OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Bowmanville

The Battle of Bowmanville was a 1942 revolt in the Bowmanville prisoner of war camp (Camp 30) in Ontario, Canada. The prisoners, most of whom were higher-ranking German officers, objected to the intended shackling of 100 prisoners. The battle lasted for three days.

## Revolt

The residents of Camp 30 were mostly Germans captured by the British and sent to Canada for internment in anticipation of a potential invasion of Britain. They were guarded by the Veterans Guard of Canada. The violence began after 126 prisoners were sent to another camp to be shackled as a reprisal for the chaining of Canadian soldiers captured at Dieppe (itself a reaction to captured plans for the shackling of German POWs). After a period of hand-to-hand fighting, during which one Canadian guard had his skull fractured, 400 prisoners barricaded themselves in a hall. They remained there for over a day while the guards awaited reinforcements. A group of students at a nearby commando course in Kingston, Ontario arrived on Canadian Thanksgiving, subduing the barricaded prisoners with fire hoses and tear gas.
Three shots were fired during the revolt, two of which wounded PoW Volkmar Koenig, shot by a tower guard after prisoners grabbed a Canadian officer. Another prisoner was stabbed with a bayonet, but survived. A number of other prisoners and guards were injured during the revolt, often in hand-to-hand combat.
# Samuel Moss

Samuel Moss MA BCL JP CC MP (13 December 1858 – 14 May 1918), was a Welsh Liberal politician and judge.

## Background

Moss was born the second son of Enoch Moss, of Broad Oak, Rossett, North Wales. He attended Worcester College, Oxford. In 1895 he married Eleanor Samuel, daughter of E.B. Samuel of The Darland, Wrexham. They had four sons and two daughters.

## Legal career

He qualified as a barrister and practised on North Wales and Chester Circuit. He went to Lincoln's Inn in 1880. He was Assistant Boundary Commissioner for the whole of Wales, 1887. He was County Court Judge, North Wales, Chester District (Circuit No 29), from 1906 to 1918. He also served as a Justice of the Peace for Denbighshire. He wrote The English Land Laws, which was published in 1886.

## Political career

He was elected to the House of Commons for Denbighshire East in a by-election in 1897. He held the seat until he resigned shortly after the 1906 election to take up an appointment as a County Court Judge. In local politics he was an Alderman and first vice-chairman of Denbighshire County Council, and 2nd Chairman; formerly member of Chester City Council.
# Armen Darbinyan

Armen Razmiki Darbinyan (Armenian: Արմեն Ռազմիկի Դարբինյան; born January 23, 1964) is an Armenian politician and university administrator who served as Prime Minister of Armenia from 1998 to 1999. In 1994, he was appointed First Vice-Chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia. In 1997, Darbinyan was appointed Armenian Minister of Finance. On April 10, 1998, he was appointed as the Prime Minister of Armenia until June 11, 1999. Since 2001, Armen Darbinyan has been rector of Russian-Armenian State University. In April 2023, Darbinyan announced that he would not stand for reelection as rector of the university, citing a lack of support from the Russian and Armenian governments.

## Education

In 1986, he received an honors degree at the Department of Economy, Moscow State University. In 1989, Darbinyan completed a post-graduate course at Moscow State University.
# Victor D. Comras

Victor D. Comras (born 1943) is an American diplomat, lawyer, and writer.

## Biography

Comras was born in 1943 in New York. He received a Bachelors of Science from Georgetown University. He acquired a Juris Doctor from the University of Florida in 1966, and he attained a Master of Laws from Harvard University in 1975.
Comras entered the foreign service in 1966. Between 1969 and 1971, he served in the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Later on, between 1980 and 1985, he worked in the Bureau of European Affairs before going on to serve as consul general in France. He served as Chargé d’Affaires for the United States to Macedonia from 1994 to 1996. While serving the diplomatic corps, he would specialize in counter-terrorism, money laundering, and sanctions.
After serving for 35 years, Comras retired from the U.S. State Department in 2001. He was then appointed by United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan to serve as one of five international monitors to oversee Security Council measures implemented against al Qaeda and terrorism financing.
After retiring from diplomacy, Comras began working as a special counsel for the Eren Law Firm.

## Publications

* Self Determination and the Partition of States in International Law. 1975. Harvard Law School.
* Al Qaeda Finances and Funding to Affiliated Groups. January 2005. Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.) Center for Contemporary Conflict.
* Flawed Diplomacy: The United Nations and the War on Terrorism. 2010. Potomac Books. ISBN 9781597975858.
* Pressure: Coercive Economic Statecraft and U.S. National Security. 2011. Center for a New American Security.
# 1943 Camp Grant Warriors football team

The 1943 Camp Grant Warriors football team represented Camp Grant during the 1943 college football season. Led by head coach Charlie Bachman of Michigan State, the Warriors compiled a record of 2–6–2 against a difficult schedule that included four of the top six teams in the final AP poll rankings: Iowa Pre-Flight, Michigan, Purdue, and Great Lakes Navy. They were ranked a single time by the AP, achieving the No. 20 spot with a 2–3–1 record, and were dropped the next week after a loss to No. 13 Minnesota.
In the final Litkenhous Ratings, Camp Grant Pre-Flight ranked 22nd among the nation's college and service teams with a rating of 95.6.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 11 | at Illinois | | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL | W 23–0 | 3,500 |
| September 18 | Michigan | | Rockford HS StadiumRockford, IL | L 0–26 | 11,000 |
| September 25 | Wisconsin | | Rockford HS StadiumRockford, IL | W 10–7 | 11,000 |
| October 2 | Marquette | | Rockford HS StadiumRockford, IL | T 7–7 | 11,000 |
| October 9 | at No. 7 Purdue | | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | L 0–19 | 13,000 |
| October 16 | at No. 13 Minnesota | | Memorial StadiumMinneapolis, MN | L 7–13 | 35,000 |
| October 23 | at Fort Riley | No. 20 | Fort Riley, KS | T 13–13 | 10,000 |
| November 6 | at Great Lakes Navy | | Ross FieldGreat Lakes, IL | L 0–12 | 22,000 |
| November 13 | at No. 5 Iowa Pre-Flight | | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | L 13–28 | |
| November 20 | Fort Riley | | Rockford HS StadiumRockford, IL (Midwest Army Championship) | L 6–10 | 10,000 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||

## Rankings

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking — = Not ranked :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| AP | — | — | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
# Gary Vidal

Gary Vidal MP (born in 1965) is a Canadian politician who was elected to represent the riding of Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2019 Canadian federal election. In April 2024, Vidal, whose electoral boundary changed due to his residence being shifted, announced that he would not run for re-election in the 45th Canadian Federal Election because he did not anticipate that his party would allow for an open nomination.

## Political career

Vidal previously served as mayor of Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan from 2011 until his resignation in April 2019.
On April 23, 2024, Vidal announced that he will not seek re-election in the next federal election.

## Electoral record
### Federal

vte2019 Canadian federal election: Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Conservative | Gary Vidal | 11,531 | 42.30 | +12.17 | $64,212.77 |
| | New Democratic | Georgina Jolibois | 7,741 | 28.40 | -5.75 | $89,787.05 |
| | Liberal | Tammy Cook-Searson | 7,225 | 26.51 | -7.38 | $63,291.05 |
| | Green | Sarah Kraynick | 543 | 1.99 | +0.17 | $1,816.39 |
| | People's | Jerome Perrault | 217 | 0.80 | – | $2,050.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | Total valid votes/expense limit | 27,257 | 99.21 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 216 | 0.79 | +0.49 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 27,473 | 57.25 | -7.47 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 47,985 |
| | Conservative gain from New Democratic | Conservative gain from New Democratic | Swing | Swing | +8.96 |
| Source: Elections Canada |||||||

### Municipal

2016 Meadow Lake mayoral election :
| Candidate | Vote | % |
| Gary Vidal (X) | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
2012 Meadow Lake mayoral election :
| Candidate | Vote | % |
| Gary Vidal (X) | Acclaimed | Acclaimed |
# Nina Predanič

Nina Predanič (born 28 May 1997) is a Slovenian footballer who plays as a forward for Grasshopper Club Zürich and the Slovenia women's national team.
# Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki

Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki is a variety of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is a variety of Podocarpus macrophyllus native to southern China, northern Myanmar, Taiwan, and south-central and southern Japan.
Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki is an evergreen tree growing up to 15 metres tall. Its branches are strong and horizontal with dense branchlets. Leaves are thick and leathery and spirally arranged, up to 18 × 1 cm, bright green above and glaucous beneath. It varies from P. macrophyllus var. macrophyllus only in leaf width and receptacle color.

## Etymology

Podocarpus is derived from Greek, meaning ‘stalked fruit’. It was named in reference to the fleshy fruit stalks of some species.
# Bruce Cale

Bruce Cale (born 17 February 1939, Leura) is an Australian jazz double-bassist and composer.

## Career

Cale began studying music at age nine, and worked professionally in Sydney from 1958. He worked with Bryce Rohde's quartet from 1962–65, then moved to England, where he played with Tubby Hayes, Dudley Moore, and was a founding member of John Stevens's Spontaneous Music Ensemble. After obtaining a scholarship, he attended the Berklee College of Music starting in 1966 and remained in the U.S. until 1977, where he played with Ernie Watts and John Handy among others. While in Los Angeles in 1974, he composed the piece Iron Cross for the Los Angeles Philharmonic. The piece led to further commissions, and in 1976 he completed a work dedicated to John Coltrane for voice, jazz ensemble, and symphony orchestra. He also worked with Bryce Rohde again, recording the album Turn Right at New South Wales in 1976.
Upon his return to Sydney in 1977 he led a small ensemble with a shifting lineup which included, at times, Roger Frampton, Bob Bertles, Dale Barlow, Charlie Munro, Phil Treloar, Alan Turnbull, and Tony Buck as sidemen. He led his own Bruce Cale Orchestra through the 1980s, recording three albums with the group. In 1981 he studied for a period in the U.S. with George Russell, and also premiered a double bass concerto, performing as the soloist with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. He concentrated on composing from 1988 to 1995, then returned to jazz in the latter half of the 1990s.
During the 90s, Cale's suffered impaired vision, making scoring difficult and he briefly stopped creating music. He later took up the viola, and has returned to composing and improvising.

## Discography
### As leader

* The Bruce Cale Quartet at the Opera House (44 Records, 1979)
* A Century of Steps (Larrikin, 1981)
* Live at the Basement Vol. One: Rolling Thunder (Modern, 1987)
* Live at the Basement Vol. Two: Rain (Vista, 1987)
* On Fire (Tall Poppies, 2008)
Bruce Cale Quartet @ Adelaide Festival. 1980. Tall Poppies records Bruce Cale Orchestral Works Tall Poppies Records. 2997

### As sideman

* John Handy, Projections (Columbia, 1968)
* Prince Lasha, Insight (CBS, 1966)
* Essra Mohawk, Primordial Lovers (Reprise, 1970)
* Charlie Munro, Count Down (Columbia, 1969)
* Bryce Rohde, Just Bryce! (CBS, 1965)
* Bryce Rohde, More Spring (Mbs, 1990)
* Spontaneous Music Ensemble, Challenge (Eyemark, 1966)
Zitro ESP Records (1967 New York) Brycw Rohde Turn Right at New South Wales. Bryce Rohde Just Bryce. CBS 1965 Big and Bryce CBS
Bryce Rohde Corners CBS Bryce Rohde Duo Always come back here
# American Independent Writers

American Independent Writers (AIW) was an American trade organization for professional writers. It existed from 1975 until about 2011, when, due to dwindling membership and financial problems, it went out of business.

## History

It was formed as the Washington Independent Writers (WIW) in 1975 by a group of freelance writers in the Washington, D.C., area to address concerns over finding health insurance, job searching, and to provide social opportunities to help writers overcome isolation. Its first meetings were held in the National Press Club.
The first meeting, in April 1975, was attended by 200 people. By 1987, WIW was the largest regional writers' group in the country. In 2004, it had 1500 members.

## Services

Originally WIW provided services including "a monthly newsletter, Job Bank, social activities, directory of members, legal services program, health insurance access, grievance procedures, medical insurance, and a continuing round of workshops and seminars."
By the 1980s, these had expanded to include political activism, and legal support and fundraising, most famously for founding member Kitty Kelley from 1983 to 1984, when she was sued by Frank Sinatra in an attempt to stop her publication of his unauthorized biography, His Way.
The group changed its name to American Independent Writers on July 1, 2008, to open up more opportunities for grants and donations.
# 1943 Colorado College Tigers football team

The 1943 Colorado College Tigers football team was an American football team represented Colorado College as a member of the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1943 college football season. In the war-torn 1943 season, the Tigers compiled a perfect 7–0 record, and outscored their opponents by a total of 199 to 27. Although they were only ranked once going into a contest, the Tigers were ranked on the AP poll for six weeks, rising to as high as 16th and finishing at 18th in the final poll.
In the final Litkenhous Ratings, Colorado College ranked 33rd among the nation's college and service teams with a rating of 90.2.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 18 | Lowry Field* | | Washburn FieldColorado Springs, CO | W 32–14 | 4,500 |
| September 25 | New Mexico* | | Washburn FieldColorado Springs, CO | W 20–7 | |
| October 8 | at Denver* | | DU StadiumDenver, CO | W 41–0 | |
| October 16 | Kirtland Field* | | Washburn FieldColorado Springs, CO | W 20–0 | |
| October 23 | at Colorado* | No. 18 | Colorado StadiumBoulder, CO | W 16–6 | |
| November 13 | at Utah* | | Ute StadiumSalt Lake City, UT | W 64–0 | |
| November 20 | Colorado* | | Washburn FieldColorado Springs, CO | W 6–0 | |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||

## Rankings

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking — = Not ranked т = Tied with team above or below ( ) = First-place votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| AP | — | — | 18 | 16 | 17т | — | — | 17 (2) | 18 (2) |
# Silian Halt railway station

vteLampeter, Aberayron and New Quay Light Railway :
Legend :
The Silian Halt railway station was a small railway station at Silian, the first stop after the junction on the Aberayron branch of the Carmarthen to Aberystwyth Line in the Welsh county of Ceredigion. Opened by the Lampeter, Aberayron and New Quay Light Railway. The branch diverged from the through line at Lampeter.

## History

The branch was incorporated into the Great Western Railway during the Grouping of 1923, passing on to the Western Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. Passenger services were discontinued in 1951, general freight in 1963 and milk traffic in 1973. The single brick-built platform still survives, unlike others on the line which were built from wooden railway sleepers. The track was lifted in the summer of 1975.
# The Bridgewater Bulletin

The Bridgewater Bulletin was a weekly community newspaper published on Nova Scotia’s South Shore by Lighthouse Publishing Ltd, one of the last family-owned newspapers in Canada. On May 3, 2011, the Bridgewater Bulletin and the Progress Enterprise merged to become a single paper, the Lunenburg County Progress Bulletin. In November 2014, the newspaper rebranded its name, becoming the LighthouseNOW Progress Bulletin. In 2015 it was purchased by Advocate Media, based in Pictou, Nova Scotia and in 2024 it changed hands again, with local Kevin McBain taking ownership. Late in 2024, the name was changed to the South Shore Bulletin. It can be found at www.southshorebulletin.ca.

## History

* Many newspapers have served the South Shore of Nova Scotia since Henry Fisher began The Nova Scotia Farmer in 1863. Only The Progress Enterprise in Lunenburg, founded by E.I. Nash in 1876, and The Bulletin in Bridgewater, founded by C.J. Cragg in 1888, survived.
* Margaret and Ralph Hennigar purchased the newspapers and printing business in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Lighthouse Publishing is one of the few remaining family-owned newspaper operations in Canada. Today, most newspapers are under group or chain ownership.
* The Bulletin and the Progress Enterprise have a combined circulation of about 12,000. The Lighthouse Log was a 26,000 controlled-circulation advertising vehicle distributed free throughout Lunenburg and Queens Counties.
* In 1995 the weekly papers were redesigned by editor Vernon Oickle and his staff, and changed format from broadsheet to 11 x 17-inch tabloid. Lighthouse Publishing gradually moved from the original hot lead makeup to cut-and-paste layout and design, and then to full pagination. Now it has gone digital and has moved from computer to plate, rather than from computer to negative to plate.
* Lynn Hennigar became president and general manager of Lighthouse Publishing in 1995, replacing her father, Ralph Hennigar who is now retired. Marg Hennigar, publisher, internationally recognized editorial writer and long-time columnist died, but not before completing a media literacy book for children entitled No News Is Bad News.
* The newspaper was purchased by Advocate Media Incorporated in August, 2015.
# Maha Oya

The Maha Oya (Sinhala: මහ ඔය, lit. 'Great River') is a major watercourse in the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. It measures approximately 134 km (83 mi) in length. It runs across four provinces and five districts. The Maha Oya has 14 water supply networks to serve the need of water and more than 1 million people live by the river.
Its catchment area receives approximately 3,644 million cubic metres of rain per year, and approximately 34 percent of the water reaches the sea. It has a catchment area of 1,510 square kilometres.
# Llewellyn F. Haskell

Llewellyn Frost Haskell (born Thomas Frost Haskell; October 8, 1842 – November 26, 1929) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War.

## Early life

Haskell was born in Belleville, New Jersey on October 8, 1842 as Thomas Frost Haskell. His father was Llewellyn Solomon Haskell, druggist, landscape gardener and founder of Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey.
Around 1862, his father requested he change his first name to Llewellyn for family reasons after joining the army. His name change was later ratified by an 1873 act of the legislature of the State of New Jersey. Records from his service use both names.

## Career

Haskell was receiving his education in Heidelberg, Germany when he decided to return in 1861, and enlisted in the 14th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment as a private. He fought at the First Battle of Bull Run where he sustained slight wounds and sunstroke. He later served as second Lieutenant Colonel in the 5th Missouri Volunteer Infantry and the 27th Missouri Volunteer Infantry building forts. He also served as an aide to General Alexander Asboth at the Battle of Pea Ridge and General Henry Prince at the Battle of Cedar Mountain (also known as Slaughter's Mountain), where he was severely wounded in the thigh by a minié ball. Haskell was the only member of General Prince's staff to escape with his life; he was hospitalized for four months after the battle.
In October, 1863, he was made Lieutenant Colonel of the 7th United States Colored Infantry and later promoted to the command of the 41st United States Colored Infantry, both colored regiments under the Bureau of Colored Troops. With the 41st USCT, Haskell engaged in the Siege of Petersburg and Appomattox Campaign and was present at the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. By the end of the war, he had risen to the rank of Brevet Brigadier General of volunteers.

### Later life

After the war, he helped his father develop Llewellyn Park and later settled in San Francisco, California in 1877, where he engaged in furniture manufacturing and in mining and oil development.

## Personal life

On June 4, 1868, he married Emmeline "Emma" A. Gilmore (1849–1925) at Llewellyn Park, in an open air ceremony. The couple had two sons:
* Llewellyn Thomas Haskell (1870–1961), who married Kate Ruth Howell in 1896.
* Louis Olcott Haskell (1873–1954)
He died in San Rafael, California, on November 26, 1929, and his remains were cremated.
# Leftfield (disambiguation)

Leftfield are a British electronic music group.
Leftfield or Left Field may also refer to:
* Left field, a position in baseball
* The Left Field, an event at a number of British music festivals
* Left Field Lounge, the area beyond the stadium fence at Mississippi State University
* Leftfield Magazine, the magazine of Scottish Socialist Youth
* Left Field Productions, a video game development studio
# As You Are (television film)

As You Are is an Australian television play which aired in 1958 on ABC. The play was telecast live in Melbourne and kinescoped for showing in Sydney (these were the only two Australian cities with TV at the time). It is adapted from the 1939 West End play As You Are by Hugh Mills and Wells Root.

## Plot

An underwear salesman from northern England becomes involved with a confidence man from the Continent.

## Cast

* Paul Bacon
* Georgina Batterham
* Max Bruch
* Agnes Dobson
* Laurie Lange
* George Ogilvie
* Fred Parslow

## Production

The play starred Paul Bacon an English actor living in Australia.
# Kreeda Bharati

Kreeda Bharati is an Indian sports organisation formed by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a far-right hindu nationalist paramilitary organisation, in which training of physical and mental sports is given to the youth. It was established in 1992 in Pune.

## Objective

The main objective of Kreeda Bharati is to promote indigenous sports and traditional games of rural areas along with other established sports of India.
# Aranayaka

Aranayaka (Sinhala: අරණායක) is a town in the Kegalle District of Sabaragamuwa Province in Sri Lanka. Its agricultural economy revolves around local rubber, tea, banana and mahogany plantations.
The Mawanella-Aranayaka-Horawella Road (Highway B278) passes through the middle of the city, running parallel to the Maha Oya on the east side. Dippitiya, a town situated 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Aranayaka, has a greater population but fewer amenities. The local police station is situated in the town of Gevilipitiya, 4.3 km (2.7 mi) north of Aranayaka.