# LM GTE

Grand Touring Endurance, shortened to GTE, was a set of regulations maintained by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and IMSA for grand tourer racing cars used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 hours of Daytona GTLM, and its associated series. The class was formerly known as simply Group GT (Group N-GT in the FIA GT Championship) between 1999 and 2004, and later referred to as Group GT2 between 2005 and 2010. The GT2 name has since been revived for a different set of regulations.

## History

The class, derived from the former 'GT3' class in 1998, debuted in 1999 under the name of 'GT' in 24 Hours of Le Mans, American Le Mans Series and European Le Mans Series, and as 'N-GT' in the FIA GT Championship, and in 2000 as 'GTU' in the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series, and 'GTO' in the British GT Championship. In 2005, the class was renamed GT2, below the faster GT1 class (formerly known as GT/GTS). Originally, it was dominated by the Porsche 911 GT3 in its R, RS and RSR versions, but the Ferrari 360 Modena, Ferrari F430 and Panoz Esperante were also successful, as well as the BMW M3 in the United States. Other models entered were the Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Morgan Aero 8, Spyker C8 and TVR Tuscan.
After the GT1 class was dropped from ACO competitions for the 2011 season, the GT2 class was renamed as LM GTE in Europe and as GT in the United States. The new main rivals for the Porsche 911 were the Ferrari 458 Italia, Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Chevrolet Corvette, BMW M3, BMW Z4 (E89) and SRT Viper. Other less successful models in the early 2010s were the Jaguar XKR, Lamborghini Gallardo, Lotus Evora and Ford GT.
In 2015, the two dominating cars were the Porsche 911 RSR and the Ferrari 458 Italia GT2 (by points achieved).
In the 2018/19 season, the most competitive LM GTE cars were the Porsche 911 RSR, the Ferrari 488 GTE Evo and the Ford GT (by points achieved).
In 2021, IMSA announced that the GTLM class would be replaced with a GT3 based GTD pro class. The ACO also announced that GTE in the WEC would also be replaced by GT3 in 2024, with the GTE Pro class seeing its final race in 2022 and the GTE Am class in 2023.

## Regulations

The ACO had defined limits and requirements for the LM GTE category to ensure that cars were legitimately production-based. The car had to have "an aptitude for sport with 2 doors, 2 or 2+2 seats, opened or closed, which could be used perfectly legally on the open road and available for sale." The ACO modified its regulations for “small manufacturers” (less than 2000 cars produced a year). In order to be eligible, a big manufacturer must produce at least one car a week or a small manufacturer one car a month. The cars were be eligible to race when 100 road cars for big manufacturers or 25 road cars for small manufacturers were produced. The car must have had an official launch campaign and sales network. The engine must have been used in a production car; while this is usually the engine from the road car, the ACO had made exceptions for cars like the BMW Z4 GTE which use engines from other models. Carbon fiber, titanium, and magnesium were banned except for special parts like spoilers or wheels. Cars with carbon cockpits (that are not directly attached to the suspension) were allowed. The engine displacement was limited to 5.5L naturally aspirated or 4.0L turbo/supercharged. The SRT Viper was granted a special waiver to 8.0L. The minimum weight was 1,245 kg (2744 lbs) including driver, fuel, helmet, and liquids. Cars had to have working lights and windshield wipers at all times. To distinguish from faster Le Mans Prototypes at night, LM GTE cars must use yellow headlights (not in WEC). Four-wheel drive was banned while engine-based traction control was allowed. Gearboxes were limited to six forward gears. All cars also had to have rear-view cameras in addition to side mirrors.
LM GTE :
| | LM GTE Pro | LM GTE Am |
| Minimum weight | 1,245 kilograms (2,745 lb) (possibly subject to Balance of Performance) including driver, fuel, helmet and liquids | 1,245 kilograms (2,745 lb) (possibly subject to Balance of Performance) including driver, fuel, helmet and liquids |
| Maximum length | 4,800 millimetres (190 in) | 4,800 millimetres (190 in) |
| Maximum width | 2,050 millimetres (81 in) (excluding rear view mirrors) | 2,050 millimetres (81 in) (excluding rear view mirrors) |
| Engine displacement | naturally-aspirated: 5.5 litres (340 in$^3$) turbocharged/supercharged: 4.0 litres (240 in$^3$) | naturally-aspirated: 5.5 litres (340 in$^3$) turbocharged/supercharged: 4.0 litres (240 in$^3$) |
| Fuel tank size | 90 litres (24 US gal) (subject to BoP) | 90 litres (24 US gal) (subject to BoP) |
| Drivers | free composition | 2 to 3 drivers, at least 1 Bronze plus 1 Bronze or Silver |
Cars were allowed one set of modifications every two years. Brand new cars were allowed one extra set of modifications in the first year of competition. Small aerodynamic modifications were allowed for 24 Hours of Le Mans each year. If the road car was upgraded with a new part, that part could also be used on the LM GTE car through updating the homologation. Manufacturers could also apply for waivers to allow the homologation of cars or parts that would normally be banned by the rules.
Overall, the technical regulations were focused on keeping LM GTE cars relatively close to road cars in terms of parts and dimensions. Aerodynamic devices such as spoilers were heavily regulated. There were also minor requirements that were holdovers from the earlier era of Le Mans, such as requiring at least 150 cubic decimetres of luggage space.
At Le Mans, LM GTE was divided into two classes: GTE-Pro and GTE-Am. GTE-Am cars had to be at least one year old or be built to the previous year's spec, and had limits on the qualification of drivers allowed in the lineup.
The Endurance Committee of the ACO had the absolute right to modify the Balance of Performance between LM GTE cars through adjusting the weight, engine, or aerodynamics. Air restrictors were used with default values for specific engine capacities.

### 2016 updates

At the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans, the ACO announced a range of changes for the LM GTE class for the 2016 season. The aim of the changes was to increase the performance of the cars relative to the GT3-spec machinery that they competed against in certain series, whilst reducing cost and improving the safety of the cars. The regulations became restrictive, so there was a reduced reliance on waivers to allow certain cars to compete. One example of this was the increased freedom of aerodynamic development within specific regions of the car. The new cars were able to compete in LM GTE Pro from 2016 alongside the 'old' specification of the car, before becoming available for LM GTE Am in 2017. In 2018, the 'old' specification of the car was out of competition.

### Replacement of GTE Regulations

Autosport magazine reported that on 20 August 2021 the ACO had announced that they would be dropping the GTE class in favour of GT3 cars from the 2024 season onwards. The GTE class was to remain in place for the 2022 and 2023 WEC seasons, including Le Mans, following the decline of GTE racing with only four cars in the WEC Championship and three in the IMSA SportsCar Championship in 2021.

## List of LM GTE cars

| Manufacturer | Model | Developer | Year | Notes |
| Aston Martin | V8 Vantage GT2 | Prodrive | 2008–2011 | |
| Aston Martin | V8 Vantage GTE | Prodrive | 2012–2017 | Fourth generation Vantage GTE, includes Vantage GTE upgrades for 2016 |
| Aston Martin | V8 Vantage AMR GTE | Prodrive | 2018–2023 | Fifth generation Vantage |
| BMW | M3 GTR (E36) | Prototype Technology Group | 1999–2000 | Includes 2 and 4-door variants |
| BMW | M3 GT (E46) | Prototype Technology Group | 2000–2003 | 6-cylinder E46 M3 |
| BMW | M3 GTR (E46) | BMW Motorsport | 2001–2006 | Includes 6-cylinder version raced in ALMS in 2006 |
| BMW | M3 GT (E92) | BMW Motorsport | 2009–2012 | |
| BMW | Z4 GTE (E89) | BMW Motorsport | 2013–2015 | |
| BMW | M6 GTLM (F13) | BMW Motorsport | 2016–2017 | |
| BMW | M8 GTE (F92) | BMW Motorsport | 2018–2021 | |
| Chevrolet | Corvette LM-GT (C5) | Pratt & Miller | 2001–2005 | |
| Chevrolet | Corvette ZR1 C6.R | Pratt & Miller | 2009–2013 | Includes upgrades to GTE spec in 2012 |
| Chevrolet | Corvette C7.R | Pratt & Miller | 2014–2019 | Includes upgrades for 2016 |
| Chevrolet | Corvette C8.R | Pratt & Miller | 2020–2023 | |
| Dodge SRT | SRT Viper GTS-R | Riley Technologies | 2012–2015 | Includes upgrades in 2015 |
| Ferrari | 360 N-GT | Michelotto Engineering SpA [it] | 2000–2002 | Converted Ferrari 360 Challenge cars, visually the same as the 360 GT |
| Ferrari | 360 GT | Michelotto Engineering SpA [it] | 2002–2004 | |
| Ferrari | 360 GTC | Michelotto Engineering SpA [it] | 2004–2005 | |
| Ferrari | F430 GT | Michelotto Engineering SpA [it] | 2006–2007 | |
| Ferrari | F430 GTC | Michelotto Engineering SpA [it] | 2008-2010 | |
| Ferrari | 458 Italia GT | Michelotto Engineering SpA [it] | 2011–2015 | Includes upgrades to GTE spec in 2012 |
| Ferrari | 488 GTE | Michelotto Engineering SpA [it] | 2016–2017 | |
| Ferrari | 488 GTE Evo | | 2018-2023 | |
| Ford | GT-R (Mk.VII) | Doran Enterprises | 2008–2011 | |
| Ford | GT (Mk.VIII) | Ford Performance | |
| Jaguar | XKR | RSR Racing | 2010–2011 | |
| Lamborghini | Gallardo LP 560 GT2 | Reiter Engineering | 2009–2011 | |
| Lotus | Evora GTE | Ycom | 2011–2012 | |
| Panoz | Esperante GT-LM | Panoz Auto Development | 2003–2009 | Includes Evo version introduced in 2008 |
| Panoz | Abruzzi | Panoz Auto Development | 2011 | |
| Porsche | 911 GT3 R (996.I) | Porsche Motorsport | 1999–2000 | |
| Porsche | 911 GT3 RS (996.I) | Porsche Motorsport | 2001–2003 | |
| Porsche | 911 GT3 RSR (996.II) | Porsche Motorsport | 2004–2005 | |
| Porsche | 911 GT3 RSR (997) | Porsche Motorsport | 2006–2012 | 997.I & 997.II generations 911 RSR. There were upgrades every year. |
| Porsche | 911 RSR (991.I) | Porsche Motorsport | 2013–2016 | First 991 generation 911 RSR, includes upgrades for 2016 |
| Porsche | 911 RSR (991.II) | Porsche Motorsport | 2017–2019 | Second 991 generation 911 RSR |
| Porsche | 911 RSR-19 (991.II) | Porsche Motorsport | 2019–2023 | Third generation 911 RSR |
| Spyker | C8 Double-12R | Reiter Engineering | 2002–2003 | |
| Spyker | C8 Spyder GT2-R | Reiter Engineering | 2005–2007 | Includes upgrades introduced in 2007 |
| Spyker | C8 Laviolette GT2-R | Reiter Engineering | 2008–2010 | |
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