OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SaxonAir

SaxonAir Charter Limited is a private charter airline based at Norwich Airport that operates in the United Kingdom and Western Europe.

## History

In 2007, Christopher Mace and James Palmer founded SaxonAir from an office in the back of a hangar at Norwich Airport. It operated an aircraft and helicopter for then chairman Graeme Kalbraier's businesses and made them available for charter.
Roger Klyne purchased the business in 2009. It took over operation of aircraft he owned. The airline's passengers included Meat Loaf and Debbie Harry.
In Spring 2010, SaxonAir opened a £6m Business Aviation Centre at Norwich Airport and the next year, announced that it had based a Citation Mustang at Thessaloniki Airport in Greece.

## Fleet

| Aircraft | Seats | Number |
| Hawker 750 | 8+1 | 1 |
| Hawker 900XP | 8+1 | 1 |
| Cessna Citation Mustang | 4 | 1 |
| Citation 525 CJ2 | 6 | 1 |
| Hawker 400XP | 7+1 | 1 |
| Gulfstream G550 | 16 | 1 |
| Embraer Legacy 500 | 9+1 | 1 |
| Phenom 300 | 8+1 | 1 |
| Eurocopter EC120 | 4 | 1 |
| Agusta A109 | 7 | 1 |
# 1952 Oklahoma Sooners football team

The 1952 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1952 college football season. It was the 58th season of play for the Sooners. Led by head coach Bud Wilkinson, the Sooners offense scored 407 points, while the defense allowed only 141.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | at Colorado | No. 4 | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO | | T 21–21 | 30,569 |
| October 4 | Pittsburgh* | No. 20 | Oklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, OK | | W 49–20 | 37,716–38,000 |
| October 11 | vs. Texas* | No. 12 | Cotton BowlDallas, TX (rivalry) | | W 49–20 | 75,504 |
| October 18 | at No. 8 Kansas | No. 6 | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | | W 42–20 | 37,946 |
| October 25 | Kansas State | No. 3 | Oklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, OK | | W 49–6 | 38,168 |
| November 1 | at Iowa State | No. 3 | Clyde Williams StadiumAmes, IA | | W 41–0 | 9,619 |
| November 8 | at No. 10 Notre Dame* | No. 4 | Notre Dame StadiumNotre Dame, IN | NBC | L 21–27 | 57,466 |
| November 15 | Missouri | No. 8 | Oklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, OK (rivalry) | | W 47–7 | 43,393 |
| November 22 | Nebraska | No. 5 | Oklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, OK (rivalry) | | W 34–13 | 42,489 |
| November 29 | at Oklahoma A&M* | No. 4 | Lewis FieldStillwater, OK (Bedlam) | | W 54–7 | 21,408 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||||

## Rankings

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking ( ) = First-place votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | Pre | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Final |
| AP | 4 (16) | 20 | 12 (1) | 6 (5) | 3 (23) | 3 (20) | 4 (27) | 8 | 5 (1) | 4 (3) | 4 (14) |

## Roster

* QB Eddie Crowder Sr.
* G J. D. Roberts Jr.
* HB Billy Vessels, Sr.
* E Carl Allison, So.

## Awards and honors

* Billy Vessels, Heisman Trophy

## NFL draft

Six Sooners were selected in the 1953 NFL draft, held on January 22.
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL team |
| 1 | 2 | Billy Vessels | Running back | Baltimore Colts |
| 2 | 22 | Eddie Crowder | Quarterback | New York Giants |
| 3 | 26 | Buck McPhail | Back | Baltimore Colts |
| 4 | 38 | Tom Catlin | Center | Baltimore Colts |
| 15 | 177 | Dick Bowman | Guard | New York Giants |
| 15 | 180 | Tom Carroll | Back | Los Angeles Rams |
# Asynchrony (computer programming)

Asynchrony, in computer programming, refers to the occurrence of events independent of the main program flow and ways to deal with such events. These may be "outside" events such as the arrival of signals, or actions instigated by a program that take place concurrently with program execution, without the program hanging to wait for results. Asynchronous input/output is an example of the latter case of asynchrony, and lets programs issue commands to storage or network devices that service these requests while the processor continues executing the program. Doing so provides a degree of concurrency.
A common way for dealing with asynchrony in a programming interface is to provide subroutines that return a future or promise that represents the ongoing operation, and a synchronizing operation that blocks until the future or promise is completed. Some programming languages, such as Cilk, have special syntax for expressing an asynchronous procedure call.
Examples of asynchrony include the following:
* Asynchronous procedure call, a method to run a procedure concurrently, a lightweight alternative to threads.
* Ajax is a set of client-side web technologies used by the client to create asynchronous I/O web applications.
* Asynchronous method dispatch (AMD), a data communication method used when there is a need for the server side to handle a large number of long lasting client requests. Using synchronous method dispatch (SMD), this scenario may turn the server into an unavailable busy state resulting in a connection failure response caused by a network connection request timeout. The servicing of a client request is immediately dispatched to an available thread from a pool of threads and the client is put in a blocking state. Upon the completion of the task, the server is notified by a callback. The server unblocks the client and transmits the response back to the client. In case of thread starvation, clients are blocked waiting for threads to become available.
# Jasandra Nyker

Jasandra Nyker is a South African entrepreneur and former CEO of BioTherm Energy, a South African developer of renewable energy sources and power plant operator. She was a managing director of the International Power Fund at Denham Capital, and a board member in the Emira Property Fund. In 2021, she was appointed CEO of Nala Renewables, a company set up by Trafigura and IFM Investors.

## Education

Nyker has a bachelor's degree in business science from the University of Cape Town and an MBA from the London Business School, where she was a Merrill Lynch scholar.

## Career

After working from Brait SE, and being senior vice president at PCG Asset Management LLC, Jasandra Nyker became CEO of Biotherm Energy in 2011. She participated in renewable energy forums such as the World Economic Forum on Africa, held in Kigali, Rwanda in 2016, and the 2017 Africa CEO Forum in Geneva. In 2019 she became a managing director at Denham Capital, after the sale of Biotherm to Actis Capital. In April 2021 she was appointed CEO of Nala Renewables, a company set up by Trafigura and IFM Investors with the initial goal of reaching a two gigawatts renewables portfolio. At the beginning of her tenure the company acquired a majority stake in Boston-based Swift Current Energy, together with Buckeye Partners. In 2022 the company started construction of a 100 MWh battery project located at Nyrstar’s zinc smelting operation in Balen, Belgium.
Nyker also serves as an nonexecutive director of the Emira Property Fund, and the international banking and wealth management group Investec.
She has supported business school students and young entrepreneurs by chairing the judges' panel for the 2012 Anzisha Prize, and participating in the Odgers Berndtson CEOx1Day programme in 2017.

## Views

Nyker has advocated for the importance of renewable energy in Africa as a way to combat poverty, given the abundance of solar and wind natural resources in the continent. In order for power projects to succeed she has emphasized the need for certainty and consistency in government energy policy, and advocated for partnerships between government and the private sector, warning about state capture and failings of utility companies, such as South Africa's Eskom. She has said that the independent power producers help improve power grids run by state utility companies, and that more African countries would benefit from this type of collaboration. However, for 2021 she expected the private renewable market to still dominate, with country-owned renewable power still lagging behind.

## Awards and recognition

Nyker was named a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader in 2012. She was included in the "Fifty Changemakers Advancing Gender Equality in South Africa" list, on the occasion of the first 50/50 Day in 2017. In 2019, she received the Outstanding Contribution Award in Power at the African Power, Energy and Water Awards.
# Argelia, Cauca

Argelia is a town and municipality in the Cauca Department, Colombia. Founded by Order No. 02 on November 3, 1967, the municipality covers an area of 713 km$^2$ and has a population of around 20,000. The population is primarily engaged in agriculture.

## Administrative divisions

The municipality of Argelia has the following corregimientos under its administration:
* Betania
* Bolivia
* El Diviso
* El Mango
* El Naranjal
* El Plateado
* El Sinai
* La Emboscada
* La Florida
* Las Belleza
* Puerto Rico
* San Juan Del
* Santa Clara
# Makri Yalo Airbase

The Makri Yalo airbase was a Regia Aeronautica (Italian Royal Air Force) facility on the island of Scarpanto, in the Dodecanese.
During World War II, the airbase was a major part of Italian military operations in the Mediterranean, by supporting air operations to Crete, the Greek mainland, and the ocean approaches to Egypt.
In September 1940, the base was shelled by the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney and the British destroyer HMS Ilex.
# Corymbia aparrerinja

Corymbia aparrerinja, commonly known as ghost gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to Central Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

## Description

Corymbia aparrerinja is a tree that typically grows to a height of 20 m (66 ft), often much less, and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, sometimes powdery, white to cream-coloured and pinkish bark that is shed in thin patches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped leaves that are 50–155 mm (2.0–6.1 in) long, 20–65 mm (0.8–2.6 in) wide and arranged in opposite pairs. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same shade of glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped or curved, 50–165 mm (2.0–6.5 in) long and 7–32 mm (0.3–1.3 in) wide tapering to a petiole 5–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) long. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle 5–38 mm (0.2–1.5 in) long, each branch with groups of three or seven buds, the individual buds on pedicels 2–5 mm (0.08–0.20 in) long. Mature buds are oval to pear-shaped, 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide with a rounded operculum. Flowering occurs in summer and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to more or less cylindrical capsule 9–13 mm (0.35–0.51 in) long and 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) wide with the valves near rim level or enclosed.

## Taxonomy and naming

Corymbia aparrerinja was first formally described in 1995 by Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson from specimens collected on Gosses Bluff by Herbert Basedow in 1925. The same specimens were used by William Blakely to describe (in English), Eucalyptus papuana F.Muell. var. aparrerinja, but did not provide a Latin diagnosis ('description'), so the name was not validly published.

## Distribution and habitat

Ghost gum occurs in arid areas of Central Australia on rocky slopes, red sand flats and dry creek beds. It is found from near Giles in Western Australia, through the south of the Northern Territory as far north as Tennant Creek to near Mount Isa and Barcaldine in Queensland.

## Uses

Parts of this tree were used by Indigenous Australians to treat colds.

## Culture

In 1891 in Barcaldine, a ghost gum known as the Tree of Knowledge was the focal point of a gathering of striking sheep shearers, a key event leading to the formation of the Australian Labor Party.
This species of tree features in aboriginal Dreamtime stories and gained prominence with the wider public in the 20th century through the paintings of aboriginal artist Albert Namatjira.
# Friedrich Staps

Friedrich Staps (also, Stapß; 14 March 1792 – 17 October 1809) was an attempted assassin of Napoleon during the negotiations at Schönbrunn.

## Biography

He was a son of a pastor and became a merchant, working at Erfurt and Leipzig. As a strictly religious young man, he saw Napoleon's occupation as the sole reason for the misery of the German people, and thus became his opponent.
He set out to assassinate Napoleon, going first to Vienna, and, from there, on 13 October, to Schönbrunn, where Napoleon was to observe a military parade. Staps approached Napoleon on the pretense of presenting him with a petition, but was refused. One of Napoleon's aides, General Rapp, became suspicious of the young man, whose right hand was thrust into a pocket under his coat. Staps was arrested and found to be carrying a large carving knife. When Rapp asked whether he had planned to assassinate Napoleon, Staps answered in the affirmative.
Napoleon wanted to speak to Staps directly, so the prisoner was brought to the Emperor's office with his hands tied behind his back. Using Rapp as an interpreter, Napoleon asked Staps a series of questions.
   ‘Where were you born?’ – ‘In Naumburg.’
   ‘What is your father?’ – ‘A Protestant minister.’
   ‘How old are you?’ – ‘I am eighteen years of age.’
   ‘What did you intend to do with the knife?’ – ‘To kill you.’
   ‘You are mad, young man; you are an illuminato.’ – ‘I am not mad; and I know not what is meant by an illuminato.’
   ‘You are sick, then.’ – ‘I am not sick; on the contrary, I am in good health.’
   ‘Why did you wish to assassinate me?’ – ‘Because you have caused the misfortunes of my country.’
   ‘Have I done you any harm?’ – ‘You have done harm to me as well as to all Germans.’
   ‘By whom were you sent? Who instigated you to this crime?’ – ‘Nobody. I determined to take your life from the conviction that I should thereby render the highest service to my country and to Europe.’ …
   ‘I tell you, you are either mad or sick.’ – ‘Neither the one nor the other.’
After a doctor examined Staps and pronounced him in good health, Napoleon offered the young man a chance for clemency.
   ‘You are a wild enthusiast,’ said he; ‘you will ruin your family. I am willing to grant your life, if you ask pardon for the crime which you intended to commit, and for which you ought to be sorry.’ – ‘I want no pardon,’ replied Staps, ‘I feel the deepest regret for not having executed my design.’ ‘You seem to think very lightly of the commission of a crime!’ – ‘To kill you would not have been a crime but a duty.’ … ‘Would you not be grateful were I to pardon you?’ – ‘I would notwithstanding seize the first opportunity of taking your life.’
Staps was executed by a firing squad on October 17, 1809. His last words were: “Liberty forever! Germany forever! Death to the tyrant!”

## Literature

* August Fournier: Napoleon I., eine Biographie. Drei Bände, 4. Aufl. Wien/Leipzig 1922; hier Bd. 2, S. 307.
# Nikita Petruk

Nikita Serhiyovych Petruk (Ukrainian: Нікіта Сергійович Петрук; born 8 June 2003) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Ukrainian First League club Zviahel, on loan from Polissya Zhytomyr.
# Richard Pankhurst (historian)

Richard Keir Pethick Pankhurst OBE (3 December 1927 – 16 February 2017) was a British scholar, founding member of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies, and former professor at the University of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. His books have been reviewed in scholarly journals, with Edward Ullendorff calling his The Ethiopians as another testimony to his "remarkable diligence and industry in the service of Ethiopian studies". He is known for his research on economic history and socio-cultural studies on Ethiopia.

## Early life and education

Pankhurst was born in 1927 in Woodford Green to left communist and former suffragette Sylvia Pankhurst and Italian anarchist Silvio Corio. His maternal grandparents were Emmeline and Richard Pankhurst.
Pankhurst studied at Chigwell School, Bancroft's School in Woodford, and then at the London School of Economics, from which he received a doctorate in economic history, on which Harold Laski acted as an advisor.

## Career

His mother, Sylvia Pankhurst, had been an active supporter of Ethiopian culture and independence since the Italian invasion in 1935, and Richard grew up knowing many Ethiopian refugees. Sylvia was a friend of Haile Selassie and published Ethiopia, a Cultural History in 1955. In 1956, she and Richard moved to Ethiopia. He began working at the University College of Addis Ababa, and in 1962 was the founding director of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies. He also edited the Journal of Ethiopian Studies and the Ethiopia Observer.
Pankhurst left the Institute and his professorship at what had become the University of Addis Ababa in 1976 after the death of Haile Selassie and the start of the Ethiopian Civil War. He returned to England, where he became a research fellow with the School of Oriental and African Studies and the London School of Economics, before working as librarian at the Royal Asiatic Society. He returned to Ethiopia in 1986, where he resumed research with the Institute. He published numerous books and articles on a wide variety of topics related to Ethiopian history.
Pankhurst led the campaign for the return of the Obelisk of Axum to Ethiopia. It was re-erected in Axum in 2008. For his efforts in this, he was given the honorary title "Dejazmach Benkirew" by the Union of Tigraians of North America. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the Diplomatic Service and Overseas section of the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours "for services to Ethiopian studies".

## Personal life

In addition to his numerous books on Ethiopia, Pankhurst wrote works on his mother, including Sylvia Pankhurst: Artist and Crusader and Sylvia Pankhurst: Counsel for Ethiopia.
Pankhurst married Rita Eldon (1927–2019) in 1957 and they had a daughter, Helen Pankhurst, and a son, Alula Pankhurst, with whom he collaborated on at least one book.

## Death and legacy

Pankhurst died on 16 February 2017 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at the age of 89. Workneh Gebeyehu, the Ethiopian Foreign Minister described him as "one of Ethiopia's greatest friends". He was buried on 21 February at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Addis Ababa.
# 1580s in Denmark

Events from the 1580s in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Frederick II (until 1588), Christian IV

## Events
### 1580

* 3 February – A great fire destroys a large part of Ribe. 11 streets and 213 houses burn down.

### 1581

* The Kronborg Tapestries are commissioned. They are completed in 1596.

### 1588

* The Dutch architect Philip Brandin oversees the construction of a new Nykøbing Castle.

## Births

1580
* 8 January – Jens Hermansson Juel, Governor-general of Norway (died 1634)
* 8 April – Augusta of Denmark, princess of Denmark and Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp (died 1639)
1581
* 5 August – Hedwig of Denmark, princess of Denmark and Electress of Saxony (died 1641 in Saxony)
* 4 November – Christen Friis, nobleman (died 1639)
* 26 November – Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg (died 1658)
1583
* 2 January – Falk Lykke, nobleman (died 1650)
* 24 February – Margaret of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, Countess Consort of Nassau-Siegen (died 1658 in Siegen)
* 9 July – John, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, prince of Denmark (died 1602)
1584
* 15 March – Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (died 1663)
1585
* 12 February – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, polymath (died 1629)
* 5 August – Jesper Brochmand, theologian and Bishop of Zealand (died 1652)
* 14 October – Lisbet Bryske, author and landowner (died 1674)
* Undated – Lorenz van Steenwinckel, architect (died 1619)
1587
* 2 January – Anders Arrebo, poet and bishop of Trondhjem (died 1637)
* 24 June – Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger, architect (died 1639)
1588
* 13 May – Ole Worm, physician and antiquary (died 1655)
Undated
* Mogens Pedersøn (c. 1583) – instrumentalist and composer (died 1623)
* Esaias Fleischer (c. 1586) – pharmacist (died 1663)

## Deaths
### 1580

* 1 October – John the Elder, prince of Denmark and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (born 1521)

### 1581

* 11 July – Peder Skram, naval admiral (born c. 1497)

### 1583

* 26 December – Jørgen Lykke, nobleman (born 1515)

### 1584

* 20 September – Hans Svaning, historian (born 1503)

### 1585

* 20 November – Eiler Grubbe, statesman and landholder(born 1532)

### 1586

* 20 March – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (born 1550 in Brunswick-Lüneburg)
* 1 October – Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Denmark (born 1526)
* 15 October – Elizabeth of Denmark, princess of Denmark and a Duchess of Mecklenburg (born 1524)

### 1587

* 2 November – Hans Knieper, Flemish court artist

### 1588

* 4 April – Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway (born 1534)

### 1589

* 18 January – Magnus Heinason, Faroese sailor and privateer (born 1548)
* 15 February – Anne Hardenberg, courtier and lady-in-waiting (born c. 1539)
Undated
* Melchior Lorck (c. 1583) – painter and printmaker (born c. 1526)
# West Kennebunk, Maine

West Kennebunk is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Kennebunk in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

West Kennebunk is located at 43°24′32″N 70°34′43″W﻿ / ﻿43.40889°N 70.57861°W﻿ / 43.40889; -70.57861 (43.409001, -70.578649).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the 2000 Census, there were 809 people, 316 households, and 223 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 233.1 inhabitants per square mile (90.0/km$^2$). There were 332 housing units at an average density of 95.7 per square mile (36.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.90% White, 0.12% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population.
There were 316 households, out of which 37.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.6% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.5 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $42,125, and the median income for a family was $47,333. Males had a median income of $30,972 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,922. About 2.3% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.