OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Running the Sahara

Running the Sahara is a 2007 documentary feature film that chronicles Ray Zahab, Charlie Engle, and Kevin Lin's attempt to run across the entire Sahara Desert. They traveled a total of 6920 kilometers, reaching the Red Sea on February 20, 2007.
Producers Marc Joubert, Keith Quinn, Larry Tanz and director James Moll filmed on location in Africa across six countries: Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Libya, Egypt. Prepare2go.com supported the film crew with the logistics throughout.
# Samuel Whittemore

Samuel Whittemore Jr. (July 27, 1696 – February 2, 1793) was an American farmer and soldier. He was 78 years old when he became the oldest known colonial combatant in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).

## Biography

Whittemore was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1696, the second son by that name of Samuel Whittemore Sr. and Hannah Rix, also of Charlestown. He served as a private in Colonel Jeremiah Moulton's Third Massachusetts Regiment, where he fought in King George's War (1744–48). He was involved in the capture of the French stronghold, the Fortress of Louisbourg in 1745. He moved to Menotomy, Massachusetts (present-day Arlington). Recent sources suggest he fought in the French and Indian War (1754–63) at the age of 64, once again assisting in the capture of the Fortress of Louisbourg, and later in a military expedition against Chief Pontiac in 1763. None of them offer documentation to support such claims, though a nineteenth century reference mentions that he had served as a "Captain of Dragoons."

### Battles of Lexington and Concord

On April 19, 1775, British forces were returning to Boston from the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the opening engagements of the war. On their march they were continually shot at by American militiamen.
Whittemore was in his fields when he spotted an approaching British relief brigade under Earl Percy, sent to assist the retreat. Whittemore loaded his musket and ambushed the British grenadiers of the 47th Regiment of Foot from behind a nearby stone wall, killing one soldier. He then drew his dueling pistols, killed a second grenadier and mortally wounded a third. By the time Whittemore had fired his third shot, a British detachment had reached his position; Whittemore drew his sword and attacked. He was subsequently shot in the face, bayoneted numerous times, and left for dead in a pool of blood. He was found by colonial forces, trying to load his musket to resume the fight. He was taken to Dr. Cotton Tufts of Medford, who perceived no hope for his survival. However, Whittemore recovered and lived another 18 years until dying of natural causes at the age of 96.

## Legacy

A monument stands in the corner plot (611 Mass Ave.) called Whittemore Park at the northeast corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Mystic Street in Arlington, Massachusetts; it reads (inaccurately as to age both at the time and 18 years later):
   Near this spot, Samuel Whittemore, then 80 years old, killed three British soldiers, April 19, 1775. He was shot, bayoneted, beaten and left for dead, but recovered and lived to be 98 years of age.
In 2005, Massachusetts Senator Robert Havern III proposed that Whittemore be proclaimed the official state hero of Massachusetts and his memory be commemorated on February 3 each year.
# Tulare apple mosaic virus

Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae.
# South West Port Mouton, Nova Scotia

South West Port Mouton is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Region of Queens Municipality .
43°53′55.97″N 64°48′59.1″W﻿ / ﻿43.8988806°N 64.816417°W﻿ / 43.8988806; -64.816417﻿ (South West Port Mouton, Nova Scotia)
# Vilkul

Vilkul (Ukrainian: Вілкул) is a Ukrainian surname, usually referring to a political family from Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, and includes:
* Yuriy Vilkul (born 1949): Former elected and current acting mayor of Kryvyi Rih
* Oleksandr Vilkul (born 1974): Former Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine, People's Deputy of Ukraine, and Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
# Bhavan's Tripura Vidya Mandir

Bhavan's Tripura Vidya Mandir is a private LKG–12, CBSE-affiliated school run by the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust in Agartala, Agartala, Tripura. Founded in 1996, it is the first Bhavan's school to be set up in Tripura.
The school functions under the purview of the Agartala Kendra of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, which also runs two other schools & three college in and around Agartala.

## Campus

The school's facilities include library, computer lab, science lab, an auditorium and hostel for both boys and girls. The sports complex has facilities for: cricket, football, swimming pool, table tennis, and badminton.

## Academic year and timings

The school academic year commences in April and ends in March. The school runs in two shifts. Nursery to Class V in the first shift, and Class VI to Class XII in the second shift.
* First shift timings: 07:00 A.M. to 12:00 P.M.
* Second Shift timings: 10:00 A.M. to 04:00 P.M

## Notable alumni

* Sourabhee Debbarma
# List of countries in Europe by military expenditures

This article lists military spending in European countries by varying methods including as a percentage of GDP per capita and as a total capital expenditure as listed by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute unless otherwise stated or cited.
The share of total expenditure, the average defence spending was 2.5 % in 2021 in the EU and 2.4% in the euro area. As a share of GDP the average was 1.3% in the EU and in the euro area.
Total defence expenditure of the European Defence Agency (EDA) Member States was €279 billion in 2023, which was 1.6% of the 27 EDA Member States’ GDP.

## By GDP

The European Defence Agency member state average spend on defence as a percentage of GDP was 1.6% in 2023.
| Country | Percentage of GDP expenditure, 2023 |
| Albania | 1.74% |
| Andorra | |
| Armenia | 5.45% |
| Austria | 0.84% |
| Azerbaijan | 4.60% |
| Belarus | 1.80% |
| Belgium | 1.21% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.81% |
| Bulgaria | 1.85% |
| Croatia | 1.78% |
| Cyprus | 1.82% |
| Czech Republic | 1.52% |
| Denmark | 1.95% |
| Estonia | 2.87% |
| Finland | 2.42% |
| France | 2.26% |
| Georgia | 1.68% |
| Germany | 1.52% |
| Greece | 3.23% |
| Hungary | 2.13% |
| Iceland (2021) | 0.1% |
| Ireland | 0.22% |
| Italy | 1.61% |
| Kazakhstan | 0.48% |
| Kosovo | 1.25% |
| Latvia | 2.27% |
| Liechtenstein (assumed 2017) | 0.4% |
| Lithuania | 2.72% |
| Luxembourg | 0.75% |
| Malta | 0.56% |
| Moldova | 0.55% |
| Monaco | |
| Montenegro | 1.63% |
| Netherlands | 1.53% |
| North Macedonia | 1.70% |
| Norway | 1.61% |
| Poland | 3.83% |
| Portugal | 1.52% |
| Romania | 1.61% |
| Russia | 5.86% |
| San Marino | |
| Serbia | 2.85% |
| Slovakia | 2.02% |
| Slovenia | 1.34% |
| Spain | 1.51% |
| Sweden | 1.47% |
| Switzerland | 0.70% |
| Turkey | 1.50% |
| Ukraine | 36.65% |
| United Kingdom | 2.26% |
| Vatican City | |

## By total capital expenditure

| Country | US $m in 2023 |
| Albania | 397,6 |
| Andorra | |
| Armenia | 1329,5 |
| Austria | 4410,0 |
| Azerbaijan | 3561,7 |
| Belarus | 1403,1 |
| Belgium | 7629,4 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 216,7 |
| Bulgaria | 1918,4 |
| Croatia | 1439,1 |
| Cyprus | 566,9 |
| Czech Republic | 5056,3 |
| Denmark | 8144,9 |
| Estonia | 1189,5 |
| Finland | 7348,0 |
| France | 61301,3 |
| Georgia | 504,6 |
| Germany | 66826,6 |
| Greece | 7729,8 |
| Hungary | 4355,5 |
| Iceland | |
| Ireland | 1269,2 |
| Italy | 35528,9 |
| Kazakhstan | 1236,3 |
| Kosovo | 133,2 |
| Latvia | 1045,3 |
| Liechtenstein | |
| Lithuania | 2160,8 |
| Luxembourg | 662,5 |
| Malta | 112,6 |
| Moldova | 93,4 |
| Monaco | |
| Montenegro | 114,5 |
| Netherlands | 16624,8 |
| North Macedonia | 266,6 |
| Norway | 8668,6 |
| Poland | 31649,9 |
| Portugal | 4223,2 |
| Romania | 5610,7 |
| Russia | 109454,4 |
| San Marino | |
| Serbia | 2135,8 |
| Slovakia | 2663,1 |
| Slovenia | 907,5 |
| Spain | 23699,1 |
| Sweden | 8754,9 |
| Switzerland | 6293,4 |
| Turkey | 15827,9 |
| Ukraine | 64753,2 |
| United Kingdom | 74942,8 |
| Vatican City | |
# Mervyn Finlay

Mervyn David Finlay (17 June 1925 – 2 July 2014) was an Australian judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and Queen's Counsel. He was a WWII RAAF officer, represented Australia at rowing in the 1952 Summer Olympics and was a NSW state athletics champion.

## Early life and sporting career

Born in Balmain, Sydney one of two children to solicitor Mervyn Finlay and his wife Marjorie (née Kirkwood), Finlay was educated at Sydney Grammar School. He was commissioned an RAAF Flying Officer in the closing stages of World War II. In 1948 he was the New South Wales state athletics champion at the 880yds event.
His senior rowing was done with the Leichhardt Rowing Club in Sydney where he was club captain in 1952. In the three seasons from 1950 to 1952 he was selected in the New South Wales state eight which contested the King's Cup at the Australian Rowing Championships. The New South Wales crew were national champions in 1950 and 1951.
For the 1952 Helsinki Olympics an all-New South Wales crew was selected twelve months in advance based on the 1951 King's Cup result. The Olympic selection crew raced the 1952 King's Cup for New South Wales during its preparation and was comprehensively beaten by Victoria. The media then claimed the Victorian crew should be nominated instead. However the selector Joe Gould stuck with the selected crew since a number of them including stroke Phil Cayzer, had severe adverse reactions to the vaccinations they'd taken for overseas travel. It was also mentioned that their fundraising responsibilities, some 7,000 pounds, impacted their preparation - the Australian Olympic Federation had only been able to fund four air tickets for the eight. Finlay was seated at six in that Australian Olympic men's eight who to their credit won the bronze medal in Helsinki.

## Legal career

He was admitted to the Bar in 1952 and practised as a Queen's Counsel in New South Wales. From 1984 to 1995 he was a New South Wales Supreme Court judge.
After retirement from the bench he was appointed in June 1997 as Inspector of the Police Integrity Commission for a five-year term. He later conducted a judicial review into the law of manslaughter in NSW and its application to negligence-caused deaths of an unborn children. Certain of his proposed statutory amendments were adopted into law. Following a period as Chairman of the NSW Innocence Panel, Finlay was appointed Assistant Commissioner of the Police Integrity Commission, for a period expiring shortly after his 80th birthday. In 2007 he was recommended and took up a post as Inspector (Assistant Commissioner) of the newly established New South Wales Police Integrity Commission.

## Personal

He married Prudence Teece and raised four children at Bellevue Hill in Sydney. Finlay died on 2 July 2014.
# Marcin Bylica

Marcin Bylica (c. 1433 in Olkusz – 1493 in Buda), also known as Martin Bylica and Marcin z Olkusza, was a Polish astronomer and astrologer at the court of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary.

## Biography

Son of burgher Jan, waterworks caretaker of Olkusz. He studied first probably at parish school in Olkusz, and later at the University of Cracow, where he doubtless studied under the astronomer Marcin Król z Żurawicy. Bylica was invited by Johannes Lauratius de Fundis and taught astronomy at the University of Bologna in 1463.
In 1464, he was in Rome as the astrologer to a cardinal - either Pietro Barbo, who was elevated to the papacy as Paul II in that year, or Rodrigo Borgia, the future pope Alexander VI. In Rome, Bylica met Regiomontanus and began a fruitful collaboration with him. They jointly developed astronomical tables and Disputationes inter Viennensem et Cracoviensem super Cremonensia in planetarum theoriae deliramenta (lat. Dialogues between a Viennese and a Cracovian about Gerard of Cremona's thoughts on planetary theories) - a critique of an obsolete astronomy book.
Not long after, Bylica and Regiomontaus were summoned by John Vitéz, archbishop of Esztergom, and his nephew Janus Pannonius, bishop of Pécs, to join their recently founded university in Presburg, known as the Universitas Istropolitana. Working in the palace of Esztergom where John Vitéz had installed an astronomic observatory, they set the Tabulæ directionum et profectionum in 1467. These tables were meant to allow astrologers to predict the future based on one's date of birth. They proved popular, going through 11 printed editions by 1626.
In the spring of 1468, Bylica became the official astrologer of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary. The appointment followed a public disputation he had with his colleague Johannes Stercz, almost certainly in Presburg, in the presence of the king and his court, about the horoscope of the conception of the son of count János Rozgon. By Bylica's own account, Stercz was humiliated. Matthias declared Bylica the winner and awarded him 100 florins. Bylica subsequently became one of Corvinus' closest councilors.
At his death, Bylica bequeathed an important collection of books and astronomical instruments, which survive to this day, to the university in Cracow. The book collection includes works by Regiomontanus and Georg von Peuerbach, as well as the Tractatus Astrarii by Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio.
There is a street named after him in his hometown, Olkusz.

## Works

* with Regiomontanus, Disputationes inter Viennensem et Cracoviensem super Cremonensia in planetarum theoriae deliramenta.
* Vitae archiepiscoporum gnesnensium, published in full after 1680.
# Blue Oval City

BlueOval City is a planned automotive assembly complex near Stanton, Tennessee that will be operated by Ford Motor Company and SK Innovation. It is expected to be operational in 2025. The facility takes its name from Ford's logo. It will primarily consist of an automotive assembly plant to produce electric pickup trucks, including the Ford F-150 lightning, and a plant to manufacture electric vehicle batteries, as well as a battery recycling facility, suppliers, and a training center.
The project is expected to cost $5.6 billion, making it the most expensive single investment in Tennessee history. It will employ approximately 5,800 people when complete.

## History

The project was jointly announced by both companies on September 27, 2021. A ceremony was held the following day at Shelby Farms in Memphis, providing further details of the project. The facilities will be constructed at the 4,100-acre (1,700 ha) Memphis Regional Megasite, also known as the West Tennessee Megasite, which was designated as an industrial site in September 2009.
The site is located in rural Haywood County near the town of Stanton, about 40 miles (64 km) east of Memphis. It is accessible from Interstate 40. The state was initially expected to provide approximately $500 million worth of incentives that include infrastructure improvements, grants, and a new campus operated by the Tennessee College of Applied Technology (TCAT) to train workers for the plants. The final cost ballooned to $884 million.
In addition to BlueOval City, Ford and SK Innovation announced plans to construct twin battery plants in Glendale, Kentucky, called BlueOval SK.
# Boisar railway station

Boisar railway station (BOR) is located in Boisar, Maharashtra, and is a major hub for the Mumbai Suburban Railway network.
The station has three platforms, ample parking space, and basic amenities like restrooms and drinking water.
Boisar is known for its proximity to the Tarapur Atomic Power Station and the scenic Tarapur Beach, making it a popular destination for visitors, It is also a terminus for the Boisar - Vasai Road - Panvel line.
This station is the main mode of transportation for the population of here and Tarapur, It is a major railway station on Western Railway, due to its high passenger and goods traffic, as it is the closest station to one of the biggest MIDC of Maharashtra, situated in Palghar district. This station has a dedicated good yards as well.
As of 2025, the railway station is under major redevelopment and construction for new station building, new good loading yards and new home platforms for Mumbai Suburban Local train, which will boost the connectivity and frequency of trains between Boisar and Mumbai as well as more Express trains will have stoppages here.

## Major Trains

Some of the major superfast/express trains which have a halt here :
| Train No. & Name | Type | Zone |
| 22953/54 Gujarat Express | Superfast | WR |
| 22927 Lok Shakti Express | Superfast | WR |
| 20931/32 Thiruvananthapuram North–Indore Weekly Express | Superfast | WR |
| 22193/94 Daund–Gwalior Weekly Superfast Express | Superfast | NCR |
| 20953/54 MGR Chennai Central–Ahmedabad Superfast Express | Superfast | WR |
| 22917/18 Bandra Terminus–Haridwar Express | Superfast | WR |
| 20967/86 Secunderabad–Porbandar Weekly Express | Superfast | WR |
| 12935/36 Bandra Terminus–Surat Intercity Express | Superfast | WR |
| 19037/38 Avadh Express | Express | WR |
| 19015/16 Saurashtra Express | Express | WR |
| 59023/24 Mumbai Central–Valsad Fast Passenger | Fast Passenger | WR |
Apart from these trains, there are 8 MEMU trains having stoppage here.
Trains originating/terminating :
| Train No. & Name | Type | Origin | Termini | Notes |
| 61002 Dombivli - Boisar MEMU | MEMU | DI 05:49 | BOR 08:20 | same rake returns as 61001 |
| 61001 Boisar - Vasai Road MEMU | MEMU | BOR 08:35 | BSR 09:45 | gets extended upto Diva from Vasai |
# Kilmaine

Kilmaine or Kilmain (Irish: Cill Mheáin) is a barony and village in County Mayo, Ireland.

## Village

"Kilmaine", derived from the Irish language 'Cill Mheán', means The Middle Church – 'Cill' is the word used in the Irish language for a church, and 'meán' is the Irish word for middle. The village is located on the N84 road between Shrule and Ballinrobe. The hinterland is entirely rural, made up of farms and scattered houses. The nearest town is Ballinrobe, and the closest city is Galway, roughly 40 kilometers (24 miles) away.
The village of Kilmaine had a population of 147 at the 2016 census. The village has a shop, two pubs, a church, school, a Garda (police) station. It also has a Gaelic Athletic Association pitch.

## Transport

The village lies on the N84 road that links Galway to Castlebar (Irish: Caisleán an Bharraigh) . A bus service that runs four days a week between Galway and Ballina passes through Kilmaine and also travels through Castlebar.

## Sport

The local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Kilmaine GAA, was founded on 9 March 1937. The first competitive game ever played by a Kilmaine team was against Castlegar (Claremorris), in Curran's field. A local boxing club sometimes runs in the community centre.

## Kilmaine barony

Civil parishes:
* Ballinchalla
* Ballinrobe
* Cong
* Kilcommon
* Kilmainebeg
* Kilmainemore
* Kilmolara
* Mayo
* Moorgagagh
* Robeen
* Shrule
Towns and villages:
* Ballinrobe
* Cong
* Hollymount
* Kilmaine
* Roundfort
* Shrule
* The Neale
# Palestinian Centre for the Study of Nonviolence

The Palestinian Centre for the Study of Nonviolence (PCSN) was founded in 1983 by Mubarak Awad, a Palestinian-American psychologist, and an advocate of nonviolent resistance.
Awad, who was born in Jerusalem in 1943, returned to the city on a tourist visa in 1983 to establish the nonviolence centre. His plan was to collate information about reconciliation, peace, justice and nonviolence from Arabic literature and Islamic texts and use the material to inform Palestinians that these ideas came from their cultural heritage. He believed that these ideas would help Palestinians generate their own ideas on these issues. Awad was part of a group of twenty Palestinian intellectuals who advocated nonviolent tactics of intifada and wrote leaflets calling for sit-down strikes local production of food and wrote a long article containing 120 ways nonviolence ways to resist Israelis. Awad traveled through the West Bank on scooter, organizing seminars. A preparation meeting for opening the center was held in 1984 in which Awad, human rights lawyer Jonathan Kuttab and American nonviolence strategist Gene Sharp took part. Initially Kuttab raised the money in United States and in 1985 the center got founding from Hisham Sharabi, Chair of Arab Culture at the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., who was familiar with Awad's work and the center was officially established.
In 1987, Awad attempted to renew the residency permit he had been issued in 1967. His application was declined and he was ordered to leave the country when his tourist visa expired. Awad claimed, with strong support from U.S. consular officials, that under international conventions Israel did not have the right to expel him from his place of birth and he refused to leave. The Israeli government stayed the deportation order mainly at the insistence of the U.S. In May 1988, Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir ordered Awad arrested and expelled. Officials charged that Awad broke Israeli law by inciting "civil uprising" and helping to write leaflets that advocated civil disobedience that were distributed by the leadership of the First Intifada. No evidence was provided to support the charge and Awad appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. The court ruled that he had forfeited his right to residence status in Israel when he became a U.S. citizen and he was deported in June 1988. U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz's appeal to Shamir to revoke the deportation order was declined.
In 1998 Holy Land Trust (HLT) was established out of PCSN and The Journey of the Magi (JOM) by Sami Awad, Mubarak Awad's nephew.