OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cragend Silo

Cragend Silo is a Grade II* listed building located at Cragend Farm near the town of Rothbury in Northumberland, England. It was designed and built by Lord Armstrong of Cragside.

## History

William Armstrong (26 November 1810 – 27 December 1900) was an industrialist and inventor who founded the firm of Armstrong Whitworth and developed the business into one of the world's foremost armaments manufacturers. Having spent much of his childhood in Rothbury, in 1862 he returned on a walking holiday, purchased a small parcel of land and built a modest shooting box. Over the next forty years, he enlarged both the house and the estate, making the property one of the most technologically advanced of its time. Armstrong was "especially interested in water power" and expended considerable effort to extending the application of hydraulic power from the industrial into the agricultural and domestic spheres. His home Cragside was the first in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power and the sawmill he designed and built at Debdon, where he combined a turbine with a Siemens horizontal generator was the first development of a hydroelectric power source. The conservators Sarah Schmitz and Caroline Rawson suggest Cragside was "the place where modern living began".
Expanding his landholdings around Cragside, Lord Armstrong acquired Cragend, a nearby 16th-century farmhouse two miles south of Rothbury. He started work on modernising the farm in the 1880s, and around 1895 built the experimental hydraulic silo building now known as Cragend Silo. The design is believed to have been influenced by a French system that Armstrong studied, and was intended to improve the efficiency of processing cut grass into silage. Despite the innovative design, the procedure required a great deal of manual labour: this, coupled with issues caused by fumes emanating from the fermenting grass, led to the silo's abandonment after a short period of operation. Blackburn Lake, which provided hydraulic power for the machinery, was drained around 1930.
Cragend Silo was designated a Grade II* listed building on 25 August 1987.

## Description

The building is constructed of snecked stone, with tooled-and-margined dressings. The central block has a Welsh slate roof, and the two rectangular silage bays are roofed with curved corrugated iron. These each contain eighteen large stone drums, and flank the taller cross-gabled centre, which still contains the hydraulic engine, manufactured by Gilkes & Co, in the basement, and a turbine at ground level. A chopping machine, now removed, was originally housed on the first floor and powered by the turbine below. Grass was fed into the first-floor chopping machine before being loaded by hand into the silos below, where it was compressed by the weight of the stone drums. Hydraulic power was used to lift the drums, and for hoists to lift compressed grass, and workers, out of the silos.

## Restoration

The building is currently (2019) undergoing restoration work, funded by the Historic Houses Foundation, to make it accessible, including the repair of interior stairs and flooring.
# Lithium nitrate

Lithium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiNO$_3$. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid (an alkali metal nitrate). The salt is deliquescent, absorbing water to form the hydrated form, lithium nitrate trihydrate. Its eutectics are of interest for heat transfer fluids.
It is made by treating lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide with nitric acid.

## Uses

This deliquescent colourless salt is an oxidizing agent used in the manufacture of red-colored fireworks and flares.

### Thermal storage

The hydrated form, lithium nitrate trihydrate, has an extremely high specific heat of fusion, 287±7 J/g, and hence can be used for thermal energy storage at its melt temperature of 303.3 K.
Lithium nitrate has been proposed as a medium to store heat collected from the sun for cooking. A Fresnel lens would be used to melt solid lithium nitrate, which would then function as a "solar battery", allowing heat to be redistributed later by convection.

## Synthesis

Lithium nitrate can be synthesized by reacting nitric acid and lithium carbonate.
    Li$_2$CO$_3$ + 2 HNO$_3$ → 2 LiNO$_3$ + H$_2$O + CO$_2$
Generally when forming LiNO$_3$, a pH indicator is used to determine when all of the acid has been neutralized. However, this neutralization can also be recognized with the loss of carbon dioxide production. In order to rid the final product of excess water, the sample is heated.

## Toxicity

Lithium nitrate can be toxic to the body when ingested by targeting the central nervous system, thyroids, kidneys, and cardio-vascular system. When exposed to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, lithium nitrate can cause irritation to these areas.
# Jackie Chan Stuntmaster

Jackie Chan Stuntmaster (titled Jackie Chan's Stuntmaster in PAL's in-game menu) is a 2000 beat 'em up platform video game developed by Radical Entertainment for the PlayStation. Midway Games released it in North America while Sony Computer Entertainment released it in Europe.
It stars martial artist Jackie Chan, who fights his way past numerous villains in different locations across New York City.

## Plot

Jackie's grandfather (Fredrick) has been kidnapped and Jackie needs to get him back. This means fighting his way through New York City to get to him. Jackie also faces a number of different challenges in which the player must use a combination of moves to succeed. The game boasts 15 fully 3D levels with different environmental obstacles to cross.

## Development

The game was showcased at E3 1999. While making the game, Radical Entertainment consulted Jackie at every point so as to give the game the feeling of a Jackie Chan film. This included using Jackie for motion capture, so that the character in the game was performing the same moves as the man himself. He also provided his voice for the game. Also, when the player completes the game with all of the golden dragons collected, a video is shown with Jackie talking about the game as well as behind-the-scenes footage during the motion capture.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 69% |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| AllGame | |
| CNET Gamecenter | 5/10 |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 5.875/10 |
| EP Daily | 8/10 |
| Game Informer | 6.5/10 |
| GameFan | 72% |
| GameSpot | 6.7/10 |
| IGN | 8/10 |
| Jeuxvideo.com | 11/20 |
| Next Generation | |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | |
| PlayStation: The Official Magazine | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B |
The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Jeff Lundrigan of NextGen criticized the game as "one of the least inventive beat-'em-ups in years" and concluded his early review in four words: "Jackie Chan deserves better." GameSpot gave it an average review two-and-a-half months before its release date. GamePro called it "a worthy workout that just lacks a 'wow' factor. It's a nice accompaniment to your Jackie Chan movie rental weekend. But if you're really into throwing fists and busting kicks, then Chan is your man."
# Waldorf, Minnesota

Waldorf is a city in Waseca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 229 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.38 square miles (0.98 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 229 people, 100 households, and 66 families living in the city. The population density was 602.6 inhabitants per square mile (232.7/km$^2$). There were 115 housing units at an average density of 302.6 per square mile (116.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 99.6% White and 0.4% Asian.
There were 100 households, of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.0% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.82.
The median age in the city was 42.1 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 18.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 242 people, 103 households, and 70 families living in the city. The population density was 630.4 inhabitants per square mile (243.4/km$^2$). There were 115 housing units at an average density of 299.6 per square mile (115.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 99.59% White and 0.41% Asian. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.65% of the population.
There were 103 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,941. About 6.2% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 18.9% of those 65 or over.

## History

A post office called Waldorf has been in operation since 1908. According to Warren Upham, the community may be named after Waldorf, Maryland.
# Chinor (Tashkent Metro)

Chinor is a station of the Tashkent Metro on Chilonzor Line. It is the southern terminus of the line. The station was put into operation on 26 December 2020 as part of the third section of Chilonzor line, between Olmazor and Chinor. The adjacent station is Yangihayot.
Until August 2023 this station did not have any official name and temporary name was 5-Bekat. At the same time, there was another 5-Bekat station in Tashkent, which later became Rohat.
# YUO

YUO may refer to:
* ISO code for Yubanakor dialect of Kwanga language
* ISO 4217 currency code for Yugoslav dinar in 1993

## See ALSO Emīla

* You (disambiguation)
# List of Portuguese regions by Human Development Index

This is a list of NUTS2 statistical regions of Portugal by Human Development Index as of 2022.
| Rank | Province | HDI (2022) |
| Very high human development |||
| 1 | Lisbon metropolitan area | 0.907 |
| – | Portugal (average) | 0.874 |
| 2 | Centro | 0.865 |
| 3 | Norte | 0.862 |
| 4 | Algarve | 0.859 |
| 5 | Alentejo | 0.850 |
| 6 | Madeira | 0.829 |
| 7 | Azores | 0.814 |
# The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe

Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe (Russian: Баллада о доблестном рыцаре Айвенго, romanized: Ballada o doblestnom rytsare Ayvengo) is a 1983 Soviet adventure film, based on the 1819 novel Ivanhoe by Walter Scott. It reached the 9th place in Soviet box office distribution of 1983 with 28.4 million viewers.

## Plot

12th century, England. The Knight Commander of the Order of the Templars, Brian de Boisguillebert, rides up to the night fire, near which the Saxon feudal lord Cedric of Rotherwood has settled with his retinue and niece Lady Rowena. Cedric gives him a place near the fire, as well as an approaching pilgrim who has returned from the Holy Land. During the conversation between Cedric and Boisguillebert, it turns out that both of them are going to the tournament in Ashby. Boisguillebert talks about his participation in the Crusade and boasts that the Templars were the strongest in the army of the Crusaders. The pilgrim objects and tells of three knights who defeated the Templars in the tournament. The pilgrim names two, but says that he does not remember the name of the third. Then Boisguillebert admits that the knight defeated him, and the knight is called Ivanhoe, who is also the son of Cedric. Boisguillebert declares that next time he will definitely defeat Ivanhoe.

## Production

The filming took place in Khotyn Fortress and Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle. The movie features songs originally written and performed by Vladimir Vysotsky for the 1975 Soviet film The Arrows of Robin Hood, but removed from the latter for political reasons.
The selection of dogs for the film was carried out by Igor Levin (now known as Daniel Levin after immigrating to the United States). Igor Levin, a science teacher and a respected dog judge in Chernivtsi, Ukraine, was recommended to Mosfilm by the Chernivtsi Service Dog Club and the Chernivtsi Hunting Club for his expertise. To ensure historical accuracy, he advised that hunting dogs be used. As a result, ten dogs were chosen, including a mix of Borzois (Russian Wolfhounds), Fox Terriers, Irish Setters, and a black Great Dane named Grant, who appeared in several scenes.

## Cast

* Tamara Akulova as Lady Rowena
* Peteris Gaudins as Ivanhoe
* Boris Khimichev as Brian De Bois-Guilbert
* Leonid Kulagin as Cedric the Saxon
* Romualds Ancans as Richard the Lionheart
* Boris Khmelnitsky as Robin Hood
* Yuri Smirnov as Friar Tuck
* Aleksandr Filippenko as Wamba
* Vitautas Tomkus as Reginald Front-de-Boeuf
* Algimantas Masiulis as Prince John
* Nikolay Dupak as Prior Aymer
* Maya Bulgakova as Ulrica
* Oleg Fedulov as Knight
* Vladimir Talashko as Messenger
* Grigory Lyampe as Isaac
# Christine Buhl Andersen

Christine Buhl Andersen (born 1967) is a Danish art historian and museum director. After holding a number of high-ranking positions in Danish museums and museum associations, in March 2017 she was appointed director of the New Carlsberg Glyptotek, a museum which builds on the collection of the successful brewer and classical art enthusiast Carl Jacobsen (1842–1914). In August 2019, the New Carlsberg Foundation announced that she was to be appointed its new chair.
In Denmark, she is well known as a frequent competitor on the DR TV programme "Kulturquiz" (Culture Quiz).

## Biography

Born on 27 April 1967 in Copenhagen, Christine Buhl Andersen is the daughter of the architect Charlotte Buhl and the civil engineer S. Palle Andersen. Raised initially in central Copenhagen, when she was seven she moved with her family to Hellerup. At high school, she focused on music and mathematics. After an extensive trip to India, Nepal and Australia, she studied Danish at the University of Roskilde and history of art at the University of Copenhagen, graduating in 1995. She later earned a master's degree in museology in 2007 at Aarhus University, specializing in museum leadership and contemporary art. More recently, she completed a course in museum management at the Getty Leadership Institute in California.
In 1991, Buhl Andersen began contributing articles on culture and literature to Danish newspapers on a freelance basis. From 1995, she helped arrange exhibitions at the Louisiana Museum and Gammel Strand, before becoming curator at Sorø Art Museum in 1999. From 2007, she was chair of the international art committee at the Danish Arts Council until she chaired the board of the Association of Danish Museums in 2011. In parallel, she was director of the Museum of Art in Public Spaces in Køge until she was appointed director of the New Carlsberg Glyptotek in March 2017. In August 2019, Buhl Andersen was appointed chair of the New Carlsberg Foundation. She took up the appointment on 1 March 2020.
# Petre Locusteanu

Petre Locusteanu (Romanian pronunciation:; 1883 – March 1919) was a Romanian journalist and humorist.
He was born in Bucharest. Locusteanu was hired to work at the National Theater of Craiova [Wikidata], but proved unsuccessful as an actor, which pushed him toward a career as a journalist. At Flacăra, he was editor and drama columnist from 1911 to 1914, assisted by Ion Pillat. In 1916, he edited his own bimonthly magazine, Ziarul meu; from 1917 to 1918, in the temporary World War I national capital of Iași, he administered România newspaper. His first published work was the 1910 farce Nevasta lui Cerceluș. This was followed by brief biographies and humorous sketches, collected as Cincizeci figuri contimporane (1913) and Suntem nebuni (1914). His legacy among prose humorists is modest, faring poorly in comparison with other writers of the prewar period, such as I. A. Bassarabescu, D. D. Pătrășcanu, Alexandru Cazaban and Aurel P. Bănuț [Wikidata]. He committed suicide in 1919.
# Hanne Finsen

Hanne Finsen (8 March 1925 – 14 September 2023) was a Danish art historian and museum director who had a special interest in French art. While at the National Gallery of Denmark, in 1970 she arranged the internationally acclaimed Henri Matisse retrospective. In 1978, she was appointed director of both the Hirschsprung Collection and the Ordrupgaard Collection. At Ordrupgaard, she presented a number of exhibitions, including those on Vilhelm Hammershoi and Édouard Manet. In 2005, in collaboration with the Musée du Luxembourg, Finsen presented "Matisse – A Second Life" at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, an exhibition focusing on the painter's later works.

## Biography

Born on 8 March 1925 in Copenhagen, Hanne Finsen was the daughter of the physician Valgard Finsen (1896–1980) and the sculptor Inge Ebstrup (1899–1977). Brought up in a well-to-do cultural environment, after graduating from Øregård Gymnasium in 1943, she studied history of art at the University of Copenhagen. While still a student, she helped arrange a number of exhibitions on French art at Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek and Charlotenborg. In 1957, she married the theatre director Knud Poulsen (1920–2003).
On earning a master's degree with a focus on the French Impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, in 1953 she was appointed scientific assistant on painting and sculpture collections at the National Gallery of Denmark. She created a catalogue of the museum's international collection of modern art, including Johannes Rump's collection which included works by Matisse. In 1958 she became a curator and in 1965 the principal curator for the museum's copper plate engravings. After a study trip the United States in 1960, she became increasingly interested in activities aimed at fostering interest in art collections. In 1967, she arranged an exhibition of engravings titled "Hommage à l'art français" and from 1969 to 1971 she headed work on a retrospective of Henri Matisse which was held in 1970 to wide acclaim.
In 1978, Helsted was appointed director of both the Hirschsprung and the Ordrupsgård collections. Thanks to her enthusiasm, she drew attention to these two museums which had been rather quiet in earlier years. She arranged exhibitions of Wifredo Lam and Eva Sørensen at the Hirschsprung in 1978 followed by "Skagen i København" (Skagen in Copenhagen) in 1979, attracting a considerable number of visitors. Equally successful were her exhibitions at Ordrupgård which included "Vilhelm Hammershoi" (1981), "Gauguin og van Gogh i København" (1893) and "Kapellet i Vence" (1993), presenting works by Matisse. She remained director at Ordrupsgård until 1995.
In 2005, in collaboration with the Musée du Luxembourg, Finsen presented "Matisse – A Second Life" at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, an exhibition focusing on the painter's later works. Presenting some 150 paintings in the 15 years following Matisse's operation in 1941, the exhibition was inspired by Finsen's interest in the correspondence between Matisse and André Rouveyre (1879–1962).
Finsen died on 14 September 2023, at the age of 98.
# Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government

Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, 522 U.S. 520 (1998), was a United States Supreme Court case. The local tribal council in Venetie, Alaska, wanted to collect tax from non-tribal members doing business on tribal lands. The Supreme Court granted certiorari on appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which had ruled in the tribe's favor, saying they occupied Indian Country.
The Court decided unanimously that the land was not the tribe's land subject to the tribal tax, even though it was owned by the tribe, because it was not part of a Native American reservation. Because all but one reservation in Alaska (the Annette Island reservation of the Tsimshian) had been eliminated by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, the decision had the practical effect of prohibiting almost all Indian tribes in Alaska from collecting taxes for activities conducted on tribal land. Taxing authority is reserved as a right of the states and federal government.
The State of Alaska, the petitioner, was represented by John G. Roberts, who later became the Chief Justice of the United States. The respondent was represented by Heather Kendall-Miller, an attorney of Athabascan descent.
# Allied-Signal, Inc. v. Director

Allied-Signal, Inc. v. Director, 504 U.S. 768 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, if a company is in multiple and independent lines of business in and outside a state, then that state may tax the company's income from in-state activities only.
# American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Scheiner

American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Scheiner, 483 U.S. 266 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a state tax on using motor vehicles on the highway is unconstitutional when the amount of the tax is not calculated to be proportional to highway use and when the tax treats in-state and out-of-state road users differently.

## Aftermath

The Supreme Court remanded the case to the Arkansas Supreme Court. While the case remained pending, the state of Arkansas began holding the collected taxes in escrow on the order of Circuit Justice Harry Blackmun. The Arkansas Supreme Court then reconsidered the tax in light of Scheiner and ruled it unconstitutional. However, the court declined to order refunds for taxes paid before the August escrow order, saying Scheiner could not be applied retroactively. The court nevertheless determined that the tax money paid into escrow after the August order should be refunded. In American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Smith, the Supreme Court allowed that decision to stand.
# Lluçà

Lluçà (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of Lluçanès in Catalonia, Spain. It is subdivided into the town of Santa Eulàlia de Puigoriol [Wikidata], and the much smaller village of Lluçà. This village, prominent because of its monastery, gives its name to the surrounding natural comarca of Lluçanès.
In 2015, the municipality voted to join a proposed new comarca of Lluçanès, but the plan was put on hold due to insufficient support. Formerly part of Osona, it was finally incorporated into the new Lluçanès comarca in 2023.

## History

Lluçà was part of the County of Roussillon area and governed by the Counts of Roussillon during the 6th and 7th centuries. Throughout the end of the 8th century and the middle of the twelfth century, Lluçà was governed by various Counts of Barcelona.

## Demography

| 1900 | 1930 | 1950 | 1970 | 1986 | 2008 |
| 613 | 834 | 677 | 528 | 299 | 255 |

## Sites of interest

* Remains of the Castle of Lluçà
* Romanesque hermitage of Sant Vicenç del Castell. A circular building with a hemispherical vault and small apse. Documented since 988, the present structure dates from the 11th and 12th centuries.
* Monastery of Santa Maria de Lluçà. A Romanesque church with Gothic murals.
# Sadananda Swami

Sadananda Swami is a Hindu honorific title and may refer to:
* Ayyavu Swamikal (1814-1909), Indian spiritualist and social reformer
* Sadananda Das (1908-1977), German-born Gaudiya Vaishnava leader