# Friesoythe

Friesoythe, (German pronunciation: or; Low German: Aithe; Saterland Frisian: Ait or Äit) is a town in the district of Cloppenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, on the river Soeste, 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cloppenburg, and 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Oldenburg.

## History

In 1227, Count Otto von Tecklenburg made Oite Castle in Friesoythe, which had just been built, his residence. Farmers, merchants and craftsmen quickly settled near the castle. As early as the first half of the 13th century, Friesoythe had extensive trade relations, as evidenced by the coin find from Friesoythe, whose more than 300 silver coins from Cologne, Münster, Osnabrück and other cities were only in circulation until 1235. Today's city center was soon surrounded by a massive city wall and was long considered impregnable. 1308 Friesoythe was first mentioned as a town. Friesoythe is occasionally referred to as a "Hanseatic town" and is said to have enjoyed Hanseatic privileges. It is unclear whether Friesoythe actually belonged to the Hanseatic League.
Friesoythe shares a diverse culture in Lower Saxony history. Many cultural influences of German, Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, East Frisian, Danish and Swedish culture are noticeable in the town and citizens. The town has a large following of Roman Catholicism and small percentages of Calvinism and Lutheranism. It was part of the Duchy of Oldenburg and also under rule to the French Empire in the 18th century.

### Second World War

In April 1945, the town of Friesoythe was evacuated and then occupied by the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division, under General Christopher Vokes. Most of the town's population of 4,000 had moved out to the surrounding countryside on about April 11–12, 1945.
The town was defended by some 200 paratroopers of Battalion Raabe of the 7th German Parachute Division. These paratroopers repelled the first attack by the Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) on April 13. The Lake Superior Regiment suffered two dead and nineteen wounded. German casualties are not known.
Vokes ordered the resumption of the attack the next day by The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Frederick E. Wigle. The attack went well, with the Argylls securing the town by 10:30 hours. However, at 08:30 a small number of German soldiers caught Wigle's tactical headquarters by surprise, killing Wigle and several other soldiers. Lieutenant Alan Earp survived a bullet through the head.
Vokes ordered an immediate reprisal. "A first-rate officer of mine, for whom I had a special regard and affection, and in whom I had a particular professional interest because of his talent for command, was killed. Not merely killed, it was reported to me, but sniped in the back". According to Vokes, "I summoned my GSO1 . . 'Mac,' I roared at him, 'I'm going to raze that goddam town.'"
Units and soldiers of the Argylls had spontaneously begun burning buildings in Friesoythe as revenge for the death of their colonel, but Vokes later issued a direct order, and the town was systematically set on fire with flamethrowers mounted on Wasp Carriers. The rubble was used to reinforce district roads for the division's tanks. According to German estimates, 85% to 90% of the town was destroyed, making it one of the most devastated towns in Germany at the time. Vokes commented that he had "No feeling of remorse over the elimination of Friesoythe." The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and the Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) were awarded the battle honour "Friesoythe".

### 21st century

Friesoythe has grown from a village to a small city and shares traditional and modern style buildings of German architecture, Bauhaus, Victorian style, Renaissance and Baroque style. Large multinational companies are settled giving the city a modern appearance and lively feeling. Hospital, schooling, bus service, health service are all available in the city centre. The city has good communication and infrastructure and many American Germans, Poles and Russians integrated into its population.

## Climate

Climate data for Friesoythe-Altenoythe (1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) | 5.9 (42.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.2 (64.8) | 21.0 (69.8) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 14.4 (57.9) | 8.8 (47.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 14.0 (57.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) | 3.0 (37.4) | 5.3 (41.5) | 9.2 (48.6) | 13.2 (55.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 14.3 (57.7) | 10.4 (50.7) | 6.1 (43.0) | 3.7 (38.7) | 10.0 (50.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) | 0.4 (32.7) | 1.8 (35.2) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.3 (52.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 7.0 (44.6) | 3.5 (38.3) | 1.5 (34.7) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 64.6 (2.54) | 53.8 (2.12) | 53.3 (2.10) | 47.3 (1.86) | 56.6 (2.23) | 70.2 (2.76) | 77.3 (3.04) | 75.5 (2.97) | 71.0 (2.80) | 61.9 (2.44) | 61.9 (2.44) | 74.2 (2.92) | 767 (30.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 18.1 | 16.5 | 15.3 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 17.1 | 17.5 | 19.2 | 189.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 4.3 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 13.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89.4 | 85.7 | 81.5 | 76.7 | 74.7 | 75.5 | 77.6 | 79.8 | 85.3 | 87.0 | 90.4 | 90.5 | 82.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 64.7 | 85.2 | 134.7 | 171.0 | 191.2 | 211.9 | 224.2 | 216.2 | 163.1 | 112.5 | 69.0 | 54.5 | 1,698.2 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization ||||||||||||||

## Mayors

* Gerhard Wreesmann: 7 April 1945 – 2 February 1946
* Heinrich Vogel: 1946–1948
* Heinz Stuke: 1948–1953
* Gerhard Block: 1953 – 28 July 1967
* Heinrich Olberding: 20 October 1967 – 1 October 1972
* Ferdinand Cloppenburg: 14 November 1972 – 2 March 1984
* Heinrich Niehaus: 11 April 1984 – 14 November 1996
* Johann Wimberg: 15 November 1996 – 31. October 2014
* Sven Stratmann: 1 November 2014

## Notable people

* Wilhelm Abeln (1894–1969), farmer and politician, member of Oldenburg Landtag
* Monika Hilker (born 1959), biologist
* Franz-Josef Holzenkamp (born 1969), politician (CDU)
* Heinrich Totting von Oyta (c. 1330–1397), theologian and philosopher, co-founder of the Catholic Faculty of Theology of the University of Vienna