# Greenlee County, Arizona

Greenlee County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,563, making it Arizona's least populous county. The county seat is Clifton.
The economy of Greenlee County is dominated by the Morenci Mine, the largest copper mining operation in North America, and one of the largest copper mines in the world. As of 2017, the mine complex, owned by Freeport-McMoRan, had about 3,300 employees.

## History

Greenlee County was created in 1909 and named for Mason Greenlee, who was an early settler in the Clifton area. It was Arizona's 14th county and formed from part of Graham County, which opposed the formation because Graham County would lose considerable revenue. Clifton has always been the county seat.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,848 square miles (4,790 km$^2$), of which 1,843 square miles (4,770 km$^2$) is land and 5.3 square miles (14 km$^2$) (0.3%) is water. It is the second-smallest county by area in Arizona.

### Adjacent counties

* Cochise County – south
* Graham County – west
* Apache County – north
* Catron County, New Mexico – east
* Grant County, New Mexico – east
* Hidalgo County, New Mexico – southeast

### National protected areas

* Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest (part)
* Gila Box Riparian National Conservation Area (part)

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 70
* U.S. Route 191
* State Route 75
* State Route 78

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Greenlee County, Arizona – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 4,604 | 4,054 | 4,446 | 53.87% | 48.05% | 46.49% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 34 | 79 | 80 | 0.40% | 0.94% | 0.84% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 117 | 142 | 275 | 1.37% | 1.68% | 2.88% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 12 | 44 | 68 | 0.14% | 0.52% | 0.71% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0.01% | 0.06% | 0.01% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 13 | 3 | 34 | 0.15% | 0.04% | 0.36% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 85 | 70 | 283 | 0.99% | 0.83% | 2.96% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 3,681 | 4,040 | 4,376 | 43.07% | 47.88% | 45.76% |
| Total | 8,547 | 8,437 | 9,563 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 8,437 people, 3,188 households, and 2,152 families living in the county. The population density was 4.6 inhabitants per square mile (1.8 inhabitants/km$^2$). There were 4,372 housing units at an average density of 2.4 units per square mile (0.93 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 77.2% white, 2.3% American Indian, 1.1% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 15.0% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 47.9% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 12.9% were English, 12.1% were German, 10.6% were Irish, and 1.6% were American.
Of the 3,188 households, 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.5% were non-families, and 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.21. The median age was 34.8 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $48,696 and the median income for a family was $51,729. Males had a median income of $50,446 versus $34,171 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,281. About 9.4% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 8,547 people, 3,117 households, and 2,266 families living in the county. The population density was 5 people per square mile (1.9 people/km$^2$). There were 3,744 housing units at an average density of 2 units per square mile (0.77 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 74.2% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 1.7% Native American, 0.2% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 20.0% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. 43.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 25.2% reported speaking Spanish at home.
There were 3,117 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.26.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 31.7% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $39,384, and the median income for a family was $43,523. Males had a median income of $38,952 versus $23,333 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,814. About 8.0% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics

Greenlee County used to be the most reliably Democratic county in Arizona, owing to the presence of the copper mining industry. As the county was heavily unionized and the Democratic Party was generally the party of organized labor, Greenlee County voted for the Democratic nominee in every presidential election from the state's admission to the Union in 1912 to 1996, being one of only seven Mountain State counties to support George McGovern in his landslide defeat against Republican Richard Nixon in 1972. Even Ronald Reagan was unable to win it in his 49 state landslide in 1984. However, in 2000, George W. Bush became the first Republican presidential candidate to win the county, and it has voted for the Republican nominee in the five elections since, giving Donald Trump 66% of the vote in 2020. The county's turn to the GOP can likely be explained by the Democratic Party's modern platform of environmentalism that has been perceived as anti-mining (for example, Bush's 2000 opponent, Al Gore, was staunchly against coal mining). Greenlee County continued to shift right in 2024, with Kamala Harris becoming the first Democrat in history to fail to break 30%.
United States presidential election results for Greenlee County, Arizona :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 2,308 | 69.60% | 954 | 28.77% | 54 | 1.63% |
| 2020 | 2,433 | 65.83% | 1,182 | 31.98% | 81 | 2.19% |
| 2016 | 1,892 | 57.33% | 1,092 | 33.09% | 316 | 9.58% |
| 2012 | 1,592 | 53.32% | 1,310 | 43.87% | 84 | 2.81% |
| 2008 | 1,712 | 58.63% | 1,165 | 39.90% | 43 | 1.47% |
| 2004 | 1,899 | 61.92% | 1,146 | 37.37% | 22 | 0.72% |
| 2000 | 1,619 | 54.70% | 1,216 | 41.08% | 125 | 4.22% |
| 1996 | 1,159 | 34.16% | 1,755 | 51.72% | 479 | 14.12% |
| 1992 | 1,451 | 36.34% | 1,695 | 42.45% | 847 | 21.21% |
| 1988 | 1,526 | 46.21% | 1,733 | 52.48% | 43 | 1.30% |
| 1984 | 1,801 | 47.58% | 1,963 | 51.86% | 21 | 0.55% |
| 1980 | 1,537 | 40.64% | 2,043 | 54.02% | 202 | 5.34% |
| 1976 | 1,532 | 36.07% | 2,601 | 61.24% | 114 | 2.68% |
| 1972 | 1,758 | 45.57% | 2,013 | 52.18% | 87 | 2.26% |
| 1968 | 1,026 | 27.35% | 2,434 | 64.89% | 291 | 7.76% |
| 1964 | 1,132 | 26.45% | 3,147 | 73.55% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 1,313 | 29.94% | 3,069 | 69.97% | 4 | 0.09% |
| 1956 | 1,784 | 39.69% | 2,711 | 60.31% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 1,377 | 31.32% | 3,019 | 68.68% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 680 | 22.97% | 2,069 | 69.88% | 212 | 7.16% |
| 1944 | 739 | 27.33% | 1,956 | 72.34% | 9 | 0.33% |
| 1940 | 619 | 22.08% | 2,175 | 77.60% | 9 | 0.32% |
| 1936 | 218 | 12.31% | 1,526 | 86.17% | 27 | 1.52% |
| 1932 | 377 | 19.29% | 1,558 | 79.73% | 19 | 0.97% |
| 1928 | 685 | 42.08% | 935 | 57.43% | 8 | 0.49% |
| 1924 | 404 | 29.97% | 768 | 56.97% | 176 | 13.06% |
| 1920 | 905 | 44.45% | 1,131 | 55.55% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 672 | 28.79% | 1,492 | 63.92% | 170 | 7.28% |
| 1912 | 109 | 9.28% | 652 | 55.54% | 413 | 35.18% |
The county is located in Arizona's 6th congressional district, which has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+3 and is represented by Republican Congressman Juan Ciscomani. In the Arizona House of Representatives it is represented by Republican Becky Nutt and Republican Drew John. In the Arizona Senate it is represented by Republican Gail Griffin.

## Communities
### Towns

* Clifton (county seat)
* Duncan

### Census-designated places

* Franklin
* Morenci
* York

### Unincorporated communities

* Blue
* Apache Grove
* Hannagan Meadows
* Three Way
* Sheldon
* Verde Lee-Loma Linda

### Other locations

* Strayhorse, a location along Route 191 in the vicinity of Strayhorse creek/canyon/campground

### Ghost towns

* Boyles
* Guthrie
* Metcalf
* Oroville

## County population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Greenlee County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Population (2010 Census) | Municipal type | Incorporated |
| 1 | † Clifton | 3,311 | Town | |
| 2 | Morenci | 1,489 | CDP | |
| 3 | Duncan | 696 | Town | 1938 |
| 4 | York | 557 | CDP | |
| 5 | Franklin | 92 | CDP | |

## Education

School districts include:
* Blue Elementary School District
* Duncan Unified School District
* Eagle Elementary District
* Morenci Unified School District