# Hazarduari Palace

The Hazarduari Palace, earlier known as the Bara Kothi, is a former palace and now a national monument and public cultural museum, located in the campus of Kila Nizamat in Murshidabad, in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated near the bank of river Ganges. Based on designs by Colonel Duncan McLeod, the palace was built in the nineteenth-century Neoclassical Italianate style with Doric order influences, by Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah, the Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa between 1824 and 1838.
Together with the Nizamat Imambara, the palace is a Monument of National Importance since 1977, and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India since 1985.

## Kila Nizamat

The Kila Nizamat, also known as the Nizamat Kila and the Nizamat Imambara (Nizamat Fort), was the site of the old fort of Murshidabad. It was located on the present site of the Hazarduari Palace, on the banks of the Bhagirathi river. The fort was demolished to make way for the palace.

## Etymology

The palace draws its name from hazar, which means "thousand", and duari, which means "the one with doors". Hence, the name means "the one with a thousand doors". The palace was known as Bara Kothi, named as the palace that has one thousand doors, of which one hundred are false. They were built so that if any thief or robber tried to steal something and escape, he would be confused between the false and real doors and by that time he would be caught by the Nawab's guards.

## Architecture

Hazarduari Palace is a three-storied palatial building, set on a 17-hectare (41-acre) site, built in the Neoclassical Italianate style. The palace was designed by Colonel Duncan MacLeod, a Scottish architect of the Bengal Corps of Engineers, between 1829 and 1837. The palace is characterised by its symmetrical façade and triangular pediment portico supported by 52 Doric columns. The main gates are adorned with Naubat Khana (musician galleries); and each gate is large and high enough for an elephant to pass, with its howdah. The palace can be accessed by a flight of 37 stone steps on its northern side, with a base step that is 33 metres (108 ft) wide, with a stone lion statue on either side.
The former palace building is 129 metres (424 ft) long, 61 metres (200 ft) wide, and 24 metres (80 ft) high. Inside the palace, there are 114 large and lavishly decorated rooms, that include Durbar Hall, a banqueting hall, drawing rooms, sitting rooms, billiard rooms, a ballroom, library, committee room, and portrait gallery. The library has more than 3,000 manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, almost 12,000 books in English, Arabic, and Persian. The library contains a copy of the British Constitution, a hand-scribed Quran that is 1.2 metres (4 ft) long, 0.91 metres (3 ft) wide, and weighs approximately 20 kilograms (44 lb), and a large range of other historical texts and maps of the Mughal era.
In 1977 Hazarduari Palace was declared a Monument of National Importance, initially managed by the Government of West Bengal. The Archaeological Survey of India has administered the site since 1985, to enhance preservation. The former palace has been transformed into a museum which houses collections from the Nawabs including paintings, furniture, and other antiquities, including a secret mirror and large chandelier, that used to accommodate 1,001 candles, and now 96 light globes.
Located adjacent to the palace, are the Nizamat Imambara, the Murshidabad Clock Tower, both the old and new Madina Mosque, the Chawk Masjid, Bacchawali Tope, the Shia complex, Wasif Manzil, the two Zurud Mosques and Nizamat College.

## Miniature

A miniature of the palace, made by Sagore Mistri in ivory, along with portraits of His Highness and his son, among other presents, were sent to King William IV. He honoured the Nawab with a full-size portrait of His Majesty and an autographed letter, and conferred upon him the badge and insignia of the Royal Guelphic and Hanoverian order, which are still preserved in the former palace.

## Gallery

* The clock tower with the palace in the backdrop
* Clock tower
* Hazarduari Palace
* The palace gardens
* Hazarduari Palace from the back
* The palace's chandelier is the second largest in the world after that in the Buckingham Palace
* A map of the Nizamat Fort Campus, showing the Nizamat Imambara in yellow and other buildings