OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Garry Tallent

Garry Wayne Tallent (born October 27, 1949), sometimes billed as Garry W. Tallent, is an American musician and record producer, best known for being the bass player and a founding member of the E Street Band, Bruce Springsteen's primary backing band since 1972. As of 2025, Tallent is the only remaining original member of the E Street Band besides Springsteen.
He was inducted in 2014 as a member of the E Street Band into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

## Biography

Tallent grew up in Neptune City around the Jersey Shore, and first took up first the tuba and then the bass. He attended Neptune High School, together with future bandmates Southside Johnny and Vini Lopez.
Tallent was influenced by James Jamerson, Donald "Duck" Dunn, and Paul McCartney. He started playing with Springsteen in 1971 in two earlier bands and then was an original member of the E Street Band, which formed in 1972. His bass plays a key role in Springsteen's music (both live and in-studio). Notable Tallent bass parts can be heard on "Fire", "Prove It All Night", "Kitty's Back", and "Incident on 57th Street". During the E Street Band's early years, he occasionally played the tuba in concert and on record (most notably in "Wild Billy's Circus Story").
In addition to his work with Springsteen, Tallent has recorded with numerous other artists. In 1987, he produced the song "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" for Marshall Crenshaw on La Bamba soundtrack. During the E Street Band's hiatus in the 1990s, Tallent moved to Nashville, having an affinity for country and western and rockabilly music. (By that point, Tallent had already long been referred to by the nickname "The Tennessee Terror", a name given to him after once driving through Tennessee briefly on a roadtrip). There, he opened the MoonDog recording studio and helped start the D'Ville Record Group label. Tallent has produced such artists as Jim Lauderdale, Kevin Gordon, and Steve Forbert.
On December 12, 2020, Springsteen and the E Street Band performed on Saturday Night Live. However, Tallent opted out of the performance due to COVID-19 travel concerns. This marked the first time that Tallent had missed a show with the E Street Band. Jack Daley of Little Steven & the Disciples of Soul filled in for him.
# Miller v. Johnson

Miller v. Johnson, 515 U.S. 900 (1995), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning "affirmative gerrymandering/racial gerrymandering", where racial minority-majority electoral districts are created during redistricting to increase minority Congressional representation.

## Background

Only one of Georgia's ten congressional districts was primarily African American between 1980 and 1990. According to the 1990 census, Georgia's increase in population entitled the state to an eleventh congressional seat. That prompted Georgia's General Assembly to re-draw the state's congressional districts. After the Justice Department denied several of the Assembly's proposed new districts, as the state's population was 27% African-American, but formed a majority in only one of the now 11 districts, the Assembly drew the 11th district to create a second majority-black district. However the district lacked any sort of organic structure, and was deemed a "geographic monstrosity" because it extended approximately 260 square miles from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean. The case was brought to court by white voters in the Eleventh Congressional District of the state of Georgia.

## Question before the Supreme Court

Is racial gerrymandering of the congressional redistricting process a violation of the Equal Protection Clause?

## Decision of the Court

Justice Kennedy wrote the majority opinion for the Court. Ruling against the district, the Court declared the district unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, according to the interpretation in Shaw v. Reno (1993). The court noted that in some instances, "a reapportionment plan may be so highly irregular and bizarre in shape that it rationally cannot be understood as anything other than an effort to segregate voters based on race." Citing Shaw v. Reno, the majority concluded that strict scrutiny is required whenever race is the "overriding, predominant force" in the redistricting process. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote a concurrence, while Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote a dissent joined by Justices John Paul Stevens, Stephen G. Breyer, and David H. Souter. Stevens wrote an additional, separate dissent joined by no other justice.
# Ryder v. United States

Ryder v. United States, 515 U.S. 177 (1995), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court concerning the Appointments Clause.
# Stinson v. United States

Stinson v. United States, 508 U.S. 36 (1993), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court that held Sentencing Commission guidelines may be cited as binding authority when courts issue sentences for criminal defendants.

## Background

The case was argued at the Supreme Court March 24, 1993 by William Mallory Kent on behalf of Stinson and Paul J. Larkin for the Solicitor General of the United States. With Mr. Larkin on the Solicitor General's brief were also Acting Solicitor General Bryson, Acting Assistant Attorney General John Keeney, and John F. DePue. Robert Augustus Harper filed a brief on behalf of the Florida Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers as amicus curiae.

## Opinion of the Court

In Justice Anthony Kennedy's unanimous majority opinion, the Court ruled that commentary issued by the United States Sentencing Commission (which promulgates the United States Sentencing Guidelines) that interprets or explains a guideline is authoritative unless it violates the Constitution or a federal statute, or is inconsistent with, or a plainly erroneous reading of, that guideline.

## Subsequent impact

The Stinson decision has had broad influence having been cited in over 1,000 other federal appellate decisions, including both Blakely v. Washington (2004) and United States v. Booker (2005) the cases which rewrote federal guideline sentencing law. The Stinson decision has additionally been cited in over 3,700 appellate briefs and over 250 law reviews.
# Teague v. Lane

Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288 (1989), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of newly announced rules of law in habeas corpus proceedings. This case addresses the Federal Court's threshold standard of deciding whether Constitutional claims will be heard. Application of the "Teague test" at the most basic level limits habeas corpus.

## Background

The appeal was from a black defendant who was convicted by an all white jury in Illinois in a state court located in Cook County. The prosecutor had used all 10 of his peremptory challenges to exclude African American jurors but claimed he was trying to get a balance of men and women on the jury.

## Opinion of the Court

The majority held that the actions of the prosecutor did not follow contemporary criminal procedure but that the Batson challenge principle should not be applied retroactively.
# United States v. Salerno

United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court decision that determined that the Bail Reform Act of 1984 was constitutional, which permitted the federal courts to detain an arrestee prior to trial if the government could prove that the individual was potentially a danger to society. The Act was held to violate neither the United States Constitution's Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment nor its Excessive Bail Clause of the Eighth Amendment.

## Background

The case was brought up when the American Mafia member Anthony Salerno was arrested and indicted for violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.

## Decision

Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote the opinion for the majority. Justice Marshall and Justice Stevens each wrote dissenting opinions.
Salerno is famous for expounding the "no set of circumstances" test. Challengers who bring a facial challenge to a statute claim the statute is "void on its face" and so should be declared unconstitutional. That is an extremely high burden, as the challenger must show that no set of circumstances exists under which the statute would be valid.
The Court, however, recognized the well-established overbreadth doctrine, which provides a different standard for facial challenges of laws that are alleged to violate the First Amendment.

## Aftermath

In October 1988, Salerno was convicted and sentenced to 70 years in prison, including a $376,000 fine, and ordered to forfeit half of the racketeering proceeds (estimated to be $30 million).
# United States v. Winstar Corp.

United States v. Winstar Corp., 518 U.S. 839 (1996), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that the United States Government had breached its contractual obligations. The court in Winstar rejected the Government's "unmistakability defense"—that surrenders of sovereign authority, such as the promise to refrain from regulatory changes, must appear in unmistakable terms in a contract in order to be enforceable.
Winstar arose as a consequence of the savings and loan crisis. Federal regulators had allowed "supervisory goodwill" to be counted as regulatory capital for financial institutions that took over failing thrifts. Congress later passed the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, which substantially changed these advantages and one of the successor banks successfully sued. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit found a breach of contract and awarded damages—the Supreme Court upheld the lower court decision. "Winstar" cases resulted in multimillion-dollar payouts to plaintiffs. As of July 31, 2000, there were 13 settlements or judgments totaling $1.158 billion against the federal government, with more than 100 more cases pending, as a result of the Winstar decision.
Winstar Corporation and its subsidiary United Federal Savings Bank was successfully represented by Charles J. Cooper. The board of United Federal Savings Bank consisted of chairman E. Ted Yoch, and directors Kenneth Bureau, Howard Rekstad, Gary Nordness, and William Bartolic. The decision makes clear that the Stipulation and Consent to Issuance of Order of Prohibition against United's board was improperly required by the Government.
# Virginia v. Maryland

Virginia v. Maryland, 540 U.S. 56 (2003), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States settled a dispute between the Commonwealth of Virginia and the State of Maryland regarding Virginia's riparian rights to the Potomac River. The Supreme Court held in a 7–2 decision that Maryland has no legal authority to regulate or prohibit Virginia, its political subdivisions, or its citizens from building or improving structures in the river or from drawing water from the river. The decision drew heavily on the Maryland–Virginia Compact of 1785, an agreement between the two states concerning navigational and riparian water rights along the Potomac River.
# Wyatt v. Cole

Wyatt v. Cole, 504 U.S. 158 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that private citizens are not entitled to qualified immunity from Section 1983 suits over misusing an unconstitutional public process merely because they presumed the process was constitutional.
# Yasukaze Motomiya

Yasukaze Motomiya (本宮 泰風, Motomiya Yasukaze, born 7 February 1972, in Adachi, Tokyo) is a Japanese actor. His real name is Yasuyuki Hirai (平井 康之, Hirai Yasu'yuki). He is represented by Triple A.

## Biography

Motomiya's elder brother is Ryuji Harada, also an actor. His wife is tarento Akiko Matsumoto.
Motomiya was scouted after his older brother entered the entertainment industry and debuted in 1994 Spur wa Yukue Fumei (Nippon TV). Contrary to Harada's brother, Harada who often plays a good role, he often plays a villain, a suspicious person, or a role to be killed.
Motomiya's son is a big fan of Heisei Kamen Rider series and his was playing with his son and a rider (a monster), so he volunteered for "my son will be delighted" and appeared in Kamen Rider Blade. By the way, when he was appearing on this programme, he said that he did harassment, such as hiding shoes against the cast of the role of the rider, and made a role by doing "hatred efforts".
Motomiya's special skills are kendo, MMA fighting, boxing, and baseball.

## Filmography
### TV dramas

| Run | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014 | S: The Last Policeman | Ichiro Yamanaka | |
| 2017 | The Supporting Actors | Himself | Episode 7 |
| 2020 | Awaiting Kirin | Bandit leader | Taiga drama |
| 2025 | Unbound | Wakagiya Yohachi | Taiga drama |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | Sun Scarred | Makoto Nitta | |
| 2021 | The Supporting Actors: The Movie | Himself | |
| 2021 | Baby Assassins | | |
| 2022 | Kyoto Camaro Detective | | |
| 2022 | The Y-Team | Renji Himuro | also producer |
| 2022 | The Mukoda Barber Shop | Kazeyasu Miyamoto | |
| 2022 | Break in the Clouds | | |
| 2023 | Bad City | Park | |
| 2023 | Daisuke Jigen | | |
| 2023 | The Quiet Yakuza Part 1 | Kōshirō Inokubi | |
| 2023 | The Quiet Yakuza Part 2 | Kōshirō Inokubi | |
| 2024 | Samurai Detective Onihei: Blood for Blood | Chūsuke | |
| 2024 | Renji Himuro | Renji Himuro | Lead role |
| 2024 | The Quiet Yakuza 2: Part 1 | Kōshirō Inokubi | |
| 2024 | The Quiet Yakuza 2: Part 2 | Kōshirō Inokubi | |

### Direct-to-video

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2013–present | Nihon Tōitsu series | Renji Himuro | Lead role | |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2023 | Like a Dragon Gaiden | Kosei Shishido | | |
# List of birds by flight speed

This is a list of the fastest flying birds in the world. A bird's velocity is necessarily variable; a hunting bird will reach much greater speeds while diving to catch prey than when flying horizontally. The bird that can achieve the greatest airspeed is the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), able to exceed 320 km/h (200 mph) in its dives. A close relative of the common swift, the white-throated needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus), is commonly reported as the fastest bird in level flight with a reported top speed of 169 km/h (105 mph). This record remains unconfirmed as the measurement methods have never been published or verified. The record for the fastest confirmed level flight by a bird is 111.5 km/h (69.3 mph) held by the common swift.

## Birds by flying speed

| Common name | Species | Family | Average horizontal speed | Maximum horizontal speed | Maximum airspeed | Remark |
| Peregrine falcon | Falco peregrinus | Falconidae | 65–90 km/h 40–56 mph | 110 km/h 68 mph | 389 km/h 242 mph | High-speed dive—pointed long wings |
| Saker falcon | Falco cherrug | Falconidae | | 150 km/h 93 mph | 320 km/h 200 mph | High-speed dive—pointed long wings |
| Golden eagle | Aquila chrysaetos | Accipitridae | 45–51 km/h 28–32 mph | 129 km/h 80 mph | 322 km/h 200 mph | |
| Grey-headed albatross | Thalassarche Chrysostoma | Diomedeidae | | 127 km/h 79 mph | | 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) wingspan allows for high power use from wind. |
| Gyrfalcon | Falco rusticolus | Falconidae | 80–100 km/h 50–62 mph | 145 km/h 90 mph | 187–209 km/h 116–130 mph | High-speed dive—pointed long wings |
| White-throated needletail | Hirundapus caudacutus | Apodidae | | 169 km/h 105 mph | 169 km/h 105 mph | High-speed wings |
| Common swift | Apus apus | Apodidae | | 111.6 km/h 69.3 mph | 166 km/h 103 mph | High-speed wings |
| Eurasian hobby | Falco subbuteo | Falconidae | | | 159 km/h 99 mph | Can sometimes outfly the swift as it eats them and catches them on the wing. |
| Frigatebird | Fregata | Fregatidae | | | 153 km/h 95 mph | Slow gliding/soaring high aspect ratio |
| Spur-winged goose | Plectropterus gambensis | Anatidae | | | 143 km/h 89 mph | High-speed wings |
| Red-breasted merganser | Mergus serrator | Anatidae | | | 130 km/h 81 mph | High–aspect ratio wings |
| Canvasback | Aythya valisineria | Anatidae | | | 128 km/h 80 mph | High-speed wings |
| Common eider | Somateria mollissima | Anatidae | | | 123 km/h 76 mph | High-speed wings |
| Eurasian teal | Anas crecca | Anatidae | | | 97 km/h 60 mph | High–aspect ratio wings |
| Anna's hummingbird | Calypte anna | Trochilidae | | 56 km/h 35 mph | 70 km/h 43 mph | Rapidly-beating wings |
# Pitrus de Ocampo

Pitrus Paolo De Ocampo (born June 29, 1991) is a Filipino volleyball player. He played with FEU Tamaraws collegiate men's collegiate volleyball team. He is currently playing for the Philippine Air Force Air Spikers in the Spikers' Turf.

## Career
### Collegiate

De Ocampo played for FEU Tamaraws in the UAAP as a setter.
In UAAP Season 71, they failed to advanced in the Semis after being placed in 6th.
In UAAP Season 72, they got a 11–3 win-loss record in the preliminary round. They succeeded to advanced in the finals after defeating the Ateneo Blue Eagles in the Semis but they failed to get the championship title after being defeated by UST Golden Spikers in the finals.
In UAAP Season 73, they got a 13–1 win-loss record in the preliminary round tied with UST Golden Spikers. They succeeded to advanced in the finals after defeating the UP Fighting Maroons in the Semis but they failed to get the championship title after being defeated by UST Golden Spikers in the Game 2 of best-of-three finals series.
In UAAP Season 74, they got 12–2 win-loss record in the preliminary round. They won against De La Salle Green Archers in the Semis. They hailed as UAAP Season 74 champions after they won against UST Golden Spikers in the Game 2 of best-of-three finals series.
In UAAP Season 75, De Ocampo played his last playing year in UAAP. He didn't finished the season because of the injury.

## Clubs

* Gilingan's Sisig Kings (2013)
* Philippine Air Force Air Spikers (2015–present)

## Awards
### Clubs

| Year | Tournament | Clubs | Title | Ref |
| Year | Tournament | Clubs | Title | Ref | 2015 Spikers' Turf | Open | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers | 3rd place |
| Reinforced | Runner-up | | | | 2015 Spikers' Turf | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2016 Spikers' Turf | Open | Champions | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2016 Spikers' Turf | Reinforced | Champions | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2017 PVL | Reinforced | Runner-up | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2017 PVL | Open | 3rd place | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2018 PVL/Spikers' Turf | Reinforced | Champions | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2018 PVL/Spikers' Turf | Open | Champions | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2019 Spikers' Turf | Reinforced | Runner-up | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2019 Spikers' Turf | Open | Runner-up | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
| 2021 PNVF | Champions League for Men | Runner-up | | | | | Philippine Air Force Air Spikers |
# Billy Bob

Billy Bob is the given name or nickname of:

## People

* Billy Bob Buttons, the pen name of Edward Hugh Trayer (born 1970), British-born novelist
* Billy Bob Faulkingham (William Faulkingham), American politician from 2018
* Billy Bob Thornton (born 1955), American film actor, writer and director

## Fictional characters

* Billy Bob Brockali, member of the animatronic robot band the Rock-afire Explosion, voiced by Aaron Fechter
# Andhra Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation

The Andhra Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (APMRC) is a public sector company in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India headquartered in Vijayawada, that operates the Vijayawada Metro and Visakhapatnam Metro. Initially, it was incorporated as Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation (AMRC), a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for the implementation of the Vijayawada Metro Rail project. Later, the Visakhapatnam Metro Rail Project was added to the list. It was first proposed as a Mass Rapid Transit System in VGTM UDA, which was later changed into Amaravati Metropolitan Region Development Authority (AMRDA).

## History

The APMRC was created on 29 October 2015 with N.P. Ramakrishna Reddy as its first managing director. This project was first initiated as a Medium Metro rail project, designed by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). However, it was rejected by the Government of India in New Delhi due to financial issues. The Government of Andhra Pradesh then opted for a Light Metro rail system, but faced opposition from engineer E. Sreedharan, who was serving as an advisor for the central government in New Delhi regarding both metro projects. E. Sreedharan stated that the Light Metro system would not meet the needs of Andhra Pradesh's capital city, Amaravati, so the memorandum of understanding (MoU) between APMRC and DMRC was revoked. Since the central government refused to fund the projects, the Andhra Pradesh state government decided to undertake them with financial support from companies in Korea and Malaysia.

## Projects
### Systems in development

Under construction Approved Proposed
| System | Locale | State | Lines | Stations | Length (Planned) | Construction began | Planned Opening |
| Visakhapatnam Metro | Visakhapatnam | Andhra Pradesh | 3 | 54 | 76.90 km (47.78 mi) | TBD | By 2029 |
| Vijayawada Metro | APCR (Vijayawada) | Andhra Pradesh | 2 | 51 | 75 km (47 mi) | TBD | By 2028 |
| Amaravati Metro | APCR (Amaravati) | Andhra Pradesh | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Tirupati Metro | Tirupati | Andhra Pradesh | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Total | | | 5 | 105 | 151.90 km (94.39 mi) | | |
# Stan Webb (footballer, born 1906)

Sidney John Webb (6 January 1906 – 13 December 1993), commonly known as Stan Webb, was an English professional footballer who made more than 200 Football League appearances playing as a goalkeeper for Brighton & Hove Albion.

## Life and career

Webb was born in Portslade-by-Sea, Sussex, in 1906. He worked at the local gasworks, and played football for his works team and for Sussex County League team Hove before turning professional with Brighton & Hove Albion in 1924. He spent the next season with Tunbridge Wells Rangers of the Kent League, and made 24 first-team appearances for Albion in 1925–26. He then lost his place to the experienced Skilly Williams, but regained it in late 1928, and was undisputed first choice until the arrival of Joe Duckworth, with whom he enjoyed a rivalry for the position until Duckworth moved on in 1932. Webb made his 234th and final first-team appearance for Albion in 1934, returned to Tunbridge Wells Rangers – by then a Southern League team – in 1935, and finished his career at Southwick. After the war, he emigrated to Australia, where he died on 13 December 1993.