# January 2019 lunar eclipse

A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Monday, January 21, 2019, with an umbral magnitude of 1.1966. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 10 hours before perigee (on January 21, 2019, at 15:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
Because the Moon was near its perigee on January 21, it can be described as a "supermoon". As this supermoon was also a wolf moon (the first full moon in a calendar year), it was referred to as a "super blood wolf moon"; blood refers to the typical red color of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse. This was the last total lunar eclipse until May 2021. This was a Super Full Moon because occurred less than a day before perigee and the Moon was less than exactly 360,000 km (223,694 mi).
The Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, California captured video showing a meteoroid between the size of an acorn and tennis ball impacting the Moon during the eclipse. The impact was observed during totality, at 4:41 UTC, on the left side of the Moon. It is the only documented case of a lunar impact during a total lunar eclipse.

## Appearance

This lunar eclipse took place in the constellation of Cancer, just west of the Beehive Cluster.

## Visibility

The eclipse was completely visible over North and South America and western Europe, seen rising over the central Pacific Ocean, and setting over Africa, most of Europe, and the Middle East.
* Visibility map

## Timing

The penumbral phases of the eclipse changes the appearance of the Moon only slightly and is generally not noticeable.
Local times of contacts :
| Time zone adjustments from UTC | Time zone adjustments from UTC | Americas | Americas | Americas | Americas | Americas | Atlantic | Atlantic | Atlantic | European/African | European/African | European/African | European/African |
| Time zone adjustments from UTC | Time zone adjustments from UTC | -8$_h$ | -7$_h$ | -6$_h$ | -5$_h$ | -4$_h$ | -3$_h$ | -2$_h$ | -1$_h$ | 0$_h$ | +1$_h$ | +2$_h$ | +3$_h$ |
| Time zone adjustments from UTC | Time zone adjustments from UTC | PST | MST | CST | EST | AST | | | | GMT WET | WEST CET BST | CEST EET MSK−1 | FET MSK EAT |
| Event | Event | Evening 20 January | Evening 20 January | Evening 20 January | Evening 20 January | Evening 20 January | Evening 20 January | Morning 21 January | Morning 21 January | Morning 21 January | Morning 21 January | Morning 21 January | Morning 21 January |
| P1 | Penumbral begins* | 6:37 pm | 7:37 pm | 8:37 pm | 9:37 pm | 10:37 pm | 11:37 pm | 12:37 am | 1:37 am | 2:37 am | 3:37 am | 4:37 am | 5:37 am |
| U1 | Partial begins | 7:34 pm | 8:34 pm | 9:34 pm | 10:34 pm | 11:34 pm | 12:34 am | 1:34 am | 2:34 am | 3:34 am | 4:34 am | 5:34 am | 6:34 am |
| U2 | Total begins | 8:41 pm | 9:41 pm | 10:41 pm | 11:41 pm | 12:41 am | 1:41 am | 2:41 am | 3:41 am | 4:41 am | 5:41 am | 6:41 am | 7:41 am |
| | Mid-eclipse | 9:12 pm | 10:12 pm | 11:12 pm | 12:12 am | 1:12 am | 2:12 am | 3:12 am | 4:12 am | 5:12 am | 6:12 am | 7:12 am | 8:12 am |
| U3 | Total ends | 9:43 pm | 10:43 pm | 11:43 pm | 12:43 am | 1:43 am | 2:43 am | 3:43 am | 4:43 am | 5:43 am | 6:43 am | 7:43 am | 8:43 am |
| U4 | Partial ends | 10:51 pm | 11:51 pm | 12:51 am | 1:51 am | 2:51 am | 3:51 am | 4:51 am | 5:51 am | 6:51 am | 7:51 am | 8:51 am | 9:51 am |
| P4 | Penumbral ends* | 11:48 pm | 12:48 am | 1:48 am | 2:48 am | 3:48 am | 4:48 am | 5:48 am | 6:48 am | 7:48 am | 8:48 am | 9:48 am | 10:48 am |

## Gallery
### America

* Austin, Texas, 3:57 UTC
* Seattle, Washington, 4:27 UTC
* Lindsborg, Kansas, 4:40 UTC
* Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4:40 UTC
* San Diego, California, 4:41 UTC
* Tres Piedras, New Mexico, 4:42 UTC
* Chihuahua City, Mexico, 4:44 UTC
* Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 5:02 UTC
* Denver, Colorado, 5:03 UTC
* Totality in Coralville, Iowa, 5:07 UTC (23:07 Local Time)
* Macon, Georgia, 5:18 UTC
* Whitpain Township, Pennsylvania, 5:26 UTC
* New York City, New York, 5:37 UTC
* Animation from Taubaté, Brazil
* From Victoria, Canada at totality

### Europe

* Partial from Moscow, Russia, 3:49 UTC
* Estonia, 4:41 UTC
* Järna, Sweden, 4:48 UTC
* Finland, 6:02 UTC
* Sandl, Austria

## Impact sighted

Livestreams detected a flash of light while viewing the eclipse. It was "likely caused by the crash of a tiny, fast-moving meteoroid left behind by a comet."
Originally thinking it was electronic noise from the camera, astronomers and citizen scientists shared the visual phenomenon with each other to identify it.
When totality was just beginning at 4:41 UT, the tiny speck of light blinked south of a nearly 55-mile-wide crater in the western part of the moon.
The location of the impact may be somewhere in the lunar highlands, south of Byrgius crater, according to Justin Cowart, a graduate student in geosciences at Stony Brook University in New York who first saw the flash of light.
“A meteoroid about this size hits the moon about once a week or so,” said Cowart.
This may be the first time that a collision, during a total lunar eclipse, was captured on video.
“I have not heard of anyone seeing an impact like this during a lunar eclipse before,” said Sara Russell, a professor of planetary sciences at the Natural History Museum in London.
People posted their images and video of a flicker of light as news spread quickly on social media.
Working overtime, co-director of the Moon Impacts Detection and Analysis System, MIDAS, an astrophysicist at the University of Huelva in Spain, Jose Maria Madiedo, set up eight telescopes to watch for any impacts during the eclipse.
“Something inside of me told me that this time would be the time,” said Madiedo.
A paper calculated a mass between 20 and 100 kilograms and diameter of 30 to 50 cm that may have caused a 7–15 meter crater located "inside a triangle with vertices in the Lagrange H, K and X craters". Other astronomers estimated a 10-15 meter crater from a 45 kg asteroid moving 61,000 km/h.

## Eclipse details

Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
January 21, 2019 Lunar Eclipse Parameters :
| Parameter | Value |
| Penumbral Magnitude | 2.16972 |
| Umbral Magnitude | 1.19657 |
| Gamma | 0.36842 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 20h12m17.2s |
| Sun Declination | -19°57'48.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'15.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 08h12m28.7s |
| Moon Declination | +20°20'13.2" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'42.1" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'17.9" |
| ΔT | 69.1 s |

## Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
Eclipse season of January 2019 :
| January 6 Descending node (new moon) | January 21 Ascending node (full moon) |
| Partial solar eclipse Solar Saros 122 | Total lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 134 |

## Related eclipses
### Eclipses in 2019

* A partial solar eclipse on January 6.
* A total lunar eclipse on January 21.
* A total solar eclipse on July 2.
* A partial lunar eclipse on July 16.
* An annular solar eclipse on December 26.

### Metonic

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of April 4, 2015
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 8, 2022

### Tzolkinex

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 10, 2011
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of March 3, 2026

### Half-Saros

* Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010
* Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 26, 2028

### Tritos

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of February 21, 2008
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of December 20, 2029

### Lunar Saros 134

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 9, 2001
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 31, 2037

### Inex

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of February 9, 1990
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 1, 2048

### Triad

* Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of March 22, 1932
* Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 21, 2105

### Lunar eclipses of 2016–2020

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.
The penumbral lunar eclipses on March 23, 2016 and September 16, 2016 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the penumbral lunar eclipses on June 5, 2020 and November 30, 2020 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
Lunar eclipse series sets from 2016 to 2020 :
| Descending node | Descending node | Descending node | Descending node | Ascending node | Ascending node | Ascending node | Ascending node |
| Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma |
| 109 | 2016 Aug 18 | Penumbral | 1.5641 | 114 | 2017 Feb 11 | Penumbral | −1.0255 |
| 119 | 2017 Aug 07 | Partial | 0.8669 | 124 | 2018 Jan 31 | Total | −0.3014 |
| 129 | 2018 Jul 27 | Total | 0.1168 | 134 | 2019 Jan 21 | Total | 0.3684 |
| 139 | 2019 Jul 16 | Partial | −0.6430 | 144 | 2020 Jan 10 | Penumbral | 1.0727 |
| 149 | 2020 Jul 05 | Penumbral | −1.3639 |

### Saros 134

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on April 1, 1550. It contains partial eclipses from July 7, 1694 through October 13, 1856; total eclipses from October 25, 1874 through July 26, 2325; and a second set of partial eclipses from August 7, 2343 through November 12, 2505. The series ends at member 72 as a penumbral eclipse on May 28, 2830.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 38 at 100 minutes, 23 seconds on May 22, 2217. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.
| Greatest | First | First | First | First |
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2217 May 22, lasting 100 minutes, 23 seconds. | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2217 May 22, lasting 100 minutes, 23 seconds. | 1550 Apr 01 | 1694 Jul 07 | 1874 Oct 25 | 2127 Mar 28 |
| Last ||||
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2217 May 22, lasting 100 minutes, 23 seconds. | Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral |
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2217 May 22, lasting 100 minutes, 23 seconds. | 2289 Jul 04 | 2325 Jul 26 | 2505 Nov 12 | 2830 May 28 |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
Series members 15–37 occur between 1801 and 2200: :
| 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
| 1802 Sep 11 | 1802 Sep 11 | 1820 Sep 22 | 1820 Sep 22 | 1838 Oct 03 | 1838 Oct 03 |
| 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 |
| 1856 Oct 13 | 1856 Oct 13 | 1874 Oct 25 | 1874 Oct 25 | 1892 Nov 04 | 1892 Nov 04 |
| 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 |
| 1910 Nov 17 | 1910 Nov 17 | 1928 Nov 27 | 1928 Nov 27 | 1946 Dec 08 | 1946 Dec 08 |
| 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 |
| 1964 Dec 19 | 1964 Dec 19 | 1982 Dec 30 | 1982 Dec 30 | 2001 Jan 09 | 2001 Jan 09 |
| 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 |
| 2019 Jan 21 | 2019 Jan 21 | 2037 Jan 31 | 2037 Jan 31 | 2055 Feb 11 | 2055 Feb 11 |
| 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 |
| 2073 Feb 22 | 2073 Feb 22 | 2091 Mar 05 | 2091 Mar 05 | 2109 Mar 17 | 2109 Mar 17 |
| 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 |
| 2127 Mar 28 | 2127 Mar 28 | 2145 Apr 07 | 2145 Apr 07 | 2163 Apr 19 | 2163 Apr 19 |
| 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 |
| 2181 Apr 29 | 2181 Apr 29 | 2199 May 10 | 2199 May 10 |

### Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Series members between 1801 and 2200 :
| 1811 Sep 02 (Saros 115) | 1811 Sep 02 (Saros 115) | 1822 Aug 03 (Saros 116) | 1822 Aug 03 (Saros 116) | 1833 Jul 02 (Saros 117) | 1833 Jul 02 (Saros 117) | 1844 May 31 (Saros 118) | 1844 May 31 (Saros 118) | 1855 May 02 (Saros 119) | 1855 May 02 (Saros 119) |
| 1866 Mar 31 (Saros 120) | 1866 Mar 31 (Saros 120) | 1877 Feb 27 (Saros 121) | 1877 Feb 27 (Saros 121) | 1888 Jan 28 (Saros 122) | 1888 Jan 28 (Saros 122) | 1898 Dec 27 (Saros 123) | 1898 Dec 27 (Saros 123) | 1909 Nov 27 (Saros 124) | 1909 Nov 27 (Saros 124) |
| 1920 Oct 27 (Saros 125) | 1920 Oct 27 (Saros 125) | 1931 Sep 26 (Saros 126) | 1931 Sep 26 (Saros 126) | 1942 Aug 26 (Saros 127) | 1942 Aug 26 (Saros 127) | 1953 Jul 26 (Saros 128) | 1953 Jul 26 (Saros 128) | 1964 Jun 25 (Saros 129) | 1964 Jun 25 (Saros 129) |
| 1975 May 25 (Saros 130) | 1975 May 25 (Saros 130) | 1986 Apr 24 (Saros 131) | 1986 Apr 24 (Saros 131) | 1997 Mar 24 (Saros 132) | 1997 Mar 24 (Saros 132) | 2008 Feb 21 (Saros 133) | 2008 Feb 21 (Saros 133) | 2019 Jan 21 (Saros 134) | 2019 Jan 21 (Saros 134) |
| 2029 Dec 20 (Saros 135) | 2029 Dec 20 (Saros 135) | 2040 Nov 18 (Saros 136) | 2040 Nov 18 (Saros 136) | 2051 Oct 19 (Saros 137) | 2051 Oct 19 (Saros 137) | 2062 Sep 18 (Saros 138) | 2062 Sep 18 (Saros 138) | 2073 Aug 17 (Saros 139) | 2073 Aug 17 (Saros 139) |
| 2084 Jul 17 (Saros 140) | 2084 Jul 17 (Saros 140) | 2095 Jun 17 (Saros 141) | 2095 Jun 17 (Saros 141) | 2106 May 17 (Saros 142) | 2106 May 17 (Saros 142) | 2117 Apr 16 (Saros 143) | 2117 Apr 16 (Saros 143) | 2128 Mar 16 (Saros 144) | 2128 Mar 16 (Saros 144) |
| 2139 Feb 13 (Saros 145) | 2139 Feb 13 (Saros 145) | 2150 Jan 13 (Saros 146) | 2150 Jan 13 (Saros 146) | 2160 Dec 13 (Saros 147) | 2160 Dec 13 (Saros 147) | 2171 Nov 12 (Saros 148) | 2171 Nov 12 (Saros 148) | 2182 Oct 11 (Saros 149) | 2182 Oct 11 (Saros 149) |
| 2193 Sep 11 (Saros 150) ||

### Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Series members between 1801 and 2200 :
| 1816 Jun 10 (Saros 127) | 1816 Jun 10 (Saros 127) | 1845 May 21 (Saros 128) | 1845 May 21 (Saros 128) | 1874 May 01 (Saros 129) | 1874 May 01 (Saros 129) |
| 1903 Apr 12 (Saros 130) | 1903 Apr 12 (Saros 130) | 1932 Mar 22 (Saros 131) | 1932 Mar 22 (Saros 131) | 1961 Mar 02 (Saros 132) | 1961 Mar 02 (Saros 132) |
| 1990 Feb 09 (Saros 133) | 1990 Feb 09 (Saros 133) | 2019 Jan 21 (Saros 134) | 2019 Jan 21 (Saros 134) | 2048 Jan 01 (Saros 135) | 2048 Jan 01 (Saros 135) |
| 2076 Dec 10 (Saros 136) | 2076 Dec 10 (Saros 136) | 2105 Nov 21 (Saros 137) | 2105 Nov 21 (Saros 137) | 2134 Nov 02 (Saros 138) | 2134 Nov 02 (Saros 138) |
| 2163 Oct 12 (Saros 139) | 2163 Oct 12 (Saros 139) | 2192 Sep 21 (Saros 140) | 2192 Sep 21 (Saros 140) |

### Half-Saros cycle

A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros). This lunar eclipse is related to two annular solar eclipses of Solar Saros 141.
| January 15, 2010 | January 26, 2028 |