OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Merkur (toy)

Merkur refers to a metal construction set built in Czechoslovakia (later the Czech Republic). It was also referred to as Constructo or Build-O in English-speaking countries and Tecc in the Netherlands.
Unlike Erector/Meccano, which was based on Imperial/customary measurements, Merkur used metric. There is 1×1 cm raster of connection holes on building parts, connected by M3.5 screws.
The brand was launched in 1920 and ran until 1940 when World War II put a halt to production. It was resumed in 1947. The private company was closed down and its assets nationalised by the Communist Czechoslovak state in 1953. The Merkur toys were made throughout the communist period and were exported all over Europe. The company was privatized by some of the former employees after 1989, but went into insolvency in 1993. Later on, Jaromír Kříž bought out the company and during three years he got back the production and saved this renowned Czech toy.
In 1961, Otto Wichterle used Merkur based apparatus for experimental production of the first soft contact lenses.
The factory and Merkur museum are located in Police nad Metují, Czech Republic.
Merkur also produces a wide range of toys, including metal 0 scale model trains and steam engines.
# Warwick Schiller

Warwick Schiller is a horse trainer, author, and podcaster who was born in Young, New South Wales, Australia. After moving to the United States to begin training horses, he became an NRHA (National Reining Horse Association) Reserve World Champion. He also represented Australia at the 2010 & 2018 World Equestrian Games. His training philosophy combines natural horsemanship with elements of psychology and mindfulness.

## Early life and career

Warwick grew up on a 1,200-acre sheep and wheat farm in Young, New South Wales, Australia. His father, Ray Schiller, was a rodeo champion and talented bull rider. Warwick began riding horses at age six, and he showed at Quarter Horse shows throughout his childhood. After visiting America in 1990, Warwick ended up working under NRCHA Hall of Famer Don Murphy. He met his wife, Robyn, at a horse show in California.
Schiller became an independent reining horse trainer in 1995. His accomplishments include the NRHA Reserve World Champion in 2002 and wins at the major reining horse shows, including the NRHA Futurity, NRHA Derby, National Reining Breeder’s Classic, and All American Quarter Horse Congress.
Both Warwick and his wife Robyn represented Team Australia in the 2018 FEI World Equestrian Games
Schiller eventually began making online horse training videos on YouTube in 2011 and transitioned away from training reining horses. After gaining a following on social media, Schiller began to present at numerous horse-related expos, such as Equitana, Western States Horse Expo, and the Midwest Horse Fair.
In 2020, he started The Journey On Podcast, discussing his horse training career and personal life. Since its inception, it has had over 2.9 million downloads
He published his first book, The Principles of Training, in 2023, which documents the 13 foundational principles of all horsemanship techniques.

## Horsemanship philosophy

Warwick's horsemanship is rooted in psychology and understanding the mammalian nervous system states. His work often revolves around the Polyvagal Theory, which pertains to the vagus nerve's role in emotional regulation, social connection, and fear responses. Using somatic techniques to alleviate fear and anxiety, Schiller takes an empathetic approach to horse training by understanding how the horse feels at any given moment.
# John Mackie Falconer

John Mackie Falconer (1820–1903) was a Scottish-born American etcher, painter, and watercolorist. Born in Edinburgh, he came to the United States in 1836.

## Biography

John Mackie Falconer was born in Edinburgh on May 22, 1820.
A full member of the New York Etching Club, he was made an honorary member of the National Academy of Design in 1856. He is known for studies of older buildings and ruins. Falconer was a friend of Thomas Cole, Asher Durand, Jasper Francis Cropsey and other artists of the Hudson River School.
He died at his home in Brooklyn on March 12, 1903.
His works are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; the New-York Historical Society; the Brooklyn Museum of Art; and the Columbus (Georgia) Museum.
# Jil Strüngmann

Jil Strüngmann (born 9 July 1992) is a retired former German footballer who played for SGS Essen.

## Post career

Strüngmann since retiring from football has been the goalkeeper coach of SV Budberg's U17 women's team since 2020.
# 1992 Skye and Lochalsh District Council election

Elections to the Skye and Lochalsh District Council took place in May 1992, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.

## Aggregate results

Skye and Lochalsh District Election Result 1992 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Independent | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 90.0 | 82.0 | 2,129 | 18.0 |
| SNP | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10.0 | 15.1 | 391 | New |
| Independent nationalist | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 78 | New |
# Glenmont, Nova Scotia

Glenmont is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Kings County.
45°11′11.45″N 64°30′6.96″W﻿ / ﻿45.1865139°N 64.5019333°W﻿ / 45.1865139; -64.5019333﻿ (Glenmont, Nova Scotia)
# Kulcha

Kulcha is a Persian term for a disc-shaped loaf of leavened bread. In India, this term is commonly used for regular English bread (which is disc-shaped).

## Origin and terminology

The term kulcha is Persian and describes a disc-shaped loaf of bread, bun or even biscuit. However, in India this term came to be associated with round breads popularized during the British colonial period. In some parts of India, naan or tandoori parantha is often confused with kulcha.
# Byron, Georgia

Byron is a city located primarily in Peach County, Georgia, United States. A small portion of the city also extends into parts of Houston and Crawford counties. The population was estimated to be 5,149 in 2019 by the Census Bureau, an increasing of 14.1% from 4,512 at the 2010 census. The city is in the Warner Robins metropolitan statistical area.
Byron was home to the Middle Georgia Raceway, an auto racetrack that hosted NASCAR races and the filming of TV commercials and a feature movie. From July 3–5, 1970, in a field next to the raceway, the Atlanta International Pop Festival was held, which was the largest gathering in Georgia history until the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta. On September 15, 2012, an official Georgia Historical Society marker was placed near the raceway site to commemorate the festival.

## History

The community was named after Lord Byron, the British Romantic poet. A former variant name was "Jackson", but the name was changed in order to avoid repetition with the Jackson in Butts County. The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the place as the "Town of Byron" in 1874.

## Geography

Byron is located in the northeast corner of Peach County at 32°38′56″N 83°45′20″W﻿ / ﻿32.64889°N 83.75556°W﻿ / 32.64889; -83.75556 (32.648908, -83.755640), near the geographic center of Georgia. Interstate 75 passes through the eastern side of the city, with access from Exits 146 and 149 (Georgia State Route 49). Byron is 93 miles (150 km) south of Atlanta, 16 miles (26 km) south of Macon, and 11 miles (18 km) northeast of the Peach County seat of Fort Valley.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.6 square miles (22.4 km$^2$), of which 0.02 square miles (0.06 km$^2$), or 0.28%, are water.

## Demographics

Byron racial composition as of 2020 :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 3,056 | 53.6% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 2,055 | 36.04% |
| Native American | 12 | 0.21% |
| Asian | 84 | 1.47% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.02% |
| Other/Mixed | 237 | 4.16% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 257 | 4.51% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,702 people, 2,198 households, and 1,588 families residing in the city.
Circa 2023, of the 4,512 residents, all of them were in Peach County and none of them were in Houston County.

## Arts and culture

The city hosts the Battle of Byron, an annual charity fundraiser.

## Education

Areas in Peach County are within the Peach County School District (as are all other parts of Peach County).
Areas in Houston County are within the Houston County School System (as are all other parts of Houston County). As of 2023 no residents of Byron lived in Houston County.
# Goffs, Nova Scotia

44°52′56″N 63°29′08″W﻿ / ﻿44.88222°N 63.48556°W﻿ / 44.88222; -63.48556Goffs is a Canadian rural community in Nova Scotia's Halifax Regional Municipality.
Located in the north-central part of Halifax County, Goffs is situated on the Old Guysborough Road (Route 212) immediately east of the Halifax Stanfield International Airport.
The community was first settled by people of African descent beginning in 1784, originally as two separate settlements called West Settlement and the Grove. After several years of fundraising, a school was finally built to educate the community in 1932, enrolling seventeen children. Prior to the establishment of this school, the mostly African Nova Scotian community would have had no access to education. Much of the community's land was expropriated in 1960 in order to expand the Halifax Stanfield International Airport. The Guysborough Road United Baptist Church, established in 1872, was relocated to Goffs Road as a result and later closed in the 1990s. Approximately 130 Black Nova Scotians lived in the area in 1970. The church as well as many graves were moved for the third time in 1984. In 1985, a further 2,000 acres were taken from land owners to construct the Aerotech Industrial Park. As of the 2016 Census, 20 Black residents still live in the area.
The community is home to the 9-hole Airlane Golf Club and the Goffs Volunteer Fire Department, part of the Halifax Regional Fire and Emergency Service. It also has approximately 200 residents living within the boundaries of the community. There has been recent development with new homes in the last decade and the closest body of water is Mud Lake.
vtePlaces adjacent to Goffs, Nova Scotia :
Oldham, Nova Scotia Via Oldham Rd. To Hwy 102 / Trunk 2
Devon, Nova Scotia Musquodoboit Valley Via Route 212 To Route 357
Goffs, Nova Scotia
Halifax Stanfield International Airport Via Route 212 To Hwy 102 :
# Laminacauda boliviensis

Laminacauda boliviensis is a species of sheet weaver found in Bolivia. It was described by Millidge in 1985.
# Aeroflot Flight 10 (1954)

Aeroflot Flight 10 was a scheduled passenger flight from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport to Vnukovo Airport with stopovers at Krasnoyarsk Airport and Severny Airport. On 27 September 1954, the Ilyushin Il-12 operating the route crashed near Severny Airport after it struck trees.

## Aircraft

The aircraft, an Ilyushin Il-12P registered as СССР-Л1365, went into operation in 1947. It had a factory number of 30086 and a serial number of 086. It was manufactured by Factory Number 30.
The crew consisted of:
* Pilot-in-command Aleksandr Maksimovich Usachev
* Trainee Georgiy Antonovich Sukharev
* Co-pilot Yakov Aleksandrovich Konovalov
* Flight engineer Sergey Fedorovich Shachnev
* Radio operator Yakov Yakovlevich Shestak

## Accident

The Il-12 departed Krasnoyarsk at 22:17. The visibility was forecast as 4–10 km (2.5–6.2 mi; 2.2–5.4 nmi) at the time of takeoff. Despite a warning being received by the station at 00:12 that the airport was covered in fog and had poor visibility, the forecaster on duty reported the weather conditions to the crew at 00:25. As the aircraft approached Novosibirsk, the visibility worsened to about 400 m (1,300 ft). The captain abandoned the approach due to the plane being too far to the left of the runway.
After a few minutes, the crew started another approach with a visibility of 100 m (330 ft). Without sighting the ground, the pilot-in-command continued the approach, with permission from the air traffic controller, and descended below the decision height. At 00:57, the Il-12 struck trees and crashed into a wooded area near the airport, killing all 29 occupants onboard. There was no fire.
Flight 10 was approaching from the south, where there were no approach lights, and the non-directional beacon worked improperly.

## Cause

The investigation determined that the visibility was minimal. Furthermore, the crew did not have the runway and ground in sight. It was necessary to divert to an alternative airport, which in this case would have been Kemerovo or Barabinsk. As a consequence, the crew controlled flight into terrain.
The investigation listed these factors as the causes of the accident:
* The decision of the crew to land in minimal weather
* Failure of the air traffic controller to inform the pilots about the foggy weather
* The absence of radio equipment in the airport to communicate with aircraft in the south
# Postplatyptilia zongoensis

Postplatyptilia zongoensis is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known throughout Bolivia.
The wingspan is about 27 mm. Adults are on wing in April.

## Etymology

The name reflects the river valley where it occurs, the Zongo River valley.
# Aaron Wilibona

Aaron Wilibona (or Ouilibona) alias "Coxis" is a former Central African representative, military commander of Anti-balaka, suspected of killing French journalist Camille Lepage.

## Life

He is a cousin of former president François Bozizé and a younger brother of Maxime Mokom.
He used to be a chieff of staff of two ministers under the regime of Patassé and Bozizé. In the 2005 Central African general election he was elected to the National Assembly from the 8th arrondissement in Bangui, having received 7,508 or 40.44% of all votes. He was elected as a member of Kwa Na Kwa party. In 2009, he was elected President of the Kwa Na Kwa parliamentary group. In September 2010, Wilibona was reportedly regularly traversing Bangui with a submachine gun looking for information and speaking with mercenaries. In 2011, he was a director of cabinet of the Ministry of Public Health.

### Civil war

Following the outbreak of the Central African Republic Civil War he joined the Anti-balaka militias. In January 2014, he reportedly took over the Cantonnier/Béloko border crossing together with Rochael Mokom alias ‘Colonel Rocco’. On 28 April, he was reportedly in charge of Anti-balaka militias between Cantonnier and Bouar. He was accused of murder of French journalist Camille Lepage in May 2014 for which he was arrested by Central African authorities. On 7 July 2015, he escaped the Ngaragba prison in Bangui after which he fled to Garoua-Boulaï in Cameroon. His personal lawyer, Raymond Ndakala, was accused of helping him in escape. On 5 September 2015, he reportedly arrived in Berbérati accompanied by eight Anti-balaka fighters.

### Aftermath

On 12 September 2020, he was arrested by the Cameroonian air and border police as he was returning from a trip to Bangui and placed in pre-trial detention in Kondengui. He is accused of dishonestly obtaining 481,000,000 CFA francs stored in various bank accounts.
# 1948 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team

The 1948 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1948 college football season.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | Purdue | | Notre Dame StadiumNotre Dame, IN (rivalry) | W 28–27 | 59,343 |
| October 2 | at Pittsburgh | | Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PA (rivalry) | W 40–0 | 63,000–64,000 |
| October 9 | Michigan State | No. 1 | Notre Dame StadiumNotre Dame, IN (rivalry) | W 26–7 | 58,126 |
| October 16 | Nebraska | No. 2 | Memorial StadiumLincoln, NE (rivalry) | W 44–13 | 38,000 |
| October 23 | at Iowa | No. 2 | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | W 27–12 | 53,000 |
| October 30 | vs. Navy | No. 2 | Memorial StadiumBaltimore, MD (rivalry) | W 41–7 | 63,314 |
| November 6 | at Indiana | No. 1 | Memorial StadiumBloomington, IN | W 42–6 | 34,000 |
| November 13 | No. 8 Northwestern | No. 2 | Notre Dame StadiumNotre Dame, IN (rivalry) | W 12–7 | 59,305 |
| November 27 | Washington | No. 2 | Notre Dame StadiumNotre Dame, IN | W 46–0 | 50,609 |
| December 4 | at USC | No. 2 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA (rivalry) | T 14–14 | 100,571 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||

## Rankings

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking ( ) = First-place votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| AP | 1 (50) | 2 (34) | 2 (23) | 2 (19) | 1 (56) | 2 (80) | 2 (27) | 2 (38) | 2 (97) |
# Arriba, Colorado

Arriba (/ˌærɪbɑːˌ/) is a statutory town located in Lincoln County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 202 at the 2020 United States census.

## History

Arriba is the Spanish word for "on high" or "above others." The Arriba, Colorado, post office opened on February 4, 1889, and the Town of Arriba was incorporated on August 29, 1918.

## Geography

Arriba is located at 39°17′8″N 103°16′32″W﻿ / ﻿39.28556°N 103.27556°W﻿ / 39.28556; -103.27556 (39.285589, -103.275624), along Interstate 70.
At the 2020 United States census, the town had a total area of 319 acres (1.292 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 244 people, 106 households, and 62 families residing in the town. The population density was 523.1 inhabitants per square mile (202.0/km$^2$). There were 127 housing units at an average density of 272.2 per square mile (105.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 94.67% White, 0.82% Native American, 1.64% Asian, 2.05% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.74% of the population.
There were 106 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $25,000, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $27,188 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,370. About 8.1% of families and 13.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 19.6% of those 65 or over.

## Attractions

The Arriba Town Museum is located in the Arriba Town Hall and contains memorabilia and historic artifacts on the history of the area. Grandpa Jerry's Clown Museum started in 1986 in Sterling and moved to Arriba in 2001. The museum claims to be the largest known collection of collectible clowns (baby rattles, cookie jars, cups, salt and pepper shakers, tea sets, vases, "piggy" banks, music boxes, frames, porcelain pieces, lamps, puppets, etc.). The collection comprises items from 28 states and 13 countries. The museum has since closed.
# Aeroflot Flight 365

Aeroflot Flight 365 was a domestic passenger flight from Shosseynaya Airport to Ülemiste Airport. On 5 September 1958, the aircraft operating the route was hijacked and made an emergency landing at Jõhvi. All occupants, except for the hijacker, managed to evacuate before the fuselage burned out.

## Aircraft

The aircraft was an Avia 14P with registration СССР-Л2048 and serial number 705101, manufactured on 30 December 1957. It served briefly with Aeroflot's Ukrainian division before it was transferred to the Estonian division on 21 January 1958. By the time of the hijacking, the plane had logged 1,195 flight hours.
The pilot-in-command was Daniil Danilovich Blasov, the co-pilot was Valentin Georgievich Platonov, the flight engineer was Petr Vasil'evich Bryzgalov, the wireless operator was Anatolii Petrovich Umnov, the navigator was Mark Mikhailovich Martynenko, and the flight attendant was Pil'vi Al'bertona Kaarits.

## Hijacking

Flight 365 departed Leningrad normally. Thirty minutes after takeoff, over the Narva area, a passenger gave a flight attendant Kaarits a note. In the note, the hijacker ordered the pilot to come out and "speak with a group of interested passengers", otherwise he threatened to kill the crew. Kaarits took the note to Blasov.
After reading the note, Blasov locked the door and prepared a pistol. After one to two minutes, sounds of gunshots or explosions were heard in the cabin and the hijacker attempted to break down the cockpit door. The crew radioed ATC about the attack and intended to make an emergency landing at Jõhvi Airport. Blasov fired some shots at the door and then slid the pistol to Bryzgalov. Another explosion damaged the door. Bryzgalov shot at the hijacker until he was out of ammunition. The passenger used homemade explosives, causing the aircraft to explode and catch fire.
The crew then began a steep descent to 900 m (3,000 ft) and landed at Jõhvi. All occupants but the hijacker managed to evacuate in time before the plane burned out, although Blasov broke his back while escaping via the astrodome. Despite the presence of firefighters at the scene, the aircraft burned out almost completely.
# Jonas indicus

Jonas indicus is a species of crab in the family Corystidae.
# Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Costa Rica)

The Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MOPT) is an agency of the government of Costa Rica in charge of roads, airports and maritime ports planning and construction, it also regulates public transportation.

## History

On October 20, 1860, the Dirección General de Obras Públicas (Public Works General Directorate) was created.
On May 8, 1948, after the civil war, the transitional government created the agency as the Ministry of Public Works, then on August 5, 1963 it is renamed as Ministry of Transport, and on July 5, 1971 gets its final name as Ministry of Public Works and Transport.
# Goldenville

Goldenville is a small community located near to Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia in the Municipality of the District of St. Mary's. The community is mainly a forestry community but also has a gold mining museum.

## History

Nelson Nickerson found gold in the Goldenville area in August, 1861 and Zeba Hewitt built one of the first houses in the village that fall. By July, 1862, several houses had been erected in Goldenville and mining was begun. Two wharves were built the following spring and a road was constructed to the diggings. In 1867 the Templars erected a hall that was also used as a church. An Orange Order Lodge Hall was built in 1869 and the lower part was used as a schoolroom. A Masonic Lodge Hall was also built in 1869. A Roman Catholic chapel was built in Goldenville in 1871, but was moved to Sherbrooke in 1907. A Presbyterian church was opened in Goldenville on January 12, 1902.
Gold production in Goldenville from 1862 to 1941 is reported to have been 209,383.3 oz., the best producer in Nova Scotia. In 2018 the Government of Nova Scotia initiated the process of closing the former gold mining site that is heavily contaminated with arsenic and mercury.