# List of Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: Nobelpriset, Norwegian: Nobelprisen) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. An additional prize in memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) for outstanding contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, a Nobelist or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation.

## Prize

Different organisations are responsible for awarding the individual prizes; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics; the Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature; the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, equivalent to 10.8 million SEK in 2023. In 2017, the laureates were awarded a prize amount of 9 million SEK. The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
In years in which the Nobel Prize is not awarded due to external events or a lack of nominations, the prize money is returned to the funds delegated to the relevant prize. The Nobel Prize was not awarded between 1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.

## Laureates

Between 1901 and 2017, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 585 times to 923 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 892 individuals (including 844 men, 48 women) and 24 organizations. Six Nobel laureates were not permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade four Germans, Richard Kuhn (Chemistry, 1938), Adolf Butenandt (Chemistry, 1939), Gerhard Domagk (Physiology or Medicine, 1939) and Carl von Ossietzky (Peace, 1936) from accepting their Nobel Prizes. The Chinese government forbade Liu Xiaobo from accepting his Nobel Prize (Peace, 2010) and the government of the Soviet Union pressured Boris Pasternak (Literature, 1958) to decline his award. Liu Xiaobo, Carl von Ossietzky and Aung San Suu Kyi were all awarded their Nobel Prize while in prison or detention. Two Nobel laureates, Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964) and Lê Ðức Thọ (Peace, 1973), declined the award; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and Thọ declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time.
Seven laureates have received more than one prize; of the seven, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, as was the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger and Karl Barry Sharpless. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.

## List of laureates

* 1901
* 1910
* 1920
* 1930
* 1940
* 1950
* 1960
* 1970
* 1980
* 1990
* 2000
* 2010
* 2020
list of laureates :
| Year | Physics | Chemistry | Physiology or Medicine | Literature | Peace | Prize in Economic Sciences |
| 1901 | Wilhelm Röntgen | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | Emil von Behring | Sully Prudhomme | Henry Dunant; Frédéric Passy | — |
| 1902 | Hendrik Lorentz; Pieter Zeeman | Emil Fischer | Ronald Ross | Theodor Mommsen | Élie Ducommun; Charles Albert Gobat | — |
| 1903 | Henri Becquerel; Pierre Curie; Marie Curie | Svante Arrhenius | Niels Ryberg Finsen | Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson | Randal Cremer | — |
| 1904 | Lord Rayleigh | William Ramsay | Ivan Pavlov | Frédéric Mistral; José Echegaray | Institut de Droit International | — |
| 1905 | Philipp Lenard | Adolf von Baeyer | Robert Koch | Henryk Sienkiewicz | Bertha von Suttner | — |
| 1906 | J. J. Thomson | Henri Moissan | Camillo Golgi; Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Giosuè Carducci | Theodore Roosevelt | — |
| 1907 | Albert A. Michelson | Eduard Buchner | Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran | Rudyard Kipling | Ernesto Teodoro Moneta; Louis Renault | — |
| 1908 | Gabriel Lippmann | Ernest Rutherford | Élie Metchnikoff; Paul Ehrlich | Rudolf Christoph Eucken | Klas Pontus Arnoldson; Fredrik Bajer | — |
| 1909 | Karl Ferdinand Braun; Guglielmo Marconi | Wilhelm Ostwald | Emil Theodor Kocher | Selma Lagerlöf | Auguste Beernaert; Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant | — |
| 1910 | Johannes Diderik van der Waals | Otto Wallach | Albrecht Kossel | Paul Heyse | International Peace Bureau | — |
| 1911 | Wilhelm Wien | Marie Curie | Allvar Gullstrand | Maurice Maeterlinck | Tobias Asser; Alfred Hermann Fried | — |
| 1912 | Gustaf Dalén | Victor Grignard; Paul Sabatier | Alexis Carrel | Gerhart Hauptmann | Elihu Root | — |
| 1913 | Heike Kamerlingh Onnes | Alfred Werner | Charles Richet | Rabindranath Tagore | Henri La Fontaine | — |
| 1914 | Max von Laue | Theodore William Richards | Robert Bárány | None | None | — |
| 1915 | William Henry Bragg; Lawrence Bragg | Richard Willstätter | None | Romain Rolland | None | — |
| 1916 | None | None | None | Verner von Heidenstam | None | — |
| 1917 | Charles Glover Barkla | None | None | Karl Adolph Gjellerup; Henrik Pontoppidan | International Committee of the Red Cross | — |
| 1918 | Max Planck | Fritz Haber | None | None | None | — |
| 1919 | Johannes Stark | None | Jules Bordet | Carl Spitteler | Woodrow Wilson | — |
| 1920 | Charles Édouard Guillaume | Walther Nernst | August Krogh | Knut Hamsun | Léon Bourgeois | — |
| 1921 | Albert Einstein | Frederick Soddy | None | Anatole France | Hjalmar Branting; Christian Lous Lange | — |
| 1922 | Niels Bohr | Francis William Aston | Archibald Hill; Otto Fritz Meyerhof | Jacinto Benavente | Fridtjof Nansen | — |
| 1923 | Robert Andrews Millikan | Fritz Pregl | Frederick Banting; John Macleod | W. B. Yeats | None | — |
| 1924 | Manne Siegbahn | None | Willem Einthoven | Władysław Reymont | None | — |
| 1925 | James Franck; Gustav Ludwig Hertz | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | None | George Bernard Shaw | Austen Chamberlain; Charles G. Dawes | — |
| 1926 | Jean Baptiste Perrin | Theodor Svedberg | Johannes Fibiger | Grazia Deledda | Aristide Briand; Gustav Stresemann | — |
| 1927 | Arthur Compton; Charles Thomson Rees Wilson | Heinrich Otto Wieland | Julius Wagner-Jauregg | Henri Bergson | Ferdinand Buisson; Ludwig Quidde | — |
| 1928 | Owen Willans Richardson | Adolf Windaus | Charles Nicolle | Sigrid Undset | None | — |
| 1929 | Louis de Broglie | Arthur Harden; Hans von Euler-Chelpin | Christiaan Eijkman; Frederick Gowland Hopkins | Thomas Mann | Frank B. Kellogg | — |
| 1930 | C. V. Raman | Hans Fischer | Karl Landsteiner | Sinclair Lewis | Nathan Söderblom | — |
| 1931 | None | Carl Bosch; Friedrich Bergius | Otto Heinrich Warburg | Erik Axel Karlfeldt | Jane Addams; Nicholas Murray Butler | — |
| 1932 | Werner Heisenberg | Irving Langmuir | Charles Scott Sherrington; Edgar Adrian | John Galsworthy | None | — |
| 1933 | Erwin Schrödinger; Paul Dirac | None | Thomas Hunt Morgan | Ivan Bunin | Norman Angell | — |
| 1934 | None | Harold Urey | George Whipple; George Minot; William P. Murphy | Luigi Pirandello | Arthur Henderson | — |
| 1935 | James Chadwick | Frédéric Joliot-Curie; Irène Joliot-Curie | Hans Spemann | None | Carl von Ossietzky | — |
| 1936 | Victor Francis Hess; Carl David Anderson | Peter Debye | Henry Hallett Dale; Otto Loewi | Eugene O'Neill | Carlos Saavedra Lamas | — |
| 1937 | Clinton Davisson; George Paget Thomson | Norman Haworth; Paul Karrer | Albert Szent-Györgyi | Roger Martin du Gard | Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood | — |
| 1938 | Enrico Fermi | Richard Kuhn | Corneille Heymans | Pearl S. Buck | Nansen International Office for Refugees | — |
| 1939 | Ernest Lawrence | Adolf Butenandt; Leopold Ružička | Gerhard Domagk | Frans Eemil Sillanpää | None | — |
| 1940 | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | | — |
| 1941 | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | — |
| 1942 | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | Cancelled due to World War II | — |
| 1943 | Otto Stern | George de Hevesy | Henrik Dam; Edward Adelbert Doisy | None | None | — |
| 1944 | Isidor Isaac Rabi | Otto Hahn | Joseph Erlanger; Herbert Spencer Gasser | Johannes V. Jensen | International Committee of the Red Cross | — |
| 1945 | Wolfgang Pauli | Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | Alexander Fleming; Ernst Chain; Howard Florey | Gabriela Mistral | Cordell Hull | — |
| 1946 | Percy Williams Bridgman | James B. Sumner; John Howard Northrop; Wendell Meredith Stanley | Hermann Joseph Muller | Hermann Hesse | Emily Greene Balch; John Mott | — |
| 1947 | Edward Victor Appleton | Robert Robinson | Carl Ferdinand Cori; Gerty Cori; Bernardo Houssay | André Gide | Friends Service Council; American Friends Service Committee | — |
| 1948 | Patrick Blackett | Arne Tiselius | Paul Hermann Müller | T. S. Eliot | None | — |
| 1949 | Hideki Yukawa | William Giauque | Walter Rudolf Hess; António Egas Moniz | William Faulkner | John Boyd Orr | — |
| 1950 | C. F. Powell | Otto Diels; Kurt Alder | Philip Showalter Hench; Edward Calvin Kendall; Tadeus Reichstein | Bertrand Russell | Ralph Bunche | — |
| 1951 | John Cockcroft; Ernest Walton | Edwin McMillan; Glenn T. Seaborg | Max Theiler | Pär Lagerkvist | Léon Jouhaux | — |
| 1952 | Felix Bloch; Edward Mills Purcell | Archer Martin; Richard Laurence Millington Synge | Selman Waksman | François Mauriac | Albert Schweitzer | — |
| 1953 | Frits Zernike | Hermann Staudinger | Hans Adolf Krebs; Fritz Albert Lipmann | Winston Churchill | George Marshall | — |
| 1954 | Max Born; Walther Bothe | Linus Pauling | John Franklin Enders; Frederick Chapman Robbins; Thomas Huckle Weller | Ernest Hemingway | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | — |
| 1955 | Willis Lamb; Polykarp Kusch | Vincent du Vigneaud | Hugo Theorell | Halldór Laxness | None | — |
| 1956 | John Bardeen; Walter Houser Brattain; William Shockley | Cyril Norman Hinshelwood; Nikolay Semyonov | André Frédéric Cournand; Werner Forssmann; Dickinson W. Richards | Juan Ramón Jiménez | None | — |
| 1957 | Yang Chen-Ning; Tsung-Dao Lee | The Lord Todd | Daniel Bovet | Albert Camus | Lester B. Pearson | — |
| 1958 | Pavel Cherenkov; Ilya Frank; Igor Tamm | Frederick Sanger | George Beadle; Edward Tatum; Joshua Lederberg | Boris Pasternak | Dominique Pire | — |
| 1959 | Emilio Segrè; Owen Chamberlain | Jaroslav Heyrovský | Arthur Kornberg; Severo Ochoa | Salvatore Quasimodo | Philip Noel-Baker | — |
| 1960 | Donald A. Glaser | Willard Libby | Macfarlane Burnet; Peter Medawar | Saint-John Perse | Albert Lutuli | — |
| 1961 | Robert Hofstadter; Rudolf Mössbauer | Melvin Calvin | Georg von Békésy | Ivo Andrić | Dag Hammarskjöld | — |
| 1962 | Lev Landau | Max Perutz; John Kendrew | Francis Crick; James Watson; Maurice Wilkins | John Steinbeck | Linus Pauling | — |
| 1963 | Eugene Wigner; Maria Goeppert Mayer; J. Hans D. Jensen | Karl Ziegler; Giulio Natta | John Eccles; Alan Hodgkin; Andrew Huxley | Giorgos Seferis | International Committee of the Red Cross; League of Red Cross societies | — |
| 1964 | Charles H. Townes; Nikolay Basov; Alexander Prokhorov | Dorothy Hodgkin | Konrad Emil Bloch; Feodor Lynen | Jean-Paul Sartre | Martin Luther King Jr. | — |
| 1965 | Shin'ichirō Tomonaga; Julian Schwinger; Richard Feynman | Robert Burns Woodward | François Jacob; André Michel Lwoff; Jacques Monod | Mikhail Sholokhov | United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund | — |
| 1966 | Alfred Kastler | Robert S. Mulliken | Francis Peyton Rous; Charles Brenton Huggins | Shmuel Yosef Agnon; Nelly Sachs | None | — |
| 1967 | Hans Bethe | Manfred Eigen; Ronald George Wreyford Norrish; George Porter | Ragnar Granit; Haldan Keffer Hartline; George Wald | Miguel Ángel Asturias | None | — |
| 1968 | Luis Walter Alvarez | Lars Onsager | Robert W. Holley; Har Gobind Khorana; Marshall Warren Nirenberg | Yasunari Kawabata | René Cassin | — |
| 1969 | Murray Gell-Mann | Derek Barton; Odd Hassel | Max Delbrück; Alfred Hershey; Salvador Luria | Samuel Beckett | International Labour Organization | Ragnar Frisch; Jan Tinbergen |
| 1970 | Hannes Alfvén; Louis Néel | Luis Federico Leloir | Julius Axelrod; Ulf von Euler; Bernard Katz | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | Norman Borlaug | Paul Samuelson |
| 1971 | Dennis Gabor | Gerhard Herzberg | Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. | Pablo Neruda | Willy Brandt | Simon Kuznets |
| 1972 | John Bardeen; Leon Cooper; John Robert Schrieffer | Christian B. Anfinsen; Stanford Moore; William Howard Stein | Gerald Edelman; Rodney Robert Porter | Heinrich Böll | None | John Hicks; Kenneth Arrow |
| 1973 | Leo Esaki; Ivar Giaever; Brian Josephson | Ernst Otto Fischer; Geoffrey Wilkinson | Karl von Frisch; Konrad Lorenz; Nikolaas Tinbergen | Patrick White | Henry Kissinger; Lê Đức Thọ | Wassily Leontief |
| 1974 | Martin Ryle; Antony Hewish | Paul Flory | Albert Claude; Christian de Duve; George Emil Palade | Eyvind Johnson; Harry Martinson | Seán MacBride; Eisaku Satō | Gunnar Myrdal; Friedrich Hayek |
| 1975 | Aage Bohr; Ben Roy Mottelson; James Rainwater | John Cornforth; Vladimir Prelog | David Baltimore; Renato Dulbecco; Howard Martin Temin | Eugenio Montale | Andrei Sakharov | Leonid Kantorovich; Tjalling Koopmans |
| 1976 | Burton Richter; Samuel C. C. Ting | William Lipscomb | Baruch Samuel Blumberg; Daniel Carleton Gajdusek | Saul Bellow | Betty Williams; Mairead Maguire | Milton Friedman |
| 1977 | Philip W. Anderson; Nevill Francis Mott; John Hasbrouck Van Vleck | Ilya Prigogine | Roger Guillemin; Andrew Schally; Rosalyn Sussman Yalow | Vicente Aleixandre | Amnesty International | Bertil Ohlin; James Meade |
| 1978 | Pyotr Kapitsa; Arno Allan Penzias; Robert Woodrow Wilson | Peter D. Mitchell | Werner Arber; Daniel Nathans; Hamilton O. Smith | Isaac Bashevis Singer | Anwar Sadat; Menachem Begin | Herbert A. Simon |
| 1979 | Sheldon Glashow; Abdus Salam; Steven Weinberg | Herbert C. Brown; Georg Wittig | Allan McLeod Cormack; Godfrey Hounsfield | Odysseas Elytis | Mother Teresa | Theodore Schultz; W. Arthur Lewis |
| 1980 | James Cronin; Val Logsdon Fitch | Paul Berg; Walter Gilbert; Frederick Sanger | Baruj Benacerraf; Jean Dausset; George Davis Snell | Czesław Miłosz | Adolfo Pérez Esquivel | Lawrence Klein |
| 1981 | Nicolaas Bloembergen; Arthur Leonard Schawlow; Kai Siegbahn | Kenichi Fukui; Roald Hoffmann | Roger Wolcott Sperry; David H. Hubel; Torsten Wiesel | Elias Canetti | United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees | James Tobin |
| 1982 | Kenneth G. Wilson | Aaron Klug | Sune Bergström; Bengt I. Samuelsson; John Vane | Gabriel García Márquez | Alva Myrdal; Alfonso García Robles | George Stigler |
| 1983 | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar; William Alfred Fowler | Henry Taube | Barbara McClintock | William Golding | Lech Wałęsa | Gérard Debreu |
| 1984 | Carlo Rubbia; Simon van der Meer | Robert Bruce Merrifield | Niels Kaj Jerne; Georges J. F. Köhler; César Milstein | Jaroslav Seifert | Desmond Tutu | Richard Stone |
| 1985 | Klaus von Klitzing | Herbert A. Hauptman; Jerome Karle | Michael Stuart Brown; Joseph L. Goldstein | Claude Simon | International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War | Franco Modigliani |
| 1986 | Ernst Ruska; Gerd Binnig; Heinrich Rohrer | Dudley R. Herschbach; Yuan T. Lee; John Polanyi | Stanley Cohen; Rita Levi-Montalcini | Wole Soyinka | Elie Wiesel | James M. Buchanan |
| 1987 | Georg Bednorz; K. Alex Müller | Donald J. Cram; Jean-Marie Lehn; Charles J. Pedersen | Susumu Tonegawa | Joseph Brodsky | Óscar Arias | Robert Solow |
| 1988 | Leon M. Lederman; Melvin Schwartz; Jack Steinberger | Johann Deisenhofer; Robert Huber; Hartmut Michel | James W. Black; Gertrude B. Elion; George H. Hitchings | Naguib Mahfouz | United Nations peacekeeping forces | Maurice Allais |
| 1989 | Norman Ramsey Jr.; Hans Georg Dehmelt; Wolfgang Paul | Sidney Altman; Thomas Cech | J. Michael Bishop; Harold E. Varmus | Camilo José Cela | Tenzin Gyatso (The 14th Dalai Lama) | Trygve Haavelmo |
| 1990 | Jerome Isaac Friedman; Henry Way Kendall; Richard E. Taylor | Elias James Corey | Joseph Murray; E. Donnall Thomas | Octavio Paz | Mikhail Gorbachev | Harry Markowitz; Merton Miller; William F. Sharpe |
| 1991 | Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | Richard R. Ernst | Erwin Neher; Bert Sakmann | Nadine Gordimer | Aung San Suu Kyi | Ronald Coase |
| 1992 | Georges Charpak | Rudolph A. Marcus | Edmond H. Fischer; Edwin G. Krebs | Derek Walcott | Rigoberta Menchú | Gary Becker |
| 1993 | Russell Alan Hulse; Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. | Kary Mullis; Michael Smith | Richard J. Roberts; Phillip Allen Sharp | Toni Morrison | Nelson Mandela; F. W. de Klerk | Robert Fogel; Douglass North |
| 1994 | Bertram Brockhouse; Clifford Shull | George Andrew Olah | Alfred G. Gilman; Martin Rodbell | Kenzaburō Ōe | Yasser Arafat; Shimon Peres; Yitzhak Rabin | John Harsanyi; John Forbes Nash Jr.; Reinhard Selten |
| 1995 | Martin Lewis Perl; Frederick Reines | Paul J. Crutzen; Mario J. Molina; F. Sherwood Rowland | Edward B. Lewis; Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard; Eric F. Wieschaus | Seamus Heaney | Joseph Rotblat; Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs | Robert Lucas Jr. |
| 1996 | David Lee; Douglas Osheroff; Robert Coleman Richardson | Robert Curl; Harry Kroto; Richard Smalley | Peter C. Doherty; Rolf M. Zinkernagel | Wisława Szymborska | Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo; José Ramos-Horta | James Mirrlees; William Vickrey |
| 1997 | Steven Chu; Claude Cohen-Tannoudji; William Daniel Phillips | Paul D. Boyer; John E. Walker; Jens Christian Skou | Stanley B. Prusiner | Dario Fo | International Campaign to Ban Landmines; Jody Williams | Robert C. Merton; Myron Scholes |
| 1998 | Robert B. Laughlin; Horst Ludwig Störmer; Daniel C. Tsui | Walter Kohn; John Pople | Robert F. Furchgott; Louis Ignarro; Ferid Murad | José Saramago | John Hume; David Trimble | Amartya Sen |
| 1999 | Gerard 't Hooft; Martinus J. G. Veltman | Ahmed Zewail | Günter Blobel | Günter Grass | Médecins Sans Frontières | Robert Mundell |
| 2000 | Jack Kilby; Zhores Alferov; Herbert Kroemer | Alan J. Heeger; Alan MacDiarmid; Hideki Shirakawa | Arvid Carlsson; Paul Greengard; Eric Kandel | Gao Xingjian | Kim Dae-jung | James Heckman; Daniel McFadden |
| 2001 | Eric Allin Cornell; Wolfgang Ketterle; Carl Wieman | William Standish Knowles; Ryōji Noyori; Karl Barry Sharpless | Leland H. Hartwell; Tim Hunt; Paul Nurse | V. S. Naipaul | United Nations; Kofi Annan | George Akerlof; Michael Spence; Joseph Stiglitz |
| 2002 | Riccardo Giacconi; Raymond Davis Jr.; Masatoshi Koshiba | John B. Fenn; Koichi Tanaka; Kurt Wüthrich | Sydney Brenner; H. Robert Horvitz; John Sulston | Imre Kertész | Jimmy Carter | Daniel Kahneman; Vernon L. Smith |
| 2003 | Alexei Abrikosov; Vitaly Ginzburg; Anthony James Leggett | Peter Agre; Roderick MacKinnon | Paul Lauterbur; Peter Mansfield | J. M. Coetzee | Shirin Ebadi | Robert F. Engle; Clive Granger |
| 2004 | David Gross; Hugh David Politzer; Frank Wilczek | Aaron Ciechanover; Avram Hershko; Irwin Rose | Richard Axel; Linda B. Buck | Elfriede Jelinek | Wangari Maathai | Finn E. Kydland; Edward C. Prescott |
| 2005 | Roy J. Glauber; John L. Hall; Theodor W. Hänsch | Yves Chauvin; Robert H. Grubbs; Richard R. Schrock | Barry Marshall; Robin Warren | Harold Pinter | International Atomic Energy Agency; Mohamed ElBaradei | Robert Aumann; Thomas Schelling |
| 2006 | John C. Mather; George Smoot | Roger D. Kornberg | Andrew Fire; Craig Mello | Orhan Pamuk | Muhammad Yunus; Grameen Bank | Edmund Phelps |
| 2007 | Albert Fert; Peter Grünberg | Gerhard Ertl | Mario Capecchi; Martin Evans; Oliver Smithies | Doris Lessing | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Al Gore | Leonid Hurwicz; Eric Maskin; Roger Myerson |
| 2008 | Yoichiro Nambu; Makoto Kobayashi; Toshihide Maskawa | Osamu Shimomura; Martin Chalfie; Roger Y. Tsien | Harald zur Hausen; Françoise Barré-Sinoussi; Luc Montagnier | J. M. G. Le Clézio | Martti Ahtisaari | Paul Krugman |
| 2009 | Charles K. Kao; Willard S. Boyle; George E. Smith | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan; Thomas A. Steitz; Ada Yonath | Elizabeth Blackburn; Carol W. Greider; Jack W. Szostak | Herta Müller | Barack Obama | Elinor Ostrom; Oliver E. Williamson |
| 2010 | Andre Geim; Konstantin Novoselov | Richard F. Heck; Ei-ichi Negishi; Akira Suzuki | Robert Edwards | Mario Vargas Llosa | Liu Xiaobo | Peter A. Diamond; Dale T. Mortensen; Christopher A. Pissarides |
| 2011 | Saul Perlmutter; Adam Riess; Brian Schmidt | Dan Shechtman | Bruce Beutler; Jules A. Hoffmann; Ralph M. Steinman | Tomas Tranströmer | Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; Leymah Gbowee; Tawakel Karman | Thomas J. Sargent; Christopher A. Sims |
| 2012 | Serge Haroche; David J. Wineland | Brian K. Kobilka; Robert J. Lefkowitz | John B. Gurdon; Shinya Yamanaka | Mo Yan | European Union | Alvin E. Roth; Lloyd S. Shapley |
| 2013 | François Englert; Peter W. Higgs | Martin Karplus; Michael Levitt; Arieh Warshel | James E. Rothman; Randy W. Schekman; Thomas C. Südhof | Alice Munro | Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons | Eugene F. Fama; Lars Peter Hansen; Robert J. Shiller |
| 2014 | Isamu Akasaki; Hiroshi Amano; Shuji Nakamura | Eric Betzig; Stefan Hell; William Moerner | John O'Keefe; May-Britt Moser; Edvard Moser | Patrick Modiano | Kailash Satyarthi; Malala Yousafzai | Jean Tirole |
| 2015 | Takaaki Kajita; Arthur B. McDonald | Tomas Lindahl; Paul L. Modrich; Aziz Sancar | William C. Campbell; Satoshi Ōmura; Tu Youyou | Svetlana Alexievich | Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet | Angus Deaton |
| 2016 | David J. Thouless; Duncan Haldane; John M. Kosterlitz | Jean-Pierre Sauvage; Fraser Stoddart; Ben Feringa | Yoshinori Ohsumi | Bob Dylan | Juan Manuel Santos | Oliver Hart; Bengt R. Holmström |
| 2017 | Rainer Weiss; Barry Barish; Kip Thorne | Jacques Dubochet; Joachim Frank; Richard Henderson | Jeffrey C. Hall; Michael Rosbash; Michael W. Young | Kazuo Ishiguro | International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons | Richard Thaler |
| 2018 | Arthur Ashkin; Gérard Mourou; Donna Strickland | Frances H. Arnold; George Smith; Greg Winter | James P. Allison; Tasuku Honjo | Olga Tokarczuk | Denis Mukwege; Nadia Murad | William Nordhaus; Paul Romer |
| 2019 | Jim Peebles; Michel Mayor; Didier Queloz | John B. Goodenough; M. Stanley Whittingham; Akira Yoshino | William Kaelin Jr.; Peter J. Ratcliffe; Gregg L. Semenza | Peter Handke | Abiy Ahmed | Abhijit Banerjee; Esther Duflo; Michael Kremer |
| 2020 | Roger Penrose; Reinhard Genzel; Andrea M. Ghez | Emmanuelle Charpentier; Jennifer Doudna | Harvey J. Alter; Michael Houghton; Charles M. Rice | Louise Glück | World Food Programme | Paul Milgrom; Robert B. Wilson |
| 2021 | Giorgio Parisi; Klaus Hasselmann; Syukuro Manabe | Benjamin List; David MacMillan | David Julius; Ardem Patapoutian | Abdulrazak Gurnah | Maria Ressa; Dmitry Muratov | David Card; Joshua Angrist; Guido Imbens |
| 2022 | Alain Aspect; John Clauser; Anton Zeilinger | Carolyn Bertozzi; Morten P. Meldal; Karl Barry Sharpless | Svante Pääbo | Annie Ernaux | Ales Bialiatski; Memorial; Centre for Civil Liberties | Ben Bernanke; Douglas Diamond; Philip H. Dybvig |
| 2023 | Pierre Agostini; Ferenc Krausz; Anne L'Huillier | Moungi Bawendi; Louis E. Brus; Alexey Ekimov | Katalin Karikó; Drew Weissman | Jon Fosse | Narges Mohammadi | Claudia Goldin |
| 2024 | John Hopfield; Geoffrey Hinton | David Baker; Demis Hassabis; John M. Jumper | Victor Ambros; Gary Ruvkun | Han Kang | Nihon Hidankyo | Daron Acemoglu; Simon Johnson; James A. Robinson |

## 50-year secrecy rule

The Committee neither informs the media nor the candidates themselves of the names of the nominees. Insofar as specific names frequently appear in the early predictions of who will receive the award in any given year, this is either pure speculation or inside information from the person or people who submitted the nomination. After fifty years, the database of nominations maintained by the Nobel Committee is made available to the public. Statutes of the Nobel Foundation, § 10, states:
   A prize-awarding body may, however, after due consideration in each individual case, permit access to material which formed the basis for the evaluation and decision concerning a prize, for purposes of research in intellectual history. Such permission may not, however, be granted until at least 50 years have elapsed after the date on which the decision in question was made.