OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ontwa Township, Michigan

Ontwa Township is a civil township of Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,904 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Ontwa Township is located along the southern border of Cass County, which is also the Michigan–Indiana line. The village of Edwardsburg is in the northwest part of the township. The unincorporated community of Granger, Indiana, borders the township to the southwest.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 21.0 square miles (54.4 km$^2$), of which 19.4 square miles (50.3 km$^2$) is land and 1.6 square miles (4.1 km$^2$), or 7.52%, is water. Several named lakes are in the township, the largest of which are Eagle Lake and Christiana Lake in the northeast. The unincorporated community of Adamsville is near the eastern edge of the township, along Christiana Creek, a south-flowing tributary of the St. Joseph River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,865 people, 2,392 households, and 1,683 families residing in the township. The population density was 300.4 inhabitants per square mile (116.0/km$^2$). There were 2,653 housing units at an average density of 135.9 per square mile (52.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.78% White, 0.31% African American, 0.84% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.
There were 2,392 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $43,488, and the median income for a family was $50,364. Males had a median income of $36,601 versus $28,265 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,691. About 4.5% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Choate House (Massachusetts)

Choate House is a historic house on Choate Island in the Crane Wildlife Refuge, Essex, Massachusetts, owned and administered by the nonprofit Trustees of Reservations.
Choate House was built around 1730, was the birthplace of lawyer and public citizen Rufus Choate (1799–1859), and has remained virtually unchanged for over two centuries. It stands on Hog Island, also called Choate Island, and is accessible only by boat.
# Creeping spikerush

Creeping spikerush is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Eleocharis fallax [Wikidata]
* Eleocharis palustris
# Dick Hartley

Hugh Vinson "Dick" Hartley (December 13, 1900 – August 4, 1978) was an American college football player and business executive.

## Biography

Hartley was born in Fort Valley, Georgia, in 1900. He prepped at Georgia Military Academy, graduating in 1919. He then starred as a halfback for the Georgia Bulldogs in 1920 and 1921. As a member of the "ten second backfield" in 1920, Hartley ran for 170 yards and two touchdowns in a minute and twenty seconds against South Carolina. That season, he scored a total of 11 touchdowns, including eight on runs of more than 35 yards.$^{:259}$ In 1921, he scored on Harvard, and he fumbled twice against Dartmouth. Hartley was also a standout member of Georgia's track team,$^{:275}$ and was a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity.$^{:160}$
As of October 1922, Hartley was coaching high school football in Emanuel County, Georgia. In August 1923, Hartley was reportedly set to enter the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. He joined Thomas Cook & Son in 1924, and was made a director of the company in 1964. During World War II, he was a major in the United States Army Air Forces, serving from September 1942 to January 1946.
Hartley died in Petaluma, California, in 1978. He was survived by his wife, two daughters, and one son.
# Yoshiko Yamamoto

Yoshiko Yamamoto (Japanese: 山本佳子, born 6 March 1970) is a Japanese former marathon runner who won the 1990 Paris Marathon, came second at the 1992 Boston Marathon, and third at the 1992 New York City Marathon.

## Career

In 1989, Yamamoto came ninth at the Osaka International Ladies Marathon. In 1990, Yamamoto won the Paris Marathon. At the 1992 Boston Marathon, Yamamoto finished second in a time of 2:26:26. She was over 2 minutes, and over 0.5 miles (0.80 km) behind race winner Olga Markova. Her second place was the best result by a Japanese woman at the Boston Marathon, and her time of 2:26:26 tied the Japanese national marathon record. Yamamoto was not selected for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Later in the year, Yamamoto came third at the 1992 New York City Marathon in a time of 2:29:58.
Yamamoto came third at the 1993 Osaka International Ladies Marathon, and finished sixth at the 1995 Boston Marathon, in a time of 2:31:39.
# Ronnie Vint

Ronnie Christopher Vint (born 17 July 1996) is an English television personality and semi-professional footballer, currently plays as a centre-back for Ashford United, having previously appeared for clubs including Dartford and Dulwich Hamlet. He is known for appearing as a contestant on the eleventh series of the ITV2 dating show Love Island in 2024, as well as appearing on the second series of Love Island: All Stars in 2025.

## Life and career
### Early life and football career

Ronnie Christopher Vint was born on 17 July 1996 in Greenwich, London. He began his youth career in football playing for Dartford as a centre-back, and has subsequently gone on to play for the club in his senior career. He later went on to play for Dulwich Hamlet and Lewes. In 2024, he joined Margate and Ashford United.

### Television

In June 2024, he entered the Love Island villa to appear as one of the original contestants on the show's eleventh series. During his time in the villa, he was coupled up with Jess White and Tiffany Leighton respectively, before ultimately coupling up with Harriett Blackmore. Vint and Blackmore were dumped from the villa on Day 26 of the series, after receiving the fewest votes to save from the public. In January 2025, it was announced that Vint would return to Love Island to appear as a contestant on the second series of Love Island: All Stars.

## Filmography

As himself :
| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2024 | Love Island | Contestant; series 11 |
| 2024 | Love Island: Aftersun | Guest |
| 2025 | Love Island: All Stars | Contestant; series 2 |
# Polish chicken

The Polish or Poland is a European breed of crested chicken. Its origins are unknown; similar birds are shown in seventeenth-century images from Italy and the Netherlands.
The birds have a small v-shaped comb and an abundant crest of feathers on the crown of the head. They are kept for show or for ornament. There are bearded, non-bearded and frizzle varieties.

## Etymology

The origins of the breed's name in the English language are uncertain. The breed could have been named after the country of Poland. Its name could have also come from the Middle Dutch word pol 'head' (compare origin of poll tax), in reference to the Polish's dome-shaped skull.
In some European countries the breed is known as "Dutch crest fowl" in the respective languages. In Poland it's known as Polish crest fowl (Czubatka Polska) The old type of the breed, less numerous, was still cultivated in Poland, where it's now known as Old-Polish crest fowl (Czubatka staropolska)

## History

Though the derivation of the Polish breed is unclear, one theory suggests that their ancestors were brought by Asian Mongols to Central and Eastern Europe during medieval times, and thus, could have originated in Poland. Crested chickens aree seen in paintings from the 15th century, and in Dutch and Italian paintings from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.
Though usually only a fair layer at best today, in France they were formerly kept for their eggs. Three colour varieties were included in the first edition of the Standard of Perfection in 1874; additional varieties were added in 1883, 1938 and 1963.

## Characteristics

The Polish has a small v-shaped comb, which may be hidden by the crest. The earlobes and wattles are small and may also be completely hidden. Some varieties possess "beards" and thus may also hide the appearance of the wattles. The earlobes are white, the comb and wattles bright red.
# Zoorama

Zoorama is an American television show that focused on wildlife and nature. The program was filmed at the San Diego Zoo and was produced between 1955 and 1970.
Zoorama was originally created for the local television market in San Diego, California, and it was picked up for national broadcast on CBS before being sold as a syndicated series. For most of its run, the series was hosted by San Diego television reporter Bob Dale.
# Mikkelin Kampparit

Mikkelin Kampparit is a bandy club in Mikkeli, Finland. The team colours are black and white. The club was founded in 1972, the same year as when Finland's Bandy Association separated from the Finnish Football Association.
In 2012 and 2015, the club became Finnish bandy champion.
# Trace metal

Trace metals are the metals subset of trace elements; that is, metals normally present in small but measurable amounts in animal and plant cells and tissues. Some of these trace metals are a necessary part of nutrition and physiology. Some biometals are trace metals. Ingestion of, or exposure to, excessive quantities can be toxic. However, insufficient plasma or tissue levels of certain trace metals can cause pathology, as is the case with iron.
Trace metals within the human body include iron, lithium, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese and others.
Some of the trace metals are needed by living organisms to function properly and are depleted through the expenditure of energy by various metabolic processes of living organisms. They are replenished in animals through diet as well as environmental exposure, and in plants through the uptake of nutrients from the soil in which the plant grows. Human vitamin pills and plant fertilizers can be a source of trace metals.
Trace metals are sometimes referred to as trace elements, although the latter includes minerals and is a broader category. See also Dietary mineral. Trace elements are required by the body for specific functions. Things such as vitamins, sports drinks, fresh fruits and vegetables are sources. Taken in excessive amounts, trace elements can cause problems. For example, fluorine is required for the formation of bones and enamel on teeth. However, when taken in an excessive amount can cause a disease called "Fluorosis', in which bone deformations and yellowing of teeth are seen. Fluorine can occur naturally in some areas in ground water.

## Iron
### Humans

Roughly 5 grams of iron are present in the human body and is the most abundant trace metal. It is absorbed in the intestine as heme or non-heme iron depending on the food source. Heme iron is derived from the digestion of hemoproteins in meat. Non-heme iron is mainly derived from plants and exist as iron(II) or iron(III) ions.
Iron is essential for more than 500 hemeproteins, the likes of which include hemoglobin and myoglobin, and account for 80% of iron usage. The other 20% is present in ferritin, hemosiderin, iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins, such as ferrochelatase, and more.

## Zinc
### Humans

A relatively non-toxic metal to humans and the second most abundant, the body has 2-3 grams of zinc. It can enter the body through inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion, with the latter of the bunch being the most common. The mucosal cells of the digestive tract contain metallothionein proteins that store the zinc ions.
Nearly 90% of zinc is found in the bones, muscles, and vesicles in the brain. Zinc is a cofactor in hundreds of enzyme reactions and a major component of zinc finger proteins.

## Copper
### Humans

The third most abundant trace metal in the human body.
It is found in cytochrome c oxidase, a protein necessary for the electron transport chain in mitochondria.
# Wilhelm Launhardt

Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Launhardt (7 April 1832 – 14 May 1918) was a German mathematician and economist.
Launhardt was born in Hannover, the capital of the Kingdom of Hannover. He studied and taught at Hannover's technical school. Following Hannover's annexation by the Kingdom of Prussia, Launhardt served in the Prussian House of Lords.
In 1885 he succeeded in calculating the optimal rate of duties in the sense of the effects of the terms of trade.

## Works

* Wilhelm Launhardt, A. Bewley (1900). The Theory of the Trace. Lawrence Asylum Press. The Theory of the Trace: Being a discussion of the principles of location,..., 1872
* "Die Bestimmung des Zweckmässigsten Standortes einer Gewerblichen Anlage", Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, 1882. Translated as "Determining the most convenient location for a commercial plant", the magazine of the Association of German Engineers.
* Mathematische Begründung der Volkswirtschaftslehre, 1885. Translated as "Mathematical foundation of economics".
* Theory of Network Planning, 1888.
* Launhardt, Wilhelm (1885). Mathematische Begründung der Volkswirtschaftslehre (in German). Leipzig: Engelmann, Wilhelm. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
# Paul F. Clark

Paul Fenimore Clark (July 14, 1861 – June 2, 1932) was an American politician who was the 18th Speaker of the Nebraska House of Representatives from 1899 to 1901.

## Biography

Clark was born in Green Lake, Wisconsin, on July 14, 1861, the son of John Averill Clark and Laura Cornelia Pomeroy Clark. His distant relatives included William Cooper, James Fenimore Cooper and Paul Fenimore Cooper. He spent his childhood on a farm in St. Edward, Nebraska and attended the University of Nebraska. He was a member of the Masons.
After he retired around 1912, he and his wife May (née Roberts) moved to California. Clark died on June 2, 1932, in Willow Glen, San Jose, California.

## Career

Clark was a member of the Nebraska House of Representatives, elected in 1896 and reelected in 1898. He was chosen Speaker for the 1899 session. He was an unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Representative from Nebraska in 1912 as a fusion candidate of the Republican and Bull Moose parties.
# Cold Meat Industry

Cold Meat Industry was a Swedish independent record label established in 1987 by Roger Karmanik, which specialized in niche music genres such as dark ambient, death industrial, and neoclassical dark wave.

## History

From its inception, Cold Meat Industry gained a reputation for introducing artists that were unique and musically innovative. The label also became known for its contributions to the Gothic and industrial scenes.
The term "Cold Meat Industry" eventually became a musical genre of sorts, referring mostly to avant-garde artists who were influenced by industrial and dark ambient music.
In 2013 the label seemed to have stopped all activities. A notification posted in 2014 on the official Cold Meat Industry Facebook page claimed the official end of the label.

### Sound Source

Sound Source was a short-lived (1991–1992) side-label of CMI. It was specialized in releasing limited tape editions of many CMI artists' debuts, such as Archon Satani, Brighter Death Now, Megaptera, Deutsch Nepal, raison d'être and others.

## Legacy

As of 2009, the core of the label's activity appeared to be presented by traditional CMI bands such as Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio and In Slaughter Natives, whose members collaborated closely with CMI's boss Roger Karmanik.
In January 2023, a documentary film project centered on Cold Meat Industry, directed by Claudio Marino and produced by Artax Film, was successfully funded on crowdfunding platform Indiegogo.

## Notable artists

* Aghast
* Anenzephalia
* Arcana
* Ataraxia
* Atomine Elektrine
* Atrium Carceri
* Blood Axis
* Brighter Death Now
* Coph Nia
* Desiderii Marginis
* Deutsch Nepal
* Folkstorm
* In Blind Embrace
* In Slaughter Natives
* Karjalan Sissit
* Knifeladder
* Morthound
* Mortiis
* Mz.412
* Ordo Rosarius Equilibrio
* Pimentola
* Proscriptor
* Puissance
* Raison d'être
* Rome
* Sanctum
* Spiritual Front
* Valefor
* XXX Atomic Toejam
# Vaetha nask

The Vaetha nask is the name of a short Avestan text, which is extant in the Fragments collection. Despite its name, the Vaetha nask was not part of the 21 nasks of the Sasanian Avesta and its origins remain unclear.

## Name

The Vaetha nask is not referenced in other Avestan literature. Its name is instead derived from the first words in the text reading: vaeθā daēniiå māzdaiiasnōiš ahurahē mazda mraōt̰, which translates to "the knowledge of the Mazdayasnian religion, Ahura Mazdā said." The Avestan term is commonly transliterated into Latin script phonetically as either vaēθā and vaēϑā.

## Content

The text of the Vaetha nask covers various topics. A major focus is the marital relationship between Zoroastrians and non-Zoroastrians, children born from such a union, their inheritance and conversions to Zoroastrianism. It has been speculated that this topic reflects the situation when Zoroastrianism existed as a minority religion and the problems arising from that situation. Large parts of the text are quotations from the Vendidad, whereas other parts mirror passages in the Frahang-i Oim-evak

## Provenance

According to the text itself, the Vaetha nask was one of the fragrads of the Nikatum nask, which in turn was one of the 21 nasks of the Sasanian Avesta. This origin was accepted initially by Western scholars. Due to the corrupt Avestan and Middle Persian of the text, however, this provenance was soon doubted. According to F. M. Kotwal for example, the text is a 19th century forgery. In their 1969 edition of the text, Humbach and Kaikhusroo, however, assumed it to be an apocryphical text, which predates the 18th century. More recently, Hamid Moein has also affirmed its apocryphical nature.

## Manuscripts

The Vaetha nask is extant through two different manuscript traditions: one with the Avestan text alone and one with a translation and commentary in Middle Persian. A complete list of all available manuscripts was presented by Humbach and Kaikhusroo in their 1969 edition of the text. Digital versions of manuscripts F3d and T38 are available through the Avestan Digital Archive.
# Kimberly, Oregon

Kimberly is an unincorporated community in Grant County, Oregon, United States. It is located at the intersection of Oregon Route 19 and Oregon Route 402 and the confluence of the John Day and the North Fork John Day rivers.
Kimberly was named after the prominent local Kimberly family. Orin Kimberly established the first commercial orchard in the area in the 1930s.
The James Cant Ranch Museum and the Thomas Condon Visitor Center of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument are located south of Kimberly on Route 19.

## Climate

This region experiences moderately warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kimberly has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
# Delta1 Tauri

Delta$^1$ Tauri (δ$^1$ Tauri, abbreviated Delta$^1$ Tau, δ$^1$ Tau) is a double star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 20.96 mas as seen from Earth, it is located roughly 156 light-years distant from the Sun. The system is faintly visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +3.772. It is considered a member of the Hyades cluster.
The two constituents are designated δ$^1$ Tauri A and B. A is itself a binary star with components designated δ$^1$ Tauri Aa (officially named Secunda Hyadum /sɪˈkʌndə ˈhaɪədəm/, the traditional name for the entire system) and Ab.

## Nomenclature

δ$^1$ Tauri (Latinised to Delta$^1$ Tauri) is the system's Bayer designation. The designations of the two constituents as Delta$^1$ Tauri A and B, and those of A's components - Delta$^1$ Tauri Aa and Ab - derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).
The system bore the traditional name Hyadum II, which is Latin for "Second of the Hyades". In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems. It approved the name Secunda Hyadum for the component Delta$^1$ Tauri Aa on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.
In Chinese, 畢宿 (Bì Xiù), meaning Net, refers to an asterism consisting of δ$^1$ Tauri, Epsilon Tauri, Delta³ Tauri, Gamma Tauri, Alpha Tauri (Aldebaran), 71 Tauri and Lambda Tauri. Consequently, the Chinese name for Delta$^1$ Tauri itself is 畢宿三 (Bì Xiù sān), "the Third Star of Net".

## Properties

Delta$^1$ Tauri A is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 529.8 days and an eccentricity of 0.42. The visible member, component Aa, is an evolved G- or K-type giant star with a stellar classification of G9.5 III CN0.5. The 'CN0.5' suffix indicates a mild overabundance of cyanogen in the outer atmosphere. It is chromospherically active and shows a radial velocity variation of 9.3±0.2 m/s with a period of 165±3 d. The primary, component Aa, has 2.75 times the mass of the Sun, while the secondary, component Ab, has 1.3 times the Sun's mass. The primary star, at an age of 588 million years, is just evolving away from the horizontal branch on to the asymptotic giant branch after exhausting its core helium.
Delta$^1$ Tauri B is a magnitude 13.21 visual companion separated by 111.8 arcseconds from A. It is most likely not physically related to the main star.