OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sarah Bridle

Sarah Louise Bridle is a Professor of Food, Climate and Society at the University of York. She previously served as Professor of extragalactic astronomy and cosmology in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester where she applied statistical techniques to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and on the use of weak gravitational lensing in cosmology. From 2006 - 2015 she co-led weak lensing efforts with the Dark Energy Survey (DES), was co-lead of the Euclid weak lensing working group and was Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) UK Project Scientist from 2013 to 2017.
Bridle is a patron of Humanists UK.

## Education

Bridle was brought up in Gloucestershire where her father was involved with computers and artificial intelligence (AI). She was educated at the University of Cambridge and was awarded several prizes and then a first class Master of Arts degree in Natural Sciences in 1997. Bridle then started doctoral research about dark matter, which was one of the popular areas in cosmology in the mid-1990s. She was awarded a PhD in 2000 on Bayesian methods in cosmology supervised by Mike Hobson.

## Career and research

Bridle's research investigates climate change, focusing on a quantitative approach to helping transform food systems. Previously her research investigated the nature of the dark energy which may be the cause of the accelerating universe. She uses weak gravitational lensing to investigate dark energy because it can reveal the distribution of dark matter.
Her research has been funded by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Royal Society and the European Research Council (ERC).
Following her PhD, Bridle was a postdoctoral researcher at the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique of the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) in Toulouse and Selwyn College, Cambridge. In 2004, Bridle was appointed a lecturer at University College London and was subsequently promoted to Reader in 2008 and professor at the University of Manchester in 2013.
In 2015, in part inspired by the illness of David J. C. MacKay, Bridle adopted a new research direction about agriculture, food and sustainability on the planet Earth, making use of data as in her astrophysical research. She leads the greenhouse gas and dietary choices open-source toolkit (GGDOT)
Bridle has supervised several PhD students.

### Awards and honours

In 2003 Bridle was awarded a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (URF) for early career scientists which she held until 2012.
In 2008, Bridle received a L'Oréal UK and Ireland Fellowship for Women in Science. A recipient of the Royal Astronomical Society's 2009 Fowler Award, Bridle was nominated one of the "Top 10 UK Scientists under 40" by the Times Eureka Magazine in 2010.
# Nobunaga o Koroshita Otoko

Nobunaga o Koroshita Otoko: Honnoji no Hen 431-nenme no Shinjitsu (信長を殺した男～本能寺の変 431年目の真実～) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yutaka Tōdō. It was serialized in Akita Shoten's seinen manga magazine Bessatsu Young Champion from August 2016 to July 2020. The series is an adaptation of The Honnoji Incident: The Truth 431 Years Later by Kenzaburō Akechi.

## Publication

Written and illustrated by Yutaka Tōdō, Nobunaga o Koroshita Otoko: Honnouji no Hen 431-nenme no Shinjitsu was serialized in Akita Shoten's seinen manga magazine Bessatsu Young Champion from August 2, 2016 to July 7, 2020. The series is an adaptation of The Honnoji Incident: The Truth 431 Years Later by Kenzaburō Akechi. Its chapters were collected into eight tankōbon volumes from May 19, 2017 to October 20, 2020.
A sequel manga, titled Nobunaga o Koroshita Otoko: Nichirin no Demarcation, began serialization in the same magazine on February 2, 2021. The sequel's chapters have been collected into seven tankōbon volumes as of February 2025.

### Volumes

| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| 1 | May 19, 2017 | 978-4-253-14191-8 |
| 2 | October 20, 2017 | 978-4-253-14192-5 |
| 3 | October 19, 2018 | 978-4-253-14193-2 |
| 4 | September 20, 2018 | 978-4-253-14192-5 |
| 5 | March 19, 2019 | 978-4-253-14195-6 |
| 6 | September 19, 2019 | 978-4-253-14196-3 |
| Ex | December 20, 2019 | 978-4-253-14190-1 |
| 7 | March 19, 2020 | 978-4-253-14197-0 |
| 8 | October 20, 2020 | 978-4-253-14198-7 |

### Nichirin no Demarcation

| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| 1 | October 20, 2021 | 978-4-253-30255-5 |
| 2 | May 19, 2022 | 978-4-253-30256-2 |
| 3 | November 18, 2022 | 978-4-253-30257-9 |
| 4 | May 18, 2023 | 978-4-253-30258-6 |
| 5 | November 20, 2023 | 978-4-253-30259-3 |
| 6 | June 19, 2024 | 978-4-253-30260-9 |
| 7 | February 19, 2025 | 978-4-253-30261-6 |

## Reception

By October 2020, the series had over 1.6 million copies in circulation. By November 2023, the series had over 2.7 million copies in circulation.
# Exostosis

An exostosis, also known as a bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone. Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion. It is most commonly found in places like the ribs, where small bone growths form, but sometimes larger growths can grow on places like the ankles, knees, shoulders, elbows and hips. Very rarely are they on the skull.
Exostoses are sometimes shaped like spurs, such as calcaneal spurs.
Osteomyelitis, a bone infection, may leave the adjacent bone with exostosis formation. Charcot foot, the neuropathic breakdown of the feet seen primarily in diabetics, can also leave bone spurs that may then become symptomatic.
They normally form on the bones of joints, and can grow upwards. For example, if an extra bone formed on the ankle, it might grow up to the shin.
When used in the phrases "cartilaginous exostosis" or "osteocartilaginous exostosis", the term is considered synonymous with osteochondroma. Some sources consider the two terms to mean the same thing even without qualifiers, but this interpretation is not universal.

## Osteophytes

Osteophytes are bone spurs that develop on the margins of joints secondary to external stimuli such as osteoarthritis. However, these are not always distinguished from exostoses in any definite way.

## Fossil record

Evidence for exostosis found in the fossil record is studied by paleopathologists, specialists in ancient disease and injury. Exostosis has been reported in dinosaur fossils from several species, including Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, Albertosaurus sarcophagus, Allosaurus fragilis, Gorgosaurus libratus, and Poekilopleuron bucklandii.

## Hereditary multiple exostoses

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), also called hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), is a condition that is estimated to affect 1 in 50,000 individuals. Multiple benign or noncancerous bone tumors develop in the affected individuals. The number and location vary among affected patients. Most people seem unaffected at birth; however, by the age of 12 years, they develop multiple exostoses. Affected individuals commonly complain of palpable and recognizable lumps (exostoses) at about the knees and in the forearms. The condition characteristically occurs bilaterally. It may lead to mild degrees of growth retardation and limb asymmetry. Genu valgum (commonly known as "knock-knees"), ankle valgus, and bowing and shortening of one or both of the forearm bones are common manifestations.

## Types

* Buccal exostosis
* Footballer's ankle (exotosis of the ankle bone)
* Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME)
* Subungual exostosis
* Surfer's ear (exostosis of the ear canal)
* Torus mandibularis
* Torus palatinus
* Calcaneal spur (heel spur)
# Ras Tarkhan

Ras Tarkhan was a Khazar general of the mid 8th century, sometimes referred to as As Tarkhan, who led an invasion of Abbasid territories in Armenia, Caucasian Albania and northwestern Persia. He defeated the Arabs in the Battle of Shirvan and ensur the dominance of the Khazar Khanate in the Caucasus, and this battle was the end of the Khazar-Arab Wars. Scholars have debated over whether Ras Tarkhan is a name or a title. As Tarkhan, used as a title, would mean "general of the Alans", possibly indicating a role as commander of Alan mercenaries or auxiliaries. According to Zeki Validi Togan and Peter Benjamin Golden, Ras Tarkhan came from a clan called Khatiriltber.
# Mainetti (cycling team)

Mainetti was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1966 to 1967.
The team was selected to race in two editions of the Giro d'Italia, where they achieved three stage wins.
# Lifeboat Foundation

The Lifeboat Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in Gardnerville, Nevada, dedicated to the prevention of global catastrophic risk. Technology journalist Ashlee Vance describes Lifeboat as "a nonprofit that seeks to protect people from some seriously catastrophic technology-related events". Prominent scholars from Lifeboat Foundation's Advisory Board includes 1986 Nobel Laureate in Literature Wole Soyinka, 1993 Nobel Laureate in Medicine Richard J. Roberts, 2002 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Daniel Kahneman, and 2007 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Eric Maskin.

## Organization

Lifeboat was founded by online dating service entrepreneur Eric Klien, who continues to run Lifeboat as president and chairman of the board of directors. The organization has raised over $500,000 in total donations from individuals and corporate matching funds programs, most of which went to "supporting conferences and publishing papers". Writer and advisory board member Sonia Arrison describes the group as "basically a Website, that raises money for various things".
In 2007, the Lifeboat Foundation absorbed an organization called the "Alliance to Rescue Civilization", which aimed to establish a disaster-proof record of human civilization on the Moon.
Lifeboat has tried to raise more money by accepting donations in Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency. According to Fast Company, Lifeboat raised $72,000 in Bitcoin donations and pledges, and sought to use Bitcoin to protect itself against events such as the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis.
The Board of Directors includes Eric Klien, Carl Martinez, Philippe van Nedervelde, Chris K. Haley, Sergio Tarrero.

## Activities

According to Fast Company, Lifeboat runs a number of "programs" to protect Earth against threats such as an asteroid impact, grey goo from molecular nanotechnology, and unfriendly artificial general intelligence. Lifeboat maintains a list of "dozens and dozens" of catastrophic threats - including the eventual burnout of the Sun — divided into four main categories of "calamities", "collapse", "dominium", and "betrayal". Journalist Ashlee Vance notes that it's "unclear how far along any of these projects is".
The Lifeboat Foundation also publishes books, such as Visions of the Future, an anthology of futurist and science fiction writing reviewed in the Financial Times.

## Guardian Award

The Lifeboat Foundation awards the Guardian Award every year to a leading scientist who has contributed most to the saving of humanity from existential risks.
Recent award recipients include Steve Mann (2024) and Geoffrey Hinton (2023).
# Boxted, Essex

Boxted is a village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is located approximately 5 miles (8 km) north of Colchester and 24 miles (39 km) northeast of the county city of Chelmsford. The village is in the parliamentary constituency of North Essex. There is a Parish council. The village was the site of a series of skirmishes between Parliamentary and Royalist troops in July 1648, known as the Battle of Boxted Heath.

## History

Two historic manors are located in the parish: Boxted Hall and Rivers Hall, which are both mentioned in the Domesday records. Boxted was split into two settlements, "Boxted" and "Boxted Cross", during the plague when non-infected villagers moved across the valley from 'Old Boxted' to escape infection. A timber-framed cottage called Songers is reputedly the oldest private dwelling in Essex dating back to 1280.
In 1630 the village vicar, George Phillips, and many other Boxted residents emigrated to America as part of the Great Migration. Phillips subsequently founded a church at Watertown on the Charles River in Massachusetts. Other Boxted residents went to Ipswich, Massachusetts.

## Description

Today Boxted can be easily reached from Colchester along Boxted Straight Road, which is often mistaken for a Roman road, but is in fact a relatively modern road based upon an old heathland track; many other local roads are much older. Parts of the Boxted parish - such as Old Boxted - are within the Dedham Vale conservation area where development of buildings etc. is tightly controlled. Old Boxted is not developing as fast as Boxted Cross, which contains a broad mix of modern housing developments and has now extended considerably along Straight Road. Recently the school has moved from Old Boxted to Boxted Cross.
At Boxted Cross is a village hall overlooking the George V playing fields where Boxted Lodgers football team and Boxted Cricket club play.
In 2017 the Boxted Runners was founded by Vanessa Dolling, a local running group catering for all abilities. By 2018 they had grown to a membership of over 100. They held the first Boxted 10k event in 2018 raising over £6,000 for the local Primary School.
Boxted Heath to the southern end of the parish is mostly divided into nearly 70 small holdings which were originally built by the Salvation Army in the early 20th century under an initiative to create a land settlement or colony. These small holdings replaced the Priory farm that was here in the 19th century, although the old farm house and some outbuildings still remain.
No public houses are trading in the village since the Wig & Fidget closed in about 2005. The Cross Inn ceased trading in the mid-1980s and was converted into residential usage. The Queen's Head (Queen's Hd Rd/Ellis Rd corner) closed in 1972 and was demolished after several years as a retirement home. Most of the other pubs - such as the Fox (near the church) and Thatchers (Mill Rd) - closed much earlier.

## Notable residents

* Richard Blackmore - poet and physician, is buried in the sanctuary of St Peter's Church.
# Malik Ahmed Hussain Dehar

Malik Ahmed Hussain Dehar is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 till August 2023.

## Political career

Mr Ahmed Hussain Deharr son of Malik Muhammad Hussain was born on September 30, 1965. He has been elected as Member, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab in general elections 2008.His constituency was PP-200 and was an MPA under Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani.
He was allocated the ticket from PTI to contest the election from Constituency NA-154 (Multan-I) a few days before the 2018 general election after a large number of party workers put forward his name.
Dehar was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) from Constituency NA-154 (Multan-I) in the 2018 general election. He received 74,220 votes and defeated Abdul Qadir Gillani.
# John Guildesborough

Sir John Guildesborough or Gildesburgh (c. 1331 – 1389) was Knight of the Shire for Essex and Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1380. He was knighted on 14 August 1378.
He was born circa 1331 and educated at Oxford University. He was elected a Knight of the Shire to represent Essex five times between 1380 and 1388 and elected speaker of the house for both parliaments in 1380.

## Marriages

He married, firstly, Margery, daughter and coheir of Sir Henry Garnet of Wennington and secondly, Elizabeth, daughter and eventual heiress of William Pembridge. He had no surviving children.
# Kearney Township, Michigan

Kearney Township is a civil township of Antrim County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,780 at the 2020 census. A portion of the village of Bellaire is located within the township.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.3 square miles (91.3 km$^2$), of which 34.2 square miles (88.7 km$^2$) is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km$^2$), or 2.87%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,764 people, 661 households, and 464 families residing in the township. The population density was 51.5 inhabitants per square mile (19.9/km$^2$). There were 932 housing units at an average density of 27.2 per square mile (10.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.17% White, 0.28% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.40% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population.
There were 661 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $36,058, and the median income for a family was $45,677. Males had a median income of $35,391 versus $21,739 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,106. About 5.8% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Robert Knollys (courtier)

Sir Robert Knollys (or Knolles) (died 1521) was an English courtier in the service and favour of Henry VII and Henry VIII.

## Biography

Sir Robert was the son of Robert Knollys and Elizabeth Troutbeck, paternal grandson of Sir Richard Knollys and Margaret D'Oyley, and maternal grandson of Sir John Troutbeck and Margaret Hulse.
In 1488, Knollys was one of Henry VII's henchmen, and late in that year was appointed to wait on ‘the king's dearest son the prince’ (Arthur). He received £5 ‘by way of reward’ for each of the three years 1488 to 1490, and when Henry VII met Archduke Philip in 1500, Knollys accompanied the English king as one of the ushers of the chamber. He continued in the same office under Henry VIII, and received an annuity of £20, on 15 November 1509, and a grant of Upclatford, called Rookes Manor, in Hampshire — part of the confiscated property of Sir Richard Empson — on 10 February 1510/11. On 9 July 1514, the usher and his wife were jointly granted the manor of Rotherfield Greys, near Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, in survivorship, at an annual rental of a red rose at midsummer. The grant was confirmed on 5 January 1517/18 by letters patent for their own lives and that of one successor. Other royal gifts followed.
Robert Knollys died in 1521, and was buried in the church of St Helen's Bishopsgate. His will, dated 13 November 1520, was proved 19 June 1521. His widow, Letitia or Lettice, was daughter of Sir Thomas Penyston or Penystone, of Hawridge and Marsworth, both in Buckinghamshire, and Alice Bulstrode, and granddaughter of Sir Richard Penystone and Margaret Herris, and Richard Bulstrode and Alice Knyffe. After Robert Knollys's death, she became the second wife of Sir Robert Lee, of Burston, Buckinghamshire, son of Richard Lee (died c.1500) and Joan Saunders (d.1516). Sir Robert Lee, by whom she had issue, died in 1539, when she became the second wife of Sir Thomas Tresham of Rushton, Northamptonshire, prior (under Queen Mary of England) of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. Her will, dated 28 June 1557, was proved 11 June 1558.
Robert Knollys's children included Francis Knollys, a son Henry and two daughters, Mary and Jane. The latter married Sir Charles Wingfield of Kimbolton Castle. The son Henry (died 1583) was in some favour with Edward VI and Queen Elizabeth. He went abroad with his brother Francis during Queen Mary of England's reign. In 1562 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Germany, to observe the temper of German Protestants, and in 1569 was temporarily employed in warding both Mary, Queen of Scots, at Tutbury and the Duke of Norfolk in the Tower. He was M.P. for Reading in 1563, and for Christchurch in 1572. His will, dated 27 July 1582, was proved 2 September 1583.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Robert Knollys (courtier) :
# Au Gres Township, Michigan

Au Gres Township (/ˈɔːɡreɪ/ AW-gray) is a civil township of Arenac County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 896. The city of Au Gres borders the township to the east but both are administered autonomously.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 38.8 square miles (100.4 km$^2$), of which 33.4 square miles (86.4 km$^2$) is land and 5.4 square miles (14.0 km$^2$), or 13.95%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,007 people, 434 households, and 311 families residing in the township. The population density was 29.7 inhabitants per square mile (11.5/km$^2$). There were 636 housing units at an average density of 18.8 per square mile (7.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.52% White, 0.10% African American, 0.89% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.10% of the population.
There were 434 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.70.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 33.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $34,141, and the median income for a family was $39,167. Males had a median income of $34,231 versus $21,136 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,049. About 7.4% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Expeditor

An expeditor is someone who facilitates a process. It is a position or role found within project management, construction, purchasing, production control, and restaurants. One example of this is a person in a restaurant who coordinates actions between cooks and waiting staff in a restaurant, managing the flow of orders and giving real-time commands to other employees.
In a shipping logistics supply chain, an expeditor's role is primarily to look at the requirement levels in the business and fulfill the demands by either rescheduling in or rescheduling out the delivery date on the purchase order. The expeditor is also responsible for making sure there is no line stopping situation for a business. The key metrics which an expeditor influences may be - on time delivery, cash flow cycle and inventory management. An expeditor needs to be assertive and needs to know the business at high contextual levels
This is also the name used for Beech 18 aircraft by British and Commonwealth air forces (1940s-50s).