OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spontin Castle

Spontin Castle (French: Château de Spontin) is a medieval castle in the village of Spontin in the municipality of Yvoir, province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. It has massive walls, its towers topped with slate and a moat with drawbridge.

## History

Spontin was built in a bend of the Bocq, whose water flows around the castle along some cascading waterfalls
The castle belonged to the noble family of Beaufort (named after a castle near Huy). Between 1266 and 1284, Pierre de Beaufort built the main tower which is the core of the castle. In 1288, his son William (Guillaume), nicknamed the "Ardennes", participated in the Battle of Woeringen. For his bravery in battle, in which Henry VII of Luxembourg was defeated, he was rewarded with the fiefdom of Spontin. From that time, the lords of the castle Spontin constantly added various outbuildings up to the 16th century when it gained its present form.
Spontin Castle was on a 'dangerous' place in the border region between the County of Namur and the Principality of Liège, and although it was assaulted by armies from Liege, Dinant, Burgundy, and France, it was never taken.
From the late sixteenth century, the fortifications became redundant and unnecessary, the castle is transformed into a residence by the drilling of windows and is accented with red bricks and roofs pepper. The last two transformations are the construction of a fortified farm beyond the moat (1622) and demolition of the rear part of the fortifications. In the parade, decorated with an elegant frame of wrought iron sink Van Boeckel (nineteenth century), featuring former dungeon. The rooms of the old house, with huge walls, chimneys, and Gothic woodwork Louis XIII, the sandstone paving, constrastent by their austerity with the apartments, and there is a well carved into a wall. The southern part has been decorated in the nineteenth century in the Gothic Revival. Currently, the castle is closed to the public, this is private property.
After the fall of the Ancien Régime, the castle was owned by a number of people, until eventually it was purchased by SA Société du Château de Spontin, which entrusted the management of the association Les Cimaises the Spontin. Due to mismanagement of previous owners, the castle is now in a precarious state of neglect.
# Mordella palmae

Mordella palmae is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was described in 1876.
# Purity spiral

A purity spiral is a theory which argues for the existence of a form of groupthink in which it becomes more beneficial to hold certain views than to not hold them, and more extreme views are rewarded while expressing doubt, nuance, or moderation is punished (a process sometimes called "moral outbidding"). It is argued that this feedback loop leads to members competing to demonstrate the zealotry or purity of their views.
A purity spiral is argued to occur when a community's primary focus becomes implementing a single value that has no upper limit, and where that value does not have an agreed interpretation.
   One aspect that stands out in all purity spirals is the vanity of small differences, and the punishing of people for the most minor transgressions.

## History

The term purity spiral was coined in one of the first systematic sociological accounts of victimhood culture, The Rise of Victimhood Culture: Microaggressions, Safe Spaces, and the New Culture Wars, where it is described as a form of infighting among both activists and members of victim groups.
In a 2020 BBC documentary about purity spirals, British journalist Gavin Haynes said that purity spirals punish people for "the most minor transgressions," and noted that they make it socially unacceptable to express a preference contrary to the group's. Turkish-American academic Timur Kuran described this phenomenon in his 1995 book Private Truth, Public Lies, calling it preference falsification, and further noted the lack of incentives and systems to disrupt purity spirals, pointing out that even a small amount of opposition or doubt can lead to a greater wave of questioning within the group. French philosopher René Girard also described many of the principles of the purity spiral, including mimetic rivalry and the scapegoat mechanism, in his 1972 book Violence and the Sacred.

## Notable examples

Some examples of settings, groups, and eras where purity spirals have occurred:
* The Khmer Rouge
* The Cultural Revolution, Mao's Red Guard and mass denunciations
* The French revolution
* Instagram knitting circles
* Stalin's Show Trials - demonstration of increasingly extreme loyalty tests are required to maintain normalcy.
* Madkhalism
* Trumpism
# China Hainan Sports Lottery–Yindongli

China Yindonli–Wildto Cycling Team was a Chinese UCI Continental cycling team established in 2013.

## 2016 Team roster

    As of December 2016.
| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Cao Bo (CHN) | Cao Bo (CHN) | (1992-05-14)14 May 1992 (aged 24) |
| Gao Peng (CHN) | Gao Peng (CHN) | (1993-12-31)31 December 1993 (aged 23) |
| Li Guanghui (CHN) | Li Guanghui (CHN) | (1995-11-04)4 November 1995 (aged 21) |
| Li Jiamin (CHN) | Li Jiamin (CHN) | (1993-01-07)7 January 1993 (aged 23) |
| Li Jinsong (CHN) | Li Jinsong (CHN) | (1997-04-26)26 April 1997 (aged 19) |
| | Rider | Date of birth |
| Liu Jiankun (CHN) | Liu Jiankun (CHN) | (1995-06-21)21 June 1995 (aged 21) |
| Liu Ye (CHN) | Liu Ye (CHN) | (1995-08-18)18 August 1995 (aged 21) |
| Niu Yikui (CHN) | Niu Yikui (CHN) | (1994-08-02)2 August 1994 (aged 22) |
| Song Anping (CHN) | Song Anping (CHN) | (1995-05-07)7 May 1995 (aged 21) |
| Yan Zhipeng (CHN) | Yan Zhipeng (CHN) | (1995-07-09)9 July 1995 (aged 21) |
# Gilles Thomas

Éliane Taïeb (December 7, 1929 – September 3, 1985), née Grimaître, was a French science fiction writer who published under the pen names Gilles Thomas and Julia Verlanger.
# New Nissan Stadium

New Nissan Stadium is a domed American football stadium under construction in Nashville, Tennessee, for use by the Tennessee Titans, succeeding the current Nissan Stadium beginning in 2027.
The 60,000-seat stadium is projected to cost $2.1 billion, $1.26 billion of which is subsidized by the public. It is the largest stadium subsidy in U.S. history.
It is to be built adjacent to Nissan Stadium, which will be demolished following the completion of the new stadium. The stadium will be designed by Manica Architecture who previously designed Allegiant Stadium, NRG Stadium and Wembley Stadium.

## History
### Background

Nissan Stadium, an open-air concrete-and-steel stadium which seats 69,000, has served as the home venue for the Tennessee Titans since its opening in 1999. The city hired an independent group, Venue Solutions Group (VSG), to conduct a thorough assessment of the current stadium’s condition and the cost of maintaining it for the remainder of the lease, which ends in 2039. VSG outlined a preliminary report showing it would cost the city between $1.75 and 1.95 billion to renovate Nissan Stadium as a "first class condition" facility.

### Planning and construction

The $2.1 billion needed to fund the new stadium will come from a variety of sources:
* $840 million from the team
* $500 million from the state of Tennessee
* $760 million from revenue bonds issued by the Metro Sports Authority to be repaid via personal-seat license sales and taxes collected at the stadium and additional money from a new 1% hotel/motel tax.
The 1.7-million-square-foot proposed stadium would be a dome, have a seating capacity of 55,000-60,000, have approximately 170 luxury suites and an artificial turf field. The Titans would sign a 30-year lease to play in the stadium.
The financing program was confirmed by a 26-11 vote on April 25, 2023. Construction began in 2024 and opening day is set for 2027.
The route of the IndyCar Series Music City Grand Prix was originally planned to be changed during the new stadium's construction period. However, on February 14, 2024, it was announced that the race would be moved to nearby Nashville Superspeedway.
# Haniwa Warrior in Keiko Armor

The Haniwa Warrior in "Keiko"' Armor (Japanese: 埴輪武装男子立像; Romaji: Haniwa busō danshi ritsuzō) is a 6th century haniwa sculpture of an armored warrior. Discovered in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, it is deemed a significant icon of Kofun period art, and a National Treasure. It is currently held by the Tokyo National Museum under ownership of the National Institutes for Cultural Heritage.

## History

The Haniwa, sometimes designed as Haniwa Warrior was discovered in excavations at Iizuka-cho, Ōta, Gunma, formerly Kugo Village, Nitta County. Initially designated Important Cultural Property on 2 February 1958, it was subsequently upgraded to National Treasure in 8 June 1974 under designation No.00035. It is designated as J-36697 in the collection of the Tokyo National Museum. Subsequently the Haniwa has been portrayed on postage stamps, textbooks, and pop culture.
The sculpture subsequently saw conservation work from March 2017 to June 2019 with grants from the Bank of America. Conservation work revealed that the Haniwa was once painted in white, red and gray.
From 16 October 2024 to 8 December 2024, the Tokyo National Museum commemorated its 50th anniversary as National Treasure with a special exhibit dedicated to Kofun art, displayed along with the Haniwa Terracotta Dancers and the Todaijiyama Sword.

## Description

Standing at 130.5 cm, the haniwa wears a short-sleeve body armor, portrayed as iron plates laced together. Armor is skirt-like (keiko) which protects the thighs. It wears visorless-helmet (shôkakutsuki), depicted as metal, riveted together. The ear flaps are supposed to depict padded fabric or leather, tied together around the head and neck.
The armor has padded shoulder guards and the warrior is armed with a thick sword, a bow, and a quiver. Its left hand is wrapped in protective gear, and the quiver holds five arrows, head pointing upwards. Overall, the warrior is depicted as fully equipped, with the finer details meticulously rendered.
The haniwa's face is mask-like, with narrow slits for eyes, a protruding nose, and a slit for the mouth.
While this haniwa was the only type designated a National Treasure until 2020 (given to the Keiko-armored Haniwa from the Watanuki Kannonyama Kofun), there are six total Haniwa Warriors of this type known to exist, all found and excavated within Ota City, Gunma, indicating they were made in the same pottery studio.
Only one warrior exist outside of Japan, at the Seattle Art Museum. Excavated in Gunma in the 1930s, it was subsequently acquired by the museum via art dealer Mayuyama and Co. Ltd. in January 1962.

### Additional Complete Haniwa Warriors

* Serada Tomb No. 37, Serada-cho, Gunma Prefectrue, Tenri University (Important Cultural Property)
* Ota City, Gunma, Aikawa Archaeological Museum (Important Cultural Property)
* Ota City, Gunma Prefecture, Seattle Art Museum, Washington

## See Also

* List of National Treasures of Japan (archaeological materials)
# Lolavirus

Lolavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Alphaflexiviridae. Plants, specifically ryegrass, serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Lolium latent virus (Lolavirus latenslolii).

## Structure

Viruses in Lolavirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 13 nm, with a length of 640 nm. Genomes are linear, around 7.6kb in length, with five open reading frames that encode the replication-associated protein, the movement-associated triple gene block proteins, and the coat protein (which is cleaved into two parts weighing about 28 and 33 kDa). The genome codes for 6 proteins.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Lolavirus | Filamentous | | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tripartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Lolavirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
# Mordella parva

Mordella parva is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1895.
# Meera Krishna

Meera Krishna is an Indian actress known for her work in Malayalam and Tamil television soap operas in lead and supporting roles.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
| 2003 | Margam | Prakrithi | Malayalam | Debut film |
| 2004 | Manjupoloru Penkutti | Anitha Panicker | Malayalam | |

## Television Serials

| Year | Serial | Role | Language | Channel | Notes |
| 2004–2005 | Koodum Thedi | | Malayalam | Asianet | |
| 2004–2005 | Sthreehridayam | Indhubala | Malayalam | Surya TV | |
| 2004 | Veendum Jwalayayi | | Malayalam | DD Malayalam | |
| 2005 | Maraviyude Manam | | Malayalam | Amrita TV | Telefilm |
| 2005–2006 | Mukham Ariyathe Katha Ariyathe | | Malayalam | Amrita TV | |
| 2007 | Daya | Sethulakshmi | Malayalam | Kairali TV | |
| 2007 | Prayanam | Devayani | Malayalam | DD Malayalam | Telefilm |
| 2008 | St. Antony | Pennamma | Malayalam | Surya TV | |
| 2009 | Aagneyam | Prakruthi | Malayalam | DD Malayalam | Kerala State Television Award for Best Actress |
| 2011 | Devimahathmyam | | Malayalam | Asianet | |
| 2012–2013 | Akashadoothu | Krishna | Malayalam | Surya TV | |
| 2012–2013 | Pokkisham | Kanmani | Tamil | Kalaignar TV | |
| 2015–2017 | Moonumani | Seetha Balachandran | Malayalam | Flowers TV | Replaced by Seena Antony |
| 2018–2020 | Nayagi | Vasanthi | Tamil | Sun TV | |
| 2019 | Arundhati | Eshwari | Tamil | Sun TV | |
| 2020–2021 | Anbudan Kushi | Madhuri Aditya Lal | Tamil | Star Vijay | |
| 2021 | Rettai Roja | Seetha and Lakshmi | Tamil | Zee Tamil | Dual Role; Replaced by Seetha Anil |
| 2020–2022 | Chithi 2 | Malliga | Tamil | Sun TV | Replaced Sirisha Sougandh |
| 2021–2024 | Thamizhum Saraswathiyum | Kodhainayagi Natesan | Tamil | Star Vijay | |
| 2021 | Pandian Stores | Kodhainayagi Natesan | Tamil | Star Vijay | Mahasangamam with Thamizhum Saraswathiyum |
| 2022–2024 | Maari | Devi | Tamil | Zee Tamil | Extended Special Appearance |
| 2022– present | Karthigai Deepam | Abhirami Nachiyaar | Tamil | Zee Tamil | |
| 2024– present | Kanmani Anbudan | Sivagami | Tamil | Star Vijay | |
| 2024– present | Meenu's Kitchen | Parvathy | Malayalam | Mazhavil Manorama | |
| 2025 | Ponni | Ponni's mother and Sivagami | Tamil | Star Vijay | Dual role; Mahasangamam with Kanmani Anbudan |

## Awards

* 2003 : Kerala State Film Award – Special Jury Award - Margam
* 2010: Kerala State Television Award for Best Actress -Agneyam
* 2019:Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal - Best Mother - Nayagi
* 2022:Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal- Best Villi- Chithi 2
* 2023: Zee Kudumbam Awards-Best Mamiyar - Karthigai deepam
* 2024:Ananda Vikatan TV awards - Best Mamiyar - Karthigai deepam
* 2024: Zee Kudumbam Awards-Best Amma - Karthigai deepam
# Uhangri Formation

The Uhangri Formation (Korean: 우항리층; Hanja: 牛項里層; RR: Uhangni-cheung), located at the Haenam, Jeollanam-do, South Korea is a non-marine geological formation known with epiclastic fluvio-lacustrine sequence with minor volcaniclastics. Ichnofossils are found in the upper part of the Uhangri Formation, and they are associated with ripple marks, indicating the part of the formation was the shallow lake margin.

## Fossil contents
### Ichnofossils

Pterosaur, dinosaur, and bird tracks are preserved in situ, nearby the Haenam Uhangri Dinosaur Museum. Unnamed tracks of theropods, sauropods and ornithopods are known from the Uhangri Formation. Star-shaped dinosaur trackway with an unknown trackmaker has been discovered and described. It is unsure whether it represents manus-only trackway made by a sauropod trackmaker during swimming, or undertracks made by an ornithopod trackmaker.
Ichnofossils of the Uhangri Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Description |
| Haenamichnus | H. uhangriensis | Site P2 | Pes size 350mm, consistent with gigantic azhdarchid pterosaurs. Pad impressions present on pes. |
| Haenamichnus | H. isp. | Site P1, Site P4 and Site P9 | Pes size 200-220mm, consistent with azhdarchid pterosaurs wingspan of 5-6m. Length of the trackway from Site P9 is 7.3 meters long, representing the longest pterosaur trackway. |
| Hwangsanipes | H. choughi | | Ornithuromorph bird tracks with webbings. |
| Uhangrichnus | U. chuni | | Ornithuromorph bird tracks without webbings. |
| Caririchnium | C. isp. | | Ornithopod tracks |
| Lithographus | L. hieroglypichus | | Arthropod tracks, associated with burrows and a resting trace. Possibly made by Dragonfly nymphs. |

### Ostracods

Ostracods of the Uhangri Formation :
| Genus | Species |
| Cypridea | C. sp. |
| Candona | C. sp. |
| Eucythere | E. sp. |

### Paleoflora

Plants of the Uhangri Formation :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Description | Images |
| Cupressinoxylon | C. uhangriense | | | |
| Taxodioxylon | T. cf. nihongii | | | |
# Chebeague Island Ferry

The Chebeague Island Ferry (also known as the CTC Ferry) is a passenger ferry which runs between Chebeague Island and Cousins Island in Maine, United States. Operated by the Chebeague Transportation Company (CTC), the route was formally established in 1975, although boats have carried passengers between the two islands since the late 1950s. Around 120,000 passengers make the crossing on the ferry each year.
The first ferry, a wooden vessel named the Polly-Lin II, was able to carry 23 passengers. It was replaced two years later by the larger Big Squaw. The Islander was purpose-built, and was launched in 1985. It was in service for thirty years and, as of 2023, is the back-up vessel.
The 54-foot (16 m) Independence, was introduced in 2019.
A CTC-owned barge, for carrying cars, trucks and large equipment, is moored off Chebeague Island.

## Schedule

The ferry runs seven days a week, albeit with a curtailed schedule on Sundays, from 6:30 AM to 9:30 PM (10:30 PM on Friday and Saturday). It departs Chebeague Island's Stone Wharf for the Cousins Island Wharf. The crossing takes around fifteen minutes.
A bus is available to bring passengers from a satellite parking lot on U.S. Route 1 in Cumberland Foreside.

## Construction

The vessel was built by Washburn & Doughty Associates in East Boothbay, Maine.

## Gallery

* The Independence berthed at Stone Wharf on Chebeague Island in 2024
* Construction plate aboard the vessel
* The Islander and barge moored off Chebeague Island in 2024
# Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi

Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi (Arabic: ابو سعید مبارك المخزومي), known also as Mubarak bin Ali Makhzoomi and Abu Saeed and Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak (rarely known as Qazi Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak al-Mukharrimi) was a Sufi saint as well as a Muslim mystic and Traditionalist. He was an Islamic theologian and a Hanbali jurist based in Baghdad, Iraq. Abu Saeed was his patronym.

## Biography

Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi was born in Hankar (the land of his Murshid) on 12th Rajab 403 Hijri but spent most of his life in Makhzum, a small town in Baghdad. He established Baab-ul-Azj, the famous madrasa of Baghdad whom he later handed over to his disciple and khalifah, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani. Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi was also appointed as the chief justice but he preferred to renounce the worldly life. Thereafter he led his life as a mystic and devoted his time to the dhikr of Allah. He died on 11th Rabī’ al-Thānī 513 Hijri and was buried in Baab-ul-Azj, Baghdad.

## Sufi tradition

Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi was a renowned Imam of Fiqh in his era. He followed the Hanbali school of thought. He was the Murshid and most proficient spiritual guide of Shaikh Abdul Qadir jilani amongst teachers. He often said:
“I invested Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani with a robe khirqa and he invested me too with a robe. We attained blessings from each other.”

### Spiritual lineage

The lineage of Faqr reaches Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi from Muhammad in the following order:
* Mohammad
* 'Alī bin Abī Ṭālib
* al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī
* Habib al Ajami
* Dawud Tai
* Maruf Karkhi
* Sirri Saqti
* Junaid Baghdadi, founder of the Junaidia order
* Abu Bakr Shibli
* Abdul Aziz bin Hars bin Asad Yemeni Tamimi
* Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi
* Mohammad Yousaf Abu al-Farah Tartusi
* Abu-al-Hassan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hankari
* Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi conferred khilafat upon Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani who continued the order by renaming it as Qadri order.

## Titles

1. QIBLA-E-SAALIKA (Destination of Wayfarers).
2. JAAMI ULOOM-E-MARIFAT (Collector of Gnosis of Allah).
# Gökhan Gül

Gökhan Gül (born 17 July 1998) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or centre-back for Kasımpaşa.

## Club career

Gül left Fortuna Düsseldorf upon the expiration of his contract on 24 May 2021.

## International career

Gül was born in Germany and is of Turkish descent. He is a youth international for Germany, having played up to the Germany U-20s.

## Career statistics

    As of 22 August 2018
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| VfL Bochum | 2014–15 | 2. Bundesliga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| VfL Bochum | 2015–16 | 2. Bundesliga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| VfL Bochum | 2016–17 | 2. Bundesliga | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| VfL Bochum | Total | Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf | 2016–17 | 2. Bundesliga | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf II | 2016–17 | Regionalliga West | 9 | 1 | – | – | 9 | 1 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf II | 2017–18 | Regionalliga West | 15 | 2 | – | – | 15 | 2 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf II | 2018–19 | Regionalliga West | 3 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf II | Total | Total | 27 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 30 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 3 |

## Honours

Individual
* Fritz Walter Medal U19 Bronze: 2017
# Gelin

A Gelin (Turkish for bride) simply means "bride" in Turkish. While there is folklore of a type of female ghost which also happened to have been a bride, associated with some local legend of tragedy, the term itself does not inherently mean a ghost (or banshee); such definition would be an incorrect translation of the word. It has been suggested that the family name "Gelin" was bestowed due to the beauty and popularity of the family's brides.
The Turkish word Gelinler (plural) translates in English to "the Gelins" or "the brides".