have been Strummer's 60th birthday. The set features all three of the group's studio albums along with various B-sides and the entire November 2002 concert titled Live at Acton Town Hall which features one of Strummer's final performances before his death a month later.

## Track listing
### Rock Art & The X-Ray Style

* "Tony Adams"
* "Sandpaper Blues"
* "X-Ray Style"
* "Techno D-Day"
* "The Road to Rock 'n' Roll"
* "Nitcomb"
* "Diggin' the New"
* "Forbidden City"
* "Yalla Yalla"
* "Willesden to Cricklewood"

### Global a Go-Go

* "Johnny Appleseed"
* "Cool 'n' Out"
* "Global a Go-Go"
* "Bhindi Bhagee"
* "Gamma Ray"
* "Mega Bottle Ride"
* "Shaktar Donetsk"
* "Mondo Bongo"
* "Bummed Out City"
* "At the Border, Guy"
* "Minstrel Boy"

### Streetcore

* "Coma Girl"
* "Get Down Moses"
* "Long Shadow"
* "Arms Aloft"
* "Ramshackle Day Parade"
* "Redemption Song"
* "All in a Day"
* "Burnin' Streets"
* "Midnight Jam"
* "Silver and Gold"

### B-sides and outtakes

* "Time and the Tide" (b-side to "Yalla Yalla")
* "X-Ray Style" (Live Summer '99) (b-side to "Yalla Yalla")
* "Yalla Yalla" (Norro's King Dub) (b-side to "Yalla Yalla")
* "The Harder They Come" (live) (b-side to "Coma Girl")
* "Rudy, A Message to You" (live) (b-side to "Coma Girl")
* "Blitzkrieg Bop" (live) (b-side to "Coma Girl")
* "Yalla Yalla" (live) (b-side to "Coma Girl")
* "Armagideon Time" (live) (b-side to "Redemption Song")
* "Pressure Drop" (live) (b-side to "Redemption Song")
* "Junco Partner" (live) (from Give 'Em the Boot IV)

### Live at Acton Town Hall

* "Shaktar Donetsk"
* "Bhindee Bhagee"
* "Rudie Can't Fail"
* "Tony Adams"
* "(White Man) in Hammersmith Palais"
* "Mega Bottle Ride"
* "Get Down Moses"
* "Police and Thieves"
* "Cool 'N' Out"
* "Police on My Back"
* "Johnny Appleseed"
* "Coma Girl"
* "I Fought the Law"
* "Bankrobber" (featuring Mick Jones)
* "White Riot" (featuring Mick Jones)
* "London's Burning" (featuring Mick Jones)
# Paul Mannion

Paul Mannion (born 25 May 1993) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for the Kilmacud Crokes club and, since 2013, at senior level for the Dublin county team.
He transferred to Donegal Boston in 2022.

## Personal

He studied International Commerce and Chinese in UCD. As part of his studies he spent a year living in China studying Mandarin Chinese. His year spent living abroad meant that he was not part of Dublin's All-Ireland win in 2015.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 12 May 2024
| Team | Season | National League | National League | National League | Leinster | Leinster | All-Ireland | All-Ireland | Total | Total |
| Team | Season | Division | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score |
| Dublin | 2013 | Division 1 | 6 | 1-19 | 3 | 2-06 | 3 | 1-00 | 12 | 4-25 |
| Dublin | 2014 | Division 1 | 2 | 0-02 | 3 | 0-03 | 1 | 0-00 | 6 | 0-05 |
| Dublin | 2015 | Division 1 | 0 | 0-00 | 0 | 0-00 | 0 | 0-00 | 0 | 0-00 |
| Dublin | 2016 | Division 1 | 5 | 0-04 | 3 | 0-01 | 4 | 1-01 | 12 | 1-06 |
| Dublin | 2017 | Division 1 | 6 | 1-03 | 3 | 0-10 | 3 | 0-07 | 12 | 1-20 |
| Dublin | 2018 | Division 1 | 3 | 0-02 | 3 | 1-04 | 4 | 1-05 | 10 | 2-11 |
| Dublin | 2019 | Division 1 | | | 3 | 0-12 | 5 | 0-16 | 8 | 0-28 |
| Dublin | 2020 | Division 1 | | | 2 | 0-01 | 2 | 0-01 | 4 | 0-02 |
| Dublin | 2021 | Division 1 | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| Dublin | 2022 | Division 1 | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP | DNP |
| Dublin | 2023 | Division 2 | 2 | 1-01 | 3 | 1-07 | 6 | 0-13 | 11 | 2-21 |
| Dublin | 2024 | | | | 3 | 1-10 | | | 3 | 1-10 |
| Total | Total | Total | 24 | 3-31 | 26 | 5-54 | 28 | 3-43 | 78 | 11-131 |

## Honours

* Leinster Minor Football Championship (1): 2011
* Leinster Under-21 Football Championship (2): 2012, 2014
* All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship (2): 2012, 2014
* National Football League (4): 2013, 2014, 2016, 2018
* Leinster Senior Football Championship (8): 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2023, 2024
* All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (7): 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2023
* All Stars (3): 2017, 2018, 2019
* All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final Man of the Match (1): 2023
* The Sunday Game Team of the Year (1): 2023
# Jaskółki, Ostrów Wielkopolski County

Jaskółki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raszków, within Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Raszków, 6 km (4 mi) north-east of Ostrów Wielkopolski, and 98 km (61 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Richard de la Vache

Sir Richard de la Vache, KG (d.1366) was an English knight of Buckinghamshire belonging to the Delavache family.
The Delavache family, often claimed to be of Gascon descent from Buckinghamshire, but were more likely Norman and the name was only found in Gascony belonging to a merchant, referenced in the Calendar Patent Roles, 1330-1334, called John del La Vacarie, with no evidence of a connection to the Buckinghamshire family.
Richard was first mentioned fighting at the Siege of Calais 1345-6. In 1347, Richard was summoned by Edward III and arrived with one man-at-arms and two archers for a new campaign in France. In 1356 he became Knight of the Garter upon the death of John de Lisle. In 1358, Richard was steward of the forest of Sherwood. In 1361 he was appointed constable of the Tower of London for life and was succeeded by Sir Alan Buxhull, a fellow Knight of the Garter. In 1362 and 1364 he received letters of safe conduct for travel to the continent, probably to participate in military campaigns.
Richard's son, Sir Philip, was also a Knight of the Garter.
# Vurës language

Vurës (Vureas, Vures) is an Oceanic language spoken in the southern area of Vanua Lava Island, in the Banks Islands of northern Vanuatu, by about 2000 speakers.
Vurës was described by linguist Catriona Malau, in the form of a grammar and a dictionary.

## Name

The name Vurës is named after the bay located in southwestern Vanua Lava in the language itself. In Mota, the bay is referred to as Vureas. Cognates in other Torres-Banks languages include Mwotlap Vuyes and Mwesen Vures. These come from a reconstructed Proto-Torres–Banks form *βureas(i,u), with an unknown final high vowel.

## Dialectology

Vurës shows enough similarities with the neighbouring language Mwesen that the two have sometimes been considered dialects of a single language, sometimes called Mosina (after the name of Mwesen village in the language Mota). And indeed, a 2018 glottometric study has calculated that Vurës and Mwesen share 85% of their historical innovations, revealing a long history of shared development between these two lects.
However, studies have shown that Mwesen and Vurës have various dissimilarities, e.g. in their vowel systems, in their noun articles, in their pronoun paradigms — enough to be considered clearly distinct.

## Phonology
### Consonants

| | | Labial- velar | Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
| Plosive | voiceless | k͡pʷ ⟨q⟩ | | t̪ ⟨t⟩ | | k ⟨k⟩ | (ʔ) |
| Plosive | prenasal | | ᵐb ⟨b⟩ | ⁿd̪ ⟨d⟩ | | | |
| Nasal | Nasal | ŋ͡mʷ ⟨m̄⟩ | m ⟨m⟩ | | n ⟨n⟩ | ŋ ⟨n̄⟩ | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | β ⟨v⟩ | | s ⟨s⟩ | ɣ ⟨g⟩ | |
| Liquid | rhotic | | | | r ⟨r⟩ | | |
| Liquid | lateral | | | | l ⟨l⟩ | | |
| Semivowel | Semivowel | w ⟨w⟩ | | | | | |
* /r/ is also heard as a tap [ɾ] in free variation.
* A glottal stop /ʔ/ only rarely occurs in some words.
* /β/ is heard as [p̚] before a voiceless stop.
* /k͡pʷ/ is heard as [k͡p] when preceding another consonant.
* Stop sounds /t̪ k/ are aspirated [t̪ʰ kʰ] before vowels.

### Vowels

Vurës has 9 phonemic vowels. These are all short monophthongs /i e ɛ a œ ø y ɔ o/:
Vurës vowels :
| | Front | Front | Back |
| | plain | round | Back |
| Close | i ⟨i⟩ | y ⟨u⟩ | (ʊ) ⟨u⟩ |
| Close-mid | e ⟨ē⟩ | ø ⟨ö⟩ | o ⟨ō⟩ |
| Open-mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | œ ⟨ë⟩ | ɔ ⟨o⟩ |
| Open | a ⟨a⟩ | a ⟨a⟩ | a ⟨a⟩ |
* [ʊ] is only a marginal sound that occurs in a small amount of words, mostly borrowings.
* The vowel inventory also includes a diphthong [i​͡a] ⟨ia⟩.

## Sample text

La masawre i no no gö mörös nana qan̄ris o qiat, nana qēs o ralēt, qēs lēt lēt qēt, na van me, na sēs o um. Na sēs qēt o um, nana le o ralēt, na tuwegev. No mö tuwegev kal qēt, nana bun kēl o vet ni van lē m̄ēkē qan̄ris, bun bun qēt o vet, mē qēt na ukëg o ev ni ës ti.
'When I want to bake taro, I break up the firewood, break up all the firewood, then I come and I take the stones out of the oven. I take out all the stones from the oven, I get the firewood, and I make the fire. I build up the fire, then I put the stones back on top of the oven, I put all the stones back, then I leave the fire to smoke.'
# Edward J. Lakso

Edward Joseph Lakso (September 20, 1932 – May 23, 2009) was an American screenwriter, producer, and composer, known for his work on series such as Star Trek, Planet of the Apes, Charlie's Angels and Combat!. He is sometimes miscredited as Edward J. Lasko.

## Life and career

Lakso graduated from UCLA with a degree in music and taught briefly in the Los Angeles school district. While attending UCLA, he wrote the screenplay for Operation Dames, a Korean War drama about a USO troop trapped behind enemy lines shot in Topanga Canyon, California.
While serving in the United States Air Force he wrote a musical with Tommy Oliver (they would later work again on Watergate: the Musical).
Lakso co-wrote and scored The Immoral Mr. Teas, an early film by Russ Meyer, and scripted several other films, including The Broken Land (1962; the screen debut for Jack Nicholson), Gentle Giant (1967), and the blaxploitation film Brother on the Run (1973), which he co-directed with Herbert Stock.
Lakso is best known for his television work, writing Combat!, Star Trek, Planet of the Apes, Charlie's Angels, The Rockford Files, Name of the Game, Starsky & Hutch, Airwolf, The Fall Guy, and Hawaii Five-O. He also composed music for Charlie's Angels and Dr. Kildare. He was also the line producer on the Charlie's Angels episodic television show, following Barney Rosensweig's brief tenure in that job.
Lakso also wrote, produced and directed several musicals. In 1967, he spent a summer in West Yellowstone, writing and producing a melodrama at the Golden Garter Theatre. Later, Tom Piper, for which he wrote the book, music and lyrics was produced at the Goodspeed Opera House in East Haddam, Connecticut, and starred Harve Presnell, Watergate, the Musical written and produced with Tommy Oliver at the Alliance Theater in Atlanta Georgia which starred Gene Barry; and Vincent, the Musical staged at the Las Palmas theater in Hollywood with his wife, Lee Travis, who co-produced and designed the costumes.

## Family

Lakso and his first wife, his home-town sweetheart Ruth Louise (Laird) Lakso, married in 1953 and divorced in 1961. Together they had 2 children, both girls, one of whom worked with him in the 1970s, providing story lines for 9 episodes of Charlie's Angels (under the name "Laurie Lakso Beasley") when he was the line producer. In 1967, Ed married 29-year-old Diane H. Haggin, a model and actress. The marriage lasted until 1974. In 1985, he was married to 37-year-old writer-actress-producer Lee Travis.
Lakso died from complications of Parkinson's disease on May 23, 2009, at home in Beverly Hills.
# Tomás Mannion

Tomás Mannion (born 1 October 1969) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for the Galway county team.

## Playing career

Mannion first represented Galway at minor level. Mannion was at corner forward in the final of the 1986 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, scoring two goals in the win over Cork.
Mannion was a corner back on the Galway team that won the All-Ireland in 1998, beating Kildare. Mannion was named on the All Star team later that year. After retiring due to a back injury, missing the 2000 championship, Mannion returned to the Galway team for the 2001 season. Later that year, Mannion was at centre back for the All-Ireland final against Meath. Galway were nine-point winners, giving Mannion his second All-Ireland medal. Mannion retired from inter-county football after the 2002 season.

## Honours

Galway
* All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (2): 1998, 2001
* Connacht Senior Football Championship (3): 1995, 1998, 2002
* All-Ireland Minor Football Championship (1): 1986
* Connacht Minor Football Championship (1): 1986
Monivea Abbey
* Galway Senior Football Championship (1): 1992
Abbeyknockmoy
* Galway Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1988
Individual
* All Star Award (1): 1998
# Bill Monroe and Charlie Monroe

Bill Monroe and Charlie Monroe is a compilation album by American bluegrass musicians Bill Monroe and Charlie Monroe. Released by Decca Records on February 24, 1969, it features 12 songs recorded between 1951 and 1964 — five by Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys, six by Charlie Monroe and his Kentucky Pardners. All but one of the songs had previously been released as singles or B-sides, with the sole new track a 1964 recording of "Louisville Breakdown" by Bill and his band.

## Background

Decca continued its steady release of retrospective Bill Monroe compilations with 1969's Bill Monroe and Charlie Monroe, on which songs recorded for singles during the 1950s alternated with tracks by Monroe's brother Charlie and his band, the Kentucky Pardners. The sole previously unreleased track on the collection was "Louisville Breakdown", which Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys recorded in 1964.

## Track listing

Notes
* Tracks 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 were recorded by Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys
* Tracks 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 11 were recorded by Charlie Monroe and his Kentucky Pardners

## Personnel

Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys tracks
* Bill Monroe — mandolin, vocals (lead on track 1; tenor on 3, 8 and 10)
* Vernon "Jack" Cooke — guitar (track 1)
* Jimmy Martin — guitar and lead vocals (track 3)
* Claude "Jackie" Phelps — guitar (track 5)
* Edd Mayfield — guitar and lead vocals (track 8)
* Carter Stanley — guitar and lead vocals (track 10)
* Robert "Buddy" Pennington — banjo (track 1)
* Rudy Lyle — banjo (tracks 3 and 10), baritone vocals (track 10)
* Joe Stuart — banjo (track 5)
* James "Gar" Bowers — banjo (track 8)
* Bobby Hicks — fiddle (track 1)
* Merle "Red" Taylor — fiddle (track 3)
* Horace "Benny" Williams — fiddle (track 5)
* Norman "Buddy" Spicher — fiddle (track 5)
* Gordon Terry — fiddle (tracks 8 and 10), bass vocals (track 10)
* Bessie Lee Mauldin — string bass (tracks 1 and 5)
* Joel Price — string bass (track 3)
* Oscar "Shorty" Shehan — string bass (track 8)
* Howard "Cedric Rainwater" Watts — string bass (track 10)
Charlie Monroe and his Kentucky Pardners tracks
* Charlie Monroe — guitar, vocals
* Grady Martin — guitar
* Bob Foster — guitar (tracks 2 and 6)
* Harold Bradley — guitar (tracks 4, 7, 9 and 11)
* Don Helms — guitar (tracks 4, 7, 9 and 11)
* Jerry Rivers — fiddle (tracks 2 and 6)
* Tommy Jackson — fiddle (tracks 4, 7, 9 and 11)
* Ernie Newton — string bass (tracks 2 and 6)
* Bob Moore — string bass (tracks 4, 7, 9 and 11)
* Owen Bradley — piano (tracks 4, 7, 9 and 11)
# János Tóth (race walker)

János Tóth (born 15 April 1978) is a Hungarian racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# 2022 Sulaymaniyah gas tank explosion

On November 17, 2022, at 7:45 p.m. local time, an explosion in the city of Sulaymaniyah in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, destroyed three homes. Authorities attributed the explosion to a buildup of gas inside the house after the LPG liquid gas tank leaked which caused a fire in a residential area, killing and injuring dozens and destroying three houses and several vehicles. The local authorities said the explosion happened in a packed house in the Kaziwa neighborhood. They also said it resulted in the complete collapse of the property which trapped dozens under the rubble. Final death tolls were announced to be 15 deaths and a further 12 injuries. Six of the 12 injured victims were quickly admitted to Sulaymaniyah's Shar Hospital, with four undergoing emergency surgery and another placed in the intensive care unit.

## Reactions

The governor of Sulaymaniyah, Haval Abubakir, declared a state of mourning in the province for a period of one day for the souls of the victims of the explosion. Kurdistan Region president Nechirvan Barzani expressed his condolences in a tweet to the families of the dead and wished a speedy recovery for the injured. Kurdistan Region Interior Minister Reber Ahmed arrived at the scene to offer assistance to the victims, extend a hand of support, and express condolences on Prime Minister Masrour Barzani’s behalf. United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) described the incident as “horrific” while commending the rescuers “for their relentless efforts.” Nasser Kanaani, Spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran, extended a condolence message to the Iraqi government and people over the incident. He also sympathized with the families of the victims and wished a speedy recovery for the injured. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates of Jordan said it stands in "solidarity" with the government and people of Iraq, expressing its condolences to the families of the victims and wishing a speedy recovery for the injured.
# Charudatta Aphale

Charudatta Aphale (born early 1960s) is a kirtan performer, son of kirtan performer Govindswami Aphale. Govindswami was often referred to Aphale-buwa when he was active. And now Charudatta is referred to as Aphale-buwa, with Buwa being an honorific term. Aphale took his kirtan lessons from his parents and Pt. Sharad Gokhale, Pt. Padmakar Kulkarni, Mukundbuva Gokhale, Agashe Buva, Madhukar Khadilkar, Pt. Vijay Bakshi

## Career as actor in Sangeet Natak

He started acting in Marathi Sangit Nataks (musical plays) right from his school days. He has acted in several plays like Katyar Kaljat Ghusali, Shakuntal, Saubhadra, Sanshay Kallol, Matsyagandha, Lavani Bhulali Abhangala, Atun Kirtan varun Tamasha, Ithe Oshalala Mrutyu, To Mi Navhech etc.

## Family of Keertan-kaar-s

Charudatta Aphale completed B.A. with Marathi language as the principal subject; later he chose music as the main subject for his M.A. Charudatta Aphale's father, Govindswami Aphale, was among the foremost keertankaars of his day from 1950s to 1980s. Aphale has carried forward his family's tradition of Kirtan (a form of narration which combines spiritual and social messages with music). He has performed more than 5000 kirtans in 25 years. His kirtan performances have taken place not only in Maharashtra, but also in other states of India and even in U.S.A., Canada and Australia etc. He has also performed on several television and channels. His sister, Krantigeeta Mahabal, is also a noted keertan performer.
Charudatta Aphale's kirtans include topics like freedom fighters, religious kirtans, and kirtans on saints. This includes, Vasudev Balwant Phadke, Chaphekar Brothers, Rani Laxmibai, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose, Bhagat Singh, Shivaji, Sambhaji, Bajirao I etc.
Aphale also educates young students about historic tales and especially anecdotes from the lives of Marathi saints.

## Plays

| Plays - सादर केलेली नाटके | Character - भूमिका |
| Katyar kaljat Ghusali कट्यार काळजात घुसली | Yong Sadashiv/Chand/ Sadashiv, Khan Saheb छोटा सदाशिव/ चांद/ सदाशिव/ खा साहेब |
| Shakuntal शाकुंतल | King Dushyant राजा दुष्यंत |
| Soubhadra सौभद्र | Narad/Arjun/Krishna नारद/ अर्जुन/ कृष्ण |
| Sanshaykallol संशयकल्लोळ | Ashwin Seth अश्विन शेट |
| Manapman मानापमान | Dhairyadhar धैर्यधर |
| Kanhopatra कान्होपात्रा | Sant Chokhamela संत चोखामेळा |
| Vidyaharan विद्याहरण | Devguru Kach देवगुरु कच |
| Machygandha मत्स्यगंधा | Parashar पराशर |
| Lavani Bhulali Abhangala लावणी भुलली अभंगाला | Sant Nilobaray संत निळोबाराय |
| Aatun kirtan varun tamasha आतून कीर्तन वरून तमाशा | Haridasbuva हरिदासबुवा |
| Ithe Oshalala Mrutyu ईथे ओशाळला मृत्यू | Santaji संताजी |
| TO Mi Navhech तो मी नव्हेच | Gayak Buva गायक बुवा |

## Awards

He has been honoured with many awards, these include
* Patankar award of Pune Marathi Granthalay
* Gold Medal of Goa Mashel group
* Paluskar award of Akhil Bharatiya Natya Parishad
* Pune Ki Asha award 2002
* Dinanath Mangeshkar award 2003, received at the hands of the chief minister of Maharashtra.
* Balgandarv Gungaurav Puraskar
# Chen Xinyi

Chen Xinyi (born January 2, 1998) is a Chinese competitive swimmer, swimming freestyle, butterfly and individual medley.

## Career

At the 2014 Asian Games, she won gold medals in the 50 metre freestyle, 100 metre butterfly and 4 × 100 m freestyle relay.

### Failed doping test

While swimming for the Chinese national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Xinyi tested positive for hydrochlorothiazide, a banned substance. Following this, she was suspended from competition in the 2016 Summer Olympics by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The International Swimming Federation Doping Panel decided to impose on her a period of two years’ ineligibility, from August 11, 2016 to August 10, 2018 for her first anti-doping rule violation.

## Personal bests (long course)

    As of September 30, 2014
| Event | Time | Meet | Date |
| 50 m freestyle | 24.53 | 2016 National Championship Games of China | April 10, 2016 |
| 100 m freestyle | 53.84 | 2013 National Games of China | September 9, 2013 |
| 100 m butterfly | 56.61 | 2014 Asian Games | September 23, 2014 |
| 200 m individual medley | 2.09.55 | 2013 National Games of China | September 7, 2013 |
| 400 m individual medley | 4.39.54 | 2013 World Aquatics Championships | August 4, 2013 |
# Sphedanolestes cingulatus

Sphedanolestes cingulatus is a species of assassin bug belonging to the family Reduviidae, in the subfamily Harpactorinae.

## Etymology

The species name cingulatus is derived from Latin and means "girded", referring to the color pattern of the legs.

## Distribution

Sphedanolestes cingulatus is an endemic Italian species, present in Italian mainland and in Sicily. It is rare in northern Italy, more common in southern Italy and Sicily.

## Habitat

These bugs are predominantly found in herbaceous layers.

## Description

Sphedanolestes cingulatus can reach a length of about 10–12 millimetres (0.39–0.47 in). These large and powerfully built bugs are almost completely black. The connexivum (the edge of the abdomen) is black with red stripes. Sphedanolestes cingulatus has strong femurs (thighs).
An easy distinctive character of S. cingulatus in respect of Rhynocoris species, Sphedanolestes annulatus and Sphedanolestes sanguineus is the femora with three red and three black rings.

## Biology

These assassin bugs are predators of other invertebrates that are waiting for the pass, usually on the leaves of the shrubs or on the flowers. They hunt at night.
# Croatian Practical Shooting Association

The Croatian Practical Shooting Association is the Croatian association for practical shooting under the International Practical Shooting Confederation.