OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1799 in Sweden

Events from the year 1799 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Gustav IV Adolf

## Events

* - Coffee is banned: due to the opposition, this unpopular law is abolished again in 1802.
* - Maximum seu archimetria by Thomas Thorild

## Births

* 13 March - Maria Dorothea Dunckel, playwright (died 1878)
* 22 March – Fredrik Vilhelm August Argelander
* 24 March - Nils Almlöf, actor (died 1875)
* 31 October - Maria Fredrica von Stedingk, composer (died 1868)
* 9 November - Gustav, Prince of Vasa, prince (died 1877)
* 11 December - Charlotte Thitz, educator (died 1889)
* Helena Larsdotter Westerlund, educator (died 1865)

## Deaths

* 2 February - Dorothea Maria Lösch, war heroine (born 1730)
* 11 March - Anna Lisa Jermen, entrepreneur (born 1770)
* 25 May - Barbara Ekenberg, entrepreneur (born 1717)
* Anna Elisabeth Baer, ship owner (born 1722)
* Anna Maria Brandel, industrialist (born 1725)
# BAF agar

BAF agar or biotin-aneurin-folic acid agar is a type of agar growth medium containing peptones. It is used to grow cultures of mycorrhizal fungi. It was first described by A.J.P. Oort [Wikidata] in Nutritional requirements of Lactarius species and cultural characters in relation to taxonomy in 1981. The acidic pH (5.8-6.3) of BAF agar inhibits bacterial growth.

## Typical composition

BAF agar typically contains:
* 30.0 g/L glucose
* 2.0 g/L peptone
* 0.2 g/L yeast extract
* 0.5 g/L KH$_2$PO$_4$
* 0.5 g/L MgSO$_4$.7 H$_2$O
* 10.0 mg/L FeCl$_3$.6 H$_2$O
* 1.0 mg/L ZnSO$_4$.7 H$_2$O
* 5.0 mg/L MnSO$_4$
* 100.0 mg/L CaCl$_2$.2 H$_2$O
* 50.0 μg/L thiamine HCl
* 1.0 μg/L biotin
* 100.0 μg/L folic acid
* 50.0 μg/L inositol
* 15 g/L agar
# Nelly Moretto

Nelly Moretto (20 September 1925 – 24 November 1978) was an Argentine composer and pianist.
She was born in Rosario, Argentina, and studied at the National Conservatory and the Torcuato di Tella Institute in Buenos Aires, and at the University of Illinois. She worked for a time at the electronic studio Estudio de Fonología Musical (EFM) at the University of Buenos Aires. She died in Buenos Aires.

## Works

Selected works include:
* Composición 9a for two instrumental groups, tape, dance and lights, 1965
* Composición 9b for tape, 1966
* Coribattenti for string quartet and tape, 1967
* Composición No.13: In Memorian J. C. Paz for trumpet and tape, 1972
* Composición No.14: Bah! le dije al tiempo for violin, trumpet, piano and tape, 1974/1975
# Muscles & Mayhem: An Unauthorized Story of American Gladiators

Muscles & Mayhem: An Unauthorized Story of American Gladiators is a Netflix series about American Gladiators.
# Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) is an interdisciplinary non-profit professional organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., within the so-called Potomac Chapter of the organization. Founded in 1957, HFES now claims 4500 members worldwide. HFES has 67 active chapters throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe; 42 of these are student chapters, and 23 are technical groups.
Members of HFES address a broad spectrum of issues arising in the growing field of human factors and ergonomics. In addition to the Human Factors journal, produced by an independent contractor, HFES publishes the ANSI/HFES-100 standard for ergonomic workstation setups, approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 2007.
# Nokia 6555

The Nokia 6555 is a brand of mobile phone launched in the third quarter of 2007. It came in 4 colors: red, gold, silver and black.

## Features

* Active-matrix 240 x 320 pixel (QVGA) 2,0” main display with 16M Colors
* Secondary display in 128 x 160 pixel with 262k colors
* Video recorder with audio support (records up to 60 seconds in 176 x 144 resolution)
* Streaming video and audio
* Wireless connectivity with Bluetooth
* 30 MB internal memory
* Java MIDP 2.0 applications
* Data synchronization with PC via PC Suite
Additional features:
* Nokia Operating System 40 5th edition
* microSD card slot up to 4GB Max
* Micro-USB 2.0
* HSCSD data transfer up to 43.2 kbit/s

## Operating frequencies

* Global(RM-271): UMTS (WCDMA) 850/2100 and Quad Band GSM 850/900/1800/1900
* AT&T(RM-289): UMTS (WCDMA) 850/1900 and Quad Band GSM 850/900/1800/1900
# Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology station

SIAT station (Chinese: 深理工站; pinyin: Shēn Lǐgōng zhàn) is a station on Line 6 Branch of the Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 November 2022. Its name is derived from the nearby Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese: 中国科学院深圳理工大学).

## Station layout

| G | - | Exit |
| B1F Concourse | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| B2F Platforms | Platform | 6B towards Guangming (Sun Yat-sen University) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B2F Platforms | Platform | 6B reserved platform |

## Exits

| Exit | Exit | Destination |
# Rodolphe Cadart

Rodolphe Cadart (French:; born 8 August 1978) is a former professional tennis player from France.

## Career

As a junior, Cadart made the boys' quarter-finals at the 1995 Australian Open and was also a quarter-finalist in the doubles at Wimbledon that year, partnering Jean-François Bachelot.
In the 1999 ERA Real Estate Clay Court Championships, held in Orlando, Cadart had a win over Australian Open winner Petr Korda.
Cadart lost a four set match to Stefan Koubek in the opening round of the 2000 Australian Open. It would be his only Grand Slam singles appearance, although he took part in the doubles at the 2003 French Open, with Richard Gasquet. The pair were defeated in the first round by Zimbabweans Wayne Black and Kevin Ullyett.
He had his best result on the ATP Tour in 2003, at Marseille, where he made the quarter-finals, beating world number 45 Max Mirnyi en route.

## Challenger titles
### Doubles: (1)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | 2003 | Bangalore, India | Hard | Grégory Carraz | Yves Allegro Jean-François Bachelot | 6–4, 6–4 |
# Hotel Bristol (Copenhagen)

Hotel Bristol, also known as Absalons Gaard after a later owner, is a former hotel located on the City Hall Square in Copenhagen, Denmark.

## History
### As a hotel

Hotel Bristol was built in two stages. The first two wings, along the City Hall Square and Frederiksberggade, were designed by the architect Vilhelm Fischer, who won an architectural competition, and built from 1901 to 1902 as Hotel Bristol. In 1932, a third wing, designed by Waldemar Schmidt, was built along Vestergade.
The Hotel Bristol closed in 1917 after a bankruptcy caused by a fire.

### Later occupants

After the closure, the building became the new headquarters of Absalon, an insurance company founded in 1909, and changed its name to Absalons Gård (en. House of Absalon). Later the newspaper Aktuelt was based there.

## Architecture

The three-wing building is constructed in red brick with granite rustication on the ground storey. The most distinctive feature of the building is its tower which stands 50 metres tall and is capped by a copper roof.

## Trotsky and Hotel Bristol

Hotel Bristol provided Leon Trotsky with an alibi following his 1936 Show Trial. Trotsky was accused of plotting against Joseph Stalin at the cafe of the Bristol in Copenhagen where E. S Golzman confessed to meeting both him and his son Sergei Sedov. Danish newspapers could afterwards report that the hotel had been closed since the fire in 1917. The details have been laid out in 'Leon Trotsky and the Hotel Bristol That Never Was', chapter 9, in High Times at the Hotel Bristol, a book about incidents at Hotel Bristol around the world.

## Other incidents

* The internationally renowned Danish actor Valdemar Psilander died in the hotel while he stayed there as a guest in 1917.
# Price Club

Price Club was an American warehouse club chain. Founded in 1976, it merged with its competitor, Costco Wholesale, in 1993. The original Price Club warehouse in San Diego, California, is now Costco location number 401.

## History

Price Club was founded by Sol Price in 1975 after he was forced out of FedMart, another retail chain he had founded. Price and several friends invested $2.5 million to establish Price Club. The first Price Club location opened on July 12, 1976, in San Diego, at the former site of a manufacturing building previously owned by Howard Hughes.
After leaving FedMart, Price noticed that small businesses in San Diego either ordered directly from four or five large wholesalers or they bought locally from relatively small cash-and-carry wholesalers. Therefore, Price Club was originally positioned as a much larger, volume-oriented version of the cash-and-carry wholesale format, meaning that prospective members were required to present resale certificates or professional licenses. Price Club membership was initially only available to business customers, but was later expanded to other groups, such as employees of local businesses, nonprofits, and governments. The company charged shoppers a $25 annual membership fee to purchase bulk products at discount prices in a no-frills warehouse setting. Price Club's high sales volume enabled it to pay its employees higher wages and offer greater benefits than typical retailers. The company eventually expanded to 94 locations throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico (in joint venture with Controladora Comercial Mexicana). In 1992, Price Club generated $6.6 billion in revenue and $134.1 million in profit.
In 1993, Price Club merged with its rival Costco and the combined company was known as PriceCostco. Price Club and Costco initially continued to operate as separate chains, with members of either chain being able to shop at both stores. However, by the following year, Price Enterprises was spun off from the combined company and later established PriceSmart in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. In 1997, PriceCostco became Costco Wholesale Corporation and all remaining Price Clubs were rebranded as Costco.
# EM Strasbourg Business School

EM Strasbourg Business School is a French business school located in Strasbourg, Alsace. It was established in 1919.

## History

In 1919, at the initiative of the Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie (CCI), the Institut d'Etudes Supérieures Spécialisées, or European Institute for Higher Business Studies, (IECS) was created.
In 1956, in accordance with the CCI, the IECS was attached to the University of Strasbourg and the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, thus becoming the only French business school tied to a traditional university.
In 1999, the IECS moved to a new building, the PEGE (European Center of Management and Economics). The building covers 26,000 m$^2$ (280,000 sq ft), over four levels.
On 12 October 2007 the school underwent a strategic merger with the IAE of Strasbourg, forming a new entity, named the EM Strasbourg Business School.
The school was the first French public institution to get a four-year "diversity" label issued by AFNOR in 2012.
In 2015, the School was accredited AACSB.
As of 2018 there were 3300 students.

## Programs

Students can focus their studies in banking and finance, entrepreneurship and management, finance, accounting and auditing, supply chain management, management of information systems, and marketing and sales. The school maintains a large undergraduate and graduate exchange program with nearly 200 partner institutions located in 55 countries all over the world, such as Trinity College, Dublin, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, and HEC Montréal.

## Ranking

Since 2000 and as of 2020 it has been one of the elite grandes écoles in France, ranking in the top 17 business schools in the nation. It is the only French business school to operate under the umbrella of a traditional university, the University of Strasbourg. This model was inspired by U.S. and other international models. The school is the only one in France to be ranked in the Shanghai academic ranking of world Universities through its affiliation with the University of Strasbourg.
In 2022, the Financial Times ranked the Masters in Management program 71st in the world.

## Notable alumni

* Fatma Samoura, Secretary General of FIFA, 2016–2023
* Jean-Marc Zulesi, member of the National Assembly as of 2017
# Ti Jean Petro

Ti-Jean Petro is a snake-loa and son of Dan Petro in Haitian Vodou.
# Daniela Reina

Daniela Reina (born 15 May 1981 in Camerino) is an Italian former sprinter (200 m and 400 m) and middle-distance runner (800 m).
In her career she won 8 times the national championships. She has 25 caps in the Italy national athletics team.

## National records

* 400 metres: 51.18 (Rieti, 17 August 2006) - record holder until 2 July 2009

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Italy ||||||
| 2000 | World Junior Championships | Santiago, Chile | 17th (h) | 400m | 55.12 |
| 2001 | European U23 Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 7th | 400m | 54.31 |
| 2001 | Mediterranean Games | Tunis, Tunisia | 2nd | 4x400 metres relay | 3'38"90 |
| 2002 | European Indoor Championships | Vienna, Austria | 3rd | 4x400 metres relay | 3'36"49 |
| 2003 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 13th (h) | 400m | 54.82 |
| 2006 | European Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | Semifinal | 400 metres | 52.12 |
| 2007 | European Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | Semifinal | 400 metres | 53.00 |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | Semifinal | 400 metres | 51.99 |
| 2009 | European Indoor Championships | Turin, Italy | 5th | 400 metres | 53.11 |
| 2009 | Mediterranean Games | Pescara, Italy | 2nd | 400 metres | 52.34 |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | Heat | 800 metres | 2:01.94 |

## National titles

Daniela Reina has won 8 times the individual national championship.
* 4 wins in the 400 metres (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008)
* 4 wins in the 400 metres indoor (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)
# Christine D'Souza Gelb

Christine Esmeralda D'Souza Gelb (born August 6, 1984) is an American film executive who co-founded the studio 2AM with David Hinojosa and Kevin Rowe.

## Early life

Christine Esmeralda D'Souza was born on August 6, 1984, to Terence D'Souza, a neurologist originally from Mumbai, India, and Bernadette Gomes, a New Orleans civil district court judge born in Goa, India. She attended Isidore Newman School in New Orleans, graduating in the class of 2002.

## Career

D'Souza Gelb joined the film production and distribution company Endeavor Content in 2012 as an agent in the company's finance and packaging department. At Endeavor, she sold the distribution rights for several films, including The Farewell (2012), Under the Skin (2013), The Witch (2015), Manchester by the Sea (2016), and Midsommar (2019). She left the company in 2020.
In February 2021, D'Souza Gelb launched the film studio 2AM alongside David Hinojosa and Kevin Rowe as founding partners.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Credit |
| 2022 | Resurrection | Executive Producer |
| 2022 | Bodies Bodies Bodies | Executive Producer |
| 2023 | Earth Mama | Executive Producer |
| 2023 | Past Lives | Executive Producer |
| 2024 | Love Me | Executive Producer |
| 2024 | Little Death | Executive Producer |
| 2024 | Omni Loop | Executive Producer |
| 2024 | Babygirl | Executive Producer |
| 2025 | Serious People | Executive Producer |
| TBA | Bushido | Producer |

## Personal life

D'Souza Gelb met her husband, American film director David Gelb, at her office in Los Angeles while they discussed the release of his documentary. The couple was married on October 1, 2016, in New Orleans.
# Cigar ash

Cigar ash, also known as cigarette ash, is the ash produced by tobacco products as it is smoked.

## Smoking

Connoisseurs of cigars disagree as to whether the quality of a cigar may be determined from the appearance of its ash.

## Uses

Cigar ash may be mixed with chalk to make a dentifrice or tooth powder. It may also be mixed with poppyseed oil to make paint in shades of grey.

## Disposal

Usually, during smoking, the ash is an unwanted product that is to be disposed of. An ashtray is used to dispose of ashes and butts without creating a fire hazard. Once it is certain that any burning has been extinguished, the ashtray contents are disposed of.

## Sherlock Holmes

The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes was an expert in the study of cigar ash and wrote a monograph, Upon the Distinction Between the Ashes of the Various Tobaccos, about it. This expertise was used in his cases such as A Study in Scarlet, The Boscombe Valley Mystery and The Hound of the Baskervilles. This is often used as an example of deduction or the Baconian method in philosophical accounts of science and reasoning.
# Charles A. Towne

Charles Arnette Towne (November 21, 1858 – October 22, 1928) was an American lawyer and politician who served in both houses of Congress. He represented Minnesota in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897 and in the U.S. Senate from 1900 to 1901. He also represented New York in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1905 to 1907. He was the last Democrat senator from Minnesota, before the state's Democratic Party merged with the Farmer-Labor Party to form the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.

## Early life

Charles Arnette Towne was born on November 21, 1858, near Pontiac, Michigan. He graduated from the University of Michigan. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1885.

## Career

Towne began practicing law in Marquette, Michigan, in 1886. He moved to Duluth, Minnesota, in 1890.

### Congress

Towne served in the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota as a Republican in the 54th congress. Towne also served in the United States Senate in the 56th congress, from Minnesota as a Democrat following the death of Cushman K. Davis.
Towne was appointed to the Senate by Governor John Lind to fill the vacancy, and served from December 5, 1900, to January 28, 1901, when the elected replacement took office. Towne represented Minnesota in the House from March 4, 1895, to March 3, 1897.
He switched parties in 1896 due to the free silver movement. He ran for re-election in 1896 as an Independent and lost.

## Later career

In 1900, he declined the nomination for Vice President on the People's Party ticket.
Towne moved to New York City in 1901. He worked for the law firm Towne and Spellman at 115 Broadway in New York City.

### Return to Congress

He was elected as a Democrat and served as a U.S. Representative in the 59th congress for the state of New York from March 4, 1905, to March 3, 1907. He was counsel to the emperor of Korea in 1907.

### Arguments before Supreme Court

In December 1915, he and Benjamin F. Spellman represented L. Lawrence Weber as the appellant before the Supreme Court of the United States in the Weber v. Freed case concerning boxing match film distribution. The appeal was denied.

## Personal life

Towne married Maude Irene Wiley of Lansing, Michigan, on April 20, 1887.
Towne lived at 790 Riverside Drive when he lived in New York City. Towne traveled to Tucson, Arizona, following an attack of bronchitis in October 1920. He did not move there until 1926.
He lived at the Santa Rita hotel, moved to the Desert Sanitorium and later moved into a home near Tucson.

### Death and burial

Towne died of pneumonia in Tucson on October 22, 1928. He became ill while on tour speaking for Al Smith in Huron, South Dakota. Following hospitalization at Southern Methodist Hospital in Tucson, he died. He was buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Tucson.
# Josef Dessauer

Josef Dessauer (28 May 1798 in Prague – 8 July 1876 in Mödling, near Vienna), was a composer from the Austrian Empire who wrote many popular songs, and also some less successful operas.

## Life

Dessauer was born into a wealthy Jewish family, and studied piano in Prague with Bedřich Diviš Weber and composition with Wenzel Tomaschek. Dessauer began as a song composer, but later began composing operas, of which very few were performed.
In 1821 he settled in Vienna, from which he made many European tours. He was a friend of many composers of his time, such as Gioachino Rossini, Franz Schubert, Hector Berlioz, Felix Mendelssohn, Franz Liszt and Frédéric Chopin, who dedicated some pieces to him. He was also a friend of George Sand.

## Operas

* Lidwinna (1836)
* Ein Besuch in Saint-Cyr (1838)
* Paquita (1851)
* Domingo (1860)
* Oberon (which was never performed)

## Songs

* "Verschwiegenheit"
* "Das Gebet"
* "Wie Glücklich"
* "Am Strande"
* "Ich Denke Dein"
* "Das Zerbrochene Ringlein"
# SS Wisła (1928)

SS Wisła was 5.070 DWT bulk carrier that was built in 1928 by Craig, Taylor & Co. Ltd. shipyard, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom for the Polish ship-owner "Żegluga Polska". She was serving for Polish shipowner as a bulk carrier until 1961 and then as a lighter. In December 1975 she was towed to Belgium to be scrapped.
In late September 1943, Wisła was involved in picking up the survivors of the U-boat attack on Convoys ONS 18/ON 202.
# Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States

Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States, 487 F.2d 1345 (Ct. Cl. 1973), was an important intellectual property decision by the federal Court of Claims, later affirmed by a per curiam opinion from an evenly divided United States Supreme Court, with only eight justices voting (Harry Blackmun took no part in the decision of this case). The decision held that it was a fair use for libraries to photocopy articles for use by patrons engaged in scientific research.
This decision, written by Judge Oscar Davis, has been cited as part of the trend in which the courts will take a cautious approach to intellectual property issues raised by the advent of new technology. Rather than enforce the rights of the author articles by placing a prohibition on such copying, the Court in this case held that this was not prohibited by the law as written, leaving it to the United States Congress to address the issue through legislation.
In particular, according to David L. Lange (No Law), the case was a turning point for the doctrine of fair use: while for many decades the standards applied by courts to enforce copyright (or not) had been "arcana", the 1976 Copyright Act codified some fundamental criteria.