OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Duke Ling of Qi

Duke Ling of Qi (Chinese: 齊靈公; pinyin: Qí Líng Gōng), personal name Lü Huan, was a duke of the Qi state, reigning from 581 BC to 554 BC. He succeeded his father, Duke Qing, and was in turn succeeded by one of his sons, Duke Zhuang II.

## Attack from Jin

In 572 BC, Duke Dao of the State of Jin attacked Qi. Duke Ling made peace with Jin by sending his son Prince Guang (later Duke Zhuang II of Qi) to Jin as a hostage. Nine years later Prince Guang was made the crown prince of Qi.

## Annexing the State of Lai

In 567 BC, the fifteenth year of Duke Ling's reign, the State of Lai attacked Qi but was decisively defeated. The Qi army counterattacked, killed the Lai ruler Duke Gong, and conquered the entire state. Lai was a large Dongyi state to the east of Qi, and the state of Qi more than doubled the size of its territory after annexing Lai.

## Battle of Pingyin

In 555 BC, Duke Ling switched his alliance from Jin to its enemy State of Chu. To punish Qi, Duke Ping of Jin invaded and inflicted a crushing defeat on Qi. The Jin army, led by general Zhonghang Yan, occupied large swathes of Qi territory, besieged the Qi capital Linzi, and burned down the outer portion of the city. This was the worst defeat that Qi had suffered during the Spring and Autumn period.

## Succession

Duke Ling's main wife was Yan Yi Ji, a princess of the State of Lu, who had no son. His original heir, Crown Prince Guang, was the son of Sheng Ji, niece of Yan Yi Ji. Duke Ling also had at least two other concubines, Zhong Zi and Rong Zi, who were both princesses of the State of Song. Zhong Zi bore a son named Ya, while Rong Zi had no son but took Prince Ya under her wing. Duke Ling favoured Rong Zi, who asked him to make Prince Ya the new crown prince. Although Zhong Zi objected, Duke Ling still deposed Prince Guang and made Prince Ya his heir.
In 554 BC, the 28th year of his reign, Duke Ling fell ill and died in the fifth month. The powerful minister Cui Zhu installed Guang, the original crown prince, on the throne, to be known as Duke Zhuang II of Qi. Cui Zhu and Duke Zhuang killed Rong Zi, Prince Ya, and rival minister Gao Hou, who supported Prince Ya.
Duke Ling also had another son named Chujiu, born to another of Duke Ling's concubines, who was the daughter of Shusun Xuanbo, leader of the Shusun clan of Lu. Cui Zhu would later kill Duke Zhuang and install Chujiu on the throne, to be known as Duke Jing of Qi.

## Family

Wives:
* Yan Yi Ji, of the Ji clan of Lu (顏懿姬 姬姓)
Concubines:
* Zong Sheng Ji, of the Ji clan of Lu (鬷聲姬 姬姓), Yan Yi Ji's niece; the mother of Crown Prince Guang
* Zhong Zi, of the Zi clan of Song (仲子 子姓), the mother of Crown Prince Ya
* Rong Zi, of the Zi clan of Song (戎子 子姓; d. 554 BC), Zhong Ji's dowry younger sister
* Mu Meng Ji, of the Shusun lineage of the Ji clan of Lu (穆孟姬 姬姓 叔孫氏), a daughter of Shusun Qiaoru (叔孫僑如); the mother of Prince Chujiu
Sons:
* Crown Prince Guang (太子光; d. 548 BC), ruled as Duke Zhuang II of Qi from 553–548 BC
* Crown Prince Ya (太子牙; d. 554 BC)
* Prince Chujiu (公子杵臼; d. 490 BC), ruled as Duke Jing of Qi from 547–490 BC
# Robert Führer

Robert Jan Nepomuk Führer (2 June 1807 – 28 November 1861) was a Bohemian composer.

## Biography

Born in Prague, he became the Director of Music at St. Vitus Cathedral at the age of 32. Despite his considerable artistic gifts, he lived beyond his means. To support his extravagant lifestyle he sold a valuable Stradivarius violin which was owned by the cathedral. This fact was discovered in 1845, when he was dismissed for the crime.
Without a church to call home he wandered through several different towns and villages, but never stayed in any one place for too long. During this period he had to support himself from sales of his church music compositions. Luckily this was successful because his music was well loved.
No other composer's works enjoyed as widespread performance amongst the choirs in South Germany and Austria during the second half of the 19th century. His musical style varies from a composer such as Mozart, and is more in keeping with that of an early Cecilian. Many of his pieces were written for rural choirs, and as a consequence, they were not too musically demanding. In spite of this, larger and more difficult works can be found in his output. Although his material was sometimes judged to not have been "carefully" composed, his talent and experience made him well loved by his public, not least because he had an innate sense for composing a beautiful melodic line.

## Selected works

Führer wrote about 400 compositions, among them 2 oratorios, 150 masses, 20 requiems and other works.
Among his most important compositions belong:
* Mass in A major (1843)
* Requiem in G major (1846)
* Christus im Leiden und im Tode (published by Kränzl in Ried)
* Vánoční zpěv (Christmas Song) for soprano (published in 1864)
* Der Landorganist Op. 207 - preludes for organ
Theoretical studies
* Die Tonleitern der Griechen (1847)
* Der Rhythmus oder der musikalische Ebenbau (1847)
* Generalbaß-Lehre (1855)
* Musikalisches-liturgisches Handbuch (Musical-Liturgical Handbook)
* Praktický návod, jak psáti skladby pro varhany (Practical Instruction, How to Write the Compositions for Organ)
He tried to pass Franz Schubert's Mass No. 2 off as his own.
# Hubert Léonard

Hubert Léonard (French pronunciation:; 7 April 1819 – 6 May 1890) was a Belgian violinist and composer.

## Biography

Léonard was born in Liège, United Kingdom of the Netherlands on April 7 1819. His earliest preparatory training was given by a prominent teacher of the time, Auguste Rouma [fr], after which he entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1836. There he studied for three years under François Antoine Habeneck. In 1844 he started his extended tours which established his reputation as one of the greatest of virtuosos. From 1848 to 1867 he held the position of principal professor of violin playing at the Brussels Conservatoire, having succeeded the celebrated Charles de Bériot. Léonard developed a close friendship with Henri Vieuxtemps, a renowned violinist of the time. Owing to ill health, he resigned and settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life, and where he gave lessons. Among his notable students were Alfred De Sève, Martin Pierre Marsick, Henri Marteau, Henry Schradieck, Paul Viardot and César Thomson. He wrote a significant pedagogical work entitled Ecole Léonard.
# Jan Blockx

Jan Blockx (25 January 1851 – 26 May 1912) was a Belgian composer, pianist and teacher. He was a leader of the Flemish nationalist school in music.

## Biography

Born in Antwerp, Blockx studied the piano with Frans Aerts, the organ with Joseph Callaerts and composition with Peter Benoît at the Antwerp Conservatory. When he was still a student he wrote some songs, in Flemish, which became popular. However, his musical education studies were quite irregular, and he was essentially self-taught person. Later he studied with Carl Reinecke at Leipzig. Despite the fact that he was Benoits favorite pupil, Blockx wanted to make his own way in life, independent of his teacher and the Flemish Movement. Unlike Benoit, Blockx never intended his works to have the educational, uplifting effect that was typical for the Flemish Movement.
This caused tensions between student and master: despite the fact that Blockx's work helped to spread Flemish music across the Belgian borders and even saved the Vlaamse Opera from bankruptcy, Blockx received a lot of complaints from his fellow Flemish composers for publishing his works in French and through the Parisian music publisher Heugel.
In 1886 Blockx became a teacher at his Antwerp alma mater; and when Benoît died in 1901, Blockx succeeded him as director (a decision that was much contested by his colleagues despite his international reputation). He died of a stroke in Kapellenbos, near Antwerp, in 1912.

## Works

Opera Iets Vergeten (Forgot something)- Libretto: Victor Alexis dela Montagne. World premiere in Nederlandsch Lyrisch Toneel in Antwerp in 1877 Thyl Uylenspiegel - performed for the first time in Brussels on 18 January 1900. The three-act opera is set during the Dutch revolt against the Spaniards between 1568 and 1573. It includes Flemish folk dances. Maître Martin - Libretto: Eugène Landoy and Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann. World premiere in Théâtre-Royal de la Monnaie in 1892 Rita - Libretto: Nestor de Tiere. World premiere in Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp in 1895.
De Herbergprinses (The Inn Princess) - Libretto: Nestor de Tière. World première in Nederlandsch Lyrisch Toneel in Antwerp on 18 October 1896
De Bruid der Zee (The Bride of the See) - Libretto: Nestor de Tière. World premiere in Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp on 30 November 1901. De Kapel (The Chapel) - Libretto: Nestor de Tière. One-act opera. World premiere in Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp on 7 November 1903. Baldie - Libretto: Nestor de Tière. World premiere in Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp on 25 January 1908.Later he rewrote Baldie and called it Liefdelied (premiere 6 January 1912).
Ballet Milenka
Pantomime St Nicholas
Overture Rubens and many other works.
Cantatas Jubelgam De Klokke Roelandt (The Clock Roelandt) Het Vaderland (The Fatherland) Die Scheldezang (Those Scold Singing) Feest in der Lande (Party in the Country) Vredesang (Peace) Op den Stroom (On the Streem) Het Droom van't Paradies (The Dream of Paradies)
Symphonic poems Kermisdag (Fun Fair Day) Symfonisch Drieluik (Symphonic Trilogy).
# Holy Rosary Church (Baltimore, Maryland)

Holy Rosary Church is a Roman Catholic church located within the Archdiocese of Baltimore in Baltimore, Maryland. It was established to serve Baltimore's Polish community.

## History

The Holy Rosary Church was established to serve the needs of the burgeoning Polish community in Baltimore. The parish was established in 1887, though the present church was built from 1927 to 1928. It is constructed of greystone in the Polish Basilica style of architecture with limestone trim. It is 200 feet long, 100 feet wide, with twin towers 125 feet tall. The north tower contains four bells, the largest of which weighs 3000 pounds. The interior is unobstructed by columns, and seats 2000. The altars are of Carrara marble. The main altar is 20 feet wide and 30 feet high. The communion rail is 80 feet long. The 3 manual Moller organ has 3000 pipes. The original parish had around 500 families, making up 2,000 people. The church celebrated its first mass on December 8, 1887. In 1889, acreage was purchased outside of Dundalk, Maryland for the construction of a parish cemetery. A parish elementary school was built not long after and the Felician Sisters were invited to teach at the school.
The parish peaked in the 1930s. At that time the church had around 2,500 families (12,000 people in all), the largest in the Archdiocese of Baltimore and the parish elementary school had an enrollment of around 1,800 children. However, the congregation began to decline after World War II. Many Polish-Americans left Baltimore for the suburbs during the 1960s and 1970s, leaving an aging population in the city. Due to declining enrollment, the church closed the parish elementary school in 1997.
The church continues to promote itself as a center for the Baltimore Polonia and actively uses the Polish language. Polish language services are held on Sunday Mass and weekdays. The church's Cardinal Hlond Polish School holds classes on the Polish language and on Polish Catholic history. A number of Polish Catholic traditions are still practiced at the church, such as "Boże Ciało" (Corpus Christi) procession, the Easter Resurrection procession, and the Holy Saturday Easter food basket blessing.
The parish church is the Archdiocesan Shrine for Divine Mercy. The dedication of the Divine Mercy Shrine occurred on the first feast day of Mary Faustina Kowalska. Notably, Pope John Paul II (who was then Karol Cardinal Wojtyla) visited and prayed at the shrine during a visit in 1976.
Fr. Ronald Pytel was a parish priest at the church. His healed heart condition was one of the miracles cited during the canonization of St. Maria Faustina Kowalski in 2000.
# Nora Jacobson

Nora Jacobson is an American filmmaker.

## Early life and education

Jacobson was born in Norwich, Vermont. She spent eight years of her childhood in Paris. She studied experimental filmmaking at Antioch College and studied with Paul Sharits. She transferred to Dartmouth College, where she graduated with a BA in Anthropology and French literature. She received an MFA from the school of the Chicago Art Institute where she studied with Stan Brakhage, Bruce Baillie and others. Later she moved to Hoboken, New Jersey where she lived for 15 years, documenting the gentrification that was taking place. She moved back to Vermont in 1995.

## Career

Jacobson pursued a filmmaking career while in New York City and taught filmmaking at The New School for Social Research, Ramapo College of New Jersey and the State University of New York at Purchase. When she moved back to Vermont she began making narrative films as well as continued to make documentaries. She taught at Burlington College and Dartmouth College. She helped found White River Indie Film Festival and Freedom & Unity TV, a film contest for young filmmakers.

## Awards and honors

Her film Delivered Vacant premiered at the 1992 New York Film Festival, Sundance and won a Golden Gate award at the San Francisco Film Festival. In 2016, Jacobson received the Herb Lockwood Prize, an annual award of Burlington City Arts. In 2023, she received the Middlebury New Filmmakers Award for Excellence in Filmmaking.

## Filmography

* Ruth Stone's Vast Library of the Female Mind (2021)
* Passion in a Pandemic: Making Opera at Hanover High School
* The R Word aka Raghead (Short) 2018
* The Hanji Box 2016
* A Very New Idea 2013
* Freedom & Unity: The Vermont Movie 2013
* Nothing Like Dreaming 2004
* My Mother's Early Lovers 1998
* Delivered Vacant 1992
# Mount Ward (Antarctica)

Mount Ward (71°36′S 66°57′W﻿ / ﻿71.600°S 66.950°W﻿ / -71.600; -66.950) is a mountain at the northeast end of Steeple Peaks, located south of Batterbee Mountains near George VI Sound in western Palmer Land. During a flight on December 23, 1947, by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) (1947–48) a high peak was seen in the area southeast of Batterbee Mountains. It was named by F. Ronne after W.W. Ward of Beaumont, Texas, editor of the Beaumont Journal and a supporter of the expedition. No peak exists at the coordinates given by Ronne, but it is most likely that the feature here described was that seen by him.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Ward (Antarctica)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
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# List of New Brunswick provincial electoral districts

This is a list of the 49 electoral districts used for elections to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, in Canada.

## Electoral district breakdown (Riding by Riding)
### Capital

* Carleton-York
* Fredericton Lincoln
* Fredericton North
* Fredericton South-Silverwood
* Fredericton-Grand Lake
* Fredericton-York
* Hanwell-New Maryland
* Oromocto-Sunbury

### Northern

* Bathurst
* Belle-Baie-Belledune
* Caraquet
* Hautes-Terres-Nepisiguit
* Miramichi Bay-Neguac
* Miramichi East
* Miramichi West
* Restigouche West
* Restigouche East
* Shippagan-Les-Îles
* Tracadie

### River Valley

* Carleton-Victoria
* Edmundston-Vallée-des-Rivières
* Grand Falls-Saint-Quentin
* Madawaska-Les Lacs-Edmunston
* Woodstock-Hartland

### South

* Fundy-The Isles-Saint John-Lorneville
* Hampton-Fundy-St. Martins
* Kings Centre
* Quispamsis
* Rothesay
* Saint Croix
* Saint John East
* Saint John Harbour
* Saint John Portland-Simonds
* Saint John West-Lancaster

### Southeast

* Albert-Riverview
* Arcadia-Butternut Valley-Maple Hills
* Beausoleil-Grand-Bouctouche-Kent
* Champdoré-Irishtown
* Dieppe-Memramcook
* Kent North
* Moncton Centre
* Moncton East
* Moncton Northwest
* Moncton South
* Riverview
* Shediac Bay-Dieppe
* Shediac-Cap-Acadie
* Sussex-Three Rivers
* Tantramar
# Bon Secours St. Francis Downtown Hospital

Bon Secours St. Francis Downtown Hospital is located in Greenville, South Carolina, and operated by Bon Secours, part of Bon Secours Mercy Health.

## History

Bon Secours St. Francis Downtown Hospital's history begins with the construction of Emma Moss Booth Hospital. Emma Moss Booth Hospital was built in 1921 by the Salvation Army and local textile executives to serve the workers of the local textile mills. The hospital closed during the Great Depression in 1931 and the Sisters of St. Francis were asked to take over management. The hospital reopened in 1932 under the name St. Francis.
In 2000, with the population of the Sisters of St. Francis declining, the order turned the hospital over to Bon Secours Health System.

## Facilities

Bon Secours St. Francis Downtown Hospital includes a 245-bed facility and the St. Francis Outpatient Center. It offers a wide range of services including emergency services, heart care, heart surgery, inpatient cancer services, bone marrow transplantation, orthopedic surgery, osteoporotic fracture program, spine surgery, neurosurgery, radiology and imaging services, sleep center, outpatient surgery and laboratory services.
# Auguste Dupont

Auguste Dupont, full name Pierre-Auguste Dupont, (9 February 1827 - 17 December 1890) was a Belgian pianist and composer.
A laureate of the Royal Conservatory of Liège, where he was a student of Jules Jalheau, he travelled for a time as a musician in Germany, England and the Netherlands. While performing in Berlin, he was introduced to Giacomo Meyerbeer who gave him work for a time and who often mentions him in his diary. In 1850, he became a professor at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. He composed several major pieces for concerts and pieces of chamber music. He was also the editor of the series École de piano du Conservatoire de Bruxelles, forty booklets of classical masterpieces. He became a teacher of chamber music in 1886.
His brother was the violinist and composer Joseph Dupont.

## Works

* Pluie de mai, Étude de trilles pour piano (Op.2)
* Grande Capriccio sur Robert le Diable
* Le Staccato Perpétuel (Op.31)
* Grande galop fantastique
* Contes du foyer (Op. 12)
* The Tickalicktoo Polka, Dedicated to the Esquimaux Family, Who Appeared Before Her Majesty at Windsor Castle, Feb. 3, 1854
* Morgane
* Suite en quintette
* Intermezzo - barcarolle
* Tocatelle pour piano (Op. 26)
* Chanson hongroise (Op. 27)
* Berceuse en la mineur pour piano (Op. 35)
* Trois Danses dans le style ancien (Op.37)
* Fantasie et Fugue (for the right hand)(Op.41)
* Roman en dix pages (Op. 48)
* Piano Concerto in F minor (Op. 49)
* La Pensée
* Morceaux Caractéristiques
* Feuille d'album : duettino pour piano et harpe ou 2 pianos (Op. 58)
* Valse expressive pour piano (Op. 60)
In 1862, L'Illustration p. 197, mentioned the following works:
* Poème d'amour, Sept chants lyriques [op. 54]
* Reminiscences Pastorales
* Rêveries sur l'eau
* Trio en sol mineur pour piano, violon et violoncelle (Op. 33)
* Grand quatuor
* Sonate
* Marche druïdique
* Une Chanson de jeune fille (Op.18)
* Chanson du feu
* Danse des ombres
* Danse des Almées

## Honours

* Chevalier de l'Ordre du Lion (1856).
# Elizabeth Gloster

Dame Elizabeth Gloster, Lady Popplewell, DBE, PC (born 5 June 1949) is a British lawyer who was a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and Vice-President of the Civil Division. She was the first female judge of the Commercial Court.

## Education

Gloster was educated at Roedean School and Girton College, Cambridge.

## Career

Gloster was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1971 (and made a bencher in 1992). In 1989, she became a Queen's Counsel. She was appointed a judge of the Courts of Appeal of Jersey and Guernsey in 1993 and a Recorder in 1995.
On 21 April 2004, Gloster was appointed a High Court judge, receiving the customary appointment as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) and allocated to the Queen's Bench Division (Commercial Court). From 2010 to 2012, she was the judge in charge of the Commercial Court.
Gloster heard a case in 2012 involving two Russian oligarchs in which Boris Berezovsky claimed Roman Abramovich had intimidated him into selling shares in Russian oil giant Sibneft. and was claiming £3bn in damages. She found Berezovsky to be "an inherently unreliable witness" and found in favour of Abramovich. An editorial in The Times agreed with the judge's conclusion. At the start of the trial she had disclosed in court that her stepson had represented Abramovich as a barrister at an early stage of the case. Berezovsky's lawyers said their client had no objection to her continuing to hear the case. They later claimed that the barrister's involvement for which he had been paid £469,000 in fees had been understated but did not appeal against the judgment. Asked outside the court if he felt Russia's President Vladimir Putin would be happy with the ruling, Berezovsky replied: "Sometimes I have the impression that Putin himself wrote this judgment." A Statement from the Judicial Office which represents judges said Dame Elizabeth's stepson had not appeared at any hearings where she had been present. The statement said: "Where a judge has disclosed a family relationship to the parties, it is a judicial decision whether a judge believes he or she should recuse him or herself. The way to challenge a decision not to recuse would be by appealing through the courts."
On 9 April 2013, Dame Elizabeth was appointed a Lady Justice of Appeal and consequently appointed to the Privy Council.
She became Vice-President of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal on 7 December 2016, on the retirement of Lord Justice Moore-Bick. She retired from the Court of Appeal on 1 June 2018.
She serves as a commercial court judge, applying English Common Law, on the ADGM (Abu Dhabi Global Market) Courts.

### Judgments

* Relfo Ltd v Varsani [2014] EWCA Civ 360 – English unjust enrichment law concerning to what extent enrichment of the defendant must be at the expense of the claimant; Gloster LJ concurring with Arden LJ

### Private life

In 2005, Elizabeth Gloster was divorced from Stanley Brodie QC. On 15 March 2008, she married Sir Oliver Popplewell.
# Jonathan Dekker

Jonathan Dekker (born May 15, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Princeton Tigers. He was signed by the Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2006. Dekker won Super Bowl XLIII with the Steelers over the Arizona Cardinals.

## Early life

Dekker played high school football at Saint Thomas More in Milwaukee.

## College career

Dekker played college football at Princeton University. He finished his career with 64 receptions for 760 yards and five touchdowns.

## Professional career

Dekker was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as a rookie free agent and spent the 2006 season on the practice squad. He played in three games for the Steelers in 2007. On August 16, 2008, he was waived injured before the season started, after suffering a preseason knee injury. Dekker was part of the Super Bowl XLIII team that won the Super Bowl.
# Malbaza Uzine

Malbaza Uzine is a town in southwestern Niger. It is near the city of Tahoua.
* This Niger location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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13°53′29″N 5°21′01″E﻿ / ﻿13.891411°N 5.350342°E﻿ / 13.891411; 5.350342