OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hermann Dostal

Hermann Dostal (1874 in Mährisch-Ostrau (today Moravská Ostrava) – 20 December 1930 in Vienna) was an Austrian composer and arranger.
As the son of a military musician, he was himself the military Kapellmeister of Austrian-Hungarian infantry regiments in Hungary, Slovakia and South Moravia. He served in various military bands of the Danube Monarchy, among others with Franz Lehár, whose successor he became in 1904 with the infantry regiment no. 26. Hermann Dostal was the uncle of the composer Nico Dostal. His grave is in the Vienna Central Cemetery.

## Works

* Eine göttliche Nacht (1910), musical burlesque, 1 act, Julius Wilhelm
* Das geborgte Schloß (1911), operette, 3 acts, Karl Lindau/Georg Verö
* Der fliegende Rittmeister. (1912), operette, 1 act (including the famous Fliegermarsch [de]), Bela Jenbach/Leo Stein
* Urschula (1916), musical farce, 3 acts, Bela Jenbach/Julius Wilhelm
* Nimm mich mit! (1919), operette, 3 acts, Heinrich von Waldberg/Alfred Maria Willner (über 150 Aufführungen)
* Graf Sandor, 3 acts, Leopold Krenn/Karl Lindau
# Master of Theology

Master of Theology (Latin: Theologiae Magister, abbreviated M.Th., Th.M., Th. M. or M.Theol.) is a post-graduate degree offered by universities, divinity schools, and seminaries. It can serve as a transition degree for entrance into a PhD program or as a stand-alone terminal degree depending on one's particular educational background and institution of study. In North America, the Th.M. typically requires at least three years of prerequisite graduate study for entrance into the program, typically a Master of Divinity or equivalent.

## Coursework

The Master of Theology often includes one or two years of specialized advanced and/or doctoral-level studies in theological research (e.g., counseling, church history, systematic theology) or biblical studies (e.g., New Testament, Old Testament, biblical translation). Depending on the institution, it may or may not require comprehensive examinations and a research thesis, but is required to produce "learning outcomes that demonstrate advanced competency in one area or discipline of theological study and capacity to conduct original research in that area." Owing to the advanced nature of Th.M. studies, biblical language training is usually an admissions prerequisite and some programs include additional research language training in German, French, Latin, or an ancient Hebrew cognate (e.g., Akkadian, Ugaritic).

## North America

In North America, the Association of Theological Schools requires a Master of Theology, or the equivalent Master of Sacred Theology, to be the minimum educational credential for teaching theological subjects in its accredited seminaries and graduate schools. The Association of Theological Schools classifies both degrees as "Advanced Programs Oriented Toward Theological Research and Teaching." Most Th.M. programs in the U.S. require a Master of Divinity or its educational equivalent as an academic prerequisite.
The Master of Theology often functions as a terminal level degree, dependent upon one's particular educational route or institution of study. Some institutions award a Master of Theology en route to a Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Theology.

## International

The international M.Th. degree is generally an entry-level masters degree, roughly equivalent to an American M.A., while in the U.S., the Th.M. is an advanced or terminal master's degree beyond the M.Div. These may be generally distinguished through the abbreviation M.Th. for the international degree and Th.M. for the U.S. iteration. There are some U.S. institutions which offer a M.Th. that is akin to the international M.Th. and is the basically the equivalent of an M.A. or an M.T.S., however, these typically use the abbreviation M.Th.
# Qanun (law)

Qanun is an Arabic term that refers to laws established by Muslim sovereigns, especially the body of administrative, economic and criminal law promulgated by Ottoman sultans. It is used to contrast with sharia, the body of law elaborated by Muslim jurists. It is thus frequently translated as "dynastic law."

## History

The idea of qanun entered the Muslim World in the thirteenth century, borrowed from the Mongol Empire following their invasions. The 10th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman was known in the Ottoman Empire as Suleiman Kanuni ("the Lawgiver"), due to the laws he promulgated.
After the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258, a practice known to the Turks and Mongols transformed itself into Qanun, which gave power to caliphs, governors, and sultans alike to "make their own regulations for activities not addressed by sharia". This became increasingly important as the Middle East modernized, addressing problems of a modern state, which were not covered by sharia. The Qanun began to unfold as early as Umar I (586–644 CE). Many of the regulations covered by Qanun were based on financial matters or tax systems adapted through the law and regulations of territories Islam had conquered.
Kanun took on significant importance during the period of modernization in the Ottoman Empire. Kanun and sharia did not contradict each other concerning administrative matters and so kanun was assimilated easily into Ottoman regulatory functions. Kanun promulgated by Ottoman sultans was used for financial and penal law. Under Sultan Mehmed II (1451–1481), the kanun continued to be strictly applied for those practices. However, the influence of Abu ʾl-Suʿūd, the grand mufti of Istanbul from 1545 to 1574, kanun was expanded to deal with matters concerning property rights. Previously, property rights had been exclusively under the jurisdiction of sharia. Despite that seeming contradiction, skillful bureaucrats allowed kanun and sharia to coexist harmoniously. The kanun retained its relevance in the Middle East regarding civil, commercial, administrative and penal laws. It influences the ways that sharia is reproduced.

## Etymology

The term ḳānūn derives itself from the Greek word κανών. Originally having the less abstract meaning of "any straight rod," it later referred to any "measure or rule" in Greek Derived at the end from the Akkadian word Qanûm 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝.The word was then translated into and adopted by Arabic after the Ottoman Empire's conquest of Egypt under Sultan Selim I (ca. 1516). In the Ottoman Empire, the term still carried the word's original meanings of a system of tax regulation. However, it later came to also refer to "code of regulations" or "state law," a well-defined secular distinction to "Muslim law," known as sharia.
# 1945 USC Trojans football team

The 1945 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1945 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Jeff Cravath, the Trojans compiled a 7–4 record (5–1 against conference opponents), won the Pacific Coast Conference championship, lost to Alabama in the 1946 Rose Bowl, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 205 to 150.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 21 | | at UCLA | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA (Victory Bell) | W 13–6 | 81,000 |
| September 29 | | at California | | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | W 13–2 | 52,000 |
| October 6 | 2:30 p.m. | Saint Mary's Pre-Flight* | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 26–14 | 25,000 |
| October 13 | | at San Diego NTS* | No. 6 | San Diego, CA | L 6–33 | 6,000 |
| October 20 | | Pacific (CA)* | No. 14 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 52–0 | 10,000 |
| October 27 | | at Washington | No. 20 | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA | L 7–13 | 40,000 |
| November 3 | | No. 8 Saint Mary's* | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 0–26 | 76,378 |
| November 10 | | California | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 14–0 | 35,000 |
| November 24 | | Oregon State | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 34–7 | 30,000 |
| December 1 | | UCLA | No. 16 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 26–15 | 103,000 |
| January 1, 1946 | | vs. No. 3 Alabama* | No. 11 | Rose BowlPasadena, CA (Rose Bowl) | L 14–34 | 93,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Pacific time ||||||||

## Rankings

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking — = Not ranked ( ) = First-place votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| AP | 6 (1) | 14 | 20 | — | — | — | — | 16 | 11 |
# Betty Holzendorf

Betty Smith Holzendorf (April 5, 1939 – February 29, 2024) served in the Florida Senate (1992–2002) and was selected as Democratic Leader Pro Tempore in 1998. She served four years in the Florida House of Representatives and 10 years in the Florida Senate.

## Life and career

Holzendorf was born in Jacksonville on April 5, 1939. She graduated from Edward Waters College and the University of North Florida, both in Jacksonville. She married King Holzendorf who served as a city councilman in Jacksonville.
In the 1960s she was an administrative aide to mayor Jake Godbold.
Holzendorf was defeated in 2003 in a race for the Mayor of Jacksonville. The Jacksonville Daily Record interviewed her during her mayoral campaign.
Holzendorf died on February 29, 2024, at the age of 84. Betty Holzendorf Drive In Jacksonville is named in her honor.
# Ruel Perley Smith

Ruel Perley Smith (1869–1937) was a novelist and newspaper editor best known for the Rival Camper series of boys' books, published by L.C. Page & Co. of Boston in the first decade of the 20th century. Born in Bangor, Maine, Smith made his career as a newspaper reporter in New York, eventually becoming Night City Editor (and Sunday Editor) of New York World in the 1920s.
The Rival Camper series of boys' books was set in Smith's native Maine. It included The Rival Campers, or, The Adventures of Henry Burns (1905); The Rival Campers Afloat, or, The Prize Yacht Viking (1906); The Rival Campers Ashore, or, The Mystery of the Mill (1907); and Jack Harvey's Adventures, or, The Rival Campers Among the Oyster Pirates (1908). The series ended in the second decade of the twentieth century. When Smith again tried his hand at a novel, in the early 1920s, it was aimed at an adult audience. Prisoners of Fortune: A Tale of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Boston: L.C. Page, 1924) was actually a pirate story with Massachusetts as only one location.
Smith was married to Ellen Cyr Smith (Ellen M. Cyr) (d. 1920), author of the widely used Cyr's Readers series for elementary school children. His sister, Helena Wood Smith, was a painter and a member of the artists' colony at Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, where in 1914 she was murdered by her lover, the Japanese photographer George Kotani.
# Lockhart v. United States (2016)

Lockhart v. United States, 577 U.S. 347 (2016), is a United States Supreme Court decision concerning the interpretation of a federal statute. 18 U.S.C. § 2252(b)(2) states that a defendant convicted of possessing child pornography is subject to a mandatory 10 year minimum prison sentence if they have "a prior conviction...under the laws of any State relating to aggravated sexual abuse, sexual abuse, or abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward." Avondale Lockhart, convicted of possession of child pornography, had a prior conviction for sexual abuse of his 53-year-old girlfriend under New York State law. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison under § 2252(b)(2). He appealed claiming that the qualifier "involving a minor or ward" applies to the whole series, making his prior conviction not trigger the sentence enhancement. In a 6-2 decision, the Supreme Court held that the phrase only modifies the final item in the series, upholding the 10 year minimum sentence imposed on Lockhart.
# Otto Küsel

Otto Küsel (born 16 May 1909 in Berlin; died 17 November 1984) is considered to be an example of a prisoner functionary in Nazi concentration camp, who used his position in favour of other prisoners.

## Detention in German concentration camps

Küsel was arrested because of offences against property. On 20 May 1940 he came from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp to Auschwitz I in a group of 30 criminal prisoners. His prison number was number 2.
As a prisoner functionary, he was responsible to coordinate the work of the prisoners and used his position to help them, for instance by assigning good labour details to weaker prisoners.
On the afternoon of 29 December 1942, Küsel escaped together with the Polish prisoners, Jan Baraś Komski, Mieczysław Januszewski and Bolesław Kuczbara.
Küsel was arrested in Warsaw and sent back to Auschwitz in September 1943. He was kept in isolation until November and released to the main camp in November during an amnesty related to the taking of office of the new commander Arthur Liebehenschel. On 9 November 1944 Küsel was sent to Flossenbürg.

## After the war

Küsel was among the 211 survivors of Auschwitz testifying in the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials. After the war, he worked as a commercial traveller. Küsel died in Oberviechtach, Bavaria, on 17 November 1984.

## Literature

* Bernacka, Monika: Otto Küsel- Green Triangle. On the 100th Anniversary of his Birth: In: Oś—Oświęcim, People, History, Culture magazine, no. 5, May 2009, S. 8-9. (Digitalisat, englisch) Archived 2011-05-21 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2010-04-29.
* Czech, Danuta, Kalendarium der Ereignisse im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau 1939-1945, 1. Aufl., 1989. Quoted after the Italian translation by Gianluca Picchinini (digitalized, Italian)
* Dregger, Sebastian: Die Rolle der Funktionshäftlinge im Vernichtungslager Auschwitz – und das Beispiel Otto Küsels., in: Aventinus. Die Historische Internetzeitschrift von Studenten für Studenten, Ausgabe 04 - Wintersemester 07/08
# José Ingenieros

José Ingenieros (born Giuseppe Ingegnieri, April 24, 1877 – October 31, 1925) was an Argentine physician, pharmacist, positivist philosopher and essayist.
He was born in Palermo (Italy), and graduated from the University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine in 1900. Ingenieros was philosophically influenced by Herbert Spencer and Auguste Comte, and wrote a very important philosophical and social work, "El hombre mediocre" (The Mediocre Man), in 1913. Ingenieros founded the Buenos Aires Institute of Criminology in 1907 and the Argentine Psychological Society in 1908; he was elected President of the Argentine Medical Association in 1909.
Ingenieros married Eva Rutenberg, in Lausanne, in 1914. Appointed Assistant Dean of the School of Philosophy and Letters of his alma mater, he played a prominent role in the landmark University reform in Argentina, in 1918. He resigned his academic posts in 1919 to join Claridad, a communist organization, and in 1922, formed Unión Latinoamerica, a political action committee focused on anti-imperialism. He was an active Freemason since 1898. He founded a monthly, Renovación, in 1925, but died in Buenos Aires later that year.
# Czech Lion Award for Best Supporting Actress

Czech Lion Award for Best Supporting Actress is an annual award given to the best female actress in a supporting role of a Czech film.

## Winners

| Year | Actor | Film title (English) | Film title (Original) |
| 1994 | Jana Preissová (1) | The Order | Řád |
| 1995 | Tereza Brodská (1) | Revenge | Má je pomsta |
| 1996 | Veronika Žilková (1) | Forgotten Light | Zapomenuté světlo |
| 1997 | Klára Issová (1) | An Ambiguous Report About the End of the World | Nejasná zpráva o konci světa |
| 1998 | Agnieszka Sitek (1) | Sekal Has to Die | Je třeba zabít Sekala |
| 1999 | Anna Geislerová (1) | The Idiot Returns | Návrat idiota |
| 2000 | Eva Holubová (1) | Ene bene | Ene bene |
| 2001 | Zuzana Kronerová (1) | The Wild Bees | Divoké včely |
| 2002 | Jana Hubinská (1) | Girlie | Děvčátko |
| 2003 | Vilma Cibulková (1) | Pupendo | Pupendo |
| 2004 | Klára Melíšková (1) | Champions | Mistři |
| 2005 | Anna Geislerová (2) | Something Like Happiness | Štěstí |
| 2006 | Jana Brejchová (1) | Beauty in Trouble | Kráska v nesnázích |
| 2007 | Zuzana Bydžovská (1) | Gympl | Gympl |
| 2008 | Lenka Termerová (1) | Night Owls | Děti noci |
| 2009 | Daniela Kovářová (1) | Kawasaki's Rose | Kawasakiho růže |
| 2010 | Eliška Balzerová (1) | Women in Temptation | Ženy v pokušení |
| 2011 | Taťjana Medvecká (1) | The House | Dům |
| 2012 | Klára Melíšková (2) | Four Suns | Čtyři slunce |
| 2013 | Jaroslava Pokorná (1) | The Burning Bush | Hořící keř |
| 2014 | Lenka Krobotová (1) | Nowhere in Moravia | Díra u Hanušovic |
| 2015 | Lucie Žáčková (1) | Snake Brothers | Kobry a užovky |
| 2016 | Klára Melíšková (3) | I, Olga Hepnarová | Já, Olga Hepnarová |
| 2017 | Petra Špalková (1) | Ice Mother | Bába z ledu |
| 2018 | Eliška Křenková (1) | Winter Flies | Všechno bude |
| 2019 | Klára Melíšková (4) | Owners | Vlastníci |
| 2020 | Petra Špalková (2) | Shadow Country | Krajina ve stínu |
| 2021 | Antonie Formanová | Occupation | Okupace |
| 2022 | Martha Issová (1) | Buko | Buko |
| 2023 | Milena Steinmasslová (1) | The Exhale | Němá tajemství |
| 2024 | Tatiana Pauhofová (1) | Waves | Vlny |
# Duplain Township, Michigan

Duplain Township is a civil township of Clinton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,303 at the 2020 census.

## Communities

* The village of Elsie is located within the township.
* Craven's Mills was platted as a village in 1845 at the time the three Craven brothers built a mill here. It was abandoned and the various stores moved to Elsie in 1857.
* Duplain is an unincorporated community in the township at 43°02′48″N 84°27′09″W﻿ / ﻿43.04667°N 84.45250°W﻿ / 43.04667; -84.45250﻿ (Duplain) on the Maple River, which was previously known by its French name, Rivière du Plain. The township was first known as Sena when set off in 1840, but became Du Plain when organized in 1841. The community was first settled by a group from Rochester, New York, and became known as the Rochester Colony. It was platted with the name Mapleton by Edward R. Everest in 1837, and a post office with that name was established on January 29, 1844. The post office was renamed Duplain on December 12, 1844, and operated until March 14, 1903.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.41 square miles (91.71 km$^2$), of which 35.12 square miles (90.96 km$^2$) is land and 0.29 square miles (0.75 km$^2$) (0.82%) is water.
Duplain Township is located in the northeast corner of Clinton County and is bordered on the east by Shiawassee County and on the north by Gratiot County.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,329 people, 866 households, and 637 families residing in the township. The population density was 66.0 inhabitants per square mile (25.5/km$^2$). There were 900 housing units at an average density of 25.5 per square mile (9.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.07% White, 0.13% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.94% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.15% of the population.
There were 866 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $39,968, and the median income for a family was $46,215. Males had a median income of $35,799 versus $23,672 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,888. About 4.8% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Joe Isuzu

Joe Isuzu was a fictional spokesman who starred in a series of 1980s television advertisements for Isuzu cars and trucks. Created by the ad agency Della Femina, Travisano, and Partners, and directed by Hollywood director Graham Baker, the segments aired on American television in 1986–90, reaching their zenith in 1987 after the character was featured during Super Bowl XXI. Played by actor David Leisure, Joe Isuzu was a pathological liar who made outrageous and overinflated claims about Isuzu's cars, with one commercial even casting him as the Boy Who Cried Wolf. Joe Isuzu's satire of the advertising and automotive sales business met with some resistance within those industries, many of whom felt the character reflected poorly on them.
Joe Isuzu was a major success, causing a significant jump in Isuzu sales the year he was introduced and maintaining those sales in the following years. In an effort to further boost sales and assuage concerns that Joe Isuzu was becoming more famous than the Isuzu vehicles he was trying to sell, Isuzu tweaked the ad campaign to make Joe more honest about Isuzu's benefits, compensating with more assertive sales tactics, such as ambushing salesmen trying to sell other brands by mentioning Isuzu's superior performance to the customer and luring them to Isuzu. In 1991, after stagnating sales, Isuzu fired Della Femina, ending Joe Isuzu's initial run. The campaign was resurrected briefly in 1999 and continued until 2001 to promote several cars such as the Isuzu Axiom. A decade after Isuzu exited the U.S. market, Leisure reprised the role in a 2018 commercial for Johnny5ive, an Isuzu Trooper repairman.
Famous quotes include these:
* "Hi! (...) It's me, Joe Isuzu."
* "You have my word on it."
* "If I'm lying, may lightning hit my mother." ("Good luck, Mom!" appears on screen.)
* "It has more seats than the Astrodome!"
* "Hi, I'm Joe Isuzu and I used my new Isuzu pickup truck to carry a 2,000-pound cheeseburger."
* "The Isuzu Impulse: faster than a speeding—[catches a bullet in his teeth]—well, you know."
* "I swear on my mother's grave the quality of this Isuzu!" cell phone rings "Hello? Oh, hi Mom!"
* "Hi! It's me, Joanne Isuzu, Joe Isuzu's twin sister." (Leisure appears on-screen in drag, with the caption reading "He's lying, and so is she.")
* "Isuzu Trooper II, can hold the whole state of Texas!" ("78.2 cubic feet of it." stated on the bottom of the screen)

## Legacy

The character became a fixture in American popular culture. In 1988, Michael Dukakis, in a debate with George H. W. Bush during that year's United States presidential election, said, "If Bush keeps it up, he's going to be the Joe Isuzu of American politics."
Leisure reprised his role as Joe Isuzu in a 1992 A&W Cream Soda commercial. True to form, Isuzu made outrageous claims about the soda.
In 2012, Daily Finance (a subsidiary of AOL) named David Leisure #15 of Top 25 Celebrity Spokespeople of All Time for having portrayed Joe Isuzu in Isuzu advertisements. The same year, Leisure reprised the role in a series of mock endorsements of Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign.
# Marietta Memorial Hospital Employee Health Benefit Plan v. DaVita Inc.

Marietta Memorial Hospital Employee Health Benefit Plan v. DaVita Inc., 596 U.S. ___ (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Medicare Secondary Payer statute does not authorize disparate-impact liability, and the Marietta Plan’s coverage terms for outpatient dialysis were lawful because those terms applied uniformly to all covered individuals.