# Tom Kapitany

Tom Kapitany (born 15 December 1960) is an Australian botanist, geologist, international consultant and lecturer in geosciences, and entrepreneur. Kapitany is the director of Crystal World Exhibition Centre in Victoria, Australia, National Dinosaur Museum in Canberra, Australia,Collectors Corner Garden World in Braeside, Victoria, Australia, Australian Mineral Mines Pty. Ltd. and National History Museum Pty Ltd. He is an international consultant in geosciences, as well as a professional paleontologist for governments, museums and universities, particularly in China, Mexico, the UK, the US, New Zealand and Indonesia with regards to geoscience. Tom has worked as a consultant for UNESCO, specialising in geotourism, and the only Western consultant to the Fossil Protection Committee of the Geological Museum of China, Beijing.
Kapitany completed his B.Sc. in geology and botany at the University of Melbourne in 1984. He studied a Master's prelim in plant molecular biology under Dr. Adrienne Clarke and Dr Elizabeth Williams at the University of Melbourne in 1984. He has held multiple mining tenements around Australia and currently holds 30 mining tenements in Australia.
Kapitany has made significant donations of specimens in excess of $1,000,000.00 to the Museum of Victoria and other museums and institutions worldwide. Kapitany is known for raising awareness on the importance of collecting and fossicking minerals and fossils; to educate people and children on fossils and rocks of biological origin. However, as Australia's largest commercial dealer of minerals and fossils, he is a controversial figure owing to revelations of his involvement with international fossil smuggling.

## Career
### Crystal World

Tom Kapitany started Crystal World Exhibition Centre in 1999 following his involvement with the family business' retail nursery Collectors Corner. Kapitany would frequently travel the world to source natural history specimens. Through Crystal World, Kapitany has hosted fundraising activities to help the Australian Animal Rescue charity.
In February 2019, Kapitany and Australian Animal Rescue rescued Rosie the Shark, a preserved great white shark facing vandalism at the abandoned wildlife park Wildlife Wonderland and was rehoused at Crystal World in Devon Meadows. The shark was originally preserved in formaldehyde which caused major disruptions to its relocation due to the toxic nature of the chemical.
In 2024 Kapitany discovered a new fossil starfish in Western Australia, which was named Ambigaster Kapitanyi.

### National Dinosaur Museum

Tom Kapitany is one of five directors of the National Dinosaur Museum in Canberra, Australia. Since taking charge of the museum's dinosaur exhibits, he added several animated and static model dinosaurs within its paid museum area, including the addition of a dinosaur garden featuring an 8 metre tall model Tyrannosaurus.

### Television

In 2002, ABC Catalyst interviewed Tom Kapitany on the topic of fossil protection within Australia; saying that "we shouldn't condemn the whole fossil community based on a few rogue collectors. Nor should we condemn the scientific community on a few rogue scientists."
Kapitany also noted the difficulties involved in the processes of mining and exploration, stating that "it's very difficult for me to find out what I can legally and I can't legally do. And even the museum at times can't give me clear definitions or answers."
Kapitany continued, saying "95 percent of new fossil discoveries are actually found by private individuals. A number of sites I’ve been to, locals are reluctant to show museum specimens because they’re concerned that the museums will close down the site or restrict activity or restrict access. The more you legislate and protect certain things, the less the museums will be made aware of them."

### Books

In 2002, Tom Kapitany was interviewed for his professional advice regarding the international fossil market. In the book The Dinosaur Dealers Kapitany gave insight into the market of rare fossils such as dinosaur footprint specimens. Kapitany was also asked into the possible whereabouts of stolen fossils; such as the late 1996 unrecovered stolen dinosaur footprints from Broome. In 2013 Tom Kapitany purchased a small piece of the Chelyabinsk meteorite roughly the size of an Australian 20 cent coin.
Tom Kapitany was noted for his significance in bringing heteromorph fossil specimens of Blackdown formation in Queensland to international recognition in the geological catalog Heteromorph by Wolfgang Grulke.

### Scientific reports

Tom Kapitany was co-author of the 2019 scientific report on tree ring phototropism and its implications for the rotation of the North China Block.
Was co-author of the 2019 scientific paper titled "Modelling U-Pb discordance in the Acasta Gneiss: Implications for fluid–rock interaction in Earth's oldest dated crust".
Was co-author of the 2023 scientific report on Dinosaur trackways from the Upper Cretaceous Nichkesai Formation near Mayluu Suu City, Southern Tien Shan Mountains, north-western Kyrgyzstan.
Was co-author of the 2025 scientific report on Allanite U-Th-Pb geochronology by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Evaluation and development of reference materials with low common Pb.

## Legal issues

Around 2005, the Australian Federal Police raided Kapitany's collection located near Melbourne seizing over 600 kilograms (1,300 lb) of Chinese and Argentinian fossils, which were later repatriated to their home countries. In 2006, Kapitany was fined $US20,000 and sentenced to a year on probation after pleading guilty to illegally smuggling fossil dinosaur eggs from China to the US. Kapitany had been reportedly smuggling dinosaur eggs out of China since 1999 by mislabelling them as minerals, according to prosecutors.
In an Interview with Tom Kapitany, 25 February 2025 for the book (not yet published): The Dinosaur Eggs Diaries – Operation Flambeau, he clarifies the events .
Incident Details: Tom Kapitany explained that in 2004, the Australian Federal Police raided collectors and dealers throughout Australia, including his facility near Melbourne. Kapitany stated, "From 2001 to 2004, around 30 collectors and dealers throughout Australia, including my facility, were raided by the Australian Federal Police. They seized over 600 kilograms (1,300 lb) of Chinese fossils, which were later repatriated to China. I voluntarily relinquished a fossil to the Federal Police, which was declared on export documents with Argentina listed as the country of origin."
Dinosaur Egg Misconception: When asked about reports that the seized dinosaur eggs were purchased in China, Kapitany clarified, "No, that's a misconception. The seized dinosaur eggs were actually purchased legally in Hong Kong, not China, and were imported legally to Australia. The issue was related to internationally harmonized tariff codes (IHTC) that were used and are still used today to export all geological specimens, including fossils, around the world. There is no IHTC for dinosaur eggs, and they were therefore labeled as geological specimens. Hence, no charges were laid against me for that incident, nor anyone else as a consequence."
Plea Bargain Circumstances: Regarding the plea bargain accepted in 2006, Kapitany explained, "In 2006, I accepted a plea bargain. I was charged with a misdemeanor—similar to a traffic offense—and was fined $US20,000 and sentenced to a year on probation after pleading guilty to illegally smuggling fossil dinosaur eggs from Australia to the US. By that point, I had already incurred over $60,000 in expenses while attending the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show in the USA. To avoid any further legal fees, which would have cost hundreds of thousands of dollars and taken many months, and eager to return home to Australia in time for my daughter's 18th birthday, I made the decision to accept the plea bargain."
Travel Impact: Kapitany also noted, "The plea bargain allowed me to travel freely between the USA and Australia, which was a significant relief. It did not impact my future trading or business activities in the USA."