OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran

Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran (Arabic: المفردات في غريب القرآن) is a classical dictionary of Qur'anic terms by 11th-century Sunni Islamic scholar Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. It is widely considered by Muslims to hold the first place among works of Arabic lexicography in regard to the Qur'an.

## Content

It is considered a comprehensive book with an extensive list of rare terms found in the Quran, together with their Arabic definitions and usage, this dictionary is among the first to be produced regarding the difficult terms found in the Qur'an. It is arranged alphabetically.
# Jess L. Baily

Jess Lippencott Baily, alternatively spelled as Lippincott, (born 1960) is an American diplomat.

## Biography

Baily was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1960. He received a Bachelor's of Arts in History and French Literature from Yale University in 1982, and later attained a Master of Arts in European History from Columbia University in 1985.
Baily began working in the Foreign Service in 1985. His early positions saw him working across Africa and Eurasia, including the states of Turkey, Bangladesh, Senegal, and Thailand. From 2005 to 2007, he directed the State Department's foreign press center; from 2007 to 2008, he served in Erbil as the senior representative in Kurdistan; and from 2011 to 2014, he was the deputy chief of mission at the United States' embassy in Ankara. During this last appointment, he would be made acting Chargé d’Affaires to Turkey between July 2014 and September 2014.
Eventually Baily would be appointed as the United States' Ambassador to Macedonia on December 23, 2014, a position he would hold until March 1, 2019. In 2017 he would add his voice to other critics of, then president, Gjorge Ivanov for withholding a mandate from opposition leader, Zoran Zaev, over the inclusion of ethnic Albanians in his proposed coalition. That same year he, alongside the USAID, would come under scrutiny by Judicial Watch for funding the Open Society Foundation in what was described as potential interference in domestic political affairs.

## Personal life

Baily is married to a former foreign service officer and has one son.
Baily speaks French, Turkish, and Thai.
# Betty Corwin

Betty L. Corwin (November 19, 1920 – September 10, 2019) was an American theater archivist, known for her creation in 1970 of what would become the Theater on Film and Tape Archive of the New York Library for the Performing Arts. Corwin proposed the idea of the archive to the library, volunteering her services for the first four years. She would go on to direct the archive for 31 years, retiring from the position in 2000.

## Life and career

Corwin was born as Betty Linkoff in New York City to James Linkoff, a bookmaker, and Mae (née Rosenberg) Linkoff, a homemaker, but grew up in Manhattan. While working as a script reader in a theatrical office, she met Henry Corwin, a dermatologist. She married him in 1943 and then moved with him first to Westport and then finally settling in Weston, Connecticut. While living in Weston, she established and managed a bookstore in Westport while volunteering at the psychiatric emergency department of Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx, New York.
She died September 10, 2019, in Weston, Connecticut.

## Awards

She received a special Tony Award in 2001 for her efforts to archive theater performances. In 2017 she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the League of Professional Theater Women.
# 1983 Kenering by-election

The 1983 Kenering by-election is a by-election for the Perak State Legislative Assembly seat of Kenering in Perak, Malaysia that were held on 9 April 1983. It was called following the resignation of the incumbent, Wan Mohamed Wan Teh on 22 February 1983.

## Background

Wan Mohamed Wan Teh was first elected to the Perak State Legislative Assembly seat of Gerik at the 1974 Perak state election, as a candidate for Barisan Nasional (BN) . He were later appointed as Menteri Besar of Perak in 1977, after the resignation of Mohamad Ghazali Jawi. Wan Mohamed won the state seat of Temenggor in the 1978 Perak state election, and won the state seat of Kenering in the 1982 Perak state election.
On 22 February 1983, Wan Mohamed tendered his resignation as Menteri Besar of Perak, and also his state seat of Kenering, due to health reasons. This was after he suffered a stroke on 25 September 1982, while he was speaking in an official function. He were admitted to hospital after his stroke, and later after his discharge were forced to take a prolonged leave of absence from his official duties, with Ramli Ngah Talib acting as Menteri Besar. His resignation were made effective 1 March 1983, with Ramli officially taking over as Menteri Besar. Wan Mohamed also resigned from his role as BN Perak state liaison chief and United Malays National Organization (UMNO) Parit Buntar division chief, though he remained the party's Supreme Council member and Gerik division chief.
The dates for the by-election and nomination were announced by the Election Commision of Malaysia on 4 March 1983.

## Nomination and campaign

After nominations closed on 24 March 1983, it was confirmed there will be a straight fight between BN and Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) candidate. BN nominated Johan Lahamat, a businessman who is former UMNO Gerik division Youth chief and the current party Gerik town chairman, while PAS nominated Mohd Arif Yaacob, the party's Gerik division chief. Democratic Action Party (DAP), whose candidate contested against Wan Mohamed in the 1982 state election, did not file any nomination for the by-election.

## Timeline

The key dates are listed below.
| Date | Event |
| | Issue of the Writ of Election |
| 24 March 1983 | Nomination Day |
| 25 March - 8 April 1983 | Campaigning Period |
| | Early polling day for postal and overseas voters |
| 9 April 1983 | Polling Day |
# Luz de Viana

Marta Villanueva Cárdenas, known by her pseudonyms Luz de Viana and Marta Villanueva, (b. 25 December 1900 – d. 1995) was a Chilean writer and painter. She specialized in novels and short stories.

## Biography

Marta Villanueva Cárdenas was born in Santiago, Chile. Her first published work was No sirve la Luna blanca (1945), for which she won the Athena Award from the University of Concepción. She is assigned to the "School of Subjectivity" of feminine literature in Chile and of contemporary Chilean writers. As a painter, under the pseudonym Marta Villanueva, she is included in the Grupo Montparnasse. Her husband was Alfonso Bulnes Calvo (1885–1970), Chilean historian, essayist and diplomat. She died in Santiago.
Along with María Carolina Geel [es], Cárdenas is considered to be an important and liberal writer in the field of feminist writing. Cárdenas studied art at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière and studio of André Lothe in Paris.
In 1945, Cárdenas received the Athena Award.

## Citations

* ↑ Guerrero, Leoncio (July 1963). "La Novela Reciente en Chile". Journal of Inter-American Studies. 5 (3): 379–395. doi:10.2307/165133. JSTOR 165133.
* 1 2 Sánchez Latorre 1966, p. 343.
* 1 2 "Luz de Viana" (PDF). El Cronista (in Spanish). M.C.G. 12 June 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
* 1 2 "Lista de Galardonados años anteriores". selloeditorial.udec.cl. University of Concepcion. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
* 1 2 Plath, Oreste. "Autores casados con autoras". escritores.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2013.
* 1 2 3 "Marta Villanueva (1900–1995)". artistasplasticoschilenos.cl (in Spanish). Biblioteca Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
* ↑ Lamperein, Vieira & Molina 2008, p. 391.
* ↑ Oyarzún 2005, p. 454.
* ↑ Walsh, Donald Devenish (February 1947). "Spanish American Literature in 1946". Hispania. 30 (1): 20–26. doi:10.2307/334066. JSTOR 334066.
* ↑ Orozco Vera, María Jesús (1966). "La narrativa femenina chilena (1923–1980)". Cauce: Revista de filología y su didáctica (in Spanish) (16): 295–319. ISSN 0212-0410.
* ↑ Romera 1976.
* ↑ "Marta Villanueva". artistasvisualeschilenos.cl. Museo Nacional Bellas Artes. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
* ↑ Rojas Piña & Pinto Villarroel 1999.
* ↑ Poblete Alday, Patricia; Rivera Aravena, Carla (2003). "El Feminismo Aristocrático: violencia simbólica y ruptura soterrada a comienzos del siglo XX". Revista de Historia Social y de las Mentalidades (7): 57–79.
* ↑ Bindis 2006, p. 388.
# Tomás Medina Caracas

Tomás Medina Caracas, also known as Tomás Molina Caracas and Negro Acacio (15 March 1965 – 1 September 2007), was a Colombian guerrilla member and high-ranking leader of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). He was considered by Colombian authorities to be the mastermind behind the illegal drug trade business and the head of the Eastern Bloc's 16th Front of this rebel group.
He gained notoriety during the FARC-Government peace process (1999-2002) as a key negotiator. He was also notorious for his association with Brazilian drug dealer Fernandinho Beiramar and his involvement in a clandestine arms deal of 10,000 AK-47s for the FARC through the Peruvian government official Vladimiro Montesinos, an adviser of former president of Peru, Alberto Fujimori. Medina Caracas was killed on 1 September 2007, in a Colombian Army military operation in eastern Colombia, within the municipality of Cumaribo near the border with Venezuela.
Medina Caracas had between 17 and 23 legal processes pending with the Attorney General of Colombia, requesting his capture and a red corner notice issued by the INTERPOL. The Colombian Army spent two years searching for Medina Caracas, with him escaping from most of the operations carried out to find him. Just in Colombia, Medina Caracas was charged with narcotrafficking, delinquency, kidnapping, torture, first degree murder, terrorism, extortion and robbery.

## Early years

Medina Caracas was of negroid origin. He became a teacher in a public school in the town of Santander de Quilichao, northern Cauca Department near the vereda known as Mary López where he was born. He later joined the FARC in May 1987 when he was 22 years old under the supervision of guerrilla leader Iván Márquez, a high-ranking member within the FARC chain of command. Apparently his nickname "Negro Acacio" was given by "Mono Jojoy" after one of the "heroes" of the Cuban Revolution.
# Odin-OSIRIS

OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System) is an instrument that measures vertical profiles of spectrally dispersed, limb scattered sunlight from the upper troposphere into the lower mesosphere. OSIRIS is one of two instruments on the Odin satellite, launched February, 2001 (the other instrument being a sub-mm radiometer) into a Sun-synchronous, 6 pm/6 am local time orbit at 600 km. This restricts OSIRIS sunlit observations to the Northern hemisphere in May, June, July and August, and the Southern hemisphere in November, December, January and February. Global coverage from 82°S to 82°N occurs on the months adjoining the equinoxes. OSIRIS measurements began November, 2001 and continue to the present.

## Objectives

* Stratospheric ozone science: To elucidate the geographical extent of, and mechanisms responsible for, ozone depletion in the "ozone hole" region and to study dilution effects and possible heterogeneous chemistry even outside of the polar regions due to sulphate aerosols.
* Coupling of atmospheric regions: To study some of the mechanisms that provide coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere, e.g., downward transport of NO with its effects on ozone photochemistry and the vertical exchange of minor species such as odd oxygen, CO, and H$_2$O.

## Instrument

The OSIRIS spectrograph measures from 274 nm to 810 nm with a single line of sight that is scanned through a range of tangent altitudes. Each scan typically ranges from 7 km to 65 km and takes 80 seconds to acquire. The measurements are used to produce height profiles of O$_3$, NO$_2$, and stratospheric aerosols.
The Odin satellite was operated until June 2007 as a joint mission between astronomy and aeronomy disciplines. 50% of the total observation time was dedicated to each discipline where time was split into 1 day segments. Odin has operated as a purely aeronomy mission since June, 2007, and continues to the present, with almost complete coverage.
OSIRIS is a Canadian instrument, operated by the Canadian Space Agency. The mission PI is Dr. Doug Degenstein, University of Saskatchewan. Odin is operated by the Swedish Space Corporation, with funds from the European Space Agency as a Third Party Mission.

## OSIRIS Data

OSIRIS data is publicly available on the Odin-OSIRIS website, odin-osiris.usask.ca.
Level 0: Radiance Data
Level 1: Calibrated Radiance Data
Level 2: Number Density and Volume Mixing Ratio (VMR) profiles as a function of altitude for O$_3$, Stratospheric Aerosols and NO$_2$.
# Sevinch Salaeva

Sevinch Salaeva (born March 12, 1995), is an Uzbek Judoka, who competes for her nation. She won a bronze medal in the 52 kilograms (115 lb) weight class at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

Sevinch Salaeva was born on March 12, 1995. She trained in judo at the Khorezm Judo School. She took part in the International Blind Sports Federation World Championships in Colorado, United States, in 2014, where she placed fifth overall. Later that year, she won her weight class at the 2014 Asian Para Games in Incheon, South Korea. Salaeva placed fifth once again at the IBSA World Games in Seoul, South Korea.
At the Paralympic Judo Grand Prix event in Rio de Janeiro in March 2016, held as a warm up to that year's Summer Paralympics, Salaeva placed second in the women's 52 kilograms (115 lb) category. At the 2016 Games themselves in September that year, Salaeva took part in the first day of the competition. She was defeated in the semi-finals of the Judo tournament in the 52 kg class, but went on to win the bronze medal match against Canadian Priscilla Gagné. This was Uzbekistan's most successful day so far at the Paralympics, as the nation had only previously won a single medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. Alongside Salaeva's bronze medal, two further gold medals were added.
# Martha Mitchell (author)

Martha Mitchell (died December 14, 2011) was an American librarian and archivist. She was the longtime archivist at Brown University and author of Encyclopedia Brunoniana, a reference work on Brown's history.
A native of Pawtucket, Rhode Island, she attended Tufts University and earned a degree in library science from McGill University. She began working at Brown as a librarian in 1949 and led the archives from the 1960s until her retirement in 2003.
She became known as the university's "unofficial historian" and "trivia whiz," with an "encyclopedic mind [that] was filled with all things Brown."
# Grete Kunz (painter)

Grete Kunz (28 March 1909 – 5 June 1991) was a Czech painter. Her work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# St. Viator Church

St. Viator Church is a historic parish church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago located in the Old Irving Park neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois. The church is located at 4170 West Addison Street.

## History

Founded in 1888 by the Clerics of Saint Viator who administered St. Viator College. The original parish was located on Belmont Avenue and Pulaski Road in Jefferson Township before the town was annexed by the city Chicago.
The Sisters of St. Joseph were invited to direct the parish's school in 1902. By 1904 the parish grew and it relocated to its current location on Addison Street and Kedvale Avenue. Groundbreaking for the current church building was in 1927 and in 1929 it was dedicated by Cardinal George Mundelein. Today, the parish grounds consists of the church, rectory, convent, recreation center, and St. Viator Elementary School which provides education for students pre-kindergarten through eighth grade.

## Architecture

The church was designed by architect Charles L. Wallace in the English Gothic style.

## Church in architecture books

* McNamara, Denis R. (2005). Heavenly City: The Architectural Tradition of Catholic Chicago. Liturgy Training Publications. ISBN 1568545037.
* Lane, George A. (1982). Chicago Churches and Synagogues: An Architectural Pilgrimage. Loyola Press.
# Little Italy, Melbourne

Little Italy in Victoria, Australia (also referred to as simply Lygon Street), is a Little Italy cultural precinct of the Italian community of Melbourne. It is situated along Lygon Street in the inner-Melbourne suburb of Carlton.
According to the 2006 Australian census, Victoria has the largest Italian-Australian population in Australia (around 200,000 statewide), with much of its inner-Melbourne population recorded in the suburbs of Carlton and nearby Brunswick.
Lygon Street is home to a large concentration of Italian restaurants, and is the birthplace of Melbourne's "cafe culture". Because of this, Melbourne was named as a sister city to Milan, Italy in 2004.

## Restaurants

The precinct's renowned Italian restaurant district occupies a number of blocks between Queensberry Street in the South, along Lygon Street, to Elgin Street in the north. Restaurants can also be found along the streets intersecting Lygon Street, towards the Carlton Gardens in the East and the University of Melbourne in the West. The Lygon Street Festa is an annual celebration of Italian culture and cuisine and is Melbourne's first and original street festival held in the district each November.
Towards the centre of the district, on the corner of Lygon Street and Argyle Place, there is a small Italian-inspired piazza named Piazza Italia - a joint-redevelopment by Melbourne and its sister city, Milan, in Italy.
During the annual Australian Grand Prix, the restaurant district is bathed in red and yellow banners in support of the Ferrari Formula One racing team. It was also a major site of Australian celebrations when Italy's national football team won the 1982 FIFA World Cup and 2006 FIFA World Cup.
# Monica I. Orozco

Monica I. Orozco (born in Santa Barbara, California) is a historian and archivist. She is the Director of the Santa Barbara Mission-Archive Library as well as Executive Director of Mission Santa Barbara. She earned her doctorate in History at University of California, Santa Barbara in 1999, completing her dissertation entitled "Protestant Missionaries, Mexican Liberals, Nationalism and the Issue of Cultural Incorporation of Indians, 1870-1900." The dissertation focuses on the opening to foreign Protestants during the liberal era in Mexico, and their shared aim of incorporating indigenous culturally. She has published a portion of her dissertation.
She taught Latin American history at University of California, Santa Barbara, Westmont College, and Santa Barbara City College. She also worked as an editor at ABC-CLIO. Since 2009 she has served as the second lay director and professional archivist at the Santa Barbara Mission Archive-Library. In 2016 she became the first lay executive director of the Santa Barbara Mission. She is featured in a C-SPAN program on the Santa Barbara Mission and the Mission Archive-Library, highlighting the importance of both to the cultural life of the American West, California history, and indigenous history.
# R/AmItheAsshole

r/AmItheAsshole, abbreviated as AITA, is a subreddit where users post about their real-world interpersonal conflicts and receive judgement from fellow redditors. The subreddit allows users to solicit and express opinions about the appropriateness of the actions of people in specific scenarios – especially the actions of the person reporting about the situation.

## History

The subreddit was created in 2013 by photographer and dog rescuer Marc Beaulac to determine if he had been inappropriately mansplaining in a debate with female coworkers about the temperature of their office. The subreddit gained popularity in of 2018. By July 2019, it had 1 million members, which it dubs "potential assholes". A Twitter account used to repost a curated selection of the posts, until it stopped doing so on 5 January 2023.
r/AmItheAsshole is based around the concept of posting situations from users' personal lives for judgement. Any user (typically from a single-use account referred to as a throwaway) can make a post, beginning with "AITA", asking if they're an asshole for what they did in a situation they were involved in. Other users can judge them with the ratings of YTA (you're the asshole), NTA (not the asshole), NAH (no assholes here), or ESH (everyone sucks here). An example of the conundrums posted is "AITA for switching to regular milk to prove my lactose intolerant roommate keeps stealing from me?" As of October 2020, the subreddit receives about 800 scenarios per day.
Princeton University ethicist Eleanor Gordon-Smith said to The Guardian, "There's something almost thrilling about peeking behind the curtain into other people’s lives, hearing their weird thoughts – what they think deep down of their partners, children, friends."
Some posts, such as the December 2021 thread about an orange tabby named Jorts, are shared on other social media platforms, eg Twitter.
In 2023, a group of researchers published a preprint study that used AI to analyze and categorize 369,161 posts and 11 million comments from the subreddit to understand the role of relational obligations in moral dilemmas.
# Siikainen

Siikainen (Swedish: Siikais) is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the former province of Western Finland and is part of the Satakunta region. The municipality has a population of 1,264 (31 December 2024), which make it the smallest municipality in Satakunta in terms of population. The municipality covers an area of 491.33 square kilometres (189.70 sq mi) of which 28.10 square kilometres (10.85 sq mi) is inland water (2018-01-01). The population density is 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi) (31 December 2024). The municipal manager of Siikainen is Heli Kaskiluoto.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Siikainen hosts a buddhist center Samje and the Stupa located there was the northern most in the world until 2016.
# Essie Hollis

Essie B Hollis (born May 16, 1955) is an American former professional basketball player. He played at the small forward position. He played college basketball for the St. Bonaventure Bonnies

## College career

Born in Erie, Pennsylvania, Hollis attended St. Bonaventure University, where he played with the Bonnies.

## Professional career

Hollis was drafted by the New Orleans Jazz, in the second round of the 1977 NBA draft. He spent one season in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the Detroit Pistons, during the 1978–79 season. He averaged, 2.8 points, 1.8 rebounds, and 0.2 assists per game. Before, Hollis had played with Askatuak ("The free ones") in Donostia / San Sebastian, Spain in 1977–78. He also played in Italy.
Hollis won a CBA championship with the Rochester Zeniths in 1979.