# Moulins, Allier

Moulins (French pronunciation: , Molins in Bourbonnais oïl dialect); is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. It is located on the river Allier.
Among its many tourist attractions are the Maison Mantin, the Anne de Beaujeu Museum, and The National Center of Costume and Scenography.

## Geography

Moulins is located on the banks of the river Allier.
Moulins-sur-Allier station, in the centre of the town, has direct trains to Paris (Gare de Bercy), which take about 2 hours 25 minutes. The A79 motorway passes south of the town. Montbeugny Airport is a small airport located near Moulins.

## History

Before the French Revolution, Moulins was the capital of the province of Bourbonnais and the seat of the Dukes of Bourbon. It appears in documented records at least as far back as the year 990. In 1232, Archambaud VIII, Sire de Bourbon granted a franchise to the village's inhabitants.
The town achieved greater prominence in 1327, when Charles IV elevated Louis I de Clermont to Duke of Bourbon. Either Louis or the later Peter II, Duke of Bourbon and of Auvergne moved the capital of the province from Bourbon-l'Archambault to Moulins.
    Note: This article in French suggests Pierre II moved the capital, while the local tourism website (also in French) suggests it was Louis I.
In February 1566 it became eponymous to the Edict of Moulins, an important royal ordinance dealing with many aspects of the administration of justice and feudal and ecclesiastical privilege, including limitations on the appanages held by French princes, abrogation of the levy of rights of tallage claimed by seigneurs over their dependants, and provisions for a system of concessions on rivers.
This was the birthplace of the great 19th-century operatic baritone and art collector Jean-Baptiste Faure. In the 20th century, Coco Chanel went to school in Moulins as an orphan, before moving to Paris, where she became a fashion designer and major innovator in women's clothing.

## Politics and administration
### Territorial division

Moulins is the prefecture of Allier, even though it is not the most populated commune of the department.

### Elections to municipal and intercommunal councils
#### Mayors of Moulins

The position of mayor has existed in Moulins since 1518. The current mayor is Pierre-André Périssol, in office since 1995 and last re-elected at the 2020 elections.
List of successive mayors of Moulins since the liberation of France :
| In office | In office | Name | Party | Capacity |
| August 1944 | May 1945 | Jean Dufloux | | |
| May 1945 | October 1947 | Henri Gromolard | CNR | |
| October 1947 | March 1959 | Maurice Tinland | | |
| March 1959 | 1971 | Jacques Pligot | RI | |
| 1971 | 1989 | Hector Rolland | RPR | Deputy for Allier (1968–1981 & 1986–1988) |
| 1989 | 25 June 1995 | Paul Chauvat | DVD | |
| 25 June 1995 | Incumbent | Pierre-André Périssol | RPR then UMP then LR | Minister of Housing (2002–2007) |

### Other elections

| Election | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 1st round | 2nd round | 2nd round | 2nd round | 2nd round | 2nd round | 2nd round | 2nd round | 2nd round | 2nd round |
| Election | 1st | 1st | % | 2nd | 2nd | % | 3rd | 3rd | % | 4th | 4th | % | 1st | 1st | % | 2nd | 2nd | % | 3rd | 3rd | % |
| 2014 - European | | UMP | 25.04 | | FN | 21.53 | | PS | 16.31 | | UDI | 10.74 | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. |
| 2015 - Regional | | UMP | 38.14 | | PS | 22.93 | | FN | 20.52 | | PCF | 7.90 | | UMP | 44.77 | | PS-PCF-EELV | 36.81 | | FN | 18.42 |
| 2017 - Presidential | | LREM | 26.61 | | LR | 21.15 | | LFI | 19.94 | | FN | 18.22 | | LREM | 70.71 | | FN | 29.29 | No 3rd party. | No 3rd party. | No 3rd party. |
| 2017 - Legislative | | LR | 29.79 | | LREM | 28.61 | | PCF | 17.28 | | FN | 8.54 | | LREM | 50.42 | | PCF | 49.58 | No 3rd party. | No 3rd party. | No 3rd party. |
| 2019 - European | | FN | 22.71 | | LREM | 21.77 | | LR | 11.93 | | EELV | 9.82 | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. | Single round election only. |
| 2020 - Municipal | | LR | 45.89 | | DVD | 29.70 | | PCF | 21.83 | | LO | 2.56 | | LR | 48.14 | | DVD | 30.82 | | PCF | 21.03 |

### International relations

Moulins is twinned with:
* Bad Vilbel, Germany since 26 October 1990
* Montepulciano, Italy

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 13,249 | — |
| 1800 | 13,509 | +0.28% |
| 1806 | 14,101 | +0.72% |
| 1821 | 13,697 | −0.19% |
| 1831 | 14,672 | +0.69% |
| 1836 | 15,231 | +0.75% |
| 1841 | 15,377 | +0.19% |
| 1846 | 17,110 | +2.16% |
| 1851 | 17,318 | +0.24% |
| 1856 | 18,069 | +0.85% |
| 1861 | 17,581 | −0.55% |
| 1866 | 19,890 | +2.50% |
| 1872 | 20,385 | +0.41% |
| 1876 | 21,774 | +1.66% |
| 1881 | 21,156 | −0.57% |
| 1886 | 21,721 | +0.53% |
| 1891 | 22,665 | +0.85% |
| 1896 | 22,215 | −0.40% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 22,340 | +0.11% |
| 1906 | 21,888 | −0.41% |
| 1911 | 21,990 | +0.09% |
| 1921 | 22,968 | +0.44% |
| 1926 | 23,306 | +0.29% |
| 1931 | 22,225 | −0.95% |
| 1936 | 22,369 | +0.13% |
| 1946 | 23,254 | +0.39% |
| 1954 | 24,441 | +0.62% |
| 1962 | 23,909 | −0.27% |
| 1968 | 25,979 | +1.39% |
| 1975 | 26,067 | +0.05% |
| 1982 | 25,159 | −0.51% |
| 1990 | 22,799 | −1.22% |
| 1999 | 21,892 | −0.45% |
| 2007 | 20,251 | −0.97% |
| 2012 | 18,959 | −1.31% |
| 2017 | 19,664 | +0.73% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Museums

* Centre National du Costume de Scene (museum)

## Notable people

* Antoine Gilbert Griffet de Labaume (1756–1805), translator and man of letters
* Théodore de Banville (1823–1891), poet and playwright
* Jean Pastelot (1820–1870), painter and caricaturist
* Coco Chanel, fashion designer, started as a cabaret singer
* Philippe N'Dioro, footballer
* Jean-Luc Perrot (born 1959), pipe organ player and composer
* Stéphane Risacher, basketball player for the French national team
* Jean-Baptiste Faure, opera singer
* Samuel Paty, slain teacher
* Claude Louis Hector de Villars (1653–1734), Marshal General of France
* Gilbert Mercier (1957), author of "The Orwellian Empire" and journalist
* Louis Jacques Brunet (1811), ancient professor of natural history
* James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670–1734)
* Rahel Shtainshnaider, footballer
* Antoine Dauvergne (1713-1797), composer

## Notable companies

* Decauville factory
* Manitowoc Company

## Climate

Climate data for Moulins (Yzeure) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) | 25.8 (78.4) | 26.0 (78.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 33.2 (91.8) | 40.9 (105.6) | 43.2 (109.8) | 42.0 (107.6) | 36.1 (97.0) | 31.9 (89.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 19.0 (66.2) | 43.2 (109.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) | 8.6 (47.5) | 13.2 (55.8) | 16.8 (62.2) | 20.6 (69.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.1 (80.8) | 22.4 (72.3) | 17.0 (62.6) | 11.0 (51.8) | 7.6 (45.7) | 16.9 (62.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.0 (46.4) | 10.9 (51.6) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.5 (65.3) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.5 (68.9) | 16.3 (61.3) | 12.4 (54.3) | 7.4 (45.3) | 4.5 (40.1) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.7 (36.9) | 4.9 (40.8) | 8.9 (48.0) | 12.4 (54.3) | 14.2 (57.6) | 13.9 (57.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 7.8 (46.0) | 3.8 (38.8) | 1.3 (34.3) | 6.8 (44.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −12.0 (10.4) | −5.3 (22.5) | −1.2 (29.8) | 2.2 (36.0) | 5.0 (41.0) | 3.0 (37.4) | −0.9 (30.4) | −6.8 (19.8) | −9.0 (15.8) | −15.2 (4.6) | −21.0 (−5.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 60.1 (2.37) | 49.5 (1.95) | 51.9 (2.04) | 64.9 (2.56) | 81.1 (3.19) | 70.8 (2.79) | 67.6 (2.66) | 63.5 (2.50) | 67.6 (2.66) | 70.6 (2.78) | 83.0 (3.27) | 65.1 (2.56) | 795.7 (31.33) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.0 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 11.1 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 123.4 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||