OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cum Laude Society

The Cum Laude Society is an organization that honors academic achievement at secondary institutions, similar to the Phi Beta Kappa, which honors academic achievements at the university level.

## History

The Cum Laude Society was founded at the Tome School in 1906 as the Alpha Delta Tau fraternity. Its founder was Dr. A. W. Harris, then director of the Tome School. It was established to encourage and recognize scholastic achievement in secondary schools. Harris also wanted to encourage community and alumni support for secondary schools.
Alpha Delta Tau was created to be similar to the collegiate society, Phi Beta Kappa. It was the first organization of its type for secondary schools in the United States. Only the top fifth of a school senior class was eligible for membership in the fraternity. Originally, it admitted both students and faculty. Its first president was Robert W. Tunstall, head of the ancient languages department at Tome.
The fraternity held its first national convention at Boston University in January 1909. Delegates attended from Tome School, Evanston Academy, Phillips Exeter Academy, and William Penn Charter School. Harris, then president of Northwestern University, became the first president general. Dr. H. L. Rich of Tome School was elected its first secretary general. The fraternity's board of regents set goals of expansion, countering the influence of athletics, and encouraging support for academics.
Alpha Delta Tau changed its name to the Cum Laude Society in 1916. Today, it has 382 chapters; all but twenty are at private or independent schools in the United States. Its national headquarters is in Louisville, Kentucky.

## Symbols

The society's Greek motto is Areté, Diké, Timé, which translates as "Excellence, Justice, Honor".

## Membership

Approximately 4,000 students are inducted into Cum Laude Society each year. Participating secondary institutions may nominate up to twenty percent of their graduating class for induction into the society.

## Chapters

The Cum Laude Society has 382 chapters in eight geographic districts across the United States and abroad.
# Oscar Crozier

Oscar Crozier was a sugar planter and state legislator who served in the Louisiana State Senate during the Reconstruction era from 1874 until 1875.

## Biography

Crozier was born circa 1843 and was a sugar planter from Lafourche Parish, Louisiana.
In 1869 he was appointed as an assessor for the U.S. Internal Revenue for the Lafourche Parish, and in 1870 he was appointed alderman of Thibodaux, Louisiana by Governor Henry C. Warmoth.
Crozier was a Republican, spoke at republican meetings and was elected as delegate for multiple conventions. He was elected as a delegate to the state convention August 6, 1870 along with Albert J. Brooks. In July 1871 he was elected to be a delegate at the August state convention along with William Murrell, where he was made vice president and was appointed to the executive committee for the state. He was elected along with William Murrell to again be a delegate in the following years republican state convention in August 1872.
Governor Warmoth nominated Crozier as the tax collector for Lafourche Parish in 1872, a job he was still performing in 1877. The same year Crozier as president of the Lafourche School Board noted that the parish had 1100 pupils in public schooling.
In 1874 he was nominated again to be a delegate for the state convention but was also nominated to run for senator for the eighth senatorial district.
He was narrowly elected to serve in the Louisiana State Senate beating the democratic candidate by 4441 to 4395 and he only served until April 1875 when he was removed from that office due to the Wheeler Compromise for the resolution of the 1874 election disputes.
Crozier remained active in parish politics into the 1890s still attending republic state conventions until at least 1892.
He died sometime before February 1896 when his mother, Clarisse, died after fatally burning herself after setting her dress on fire whilst using coal oil to light a fire.
# Raphitoma smriglioi

Raphitoma smriglioi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 9.4 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea off Sicily, Italy.
# Aethes destituta

Aethes destituta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Razowski in 1983. It is endemic to Iran.
# Wataru Iwashita

Wataru Iwashita (岩下 航, Iwashita Wataru, born 1 April 1999) is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a full back for Roasso Kumamoto.

## Club career

Iwashita was confirmed to have joined J1 League side Kashiwa Reysol ahead of the 2022 season.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 2 April 2022.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Toin University of Yokohama | 2019 | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Toin University of Yokohama | 2020 | – | – | – | 2 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Toin University of Yokohama | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| Roasso Kumamoto | 2021 | J3 League | 25 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 27 | 4 |
| Kashiwa Reysol | 2022 | J1 League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 26 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 5 |

#### Notes

* 1 2 3 Appearances in the Emperor's Cup
* ↑ Appearances in the J.League Cup
# Świdno, Lublin Voivodeship

Świdno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chodel, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Chodel, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Opole Lubelskie, and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Lublin.
# Aesculus chinensis

Aesculus chinensis, the Chinese horse chestnut or Chinese buckeye (Chinese: 七叶树; pinyin: qi ye shu), is a deciduous temperate tree species in the genus Aesculus found across China. It was first successfully introduced to Britain in 1912 by plant collector William Purdom, who collected six young plants from the grounds of a temple in the western hills of Beijing, and brought them back to Veitch's Nursery in Coombe Hill near London. Purdom's correspondence regarding this event are held in the archives of the Arnold Arboretum. One plant was sent to the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and two to the Arnold Arboretum in Boston. The original tree at Kew no longer exists but a young tree grafted from the original now grows in the Rhododendron Dell.
As a mature tree Aesculus chinensis can grow up to 80–90 ft or 25m tall. Its palmate mid green leaves have 5-7 leaflets, usually glabrous beneath.
It produces large white upright panicles of flowers from May to June. These are followed by round smooth fruit capsules, which contain 1 to 2 dark brown seeds.
The seed contains triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids, such as aescuflavoside and aescuflavoside A, which are glycosides of quercetin. Research has been conducted into the anti-inflammatory potential of the four main saponins contained within the seeds.
# What Every Woman Knows (1921 film)

What Every Woman Knows is a 1921 American silent comedy-drama film adapted form the play What Every Woman Knows by James Barrie. The play had premiered on Broadway in 1908 and was a hit starring Maude Adams. A British silent film version had been made in 1917 and a later American talkie would be produced in 1934 with Helen Hayes. This silent film version was directed by William C. deMille continuing his forte at adapting literary and/or stage plays to the silent screen. The film stars Lois Wilson and Conrad Nagel. This version is now lost.

## Plot

Based on a summary in a film publication, Maggie Wylie's (Wilson) father agrees to give John Shand $300 to help him secure his education and political ambitions on condition that Maggie have the option of marrying him within five years. By doing so the elder Wylie is giving the 27-year-old miss the chance for the romance she longs for and at the same time helping an ambitious young man. Shand agrees and within the allotted time is elected to Parliament. Maggie realizes that John does not love her, but he insists "a bargain is a bargain" and so they are married. John becomes very popular and is promised promotion through his excellent speeches, which are written mostly by Maggie although John takes credit. Eventually, he falls in love with Lady Sybil (Tucker) and, although heartbroken, Maggie diplomatically arranges for John and Sybil to be together. John's next speech is a failure, but Maggie arrives in time with a new one. Lady Sybil tells John that he bores her and leaves. Gradually John comes to see Maggie's true worth and there is a reconciliation.

## Cast

* Lois Wilson as Maggie Wylie
* Conrad Nagel as John Shand
* Charles Ogle as Alick Wylie
* Fred Huntley as David Wylie
* Guy Oliver as James Wylie
* Winter Hall as Charles Venables
* Lillian Tucker as Sybil Tenterden
* Claire McDowell as Comtesse de la Briere
* Robert Brower as Scot Lawyer
# Gungrog

Gungrog is a geographical area which is part of Welshpool (English) Y Trallwng (Welsh), Powys in Wales. It is a stretch of elevated ground which includes residential development but which also has significant areas of agricultural land. The area runs north to south on the western side of Welshpool.
Gungrog is part of the town of Welshpool and is an electoral ward for the Town Council.
It is mentioned in the Welsh Medieval tale "Breuddwyd Rhonabwy" as being the place where the fictional character Rhonabwy, has a dream which depicts an encounter with King Arthur who is about to do battle with the Saxons is set.
Known as The Dream of Rhonabwy in English it is part of the collection of Welsh Medieval tales known as the Mabinogi or Mabinogion. These date from between the 11th and 14th centuries.
* This Powys location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Humphrey Humphreys

Humphrey Humphreys (24 November 1648 – 20 November 1712) was successively Bishop of Bangor (1689–1701) and Bishop of Hereford (1701–1712).

## Life

Born 24 November 1648 in Hendre, Penrhyndeudraeth, the eldest son of Richard Humphreys and Margaret, daughter of Robert Wynne of Cesailgyfarch, Caernarfonshire. He was educated at Oswestry and Bangor grammar schools, and then at Jesus College, Oxford, graduating B.A. 1669, M.A. 1672, being elected a Fellow of Jesus College 1672–3, B.D. 1679, and D.D. 1682.
He served as chaplain to the Bishop of Bangor, then as rector of Llanfrothen (1670) and Trawsfynydd (1672). He was Dean of Bangor from 1680, and elected Bishop in 1689.
A patron of Welsh literature, genealogical research and of the then newly formed Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK). Humphreys stands out among Welsh bishops of his period. Edward Lhuyd spoke highly of his competence as an antiquarian.
# Zach Sproule

Zach Sproule (born 12 May 1998) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Greater Western Sydney in the Australian Football League (AFL). He joined the club as a Category B rookie selections coming from the Giants Academy. He made his senior debut against Western Bulldogs in round 22 of the 2019 season. Zach signed with the South Adelaide Football Club in the SANFL for the 2023 season.
# Will Nicholls

Will Nicholls is a professional wildlife cameraman and wildlife photographer from Northumberland in the United Kingdom.
In 2023, he was nominated for a BAFTA for cinematography for his work on the Netflix/Sky Nature co-production Predators.

## Education

Nicholls was a student at the Newcastle Royal Grammar School between 2006 and 2013. He then studied Zoology at the University of Exeter in England between 2014 and 2017.

## Career

Nicholls started taking pictures of wildlife when he was 12 years old. He has traveled across the United Kingdom, to Cambodia, Amazonia, Nepal and to other locations as a photographer and wildlife documentary maker. He has been interviewed by Live ‘n’ Deadly, BBC Countryfile and BBC News.
In 2015, Prince Harry spent time in a wildlife hide with Nicholls in search of red squirrels as part of a visit to learn about red squirrel conservation in the area. Nicholls has been involved in red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) conservation for a number of years, as the species is endangered in the United Kingdom.

## Nature TTL

He runs a free resource called Nature TTL, set up for nature photographers, which contains contributions and instructional articles by photographers. In 2019, Nature TTL launched the inaugural Nature TTL Photographer of the Year competition.

## Awards

* 2009: Overall Winner, Young British Wildlife Photographer of the Year, British Wildlife Photography Awards
* 2011: Overall Winner, RSPCA Young Photographer Awards
* 2023: BAFTA TV Craft Awards Nominee. Photography: Factual.

## Publications

* On the Trail of Red Squirrels Hexham, UK: Wagtail, 2013. ISBN 978-0955939525.
# Dangerous Curves (1929 film)

Dangerous Curves is a 1929 American Pre-Code film starring Clara Bow and Richard Arlen. It was released by Paramount Pictures and was the first Hollywood film for Kay Francis. The film entered the public domain on January 1, 2025.

## Plot

Pat Delaney is working in a circus as one of the female bareback riders. She is in love with Larry Lee, an arrogant trapeze artist and the circus's biggest act. He does not seem to notice her, though, as he is used to being adored by tons of women. He is in a relationship with Zara, a manipulative vamp.
Larry's boss warns him about Zara, explaining that he has been incurring a lot of debts since he began dating her and that his act is no longer as powerful as in the past. One day, Pat and Larry get acquainted, and she intimates that she has feelings about him and that they should do an act together. Although he makes clear that his heart belongs to someone else, he convinces the circus manager to give Pat a try on the wire.
Later that day, Pat catches Zara having a date with another man, Tony. When she tells Larry about the affair, he madly confronts Zara and threatens to beat up Tony. He is interrupted by the notion that he has to perform, but he is unable to concentrate and falls off the tight-rope. He is taken to the hospital and soon recovers, but then goes missing from the circus. He refuses to come back and spends his time getting drunk instead. When he finds out that Zara and Tony have left the circus and are now struggling to get work, he sympathizes with them. Upon finding out that he is not planning on returning to the circus, Pat is determined to convince him to do otherwise. Together they form an act, but it soon becomes clear that Larry has lost his talent.
Pat has trouble breaking through his distant behavior, but she convinces him to teach her how to walk a tight-rope. During this progress, he finds his talent again and urges Zara to come back to work on the greatest tight-rope act in history. When Pat finds out, she feels used and confronts Larry with an outburst before leaving in tears. The circus manager tries to comfort her and offers her her own wire act. Meanwhile, Larry is left behind by Zara, who turns out to have married Tony. On the night of her premiere, a drunken Larry tells Pat about his failure. As she tries to comfort him, she misses her premiere and is fired. Larry has collapsed in the meanwhile and Pat decides to pose as him on stage. When Larry awakens, he shows his gratitude and kisses her.

## Cast

* Clara Bow as Patricia Delaney, a circus bareback rider
* Richard Arlen Larry Lee, a tight-rope walker
* Kay Francis as Zara Flynn, Larry's partner
* David Newell as Tony Barretti, another circus performer
* Anders Randolf as Colonel P.P. Brack
* May Boley as Ma Spinelli
* T. Roy Barnes as Po Spinelli
* Joyce Compton as Jennie Silver
* Stuart Erwin as Rotarian
# Marty Essen

Marty Essen is an American naturalist, author, photographer, and professional speaker. He has written eight books, Cool Creatures, Hot Planet: Exploring the Seven Continents, Endangered Edens: Exploring the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica, the Everglades, and Puerto Rico, Time Is Irreverent, Time Is Irreverent 2: Jesus Christ, Not Again! Time Is Irreverent 3: Gone for 16 Seconds, Hits, Heathens, and Hippos: Stories from an Agent, Activist, and Adventurer, Doctor Refurb, and The Silver Squad: Rebels With Wrinkles.

## Early life

Essen was born in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. He attended Duluth East High School and University of Minnesota Duluth.

## Career

Essen worked as a radio announcer at WEBC-AM and KQDS-FM. In 1982, he moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he ran two music talent management agencies, National Talent Associates and Twin City Talent. In 1996, Essen moved to Victor, Montana to found Essen Communications Corporation, a local telephone company, and later became an author and a college speaker.
His first book, Cool Creatures, Hot Planet, became a Minneapolis Star-Tribune Top-10 Green Book. He performs a live college show, Around the World in 90 Minutes, based on Cool Creatures, Hot Planet. One adventure, documented in both his first book and his live show, is surviving a hippo attack in Zimbabwe.
Essen's nature photography is featured prominently in his books and live show. His outdoor photographs are also in Deb Essen's book, Easy Weaving with Supplemental Warps: Overshot, Velvet, Shibori, and More. Magazines publishing his photos include Reptiles Magazine and Handwoven Magazine.
Essen's three nonfiction books advocate for protecting endangered species and the environment, and his four fiction books are science-fiction political-comedies that advocate for the protection of human rights and the environment.

## Personal life

Essen resides in Victor, Montana and is married to weaving designer and author Deb Essen.

## Book awards

* 2006 Foreword Reviews' INDIEFAB Book of the Year Award Winner (Bronze)
* 2007 Benjamin Franklin Award for Travel/Essay
* 2007 Ippy Award for Travel/Essay (Bronze)
* 2009 Green Book Festival Award for Animals
* 2016 Nautilus Award for Animals & Nature (Silver)
* 2016 Nautilus Award for Middle Grades Non-Fiction (Silver)
* 2024 Indies Today Award for Best Humor Book

## Books

* Cool Creatures, Hot Planet: Exploring the Seven Continents
* Endangered Edens: Exploring the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica, the Everglades, and Puerto Rico
* Time Is Irreverent
* Time Is Irreverent 2: Jesus Christ, Not Again!
* Time Is Irreverent 3: Gone for 16 Seconds
* Hits, Heathens, and Hippos: Stories from an Agent, Activist, and Adventurer
* Doctor Refurb
* The Silver Squad: Rebels With Wrinkles

## Live Shows

Essen has been touring the United States, performing Around the World in 90 Minutes, at hundreds of colleges since 2007.
# 11th Japan Record Awards

The 11th Annual Japan Record Awards took place at the Imperial Garden Theater in Chiyoda, Tokyo, on December 31, 1969, starting at 7:00PM JST. The primary ceremonies were televised in Japan on TBS.

## Award winners

Japan Record Award
* Naomi Sagara (ja) for "Iijanai No Shiawase Naraba" (ja)
** Awarded New Artist at 2 years ago, 2nd award.
** Lyricist: Tokiko Iwatani
** Composer: Taku Izumi (ja)
** Arranger: Taku Izumi
** Record Company: JVCKenwood Victor Entertainment
Best Vocalist
* Shinichi Mori for "Minatomachi Blues" (ja)
** Lost to Naomi Sagara by one vote.
Best New Artist
* Peter for "Yoru To Asa No Aida Ni" (ja)
New Artist Award
* Norihiko Hashida and the Shoebelts for "Kaze" (ja)
* Hiroshi Uchiyamada and Cool Five for "Nagasaki Wa Kyō Mo Ame Datta" (ja)
* Kaoru Chiga (ja) for "Mayonaka No Guitar" (ja)
* Kyōko Takada (ja) for "Minna Yume No Naka" (ja)
Vocalist Award
* Mina Aoe for "Ikebukuro no Yoru" (ja)
** Awarded again after last year, 2nd vocalist award.
* Mieko Hirota for "Ningyō no Ie" (ja)
* Tokiko Kato for "Hitorine No Komori Uta"
General Public Award
* Kiyoko Suizenji for "365 Step's March" (ja) & "Jinjitsu Ichiro No March"
* Ryoko Moriyama for "Kinjireta Koi" (ja)
Lyricist Award
* Michio Yamagami (ja) for "Yoake no Scat"
** Singer: Saori Yuki
Composer Award
* Kyōhei Tsutsumi for "Blue Light Yokohama" (ja)
** Singer: Ayumi Ishida
Arranger Award
* Shinzō Teraoka (ja) for "Kanashimi Wa Kake Ashi De Yatte Kuru"
** Singer: Mariko Ann
** Awarded again after 5 years, 2nd arranger award.
Planning Award
* EMI Music Japan
** Awarded again after 3 years, 3rd planning award.
Children's Song Award
* Three Bubbles for "Umareta Kyō Dai 11-nin"
Special Award
* Takao Saeki (ja)
* EMI Music Japan

## Other Performers
### Guests

* Jun Mayuzumi (Last year's Japan Record Award winner, give trophy to Naomi Sagara.)
* Yoichi Sugawara (Last year's vocalist award winner, give trophy to Mori Shinichi.)
* Pinky & Killers (Last year's new artist award winner, give trophy to Peter and banquet to Naomi Sagara.)
* Yukio Hashi
* Hibari Misora

### Dancers

* Studio No.1 Dancers
* BM Dancers

### Chorus

* Cole Acacia
* Wakakusa Children's Chorus
# Red-bellied paradise flycatcher

The red-bellied paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone rufiventer), also known as the black-headed paradise flycatcher, is a medium-sized passerine bird of the family of monarch flycatchers. It is native to intra-tropical forests of Africa. The male bird is about 17 cm (7 in) long and has a black head, a mainly chestnut body, and a tail with streamers nearly twice as long as the body. The colouring is somewhat variable across the bird's range. Both females and juveniles lack the tail streamers and are a duller brown colour. It is closely related to the African paradise flycatcher, and the two can hybridise.

## Taxonomy

The red-bellied paradise flycatcher was formally described and illustrated in 1837 by the English zoologist William Swainson under the binomial name Muscipeta rufiventer. Although Swainson was describing birds from West Africa, the type locality has been restricted to Senegal. The specific epithet is Modern Latin meaning "red-bellied" from Latin rufus meaning "ruddy" or "rufous" and venter, ventris meaning "belly". The red-bellied paradise flycatcher is now one of 16 paradise flycatchers placed in the genus Terpsiphone that was introduced in 1827 by the German zoologist Constantin Gloger.
Eleven subspecies are recognised:
* T. r. rufiventer (Swainson, 1837) – Senegal, Gambia and west Guinea
* T. r. nigriceps (Hartlaub, 1855) – Sierra Leone and Guinea to Togo and southwest Benin
* T. r. fagani (Bannerman, 1921) – Benin and southwest Nigeria
* T. r. tricolor (Fraser, 1843) – Bioko (island in Gulf of Guinea)
* T. r. neumanni Stresemann, 1924 – southeast Nigeria to north Angola
* T. r. schubotzi (Reichenow, 1911) – southeast Cameroon and southwest Central African Republic
* T. r. mayombe (Chapin, 1932) – Congo and west DR Congo
* T. r. somereni Chapin, 1948 – west, south Uganda
* T. r. emini Reichenow, 1893 – southeast Uganda, west Kenya and northwest Tanzania
* T. r. ignea (Reichenow, 1901) – east Central African Republic, DR Congo, northeast Angola and northwest Zambia
* T. r. smithii (Fraser, 1843) – Annobón Island (south Gulf of Guinea) (Annobón paradise flycatcher)
The subspecies T. r. smithii has sometimes been considered as a separate species, the Annobón paradise flycatcher.
# Świerczyna, Lublin Voivodeship

Świerczyna (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zakrzówek, within Kraśnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Zakrzówek, 16 km (10 mi) east of Kraśnik, and 37 km (23 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.
# Żabia Wola, Gmina Głusk

Żabia Wola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głusk, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.