OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacob Sprenger

Jacob Sprenger (1436/1438 – 6 December 1495) was a Dominican inquisitor and theologian principally known for his association with an infamous book on witch-hunting Malleus Maleficarum (1486). He was born in Rheinfelden, Further Austria, taught at the University of Cologne, and died in 1495 in Strasbourg.

## The Dominican Order
### Novice

Sprenger was admitted as a novice in the Dominican house of Rheinfelden in 1452 and became a zealous reformer. He founded an association of the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary in Strasbourg in 1474.

### Theologian

He became a Master of Theology and then in 1480 Dean of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Cologne and was a popular lecturer.

### Inquisitor

In 1481 he was appointed as an Inquisitor for the Provinces of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, a post that demanded constant traveling through an extensive district.

## Associated authorship of Malleus Maleficarum

Sprenger was named along with Heinrich Kramer in the 1484 papal bull Summis desiderantes of Pope Innocent VIII and reprinted in the infamous Malleus Maleficarum. All editions after 1519 named Sprenger as Heinrich Kramer's co-author.
It has been claimed that Sprenger cannot be linked to any witch trial, that his personal relationship to Kramer was acrimonious, and that Sprenger used his powerful position whenever he could to make Kramer's life and work as difficult as possible. Some scholars now believe that he became associated with the Malleus Maleficarum largely as a result of Kramer's wish to lend his book as much official authority as possible.

### Friedrich Spee in Cologne

In a 1631 work most concerned with innocence, and opposed to the Malleus Maleficarum, Friedrich Spee attributes authorship of the book to "Jacob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer." Though Spee was Jesuit (not Dominican) and his work was written more than a century after Malleus Maleficarum, both Spee and Sprenger were professors of theology in Cologne and both travelled extensively in many of the same areas. Some of Spee's fellow professors in Cologne were appalled by Spee's book and thought it should be listed on the papal Index of Forbidden Books. This would suggest that, whether or not Sprenger initially endorsed or opposed the work of Heinrich Kramer, the book carrying Sprenger's name did eventually find a degree of influence among the Catholic theologians in Cologne.

### Salem Witch Trials

The Harvard President and Puritan Increase Mather cited "Sprenger" as a reference to the Malleus Maleficarum in an influential pro-witch-hunting work published in 1684, as well as another work published in 1692, the same year as the Salem Witch Trials: "Witches have often (as Sprenger observes) desired that they might stand or fall by this trial by hot iron, and sometimes come off well."
# Skaggs School of Pharmacy

The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences is a graduate-level pharmacy school at the University of California, San Diego.

## History

The Skaggs School was authorized by the Regents of the University of California in July 2000. The school was named on November 4, 2004, in recognition of a $30 million gift, the largest ever to UC San Diego Health Sciences, from the Skaggs Institute of Research. The inaugural class began in the Fall of 2002 with 25 Doctorate of Pharmacy students, and graduated the first class of students in the Spring of 2006.
On May 2, 2006, the school opened the doors of its new four story and 110,000-square-foot (10,000 m$^2$) facility to house all of its academic and research operations.
Prior to the establishment of the school, San Diego was the largest metropolitan city in the United States without a local pharmacy school.

## Programs

Skaggs School offers five academic programs that produce degrees in the pharmaceutical industry:
* Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree awarded in a four-year program
* Joint Bachelor of Science (BS) in Chemistry and Pharm.D. degree awarded in a seven-year program in cooperation with UCSD's Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
* Dual Pharm.D. and Ph.D. in Biomedical Sciences
* Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Development
* M.S. in Drug Development and Product Management
Skaggs Schools also offers four post-graduation fellowship opportunities.
# Jiaoyu Island

Jiaoyu Island (Traditional Chinese: 角嶼) is an island off the coast of Fujian Province, China, administratively part of the Xiang'an District of Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Currently uninhabited, it is only occupied by the 32846th Company of the coastal defense regiment of the Fujian Provincial Military Region of the People's Liberation Army, known as the "First Sentry of the Southeast."

## Introduction

Jiaoyu Island is one of the islands in the Deng Island group, collectively known as the "Three Islands" along with Dadeng Island and Xiaodeng Island.
On June 27, 1984, the Kinmen Defense Command of the Republic of China shelled Jiaoyu Island in pursuit of deserters, resulting in casualties among the People's Liberation Army, marking the only direct military conflict between the two sides across the Taiwan Strait since 1979.
# Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier

Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier de Villandon (12 November 1664 – 24 February 1734) was an aristocratic French writer and salonnière of the late 17th century, and a niece of Charles Perrault.

## Biography

She published three fairy tales early in her career. Although she wrote few thereafter, she marked the beginning of the fairy tale vogue among the Précieuses, publishing her first tale a year before her uncle, the famed author of Les Contes de ma Mère l’Oye (Tales of Mother Goose) in 1696. A great friend and protégé of Madeleine de Scudéry, L'Héritier's participation in the fairy tale genre reflected her involvement in the salon scene, as she and so many of her friends and fellow salonnières, such as Madame d'Aulnoy and Henriette-Julie de Murat, were members of les conteuses. These women were monumental in the inception of the fairy tale genre, along with her esteemed uncle. She inherited Scudéry's salon upon her death in 1701.

## Works
### Fairy tales

* L'Adroite princesse, ou, Les aventures de Finette - as above.
* Marmoisan - a literary tale classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as ATU 884A, "The Forsaken Fiancée: Service as Menial".
* Ricdin-Ricdon - a literary predecessor to tale type ATU 500, "The Name of the Helper", akin to Rumplestiltskin.
# Kilmartin Castle

Kilmartin Castle is a 16th-century Z-plan castle at Kilmartin, Scotland. Built for the Rector of Kilmartin, John Carswell, in 1550 and later owned by Clan Campbell. Restored and refurbished in the 1990's, following 200 years as a ruin, the castle was then used as a second home. In 2019 Kilmartin Castle and grounds were renovated to a high standard by Simon Hunt and Stephanie Burgon. Kilmartin castle is now available as luxury self catering accommodation, sleeping 10, and hosts a handful of small weddings each year.
Kilmartin Castle is located in the historically significant Kilmartin Glen which is now home to Kilmartin Museum.
# Calcium acetate

Calcium acetate is a chemical compound which is a calcium salt of acetic acid. It has the formula Ca(C$_2$H$_3$O$_2$)$_2$. Its standard name is calcium acetate, while calcium ethanoate is the systematic name. An older name is acetate of lime. The anhydrous form is very hygroscopic; therefore the monohydrate (Ca(CH$_3$COO)$_2$•H$_2$O) is the common form.

## Production

Calcium acetate can be prepared by soaking calcium carbonate (found in eggshells, or in common carbonate rocks such as limestone or marble) or hydrated lime in vinegar:
    CaCO$_3$(s) + 2CH$_3$COOH(aq) → Ca(CH$_3$COO)$_2$(aq) + H$_2$O(l) + CO$_2$(g)
    Ca(OH)$_2$(s) + 2CH$_3$COOH(aq) → Ca(CH$_3$COO)$_2$(aq) + 2H$_2$O(l)
Since both reagents would have been available pre-historically, the chemical would have been observable as crystals then.

## Uses

* In kidney disease, blood levels of phosphate may rise (called hyperphosphatemia) leading to bone problems. Calcium acetate binds phosphate in the diet to lower blood phosphate levels.
* Calcium acetate is used as a food additive, as a stabilizer, buffer and sequestrant, mainly in candy products under the number E263.
* Tofu is traditionally obtained by coagulating soy milk with calcium sulfate. Calcium acetate has been found to be a better alternative; being soluble, it requires less skill and a smaller amount.
* Because it is inexpensive, calcium acetate was once a common starting material for the synthesis of acetone before the development of the cumene process:
    Ca(CH$_3$COO)$_2$ → CaCO$_3$(s) + (CH$_3$)$_2$CO
* A saturated solution of calcium acetate in alcohol forms a semisolid, flammable gel that is much like "canned heat" products such as Sterno. Chemistry teachers often prepare "California Snowballs", a mixture of calcium acetate solution and ethanol. The resulting gel is whitish in color, resembling a snowball and can be lit on fire; it will burn for around 20 minutes.

## Natural occurrence

Pure calcium acetate is yet unknown among minerals. Calclacite—calcium acetate chloride pentahydrate—is listed as a known mineral, but its genesis is anthropogenic (human-generated, as opposed to naturally occurring).
# Zrebar Lake

Lake Zarivār (Persian: زریوار), is a lake in the Zagros Mountains, within Kurdistan province of western Iran. It is vital to the local economy for tourism, irrigation, and fishing purposes.
It is also known as lake Zaribar. In local Sorani Kurdish it is known as the lake Zrewar or Zrêbar or Zrêwar, زرێبار. In documents dating to the Qajar era (~1800s) it is sometimes recorded as Zerehbar and Zarbar.

## Description

The lake is situated in the Iranian province of Kurdistan 3 km west of Marivan and has a length of 5 km (3.1 mi) and a maximum width of 1.6 km (0.99 mi). The lake's water is fresh and has a maximum depth of 6 metres (20 ft). Its mean annual temperature is 10 °C (50 °F), located in a region with a semi-arid climate, receiving a mean annual precipitation of 300 mm.
The lake is fed by a combination of seasonal rainfall and subaqueous springs.
The lake plays a "vital role" in the local economy as a tourist attraction, source of irrigation, and fishing location.
There is much Kurdish folklore locally on the origin of the lake.
A documentary covering the Zarivar Lake was made by Shahriar Siami in 2007, titled Iran's Wetlands.

## Gallery

* Lake Zarivar, Marivan
* Lake Zarivar, Marivan
* Lake Zarivar, Marivan
* Lake Zarivar, Marivan
# Büren, Töv

Büren (Mongolian: Бүрэн) is a sum of the Töv Province in Mongolia. The Bulangaa settlement (former sum center) is 43 km (27 mi) SE from Büren sum center.

## Geography

The sum has a total area of 3,757 km$^2$.

## Administrative divisions

The district is divided into five bags, which are:
* Bayantsogt
* Erdenekhangai
* Mongol
* Tukhum
* Unjuul

## Demographics

The sum has a total population of 3,036 people.
# Prarostino

Prarostino is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 miles) southwest of Turin, at the confluence of Val Chisone and Val Pellice.

## Twin towns

Prarostino is twinned with:
* Mont-sur-Rolle, Switzerland (1976)
# Alfred Seifert (flax miller)

Alfred Seifert (1877–1945) was a notable New Zealand flax-miller and promoter, farm developer. He was born in Loburn North, North Canterbury, New Zealand in 1877.
# Picpus (film)

Picpus is a 1943 French film noir mystery crime film directed by Richard Pottier and starring Albert Préjean, Juliette Faber and Jean Tissier. It was produced by the German-controlled Continental Films during the occupation of France. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Andrej Andrejew.

## Cast

* Albert Préjean as L'inspecteur Maigret
* Juliette Faber as Berthe
* Jean Tissier as Mascouvin
* André Gabriello as Lucas
* Noël Roquevert as Louis Dubief
* Guillaume de Sax as Maître Laignan
* Édouard Delmont as Le Cloaguen
* Antoine Balpêtré as Le grand patron
* Henri Vilbert as Amadieu
* Pierre Palau as Le docteur Pierre
* Gabrielle Fontan as La soeur de Le Cloaguen
* Colette Régis as Madame Le Cloaguen
* Maximilienne as Madame Bertaud
* Huguette Vivier as Eliane
* Héléna Manson as Marie, la bonne
# Monaco (typeface)

Monaco is a monospaced sans-serif typeface designed by Susan Kare and Kris Holmes. It ships with macOS and has been present in all releases of Macintosh system software since the first Macintosh in 1984. Characters are distinct, and it is difficult to confuse 0 (figure zero) and O (uppercase O), or 1 (figure one), | (vertical bar), I (uppercase i) and l (lowercase L). A unique feature of the font is the high curvature of its parentheses as well as the width of its square brackets, the result of these being that an empty pair of parentheses or square brackets will strongly resemble a circle or square, respectively.
Monaco has been released in at least four forms.
* The outline form of Monaco is loosely similar to Lucida Mono and created as a TrueType font for System 6 and 7.
* The original bitmap Monaco came in 9- and 12-point sizes. Both had different letter shapes from the outline form and, until the release of Mac OS 8.5 in 1998, did not have the above-mentioned distinguishing marks.
* A revision of bitmap Monaco ships with Mac OS 8.5 onward that, among other cosmetic changes, adds some disambiguation features to 0 (figure zero) and l (lowercase L) that were previously absent. It still appears in the ROMs of even New World Macs, and is still available in recent macOS releases (size 9, with disabled antialiasing).
* MacsBug uses a modification of bitmap Monaco that adds disambiguation features to I (uppercase i) and 0 (figure zero).
The original Monaco 9-point bitmap font was designed so that when a Compact Macintosh window was displayed full screen, such as for a terminal emulator program, it would result in a standard text user interface display of 80 columns by 25 lines.
With the August 2009 release of Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard, Menlo was introduced as the default monospaced font instead of Monaco in Terminal and Xcode, However, Monaco remains a part of macOS. Monaco is the default font in the current Python IDLE when used on a Mac running OS X El Capitan.
Furthermore, in September 2015, Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan introduced SF Mono, a monospaced variant of the San Francisco font family, as the default monospaced font instead of Menlo.
As of MacOS Sequoia 15.2, the version of Monaco included is 17.0d1e5.
# Elisabeth Östnäs

Elisabeth Östnäs (born 1974 in Lund), is a Swedish writer. She made her debut in 2012 with the horror novel Feberflickan, which takes place in Lund in the 1890s. Her historical youth fantasy trilogy Sagan om Turid, earned her the Slangbellan Award for best new Swedish writer of children's and youth literature. Sagan om Turid has also been adapted as a radio drama for Swedish public radio.
Östnäs holds degrees in the history of religion and creative writing, and has studied writing at Skrivarakademin in Stockholm and Lunds författarskola.
# Union River (Washington)

The Union River is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington. It originates in central Kitsap Peninsula and flows south, emptying into the end of Hood Canal. The Union River Reservoir provides drinking water for the nearby city of Bremerton.

## Course

The Union River originates in central Kitsap Peninsula a few miles west of Bremerton, east of Green Mountain and northeast of Gold Mountain. It flows south and slightly west. The river is impounded in its upper course by Casad Dam, creating the Union River Reservoir. Shortly downstream from the reservoir the river plunges over McKenna Falls. The East Fork Union River joins the main stem, below which the Old Belfair Highway runs through the river valley, paralleling the Union River. Near the town of Belfair the Union River empties into the extensive mud flats of Lynch Cove [Wikidata] at the end of Hood Canal.
# IPSC Cyprus

IPSC Cyprus is the Cypriotic association for practical shooting under the International Practical Shooting Confederation.
# Joshua Giddings (cyclist)

Joshua Giddings (born 20 July 2003) is a British track and road cyclist, who rides for UCI ProTeam Lotto.

## Major results
### Road
#### 2021

    1st Points classification, Junior Tour of Wales
    5th Time trial, National Junior Championships

#### 2022

    5th Time trial, National Under-23 Championships

#### 2023

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour Alsace
    2nd Kersenronde Mierlo

#### 2024

    1st Brussels–Opwijk
    4th Time trial, National Under-23 Championships
    4th Omloop Het Nieuwsblad Beloften
    7th Overall Olympia's Tour
    10th Grand Prix de la ville de Pérenchies

### Track
#### 2021

    UEC European Junior Championships
       1st Team pursuit
       1st Madison (with Josh Charlton)
    1st Madison, National Junior Championships (with Jack Brough)

#### 2022

    3rd Scratch, National Championships

#### 2023

    1st Team pursuit, UEC European Under-23 Championships
# Mercer Bears women's basketball

The Mercer Bears women's basketball team represents Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Southern Conference.

## History

Mercer began play in 1970. As of the end of the 2017–18 Southern Conference season, they have an all-time record of 688–670. Mercer played in the Southern Women's Athletic Conference for one season (1971–72) before joining the Georgia AIAW in 1972, playing until 1981. In the 1973 AIAW Tournament, they beat Long Beach State 55–46 before losing to South Connecticut State 58–46 in the Quarterfinals. They lost to Texas in the 1980 AIAW National Division I Basketball Championship 81–80. They played as an independent from 1982 to 1985 before joining the New South Women's Athletic Conference in 1985. The conference merged with the Trans-America Athletic Conference in 1991, with the conference name changing to the Atlantic Sun Conference in 2001. Mercer played in the conference until 2014, when they joined the Southern Conference. Mercer played in the 1985 NCAA Division II basketball tournament, making the Final Four after beating North Alabama 90–86 (in OT) and Quinnipiac 86–76 before losing to Central Missouri 82–79. The Bears did not make another postseason appearance until the 2013 Women's Basketball Invitational. They made the WBI again in 2015 and the WNIT in 2016. The Bears won their second-straight Division I conference championship in 2019, defeating Furman 68–66 to win the Southern Conference Title, earning their second appearance in the Division I NCAA basketball tournament.

## Postseason
### NCAA Division I tournament results

The Bears have appeared in the NCAA Division I Tournament four times. Their combined record is 0–4.
| Year | Seed | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 2018 | #13 | First Round | #4 Georgia | L 63–68 |
| 2019 | #15 | First Round | #2 Iowa | L 61–66 |
| 2021 | #16 | First Round | #1 South Carolina | L 53–79 |
| 2022 | #15 | First Round | #2 Connecticut | L 83–38 |

### NCAA Division II tournament results

The Bears appeared in one NCAA Division II Tournament. Their combined record was 2–1.
| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| 1985 | Regional Finals Elite Eight Final Four | North Alabama Quinnipiac Central Missouri State | W, 90–86 (OT) W, 86–76 L, 79–82 |
# Takumi-kun Series: Bibō no Detail

Takumi-kun Series: Bibō no Detail (タクミくんシリーズ「美貌のディテイル」) is a 2010 Japanese film based on the novel of the same name by Shinobu Gotoh. It is directed by Kenji Yokoi and stars Kyousuke Hamao and Daisuke Watanabe.

## Plot

This is the beginning of third-year school and Takumi Hayama (Kyousuke Hamao) is looking forward to see Giichi "Gui" Saki (Daisuke Watanabe) after the school break. Takumi will no longer be Gui's roommate, and Gui, who is now the third floor's dorm head, has his own room. He soon discovers that since Gui's return from New York, not only has his appearance changed but also his attitude towards him and the others. Besides being cold and avoiding him on purpose, Gui even suggests they stop seeing each other for a while. Deeply affected by the sudden change in Gui's attitude and rejection, Takumi's human contact phobia relapses. Takumi's roommate Arata Misu (Ryōma Baba), who dislikes Gui, informs Gui of Takumi's relapse and his intention to cure Takumi of his phobia if they were to break up.

## Cast

* Kyousuke Hamao as Takumi Hayama
* Daisuke Watanabe as Giichi "Gui" Saki
* Yukihiro Takiguchi as Shōzō Aikaike
* Ryōma Baba as Arata Misu
* Bishin Kawasumi as Kanemitsu Shingyouji
* Mio Akaba as Toshihisa Katakura
* Yasuka Saitō as Masataka Nozawa
# Mordella scheelei

Mordella scheelei is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1941.
# How

How may refer to:
* How (greeting), a word used in some misrepresentations of Native American/First Nations speech
* How, an interrogative word in English grammar

## Art and entertainment
### Literature

* How (book), a 2007 book by Dov Seidman
* HOW (magazine), a magazine for graphic designers
* H.O.W. Journal, an American art and literary journal

### Music

* How? (EP), by BoyNextDoor, 2024
* "How?" (song), by John Lennon, 1971
* "How", a song by Clairo from Diary 001, 2018
* "How", a song by the Cranberries from Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?, 1993
* "How", a song by Daughter from Not to Disappear, 2016
* "How", a song by Lil Baby from My Turn, 2020
* "How", a song by Maroon 5 from Hands All Over, 2010
* "How", a song by Regina Spektor from What We Saw from the Cheap Seats, 2012
* "How", a song by Robyn from Robyn Is Here, 1995

### Other media

* HOW (graffiti artist), Raoul Perre, New York graffiti muralist
* How (TV series), a British children's television show

## People

* How (surname)
* HOW (graffiti artist), Raoul Perre, New York graffiti muralist
* How., abbreviation for reports by Benjamin Chew Howard, reporter of decisions of the United States Supreme Court

## Places

* How, Cumbria, England
* How, Wisconsin, United States
* Howden railway station (station code: HOW), England
# Watchung Avenue station

Watchung Avenue (known as Park Street until April 1, 1919) is a New Jersey Transit station at the intersection of Watchung Avenue, Watchung Plaza, and Park Street in Montclair, New Jersey along the Montclair–Boonton Line. The Watchung Avenue station is on an elevated embankment between Watchung Plaza and Park Street. The outbound platform faces the plaza, while the inbound platform and the station house are on the Park Street side. The station house has a waiting room with a bathroom and a former post office and ticket booth. Service to and from this station is weekdays (Monday to Friday) only, with all service stopping at intermediate points.

## Station layout

The station's low-level side platforms are not wheelchair accessible.