# 2000 United States presidential election in Florida

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Florida, a swing state, had a major recount dispute that took center stage in the election. The outcome of the 2000 United States presidential election was not known for more than a month after balloting because of the extended process of counting and recounting Florida's presidential ballots. State results tallied on election night gave 246 electoral votes to Republican nominee Texas Governor George W. Bush and 255 to Democratic nominee Vice President Al Gore, with New Mexico (5), Oregon (7), and Florida (25) too close to call that evening. Gore won New Mexico and Oregon over the following few days, but the result in Florida was decisive, regardless of how those two states had voted.
After an intense recount process and the United States Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore, Bush won Florida's electoral votes by a margin of only 537 votes out of almost six million cast (0.009%) and, as a result, became the president-elect. The process was extremely divisive and led to calls for electoral reform in Florida. Bush became the first Republican to win the White House without carrying Palm Beach County since the county's founding in 1909. If Gore had won the recount, then he would have won the election with a total of 292 electoral votes, and Bush would have lost with 246 electoral votes. Post-election analysis has found that Palm Beach County's butterfly ballot misdirected over 2,000 votes from Gore to third-party candidate Pat Buchanan, tipping Florida—and the election—to Bush.
The final official Florida count gave the victory to Bush by 537 votes, making it by percentage not only the closest state of the election (New Mexico was decided by 366 votes but has a much smaller population, representing a 0.061% margin), but also the closest of any state in any United States presidential election ever. This was the closest margin in any tipping point state in history, surpassing the record of the 1876 United States presidential election in South Carolina.
As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which the Democratic candidate won Pasco County and Hernando County. It was also the first time the Democratic candidate won Orange County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. This county, along with Charles County, Maryland, were the only two Gore flipped from the previous election.

## Campaign

Elections in Florida :
Federal government
Presidential elections
1848
1852
1856
1860
1868
1872
1876
1880
1884
1888
1892
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Presidential primaries
Democratic
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Republican
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
U.S. Senate elections
1845
1848
1851
1855
1857
1868
1875
1879
1881
1885
1887
1890
1891
1893 sp
1897
1899
1899 sp
1903
1905 sp
1908
1909 sp
1911
1914
1916
1920
1922
1926
1928
1932
1934
1936 sp
1938
1940
1944
1946
1950
1952
1956
1958
1962
1964
1968
1970
1974
1976
1980
1982
1986
1988
1992
1994
1998
2000
2004
2006
2010
2012
2016
2018
2022
2024
2026 sp
2028
U.S. House of Representatives elections
1845
AL sp
1846
1848
1850
1852
1854
1856
1858
1860
1865
1868
1870
1872
1874
1876
1878
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1955
6th sp
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1989
18th sp
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2001
1st sp
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
19th sp
2012
2014
13th sp
19th sp
2016
2018
2020
2022
20th sp
2024
2025
1st sp
6th sp
2026
C.S. House of Representatives elections
1861
1863
1st sp :
State government
General elections
2006
2010
2014
2018
2020
2022
2026
Gubernatorial elections
1845
1848
1852
1856
1860
1865
1868
1872
1876
1880
1884
1888
1892
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1954 sp
1956
1960
1964
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
Attorney General elections
1966
1970
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
Chief Financial Officer elections
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
Agriculture Commissioner elections
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
Senate elections
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
House of Representatives elections
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
Ballot measures
1998 Florida Amendment 8
2008 Florida Amendment 2
2014 Florida Amendment 2
2016 Florida Amendment 1
2016 Florida Amendment 2
2018 Florida Amendment 4
2020 Florida Amendment 1
2020 Florida Amendment 2
2020 Florida Amendment 3
2020 Florida Amendment 4
2020 Florida Amendment 5
2022 Florida Amendment 1
2022 Florida Amendment 2
2022 Florida Amendment 3
2024 Florida Amendment 3
2024 Florida Amendment 4 :
Jacksonville
Mayoral elections
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
Sheriff elections
2022 sp :
Miami
Mayoral elections
1997
2001
2005
2009
2013
2017
2021
2025 :
Miami-Dade County
Mayoral elections
1996
2008
2011 (recall)
2011 sp
2012
2016
2020
2024 :
Orlando
Mayoral elections
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2003 sp
2004
2008
2012
2015
2019
2023 :
St. Petersburg
Mayoral elections
2001
2005
2009
2013
2017
2021 :
Tallahassee
Mayoral elections
1997
2003 sp
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022 :
Tampa
Mayoral elections
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023 :
Other localities
Fort Lauderdale
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
2018
2020
Gainesville
2016
2019
2022
Hialeah
2011
Miami Beach
2011
2013
2015
North Miami
2013
2014 sp
2017
2021
Orange County
2010
2022
Pensacola
2022 :
Government :
vte :
Initially, Florida had been considered fertile territory for Republicans. It was governed by Jeb Bush, a staunch conservative and George W. Bush's brother. Nonetheless, Republicans put significant advertising resources into the state, and later polls indicated that the state was very much in play as late as September 2000. Some late momentum for Gore and his Jewish running mate Joe Lieberman may have come from southern Florida's significant Jewish population. Voters from reliably Democratic states in the Northeast had also been migrating to Florida since the 1950s. The state's electorate was becoming more diverse in general, with growing Asian and Hispanic immigrant populations.
Meanwhile, there was a heavy backlash in the Cuban-American population against Democrats during the Elian Gonzalez dispute, during which Janet Reno, President Bill Clinton's Attorney General, ordered the six-year-old Cuban refugee to be returned to Cuba. The Democrats' share of the Cuban-American vote dropped dramatically after 1996.
In late October, one poll found that Gore was leading Bush and third parties by 44–42–4 among registered voters and 46–42–4 among likely voters, but that poll had a margin of error of four percentage points, making the race too close to call.
On election day itself, the extent of the mix-ups in the electoral rolls was such that "in a number of precincts in Florida's inner cities, the polling locations were heavily fortified with police."

## Results

2000 United States presidential election in Florida :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Running mate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
| | Republican | George W. Bush | Dick Cheney | 2,912,790 | 48.847% | 25 |
| | Democratic | Al Gore | Joe Lieberman | 2,912,253 | 48.838% | 0 |
| | Green | Ralph Nader | Winona LaDuke | 97,488 | 1.64% | 0 |
| | Reform | Patrick Buchanan | Ezola Foster | 17,484 | 0.29% | 0 |
| | Libertarian | Harry Browne | Art Olivier | 16,415 | 0.28% | 0 |
| | Natural Law | John Hagelin | Nat Goldhaber | 2,281 | 0.04% | 0 |
| | Workers World | Monica Moorehead | Gloria La Riva | 1,804 | 0.03% | 0 |
| | Constitution | Howard Phillips | Curtis Frazier | 1,371 | 0.02% | 0 |
| | Socialist | David McReynolds | Mary Cal Hollis | 622 | 0.01% | 0 |
| | Socialist Workers | James Harris | Margaret Trowe | 562 | 0.01% | 0 |
| Write-in | Write-in | Write-in | Write-in | 36 | <0.01% | — |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 5,963,110 | 100.00% | 25 |
Florida was the second of the 50 states (after Louisiana) to report its official results to the federal government (in a Certificate of Ascertainment submitted to the National Archivist, the manner prescribed for presidential elections).

### Results by county

| County | George W. Bush Republican | George W. Bush Republican | Al Gore Democratic | Al Gore Democratic | Ralph Nader Green | Ralph Nader Green | Pat Buchanan Reform | Pat Buchanan Reform | Various candidates Other parties | Various candidates Other parties | Margin | Margin | Total |
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | Total |
| Alachua | 34,135 | 39.80% | 47,380 | 55.25% | 3,228 | 3.76% | 263 | 0.31% | 751 | 0.88% | -13,245 | -15.45% | 85,757 |
| Baker | 5,611 | 68.80% | 2,392 | 29.33% | 53 | 0.65% | 73 | 0.90% | 26 | 0.32% | 3,219 | 39.47% | 8,155 |
| Bay | 38,682 | 65.70% | 18,873 | 32.06% | 830 | 1.41% | 248 | 0.42% | 243 | 0.41% | 19,809 | 33.64% | 58,876 |
| Bradford | 5,416 | 62.43% | 3,075 | 35.45% | 84 | 0.97% | 65 | 0.75% | 35 | 0.40% | 2,341 | 26.98% | 8,675 |
| Brevard | 115,253 | 52.75% | 97,341 | 44.55% | 4,471 | 2.05% | 571 | 0.26% | 852 | 0.39% | 17,912 | 8.20% | 218,488 |
| Broward | 177,939 | 30.93% | 387,760 | 67.41% | 7,105 | 1.24% | 795 | 0.14% | 1,640 | 0.29% | -209,821 | -36.48% | 575,239 |
| Calhoun | 2,873 | 55.52% | 2,156 | 41.66% | 39 | 0.75% | 90 | 1.74% | 17 | 0.33% | 717 | 13.86% | 5,175 |
| Charlotte | 35,428 | 52.96% | 29,646 | 44.31% | 1,462 | 2.19% | 182 | 0.27% | 182 | 0.27% | 5,782 | 8.65% | 66,900 |
| Citrus | 29,801 | 52.06% | 25,531 | 44.60% | 1,383 | 2.42% | 270 | 0.47% | 263 | 0.46% | 4,270 | 7.46% | 57,248 |
| Clay | 41,903 | 72.80% | 14,668 | 25.48% | 565 | 0.98% | 186 | 0.32% | 237 | 0.41% | 27,235 | 47.32% | 57,559 |
| Collier | 60,467 | 65.58% | 29,939 | 32.47% | 1,405 | 1.52% | 122 | 0.13% | 269 | 0.29% | 30,528 | 33.11% | 92,202 |
| Columbia | 10,968 | 59.24% | 7,049 | 38.07% | 258 | 1.39% | 89 | 0.48% | 150 | 0.81% | 3,919 | 21.17% | 18,514 |
| DeSoto | 4,256 | 54.48% | 3,321 | 42.51% | 157 | 2.01% | 36 | 0.46% | 42 | 0.54% | 935 | 11.97% | 7,812 |
| Dixie | 2,697 | 57.79% | 1,827 | 39.15% | 75 | 1.61% | 29 | 0.62% | 39 | 0.84% | 870 | 18.64% | 4,667 |
| Duval | 152,460 | 57.49% | 108,039 | 40.74% | 2,762 | 1.04% | 653 | 0.25% | 1,267 | 0.48% | 44,421 | 16.75% | 265,181 |
| Escambia | 73,171 | 62.62% | 40,990 | 35.08% | 1,733 | 1.48% | 502 | 0.43% | 460 | 0.39% | 32,181 | 27.54% | 116,856 |
| Flagler | 12,618 | 46.53% | 13,897 | 51.25% | 435 | 1.60% | 83 | 0.31% | 83 | 0.31% | -1,279 | -4.72% | 27,116 |
| Franklin | 2,454 | 52.83% | 2,047 | 44.07% | 85 | 1.83% | 33 | 0.71% | 26 | 0.56% | 407 | 8.76% | 4,645 |
| Gadsden | 4,770 | 32.38% | 9,736 | 66.09% | 139 | 0.94% | 38 | 0.26% | 48 | 0.33% | -4,966 | -33.71% | 14,731 |
| Gilchrist | 3,300 | 61.17% | 1,910 | 35.40% | 97 | 1.80% | 29 | 0.54% | 59 | 1.09% | 1,390 | 25.77% | 5,395 |
| Glades | 1,841 | 54.71% | 1,442 | 42.85% | 56 | 1.66% | 9 | 0.27% | 17 | 0.51% | 399 | 11.86% | 3,365 |
| Gulf | 3,553 | 57.79% | 2,398 | 39.00% | 86 | 1.40% | 71 | 1.15% | 40 | 0.65% | 1,155 | 18.79% | 6,148 |
| Hamilton | 2,147 | 54.14% | 1,723 | 43.44% | 37 | 0.93% | 23 | 0.58% | 36 | 0.91% | 424 | 10.70% | 3,966 |
| Hardee | 3,765 | 60.38% | 2,342 | 37.56% | 75 | 1.20% | 30 | 0.48% | 24 | 0.38% | 1,423 | 22.82% | 6,236 |
| Hendry | 4,747 | 58.32% | 3,240 | 39.81% | 104 | 1.28% | 22 | 0.27% | 26 | 0.32% | 1,507 | 18.51% | 8,139 |
| Hernando | 30,658 | 47.00% | 32,648 | 50.05% | 1,501 | 2.30% | 243 | 0.37% | 186 | 0.29% | -1,990 | -3.05% | 65,236 |
| Highlands | 20,207 | 57.48% | 14,169 | 40.31% | 545 | 1.55% | 127 | 0.36% | 104 | 0.30% | 6,038 | 17.17% | 35,152 |
| Hillsborough | 180,794 | 50.17% | 169,576 | 47.06% | 7,496 | 2.08% | 847 | 0.24% | 1,641 | 0.46% | 11,218 | 3.11% | 360,354 |
| Holmes | 5,012 | 67.77% | 2,177 | 29.43% | 94 | 1.27% | 76 | 1.03% | 37 | 0.50% | 2,835 | 38.34% | 7,396 |
| Indian River | 28,639 | 57.71% | 19,769 | 39.84% | 950 | 1.91% | 105 | 0.21% | 164 | 0.33% | 8,870 | 17.87% | 49,627 |
| Jackson | 9,139 | 56.06% | 6,870 | 42.14% | 138 | 0.85% | 102 | 0.63% | 54 | 0.33% | 2,269 | 13.92% | 16,303 |
| Jefferson | 2,478 | 43.91% | 3,041 | 53.89% | 76 | 1.35% | 29 | 0.51% | 19 | 0.34% | -563 | -9.98% | 5,643 |
| Lafayette | 1,670 | 66.67% | 789 | 31.50% | 26 | 1.04% | 10 | 0.40% | 10 | 0.40% | 881 | 35.17% | 2,505 |
| Lake | 50,010 | 56.44% | 36,571 | 41.27% | 1,460 | 1.65% | 289 | 0.33% | 281 | 0.32% | 13,439 | 15.17% | 88,611 |
| Lee | 106,151 | 57.57% | 73,571 | 39.90% | 3,588 | 1.95% | 305 | 0.17% | 785 | 0.43% | 32,580 | 17.67% | 184,400 |
| Leon | 39,073 | 37.88% | 61,444 | 59.57% | 1,934 | 1.87% | 282 | 0.27% | 421 | 0.41% | -22,371 | -21.69% | 103,154 |
| Levy | 6,863 | 53.91% | 5,398 | 42.40% | 285 | 2.24% | 67 | 0.53% | 117 | 0.92% | 1,465 | 11.51% | 12,730 |
| Liberty | 1,317 | 54.65% | 1,017 | 42.20% | 19 | 0.79% | 39 | 1.62% | 18 | 0.75% | 300 | 12.45% | 2,410 |
| Madison | 3,038 | 49.29% | 3,015 | 48.92% | 54 | 0.88% | 29 | 0.47% | 27 | 0.44% | 23 | 0.37% | 6,163 |
| Manatee | 58,023 | 52.58% | 49,226 | 44.61% | 2,494 | 2.26% | 271 | 0.25% | 330 | 0.30% | 8,797 | 7.97% | 110,344 |
| Marion | 55,146 | 53.55% | 44,674 | 43.39% | 1,810 | 1.76% | 563 | 0.55% | 778 | 0.76% | 10,472 | 10.16% | 102,971 |
| Martin | 33,972 | 54.78% | 26,621 | 42.93% | 1,118 | 1.80% | 112 | 0.18% | 193 | 0.31% | 7,351 | 11.85% | 62,016 |
| Miami-Dade | 289,574 | 46.29% | 328,867 | 52.57% | 5,355 | 0.86% | 560 | 0.09% | 1,196 | 0.19% | -39,293 | -6.28% | 625,552 |
| Monroe | 16,063 | 47.39% | 16,487 | 48.64% | 1,090 | 3.22% | 47 | 0.14% | 208 | 0.61% | -424 | -1.25% | 33,895 |
| Nassau | 16,408 | 68.98% | 6,955 | 29.24% | 253 | 1.06% | 90 | 0.38% | 81 | 0.34% | 9,453 | 39.74% | 23,787 |
| Okaloosa | 52,186 | 73.69% | 16,989 | 23.99% | 988 | 1.40% | 268 | 0.38% | 388 | 0.55% | 35,197 | 49.70% | 70,819 |
| Okeechobee | 5,057 | 51.32% | 4,589 | 46.57% | 131 | 1.33% | 43 | 0.44% | 34 | 0.35% | 468 | 4.75% | 9,854 |
| Orange | 134,531 | 48.02% | 140,236 | 50.06% | 3,879 | 1.38% | 446 | 0.16% | 1,063 | 0.38% | -5,705 | -2.04% | 280,155 |
| Osceola | 26,237 | 47.11% | 28,187 | 50.61% | 733 | 1.32% | 145 | 0.26% | 388 | 0.70% | -1,950 | -3.50% | 55,690 |
| Palm Beach | 152,964 | 35.31% | 269,754 | 62.27% | 5,566 | 1.28% | 3,411 | 0.79% | 1,527 | 0.35% | -116,790 | -26.96% | 433,222 |
| Pasco | 68,607 | 48.05% | 69,576 | 48.73% | 3,394 | 2.38% | 570 | 0.40% | 622 | 0.44% | -969 | -0.68% | 142,769 |
| Pinellas | 184,849 | 46.38% | 200,657 | 50.35% | 10,023 | 2.52% | 1,013 | 0.25% | 1,984 | 0.50% | -15,808 | -3.97% | 398,526 |
| Polk | 90,310 | 53.56% | 75,207 | 44.60% | 2,059 | 1.22% | 533 | 0.32% | 520 | 0.31% | 15,103 | 8.96% | 168,629 |
| Putnam | 13,457 | 51.29% | 12,107 | 46.14% | 379 | 1.44% | 148 | 0.56% | 148 | 0.56% | 1,350 | 5.15% | 26,239 |
| Santa Rosa | 36,339 | 72.10% | 12,818 | 25.43% | 726 | 1.44% | 311 | 0.62% | 208 | 0.41% | 23,521 | 46.67% | 50,402 |
| Sarasota | 83,117 | 51.63% | 72,869 | 45.27% | 4,071 | 2.53% | 305 | 0.19% | 615 | 0.38% | 10,248 | 6.36% | 160,977 |
| Seminole | 75,790 | 55.00% | 59,227 | 42.98% | 1,949 | 1.41% | 195 | 0.14% | 644 | 0.47% | 16,563 | 12.02% | 137,805 |
| St. Johns | 39,564 | 65.10% | 19,509 | 32.10% | 1,217 | 2.00% | 229 | 0.38% | 252 | 0.41% | 20,055 | 33.00% | 60,771 |
| St. Lucie | 34,705 | 44.50% | 41,560 | 53.29% | 1,368 | 1.75% | 124 | 0.16% | 233 | 0.30% | -6,855 | -8.79% | 77,990 |
| Sumter | 12,127 | 54.48% | 9,637 | 43.29% | 306 | 1.37% | 114 | 0.51% | 77 | 0.35% | 2,490 | 11.19% | 22,261 |
| Suwannee | 8,009 | 64.27% | 4,076 | 32.71% | 180 | 1.44% | 108 | 0.87% | 88 | 0.71% | 3,933 | 31.56% | 12,461 |
| Taylor | 4,058 | 59.59% | 2,649 | 38.90% | 59 | 0.87% | 27 | 0.40% | 17 | 0.25% | 1,409 | 20.69% | 6,810 |
| Union | 2,332 | 60.95% | 1,407 | 36.77% | 33 | 0.86% | 37 | 0.97% | 17 | 0.44% | 925 | 24.18% | 3,826 |
| Volusia | 82,368 | 44.84% | 97,313 | 52.98% | 2,910 | 1.58% | 498 | 0.27% | 585 | 0.32% | -14,945 | -8.14% | 183,674 |
| Wakulla | 4,512 | 52.54% | 3,838 | 44.70% | 149 | 1.74% | 46 | 0.54% | 42 | 0.49% | 674 | 7.84% | 8,587 |
| Walton | 12,186 | 66.51% | 5,643 | 30.80% | 265 | 1.45% | 120 | 0.65% | 109 | 0.59% | 6,543 | 35.71% | 18,323 |
| Washington | 4,995 | 62.24% | 2,798 | 34.86% | 93 | 1.16% | 88 | 1.10% | 52 | 0.65% | 2,197 | 27.38% | 8,026 |
| Totals | 2,912,790 | 48.85% | 2,912,253 | 48.84% | 97,488 | 1.63% | 17,484 | 0.29% | 23,095 | 0.39% | 537 | 0.01% | 5,963,110 |

#### Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

* Calhoun (Largest city: Blountstown)
* Citrus (Largest city: Homosassa Springs)
* Dixie (Largest city: Cross City)
* Franklin (Largest city: Eastpoint)
* Gilchrist (Largest city: Trenton)
* Glades (Largest city: Moore Haven)
* Gulf (Largest city: Port St. Joe)
* Hamilton (Largest city: Jasper)
* Hendry (Largest city: Clewiston)
* Hillsborough (Largest city: Tampa)
* Levy (Largest city: Williston)
* Madison (Largest city: Madison)
* Okeechobee (Largest city: Okeechobee)
* Putnam (Largest city: Palatka)
* Sumter (Largest city: The Villages)
* Taylor (Largest city: Perry)
* Wakulla (Largest city: Sopchoppy)

#### Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

* Orange (Largest city: Orlando)

### By congressional district

Bush won 13 of 23 congressional districts, including one that elected a Democrat. Gore won 10, including three that elected Republicans.
| District | Bush | Gore | Representative |
| 1st | 68% | 30% | Joe Scarborough |
| 2nd | 49% | 48% | Allen Boyd |
| 3rd | 37% | 62% | Corrine Brown |
| 4th | 63% | 35% | Tillie K. Fowler |
| 4th | 63% | 35% | Ander Crenshaw |
| 5th | 46% | 50% | Karen Thurman |
| 6th | 58% | 39% | Cliff Stearns |
| 7th | 50% | 48% | John Mica |
| 8th | 53% | 45% | Bill McCollum |
| 8th | 53% | 45% | Ric Keller |
| 9th | 52% | 45% | Michael Bilirakis |
| 10th | 44% | 53% | Bill Young |
| 11th | 44% | 53% | Jim Davis |
| 12th | 55% | 43% | Charles Canady |
| 12th | 55% | 43% | Adam Putnam |
| 13th | 52% | 45% | Dan Miller |
| 14th | 59% | 38% | Porter Goss |
| 15th | 53% | 44% | Dave Weldon |
| 16th | 46% | 52% | Mark Foley |
| 17th | 15% | 84% | Carrie Meek |
| 18th | 61% | 38% | Ileana Ros-Lehtinen |
| 19th | 30% | 69% | Robert Wexler |
| 20th | 36% | 63% | Peter Deutsch |
| 21st | 62% | 37% | Lincoln Diaz-Balart |
| 22nd | 39% | 58% | E. Clay Shaw Jr. |
| 23rd | 19% | 79% | Alcee Hastings |

## Electors

Technically, the voters of Florida cast their ballots for electors, representatives to the Electoral College. In 2000, Florida was allocated 25 electors because it had 23 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 25 electors who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the most votes in the state is awarded all 25 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.
The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 18, 2000, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead, the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.
The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All were pledged to and voted for George W. Bush and Dick Cheney:
* Alred S. Austin
* Deborah L. Brooks
* Armando Codina
* Maria De La Milera
* Sandra M. Faulkner
* Thomas C. Feeney III
* Feliciano M. Foyo
* Jeanne Barber Godwin
* Dawn Guzzetta
* Cynthia M. Handley
* Adam W. Herbert
* Al Hoffman
* Glenda E. Hood
* Carole Jean Jordan
* Charles W. Kane
* Mel Martinez
* John M. McKay
* Dorsey C. Miller
* Berta J. Moralejo
* H. Gary Morse
* Marsha Nippert
* Darryl K. Sharpton
* Tom Slade
* John Thrasher
* Robert L. Woody

## Analysis
### Background

Election fairness was a major problem that had gained much attention in the 1990s; for example, the 1997 Miami mayoral election was tainted by scandal. According to The Palm Beach Post, "State lawmakers decided to weed out felons and other ineligible voters in 1998 after a Miami mayoral election was overturned because votes had been cast by the convicted and the dead."
This initiative occurred without sufficient protection of voting rights. In particular, from summer 1999 to spring 2000, Florida's voter list was subject to an unusually high number of problems. "The state's highest officials responsible for ensuring efficiency, uniformity, and fairness in the election failed to fulfill their responsibilities." The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights found that an "overall lack of leadership in protecting voting rights was largely responsible for the broad array of problems in Florida during the 2000 election."
Michael Moore in his 2001 book Stupid White Men described allegations of efforts to deny black citizens in Florida the right to vote. As a result of the state's contract with Database Technologies, "173,000 registered voters in Florida were permanently wiped off the voter rolls" and after an elections supervisor in Madison County was barred from voting; she and others "tried to get the state to rectify the problem, but their pleas fell on deaf ears."

### Recount

The presidential election in Florida was closely scrutinized after Election Day. Due to the narrow margin of the original vote count, Florida Election Code 102.141 mandated a statewide machine recount, which began the day after the election. It was ostensibly completed on November 10 in the 66 Florida counties that used vote-counting machines and reduced Bush's lead to 327 votes. According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 counties—accounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Florida—did not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed. Once the closeness of the election in Florida was clear, both the Bush and Gore campaigns organized themselves for the ensuing legal process. On November 9, the Bush campaign announced they had hired George H. W. Bush's former Secretary of State James Baker and Republican political consultant Roger Stone to oversee their legal team, and the Gore campaign hired Bill Clinton's former Secretary of State Warren Christopher.

### Film

* Fahrenheit 9/11
* Recount is a made-for-TV political drama about the 2000 US presidential election. The show was written by Danny Strong, directed by Jay Roach, and produced by Kevin Spacey (who also stars in the film). It premiered on HBO on May 25, 2008, and the DVD was released on August 19, 2008.
* Orwell Rolls in His Grave