# 1994 European Parliament election in Spain

The 1994 European Parliament election in Spain was held on Sunday, 12 June 1994, as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 4th European Parliament. All 64 seats allocated to Spain as per the 1993 Council Decision amending the Direct Elections Act were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in Andalusia.
The election was held against the backdrop of the early 1990s recession and a string of corruption scandals affecting the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of Prime Minister Felipe González. The most recent involved former Civil Guard director Luis Roldán, who had fled the country in early 1994 when it was discovered that he had used his office to amass a fortune through fraudulent means, resulting in the resignation of interior minister Antoni Asunción in the month leading to the election. The People's Party (PP) won in a landslide victory, the first PP win over the PSOE in a nationwide election.

## Electoral system

64 members of the European Parliament were allocated to Spain as per the 1993 Council Decision amending the Direct Elections Act. Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals and resident non-national European citizens over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.
All seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no electoral threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory. The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.

## Outgoing delegation

Outgoing delegation in May 1994 :
| Groups | Groups | Parties | Parties | MEPs | MEPs |
| Groups | Groups | Parties | Parties | Seats | Total |
| | Party of European Socialists | | PSOE | 28 | 28 |
| | European People's Party | | PP | 16 | 17 |
| | European People's Party | | UDC | 1 | 17 |
| | Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group | | CDS | 3 | 5 |
| | Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group | | CDC | 1 | 5 |
| | Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group | | Foro | 1 | 5 |
| | Rainbow Group | | ERC | 1 | 3 |
| | Rainbow Group | | PA | 1 | 3 |
| | Rainbow Group | | CG | 1 | 3 |
| | European Democratic Alliance | | ARM | 2 | 2 |
| | Non-Inscrits | | IU | 3 | 5 |
| | Non-Inscrits | | IC | 1 | 5 |
| | Non-Inscrits | | HB | 1 | 5 |

## Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates.
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
| Candidacy | Candidacy | Parties and alliances | Leading candidate | Leading candidate | Ideology | Previous result | Previous result | Ref. |
| Candidacy | Candidacy | Parties and alliances | Leading candidate | Leading candidate | Ideology | Votes (%) | Seats | Ref. |
| | PSOE | List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) | | Fernando Morán | Social democracy | 40.22% | 27 | [6] [7] |
| | PP | List People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN) | | Abel Matutes | Conservatism Christian democracy | 21.41% | 15 | |
| | Foro–CDS | List Forum (Foro) Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | | Eduard Punset | Centrism Liberalism | 7.15% | 5 | |
| | IU | List United Left (IU) – Communist Party of Spain (PCE) – Socialist Action Party (PASOC) – Republican Left (IR) – Collectives for the Unity of Workers (CUT) Initiative for Catalonia (IC) – Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) | | Alonso Puerta | Socialism Communism | 6.06% | 4 | |
| | CiU | List Convergence and Union (CiU) – Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) – Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) Valencian People's Union (UPV) Socialist Party of Majorca (PSM) | | Carles Gasòliba | Catalan nationalism Centrism | 4.54% | 2 | |
| | Ruiz-Mateos | List Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) | | José María Ruiz-Mateos | Right-wing populism | 3.84% | 2 | |
| | CN | List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Canarian Coalition (CC) Valencian Union (UV) Aragonese Party (PAR) Galician Coalition (CG) Majorcan Union (UM) | | Josu Jon Imaz | Peripheral nationalism Regionalism | 2.61% | 1 | |
| | PA–PAP | List Andalusian Party (PA) Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | | Diego de los Santos | Andalusian nationalism Social democracy | 1.86% | 1 | |
| | HB | List Popular Unity (HB) – Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) – Patriotic Socialist Committees (ASK) | | Karmelo Landa | Basque independence Abertzale left Revolutionary socialism | 1.70% | 1 | |
| | PEP | List Basque Solidarity (EA) Catalan Action (AC) Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement (ENE) Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | | Carlos Garaikoetxea | Left-wing nationalism | 1.43% | 1 | |

## Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font.

### Color key

Exit poll
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | | | | | | CN | CA | | PEP | Lead |
| 1994 EP election | 12 Jun 1994 | — | 59.1 | 30.8 22 | 40.1 28 | 1.0 0 | 13.4 9 | 4.7 3 | 2.8 2 | 0.8 0 | 1.0 0 | 1.3 0 | 9.3 |
| Demoscopia/Tele 5 | 12 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | ? 21/22 | ? 26/28 | – | ? 9/10 | ? 3 | ? 2 | – | ? 0 | ? 1 | ? |
| Vox Pública/Antena 3 | 12 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | ? 21 | ? 27 | – | ? 10 | ? 3 | ? 2 | – | ? 0 | ? 1 | ? |
| Eco Consulting/RTVE | 12 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | 30.1 21/23 | 38.1 26/28 | 0.8 0 | 14.0 9/11 | 4.9 3 | 2.8 1/2 | 0.8 0 | 1.1 0/1 | 1.5 0/1 | 8.0 |
| ICP–Research/Diario 16 | 5 Jun 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 30.3 21/24 | 32.1 22/25 | 1.3 0/1 | 15.1 10/12 | 4.7 3/4 | 3.1 1/2 | 1.0 0/1 | 1.1 0/1 | 2.0 1 | 1.8 |
| Gallup/Avui | 5 Jun 1994 | 2,001 | ? | 31.9 22/23 | 36.3 26 | 1.0 0 | 14.6 10 | 5.6 3/4 | 3.1 1/2 | 0.6 0 | 0.9 0 | 1.0 0 | 4.4 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo | 4 Jun 1994 | 3,000 | ? | 30.2 21/22 | 39.8 27/28 | 0.7 0 | 15.0 10 | 4.7 3 | ? 1 | – | – | ? 0/1 | 9.6 |
| Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/Antena 3 | 3–4 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | 30.6 | 40.2 | – | 13.7 | – | – | – | – | – | 9.6 |
| Vox Pública/El Periódico | 31 May–2 Jun 1994 | 1,303 | 61.8 | 30.5 22/23 | 40.7 29 | 1.3 0/1 | 15.2 10 | 4.1 2 | 2.5 1 | – | – | 1.1 0/1 | 10.2 |
| CIS | 27 May–2 Jun 1994 | 4,073 | 72.7 | 32.5 | 37.5 | 1.0 | 14.1 | 5.1 | 2.8 | – | 0.9 | 1.6 | 5.0 |
| Opina/La Vanguardia | 30 May–1 Jun 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 34.0 21/24 | 39.0 25/27 | 1.0 0/1 | 14.0 9/11 | 5.0 3/4 | 1.5 1 | – | 0.5 0 | 1.0 0/1 | 5.0 |
| Demoscopia/El País | 29–31 May 1994 | 2,500 | 63–68 | 31.0 21/23 | 37.3 26/28 | 1.3 0 | 13.5 9/10 | 5.0 2/3 | 2.8 1/2 | 0.9 0 | 1.0 0 | 1.9 1 | 6.3 |
| Gruppo/ABC | 28–30 May 1994 | 2,000 | 59.1 | 31.1 21/23 | 39.2 27/28 | 0.7 0 | 14.4 10 | 5.0 3 | 1.8 1 | ? 0 | – | ? 0/1 | 8.1 |
| CIS | 21–26 May 1994 | 2,501 | ? | 33.2 | 36.4 | – | 16.0 | 5.1 | 1.7 | – | – | – | 3.2 |
| CIS | 12–16 May 1994 | 2,499 | ? | 34.3 | 36.0 | – | 13.9 | 3.9 | 1.2 | – | – | – | 1.7 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo | 14 May 1994 | ? | ? | 32.8 23/24 | 37.6 27 | – | 13.5 9 | 4.9 ? | 2.3 ? | – | – | – | 4.8 |
| Gruppo/ABC | 7–10 May 1994 | 2,000 | 57.1 | 31.7 22 | 38.5 26/27 | 0.8 0 | 14.0 9/10 | 4.7 3 | 2.2 1 | ? 0/1 | – | ? 0/1 | 6.8 |
| Opina/La Vanguardia | 8–11 Apr 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 36.0 22/26 | 38.0 24/27 | 1.0 0/1 | 12.0 6/8 | 5.0 3 | 1.5 1/2 | – | 0.5 0 | 0.5 0 | 2.0 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo | 23–24 Mar 1994 | 1,000 | ? | 34.4 23/25 | 37.7 26/28 | ? 0 | 11.2 7/8 | 4.5 3 | 2.9 2 | 1.4 1 | ? 0 | – | 3.3 |
| Gallup/ABC | 10 Jan–28 Feb 1994 | 4,010 | 68.7 | 32.4 22 | 39.1 27 | – | 10.8 7 | 5.3 3 | 1.8 1 | – | – | – | 6.7 |
| Gallup/ABC | 19–29 Dec 1993 | 1,008 | 70.0 | 33.8 23 | 38.6 26 | – | 10.4 7 | 5.1 3 | 1.6 1 | – | – | – | 4.8 |
| 1989 EP election | 15 Jun 1989 | — | 54.7 | 39.6 27 | 21.4 15 | 7.1 5 | 6.1 4 | 4.2 2 | 1.9 1 | 1.9 1 | 1.7 1 | 1.5 1 | 18.2 |
| 1 2 Data for Basque Nationalist Party. ||||||||||||||

## Results
### Overall

← Summary of the 12 June 1994 European Parliament election results in Spain → :
| Parties and alliances | Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Popular vote | Popular vote | Seats | Seats |
| Parties and alliances | Parties and alliances | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
| | People's Party (PP) | 7,453,900 | 40.12 | +18.71 | 28 | +13 |
| | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)$^1$ | 5,719,707 | 30.79 | –9.43 | 22 | –5 |
| | United Left (IU) | 2,497,671 | 13.44 | +7.38 | 9 | +5 |
| | Convergence and Union (CiU)$^2$ | 865,913 | 4.66 | +0.12 | 3 | +1 |
| | Nationalist Coalition (CN)$^3$ | 518,532 | 2.79 | +0.18 | 2 | +1 |
| | For the Europe of the Peoples (PEP)$^4$ | 239,339 | 1.29 | –0.14 | 0 | –1 |
| | Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) | 183,418 | 0.99 | –6.16 | 0 | –5 |
| | Popular Unity (HB) | 180,324 | 0.97 | –0.73 | 0 | –1 |
| | Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)$^5$ | 140,445 | 0.76 | –1.10 | 0 | –1 |
| | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 139,221 | 0.75 | +0.46 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Green Group (GV) | 109,567 | 0.59 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) | 82,410 | 0.44 | –3.40 | 0 | –2 |
| | The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (EV–CEC)$^6$ | 42,237 | 0.23 | –0.07 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 29,692 | 0.16 | –0.34 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition (CPNT) | 29,025 | 0.16 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 16,144 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Asturianist Party (PAS)$^7$ | 14,846 | 0.08 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 |
| | United Extremadura (EU)$^8$ | 13,580 | 0.07 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 11,733 | 0.06 | –0.09 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 10,019 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Natural Law Party (PLN) | 7,845 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Humanist Party (PH) | 7,499 | 0.04 | –0.08 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)$^9$ | 7,349 | 0.04 | –0.07 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 6,197 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 5,602 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) | 5,226 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Justice and Welfare Party (JyB) | 4,992 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 4,836 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | National Democratic Alternative (ADN) | 4,689 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Carlist Party (PC) | 4,640 | 0.02 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Galician Alternative (AG) | 4,431 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | GPOR–PST (LVS) Coalition (GPOR–PST)$^{10}$ | 3,765 | 0.02 | –0.22 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Left of the Peoples (IP)$^{11}$ | n/a | n/a | –0.81 | 0 | –1 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 213,621 | 1.15 | –0.12 | | |
| Total | Total | 18,578,415 | | | 64 | +4 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 18,578,415 | 99.54 | +0.56 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 85,640 | 0.46 | –0.56 | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 18,664,055 | 59.14 | +4.43 | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 12,894,944 | 40.86 | –4.43 | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 31,558,999 | | | | |
| Sources |||||||
| Footnotes: $^1$ Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Left of the Peoples in the Basque Country and Navarre in the 1989 election.$^2$ Convergence and Union results are compared to the combined totals of Convergence and Union and Left of the Peoples in the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community in the 1989 election.$^3$ Nationalist Coalition (1994) results are compared to the combined totals of Nationalist Coalition (1989)—not including results in Castile and León—and Federation of Regional Parties in the Valencian Community in the 1989 election.$^4$ For the Europe of the Peoples (1994) results are compared to For the Europe of the Peoples (1989) totals in the 1989 election, not including results in Galicia.$^5$ Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power results are compared to Andalusian Party totals in the 1989 election.$^6$ The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia results are compared to Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia totals in the 1989 election.$^7$ Asturianist Party results are compared to Left of the Peoples totals in Asturias in the 1989 election.$^8$ United Extremadura results are compared to Federation of Regional Parties totals in Extremadura in the 1989 election.$^9$ Coalition for a New Socialist Party results are compared to Alliance for the Republic totals in the 1989 election.$^{10}$ GPOR–PST (LVS) Coalition results are compared to Workers' Socialist Party–Revolutionary Workers' Party totals in the 1989 election.$^{11}$ Left of the Peoples does not include results in Asturias, Basque Country, Balearic Islands, Navarre and Valencian Community. |||||||
Popular vote
PP
40.12%
PSOE
30.79%
IU
13.44%
CiU
4.66%
CN
2.79%
PEP
1.29%
Others
5.76%
Blank ballots
1.15% :
Seats
PP
43.75%
PSOE
34.38%
IU
14.06%
CiU
4.69%
CN
3.13% :

### Maps

* Vote winner strength by province.
* Vote winner strength by autonomous community.

### Distribution by European group

Summary of political group distribution in the 4th European Parliament (1994–1999) :
| Groups | Groups | Parties | Seats | Total | % |
| | European People's Party (EPP) | People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 27 1 1 1 | 30 | 46.88 |
| | Party of European Socialists (PES) | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 22 | 22 | 34.38 |
| | European United Left (EUL) | United Left (IU) | 9 | 9 | 14.06 |
| | European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) | Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) | 2 | 2 | 3.13 |
| | European Radical Alliance (ERA) | Canarian Coalition (CC) | 1 | 1 | 1.56 |
| Total | Total | Total | 64 | 64 | 100.00 |

### Elected legislators

The following table lists the elected legislators:
Elected legislators :
| # | Name | List |
| 1 | Abel Matutes Juan | PP |
| 2 | Fernando Morán López | PSOE |
| 3 | Celia Villalobos Talero | PP |
| 4 | Francisca Sauquillo Pérez del Arco | PSOE |
| 5 | Alonso José Puerta Gutiérrez | IU |
| 6 | Mercedes de la Merced Monge | PP |
| 7 | Enrique Barón Crespo | PSOE |
| 8 | José María Gil-Robles Gil-Delgado | PP |
| 9 | Miguel Arias Cañete | PP |
| 10 | Ludivina García Arias | PSOE |
| 11 | Antoni Gutiérrez Díaz | IU |
| 12 | María Teresa Estevan Bolea | PP |
| 13 | Josep Verde i Aldea | PSOE |
| 14 | José Manuel García-Margallo Marfil | PP |
| 15 | Ana Clara María Miranda de Lage | PSOE |
| 16 | María del Carmen Fraga Estévez | PP |
| 17 | Carles-Alfred Gasoliba i Bohm | CiU |
| 18 | Laura González Álvarez | IU |
| 19 | Luis Campoy Zueco | PP |
| 20 | Pedro Aparicio Sánchez | PSOE |
| 21 | Ana Isabel Palacio Vallelersundi | PP |
| 22 | José María Mendiluce Pereiro | PSOE |
| 23 | Carlos Robles Piquer | PP |
| 24 | Manuel Medina Ortega | PSOE |
| 25 | María Sornosa Martínez | IU |
| 26 | Juan Manuel Fabra Vallés | PP |
| 27 | Gerardo Fernández Albor | PP |
| 28 | María Izquierdo Rojo | PSOE |
| 29 | Fernando Fernández Martín | PP |
| 30 | Josep Enrique Pons Grau | PSOE |
| 31 | Josu Jon Imaz San Miguel | CN |
| 32 | María Jesús Aramburu del Río | IU |
| 33 | Jaime Valdivielso de Cue | PP |
| 34 | Joan Colom i Naval | PSOE |
| 35 | Encarnación Redondo Jiménez | PP |
| 36 | Juan Luis Colino Salamanca | PSOE |
| 37 | Iñigo Méndez de Vigo Montojo | PP |
| 38 | Concepcio Ferrer i Casals | CiU |
| 39 | Salvador Jove Peres | IU |
| 40 | Javier Areitio Toledo | PP |
| 41 | Carmen Díez de Rivera Icaza | PSOE |
| 42 | Joaquín Sisó Cruellas | PP |
| 43 | Juan de Dios Izquierdo Collado | PSOE |
| 44 | Laura Elena Esteban Martín | PP |
| 45 | Jesús Cabezón Alonso | PSOE |
| 46 | Carlos Carnero González | IU |
| 47 | Daniel Varela Suances-Carpegna | PP |
| 48 | José Gerardo Galeote Quecedo | PP |
| 49 | Bárbara Duhrkop Duhrkop | PSOE |
| 50 | José Ignacio Salafranca Sánchez-Neyra | PP |
| 51 | Antonio González Triviño | PSOE |
| 52 | Ángela del Carmen Sierra González | IU |
| 53 | José Antonio Escudero López | PP |
| 54 | Francisco Javier Sanz Fernández | PSOE |
| 55 | Francisca Bennasar Tous | PP |
| 56 | Joan María Vallvé i Ribera | CiU |
| 57 | José Luis Valverde López | PP |
| 58 | Manuela de Frutos Gama | PSOE |
| 59 | Pedro Marset Campos | IU |
| 60 | Salvador Garriga Polledo | PP |
| 61 | Fernando Pérez Royo | PSOE |
| 62 | Julio Añoveros Trias de Bes | PP |
| 63 | Ana Terrón i Cusi | PSOE |
| 64 | Isidoro Sánchez García | CN |