OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kochanek–Bartels spline

In mathematics, a Kochanek–Bartels spline or Kochanek–Bartels curve is a cubic Hermite spline with tension, bias, and continuity parameters defined to change the behavior of the tangents.
Given n + 1 knots,
    p$_0$, ..., p$_n$,
to be interpolated with n cubic Hermite curve segments, for each curve we have a starting point p$_i$ and an ending point p$_{i+1}$ with starting tangent d$_i$ and ending tangent d$_{i+1}$ defined by
    $\mathbf {d} _{i}={\frac {(1-t)(1+b)(1+c)}{2}}(\mathbf {p} _{i}-\mathbf {p} _{i-1})+{\frac {(1-t)(1-b)(1-c)}{2}}(\mathbf {p} _{i+1}-\mathbf {p} _{i})$
    $\mathbf {d} _{i+1}={\frac {(1-t)(1+b)(1-c)}{2}}(\mathbf {p} _{i+1}-\mathbf {p} _{i})+{\frac {(1-t)(1-b)(1+c)}{2}}(\mathbf {p} _{i+2}-\mathbf {p} _{i+1})$
where...
| t | tension | Changes the length of the tangent vector |
| b | bias | Primarily changes the direction of the tangent vector |
| c | continuity | Changes the sharpness in change between tangents |
Setting each parameter to zero would give a Catmull–Rom spline.
The source code of Steve Noskowicz in 1996 actually describes the impact that each of these values has on the drawn curve:
| Tension | T = +1→ Tight | T = −1→ Round |
| Bias | B = +1→ Post Shoot | B = −1→ Pre shoot |
| Continuity | C = +1→ Inverted corners | C = −1→ Box corners |
The code includes matrix summary needed to generate these splines in a BASIC dialect.
# Bazoft-e Pain Rural District

Bazoft-e Pain Rural District (Persian: دهستان بازفت پايين) is in Bazoft District of Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital was the village of Chaman Goli. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Dehnash.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as Bazoft Rural District) was 8,526 in 1,441 households. There were 8,880 inhabitants in 1,804 households in the census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 9,079 in 2,141 households. The most populous of its 45 villages was Cham Qaleh, with 1,469 people.
Other villages in the rural district include Arteh, Gazestan, Mavarz, and Tabarak-e Sofla.
# Gypsyamber D'Souza

Gypsyamber D'Souza is an American epidemiologist. She is a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. D'Souza's main focuses of research are infectious diseases (including HPV, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2), cancer prevention, and translational epidemiology. She is a principal investigator of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study / Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study (Mwccs.org).

## Education

D'Souza earned a B.A. from Swarthmore College in 1996 and an M.S. from University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1999. She completed an M.P.H. at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 2001, and a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2007. Her dissertation was titled Oropharyngeal cancer attributable to human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) infection. Her doctoral advisors were Patti Gravitt [Wikidata] and Maura L. Gillison.

## Career and research

D'Souza is a professor in the division of cancer epidemiology within the department of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. She is jointly affiliated in the division of global disease epidemiology and control within the department of international health and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
D'Souza researches infectious diseases, behavioral risk management, and translational epidemiology. She is the lead of a HPV and related cancer research program that also investigates risk triage and risk communication. D'Souza is a principal investigator on the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) / Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Combined Cohort Study (MACS/WIHS-CSS), a collaborative research effort that aims to understand and reduce the impact of chronic health conditions—including heart, lung, blood, and sleep (HLBS) disorders—that affect people living with HIV.
# Patty Person Taylor House

Patty Person Taylor House is a historic home located near Louisburg, Franklin County, North Carolina. It was built about 1783, and is a two-story, five-bay, Georgian style frame dwelling. It has a gable roof and one-story rear extension. It has a center-hall plan one room deep, with notable Georgian woodwork. It was the home of the sister of Thomas Person (1733–1800), who died at the house in 1800.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
# Júnior César

Júnior César Eduardo Machado or simply Júnior César (born April 9, 1982, in Magé), is a Brazilian left back. He is currently a free agent.

## Career

Júnior César started his career at Fluminense, he subsequently played for Santos Laguna, Botafogo, São Paulo, Flamengo and Atlético Mineiro.

### Career statistics

    (Correct as of May 13, 2012)
| Club | Season | State League | State League | Brazilian Série A | Brazilian Série A | Copa do Brasil | Copa do Brasil | Copa Libertadores | Copa Libertadores | Copa Sudamericana | Copa Sudamericana | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Fluminense | 2001 | - | - | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Fluminense | 2002 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 0 |
| Fluminense | 2003 | - | - | 22 | 1 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 26 | 1 |
| Fluminense | 2004 | - | - | 37 | 1 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 42 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 62 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 2 |
| Botafogo | 2006 | - | - | 25 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 1 |
| Fluminense | 2007 | - | - | 34 | 0 | 7 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 41 | 0 |
| Fluminense | 2008 | - | - | 29 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 29 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 63 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 1 |
| São Paulo | 2009 | 15 | 0 | 36 | 0 | - | - | 5 | 0 | - | - | 56 | 0 |
| São Paulo | 2010 | 13 | 1 | 17 | 0 | - | - | 9 | 0 | - | - | 39 | 1 |
| São Paulo | 2011 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 33 | 1 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 1 |
| Flamengo | 2011 | - | - | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 0 | 36 | 0 |
| Flamengo | 2012 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 8 | 0 | - | - | 18 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 11 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 54 | 0 |
according to combined sources on the Flamengo official website and Flaestatística.

## Honours
### Fluminense

* Rio de Janeiro State League: 2002, 2006
* Copa do Brasil: 2007

### Atlético Mineiro

* Campeonato Mineiro: 2013
* Copa Libertadores: 2013
# Ripari Villabruna

Ripari Villabruna is a small rock shelter in northern Italy with Mesolithic burial remains. It contains several Cro-Magnon burials, with bodies and grave goods dated to 14,000 years BP. The site has added greatly to the understanding of the Mesolithic development of medical and religious practises in early human communities.

## History

The ablation and removal of debris in the Cismon valley, in the Sovramonte municipality, province of Belluno, Italy during the late 1980s led to the discovery of several rock shelters (abris). Located at a height of 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level they show impressive traces of settlement by prehistoric people and their activities. The rock shelters, named after their discoverer "Ripari Villabruna", are part of a complex system of sites that reach from the lowest points of the valley to alpine heights. Excavations confirm that humans frequently occupied the site for short periods in a late Epigravettian cultural context, carbon dated to begin around 14,000 years ago and continuing to the middle of the ensuing Holocene.

## Villabruna 1

A grave that contained a well-preserved skeleton was discovered at the base of the archaeological layers in 1988. Direct AMS dating of the skeletal remains revealed a date 14,160 to 13,820 years before present. The burial took place during the first stages of the human settlement in the rock shelters. The corpse was placed into a narrow, shallow pit 30 to 40 cm (12 to 16 in) in depth, the head turned to the left with arms stretched touching the body, and were of an adult male, about twenty-five years old, characterized by a relatively tall stature for the time period.
Six grave attachments were placed to the body's left. The typical equipment of a hunter-gatherer included a flint (fire stone) knife, a flint core, another stone as hammer, a blade of flint, a bone tip, a pellet of ochre and Propolis (a resinous matter, produced by bees). Limestone platelets decorated with ochre drawings had been placed on top of the tomb.
The excellent preservation of the Villabruna 1 skeleton helped to thoroughly investigate various aspects of skeletal biology, such as body size, craniofacial morphology, tooth wear, functional anatomy, and nutritional and pathological aspects. Comparing Villabruna 1 and similar finds with today's people widened the understanding of biocultural adjustments, the living conditions and survival strategies of the Paleolithic population of Europe.
Villabruna 1 is significant in terms of the genetic history of Europe: the remains were found to carry Y-DNA haplogroup R1b1a-L754* (xL389,V88). This is the oldest documented example of haplogroup R1b found anywhere.
# Ritual Spirit

Ritual Spirit is an EP by British trip hop trio Massive Attack, released on 28 January 2016. It features trip hop artist Tricky for the first time since the release of Protection in 1994, and also features Scottish hip-hop group Young Fathers, London rapper Roots Manuva and singer Azekel.

## Background

A week before the release of the EP, the group released an iPhone application called "The Fantom", which remixed songs using heartbeat, location and time of day. The app contained snippets of the songs featured on the EP, and promised full functionality "soon".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 81/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | 9/10 |
| The Music | |
| Pitchfork | 7.0/10 |
| PopMatters | 8/10 |
| Pretty Much Amazing | B+ |
| Renowned for Sound | |
| The Sydney Morning Herald | |
Ritual Spirit received widespread critical acclaim from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 81, based on 4 reviews, which indicates "universal acclaim".
John Garratt of PopMatters praised the EP, stating, "Pretty much everything that helped the band make a name for itself is on display for these four songs—the simmering tension of title track, the sample-happy soundtrack for urban decay on the opener 'Dead Editors', the hot and steady boil of 'Voodoo in My Blood', and the morose single 'Take It There' featuring the return of Tricky." Katherine St. Asaph of Pitchfork Media gave the EP a favorable review, stating, "Massive Attack were always equally as good producers as they were curators; it's promising that, as much of their old sound as they've retained, they've kept this as well."

## Track listing

Notes
* "Dead Editors" contains a sample from "Watermelon Man" (1962) by Herbie Hancock.

## Personnel

Massive Attack
* Robert "3D" Del Naja – vocals, keyboards, guitar, programming, arranging, mixing, producer
* Adrian "Tricky" Thaws – keyboards, bass, vocals, programming, mixing, arranging, producer
* Grant "Daddy G" Marshall – keyboards, guitar, programming, arranging, mixing, producer
Additional musicians
* Euan Dickinson – sound engineer, programming, keyboard, guitar, arranging, mixing, producer
* Neil Davidge – keyboard, piano, drums, guitar, bass guitar, backing vocals, programming, mixing
* Young Fathers
** Kayus Bankole
** 'G' Hastings
** Alloysious Massaquoi
* Roots Manuva – vocals (1)
* Azekel – vocals (2)
* Jeff Wootton – Guitar

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 34 |
| France (SNEP) | 30 |
| Germany (GfK) | 96 |
| Italian Vinyl Records (FIMI) | 5 |
| US Top Dance/Electronic Albums (Billboard) | 4 |
# Team CCB Foundation–Sicleri

Team CCB Foundation–Sicleri is an American UCI Continental cycling team founded in 1980. They are headquartered outside Boston, Massachusetts. The team gained UCI Continental status in 2017.

## Team roster

| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Sean Bennett (USA) | Sean Bennett (USA) | (1996-03-31) 31 March 1996 (age 28) |
| Patrick Collins (USA) | Patrick Collins (USA) | (1995-04-04) 4 April 1995 (age 29) |
| Wyatt Goral (USA) | Wyatt Goral (USA) | (1998-10-24) 24 October 1998 (age 26) |
| Noah Granigan (USA) | Noah Granigan (USA) | (1996-01-18) 18 January 1996 (age 29) |
| John Harris (USA) | John Harris (USA) | (1993-08-13) 13 August 1993 (age 31) |
| Thomas Humphreys (DEN) | Thomas Humphreys (DEN) | (1998-03-31) 31 March 1998 (age 26) |
| Brendan Mccormack (USA) | Brendan Mccormack (USA) | (1994-12-01) 1 December 1994 (age 30) |
| Jonah Meadvancort (USA) | Jonah Meadvancort (USA) | (1996-10-03) 3 October 1996 (age 28) |
| Gabriel Mendez (USA) | Gabriel Mendez (USA) | (1999-11-27) 27 November 1999 (age 25) |
| Tim Mitchell (USA) | Tim Mitchell (USA) | (1978-09-08) 8 September 1978 (age 46) |
| Spencer Petrov (USA) | Spencer Petrov (USA) | (1998-09-09) 9 September 1998 (age 26) |
| Jonathan Sandoval (MEX) | Jonathan Sandoval (MEX) | (1993-02-21) 21 February 1993 (age 32) |
| Conor Schunk (USA) | Conor Schunk (USA) | (1999-06-19) 19 June 1999 (age 25) |
| Roman Seliverstov (UKR) | Roman Seliverstov (UKR) | (1996-09-06) 6 September 1996 (age 28) |
| Jacob Sitler (USA) | Jacob Sitler (USA) | (1989-06-18) 18 June 1989 (age 35) |
| Cooper Willsey (USA) | Cooper Willsey (USA) | (1997-04-18) 18 April 1997 (age 27) |
# Bulangaa, Töv

Bulangaa (Mongolian: Булангаа) is a settlement in the Büren sum (administrative district) of the Töv Province in Mongolia. Bulangaa was formerly the center of the Önjüül sum.
Bulangaa is located 43 km south east of the Büren sum center and 50 km south-west of the Bayan-Önjüül sum center.
46°45′56″N 105°34′14″E﻿ / ﻿46.76556°N 105.57056°E﻿ / 46.76556; 105.57056
* This Mongolia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Lynne McNaughton

Lynne McNaughton is the tenth bishop of Kootenay, a diocese in the Anglican Church of Canada, and was the 13th metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of British Columbia and Yukon.

## Early life and education

McNaughton was born in Peace River, Alberta and educated at the University of Alberta, Vancouver School of Theology and Columbia Theological Seminary.

## Ordained ministry

She was ordained in 1987, and served in the Diocese of New Westminster until her episcopal election. Her last post was Rector of St. Clement, North Vancouver.

### Episcopal ministry

The Rev. Dr. Lynne McNaughton, as she then was, was elected the tenth bishop of Kootenay on January 19, 2019 at the Cathedral Church of St. Michael and All Angels in Kelowna, B.C. She was consecrated and installed on May 16, 2019.
On March 6, 2021, she was elected Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of British Columbia and Yukon; an office that comes with the title archbishop. She was elected by the members of the provincial house of bishops and the electoral college of the province on the first ballot. She is the second woman to become the Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of British Columbia and Yukon. The first was her predecessor, the Most Reverend Melissa M. Skelton, who retired on February 28, 2021. She resigned as metropolitan, effective the same day, on November 22, 2024.
# Letta Mbulu

Letta Mbulu (born 23 August 1942) is a South African jazz singer who has been active since the 1960s.

## Biography

Born and raised in Soweto, South Africa, she has been active as a singer since the 1960s. While still a teenager, she toured with the musical King Kong but left for the United States in 1964 due to Apartheid.
In New York City, she connected with other South African exiles, including Miriam Makeba, Hugh Masekela and Jonas Gwangwa, and went on to work with Cannonball Adderley, David Axelrod and Harry Belafonte.
On screen, her singing can also be heard in Roots, The Color Purple (1985), and the 1973 film A Warm December, and she was a guest on a Season 6 episode of Soul Train. Mbulu also provided the Swahili chant in Michael Jackson's single, "Liberian Girl". Producer Quincy Jones said of her: "Mbulu is the roots lady, projecting a sophistication and warmth which stirs hope for attaining pure love, beauty, and unity in the world."
She is the founding member of the South African Artists United (SAAU), an organisation that was established in 1986.

## Personal life

Mbulu is married to musician Caiphus Semenya.
As the apartheid regime categorised, discriminated against and abused South Africa's non-white population in the 1960s, Mbulu went to the United States, where, in exile, she continued to pursue music. She toured with jazz alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, and also went on to join forces with American singer Harry Belafonte. Together they went on several world tours. Her main musical influences became folk, American Jazz and Brazilian music.

## Awards

* 2001: South African Music Award for lifetime achievement.
* 2009: Order of Ikhamanga in Silver erhielt.
* 2018: Mzantsi Jazz Award for her lifetime achievement.

## Discography

* Letta Mbulu Sings (Capitol, 1967)
* Free Soul (Capitol, 1968)
* Letta (Chisa, 1970)
* Naturally (Fantasy, 1972)
* There's Music in the Air (A&M, 1976)
* Letta (A&M, 1977)
* Letta Mbulu – Gold (A&M, 1978)
* Letta Mbulu – Sweet juju (Morning, 1985)
* The Best of Letta & Caiphus (Columbia, 1996)
* Greatest Hits (Columbia, 1999)
* Letta Mbulu Sings/Free Soul (Stateside, 2005)
* Culani Nami (Sony, 2007)
With Quincy Jones
* Roots (A&M, 1977)
# Uspenka Raion

Uspenka Raion (Ukrainian: Успенський район) was a raion of Voroshylovhrad Oblast (now Luhansk Oblast) in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1923 until 1959. Its administrative center was Uspenka.

## History

Uspenka Raion was established on 7 March 1923, originally in Luhansk Okruha of Donets Governorate. In December 1948, Pershozvanivka village council [uk] was transferred from Novosvitlivka Raion [Wikidata] to Uspenka Raion. On 23 September 1959, Uspenka Raion was abolished, with its former territory distributed to Rovenky Raion and Oleksandrivsk Raion [Wikidata].
# Christina Beata Dagström

Christina Beata Dagström (1691–1754), was a Swedish baroness and glass works owner. She owned and managed the glass works Henrikstorps glasbruk from 1713 onward. She personally managed Henrikstorps glasbruk during the majority of its existence, and it belonged to the most successful glass works in Sweden during her tenure in management.

## Life

She was the daughter of Baron Jöran Adlersteen [Wikidata] (died 1713) and Maria Ehrenberg (died 1713). She married the soldier and nobleman Olof Dagström [Wikidata] in 1715; the couple had no children.
After the death of her parents in 1713, Christina Beata Dagström inherited Gyllebo Manor alone, as well as Gärsnäs Castle and the Henrikstorps glass works jointly with her sisters. Henrisktorp glass works had bee established by her father in 1692 and was at the time one of the most notable in Sweden. While the sisters owned the glass works jointly, Christina Beata managed it alone; she invested great personal interest in it and developed it to one of the most successful glass works in Sweden during her lifetime, second only to Kungsholmen glass works. After her death however the business sharply declined and Henrikstorp glass works did not survive her death many years (it closed down in 1762, eight years after her death). She was a respected businesswoman in her time and her activity it mentioned by Carl von Linné in his description of contemporary Sweden.
In accordance with marital law at the time, Christina Beata Dagström became a minor under the guardianship of her husband when she married in 1715. In her case, however, this placed no restrictions on her activity, as she and her husband lived separate lives during most of their marriage. Her husband served in the army during the Great Northern War and she did not live with him until 1723, eight years after they married. When he finally returned from the war, he submerged himself in pietism and wrote religious texts preaching against the Swedish state Church as well as the king, supporting Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp claims on the throne against Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden and Frederick I of Sweden whom he accused of having murdered Charles XII of Sweden. Because of this, he was imprisoned in 1728 for crimes against the church and the crown and was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1731. Christina Beata Dagström was initially accused as his accomplice during the three year's long process, but was declared innocent by any involvement in the crime of her husband, who accused her of having betrayed him.
# Schuks Tshabalala's Survival Guide to South Africa

Schuks Tshabalala's Survival Guide to South Africa is a 2010 comedy film directed by Gray Hofmeyr, co-written by Gray Hofmeyr and Leon Schuster, and starring Leon Schuster and Alfred Ntombela.
The film was created to coincide with the 2010 FIFA World Cup which was held in South Africa.

## Plot

Schuks Tshabalala (Leon Schuster) and Shorty (Alfred Ntombela) are producing a survival guide to South Africa for tourists visiting the country for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. They take a group of tourists from Germany, Ireland, Greece, China, France, India and The Netherlands and show them what life is like in South Africa. However, the South Africa they see is one created entirely by Tshabalala and Shorty.

## Cast

* Leon Schuster as Himself / Schuks Tshabalala / Various characters
* Alfred Ntombela as Shorty / Various characters
* Sean Higgs as Heinz
* Matthew Dylan Roberts as Jean Pierre
* Siobhan Hodgson as Maggie
* Emily Jess Child as Marge
* Karl Jansen as Yoti
* Maria Velanac as Yugi
* Brent Palmer as Zach
* Helen Li as Chow Fang
* Guilherme Escobar as Jose
* Mehboob Bawa as Rajin
* Shirley Nixon as Melon lady
* Ronald France as Melon man
* Chris April as Spaza owner
* Elton Jansen as Singing beggar
* Tanit Phoenix as Sexy nurse
* Marilyn Persson as Sister Naude
* Alistair Davis as Airbag guy
* Sarah-Kate Seaward as House owner
* Paddy Cavanagh as Old lady in car park
* Oliver Bailey as Spaza shop thief
* Gray Hofmeyr as BEE man