OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chess opening book (computers)

Opening book is often used to describe the database of chess openings given to computer chess programs (and related games, such as computer shogi). Such programs are quite significantly enhanced through the provision of an electronic version of an opening book. This eliminates the need for the program to calculate the best lines during approximately the first ten moves of the game, where the positions are extremely open-ended and thus computationally expensive to evaluate. As a result, it places the computer in a stronger position using considerably less resources than if it had to calculate the moves itself.
On some occasions, a player might consider playing a strange move outside the opening book to force a computer to think for itself. While this may introduce a strategic weakness, a lot of the time, playing out of the book early may end up compromising one's own pawn structure, losing a tempo or allow the opponent to develop more effectively, as chess engines have become significantly more powerful over time to plan more deeply or accurately than in the past.

## History

By 1977, 14 of 16 entries in the second World Computer Chess Championship used opening books. One of the entries without a book, DARK HORSE, defeated opponent CHAOS in part by using a nonstandard N-F3 opening.

## Design

Modern chess engines are designed to be controlled by a graphical user interface such as Winboard, ChessBase or Arena through the Universal Chess Interface protocol or Chess Engine Communication Protocol. In this case the opening book may often be specified in the GUI and then the GUI makes the moves from the opening book on behalf of the engine when the occasion arises.

## Format

Opening books used by computers are often in a undocumented binary or PGN format. Examples are ChessBase's .ctg format or Pgn Format and Arena's .abk format. One notable exception is the Polyglot book format which is fully documented and which is being implemented in an increasing number of programs.
# Rosehill, London

Rosehill is a suburb of Sutton in South London. It lends its name to the Rose Hill roundabout, which connects the A217, A297 and B278. At the 2011 Census the population of the suburb was included in the Sutton North ward of the London Borough of Sutton.
The area surrounding Rosehill is notably green: there are two large green spaces to the southeast and southwest, Rosehill Park East and Rosehill Park West, the latter housing the Sutton Tennis Academy; a park to the west, Thomas Wall Park, named after the local benefactor; and a park to the east opposite St Helier Hospital, called the St. Helier Open Space. It is also residential in character, with two large sets of flats immediately north and south of the roundabout. The northern block of flats is in an Art Deco style, and dates from the 1930s; the southern development was built by Bellway Homes and marketed as luxury apartments circa 2003.

## History

In early Surrey, an enclosure was usually a farm, and Oldfields Farm was located on the southern slope of Rosehill; it was a "south" enclosure because it lay south of the Roman road Stane Street, which is now the modern A24. It was this farm which lends itself to the origin of the name Sutton, originally Sudtone, formed from Old English 'sūth' and 'tūn', meaning "the south enclosure". It appears in a survey of 1496 as "Eldeseldes" and Rose Hill as Fern Hill. Oldfields Farm and another farm to the north, Rosehill Farm (later Rose Hill House), survived until after the First World War when both were demolished to make way for the St. Helier estate.
Rosehill was the site of Sutton's northernmost toll-house and gate on the London to Brighton turnpike road from 1758 until 1882. A milestone dating from 1745 and inscribed "Royal Exchange XI Miles. Whitehall X Miles.", originally built to mark the route from London to Banstead Downs, can be found on the southern slope of Rose Hill on the border with Benhilton.

## Economy

Rosehill's small retail area contains a range of shops; there is a focus on food, in the form of both restaurants and supermarkets. The parade of shops known as "The Market" includes branches of Superdrug, KFC and Papa John's, while a Carphone Warehouse stands on its own in the southern block of flats. A Grade II listed Mecca Bingo hall stands adjacent to the northern block, and is a good surviving example of a 1930s art deco former cinema. The Market also includes a new Lidl supermarket.

## Transport

Rosehill is well served by public transport, being served by bus routes 151, 154, 157, 164, 280, S2 and N44; S1 is available from St Helier Hospital.
Rosehill does not have its own named railway station, but St Helier railway station and Sutton Common railway station are within walking distance, and Morden tube station and Sutton railway station are easily accessible by bus.

## Geography

vtePlaces adjacent to Rosehill, London :
Lower Morden
Morden
Mitcham
Sutton Common
Rosehill
St Helier and Hackbridge
North Cheam
Benhilton and Sutton
Carshalton and The Wrythe :
# Jim Mortram

Jim A. Mortram (born 10 September 1971) is a British social documentary photographer and writer, based in Dereham, Norfolk. His ongoing project using photography and writing, Small Town Inertia, records the lives of a number of disadvantaged and marginalised people living near to his home, in order to tell stories he believes are under-reported. This work is published on his website, in a few zines published in 2013, and in the book Small Town Inertia (2017).

## Small Town Inertia

Mortram began the Small Town Inertia website in 2006 with the "Market Town" stories. Its name is a reference to the market town of Dereham, where he lives, fifteen miles west of the city of Norwich in Norfolk. Through photography, his writing and the subject's own words, Mortram records the lives of the disadvantaged and marginalised, making repeated visits with a number of people living within three miles of his home. Small Town Inertia tells stories of "isolation, poverty, drug abuse, homelessness, self-harm, mental illness, juvenile crime, and epilepsy", that Mortram believes are otherwise under-reported.
Dave Stelfox wrote in The Guardian that "Mortram's rich, black-and-white images possess a timeless quality that invites easy comparison with the classic documentary work of such British photographers as Chris Steele Perkins, Paul Trevor and Chris Killip."

## Publications
### Publications by Mortram

* Small Town Inertia. Liverpool: Bluecoat. With a poem by Jamie Thrashivoulou, "A Privatised Map of Deprivation", and essays by Paul Mason, "A Memento of the Dark Times", and Lewis K. Bush, "A War of Poverty". Hardback, 2017; ISBN 978-1908457363. Paperback, 2018; ISBN 9781908457370.

### Zines by Mortram

* Electric Tears and All Their Portent. Southport: Café Royal, 2013. Edition of 150 copies.
* Living with Epilepsy. Southport: Café Royal, 2013. Edition of 150 copies.
* Small Town Inertia: Diary Entries. Southport: Café Royal, 2013. Edition of 150 copies. With a short text by George Szirtes.
** Second edition. Southport: Café Royal, 2022.
* Small Town Inertia: Diary Entries 2. Southport: Café Royal, 2022. With a short essay by Michael Sheen.

### Publications with contributions by Mortram

* Professional Photography: The New Global Landscape Explained. Oxford: Focal, 2014. By Grant Scott. ISBN 978-0415717540. With contributions from Mortram, Alicia Bruce, Peter Dench, Chris Floyd, and Niall McDiarmid.

## Solo exhibitions

* Small Town Inertia, Bank Street Arts, Sheffield, 2013; Photoville, New York City, 2013; Red Light Gallery, Norwich, 2013; Arts Centre, Edge Hill University, Liverpool, 2014; Camden Image Gallery, Camden, London, 2014; Side Gallery, Newscastle, 2019

## Awards

* 2013: one of twenty photographers credited by the British Journal of Photography as "Ones to Watch" in 2013
# 1669 in Sweden

Events from the year 1669 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles XI

## Events

* Gothenburg burns down.
* Margareta Beijer becomes the second female manager of the Swedish Post Office.
* The trial against the conversion of Christina Eleonora Drakenhielm.
* The Mora witch trial is conducted.

## Births

* 24 May - Emerentia von Düben, royal favorite (died 1743)
* Gustaf von Psilander, admiral (died 1738)

## Deaths

* April 23 - Johannes Canuti Lenaeus, archbishop (born 1573)
* 15 May - Margareta Brahe, controversial countess and courtier (born 1603)
* unknown date - Margareta Slots, royal mistress (born unknown)
* 22 October - Sigrid Banér, Swedish letter writer (born 1592)
# William Conolly-Carew, 6th Baron Carew

William Francis Conolly-Carew, 6th Baron Carew (23 April 1905 – 27 June 1994), was an Anglo-Irish hereditary peer who was aide-de-camp to the Governor of Bermuda, Sir Thomas Cubbitt, between 1931 and 1936.

## Early life and education

Born William Francis Carew, he assumed the additional surname of Conolly by deed poll in 1938. He was the eldest son of Gerald Carew, 5th Baron Carew, and Catherine Conolly, daughter of Thomas Conolly of Castletown, Celbridge, County Kildare.
Carew was educated at Wellington College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

## Career

Carew was gazetted into the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry in 1925 and served during the Second World War as a captain, reaching the brevet rank of major.
He inherited the Carew baronies and a seat in the House of Lords upon the death of his father in 1927.

## Honours

Carew was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1966 and was also a Companion of the Order of Saint John (CStJ).

## Marriage and children

Carew was married on 3 June 1937 to Lady Sylvia Gwendoline Eva Maitland (1913–1991), a daughter of Ian Maitland, 15th Earl of Lauderdale, and his wife Ethel Mary (née Bell-Irving). They had four children:
* Patrick Thomas Conolly-Carew, 7th Baron Carew (6 March 1938 – 18 December 2024)
* Hon. Diana Sylvia Conolly-Carew (born 7 April 1940), married 1985 Baron Alexis Petrovich Wrangel (1922–2005), son of Baron Pyotr Wrangel.
* Hon. Gerald Edward Ian Maitland-Carew (born 28 December 1941)
* Hon. Sarah Catherine Conolly-Carew (born 6 November 1944)

## Death

Carew died in June 1994 at the age of 89. He was succeeded in the baronies by his elder son, Patrick.
# James Giles (British politician)

James Giles is a British local councillor, political adviser and pro-Palestine activist.
Giles was previously a local journalist, running the Coombe Monthly newspaper. He co-founded Kingston Independent Residents Group (KIRG) in 2017 alongside fellow councillor Mary Clark.
In November 2023, he was suspended from the Local Government Association (LGA) after circulating a petition for a ceasefire in the Gaza war, stating that the names of councillors who declined to sign would be published "in the interest of accountability". This was condemned by the LGA as threatening. Giles later said that there was no "intention to publish the names of any individuals against their will."
In February 2024, he managed Workers Party candidate George Galloway's successful campaign in the Rochdale by-election, where Galloway unseated the incumbent Labour MP. He was also a councillor at this time and led the Kingston Independent Residents Group (KIRG) in Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council.
Giles then ran as the Workers Party candidate for Birmingham Hodge Hill and Solihull North in the general election in July, narrowly losing to Liam Byrne of the Labour Party.
After the election, Giles became chief of staff to Ayoub Khan, the independent MP for Birmingham Perry Barr and advised other pro-Gaza independent MPs elected that year: Shockat Adam, Adnan Hussain and Iqbal Mohamed.
# Arif Mirzayev

Arif Abdulla oglu Mirzayev (born April 10, 1944) is a Soviet, Russian, Azerbaijani composer, organist and pianist, Honored Art Worker of Azerbaijan (2011).
He is the founder of religious-memorial organ and polyphony music of Azerbaijan, and also sacrificial music of ancient Islam. He is the master of polistylistics of the modern music. He was nominated for the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 2000 and 2002 in the sphere of arts. He is the specialist in the sphere of J.S.Bach music, simultaneously being the propagandist of his activity. Arif Mirzoyev is the member of Composers’ Union of Russia and Azerbaijan since 1979, member of “New International Music Union named after J.S.Bach”, Germany, Leipzig, 1994. Arif Mirzoyev is one of the donators of Organ Library named after Robin Langley.

## Biography

Arif Mirzoyev was born in Baku into a family with deep musical traditions. He learnt composer’s mastery at Azerbaijan State Conservatoire named after Uzeyir Hajibeyov, in Gara Garayev’s class. He underwent training on theory and history of organ arts at N.Malina and performing mastery of organ at S.Dijur at Moscow Conservatory named after P.I.Tchaikovsky. Arif Mirzoyev combined creative activity with pedagogic one.

## Creative conception

Opening of “Polistylistics in the sphere of neo-renaissance music of the East and West”, the essence of matter of which is union of tonal music of the East – mugham, European baroque and German classic polyphony, and also spiritual music of various religious confessions – Islam, Protestant and Catholic music, is the main creative conception of Arif Mirzoyev.
Mirzoyev is also the author of the great amount of chamber-instrumental vocal and jazz music. At present he lives in Fulda, Germany.
# Netham Lock

vteNetham Lock :
Legend :
Netham Lock (grid reference ST616727) is the point at Netham in Bristol at which boats from the River Avon, acting as part of the Kennet and Avon Canal, gain access to Bristol's Floating Harbour.
Construction started in 1804 to build the tidal New Cut and divert the River Avon along the Feeder Canal to the harbour; a system designed and built by William Jessop and later improved by Isambard Kingdom Brunel.
A weir carries the river into the New Cut and boats use the adjacent lock. High tides often pass over the weir, and the river is effectively tidal to the next lock upstream at Hanham. Some spring tides can also pass over the weir at Hanham, making the river tidal as far as Keynsham Lock.
Access to the harbour is only possible during the day when the lock keeper will open the gates unless the water level in the river between Netham and Hanham is above or below the level of the harbour.
The maximum dimensions of a vessel which can pass through Netham Lock are:
* Length: 24.4 metres (80 ft)
* Beam: 5.4 metres (18 ft)
* Draught: 1.9 metres (6.2 ft)
* Headroom: 3.1 metres (10 ft)
The lock-keeper's cottage, built in the early nineteenth century, is a grade II listed building and has a plaque listing it as Bristol Docks building number 1. The floral displays around the cottage and on the banking have attracted praise.
Netham Lock and the weir form part of Bristol's flood defence mechanisms and it was announced in December 2008 that they would be upgraded as part of the £11 million City Docks Capital Project.
# Michelle Botes

Michélle Botes (12 October 1962 – 21 December 2024) was a South African actress, language instructor, designer and aromatherapist. She is best known for her roles in the television soapies Legacy (2020), Isidingo (1998) and Arende (1994).

## Early life

Botes was born on 12 October 1962, in Cape Town, Cape Province, South Africa of Afrikaner descent. She completed high school in Cape Town, then graduated with a Bachelor's degree in speech and drama (bilingual) from the University of Stellenbosch. After graduation, she completed a diploma in education at the University of Cape Town.

## Career

She appeared with Ian Roberts on the popular TV series Arende in 1994.
In 1998, she joined the cast of SABC3 soap opera Isidingo and played the role "Cherel de Villiers Haines" for nine consecutive years until 2007, but rejoined in 2009. In 2002, she was included for the Top 10 Celebrities in Television by the magazine Star. In 2006, she won two awards: Best Actress and Best Onscreen Villain at the nineteenth annual Avanti Awards. Meanwhile, she also received the award for the Best TV Couple in Isidingo along with Robert Whitehead (in the role as Barker Haines) at the Crystal Awards. She was nominated for Best Actress in TV Soap category at the South African Film and Television Awards (SAFTA) for three years: 2006, 2007 and 2012.
In 2019, she rejoined with Binnelanders. In 2020, she joined the telenovela Legacy and played the role of Angelique Price. For her role, she won the SAFTA Golden Horn Award for Best Supporting Actress in the Telenovela category.

## Death

Botes died from cancer on 21 December 2024, at the age of 62.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre |
| 1976 | Snake Dancer | | Film |
| 1985 | Seeduiker | | TV series |
| 1986 | Die Swart Kat | Rienie Veldt | TV series |
| 1986 | Liewe Hemel, Genis! | Santie | Film |
| 1987 | Guillam Woudberg | Suzette Davel | Film |
| 1987 | American Ninja 2: The Confrontation | Alicia Sanborn | Film |
| 1987 | Wolwedans in die Skemer | Ronel Greyvenstein | TV series |
| 1988 | Beelde | | Film |
| 1989 | Arende (aka. Cape Rebel) | Princess Gobbler | TV series |
| 1992 | Arende II: MoordenaarsKaroo | Princess Gobbler | TV series |
| 1992 | Konings | Santie Naudé | TV series |
| 1992 | No Hero | Tracy Lee | Film |
| 1994 | Triptiek | Bibi Brinkman | TV series |
| 1994 | Arende | Princess Gobbler | Film |
| 1996 | Vierspel | Magdel van Wijk | TV series |
| 1997 | Triptiek II | Bibi Brinkman | TV series |
| 1997 | Tarzan: The Epic Adventures | Duare | TV series |
| 1997 | Onder Draai die Duiwel Rond | Kietie Bosman | TV series |
| 1998 | Isidingo | Cherel de Villiers Haines | TV series |
| 2001 | Onder Draai die Duiwel Rond 2 | Kietie Bosman | TV series |
| 2009 | Binnelanders | | TV series |
| 2010 | Bakgat! II | Tannie Alet | Film |
| 2020 | Legacy | Angelique Price | TV series |
| 2021 | Jewel | Tyra | Film |
# Ivan Kupreyanov

Ivan Antonovich Kupreyanov (Russian: Ива́н Анто́нович Купрея́нов or Куприянов; 1794 – 20 April 1857), also spelled in English as Kupreanof or as Kuprianov, served as the head of the Russian-American Company in Russian America from 1835 to 1840. He entered the Sea Cadet Corps at the age of 10, in 1809.
Kupreyanov served as a michman on the Mirny under captain Mikhail Lazarev during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition (1819-1821), a circumnavigation of the Southern Ocean led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. The expedition discovered Antarctica and explored a number of island chains in the Pacific and Southern Oceans. He participated in an additional circumnavigation by Lazarev that lasted from 1822 to 1824. Kupreyanov attained the rank of Captain lieutenant with command of a frigate and fought in the Black Sea against the Ottoman Navy during the Russo-Turkish War (1828–29).
Kupreyanov and his wife, Yuliya Ivanovna (nee Gildenbrant), began a school for native girls in Sitka. It closed at the end of his administration but reopened later. He built the famous residence, library and museum in New Archangel called Baranof's Castle by early American settlers, who assumed that it had been built by Alexandr Baranov, Kupreyanov's predecessor by eighteen years. The residence was the site of the ceremony in which control of Russian America passed from the Russian Empire to the United States in 1867. Although the residence fell down in 1897, the hill where it was located is still called Castle Hill. In 1837 Kupreyanov greeted the British captain Edward Belcher, who was commanding a surveying expedition of two ships, HMS Sulphur and HMS Starling. Belcher recorded that "his civilities were overpowering." Departing from New Archangel on 30 September 1840 with his family, Kupreyanov continued his career in the Imperial Russian Navy, and won promotion to the rank of vice admiral in October 1852.

## Legacy

Kupreanof Island in the Alexander Archipelago (the Alaska Panhandle) was named after him, and indirectly the city of Kupreanof, Alaska, which is on that island.
# Print server

In computer networking, a print server, or printer server, is a type of server that connects printers to client computers over a network. It accepts print jobs from the computers and sends the jobs to the appropriate printers, queuing the jobs locally to accommodate the fact that work may arrive more quickly than the printer can actually handle. Ancillary functions include the ability to inspect the queue of jobs to be processed, the ability to reorder or delete waiting print jobs, or the ability to do various kinds of accounting (such as counting pages, which may involve reading data generated by the printer(s)). Print servers may be used to enforce administration policies, such as color printing quotas, user/department authentication, or watermarking printed documents.
Print servers may support a variety of industry-standard or proprietary printing protocols including Internet Printing Protocol, Line Printer Daemon protocol, NetWare, NetBIOS/NetBEUI, or JetDirect.
A print server may be a networked computer with one or more shared printers. Alternatively, a print server may be a dedicated device on the network, with connections to the LAN and one or more printers. Dedicated server appliances tend to be fairly simple in both configuration and features. Print server functionality may be integrated with other devices such as a wireless router, a firewall, or both. A printer may have a built-in print server.
All printers with the right type of connector are compatible with all print servers; manufacturers of servers make available lists of compatible printers because a server may not implement all the communications functionality of a printer (e.g. low ink signal).
* A wireless print server
* Brother HL-2070N network laser printer with built-in print server
* Dell 1320cn color laser network printer with network connection
* External print server HP JetDirect 170X with LAN and parallel printer ports
* An example of network printing