OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Debt Management Office (Nigeria)

The Debt Management Office (DMO) is a government agency established on 4 October 2000, tasked with centralizing the management of Nigeria's debt. It was created in response to challenges in Nigeria's debt portfolio, which included high external and domestic debt, substantial debt service, low external reserves, and weak debt management capacity.

## History

The DMO was established following recommendations from the Debt Management Department (DMD) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) after a comprehensive assessment of Nigeria's debt situation in 1999. The DMD suggested the establishment of a single agency responsible for all aspects of public debt management, including policy formulation, strategy development, borrowing, recording, servicing, and reporting.
Initially an autonomous unit within the Presidency, the DMO was later transferred to the Ministry of Finance in 2001 and upgraded to a full parastatal in 2003. The legal framework for the DMO's operation includes the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 and the DMO Establishment Act 2003.

## Functions

The primary functions of the DMO are to advise the Federal Government on public debt management, raise funds through domestic and external sources, maintain an accurate database of public debts, service all public debts, manage associated risks, develop debt management strategies, promote the domestic debt market, and collaborate with relevant stakeholders on public debt management issues.

## Organization

The DMO is led by a Director-General, appointed by the President for a term of five years, with a possibility of a renewal for another five years. Three Executive Directors oversee the operational departments of the DMO: Market Development, Portfolio Management, and Policy Strategy and Risk Management. Additionally, there are four service departments: General Services, Internal Audit, Legal Services, and Public Affairs. The DMO operates through six zonal offices situated in different regions to coordinate debt management at state and local government levels.

## Achievements

The DMO achieved significant milestones by reducing Nigeria's external debt stock, increasing external reserves, improving credit ratings, issuing internationally successful bonds (Eurobonds, Sukuk bonds, and Green Bonds), and strengthening debt management strategies. It enhanced the capacity of public debt managers, provided education on public debt management, and maintained regular reports for public awareness.

## Challenges

The DMO faces challenges related to managing the rising public debt stock, high domestic debt service costs, the decline in the share of external debt, the need for coordination and harmonization in debt management, improvements in the legal and institutional frameworks, and ensuring transparency and accountability.
# 2025 Wiltshire Council election

The 2025 Wiltshire Council election is due to take place on 1 May 2025 to elect members to Wiltshire Council in Wiltshire, England. 98 seats will be elected.

## Background

At the 2021 election, the Conservatives won a majority of seats.
# Yan Zhengzai

Yan Zhengzai (568 BC – 535 BC) was the third daughter of Yan Xiang and the mother of Confucius.

## Life
### Kong He's family

Kong He, known as Shuliang He, married his first wife Lady Shi. She gave birth to nine daughters but no sons. Later, he married a concubine and gave birth to a son, called Kong Pi, courtesy name Meng Pi, who was said to have deformities in his feet and could not become his father's heir.

### Marriage

Anxious for a son, the aged Shuliang He approached the father of the Yan family for a marriage to one of his daughters. Yan Xiang (顏襄) had three daughters, the youngest of whom was called Yan Zhengzai. Yan Xiang asked his three daughters, "Shuliang He was a scholar and came from a noble family. His height was ten feet and had unparalleled military strength. He was very nice, although he was old and impatient, but that is not worth the hesitation, you three who want to be his wife?" While the two daughters kept silent, the third daughter Yan Zhengzai said, "By heeding father's decision, so what should I ask?" Yan Zhengzai's father said, "So it's you may marry to him."
When Yan Zhengzai married Shuliang He, she was 18 years old while he was 72 years old. Due to her husband's old age, Yan was worried that she would not be able to conceive a son in time, so she went to Mount Ni to pray to its mountain god for a son. She eventually gave birth to a son, so they named him Kong Qiu, courtesy name Zhongni.

### Death of Kong He

Kong Qiu was three years old when Shuliang He died. Yan Zhengzai later moved to Queli (闕里) with her son and stepson Kong Pi, whose mother had also died. They lived in poverty and had a very difficult life. Due to her being literate thanks to her well-educated father, Yan Zhengzai personally taught Kong Qiu, which would have influences into his adult life and raised him into a nine-foot six inches man who everyone called "long man".

## Death

Yan Zhengzai died in 535 BC at the age of 33 when Kong Qiu was 17 years old. Her son first stationed her coffin along the crossroad of Wufu (五父之衢) and began asking around for the location of his father's grave. He eventually got told by Zou Man Fu (郰曼父)'s mother and managed to locate his father's grave near Fangshan, and Yan Zhengzai was buried together with him.
# Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt

Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt, 504 U.S. 334 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court case that held that an Alabama law imposing a fee (of $72 per ton) on out-of-state hazardous waste being disposed of in-state violated the Dormant Commerce Clause.

## Opinion of the Court

The state law was found to discriminate against out-of-state commerce. Justice White explained that "No state may attempt to isolate itself from a problem common to the several States by raising barriers to the free flow of interstate trade," relying on Philadelphia v. New Jersey (1978) as precedent.
The Court suggested two less-discriminatory alternatives to the fee on out-of-state hazardous waste:
* A generally-applicable, additional fee per ton of all hazardous waste disposed of within Alabama, regardless of its source.
* A per-mile tax on all vehicles transporting hazardous waste across Alabama roads.

### Dissent

Chief Justice Rehnquist dissented arguing that States may wish to avoid the risks to public health and environment by regulating the disposal of hazardous waste. He continued to say that since taxes are a recognized and effective means for discouraging the consumption of scarce commodities, which he in this case had deemed the environment. Then there was nothing unconstitutional or discriminatory about the state of Alabama's taxes.

## Related cases

* White v. Massachusetts Council of Constr. Employers, Inc., 460 U.S. 204, 206 -208 (1983)
* Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429, 436-437 (1980)
* Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp., 426 U.S. 794, 810 (1976)
# Exames Nacionais do Ensino Secundário

In Portugal, ENES is an acronym for 'Exames Nacionais do Ensino Secundário' (Secondary Education National Exams). Specifically, the ENES Sheet is a document containing the students final secondary education classification (GPA) as well as the exam results of the "provas específicas" (specific exams) used to apply to university or polytechnical institutions.
# G. A. St Poole

Commander Giles Antony St. George Poole (25 March 1928, Grantham, Lincolnshire – 25 October 1986) was the Commander of the Sea Wing of the Abu Dhabi Defence Force in 1974, and continued until at least 1979. He was at some point an officer in the British Royal Navy, as the officers of the time were recruited from the Royal Navy or seconded from the Pakistani Navy.
He died in Grantham in 1986.
# Betty Boop's Museum

Betty Boop's Museum is a 1932 Fleischer Studios animated short film starring Betty Boop, and featuring Koko the Clown and Bimbo.

## Plot

Koko is recruiting customers for a 50-cent sightseeing tour of the museum. Betty is Koko's only passenger. Betty gets locked inside by accident. The skeletons from the displays come to life and chase Betty, until she is finally rescued by Bimbo.

## Public domain

Unlike many items later created by Fleischer Studios, Betty Boop's Museum became public domain slightly before 2024, and was released in semi-quality distribution.
# Chainarong Tathong

Chainarong Tathong (Thai: ชัยณรงค์ ทาทอง, born 31 January 1987), simply known as Bie (Thai: บี้) is a Thai retired professional footballer who plays as a striker.

## Club career

At BBCU, Chainarong was the 2010 Thai Division 1 League top scorer with 19 goals. Muangthong United bought him from BBCU in 2012. In 2013, he was loaned to Army United. In the second leg of the 2013 Thai Premier League, Chainarong came back to Muangthong after impressive form with Army United. He scored his first Muangthong United goal against Samut Songkhram.
Later in the season, Chainarong scored his second goal for Muangthong against Suphanburi, marking his first goal at SCG Stadium. In recent seasons, he has again gone out on loan from Muangthong, spending 2015 with Osotspa Samut Prakan. He started 2016 on loan with BEC Tero Sasana, and is currently at PTT Rayong.

## International career

Chainarong was called up to the national team for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup qualification against Kuwait and Iran, but didn't get a chance to play. Chainarong was also part of Thailand's squad in the 2014 AFF Suzuki Cup.

### International

    As of 12 November 2015
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Thailand | 2014 | 3 | 0 |
| Thailand | Total | 3 | 0 |

## Personal life

Chainarong's brother, Wuttichai Tathong, is also a footballer as a striker.

## Honours
### International
#### Thailand

* ASEAN Football Championship (1): 2014

### Individual

* Thai Division 1 League Top Scorer (1): 2010
# Black Horse (Comanche)

Black Horse or Tu-ukumah (died c. 1900), was a Comanche war chief. After Bull Bear died in 1874, Black Horse was promoted to second chief in the Quahadi band of Comanche.
He surrendered to the United States Army at Fort Sill, Indian Territory, at the end of the Red River War in early 1875. He was then sent along with ten other Comanche to Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida. His wife and daughter Akhah were allowed to join him, although they were not considered prisoners. He was released from captivity and returned to the Comanche reservation in Indian Territory in 1878. Quanah Parker was only made Chief by the United States Army, because the Comanches did not want a Chief after captivity.

## Death

Black Horse died around 1900 in Cache, Oklahoma Territory.
# Joana Ceddia

Joana Campos Ceddia (Brazilian Portuguese:; born June 21, 2001) is a Brazilian-Canadian former YouTuber, vlogger and former competitive swimmer and runner. A nominee of a Streamy Award and a Shorty Award, Ceddia is known for her quirky and ironic sense of humor, and is famed for her work on YouTube targeted towards teenage audiences.
On October 30, 2021, Ceddia's YouTube channel and Instagram account were deleted. The reasons behind the deletions remain unknown.

## Early life

Joana Campos Ceddia was born on June 21, 2001, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Denilce Campos, a former professional gymnast, who represented Brazil at the 1980 and 1982 South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships, winning gold in team all-around both times, and Rolando Ceddia, who is currently an associate professor at the School of Kinesiology & Health Science at York University. Ceddia currently resides in Toronto, where she studies physics and astronomy.

## Career

Ceddia participated in competitive school swimming and is an OFSAA gold medalist. After suffering an injury that prevented her from pursuing a career in competitive running, she created her YouTube channel in 2018, initially uploading videos of her creating artwork. She then received recognition for her video where she attempts to cut her own hair with craft scissors, which gained over 13 million views prior to its deletion.
Ceddia then became an internet sensation, gaining nearly two million subscribers in the space of a few months. She had been faced with controversy in 2018, being accused on platforms such as Reddit of buying her subscribers due to the abnormal rate of growth she had been receiving on her channel, although it has been disproven statistically.
While she was active, her most notable content included recreating popular artwork, making vlogs and jokingly "transforming" herself into popular characters and public figures by creating costumes. For her work, she was a finalist for the "Best YouTube Comedian" category at the Shorty Awards in 2018, and was nominated for the "Breakout Creator" category at the 2019 Streamy Awards. As of July 2021, her YouTube channel had accumulated 3.28 million subscribers and 316,388,216 views from her videos collectively.
Following the deletions of her YouTube channel and Instagram account on October 30, 2021, Ceddia no longer has a presence on any social media platform.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref(s) |
| 2019 | Shorty Awards | Best YouTube Comedian | Nominated | |
| 2019 | Streamy Awards | Breakout Creator | Nominated | |
# C. F. E. Horneman

Christian Frederik Emil Horneman (December 17, 1840 – June 8, 1906) was a Danish composer, conductor, music publisher, and music instructor.

## Biography

C. F. E. Horneman was born in Copenhagen, the son of the composer Emil Horneman and of Camilla Scheuermann (a cousin of composer Emma Hartmann). He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory with Ignaz Moscheles, Ernst Friedrich Richter, Moritz Hauptmann, and Julius Rietz. After his return to Denmark he composed divertimenti and opera fantasies and began work on the opera Aladdin, the composition of which occupied him for more than twenty years. The overture, completed in 1864, is Horneman's best known work, along with the four-movement suite drawn from incidental music for the Holger Drachmann drama Gurre.
Together with composers Gottfred Matthison-Hansen, Edvard Grieg, and others he founded in 1865 the music institute Euterpe to encourage newer Danish music. This was in reaction to the Music Society (Musikforeningen), which was controlled by Niels Wilhelm Gade and was regarded by the younger composers as too conservative. Horneman conducted the organization's concerts.
During a trip to Germany in 1867 he wrote his Ouverture héroïque and led a performance of his Aladdin Overture at the Leipzig Gewandhaus. In 1874, together with Otto Malling, he founded the Concert Association (Koncertforeningen) and in 1879 the Horneman music conservatory (Hornemans Konservatorium) that bore his name until its closing in 1920.

## Partial list of works

Opera
    Aladdin (first performed 19 Nov 1888)
Incidental music
    Esther (H. Drachmann) (1889)
    The Judge of Zalamea (P. Calderón) (1892)
    The Barber of Seville (Beaumarchais) (1893)
    King Hjarne Skjald (K. Gjellerup) (1893)
    Gurre (Drachmann) (1901)
    The Conversion of Harlekin (Rode) (1901)
    Kalanus (Paludan-Müller) (1904)
    The Fight against the Muses (Gjellerup) (1908–10)
Vocal
    Valfarten (Pilgrimage) for baritone and orchestra (1876)
    Lyric Suite for solo voice, chorus, and orchestra (1878)
    3 Uhland Songs for baritone, male choir, and orchestra (1889)
    Cantata for the opening of Tivoli Concert Hall (1902)
    Cantata for the centenary of J.P.E. Hartmann (1905)
    Cantata for the death of King Christian IX (1906)
    52 songs, 8 duets
Instrumental
    Ouverture héroïque (1867)
    String Quartet no. 1 in G minor (1859)
    String Quartet no. 2 in D major (1861)
    Fantasia for piano
    Serenade for piano
# Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council

Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council, 530 U.S. 363 (2000), was a unanimous case in which the Supreme Court of the United States used the federal preemption doctrine to strike down the Massachusetts Burma Law, a law that effectively prohibited Massachusetts' governmental agencies from buying goods and services from companies conducting business with Myanmar (Burma), essentially a secondary boycott. The Massachusetts Burma Law was modeled after similar legislation that had targeted the apartheid regime of South Africa.
The Court reasoned that since the United States Congress passed a law imposing sanctions on Myanmar, the Massachusetts law "undermines the intended purpose and 'natural effect' of at least three provisions of the federal Act, that is, its delegation of effective discretion to the President to control economic sanctions against Burma, its limitation of sanctions solely to United States persons and new investment, and its directive to the President to proceed diplomatically in developing a comprehensive, multilateral strategy towards Burma."
# WRMF

WRMF (97.9 FM) is a commercial radio station in Palm Beach, Florida. It serves the northern sections of the Miami metropolitan area, including West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale. The station airs a hot adult contemporary radio format and is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting. The studios and offices are on Northpoint Parkway in West Palm Beach. For the past three decades, WRMF has been at or close to #1 in the West Palm Beach radio market ratings.
WRMF has an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts. The transmitter is in Lake Worth, west of U.S. Route 441. WRMF is licensed to broadcast in the HD Radio digital format. The HD2 subchannel simulcasts the talk radio format on sister station WFTL. The HD3 subchannel carries Haitian Creole talk and contemporary hits from co-owned WPBR. The HD4 subchannel carries a contemporary hit radio format.

## History
### WQXT-FM, WWOS

On March 17, 1957, the station signed on as WQXT-FM, the FM counterpart to WQXT (now WPBR), under the ownership of the Flame Radio & TV Corporation. They simulcast a full service middle of the road format of adult popular music and news, with national shows from the ABC Radio Network. The studios were located on Lake Worth Beach.
In 1963, WQXT-AM-FM were sold to Fairfax Broadcasting. The following year, the FM station's call sign was changed to WWOS, standing for Wonderful World of Stereo," when the station began broadcasting in FM stereo full time. In 1971, the simulcast with WQXT ended, as WWOS switched to Progressive Rock using the call letters WMUM for "The Mother."

### WJNO-FM, WRMF

The station was sold in 1971 to Robert M. Weeks, who also owned WJNO (now WBZT). The FM station became WJNO-FM, "J-98", switching to an album rock format.
WJNO-AM-FM were acquired by Richard M. Fairbanks in July 1979. The FM station's call letters were changed to WRMF in January 1980, representing the owner's initials. Nearly a year later in December 1980, WRMF dropped its album rock format and switched to an adult contemporary format. When the 1990s rolled along, its format would later begin picking up the tempo and its format moved into a hot adult contemporary format by the middle of the decade.

### Alpha and Hubbard ownership

In the 2010s, WRMF was acquired by Alpha Media, based in Portland, Oregon. On September 27, 2018, Alpha Media agreed to sell its cluster in West Palm Beach to Hubbard Radio. The sale, at a price of $88 million, was consummated on January 23, 2019.

## Shows

* The KVJ Show - Weekdays and Saturdays from 6am-10am
* Randi West - Weekdays from 10am-2pm
* Danny & Meghan-Weekdays from 2pm-7pm
* KVJ Replay 7pm
* Shirenna - Weekdays from 8pm-midnight
* South Florida Sunday - Sundays from 6-7am (public affairs)
# Mared Griffiths

Mared Alaw Griffiths (born 3 March 2007) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Women's Super League club Manchester United. She has been capped for the Wales national team up to under-19 level.

## Youth career

Griffiths played for the FAW North Academy. In July 2024, Griffiths moved to Manchester United to join the club's under-21 academy team.

## Senior career
### Manchester United

Griffiths was named to a senior matchday squad for the first time on 11 December 2024, as an unused substitute in a League Cup group stage match against Newcastle United. She made her senior debut on 8 February 2025, appearing as an 81st-minute substitute and scoring twice in a 6–0 victory against third division Wolverhampton Wanderers in the fifth round of the 2024–25 Women's FA Cup.

## International career
### Youth

On 30 October 2022, Griffiths made her debut for the Wales under-17s in 2023 U17 Championship qualification against Montenegro in a 4–0 victory, playing as a left winger. She scored her debut goal for the youth team in the second round of qualification against Finland during a 2–1 defeat.
In October 2023, she played the full 90 minutes for the under-19s in all three 2024 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification first round matches against Czech Republic, England, and Greece.

### Senior

In March 2024, Griffiths was called up to the Wales national team for the first time, for UEFA Euro 2025 qualifying games against Croatia and Kosovo; one of five uncapped young players added to the squad by Rhian Wilkinson. A regular with the under-17s, she was recalled to the senior team for qualifying matches in June 2024, and later qualifying play-offs against Slovakia and the Republic of Ireland in October and November 2024. In total, Griffiths was named as a substitute four times during the qualification campaign but did not make her debut.

## Personal life

Griffiths is from the village of Trawsfynydd and studies business at Meirion-Dwyfor college in Dolgellau, Gwynedd, Wales.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 8 February 2025.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Manchester United | 2024–25 | Women's Super League | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
# Mordecai Leib Bisliches

Mordecai Leib Bisliches (Hebrew: מרדכי ליב בן משה ביסליכיס; 1786–1851) was an Austrian bibliophile and rabbinic scholar.
Bisliches was born in Brody at the end of the eighteenth century. He was married at the age of thirteen, ultimately divorced his wife, and, after the death of his children, went to Paris. There he was very prosperous in business, devoting his leisure to the study and publication of Hebrew manuscripts in the Paris Library. Later he went to Holland and Italy, where he collected a number of Hebrew manuscripts. Returning to his birthplace, he prepared for publication a number of works with the aid of his brother Ephraim.
In 1846 Bisliches and Salomon Gottlieb Stern [Wikidata] sold 111 manuscripts in 102 volumes to the Archduchess Marie Louise of Parma, which were added to the De Rossi Collection in the Biblioteca Palatina.

## Publications

* Abravanel, Isaac ben Judah (1828). Yeshu'ot Meshiḥo. Carlsruhe.
* Palquera, Shem-Tov (1835). Sefer ha-Nefesh. Lemberg.
* Palquera, Shem-Tov (1837). Moreh ha-Moreh. Presburg: Anton Edler von Schmid. hdl:2027/njp.32101054800295.
* Tibbon, Samuel ben Judah (1837). Ma'amar Yikkavu ha-Mayim. Maamar Jikawu hamaim. Presburg: Anton Edler von Schmid.
* Naḥmanides, Moses (1837). Otzar Neḥmad. Presburg. Ḥiddushim on Shabbat.
* Abba Mari ben Moses of Lunel (1838). Minḥat Ḳena'ot. Minḥat ḳenaʾot. Presburg: Anton Edler von Schmid. hdl:2027/njp.32101076420080.
* Ibn Ezra, Abraham (1838). Sefat Yeter. Presburg. Edited with preface by Meïr Letteris.
* Ha-Palit. Berlin: Hotsa'ot Shmuel ben R. Yehuda Lövenherts. 1850. Catalogue of eighty valuable Hebrew manuscripts in the possession of Bisliches (described by L. Zunz, with additional critical remarks by Senior Sachs).