# Neuro-sama

Neuro-sama is an artificial intelligence VTuber and chatbot that livestreams on her creator's Twitch channel "vedal987". Her speech and personality are powered by an artificial intelligence (AI) system which utilizes a large language model, allowing her to communicate with viewers in the stream's chat. She was created by a computer programmer and AI developer named Vedal, who had the idea of an AI VTuber by combining a large language model with a computer-animated avatar. Her avatars; or models, are designed by the VTuber “annytf”. She debuted on Twitch on 19 December 2022. As of January 2025, Neuro-sama is the 7th most-subscribed channel on Twitch of all time.

## Development

Neuro-sama was created by a developer named Vedal, with the username "vedal987". Her responses are generated by a large language model, which are converted into a high-pitched, childlike voice using a text-to-speech application. According to Vedal, a separate AI model controls her in-game actions when she plays video games. In a 2023 interview with Bloomberg News, he said that Neuro-sama was his full-time job.
The first iteration of Neuro-sama was created in May 2019 as a neural network trained to play the rhythm game osu!. Three years later, Neuro-sama would re-debut on Twitch, after a long hiatus, on 19 December 2022, now a chatbot with a Live2D model. She received a new model on 27 May 2023.

## History
### 2022

Neuro streamed every day after her debut. She grew rapidly in popularity, from a maximum concurrent viewership of 516 on 19 December to 3,393 on 31 December, and going from a Twitch follower count of 2,825 to around 40,000 in the same time period. Nearly all of her streaming content in 2022 was of the rhythm game osu!, with one Minecraft stream. On 28 December, she defeated osu! champion mrekk 10–5 in a 1v1 contest.

### 2023

On 3 January, Neuro-sama reached 50,000 Twitch followers. The next day, on 4 January, Neuro-sama sang for the first time on stream, performing "Blinding Lights" by The Weeknd.
On 11 January, the Twitch channel received a temporary ban for unspecified "hateful conduct", likely stemming from controversial statements made by the AI, including skepticism surrounding the validity of the Holocaust during a stream. Vedal added more words to her chat filter to prevent Neuro-sama from making offensive statements after this occurred. The channel was unbanned on 25 January 2023 and surpassed 100,000 followers the same day. On 25 January, Neuro-sama returned to Twitch with a stream in which she played Pokémon Showdown! Gen 4 random battles against viewers.
On 20 February, Neuro-sama reached 200,000 Twitch followers. It was announced during a stream with VTuber Onigiri. Neuro-sama responded: "Yeah. That's amazing. I'm happy I have that many people following me. I hope I keep them entertained with my streams and content for as long as possible, and I hope I get to meet more of you in the future, so thank you for following me everybody, and please add more of my followers, because I love all of you so much. Thank you so much. Heart heart."
On 25 March, a new character acting as an Evil Neuro-sama to Neuro-sama was introduced on vedal987's channel due to popular request for Neuro-sama to collaboration with a copy of herself. She was later named Evil Neuro and became a recurring character.
On 15 April, Neuro-sama held a stream with Hololive member Takanashi Kiara, during which they rated the contents of viewers' refrigerators. The stream reached a peak of over 19,000 viewers on Kiara's channel and over 10,000 on Neuro-sama's. It was the first collaboration between Neuro-sama and a member of a major agency. She also reached 300,000 Twitch followers.
On 27 May, Neuro-sama held an official debut stream to reveal her first original Live2D model. She had previously used a sample model provided for free by Live2D. According to TwitchTracker, the stream reached a peak of 25,687 concurrent viewers, beating the channel's previous record by more than double. On 30 May, Neuro-sama was announced to be participating in OffKai Expo 2023, held from 16–18 June, marking her first fan convention appearance. On 14 June, Neuro-sama held her first sponsored stream in the form of a watchalong commentating on the debut stream of a talent from VTuber group idolEN.
On 1 September, Neuro-sama reached 400,000 Twitch followers. On 16 December, vedal987 received an award for Best Tech VTuber at the 2023 VTuber Awards. On 19 December, Neuro-sama held her first subathon alongside her first anniversary of streaming on Twitch. During the subathon, Neuro-sama achieved the status of most watched VTuber across all major livestreaming platforms, and most watched female streamer on Twitch for the fourth week of December according to Streams Charts.

### 2024

On 4 January, Neuro-sama ended her subathon after 17 days of continuous livestreaming, garnering a total of 41,767 Twitch subscriptions, and 2.43 million collective watch hours. Later that month on 28 January, Neuro-sama reached 500,000 Twitch followers.
On 18 March, following a two-and-a-half-month break after Neuro-sama's subathon that ended in early January, she returned to streaming to a peak audience of 15,000 viewers with a Shrek watchalong. On 31 March, Neuro-sama made a physical appearance at WeebCon 2024. During the event, her avatar was displayed on a tablet, and she was carried around the venue by fellow VTubers Camila and Rainhoe to interact live with fans.
On 19 May, Neuro-sama's sister Evil Neuro completed her first full run of Slay the Spire using her adaptive gameplay AI. On 25 May, Neuro-sama participated in independent VTuber Dokibird's 2024 Wrestletuber event, combining indie VTubers and corporate VTubers across several VTuber agencies, including Hololive, VShojo, and idol Corp. The event was hosted on WWE 2K24 in which the VTuber's custom player models compete in a zero-player game style tournament. In this event, Neuro-sama's model fought and won in a show-match against VShojo's Zentreya. Altogether, a total of 35 individual VTubers participating in some fashion either as contestants or commentators. On 31 May, Neuro-sama debuted a new model of herself depicted as a loaf of bread. She would then appear in this model at OffKai Expo 2024 on a livestream with Filian and her creator Vedal. This model was then killed off in a later Subnautica stream due to her model being kayfabed by Vedal when he "exposed" her to water and "disintegrated" the bread model.
On 17 June, Neuro-sama's YouTube channel reached 300,000 subscribers. On 20 July, Neuro-sama began streaming with Japanese subtitles on a separate Twitch channel in response to an influx of Japanese interest after a tweet of Neuro-sama singing Dubidubidu by X (formerly Twitter) Japanese user 蒼(sora) gained virality, garnering 7.6 million views.
On 15 September, Neuro-sama's reached 600,000 Twitch followers. Additionally, both Neuro-sama and Evil Neuro participated in the Bilibili Ice & Fire Music Festival 2024 that featured 42 of the most popular Bilibili VTubers, the duo sang "Ordinary DISCO" by Vocaloid producer ilemonyk. This comes after Neuro-sama's success in branching out to the Chinese market with her debut on the Bilibili platform back in August 2024; this is in part due to her pre-existing Chinese fans from extensive fansubbing of her Twitch livestreams and due to her unique nature as an AI VTuber; her Bilibili channel grew explosively, even surpassing her Twitch follower count with 700,000+ followers as of January 2025.
On 11 November, Neuro-sama and Evil Neuro played against Twitch Streamer DougDoug; and his twitch chat, in a Geoguessr tournament, which she won.
On 19 December, Neuro-sama held her second annual subathon, complete with a debut of a new Live2D model, a new original music video named LIFE, her own dedicated merch store page, with an internet-connected lava lamp being a key highlight.

### 2025

On 1 January, Neuro-sama broke the world record for the highest level of a Twitch hype train during her subathon, reaching level 111 and surpassing the former record holder, Pirate Software, who reached level 106. Over the course of three hours, she amassed nearly 85,000 subscribers and 1.2 million bits to get to that level.
On 16 January, at 10:56 PM (UTC), Neuro-Sama's 2nd Anniversary Birthday Subathon ended with a recap video. It lasted for a total of 28 days with all subscription goals achieved and amassing over 7 million collective watch hours. 166,911 subs and 3,183,212 Twitch bits were gifted in total. The subathon makes Neuro-sama the 7th most-subscribed channel on Twitch of all time.

## Online content

Neuro-sama's Twitch content primarily centers around playing video games, notably osu! (2007), in which her gameplay once defeated the best-ranking human player in the world, and Minecraft (2011), in which her adaptations to sandbox gameplay have gained notoriety. Other aspects of her content delivery include singing songs, playing chess with her viewers, chatting with other VTubers during collaborations and reacting to YouTube videos. While playing games or participating in other activities, the AI frequently engages with viewers by responding to their questions and acknowledging donations. Her comedic and sometimes controversial responses to the live chat have gone viral, accelerating the rise in popularity. Her fanbase has dubbed itself "The Swarm".

## Discography
### As lead artist

| Release date | Title |
| 19 December 2024 | "LIFE" |

### As featured artist

| Original artist | Title | Year |
| KIRA (feat. GUMI) | "Monster" (Camila feat. Neuro-sama) | 2023 |
| Set It Off (feat. Hatsune Miku) | "Why Do I" (Will Stetson feat. Neuro-sama) | 2023 |
| Wowaka (feat. Hatsune Miku) | "Rolling Girl" (Obikatiekat feat. Evil Neuro) | 2024 |
| Melanie Martinez | "EVIL" (Camila feat. Evil Neuro) | 2024 |
| Carly Rae Jepsen | "Call Me Maybe" (Nihmune feat. Neuro-sama) | 2024 |

## Awards and nominations

| Ceremony | Year | Category | Result |
| The Streamer Awards | 2023 | Best Software And Game Development Streamer | Nominated |
| The Streamer Awards | 2023 | Best VTuber | Nominated |
| The Streamer Awards | 2024 | Best VTuber | Nominated |
| The VTuber Awards | 2023 | Best Tech VTuber | Won |
| The VTuber Awards | 2024 | Best Tech VTuber | Won |
| The VTuber Awards | 2024 | Most Dedicated Fanbase (The Swarm) | Nominated |
| The VTuber Awards | 2024 | VTuber Of The Year | Nominated |