OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Semi Joseph Begun

Semi Joseph Begun (December 2, 1905 in Germany – January 5, 1995), usually referred to as S. Joseph Begun, was a German-American engineer and inventor known for his contributions to magnetic recording, underwater acoustics, and telecommunications.

## Life and career

Born in 1905 in Danzig, Germany (now Gdańsk, Poland), Begun earned a doctorate in electrical engineering in 1933 from the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin). He immigrated to the United States in 1935. In 1939, he married Ruth Begun, who was the first woman to be awarded a physics PhD from the University of Berlin… In 1943 Begun was Vice President of Research for the Brush Development Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Brush's main business was the production of piezoelectric phonograph pickups, the least expensive and most widely used pickup of the late 1930s. Brush also produced in cooperation with Western Electric magnetic steel tape sound recorders. These used hardened steel tape as the recording medium.
Another product Brush manufactured were wire recorders. These used stainless steel wire, with a composition similar to (or perhaps identical with) high carbon high chromium cutlery steel, which is ferromagnetic, as the recording medium. The recording head was a split ring, with the wire running in a groove in the head, quite similar to the heads used today. High frequency AC bias was used to linearize the recording. The ferritic stainless steel was quite strong. Diamond dies were required to draw it into wire. Dr. Begun obtained a contract from the National Defense Research Council to perform research and development on a substitute for the stainless steel wire. The work was justified by the military use of the recorders and the shortage of facilities for producing the diamond dies.
Dr. Begun had two concepts in mind for a different recording medium. One was to find a means for coating a ductile nonmagnetic metal wire with a metallic magnetic coating. The other was to coat a non-metallic tape with a magnetic coating. He placed the work on wire in the Research Department of Brush Development Company, and contracted with Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, for work on the development of a coated non-metallic tape.
# Glass Beams

Glass Beams is the music project of Indian-Australian multi-instrumentalist and producer Rajan Silva. He founded the group in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The band blends Eastern musical elements with contemporary Western music. On stage and in music videos, the band appears in bejewelled doily-like masks.

## History

The band's debut EP, Mirage, was released in 2021. The follow-up EP, Mahal, was released on Ninja Tune in March 2024, and entered at #5 in the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums chart and #13 on the Billboard Jazz Albums.
In all public appearances, the band wears gold bejeweled glass masks.
Silva is primarily a drummer and records, produces, and mixes all of the band's music.

## Discography
### Extended plays

List of EPs, with selected details :
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Details | AUS Indie |
| Mirage | Released: June 2021 Label: Research Records | 8 |
| Mahal | Released: March 2024 Label: Ninja Tune | 1 |
# Euan Sutherland

Euan Angus Sutherland (born February 1969) is a Scottish businessman who was the Chief Executive of SuperGroup plc and Saga plc. He served as the chief executive of Saga from January 2020 to November 2023.

## Career

After training in marketing with Coca-Cola, he worked in marketing a retail management positions with Mars Confectionery, Matalan, Currys and Superdrug. He then joined Kingfisher plc, rising to the position of chief operating officer.

### Co-operative Group

Touted as a replacement for Kingfisher CEO Ian Cheshire, he joined the Co-operative Group in April 2013, taking over from Peter Marks as chief executive.
Due to inadequate capital levels in its banking group, Moody's downgraded the bank's credit rating by six notches to junk status (Ba3) and the bank's chief executive Barry Tootell resigned. The difficulties stemmed largely from the commercial loans of the Britannia Building Society, acquired in the 2009 merger.
Sutherland restructured, by intending to sell the life insurance business to Royal London releasing about £200m in capital, and planning to dispose of its other insurance business. On 5 June Richard Pennycook, former finance director of Morrisons, was named Co-operative Group's finance director, and Richard Pym, former chief executive of the Alliance & Leicester bank, as chair of the Co-operative Banking Group and the Co-operative Bank.
In March 2014, Sutherland resigned from The Co-operative because he said "I now feel that until the Group adopts professional and commercial governance it will be impossible to implement what my team and I believe are the necessary changes and reforms to renew the Group and give it a relevant and sustainable future". He was replaced by Richard Pennycook, then chief financial officer, who became the group's interim Chief Executive.

### Supergroup

On 22 October 2014, it was announced that Sutherland was CEO of SuperGroup plc.
On 2 April 2019, Sutherland resigned as CEO of SuperGroup plc after founder Julian Dunkerton won a bid to be reinstated to the SuperGroup plc board.

### Saga

In December 2019, Saga appointed Sutherland as chief executive. At a crucial moment he joined with Saga. The insurance firm, which accounts for the overwhelming majority of the group 's earnings, has needed to dramatically slash premiums to stay profitable. Whereas the travel company is preparing to introduce two freshly built cruise ships.
In November 2023, Sutherland resigned from Saga with immediate effect.

## Personal life

Sutherland is married with three sons. His interests include rugby union and Formula One.
# Gachon University station

Gachon University Station (formerly Kyungwon Univ. Station) is a station on the Suin–Bundang Line between Bokjeong and Taepyeong. It serves the nearby Global campus of Gachon University. On 28 December 2011, Gachon Univ. Station was renamed from Kyungwon Univ. Station.

## Vicinity

* Exit 1 : Gachon University
* Exit 2 : West Seongnam Elementary School
* Exit 3 : Taepyeong Middle School
* Exit 4 : Gachon Univ. EX-HUB (To Pangyo)
* Exit 5 : Gachon Univ. EX-HUB (To Songpa)
# Monte Vista, Colorado

The City of Monte Vista is the home rule municipality that is the most populous municipality in Rio Grande County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 4,247 at the 2020 Census.

## History

Monte Vista was laid out in 1884. The site had previously served as a watering stop for the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. Monte Vista is the Spanish translation of "mountain view."

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km$^2$), of which, 1.9 square miles (4.9 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (2.56%) is water.

## Culture

Monte Vista is served by the Carnegie Public Library.
Every March, nearly 20,000 Sandhill Cranes descend on the San Luis Valley before continuing their northward spring migration.

## Climate

Monte Vista has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk).
Climate data for Monte Vista 2W, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, 1893-2020 extremes: 7,695 ft (2,345 m) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 61 (16) | 65 (18) | 73 (23) | 78 (26) | 89 (32) | 92 (33) | 96 (36) | 90 (32) | 87 (31) | 80 (27) | 69 (21) | 61 (16) | 96 (36) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 47.8 (8.8) | 52.7 (11.5) | 65.9 (18.8) | 72.2 (22.3) | 79.0 (26.1) | 86.7 (30.4) | 88.0 (31.1) | 84.7 (29.3) | 81.3 (27.4) | 74.7 (23.7) | 62.2 (16.8) | 51.1 (10.6) | 88.8 (31.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 33.1 (0.6) | 39.6 (4.2) | 51.5 (10.8) | 58.8 (14.9) | 67.1 (19.5) | 77.2 (25.1) | 80.1 (26.7) | 77.8 (25.4) | 72.5 (22.5) | 61.6 (16.4) | 48.1 (8.9) | 34.5 (1.4) | 58.5 (14.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 15.4 (−9.2) | 22.3 (−5.4) | 33.7 (0.9) | 40.5 (4.7) | 49.2 (9.6) | 57.7 (14.3) | 62.5 (16.9) | 60.6 (15.9) | 53.7 (12.1) | 42.4 (5.8) | 29.9 (−1.2) | 17.2 (−8.2) | 40.4 (4.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −2.2 (−19.0) | 5.0 (−15.0) | 15.8 (−9.0) | 22.2 (−5.4) | 31.4 (−0.3) | 38.3 (3.5) | 44.9 (7.2) | 43.3 (6.3) | 34.8 (1.6) | 23.2 (−4.9) | 11.7 (−11.3) | −0.1 (−17.8) | 22.4 (−5.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −15.2 (−26.2) | −10.5 (−23.6) | 0.3 (−17.6) | 10.1 (−12.2) | 21.4 (−5.9) | 30.8 (−0.7) | 39.2 (4.0) | 37.7 (3.2) | 25.8 (−3.4) | 10.6 (−11.9) | −3.3 (−19.6) | −14.1 (−25.6) | −19.5 (−28.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −38 (−39) | −31 (−35) | −16 (−27) | −2 (−19) | 9 (−13) | 23 (−5) | 31 (−1) | 27 (−3) | 15 (−9) | −6 (−21) | −22 (−30) | −29 (−34) | −38 (−39) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.40 (10) | 0.32 (8.1) | 0.66 (17) | 0.66 (17) | 0.81 (21) | 0.50 (13) | 1.48 (38) | 1.64 (42) | 1.11 (28) | 0.83 (21) | 0.41 (10) | 0.41 (10) | 9.23 (235.1) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.00 (15.2) | 4.50 (11.4) | 6.50 (16.5) | 4.80 (12.2) | 1.20 (3.0) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 2.80 (7.1) | 3.90 (9.9) | 5.70 (14.5) | 35.4 (89.8) |
| Source 1: NOAA ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS2 (records & monthly max/mins) ||||||||||||||
# Totka Petrova

Totka Nikolaeva Petrova (Bulgarian: Тотка Петрова, born 17 December 1956) is a retired female middle-distance runner who represented Bulgaria in the 1970s and the early 1980s. She specialized in the 800 and 1500 metres, and won numerous international medals. She is still the Bulgarian 1500 metres record holder.

## Career

She was born in Yambol, and represented the club Tundzha Yambol. She won silver medals at the 1977 and 1978 European Indoor Championships. In 1977 she was only 0.05 seconds behind the gold medallist Jane Colebrook. Also, she continued a strong tradition of Bulgarian 800 metres runners, who had taken medals at the previous European Indoor Championships in 1972, 1973, 1975 and 1976. Other than Petrova, these medals were taken by Svetla Zlateva, Stefka Yordanova, Rositsa Pekhlivanova, Nikolina Shtereva and Lilyana Tomova.
In 1977 she also won the gold medal at the 1977 World Cup, and at the 1977 Summer Universiade she won gold medals in both 800 and 1500 metres. In 1978 she participated at the European Championships, finishing fourth in the 800 metres and winning the bronze medal in the 1500 metres.
In August 1979 Petrova tested positive for anabolic steroids and was subsequently banned from sport for 8 months.
At the 1980 Olympic Games she reached the semi-final of the 800 metres and only the heats of the 1500 metres event. In 1982 she finished ninth in the 1500 metres at the European Indoor Championships, and competed at the 1982 European Championships without reaching the final. At the 1983 World Championships she reached the semi-final of the 800 metres event, where she was knocked out. She was also knocked out in the 1500 metres event, in the heats.
She became Bulgarian indoor champion in the 800 metres in 1977 and 1978. As indoor champion she was both preceded and succeeded by Nikolina Shtereva. She also became Bulgarian indoor champion in the 1500 metres in 1983. Strong rivals in this event include Rumyana Chavdarova and Vania Gospodinova. Outdoors, she became Bulgarian 400 metres champion in 1978, 800 metres champion in 1977, 1978 and 1983, and 1500 metres champion in 1977, 1979 and 1983.
Her personal bests in her main events were 1.56.2 minutes in the 800 metres, achieved in July 1979 in Paris, and 3.57.4 minutes in the 1500 metres, achieved in August 1979 in Athens. She still holds the Bulgarian record in 1500 metres. With automatic timing she had 1.56.59 minutes in the 800 metres, achieved in August 1978 in Prague. She also had 51.82 seconds in the 400 metres and 2.33.0 minutes in the 1000 metres, both achieved in August 1978 in Sofia.
# Malonate—CoA ligase

In enzymology, a malonate—CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.76), also known as malonyl-CoA synthetase or malonate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
    ATP + malonate + CoA $\rightleftharpoons$ AMP + diphosphate + malonyl-CoA
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, malonate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and malonyl-CoA.
This enzyme belongs to the class of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-sulfur bonds as acid-thiol ligases or, more precisely, to the family of acyl-CoA synthetases. This enzyme participates in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis metabolism.

## Examples

The following enzymes with malonyl-CoA synthetase activity are known:

### Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3)

The only known malonyl-CoA synthetase in mammals is the mitochondrial enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3), which has a high specificity for malonate and methylmalonate. ACSF3 is required for the clearance of intramitochondrial malonate, as malonate is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration through the competitive inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, which is a component of citric acid cycle and is complex II of the respiratory chain. The resulting malonyl-CoA (besides being generated by a mitochondrial isoform of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1) is considered one of the sources of mitochondrial malonyl-CoA, which is required as a precursor for mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, ACSF3 is required for the malonylation of mitochondrial proteins.

### Acyl activating enzyme 13 (AAE13)

Also in plants, more precisely in Arabidopsis thaliana, there is a malonyl-CoA synthetase, the acyl activation enzyme 13 (AAE13). Malonyl-CoA is required as a substrate in acylation and condensation reactions. AAE13 is localized both in the cytosol and in the mitochondria, whereby the cytosolic isoform is not essential, as cytosolic malonyl-CoA is sufficiently provided by cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase. In contrast, the mitochondrial isoform is essential for plant growth.

## Clinical relevance

In the inborn error of metabolism combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA), the malonyl-CoA synthetase, ACSF3, is impaired, which leads to an accumulation of the metabolites malonate and methylmalonate.
# Volney Peters

Volney Monroe Peters (January 1, 1928 – December 28, 2015) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL).

## Early life

Peters graduated from Hoover High School in San Diego in 1947.

## Career
### College

Peters went to Compton Community College and then was a two-way lineman for three years at the University of Southern California. As a senior, he was a first-team All-Pacific Coast Conference pick and was named to the 1951 East–West Shrine Game first-team and the 1951 College All Stars Hula Bowl first-team. Peters established a USC career record for minutes played.

### Professional

After a brief time in the Marine Corps, Peters played in the NFL from 1952 to 1958. He was drafted by the Chicago Cardinals and also played for the Washington Redskins and the Philadelphia Eagles. He retired briefly before then-Los Angeles Chargers coach Sid Gillman convinced him to make a comeback to play for the American Football League team. He finished his career with the Oakland Raiders.
Peters was named a 1956 NFL Pro Bowl pick, and was named to the Sporting News 1960 All-AFL team.
In 2006, Peters was inducted into the San Diego Hall of Champions Breitbard Hall of Fame.

## Death

He died on December 28, 2015.
# Her Favourite Husband

Her Favourite Husband (also known as The Taming of Dorothy and Quel bandito sono io) is a 1950 British-Italian comedy film directed by Mario Soldati and starring Jean Kent, Robert Beatty and Margaret Rutherford. The screenplay was by Noel Langley, based on an adaptation by Stefano Vanzina (as Steno), Mario Monicelli and Soldati of the 1947 play Quel bandito sono io! by Peppino De Filippo. The film's art direction was by Piero Gherardi.

## Plot

Mild mannered Italian bank clerk Antonio, dominated by his English wife Dorothy, is the double of Leo L'Americano, a local gangster. The gangster kidnaps Antonio and takes his place as husband in the family, to give him cover for a big bank robbery, which he plans to pin on Antonio. Farcical confusions ensue.

## Cast

* Jean Kent as Dorothy Pellegrini
* Robert Beatty as Antonio Pellegrini
* Gordon Harker as Godfrey Dotherington
* Margaret Rutherford as Mrs. Dotherington
* Rona Anderson as Stellina
* Walter Crisham as Caradiotto
* Max Adrian as Catoni
* Tamara Lees as Rosana
* Michael Balfour as Pete
* Jack McNaughton as El Greco
* Norman Shelley as Mr. Dobson
* Danny Green as Angel Face
* Joss Ambler as Mr. Wilson
* Mary Hinton as Mrs. Wilson
* Peter Illing as Commissario Scaletti
* Jimmy Ventola as Ciocio Pellegrini
* Andreas Malandrinos as customs officer

## Critical reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "Gangster comedy which suffers from a profusion of English actors posing unsuccessfully as comic Italians, and from direction based on the principle that noise and muddle on the screen amounts to comedy. The whole effect is that of a charade which has got completely out of hand."
In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as "mediocre", writing: "Film mistakes noise and muddle for comedy."
Leslie Halliwell said: "Rather tiresome Italian-set comedy with funny moments."
TV Guide wrote, "corny dialog bogs this film down much of the time."
Allmovie described it as "a genial romp distinguished by a sizeable supporting cast of familiar British players."
# Meer Ali Meer

Syed Ayyub Ali Meer (born March 15, 1953), better known as Meer Ali Meer, is an Indian poet and lyricist known for his contributions to Chhattisgarhi literature and regional cinema. His poems are often about cultural heritage, traditions, and rural life of Chhattisgarh, earning him widespread recognition in the literary community. Meer's poetic style is characterized by its simplicity, depth, and strong connection to the ethos of Chhattisgarhi folk traditions.
One of his most famous works, Nanda Jahi Ka Re, has gained immense popularity and is often cited as a representation of Chhattisgarhi poetic excellence. Apart from poetry, he has made a mark in the regional film industry by contributing songs to acclaimed Chhattisgarhi films like Bhulan The Maze and Chhattisgarh ke Bheem Chintaram. His lyrical contributions have played a vital role in bringing Chhattisgarhi culture to a wider audience through cinema.

## Major works

* Nanda Ja Hi Ka Re
* Khadar ke Chani
* Khu Du Du
* Mor Chhattisgarh Mahatari
* Dori Danwa
* Bhai Banta Karahi Re
* Rojgarhin Dai
# Agyneta brevis

Agyneta brevis is a species of sheet weaver found in Peru. It was described by Millidge in 1991.
# John W. Daly

John William Daly (June 8, 1933 – March 5, 2008) was an American biochemist who performed research for nearly 50 years at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. A primary focus of his research included the discovery, structure elucidation, synthesis, and pharmacology of alkaloids and other biologically active natural products. He was the world's leading authority in amphibian alkaloids and an expert in many areas of natural products. Daly was a prolific writer, producing around 700 papers, including books and chapters. In 1997 he was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.
# Sweet Eros

Sweet Eros is a one-act, two-character play by Terrence McNally, which premiered Off-Broadway in 1968.

## Productions

Sweet Eros opened Off-Broadway at the Gramercy Arts Theatre on November 21, 1968, on a double bill with another McNally play, Witness. The two plays closed on January 26, 1969. Directed by Larry Arrick, the cast starred Sally Kirkland as "The Girl" and Robert Drivas as the "Young Man" (to whom McNally dedicated the work).

### Regional and international

Some U.S. productions of Sweet Eros (as of 2008) have been produced:
* Washington, D.C., by Source Theatre Company and Yellow Taxi Productions (Feb.-March 2004), directed by Dominic A. D'Andrea, featuring Justin Benoit and MaryBeth Fritzky
* Madison, Wisconsin, by Mercury Players Theatre (MercLab) (July 2006), directed by Cara Peterson and featuring Kelly Lee Kriesel and R. Peter Hunt
* Austin, Texas, by Tongue and Groove Theatre (Sept. 2006), directed by David Yeakle and featuring Mark Stewart and Hilah Johnson
* Tucson, Arizona, by Live Theatre Workshop (May 2008), directed by Danielle Dryer and featuring Miranda McBride and Christopher Johnson
A May 2005 revival in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, was staged by and featured Robert Braiden and Veronica Smith.

## Plot

A disturbed young man, soured by two failed romantic relationships, has kidnapped a young woman (a complete stranger) and taken her to his home in the country. As the play opens, the woman is seated in a chair, bound and gagged, the man sitting opposite, observing her. The man explains to the woman his reasons for kidnapping her, saying he had long fantasized about doing such a thing to a young woman. He methodically strips his captive naked, presumably rapes her, then proceeds to subject her to an ongoing series of rants, ruminations and reflections on life and love as he seeks to force the woman to understand him – and, ultimately, to submit to him.

## Nudity

Sweet Eros caused a sensation when it first opened in New York because its female star, Sally Kirkland, was nude for nearly the entire length of the play, which lasts approximately 45 minutes. Because of this play, Kirkland has claimed to be the first actress to perform completely naked in legitimate New York theatre, but this claim is undercut by the fact that the rock musical Hair, with its notorious group nude scene, had opened on Broadway seven months earlier.
According to an article in the Daytona Beach Morning Journal, "The event was duly noted as the first completely nude role."
# Mountain Village, Colorado

Mountain Village is a home rule municipality in San Miguel County, southwestern Colorado. It is located just southwest of Telluride, Colorado in the San Juan Mountains. The elevation of the town rises above Telluride to 9,600 feet. The population was 1,264 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.6 km$^2$), all land.
# Neurotensin receptor 1

Neurotensin receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTSR1 gene. For a crystal structure of NTS1, see pdb code 4GRV. In addition, high-resolution crystal structures have been determined in complex with the peptide full agonist NTS8-13, the non-peptide full agonist SRI-9829, the partial agonist RTI-3a, and the antagonists / inverse agonists SR48692 and SR142948A, as well as in the ligand-free apo state., see PDB codes 6YVR (NTSR1-H4X:NTS8–13), 6Z4V (NTSR1-H4bmX:NTS8–13), 6Z8N (NTSR1-H4X:SRI-9829), 6ZA8 (NTSR1-H4X:RTI-3a), 6Z4S (NTSR1-H4bmX:SR48692), 6ZIN (NTSR1-H4X:SR48692), 6Z4Q (NTSR1-H4X: SR142948A), and 6Z66 (apo NTSR1-H4X).

## Function

Neurotensin receptor 1, also called NTR1, belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors and is considered a class-A GPCR. NTSR1 mediates multiple biological processes through modulation by neurotensin, such as low blood pressure, high blood sugar, low body temperature, antinociception, anti-neuronal damage and regulation of intestinal motility and secretion.

## Ligands

* ML314 – β-arrestin biased agonist
* Neurotensin (NT1)