# Sarrat

Sarrat, officially the Municipality of Sarrat (Ilocano: Ili ti Sarrat; Filipino: Bayan ng Sarrat), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 25,186 people.
The town is known as the birthplace of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines; and for Sarrat Church - the largest church in the province, the church with the longest nave in the country, and is designated as an Important Cultural Property of the Philippines.

## Etymology

Cabayugan was how the people called Sarrat by its first settlers led by the village chief Minagel (Maingel) Bang'at and his wife Sarrah, before the arrival of the Spaniards in the latter part of the 16th century. Sarrat is a compound of the couple's names and is believed to have been coined by their son, Garo.

## History

Cabayugan - or Sarrat - was established in 1586 as an Augustinian visita of Laoag. It became an independent parish in 1724. Sarrat was later incorporated into the adjacent town of San Nicolas on May 7, 1740.
The whole town joined the Basi Revolt of 1807. Later on, the town once more rose up in arms in 1815 during the so-called "Sarrat Rebellion", where the housekeeper of the parish priest, Rosa Agcaoili, was killed and dismembered. Many houses were burned to the ground and the town was left in shambles. After the revolt, the poblacion was transferred to its present site.
Upon the partition of Ilocos province in 1818, Sarrat was designated as the capital of Ilocos Norte until its transfer to Laoag within the year.
The town revolted against the Americans in 1899 under the leadership of Don Pepe Ver. In 1910, the court returned Sarrat's church and convent to the Catholics and a day later, the Aglipayan parish priest, Fr. Mariano Edralin, was found murdered. The beautiful church of Santa Monica was started to be built by Fr. Isidro Champaner (OSA) in 1848. It is probably the biggest Spanish-era church in Ilocos Norte. Its original roof truss of logs is still intact.
After the colonization of the Spaniards, the town was renamed to San Miguel when the Augustinians erected a parish coinciding with the gaining of its township status on September 29, 1724. Two then Senators, Santiago Fonacier and Isabelo delos Reyes, eventually created the bill that changed the town's name from San Miguel to Sarrat in 1916.
Sarrat's former names were Cabayugan meaning place where bayug (a kind of bamboo) grows, San Miguel de Cunning (meaning “saffron” which used to be harvested abundantly in the region) and San Miguel de Sarrat. Its name was changed from San Miguel to Sarrat in 1916.
The Sarrat Heroes monument erected at the town plaza symbolizes the heroism and bravery of all Sarrateños. "Ritritem'mon Kayong" was their war cry that still echoes on the true-blooded Sarrateños.

## Geography

Sarrat is situated geographically just southeast of Laoag City, the capital of the province. Sarrat is bounded by the cities and municipalities of Batac to the south-west, San Nicolas to the west, Laoag to the north-west, Piddig to the north-east, Dingras to the east, the town of Marcos to the southeast, and a small portion of Banna to the south. The town is traversed and divided into two by the Padsan River, creating a north and south areas that are connected by the Sarrat Bridge.
Sarrat is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Laoag, 495 kilometres (308 mi) from Manila, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Dingras.

### Barangays

Sarrat is politically subdivided into 24 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* San Agustin (Poblacion)
* San Andres
* San Antonio
* San Bernabe
* San Cristobal
* San Felipe
* San Francisco (Poblacion)
* San Isidro
* San Joaquin (Poblacion)
* San Jose
* San Juan
* San Leandro (Poblacion)
* San Lorenzo
* San Manuel
* San Marcos
* San Miguel (formerly San Nicolas)
* San Pedro
* San Roque
* San Vicente (Poblacion)
* Santa Barbara (Poblacion)
* Santa Magdalena
* Santa Rosa
* Santo Santiago
* Santo Tomas

### Climate

Climate data for Sarrat, Ilocos Norte :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27 (81) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 27 (81) | 29 (85) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) | 37 (1.5) | 37 (1.5) | 49 (1.9) | 181 (7.1) | 214 (8.4) | 264 (10.4) | 251 (9.9) | 243 (9.6) | 229 (9.0) | 129 (5.1) | 96 (3.8) | 1,768 (69.7) |
| Average rainy days | 11.6 | 10.7 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 22.6 | 25.0 | 26.1 | 24.9 | 24.3 | 19.2 | 16.4 | 15.4 | 223.8 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1903 | 9,584 | — |
| 1918 | 12,885 | +1.99% |
| 1939 | 14,430 | +0.54% |
| 1948 | 14,345 | −0.07% |
| 1960 | 15,136 | +0.45% |
| 1970 | 16,847 | +1.08% |
| 1975 | 18,071 | +1.42% |
| 1980 | 18,798 | +0.79% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1990 | 21,272 | +1.24% |
| 1995 | 21,301 | +0.03% |
| 2000 | 22,886 | +1.55% |
| 2007 | 23,810 | +0.55% |
| 2010 | 24,770 | +1.45% |
| 2015 | 25,212 | +0.34% |
| 2020 | 25,186 | −0.02% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :
In the 2020 census, the population of Sarrat was 25,186 people, with a density of 440 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,100 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Sarrat
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 2000 32.81
* 2003 30.30
* 2006 20.20
* 2009 14.03
* 2012 8.98
* 2015 8.47
* 2018 4.66
* 2021 5.51
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Tourism
### Santa Monica Parish Church

The Santa Monica Parish Church, commonly known as the Sarrat Church, is the largest church in Ilocos Norte and the most visited place by tourists in Sarrat. The church has one of the longest nave in the country and was declared an Important Cultural Property of the Philippines in September 2009.
The 105-meters long (the longest in the country) Church of St. Monica, first built in 1779 by the Augustinian friars, was the last Spanish church built in the Ilocos. It was destroyed on March 3, 1816, was rebuilt in 1848, burned again in 1882, repaired from 1875 to 1895 and finished between 1895 and 1898. Its bell tower was damaged during the March 19, 1932, earthquake. It has a unique, massive, 3-level and attractive brick staircase connecting the church with the convent. On one side of the church is the eight-foot high image of St. Monica. The church interior, along with the houses surrounding the plaza, were renovated in 1983 for Irene Marcos' (the youngest daughter of the President Ferdinand Marcos) wedding to Greggy Araneta. A few months later, on August 16, an magnitude 7.8 earthquake severely damaged the church's main altar and upper facade.
The impressive convent, known as the Casa del Palacio Real, was first built in 1779, completely burned on February 3, 1816, and was reconstructed in 1817 and 1886. It was, at times, used as a Presidencia Municipal during the American era. Within its environs, then were a jail where criminals and political prisoners were incarcerated and tortured, a sala court, a strangulation room and other secular sections. It also served, for a time, as the Colegio de Santa Monica (a branch of the Liceo de Manila). The convent was damaged during the 1932 earthquake and was repaired, in turns. In 1977, both church and convent were completely restored, with government assistance. The ground floor houses church memorabilia, church vestments and historical books and photographs.
The former 3-storey, square brick belfry of diminishing sizes, probably the largest in the province, has lost its top storeys. It once had a clock on the dome.

### Santa Monica Parish Museum

The Santa Monica Parish Museum is a repository of artifacts and memorabilia that dates back to the construction of the church edifice in 1779. It was established in 1993 on the initiative of its parish priest, Rev. Msgr. Jacinto A. Jose and Rev. Edmundo M. Abaya, D.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Laoag.
It was completed and put in its present form in 1997 with the help of the Kannawidan Foundation Inc., The iloko Foundation for Arts and Culture. This organization is dedicated to the preservation of the cultural and historical heritage of the people of Ilocos Norte under the following officers and directors. Francis Ablan, Maximino J. Edralin, Rosie Mata Castro, Georgia Balmaceda Alviar, Lita Marcos Roque, Amparo Javier Araullo, Rolando P. Dela Cuesta, Wenceslao Agnir Jr., Caesar Agnir, Roxanne A. De la Cuesta, Arnold Segundo and Guia M. Valenciano

### Nipa hut cottages

The nipa hut cottages along the banks of the Padsan River are another visitor attraction in the town. It is located at barangay San Joaquin (Barrio Uno) and is maintained by private entrepreneurs from the same barangay. These nipa huts are seasonal: built around December purposely for the summer season and are dismantled at the start of the rainy season. The nipa huts not only offer shade and comfort to the visitors but are equipped with Videoke system to complete the entertainment.

## Culture

| Site name | Description | Province | City or municipality | Address | Coordinates | Image |
| Sarrat Central Elementary School | Rebuilt in 1904 | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Barangay 6, San Leandro | 18°09′16″N 120°38′40″E﻿ / ﻿18.154503°N 120.644448°E﻿ / 18.154503; 120.644448﻿ (Sarrat Central Elementary School) | |
| Bitanga's House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Osmena corner Agor Street | 18°09′17″N 120°38′45″E﻿ / ﻿18.154783°N 120.645878°E﻿ / 18.154783; 120.645878﻿ (Bitanga's House) | |
| Villa Ver | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Agor Street | 18°09′18″N 120°38′45″E﻿ / ﻿18.154983°N 120.645969°E﻿ / 18.154983; 120.645969﻿ (Villa Ver) | |
| Unknown House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | #41 Agor Street corner Quevedo | 18°09′20″N 120°38′46″E﻿ / ﻿18.155421°N 120.646158°E﻿ / 18.155421; 120.646158﻿ (Unknown House) | Upload Photo |
| Unknown House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Quirino corner Magsaysay Street | 18°09′22″N 120°38′48″E﻿ / ﻿18.156032°N 120.646679°E﻿ / 18.156032; 120.646679﻿ (Unknown House) | |
| E. Carriaga Ver House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | #46 Magsaysay Street | 18°09′19″N 120°38′48″E﻿ / ﻿18.155317°N 120.646667°E﻿ / 18.155317; 120.646667﻿ (E. Carriaga Ver House) | |
| Unknown House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | #199 Rizal Street corner Magsaysay, Brgy 5. San Vicente | 18°09′19″N 120°38′46″E﻿ / ﻿18.155194°N 120.646083°E﻿ / 18.155194; 120.646083﻿ (Unknown House) | |
| Jose Ver-Balicanta House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | #149, Brgy 3 Santa Barbara | 18°09′26″N 120°38′47″E﻿ / ﻿18.157269°N 120.646309°E﻿ / 18.157269; 120.646309﻿ (Jose Ver-Balicanta House) | |
| #124 Magsaysay St House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | | 18°09′24″N 120°38′50″E﻿ / ﻿18.156667°N 120.647193°E﻿ / 18.156667; 120.647193﻿ (#124 Magsaysay St House) | Upload Photo |
| Victoria Valmonte House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | #163 Barangay Santa Barbara | 18°09′25″N 120°38′45″E﻿ / ﻿18.156812°N 120.645954°E﻿ / 18.156812; 120.645954﻿ (Victoria Valmonte House) | |
| Scout Albano Monument and Park | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Albano Park | 18°09′19″N 120°38′43″E﻿ / ﻿18.155214°N 120.645403°E﻿ / 18.155214; 120.645403﻿ (Scout Albano Monument and Park) | |
| Laoag Diocesan Museum | Formerly known as Casa del Palacio Real, used as church convent | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Santa Monica Parish Complex | 18°09′19″N 120°38′40″E﻿ / ﻿18.155367°N 120.644346°E﻿ / 18.155367; 120.644346﻿ (Laoag Diocesan Museum) | |
| Sarrat Church | Parish Church of Santa Monica | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Santa Monica Parish Complex | 18°09′21″N 120°38′41″E﻿ / ﻿18.155747°N 120.644850°E﻿ / 18.155747; 120.644850﻿ (Sarrat Church) | |
| Bell tower of Sarrat Church | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Santa Monica Parish Complex | 18°09′23″N 120°38′40″E﻿ / ﻿18.156254°N 120.644485°E﻿ / 18.156254; 120.644485﻿ (Bell tower of Sarrat Church) | |
| Rit-ritemon Kaayong Uprising Monument | A monument in honor of Don Jamias Ver, leader of the people of Sarrat against the American invasion of the town. Named after the battle cry of the people of Sarrat, "Rit-ritemon Cayong" or "Rip it apart, brother." | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Sarrat Municipal Grounds | 18°09′25″N 120°38′39″E﻿ / ﻿18.156907°N 120.644233°E﻿ / 18.156907; 120.644233﻿ (Rit-ritemon Kaayong Uprising Monument) | |
| Vistuario de Sarrat | It was built from 1928 to 1931 | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Sarrat Municipal Park | 18°09′24″N 120°38′41″E﻿ / ﻿18.156680°N 120.644821°E﻿ / 18.156680; 120.644821﻿ (Vistuario de Sarrat) | |
| Rizal Monument | Donated by the youth of Iglesia Filipina Independiente | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Sarrat Municipal Park | 18°09′24″N 120°38′43″E﻿ / ﻿18.156652°N 120.645333°E﻿ / 18.156652; 120.645333﻿ (Rizal Monument) | |
| Fabian Ver House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Rizal Street, Barangay 2 San Agustin | 18°09′25″N 120°38′41″E﻿ / ﻿18.157083°N 120.644833°E﻿ / 18.157083; 120.644833﻿ (Fabian Ver House) | |
| Ver House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | #153 Rizal Street, Barangay 2 San Agustin | 18°09′26″N 120°38′41″E﻿ / ﻿18.157131°N 120.644689°E﻿ / 18.157131; 120.644689﻿ (Ver House) | |
| Dela Cuesta House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | | 18°09′26″N 120°38′40″E﻿ / ﻿18.157149°N 120.644502°E﻿ / 18.157149; 120.644502﻿ (Dela Cuesta House) | |
| Old Sarrat Town Hall | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | | 18°09′24″N 120°38′39″E﻿ / ﻿18.156609°N 120.644176°E﻿ / 18.156609; 120.644176﻿ (Old Sarrat Town Hall) | |
| Palafox House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | #157 Marcos Avenue, Barangay 2, San Agustin | 18°09′27″N 120°38′40″E﻿ / ﻿18.157635°N 120.644331°E﻿ / 18.157635; 120.644331﻿ (Palafox House) | Upload Photo |
| Gabriel House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Marcos Avenue, Barangay 2, San Agustin | 18°09′27″N 120°38′38″E﻿ / ﻿18.157475°N 120.643998°E﻿ / 18.157475; 120.643998﻿ (Gabriel House) | Upload Photo |
| New Sarrat Presidencia | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Marcos Avenue, Barangay 2, San Agustin | 18°09′29″N 120°38′39″E﻿ / ﻿18.158151°N 120.644100°E﻿ / 18.158151; 120.644100﻿ (New Sarrat Presidencia) | |
| Edralin House | also known as Marcos Museum | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Marcos Avenue | 18°09′34″N 120°38′40″E﻿ / ﻿18.159371°N 120.644487°E﻿ / 18.159371; 120.644487﻿ (Edralin House) | |
| Familia Ruiz Ancestral House | Ruins of the old brick house of Don Teodulo Ruiz and Doña Dolores Bello Ruiz of Sarrat, Ilocos Norte | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Ruiz Street Barangay 3 | 18°09′30″N 120°38′42″E﻿ / ﻿18.158286°N 120.645065°E﻿ / 18.158286; 120.645065﻿ (Familia Ruiz Ancestral House) | |
| Bitanga's House | | Ilocos Norte | Sarrat | Osmena corner Agor Street | 18°09′17″N 120°38′45″E﻿ / ﻿18.154783°N 120.645878°E﻿ / 18.154783; 120.645878﻿ (Bitanga's House) | |

## Government
### Local government

Sarrat, belonging to the first congressional district of the province of Ilocos Norte, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

### Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022) :
| Position | Name |
| Congressman | Ferdinand Alexander A. Marcos III |
| Mayor | Remigio B. Medrano |
| Vice-Mayor | Virgilio L. Agoto |
| Councilors | Mary Anne A. Damaso |
| Councilors | Arnel R. Pacog |
| Councilors | Esteban O. Agoy |
| Councilors | Paulino R. Baltazar |
| Councilors | Marie-Fe G. Nacion |
| Councilors | Jimmy B. Fajardo |
| Councilors | Ferdinand B. Gaño |
| Councilors | Apolonio G. Medrano |

## Transportation

Going around the poblacion is served by the tricycles (Filipino: traysikel), a local term for a motorized transport made by pairing a motorcycle with a locally fabricated sidecar. These are also used to transport commuters to other remote barangays but usually through a special fare, the amount of which depends on what is agreed upon before the trip.
A regular and daily trip to neighboring Laoag City is provided by jeepneys, the main form of transportation. All jeepneys that ply the route are members of the Laoag-Sarrat Jeepney Operators and Drivers Association (LSJODA). Travel time takes around 15 minutes each way on a usual day.

## Education

Sarrat offers its constituency up to secondary education. Tertiary and higher educations are provided by the neighboring Laoag City.

### Primary and elementary schools

* Binaratan Elementary School
* South Central Elementary School
* North Central Elementary School
* Cabuloan Elementary School
* Golgol Elementary School
* Pandan Elementary School
* Parang Elementary School
* Patad Elementary School
* Ruiz Elementary School
* Sagpatan Elementary School
* San Antonio Elementary School
* San Bernabe Elementary School
* Sarrat Central School
* Sarrat North Central School
* Sta Rosa Elementary School
* San Pedro Public School
* San Andres Public School

### High schools

* Sarrat National High School
* Santa Rosa National High School

## Notable personalities

* Ferdinand E. Marcos, the 10th President of the Republic of the Philippines.
* Fabian C. Ver, a former General and Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
* Maximino Jamias Edralin, notable Philippine Journalist and Public Relations Officer