OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United Provinces (1937–1950)

The United Provinces (UP) was a province of British India and, subsequently, independent India.

## History

It came into existence on 1 April 1937 as a result of the shortening of the name of the "United Provinces of British India". It corresponded approximately to the combined regions of the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

### Provincial autonomy

The Government of India Act 1935 enlarged the elected provincial legislature and expanded provincial autonomy vis-a-vis the central government.
In the elections held in 1937, the Indian National Congress won the majority seats, but declined to form a government. Therefore, on 1 April 1937, and the Nawab of Chhatari, the leader of the National Agriculturist Parties, was invited to form a minority provisional government.
| Minister | Portfolio |
| Nawab of Chhatari | Home Affairs |
| Sir Muhammad Yusuf | Local Self-Government and Health |
| Jwala Prasad Srivastava | Finance |
| Raja Syed Ahmad Alvi of Salempur | Education |
| Raja Maheshwar Dayal Seth | Home and Agricultural |
| Maharajkumar of Vizianagram | Justice |
| Raja Durga Narayan Singh of Tirwa | Industries and Communications |
The Congress reversed its decision and resolved to accept office in July 1937. Therefore, the Governor Sir Harry Graham Haig invited Govind Ballabh Pant to form the government.
| Minister | Portfolio |
| Govind Ballabh Pant | Premier, Home and Finance |
| Rafi Ahmed Kidwai | Revenue and Jails |
| Kailash Nath Katju | Justice, Development, Agriculture and Veterinary |
| Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit | Local Self-government and Health |
| Muhammad Ibrahim | Communication and Irrigation |
| P. L. Sharma | |
In 1939, all of the Congress ministries in British Indian provinces resigned and the United Provinces were placed under the Governor's rule. In 1945, the British Labour government ordered new elections to the Provincial legislatures. The Congress won a majority in the 1946 elections in the United Provinces and Pant was again the Premier, continuing even after India's independence in 1947.

### Post-independence

Following independence in 1947, the princely states of Rampur, Banares and Tehri-Garwal were merged into the United Provinces. On 25 January 1950, this unit was renamed as Uttar Pradesh. In 2000, the separate state of Uttaranchal, now known as Uttarakhand, was carved out of Uttar Pradesh.
# The Seventh Decade

The Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger is a 2007 book by Jonathan Schell. It explores the threat posed by some new nuclear policies of the United States.
Schell argues that "a revolution in nuclear affairs has occurred under the watch of the Bush administration", including a historic embrace of a first-strike policy and the development of new generations of nuclear weapons. Schell says that this policy has provoked weapons proliferation in Iran, North Korea, and elsewhere; accelerated global trafficking in nuclear weapons; and advanced nuclear terrorism.
# Josep Maria Moliné

Josep Maria Moline (January 25, 1819 - 1883) was a Catalan composer.

## Biography

Born in Barcelona, Moline studied composition with the choirmaster of Santa Maria del Mar, Ramon Aleix i Batlle [Wikidata] and violin with Francesco Beroni, director of the Santa Cruz Theatre in Barcelona. After traveling to Cuba as a violinist and returning to Barcelona, he started directing the orchestra that performed in the concerts of Josep Anselm Clavé between 1858 and 1866. He also directed the Societat Coral Barcino (Barcino Choral Society).
He was part of several ensembles: the Orchestra of the Grand-Théâtre de Marseille (when he was 14), the Gran Teatro de La Habana and the Philharmonic Society of Saint Cecilia. He wrote and directed a mass at La Matanza church; when he returned to Barcelona he was part of the Liceu theatre where he directed a few operas and solo violin performances.

### Moments to note

* The first concert on 16 July 1862 that were released excerpts of the opera Tanhausser where they put together several bands: Euterpe Choir, the choir of the Liceo women musicians of the orchestra, the Regiment Band of the Princess and the battalion of infantry Infantry Alcantara .
* Prepare the second conductor to receive Queen Elizabeth II Montserrat hearts and clavé Cobla Empordanesa by Pep Ventura .
* 1866 does Euterpe last concert with the orchestra, coinciding with the change of place when it comes to concerts.
* Participated as a judge, and directing the orchestra, choral festivals in 1862 and 1864.

## Works

* "El jardin" (schotis) (1861)
* "Celia" (americana) (1862)
* "La festival" (contradanza) (1863)
* "La jalea" (americana) (1863)
* "El diclé" (schotis) (1865)
# Lost Johns' Cave

Lost Johns' Cave is an extensive cave system on Leck Fell, Lancashire, England. With its three major vertical routes (Dome Route, Centipede Route and Monastery Route) it is a popular place to practise single-rope technique (SRT) because of the opportunity for exchange trips. Also it can be safely visited on wet days because many of the pitches can be rigged out of the water. It is an important part of the Three Counties System.
All routes converge on Battleaxe Streamway. From here the usual route is to shuffle along Battleaxe Traverse at a high level protected by rope, and descend a safe distance from the water. From here a short passage and another pitch leads to Groundsheet Junction where the Leck Fell Master Cave is entered.
Upstream leads to the high-level passages of Lyle Cavern and a connection with the Notts Pot system. The main streamway continues to the NPC Avens, where Boxhead Pot and It's a Cracker enter the system.
Downstream leads through several neck-deep pools past several inlets, including one which links with Rumbling Hole, and another which links to Death's Head Hole, to a sump which, after 800 metres (2,600 ft), connects with Pippikin Pot.
# Anne Panning

Anne Panning is an American writer of both fiction and nonfiction. She teaches English at State University of New York at Brockport and co-directs the Brockport Writers Forum.

## Biography

Anne Panning grew up in Arlington, Minnesota and attended Augsburg College. She graduated in 1988 with a degree in English and then joined the Peace Corps. She served in the Philippines and then returned to the United States to study for her MFA in Creative Writing at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, where she graduated in 1993. She earned her PhD from University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1997.
Panning now teaches Creative Writing at State University of New York at Brockport and co-directs the Brockport Writers Forum with poet and colleague Ralph Black. She is married and has two children. Panning recently returned from living in Vietnam for six months while her husband taught on a Fulbright Fellowship and is working on a memoir about the experience, tentatively called Viet*Mom.
Her short stories and essays have appeared in The Florida Review, The Beloit Fiction Journal, New Letters, Prairie Schooner, The Bellingham Review, The Black Warrior Review, The South Dakota Review, Fine Print, Writing for Our Lives, Terminus, Passages North, The Alaska Quarterly Review, The Greensboro Review, The Writer Magazine, Quarterly West, Kalliope, Kenyon Review, Laurel Review, West Branch, Five Points, Under the Sun, and Cimarron Review.

## Awards

Panning has won various awards for her writing and teaching, including the Chancellor's Award for Teaching in 2006, and the 2007 Flannery O'Connor Award for Super America.

## Works

* The Price of Eggs, was published by Coffeehouse Press in 1992.
* Super America, was published in 2007 by University of Georgia Press.
* Butter was published in 2012 by Northern Illinois University Press.

## Reviews

   Panning’s new collection radiates infectious optimism. Even when things aren’t going so well, her characters forge ahead, holding tight to their (mostly) modest goals: a nice house in a new subdivision, a reconciliation with an estranged wife, a new baby.
# Garuda Linux

Garuda Linux is an Arch Linux-based, Linux distribution targeted towards gaming. It offers multiple desktop environments, but the KDE Plasma version is the default. The term Garuda, originating from Hinduism and Buddhism, is defined as a divine eagle-like sun bird and the king of birds.
Garuda Linux, being based on Arch Linux, features a rolling release update model using Pacman as its package manager.

## History

Garuda Linux was released on 26 March 2020 by Shrinivas Vishnu Kumbhar, a university student from India and SGS from Germany.

## Features

The operating system provides GUIs for all operations, instead of focusing on the command line like Arch Linux. Garuda Linux installation process is done with Calamares, a graphical installer. The bootloader used is GRUB. The distribution uses the btrfs file system by default which supports snapshots. The snapshots can be accessed from the bootloader and support compression. Garuda includes Manjaro's pamac GUI frontend for Pacman that allows for the installation of packages from pacman and Snap and Flatpak packages. Support for the AUR is provided by Chaotic-AUR. The command line can also be used. It also includes Garuda Settings Manager, a program for system settings such as the kernel, and Garuda Assistant for changing admin settings. The main theme of Garuda Linux is a custom KDE Plasma theme known as Dr460nized (dragonized) which resembles macOS.
Garuda Linux includes Garuda Gamer, a GUI offering easy installation of gaming related packages.
The rolling release model means system software components are updated during normal software updates, instead of a special software update having to be used.
# Abhijatabhivamsa

Ashin Abhijātābhivaṃsa (Burmese: အရှင်အဘိဇာတာဘိဝံသ, pronounced; 29 September 1968 – 7 February 2022), also known as Sagaing Tipiṭaka Sayadaw (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းတိပိဋကဆရာတော်, pronounced), was a Burmese Buddhist monk. He was chief abbot of Saddhamma Mānitāyon Monastery in Yangon and abbot of Saddhamma Jotaka Subodhāyon Monastery in Monywa. Being awarded the titles of Tipiṭakadhara and Tipiṭakakovida in 2007 and 2010 respectively, Ashin was the 12th recipient of the title of Tipiṭakadhara Dhammabhaṇḍāgārika.

## Early life and education

Abhijātābhivaṃsa, the third of seven siblings, was born on 29 September 1968 (8th waxing day of Thadingyut, 1330 M.E.) in Hsinnin Village, Wetlet Township, to Tin Ya and Nyunt Khin. He was ordained as a novice on 29 November 1979 (11th waxing day of Nadaw, 1341 ME), under the presiding sayadaw of Zabumingala Shweyattha Kyaung, and sent to Mahā Subodhāyon Monastery in Sagaing on 14 December.$^{:433}$ Ashin received the titles of Sāsanālaṅkāra Thamanegyaw and Sāsanadhaja Dhammācariya since he was a novice.$^{:434}$

## Monkhood career

On 4 January 1988 (1st waning day of Pyatho, 1349 ME), Ashin was ordained as a monk under the patronage of Ashin Nārada, chief abbot of Mahā Subodhāyon.$^{:434}$
Ashin passed all five-level 8026 recitation contents for the Tipiṭakadhara Tipiṭakakovida Selection Examinations, in which he had to show his memory of Tipiṭaka by reciting the Canon without being prompted more than five times in a day, in 2007 and was awarded the title of Tipiṭakadhara (lit. 'Expert in Tipitaka'). After completing all five levels of ideology written exam, he became the holder of the title of Tipiṭakakovida (lit. 'One who is skillful at Tipitaka'), in 2010. In 2016, Ashin was offered the title of Tipiṭakadhara Dhammabhaṇḍāgārika by the Burmese government, and was thereafter known as its 12th recipient in history.$^{:434–5}$ In 2012, Ashin was appointed by Ashin Nandamālābhivaṃsa as presiding abbot of Saddhamma Jotaka Subodhāyon Monastery, a monastery, in Monywa, under the governance of Mahā Subodhāyon.$^{:459}$
Ashin died of leukemia at Bumrungrad Hospital in Bangkok, on 7 February 2022, at the age of 53. During his years of monkhood, Ashin won a total of 47 achievements, including 10 Dhammācariya and 3 Pali Pāragū degrees.
# Llangybi railway station (Ceredigion)

Llangybi railway station, previously served the village and rural locale of Llangybi on the Carmarthen Aberystwyth Line in the Welsh county of Ceredigion.

## History

The Manchester and Milford Railway (M&MR) opened from Pencader to Aberystwyth on 12 August 1867. The line went into receivership from 1875 to 1900.
The Great Western Railway took over the service in 1906, and fully absorbed the line in 1911. The Great Western Railway and the station passed on to British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was then closed by the British Railways Board. The OS maps and photographs show that it had one platform, and no passing loop.
Passenger services ran through to Aberystwyth until flooding severely damaged the line south of Aberystwyth in December 1964. A limited passenger service continued running from Carmarthen to Strata Florida until February 1965.
The line remained open for milk traffic until 1970.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Derry Ormond | Great Western Railway Carmarthen to Aberystwyth Line | Olmarch Halt |
# Dustin Boyer

Dustin Boyer is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He is a longtime collaborator of Welsh rock musician John Cale. He also collaborated with many other artists, such as Jennifer Love Hewitt, Michelle Branch, Andrew Dorff, and Michael Landau.

## Career

Boyer comes from El Cajon, California. He was a member of a high school ska punk group Turkey Mallet. They released one album called Chiaroscuro in 1996. The band also featured his brother Trevor Boyer on drums and singer Matt Hoyt. Then he studied at CalArts. In 2000, he founded a rock trio Descanso which also featured his brother and Casey Butler. They released three studio albums. He also played the guitar on records by Macy Gray, Jennifer Love Hewitt and Camille Bright-Smith. He also played the guitar on Long Live Me by The Screamin' Lords.
In 2005, he started playing in John Cale's band. He also performed on his albums blackAcetate (2005; one song only), Extra Playful (2011), Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood (2012) and Mercy (2023). He also starred in the Eden Cale-directed music video for John Cale's song "Catastrofuk".
He also frequently performs with guitarist Michael Landau. Landau said in a 2006 interview that Boyer is one of his favourite performers. Boyer is also frontman of The Dusty Meadows Band which released three records. Boyer's debut solo album called Fun for Mentals was released in 2007 and was followed by Hell's Not Her (2009) and Cahuenga Gardens (2016). The last one featured Michelle Branch and Mark Lanegan on vocals. His song "Pretend" was featured in a movie called 3 Days to Kill with Kevin Costner in the lead role.

## Discography
### Solo

* Fun for Mentals (2007)
* Hell's Not Her (2009)
* Cahuenga Gardens (2016)
* Love Joy Death (2017)
* Devotion (2022)

### Session

* Chiaroscuro (Turkey Mallet, 1996)
* The Id (Macy Gray, 2001)
* Dirty Child (Rosey, 2002)
* BareNaked (Jennifer Love Hewitt, 2002)
* Descanso (Descanso, 2003)
* Ugly on the Inside (Descanso, 2004)
* Shiva Machine (Girish, 2005)
* Sunday Drivers (Descanso, 2005)
* blackAcetate (John Cale, 2005)
* Long Live Me (The Screamin' Lords, 2007)
* Circus Live (John Cale, 2007)
* The Great Divide (Camille Bright-Smith, 2008)
* Believe in Yourself (The Dusty Meadows Band, 2010)
* Bullet (Renegade Creation, 2010)
* Spanky (Spanky Davis, 2010)
* Extra Playful (John Cale, 2011)
* Two Thousand Twenty (Spanky Davis, 2010)
* Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood (John Cale, 2012)
* Tapes in the Addict (The Dusty Meadows Band, 2012)
* The Abominal Bad Seed and Spiritual Companion (The Dusty Meadows Band, 2014)
* 6 String Theory (Glossop, 2015)
* M:FANS (John Cale, 2016)
* Sweet Birds of Youth (Richard James Simpson, 2017)
* Deep Dream (Richard James Simpson, 2019)
* Sugar the Pill (Richard James Simpson, 2021)
* 3 of 3 EP (Spanky Davis, 2021)
* Run Into the Arrows (Shannon Hudson, 2022)
* Mercy (John Cale, 2023)
* Poptical Illusion (John Cale, 2024)
# Doktoři z Počátků

Doktoři z Počátků is a medical TV series from a picturesque Czech village broadcast on TV Nova from June 25, 2013, to January 11, 2016. It is a spin-off of the series Ordinace v růžové zahradě 2. The main character in the series is doctor Ota Kovář (Martin Stránský) from the Ordinace v růžové zahradě 2. The main characters are village doctors with different personalities and generational differences, but with one common enemy.

## Production

The series is a spin-off of the successful TV series Nova Ordinace v růžové zahradě 2. It is filmed in hospitality studios and in the central Bohemian village of Pyšely. The ratio of scenes in the exterior and interior is roughly balanced, compared to Ordinace, there is more shooting outside. So far, the series is preparing five series, over 32 episodes, and depending on the viewership, it will be seen whether the series will continue into the future. Series producer Lenka Hornová commented on the series: "We were thinking about if a character from Ordinace started to live his own life somewhere else, it seemed like an interesting idea to us," said Hornová, stating that it is a so-called spin-off. "It's a completely common term in the world. When something is successful, producers naturally want to ride on that success," added Hornová. On the series, Hornová works with the same screenwriters as on Ordinace, with Lucía Paulová, David Litvák and Lucía Konášová. When choosing which character from Ordinace will appear in the new spin-off, ten possible candidates were chosen, from which the character of Ota Kovář was finally chosen.

### Name

The title was chosen to evoke the new beginnings that take place in the series. There is a town in the Czech Republic called Počátky, but the creators did not know about it and only found out after naming it. They even went to the city to see if it would be possible to shoot there, but it was far from the studio (in the Vysočina region in the Pelhřimov district) and the series would be more expensive overall.

### Cancellation

On April 3, 2015, Naďa Konvalinková announced in an interview for Czech Radio that the filming of the series would end in May of the same year. The series was to end with the return of the character of Dr. Ota Kovář back to the series Ordinace v růžové zahradě 2.
# Chating, Changsha

Chating (simplified Chinese: 茶亭鎮; traditional Chinese: 茶亭镇; pinyin: chátíng zhèn) is a town in Wangcheng district of Changsha, Hunan, China. the town is located on the northeast of the district, and bordered by Zhangshu and Jinlong towns of Xiangyin county to the north, Gaojiafang town of Miluo city to the east, Qiaoyi town to the south, Dingziwan and Tongguan Subdistricts to the west. It covers 135 km$^2$ (52 sq mi) with a population of 54,000. The town contains 11 villages and two residential communities. Yts administrative center is at Meihualing (梅花岭).

## Subdivision

The Chating town was formed by merging the former Dongcheng town (东城镇) and Chating on November 19, 2015. Chating has 11 villages and two residential communities under its jurisdiction from 2016. there were 15 villages and two residential communities in the subdistrict at that time till 2015. There three new villages were formed by merging six villages, meanwhile Dongcheng residential community (东城社区) was formed by merging Shenjiaqiao residential community (慎家桥社区) and Jingshen village (静慎村) on March 23, 2016.
Administrative divisions of Chating subdistrict in 2016 :
| The administrative centre of the town is at Meihualing; the following list is according to the result of Ajustment on village-level divisions on March 23, 2016; Chating has 11 villages and two residential communities under its jurisdiction. ||||
| villages and residential communities | villages and residential communities | villages | villages |
| English name | Chinese name | English name | Chinese name |
| Meihualing residential community | 梅花岭社区 | Hongkaiqiao village | 洪开桥村 |
| Dongcheng residential community reformed by Merging Shenjiaqiao residential community (慎家桥社区) and Jinshen village (静慎村) on March 23, 2016 | 东城社区 | Dalong village reformed by Merging Dalong village (大龙村) and Jingousi village (金钩寺村) on March 23, 2016 | 大龙村 |
| Jiufeng village | 九峰山村 | Quanfeng village | 泉丰村 |
| Shiziling village reformed by Merging Shiziling (狮子岭村) village and Zhongxing village (中兴村) on March 23, 2016 | 狮子岭村 | Suliao village reformed by Merging Suliao village (苏蓼村) and Dongzha village (东闸村) on March 23, 2016 | 苏蓼村 |
| Tanjiayan village | 谭家园村 | Wangqun village | 望群村 |
| Xihusi village | 西湖寺村 | Yangjiaping village | 杨家坪村 |
| Daigongqiao village | 戴公桥村 | | |
# Hapanlohko

Hapanlohko is a traditional Karelian dish, made out of potato and rye bread dough. The dough is stored in a wooden sourdough pot before being baked into bread. However some dough is removed first to make Hapanlohko. The dough is boiled in a pot with peeled potatoes, thus completing the recipe.
# Rosemary Butler (singer)

Rosemary Ann Butler (née Lane; born April 6, 1947) is an American singer. She began her career playing bass guitar and singing in an all-female band named the Ladybirds while attending Fullerton Union High School in Fullerton, California. The band appeared on several Los Angeles area television shows before opening for the Rolling Stones in 1964. She then joined all-female psychedelic rock band the Daisy Chain in 1967 and the all-female hard rock band Birtha in 1968, the latter of which released two albums for Dunhill Records. After they split in 1975, she became a popular back-up singer in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Her vocals were featured on Bonnie Raitt's album Sweet Forgiveness, on songs "Gamblin' Man", "Runaway", "Sweet Forgiveness" and "Two Lives". She was also featured in Bruce Springsteen, Tom Petty, and Jackson Browne's "Stay (Just A Little Bit Longer)" during Springsteen and The E Street Band's 1979 "No Nukes" shows at Madison Square Garden.
Butler worked extensively as a back-up singer for Linda Ronstadt, James Taylor, Warren Zevon, Neil Young, Bonnie Raitt, Boz Scaggs, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Jackson Browne, and Rosanne Cash, among others. She also released a solo studio album, Rose, in 1983, from which the promotional single "You Light Up The Night" was released.
She achieved her greatest visibility and success as a solo artist in Japan in the early 1980s, contributing songs such as "Riding High" to the movie Dirty Hero (汚れた英雄) and "Children of the Light" (光の天使) to the anime film Harmagedon. She was also co-contractor of the 100-voice choir on Neil Young's album Living with War. She co-founded "The National In Choir", a Los Angeles–based volunteer holiday choir with singer-lyricist Deborah Pearl.
After 30 years, Butler's second solo album, You Just Watch Me, was released in 2013.
# Nunez, Georgia

Nunez is a city in Emanuel County, Georgia, United States. The population was 134 in 2020.

## History

The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Nunez as a town in 1903. The city was named after Samuel Nunez, a pioneer Jew in Georgia history.

## Geography

Nunez is located in southern Emanuel County at 32°29′31″N 82°20′48″W﻿ / ﻿32.49194°N 82.34667°W﻿ / 32.49194; -82.34667 (32.491880, -82.346547). Georgia State Route 297 passes through the city, leading north 8 miles (13 km) to Swainsboro, the county seat, and south 6 miles (10 km) to Interstate 16 Exit 84.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Nunez has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.5 km$^2$), of which 0.02 square miles (0.05 km$^2$), or 1.52%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 131 people, 50 households, and 36 families residing in the town. By the 2020 census, its population was 134.