# Solar power in New Zealand

Solar power in New Zealand is increasing in capacity, in part due to price supports created through the emissions trading scheme. As of the end of December 2024, New Zealand has 573 MW of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar power installed, of which 199 MW (35%) was installed in the last 12 months. In the 12 months to September 2024, 514 gigawatt-hours of electricity was estimated to have been generated by grid-connected solar, 1.2% of all electricity generated in the country.

## Domestic systems

Although there are no subsidies, the declining costs of photovoltaics has caused a large increase in demand over the last few years. In 2009, the average turnkey price for a standard PV system of 3 kilowatts (kW) was about NZ$40,000; by 2024 the average size has increased to 7 kW and the price have dropped to NZ$16,500.
Domestic solar PV systems can generally be placed without council consent. Some notable exceptions are: building integrated pv such as roof cladding panels, locations in heritage zones, where panels exceed height-to-boundary restrictions and ground-mounted arrays larger then 20 m$^2$.

## Distributed systems

As of the end of November 2024, 67,000 solar power systems had been installed in New Zealand. For new installations added in November 2024, the average residential system size was 7.3 kW and the average commercial system was 25 kW.
The largest solar power system on a school in New Zealand was officially opened in a ceremony in February 2019 at Kaitaia College. Kelvin Davis, unveiled a plaque to acknowledge the installation of the 368 solar panel project which is spread across the rooftop of multiple buildings on the school campus.
By January 2014, solar photovoltaic systems had been installed in 50 schools through the Schoolgen program, a program developed by Genesis Energy to educate students about renewable energy, particularly solar energy. Each school has been given a 2 kW capacity PV system, with a total distributed installed capacity of 100 kilowatts-peak (kWp). Since February 2007, a total of 513 megawatt-hours (MWh) of electrical energy have been recorded.
In January 2020 Foodstuffs announced it would be installing a 1.1 MW PV array on its new Auckland distribution centre. In October 2020 Watercare Services installed a 1 MW floating array on its Auckland wastewater treatment plant.
In 2021, Kea Energy commissioned a solar power plant in the Wairau Valley in Marlborough with a potential capacity of 2.2 MW, with current plans to build capacity up to 1.85 MW as at March 2021. In June 2021, the Todd Corporation commissioned a 2.1 MW solar plant at Kapuni in south Taranaki. The facility includes 5800 solar panels and was claimed to be the largest grid-connected solar plant at the time.
Large behind-the-meter distributed solar generation :
| Name | Territorial authority | Capacity (MW) | Commissioned | Type | Operator |
| Rosedale Wastewater Treatment Plant | Auckland | 1 | 2020 | Floating | Watercare |
| Redoubt Road Reservoir | Auckland | 0.142 (and 0.225 MWh battery storage) | 2019 | Roof mounted | Watercare |
| Foodstuffs North Island Distribution Centre | Auckland | 1.1 | 2021 | Roof mounted | Foodstuffs |
| Countdown Auckland Distribution Centre (Wiri) | Auckland | 1 | | Roof mounted | Countdown / Solar Bay |
| Road Metals – Rolleston Quarry | Canterbury | 0.53 | 2024 | Ground mounted | Road Metals / Platinum Energy |
| Yealands Winery | Marlborough | 0.4 | 2016 | Roof mounted | Yealands Winery |
| Sylvia Park | Auckland | 0.35 | 2015 | Roof mounted | Kiwi Property |
| Hamilton Airport (Stage 1) | Waikato | 0.46 | 2023 | Ground mounted | Hamilton Airport |
| Mānawa Bay outlet centre (Auckland Airport) | Auckland | 2.3 MWp | 2024 | Roof mounted | Auckland Airport |
Distributed solar farm generation :
| Name | Location | Operator | Number of Inverters | Capacity (MW) | Commissioned | Coordinates |
| Wairau Valley Solar Farm | Marlborough | Kea Energy | 1 | 2 | 2021 | 41°36′31″S 173°25′50″E |
| Kapuni Solar Plant | South Taranaki | Sunergise | Not Stated | 2.1 | 2021 | |
| Taylor's Pass Depot | Marlborough | Energy Marlborough Ltd | | 0.85 | 2023 | |
| Waiuku Solar Farm | Auckland | Lightyears Solar / Prime Energy | | 2.4 | 2023 | |
| Naumai Solar Farm | Ruawai, Northland (Smiths Canal) | NewPower Energy | | 4.8 | 2024 | 36°6′55.56″S 174°1′36.19″E﻿ / ﻿36.1154333°S 174.0267194°E﻿ / -36.1154333; 174.0267194 |
| Oakridge Solar Farm | Glen Murray, Waikato | Kiwi Solar Farms | | 4 MWp | Sep 2024 | |
| Golden Bay Solar Farms | Uruwhenua, Golden Bay | | | 1.43 | 2023 | |
| Seaview Solar Farm | Seddon | Energy Marlborough Ltd | | 4.07 | Nov 2024 | |

## Grid-scale plants

In July 2019 Refining NZ announced plans for a 26 MW solar farm at the Marsden Point Oil Refinery, but by May 2020 the project was on hold. In February 2020 Genesis Energy Limited announced plans for a 300 MW facility in the Waikato.' In September 2020 Hawke's Bay Airport announced plans for a 10 MW farm on unused airport land. In May 2020, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment released a study that considered the economics of grid-scale solar and gave forecasts to 2060, showing that New Zealand has potential for gigawatts of grid-scale solar.
In February 2021 Far North Solar Farm applied for resource consent for a 16 MW farm at Pukenui on the Aupouri Peninsula in Northland. The development subsequently stalled due to a lack of network capacity.
In December 2021 Christchurch Airport announced it would be hosting a 150 MW plant at Kōwhai Park, to be scaled up over 30 years. On 30 December 2021 Island Green Power announced plans for a 200 MW solar farm in Waikato. In April 2022 Helios Energy announced plans for a series of farms with a combined output of 1 GW. In May 2022 Far North Solar Farm announced a partnership with offshore investment fund Aquila Capital to build 1 GW of generation.
In May 2021 Lodestone Energy announced plans for five solar farms in the upper North Island, capable of generating 400 GWh annually. The 32 MWp Lodestone Two, northwest of Kaitaia, began generating electricity in November 2023. As the first solar farm to exceed 10 MW, Lodestone Two was also the first required to participate in the wholesale electricity market.

### Operating

| Name | Location | Operator | DC Capacity (MWp) | Nameplate Capacity (MWac) | Commissioned | Coordinates |
| Ashburton Solar Farm | Ashburton, New Zealand | RCR Green | 7.2 | | 2025 | 43°56′37″S 171°43′17″E﻿ / ﻿43.9435°S 171.7213°E﻿ / -43.9435; 171.7213 |
| Kohirā | Kaitaia, Northland | Lodestone Energy | 32 | 23 | 2023 | 35°4′54″S 173°13′10″E﻿ / ﻿35.08167°S 173.21944°E﻿ / -35.08167; 173.21944 |
| Rangitaiki | Edgecumbe, Bay of Plenty | Lodestone Energy | 32 | 23 | 2024 | 37°59′46.83″S 176°48′35.86″E﻿ / ﻿37.9963417°S 176.8099611°E﻿ / -37.9963417; 176.8099611 |
| Te Herenga o Te Rā | Waiotahe, Bay of Plenty | Lodestone Energy | 42 | 33 | 2025 | 38°1′33.1″S 177°10′58.8″E﻿ / ﻿38.025861°S 177.183000°E﻿ / -38.025861; 177.183000 |
| Te Ihi o te Ra | Gisborne Airport, Gisborne | Eastland Generation | 5.2 | | 2023 | 38°39′25.84″S 177°58′52.22″E﻿ / ﻿38.6571778°S 177.9811722°E﻿ / -38.6571778; 177.9811722 |
| Te Puna Mauri ō Omaru | Ruawai, Northland | Northpower | 24 | 16.7 | 2024 | 36°6′55.56″S 174°1′36.19″E﻿ / ﻿36.1154333°S 174.0267194°E﻿ / -36.1154333; 174.0267194 |
| Lauriston | Lauriston, Canterbury | Genesis | 63 | 47 | 2025 | 43°43′51.56″S 171°47′21.95″E﻿ / ﻿43.7309889°S 171.7894306°E﻿ / -43.7309889; 171.7894306 |

### Proposed and under construction

Only solar plants over 5 MW generating capacity are listed.
| Name | Location | Operator | Projected capacity (MW) | Status | Coordinates |
| Ardmore | Ardmore, Auckland | KAL | 13 | Under construction | |
| Ashley | Ashley, Canterbury | Energy Bay | | Proposed | 43°16′4.37″S 172°36′59.54″E﻿ / ﻿43.2678806°S 172.6165389°E﻿ / -43.2678806; 172.6165389 |
| Argyle Solar Farm | Wairau Valley, Marlborough | Manawa Energy | 65 | Proposed | 41°40′11.15″S 173°12′7.25″E﻿ / ﻿41.6697639°S 173.2020139°E﻿ / -41.6697639; 173.2020139 |
| Black Point | Oamaru, Canterbury | Ethical Power | | Proposed | 44°53′3.81″S 170°46′24.07″E﻿ / ﻿44.8843917°S 170.7733528°E﻿ / -44.8843917; 170.7733528 |
| Buckleys Road | Brookside, Canterbury | KeaX | 65 | Consented | 43°42′17″S 172°17′6″E﻿ / ﻿43.70472°S 172.28500°E﻿ / -43.70472; 172.28500 |
| Bunnythorpe | Bunnythorpe, Manawatu | Kiwi Solar farms | 26 | Proposed | |
| Carterton | Carterton, Wairarapa | Harmony Energy | 133 | Consented | |
| Clandeboye | Clandeboye, Canterbury | Lodestone Energy | | Consented | |
| Dunsandel | Dunsandel, Canterbury | Lodestone Energy | | Consented | |
| Edgecumbe | Edgecumbe, Bay of Plenty | Helios | 115 | Consented | |
| Foxton | Foxton, Manawatu | SolarGen | | Proposed | |
| Greytown | Greytown, Wairarapa | Helios | 100 | Proposed | 41°5′55.8″S 175°26′21.45″E﻿ / ﻿41.098833°S 175.4392917°E﻿ / -41.098833; 175.4392917 |
| Greytown 2 | Greytown, Wairarapa | Far North Solar Farm | 175 | Proposed | |
| Haldon | Mackenzie District | Lodestone Energy | 220 | Proposed | |
| Hanmer Road | Canterbury | KeaX | 80 | Proposed | |
| Hawke's Bay Airport | Napier, Hawke's Bay | Hawke's Bay Airport | 40 | Proposed | 39°28′8.18″S 176°51′50.12″E﻿ / ﻿39.4689389°S 176.8639222°E﻿ / -39.4689389; 176.8639222 |
| Helensville | Helensville, Auckland | HES Aotearoa | 70 | Proposed | 36°41′20″S 174°26′20″E﻿ / ﻿36.68889°S 174.43889°E﻿ / -36.68889; 174.43889 |
| Hinuera | Hinuera, Waikato | Harmony Energy | 110 | Proposed | |
| Huirangi | Waitara, Taranaki | Harmony Energy | 100 | Proposed | |
| Irishman Creek | Canterbury | Manawa | 220 | Proposed | |
| Kaipara | Kaipara District, Northland | Manawa Energy | 100 | Proposed | |
| Kairanga | Palmerston North, Manawatu | Kiwi Solar farms | 27 | Proposed | |
| Karioi | Tangiwai, Manawatū-Whanganui | Helios | 110 | Consented | |
| Kōwhai Park | Harewood, Canterbury | Christchurch Airport | 168 | Under Construction | 43°29′45″S 172°30′38″E﻿ / ﻿43.49583°S 172.51056°E﻿ / -43.49583; 172.51056 |
| Leeston | Leeston, Canterbury | KeaX | 160 | Proposed | |
| Lodestone One | Dargaville, Northland | Lodestone Energy | 60 | Proposed |
| Māniatoto | Maniototo, Otago | Helios | 300 | Proposed | 45°4′9.34″S 170°6′34.64″E﻿ / ﻿45.0692611°S 170.1096222°E﻿ / -45.0692611; 170.1096222 |
| Marton | Marton, Rangitikei District | Far North Solar Farm | 41 | Consented | |
| Marton 2 | Marton, Rangitikei District | Energy Farm | 110 | Proposed | 40°7′30.99″S 175°23′46.12″E﻿ / ﻿40.1252750°S 175.3961444°E﻿ / -40.1252750; 175.3961444 |
| Marton 3 | Marton, Rangitikei District | Harmony Energy | 103 | Consented | 40°6′28.1″S 175°21′40.4″E﻿ / ﻿40.107806°S 175.361222°E﻿ / -40.107806; 175.361222 |
| Massey University | Massey University, Palmerston North | Solar Bay | 6 | Proposed | 40°23′30.75″S 175°37′50.42″E﻿ / ﻿40.3918750°S 175.6306722°E﻿ / -40.3918750; 175.6306722 |
| Mount Somers | Mount Somers, Canterbury | Lodestone Energy | | Consented | |
| Naseby | Naseby, Otago | Solar Bay | 50 | Consented | |
| New Plymouth Airport | New Plymouth | | 10 | Under construction | |
| Omeheu | Edgecumbe, Bay of Plenty | Far North Solar Farm | 34 | Consented | |
| Ongaonga | Ongaonga, Hawke's Bay | Sky Solar | | Proposed | 39°55′15.55″S 176°26′46.64″E﻿ / ﻿39.9209861°S 176.4462889°E﻿ / -39.9209861; 176.4462889 |
| Ongaonga 2 | Ongaonga, Hawke's Bay | Helios | 100 | Proposed | 39°55′37.57″S 176°25′10.58″E﻿ / ﻿39.9271028°S 176.4196056°E﻿ / -39.9271028; 176.4196056 |
| Ōpunake | Ōpunake, Taranaki | Energy Farm | 110 | Consented | 39°21′55.57″S 173°52′27.32″E﻿ / ﻿39.3654361°S 173.8742556°E﻿ / -39.3654361; 173.8742556 |
| Pāmu Rā ki Whitianga | Whitianga, Waikato | Lodestone Energy | 32 | Under construction | 36°51′2.01″S 175°39′47.33″E﻿ / ﻿36.8505583°S 175.6631472°E﻿ / -36.8505583; 175.6631472 |
| Papareireiā | Maungaturoto, Northland | Tupu Tonu | 21 | Under construction | 36°5′24.95″S 174°20′50.29″E﻿ / ﻿36.0902639°S 174.3473028°E﻿ / -36.0902639; 174.3473028 |
| Pukenui | Pukenui, Northland | Far North Solar Farm | 16 | Under construction | 34°49′06″S 173°6′38″E﻿ / ﻿34.81833°S 173.11056°E﻿ / -34.81833; 173.11056 |
| Rotokawa | Rotokawa, Bay of Plenty | Tauhara North 2 Trust | 105 | Proposed | 38°36′33″S 176°11′25″E﻿ / ﻿38.60917°S 176.19028°E﻿ / -38.60917; 176.19028 |
| Ruakaka | Marsden Point, Northland | Meridian Energy | 120 | Consented | 35°50′51.74″S 174°28′39.54″E﻿ / ﻿35.8477056°S 174.4776500°E﻿ / -35.8477056; 174.4776500 |
| Skinner Road | Stratford, Taranaki | Ranui Generation | 40 | Proposed | |
| Stratford | Stratford, Taranaki | Contact | 170 | Proposed | |
| Swannanoa | Swannanoa, Canterbury | Meridian Energy | 200 | Proposed | |
| Tahuna | Tahuna, Waikato | Kiwi Solar farms | 23 | Proposed | |
| Tauhei | Te Aroha, Waikato | Harmony Energy | 185 | Consented | 37°35′18.17″S 175°43′18.75″E﻿ / ﻿37.5883806°S 175.7218750°E﻿ / -37.5883806; 175.7218750 |
| Te Rāhui | Taupō, Waikato | Nova Energy | 400 | Consented | 38°53′44.49″S 176°25′25.55″E﻿ / ﻿38.8956917°S 176.4237639°E﻿ / -38.8956917; 176.4237639 |
| The Point | Mackenzie District | Far North Solar Farm | 420 | Proposed | 44°19′18.71″S 170°12′3.55″E﻿ / ﻿44.3218639°S 170.2009861°E﻿ / -44.3218639; 170.2009861 |
| Three Stream | Kaponga, Taranaki | Ranui Generation | 30 | Consented | |
| Tikokino | Tikokino, Hawke’s Bay | Ranui Generation | 55 | Proposed | |
| Tolaga Bay | Tolaga Bay, East Coast | Eastland Generation | 11.7 | Proposed$^{:67}$ | |
| Twin Rivers | Kaitaia, Northland | Rānui Generation | 31 | Under construction | |
| Waingawa | Masterton, Wairarapa | Masterton Solar and Energy Storage | 100 | Proposed | |
| Waipara | Waipara, Canterbury | Far North Solar Farm | 135 | Proposed | 43°2′52.03″S 172°43′58.09″E﻿ / ﻿43.0477861°S 172.7328028°E﻿ / -43.0477861; 172.7328028 |
| Waiterimu | near Ohinewai, Waikato | Island Green Power | 200 | Consented | 37°28′35.57″S 175°16′14.7″E﻿ / ﻿37.4765472°S 175.270750°E﻿ / -37.4765472; 175.270750 |
| Ward | Ward, Marlborough | Energy Marlborough Ltd | 15 | Consented | |
| Wellsford | Wellsford, Auckland | Energy Farm | 76 | Proposed | 36°18′56.07″S 174°30′55.5″E﻿ / ﻿36.3155750°S 174.515417°E﻿ / -36.3155750; 174.515417 |
| Western Bays | Kuratau, Waikato | Meridian | 500 | Proposed | |

## Cost-effectiveness

Retail buy-back rates for solar power exported to the grid range from 5 to 23 cents, plus 15% GST if the system owner is GST-registered. Cost-effectiveness of a residential solar power occurs when system owners aim to use more of their solar power than what they export, by means of timed appliances, turning on appliances when the sun is out, energy management systems and battery storage. Commercial buildings that use power during the day can get a high return on their investment.
Installing solar panels costs around $2000 per kilowatt. Solar power significantly reduces electricity costs, with rooftop solar costing around 11 cents per unit compared to 35 cents from the grid. This leads to a payback period of five to seven years and a return on investment of 10-15%, which is expected to improve as power prices rise. Payback time is lower for high-power users with heatpumps or electric vehicles Payback time increases sharply when interest on loans is taken into account. Some banks offer green energy loans with low interest rates to offset these costs.

## Statistics

* Source: NREL
Installed solar generation as of 31 December 2024 :
| Network reporting region | Installations | Uptake (%) | Capacity (MW) |
| Bay of Islands (Top Energy) | 2,237 | 6.44 | 37.25 |
| Whangarei and Kaipara (Northpower) | 2,876 | 4.55 | 38.55 |
| Waitemata (Vector) | 5,925 | 2.25 | 33.34 |
| Auckland (Vector) | 6,125 | 1.61 | 47.35 |
| Counties (Counties Power) | 2,139 | 4.34 | 15.75 |
| Thames Valley (Powerco) | 2,191 | 2.88 | 15.38 |
| Waikato (WEL Networks) | 3,038 | 3.02 | 26.17 |
| Waipa (Waipā Networks) | 1,302 | 4.37 | 11.32 |
| King Country (The Lines Company) | 285 | 1.17 | 2.55 |
| Tauranga (Powerco) | 4,114 | 4.36 | 26.24 |
| Rotorua (Unison Networks) | 904 | 2.75 | 5.27 |
| Eastern Bay of Plenty (Horizon Energy) | 774 | 3.05 | 27.62 |
| Taupo (Unison Networks) | 490 | 2.65 | 2.64 |
| Eastland (Eastland Network) | 655 | 2.51 | 8.83 |
| Hawke's Bay (Unison Networks) | 3,250 | 4.89 | 18.84 |
| Central Hawke's Bay (Centralines) | 416 | 4.63 | 2.86 |
| Southern Hawke's Bay (Scanpower) | 87 | 1.27 | 1.09 |
| Wairarapa (Powerco) | 1,295 | 4.71 | 7.58 |
| Taranaki (Powerco) | 1,867 | 3.05 | 15.28 |
| Whanganui (Powerco) | 887 | 2.55 | 5.21 |
| Manawatu (Powerco) | 1,592 | 2.73 | 9.86 |
| Kapiti and Horowhenua (Electra) | 1,821 | 3.83 | 9.83 |
| Wellington (Wellington Electricity) | 3,417 | 1.86 | 19.42 |
| Nelson (Nelson Electricity) | 410 | 4.4 | 2.06 |
| Tasman (Network Tasman) | 2,764 | 6.34 | 18.66 |
| Marlborough (Marlborough Lines) | 1,320 | 4.93 | 10.67 |
| Buller (Buller Electricity) | 54 | 1.09 | 0.29 |
| West Coast (Westpower) | 131 | 0.9 | 0.82 |
| North Canterbury (MainPower) | 2,419 | 5.38 | 13.71 |
| Central Canterbury (Orion) | 6,315 | 2.78 | 40.41 |
| Ashburton (EA Networks) | 622 | 2.94 | 60.82 |
| South Canterbury (Alpine Energy) | 938 | 2.73 | 5.17 |
| Waitaki (Network Waitaki) | 293 | 2.17 | 2.32 |
| Queenstown (Aurora Energy) | 702 | 4.53 | 4.16 |
| Central Otago (Aurora Energy) | 2,039 | 8.06 | 13.32 |
| Otago (OtagoNet) | 361 | 2.3 | 2.21 |
| Dunedin (Aurora Energy) | 808 | 1.41 | 3.74 |
| Southland (The Power Company) | 621 | 1.63 | 3.79 |
| Invercargill (Electricity Invercargill) | 167 | 0.94 | 1.1 |
| Total | 67,651 | 2.91 | 571.5 |
Solar installations – numbers, sizes and proportion of total installed capacity from 2013 :
| End of Year | ICP count | ICP uptake rate (%) | Total capacity installed (MW) | Avg. capacity installed (kW) | Net generation (GWh) |
| 2013 | 2,236 | 0.11092 | 8.326 | 3.724 | 7 |
| 2014 | 5,423 | 0.26616 | 21.634 | 3.989 | 19 |
| 2015 | 9,377 | 0.45512 | 37.126 | 3.959 | 36 |
| 2016 | 13,654 | 0.65528 | 52.972 | 3.880 | 56 |
| 2017 | 18,049 | 0.85537 | 70.185 | 3.889 | 76 |
| 2018 | 22,355 | 1.04626 | 90.160 | 4.033 | 100 |
| 2019 | 26,476 | 1.22233 | 116.584 | 4.403 | 127 |
| 2020 | 30,639 | 1.39407 | 143.510 | 4.684 | 159 |
| 2021 | 36,618 | 1.65042 | 189.556 | 5.148 | 208 |
| 2022 | 46,256 | 2.04148 | 262.413 | 5.673 | 281 |
| 2023 | 52,533 | 2.28367 | 349.853 | 6.660 | 367 |
| 2024 | 59,361 | 2.54903 | 517.839 | 8.724 | |