OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kačamak

Kačamak is a kind of maize porridge made in parts of Western Asia and Southeastern Europe. Its name is derived from the Turkish word kaçamak, meaning escapade.

## History

The dish is made of cornmeal. Potatoes, milk, white cheese or kaymak are sometimes added. Similar to the Abkhazian abısta, Adyghe mamıs, Italian polenta and Romanian mămăligă, it is prepared by boiling cornmeal and then mashing it while the pot is still on the stove. It was once regarded as a poor man's food, but now is widely eaten, including in restaurants.

## Serving

In Bulgaria, it is traditionally served with heated lard or sunflower oil with small amounts of browned paprika or hot pepper. Often cracklings or sirene are added.
In Montenegro, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina kačamak is also prepared with crushed potatoes and cheese until a thick mass is formed.
In Central Serbia, it is prepared with finer grains of white cornmeal, served with white cheese and kajmak. It is usually served with minced meat roasted in butter, boiled grape juice, milk, plain yogurt, honey, sour cream, or sometimes with bacon.

## Gallery

* Kačamak with cheese
* Kačamak served with cheese and bacon
# Kaluza–Klein–Riemann curvature tensor

In Kaluza–Klein theory, a unification of general relativity and electromagnetism, the five-fimensional Kaluza–Klein–Riemann curvature tensor (or Kaluza–Klein–Riemann–Christoffel curvature tensor) is the generalization of the four-dimensional Riemann curvature tensor (or Riemann–Christoffel curvature tensor). Its contraction with itself is the Kaluza–Klein–Ricci tensor, a generalization of the Ricci tensor. Its contraction with the Kaluza–Klein metric is the Kaluza–Klein–Ricci scalar, a generalization of the Ricci scalar.
The Kaluza–Klein–Riemann curvature tensor, Kaluza–Klein–Ricci tensor and scalar are namend after Theodor Kaluza, Oskar Klein, Bernhard Riemann and Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro.

## Definition

Let ${\widetilde {g}}_{ab}$ be the Kaluza–Klein metric and ${\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ab}^{c}$ be the Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbols. The Kaluza–Klein–Riemann curvature tensor is given by:
    ${\widetilde {R}}_{acb}^{d}:=\partial _{c}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ab}^{d}-\partial _{b}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ac}^{d}+{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ce}^{d}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ab}^{e}-{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{be}^{d}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ac}^{e}.$
The Kaluza–Klein–Ricci tensor and scalar are given by:
    ${\widetilde {R}}_{ab}:={\widetilde {R}}_{acb}^{c}=\partial _{c}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ab}^{c}-\partial _{b}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ac}^{c}+{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{cd}^{c}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ab}^{d}-{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{bd}^{c}{\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ac}^{d},$
    ${\widetilde {R}}:={\widetilde {g}}^{ab}{\widetilde {R}}_{ab}.$

## Literature

* Overduin, J. M.; Wesson, P. S. (1997). "Kaluza–Klein Gravity". Physics Reports. 283 (5): 303–378. arXiv:gr-qc/9805018. Bibcode:1997PhR...283..303O. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(96)00046-4. S2CID 119087814.
# Elsa Jernås

Elsa Oskaria Jernås Bacarisas (10 September 1895 - December 1979) was a Swedish graphic artist, painter and costume designer born in Masthuggs Parish, Gothenburg. She was married to Gibraltarian painter Gustavo Bacarisa.
She was born in Gothenburg on 10 September 1895 to Gustaf Oskar Jernås (then Johansson) and Ida Dahlström. Jernås studied art at Gothenburg's School of Design and Crafts and after her studies was active as a costume designer at various theaters in Gothenburg and Stockholm, including at the Royal Swedish Opera, where she met her future husband in connection with the 1922 staging of Carmen.
After their marriage, the couple moved to Spain, settling in Madrid in 1933. In 1936, as a result of the Spanish Civil War they moved to Gibraltar. During World War II, they spent several years in Funchal, Madeira (1940––1945), finally settling in Seville in 1947. With reference to her work there, the Andalucian specialist Jose de las Cuevas was quoted by Jose Riquelme Sanchez in the magazine Almoraima as having commented: "Elsa... dibujaba burillos deliciosas" (Elsa drew wonderful engravings).
Jernås held a solo exhibition of about fifty works in Barcelona in 1926. Her art consists of landscapes from Sweden and Spain depicted in charcoal drawings, oils, watercolors and lithographs.
# Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts

Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, 388 U.S. 130 (1967), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court establishing the standard of First Amendment protection against defamation claims brought by private individuals.

## Background

The case involved a libel lawsuit filed by the former Georgia Bulldogs football coach Wally Butts against The Saturday Evening Post. The lawsuit arose from an article in the magazine, which alleged that Butts, still Georgia's athletic director following his resignation as coach after the 1960 season, and the Alabama head coach Bear Bryant had conspired to fix games, specifically the 1962 season opener between the Bulldogs and Crimson Tide, which Alabama won 35-0. The Butts suit was consolidated with another case, Associated Press v. Walker, and both cases were decided in one opinion.
In finding for Butts but against Walker, the Supreme Court gave some indications of when a "public figure" could sue for libel.

## Decision

In a plurality opinion, written by Justice John Marshall Harlan II, the Supreme Court held that news organizations were protected from liability when they print allegations about public officials. However, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court decided that news organizations are still liable to public figures if the published information is created with actual malice.
The Court ultimately ruled in favor of Butts, and The Saturday Evening Post was ordered to pay $3.06 million to Butts in damages, which was later reduced on appeal to $460,000.
The settlement was seen as a contributing factor in the demise of The Saturday Evening Post and its parent corporation, the Curtis Publishing Company, two years later. Butts and Bryant had sued for $10 million each. Bryant settled for $360,000.
# De Sylva v. Ballentine

De Sylva v. Ballentine, 351 U.S. 570 (1956), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held after the death of an author, the widow and children are eligible to renew copyright, equally as a class. Additionally, conditional on state laws, illegitimate children are also eligible for a share of the copyright.
This extension to children and widows was not considered retroactive by courts, however. In Easton v. Universal Pictures Co., 288 N.Y.S. 2d 776 (1968), a 1951 document assigning control of a copyright from the author's family after his death was invalidated because "they had, in fact, as the law then appeared to be, nothing to assign." Another limitation to this new right of inheritance was that the family would not be eligible to renew the copyright if it had been passed permanently to another party, which was in line with Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons.
# Hazelwood

Hazelwood or Hazlewood may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Hazelwood, Victoria, an area in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria; now known as Churchill
* Hazelwood Power Station, in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria
* Hazelwood North, a town in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria
* Hazelwood, Victoria, also known as Hazelwood Pondage, an artificial lake in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria
* Hazelwood Park, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide
** Hazelwood Park, Adelaide

### Canada

* Rural Municipality of Hazelwood No. 94, Saskatchewan, a rural municipality

### England

* Hazelwood, Derbyshire (also spelt Hazlewood)
* Hazelwood, Devon, the location of the Blackdown Rings earthworks
* Hazelwood, London, in the London Borough of Bromley
* Hazlewood, North Yorkshire
** Hazlewood Castle, North Yorkshire
** Hazlewood with Storiths, North Yorkshire
* Hazlewood, Suffolk

### Ireland

* Hazelwood, County Sligo
** Hazelwood House, Sligo, an 18th century mansion

### South Africa

* Hazelwood, Pretoria, a suburb of Pretoria, Gauteng Province

### United States

* Hazelwood, Indiana
* Hazelwood, Louisville, Kentucky
* Hazelwood Plantation, Laurel Hill, listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
* Hazelwood (Upper Marlboro, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Maryland
* Hazelwood, Missouri
** Hazelwood School District
*** Hazelwood School District v. United States, 1977 Supreme Court case
*** Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988 Supreme Court case
* Hazelwood, North Carolina
* Hazelwood (Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania
* Hazelwood, Portland, Oregon
* Hazelwood (Port Royal, Virginia), listed on the NRHP in Virginia
* Hazelwood (Green Bay, Wisconsin), listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin

## People with the surname

* Ali Hazelwood, Italian neuroscientist and writer
* Charles Hazlewood (born 1966), British conductor
* Donald Hazlewood (1930–2025), Australian violinist and choir master
* Elizabeth Haselwood (c. 1644–1715) English silversmith
* John Hasilwood (died 1544), English politician
* John Hazelwood (1726–1800), American naval officer
* John A. Hazelwood (1869–1923), American politician
* Joseph Hazelwood (1946–2022), the captain of the Exxon Valdez during its 1989 oil spill
* Josh Hazlewood (born 1991), Australian cricketer
* Lee Hazlewood (1929–2007), American singer
* Mike Hazlewood (1941–2001), English singer, songwriter, composer
* Mike Hazelwood (born 1958), English water skier
* Patsy Hazlewood (born 1949), American politician
* Rex Hazlewood (1903—1985), British Scouting Official
* Rex Hazlewood, Australian architect
* Rex Hazlewood (photographer) [Wikidata], Australian photographer
* Roy Hazelwood (1938–2016), FBI profiler
* Will Hazlewood (born 1971), British Anglican bishop

## Other uses

* Hazelwood (rugby ground), a sports venue in Sunbury-on-Thames, England
* Hazelwood School, Limpsfield, Surrey, England
* Hazelwood School, Birmingham, England
* USS Hazelwood (DD-531)
* USS Hazelwood (DD-107)
* Hazel wood, from the hazel tree
* "The Hazelwood", a song by Patrick Wolf; see Tristan (song)
* Hazlewoods Limited, British bicycle manufacturer
* Hazelwood massacre, 1971 Detroit mass murder
# Linkletter v. Walker

Linkletter v. Walker, 381 U.S. 618 (1965), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Constitution neither prohibits nor requires that new interpretations of constitutional criminal rights have retrospective effect.
# 1986 Oya by-election

The 1986 Oya by-election was a by-election that was held on 1-2 July 1986 for the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly seat of Oya. It was called following the resignation of its assemblyman Salleh Jafaruddin on 14th April 1986. Salleh won the seat on two previous general election on Barisan Nasional ticket.
Wan Mahdzar of Barisan Nasional won the seat against now Independent candidate Salleh Jafaruddin with a majority of 1,755 votes.The seat have 8,537 registered voters.

## Nomination

On nomination day, now Independent candidate Salleh Jafaruddin and Wan Mahdzar of Barisan Nasional registered as the candidate. Salleh Jafarudin is a former Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu vice president and backed by Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, forth Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak. The by-election were seen as proxy war between Abdul Rahman and Sarawak Barisan Nasional chairman, Abdul Taib Mahmud. Both candidate is cousin.
# NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., Inc.

NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., Inc., 395 U.S. 575 (1969) was a unanimous United States Supreme Court case clarifying the application of the National Labor Relations Act after the Taft-Hartley Amendments, particularly the application of union authorization cards.
The Taft-Hartley Amendments repealed the provision of the National Labor Relations Act that allowed the NLRB to certify unions without an election. In the Joy Silk decision, the NLRB announced that it would order employers to recognize and bargain with unions if the general counsel established that the union represented a majority of workers in the appropriate bargaining unit, the union request recognition, the employer denied the request for recognition and lacked good faith doubt of the union's majority status, and the employer tried to disrupt the union's majority status by committing unfair labor practices. This doctrine provided a strong incentive for employers to avoid committing unfair labor practices during organizing campaigns.
After the Court abandoned Joy Silk, it announced its new doctrine in Gissel, which hinges on whether employer unfair labor practices make a fair election unlikely or impossible, a more speculative test than the Joy Silk doctrine. First, the Court upheld the board's authority to remedy an employer's unfair labor practices by ordering the employer to recognize and bargain with a union based solely on authorization cards from a majority of employees. So-called "Gissel" orders are issued when the atmosphere has been so tainted by an employer's unfair labor practices that a fair rerun election is unlikely. Second, the Court held that the NLRB retains the authority to force an employer to bargain with the union even when the union no longer possesses a majority of employees at the time of the bargaining order.
Since the decision in Gissel, Federal Circuit Courts have added additional burdens on the NLRB's authority to issue Gissel orders.
# United States v. Loew's Inc.

United States v. Loew's Inc., 371 U.S. 38 (1962), was an antitrust case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that block booking of movies—the offer of only a combined assortment of movies to an exhibitor—violates the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Besides its legal consequences, the court's decision affected economic theory, explaining product bundling as a form of price discrimination.
# Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley

Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley, 366 U.S. 582 (1961), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that blue laws, which prohibited most businesses from operating on Sundays, did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause nor the First Amendment's Establishment Clause. It is considered a companion case to Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Massachusetts, Inc., McGowan v. Maryland, and Braunfeld v. Brown.

## Background

Two Guys was a discount department store which operated a location in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. Paul McGinley was the District Attorney of Lehigh County.

### Laws

The laws in question were a statute from 1939 and a supplementary statute from 1959. The 1939 statute prohibited "all worldly employment, business and sports" on Sundays, with some exceptions.
# United States v. Robel

United States v. Robel, 389 U.S. 258 (1967), was a case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States. The court ruled that the United States government cannot deprive the people of constitutional rights - in this case, freedom of association - even in the interests of national security.
The petitioner, Eugene Frank Robel, who worked at Todd Shipyards in Seattle, was indicted on May 21, 1963, for being a member of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) and thus affiliated with it, without being registered with the Subversive Activities Control Board in violation of the McCarran Internal Security Act section 5 (a) (I) (D). Since the act required CPUSA to register as a Communist Party, he was told because of his affiliation with the Party, he also had to register as well, and that he could no longer work at the shipyard because of his affiliation with the Communist Party; Todd Shipyards had been designated a "defense" facility, otherwise known as federal employment, which was illegal under the McCarran Act. Robel appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court.
The Court found the McCarran Internal Security Act violates the defendant's right to free association that is guaranteed by the First Amendment.
# Dagmar Herzog

Dagmar Herzog (born 1961) is Distinguished Professor of History and the Daniel Rose Faculty Scholar at the Graduate Center, City University of New York.
Herzog has published extensively on the histories of sexuality and gender, psychoanalysis and Freud, theology and religion, disability, eugenics, Jewish-Christian relations and Holocaust memory.
Her most recent books include Unlearning Eugenics: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Disability in Post-Nazi Europe; Cold War Freud: Psychoanalysis in an Age of Catastrophes; Sex after Fascism: Memory and Morality in Twentieth-Century Germany; and Sex in Crisis: The New Sexual Revolution and the Future of American Politics.
Herzog graduated summa cum laude from Duke University. She received her Ph.D. from Brown University. Before going to the Graduate Center in 2005, Herzog taught at Michigan State, was a Mellon Fellow at Harvard and a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. In 2012, she won a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship for her work in Intellectual and Cultural History.
She is the daughter of the renowned scholar Frederick Herzog, who was a theology professor at Duke.
# Nydia Pereyra-Lizaso

Nydia Pereyra-Lizaso (12 May 1920 – 2 November 1998) was a Uruguayan composer, pianist, and music educator.

## Life

Nydia was born in Rocha, Uruguay in 1920. She studied music with Dolores Bell and Carmen Barrera at the Conservatory of Teresiano in Rocha, and in Montevideo with Wilhelm Kolischer for piano, Tomás Mujica for counterpoint and fugue and Enrique Casal-Chapí for composition. After completing her studies, she worked as a composer and taught music at the Kolischer Conservatory and at the Institute of Musical Education.
Pereyra-Lizaso's works have been performed internationally. Her Four miniatures for violin and viola won the chamber music award at GEDOK in Mannheim, 1966. She also won the Casa de Teatro stage music award in 1959, 1964, 1966, 1967 and 1978 for incidental music in plays performed by the Comedia Nacional de Montevideo. She has published a number of pedagogical works written for children. Pereyra-Lizaso died in November 1998 at the age of 78.

## Works

Pereyra-Lizaso composes mainly for chamber ensemble and vocal performance. Selected works include:
* Sarabande for piano
* Divertimento for strings
* Adagio and Allegro, clarinet, pianoforte, 1958
* Allegro and Andante, bass clarinet, pianoforte, 1965
* Four miniatures, violin, viola, clarinet, 1966
* Song about Juan Ramon Gimenez, violin, pianoforte, 1954
* 2 Songs (text C. Gómez Martínez), violin, pianoforte 1956
* 3 Songs (text E. de Cáceres), vocal or choir, 1956
* 6 Songs (text R.M. Rilke ), Mezzo-soprano, pianoforte, 1959
* 3 Songs (E. de Cáceres), Soprano, pianoforte, 1967
* Pianoforte Sonata no.1, 1955
* Sonata no. 2, 1958
* Sonatina, 1967
* 3 pieces for children, 1967
* Sonatina in G, 1963
* 2 miniatures, 1968
# Opuntia humifusa

Opuntia humifusa, commonly known as the devil's-tongue, eastern prickly pear or Indian/Pakistani fig, is a cactus of the genus Opuntia present in parts of the eastern United States and northeastern Mexico.

## Description

As is the case in other Opuntia species, the green stems of this low-growing perennial cactus are flattened, and are formed of segments. Barbed bristles are found around the surfaces of the segments, and longer spines are sometimes present. The flowers are yellow to gold in color, and are found along the margins of mature segments. The flowers are waxy and sometimes have red centers. They measure 4–6 cm (1+5⁄8–2+3⁄8 in) across. This cactus blooms in the late spring.
The juicy red or purple fruits measure from 3–5 cm (1+1⁄8–2 in). As the fruit matures, it changes color from green to red, and often remains on the cactus until the following spring. There are 6 to 33 small, flat, light-colored seeds in each fruit.

## Taxonomy

Some botanists treat this cactus as a variety of O. compressa: hence O. c. var. humifusa, or a synonym of O. compressa. Those recognizing this species treat O. rafinesquii as a junior synonym.

## Distribution

This species naturally occurs along the East Coast of the United States, including on barrier islands from the Florida Keys to coastal Massachusetts. Eastern prickly pear is found in scattered locations from New Mexico and Montana eastward, and is one of two cactus species native to the eastern United States, along with the related O. cespitosa. Since eastern prickly pear grows in hot, sunny locations with thin soil that does not hold water, it is found in shale barrens, which are accumulations of thin, flat, eroded sedimentary rock on steep slopes with southern exposures – essentially a desert microclimate – in the Appalachian Mountains.

## Habitat

This plant is very intolerant of shade and instead thrives in sunny, hot and dry environments with well-draining, sandy soil. O. humifusa will grow in open areas in sandy, rocky and coastal scrub habits. It is capable of surviving cool winters unlike many cacti, although harsh winter storms are known to cause habitat loss.

## Uses

The fruits are edible, but have small spiny bristles. The pulp can be scooped and the seeds strained out to make syrup or jelly. The seeds can be briefly roasted and ground into meal. Young cactus segments can be roasted to remove spines, then peeled and sliced to be eaten like string beans; alternatively, they can be deep fried. The leafy segments can be peeled and chewed for emergency hydration.
Opuntia humifusa has also provided traditional medicine uses in Indian, American, Mexican, and Korean cultures. The stem produces an extract that is high in concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids. It has also been found that Opuntia humifusa has been associated with endophytic fungi.

## Gallery

* Fruit in South Carolina
* Growing wild in coastal habitat, Milford Connecticut
* Growing wild in northern Illinois (partial shade)
* Close-up of yellow barbed bristles and longer spines
* Seedling; notice the larger spines
* Flowers
# Marshall Wells

Marshall Wells (February 20, 1912 – June 16, 1972) was an American college football and college basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Millikin College in Decatur, Illinois from 1940 to 1941 and again from 1946 to 1957, compiling a record of 18–13–1. Wells was also a faculty member and head basketball coach at Millikin.

## Playing career

Wells played college football at the University of Minnesota for the Golden Gophers from 1930 to 1933. He played under the tutelage of two head coaches: Fritz Crisler, who had a 7–3 record his in 1931, his last year at Minnesota, and Bernie Bierman, who led the team to a share of the Big Ten Conference title in 1933.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Sioux Falls Braves (South Dakota Intercollegiate Conference) (1934) ||||||
| 1934 | Sioux Falls | 6–2 | 5–2 | 3rd |
| Sioux Falls: | Sioux Falls: | 6–2 | 5–2 | |
| Millikin Big Blue (Illinois College Conference) (1940–1941) ||||||
| 1940 | Millikin | 5–3 | 4–2 | T–3rd |
| 1941 | Millikin | 8–0 | 6–0 | 1st |
| Millikin Big Blue (College Conference of Illinois) (1946–1947) ||||||
| 1946 | Millikin | 2–6 | 1–3 | 6th |
| 1947 | Millikin | 3–4–1 | 2–2–1 | T–5th |
| Millikin: | Millikin: | 18–13–1 | 13–7–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 24–15–1 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||