# Humboldt Forum

The Humboldt Forum is a museum dedicated to human history, art and culture, located in the Berlin Palace on the Museum Island in the historic centre of Berlin. It is named in honour of the Prussian scholars Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt. Considered the "German equivalent" of the British Museum, the Humboldt Forum houses the non-European collections of the Berlin State Museums, temporary exhibitions and public events. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it opened digitally on 16 December 2020 and became accessible to the general public on 20 July 2021. With 1.7 million visitors in 2023, it is the most visited museum in Germany and the 34th most visited museum in the world.

## History

The Humboldt Forum incorporates two previous museums, the Ethnological Museum of Berlin and the Museum of Asian Art. Both had their roots in the Ancient Prussian Art Chamber. The Ancient Prussian Art Chamber was originally established by Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg in the mid 16th century, but was nearly destroyed during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). The art chamber was rebuilt as a magnificent collection by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, and was moved to the newly extended Berlin Palace by Frederick I of Prussia in the early 18th century. The Ethnological Museum opened in 1886 as a successor of the Ancient Prussian Art Chamber; the Museum of Asian Art originated as the Indian Department of the Ethnological Museum in 1904. Wilhelm von Bode, the Director-General of the Royal Museums in Berlin, established the Museum of East Asian Art as a separate collection in 1906. In 2006 the Museum of Indian Art and the Museum of East Asian Art were merged to form the Museum of Asian Art.
From 2020 the Ethnological Museum and the Museum of Asian Art are both part of the Humboldt Forum in the Berlin Palace. By 2019, the Forum's overall costs totaled $700 million; at the time, it was considered Europe's most expensive cultural project. Its opening was initially planned for autumn 2019, then delayed to 2020 due to technical problems, including with its air conditioning system. Delivery delays and the unavailability of workers during a lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany pushed it back a few months further. In April 2020, two tar cookers exploded at the construction site, injuring one worker.
On 16 September 2022, the opening of the eastern wing, the last section of the Humboldt Forum museum, meant the Humboldt Forum museum was finally completed. It became Germany's most expensive cultural project to date.

## Building

The Humboldt Forum has its seat in the reconstructed Berlin Palace. The foundation stone was laid by President Joachim Gauck in a ceremony on 12 June 2013.

## Museum

On completion in 2020, the City Palace housed the Ethnological Museum of Berlin and the Museum of Asian Art, as well as two restaurants, a theater, a movie theater and an auditorium. The project is led by a three-member management committee, chaired by founding director Neil MacGregor and also including the co-directors, archaeologist Hermann Parzinger and art historian Horst Bredekamp. The Foundation for the Humboldt Forum in the Berlin Palace has been set up to create the museum.
MacGregor has proposed making the museum admission-free, based on the model of the British Museum.

### Collections

The Humboldt Forum houses four major wings, covering America, Africa, Asia, Oceania. It also has several other galleries, including the Humboldt Lab, the Berlin Exhibition, Sounds of the World, and spaces for temporary exhibitions.

## Roof Terrace

The Humboldt Forum has a roof terrace with a restaurant. At a height of 30 meters, it offers views of the Berlin Cathedral and Museum Island to the north, the Rotes Rathaus and the Fernsehturm to the east, the Neuer Marstall and the State Council Building to the south and the boulevard Unter den Linden and the Brandenburg Gate to the west.
* View towards Berlin Cathedral and Museum Island
* View towards the boulevard Unter den Linden
* View towards Potsdamer Platz

## Controversies

The Humboldt Forum came under criticism before and after its 2020 opening due to the museum's ownership of stolen art and other artifacts which were acquired from the German colonial empire and other European colonies in Africa and Asia, such as the Benin Bronzes. In 2018, it was at the center of a debate about the legality of cultural heritage from former German colonies being put on display in Germany, drawing protests from activists and art historians including as Bénédicte Savoy, who alleged the museum had not done enough to research the provenance and failed to critically present objects originating from the Global South in its collection.
In October 2024 the Forum announced an alteration to the lyrics of Udo Lindenbergs 1983 song Sonderzug nach Pankow in an upcoming choir performance. In 1983 Lindenberg had used the word "Oberindianer" to address East Germanies head of state Erich Honecker. The Humboldt Forum said the word could be perceived as hurtful and racist by indigenous people and other visitors and would be changed. Critics like Wolfgang Kubicki saw the changes as violation of artistic freedom, while historian Hubertus Knabe said the Humboldt Forum was leaning towards a "far-left cult" and argued that the people responsible should be voted out of office.

## Gallery

some of the highlights on display at the Humboldt Forum:
* historical boat from the island of Luf in modern Papua New Guinea
* Cuauhcoatl
* Mayan chocolate beaker
* The Barrigon, a potbelly sculpture
* Vishnu
* Nandi
* Hand of a Western gorilla
* Sope
* Model of an Orobates pabsti: red parts are reconstructed from the fossil, blue parts are mirrors, and yellow parts are some estimations.