OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eugene Amano

Eugene Philip Amano (born March 1, 1982) is a Filipino former professional American football player for the Tennessee Titans from 2004 to 2013 as both a center and guard, he replaced eight time All-Pro selection Kevin Mawae as starting center in 2010. Amano is one of three NFL players to be born in the Philippines, along with Tim Tebow and Fred Jones.

## Early life

He attended Rancho Bernardo High School in San Diego, California, where he was an all-conference performer as an offensive and defensive lineman during his senior season and also lettered in basketball and track.
Late into his senior year, Amano had no scholarship offers and planned to walk-on to either the University of New Mexico or San Diego State University. But when SE Missouri State called one of his high school coaches about players on his team, he sold the recruiters on Amano. The recruiters acquired a tape of Amano and immediately offered him a scholarship.

## College career

He attended Southeast Missouri State University. As a senior, he won the Division I-AA Dave Rimington Trophy, given annually to top center in college football at each level of competition. Amano was also named first-team All-American by the American Football Coaches Association, The NFL Draft Report and Football Gazette.

## Professional career

Projected to go undrafted by Sports Illustrated, who labeled him as "a solid practice-squad prospect," Amano was ranked as the No. 20 center available in the 2004 NFL draft. He was eventually selected in the seventh round, 239th overall, by the Titans. He was the seventh of nine centers selected in this draft, and also the first offensive lineman selected from Southeast Missouri State since Dan Peiffer in 1973.
For his first four NFL seasons, Amano served primarily as a reserve at both center and guard. In 2008, he replaced left guard Jacob Bell in the starting lineup, and went on to start 31 games at that position. In 2009, Amano was a member of an offensive line that blocked for the NFL's second-best rushing attack (162.0 yards per game) allowed just 16 sacks, the second fewest in the NFL.
On February 17, 2010, he signed a five-year, $26.25 million contract with $10.5 million guaranteed. Amano was moved to center to replace a retiring Kevin Mawae.
Amano was released by the Titans in 2013 after missing the entire 2012 season due to a torn triceps injury.

## Post-career

After retiring from football, Eugene Amano and his brother Fred Amano purchased four existing L&L Hawaiian Barbecue franchises in their home town of San Diego and have since opened more franchises for the restaurant chain including one in Cool Springs, Tennessee, near Nashville.

## Personal life

Amano is married to Frances Santos. The couple splits time between Nashville, Tennessee, and San Diego, California. Amano developed The Amano Family Foundation to benefit inner-city youth of National City, California.
# Murray v. Giarratano

Murray v. Giarratano, 492 U.S. 1 (1989), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that capital defendants do not have a constitutional right to counsel in state collateral postconviction proceedings.

## Background

The case originated in a § 1983 class action lawsuit brought by death row inmate Joseph M. Giarratano in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Giarratano alleged that he and other death row inmates had a constitutional right to counsel in collateral proceedings challenging their convictions and sentences, and that the state of Virginia was not meeting its obligations to guarantee this right. The District Court agreed that Virginia was not meeting its constitutional obligations and ordered it to appoint postconviction counsel for indigent death row inmates who sought to file habeas corpus petitions. On appeal, a divided three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed the district court's ruling. This panel's ruling, in turn, was reversed by the full Fourth Circuit sitting en banc, which upheld the District Court's ruling in Giarratano's favor.

## Supreme Court decision

The Supreme Court voted 5–4 to reverse the en banc Fourth Circuit on the grounds that, under the circumstances of the case, Virginia had taken adequate steps to make counsel available to indigent death row inmates. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote an opinion concurring in the judgment only, stating that
   While Virginia has not adopted procedures for securing representation that are as far reaching and effective as those available in other States, no prisoner on death row in Virginia has been unable to obtain counsel to represent him in postconviction proceedings, and Virginia's prison system is staffed with institutional lawyers to assist in preparing petitions for postconviction relief. I am not prepared to say that this scheme violates the Constitution.
Because all four dissenting justices argued that there was a right to government-appointed counsel in capital postconviction proceedings, and because Kennedy's concurrence also endorsed the existence of this right, some legal commentators have argued that Giarratano did not rule that there was no right to counsel in such proceedings. For example, Eric M. Freedman states that "[t]o read Giarratano as holding that states have no obligation to provide postconviction counsel to death row inmates is to misread it. On the contrary, five, and perhaps six, Justices plainly believed that states do have such an obligation."
# 1943 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards

The 1943 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards ceremony was held in Buenos Aires on 10 January 1943 to honour the best films and contributors to Argentine cinema in 1942. This was the first time the awards had been presented.

## Awards given

* Best Film (Mejor Película): The Gaucho War (La guerra gaucha)
* Best Director (Mejor Director): Lucas Demare for The Gaucho War
* Best Actor (Mejor Actor): Arturo García Buhr for The Kids Grow Up (Los chicos crecen)
* Best Actress (Mejor Actriz): Amelia Bence for The Third Kiss (El tercer beso)
* Best Original Screenplay (Mejor Guión Original): Hugo Mac Dougall for Malambo
* Best Adapted Screenplay (Mejor Guión Adaptado): Ulises Petit de Murat and Homero Manzi for The Gaucho War
* Best Foreign Film (Mejor Película Extranjera): John Ford's How Green Was My Valley (1941)
* Special Prize (Premio especial): Dante Quinterno for his short animated colour film Upa en apuros
# Yatra 2

Yatra 2 is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language political fiction written and directed by Mahi V. Raghav. It stars Mammootty, reprising his role of Y. S. Rajasekhar Reddy, and Jiiva in the role of Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy. It is the direct sequel of Yatra (2019) and based on the padayatra of Jagan from 6 November 2017, to 9 January 2019, representing the YSR Congress Party for the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Yatra 2 was released on 8 February 2024 to mixed to negative reviews.

## Plot

The film narrates the events leading up to the rise of Jagan Reddy . After the demise of YS Rajasekhara Reddy, his son Jagan wants to console the people through 'Odarpu Yatra'. While some party members want him to be the next Chief Minister, the party high-command doesn't approve it. They file cases on Jagan and pressurize him to accept their decision. He disobeys them and launches his own political party. The party high-command and the opposition party join hands to bring him down. He loses 2014 elections but eventually wins 2019 elections to become the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.

## Cast

* Mammootty as Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
* Jiiva as Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy
* Ketaki Narayan as Y. S. Bharathi
* Suzanne Bernert as Sonia Gandhi
* Sachin Khedekar as Ghulam Nabi Azad
* Subhalekha Sudhakar as Reddy
* George Maryan as blind man

## Reception

123telugu rated the film with 3/5 stars, stating, "Yatra 2 is an honest attempt to showcase the happenings in the personal and political lives of YS Jagan after his father Rajashekara Reddy’s demise. Mammootty and Jiiva shine in their roles. Music composer Santhosh Narayanan elevates the movie to the next level. On the flip side, the lack of emotional connection in a few intense scenes, a slow-paced second half, and a few untouched events in YS Jagan’s life serve as the drawbacks. If you are a fan of the respective leader, you will find Yatra 2 as the best biographical political movie, but if you watch it as a normal audience, you will walk out with the feeling of watching a decent film.".
The Times of India rated 3/5, writing "Yatra 2 is a thought-provoking exploration of political perseverance and personal resilience. Jiiva's portrayal of YS Jagan Mohan Reddy is powerful , offering a window into the complexities of political leadership and familial legacy. This political drama sheds light on the dynamics of power, and governance, appealing to viewers differently depending on their political affiliations".
Raghu Bandi of The Indian Express rated the film with 1/5 stars and wrote "Yatra 2 is strictly for YSRCP and YS Jagan Mohan Reddy fans. There is not much of politics or biography here. It is just a drumroll supporting Jagan."
# Umbrail Pass

Umbrail Pass (Italian: Giogo di Santa Maria, German: Wormerjosch or Umbrailpass) is a high mountain pass on the Italy–Switzerland border, connecting Santa Maria in Val Müstair with Bormio in the Adda valley. On the Italian side, it connects to the Stelvio Pass road and the Valtellina. It is currently the highest paved road in Switzerland.
The sign at the top of the pass gives its elevation as 2,503 metres (8,212 ft) above sea level, but the reference level for Swiss elevation measurements has changed since the sign was erected, leaving 2,501 metres (8,205 ft) as the correct value according to current elevation.
The pass is named after the "Piz Umbrail", a nearby mountain peak.

## History

The pass, which in medieval times was the primary route through the region, was initially known as the Stelvio Pass, Juga Rætica, or mons Braulius (after Braulio of Zaragoza). It was formerly used to connect Tyrol with Lake Como, which allowed a link between the Habsburg domains in the County of Tyrol and those in the Duchy of Milan; this role was superseded by the modern Stelvio Pass which opened in 1820. In 1901, the modern road was built, and automobile transit began in 1925.
The road has been entirely asphalted since 2015. The last unpaved section was a 1.5 km stretch on the Swiss side, running between elevations of 1,883 and 2,012 metres (6,178 and 6,601 ft). During the 2017 Giro d'Italia, Umbrail Pass was reached during the stage from Rovetta to Bormio.
# John Wheeler (college administrator)

John Wheeler (1815–1881) was an American educator, the second principal of Baldwin Institute, and the first president of Baldwin University in Berea, Ohio. Baldwin College would eventually merge with nearby German Wallace College to become Baldwin–Wallace College. Wheeler has a building named after him on the Baldwin Wallace University campus.

## Biography
### Life

Dr. John Wheeler was born in Portsmouth, England, on April 7, 1815. In 1819 his family moved to America and settled in Bellefontaine, Ohio. In 1824 Wheeler joined the Methodist Church and eventually joined the Norwalk Seminary in 1835. He attended Allegheny College from 1837 to 1839 and Indiana Asbury University until 1840. Once leaving Asbury University, he became principal of Franklin Institute in Indianapolis, Indiana. While there, he married Mary Yandes. The two had had seven children. In 1842 he left Franklin to teach Latin at Asbury until 1854.

### Baldwin Institute

In 1855, Wheeler became the 2nd principal for the recently established Baldwin Institute (1846) founded by John Baldwin. He became the first president of Baldwin College in 1855, and during his presidency, his wife, Mary Yandes, died. In addition, Wheeler assisted in the establishment of a German department with James Wallace, which eventually established German Wallace College on June 7, 1864.

### Later years

Wheeler left Baldwin University in 1870 to become president of Iowa Wesleyan University, now called Iowa Wesleyan College. Wheeler served at the First Methodist Church in Keokuk, Iowa, and eventually moved to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, where he died on June 18, 1881.

## Legacy

Wheeler assisted in the establishment of the German Department at Baldwin Institute. This department led to the eventual development of German Wallace College. Eventually, due to the financial difficulty of both schools, German Wallace and Baldwin University would become Baldwin-Wallace College. Today Baldwin-Wallace College now is Baldwin Wallace University.
In 1872, Hulet Hall (named after Hulet's wife) was built using Berea sandstone, at an original cost of $10,000. Hulet was eventually torn down in 1972. Recitation Hall was built in 1891 (now called Wheeler Hall); the ground-breaking ceremony was led by Mary Baldwin, John's daughter. Wheeler hall is named after John Wheeler. Wheeler Hall is located on the university's north part of campus near Baldwin Library.
On December 1, 1978, John Wheeler's Home, located at 445 S. Rocky River Dr in Berea, Ohio, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
# Arkville station

The Arkville station, MP 48.1 on the Ulster and Delaware Railroad (U&D), and MP 37.52 on the Delaware and Northern Railroad (D&N), was another busy station, as this served as a junction between the two railroads. This station bore a strong resemblance to the Grand Hotel station and the Pine Hill station, which both looked like longer versions of the Mount Pleasant station.

## Ulster and Delaware

This station was built when the Rondout and Oswego Railroad got to Arkville (then called Dean's Corners) in 1871, covering the site of the ancient Tuscarora Indian headquarters. In addition to the station the U&D also constructed a freight house, engine house, water tower, coaling tower and turntable here. Helper engines were added to eastbound trains here to help on the steep grade to the summit at Grand Hotel station.
Major shippers here included the Luzerene Chemical Company and Callanan Industries. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Luzerne operated a large wood acid factory located on the flats west of the U&D and north of the D&N. This factory was served by a long siding running south from the U&D. Calanan received large quantities of material used in highway construction up through the 1970s, processing them in a plant located on the flat south of the present Arkville yard. In the town of Arkville, there were several churches, stores, hotels, and even a local waterworks. This station survived until the end of passenger service on the U&D, on March 31, 1954, when the station was abandoned and left to deteriorate. It was hit by a runaway milk truck in the 1960s, and was so badly damaged that it was torn down for fear someone would get hurt. Now, the freight half of the Halcottsville Railroad Station and a group of benches are in its place. The U&D's Arkville freight house is now the Arkville station for the Delaware and Ulster Railroad.

## Delaware and Northern

Arkville was the eastern terminus of the Delaware and Northern. The D&N track ended at the switch just east of the Route 28 highway crossing, but its trains were allowed to enter the yard and use the turntable. West of New York State Route 28 the D&N had its own freight house, which still stands today as a laundromat, a pizza parlor and an apartment complex. The D&N ran this freight house and did business at the Arkville station until it went bankrupt in 1942. Its equipment was sold for scrap and the railroad was torn up, making way for the new Pepacton Reservoir, which submerged over two-thirds of its right-of-way. The New York Central acquired the portion of the D&N running past the D&N's old freight house and served a retail coal dealer located there until the line was abandoned, on October 3, 1976.
# Pollard v. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.

Pollard v. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 532 U.S. 843 (2001), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that front pay is not an element of compensatory damages under the Civil Rights Act of 1991 and thus is not subject to the damages cap imposed by the Act. Front pay, as opposed to back pay, is a "monetary remedy available when circumstances dictate that it is not possible for the employee to be reinstated."
# Salamini–Luxor TV

Salamini–Luxor TV was an Italian professional cycling team that existed from 1966 to 1967. The team competed in the 1967 Giro d'Italia, with their rider Vittorio Adorni winning stage 20. Adorni also notably won the overall classification of the 1967 Tour de Romandie with the team.

## Major wins
### 1967

    Stage 20 Giro d'Italia, Vittorio Adorni
    Overall Tour de Romandie, Vittorio Adorni
    Coppa Bernocchi, Vittorio Adorni
    Giro di Romagna, Bruno Mealli
    Giro di Sardegna, Luciano Armani
    GP Monaco, Luciano Armani
    Coppa Placci, Luciano Armani
# United Arab Emirates Army

The United Arab Emirates Army (UAEA) is the land force branch of the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces.The UAE Armed Forces were officially formed in 1976, unifying the military forces of the individual emirates under a single command.

## History

From January 1993 to April 1994, UAE Armed Forces participated in humanitarian operations in Somalia under the United Task Force (UNITAF) and UN Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II). UAE land forces supplied a 640-man group in four rotations during this period.
UAE and its Land Forces participated in the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission (2001-2014) and committed to contribute to the follow-on mission of ISAF; the Operation Resolute Support.
During the 2015 Yemeni Civil War the United Arab Emirates Army (together with other GCC soldiers) intervened in support of fighters loyal to the ousted regime of Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi against Houthi militants. UAE troops assisted anti-Houthi fighters in the re-taking of Aden and Al Anad Air Base. On 4 September 2015 the army lost 52 soldiers in war in Yemen to a tactical ballistic missile strike. UAE has since deployed an entire armoured brigade to Yemen. Up until November 2017 the UAE forces have had 120 dead. On 3 May 2018, UAE deployed over 100 troops, artillery and armoured vehicles to the Yemeni archipelago of Socotra in Arabian Sea without prior coordination with the Government of Yemen. After landing, UAE forces expelled Yemeni soldiers stationed at some installations, including Socotra Airport and the flag of United Arab Emirates was raised above some government buildings in Hadibu.

## Equipment

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Armed Forces are well-equipped with modern and advanced military hardware, sourced from various countries, primarily the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. The equipment covers a wide range of military platforms, including aircraft, naval vessels, armored vehicles, and sophisticated weaponry.

## Structure

There are 8 brigades and 1 battalion within the Union land forces of the UAE:
* Royal Guard Brigade
* 2 Armored Brigades
* 3 Mechanized Infantry Brigades
* 2 Infantry Brigades
* Artillery Battalion (3 Regiments)
Two additional Mechanized Infantry Brigades are stationed in Dubai but are not included in the Union force structure.
# Ramón Artigas

Ramón Artigas (1 March 1908 – 4 January 1995) was a Spanish swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Duke Ping of Jin

Duke Ping of Jin (Chinese: 晉平公; pinyin: Jìn Píng Gōng), personal name Ji Biao, was from 557 BC to 532 BC the ruler of the Jin state. He succeeded his father, Duke Dao, who died in 558 BC.

## Battle of Zhanban

In 557 BC, soon after Duke Ping ascended the throne, Jin fought its last major battle with its traditional enemy Chu at Zhanban (湛阪, in present-day Pingdingshan, Henan Province). Chu was defeated and lost all of its territory north of Fangcheng. The Battle of Zhanban marked the end of the eight-decade-long Jin-Chu rivalry, as a weakened Chu would be consumed by numerous wars with its new enemy Wu, culminating in the 506 BC Battle of Boju, when the Wu army would capture and destroy the Chu capital Ying. Meanwhile, Jin would increasingly be riven by internal strife that would ultimately lead to its partition into the new states of Han, Zhao, and Wei.

## Battle of Pingyin

In 555 BC, Duke Ling of the State of Qi switched his alliance from Jin to its enemy Chu. In response, Duke Ping invaded and inflicted a crushing defeat on Qi. The Jin army occupied large swathes of Qi territory, besieged the Qi capital Linzi, and burned down the outer portion of the city.

## Rebellion of Luan Ying

In 550 BC, Jin general Luan Ying (欒盈) from the powerful Luan clan rebelled at Quwo with support from Duke Zhuang II of Qi. Aided by the Wei clan, Luan's forces captured the capital Jiang (綘), before being defeated by the Jin army. Luan Ying was killed at Quwo and the Luan clan was exterminated. Two years later Jin attacked Qi again for supporting Luan's rebellion.

## Death and succession

Duke Ping reigned for 26 years and died in 532 BC. He was succeeded by his son Yi, Duke Zhao of Jin.
# Battus III of Cyrene

Battus III of Cyrene, surnamed The Lame (Greek: Βάττος ο Χωλός, flourished 6th century BC) was the fifth Greek Cyrenaean king and a member of the Battiad dynasty.
Battus was the son and only child of king Arcesilaus II and queen Eryxo. His paternal grandfather was the third Cyrenaean King, Battus II, while his paternal grandmother is unknown. His maternal grandmother was the princess Critola, while his maternal grandfather was a noble whose name is unknown and was murdered by Learchus (a rival to Arcesilaus II) in 550 BC. Battus II and Critola were siblings and were children to the second Cyrenaean King Arcesilaus I. Their paternal grandfather was the first Cyrenaean King, Battus I.
Battus received the surname The Lame because he was born with a defective leg that caused him to limp. Battus was proclaimed King in 550 BC by his maternal uncle Polyarchus, when his uncle and his mother Eryxo had successfully plotted to kill Learchus, who murdered Arcesilaus II and attempted to become king.
During his reign, Battus realised that Cyrenaica had become an unstable state, from the unstable relations with the Libyans, Egyptian Pharaoh Amasis II and the attempted overthrow of his late father and himself from Learchus. He visited the Oracle at Delphi for advice and consulted the priestess, on what he could do about Cyrenaica. The priestess advised Battus to go and visit Mantineia in Arcadia and ask for a man called Demonax, who could assist him to reform the Cyrenaean constitution. Demonax was held in high regard by the Mantineians and held a high position there.
Battus returned to Cyrene with Demonax to assist him in reforming the constitution. Demonax reformed the Cyrenaean constitution and did the following. He divided Cyrenaica into three groups:
* Greeks from Thera (modern Santorini)
* Greeks from the Peloponnese and Crete
* Greeks from the other Aegean Islands
Demonax created a Senate which controlled Cyrenaica. The senate's members were representatives from the three groups and the king was the senatorial president. The new constitution reduced the powers, responsibilities and authority of the king. The monarchy remained, but the king had only the authority to grant land to citizens and to function as a high priest in charge of religious duties. Demonax also put in place ephors to punish impostors and created a 300-strong armed police force patrolling and protecting Cyrenaica.
To further protect Cyrenaica from the Libyans and their aristocracy, Battus made an alliance with the Egyptian Pharaoh Amasis II. As a sign of gratitude, Battus allowed Amasis to marry a Greek woman from Cyrenaica. Amasis chose Battus' daughter, Ladice, and they married after 548 BC.
Battus reigned until his death in 530 BC, and was buried near his paternal ancestors. He was survived by his wife, queen Pheretima, their son Arcesilaus III and their daughter Ladice. He was succeeded by Arcesilaus III.