OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Department of Social Security (United Kingdom)

The Department of Social Security (DSS) was a governmental agency in the United Kingdom from 1988 to 2001.

## History

After the Fowler report, the Department of Health and Social Security separated during 1988 to form two departments, one of which was the DSS. During 2001, the department was largely replaced by the Department for Work and Pensions, with the other responsibilities of the department assumed by the Treasury and the Ministry for Defence.
Beginning in 1989, the Department of Social Security was subdivided into six executive agencies - firstly into the Resettlement agency, in 1990 ITSA (Information Technology Services Agency), the Benefits Agency and Contributions Agency in 1991, the Child Support Agency in 1993 and the War Pensions Agency in 1994.
As part of the UK government's spending review (March 1998), a paper New Ambitions for our Country: A New Contract for Welfare (1998) announced plans to increase efficiency ("streamline") in the administration of benefits from policy of social welfare, plans subsequently adopted as the "single gateway to benefits". The Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 brought reforms to the DSS guided by the principle of "work for those that can and security for those that cannot".

## Secretaries of state

Secretaries of State for Social Security (1988–2001) :
| Secretary of State | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Cabinet |
| John Moore | 25 July 1988 | 22 July 1989 | Conservative | Thatcher III |
| Tony Newton | 23 July 1989 | 9 April 1992 | Conservative | Thatcher III |
| Tony Newton | 23 July 1989 | 9 April 1992 | Conservative | Major I |
| Peter Lilley | 10 April 1992 | 1 May 1997 | Conservative | Major II |
| Harriet Harman | 1 May 1997 | 27 July 1998 | Labour | Blair I |
| Alistair Darling | 27 July 1998 | 8 June 2001 | Labour | Blair I |
# Karachi Kops

Karachi Kops was a British documentary show that was broadcast on Channel 4 from 11 January 1994 to 8 February 1994 It was a show about Pakistani police officers in Karachi.
The series aired on Link TV in the United States in 2002.
# Charros, gauchos y manolas

Charros, gauchos y manolas is a Spanish-language musical produced by Hollywood Spanish Pictures in 1930 and directed by Xavier Cugat.

## Plot

A bohemian painter, spurred by a magazine contest, creates a series of watercolor paintings of Spanish and South American cultural subjects. One by one, they come to life.

## Cast

* Carmen Castillo — Mexican artist
* Samuel Pedraza — Mexican artist
* Paul Ellis — Argentinian artist
* Vicente Padula — Argentinian artist
* Maria Alba — Spanish artist
* Martin Garralaga — Spanish artist
* Marina Ortiz — Spanish artist
* José Peña — Spanish artist (as Pepet)
* Romualdo Tirado — Master of Ceremonies
* Delia Magaña — Mexican artist
* Carlos Gómez Don Chema — Mexican artist
* Carmen Granada — Argentinian artist
* Carlos Lucanti — Argentinian artist
# Usnea patriciana

Usnea patriciana is a rare species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. This beard lichen has a shrubby appearance with cylindrical branches and distinct black pigmentation at its base.

## Taxonomy

Usnea patriciana was formally described as a new species by Frank Bungartz, Maria de los Angeles Herrera-Campos, and Philippe Clerc in 2018. The type specimen was discovered on San Cristóbal Island, along the northern border of Galápagos National Park; there, at an altitude of 315 m (1,033 ft), it was found growing on fallen tree branches. The species was named in appreciation of herbarium curator Patricia Jaramillo, of the Charles Darwin Research Station, "for her friendship and continued support of the Galapagos Lichen Inventory".

## Description

This lichen species has a shrubby or somewhat pendulous growth form with branches that are cylindrical and non-inflated. The base is distinctly blackish for the first few millimeters. The branches bear abundant tubercles, which are hemispherical and eroded at the tip. The soralia, reproductive structures on the lichen's surface, are plane, circular to elongated, and remain well-delimited by a thin cortical rim that persists even when crowded. The species can be distinguished from similar species by its non-inflated branches with abundant tubercles, black pigmentation at its base, and plane soralia that remain well-delimited by a cortical rim. The chemistry of Usnea patriciana includes salazinic acid, which can be detected in the medulla.

### Similar species

Usnea patriciana is most similar to another lichen species, Usnea brattiae. However, the trunk of U. patriciana is typically dark brown to blackish, while the trunk of U. brattiae is mostly the same colour as the basal branches, and rarely reddish-brown. U. patriciana has cylindrical and irregular branches with abundant tubercles, while U. brattiae has regularly terete (round, cylindrical, or slightly tapering shape in cross-section) branches lacking tubercles. The cortex of U. patriciana is matte, thicker than the cortex of U. brattiae, which appears shiny in section. The medulla of both species is similar, but U. patriciana has a distinctly thicker axis than U. brattiae. The chemistry of U. brattiae is more variable, while only one chemotype is known for U. patriciana (salazinic acid).

## Habitat and distribution

Usnea patriciana is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. It is a little-known species found mainly in the humid and upper transition zones of the islands. The lichen typically grows in exposed habitats, including small branches and twigs, shrubs, small trees, and fenceposts.
# Arizona Heat (film)

Arizona Heat is a 1988 American crime-thriller film directed by John G. Thomas and starring Michael Parks, Denise Crosby, and Hugh Farrington.

## Premise

A tough Arizona detective is teamed with a lesbian cop to catch a serial killer who preys on police.

## Cast

* Michael Parks as Detective Lt. Larry Kapinski
* Denise Crosby as Jill Andrews
* Hugh Farrington as Captain Samuels
* Ron Briskman as Toad
* Dennis O'Sullivan as Paul Murphy
* Renata Lee as Lisa
# Usnea mayrhoferi

Usnea mayrhoferi is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the Galápagos Islands.

## Taxonomy

Usnea mayrhoferi was first formally described by Maria de los Angeles Herrera-Campos, Frank Bungartz, Camille Truong, and Philippe Clerc in 2018. The species is named after Austrian lichenologist Helmut Mayrhofer, in honour of his 65th birthday. The type specimen of Usnea mayrhoferi was collected by Clerc on the Sierra Negra volcano (Isabela Island) at an altitude of 913 m (2,995 ft); there it was found growing on a living fencepost in a farming area.

## Description

Usnea mayrhoferi has a stiff, compact, and erect-shrubby appearance. Its branches are non-inflated and adorned with abundant tubercles, fibrils, and isidiofibrils. The base of the trunk is distinctly blackened, and annular (ring-like) cracks extend along the basal branches. Soralia (reproductive structures) are irregular and become large and excavate at the branch tips. The species has an opaque cortex, a very thin medulla, and a broad axis with an axis to medulla ratio greater than 4.5.
Usnea mayrhoferi is closely related to other species such as Usnea krogiana, U. brattiae, and U. cedrosiana. However, it can be distinguished by its unique combination of characteristics, including its blackened trunk, crowded soralia, and broad axis. While some of these species share similar chemistry, Usnea mayrhoferi has only been observed with a single chemotype containing norstictic acid.

## Habitat and distribution

This lichen bears resemblance to a group of similar and possibly closely related species, including Usnea brattiae, U. cedrosiana, U. krogiana, and U. patriciana. Each species has a different distribution, with Usnea mayrhoferi being known only from the Galápagos Islands. Compared to other Usnea species in the Galápagos, Usnea mayrhoferi is found in somewhat unusual habitats. It thrives in the humid zone, often growing close to the ground on small shrubs and ferns or even on plant debris.
# Tony Kinkel

Anthony Gene Kinkel (born November 15, 1960) is an American politician in the state of Minnesota. He served in both the Minnesota House of Representatives and the Minnesota Senate.
# Charles Carroll Webster

Charles Carroll Webster (May 1, 1824 – November 5, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician.
Webster was born in Cabot, Washington County, Vermont. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1851. Webster moved to Minnesota in 1854 and was admitted to the Minnesota bar in 1856. He lived in Red Wing, Goodhue County, Minnesota with his wife and family. Webster served as register of deeds for Goodhue County from 1860 to 1864 and as auditor of Goodhue County from 1897 to 1882. He also served on the Red Wing School Board and was president of the school board. Webster was a Republican and served in the Minnesota Senate in 1869. In 1890, Webster moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota and served as the clerk of the United States Circuit and District Court. Webster died in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
# Kenneth "Ken" Weeks

Kenneth Loxton Weeks (born 5 October 1913) is an Australian supercentenarian who, at the age of 111 years, 157 days, is the oldest living person in Australia and the second oldest verified man in Australian history.
He is currently the fourth oldest living man in the world.

## Biography
### Early life

Weeks was born on 5 October 1913 at his grandparents' house, located on Dovedale Street in Grafton, New South Wales, near the banks of the Clarence River. He was the first of five children born to Darcy Edwin Weeks and Dorothy Forster (nee Loxton). As a child, his family moved to a riverside farm located in Swan Creek, and he would later attend Grafton High School. After leaving school he worked for the Model Homes Company that did road constructing work, but as he was mechanically minded he followed that up with operating a service station in Brisbane, and in partnership with Charles Alvey in Grafton operated a car dealership. In 1941, at the start of World War II, Weeks married Jean McPhee (1911–1986), and they had two sons, Ian and Noel.
During World War II, he applied to join the Royal Australian Air Force, but at a height of just 1.5 meters, his short stature led to him being turned away. After World War II, he set up a radio and electrical sales and repair business at 59 Prince St, which he operated for several years before later replacing it with a milk bar. Weeks had many occupations throughout his working life, with him working on construction jobs like putting up roads and constructing wartime airfields at Evans Head. He was also a truck driver, a petrol station operator, and an employee at the Grafton Match Factory. After World War II, he set up a radio and electrical sales and repair business at 59 Prince St, which he operated for several years before later replacing it with a milk bar.

### Later life

Weeks's wife died in 1986 after 45 years of marriage. Following this he lived independently until the age of 104. Shortly before turning 105, he moved to a nursing home in Grafton.
Ken Weeks currently lives in Clarence Valley, New South Wales, Australia at the age of 111 years, 157 days.

## Health and longevity
### Longevity

Following the death of 110-year-old Frank Mawer on 17 September 2022, Weeks became the oldest known living man in Australia at almost 109.
In October 2023, he celebrated his 110th birthday and in doing so became a supercentenarian.
Weeks is a fan of Heinz Baked Beans, therefore, on his 110th birthday Heinz commemorated special cans of beans for him.
Following the death of 111-year-old Olga Abate on 5 June 2024, he became the oldest known living person in Australia, turning 111 himself exactly four months later on.
He is currently the 17th oldest verified person from Australia.
# Arnulf Ueland

Arnuff Ueland, Jr. (June 21, 1920 – July 15, 2004) was an American businessman and politician.
Ueland was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and graduated from West High School in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He went to Dartmouth College and received his bachelor's degree in political science from University of Minnesota in 1943. Ueland served in the United States Navy during World War II. Ueland lived in North Mankato, Minnesota with his wife and family. He owned the Ueland Lumber Sales Company. Ueland served in the Minnesota Senate from 1973 to 1980. He was a Republican. He died at St. Joseph's Hospital in Mankato, Minnesota.
# St. Martin's Episcopal Church (Showell, Maryland)

St. Martin's Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located on Route 113 at the intersection with Route 589 in Showell, Worcester County, Maryland. Much of the original Flemish bond brick structure is retained. Built as the first parish church of Worcester Parish, which had been established in 1753, it was started in 1756 and completed in 1759. Attendance dwindled after St. Paul's Episcopal Church was established in nearby Berlin in 1824, and by the end of the century the facility was used only sporadically.
By the 1970s the facility was in serious disrepair. The St. Martins's Church Foundation was established in 1993 to organize its restoration, and now operates the building as St. Martin's Episcopal Church Museum. The museum accurately preserves the original interior.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## Architecture

St. Martin's Church is a rectangular-plan Georgian styled church constructed of brick laid in Flemish bond with glazed headers. The church is oriented with the main entrance to the south, a secondary entrance to the west, and the communion table to the east. The south facade is three bays wide, with the central bay occupied by the doorway and a large transom which extends to the height of the neighboring windows. The east and north sides of the church each have two bays. The west facade features a central doorway surmounted by a window which opens into the gallery. All window and door openings, with the exception of the west door and window, are topped with jack arches with raised keystones executed in rubbed bricks.
The interior of the church is laid out in two aisles running east and west, with a gallery extending across the west end, accessed by a staircase in the southwest corner of the building. Centered on the north wall of the church is the pulpit, which is crowned with a simple sounding board. The communion table, positioned on a raised platform, is centered on the east wall of the church. Original brick pavers still cover the aisles. The entire nave is covered by a barrel vaulted ceiling.
# Stumpf Field

Stumpf Field is a baseball-only stadium in Manheim Township, Pennsylvania that opened in 1938. It was built as the home of the Lancaster Red Roses baseball team, who played in the Interstate, Piedmont, and Eastern Leagues through 1961. The ballpark is now used for intramural and high school baseball. This field was donated to the Red Rose players by John G. Stumpf, owner of Stumpf Oil, among other foundations and monuments throughout Lancaster County.

## History

Built in 1938, Stumpf Field is a simple ballpark with makeshift bleachers down each baseline. The ballpark once had covered bleachers behind home plate, but they have been taken down. The seating on both the first and third baselines is still in place, and most of its original wooden frame remains.
The Lancaster Red Roses played at Stumpf Field from 1938 to 1961. The team folded in 1961, and Stumpf Field has since been relegated as a local baseball and softball venue. It was sold to Jeff Sweigart, owner of McMinn's Asphalt and a baseball enthusiast, in 2003 and renovated for local baseball leagues for players ages 20–40, as well as for 40 and older. Stumpf Field was the home of the Millersville University Marauders baseball team before the 2007 season until a new stadium was erected on campus.
# Anolis griseus

Anolis griseus, the Saint Vincent's tree anole or Saint Vincent tree anole, is a species of anole lizard.

## Geographic range

It is endemic to Saint Vincent, an island in the Caribbean Lesser Antilles that is part of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is one of two anole species on Saint Vincent, the other being the much smaller A. trinitatis.

## Description

Saint Vincent's tree anole can reach a length of 136 mm snout-to-vent. Its dorsal surface is mossy gray-brown, occasionally with a yellow tint on its face and limbs. Its belly is pale green or yellow-gray, and its dewlap is dull orange. It has irregular dark markings on its body.

## Behavior

It usually perches high, but sometimes descends to the ground.
# Trigg H. Knutson

Trigg H. Knutson (March 17, 1879 – November 17, 1952) was an American politician and businessman.
Knutson was born in Murray County, Minnesota and went to St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota He lived in Slayton, Minnesota with his wife and family. Slayton operated a grocery business and was also involved in the railroad, mining, and oil businesses. Knutson served on the Slayton School Board and was the chair. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1947 until his death in 1952. Knutson died at his home in Slayton, Minnesota from a heart ailment.
# Ithaca discography

The British metalcore band Ithaca have released two studio albums, two extended plays (EPs), nine singles and seven music videos. The band were formed in London in 2012. Their current lineup consists of vocalist Djamila Boden Azzouz, guitarists Sam Chetan-Welsh and Will Sweet, bassist Dom Moss and drummer James Lewis. In 2014, Ithaca self-released their debut extended play, Narrow the Way. The following year, the band released their second EP, Trespassers, through Church of Fuck and Soaked in Torment Records. Ithaca recorded their debut album The Language of Injury in 2017. Founding bassist Drew Haycock left the band following its completion. Due to "various reasons", it would not see a release until 2019, through Holy Roar Records.
In September 2020, Ithaca left Holy Roar after the label's founder was accused of sexual misconduct. In October, they released a cover of "Hold Fast Hope" by Thrice for a compilation organised by the 2000trees festival. In May 2021, Ithaca signed to Hassle Records and reissued The Language of Injury through the label. The band's second and final album, They Fear Us (2022), was their first and only album to chart in the United Kingdom, debuting at number 46 on the UK Independent Albums Chart. In 2025, Ithaca plan to disband after releasing one final single and performing at the ArcTanGent festival in August.

## Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | UK | UK Ind. |
| The Language of Injury | Released: 1 February 2019 Label: Holy Roar Format: CD, LP | — | — |
| They Fear Us | Released: 29 July 2022 Label: Hassle Format: CD, LP | — | 46 |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory ||||

## Extended plays

List of extended plays :
| Title | EP details |
| Narrow the Way | Released: 1 March 2014 Label: Self-released Format: Digital download |
| Trespassers | Released: 17 July 2015 Label: Church of Fuck, Soaked in Torment Format: 7" vinyl, digital download |

## Singles

List of singles, showing associated albums :
| Title | Year | Album |
| "Narrow the Way" | 2014 | Narrow the Way |
| "The Language of Injury" | 2018 | The Language of Injury |
| "Slow Negative Order" | 2018 | The Language of Injury |
| "Impulse Crush" | 2019 | The Language of Injury |
| "Hold Fast Hope" | 2020 | Vhiessu - A 2000trees Tribute |
| "They Fear Us" | 2022 | They Fear Us |
| "In the Way" | 2022 | They Fear Us |
| "Camera Eats First" | 2022 | They Fear Us |
| "The Future Says Thank You" | 2022 | They Fear Us |

## Music videos

List of music videos, with directors, along with albums :
| Title | Year | Director(s) | Album |
| "Otherworldly" | 2015 | Nathan Aspell and Drew Haycock | Trespassers |
| "The Language of Injury" | 2018 | N/A | The Language of Injury |
| "Impulse Crush" | 2019 | Paul Cooke | The Language of Injury |
| "Hold Fast Hope" | 2020 | N/A | Vhiessu - A 2000trees Tribute |
| "They Fear Us" | 2022 | Paul Cooke | They Fear Us |
| "Camera Eats First" | 2022 | Paul Cooke | They Fear Us |
| "Fluorescent" | 2023 | Paul Cooke | They Fear Us |
# Chop–Tysa

    For the city, see Chop, Ukraine.
Chop–Tysa is a land border crossing between Ukraine and Hungary on the Ukrainian side, near the village of Solomonovo, Uzhhorod Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast.
The crossing is situated on Highway M06. Across the border on the Hungarian side is the town of Zahony, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Northern Great Plain.
The type of crossing is automobile. The types of transportation for automobile crossings are passenger and freight. Pedestrian and bicycle movement is closed.
The port of entry is part of the Tysa customs post of Chop customs.
# Byrchall High School

Byrchall High School is a secondary school and specialist mathematics and English school with academy status, in Ashton-in-Makerfield within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester.

## Admissions

It has a mixed intake of both boys and girls aged 11–16. The current pupil population is approximately 1,200. The current headteacher is Alan Birchall. Byrchall High School is one of three secondary schools in Ashton, the other two being St Edmund Arrowsmith Catholic High School, next to Byrchall High School, and Cansfield High School.
The school is situated between the A49 and the M6 on the southern edge of the Wigan borough, neighbouring Haydock in the borough of St Helens.

## History
### Grammar school

The school was founded in 1588 as Ashton Grammar School by Robert Byrchall on land donated by wealthy local land owner William Gerard. The original building in Seneley Green is now Garswood Library. Through the school, Ashton-in-Makerfield Grammar School Old Boys F.C. (now known as Ashtonians AFC) entered the Lancashire Amateur Football League in 1951.
After the Second World War a prisoner-of-war camp for Germans, POW Camp 50, operated at its site. One of its inmates was footballer Bert Trautmann who was confined there until 1948.
In 1960, Lancashire Education Committee proposed to amalgamate the school with Upholland Grammar School when the school had around 450 pupils. The school was administered by Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council from April 1974. By 1973 the school had 700 pupils and 800 by 1975.

### Comprehensive

It became a comprehensive school in 1978.

### Academy

The school became an academy on 1 October 2012.

## Alumni
### Seneley Green Grammar School

* Saint Edmund Bryan Arrowsmith, (1585 – 28 August 1628)

### Ashton-in-Makerfield Grammar School

* Sir George Bishop CB OBE, Chairman from 1972-79 of Booker-McConnell, President from 1957-58 of the International Sugar Council, President from 1983-87 of the Royal Geographical Society
* Prof Rodney Robert Porter FRS, biochemist, won the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the structure of antibodies, Whitley Professor of Biochemistry from 1967-85 at the University of Oxford
* Sir John Randall FRS, physicist who invented the cavity magnetron, currently found in microwave ovens

### Byrchall High School

* Jane Bruton, Chairman in 2007 of the British Society of Magazine Editors, and Editor from 2005-15 of Grazia and from 2001-01 of Eve
* Lemn Sissay, BAFTA-nominated writer and broadcaster
* Kym Marsh, award winning actress, presenter and singer.