OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dextrose equivalent

Dextrose equivalent values for selected materials :
| Carbohydrate | Dextrose Equivalent (DE) |
| Starch | ~0% |
| Dextrins | 1–13% |
| Maltodextrins | 3–20% |
| Glucose syrups | ≥20% |
| Dextrose (glucose) | 100% |
Dextrose equivalent (DE) is a measure of the amount of reducing sugars present in a sugar product, expressed as a percentage on a dry basis relative to dextrose. The dextrose equivalent gives an indication of the average degree of polymerisation (DP) for starch sugars. As a rule of thumb, DE × DP = 120.
In all glucose polymers, from the native starch to glucose syrup, the molecular chain ends with a reducing sugar, containing a free aldehyde in its linear form. As the starch is hydrolysed, the molecules become shorter and more reducing sugars are present. Therefore, the dextrose equivalent describes the degree of conversion of starch to dextrose. The standard method of determining the dextrose equivalent is the Lane-Eynon titration, based on the reduction of copper(II) sulfate in an alkaline tartrate solution, an application of Fehling's test.
Examples:
* A maltodextrin with a DE of 10 would have 10% of the reducing power of dextrose which has a DE of 100.
* Maltose, a disaccharide made of two glucose (dextrose) molecules, has a DE of 52, correcting for the water loss in molecular weight when the two molecules are combined. Glucose (dextrose) has a molecular mass of 180, while water has a molecular mass of 18. For each 2 glucose monomers binding, a water molecule is removed.
Therefore, the molecular mass of a glucose polymer can be calculated by using the formula (180*n - 18*(n-1)) with n the DP (degree of polymerisation) of the glucose polymer. The DE can be calculated as 100*(180 / Molecular mass( glucose polymer)). In this example the DE is calculated as 100*(180/(180*2-18*1)) = 52.
Because different reducing sugars (e.g. fructose and glucose) have different sweetness, it is incorrect to assume that there is any direct relationship between dextrose equivalent and sweetness.
# Georgios Poniros

Georgios Poniros (Greek: Γεώργιος Πονηρός; born 8 October 1987) is a professional football goalkeeper. He currently plays for A.E. Ermionida F.C.
Poniros started his career at Akarnanikos. In the summer of 2008, he signed with Panetolikos F.C. On 23 August 2010, he signed a 1-year loan contract with Gamma Ethniki team Aias Salamina F.C. In the summer of 2011, he signed with Diagoras F.C.
# Saris (Judaism)

In Jewish tradition, the term saris (Hebrew: סָרִיס, literally eunuch;) is a term used to refer to an individual assigned male at birth who has done one of the following:
In traditional Judaism, gender plays a central role in legal obligations, such as mitzvah. Thus, the gender identities of the Talmud (including androgynos, tumtum, and ay'lonit) were created to fit into their legal system.
A saris who, naturally, did not undergo typical male puberty is referred to as saris hamah (Hebrew: סריס חמה ). Those affected by human intervention (whether accidental or intentional) are referred to as saris adam (Hebrew: סריס אדם). While it may have been a common practice in neighboring cultures, the Ancient Hebrews did not practice castration.

## References in holy texts
### Examples

And let not the saris say: “I am a withered tree” For thus says God: As for the sarises who keep My sabbaths, [...] I will give them an everlasting name that shall not perish. — Isaiah 56:1-8

## Marriage

While an ay'lonit can be married, the views on saris are more complicated. If they are born a saris hamah, they may marry without restrictions. However, if they are a saris adam, they cannot marry a Jewish woman, as there is a belief their wives may commit adultery as a consequence of the saris adam's infertility. In addition, if a saris adam was married prior to castration, they are required to divorce their wife.
# Jalal Talebi

Seyed Jalal Talebi (Persian: جلال طالبی, born 23 March 1942) is a retired Iranian football player and manager.

## Playing career

Talebi had a very short playing career in which he played for Daraei, Taj (Esteghlal) and the Iran national football team, for which he played three matches at the 1964 Summer Olympics, and won the 1968 AFC Asian Cup. He was known for his heads up plays, his jumping abilities and his skills with the ball. A meniscus injury ended his playing career aged 27.

### International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 13 December 1966 | Chulalongkorn University Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand | India | 4–1 | W | 1966 Asian Games |
| Correct as of 24 July 2021 |||||||

## Managerial career

Talebi attended Chelsea coaching school in England for several months between 1971 and 1973. He coached the Iran national under-20 football team from 1976 to 1978.
Talebi had coached soccer at De Anza Community College. He was the head coach of the Iranian national team during the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Prior to the tournament, he was appointed to replace Tomislav Ivic. He had held the position of technical director before he was named as head coach. He stepped down as head coach after the 1998 FIFA World Cup on 20 August 1998, but returned to lead the team again during 2000 Asian Cup in Lebanon. He resigned after Iran's elimination in the tournament.
Talebi has also managed Geylang United of S.League in 1996, Indonesian Olympic Team from 1996 to 1997, Syria national football team from 2001 to 2002, and Al Taliya from 2005 to 2006.

### Coaching career statistics

| Nat | Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Nat | Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % | GF | GA | +/- |
| | Iran | May 1998 | August 1998 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 25% | 2 | 6 | −4 |
| | Iran | March 2000 | October 2001 | 20 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 65% | 39 | 15 | +24 |
| | Syria | November 2001 | September 2002 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 90% | 11 | 3 | +8 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 34 | 23 | 5 | 4 | 70% | 52 | 24 | +28 |

## Personal life

Talebi lives in Palo Alto, California, with his wife and three sons. He moved to the United States in 1983.

## Honours
### Player
#### Daraei

* Tehran Championship (1): 1961

#### Taj

* Iranian League (1): 1970–71
* Tehran Championship (1): 1970, 1971
* Asian Club Championship (1): 1970

### Manager
#### Geylang United

* S.League (1): 1996
* Singapore FA Cup (1): 1996

#### Iran

* West Asian Football Federation Championship (1): 2000
# East Gore, Nova Scotia

East Gore is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in East Hants Municipality in Hants County.

## History

The area including the present-day community of East Gore was settled in 1759 as part of the Douglas Township. Gore was named for Sir Charles Stephen Gore, deputy quartermaster general of Canada during the rebellion of 1837.
East Gore is home to Courthouse Hill (formerly Judgement Hill), named for a courthouse which stood on the hill for 90 years or more and was destroyed by fire on July 22, 1956. The hill is now the site of a monument and scenic point where the counties of Hants, Kings, Colchester, Cumberland and Pictou are visible.
# Georgios Tsirogiannis

Georgios Tsirogiannis (Greek: Γεώργιος Τσιρογιάννης; born 2 June 1983) is a Greek football player who plays as a midfielder for Egaleo F.C. in the Greek Beta Ethniki.

## Career

Tsirogiannis previously played for Paniliakos F.C., Panachaiki 2005 F.C., Ilisiakos F.C. and Chaidari F.C.
# Stadion Nikola Mantov

Stadion Nikola Mantov (Macedonian: Стадион Никола Мантов) is a multi-purpose stadium in Kočani, North Macedonia. It is mostly used for football matches and is currently the home stadium of FK Osogovo Kočani. The stadium seats 5,000 people.

## Name

In 1973, during a football match between FK Osogovo and FK FAS 11 Oktomvri from Skopje, the 23-year-old Nikola Mantov - one of the best players of FK Osogovo at the time - collapsed on the field and died. In his honor, the home-ground of FK Osogovo is named Nikola Mantov Stadium. It is one of the few football stadium in North Macedonia named after a football player.

## International fixtures

| Date | Competition | Opponent | Score | Att. |
| North Macedonia (1994–present) ||||||
| 7 September 1994 | UEFA Qualifier U21 | Denmark | 5–3 | 6,000 |
| 12 April 1995 | Friendly | Bulgaria | 0–0 | 8,000 |
# Island View, Nova Scotia

Island View is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island.
# Giannis Kiliaras

Giannis Kiliaras (Greek: Γιάννης Κοιλιάρας; born 9 June 1988) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a left back for Irodotos FC.

## Club career

Born in Nea Alikarnassos, Kiliaras began playing football for local Cretan side Irodotos, with whom he made his senior debut in the Delta Ethniki, before making a leap in his career and signing with Super League side Ergotelis. Following a one-year loan to fellow Cretan Delta Ethniki side PANOM, Kiliaras signed his first professional contract with the club in the summer of 2007. After a brief loan spell to Gamma Ethniki side Trikala in the winter of 2010, Kiliaras left Ergotelis in the summer of 2010 having made a total of 11 appearances and having scored 1 goal. In August, he signed a contract with Patras-based club Panachaiki. with whom he played in both the Third and Second Division.
He returned to Ergotelis and the Super League in 2013, but left in September 2014, after a falling out with the club's board of directors following a loan deal refusal. After releasing himself from his contract, Kiliaras rejoined his childhood club Irodotos in the Gamma Ethniki. After one season with Irodotos, Kiliaras signed with Cretan former renowned club OFI, who had been relegated to the Gamma Ethniki following its withdrawal from professional competitions. In the years following, Kiliaras was named among the team's captains, won promotion to the Football League and eventually helped reclaim the team's spot in the Super League, winning the Second Division title in 2018. Being one of the last players in OFI's Super League roster still remaining from the club's years in the third Division, Kiliaras received substantially less playing time in top-flight, and was eventually released from his contract in the winter of 2019. Having been in talks with Ergotelis' new administration, Kiliaras rejoined the club on the same day after his release from OFI, thus starting his third tenure with the Cretan club.
In July 2020, Kiliaras returned to his former club, Irodotos. In January 2022, he moved to Almyros Gaziou. Ahead of the 2024-25 season, Kiliaras once again returned to Irodotos.

## Personal life

Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His older brother Dimitris is also a professional footballer. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.

## Honours
### Panachaiki

* Football League 2: 2010–11

### OFI

* Gamma Ethniki: 2015–16
* Football League: 2017–18
# Great North Woods Region (New Hampshire)

The Great North Woods Region, also known as the North Country, is located at the northern tip of New Hampshire, United States, north of the White Mountains Region and is part of the larger Great North Woods. The Great North Woods is a tourism region of New Hampshire and is located in Coos County. The dividing line is loosely defined as running from Cushman, a hamlet within Dalton, to south of Berlin and east to the Maine border, roughly following US Route 2.
The region has around 30,000 permanent residents. Berlin is the largest community in the sparsely populated region by a sizable margin, with more than one-third of the population of the region. Lancaster, the county seat, is the second largest community. Of the remaining communities in the region, only Milan, Colebrook, and Northumberland have more than 1,000 people.
Tourism marketing for the region is provided by New Hampshire Grand, the official convention and visitors' bureau for the region, as well as the Androscoggin Valley Chamber of Commerce, the Northern Gateway Chamber of Commerce, the Umbagog Area Chamber of Commerce, North Country Chamber of Commerce, and Great North Woods Region. Unlike the more commercially developed White Mountains Region to the south, most of the tourism in the Great North Woods centers around backcountry hiking and camping, as well as outdoor sports such as fishing and hunting. The central portion of the region is part of the White Mountains National Forest, including the Pilot Range and Mount Cabot, the highest peak of the Great North Woods. North of the Pilot Range is the Nash Stream State Forest. The Connecticut Lakes, headwaters of the Connecticut River, lie at the northern tip of the region.
The main industries aside from tourism are logging and paper manufacture, centered on Berlin.
There are no major freeways; nearly all roads outside of the few population centers are two-lane state highways. US Route 3 in the west along the Connecticut River and, in the east, New Hampshire Route 16 along the border with Maine provide the main north-south routes, while east-west traffic follows US Route 2, New Hampshire Route 110 and New Hampshire Route 26.
# Girmitiyas

Girmitiyas, (Bhojpuri: 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂧𑂱𑂗𑂱𑂨𑂰) also known as Jahajis, were indentured labourers from British India transported to work on plantations in Fiji, South Africa, Eastern Africa (namely Mauritius, Seychelles, Réunion, Tanganyika, Kenya, and Uganda), Malaysia, Singapore, and the Caribbean (namely Trinidad and Tobago, British Guiana, and Suriname) as part of the Indian indenture system.

## Etymology

The word girmit represented an Indian pronunciation of the English word "agreement" - from the indenture "agreement" of the British Government with labourers from the Indian subcontinent. The agreements specified the workers' length of stay in foreign parts and the conditions attached to their return to the British Raj. The word Jahāj refers to 'ship' in Indic languages (from the Arabic/Persian Jahāz/جهاز), with Jahaji implying 'people of ship' or 'people coming via ship'.
In Fiji, Governor Arthur Hamilton-Gordon discouraged Melanesian Fijians from working on the plantations in an attempt to preserve their culture. Activist Shaneel Lal argues that Girmitiya were deceitfully enslaved by the British.
# Symmachia calliste

Symmachia calliste is a butterfly species of the family Riodinidae. It is present in Colombia, Brazil, Nicaragua and French Guiana.
# Montenegrins of Croatia

The Montenegrins of Croatia (Croatian: Crnogorci Hrvatske) are a national minority in the republic. According to the 2021 census, there are 3,127 ethnic Montenegrins in Croatia. The highest number of Montenegrins in Croatia is in the Croatian capital Zagreb.
Montenegrins are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of four other national minorities.

## History

In 1657, the Doge of Venice Bertuccio Valiero, resettled Peroj with five families (Brcela, Draković, Brajić, Vučeta, and Ljubotina) from the Cernizza region in Montenegro. Following the Cretan War of 1645–1669, twenty other families originally from Montenegro migrated to Peroj. Today Peroj is the centre of the Montenegrins in Istria County.

## Demographics

Montenegrins in the 2001 and 2011 censuses:
| County | Number in the 2001 census | % of all Montenegrins in Croatia | Number in the 2011 census | % of all Montenegrins in Croatia |
| City of Zagreb | 1,313 | 26.65% | 1,191 | 26.37% |
| Istria County | 732 | 14.86% | 759 | 16.80% |
| Primorje-Gorski Kotar County | 643 | 13.05% | 642 | 14.21% |
| Split-Dalmatia County | 593 | 12.04% | 485 | 10.74% |
| Dubrovnik-Neretva County | 370 | 7.51% | 307 | 6.80% |
| Osijek-Baranja County | 352 | 7.15% | 319 | 7.08% |
| Zagreb County | 135 | 2.74% | 130 | 2.88% |
| Vukovar-Srijem County | 119 | 2.41% | 97 | 2.15% |
| Zadar County | 112 | 2.27% | 100 | 2.21% |
| Bjelovar-Bilogora County | 83 | 1.68% | 63 | 1.39% |
| Šibenik-Knin County | 75 | 1.52% | 66 | 1.46% |
| Karlovac County | 74 | 1.50% | 62 | 1.37% |
| Sisak-Moslavina County | 70 | 1.42% | 68 | 1.51% |
| Brod-Posavina County | 54 | 1.10% | 41 | 0.91% |
| Virovitica-Podravina County | 43 | 0.87% | 42 | 0.93% |
| Varazdin County | 42 | 0.85% | 43 | 0.95% |
| Međimurje County | 31 | 0.63% | 26 | 0.58% |
| Koprivnica-Krizevci County | 29 | 0.59% | 36 | 0.80% |
| Pozega-Slavonia County | 22 | 0.45% | 14 | 0.31% |
| Krapina-Zagorje County | 13 | 0.26% | 10 | 0.22% |
| Lika-Senj County | 8 | 0.16% | 16 | 0.35% |
| Total | 4,926 | 100% | 4,517 | 100% |
# Bledar Hodo

Bledar Hodo (born 21 June 1985) is a former Albanian professional footballer who is the current head coach of Teuta in the Kategoria Superiore.

## Club career
### Teuta Durrës

On 1 February 2013, Hodo completed a transfer to Teuta as a free agent, returning to his boyhood club for the second time. His return debut came on 23 February in the 1–1 away draw against Tirana, playing full-90 minutes. Following this, he went on to make further 12 appearances, all of them as starter, as Teuta finished 3rd in the league, securing thus a spot in 2013–14 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round.

## Honours
### Teuta Durrës

* Albanian Cup: 2004–05
# Vic-des-Prés

Vic-des-Prés is a commune in Côte-d'Or, a department in eastern France.
# Marion Van Cuyck

Marion Van Cuyck is an American actress known for portraying Terra Newback on Hulu's PEN15 and on Netflix's "Frankenstein's Monster's Monster, Frankenstein".

## Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2023 | Big Boys | Ericka | |
| 2019 | Frankenstein's Monster's Monster, Frankenstein | Niece | |

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2017 | Baskets | Ellie | Episode: "Ronald Reagan Library" |
| 2017 | Good Game | Katie | Episode "Everyone Calls Everyone Else a Nazi" |
| 2019–2021 | PEN15 | Terra Newback | 7 episodes |
| 2021 | Drama Club | Marion | 2 episodes |
# Leard Sadriu

Leard Sadriu (born 22 April 2001) is a Kosovan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Slovenian PrvaLiga side Mura and the Kosovo national team.

## Club career
### Shkëndija

On 14 December 2017, Sadriu signed a three-year contract with Macedonian First League club Shkëndija. On 25 January 2018, the club confirmed that Sadriu's transfer was permanent. His debut with Shkëndija came on 7 April in a 5–0 home win against Renova after coming on as a substitute in place of Egzon Bejtulai.

#### Loan at Skënderbeu Korçë

On 11 January 2021, Sadriu joined Kategoria Superiore side Skënderbeu Korçë, on a season-long loan. His debut with Skënderbeu Korçë came five days later in a 2–1 home defeat against Partizani Tirana after being named in the starting line-up.

### Mura

On 6 September 2022, Sadriu signed a three-year contract with Slovenian PrvaLiga side Mura.

## International career

From 2017 to 2022, Sadriu represented Kosovo at the under-17, under-19, and under-21 youth international levels, and made a total of 21 competitive appearances for all three teams. On 30 May 2022, he received a call-up from the senior team for training session before the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League matches against Cyprus, Greece and Northern Ireland, but did not make the final squad. His debut with the senior team came on 16 November 2022 in a friendly match against Armenia, after being named in the starting line-up and playing the entire match.
# Janvrin Island Peninsula, Nova Scotia

Janvrin Island Peninsula is a small community in Richmond County, Nova Scotia, Canada.
# Supernova (Lisa Lopes album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| MTV Asia | |
| NME | |
| Slant Magazine | |
Supernova is the debut solo studio album by American singer Lisa Lopes of TLC and is the only one released in her lifetime, prior to her traffic collision-related death in 2002. Despite failing to chart, it generally received positive reviews by the music critics.

## Album information

The album's original titles were Fantasy1.com and A New Star Is Born, but was eventually changed to Supernova. The release date for the album was August 16, 2001, the day of her father's birthday, as well as her grandfather's death. This is alluded to in the lyrics of the song "A New Star Is Born". The United States release date was intended to be October 29, 2001, but the album's U.S. release was cancelled due to poor sales overseas.
The album's first single, "The Block Party", was sent to radio in July 2001 and became a top 20 hit in the UK, but failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single was to have been "Hot!", however, when the album release was canceled in the United States, all further singles were canceled. Though the album was canceled by Arista, Lopes tried selling the album on her website (Eyenetics), but to no success.
Several tracks from the album were remixed by Death Row Records for Lopes' planned N.I.N.A album. The album was cancelled after Lopes' death, but was leaked online in 2011. Songs from the album were re-released in a remixed form in 2009 as Eye Legacy.

## Track listing

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date |
| United Kingdom | August 16, 2001 |
| Japan | September 19, 2001 |
| Australia | November 12, 2001 |
| China | March 12, 2002 |
# Guitarra de golpe

The Guitarra de golpe is a stringed musical instrument from Mexico. It has 5 nylon strings in 5 courses. The headstock traditionally has a traditional shape that is designed to look like a stylised owl with wooden pegs, but nowadays this is sometimes replaced with a guitar or vihuela style headstock with machine heads. For a while during the 20th century, the Guitarra De Golpe fell into disuse in traditional Mariachi groups, and was replaced by the Classical guitar. It has now however been revived. It is still an essential part of the "conjuntos de arpa" from Michoacán.
Like the vihuela, it often only has a few frets, but unlike the Vihuela, the frets are made of metal or wood, instead of the vihuela's tied on nylon.

## Tuning

Standard Michoacán tuning: D3, G3, C4, E3, A3.
Tecalitlán tuning: D3, G3, B4, E3, A3.
Urbana Arriba tuning: G3, C4, E4, A3, D4.
Urbana Abajo tuning: G3, C4, E3, A3, D4.
Vihuela tuning: A3, D3, G3, B4, E3.

## Names

The Guitarra de Golpe has many names.
* Guitarra de Golpe: Golpe is the name of the strumming pattern used for this and other Mexican instruments.
* Guitarra Colorada: Translates as 'red guitar'. The literal translation is "colored guitar".
* Quinta De Golpe: Fifth strum.
* Mariachera: A reference to Mariachi music.
# Abraham Viruthakulangara

Abraham Viruthakulangara was an Indian archbishop of Nagpur. He was also the President of the Maharashtra Regional Bishops' Conference.

## Early life

Abraham was born on 5 June 1943 in Kerala, India. He completed his Major studies from St. Charles’ Seminary Nagpur. He completed B.A. in Hindi from Sagar University, Madhya Pradesh. He also held Baccalaureate in Theology.

## Priesthood

Abraham was ordained a Catholic priest on 28 October 1969.

## Episcopate

Abraham was appointed Bishop of Khandwa on 4 March 1977 and was ordained a bishop on 13 July 1977. He was appointed Archbishop of Nagpur, India on 17 January 1998. He was only an eight-year priest when he was ordained as a bishop and was a bishop for more than 40 years with a simple and humble life

## Death

On 19 April 2018 (around midnight - 1 am IST) he died from a cardiac arrest after attending a bishops' conference in New Delhi.
Catholic Church titles :
| Preceded byLeobard D’Souza | Archbishop of Nagpur 1998 – 2018 | Succeeded byElias Joseph Gonsalves |