OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Armenak Khanperyants Military Aviation University

The Armenak Khanperyants Military Aviation University (Armenian: Արմենակ Խանփերյանցի անվան ռազմական ավիացիոն համալսարան) is a higher educational institution of the Armenian Air Force functioning under the Ministry of Defense of Armenia. Its mission is to prepare and train officers capable of implementing defense tasks in peace and war. It is located in Nor Hachn in the Kotayk Province. Former defense minister Vigen Sargsyan described it as the "Feeder vein of military aviation".

## History

It was established on 14 April 1992. By the decision No. 420 of the Government of Armenia, the Republican Aero Club and Arzni Airport were transferred to the subordination of the Ministry of Defense. On 1 April 2005, the university was named after Marshal of Aviation Sergei Khudyakov, using the Armenian version of his name. In 2013, the institute admitted 5 women in 2013, the first military academy to do so. The next year, the Vazgen Sarkissian Military University admitted its first group of female cadets. Now, in 2020, the Prime Minister of Armenia’s wife has formed the first all-women military unit in the ancient country’s history. Since 2015, a course program on "Human Rights" has operated in the university. In 2019, the complex of the Vazgen Sargsyan Military University was merged with the aviation university's complex. In May of that philanthropist Mikael Vardanyan donated 43 million drams worth of exercise equipment to both universities.

## Training

The faculty of the university provides basic engineering and general military knowledge, while the other 3 faculties are specialized in aviation, signals (aircraft), and anti-aircraft warfare. Arzni Airport serves as the training base of the university. Since 2002, the liaison officers of the Signal Troops Department have been trained at the university, with the first batch graduating in 2006.

## Notable alumni/students

* Artur Grigoryan, the director of the communication division who was killed in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
* Eva Ghazaryan, the first female graduate of the Kristapor Ivanyan Military College.
* Valerie Danelin, Chief of Staff of the Gyumri Assault Aviation Squadron who was killed in action during the 2020 war.
# Storsveen

Storsveen is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arvid Storsveen (1915–1943), Norwegian military officer
* Rolf Storsveen (born 1959), Norwegian biathlete
* Odd Arvid Storsveen [Wikidata] (born 1952), Norwegian historian
# Joseph Case

Joseph ben Abraham Case (also Casa or Kaza; Hebrew: יוסף בן אברהם קאזי‎ or קאזא‎) was one of the foremost Polish rabbis and Talmudists of the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth; died at Posen about 1610. His name, "Case" or "Kaza" is most probably only a variant of the well-known surname "Cases." This would argue for Italian descent; but it does not agree with the fact that Case called himself "Shapiro," as Bloch has conclusively proved.
After serving as chief rabbi of Lemberg, Case became city rabbi of Posen, while Mordecai ben Abraham Jafe was the district rabbi of Greater Poland. Although Case apparently left no writings, he was one of the first Talmudic authorities of his time, as may be seen from Benjamin Aaron Solnik's responsum No. 22, and Meïr ben Gedaliah of Lublin's responsum No. 88. Case's son Solomon (died January 2, 1612, at Lemberg) was also an eminent Talmudist.
# Teddy bear parachuting

Teddy bear parachuting, sometimes referred to as parafauna, is a game in which teddy bears equipped with parachutes are dropped from a height. It is increasing in popularity as a charity fundraiser, and competitions based on the descent time are also common.
A typical teddy bear parachute may be made from an old umbrella canopy or other lightweight material. A simple hemispherical pattern of multiple tapered gores may be sewn from ripstop nylon kite or sail fabric. Many bears are dressed and fully equipped with parachute packs, helmets and goggles.
While jumps are commonly from high buildings such as church towers and castles, some are more ambitious, with at least one regular event including parachuting from a light aircraft.
The first bears to do a jump from a light aircraft are still around, and go under the name of the "Ted Devils". A unique item that takes place at airshows (including those at fêtes and private functions) devised and run by a well known UK display pilot and aircraft. Additionally, these bears are fund raisers that support the local community, by letting the local community take part in the event before the day.
Parachuting bears are also lifted by kite and released with a dropper mechanism. This method is cheap and highly portable. Kites such as parafoils or large deltas are particularly suitable for this. As many kite fliers also make their own kites, the parachutes are usually self-manufactured too. Most bears must be lifted aloft along with the kite. Some small bears may be transported along the line of an already flying kite by a messenger, a small carriage with sails. When the messenger reaches the top of the kite line, the bear is released automatically. This is a much simpler method for repeated drops or charity events.
The parachuting of teddy bears was used as a political statement when several hundred of the stuffed toys bearing protest slogans were dropped over the Belarus city of Minsk on 4 July 2012.
# Lauri Aus

Lauri Aus (4 November 1970 – 20 July 2003) was an Estonian professional cyclist who represented his native country at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992.

## Early life and career

Aus was born in Tartu and grew up in the village of Luua in Jõgeva County. His professional cycling career began in 1995 with the French cycling team Mutuelle de Seine-et-Marne. After four wins in 1996, he was signed to Casino the following year alongside countryman Jaan Kirsipuu. He remained with this team until his death, which was renamed the AG2R Citroën Team in 2000. Aus won a Tour du Limousin (1997), a Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine (1998), Classic Haribo (1998) and a Grand Prix d'Isbergues (1999). In 1999, he was fifth at Milan–San Remo. In 2000, he became Estonian road champion.
In 1992, 1996 and 2000, Aus represented his home country at the Summer Olympic Games. At the 1992 Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, he finished fifth in the road race.

## Death and legacy

On 20 July 2003, while cycling on the Aovere-Kallaste-Omedu road in Tartu County in preparation for a later race in Karksi-Nuia, he was struck from behind by an Opel Ascona. He died of his injuries en route to a hospital, aged thirty-two. He was buried at Raadi cemetery in Tartu. The driver of the vehicle was determined to have been drunk and later sentenced to three and a half years imprisonment.
Since 2004, the Lauri Aus GP memorial cycling race is held annually at the Pirita-Kloostrimetsa race circuit, next to the Pirita Velodrome, in Tallinn in honour of Aus.
In July 2019, a memorial bench commemorating Aus was opened to the public in Aus' hometown of Luua, by Aus' parents, children, widow, first coach Kalev Raudsepp, and politician Aivar Kokk.

## Major results
### 1992

    National Road Race Champion
    5th Olympics Road Race

### 1994

    National time trial Champion

### 1997

    1st Tour de Limousin, stage 3
    1st Tour de Limousin, General Classification
    1st Tour de Pologne, stage 1

### 1998

    1st Classic Haribo
    1st Tour de l'Oise, stage 1
    2nd Tour de l'Oise, General Classification
    1st Tour du Poitou-Charentes, stage 1
    1st Tour du Poitou-Charentes, General Classification
    3rd Tour de Limousin, General Classification
    National Road Race Champion
    National time trial Champion

### 2001

    1st Tour du Poitou-Charentes, stage 4
    3rd Tour du Poitou-Charentes, General Classification

### 2003

    3rd Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen, General Classification
# West Howe

West Howe is a suburb of Bournemouth, Dorset, England, located in the north-west provinces of the borough.
Largely consisting of affordable housing owned by the Local Authority, many of the homes have been purchased by long term residents of the area.

## Origins

The district takes its name from the Old English noun 'howe', usually defined as denoting a ridge of elevated ground. Certainly, there is a ridge of high land in this part of Bournemouth, and it was along this ridge that the hamlets of High Howe, West Howe and East Howe were established.
The area was mainly farmland until the early years of the twentieth century, when E. A. Elliot moved his pottery works here from Bear Cross further north. The clay was superior to that at Bear Cross and from 1912, roofing tiles and terra cotta ware were manufactured here in addition to bricks that were being used in the course of Bournemouth's urban expansion. By 1927, bricks for domestic fireplaces were also being manufactured here along with drainage pipes, this continuing until 1966 when the potteries were closed.

## Development

There were few properties in West Howe whilst the area was part of the Canford estate, with the exclusion of six Lady Wimborne Cottages which housed farm labourers in this rural area. However, in the late 1940s Bournemouth Borough Council began developing estates in the wake of the post-war housing crisis. However, a few pre-war properties did exist. On the western boundary of the area stood the Shoulder of Mutton pub and next to this, a house built by Mr. Sherry, a baker from Winton in Bournemouth, who had become mentally unstable and had retired from the bakery; periodically, he was said to ride on a white horse through Winton, announcing himself as the new Messiah.
Life on the post-war estates at West Howe was hardly idyllic; Stillmore Road, in particular, acquired the nickname "Slag Alley", on account of the black dust that billowed into houses from the roof-high mounds of slag on nearby industrial land. Several types of slag could be found lurking in West Howe properties. A deputation of tenants raised the matter with Bournemouth Borough Council in 1958. The council solved the problem by putting the slag company in touch with a local firm that made breeze blocks out of clinker slag; this appears to have abated the nuisance.

## Community

In 2007, it was reported that West Howe was one of the most economically deprived areas in England, with an estimated 37% of the population living below the poverty line. West Howe has three schools, three churches, two community centres, a library, a post office and a health centre in Cunningham Crescent. The parade of shops in Cunningham Crescent include a charity shop, a pharmacy, a post office, hairdressers, a convenience store and a takeaway.

## Politics

West Howe is part of the Bournemouth West parliamentary constituency. West Howe is part of the Kinson ward which elects three councillors to Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council.
# Internal media of the Chinese Communist Party

Internal media of China enables high-level Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cadres to access information that is subject of censorship in China for the general public.
As He Qinglian documents in chapter 4 of Media Control in China, there are many grades and types of internal documents (Chinese: 内部文件; pinyin: nèibù wénjiàn). Many are restricted to a certain administrative level – such as county level, provincial level or down to certain official levels in a ministry. Some Chinese journalists, including Xinhua correspondents in foreign countries, write for both the mass media and the internal media.
Since Xi Jinping became CCP general secretary, internal reports have been increasingly subject to censorship previously reserved only for public media.

## Types of documents

The PRC State Secrecy Protection Law (保守国家秘密法; bǎoshǒu guójiā mìmì fǎ) Section Nine stipulates three grades of state secrets: top secret (绝密; juémì), secret (机密; jīmì) and confidential (秘密; mìmì) as well as a fourth grade of information, internal materials (内部资料; nèibù zīliào) that may be read by Chinese citizens only.
The Chinese State Secrecy Protection Law Implementing Regulations (国家秘密法实施办法; guójiā mìmì fǎ shíshī bànfǎ) section two defines these grades of secrecy and the permissions allowed to government departments at each level. In each Chinese administrative region, Party organizations such as committees and disciplinary committees, government organizations such as people's congresses, governments, and consultative congresses, and military organizations such as military districts and their provincial military districts, and the hundreds of agencies subordinate to them issue these three types of internal documents.
# Cross-country skiing at the 1960 Winter Olympics

At the 1960 Winter Olympics six cross-country skiing events were contested. The competitions were held from Friday, 19 February, to Saturday, 27 February 1960. All the races took place at McKinney Creek Stadium, Tahoma, California, United States.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Sweden (SWE) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | Finland (FIN) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Soviet Union (URS) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 4 | Norway (NOR) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 15 km details | Håkon Brusveen Norway | 51:55.5 | Sixten Jernberg Sweden | 51:58.6 | Veikko Hakulinen Finland | 52:03.00 |
| 30 km details | Sixten Jernberg Sweden | 1:51:03.9 | Rolf Rämgård Sweden | 1:51:16.9 | Nikolay Anikin Soviet Union | 1:52:28.2 |
| 50 km details | Kalevi Hämäläinen Finland | 2:59:06.3 | Veikko Hakulinen Finland | 2:59:26.7 | Rolf Rämgård Sweden | 3:02:46.7 |
| 4 × 10 km relay details | Finland (FIN) Toimi Alatalo Eero Mäntyranta Väinö Huhtala Veikko Hakulinen | 2:18:45.6 | Norway (NOR) Harald Grønningen Hallgeir Brenden Einar Østby Håkon Brusveen | 2:18:46.4 | Soviet Union (URS) Anatoly Shelyukhin Gennady Vaganov Aleksey Kuznetsov Nikolay Anikin | 2:21:21.6 |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 10 km details | Marija Gusakova Soviet Union | 39:46.6 | Liubov Baranova Soviet Union | 40:04.2 | Radia Eroshina Soviet Union | 40:06.0 |
| 3 × 5 km relay details | Sweden (SWE) Irma Johansson Britt Strandberg Sonja Ruthström-Edström | 1:04:21.4 | Soviet Union (URS) Radia Eroshina Marija Gusakova Liubov Baranova | 1:05:02.6 | Finland (FIN) Siiri Rantanen Eeva Ruoppa Toini Pöysti | 1:06:27.5 |

## Participating nations

* Argentina (1)
* Australia (1)
* Bulgaria (4)
* Canada (2)
* Czechoslovakia (1)
* Finland (12)
* France (4)
* United Team of Germany (14)
* Great Britain (3)
* Hungary (2)
* Italy (9)
* Japan (4)
* South Korea (1)
* Norway (7)
* Poland (9)
* Soviet Union (11)
* Sweden (12)
* Switzerland (5)
* United States (10)
# Knowsley, Merseyside

Knowsley (/ˈnoʊzli/), commonly known as Knowsley Village, is a large village and civil parish in Merseyside located on the north-east outskirts of Liverpool, within the much larger Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley It gave its name to the wider borough when it was formed in 1974.
Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, at the 2001 Census it had a population of 11,343. The parish includes Knowsley Hall and Knowsley Safari Park. There are three main built-up areas in the parish: the village of Knowsley itself, the southern end of the nearby Knowsley Business Park to the north, and in the south-west a suburban area including Stockbridge Village and the northern fringe of Huyton. To the west of Knowsley is the area of Woolfall Heath.

## General information

Knowsley Village consists primarily of two residential areas: a council estate, and a private estate. There is a parade of shops on Sugar Lane that serve the local community.
The village has one public house, The Derby Arms. A second pub, the Pipe and Gannex, was demolished in 2018. There are two public parks, The Rec, off Knowsley Lane, and Mill Lane, as well a woodland in the centre of the village, Syders Grove.
Millbrook Manor, a prominent building on the village green, served as the Village school until the 1980s, when it was redeveloped as a restaurant. As of 2019, it was being converted into residential accommodation.
The village has two churches, the Anglican St Mary's and the Roman Catholic St John Fisher. St Mary's is a grade II listed building built by the Stanley family in the late 19th century.

## History

The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon Cēnwulfes lēah, meaning "Cēnwulf's wood/clearing".
The village of Knowsley is hundreds of years older than the neighbouring city of Liverpool. Its name occurs in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Chenulveslei in the ancient hundred of West Derby in South Lancashire, and has been recorded as Knuvesle (1199); Knouselegh (1258); Knouleslee (1261); Knusele (1262); and Knouslegh (1346).
There are a few notable entries in Knowsley's history:
* King Henry VII visited in 1495.
* William Shakespeare is said to have performed in a play held in Knowsley in 1589.
* Capability Brown is responsible for creating some of Knowsley's landscaped gardens in the 1770s.
* Edward Lear wrote "The Owl and the Pussycat" while staying at Knowsley Hall.
From 1895 the area was part of Whiston Rural District in Lancashire. On 1 April 1974 the village became part of the newly formed Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in the nascent administrative county of Merseyside.
# The Shadow King

The Shadow King may refer to:
* The Shadow King (film), a 2011 film project by Henry Selick cancelled in 2012
* The Shadow King (novel), a 2019 novel by Maaza Mengiste
* The Shadow King (play), a 2013 play by Tom E. Lewis and Michael Kantor based on King Lear
# Theo Benedet

Theo Benedet (born October 12, 2001) is a Canadian professional football offensive tackle for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played U Sports football for the UBC Thunderbirds.

## Early life

Benedet was born in Toronto, Ontario and grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia. He attended Handsworth Secondary School. He grew up a fan of the BC Lions but did not compete at football seriously until he was in 10th grade at Handsworth. He committed to play U Sports football for the University of British Columbia (UBC) Thunderbirds.

## University career

Benedet immediately became a starter on the offensive line for UBC as a first year in 2019. The 2020 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He appeared in seven games during the 2021 season. In 2022, he was named first-team All-Canadian and was the winner of the J. P. Metras Trophy for best lineman nationally, helping the team have one of the best U Sports rushing offences along with reaching their first Hardy Cup in four years. He was the only U Sports player selected to the 2023 East–West Shrine Bowl. Although projected to be a top pick in the 2023 CFL draft along with fellow UBC offensive lineman Giovanni Manu, they both opted to return for a final season. In 2023, Benedet repeated as a first-team All-Canadian selection and as the winner of the J. P. Metras Trophy, becoming the first offensive lineman to win the trophy twice in a row; he also helped the Thunderbirds reach the Vanier Cup for the first time since 2015.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) | 295 lb (134 kg) | 32+1⁄8 in (0.82 m) | 9+3⁄4 in (0.25 m) | 5.16 s | 1.77 s | 3.01 s | 4.60 s | 7.69 s | 34.5 in (0.88 m) | 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) | 23 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||||
Benedet was invited to the College Gridiron Showcase. In addition to being projected as a top pick for the 2024 CFL draft, he also received attention as a potential selection in the 2024 NFL draft. He was not selected in the NFL draft, but later signed with the Chicago Bears as a undrafted free agent. Benedet was later drafted in the second round (15th overall) by the BC Lions in the 2024 CFL draft. He was waived on August 27, and re-signed to the practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 6, 2025.
# Tarleton State Texans baseball

The Tarleton State Texans baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas, United States. The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I and is a member of the Western Athletic Conference.

## NCAA Tournament appearances
### Division II

Tarleton State appeared in NCAA Division II baseball tournament four times. They had a record of 2–8.
| Year | Opponent | Result |
| 1998 | West Georgia Texas A&M-Kingsville Alabama Huntsville | L 0–5 W 10–8 L 6–14 |
| 2011 | Central Missouri UIW | L 2–3 L 4–8 |
| 2014 | West Texas A&M New Mexico Highlands Texas A&M Kingsville | L 10–13 W 13–9 (10) L 6–8 |
| 2018 | West Texas A&M Colorado Mesa | L 2–7 L 2–3 (11) |
# W. H. Collier

William Henry "Yank" Collier was an American football coach. He was the tenth head football coach at The Apprentice Schoolin Newport News, Virginia and he held that position for two seasons, from 1938 until 1939. His coaching record at Apprentice was 6–11–1.
# Louise Astoud-Trolley

Louise Astoud-Trolley (August 1817 – 15 January 1883) was a French sculptor and painter.

## Biography

Born in Paris, Louise Pauline Marie Astoud became a student of her mother and of the painter Jean-Jacques Monanteuil [fr]. She exhibited in the Paris Salon from 1865 to 1878. She was the secretary of the artist's society founded by Isidore Taylor. She married François Alfred Trolley de Prévaux, a professor in the faculty of law at the University of Caen, and chevalier of the French Légion d'honneur.

## Works
### Sculpture

* Auguste Préault, Salon of 1865, bronze medaillon. Collection of the musée d'Orsay, Paris
* Elie Sorin, bas-relief, musée des beaux-arts d'Angers
* La Vierge et l'Enfant entourés de saint Julien et saint Nicolas de Myre, oil on canvas, after the work of Lorenzo di Credi (1494), Allières. église paroissiale Saint-Roch

### Painting

* Jesucrist aparegut a la Magdalena, 1866.
* Retrat de l'emperadriu Eugenia de Montijo (1869) replica from the original by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.
* La Verge amb el Nen i Sant Julià i Sant Nicolau de Mira, painting. Parochial Church of Saint-Roque, Allières·. copied from the original 1994 work by the Florentine painter Lorenzo di Credi.
# Cavallotti

Cavallotti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elisabetta Cavallotti [Wikidata] (born 1967), Italian actress
* Felice Cavallotti (1842–1898), Italian politician, poet, and author
* Maximiliano Cavallotti (born 1984), Argentinian footballer
* Rubén W. Cavallotti (1924–1999), Argentinian film director
# Samye Debate

Samye Debate, also called Council of Lhasa, Council of Samye, Debate of Samye or Great Debate, was an eighth-century debate over whether enlightenment happened gradually or suddenly. The debate's historicity is contested, and extant accounts of the debate differ on the details of its proceedings. The various accounts agree that the debate was hosted by Tri Songdetsen at Samye Temple and consisted of two factions: the suddenists, represented by the Chinese monk Moheyan, and the gradualists, represented by the Indian monk Kamalaśila.

## Accounts

The debate is discussed in:
* The Testament of Ba
* The Debate on Sudden Awakening in the Great Vehicle (頓悟大乘正理決 Ch. Dunwu dasheng zhengli jue) by Wangxi 王錫
* The Chöjung Metok Nyingpo of Nyang Nyima Özer
* Pudön's History of Buddhism

## Outcome

While the Debate on the Sudden Awakening in the Great Vehicle claims that Moheyan won the debate but committed suicide in disappointment upon seeing the insufficient spiritual capacities of his new students, Tibetan sources claim that Kamalaśīla won. Both Wangxi and Pudön agree that Moheyan committed suicide shortly after the debate, whether out of disappointment after winning or out of shame after losing, and that Kamalaśīla's gradualist teachings were left to flourish in Tibet.
In Tibetan Buddhism, the debate is cited to explain why Tibet gravitated towards Indian Buddhism and not Chinese Buddhism.