# Chemung County, New York

Chemung County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 84,148 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is Elmira. Its name is derived from a Delaware Indian village whose name means "big horn" in the Seneca language. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
Chemung County comprises the Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY Combined Statistical Area.
Many signs posted along roads in Chemung County refer to the area as "Mark Twain Country," because the noted author lived and wrote for many years in Elmira.

## History

Chemung County was formed from 520 square miles (1,300 km$^2$) of Tioga County in 1836.
In 1854, Chemung County was divided and 110 square miles (280 km$^2$) became Schuyler County, reducing Chemung to 410 square miles (1,100 km$^2$), its current size.
In the late 1870s, the Greenback Party became prominent in Chemung and nearby counties in western New York. Here it was primarily allied with labor in a critique of capital, reaching its peak in 1878, the year following the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Scranton General Strike in Pennsylvania. There were also strikes that year in Albany, Syracuse and Buffalo, starting with the railroad workers. In Steuben and Chemung counties, Greenbackers were elected to county councils in 1878 instead of Democrats, and others were elected from there and nearby counties to the state legislature, gaining votes of more than 25 percent in several of the Southern Tier counties. It gradually declined after that, due to internal dissension and the strength of the two major parties.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 411 square miles (1,060 km$^2$), of which 407 square miles (1,050 km$^2$) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km$^2$) (0.8%) is water.
Chemung County is in the southwestern part of New York State, along the Pennsylvania border, in a part of New York called the Southern Tier and is also part of the Finger Lakes Region.
The Southern Tier Expressway runs through the County east-west near the Pennsylvania border, between Waverly, New York and Corning, New York via Elmira, New York.

## Transportation
### Major highways

* Interstate 86 / New York State Route 17 (Southern Tier Expressway)
* New York State Route 13
* New York State Route 14
* New York State Route 34
* New York State Route 223
* New York State Route 328
* New York State Route 352
* New York State Route 367
* New York State Route 414
* New York State Route 427

### Airport

* Elmira Corning Regional Airport

## Demographics
### 2020 Census

Chemung County Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (NH) | 69,559 | 82.66% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 5,009 | 5.95% |
| Native American (NH) | 198 | 0.23% |
| Asian (NH) | 1,426 | 1.69% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 15 | 0.02% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 5,003 | 5.95% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 2,938 | 3.49% |

### 2000 Census

As of the 2000 census, there were 91,070 people, 35,049 households and 23,272 families residing in the county. The population density was 223 people per square mile (86 people/km$^2$). There were 37,745 housing units at an average density of 92 units per square mile (36/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 90.96% White, 5.82% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.75% from other races, and 1.44% from two or more races. 1.77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.4% were of German, 15.7% Irish, 12.5% English, 11.8% Italian, 7.8% American and 6.3% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000 . Most of those claiming to be of "American" ancestry are of English descent and, in upstate New York, also in some cases of Dutch descent, but have family that has been in the country for so long, in many cases since the early seventeenth century, that they choose to identify simply as "American". 96.2% spoke English and 1.6% Spanish as their first language.
There were 35,049 households, of which 31.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.80% were married couples living together, 12.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.60% were non-families. 27.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97.
Age distribution was 24.40% under the age of 18, 8.80% from 18 to 24, 28.30% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 15.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 97.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.30 males.
The median household income was $36,415, and the median family income was $43,994. Males had a median income of $35,076 versus $24,215 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,264. About 9.10% of families and 13.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.40% of those under age 18 and 6.80% of those age 65 or over.

## Government

Before 1974, Chemung County was governed by a board of supervisors. On January 1, 1974, executive and legislative powers were split between a county executive and a 15-seat legislature. All 15 members are elected from single-member districts. As of 2024, the Chemung County Legislature includes 13 Republicans and 2 Democrats. Chemung County is a part of the 23rd congressional district, represented by Republican Nick Langworthy.
Chemung County Executives :
| Name | Party | Term |
| John H. Hazlett | Republican | January 1, 1974 – 1975 |
| Morris E. Blostein | Republican | 1975 – 1979 |
| R. Stanley Benjamin | Republican | 1979 – 1983 |
| Robert G. Densberger | Republican | 1983 – 1991 |
| G. Thomas Tranter, Jr. | Republican | 1991 – 2000 |
| Thomas J. Santulli | Republican | 2000 – 2019 |
| Christopher J. Moss | Republican | 2019 – |
United States presidential election results for Chemung County, New York :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 21,861 | 58.20% | 15,572 | 41.46% | 127 | 0.34% |
| 2020 | 21,922 | 55.63% | 16,636 | 42.21% | 852 | 2.16% |
| 2016 | 20,097 | 55.64% | 13,757 | 38.09% | 2,265 | 6.27% |
| 2012 | 17,612 | 50.31% | 16,797 | 47.98% | 601 | 1.72% |
| 2008 | 19,364 | 50.04% | 18,888 | 48.81% | 443 | 1.14% |
| 2004 | 21,321 | 54.56% | 17,080 | 43.71% | 674 | 1.72% |
| 2000 | 18,779 | 49.80% | 17,424 | 46.21% | 1,507 | 4.00% |
| 1996 | 14,287 | 39.89% | 16,977 | 47.40% | 4,549 | 12.70% |
| 1992 | 16,088 | 41.11% | 15,099 | 38.58% | 7,948 | 20.31% |
| 1988 | 20,951 | 56.41% | 15,966 | 42.99% | 222 | 0.60% |
| 1984 | 24,909 | 62.83% | 14,638 | 36.92% | 100 | 0.25% |
| 1980 | 19,674 | 52.87% | 14,565 | 39.14% | 2,970 | 7.98% |
| 1976 | 20,640 | 54.28% | 17,207 | 45.25% | 179 | 0.47% |
| 1972 | 26,200 | 67.28% | 12,650 | 32.48% | 94 | 0.24% |
| 1968 | 20,693 | 52.32% | 15,820 | 40.00% | 3,040 | 7.69% |
| 1964 | 14,716 | 35.82% | 26,332 | 64.10% | 34 | 0.08% |
| 1960 | 26,469 | 59.62% | 17,899 | 40.32% | 28 | 0.06% |
| 1956 | 33,270 | 74.16% | 11,592 | 25.84% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 30,188 | 68.62% | 13,729 | 31.21% | 79 | 0.18% |
| 1948 | 22,754 | 61.63% | 13,352 | 36.17% | 813 | 2.20% |
| 1944 | 22,198 | 59.42% | 15,064 | 40.32% | 97 | 0.26% |
| 1940 | 22,156 | 59.08% | 15,203 | 40.54% | 140 | 0.37% |
| 1936 | 20,515 | 56.68% | 15,542 | 42.94% | 138 | 0.38% |
| 1932 | 20,152 | 57.99% | 13,825 | 39.78% | 773 | 2.22% |
| 1928 | 25,029 | 67.00% | 12,189 | 32.63% | 136 | 0.36% |
| 1924 | 18,599 | 64.66% | 7,162 | 24.90% | 3,004 | 10.44% |
| 1920 | 17,864 | 68.53% | 7,060 | 27.08% | 1,144 | 4.39% |
| 1916 | 6,409 | 43.59% | 7,461 | 50.74% | 834 | 5.67% |
| 1912 | 3,317 | 25.54% | 6,008 | 46.27% | 3,660 | 28.19% |
| 1908 | 7,410 | 53.11% | 5,966 | 42.76% | 576 | 4.13% |
| 1904 | 7,282 | 53.29% | 5,641 | 41.28% | 741 | 5.42% |
| 1900 | 6,921 | 49.45% | 6,531 | 46.66% | 545 | 3.89% |
| 1896 | 7,926 | 58.34% | 5,259 | 38.71% | 401 | 2.95% |
| 1892 | 5,410 | 48.41% | 4,661 | 41.71% | 1,104 | 9.88% |
| 1888 | 5,467 | 45.95% | 6,037 | 50.74% | 394 | 3.31% |
| 1884 | 5,198 | 48.51% | 4,719 | 44.04% | 798 | 7.45% |
In presidential elections, Chemung County tends to vote Republican. Only two Democrats (Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 and Bill Clinton in 1996) have carried the county since 1920. It voted for George W. Bush in 2004 by a 10.85% margin. In 2008, the margin was much closer, but voters still gave John McCain a 1.23% win over Barack Obama. In 2012, Mitt Romney carried the county by 2.33%. In 2016, Donald Trump carried Chemung County with 55.64% of the vote compared to Hillary Clinton's 38.09%. Trump carried the county again in 2020 with over 55% of the vote.

## Education

Education in Chemung County is provided by various private and public institutions. High school students and adults have access to GST BOCES. BOCES provides vocation-style training in a wide range of fields as well as adult education and special education.

### Public school districts

School districts with any portion of territory in the county, even if the schools and/or administrative offices are elsewhere, include:
* Corning City School District
* Elmira City School District
* Elmira Heights Central School District
* Horseheads Central School District
* Odessa-Montour Central School District
* Spencer-Van Etten Central School District
* Watkins Glen Central School District
* Waverly Central School District

### Private schools

* Chemung Valley Montessori School
* Elmira Christian Academy
* Holy Family Middle School
* Saint Mary Our Mother School
* Notre Dame High School
* Twin Tiers Christian Academy

### Higher education

* Arnot Ogden School of Nursing
* Corning Community College (off-campus sites)
* Elmira College
* Elmira Business Institute

### Public libraries

Chemung County Library District
* Steele Memorial Library
* Horseheads Free Library
* Big Flats Library
* West Elmira Library
* Van Etten Library
* Chemung County Bookmobile

## Communities
### Larger Settlements

| # | Location | Population | Type | Area |
| 1 | †Elmira | 29,200 | City | Elmira-Horseheads |
| 2 | Southport | 7,238 | CDP | Elmira-Horseheads |
| 3 | Horseheads | 6,461 | Village | Elmira-Horseheads |
| 4 | Big Flats | 5,277 | CDP | West |
| 5 | West Elmira | 4,967 | CDP | Elmira-Horseheads |
| 6 | Elmira Heights | 4,097 | Village | Elmira-Horseheads |
| 7 | Horseheads North | 2,843 | CDP | North |
| 8 | Pine Valley | 813 | CDP | North |
| 9 | Breesport | 626 | CDP/Hamlet | Northeast |
| 10 | Wellsburg | 580 | Village | Southeast |
| 11 | ††Van Etten | 537 | CDP/Hamlet | Northeast |
| 12 | Erin | 483 | CDP | Northeast |
| 13 | Millport | 312 | Village | North |
† - County Seat
†† - Former Village

### Towns

* Ashland
* Baldwin
* Big Flats
* Catlin
* Chemung
* Elmira
* Erin
* Horseheads
* Southport
* Van Etten
* Veteran

### Hamlet

* Lowman