OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# European Youth Go Championship

The European Youth Go Championship (EYGC) is a championship for young players of the board game of Go. It is held annually, and first started in Băile Felix, Romania in 1996. Some winners of the various age groups, such as Diána Kőszegi, have since progressed to become professional Go players.
The championship was divided into two sections until 2010, when it was split into three age groups.
This event is where one can first see the future European Go leaders, such as Ilya Shikshin or Artem Kachanovskyi, respectively first and second in the adult 2010 European Go Championship (EGC).

## History

In its very first year, the U-18 group produced two noteworthy prize-winners: Csaba Mérő (the section winner), and the future professional players Svetlana Shikshina (2nd place) and Alexandre Dinerchtein (3rd place).

## Notable prize-winners

Other juniors went on to win senior tournaments.
The U-12 winner in 2000 and 2001, Ilya Shikshin, went on to win the adult European Go Championship, in 2007 and 2010.
Notable U-18 winners who progressed to greater things include Csaba Mérő, Alexandr Dinerchtein (record 7-times-winner of the adult EGC) and Diána Kőszegi.

## Awards

From 2010 onwards, these are split into 3 sections. They are for U-12s (players aged under 12), U-16s and U-18s.

### Under 16

This section was created in 2010, after the World Youth Go Championship altered the age categories under competition.

### Under 20

During the 2011 championship of Brno, it was mentioned "under 20" category instead of "under 18"
# Former Residence of Xu Teli

The Former Residence of Xu Teli or Xu Teli's Former Residence (Chinese: 徐特立故居; pinyin: Xú Tèlì Gùjū) was built in the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911). It is located in Wumei Township, Changsha County, Hunan. It has an area of about 1,700 square metres (18,000 sq ft) and a building area of about 581.7 square metres (6,261 sq ft).

## History

The house was built by Xu's grandfather during the Tongzhi period (1862–1874) of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).
In 1988, it was listed as one of Hunan's most important culture and relics site.
In August 2005, it was rebuilt by the People's Government of Changsha County and it was opened to the public.
In 2013, it was listed as one of "Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Hunan" by the State Council of China.
# Fernando de Leyba

Lieutenant Colonel Fernando de Leyba y Córdova Vizcaigaña (July 24, 1734 – June 28, 1780) was a Spanish Army officer who served as the third lieutenant governor of Upper Louisiana from 1778 until his death in 1780. He successfully defended the village of St. Louis during the American Revolutionary War.

## Military career

Little is known of Fernando de Leyba's life until his appointment to the lieutenant governor's position on June 14, 1778. Immediately upon his appointment to the post, he was ordered by Bernardo de Galvez to keep abreast of events occurring in the American Revolutionary War, and to keep any correspondence with an American chief secret and report it at once to him. He met George Rogers Clark barely two months later, when Clark, fresh from his victory at Kaskaskia, visited St. Louis and met with the governor. Fearing an attack from Detroit, Clark suggested that De Leyba fortify the town; upon being notified of this, Galvez responded that De Leyba would have to make do on his own, as no fortifications would be provided.
After war was declared on Great Britain, the British launched a retalitory strike on the provincial capitol of Upper Louisiana. Given fair warning, De Leyba managed to raise 1000 piastres, including 400 of his own money, for the construction of Fort San Carlos. Already deep in debt from his gifts to the Indians, De Leyba could ill afford paying for the entire fortification on his own. In any event, one tower was completed, with part of a second also built. This was enough to repel the enemy, who attacked St. Louis on May 26, 1780.

## Death and legacy

De Leyba's health was already deteriorating and on June 28, 1780, he died. His after action report on the battle of St. Louis would not reach Galvez until after De Leyba's death, yet the governor was sufficiently impressed enough to recommend De Leyba for promotion to the rank of lieutenant colonel, posthumously.
Afterwards, many of the villagers from the area around St. Louis began to blame him for their troubles, writing anonymous letters to the government in New Orleans detailing his supposed misbehaviors. Some people began calling him a "Spanish Benedict Arnold". In 1831, one historian Judge, Wilson Primm, wrote a lecture in which he stated that the governor had not only sold the gunpowder stores to the enemy, he had acted in a cowardly manner during the engagement and deliberately impeded the defense of the village. Supported by accounts made by survivors some fifty years after the battle, these accusations were accepted by many historians for much of the nineteenth century, and it is only recently that some have begun to reconsider the role De Leyba played in the defense of the American frontier.
# Macbeth (1979 film)

Macbeth is a 1979 videotaped version of Trevor Nunn's Royal Shakespeare Company production of the play by William Shakespeare. Produced by Thames Television, it features Ian McKellen as Macbeth and Judi Dench as Lady Macbeth. The TV version was directed by Philip Casson.

## Description and background

The original stage production was performed at The Other Place, the RSC's small studio theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon. It had been performed in the round before small audiences, with a bare stage and simple costuming. The recording preserves this style: the actors perform on a circular set and with a mostly black background; changes of setting are indicated only by lighting changes.
During the scene of the ghost, Macbeth "ha[s] a seizure" in this version of the play.

## Reception

"Ian McKellen's tortured Macbeth and Judi Dench's commanding , intelligent Lady Macbeth were powerful as individual performances , and the relationship between them was urgent and intense", noted Alexander Leggatt. The staging is described as "stark and empty".

## Cast

* Ian McKellen as Macbeth
* Judi Dench as Lady Macbeth
* John Bown as Lennox
* Susan Dury as 3rd Witch / Lady Macduff
* Judith Harte as 2nd Witch / Gentlewoman
* Greg Hicks as Donalbain / Seyton
* David Howey as Sergeant / 1st Murderer / Doctor
* Griffith Jones as Duncan
* Marie Kean as 1st Witch
* Ian McDiarmid as The Porter / Ross
* Bob Peck as Macduff
* Duncan Preston as Angus
* Roger Rees as Malcolm
* Zak Taylor as Fleance / Messenger
* Stephen Warner as Young Macduff
* John Woodvine as Banquo
# Georgi Tutev

Georgi Tutev (Bulgarian: Георги Тутев; 23 August 1924 – 13 September 1994) was a Bulgarian composer of contemporary classical music, one of the main representative of Bulgarian modernism.

## Life

He was the son of a Bulgarian father and German mother. He studied law at the "Climent Ohridski" Sofia University and music with Lubomir Pipkov, as well as composition in the Moscow State Conservatory with Yuri Shaporin and Viktor Bely.
Tutev is the founder and the first president of the SCMB - ISCM Bulgarian Section as well as the founder and organizer of the Musica Nova - Sofia, International Festival of Contemporary Music.

## Works

* Tale of the Lopian Forest (1951)
* Symphony No. 1 for orchestra (1959)
* Overtura da Requiem for orchestra (1963)
* Metamorphoses for 13 Strings (1966)
* Tempi Rithmizati for strings, piano and percussion (1968)
* Musica Concertante for strings, flute, cembalo and percussion (1968)
* Symphony No. 2 (Variationen) (1969–72)
* "Soli per tre" for wind trio (1974)
* Musica peritos in la Glorificat auf Themen unbekannter Meister der Renaissance (1975)
* Sehnsucht nach der vorlengegangenen Harmonie - Concertante Musik for large String orch, kaval, keyboards and percussion (1979–82)
* Calvinomusica for cello and chamber ensemble (1987)
* J.S.B. Mediationen for chamber ensemble (1992)
# Ismism

Ismism is the fourth studio album by the English duo Godley & Creme, released in October 1981 by Polydor Records. In the US it was released under the name Snack Attack. It was recorded between April–May 1980 at Lymehouse Studios in Leatherhead, Surrey and engineered and re-mixed at Nigel Gray's Surrey Sound Studios.
Ismism peaked at No. 29 on the UK Albums Chart and at No. 28 on the Dutch Albums Chart, making it their best-selling studio album. Three singles were released from the album: "Under Your Thumb", "Wedding Bells" and "Snack Attack", with the first two singles charting within the Top 10 on the UK Singles Chart.
Ismism was reissued on CD in 2004 under Ismism... Plus name (with other Godley & Creme albums) with singles' B-sides as bonus tracks.

## Artwork

The album's cover artwork, designed by Ben Kelly, originally was in white with the title spelt out via holes in the cover which showed a contrasting colour beneath. Later versions used coloured dots instead of holes. An alternative version of the cover featured a black background.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Smash Hits | 4/10 |
| The Virgin Encyclopedia of Eighties Music | |
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, critic Mark Allan wrote of the album, "Prone to pretension, these two English Frank Zappas revel in outright silliness on much of this album", adding that "throughout all of this, you get the nagging feeling this pair was capable of so much more."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kevin Godley and Lol Creme

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the Ismism liner notes.
Musicians
* Kevin Godley – vocals; drums; percussion; drum machine
* Lol Creme – vocals; bass; guitar; keyboards; synthesizers
* Bimbo Acock – saxophone
Production and artwork
* Kevin Godley – producer
* Lol Creme – producer; engineer
* Nigel Gray – mixer
* Ben Kelly – artwork

## Charts

| Chart (1981/82) | Peak position |
| Australian (Kent Music Report) | 77 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 28 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 29 |
# Poecilognathus

Poecilognathus is a North and South American genus of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae. There are about 13 described species in Poecilognathus.

## Species

These 13 species belong to the genus Poecilognathus:
* Poecilognathus badius (Coquillett, 1904)$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus bicolor (Coquillett, 1904)$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus loewi (Painter, 1965)$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus philippianus (Rondani, 1863)$^{cg}$
* Poecilognathus pulchellus (Williston, 1901)$^i$
* Poecilognathus punctipennis (Walker, 1849)$^{icgb}$
* Poecilognathus relativitae (Evenhuis, 1985)$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus scolopax (Osten Sacken, 1877)$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus stictopennis (Hall, 1976)$^{cg}$
* Poecilognathus sulphureus (Loew, 1863)$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus thlipsomyzoides Jaennicke, 1867$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus unimaculatus (Coquillett, 1904)$^{icg}$
* Poecilognathus xanthogaster (Hall, 1976)$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Rowan v. United States Post Office Department

Rowan v. Post Office Dept., 397 U.S. 728 (1970), is a case in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that an addressee of postal mail has sole, complete, unfettered and unreviewable discretion to decide whether he or she wishes to receive further material from a particular sender, and that the sender does not have a constitutional right to send unwanted material into someone's home. It thus created a quasi-exception to free speech in cases in which a person is held as a "captive audience".

## Background

While the statute only explicitly applies to "a pandering advertisement which offers for sale matter which the addressee in his sole discretion believes to be erotically arousing or sexually provocative", a lower court had found that § 4009 was constitutional when interpreted to prohibit advertisements similar to those initially mailed to the addressee, and this decision upholds that interpretation. In other words, a recipient may obtain a Prohibitory Order prohibiting mail from a given sender, and the mailing used as the basis for that order need not be erotic or sexually provocative in order to be the basis of prohibiting the sender from sending further mail. The only absolute requirement is that it must be possible to construe the mail as an offer to sell goods or services.

## Opinion of the Court

The opinion of the Court was delivered by Justice Warren Burger, and a concurring opinion was filed by Justice William Brennan, joined by William Douglas. The majority concluded that the addressee of postal mail has sole, complete, unfettered and unreviewable discretion to decide whether to receive further material from a particular sender, and a vendor does not have a constitutional right to send unwanted material to an unreceptive addressee.

## Subsequent developments

The United States Postal Service's PS Form 1500 still refers to material that the applicant considers "erotically arousing or sexually provocative" even though the court interpreted the statute to apply to any unwanted advertising: "The statute allows the addressee sole, complete, unfettered and unreviewable discretion to decide whether he wishes to receive any further material from a particular sender."
# Mayor of Pasig

The Mayor of Pasig (Filipino: Punong Lungsod ng Pasig) is the chief executive of the government of Pasig in Metro Manila, Philippines. The mayor leads the city's departments in executing ordinances and delivering public services. The mayorship is a three-year term and each mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, totaling nine years, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of one term.
The current mayor of Pasig is Vico Sotto.

## List

| Name | Deputy (later Vice Mayor) | Term Began | Term Ended |
| Commonwealth of the Philippines ||||
| Sixto Antonio | Leandro Jabson | 1934 | 1937 |
| Cipriano Raymundo | | 1937 | 1942 |
| Japanese Occupation ||||
| Cipriano Raymundo | | 1942 | 1945 |
| Commonwealth of the Philippines ||||
| Bibiano Reynoso | | February 1945 | April 1945 |
| Apolonio Santiago | | April 1945 | August 1945 |
| Cipriano Raymundo | | September 1945 | April 1946 |
| Philippine Republic ||||
| Francisco Legaspi | | 1946 | 1951 |
| Cipriano Raymundo | | 1952 | 1955 |
| Emiliano Caruncho Jr. | Emiliano Santos (1955–1972) Vicente Paulino Eusebio (1980–1986) | December 30, 1955 | March 26, 1986 |
| Mario Raymundo | | March 26, 1986 | June 30, 1992 |
| Vicente P. Eusebio | | June 30, 1992 | June 30, 2001 |
| Soledad C. Eusebio | | June 30, 2001 | June 30, 2004 |
| Vicente P. Eusebio | | June 30, 2004 | June 30, 2007 |
| Robert C. Eusebio | | June 30, 2007 | June 30, 2013 |
| Maria Belen "Maribel" G. Andaya-Eusebio | | June 30, 2013 | June 30, 2016 |
| Robert C. Eusebio | | June 30, 2016 | June 30, 2019 |
| Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto | | June 30, 2019 | present |
Reference:

## Vice Mayor of Pasig

The Vice Mayor is the second-highest official of the city. The vice mayor is elected via popular vote; although most mayoral candidates have running mates, the vice mayor is elected separately from the mayor. This can result in the mayor and the vice mayor coming from different political parties.
The Vice Mayor is the presiding officer of the Pasig City Council, although he can only vote as the tiebreaker. When a mayor is removed from office, the vice mayor becomes the mayor until the scheduled next election. Robert Jaworski Jr. assumed the post on June 30, 2022.

### List

| # | Vice Mayor | Term start | Term end | Notes |
| 1 | Emiliano Santos | 1956 | 1972 | |
| – | none | 1972 | 1980 | No vice mayor during Martial Law. |
| 2 | Vicente Paulino Eusebio | 1980 | 1986 | |
| – | Boy Reyes | March 26, 1986 | February 2, 1988 | |
| 3 | Miguel "Mike" Cayton | February 2, 1988 | June 30, 1992 | |
| 4 | Francisco S. De Guzman | June 30, 1992 | June 30, 1995 | |
| 5 | Lorna Caruncho-Bernardo | June 30, 1995 | June 30, 2004 | |
| 6 | Rosalio D. Martires | June 30, 2004 | June 30, 2013 | |
| 7 | Christian "Iyo" Caruncho Bernardo | June 30, 2013 | June 30, 2022 | |
| 8 | Robert "Dodot" Jaworski Jr. | June 30, 2022 | present | |
# Jack (human modeling)

The Jack human simulation system was developed at the Center for Human Modeling and Simulation at the University of Pennsylvania in the 1980s & 1990s under the direction of Professor Norman Badler. Conceived as an ergonomic assessment and virtual human prototyping system for NASA space shuttle development, it soon gathered funding from the U.S. Navy and U.S. Army for dismounted soldier simulation, from the U.S. Air Force for maintenance simulation, and from various other government and corporate users for their own applications. In 1996 the software was spun off into a privately held company and is now sold as an ergonomic human simulation toolkit (called Tecnomatix Jack) by Siemens. The research and development of the Jack system have led to such standards as H-anim and MPEG4 Body Animation Parameters.
The roots of most modern human animation Inverse kinematics systems can be traced to the research and development done for the Jack system. Some of these animation systems include those integrated with Autodesk's 3ds max, Maya, and proprietary in-house systems used by various animation studios, such as Industrial Light and Magic.

## Corporate history

The original Jack software company was called Transom. It was sold to Engineering Animation, Inc. (EAI) which later was acquired by Unigraphics Solutions (UGS). Unigraphics was then re-incorporated into Electronic Data Systems (EDS) and then spun off again as a privately held company called UGS. After the acquisition of Tecnomatix, Jack became officially part of the Tecnomatix product line. UGS was eventually acquired by Siemens.
# Carmela Mackenna

Carmela Mackenna Subercaseaux (1879–1962) was a Chilean pianist and composer. Born in Santiago, to Alberto Mackenna Astorga and Carmela Subercaseaux, she was the great-granddaughter of Chilean hero Juan Mackenna and aunt of composer Alfonso Leng. She studied music theory with Bindo Paoli in Santiago and continued her studies in piano and composition with Conrad Ansorge and Hans Mersmann in Berlin. in 1934 she made her debut as a composer in Berlin with Concerto for Piano and Orchestra.
She was successful as both a pianist and composer in Europe, and is identified with expressionist style. In 1936 she won an award for her Mass for Mixed Chorus a Cappella in the International Competition of Church Music held in Frankfurt. The mass was performed by the choir of the Munich Frauenkirche Cathedral in Munich.

## Selected works

* Concerto for piano and orchestra (1934)
* Cello and Piano Duo
* Serenade for Flute, Violin, and Piano
* Two Little Pieces for Orchestra
* Suite Chilena (Chilean Suite) for Piano
* Two Poems for Voice and Piano
* Trio for Violin, Viola, and Cello
* Variations and Prelude for solo piano
* Mass for mixed chorus a cappella
* Violin Sonata (includes a piano accompaniment)
Sources:
# Mueller Township, Michigan

Mueller Township is a civil township of Schoolcraft County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 260 in 2020.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 87.78 square miles (227.35 km$^2$), of which 83.61 square miles (216.55 km$^2$) is land and 4.17 square miles (10.80 km$^2$) (4.75%) is water.

### Communities

* Blaney Park was established as a lumbering town by the William Mueller Company, a Chicago-based company that operated steam ships on the great lakes. It was not a successful operation so the town was sold in 1909 to the Wiscon Land and Mining Company, which continued lumbering operations until 1927. It was then converted into a resort town.
* Port Inland is a commercial port in the eastern end of the township at 45°58′15″N 85°52′20″W﻿ / ﻿45.97083°N 85.87222°W﻿ / 45.97083; -85.87222 It transships the limestone carried to it by Carmeuse, a quarry company. In 2013, it was the 81st largest port in the United States ranked by tonnage.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 census, there were 245 people, 102 households, and 84 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.9 per square mile (1.1/km$^2$). There were 301 housing units at an average density of 3.6 per square mile (1.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 88.98% White, 8.16% Native American, 1.63% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latinos of any race were 2.86% of the population. By 2020, its population grew to 260.
In 2000, there were 102 households, out of which 19.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.5% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 14.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.62. In the township the population was spread out, with 18.0% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 33.9% from 45 to 64, and 23.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.2 males.
In 2000, the median income for a household in the township was $33,571, and the median income for a family was $34,643. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,507. About 2.5% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 10.8% of those 65 or over. As of 2021 census estimates, its median household income was $53,571.

## Transportation

Indian Trails provides daily intercity bus service via Blaney Park between St. Ignace and Ironwood, Michigan.