# Mala xiang guo

Mala xiang guo (traditional Chinese: 麻辣香鍋; simplified Chinese: 麻辣香锅; pinyin: málà xiāngguō), roughly translated into English as "spicy stir fry hot pot", is a Chinese dish prepared by stir frying. Strongly flavored with mala, it often contains meat and vegetables, and has a salty and spicy taste. The preparation process involves placing the required ingredients in the pot, stir frying and adding seasoning. In restaurants, customers usually choose the ingredients (meat and vegetables) by themselves before the chef prepares the dish.
The fiery dish originated from the Tujia people of Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing, China in the early 2000s. The name of the dish is self-descriptive, with "ma" meaning tongue-numbing and "la" meaning spiciness. The "spicy and tingling" sensation is a distinctive flavor feature of Sichuan cuisine, which is known for its bold use of spicy ingredients. Although it is a spicy dish, it is popular all over China for its complex flavor profile and affordability.
Mala xiang guo is served as a side dish or a main course, and paired with rice or noodles or eaten on its own. Individuals can customize it to their taste preferences, adjusting the level of spiciness and adding different vegetables and meats to make it more filling or to create unique flavor combinations.

## Description and ingredients

The dish features a variety of vegetables, meat and seafood stir-fried together in a rich spicy sauce. Typically, it is served in a large bowl and shared family style with steamed rice. Mala xiang guo offers a wide range of ingredient choices, including potatoes, lotus root, cauliflower, mushrooms, tofu, more for vegetables, and options like chicken, beef, pork, and even meatballs for meat.
The sauce is exactly the highlight of the dish as it is a mixture of several seasonings to create an irresistibly delicious flavor profile. Szechuan peppercorn is essential in mala, providing both tingling sensation and citrusy, floral taste. The dry chili pepper imparts smoky, spicy flavors and fragrance to mala xiang guo.
While every restaurant has its unique sauce recipe, they generally share common features, primarily comprising spiciness, fragrance, and numbingness giving a perfectly balanced taste.

## History and origins

Mala xiang guo originated from the Tujia people in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing, and it is a home-style dish that is popular locally. The dish is typically made with various seasonings in a large pot. When served to guests, variations often include the addition of meat, seafood, bamboo, and tofu skin. Recently, with its increase in popularity in China and Myanmar, mala xiang guo has expanded to include hundreds of different ingredients.
Mala xiang guo has a long and illustrious history in China, dating back to the Three Kingdoms period. According to legend, Zhuge Liang, the chancellor of Shu Han, invented it to uplift the spirit of his warriors. He believed that the dish's spicy profile would help to invigorate his troops and make them more resilient in battle. Mala’s origins can be identified in the Sichuan province of southwestern China, known for its distinctive and spicy culinary traditions. Locals like to make a simple stir-fry of vegetables with seasoning condiments. When they have visitors, they enhance the dish with meats, seafood, crunchy sausages, and fragrant, tender bamboo shoots. The sliced bamboo shoots are tender, the meat is well cooked, and the prefried yuba absorbs the richness of the other ingredients. The combination of is then put together to create the delightful and spicy dish known as mala xiang guo.
Based on both spicy and dry pot dishes, Sichuan chefs have refined mala xiang guo, making it more adaptable for restaurant operations. Sichuan cuisine comes from its strong use of spices and chili, contributing to its distinct profile. Mala tang is a popular Sichuan hot soup dish made with a variety of ingredients, including meat, seafood, vegetables, and tofu, distinguished by it pre-made broth heavily seasoned with Szechuan peppercorn and chili. Mala tang and mala xiang guo are both popular Sichuan dishes, but the main difference between them is the cooking method. Mala tang is poached in hot broth, while mala xiang guo is stir-fried. This means that mala tang is generally healthier, as it contains less oil. However, mala xiang guo is often more fragrant, as the ingredients are cooked in a wok with a variety of spices. Mala crab is another way to enjoy mala, but is often overlooked in favor of more popular seafood dishes such as chili crab, black pepper crab, and salted egg crab.
Mala xiang guo can be made with a variety of ingredients to suit different tastes, making it a popular choice for people with different nutritional limitations and preferences. Moreover, it became popular in the 1980s and went global in the 2000s, which is now a staple of Sichuan cuisine. Mala xiang guo restaurants are gaining popularity in Southeast Asia since they offer a unique and delicious dining experience that appeals to both locals who want to try something new and Chinese visitors who are seeking the taste of home. The mala trend began in Singapore, where mala restaurants have appeared across the country.
Mala xiang guo has been popularized by Sino-Myanma throughout Myanmar, where it is called mala shan gaw (Burmese: မာလာရှမ်းကော).

## Types

Mala xiang guo, a popular Chinese dish, typically consists of various ingredients stir-fried in a spicy, numbing sauce known as mala sauce. While it is traditionally a stir fry dish, some variations incorporate different bases such as soup or salad.

### Soup base

Mala hot pot soup originated in the Sichuan province in China. The region is well-known for its spicy cuisine, with mala hot pot soup being one of its most popular meals. According to the story, the soup was made by fishermen looking for a warm meal on a cold day. They boiled water, added herbs and spices, and created a tasty and warming soup that became a popular dish among the locals.
As time passed, the mala hot pot soup recipe became more elaborate. Nowadays, the soup comes in numerous variations with different spices and ingredients. The soup can be made with pork, beef, chicken or even vegetable base. Ingredients such as meats, seafood, mushrooms, carrots, lotus roots, leafy greens can be added based on our likings. thinly sliced meats are recommended to ensure even and swift cooking.
Common meat options for mala hot pot consist of beef (sirloin, ribeye, or flank steak), pork (shoulder or belly), and lamb (shoulder or leg); spice options include soy sauce, rice wine and garlic. As for the vegetables, recommended popular vegetable choices include leafy greens (spinach, napa cabbage, baby bok choy), root vegetables (carrots, lotus root) and mushrooms (shiitake, enoki, oyster mushrooms). To make the taste and texture more complete, toppings such as tofu, eggs and noodles can be used. Fresh and high-quality meat, vegetables and spices can be used for optimal taste.

### Salad base

In recent years, there has been a widespread belief that traditional hot pot's popularity has decreased significantly, while dry hot pot has emerged as the dominant food trend. It developed the name "dry hot pot" due to the absence of a soup base, which distinguishes it from conventional Chinese mala hot pot. Mala xiang guo salad is a variation on the main dish, served as a chilled salad dressing or sauce. The salad includes tofu, vegetables, and/or cold noodles in mala dressing. Mala salad is frequently served in a shallow bowl or on a plate that emphasizes the ingredients' vibrant colours and textures. The mala dressing is poured over them to create a fiery taste.

## Regional varieties

In different regions, the taste of mala xiang guo varies slightly depending on local culinary preferences and ingredient choice. For instance, in Sichuan, the dish features a large use of Szechuan peppercorn and a high level of spiciness. In some locations, a milder version is available. Ingredients can also vary based on local vegetables, meats and seafoods, reflecting the traditions of each region.
Mala xiang guo is served in a large wok. A variety of selected ingredients is stir-fried together in oil seasoned with dried red chili and Szechuan peppercorn, usually combined with onions and ginger. It is a variation on Chongqing mala hot pot. Hot pot or steamboat is widespread throughout China, with the numbingly fiery Sichuan style being the most popular.
Mala hotpot is a popular dish that brings out the essence of mala. It includes boiling a variety of raw ingredients in a thick broth mixed with mala seasonings.
Mala tang is a Chinese dish consisting of a variety of food items such as vegetables, meats and seafood on skewers. These are dipped into a liquid hotpot of a spicy and numbing broth made with chili, Szechuan peppercorn and various spices. It is usually garnished with sesame seeds and cilantro and is known for its flavorful taste.
Mala maocai is also a dish originating from China that involves choosing various raw items such as veggies, meats and tofu then cooking in a hot and numbing broth. It is comparable to hot pot but has intense taste due to a mix of additional spices. The dish is popular for its fiery taste.
Mala xiang guo gained popularity not only in China but also globally, resulting in various popular shops worldwide. Different places in various countries offer their own versions of mala xiang guo, following the likings and taste preferences of the local people in each region.