OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tripp Family Homestead

The Tripp Family Homestead, also known as the "Tripp House", is an historic, American house that is located at 1101 N. Main Avenue in Scranton, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

## History and architectural features

The oldest portion of the house was built circa 1771 by Isaac Tripp, Scranton's first settler. Isaac Tripp II began later modification circa 1778; Isaac Tripp III further renovated the home in 1812, which left the building in a Federal style. The building stayed in the Tripp family until 1900 and is the oldest building in Lackawanna County. It is open as a special events facility.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
# Carinotetraodon irrubesco

Carinotetraodon irrubesco, known commonly as the red-tail dwarf puffer, is a freshwater pufferfish found only in the lower Banyuasin basin in South Sumatra and the Sambas River in West Kalimantan.

## Characteristics

Carinotetraodon irrubesco are small pufferfish growing to around 44 millimetres (1.7 in). They live in murky, acidic water amongst submerged vegetation alongside rasboras, pipefish, halfbeaks, and gobies. Like other species in its genus, sexual dimorphism is apparent. Males are larger and coloured brown with creamy stripes on the flanks and dorsal surface, females are smaller and mottled brown in colour with irregular markings on the ventral surface. Both sexes have red eyes but only males possess red tail fins.
Red-tail dwarf puffers are sometimes kept as an aquarium fish, but otherwise have no commercial importance.

## In Captivity

It is important that the C.irrubesco is given the provision of a very soft, fine sand substrate - at least 2cm deep (0.79 inches) - so the fish is able to wallow. They will wallow at night when resting and to escape predation during the day.
They best thrive in heavily planted tanks providing much soft leafy coverage. Moss will be used for spawning.
# Purvasha Shende

Purvasha Sudhir Shende is an Indian Archer. She won the Bronze Medal Asian Games 2014 in Incheon in the Women's team compound event along with Surekha Jyothi and Trisha Deb. She is a young budding archer the country has produced.
# David Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Crawford

David Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Crawford (died 24 January 1445) was a regent to James II of Scotland. He was a member of Clan Lindsay, a Scottish Lowland clan. He was the son of Alexander Lindsay, 2nd Earl of Crawford by his wife Marjorie or Marjory of Dunbar.
At the Battle of Arbroath in 1445 the Clan Lindsay, led by the Master of Crawford, advanced with over 1000 men. Their enemy was the Clan Ogilvy who were also supported by men from the Clan Oliphant, Clan Gordon, Clan Seton and Clan Forbes of Pitsligo. The Earl, who was the Master of Crawford's father, rode between the two armies in an attempt to call a truce. However, an ill-advised Ogilvie, thinking that this was the start of the Lindsay's attack, threw his spear at the Earl, hitting him in the mouth and killing him instantly. So the battle began which went in the Clan Lindsay's favour.

## Marriage and issue

Crawford married Marjory Ogilvie, daughter of Alexander Ogilvie of Auchterhouse. By her he had issue:
* Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford, called "Tiger Earl" or "Earl Beardie." He married Elizabeth Dunbar, of the house of March (Earl of March), and his son, David Lindsay, 5th Earl of Crawford (d.1495), was created Duke of Montrose on 18 May 1488.
* Walter Lindsay of Beaufort and Edzell, styled of Kinblethmont, had charters of the baronies of Arde and Bewfort in 1459, and of the barony of Panbride in 1463. He married first Sophia, daughter of Livingston of Saltcoats, but by her had no issue. He married again to Isabel, daughter of Livingston of Saltcoats, and had 10 children
* William Lindsay of Lekoquhy
* Sir John Lindsay (k. 1452- Battle of Brechin)
* James, who founded a house in Augsburg, Germany.
* Janet Lindsay, married William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas
* Elizabeth Lindsay
# St Michael's Church, Muncaster

St Michael's Church is in the grounds of Muncaster Castle, near Ravenglass, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Calder, the archdeaconry of West Cumberland, and the diocese of Carlisle. Its benefice is united with those of St Paul, Irton, St John the Baptist, Waberthwaite, and St Catherine, Boot. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

## History

There has been a church on the site since 1140. The present church dates from the 16th century. There have been later additions and alterations, including a restoration and addition of a north transept in 1874 by Anthony Salvin. Salvin also restored the nearby Muncaster Castle for the Barons Muncaster. Repairs and a renovation were carried out for the 2000 millennium.

## Architecture

The church is constructed in stone rubble. The roofs are in slate with stone ridges and eaves. Its plan consists of a four-bay nave, a three-bay chancel, a north transept, and a south porch. There is a gabled double bellcote on the west end of the nave, and a Sanctus bellcote on its east end. The parapets of the nave and chancel are battlemented. There are blocked doorways on the north side of the nave, and on the south side of the chancel. The windows in the nave are mullioned, those in the chancel are in Perpendicular style, and those in the transept are Decorated.
Inside the church is a king post roof. There are two fonts, one probably dating from the 17th century with a square plan, and another dated 1860, consisting of an octagonal bowl on marble columns. The stained glass in the east and west windows, dating from about 1870, are by Hardman. Elsewhere are windows from the 1880s designed by Henry Holiday for Powell's. A rare ‘Doom’ window shows St. Michael and Christ at the Last Judgement whilst the side windows depict the archangels Michael, Raphael, Uriel and Gabriel. Also in the church are monuments to the Pennington family of Muncaster Castle. The single-manual pipe organ was built in 1883 by Forster and Andrews.

## External features

The east gateway to the churchyard is listed at Grade II. It probably dates from the 19th century, it is constructed in sandstone, and it rises to form a gable over the entrance. In the churchyard to the south of the church is a high cross, parts of which date from the Anglo-Saxon era, consisting of a base and a shaft with carved decoration. Set into the same modern base is a circular cross-head. The high cross is a scheduled monument.
# Lake capture

In geology, lake capture is the process of capture (see Stream capture) of the waters collected in a lake by a neighbor river basin.
The occurrence of a lake capture is mainly controlled by the water balance at the lake's basin and the changes in topography due to erosion, sedimentation, and tectonism. If evaporation at the surface of a lake, plus the water losses through underground infiltration and plant evapotranspiration are high enough to account for all precipitation water collected by the lake, then the lake becomes endorheic, closed, or internally drained. This situation prevails until the water balance changes again and the lake overburdens the limits of its basin or until the lake capture occurs. Opening the drainage of an endorheic lacustrine basin by fluvial erosion generally implies a lake capture.
Lake captures are therefore very sensitive to the preexisting topography as well as to climatic and lithological factors. A climatic change towards more humid conditions can result in a higher water level in the internally drained basin, eventually causing overflow, this . In a longer time-scale, sediment colmatation of the lacustrine basin can also lead to overflow. Both can hinder the relative importance of the capture process carried out by erosion.
Examples include the Late Neogen capture of the endorheic Ebro Basin (capture) or the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville.
# Uecker

The Uecker (German pronunciation: ) or Ucker is a river in the northeastern German states of Brandenburg, where it is known as the Ucker, and of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It flows northward from Uckermark to the Szczecin Lagoon.

## Path

Its source lies in the Uckermark district, one kilometer north of Ringenwalde. It flows northward through several lakes. The first one is Großer Krinertsee. The next ones are rather small.
Then there are two large lakes, Lake Oberuckersee and Lake Unteruckersee, joined by the navigable section of the river, called der Kanal, with the smaller Lake Möllensee in between. The island within Oberuckersee was the residence of a Slavic ruler in the 10th century, and connected to the coast of the lake by a long wooden bridge. On the northern end of Unteruckersee the city of Prenzlau is situated, nowadays the district capital of Uckermark. In Middle Ages, it was granted urban rights by the Pomeranian Griffins earlier than Szczecin in 1234, shortly before they lost the Uckermark to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1250.
Most of the course below Unteruckersee is not navigable. An effort of the von Arnim family to prepare it for large river boats ceased after a few decades in the 19th century. Between Prenzlau and the junction of the river Köhntop, it is sometimes even difficult to travel by canoe. Near the small village of Nieden, the river arrives in (Mecklenbuurg-) Hither Pomerania, where it is called Uecker. In this country, it passes through the towns of Pasewalk, Torgelow, and Eggesin. Pasewalk, as well as Prenzlau, features some important Brick Gothic architecture.
In Eggesin, the northern section of the river Randow discharges into the Uecker. In Ueckermünde, the Uecker ends in Szczecin Lagoon, which is connected to the Baltic Sea by the three straits Peenestrom, Świna and Dziwna.
The name Ucker originates from a West Slavic language, the word vikru/vikrus, meaning 'fast' or 'quick'. The Uecker gave its name to the Uckermark historical region and to the two districts Uckermark and Uecker-Randow.

## Gallery

* Island of the gord in Oberuckersee
* The Uecker near Torgelow
* The Uecker in Ueckermünde
# Redmi K50

The Redmi K50 is a line of Android-based smartphones manufactured by Xiaomi and marketed under its Redmi sub-brand. The lineup includes the base Redmi K50 model, the more advanced Redmi K50 Pro, the gaming-focused Redmi K50G (also known as Redmi K50 Gaming), and the lite Redmi K50i model. The Redmi K50G was launched globally as the Poco F4 GT.

## Gallery

* Back of the Redmi K50
* Back of the Redmi K50G
# Paul Morgan (priest)

Paul William Morgan (born 11 August 1963) is a bishop and the former superior of the British district of the Society of St Pius X, a traditionalist Catholic organisation in irregular canonical standing with the Holy See.

## Biography

Morgan was ordained by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre at Écône on 29 June 1988. He has served in the United States and the Philippines, served as Principal of St. Michael's, the Society's school, and was Superior of the SSPX in Great Britain between 2003 and 2015. He is the son of William J. Morgan, a lay theologian who was an advocate of the sedevacantist theory. He is strongly opposed to the Second Vatican Council which he claims contain "modernist errors".
Morgan vociferously opposed the decision of the small traditionalist community known as the Transalpine Redemptorists (who had previously been associated with the Society of St. Pius X) to reconcile with the Vatican. Morgan is also opposed to any reconciliation by the SSPX with Rome, until they repudiate what he sees as their errors.
In a 2017 interview, Morgan approves of episcopal ordinations by Bp Williamson.
Paul William Morgan has been consecrated a bishop on 14 February 2022 in Cork by Bp Williamson. The co-consecrator was bp Giacomo Ballini, an Italian. Bp PW Morgan celebrated his first Pontifical High Mass on 6 August 2023 in England.
# Queponco station

Queponco is a historic United States railway station located at 8378 Patey Woods Road, Newark, Worcester County, Maryland. Constructed by the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Queponco railway station served Snow Hill, Berlin and Newark communities. The station closed in the 1960s.
Queponco was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as the Queponco railway station.

## Museum

The Queponco railway station preserves railroad heritage in the area and exhibits vintage railroad memorabilia and equipment.
# Andrographolide

Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that has been isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide is an extremely bitter substance.
Andrographolide has been studied for its effects on cell signaling, immunomodulation, and stroke. Study has shown that andrographolide may bind to a spectrum of protein targets including NF-κB and actin by covalent modification.

## Biosynthesis

While andrographolide is a relatively simple diterpene lactone, the biosynthesis by Andrographis paniculata was determined in the 2010s. Andrographolide is a member of the isoprenoid family of natural products. The precursors to isoprenoid biosynthesis, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), can be synthesized through either the mevalonic acid pathway (MVA) or deoxyxylulose pathway (DXP). Through selective C13 labeling of the precursors to both the MVA and DXP pathways, it was determined that the majority of the andrographolide precursors are synthesized through the DXP pathway. There are a small portion of andrographolide precursors synthesized through the MVA pathway. The biosynthesis of andrographolide begins with the addition of IPP to DMAPP, which forms geranyl pyrophosphate. Another molecule of IPP is then added, yielding farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). The final IPP molecule is added to the FPP to complete the backbone of the diterpene. The double bond originating from DMAPP is oxidized to an epoxide prior to the ring closing cascade that forms two six-membered rings. A series of oxidations form a five-membered lactone in addition to adding on the alcohol groups. The order of these post-synthetic modifications is not entirely known.

## Research

In 2022, a research found that the combinatorial drug of guaifenesin and andrographolide has potential anticonvulsant activity using network virtual screening. The possible mechanism of action is the two drugs synergistically affect NMDA receptors.
# Town (South Carolina)

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# Vikraman Radhakrishnan

Vikraman Radhakrishnan (born 24 August 1988) is an Indian actor and former politician who primarily works in Tamil television. He made debuted into television as a host in the talk show Nadanthathu Enna? Kutramum Pinnaniyum in 2016. Vikraman is best known for his portrayal of Vikram in Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (2016). He appeared in Tamil reality show Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6) as a contestant and later emerged as the 1st runner-up.

## Career

Radhakrishnan began his television career in 2016, he debuted in the talk show Nadanthathu Enna? Kutramum Pinnaniyum in 2016. Later that same year he made his first acting debut in the television drama EMI-Thavanai Murai Vazhkai playing the lead role as Santhosh alongside actors Pavani Reddy, Shyam Sunder and Haripriya. He later went on to act in another drama serial called Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa which aired on Star Vijay starring alongside actress Madhumila.
In 2020, Vikraman joined Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi political party and was a spokesperson from 2020 to 2022.

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Channel | Notes |
| 2016 | Nadanthathu Enna? Kutramum Pinnaniyum | Host | Star Vijay | Talk Show |
| 2016 | EMI-Thavanai Murai Vazhkai | Mahesh | Sun TV | TV Serial |
| 2016 | Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa | Vikram | Star Vijay | TV Serial |
| 2018 | Star War | Host | Sun TV | Reality TV |
| 2022–2023 | Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6) | Contestant | Star Vijay | Reality Show 1st Runner-Up |
# Protecting Our Children

Protecting Our Children is a British documentary television series about social workers in the child protection department in Bristol. Lesley Sharp narrates the series, which was shown on BBC Two from 30 January – 13 February 2012.

## Episode list

| No. | Title | Original air date |
| 1 | "Damned If They Do, Damned If They Don't" | 30 January 2012 (2012-01-30) |
| A couple who are neglecting their three-year-old son are investigated. The couple do not provide a reasonable life for him and the father is hostile and passive-aggressive towards the team. The father hits the mother, soon after which the couple separate. The son and the couple's newborn baby are taken into care permanently, the course of action that the mother decided upon. She is allowed to send a letters to her children twice a year, but not permitted to see them. The father did not make any further contact with the services. |||
| 2 | "Expecting Trouble" | 6 February 2012 (2012-02-06) |
| A couple who have had their children removed by the authorities at birth are expecting another baby. The father is violent. Both parents drink alcohol to excess, self-harm and have been homeless. Other children the father has had have also been taken into care. The baby, a daughter, is born and is later taken into care. |||
| 3 | "I Want My Baby Back" | 13 February 2012 (2012-02-13) |
# Óscar Ramírez (terrorist)

Óscar Ramírez Durand (born 16 March 1953), commonly known as Comrade Feliciano (Spanish: Camarada Feliciano), is a Peruvian convicted terrorist and former political leader who led the Shining Path, a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist terrorist group in Peru, in the 1990s.

## Biography

Ramírez is the son of a retired Peruvian general and the second of seven brothers. Being studious from a young age and enjoying mental challenges such as chess, Ramírez was awarded the medal of academic excellence from the College of Saint Francis of Assisi in Arequipa, Peru. He dropped out of engineering school and joined Shining Path, where he served as a military strategist.
Ramírez assumed control of the Shining Path after Abimael Guzmán was captured by the authorities in 1992. He rejected Guzmán's plea for the rebels to lay down their arms and continued the conflict. He travelled to Colombia where he worked with members of FARC and under his leadership, Shining Path activities increased in south central region of Peru. Two small town mayors were murdered and recruitment efforts among the rural poor of the region increased.

## Operation Cerco 1999 and imprisonment

    See also: es:Operación Cerco 99
In 1999, President Alberto Fujimori ordered a military operation in central Peru to capture Ramírez alive and eliminate the last remnants of Shining Path. Over 2,000 army troops were deployed to the region, where they engaged in sporadic fire fights with Shining Path forces. A female guerrilla, starving due to being cut off from all food and supplies, surrendered and provided information on Ramírez's whereabouts, and with this information, he was captured without incident in July 1999. He was transported to a military base where he was interrogated by Vladimiro Montesinos, the head of National Intelligence Service (SIN).
In August 1999, he was prosecuted by a military court that sentenced him to life in prison without the chance for parole in a high security prison at a naval base in Lima.
In June 2006, Ramírez was sentenced to 24 years in prison in a civilian trial. He is currently being held at the naval base in Callao and is due for release in June 2023.
His reduced sentence was a result of his collaboration with the authorities and enmity towards Guzmán: in 2003 he described him to Caretas magazine as a "psychopath" and said that Guzmán "was always a coward and a traitor". He went as far as declaring, before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, his renewed belief in democracy, his call for remaining subversives to lay down their arms, his expectation for new civilian trials and his condolences for the victims of the conflict. Caretas has also published extracts from his conversations with the former head of the National Intelligence Service, Vladimiro Montesinos, in which family links between the two emerged, both being cousins.
In March 2013, he testified in the trial of the recently imprisoned leader, Comrade Artemio. During the hearing, he apologized to the country for the crimes committed by Shining Path.
# Ndvungunye

Ndvungunye (also known as Zikodze, Zwane, Mavuso II) was King of Swaziland from 1780 until his death in 1815 after succeeding his father, King Ngwane III following a very brief regency of Ndlovukati LaYaka Ndwandwe. Very little has been recorded of the quality of leadership under his reign. Ndvungunye built his residence or Sigodlo near Mhlosheni on feet of the eMhlosheni hills in Shiselweni, the south east of modern Swaziland near Zombodze, where his father Ngwane had settled during his reign. His rule thus indicated a period of limited expansion and consolidation which is overshadowed by that of his son King Sobhuza I. The NShiselweni settlements established under his reign which he placed under the guardianship of his chief Sukumbili Mbokane would not however provide a solid foundation for the future Swazi state as indicated by attacks after his death on Sobhuza by Ndwandwe chiefs. Ndvungunye died around 1815 after being struck by lightning. Ndvungunye was married to Lojiba Simelane and Somnjalose Simelane. It was with the latter that he had his son Sobhuza I. Lojiba however became Queen mother as she was a senior sister to Somnjalose. Sobhuza I became the king in 1815 after the regency of Queen Lomvula Mndzebele.

## Biography

Ingwenyama Ndvungunye was born in about 1760 as a son of Ngwane III and Inkhosikati Lomvula Mndzebele. He succeeded his father Ngwane in 1780. When Ndvungunye became king, the centre of royal power in Swaziland was located in the south of the country in present-day NShiselweni. As a result, Ndvungunye had his royal kraal at NShiselweni at the foothills of the eMhlosheni mountains. The governors of his royal kraal were Mahagane Hlophe, and Lahaha Mbokane a son of Chief Sukumbili Mbokane. The Ndlovukati's residence and royal kraal was at Lobamba and the governor there was Danisile Nkambule. During his kingship, the most powerful chiefdoms in the region were the Ndwandwe and Mtetwa. Ndvungunye oversaw limited expansion and consolidation of the Ngwane people. The Swazi/Ngwane settlements in Shiselweni gained more wealth and military power in the form of cattle and population growth. However the Shiselweni settlements were vulnerable to attacks by the rival Ndwandwe clans who were residing south, near the Phongola river. These were to be seen later under the kingship of his son Sobhuza I.

### Family and successors

Ndvungunye had several wives and many children. The most famous of his children was Sobhuza I who he had with Somnjalose Simelane. The incomplete list of Ndvungunye's children is as follows:
* Ngwenyama Somhlolo ( Sobhuza I, Ngwane IV )
* Prince Malunge
* Prince Magwegwe
* Prince Ngwekati
* Prince Phungodze
* Prince Sobandla
* Prince Sobhiyoze
* Prince Sobokazane
* Prince Ndlovu
* Prince Ngcayini
* Prince Fetshane
* Prince Cebisa
* Prince Mphondvo
* Prince Taba
* Prince Luhlavane

### Legacy

There is presently a school called Ndvungunye Primary school located in Mzinsangu.
Regnal titles :
| Preceded byLaYaka Ndwandwe (Queen Regent) | King of Swaziland 1780-1815 | Succeeded byLomvula Mndzebele (Queen Regent) |