OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonas Gwangwa

Jonas Mosa Gwangwa OIG (19 October 1937 – 23 January 2021) was a South African jazz musician, songwriter and producer. He was an important figure in South African jazz for over 40 years.

## Life and career

Gwangwa was born in Orlando East, Soweto on 19 October 1937. He first gained prominence playing trombone with The Jazz Epistles. After the short-lived group broke up, he continued to be important to the South African music scene and then later abroad.
In the 1960s, he began to gain recognition in the United States, and in 1965 he was featured in a "Sound Of Africa" concert at Carnegie Hall. The others at the concert included South African musicians Miriam Makeba, Hugh Masekela, and Letta Mbulu. Despite his international fame, he was not seen favourably by the apartheid government, and went into exile in the 1970s.
Initially exiled to the United States, Gwangwa spent the late 1970s and a better part of the 1980s living in Gaborone, Botswana, where he founded the band Shakawe that included South African musicians Steve Dyer, Dennis Mpale, Tony Cedras and local Botswana musicians Rampholo Molefhe, Whyte Kgopo, Bonjo Keipedile, Tsholofelo Giddie and Japie Phiri. During his time in Gaborone, Gwangwa got involved in the MEDU Art Ensemble, a collection of anti-apartheid musicians, visual artists, and writers, working alongside other Botswana-based South African exiles such as Keorapetse Kgositsile, Baleka Mbeta, Tim Williams, Thami Mnyele and Mongane Wally Serote. During the 14 June 1985 apartheid South African Defence Force cross-border Raid on Gaborone, which killed MEDU members Mnyele, Mike Hamlyn and ten others, as well as bombing a house recently vacated by MEDU leader Williams, Gwangwa believed he and other artistic exiles were being targeted by the apartheid government and returned to overseas exile.
From 1980 to 1990, at the request of ANC leader in exile, Oliver Tambo, Gwangwa was the leader of Amandla, the cultural ensemble of the African National Congress. Gwangwa assembled Amandla participants from exiled South Africans in Angola and toured more than 40 countries with 'Amandla the musical,' a story of South Africa's struggle against apartheid told in artistic musical form.
In later life, he became important as a composer doing the scores of films like Cry Freedom (1987) and, at the 60th Annual Academy Awards in 1988, he performed his nominated song Cry Freedom. Also, in 1988, he performed at the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute in Wembley Stadium. In 1991, he returned to South Africa and in 1997 composed the theme for the country's Olympic bid.
Gwangwa is paid tribute as the subject of the composition "Portrait of Mosa Gwangwa" by Johnny Dyani, which appeared on Dyani's album Angolian Cry.
Gwangwa died due to cardiac complications on 23 January 2021, at the age of 83.

## Honours

* South Africa: Order of Ikhamanga, Gold (27 April 2010)
# Krikke

Krikke is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Harold Krikke (born 1967), Dutch scientist
* Jan Krikke [Wikidata] (born 1940), Dutch painter and sculptor
* Pauline Krikke (born 1961), Dutch politician
# International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk

The International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk, often referred and abbreviated as the IBC Code is the International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard for the carriage of chemicals as cargo in maritime transport.

## Content and application

The Code applies to chemical tankers built on or after 1 July 1986. Prior to 1986, ships were covered under the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code).
The Code covers how liquid chemicals must be transported in bulk and applies to substances listed in MARPOL Annex II. It includes requirements that govern the design, construction, and outfitting of new build or converted chemical tankers. Chapter 17 of the IBC Code lists each product and its carriage requirements, including ship type, tank type, pollution category, ventilation, environmental and fire safety considerations as well as additional speciﬁc requirements for toxicity, heat sensitivity, water reactivity and risk of polymerization.
Ships under the Code are designed according to three ship types: type 1, 2 or 3, with a type 3 ships transporting the most severe environmental and safety hazardous chemicals. The Code requires that the ship can withstand damage according to certain design requirements based on type and length.
Ships are required to possess a Certificate of Fitness that sets out what cargoes the chemical tanker can load, carry at sea and discharge.

## Amendments

In 2004, the Code was amended to keep it consistent with MARPOL and the amendments entered into force on 1 January 2007.
In 2019 amendments to the IBC Code wee adopted by the IMO under Resolutions MSC.460(101) and MEPC.318(74). These entered into force on 1 January 2021, and revised Chapters 17 and 18 of the code. The amendments applied to new and existing ships which have IBC Code Certificates of Fitness and Noxious Liquid Substances Certificates.
Cargoes in the code under Chapter 18 (list of products to which the code does not apply) moved to Chapter 17 meaning they are not allowed to be carried on tankers not having a Certificate of Fitness. These cargoes are now assigned MARPOL Annex II pollution category Z.
# Thüringer Energie Team

The Thüringer Energie Team was a German UCI Continental cycling team that existed from 2006 to 2013.
Many famous cyclists such as Marcel Kittel, Tony Martin, John Degenkolb, Maximilian Schachmann, and Jasha Sütterlin rode for the team.
# Mordella obliquirufa

Mordella obliquirufa is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1917.
# 2018 Moscow River Cup

The 2018 Moscow River Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the event and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2018 WTA Tour. It took place at the National Tennis Center in Moscow, Russia from 23 through 29 July 2018.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| GER | Julia Görges | 10 | 1 |
| RUS | Daria Kasatkina | 13 | 2 |
| LAT | Anastasija Sevastova | 22 | 3 |
| CZE | Kateřina Siniaková | 36 | 4 |
| BLR | Aliaksandra Sasnovich | 41 | 5 |
| ROU | Irina-Camelia Begu | 42 | 6 |
| FRA | Alizé Cornet | 48 | 7 |
| EST | Kaia Kanepi | 51 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of July 16, 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Antonia Lottner
* Anastasia Potapova
The following players received entry using a protected ranking into the singles main draw:
* Laura Siegemund
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Paula Badosa Gibert
* Deborah Chiesa
* Varvara Flink
* Valentini Grammatikopoulou
* Valentyna Ivakhnenko
* Martina Trevisan
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Irina Bara
* Olga Danilović

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Irina-Camelia Begu → replaced by Irina Bara
* Mihaela Buzărnescu → replaced by Viktoriya Tomova
* Sara Errani → replaced by Anna Karolína Schmiedlová
* Polona Hercog → replaced by Vera Zvonareva
* Petra Martić → replaced by Olga Danilović
* Yulia Putintseva → replaced by Tamara Zidanšek
* Elena Vesnina → replaced by Ekaterina Alexandrova

#### During the tournament

* Anastasija Sevastova

### Retirements

* Tamara Zidanšek

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| SUI | Xenia Knoll | SWE | Johanna Larsson | 87 | 1 |
| RUS | Veronika Kudermetova | BLR | Lidziya Marozava | 117 | 2 |
| AUS | Monique Adamczak | AUS | Jessica Moore | 129 | 3 |
| RUS | Natela Dzalamidze | AUS | Anastasia Rodionova | 132 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of July 16, 2018.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Sofya Lansere / Elena Rybakina
* Polina Monova / Maryna Zanevska

## Champions
### Singles

* Olga Danilović def. Anastasia Potapova, 7–5, 6–7$^{(1–7)}$, 6–4

### Doubles

* Anastasia Potapova / Vera Zvonareva def. Alexandra Panova / Galina Voskoboeva, 6–0, 6–3
# Zimlovisertib

Zimlovisertib (PF-06650833) is a drug which acts as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4). It has antiinflammatory effects and has been trialed for various indications including hidradenitis suppurativa and treatment of COVID-19 infection, and while it has not been adopted into clinical use it continues to be used for research in this area.
# After the Deadlines

After The Deadlines was an American evening news program of the early 1950s. It was broadcast on the ABC network from April 1951 to October 1952.
Typical of evening television news programs of the era, it lasted fifteen minutes. After the Deadlines aired at 7:00 PM, earlier than its competitors, Camel News Caravan (NBC, 7:45 PM) and Douglas Edwards with the News (CBS, 7:30 PM) in an attempt to draw news viewers from these more-established networks. Its predecessor was News and Views, and its successor was All-Star News and, eventually, ABC World News Tonight, as seen in this list:

## ABC evening news programs

* News and Views (August 11, 1948 – March 30, 1951)
* After the Deadlines (April 2, 1951 – October 3, 1952)
* All-Star News (October 6, 1952 – January 2, 1953)
* (No weekday evening news broadcast, January 5, 1953 – October 9, 1953)
* John Daly and the News (October 12, 1953 – September 12, 1958)
* ABC News (September 15, 1958 – May 8, 1959)
* John Daly and the News (May 11, 1959 – December 16, 1960)
* ABC World News Tonight (December 19, 1960 – present (As of 2015))
In 1951 and 1952, most American households did not have television receivers, and ABC was a distinctly minor network compared to NBC and CBS, so After the Deadlines was not a major factor in the overall news business, and the identity of the anchor or anchors of After the Deadlines may be lost to history.
# Sunner Kalan

Sunner Kalan (ਸੁੰਨੜ ਕਲਾਂ) is a village in the Jalandhar district of Punjab. It is a part of the Nurmahal tehsil in Jalandhar. The people that are from this village often have Sunner (surname) (ਸੁੰਨੜ), Jabber, Lagah, Bagha or Gahir as their surname. Many people from this village have settled abroad in countries like United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and USA. It is not far from Nurmahal, and some of the surrounding villages include: Jago Sangha, Sidhu Hari Singh, Ade Kali, Mithra, Pabwan and Bundala. Founded in 1732 under the Mughal Empire by Armaan Sunner, Sunner Kalan remained relatively stagnant growing slowly up to a population of 1,358 which was conducted by the 2011 Census of India
# Color of a Brisk and Leaping Day

Color of a Brisk and Leaping Day is a 1996 drama film written and directed by Christopher Münch about a Chinese-American's attempt at saving the Yosemite Valley Railroad in post-WWII California. It stars Peter Alexander and features R.E.M. singer Michael Stipe in a supporting role. The title comes from a poem by Octavio Paz.

## Cast

* Jeri Arredondo as Nancy
* Henry Gibson as Albert Robinson
* Michael Stipe as Skeeter
* Diana Larkin as Wendy
* Alexandra Bokyun Chun as Angela
* John Diehl as Pinchot
* Peter Alexander [d] as John Lee
* Joan Newmark as Mrs. Hopper

## Reception

Rotten Tomatoes has given the film a 20% rating from 5 critics. In a mixed review for the New York Times, Janet Maslin wrote "Part allegory and part photo essay, the film has a poetic beauty that rises above its brooding reticence. But too much of it lingers ineffectually over thoughts not quite spoken and deeds left undone." She praised the film's cinematography, saying "Whether capturing the natural beauty of clouds and wilderness or the grand old trains that summon a vivid American past, the film's look is extraordinarily eloquent and pure."
The Baltimore Sun gave the film a very positive review, which said "Munch has taken a kernel of a true story and made of it a richly contemplative work. It is a celebration of cinema and of railroads, which when joined, have a unique and romantic capacity for transporting us to a different time and place." Comparing the cinematography to photos of Yosemite by Ansel Adams, reviewer Kevin Thomas concluded that the film is a "wedding of dreams and technology" and "a beguiling, unique reverie."

## Awards

At the 1996 Sundance Film Festival, Rob Sweeney won the Cinematography Award and Christopher Münch was nominated for the Grand Jury Award. It also won Munch the Someone to Watch Award at the 11th Independent Spirit Awards.
# Ensis ensis

Ensis ensis, or the sword razor, is a razor clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pharidae. It lives buried in the sand and is found off the coasts of northwest Europe.

## Description

The two valves that make up the shell of Ensis ensis are parallel-sided, narrow and curved. The adult shell can be up to ten centimetres in length. The valves are thin and rather brittle. The edges are parallel, tapering slightly towards the posterior and are off white with transverse bands of brown. The shell is sculpted with fine co-marginal lines and the annual growth lines can be seen. The inner side of the shell is white with a purplish sheen. The periostracum is olive green and the foot is reddish. Two identifying features are that the posterior adductor muscle is positioned some one and a half times its own length from the pallial sinus, and that the muscle that retracts the foot is posterior to the insertion point of the ligature. Ensis siliqua and Ensis arcuatus are two other rather similar species that can be found living in the same localities, but the shells of both of them are less curved than this species.
Right and left valve of the same specimen:
* Right valve
* Left valve

## Distribution

E. ensis occurs off the coasts of northwest Europe, from the Baltic Sea and Norway to the Atlantic coast of Spain and Portugal. It is common around the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland.

## Biology

Ensis ensis burrows into clean or silty sand on the seabed in the neritic zone and the low intertidal zone. When covered with water this bivalve remains close to the surface but when disturbed or when the substrate is exposed it descends to half a metre below the surface. It can tunnel with great rapidity. It has two short siphons that normally extend up to the surface of the sand. It draws in water through one siphon and expels it through the other. By this means it both respires and extracts food particles from the water at the same time. At low tide, a keyhole-shaped depression in the sand is often the only visible sign that the bivalve is present.
Ensis ensis becomes mature at about three years old and may live for ten. Reproduction takes place in the spring and the larvae are pelagic and form part of the zooplankton. After about a month they settle out and burrow into the substrate.

## Ecology

Ensis ensis is often found living in association with other burrowing animals including the sea potato, Echinocardium cordatum, and the bivalve molluscs Tellina fabula and Chamelea gallina.
# 2019 AIBA World Boxing Championships

The 2019 AIBA World Boxing Championships were held in Yekaterinburg, Russia from 9 to 21 September 2019.
Weight classes have been adjusted to match those confirmed for the 2020 Olympic boxing tournament.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

* Host nation (Russia)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Uzbekistan | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | Russia* | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 4 | Cuba | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 | England | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | India | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | Ecuador | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Philippines | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | United States | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Armenia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Australia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Brazil | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Bulgaria | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | France | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Mongolia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (15 entries) | Totals (15 entries) | 8 | 8 | 16 | 32 |

### Medal events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Flyweight details | Shakhobidin Zoirov Uzbekistan | Amit Panghal India | Billal Bennama France |
| Flyweight details | Shakhobidin Zoirov Uzbekistan | Amit Panghal India | Saken Bibossinov Kazakhstan |
| Featherweight details | Mirazizbek Mirzakhalilov Uzbekistan | Lázaro Álvarez Cuba | Erdenebatyn Tsendbaatar Mongolia |
| Featherweight details | Mirazizbek Mirzakhalilov Uzbekistan | Lázaro Álvarez Cuba | Peter McGrail England |
| Light welterweight details | Andy Cruz Cuba | Keyshawn Davis United States | Manish Kaushik India |
| Light welterweight details | Andy Cruz Cuba | Keyshawn Davis United States | Hovhannes Bachkov Armenia |
| Welterweight details | Andrey Zamkovoy Russia | Pat McCormack England | Ablaikhan Zhussupov Kazakhstan |
| Welterweight details | Andrey Zamkovoy Russia | Pat McCormack England | Bobo-Usmon Baturov Uzbekistan |
| Middleweight details | Gleb Bakshi Russia | Eumir Marcial Philippines | Hebert Conceição Brazil |
| Middleweight details | Gleb Bakshi Russia | Eumir Marcial Philippines | Tursynbay Kulakhmet Kazakhstan |
| Light heavyweight details | Bekzad Nurdauletov Kazakhstan | Dilshodbek Ruzmetov Uzbekistan | Julio César La Cruz Cuba |
| Light heavyweight details | Bekzad Nurdauletov Kazakhstan | Dilshodbek Ruzmetov Uzbekistan | Benjamin Whittaker England |
| Heavyweight details | Muslim Gadzhimagomedov Russia | Julio Castillo Ecuador | Radoslav Pantaleev Bulgaria |
| Heavyweight details | Muslim Gadzhimagomedov Russia | Julio Castillo Ecuador | Vassiliy Levit Kazakhstan |
| Super heavyweight details | Bakhodir Jalolov Uzbekistan | Kamshybek Kunkabayev Kazakhstan | Maksim Babanin Russia |
| Super heavyweight details | Bakhodir Jalolov Uzbekistan | Kamshybek Kunkabayev Kazakhstan | Justis Huni Australia |
# Kurumbas (tribe)

Kurumbas (or) Kurumbar (Tamil: Kurumbans, Kurumbars) (Malayalam: Kuruman) (Kannada: Kuruba, Kurubaru) are a designated Scheduled Tribe or an indigenous community in the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Nilgiris). The Nilgiris district is home to six tribes. The Kurumbar are one of the earliest known inhabitants of the Western Ghats, who are engaged in the collection and gathering of forest produce, mainly wild honey, wax and elephant husbandry. Non-Nilgiri Kurumbar peoples are generally shepherds. They are historically same but culturally different from each other. Nilgiri Kurumbar peoples speak Kurumba language (Tamil-kannada mixed language). New alphabets are released for Kurumba language by some Government Teachers.
Nadukarkal (Ancestors stone) plays a main role in Kurumbar deity. Also, the main deity of the tribe is Lord Shiva under the name of Bhairava. They also worship animals, birds, trees, rock hillocks, and snakes, along with the other Hindu deities. Kurumbar are partially sanskritised to believing in Hinduism.
There are several divisions of Kurumbas: Jenu, Betta and Alu. Each of these divisions speaks their own Dravidian language. Jenu Kurubas are primarily found in the northern part of the Nilgiris, in the Mysuru district of Karnataka.
Kurumbas (Nilgiris) are one of the six ancient tribal groups in Tamil Nadu. According to the Madras Census Report of 1891, the Pallavas were Kurumbas. Hunting and collecting forest produce are the two main means of living for the Kurumbar tribe. However, the restrictions to protect native forest and wildlife have forced them to find work outside the forests.
# General Tire 200

General Tire 200 may refer to several ARCA Menards Series races:
* General Tire 200 (Talladega), a race at Talladega Superspeedway, first held in 1969
* General Tire 200 (Sonoma), a race at Sonoma Raceway, first held in 1969 as well
* General Tire Delivers 200, a race at Pocono Raceway, first in 1969, and renamed for 2022
# Kubic

Kubic is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Rick Kubic, Chicago-based percussionist
* Yanna Kubic [Wikidata] (born 1976), Polish-born London-based conceptual artist
# List of heads of state of Jamaica

This is a list of the heads of state of Jamaica, from the independence of Jamaica in 1962 to the present day.
From 1962 the head of state under the Jamaica Independence Act 1962 is the Monarch of Jamaica, currently Charles III, who is also the King of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The King is represented in Jamaica by a Governor-General.

## Monarch (1962–present)

The succession to the throne is the same as the succession to the British throne.
| No. | Portrait | Monarch (Birth–Death) | Reign | Reign | Reign | Royal House | Prime Minister |
| No. | Portrait | Monarch (Birth–Death) | Reign start | Reign end | Duration | Royal House | Prime Minister |
| 1 | | Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022) | 6 August 1962 | 8 September 2022 | 60 years, 33 days | Windsor | Bustamante Sangster Shearer Manley Seaga Manley Patterson Simpson-Miller Golding Holness Simpson-Miller Holness |
| 2 | | King Charles III (born 1948) | 8 September 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 182 days | Windsor | Holness |

### Governor-General

The Governor-General is the representative of the monarch in Jamaica and exercises most of their powers. The Governor-General is appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General is appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Jamaica without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

#### Status

| No. | Portrait | Governor-General (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Monarch | Prime Minister |
| No. | Portrait | Governor-General (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Monarch | Prime Minister |
| 1 | | Sir Kenneth Blackburne (1907–1980) | 6 August 1962 | 30 November 1962 | 116 days | Elizabeth II | Bustamante |
| 2 | | Sir Clifford Campbell (1892–1991) | 1 December 1962 | 28 February 1973 | 10 years, 89 days | Elizabeth II | Bustamante Sangster Shearer Manley |
| – | | Sir Herbert Duffus (1908–2002) | 28 February 1973 | 27 June 1973 | 119 days | Elizabeth II | Manley |
| 3 | | Sir Florizel Glasspole (1909–2000) | 27 June 1973 | 31 March 1991 | 17 years, 277 days | Elizabeth II | Manley Seaga Manley |
| – | | Sir Edward Zacca (1931–2019) | 31 March 1991 | 1 August 1991 | 123 days | Elizabeth II | Manley |
| 4 | | Sir Howard Cooke (1915–2014) | 1 August 1991 | 15 February 2006 | 14 years, 198 days | Elizabeth II | Manley Patterson |
| 5 | | Sir Kenneth O. Hall (born 1941) | 15 February 2006 | 26 February 2009 | 3 years, 11 days | Elizabeth II | Patterson Simpson-Miller Golding |
| 6 | | Sir Patrick Allen (born 1951) | 26 February 2009 | Incumbent | 16 years, 11 days | Elizabeth II Charles III | Golding Holness Simpson-Miller Holness |

## Standards

* Royal Standard of Elizabeth II
* Governor-General's Standard
# South Korea–United Arab Emirates relations

South Korea–United Arab Emirates relations are the bilateral relations between South Korea and United Arab Emirates. Since establishing diplomatic ties in June of 1980, Korea and the UAE have continued cooperation in various fields, including energy, construction, defense, and culture. As of 2023, the UAE is Korea's 14th trading partner.
On May 28, 2024, the President of the United Arab Emirates Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan paid a state visit to South Korea at the invitation of President Yoon Suk Yeol. This is the first time a UAE president has visited Korea.

## Economic cooperations

   "The cooperation between our countries has evolved from developing plants and oil fields into that of a special strategic partnership, exemplified by the Barakah Nuclear Power Plant... We will provide support so that the seeds of cooperation can grow."
In 2009, a consortium led by Korea Electric Power Corporation signed a contract worth $20 billion to export nuclear reactors to Barakah, 270 km west of Abu Dhabi. This project is South Korea's first commercial nuclear reactor export.