# Rajkot

Rajkot (Hindi: ) is the fourth-largest city in the Indian state of Gujarat after Ahmedabad, Vadodara, and Surat, and is in the centre of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Rajkot is the 35th-largest metropolitan area in India, with a population of more than 2 million as of 2021. Rajkot is the 6th cleanest city of India, and it is the 22nd fastest-growing city in the world as of March 2021. The city contains the administrative headquarters of the Rajkot District, 245 km from the state capital Gandhinagar, and is located on the banks of the Aji and Nyari rivers. Rajkot was the capital of the Saurashtra State from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956, before its merger with Bombay State on 1 November 1956. Rajkot was reincorporated into Gujarat State on 1 May 1960.

## History

The name of the city of Rajkot (literally means the city of princes) was probably derived from Raju Sandhi, the co-founder of the erstwhile princely state of Rajkot district in 1620. Rajkot has been under different rulers since it was founded. It has had a long history and had a significant influence in the Indian independence movement. Rajkot was home to many personalities like Mahatma Gandhi. Rajkot is in a transition period of growing cultural, industrial, and economical activities. Rajkot is the 26th largest city in India and the 22nd fastest-growing urban area in the world.
Rajkot was the capital of Saurashtra state from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956 before merging in bilingual Bombay State on 1 November 1956. Rajkot was merged into Gujarat State from bilingual Bombay state on 1 May 1960. Thakur Saheb Pradyumansinhji died in 1973. His son, Manoharsinhji Pradyumansinhji, has carved out a political career at the provincial level, succeeded him. He served as a Member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly for several years and as the state Minister for Health and Finance. Monoharsinhji's son, Mandattasinh Jadeja has embarked on a business career.
On 26 January 2001, the 7.7M$_w$  Gujarat earthquake shook Western India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 13,805–20,023 dead and about 166,800 injured. This earthquake mainly affected the Kutch region of western Gujarat.

## Geography

Rajkot is located at 22°18′N 70°47′E﻿ / ﻿22.3°N 70.78°E﻿ / 22.3; 70.78. It has an average elevation of 128 metres (420 ft). The city is located on the bank of Aji River and Nyari River which remains dry except the monsoon months of July to September. The city is spread in the area of 170.00 km$^2$.
Rajkot is situated in the region called Saurashtra in the Gujarat state of India. The significance of Rajkot's location is that it is one of the prime industrial centres of Gujarat. Rajkot has a central location in the area called the Kathiawar peninsula. The city is located within the Rajkot district in Gujarat. Rajkot city is the administrative headquarters of the district of Rajkot. The district is surrounded by Botad in the east, and Surendranagar in the north, Junagadh and Amreli in the south, Morbi in the northwest and Jamnagar in the west and Porbandar in the southwest.

### Climate

Rajkot has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh), with hot, dry summers from mid-March to mid-June and the wet monsoon season from mid-June to October, when the city receives 670 millimetres or 26 inches of rain on average. However, this rainfall varies greatly from year to year – for instance less than 160 millimetres or 6.3 inches fell in 1911 and 1939 but more than 1,300 millimetres or 51 inches in 1878 and over 1,450 millimetres or 57 inches in the incomplete year of 1959. The months from November to February are mild, the average temperature being around 20 °C or 68 °F, with low humidity.
One of the most important weather phenomena that is associated with the city of Rajkot is the cyclone. The cyclones generally occur in the Arabian Sea during the months after the rainy season. The region experiences a lot of rainfall and high-speed winds during the time of the year after the monsoon season as well as the months of May and June. However, June experiences lesser amount of rainfall and winds than the post-monsoon time. Thunderstorms are another important part of the Rajkot weather in the months of June and July. During summer time, the temperature ranges between 24 and 42 °C (75.2 and 107.6 °F). In the months of winter, Rajkot temperature varies between 10 and 22 °C (50.0 and 71.6 °F) but on a whole winters are pleasant.
Climate data for Rajkot Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1952–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.4 (97.5) | 40.0 (104.0) | 43.9 (111.0) | 44.8 (112.6) | 47.9 (118.2) | 45.8 (114.4) | 40.6 (105.1) | 38.8 (101.8) | 42.8 (109.0) | 41.9 (107.4) | 39.8 (103.6) | 37.6 (99.7) | 47.9 (118.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.6 (83.5) | 31.4 (88.5) | 36.0 (96.8) | 39.6 (103.3) | 41.0 (105.8) | 38.1 (100.6) | 33.0 (91.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.4 (92.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 33.6 (92.5) | 30.3 (86.5) | 34.4 (93.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.7 (81.9) | 31.2 (88.2) | 33.2 (91.8) | 31.9 (89.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.6 (83.5) | 29.3 (84.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 27.6 (81.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 19.5 (67.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.5 (76.1) | 23.9 (75.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 18.6 (65.5) | 14.3 (57.7) | 21.1 (70.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | 6.1 (43.0) | 10.0 (50.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.1 (68.2) | 16.7 (62.1) | 12.2 (54.0) | 7.2 (45.0) | 2.8 (37.0) | −0.6 (30.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.7 (0.03) | 0.1 (0.00) | 0.1 (0.00) | 1.3 (0.05) | 3.8 (0.15) | 130.0 (5.12) | 293.3 (11.55) | 195.2 (7.69) | 125.1 (4.93) | 23.7 (0.93) | 2.7 (0.11) | 0.2 (0.01) | 776.3 (30.56) |
| Average rainy days | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 8.5 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 31.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 29 | 25 | 19 | 19 | 28 | 50 | 71 | 71 | 60 | 35 | 30 | 30 | 39 |
| Source 1: India Meteorological Department ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020) ||||||||||||||
Rajkot has been ranked 14th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results'

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Rajkot recorded a total population of 1,390,640. Rajkot city has an average literacy rate of 82.20%, higher than the national average. The population is 52.43% male and 47.47% female. Most of the population is Hindu with a Muslim and Jain minority.
Religions in Rajkot M Corp. (2011) :
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 89.90% | 89.90% |
| Islam | Islam | 7.68% | 7.68% |
| Jainism | Jainism | 1.90% | 1.90% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.20% | 0.20% |
| Distribution of religions |||||
Hinduism was the main religion, practiced by 89.90% of the population. Islam was the second-largest religion (7.68%). Jains were 1.90%.
* Gujarati (94.6%)
* Hindi (2.71%)
* Others (2.69%)
At the time of the 2011 census, 94.60% of the population spoke Gujarati and 2.71% Hindi as their first language.

## Culture

The people in Rajkot are predominantly vegetarians. The women of Rajkot are fond of jewellery. Large chains, pendants and other heavy gold jewellery are a common sight during marriages, festivals and functions. The attire changes with the season and festivals.
Rajkot is multicultural. One can find many languages, like Gujarati, Hindi, Urdu, English, Sindhi, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam and Marathi. However, only Gujarati, Hindi, Urdu, and English are well understood. Rajkot is the part of Kathiyawad. Because of this, people of Rajkot are also known as Kathiyawadi.
Rajkot is frequently referred to as Rangilu Rajkot (રંગીલુ રાજકોટ), meaning "Colourful Rajkot". Rajkot is also called as "Chitranagri" (City of Paintings).

### Landmarks

Rajkot has many historical landmarks and places. The Jubilee Garden is a large, open park in the centre of the city featuring many monuments from colonial times. Located prominently in the centre of the garden is the Connaught Hall. Other notable points of interest near the garden include the historic Mohandas Gandhi High School (Now Mahatma Gandhi Museum), Kaba Gandhi No Delo (Mohandas Gandhi's childhood residence), Rashtriya Shala, Watson Museum, Rotary Dolls Museum, Lang Library, Rotary Midtown Library and Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium.
The Rotary Dolls Museum has a collection of more than 1,400 dolls from all over the world. This museum is being managed by Rotary Club of Rajkot Midtown along with Rajkot Nagrik Sahakari Bank. The Museum has earned a place in Limca Book of Records for its unique collection of dolls.
The Trimandir, a non-sectarian temple founded by Dada Bhagwan, is located at a short distance from the city.

### Awards

Best LAW and Order city – 2013 Best Housing & Transport City- 2015 Safe City Award for Rajkot Eye-Way Project 2018 Best city for Women Safety- 2013 Best City Cleanliness and Sanitation- 2013 National Winner of WWF's One Planet City Challenge 2018 National Award For Implementation of Food Safety Act-2016

### Performing arts

Rajkot is a major regional centre for the arts, with many venues for the performing arts in the city. Hemu Gadhavi Natyagraha.

### Music

Rajkot has its own native music genre, called day, which is used to convey folk stories and sayings.

### Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in the city. One-day internationals, domestic tournaments such as the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy and many inter-school and collegiate tournaments are played at the Madhavrao Sindhia Cricket Ground. The newly constructed 2nd International Cricket Stadium situated in Rajkot, Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium, formerly known as Khandheri Cricket Stadium, is a cricket stadium in Khandheri, about 15 kilometers outside Rajkot, India. The Stadium has a capacity of 28,000 to 32,000 spectators. In this cricket stadium, Day/Night matches can now also be played. The stadium hosted its 1st International Cricket Match played on 11 January 2013 between India and England. The stadium will part of a larger sports complex that will include venues for other sports such as badminton, basketball, and volleyball. It will host Saurashtra Cricket Association matches along with Madhavrao Sindhia Cricket Ground. Rajkot has produced cricketers such as Karsan Ghavri and Cheteshwar Pujara who have been members of the Indian cricket team. Rajkot has many other cricket grounds around city, including Railway Cricket Ground and Rajkumar College South Ground. Apart from cricket, other sports such as hockey, association football, volleyball, badminton, tennis, table-tennis, chess, swimming, and squash are rapidly growing popular in the city. There has been a significant increase in recent years in the number of private sports clubs, gymkhanas, and gymnasiums. Kathiawar gymkhana, indoor stadium, and swimming pools of Rajkot Municipal Corporation are major sports clubs in the city. Recently, the Gujarat Hockey Team (Under 14) was assembled with all 16 players coming from Rajkot. A new modernized cricket ground is even under construction at the outskirts. There are numerous swimming pools too. Rajkot Municipal Corporation also owns a 9-hole golf course at Ishwaria. It is maintained by Green Meadows Golf Club.

### Festivals

Garba is popular among both, men and women and is performed during the festival of Navratri. The dance starts before midnight and continues until dawn. Mata Ambe, who rides a lion, has a special reverential status with any highly religious Gujarati. The 'Janmastami Mela' is organised for five days at the Race Course grounds to celebrate Janmastami. Diwali is one of the most important festival and is usually a week long holiday. Rajkot Municipal Corporation arranges the annual Fireworks Show for the citizens of Rajkot during the Diwali festival. The festival of Eid is also celebrated by the Muslim population. Holi is also celebrated with frolic and is widely enjoyed by most of the city folk. People also celebrate Uttarayan (Makar Sankranti) on 14 January by flying kites from their terraces.

## Economy

The city contributes to the economy of the state with heavy and small scale industries under the patronage of Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) and Gujarat State Financial Corporation (GSFC). The economy of Rajkot was supported with a 280 million World Bank aid for development of infrastructure of the city. The plans are already in place to beautify and modernise the ancient city, including a Rock Garden, ala Chandigarh. Another 250 million project to rebuild the Kaiser-e-Hind, the only major bridge linking to the city, is already nearing completion.

### Real estate

Real estate has been a key contributor to Rajkot's development in terms of economic and infrastructure development. Since early 2014, several high-rises have been built in Rajkot.
* High street
* Kings plaza
* Atlantis Flats

### Industry

Products made in Rajkot include jewellery, silk embroidery and watch parts. Industrial products include bearings, diesel engines, kitchen knives and other cutting appliances, watch parts (cases and bracelets), automotive parts, forging industry, casting industry, machine tools, share market and software development. The city is also home to several CNC machine and auto parts manufacturers.
There are about 500 foundry units in Rajkot. The cluster came up mainly to cater to the casting requirements of the local diesel engine industry. The geographical spread of the cluster includes Aji Vasahat, Gondal Road, Bhavanagar Road areas, Shapar, Veraval and Metoda. The majority of foundry units in Rajkot produce grey iron castings for the domestic market. About 2% of the foundry units export castings such as electric motor castings and automobile castings.
Rajkot also houses Western Region Pipelines Headquarter of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) near Gauridad village. Also natural gas industries like GSPL and GSPC are also present. A petroleum depot of IOCL is also present.
In the near future, the government of Gujarat will allocate large land areas for the development of Special Economic Zone which will be split into three areas and will include industries such as software and automobiles. As per recent market reviews, Rajkot is becoming Asia's biggest automobile zone.

## Infrastructure
### Rajkot Greenfield Smart City

The city involves development of a Green Field Area covering approximately 930 acres of land with an estimated project cost of Rs 2100 cr. The project is envisaged to have world class, Smart physical infrastructure with utilities that are environment friendly, sustainable, functionally smart and technology driven.

## Law and government

Rajkot is governed by many government bodies, including Jilla Seva Sadan (Rajkot District Collector Offices), Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot Urban Development Authority.
| Preceded byPradip Dav | City Mayor Sep 2023–present | Succeeded byNaynaben Pedhadiya |
| Preceded byAnand Patel | City Municipal Commissioner April 2023–present | Succeeded byTushar D. Sumera |
| Preceded byIPS Raju Bhargava | City Police Commissioner May 2022–present | Succeeded byBrajesh Kumar Jha |
The city civic body has started a 24x7 call centre, the first of its kind in Gujarat and the second in the country to take care of all complaints relating to civic management. Citizens can now get all their complaints registered with the Rajkot Municipal Corporation by dialling a single number with an assurance that the problem would be addressed within 72 hours.
The Rajkot City Police are responsible for law enforcement and public safety in Rajkot, India. They are a subdivision of the state police force of Gujarat and are headed by a commissioner. The Rajkot police force is responsible for the protection and safety of Rajkot citizens.

## Transport

Rajkot is connected to major Indian cities by air, railway and road.

### Roads and highways

The Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC) runs regular buses to and from Rajkot to other cities of Gujarat. More than 81000 people travel daily with GSRTC. Rajkot is very well connected with Gujarat State Highways and Rajkot is allocated the vehicle registration code GJ-3 by RTO. There are a number of private bus operators connecting city with other cities of Gujarat state and other states of India.

### Rail and internal transport

Rajkot has two railway stations. Rajkot Junction railway station (station code: RJT) is the more widely used railway station for passenger trains, and has services to all the major cities of India. Its elevation is 128 m above sea level. The other, smaller, railway station is Bhaktinagar Railway Station (station code: BKNG), served only by trains from Somnath, Veraval, Junagadh and Porbandar.
Rajkot Municipal Corporation has restored city bus services with Public Private Partnership in 2007. RMC and a private company is providing around 80 CNG buses under 15 to 20 routes in city and suburbs.
Recently Rajkot BRTS was launched on 1 October 2012. a new Bus rapid transit System (BRTS) with launching of the 10-km long Blue corridor and two AC buses which will be free for the first three months. The corridor is located in the west part of the city through the 150 ft ring road connecting Madhapar chokdi on the Jamangar road to Gondal chokdi on the Gondal road. The corridor will host 11 buses in further stage.
Rajkot BRTS Route
The fully completed project in future will have two more corridors – green and red from Arvind Maniyar Nagar to Saurashtra University and Greenland Chowk to Saurashtra University respectively involving 157 buses in three colours. Rajkot thus becomes the second city in Gujarat to have BRTS after Ahmedabad. The city of Surat too is planning an ambitious BRTS project, construction of which is going on presently.

### Air

Rajkot International Airport (IATA: HSR, ICAO: VAHS) is located at Hirasar, along National Highway 47 (NH-8B) connecting Ahmedabad and Rajkot, about 36 km (22 mi) from the city. There are daily flights to Mumbai, Delhi, and Indore, and several weekly flights to Bengaluru, Goa, and Pune served by IndiGo and Air India.
The older Rajkot Airport (IATA: RAJ, ICAO: VARK) remains open for general aviation, including charter flights. All commercial operations were shifted to the Rajkot International Airport on 10 September 2023.

## Media and communications

State-owned All India Radio has a local station and has FM channel 102.4 Vividh Bharati in Rajkot which transmits various programs of mass interest. Rajkot Also has Private Local news Media and Digital website. Private FM stations like Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, Red FM 93.5, Big 92.7 FM and 94.3 MY FM also serve the people of Rajkot with excellent entertainment and events.

## Education

* Christ College building
* PDM College of Commerce, one of the oldest colleges in the city
* RK University
Rajkot is famous for providing education to Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhiji), at the Alfred High School. A number of schools in the city are run by Rajkot Municipal Corporation. They include 20 schools and learning centres, which consist of 3 elementary schools, 7 middle schools, 4 junior high schools, 4 senior high schools, 1 education centre, and 1 special school. Rajkot is home to Rajkumar College, Rajkot, also known as RKC. RKC is the oldest of the Chiefs' schools of India similar to Mayo College at Ajmer and Daly College at Indore.
Rajkot also has the Union Government HRD Ministry run Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya. It was started at the Juni Khadki school premise of Sir Lakhajiraj High School and later moved to its own building on the Jamnagar Road. It is a CBSE Board affiliated, residential school for girls and boys, providing education to those selected at the Class VI level all India entrance test.
The city is home to Saurashtra University, several colleges, and other institutions of higher education, both public and private. Rajkot has three private universities, RK University (RKU), Atmiya University and Marwadi University. The city has 12 engineering colleges. It has a Performing Arts College (Vocal, Classical dance, Tabla Vadan etc.) opposite Hemu Gadhvi Natya Gruh. The Saurashtra University is the city's public university. It is spread across approximately 410 acres (1.7 km$^2$) of green land with 28 post-graduation departments.
AIIMS Rajkot, an AIIMS institute has started its medical college with its inaugural batch of MBBS Students in December 2020.