OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gugu hat

Gugu hat (罟罟冠 or 固姑冠 or 顧姑冠 or 故姑冠; pronounced as Guguguan in Chinese) is a tall headdress worn by Mongol noblewomen before and during the Yuan dynasty. It is also known as boqta, boghta, botta, boghtagh or boqtaq. The gugu hat was one of the hallmark headdress of Mongol women in the 13th and 14th century. It was always worn with the formal robe of Mongol women.
The boqta also appeared in the Ilkhanate (1256–1335 AD), in Korea when Mongol princesses married in the Goryeo court, and continued to be used in the Timurid court in the 15th century AD.

## Terminology

Gugu was a Mongolian word for hat; its name was then translated into Chinese based on its pronunciation.

## Construction and design

The Gugu hat was made with wires made of iron and with bamboo strips; they were shaped in the form of a large flask. It had the shape of long cylindrical shaft which became more spread out at the top. It could be as tall as one foot high. It could be covered with silk or felt fabric. It could be made of red silk or brocade, blue-green brocade, black felt. It could also be decorated with precious stones, such as pearls, gold filigrees, large pieces of jewelries in the middle of the hat, and small tuft of quills such as peacock feathers.

## Influences and derivatives

The gugu hat may have influenced the 15th Century AD conical hats (i.e. hennin) worn by European women. The Korean jokduri might have originated from the gugu hat.

## Gallery

* Empress Budashiri of Yuan and Khatun of the Mongols.
* Yuan dynasty empresses wearing gugu hat.
* Khatun wearing a boqta. Illustration of Rashid-ad-Din's Gami' at-tawarih, 1st quarter of 14th century AD.
* Women wearing boqta, Illustration of Rashid-ad-Din's Gami' at-tawarih, 1st quarter of 14th century AD.
* Three women wearing boqta, Illustration of Rashid-ad-Din's Gami' at-tawarih, 1st quarter of 14th century AD.
* Harem ladies of Ulugh Beg, Timurid court 1425-1450 AD.
# Ilkin Muradov

Ilkin Muradov (Azerbaijani: İlkin Ədalət oğlu Muradov; born 5 March 1996) is an Azerbaijani professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Shamakhi in the Azerbaijan Premier League.

## Club career

On 29 April 2017, Muradov made his debut in the Azerbaijan Premier League for Zira match against Shuvalan.
On 15 February 2023, Muradov joined Sabail on loan for the remainder of the season.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 22 April 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Zira | 2015–16 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Zira | 2016–17 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Zira | 2017–18 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 17 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Zira | 2018–19 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 23 | 0 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 27 | 1 |
| Zira | 2019–20 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 15 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 17 | 2 |
| Zira | 2020–21 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 27 | 0 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 32 | 1 |
| Zira | 2021–22 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 19 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 23 | 0 |
| Zira | 2022–23 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 13 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| Zira | Total | Total | 115 | 2 | 21 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 138 | 4 |
| Sabail (loan) | 2022–23 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 123 | 2 | 22 | 3 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 147 | 5 |
* ↑ Includes Azerbaijan Cup
# Abu'l-Hasan Ali of Granada

Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Sa'd (Arabic: أبو الحسن علي, romanized: Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Saʿd; d. 1485), known as Muley Hacén in Spanish (Muley being derived from Arabic مولاي mawlāy = "my lord"), was the twenty-first Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Spain, from 1464 to 1482 and again from 1483 to 1485.

## Life

The son of Sa'd, Abu'l-Hasan Ali became sultan in 1464, and in 1477 he refused to pay tribute to the Crown of Castile. In 1481 he ordered an invasion to the city of Zahara de la Sierra by surprise, killing and enslaving the unarmed Christian Zaharans. This action was taken by Isabella I of Castile as a reason to start the war against Granada.
He was the father of Muhammad XII (also known as Boabdil), the last sultan of Granada, by his relative Aixa.
He abandoned his son to marry the former Christian slave Isabel de Solís, the daughter of Sancho Jiménez de Solís, Alcalde of La Peña de Martos, who he gave the name Zoraida or Soraya (Thuraya, "Star") after her conversion to Islam and with whom he had two sons. This marriage caused a scandal. In 1482, he was ousted by a rebellion supported by Aixa and replaced by the son of his first marriage, Boabdil.
He was able to retake the throne in 1483, and reigned a further two years. He died in 1485, and was succeeded by his brother. After the defeat of Granada in 1492, Zoraida and her two sons re-converted to Catholicism. The sons took the names of Juan de Granada and Fernando de Granada.

## Culture

Mulhacén, the highest mountain of the Iberian Peninsula, is named after Abu'l-Hasan Ali.
Abu l-Hasan Ali appears as a character, along with Isabel de Solís, in the novel People of the Book by Geraldine Brooks, and Washington Irving's Tales of the Alhambra.
He is also a subject in one of Naseem Hijazi's novel Shaheen which portrays him as brave and a struggler for justice (mujahid) who is not even ready to pay tribute to Christians which he considers as a form of slavery and his conscience doesn't permit him to do so.
# Bayantsogt

Bayantsogt (Баянцогт), also called Dund-Urt (Дунд-Урт), is a sum of Töv Province in Mongolia.

## Geography

The district has a total area of 1,500 km$^2$.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into three bags, which are:
* Dargiat
* Guna
* Sarlag
# Humorous Phases of Funny Faces

Humorous Phases of Funny Faces is a 1906 short silent animated cartoon directed by James Stuart Blackton and generally regarded by film historians as the first animated film recorded on standard picture film.

## Content

In the cartoon, animated hand-drawn scenes appear on a chalkboard, including a clown playing with a hat and a dog jumping through a hoop. In the beginning, though, the cartoonist's hands are included, too, as he draws the first several lines on the chalkboard in standard live action. From there, the stop-motion technique is used to show what appears to be drawings completing—and then moving—by themselves with no artist on screen.

## Techniques

Stop-motion as well as cutout animation are used, just as Edwin Porter moved his letters in How Jones Lost His Roll, and The Whole Dam Family and the Dam Dog. However, there is a very short section of the film where things are made to appear to move by altering the drawings themselves from frame to frame.
The film moves at 20 frames per second.
# Ines Pianka

Ines Pianka (born (1969-03-15)15 March 1969) is a German former volleyball and beach volleyball player. She was the captain of the German women's national volleyball team at the 1996 Summer Olympics. On club level, she played with VC Schwerte.
In 1991 and 1995, Pianka became the German Volleyball Player of the Year.

## Beach volleyball

In beach volleyball, Pianka competed at the 1999 European Beach Volleyball Championships and 2000 European Beach Volleyball Championships with Stephanie Pohl. At the 2005 Beach Volleyball World Championships, she competed with Jana Vollmer.

## Clubs

* VC Schwerte (1994)
# BSW group (Bundestag)

The BSW group is a group in the 20th German Bundestag. BSW stands for Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht, Sahra Wagenknecht being the party founder and leader. All ten members of the group were previously in the Die Linke fraction, which was dissolved in December 2023. The BSW group was recognized as a group on 2 February 2024.
Following the 2025 German federal election, the BSW would fail to reach 5% and thus lose all seats.

## The BSW group in the 20th German Bundestag

The group currently has ten members, including the former parliamentary group leader of the Left Party in the Bundestag Amira Mohamed Ali, the former party leader of the Left Party Klaus Ernst and the former deputy party leader and penultimate parliamentary group leader of the Left Party Sahra Wagenknecht:
| Member | Committee work |
| Klaus Ernst | Committee on Home Affairs |
| Jessica Tatti | Council of Elders and Committee for Labor and Social Affairs (Deputy Member) |
| Andrej Hunko | Health Committee, EU Affairs Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee (Substitute Member) |
| Amira Mohamed Ali | Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection and Legal Affairs Committee |
| Alexander Ulrich | Committee on Labor and Social Affairs |
| Ali Al-Dailami | Committee on Education, Research and Technology Assessment |
| Christian Leye | Budget Committee |
| Sevim Dağdelen | Foreign Affairs Committee |
| Żaklin Nastić | Defence Committee and Committee on Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth |
| Sahra Wagenknecht | |
With regard to parliamentary work, the BSW group was responsible for no legislative initiatives, no major interpellations, 32 minor interpellations, ten independent motions and three motions for resolutions in the 20th legislative term (as of July 2024).

## Background
### Founding

After a long dispute over direction within the Left Party, Sahra Wagenknecht, together with nine other members of the Bundestag, left the Left Party on October 23, 2023, but remained in the Left faction for the time being. On November 14, 2023, the dissolution of the Left parliamentary group in the Bundestag was decided for December 6, 2023. On December 6, 2023, the parliamentary group was dissolved. On February 2, 2024, the BSW and Left groups were recognized.

### Absence from the speech of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy

The BSW members stayed away from the speech by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in the German Bundestag in June 2024. In a statement by the BSW group, the reason given was that President is currently helping to "promote a highly dangerous spiral of escalation" and is "accepting the risk of a nuclear conflict with devastating consequences for the whole of Europe." Everything must be done to ensure that the conflict does not escalate "into a major European war" and that Germany does not become a party to the war. Zelensky "should not be honoured with a special event in the German Bundestag". Chancellor Olaf Scholz and opposition leader Friedrich Merz sharply criticized the BSW for its absence and viewed it as a lack of respect. Politicians from the Left also criticized the BSW for this.
# Chocolate praline

A praline (/ˈprɑːliːn/ PRAH-leen), also known as Belgian chocolate, Belgian chocolate fondant or chocolate bonbon, is a case of chocolate (if from Belgium usually a quality, branded lower-melting point Belgian chocolate) filled with a soft centre. Jean Neuhaus II, a Belgian chocolatier, is generally credited for their introduction in 1912, although they were probably made since the 19th century.
There have always been many types and shapes: nearly always containing a chocolate shell with a softer filling. Confusion can arise over the use of the word praline in Belgium as it may refer to filled chocolates in general known as pralines and it may also refer to a traditional praline filling common in Europe (caramelised hazelnuts (noisettes) or almonds (amandes) ground into a paste, sometimes with whey powder, condensed milk or cream) described as praliné (/ˌprɑːliːˈneɪ/ PRAH-lee-NAY). Belgian chocolates (pralines) are not limited to the traditional praliné filling and often include nuts, marzipan, salted caramel, coffee, a spirit, cream liqueur, cherry or a chocolate blend that contrasts with the outer shell. They are often sold in stylised boxes in the form of a gift box. The largest manufacturers are Neuhaus, Godiva, Leonidas, and Guylian.
Contrary to truffles, pralines are very often decorated in a sophisticated manner.
# I Don't Like

"I Don't Like" is a song by American rapper Chief Keef featuring fellow American rapper Lil Reese. Produced by Young Chop, it was released on March 6, 2012. The song was later remixed for the G.O.O.D. Music compilation album Cruel Summer.
"I Don't Like" was originally released on Chief Keef's third mixtape Back from the Dead on March 6, 2012. The song became available on iTunes on July 24, 2012 when Back from the Dead was officially released to digital platforms.
The music video was directed by DGainz, and was uploaded on his official YouTube channel on March 11, 2012.
"I Don't Like" entered and peaked at number 73 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Elsewhere in the US, "I Don't Like" peaked at number 20 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 15 on the Rap Songs chart. Complex named the song #7 on their list of the best 50 songs of 2012. In 2019, Pitchfork named "I Don't Like" the 13th best song of the 2010s.

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 73 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 20 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 15 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2012) | Position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 96 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## GOOD Music remix

A remix featuring Pusha T, Kanye West, Big Sean, and Jadakiss was released on the G.O.O.D. Music compilation album Cruel Summer as "Don't Like.1". Chief Keef was under house arrest when the remix was recorded.
Young Chop, the song's original producer, threatened to sue Kanye West over the remix. The matter was resolved in the same year, although West's artist, Pusha T, would diss Young Chop on a separate record.

### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# List of plagiarized books

The following is a list of books accused of plagiarism, or proven to have been plagiarized. Plagiarism is an act in which a party steals intellectual property from another party, claiming it as their own. This list is not exhaustive and may not reflect recent publications, including self-published and non-notable books.

## Books accused of plagiarism

* The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1888) by Richard Francis Burton: accused of plagiarism by various critics and academics, including Thomas Wright.
* The Fixer (1966) by Bernard Malamud: Descendants of Mendel Beilis have long argued that in writing The Fixer, Malamud plagiarized from the 1926 English edition of Beilis's memoir, The Story of My Sufferings. One of Beilis's sons made such claims in correspondence to Malamud when The Fixer was first published. A 2011 edition of Beilis's memoir, co-edited by one of his grandsons, claims to identify 35 instances of plagiarism by Malamud.
* The Jungle Book (1894) by Rudyard Kipling: In a letter written and signed by Kipling in or around 1895, states Alison Flood in The Guardian, Kipling confesses to borrowing ideas and stories in the Jungle Book: "I am afraid that all that code in its outlines has been manufactured to meet 'the necessities of the case': though a little of it is bodily taken from (Southern) Esquimaux rules for the division of spoils," Kipling wrote in the letter. "In fact, it is extremely possible that I have helped myself promiscuously but at present cannot remember from whose stories I have stolen."

## Books that have been plagiarized

* Sloppy Firsts and Second Helpings, two books by Megan McCafferty, reportedly plagiarized by Harvard student and genre fiction prodigy Kaavya Viswanathan in her own novel How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild and Got A Life. This was extensively covered by the media, with McCafferty comparing sentences in her own two books verbatim to the plagiarizing novel of Viswanathan's. Viswanathan admitted to the phenomenon of "unconscious plagiarism" in her book (this has never been proven to exist).
# Arthur Lynden-Bell

Major General Sir Arthur Lynden Lynden-Bell, KCB KCMG DL JP (2 January 1867 – 14 February 1943) was a British Army officer.

## Early life

Lynden-Bell was the son of Major-General Thomas Lynden Lynden-Bell and younger brother of Colonel Charles Perceval Lynden-Bell. He was educated at Clifton College."Clifton College Register" Muirhead, J.A.O. p88: Bristol; J.W Arrowsmith for Old Cliftonian Society; April, 1948

## Military career

He attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and commissioned as a Lieutenant into the Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) in May 1885. After promotion to captain on 31 January 1894, he served the following year on the North West Frontier of British India and attended the Staff College, Camberley in 1898. A year later, he saw active service in the Second Boer War, commanding a mounted infantry contingent of the Buffs. He was wounded, and returned home on the SS Greek in March 1900.
In May 1900, he became a Staff Captain for intelligence in the War Office, and the following year he was made Deputy-Assistant Quartermaster-General for intelligence at the War Office on 20 July 1901. He was promoted to major on 3 May 1902, and appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1905. In 1907, Lynden-Bell became a general staff officer, grade 2 of Southern Command. In July 1908 he was appointed as a lieutenant colonel.
He relinquished this assignment in April 1911 and was then placed on half-pay. This lasted until October when, reverting to normal pay, he became a general staff officer, grade 2 of the Lowland Division (later the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division). He was promoted to colonel while serving in this position, dated to March 1912.
At the start of the World War I Lynden-Bell was Assistant Quartermaster-General of the British Expeditionary Force. In 1915 he served as Chief of General Staff of the Mediterranean and Egypt Expeditionary Force, and saw service in the Gallipoli Campaign, being Mentioned in Dispatches. In 1916-1917 he was the Chief-of-Staff of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force under General Sir Archibald Murray, but was removed from the post and returned home in mid-1917 soon after the arrival of Edmund Allenby in Cairo to replace Murray.
Lynden-Bell was appointed a Commander of the Legion of Honour in 1917. In 1918 he was Director of Staff Duties at the War Office.
He retired from the regular army in 1924, and in 1928 became Colonel of the Buffs, serving in the position until 1 January 1937.

## Later years

In retirement, he served as a Deputy Lieutenant and as a Justice of the Peace and was a "very keen supporter" of Kent County Cricket Club, always attending Canterbury Cricket Week in the Buff's tent at the St Lawrence Ground.

## Death

Lynden-Bell died at Platt near Sevenoaks in Kent in 1943, aged 76.

## Personal life

He married the Hon. Bertha Marion Akers-Douglas, daughter of Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston and Adeline Mary Austen-Smith, on 2 June 1905.

## Cultural references

He appears in the war memoir Seven Pillars of Wisdom by T. E. Lawrence.
# Jelle van der Heyden

Jelle van der Heyden (born 31 August 1995) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Veikkausliiga club IFK Mariehamn.

## Career

Vendsyssel FF On the transfer deadline day, 2 September 2019, van der Heyden joined Danish Superliga club Vendsyssel FF after a trial. Van der Heyden left the club at the end of the 2022-23 season.
IFK Mariehamn On 18 July 2023, van der Heyden signed a contract with Finnish club IFK Mariehamn, for the rest of 2023 season.
B36 Tórshavn On 22 January 2024, van der Heyden signed with Faroese club B36 Tórshavn.

## Career statistics

    As of 23 October 2024.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Jong Twente | 2014–15 | Eerste Divisie | 31 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 31 | 0 |
| Jong Twente | 2016–17 | Tweede Divisie | 8 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 8 | 0 |
| Jong Twente | 2017–18 | Derde Divisie | 5 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Jong Twente | Total | Total | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 0 |
| Twente | 2014–15 | Eredivisie | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Twente | 2015–16 | Eredivisie | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Twente | 2016–17 | Eredivisie | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 11 | 0 |
| Twente | 2017–18 | Eredivisie | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 13 | 0 |
| Twente | 2018–19 | Eerste Divisie | 19 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 21 | 1 |
| Twente | Total | Total | 53 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 1 |
| Vendsyssel | 2019–20 | Danish 1st Division | 19 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 21 | 0 |
| Vendsyssel | 2020–21 | Danish 1st Division | 28 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 30 | 0 |
| Vendsyssel | 2021–22 | Danish 1st Division | 31 | 0 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 33 | 1 |
| Vendsyssel | 2022–23 | Danish 1st Division | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 11 | 0 |
| Vendsyssel | Total | Total | 87 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 1 |
| IFK Mariehamn | 2023 | Veikkausliiga | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 2 |
| B36 Tórshavn | 2024 | Faroe Islands Premier League | 22 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 28 | 1 |
| IFK Mariehamn | 2025 | Veikkausliiga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 220 | 4 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 240 | 5 |
* ↑ Includes KNVB Cup, Danish Cup, Suomen Cup and Faroe Islands Cup
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Conference League