# Gedenkdienst

Gedenkdienst is a concept in Austria aimed at young people to face and take responsibility for the darkest chapters of the country's history while being financially supported by Austrian government.
Founded in Austria in 1992 by Andreas Maislinger, the Gedenkdienst is an alternative to Austria's compulsory national military service as well as a volunteering platform for Austrians to work in Holocaust and Jewish culture-related institutions around the world with governmental financial support.
The Austrian Gedenkdienst seeks to serve the remembrance of the crimes of Nazism, commemorates its victims and supports Jewish cultural future. The program is rooted in the acknowledgment of responsibility by the Austrian government for the crimes committed by the Nazis.

## History
### Origin

The historian, political scientist and scientific director of the Braunau Contemporary History Days Andreas Maislinger promoted the idea of an alternative to the compulsory military service dedicated to the research, understanding and remembrance of the Holocaust as well as the commemoration of its victims since the late 1970s.
In 1991 Austrian chancellor Franz Vranitzky was the first chancellor of Austria to admit to and acknowledge the Austrian people's share of responsibility for the crimes committed by National Socialism during WWII. The new approach rejected the then established myth of Austria merely being the first victim of Nazism. This signaled a new approach within the Austrian political establishment regarding its stance and treatment of Austria's and Austrians' roles during the time of National Socialism.
Following these events, the Austrian government vouched to finance a Gedenkdienst with the first Austrian Holocaust Memorial Servant starting in 1992.
After amendments to Austrian law in 2014, women or men who are not required to perform civilian service have also been able to perform memorial service and receive the same state funding since 2014. Moreover, a new amendment, which came into force in September 2023, increased the financial resources for those performing memorial service and opened up the possibility of continuing memorial service in Austria in the event of disasters such as the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, there is now a centralised record of completed memorial service.

## Acknowledgment

   I follow the works of the Gedenkdienst with great interest and the organization has my full support.
   I often claimed there is no Austrian association which sends young people to Israel, like the German organization “Aktion Sühnezeichen”. It touched me to read there is now, thanks to the possibility to perform the Austrian civilian service within the framework of the Gedenkdienst.
   As a former Polish political prisoner of a fascist Concentration Camp and historian of World War II, I want to take the honoring opportunity to speak in front of the high house. I want to thank all the young Austrians, which work so hard for the remembrance of the past. Here I specially think of the people of the documentation archive of the Austrian resistance under the leadership of Prof. Wolfgang Neugebauer, the Austrian Camp Community Mauthausen, the Gedenkdienst, and also the local initiatives of the communities Gusen, Langenstein und St. Georgen in Oberösterreich, the working circle for homeland, memorial and history care.
   I thank you for the information about the positive result from your accomplished Gedenkdienst.
   The Gedenkdienst is a very impressive initiative.
   I feel very close to this organization and I have great respect for the servants, because what they achieve is the right way for Austria – to look the past directly into the eyes and to do something against it. Not to say, we were the first victims.
   I like to support and recommend the Gedenkdienst initiative. It is a real service which can be and should be provided by young people.
   Many people have no idea what those young Austrians achieve for themselves, that they straighten up their backbones, so they can walk straight again, also myself, who belongs to this generation.
   I consider the project Gedenkdienst as an important and valuable initiative in the service of peace and the peoples' communication.
   Gedenkdienst is remembrance work, which is also a bridge between “Yesterday's World” and the modern and democratic Austria. It also is a reminder that today's values like a sense of responsibility and moral courage did not lose their importance.
   Each Generation has to be aware of the horror of the past, to be able to build a new world of peace and respect for human rights. The project Gedenkdienst serves this important challenge of sensitizing for the meaning of the words “Never forget.

## Supporting associations
### Association Never Forget from 1994 to 2017

The association provided positions in 19 memorial sites in Germany and Poland. The association "Never Forget" took an active part in youth work against forgetting. The association stopped operations and became defunct in 2017.

### Austrian Service Abroad since 1998 (Österreichischer Auslandsdienst)

Andreas Hörtnagl and Andreas Maislinger founded the organization "Austrian Service Abroad" in 1998.
The organization is the largest in Austria and sends Auslandsdiener to six continents of the world to accomplish Holocaust commemoration work, social services and peace services. The Austrian Service Abroad is characterized by offering three types of service: the Gedenkdienst, the Austrian Social Service and the Austrian Peace Service. In May 2023, Maislinger stepped down as chairman after public criticism for alleged abuse of power.

### The Gedenkdienst since 1992

The Gedenkdienst association was founded in 1992 by Walter Guggenberger (SPÖ), Andreas Hörtnagl (ÖVP) and Andreas Maislinger (non-party) to raise awareness about the Holocaust, its causes and consequences. In 2008, female volunteers were supported for the first time by the newly created Geschwister Mezei Fund. This was set up with the aim of offering women the opportunity to perform memorial service under the same conditions as those doing alternative civilian service. This was made possible for all sponsoring organisations with the amendment to the Volunteer Act in 2014. This organisation received the Leon Zelman Prize in 2013.
In addition to its volunteer activities, the Gedenkdienst also offers events and projects in the field of historical and political education.

## Partner organizations

| Country | City | Site |
| Argentina | Buenos Aires | Asociación Filantrópica Israelita (AFI) – Hogar Adolfo Hirsch (San Miguel) |
| Australia | Melbourne | Jewish Holocaust Museum and Research Centre |
| Belgium | Brüssel | CegeSoma - Centre d'Ètude Guerre et Sociéte |
| Belgium | Brüssel | European Union of Jewish Students |
| Brazil | São Paulo | Jüdisches Museum von São Paulo |
| Brazil | Petrópolis | Casa Stefan Zweig |
| China | Shanghai | Center of Jewish Studies |
| Germany | Augsburg | Jüdisches Museum Augsburg Schwaben |
| Germany | Berchtesgaden | Dokumentation Obersalzberg |
| Germany | Berlin | Anne Frank Zentrum |
| Germany | Berlin | Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand |
| Germany | Berlin | Jüdisches Museum Berlin |
| Germany | Berlin | Stiftung Neue Synagoge Berlin |
| Germany | Fürstenberg/Havel | Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ravensbrück |
| Germany | München | Jüdisches Museum München |
| Germany | Oranienburg | Gedenkstätte Sachsenhausen |
| Germany | Wolfenbüttel | Stiftung niedersächsische Gedenkstätten - Gedenkstätte in der JVA Wolfenbüttel |
| Estonia | Tallinn | Vabamu Museum of Occupations and Freedom |
| France | Oradour-sur-Glane | Centre de la Mémoire d’Oradour |
| France | Paris | Amicale de Mauthausen |
| France | Paris | Bibliothèque et archives d'alliance Israélite Universelle |
| France | Paris | Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation |
| Greece | Athen | Jewish Museum of Greece |
| Greece | Chania | Etz Hayyim Synagogue |
| Israel | Akkon | Ghetto Fighter’s House Museum |
| Israel | Jerusalem | Leo Baeck Institut |
| Israel | Jerusalem | Yad Vashem |
| Israel | Tel Aviv | Anitta Müller-Cohen Elternheim |
| Israel | Tel Aviv | The Liebling Haus - White City Center |
| Israel | Tel Aviv | Wiener Library for the Study of the Nazi Era and the Holocaust - Elias Sourasky Central Library |
| Israel | Tel Aviv | Zikaron BaSalon |
| Italy | Mailand | Centro Di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea |
| Italy | Marzabotto | Scuola Di Pace Di Monte Sole |
| Italy | Prato | Museo della Deportazione |
| Italy | Predappio | Comune di Predappio |
| Italy | Rom | Fondazione Museo della Shoah |
| Italy | Rom | Jüdisches Museum Rom |
| Italy | Triest | Jüdische Gemeinde Triest |
| Japan | Tokio | Tokyo Holocaust Education and Resource Center |
| Canada | Montreal | Holocaust Education and Genocide Prevention Foundation |
| Canada | Montreal | Montreal Holocaust Museum |
| Canada | Toronto | The Azrieli Foundation |
| Canada | Toronto | Toronto Holocaust Museum |
| Canada | Vancouver | The Vancouver Holocaust Centre |
| Croatia | Jasenovac | Jasenovac Memorial Site |
| Latvia | Riga | Museum „Juden in Lettland“ |
| Latvia | Riga | Museum of the Occupation of Latvia |
| Latvia | Riga | Žanis Lipke Memorial |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | Vilna Gaon Museum of Jewish History |
| Mauritius | Senneville Riviere des Anguilles | Island Hebrew Congregation Senneville Riviere des Anguilles |
| New Zealand | Wellington | Holocaust Centre of New Zealand |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | Anne Frank Stichting |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | Niederländisches Widerstandsmuseum |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | Stiftung Jüdisch Historisches Museum - Jewish Cultural Quarter |
| Poland | Krakau | Galicia Jewish Museum |
| Poland | Lublin | KZ-Gedenkstätte Majdanek |
| Poland | Oświęcim | Auschwitz Jewish Center |
| Poland | Oświęcim | Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau |
| Poland | Warschau | Museum der Geschichte der polnischen Juden |
| Portugal | Porto | Holocaust Museum of Oporto |
| Romania | Nusfalau | Holocaust Museum in Nordtransilvanien |
| Russia | Moskau | Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center |
| Russia | Moskau | Russisches Forschungs- und Bildungszentrum „Holocaust“ |
| Serbia | Belgrad | Verband der jüdischen Gemeinden Serbiens – Jüdisches historisches Museum |
| Sweden | Stockholm | Schwedisches Holocaustmuseum |
| Sweden | Uppsala | The Uppsala Programme for Holocaust and Genocide Studies |
| Switzerland | Zürich | Hugo Mendel Stiftung |
| Singapore | Singapur | The Jews of Singapore Museum |
| Slovenia | Laibach | Nationalmuseum der Zeitgeschichte |
| South Africa | Durban | Durban Holocaust & Genocide Education Centre |
| South Africa | Kapstadt | Cape Town Holocaust & Genocide Centre |
| South Africa | Johannesburg | Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Education Centre |
| Taiwan | Taipeh | Jeffrey D. Schwartz & Na Tang Jewish Taiwan Cultural Association |
| Czech Republic | Prag | Institut Theresienstädter Initiative |
| Czech Republic | Prag | Jüdische Gemeinde Prag |
| Czech Republic | Theresienstadt | Jugendbegegnungsstätte Theresienstadt |
| Hungary | Budapest | Jewish Community Center Budapest |
| Hungary | Budapest | Tom Lantos Institut |
| United States | Dallas | Ackerman Center for Holocaust Studies |
| United States | Los Angeles | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust |
| United States | Los Angeles | Simon Wiesenthal Center |
| United States | Los Angeles | USC Shoah Foundation for Visual History and Education |
| United States | New York | American Jewish Committee |
| United States | New York | Aristides de Sousa Mendes Foundation |
| United States | New York | Leo Baeck Institute |
| United States | New York | Museum of Jewish Heritage |
| United States | Richmond | Virginia Holocaust Museum |
| United States | Washington, D.C. | Capital Jewish Museum |
| United States | Washington, D.C. | United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |
| United Kingdom | London | Nightingale Hammerson - Hammerson House |
| United Kingdom | London | Nightingale Hammerson - Nightingale House |
| United Kingdom | London | Jewish Care - Holocaust Survivors' Center |
| United Kingdom | London | JW3 Jewish Community Centre Holocaust Memorial Day Trust |
| United Kingdom | London | The Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust & Genocide |