OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Smith (merchant)

Richard Smith (1707–1776) was an English merchant in the West Indies trade, and director of the East India Company.

## Life

Smith was born in Whitehaven, then in Cumberland, or Appleby, Westmorland. He was a merchant and slave owner in the West Indies. When he moved back from Barbados, where he was a plantation owner, to London, he brought five enslaved people with him.
Smith's business assets included a warehouse in Cheapside, and Lys Farm near Bramdean in Hampshire, once used for cattle-breeding. Having bought the farm in 1769, he began to transform it into a gentlemanly estate, Brockwood Park, building a country house; a wing was added to the house in 1774, and at the end of his life it was a family home. It is now the site of the Krishnamurti Centre, as Brockwood Park.
Smith died on 13 October 1776.

## Legacy

Smith's will left a number of enslaved persons, by name, to his grandchildren. The drafting of the will was intended to keep a substantial estate in trust for Smith's grandchildren; but the effect was otherwise. It was the subject of Chancery proceedings until 1813, when the estate was much diminished. This case has been suggested as one of the inspirations for Jarndyce and Jarndyce in Charles Dickens's Bleak House.
Benjamin Smith, the younger son, bought sugar plantations in 1781, to provide income from the trust arising from the will. Covered by the will was the advowson for St Mary's Church, Islington, which Richard Smith had purchased in 1771.

## Family

With his first wife Elizabeth Crow, widow of Nathaniel Crow or Crowe of Barbados, Smith had three children:
* Richard II (1739–1772), who was Rector of Islington, and married Elizabeth Mary Mapp of Barbados — they had two children;
* Benjamin (1742–1806), who married Charlotte Turner in 1765 — they had 12 children;
* Mary (1740–1775) who married twice, having three children with her first husband William Berney of Barbados, and five with her second, Thomas Dyer.
Smith had a step-daughter Mary, from Elizabeth Crow's first marriage: she married John Robinson (1727–1802). After Elizabeth's death Smith married again in 1767, his wife being Lucy Towers, sister of Charlotte Turner's mother Anna.

### Slave Compensation Act 1837

The descendants of Richard II Smith (Rev. Richard Smith the elder), and the Berney branch of the family, retained connections with slave plantations in the West Indies, and feature in the compensation records made as a consequence of the Slave Compensation Act 1837. The following grandchildren are documented in this way:
* Mary Gibbes Allen (née Smith, 4 December 1764 – 10 January 1787), married to Captain Robert Allen;
* Richard III Smith (Rev. Richard Smith, 2 November 1766 – 23 October 1848), married to Mary Evatt Acklom;
* Dorothy Elizabeth Boehm (née Berney, 1766–1842), married to Edmund Boehm (1741–1822) in 1781.
# Rhinehart Township, Polk County, Minnesota

Rhinehart Township is a township in Polk County, Minnesota, United States. It is part of the Grand Forks-ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 139 at the 2020 census.
Rhinehart Township was named for Captain A. C. Rhinehart, a county official.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.4 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 91 people, 31 households, and 23 families residing in the township. The population density was 31.9 inhabitants per square mile (12.3/km$^2$). There were 32 housing units at an average density of 11.2/sq mi (4.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.90% White and 1.10% Asian.
There were 31 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.2% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.46.
In the township the population was spread out, with 33.0% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $63,500, and the median income for a family was $63,333. Males had a median income of $63,125 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,876. There were no families and 2.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# AD 101

Year 101 (CI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Traianus and Paetus (or, less frequently, year 854 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 101 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Trajan begins his fourth consulship.
* Emperor Trajan starts an expedition against Dacia, exceeding the limits of the Roman Empire set by Augustus.
* Third Battle of Tapae: Roman forces, led by Trajan, defeat the Dacian king Decebalus in Transylvania.

### By topic
#### Literature

* Epictetus writes and publishes The Discourses of Epictetus (approximate date).

## Births

* January 13 – Lucius Aelius Caesar, Roman politician (d. 138)
* Felicitas of Rome, Christian female martyr (d. 165)
* Herodes Atticus, Greek rhetoritician (d. 177)

## Deaths

* Clement I, bishop of Rome (epistle to the Corinthians) (or 102 according to Roman Catholic tradition)
* Gan Ying, Chinese ambassador of the Han dynasty
* Jia Kui, Chinese scholar and philosopher (b. AD 30)
* Silius Italicus, Roman politician and author of the Punica (annals of Hannibal during the Second Punic War) (b. c. AD 28)
# Tim Owen (barrister)

Tim Owen KC is an English barrister at Matrix Chambers. His practice spans the fields of fraud/regulatory, criminal, public, human rights, media and information, extradition/MLA, sports, asset recovery, police and civil law.
In addition to his practice at the Bar, he sits as a Deputy High Court Judge in the Administrative Court, is an Acting Judge to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands and a Member of the Sports Resolutions Panel of Arbitrators and Mediators. He is a founder member of Matrix Chambers and a Master of the Bench of Middle Temple.

## Education and career

Educated at United World College of the Atlantic and London School of Economics, Tim Owen was called to the Bar in 1983. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 2000. He is currently a member of Matrix Chambers.

## Cases
### Rurik Jutting

In 2016, Tim Owen defended Rurik Jutting, a British banker who confessed to torturing and killing two Indonesian women in HK, arguing diminished responsibility. The trial evidence included videos of torture Jutting recorded on his phone. They were deemed so traumatising that journalists and the public were prevented from seeing them. Jutting was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison.

### Jimmy Lai

In late 2022, Jimmy Lai's request to instruct Owen as part of his defense team was appealed by Hong Kong Secretary for Justice Paul Lam and the Department of Justice multiple times. On 30 December 2022, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress gave the Chief Executive of Hong Kong the power to bar foreign lawyers from cases related to national security.

## Personal life

Tim Owen was married to actress Jemma Redgrave, a member of the Redgrave family, between 1992 and 2020. They have two sons, Gabriel, born in 1994, and Alfie, born in 2000.
He married Hong Kong-based journalist Wei Du in 2020.

## Publications

* Prison Law, 5th edition (OUP, 2015)
* Asset Recovery: Criminal Confiscation and Civil Recovery (OUP, 2021) co-editor
* Blackstone's Criminal Practice 2021 (Advisory editor)
* Halsbury's Laws, vol 36(2), Prisons and Prisoners (Butterworths, 1999)
* Criminal Proceedings, Police Powers and the Human Rights Act 1998 (OUP, 2000) contributing author
# Lower Grand Lagoon, Florida

Lower Grand Lagoon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bay County, Florida, United States. The population was 4,398 at the 2020 census, up from 3,881 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The area was heavily damaged by an EF3 tornado on January 9, 2024.

## Geography

Lower Grand Lagoon is located at 30°9′3″N 85°45′41″W﻿ / ﻿30.15083°N 85.76139°W﻿ / 30.15083; -85.76139 (30.150784, -85.761490).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km$^2$), of which 2.1 square miles (5.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.58 square miles (1.5 km$^2$), or 21.68%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,082 people, 2,097 households, and 1,052 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,877.7 inhabitants per square mile (725.0/km$^2$). There were 5,697 housing units at an average density of 2,620.6 per square mile (1,011.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.88% White, 1.18% African American, 0.59% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.06% of the population.
There were 2,097 households, out of which 16.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.8% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.50.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 13.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 33.6% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,599, and the median income for a family was $38,650. Males had a median income of $27,648 versus $21,905 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,433. About 13.3% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.6% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Blandville, Kentucky

Blandville is an inactive home rule-class city in Ballard County, Kentucky, in the United States. It was founded in 1842 and named for Captain Bland Ballard, a hero of the War of 1812. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1845. Blandville was the seat of Ballard County from 1842 to 1881, when the seat was moved to Wickliffe. The population was 73 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Blandville is located near the southern border of Ballard County in western Kentucky. It is 8 miles (13 km) east of Wickliffe, the county seat, and 13 miles (21 km) east of the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers at Cairo, Illinois.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.19 square miles (0.5 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 99 people, 39 households, and 26 families residing in the city. The population density was 519.2 inhabitants per square mile (200.5/km$^2$). There were 46 housing units at an average density of 241.2 per square mile (93.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 93 White, 2 African American, 1 from other races, and 4 from two or more races.
There were 39 households, out of which 14 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 20 were married couples living together, 5 had a female householder with no husband present, and 13 were non-families. 8 of all households were made up of individuals, and 3 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 29 under the age of 18, 10 from 18 to 24, 28 from 25 to 44, 23 from 45 to 64, and 9 who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $15,625, and the median income for a family was $40,750. Males had a median income of $42,083 versus $13,333 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,440. There were 18.5% of families and 23.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 36.7% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# Ribgrass mosaic virus

Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) is a species of Tobamovirus. It is an RNA-containing virus with rod-shape particles. It can be found in many wild plant species. This virus does not itself produce serious epidemic diseases, but it served as the inciting pathogen of a necrotic virus disease in burly tobacco.
# Patricia Arce

María Patricia Arce Guzmán (born 6 May 1970) is a Bolivian lawyer and politician serving as senator for Cochabamba since 2020. A member of Movimiento al Socialismo, she also served as mayor of Vinto from 2015 to 2020.

## Early life and career

Arce was born in Quillacollo on 6 May 1970, being the youngest of 10 siblings. After studying high school and automotive mechanics, she graduated as a lawyer and later became a tax assistant in Chapare and coordinator of the Rural Patrol Mobile Unit. She gave seminars and was an advisor to peasant communities and entities.

## Mayor of Vinto

Arce was invited to be a candidate for Solidarity Civic Unity, which she rejected, and in 2015, Evo Morales offered her to run for mayor of Vinto, a municipality where she had lived for two decades. She thus joined the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS-IPSP) and won the local election.
Within the framework of the 2019 Bolivian political crisis, on 6 November, Arce was lynched in public when a group of protesters entered the Vinto Municipality building to forcefully expel her under accusations of "counteracting" citizen mobilizations with miners, burning plus government facilities. She was kidnapped by a mob and dragged down the street, being forced to walk barefoot for several kilometers and suffering various physical attacks when she was beaten, shaved, and sprayed with red paint all over her body. She was rescued by police officers and treated at a hospital in Capinota. Despite the facts, she continued in the position of mayor.
At the end of December 2019, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights granted precautionary measures in favor of Arce and her children "after considering that they are in a serious and urgent situation of risk of irreparable damage to their rights", noting that Arce had not received any protection scheme from the Bolivian State.

## Chamber of Senators

In the 2020 general elections, in which the presidential binomial of the MAS (Luis Arce (no relation)-David Choquehuanca) triumphed, Arce was elected senator for the Department of Cochabamba for the 2020-2025 legislative period, occupying second place on the list of incumbent candidates for the MAS. She took office in November of the same year.

## Other work

In 2018, Arce had received the International Maya Award. She has worked as an Advisor to the Bartolina Sisa Women's Organization.
# Valeri Kikta

Valeri Grigoryevich Kikta (October 22, 1941 in Volodymyrivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian classical composer, a professor of the Moscow Conservatory.
He was educated at the Moscow Choral College, then at the Moscow Conservatoire under Semyon Bogatyrev and Tikhon Khrennikov. On the recommendation of Shostakovich he moved on to post-graduate study.
Kikta's compositions include ballets, symphonic, organ and choral works. These include Beyond the Verge of Darkness for tenor and orchestra, and Frescos of the St. Sofia Cathedral of Kyiv for harp and orchestra.
He was recorded extensively by the USSR state recording company, Melodiya in the 1970s and 1980s.
# Rezart Maho

Rezart Maho (born 8 February 1984) is an Albanian retired football player and current manager of FK Vora.

## Career
### Dinamo

Rezert started his career with Dinamo Tirana during the 2001–2002 season and, in that time, didn't receive many opportunities to play in the league.
He played in the final of the Albanian Cup in the 2002–2003 season with Dinamo Tirana against Teuta Durrës when he was substituted with January Ziambo in the last five minutes of the match. The match was played on 31 May 2003 and ended with a 1–0 win for Dinamo. Before that he had scored two goals in a 3–0 win for Dinamo against Luftëtari in the first match of the second round of the Albanian Cup.
Afterward, he played with Apolonia Fier, Pogradeci, Egnatia and Kastrioti before returning again to Dinamo Tirana at the start of 2007–2008 season.

### Kalamata FC

After he couldn't established himself as a regular starter at Dinamo Tirana Maho left the team after the first half of the season ended to join Kalamata FC of Beta Ethniki (second division) in Greece. He had some good performances with Kalamata FC playing regularly in the starting eleven (17 matches, 5 goals).
With the start of the 2008–2009 season a new coach took over at Kalamata FC and the Albanian midfielder lost his position in the squad. After playing only 3 games as a substitute he returned in Albania and joined Partizani Tiranë.

### Partizani

Maho joined Partizani Tiranë on 28 January 2009. Just four days later he played his first match with "The Red Bulls" against KS Bylis Ballsh coming on during the game as a substitute. The match ended with a 1–0 win for Partizani Tiranë
Recently he has become a first team player at Partizani Tiranë and is considered as one of the most important players of the current squad.
# Mahi R. Singh

Mahi R. Singh (b. 1949) is a professor of physics at Western University researching nanoscience. He was awarded the Fulbright US-Canada Research Chair for 2021-2022.

## Early life

Singh was born in 1949 in Hamirpur, India. He received his B.Sc. degree in T.D. College campus; and both M.Sc. (1970) and PhD (1976) degrees from Banaras Hindu University in condensed matter physics.

## Academic career

Singh was awarded Humbold Fellow in Stuttgart University from 1979 to 1981. Between 1981 and 1985 he was a Research Associate and Lecturer at McGill University. From 1982 to 1983 he worked in High Magnetic Field Lab, Université Paul Sabatier as a visiting scientist. He also worked as Research Associate at University of North Carolina.
He joined the University of Western Ontario as associate professor in 1985. Currently he is professor in this university. He was also a visiting professor at Texas Center for Superconductivity from June till November in 1992. He also worked as a chief researcher at Superconductors Division of Hitachi, Tokyo between November 1992. During May and August in 2022, he became Fulbright US-Canada Research Chair in Vanderbilt University.
His visiting positions include Texas Center for Superconductivity (1992), University of Oxford (1993-1994), and Dubna and Ioffe Institute Saint Petersburg (2019).

## Research

Research topics include:
* Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites
* Nanophotonics, Plasmonics, and Polaritonics
* Graphene and Carbon Nanostructures
* Metallic Nanostructures
* Second Harmonic Generation
* Photonic
* Metamaterials
* Biomaterials

## Selected honors and awards

* NIST Visiting Researcher, NIST USA, 2022
* Fulbright US-Canada Research Chair, 2020-2021
* External Expert for Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering, 2020-2021
* Royal Society Visiting Scientist/Professor. 1993-1994
* Chief Researcher, Hitachi, Tokyo in 1992–1993
* Alexander von Humboldt Award, 1979
# Zabeel Mile

The Zabeel Mile, is a horse race run over a distance of 1,600 metres (one mile) on turf in late February or early March at Meydan Racecourse in Dubai. The race is named after a locality in Western Dubai. Not related with New Zealand stallion Zabeel.
It was first contested in 2007 at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse before being transferred to Meydan in 2010.
The Zabeel Mile began as a Listed race. The race was elevated to Group 3 level in 2009 and became a Group 2 event in 2011.

## Records

Record time:
* 1:34.28 - Master of The Seas 2023 (New track record)
Most successful horse (2 wins):
* Safety Check – 2015, 2016
Most wins by a jockey:
* 5 - William Buick 2015, 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023
Most wins by a trainer:
* 6 - Charlie Appleby 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023
Most wins by an owner:
* 9 - Godolphin Racing 2008, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Age | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| 2007 | Kapil | 4 | Weichong Marwing | Mike de Kock | Fullard, Drew, Watson-Smith & Gabler | 1:37.70 |
| 2008 (div. 1) | Wise Dennis | 6 | Ted Durcan | Alan Jarvis | Allen B Pope, Andrew J King | 1:39:27 |
| 2008 (div. 2) | Third Set | 5 | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:39:63 |
| 2009 | Archipenko | 5 | Kevin Shea | Mike de Kock | Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Maktoum & A H Parker | 1:39.89 |
| 2010 | Imbongi | 5 | Christophe Soumillon | Mike de Kock | Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Maktoum & B Clements | 1:38.64 |
| 2011 | Rileyskeepingfaith | 5 | Ahmed Ajtebi | Mahmood Al Zarooni | Godolphin | 1:37.89 |
| 2012 | Do It All | 5 | Silvestre de Sousa | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:38.98 |
| 2013 | Trade Storm | 5 | Jamie Spencer | David Simcock | Universal Racing | 1:38.74 |
| 2014 | Mshawish | 4 | Richard Hughes | Mikel Delzangles | Al Shaqab Racing | 1:37.16 |
| 2015 | Safety Check | 4 | William Buick | Charlie Appleby | Godolphin | 1:35.53 |
| 2016 | Safety Check | 5 | William Buick | Charlie Appleby | Godolphin | 1:36.45 |
| 2017 | Championship | 6 | Colm O'Donoghue | A bin Harmash | Sheikh Mansoor bin Mohammed al Maktoum | 1:35.19 |
| 2018 | Janoobi | 4 | Jim Crowley | Mike de Kock | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 1:35.27 |
| 2019 | Mythical Magic | 4 | William Buick | Charlie Appleby | Godolphin | 1:36.39 |
| 2020 | Zakouski | 4 | James Doyle | Charlie Appleby | Godolphin | 1:35.93 |
| 2021 | D'Bai | 7 | William Buick | Charlie Appleby | Godolphin | 1:35.94 |
| 2022 | Real World | 5 | Daniel Tudhope | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1:35.36 |
| 2023 | Master of The Seas | 5 | William Buick | Charlie Appleby | Godolphin | 1:34.28 |
| 2024 | San Donato | 8 | Pat Dobbs | Doug Watson | Sheikh Mohammed Obaid Al Maktoum | 1:34.46 |
| 2025 | Poker Face | 6 | Pat Dobbs | Simon & Ed Crisford | Edward Ware | 1:36.45 |
# Jinong

Jinong (Mongolian: Жонон, Jonon) was a title of the Mongols. It was derived from Chinese Jinwang (Chinese: 晉王; pinyin: jìn wáng; lit. 'Prince of Jin', a title for crown prince, similar to Prince of Wales) although some historians have suggested it originates from Qinwang (Chinese: 親王; pinyin: qīnwáng; lit. 'prince'). Whatever its relation with the Chinese title, the Mongol title was rendered in Chinese as "jinong" (Chinese: 濟農; pinyin: jǐnóng) or "jinang" (Chinese: 吉囊; pinyin: jínáng).
The title of Jinong was first given to Kamala, a grandson of Kublai Khan in 1292. He served the mausoleum of Genghis Khan. Those who served the mausoleum were called the Ordus and Jinong came to mean the highest priest of the portable mausoleum. The Ordus lived on the Kherlen River but later moved to the area now known as Ordos. After Dayan Khan, whose father was the Jinong, unified the Mongolian Plateau, his descendants assumed the position until 1949. During the Qing dynasty the Jinong also served as the chief of the Yeke Juu League (Mongolian: Их Зуу Чуулга) or a banner in it.