OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marisa Musu

Marisa Musu (18 April 1925 – 3 November 2002) was an Italian anti-fascist resistance fighter, journalist and political activist.

## Biography
### Early life

Musu was born in to a prominent anti-fascist family. Her parents Domenico Musu and Bastianina Martini, natives of Sassari, were among founders of the Action Party.
In 1942, at the age of sixteen, she was a student at the Liceo ginnasio statale Terenzio Mamiani. Through Lucio Lombardo Radice, Marisa joined the clandestine organization of the Italian Communist Party at the same time as her fellow student Adele Maria Jemolo, Lombardo Radice's future wife. She enrolled in the Faculty of Physics at the University of Rome.

### Anti-fascist partisan

Quickly, she became active in the ranks of the anti-fascists and joined the Patriotic Action Groups (GAP), under the name of Rosa. At eighteen, she was the youngest partisan in the organization.
She participated in various battles against the German occupiers. Most notablly on March 23 Rosa participated in the attack on the German Bozen police battalion in Via Rasella, covering the Capponi group.
Musu was captured by the police on April 7, together with Pasquale Balsamo and Ernesto Borghesi; fortunately the commissioners Antonio Colasurdo and De Longis, who were in connection with the CLN, make them pass for a gang of common robbers, causing them to be locked up in the Regina Coeli prison. She is sentenced to death by the Nazi war court as a common criminal. GAP member Guglielmo Blasi betrayed the prisoners and exposed the members, but before he revealed that she belonged to the GAP, Musu, pretending to be ill, had herself transferred to the Santo Spirito Hospital in Sassia, from where, at the end of May, she managed to escape. She eventually came out of hiding with the liberation of Rome.

### Post liberation career

After the war, Musu continued her activities in the Italian Communist Party, working for many years with Enrico Berlinguer in the Italian Communist Youth Federation and was elected to the Central Committee of the Italian Communist Party. She became a journalist, working for the newspapers Paese Sera and L'Unità. She covered the events of the Prague Spring, later was a correspondent in Vietnam, Mozambique, Palestine and Latin America. Since 1976, at the initiative of Gianni Rodari, Musu established the "Democratic Coordination of Parents", which was engaged in the practice and promotion of anti-fascist, secular and democratic values in schools; headed this Coordination for several years, and soon became the chief editor of the monthly newspaper "Il giornale dei Genitori".
Musu was also a member of the executive committee of the National Association of Italian Partisans and was vice-president of the Rome branch of the Association, member of the National Council of Users, head of the Committee "Television for Youth", member of the Film Review Committee, vice-president of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, chairman of the Association of Italian Girls and a long-term adviser to the leadership of the Rome branch of the Italian Communist parties.
# José Belloni

José Belloni (September 12, 1882 – November 28, 1965) was a Uruguayan sculptor of the Realist school.

## Biography

José Belloni was born in Montevideo, in 1882; his father was Swiss from Ticino, and his mother Basque from Spain. His family returned to Europe in 1890, however, and the Bellonis settled in Lugano, Switzerland. He took an early interest in sculpture, and was mentored by Luis Vasseli, earning a scholarship that briefly took him to Uruguay, in 1899. He later enrolled in the Munich Academy, and participated in numerous exhibitions throughout Europe.
Returning to Uruguay, Belloni became an instructor in the Committee for the Encouragement of Fine Arts, and in 1914, he was picked to succeed painter Carlos María Herrera as director of the institution. Belloni created a sculpture in homage to his recently deceased predecessor, and its unveiling later that year in Montevideo's Paseo del Prado created a demand for his works as monuments.
The first of these was Belloni's La carreta (The Carriage), an ode to the ox-cart drivers ubiquitous in the 19th century, cast in Florence, Italy by the Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry and unveiled in a city park (today José Batlle y Ordoñez Park), in 1919. La música (1923) a monument to William Tell (1931) followed (also cast in Florence by Ferdinando Marinelli's foundry), and Belloni contributed numerous bronzes and bas-reliefs to the General Assembly of Uruguay, as well.
The noted sculptor also taught painting at the University of Montevideo's School of Architecture. Continuing to sculpt in later life, among his well-known works from this period was Nuevos rumbos (New Paths), a naturalist work overlooking Parque Rodó, as well as a monument to the park's namesake, writer and lawmaker José Enrique Rodó. Belloni completed El entrevero (The Struggle) practically upon his death in 1965, at age 83. The masterpiece was placed upon Fabini Plaza, on 18th of July Avenue, in 1967.
His son Stelio was also a notable sculptor.
| La carreta (1919) | La diligencia (1952) | El entrevero (1965) |
# Scum's Wish (TV series)

Scum's Wish (Japanese: クズの本懐 Kuzu no Honkai) is a Japanese television drama series based on the manga series of the same name by Mengo Yokoyari. The drama premiered on Fuji TV on January 18, 2017.

## Plot

Hanabi Yasuraoka (Miyu Yoshimoto) and Mugi Awaya (Dori Sakurada) look an ideal high school couple, but, they both like someone else. Hanabi Yasuraoka has liked Narumi Kanai (Kouki Mizuta) since she was a kid and Mugi Awaya likes his private tutor Akane Minagawa (Rina Aizawa).
As a couple, Hanabi Yasuraoka and Mugi Awayai have 3 conditions: they are not supposed to like each other, they will break up if either of them succeed in love with their secret crush and they will fulfill their physical desires.

## Cast

* Miyu Yoshimoto as Hanabi Yasuraoka
* Dori Sakurada as Mugi Awaya
* Sarii Ikegami as Sanae Ebato
* Kouki Mizuta as Narumi Kanai
* Rina Aizawa as Akane Minagawa
* Hiroki Ino as Takuya
* Shiori Yoshida as Mei
* Shiho as Moka Kamomebata
* Misato Kawauchi as Misato
* Momo Ogata

## Production
### Development

A live-action TV series adaptation was announced in December 2016.

### Writing

Ere Hagiwara and Motoko Takahashi were both hired to write the script

### Casting

It was announced Miyu Yoshimoto was cast as Hanabi Yasuraoka and Dōri Sakurada has been cast as Mugi Awaya.

## Release

The series was released on January 18, 2017.
# Zuunmod

Zuunmod (Mongolian: ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨᠮᠣᠳᠤ Зуунмод; lit. 'Hundred Trees') is the administrative seat of Mongolia's Töv Province. As of the 2017 census, it had a population of 16,953 and an area of 19.18 km². Zuunmod is located on the south side of Bogd Khan Mountain, 43 kilometres (27 mi) south of the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Zuunmod was established as the administrative center of Töv Province in 1942. Until that time, the administration of the aimag had been located in Ulaanbaatar.
The significant Battle of Jao Modo took place here in early May 1649, ending with the victory for the Qing dynasty.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into six bags, which are:
* Baruun Zuunmod
* Bayankhoshuu
* Lans
* Natsagdorj
* Nomt
* Zuundelger

## Livestock

In 2004, Zuunmod officially had roughly 24,000 head of livestock, among them 8,500 goats, 12,000 sheep, 2,000 cattle, about as many horses, and no camels.

## Climate

Zuunmod has a dry-winter subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc).
Climate data for Zuunmod, 1981–2010 :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −14.2 (6.4) | −10.3 (13.5) | −2.5 (27.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 16.1 (61.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 20.7 (69.3) | 15.1 (59.2) | 6.0 (42.8) | −5.2 (22.6) | −11.9 (10.6) | 5.5 (41.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −24.9 (−12.8) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −14.4 (6.1) | −5.4 (22.3) | 2.2 (36.0) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.3 (52.3) | 9.2 (48.6) | 2.4 (36.3) | −5.8 (21.6) | −15.9 (3.4) | −22.4 (−8.3) | −6.4 (20.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.5 (0.10) | 2.5 (0.10) | 4.4 (0.17) | 7.0 (0.28) | 18.9 (0.74) | 49.0 (1.93) | 73.4 (2.89) | 74.3 (2.93) | 26.1 (1.03) | 9.4 (0.37) | 5.7 (0.22) | 2.8 (0.11) | 276 (10.87) |
| Average precipitation days | 6.0 | 6.0 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 13.9 | 17.0 | 15.3 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 115.2 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization ||||||||||||||

## Notable residents

* Ganzorigiin Mandakhnaran - Mongolian wrestler

## Gallery

* Zuunmod Town Hall
* Togchin Temple ruins
* Zuunmod church
# Angharad Llwyd

Angharad Llwyd (15 April 1780 – 16 October 1866) was a Welsh antiquary and a prizewinner at the National Eisteddfod of Wales. She is generally considered one of the most important collectors and copiers of manuscripts of the period.

## Biography

Llwyd was born at Caerwys in Flintshire, the daughter of the local rector, Rev. John Lloyd, himself a noted antiquary. Her essay entitled Catalogue of Welsh Manuscripts, etc. in North Wales won a prize at the Welshpool eisteddfod of 1824. In 1827 Llwyd edited a revised version of Sir John Wynn's History of the Gwydir Family and in the following year, she was among those awarded silver medals by Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, on his visit to the eisteddfod at Denbigh. She won another first prize at the Beaumaris eisteddfod of 1833.

## Works

* History of the Island of Mona (1832)

## Sources

* ↑ Evan Gilbert Wright. "Llwyd, Angharad (1780–1866), antiquary". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
* ↑ John Davies; Nigel Jenkins; Menna Baines (2008). The Welsh Academy encyclopaedia of Wales. University of Wales Press. p. 516. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
# Chester Northgate railway station

Chester Northgate is a former railway station in Chester, Cheshire, England; it was a terminus for the Cheshire Lines Committee and Great Central Railway. It was the city centre's second station, after Chester General, with regular services to Manchester Central, Seacombe and Wrexham Central.

## History

The station, which was located on Victoria Road in the Newtown area of the city, was originally planned by the West Cheshire Railway in 1865. A year later, the company was acquired by the Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) which opened the station on 1 May 1875 for services to Manchester Central on the Mid-Cheshire Line via Northwich. The CLC track crossed the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and Great Western Railway line over a flying junction at Mickle Trafford.
Chester Northgate had a station building and a covered roof for each platform; it had four tracks with two side platforms, the central tracks being used to store carriages. One of the roofs had been removed by 1966. There were also lower level sidings that contained a locomotive yard.
In 1890, the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (renamed Great Central Railway in 1897) completed the 6 miles (9.7 km) Chester & Connah's Quay Railway to Hawarden Bridge. Services from Chester Northgate ran to Shotton High Level via Blacon and also to Wrexham General and New Brighton on the Wirral.
A triangle junction outside the station allowed trains to either terminate at Chester Northgate or pass through the city without stopping. During the Second World War, the station served military personnel that were based at RAF Sealand and at Blacon Camp.
In 1969, a level junction was installed at Mickle Trafford so that Manchester trains could be diverted to Chester General. Services to Wrexham and New Brighton had previously been withdrawn on 9 September 1968. The station closed on 6 October 1969.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Mickle Trafford East | Cheshire Lines Committee | Terminus |
| Terminus | Chester & Connah's Quay Railway GCR | Chester Liverpool Road |

## Railway line

Although Chester Northgate closed and the line to the station itself lifted, the line north of the station (avoiding Northgate by the Liverpool Road spur) remained for another 25 years. It was used by the Corus steelmaking plant at Shotton until March 1980.
Freight continued to pass north of the former station on a double-tracked line until 20 April 1984. Goods services resumed on a single-tracked line on 31 August 1986, before final closure in October 1992.

## The site today

The site is now occupied by the Northgate Arena. Some of the original railway station railings can still be seen along Victoria Road, opposite the entrance to the arena.
The trackbed is now a footpath and cycleway.
# Downhill Battle

Downhill Battle is a non-profit organization based in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was founded by Nicholas Reville, Holmes Wilson, and Tiffiniy Cheng in August 2003.
Downhill Battle is known for its argument that the four major recording labels have an oligopoly that is bad for both musicians and music culture. It also believes that filesharing can strengthen the role of independent record labels in the music industry, and they help produce software that helps independent artists and journalists reach a wider audience. The group supports what they call "participatory culture" where everyone is a part of creating and sharing art and music.
Downhill Battle are also known for their projects such as Grey Tuesday, Eyes on the Screen, Banned Music, Peer-to-Peer Legal Defense Fund, and more. Downhill Battle made Spin Magazine's Top 100 moments that rocked the world at #81 for the moment when Downhill Battle launched Grey Tuesday and the Grey Album went viral.
The Downhill Battle team also founded the Participatory Culture Foundation (PCF) and Fight for the Future, a freedom of speech and privacy advocacy organization. PCF also has a set of Participatory Politics projects, including a politics news site and a messageboard service that has been a gathering space for self-organizing.
Downhillbattle.org was down for an extended period of time. It was reactivated on October 16, 2011.

## Software

* Blog Torrent, a BitTorrent client.
* Local Ink, first public tool for sending letters to local papers by zipcode with a user interface.
* Conversate, a pre-Facebook website for ad hoc sharing and discussion of links, media, email messages, anything, etc. with any grouping of friends and acquaintances.
# Nail clipper

A nail clipper (also called nail clippers, a nail trimmer, a nail cutter or nipper type) is a hand tool used to trim fingernails, toenails and hangnails.

## Design

Nail clippers are usually made of stainless steel but can also be made of plastic and aluminum. Two common varieties are the pliers type and the compound lever type. Many nail clippers come with a miniature file affixed to them, for manicuring (smoothing) the rough edges of nails, and some come with a nail catcher.
The head of a nail clipper may be either concave or convex. Nail clippers with convex clipping ends are intended for trimming toenails, while concave clipping ends are for fingernails. The cutting head may be manufactured to be parallel or perpendicular to the principal axis of the cutter. Cutting heads that are parallel to the principal axis are made to address accessibility issues involved with cutting toenails.

## History

Before the invention of the modern nail clipper, people would use small knives to trim or pare their nails. Descriptions of nail trimming in literature date as far back as the 8th century BC. The Book of Deuteronomy exhorts in 21:12 that a man, should he wish to take a captive as a wife, "shall bring her home to [his] house, and she shall shave her head and trim her nails". A reference is made in Horace's Epistles, written circa 20 BC, to "A close-shaven man, it's said, in an empty barber's booth, penknife in hand, quietly cleaning his nails."
The first United States patent for an improvement in fingernail clippers (then dubbed "finger-nail trimmers") was filed in 1875 by Valentine Fogerty. Subsequent patents for improvements in fingernail clippers were filed in 1876, by William C. Edge, and in 1878, by John H. Hollman. Later patent filings for fingernail clippers include: one by Eugene Heim and Celestin Matz in 1881, one in 1885 by George H. Coates (for a "finger-nail cutter"), an 1886 patent by Hungarian Inventor David Gestetner, a 1905 patent by Chapel S. Carter, and another by Chapel S. Carter and Hedley P. Carter in 1922.
Around 1913, Chapel S. Carter was secretary of the H. C. Cook Company in Ansonia, Connecticut, which was incorporated in 1903 as the H. C. Cook Machine Company by Carter, Henry C. Cook, and Lewis I. Cook. Around 1928, when Carter was president of the company, he claimed the "Gem" brand fingernail clipper was introduced in 1896.
In 1947, William E. Bassett (who started the W. E. Bassett Company in 1939) developed the "Trim" brand nail clipper, using the jaw-style design that had been around since the 19th century, but adding two nibs near the base of the file to prevent lateral movement, replacing the pinned rivet with a notched rivet, and adding a thumb-swerve in the lever.
# Yevgeny Sadovyi

Yevgeny Viktorovich Sadovyi (Russian: Евгений Викторович Садовый; born 19 January 1973) is a retired Russian freestyle swimmer who won three gold medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics at Barcelona and was subsequently chosen by Swimming World magazine as the Male World Swimmer of the Year.

## Career

Born in Volzhsky, Volgograd Oblast, Sadovyi started swimming at the age of six. In 1981, his family moved to Volgograd, and two years later, young Yevgeny started to train for the international competitions.
In 1991, at the European Championship in Athens, Yevgeny Sadovyi was a gold medallist in the 400 m and 4×200 m relay, both freestyle.
In 1992 at Barcelona, the 19-year-old Sadovyi revealed as the strongest swimmer of the Olympic games, winning three gold medals and setting two world records in the 400 m freestyle and 4×200 m freestyle relay for his team. He missed the Giorgio Lamberti's world record in the 200 m freestyle race by a 0.01 second, but cut 1.47 seconds off Kieren Perkins' record in the 400 m, beating the same Australian swimmer.
In 1993, Sadovyi was second in the 200 m freestyle at the European Championship in Sheffield, plus two other golds in freestyle relays. He retired in September 1996 to work as a swimming coach, first in his native Volgograd, then in Moscow, with the national team, and later in Libya. His trainees include Sergey Ostapchuk and Yekaterina Kibalo.
In 1996, Sadovyi graduated from an Olympic school and later from the State Institute of Sport, both in Volgograd.

## Personal bests

In long-course swimming pools Sadovyi's personal bests are:
* 200 m freestyle: 1:46.70
* 400 m freestyle: 3:45.00
# Jorge de León (baseball)

Jorge Luis de León (born August 15, 1987) is a Dominican former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros.

## Career
### Houston Astros

Signed by scouts Julio Linares and Sergio Beltre, De León began his professional career as a shortstop in 2006, playing for the DSL Astros, hitting .230 in 56 games. Again with the DSL Astros in 2007, De León hit .190 in 52 games. He moved stateside in 2008, playing for the Greeneville Astros and hitting .235 in 32 games. In 2009, he played for the Tri-City ValleyCats and the Lexington Legends, hitting a combined .206 in 66 games. He converted to pitching for the 2010 season, making 23 appearances for the ValleyCats and going 2–1 with a 0.64 ERA.
De León was called up to the majors for the first time on August 8, 2013. On September 18, in the 12th inning, De León retired the opposing side Cincinnati Reds batters on 3 pitches. De León was the first American League player to achieve this in extra innings in over a century, since Hippo Vaughn accomplished the feat in 1910. He was outrighted off the roster on October 17, 2013.

### Oakland Athletics

De León was claimed off waivers by the Oakland Athletics on October 9, 2014. The Athletics designated him for assignment on December 9.

### Chicago Cubs

On January 10, 2015, De Leon signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs.

### Los Angeles Dodgers

The Cubs released de León and he signed another minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers, who assigned him to the Triple–A Oklahoma City Dodgers. He pitched in five games for Oklahoma City and 34 for the Double–A Tulsa Drillers and was 1–4 with a 4.74 ERA. He was released in August.

### Gary SouthShore Railcats

On April 20, 2017, de Leon signed with the Gary SouthShore RailCats of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. He re-signed with the team on August 4, 2018.

### Sugar Land Skeeters

On September 13, 2018, de Leon was traded to the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the 2018 season.
# Jon Burgerman

Jon Burgerman is an English artist living in New York, US.

## Life and work

Jon Burgerman studied art foundation in Bournville, Birmingham, England. He graduated in fine art from Nottingham Trent University in 2001.
In 2004, he designed both the Burgertown track and the Turboweevel ship for Wipeout Pure's European exclusive DLC called Omega pack.
In 2008, he appeared as a guest on the BBC TV show: Blue Peter and he was part of the original The Underbelly Project, which saw artists exhibit in an incomplete 100-year-old subway station deep underneath the streets of New York City.
The year 2008 also saw the publication by IDN of a 300-page monograph of Burgerman's work, Pens Are My Friends, whilst Kidrobot released the 14 piece mini figure vinyl toy collection "The Heroes of Burgertown".
Examples of Jon Burgerman's work are in the public collections of London's Victoria and Albert Museum and Science Museum.
Penguin Random House published Burgerman's first picture book SPLAT! in 2017. Chronicle Books published It's Great to Create in 2017 and Oxford University Press published Rhyme Crime in the UK. Laurence King Publishing published two of his books, Daily Doodle and his coloring book Burgerworld.
The New York Times featured Burgerman in the Fashion & Style section of August 1, 2017 highlighting his Instagram stories and book It's Great to Create. In September 2017, filmmaker Bas Berkhout documented Burgerman's studio and family history in a short film called The Story of Jon Burgerman.