OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nefertkau I

Nefertkau I (fl. c. 2560 BC) was a 4th Dynasty princess of ancient Egypt. She was the eldest daughter of King Sneferu and hence a half-sister to King Khufu. She was the mother of Nefermaat II and the grandmother of Sneferukhaf.
Nefertkau is explicitly said to be a daughter of Sneferu in inscriptions from the tomb of her son and her grandson. Kurt Heinrich Sethe argued from the inscription in Nefermaat’s tomb that Nefertkau had married her own father and that Nefermaat was Sneferu’s son. George Andrew Reisner argued against this theory and suggested that Nefertkau may have married Khufu. He does allow for the possibility that Nefertkau married a noble man whose name was lost.
Nefertkau may have been buried in mastaba G 7050 at Giza. The tomb is not inscribed however so that the ownership is somewhat conjectural.
# Miquelet (militia)

Miquelets or Micalets (Catalan pronunciation:; Spanish: Migueletes) were irregular Catalan and Valencian mountain light infantry units. They enjoyed a certain prominence in the wars in the Iberian Peninsula during the 17th and 18th centuries, and in peace seem to have on occasion plundered travellers.

## Overview

The name is a diminutive of Michael; it is claimed it comes from Miquel or Miquelot de Prats, a Catalan mercenary captain in the service of Cesare Borgia. The term was used for many unconnected groups of Catalans who took up arms in many wars, as well as in banditry. The Miquelets were maintained at the parish level, not by the central or the provincial governments, and as they had to turn out for duty on sound of the village alarm-bell (someten) they are frequently called sometents.

## In specific wars

The Miquelets were active during the Catalan secessionist revolution of 1640 (Catalan: Guerra dels Segadors, "War of the Reapers").
In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), most of the Miquelets fought on the Austriacist side; they became part of the Army of Catalonia, in 1713, and continued the struggle against the French claimant Philip, Duke of Anjou (Philip V) until long after the peace.
During the Peninsular War, the Miquelets successfully harassed the French occupiers in the mountains of Catalonia, sometimes even participating in operations in large bodies, such as in the Siege of Girona (1809) and other operations around Girona in 1808 and 1809.
Miquelet was a sobriquet used by Catalan soldiers on both sides of these and other wars; the French raised Catalan troops in 1689 in the Revolt of the Barretines, as well as in 1808 in the Peninsular War.

## Miquelets in the Americas

Regiments of Miquelets were also integrated in the Spanish army and fought in other places of the Spanish Empire, outside Spain. Fray Junipero Serra's expedition to establish Catholic missions along the California coast was accompanied by detachments of Migueletes in 1769. The First Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia, which was composed of Catalan Miquelets, was destined in New Spain. From there, the Company played a crucial role in the Spanish colonization of the Pacific Northwest, building Fort San Miguel, the first formal European settlement in British Columbia, from 1790 to 1792. Its captain, Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor, received military decorations and even was appointed Interim Governor of California in 1800.

## Miquelet police in the Basque region

The police forces of the autonomous governments of Biscay (1784–1877) and Gipuzkoa (1796–1936) were known as Miqueletes. Their homologous police forces in Álava and Navarre, called Miñones and Policía foral, managed to survive beyond the Spanish Civil War due to the siding of these provinces with the military uprising.
# Anthony Browne (died 1506)

Sir Anthony Browne (29 June 1443 – c. 17 November 1506) was the son of Sir Thomas Browne and Eleanor FitzAlan. He served as standard-bearer to Henry VII, and Lieutenant of Calais.

## Career

Anthony Browne, born at Betchworth Castle, was a younger son of Sir Thomas Browne and Eleanor FitzAlan, daughter of Thomas Fitzalan, third son of John de Arundel, 2nd Baron Arundel (d. 14 August 1390), and Elizabeth le Despenser (d. 10/11 April 1408). He was a younger brother of Sir George Browne.
During the reign of Henry VII, he was Standard Bearer of England, Governor of Queenborough Castle, and Constable of Calais.
He died at Calais in 1506, aged 63.

## Wife's political activity

His second wife, Lucy Neville, was an unswerving supporter of the House of York. In the reign of Henry VII, Lucy was noted as one who "loves not the King", and was said to be actively promoting the rival claim to the throne of her cousin Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk. This, combined with her husband's possession of a crucial fortress, was a constant worry to supporters of Henry VII: John Flamank's report of a secret conversation between several officials in Calais in 1504, on the likely sequel, if the King should die, referred to the risk that she would seize Calais and hold it in Suffolk's name. The heavy fine imposed on her in 1507, although the pretext was her late husband's neglect of duty, was very likely a warning by the Crown not to meddle in politics. She appears to have heeded the warning and lived peacefully until her death in 1534.

## Marriages and issue

Sir Anthony Browne married firstly Eleanor Ughtred, daughter of Sir Robert Ughtred (c. 1428 - c. 1487) of Kexby, North Yorkshire, and Katherine Eure, daughter of Sir William Eure, by whom he had an only daughter, Anne Browne, who married Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
He married secondly Lucy Neville, widow of Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam of Aldwark, North Yorkshire, Yorkshire, and daughter of John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu, and Isabel Ingaldesthorpe, by whom he had two sons and two daughters:
* Sir Anthony Browne (1500–1548); a courtier to Henry VIII.
* Henry Browne.
* Elizabeth Browne, Countess of Worcester, who married, as his second wife, Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester. She was the principal witness against Anne Boleyn, and there were rumours that she had been a mistress of Henry VIII.
* Lucy Browne, who married firstly John Cutts, and secondly Thomas Clifford.
# Persian famine of 1870–1872

The Persian famine of 1870–1872 was a period of mass starvation and disease in Iran (Persia) between 1870 and 1872 under the rule of Qajar dynasty.
The best documented famine in the Iranian history, it affected almost the whole country, however some cities managed to avoid the catastrophe, including Shahrud, Kerman and Birjand.

## Causes and contributing factors

Xavier de Planhol comments that the famine was a result of "combined climatic catastrophes made worse by poor administration and the human factors".
New York herald attributed the famine to an increase in the price of cotton which made the farmers abandon farming for grains and plant cotton in its place.
Shoko Okazaki maintains that the two consecutive years of severe drought was the principal factor and rejects that the increase in production of opium and cotton contributed to the famine. He also blames "senior bureaucrats, landlords, grain dealers and high-ranking religious officials who engaged in hoarding and market manipulation". Cormac Ó Gráda endorses the latter reason.

## Death toll

There is no agreement among scholars as to the total number of deaths during the famine, although it is believed that it resulted a considerable decline in Iran's population.
Among contemporary observers, Frederic John Goldsmid gave the figure of 0.2–0.3 million deaths, while Oliver St. John put the total loss at 0.5 million. James Bassett suggested that 3 million lives were lost and J. Belleu who was travelling in Iran during the period, cited 1.5 million. Badaye-negar, a Persian scholar of the time, estimated 2.5 million deaths.
Fereydun Adamiyat calculates the death toll around 2 million deaths. Another calculation attributes a decline in the estimated population from 10 million in 1850 to 6 million in 1873, to the catastrophe. Gad G. Gilbar's estimation of 1.5 million deaths, which could be between 15% and 20–25% of the population, is acknowledged by Shoko Okazaki and Charles P. Melville.
# VEF I-17

VEF I-17 was a Latvian trainer aircraft (intended also as a fighter) designed in 1939 by Latvian aircraft designer Kārlis Irbītis. The I-17 was test flown in early 1940 and almost immediately accepted by Latvian Air Force. It was produced by the VEF factory in Riga.

## Design and development

In 1939 Latvia ordered 39 Hawker Hurricane fighters from United Kingdom, thus there was a need for monoplane pilots in Latvia. For this purpose, Irbītis designed the VEF I-17 among other trainer aircraft. Due to the start of Second World War in September 1939, the British Hawker Hurricanes never arrived in Latvia which induced the Latvian Air Force to encourage Latvian aircraft development instead. Due to the pressures of the war, the I-17 prototype was accepted almost without testing and serial production started.
Six units of the I-17 were built and there was an order for another six, but that was halted following the Soviet occupation of Latvia in June 1940.
After the occupation, the I-17 was tested by Soviet Red Army and some had Soviet M-11 engines installed. After the occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany in July 1941, the I-17 was also examined and tested by the Luftwaffe and, like the VEF I-16, was used by the aviation school in Toruń.
The further fate of the VEF I-17s produced is unknown.
Around 2009, it was reported that the Director of the Civil Aviation Agency of Latvia Māris Gorodcovs had begun work on building a replica of the I-17.

## Specifications (I-17)

Data from airwar.ru
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in)
* Wingspan: 9.80 m (32 ft 2 in)
* Height: 2.90 m (9 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 19.20 m$^2$ (206.7 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 790 kg (1,742 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,140 kg (2,513 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Menasco Pirate C4 four cylinder, air-cooled, inline, four stroke aircraft engine, 93 kW (125 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch
Performance
* Maximum speed: 230 km/h (140 mph, 120 kn)
* Range: 592 km (368 mi, 320 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 5,900 m (19,400 ft)
* Wing loading: 59.4 kg/m$^2$ (12.2 lb/sq ft)
# Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership

Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership, 564 U.S. 91 (2011), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. It deals with the presumption of validity and the standard of evidence in patent lawsuits. This case in widely considered as a prime example of a frivolous lawsuit by a patent troll, underscoring the need for a reform of the US patent law.
The case was a patent dispute between small Toronto-based company i4i Ltd. Partnership and Microsoft for infringement of a patent regarding custom XML encoding in Microsoft Word, a feature that was “used by only a small fraction of Microsoft’s customers”. The original lawsuit was filed in the Federal Court for the Eastern District of Texas, known for its decisions favoring patent trolls. i4i prevailed both in the district court and on appeal to the CAFC. The latter awarded i4i $200 million against Microsoft as a reasonable royalty.
Under 35 U.S.C. § 282, a patent, which has been examined and issued by the USPTO is entitled to a presumption of validity in courts, and this presumption can be overcome based on clear and convincing evidence.
On appeal to the SCOTUS Microsoft argued that the clear and convincing evidence standard applied by the Federal Circuit was inappropriate, and that because of the backlog of unexamined patent applications at the USPTO, patent examiners do not have adequate amount of time to examine patent applications, and therefore a preponderance of the evidence standard should be applied by courts, when patent validity is challenged.
The US Supreme Court rejected Microsoft's position. Judge Sotomayor wrote: "Congress has amended the patent laws to account for concerns about 'bad' patents, including by expanding the reexamination process to provide for inter partes proceedings. Through it all the evidentiary standard adopted in §282 has gone untouched."
The courts also issued and confirmed a permanent injunction against Microsoft. The disputed feature has been removed from Word since.
# Joshua Wynder

Joshua Liam Wynder (born May 2, 2005) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a center-back for Liga Portugal 2 club Benfica B.

## Club career

Wynder signed a USL Academy contract with USL Championship side Louisville City in February 2021. On June 3, 2021, Wynder signed a professional deal with the club.
On June 8, 2023, Wynder joined Portuguese club Benfica for a fee of $1.2 million and add-ons, the largest transfer fee to date for a USL player. He was initially assigned to the B team, which will play in Liga Portugal 2.

## International career

In April 2022, Wynder was selected for the 33-player USYNT U-19 squad. The then 17-year old Wynder captained the side in his debut win over England.
Wynder played in four of the five United States games in the 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup. The U.S. exited the tournament in the quarterfinals with a 0–2 loss against Uruguay, with Wynder scoring an own goal in the match.
In April 2023, Wynder was selected in the 23-man roster for the men's national team friendly against Mexico, which ended in a 1–1 draw. He did not feature in the game itself.

## Personal life

Joshua's brother, Elijah, plays for LA Galaxy.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played May 7, 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Louisville City | 2021 | USL Championship | 11 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Louisville City | 2022 | USL Championship | 21 | 2 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 27 | 2 |
| Louisville City | 2023 | USL Championship | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Louisville City | Total | Total | 38 | 2 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 44 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 38 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 44 | 2 |
* ↑ Appearances in USL Championship Playoffs
# Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild

Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild of Charlemont (1565–1627), was an English army officer active in Ireland.

## Life

He was born on 2 December 1565 the son of Alexander Caulfeild of Great Milton in Oxfordshire. As a youth, he served under Martin Frobisher, and then under Lord Howard of Effingham. He was also with the 2nd Earl of Essex at the capture of Cadiz, 21 June 1596.
In 1598 Caulfeild accompanied the Earl of Essex to Ireland, in command of a troop of horse, and was for a time stationed at Newry. In 1601, under Lord Mountjoy, he took part in the recapture of Kinsale from the Spanish invaders. Mountjoy left Caulfeild in charge of a bridge built by him over the River Blackwater, in command of 150 men, where the fort erected for its protection was called Charlemont.
After the accession of James I of England, Caulfeild was knighted. After the Flight of the Earls of 1607, he was appointed receiver of the rents of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone until 1610. On the division of the estates, Caulfeild received a grant of a thousand acres on which he built a now ruined house, Castle Caulfield.
He had, in 1608, been appointed to the command of the upper part of Tyrone and of Armagh. On 17 April 1613 he was named a privy councillor, and the same year he was chosen knight of the shire for County Armagh in the Irish Parliament. On 19 February 1615 he was made master of the ordnance and on 10 May of the same year one of the council for the province of Munster. Subsequently, he was appointed a member of the commission for the parcelling out of escheated (confiscated) lands.
In consideration of his services to the crown, Caulfeild was created Baron Charlemont and, as he had not married, the succession of the honour was granted to his nephew, Sir William Caulfeild, son of his brother James. He died on 17 August 1627, and was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.
# Wishart Ward

Wishart Ward was a Brisbane City Council ward covering Wishart and surrounding suburbs. It was abolished as part of the 2015 redistribution and split into Holland Park and MacGregor, with this taking affect at the 2016 election.

## History

Although considered a safe Liberal seat, Wishart became more marginal after a 2007 redistribution. Robbie Williams, who had been appointed as a councillor for Holland Park Ward in October 2007, had been preselected by the Labor Party to contest Wishart at the 2008 election. However, he died of a heart attack in December 2007.
As a result of the redistribution, Wishart councillor Graham Quirk moved to MacGregor Ward, and Krista Adams successfully ran for the Liberals in 2008. She was re-elected in 2012.

## Councillors for Wishart Ward

| Member | Party | Term | Notes |
| Graham Quirk | Liberal | 27 March 2004 – 15 March 2008 | Contested MacGregor Ward following redistribution. Elected. |
| Krista Adams | Liberal | 15 March 2008 – 26 July 2008 | Contested Holland Park Ward following ward abolishment. Elected. |
| Krista Adams | Liberal National | 26 July 2008 – 19 March 2016 | Contested Holland Park Ward following ward abolishment. Elected. |

## Results
### 2004

2004 Brisbane City Council election: Wishart Ward :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Graham Quirk | 13,684 | 65.64 |
| | Labor | James Henley | 7,163 | 34.36 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 20,847 | 97.68 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 496 | 2.32 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 21,343 | 86.70 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal | Graham Quirk | 13,684 | 65.64 |
| | Labor | James Henley | 7,163 | 34.36 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | |
# Prix découvertes RFI

Prix découvertes RFI is the French-speaking African version of the reality singing competition, RFI Discovery Prize, and was created in 1981 to highlight new musical talents from Africa each year. This show has featured artists such as Tiken Jah Fakoly, Mav Cacharel, Rokia Traoré, Didier Awadi, Amadou and Mariam, Canjo Amissi or Maurice Kirya.

## Coaches and hosts

The judging panel is made up of industry professionals, and is each year chaired by notable personalities such as Jacob Desvarieux, Youssou N'Dour, Angélique Kidjo, Passi, Kery James, Richard Bona, A'salfo, and Fally Ipupa. RFI and its partners offer the winner professional support, cross-channel promotion, and promotion on their websites. In addition, the winner receives 10,000 euros and a tour of Africa. They also perform a concert in Paris.
# Bezirk Dresden

The Bezirk Dresden was a district (Bezirk) of East Germany that lasted from 1952 to 1990. Dresden would be reabsorbed back into Saxony after the reunification of Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Dresden.

## History

The district was established, with the other 13, on 25 July 1952, substituting the old German states. After 3 October 1990 it was disestablished upon German reunification, becoming again part of the state of Saxony.

## Geography
### Position

The Bezirk Dresden was the easternmost Bezirk of East Germany. It, bordered on the 'Bezirke' of Cottbus, Leipzig and Karl-Marx-Stadt, as well as on Czechoslovakia and Poland. It was broadly similar in area to the later Direktionsbezirk Dresden, which functioned from 1990 to 2012.

### Subdivision

The Bezirk was divided into 17 Kreise: 2 urban districts (Stadtkreise) and 15 rural districts (Landkreise):
* Urban districts: Dresden; Görlitz.
* Rural districts: Bautzen; Bischofswerda; Dippoldiswalde; Dresden-Land; Freital; Görlitz; Großenhain; Kamenz; Löbau; Meißen; Niesky; Pirna; Riesa; Sebnitz; Zittau.
# Međedi

Međedi is a village in Croatia, under the Vrbovsko township, in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County.

## History

On 27 March 2021, a magnitude 2.1 earthquake occurred between Presika, Nadvučnik and Međedi.

## Demographics

As of 2011, it was one of four uninhabited statistical villages in Vrbovsko, along with Lesci, Podvučnik and Radočaj. These were followed by Gornji Vukšići.
* v

## Politics

As of its foundation on 3 March 2008, it belongs to the local committee [hr] of Moravice.

## Nature

In 1965, the "old yew" (Croatian: stara tisa) in Međedi, a female Taxus baccata individual dated to the 17th century, was protected by law in an act of the DZZP. At the time it was 15 metres (49 ft) tall. In 2016, it was found to have a girth of 105 centimetres (41 in) total girth, and an annual growth rate of 0.49 centimetres (0.19 in). It bears several lightning strike injuries.
The old yew lies along a hiking trail that goes through the village, Litorić-Topolovica-Međedi-Litorić.
# Atlas of Hồng Đức

Atlas of Hồng Đức, known in Vietnamese as Hồng Đức bản đồ sách (chữ Hán: 洪德版圖冊), sometimes called the Geography of Hồng Đức is a set of geographic maps of Dai Viet issued during the reign of Lê Thánh Tông, the 21st year of Hồng Đức era (1490). The atlas was made in the 8th year of Quang Thuận era (1467) when King Le Thanh Tong ordered the mandarins to draw maps from each province and send them to the Ministry of Households. The map was completed and issued in the 21st year of Hồng Đức era (1490). However, the original atlas was lost. The atlas presented the outline of the border and the administrative system of Dai Viet in the second half of the 15th century.
# Automation engineering

Automation engineering is the provision of automated solutions to physical activities and industries.

## Automation engineer

Automation engineers are experts who have the knowledge and ability to design, create, develop and manage machines and systems, for example, factory automation, process automation and warehouse automation. Automation technicians are also involved.

## Scope

Automation engineering is the integration of standard engineering fields. Automatic control of various control systems for operating various systems or machines to reduce human efforts & time to increase accuracy. Automation engineers design and service electromechanical devices and systems for high-speed robotics and programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

## Work and career after graduation

Graduates can work for both government and private sector entities such as industrial production, companies that create and use automation systems, for example the paper industry, automotive industry, metallurgical industry, food and agricultural industry, water treatment, and oil & gas sectors such as refineries, rolling mills and power plants.

## Job description

Automation engineers can design, program, simulate and test automated machinery and processes, and are usually employed in industries such as the energy sector in plants, car manufacturing facilities, food processing plants, and robots. Automation engineers are responsible for creating detailed design specifications and other documents, developing automation based on specific requirements for the process involved, and conforming to international standards like IEC-61508, local standards, and other process specific guidelines and specifications, simulate, test and commission electronic equipment for automation.