OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ratan Singh Rathore

Raja Ratan Singh (6 March 1619 – 15 April 1658) was the founder of the city of Ratlam and its eponymous Ratlam State, an imperial governor of 16 parganas in northern Malwa Subah,an important Mughal Subahdar of high rank and a renowned warrior of his time. He gained fame under the patronage of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.

## Family

Raja Ratan Singh was born on 6 March 1619 as the eldest son of Rao Mahesh Das in Jalore Fort under the territory of his paternal home Marwar and his wife Kachwahiji (Rajawatji) Kusum Deiji, a granddaughter of Mirza Raja Man Singh I of Amber through his son Jhujhar Singh. His paternal grandfather, Kunwar Dalpat Singh was the son of Mota Raja Udai Singh of Marwar.
Two of his paternal aunts were married to Rao Chattarsal of Bundi who became the mother of his successor Rao Bhao Singh and his uncle Hari Singh younger brother of Rao Chattarsal and Rao Madho Singh founder of Kota, i.e sons of Rao Raja Ratan Singh of Bundi.

## Life

At a young age of twenty-three, Ratan Singh, armed with nothing but a dagger fought and controlled a mad elephant in Delhi and impressed its Emperor. Ratan Singh was recruited as an imperial general by Shah Jahan and was posted in Afghanistan as a mansabdar. He continued to gain fame by defeating wild bands of central Asian invaders and by later campaigning against the Persians under the Mughal prince Dara Shukoh. In 1648 he was given a Mughal rank of 3000 horsemen, the standard of Mahi Maratib and the Jagir of Malwa, where he made Ratlam his capital. Ratan Singh was soon informed about Aurangzeb and Murad's betrayal and he immediately came to the aid of Shah Jahan to stop the Mughal princes. Ratan Singh fought the rebel army at Dharmatpur on 15 April 1658, most sources say that the Mughal generals deputed by Shah Jahan either fled or remained inactive throughout the battle. Ratan Singh thus took command of the remaining army and fought till his death.

## Recognition

According to Karuna Joshi - "The Battle of Dharmat did not end after Jaswant Singh's flight from the war, but it was finished after the death of Ratan Singh." "Though Jaswant Singh fought bravely and got wounded, his escape from the battlefield was considered to be derogatory according to the custom of Rajasthan. So he obtained no place in the heroic poetry of Rajasthan. But Ratan singh's bravery, courage and sacrifice brought him name and fame which was amply described in the poems of contemporary poets like Khadia Jaga and Kumbhakaran Sada."
James Tod has written - "Of all the deeds of heroism performed on this day, those of Ratan of Ratlam by universal consent are pre-eminent and are wreathed into immortal rhyme by the bard in the Rasa Rao Ratna."
Banhe Raso, Ratan Raso and Vachanika Rathore Ratan Maheshdasot Ri are some works of Rajasthani literature that have written about Ratan Singhs life.

## Successors

His successors founded the states of Ratlam, Sailana, Sitamau.
# Reedsburg Woolen Mill

The Reedsburg Woolen Mill was a historic woolen mill along the Baraboo River in Reedsburg, Wisconsin. The woolen mill was the largest employer in Reedsburg for much of its life, employing over 200 people. The woolen mill was built in 1891 and lasted until 1968, when most of it burned down, leaving the office building intact. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Today, the Reedsburg Woolen Mill Office building is used by DJ Dietz Designs and the Wormfarm Institute. A mural of the woolen mill building was painted in 2000, and it is placed on the side of the Reedsburg Woolen Mill Office building, facing the Baraboo River. The land where the mill once stood was redeveloped, and is currently home to a grocery store.

## History
### Early history

James Babb built a sawmill and dam on this location in 1842. This site was chosen, as the river was shallow in this spot, making it a good place for a dam. 5 years later, David Reed purchased and rebuilt the dam and sawmill. In 1853, Joseph Mackey purchased the dam, bringing new businesses along with it. Over the years, interest in a woolen mill for the area grew. Local businessmen founded Reedsburg Woolen Mills in 1879, with $50,000.
By 1882, the Reedsburg Woolen Mill had been built. The building was expanded in the years following. By 1899, the Reedsburg Woolen Mill consisted of a 4-storey building, complete with wool storage and 32 broad looms. The looms produced mainly "fancy cassimeres" for Chicago markets during this time. In 1902 the facility was bought by Appleton Woolen Mills. With this purchase, a new dam was built, and the facility was converted to electricity by 1910. In 1954, the woolen mill reorganized to emphasize novelty fabrics. After this change by Appleton Woolen Mills, the residents feared that the facility may be shut down.

### Late 1900s - present

The employees then bought back the building with the help of local businessmen. The woolen mill continued to be the city's largest employer, until it closed down in 1967, after the company declared bankruptcy. The building burned down in 1968. In 1973, the dam that once powered the woolen mill, was removed by the DNR, significantly changing the height of the Baraboo River in Reedsburg. Today only the woolen mill office building remains, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. A "picker" was discovered in the remains of the old woolen mill. It is currently on display at the site of the old Reedsburg Woolen Mill building.
# Rivière du Rempart District

Rivière du Rempart (Mauritian Creole pronunciation:) is a district of Mauritius, located in the north-east of the island. It has an area of 147.6 km$^2$ and an estimated population of 108,005, as of 31 December 2015.

## Places

The Rivière du Rempart District includes different regions; however, some regions are further divided into different suburbs.
* Amaury (Southern part in Flacq district)
* Amitié-Gokhoola (Western part in Pamplemousses district)
* Belle Vue Maurel
** Barlow
* Brisée-Verdière (Southern part in Flacq district)
* Cap Malheureux
* Cottage
* Espérance Trébuchet
* Goodlands
* Grand Baie (Western part in Pamplemousses district)
* Grand-Gaube
* Le Vale
** Lower Vale
** Upper Vale
* Mapou (Southern part in Pamplemousses district)
* Panchavati
* Petit Raffray
* Piton (Western part in Pamplemousses district)
* Plaines des Roches (Southern part in Flacq district)
* Pointe de Lascars
* Poudre d'Or
* Poudre d'Or Hamlet
* Rivière-du-Rempart
* Roche-Terre
* Roches-Noires (Southern part in Flacq district)
* Villebague (Western part in Pamplemousses district and Southern part in Flacq district)

## Education

List of secondary schools in Rivière du Rempart
* Northfields International High School, Mapou.
* Ramsoondur Prayag State Secondary School, Rivière du Rempart
* Simadree Virasawmy State Secondary School, Rivière du Rempart
* Universal College, Rivière du Rempart
* Ideal College, Rivière du Rempart
* Beekrumsing Ramlallah State Secondary School, Mapou
* Piton State College, Piton
* Sharma Jugdambi State Secondary School, Goodlands
* Goodlands State Secondary School (Boys), Goodlands
* Friendship College (Boys and Girls), Goodlands
* Adolf de Plevitz State Secondary School, Grand Bay
# Zlokuḱani, Bitola

Zlokuḱani (Macedonian: Злокуќани, Albanian: Zllokuqan) is an abandoned village in the Bitola Municipality of North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former municipality of Bistrica.

## Demographics

The village of Zlokuḱani, when inhabited in the past was traditionally and exclusively populated by Ghegs, a northern subgroup of Albanians that spoke the Gheg Albanian dialect.
In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Zlokuḱani was inhabited by 500 Muslim Albanians.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 0 inhabitants.
# Lincoln High School (Manitowoc, Wisconsin)

Lincoln High School is a public high school that serves the city and its immediate suburbs of Manitowoc, Wisconsin. USA. The school serves students in grades 9 through 12, with an enrollment of roughly 1,200. Constructed in 1923, Lincoln High School was designed by the Chicago-based firm of Perkins, Fellows, & Hamilton and its campus plan was designed by Jens Jensen. It is located on Roeff's Hill, along scenic Lake Michigan. The gothic-style building occupies 19 acres (7.7 ha) on the south side of the city. School colors are red and white. The school's official team name is the "Shipbuilders", however, "Ships" is most often used.

## History

The original building was finished in 1923, making Lincoln High School the oldest standing public high school in the state of Wisconsin. Since its completion, there have been eight renovations or additions to the school. The first was in 1930, with the addition of a pool. The west wing and third floor were added in 1942, followed by a first-floor library wing, a music wing, and a cafeteria wing in 1955. In 1956 the auditorium underwent its first major renovation. Built in 1961 was the John F. Kennedy Physical Education Center with a new girls' locker room. The original technology education wing was added in 1983. From 1996 to 2000, construction of a $16.5 million renovation and addition took place. These improvements included the addition of a new gymnasium and a new swimming pool to the J.F.K. Center, a new science lab wing, and an overhaul of the auditorium. This expansion added nearly 100,000 square feet (9,300 m$^2$) to the school. In 2010, the floors, walls and bleachers in the J.F.K. Fieldhouse were renovated.

## Athletics

Lincoln won the state championship in boys' cross country in 1929.
Lincoln won the state championship for basketball in 1963.

## Notable alumni

* Art Albrecht, former Wisconsin Badgers and NFL player
* Mike Bare, Wisconsin state representative
* Dale Bolle, Wisconsin state representative
* Matthew Christman, co-host of the Chapo Trap House podcast
* Charles Daellenbach, founder and tuba with Canadian Brass
* Don Davey, NFL defensive tackle 1991–98
* John P. Foley, Wisconsin Court of Appeals judge
* Doug Free, player for NFL's Dallas Cowboys 2007–16
* Eugene S. Kaufman, Wisconsin state representative
* Jim Krueger, musician
* Les Kuplic, professional basketball player
* Henry C. Schadeberg, U.S. congressman
* Lisa K. Stark, Deputy Chief Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals (2015–present)
* Susan Bowers Vergeront, Wisconsin State Representative
* R. T. Wallen, artist
* Jon Whitcomb, artist, illustrator
* Francis A. Yindra, Wisconsin state senator
# Nounsley

Nounsley is a hamlet in the civil parish of Hatfield Peverel, in the Braintree district, in the county of Essex, England. It is connected to the village of Hatfield Peverel by a hill and footpaths. In 2018 it had an estimated population of 681.
There is one public house, The Sportsman's Arms and a ford across the River Ter. Hatfield Peverel Parish Council manage the small playing field and play area in the hamlet.
The hamlet has only seven roads: Ulting Road, Sportsman Road, Nounsley Road, Manor Road, Priory Farm Road, Priory Close and Peverel Avenue. In the winter of 1962–63, snow on Nounsley Hill cut off the village to wheeled traffic for three days.
The number 73 bus (provided by First) passes through the village travelling from Chelmsford to Maldon stopping at the corner of Ulting Road and Nounsley Road. The route was previously cancelled but has since 1999 been run under public subsidy.
The village was home to Grace Chappelow during 1910, when she and 119 other suffragettes planned a raid on the House of Commons.
The village was known as a poultry producing area, and was described in a 1972 development plan,
   has developed more as an isolated housing estate than a village
Iron Age, Belgic and Roman pottery was found at the site of Nounsley's brickfield, which were displayed at Colchester Museum.
The village has been home to a solids diverter station for the movement of sewage since 1966.
# Nicolas Checa

Nicolas de T. Checa (born December 19, 2001) is an American chess player who holds the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM). He is from Dobbs Ferry, New York. A chess prodigy, he began playing competitive chess at age 7. He is the recipient of the 2020 and 2021 Samford Fellowships, an award granted to the top American chess players under 25 years old. He is the 2021 and 2022 Connecticut State Champion and an undergraduate student at Yale University.

## Biography

Checa is the youngest Annual New York State Champion since the official championship started in 1878, a record that he achieved as an 11-year-old in 2013 and still holds. Although he finished tied for second in the 2013 tournament behind Alexander Ivanov, only New York residents are eligible for the title of state champion.
Checa fulfilled all the FIDE Grandmaster title requirements in November 2018 at age 16. His Grandmaster Title was formally approved by FIDE in March 2019 in Astana, Kazakhstan. He became a FIDE Master in 2015 and an International Master in 2016.
In 2017 he placed first (tiebreaks) in the VI SuperNationals High School (K-12) Blitz Championship held in Nashville, becoming the national scholastic blitz champion as a freshman.
In 2017, he also became the Marshall Chess Club champion after beating Grandmaster Sergei Azarov in a blitz match playoff.
In 2017 he was part of the US National Team in the Match of the Millennials when the top 5 junior players in the US faced the top 5 juniors from the rest of the world.
In the summer of 2018, Checa was a United States Senate Page, working as a Senate floor assistant and residing in Webster Hall, the official residence for US Senate Pages.
In November 2018, Checa earned his final GM norm by earning clear first place in the Charlotte Chess Center's Fall 2018 GM Norm Invitational held in Charlotte, North Carolina with an undefeated score of 6.5/9.
In July 2019 he tied for first (tiebreaks equal second) in the US Junior Invitational Championship with the only undefeated score of 7/9.
Checa also placed first in the 2019 National High School Championship (K-12) (first on tiebreaks), the highest national scholastic title in the US in classical chess time controls. As a high school junior, he placed first in the national championship held in Chicago by the US Chess Federation.
In 2019 he defeated Fabiano Caruana in the Professional Chess League Group Stage.
In 2020, Checa won the national Denker Tournament of High School Champions named after Arnold Denker. In 2022, he won the Connecticut State Chess Championship for a second consecutive time.
# Water-activated battery

A water-activated battery is a disposable reserve battery that does not contain an electrolyte and hence produces no voltage until it is soaked in water for several minutes.

## Description

Typically, a large variety of aqueous solutions can be used in place of plain water. This battery type is specifically designed to pollute less (see environmentally friendly claims) due to the lesser use or the absence of heavy metals. Water-activated batteries have been used in radiosondes that shouldn't contain heavy metals since they regularly fall to the ground or ocean surface, and indefinitely remain there.
Kits using copper-magnesium cells activated by water or the liquid sample itself are also in development. Another water-activated battery had been invented by Susumu Suzuki of Total System Conductor. Aluminium anodes are used on many water-activated batteries designed for use with salt water such as seawater. The HydroPak uses water-activated disposable fuel cartridges as an alternative to lead acid battery packs and portable generators. It uses water added to sodium borohydride which releases hydrogen fuel for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. It can be re-charged simply by replacing the fuel cartridge rather than the lengthy recharging that other batteries require, however the cartridges cost $20 each.

## Activated Carbon

Activated carbon (AC) has been used to produce water-activated batteries. It has been utilized for many applications, including the purification of water and biodiesel. AC has a high surface area and adsorption capacity, enabling it to be produced from almost all carbon-rich and inexpensive precursors (such as wood) by physical or chemical activation. Its abundance and low cost have made it a popular mechanism for many uses. It is a promising sustainable energy resource.
AC powder can generate electricity. The AC powder is loaded into the anode compartment of a battery. The anode and cathode of the battery by a proton exchange membrane, and then water is injected into the anode compartment. Once this is done, significant electric power is generated. This can be used to create a paper-based water-activated batter (WAB), which uses AC powder to generate electricity.
# Evald Aav

Evald Aav (7 March [O.S. 22 February] 1900 – 21 March 1939) was an Estonian composer born in Tallinn, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire. He studied music composition there with Artur Kapp and wrote primarily vocal music to words in the Estonian language. In 1928 he composed the first national Estonian opera, Vikerlased (The Vikings). The opera premiered in Tallinn on 8 September 1928. He modelled his style of composition after Tchaikovsky.
Aav was married to opera singer Ida Loo-Talvari from 1926 until 1937 when the couple divorced.
# Smyth Channel

Smyth Channel (Spanish: Canal Smyth) is a principal Patagonia channel. Its south arm is the southward continuation of the Sarmiento Channel and is located in Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region. The Kawésqar people lived along its coast for thousands of years.
Its north entrance is in the Nelson Strait at 51°36′10″S 74°48′12″W﻿ / ﻿51.60278°S 74.80333°W﻿ / -51.60278; -74.80333﻿ (Smyth Channel, northern end), between Charlton Cape and the western extreme of the Lobos Islands; and its southern terminus is at 52°46′05″S 73°50′10″W﻿ / ﻿52.76806°S 73.83611°W﻿ / -52.76806; -73.83611﻿ (Smyth Channel, southern end), between Phillip Cape at the southern extreme of Manuel Rodriguez Island and Merino Peninsula on the mainland, where it opens into the Strait of Magellan.
The channel has a length of approximately 96 nmi and is divided into two arms: the northwest arm, which is scarcely used as navigation route and is 50 nmi long, and the south arm (46 nmi long), which is a major waterway for commercial sailing and that stretches from its connection with the Sarmiento Channel at southern tip of the Victoria Pass until the point already named, where it joins to the Strait of Magellan.
The channel is flanked by mountain ranges of exposed granite that at their foothills have limited vegetation cover, because the continuous winds that blow against it.
In the northwest arm the hills are high, including the Monte Nuestra Señora de la Victoria (890 m) and the Lecky Look Out (890 m) on the Contreras Island, and the Monte Lucía of 510 m on the Diego de Almagro Island.
In the vicinity of its south arm is Monte Burney, which lie on Muñoz Gamero Peninsula in mainland. This imposing volcanic peak stands out from the mountains that surround it. Other mountains in the area include Monte Joy (443 m) and the peaks Sainte Agnes and Sainte Anne with elevations of 323 and 513 m high respectively, which stand on the Manuel Rodríguez Island.
The tidal currents are stable and weak, but influenced by the wind.
On the south branch, there are a number of lighthouses, buoys and beacons as a pilotage aid, which are located specialty at the passes Summer and Shoal, and at the channels Gray and Mayne, all of which lie along its course. There exist special instructions for the navigation in the places mentioned.
In the Shoal Pass lies the hull of the wrecked ship SS Santa Leonor and at its southern end lie the wrecked steamships Moraleda, Magada, Ponte Verde and Recreo

## Name

The channel was named in 1829 by the British sailors Skyring and Graves, members of Captain Phillip Parker King's survey, in honour of the naval officer W.H. Smyth under whom they had served in the Mediterranean.
# René Abjean

René Abjean (born 22 November 1937) is a French composer associated with Breton revivalist choral music.

## Life

Born in Brest, René Abjean made his début as a musician in the choir of Plouguerneau in 1953. At age 17, he created his first vocal work as part of a choral group Ar Baganiz, a precursor of the Breton revivalism of An Triskell, for which he made many arrangements. He co-founded the Cercle Breton de Brest, and organised the Festival International des Cornemuses at Brest from 1969.
In 1974, he published a monograph on Breton music, wrote for several journals and contributed the chapter on Breton music in L'Histoire littéraire et culturelle de la Bretagne. In 1975, he took over the leadership of the Ploudalmézeau choir, and in 1977 of that at Le Folgoët. These were later reconstituted as the "Ensemble Choral du Bout du Monde", which he led until he passed it to Jo Le Gad in 1988.
In 1977, with Pierre-Yves Moign, he founded the "Centre Breton d'Art Populaire" in Brest, over which he presided from 1979 to 1981; he was also associated with the creation of Radio Bretagne Ouest (Radio Breizh Izel). He was a member of the New York Academy of Sciences from 1997 to 1999. He was decorated with the Order of the Ermine. He is married to Marie Kermarec.

## Compositions

Abjean has written numerous sacred and secular choral works, often setting the Breton language, such as the Missa Keltia in 1975, the cantatas Ar Marc’h Dall in 1979, War Varc’h d’ar Mor in 1987 and Kan evit ar Peoc’h in 1989. He has also arranged sea shanties. He regularly works with the Chœur d'Hommes Mouezh Paotred Breizh, created in 1993 by his friend Jean-Marie Airault. 1999 saw the first performance of the cantata Une Ville vers la mer to words by Heather Dohollau; in 2000 he wrote with Christian Desbordes a cantata for the millennium, Kalon ar Bed to words by Job an Irien. The cantata Liñvadenn Ker Is was created for the 50th anniversary of the "Fédération Kendalc’h". His 2004 cantata for the male choir "Mouezh Paotred Breizh", Ce Pays vers la mer, Bro ar mor braz, this land and the sea was recorded in 2005 and distributed by Coop Breizh at Spézet.