# Ganga Expressway

Ganga Expressway is an under-construction, 1,047 km (651 mi) long, of which 594 km (369 mi) has been approved, 6-lane (easily widenable to 8) wide greenfield expressway in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is being constructed in two phases. Phase-1 will connect Bijauli village on NH-334 in Meerut district with Judapur Dandu village on NH-19 in Prayagraj district via Sarai Katiyan village on NH-27 in Kanpur, while Phase-2 will see the extension of both sides of the expressway: from Prayagraj to Ballia and from Meerut to Haridwar.
After the completion of both phases, Kanpur will serve as a major node for economic and industrial activity, as it will be the central point of the expressway, with many projects planned in the Agra-Lucknow Expressway and Awadh Expressway region.
It is being implemented by the Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA) on the Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Transfer (DBFOT) Model.
The foundation stone of the expressway was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 18 December 2021, in Shahjahanpur. The expressway is expected to be completed by the end of 2024.
The construction work from Meerut to Prayagraj has been divided into 12 packages. Packages 1 to 3 will be constructed and maintained by IRB Infrastructure, while Packages 4 to 12 by Adani Enterprises. The Uttar Pradesh Cabinet, led by Yogi Adityanath met at Prayagraj, the venue of the Kumbh Mela, and cleared the decks to construct Ganga Expressway on 29 January 2019.

## Route
### Phase-1

The 594 km long Ganga Expressway will connect Bijauli village near Kharkhauda on NH-334 in Meerut district with Judapur Dandu village near Soraon on NH-19 in Prayagraj district. It will pass through 12 cities of Uttar Pradesh namely (from west to east), Meerut, Hapur, Bulandshahr, Amroha, Sambhal, Budaun, Shahjahanpur, Hardoi, Unnao, Raebareli, Pratapgarh and Prayagraj.

### Phase-2

The total length of Phase-2 is 453 km. The Government of Uttar Pradesh decided to extend the project on either ends i.e. Meerut to Haridwar (Spur-1) and Prayagraj to Ballia (Spur-2) via Varanasi. As of February 2021, a Detailed Project Report (DPR) for Phase-2 has not yet been prepared yet.
Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath has announced to extend the expressway to Haridwar via Nagina on 20 December 2023.

## History

The project aims to construct a 1,047 km access-controlled 8-lane wide expressway running along the Ganga river. This expressway will connect Greater Noida to Ballia, ensuring high-speed connectivity between the Eastern and Western boundaries of Uttar Pradesh. The proposed expressway from Ballia to Greater Noida is also planned to serve as a flood control embankment since floods are a major cause of agricultural and environmental damage in the area, and lead to many deaths as well as the spread of diseases during India's monsoon season. The construction work on Ganga Expressway was not started then because of an order from the Allahabad High Court. The order instructed that the state and the concessionaire complete a full environmental study and obtain permission from the Government before embarking on the construction.

## Construction
### Phase-1

The UPEIDA has divided the construction work of 594 km long Phase-1 (Meerut to Prayagraj) into 12 different packages. The total expected project value is around ₹37,350 crores, including the land acquisition cost of around ₹9,500 crores.
On 30 November 2021, Adani Enterprises and IRB Infrastructure Developers emerged as the preferred bidders for the expressway’s development. Both were awarded the agreement to build and Operate the Expressway on DBFOT basis with tolling rights for a period of 30 years. IRB Infrastructure bagged Group 1 (consisting of Packages 1, 2 & 3); while Adani bagged Groups 2, 3 & 4 (consisting of Packages 4 to 12)
The list of contractors is as follows:
| Package No. | From | To | Length in km | Contractor |
| 1. | Bijauli (Meerut) | Chandner (Hapur) | 48.9 | IRB Infrastructure |
| 2. | Chandner (Hapur) | Mirzapur Dungal (Amroha) | 30.0 | IRB Infrastructure |
| 3. | Mirzapur Dungal (Amroha) | Nagla Baraha (Budaun) | 50.7 | IRB Infrastructure |
| 4. | Nagla Baraha (Budaun) | Binawar (Budaun) | 52.1 | Adani Enterprises |
| 5. | Binawar (Budaun) | Dari Gulau (Shahjahanpur) | 46.7 | Adani Enterprises |
| 6. | Dari Gulau (Shahjahanpur) | Ubariya Khurd (Hardoi) | 52.9 | Adani Enterprises |
| 7. | Ubariya Khurd (Hardoi) | Iksai (Hardoi) | 52.4 | Adani Enterprises |
| 8. | Iksai (Hardoi) | Raiya Mao (Unnao) | 50.2 | Adani Enterprises |
| 9. | Raiya Mao (Unnao) | Sarson (Unnao) | 53.1 | Adani Enterprises |
| 10. | Sarson (Unnao) | Terukha (Raebareli) | 51.8 | Adani Enterprises |
| 11. | Terukha (Raebareli) | Naudhiya (Pratapgarh) | 52.0 | Adani Enterprises |
| 12. | Naudhiya (Pratapgarh) | Judapur Dandu (Prayagraj) | 53.0 | Adani Enterprises |
Note: The Adani Enterprises has further sub-contracted the civil construction work of Package-4, 5 and 6 to HG Infra Engineering Limited. It has sub-contracted Package-7, 8 and 9 to Patel Infra Projects Limited and similarly it has sub-contracted Package-10, 11 and 12 to ITD Cementation India Limited.

## Industrial corridor

Kanpur is ideal location for setting up industries around Ganga Expressway due to its proximity to Delhi and connections with other expressway like - Awadh Expressway, Kanpur Noida Expressway. Also Kanpur is upcoming big logistic hub due to Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor and recently constructed Kanpur Airport.
A major IT Park has also been proposed in Kanpur near Trans Ganga City.
Pharma parks, textile parks will be developed around Ganga Expressway. There is also a preparation to build large industrial corridors at the beginning and end of the expressway. Due to its proximity to the expressway, many investors are expected to set up their industries here. The land around the departure points of Meerut, from where the expressway is to start, will be developed for industries.
Ashok Agarwal, national president, Indian Industries Association (IIA), said “We have also received queries related to the allotment of land along the Ganga Expressway from investors. Most of the queries are for land in Meerut,Prayagraj and Kanpur and its adjoining areas”.
Industries are also expected around Baduan, Varanasi and Prayagraj.

## Status updates

* 2007: Ganga Expressway was initially proposed by Mayawati as Greater Noida–Ballia Expressway.
* Jan 2019: Stalled planned project since 2007, the Ganga Expressway project has been revived again. The project was launched on 29 January 2019 by the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath.
* Feb 2019: Expressway to be built parallel to the Ganga river course, however, a distance of 10 km will be maintained so as to ensure easier compliance with environmental laws.
* Sep 2019: Two alignment plans are ready, CM Yogi Adityanath to approve one of them, and then a consultant will be appointed to prepare and submit the Detailed Project Report (DPR). The expressway is to be ready by 2024.
* Feb 2020: ₹2,000 crores was allocated for the construction of Ganga Expressway in the Uttar Pradesh budget on 18 February 2020. The 594 km long 1st phase connecting Meerut to Prayagraj is set to be completed by 2024.
* Mar 2021: Tenders floated for Phase-1 by the government of Uttar Pradesh in 12 packages.
* May 2021: 3,440 hectares of required land have been acquired till 30 May. The 594 km long 1st phase of the Ganga Expressway will pass through 519 villages across 12 districts.
* Jun 2021: 5,260 hectares of required land has been acquired till 30 June.
* Aug 2021: 6,532 hectares (around 90%) of required land has been acquired till 16 August. Punjab National Bank (PNB) approved ₹5,100 crore loan for this project on 21 August.
* Sep 2021: Around 93% of land acquisition completed. The Uttar Pradesh cabinet gave approval to this project on 2 September.
* Nov 2021: The expressway gets environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, and Uttar Pradesh Cabinet gives ₹36,230 crore clearance to build the expressway. Foundation stone for the start of construction work will be laid in December, and 94% of land acquisition will be completed, as of 20 November.
* Nov 2021: 3 firms bid to build the expressway. The bidder name will likely be finalised by this week or next week, as of 22 November.
* Dec 2021: Adani Enterprises and IRB Infrastructure win the expressway’s construction work. Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the expressway on 18 December 2021.
* Apr 2022: Construction work started by Adani Enterprises in Binawar (Budaun) on 11 April.
* Jul 2022: 56% of clearing and grubbing work is complete.
* Jan 2023: 84% of clearing and grubbing, and 10.25% of earthwork are complete.
* Mar 2023: The expressway is now expected to be completed by December 2024.
* Apr 2023: More than 20% of the construction has been completed.
* Oct 2023: Uttar Pradesh government announces that it will acquire land to set up an industrial city in Meerut, adjacent to entry and exit points of the expressway.
* Nov 2023: 100% cleaning and grubbing work completed.
* Feb 2024: 63% earthwork, 37% GSB, 33% WMM, 28% DBM, 945/1348 structures, overall progress 37%.
* Mar 2024: 64% earthwork, 38% GSB, 35% WMM, 32% DBM, 967/1348 structures, overall progress 38%.
* Apr 2024: 68% earthwork, 42% GSB, 39% WMM, 36% DBM, 1001/1348 structures, overall progress 42%.
* May 2024: 75% earthwork, 48% GSB, 45% WMM, 42% DBM, 1100/1481 structures, overall progress 46% as of 13 May 2024.
* Jun 2024: 75% earthwork, 51% GSB, 46% WMM, 43% DBM, 1117/1481 structures, overall progress 47% as updated on 28 May 2024.
* Jul 2024: 80% earthwork, 59% GSB, 54% WMM, 50% DBM, 1215/1481 structures, overall progress 55.10% as updated on 23 July 2024.
* Aug 2024: 81% earthwork, 61% GSB, 54% WMM, 53% DBM, 1265/1481 structures, overall progress 57.26% as updated on 27 August 2024.
* Sep 2024: 82% earthwork, 62% GSB, 58% WMM, 55% DBM, 1310/1481 structures, overall progress 59% as updated on 30 September 2024.
* Dec 2024: 89% earthwork, 72% GSB, 68% WMM, 65% DBM, 1372/1481 structures, overall progress 66% as updated on 23 December 2024.
* Feb 2025: 96% earthwork, 79% GSB, 78% WMM, 77% DBM, 1425/1500 structures, overall progress 72% as updated on 3 February 2025.
* March 2025: 97% earthwork, 80% GSB, 78% WMM, 77% DBM, 1425/1500 structures, overall progress 75% as updated on 3 March 2025.