OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Effie Hinckley Ober Kline

Effie Hinckley Ober Kline (1843 – February 15, 1927) was an American opera manager and booking agent. She founded the Boston Ideal Opera Company (later known as "The Bostonians") in 1879.

## Early life

Effie Hinckley Ober was born in Sedgwick, Maine, and brought up in Blue Hill, the daughter of Samuel Ober and Mary Peters Hinckley Ober. Through her mother she was descended from Joseph Wood, co-founder of Blue Hill, and was herself a co-founder of Blue Hill's summer colony.

## Career

Ober was a secretary at a lecture bureau in Boston as a young woman. In time, she owned a theatrical agency, the Roberts Lyceum Bureau. She founded the Boston Ideal Opera Company (later known as "The Bostonians") in 1879, with Adelaide Phillipps and Myron W. Whitney among the cast members. Her company presented American operettas, popular operas such as The Bohemian Girl and The Marriage of Figaro, and the Gilbert and Sullivan favorite H.M.S. Pinafore.
Ober traveled with the company as its manager until she resigned in 1885. "For five years I have given my undivided attention to the affairs of the company, and I can assure you that the work is of the most wearing character," she explained. "I will retire from the field entirely satisfied with the result." Journalist Nellie Bly called Effie Ober "A Plucky Woman" in an 1885 profile. The company continued after her tenure. In 1887 she assisted her old company in resolving an internal dispute: "Miss Ober is here to give us her advice as to our course next season."
Kline later served on the Board of Managers of Cleveland's Lakeside Hospital, and chaired the board's library committee.

## Personal life

Effie H. Ober married Cleveland-based lawyer Virgil P. Kline, the father of suffragist Minerva Kline Brooks, in 1888. Her husband was personal attorney of John D. Rockefeller, and worked for Standard Oil Company for many years, before he died in 1917. She died in 1927, in Boston; her grave is with her husband's, in Cleveland.
Effie Ober Kline's scrapbooks are preserved at Parker House, a historical site in Blue Hill, Maine. Another of her homes in Maine is now known as Barncastle, and houses a restaurant and inn.
# Rex Chikoko

Rex Chikoko is a Malawian investigative journalist, media, corporate communication consultant and media analyst.
He is currently a freelance journalist and communication consultant. Previously, he worked as Public Relations and Communications Manager for the government-owned National Oil Company of Malawi. He was the Editor at Times Group Limited, responsible for The Daily Times, Malawi News and The Sunday Times.
He is known for his work at Nation Publications Limited and the Thomson Reuters Foundation. He is known for his coverage of illicit transfers of money and money laundering. His coverage of the 2013 cashgate scandals involving Malawian government financial irregularities and fraud were widely published. He was also known for uncovering a story in which the Malawi government’s deal with a Brazilian mining company, Vale for the construction of a railway was unproductive for Malawi.
He is also known for his television and radio commentary current affairs that was regularly featured on Times Television as well as Times radio. He also hosted a television programme, The Constitution.ently

## Background

He attended an Illicit Finance Journalism Program at City University London. He was affiliated with the Mail and Guardian Centre for Investigative Journalism (MGCIJ) in Johannesburg. He developed an interest in investigative journalism after attending training workshops in Malawi and South Africa. He served as Chairperson of the Association for Journalists Against HIV/AIDS.

## Awards

In 2016, Chikoko won Misa-Malawi's Business and Economics Journalist of the Year-Print award. In 2018, Chikoko won Misa-Malawi's Democracy and Good Governance Journalist of the year-Print award.
# Slider (sandwich)

A slider is an American term for a small sandwich, typically around 2 inches (5 cm) across, made with a bun or dinner roll. Sliders can be served as hors d'oeuvres, snacks, or entrées. They have become a popular game day appetizer in the United States.

## History

The name "slider" is believed to have been first used to describe the onion-steamed small burgers at White Castle restaurants. The term has since been picked up by other restaurants, usually to describe a small hamburger, but sometimes used to describe any small sandwich made with a slider bun. White Castle later trademarked the spelling variant "Slyder" and used it between 1985 and 2009.
* Cheeseburger sliders
* Chicken sliders

## Etymology

The etymology of the term "slider" is uncertain. Food historian George Motz has cited two competing origin stories for the term:
   There are two stories about the history of the word 'slider,' both from White Castle. One is that they’re so small they slide down your throat—that’s the obvious choice. The other choice, which I like better, is that in the old days, White Castle was sort of like a show. You’d walk in and there would be two or three men behind the counter in white paper caps and clean white aprons on. They’d greet you when you came in, it was sort of a fun, happy environment. And if you were sitting at the counter, they would make your burger – everything was served on porcelain – and they would slide the burger down the counter to you. That’s how they became known as sliders. White Castle likes both stories; they haven’t picked a favorite.
# Frank Bursley Taylor

Frank Bursley Taylor (1860–1938) was an American geologist.

## Biography

Frank Bursley Taylor was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana on November 23, 1860, the son of a lawyer. He married Minnetta Amelia Ketchum on April 24, 1899.
After dropping out of Harvard, his private studies were financed in large part by his wealthy father. He became a specialist in the glacial geology of the Great Lakes, and proposed to the Geological Society of America on December 29, 1908 that the continents moved on the Earth's surface, that a shallow region in the Atlantic marks where Africa and South America were once joined, and that the collisions of continents could uplift mountains. His ideas were based on his studies on mountain ranges as the Andes, Rockies, Alps and Himalayas, concluding that these mountains could have been formed only as a result of titanic lateral pressures that thrust the earth's surface upward.
His theory was either ignored or opposed by other scientists of his time. He wrote a total ten papers on the subject of continental drift Taylor's ideas about continental drift were independently discovered by Alfred Wegener in Germany three years later, in January 1912, and the theory of continental drift is historically often referred to as the "Taylor-Wegener hypothesis," although Taylor himself disapproved of the hyphenated name. But even with Wegener's extensive extra research the idea did not achieve acceptance until the 1960s when a vast weight of evidence had accrued via Harry Hess, Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews.
In a later paper he proposed that this occurred by their being dragged towards the equator by tidal forces during the hypothesized capture of the moon, resulting in "general crustal creep" toward the equator. The initial key to his proposal, the complementary shapes of the continental masses, had been observed as early as the 16th century by Abraham Ortelius, but had lacked a credible driving force. His own proposition was that the moon was captured by the Earth's gravity during the Cretaceous period 100 million years ago, and came so close to the earth that its tidal pull dragged the continents toward the Equator. This lacked evidence, thus undermining the credibility of the continental drift observation. He had proposed that the continents ploughed through the ocean floors towards the equator, wrinkling their Equator-facing fronts to produce the Himalayas and Alps. Although his proposed mechanism was wrong, he was the first to come to the insight that one of the effects of continental motion would be the formation of mountains due to the collision of continental plates.
Taylor died from coronary thrombosis at his home in Fort Wayne on June 12, 1938.
# Ritu Kala Samskaram

Ritu Kala Samskaram, or Ritushuddhi, is a female coming-of-age ritual in South Indian Hindu traditions. The ritual is performed when a girl wears a langa voni for the first time. The event is also known as Langa Voni (Telugu: లంగా ఓణి), Pavadai Dhavani (Tamil: பாவாடை தாவணி), and Langa Davani (Kannada: ಲಂಗ ದಾವಣಿ). It is also referred to as a Half-sari function.
The ritushuddhi marks a transition out of childhood.

## Ritual

The ritu kala samskaram is a rite of passage for women. The ceremony, which is customary in South India, occurs after menarche.
This milestone is observed by family and friends with gifts. It normally takes place at the girl's home. She receives half-saris, which she wears until she is married, when she wears a full sari.
During the first part of the ceremony, the girl wears a langa voni, or half sari. Her maternal uncle then gifts her her first sari, which she wears during the second half of the ceremony. This marks her transition into womanhood. The tradition of presenting a langa voni begins with the girl's namakaran, or naming ceremony, and her annaprashana, or first rice-feeding ceremony. She receives her final langa voni at the ritu kala samskaram.

## Related traditions

Tuloni biya (transl. small wedding), also referred to as Xoru Biya, Nua-tuloni, and Santi Biya, is a traditional Assamese Hindu ceremony that marks the attainment of puberty in girls and celebrates the girl's transition from childhood to womanhood.
# Central Laborers' Pension Fund v. Heinz

Central Laborers' Pension Fund v. Heinz, 541 U.S. 739 (2004), is a case that was argued in the Supreme Court of the United States on 19 April 2004. The question it presented was whether Section 204(g) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act contradicts Section 203(a)(3)(B).
# Ministry of Education, Heritage and Arts (Fiji)

The Ministry of Education, Heritage and Arts is the ministry of Fiji responsible for overseeing Fiji's education system. The current Minister for Education is Viliame Gavoka, who was appointed to the position in January 23rd 2024

## Responsibilities

The Ministry is tasked to conduct and deliver education services to all Fijian students. The Ministry has numerous responsibilities - advising the government, providing administrative and management support, enacting policies and acts, and providing learning resources such as text books. The Ministry is also tasked to make and distribute external exams to schools all over the country.
Besides the government providing free education to primary and secondary school students, they also provide free text books and free bus fare initiatives.

## Ministers

| Minister | Title |
| Hon. Premila Kumar | Minister for Education, Heritage and Arts |
| Hon. Joseph Nitya Nand | Assistant Minister for Education, Heritage and Arts |
| Angeela Jokhan | Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Education, Heritage and Arts |
# Yamas (Israel Border Police unit)

Yamas (Hebrew: יחידת המסתערבים, Yehidat HaMista'arvim) is an Israeli Border Police tactical unit. It conducts covert and special operations, counter-terrorism, irregular warfare, and high-risk arrest and search warrants. The unit works in coordination with the Shin Bet and Israel Defense Forces. It uses Arab disguises to infiltrate and conduct missions in Arab territories. The unit's sniper teams have won numerous awards and are considered among the best in Israel.
# Yamamotoyama (company)

Yamamotoyama (Japanese: 山本山) is a Japanese tea and seaweed manufacturer which traces its company's roots to 1690, claiming to be the oldest tea company in the world. The company began as a tea shop in Nihonbashi, and pioneered the production of gyokuro green tea in 1835. Yamamotoyama expanded to the U.S. in 1975.
# Weisswurst

Weißwurst , literally 'white sausage'; Bavarian: Weißwuascht) is a traditional Bavarian sausage made from minced veal and pork fatback. It is usually flavored with parsley, lemon, mace, onions, ginger and cardamom, although there are some variations. Then the mixture is stuffed into pork casings and separated into individual sausages measuring about 10 to 12 centimetres (3+7⁄8–4+3⁄4 inches) in length and 3–4 cm (1+1⁄8–1+5⁄8 in) in thickness.
As they are not smoked or otherwise preserved they are very perishable. Weißwürste were traditionally manufactured early in the morning and prepared and eaten as a snack between breakfast and lunch. There is a saying that the sausages should not be allowed to hear the noon chime of the church bells. Even today, most Bavarians never eat Weißwürste after lunchtime (though it is perfectly acceptable to have a lunch consisting of Weißwürste).
The sausages are heated in water—well short of boiling—for about ten minutes, which will turn them greyish-white because no colour-preserving nitrite is used in Weißwurst preparation.
Weißwürste are brought to the table in a big bowl together with the hot water used for preparation (so they do not cool down too much), then eaten without their skins. Ways of eating Weißwurst include the traditional way, called zuzeln (Bavarian for sucking), in which each end of the sausage is cut or bitten open, after which the meat is sucked out from the skin. Alternatively, the more popular and more discreet ways of consuming it are by cutting the sausage lengthwise and then "rolling out" the meat from the skin with a fork, or also to open it on one end and consume it very much like a banana, ever opening the peel further and dipping the sausage into the mustard.
Weißwurst is commonly served with a Bavarian sweet mustard (Süßer Senf) and accompanied by Brezn (Bavarian pretzel—often spelled Brezeln outside Bavaria) and Weißbier.
Weißwurst, whose consumption traditionally is associated with Bavaria, helped in the coining of a humorous term, Weißwurstäquator (literally, 'white-sausage-equator'), that delineates a cultural boundary separating other linguistic and cultural areas from Southern Germany.
# Order of Lutheran Franciscans

The Order of Lutheran Franciscans (OLF) is a religious order affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), founded in 2011 by the Rev. Chris Markert.
The Order is open to members of ELCA Lutheran congregations, married or single, lay or ordained, who vow to live according to "the spirit and practice" of the Evangelical Counsels of Poverty, Chastity and Obedience, as interpreted by the Order. Individuals become members through a period of formation which includes postulancy, the novitiate, and ultimately, life profession. The Order also has an associate designation, called Friends of the Order.
The mission of the Order is to "passionately follow Jesus, rebuilding his Church, living lives of mutual care and accountability in harmony with the creeds and confessions of the Lutheran Church and both in the spirit and practice of the Evangelical Counsels, faithfully following the simple way of Saint Francis of Assisi.
The Order of Lutheran Franciscans is part of the larger family of Franciscans, ecumenical in its endeavors, seeking to work with other Franciscans in the rebuilding of Christ's Church, care of creation, and justice for the poor and marginalized.
In 2023, upon the vote of the ELCA Church Council, the Order of Lutheran Franciscans became a formal Independent Lutheran Organization (ILO) of the ELCA, making it the first official Lutheran religious order of a major denomination in North America.
# Coinbase, Inc. v. Suski

Coinbase, Inc. v. Suski, 602 U.S. ___ (2024), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that where one contract between parties sends disputes to arbitration and another contract sends disputes to courts, a court must decide which contract governs.
# Tom O'Reilly (Cavan politician)

Thomas P. O'Reilly (6 August 1915 – 12 February 1995) was an Irish Gaelic footballer, politician and farmer from County Cavan. He was born at the Derries Upper, Killeshandra, County Cavan. His father was John O'Reilly, who played as goalkeeper on the Cavan county team and his mother was Sarah Anne.

## Gaelic footballer

O'Reilly played for Cornafean and the Cavan county team from the early 1930s until the mid-1940s, and was acclaimed as one of the country's greatest midfielders for much of that period. His footballing ability and his large build earned him the name "Big Tom". His brother John Joe O'Reilly was also a noted Cavan footballer.
He first played for Cornafean on the club's junior team which progressed to the Junior Championship semi-final in 1931. Although only sixteen years old, he quickly made a big impression and was at centrefield a year later on the senior team which defeated Bailieboro in the county final. He continued to star as a midfielder for Cornafean until he retired in 1948. He won a total of nine Cavan Senior Football Championship medals and captained Cornafean on seven of those occasions.
However, it was to be his contribution to the Cavan county team that earned him enduring national renown. A star for the county minors and juniors in 1932, he made his debut for the Cavan seniors a year later, and played a key role at midfield when Cavan defeated Galway in the 1933 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final. He won a second All Ireland medal two years later and played on the losing Cavan teams in the 1937, 1943 and 1945 finals. He captained the county side from 1937 to 1945 and was still on the Cavan panel when they won the famous 1947 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final at the Polo Grounds in New York. He was also a regular on the Ulster teams for the Railway Cup in 1940s.

## Politics

O'Reilly was elected to Dáil Éireann as an Independent Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cavan constituency at the 1944 general election. He stood as a Fine Gael candidate at the 1948 general election, but was defeated by another independent candidate, and did not stand for the Dáil again.
In later life, he was a successful businessman.
# João Oliveira Pinto

João Manuel de Oliveira Pinto (3 August 1971 – 8 February 2024) was a Portuguese footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

## Club career

Pinto was born in Lisbon. Having been brought up at Sporting CP, he achieved Primeira Liga totals of 155 games and six goals over nine seasons, with Vitória de Guimarães, G.D. Estoril Praia, Gil Vicente FC, S.C. Braga, S.C. Farense and C.S. Marítimo.
In summer 2001, aged 30, Pinto signed for Segunda Liga club Académica de Coimbra, helping to win promotion in his only season. He then moved to the lower leagues, seeing out his career in 2010 following spells with G.D. Sesimbra and G.D. Alfarim.

## International career

Pinto earned 61 caps for Portugal at youth level, scoring 12 times. He was part of the under-20 squad that won the 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship in Portugal, contributing three appearances to this feat; additionally, he finished second in the 1994 edition of the UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
After retiring, Pinto worked with the Portuguese Football Federation in directorial capacities.

## Death

Pinto died from leukemia on 8 February 2024, aged 52.
# Siege of Mosul (1743)

The siege of Mosul was the siege of the city of Mosul in northern Iraq by Nader Shah's army during the Persian invasion of the Ottoman Empire in 1743.

## Commencement of the siege

The Persian siege train had been much improved and augmented since Nader's earlier campaigns as a Safavid general and included hundreds of heavy cannon and mortars. Bridges were built above and below the city. Once they were in position, the Persian gunners bombarded Mosul for eight days, the mortars starting fires and doing terrible damage in the interior of the city. Inhabitants of the city composed of natives and refugees, Muslims, Christians and Yazidis all of them joined enthusiastically in defending the city. Artillery fire eventually succeeded in damaging a tower and making a breach. But the defenders, inspired by their commander, worked frantically and succeeded in repairing the damage. Persians also started digging mines under the walls of the city but those operations led to little success. A further major assault was carried out, by thousands of soldiers, carrying 1,700 scaling-ladders. The assault failed and Nader lost over 5,000 men. Persians tried at this stage to open negotiations, but the Ottoman commander was defiant and the defenders did their best to make the interior of the city look as normal as possible to Nader’s messengers, so that when he asked them for their impressions of the state of the city and the will of its people to resist, the answers were disappointing. Nader asked the Ottoman side to present peace proposals, and they agreed. The Persians later complimented the defenders of Mosul on their bravery.

## Conclusion

Maslawi force raised, organized and led by Hussein Pasha al-Jalili defeated the invasion of the Persian army of Nadir Shah. The event has been labeled as one of the most important events in 18th Century Middle Eastern history, not only due to its status as the only retreat suffered by the great Persian conqueror at the hands of his Ottoman adversaries, but as a defeat inflicted not by an Ottoman imperial army commanded by an Ottoman general, but by provincial forces. The Persian army lifted the siege of Mosul, although the siege of Basra in the south continued nonetheless. Hussein Pasha al-Jalili's success in repelling Nadir Shah’s forces in 1743 helped lead to the end of the Shah's initiative to conquer Iraq. The peace treaty was negotiated and signed by both parties. However, Mahmud I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, later reneged on the terms of agreement and resumed hostilities. Consequently, Nader besieged Kars and shortly thereafter destroyed the Ottoman army at the Battle of Kars in 1745.
# Darby v. Cisneros

Darby v. Cisneros, 509 U.S. 137 (1993), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that federal courts cannot require that a plaintiff exhaust his administrative remedies before seeking judicial review when exhaustion of remedies is not required by either administrative rules or statute.

## Facts of the case

R. Gordon Darby, a real estate developer in South Carolina, was banned from participating in Department of Housing and Urban Development programs for 18 months. He and others filed in federal court even though they had not exhausted the internal HUD review process. Henry Cisneros, as HUD Secretary, was the respondent.
# BDC Marcpol

BDC Marcpol was a Polish UCI Continental cycling team.

## Major wins
### 2011

    Overall Dookoła Mazowsza, Robert Radosz

### 2012

    Puchar Ministra Obrony Narodowej, Damian Walczak

### 2013

    Overall Memoriał Andrzeja Trochanowskiego, Konrad Dąbkowski
    Overall Dookoła Mazowsza, Marcin Sapa

### 2014

    Overall Memoriał Andrzeja Trochanowskiego, Kamil Gradek
    Visegrad 4 Bicycle Race-GP Slovakia, Paweł Bernas
    Visegrad 4 Bicycle Race-GP Hungary, Paweł Bernas
    Overall Tour de Serbie, Jarosław Kowalczyk
       Stage 2, Jarosław Kowalczyk
    Memorial im. J. Grundmanna J. Wizowskiego, Błażej Janiaczyk
    Stage 2 Course de la Solidarité Olympique, Kamil Gradek
    Stage 6 Dookoła Mazowsza, Eryk Laton
    Overall Tour of China I, Kamil Gradek
       Stage 1, Paweł Bernas
       Stage 3, Kamil Gradek
# Coping Mechanisms

Coping Mechanism(s) may refer to:
* Coping Mechanism (album)
* Coping Mechanisms (Si Schroeder album)
* Coping Mechanisms (Tayla Parx album)
* Coping mechanisms