# Herb Gray

Herbert Eser Gray PC CC QC (May 25, 1931 – April 21, 2014) was a Canadian lawyer who became a prominent federal politician. He was a Liberal member of parliament for the Windsor area over the course of four decades, from 1962 to 2002, making Gray one of the longest-serving members in Canadian history. He was a cabinet minister under three prime ministers and was the seventh deputy prime minister of Canada from 1997 to 2002. Gray was Canada's first Jewish federal cabinet minister, and he is one of the few Canadians granted the honorific The Right Honourable who was not so entitled by virtue of a position held.

## Early life and education

Gray was born in Windsor, Ontario, the son of Fannie (née Lifitz), a nurse, and Harry Gray, who had a business selling yard goods. His parents were both from Belarusian Jewish families. Gray attended Victoria School and Kennedy Collegiate Institute in Windsor before receiving a Bachelor of Commerce degree in 1952 from McGill University. He studied at Osgoode Hall Law School, where he received a Bachelor of Laws degree and was called to the bar, becoming a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada.
On July 23, 1967, Gray married Sharon Sholzberg, also a lawyer. They had two children together – Jonathan David and Elizabeth Anne.

## Politics

Gray was first elected to Parliament for the riding of Essex West on June 18, 1962, as a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. He was re-elected in twelve subsequent federal elections, making him the longest continuously-serving Member of Parliament in Canadian history.
Gray served in a variety of roles during his parliamentary career, including cabinet ministries and committee chairmanships during the Liberal governments of Lester Pearson and Pierre Trudeau, and as opposition House leader from 1984 to 1990.
From February 6, 1990, to December 21, 1990, he was Leader of the Opposition, during John Turner's last four months as Liberal leader and the first few months of Jean Chrétien's leadership, until the latter won a by-election to Parliament.
When the Liberals returned to power after the 1993 election, Gray was appointed Leader of the Government in the House of Commons and Solicitor General of Canada. On June 11, 1997, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Canada.
Gray also retained an interest in provincial politics in the Windsor area. In 1996, he was named as honorary co-chair of Dwight Duncan's bid to the lead the provincial Liberal Party. Duncan had previously worked in Gray's office.

## Retirement and death

Gray retired from Parliament on January 14, 2002, and was appointed Canadian Chair of the International Joint Commission, a bilateral organization which deals with Canada-United States trans-boundary issues on water and air rights.
On November 28, 2008, Carleton University announced that Gray had been appointed as the university's 10th chancellor. He died in hospital in Ottawa on April 21, 2014, aged 82.

## Honours

On January 15, 2002, then-Governor General of Canada Adrienne Clarkson granted Gray the style "The Right Honourable", in honour of his distinguished and record-setting contribution to Canadian political life. In 2003, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada, a designation which can be bestowed on only 165 outstanding Canadians at any given time, in recognition of being "an enduring force in Canadian politics". He was a recipient of the Canadian Centennial Medal, the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal, the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal, Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. He received honorary degrees from the University of Windsor, Assumption University (Windsor), Catholic University of Lublin (Poland), McGill University, and the University of Ottawa, and Honorary Lifetime Membership as Governor #71 with Junior Chamber International Canada (JCI Canada). In 2009, he became an honorary brother of Alpha Epsilon Pi.
The extension of Highway 401 in Windsor (originally the Windsor-Essex Parkway) was renamed the Right Honourable Herb Gray Parkway on November 28, 2012.

## Personal life

Gray was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 1996 and recovered after radiation therapy. In 1999, he had an operation to treat a prostate condition unrelated to the cancer. In August 2001, Gray underwent valve replacement surgery to correct a heart condition he had known about for years.

## Electoral record
### Essex West

1962 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 18,152 | 45.55 | +11.25 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Norman L. Spencer | 11,018 | 27.65 | −18.10 |
| | New Democratic | Bill Tepperman | 9,771 | 24.52 | +5.43 |
| | Social Credit | Ray Gagnier | 649 | 1.63 | +0.77 |
| | Co-operative Builders | Edgar-Bernard Charron | 261 | 0.65 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 39,851 | 100.00 |
1963 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 23,165 | 56.14 | +10.59 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Tom Brophey | 10,946 | 26.53 | −1.12 |
| | New Democratic | Trevor Price | 6,267 | 15.19 | −9.33 |
| | Social Credit | Ray Gagnier | 884 | 2.14 | +0.51 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 41,262 | 100.00 |
1965 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 21,525 | 56.12 | −0.02 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Austin Dixon | 10,298 | 26.85 | +0.22 |
| | New Democratic | Hugh Peacock | 5,739 | 14.96 | −0.23 |
| | Independent | Don Armstrong | 413 | 1.08 | |
| | Social Credit | Jack Backer | 379 | 0.99 | −1.15 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 38,354 | 100.00 |

### Windsor West

1968 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 16,442 | 54.06 |
| | New Democratic | Stuart Ross | 8,972 | 29.50 |
| | Progressive Conservative | William J. Waldron | 5,002 | 16.45 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 30,416 | 100.00 |
1972 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 17,966 | 49.20 | −4.86 |
| | New Democratic | Paul Forder | 13,110 | 35.90 | +6.40 |
| | Progressive Conservative | John Gunning | 5,441 | 14.90 | −1.55 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 36,517 | 100.00 |
1974 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 19,474 | 55.97 | +6.77 |
| | New Democratic | Ron Seale | 10,630 | 30.55 | −5.35 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bill McKay | 4,466 | 12.84 | −2.06 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Ray Greig | 222 | 0.64 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 34,792 | 100.00 |
1979 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 16,943 | 48.56 | −7.41 |
| | New Democratic | Maxine Jones | 11,906 | 34.12 | +3.57 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bob Krause | 5,869 | 16.82 | +3.98 |
| | Communist | Gerard O'Neill | 102 | 0.29 | |
| | Marxist–Leninist | M. Villamizar | 74 | 0.21 | −0.43 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 34,894 | 100.00 |
1980 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 19,755 | 58.50 | +9.94 |
| | New Democratic | Maxine Jones | 9,785 | 28.98 | −4.14 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ned Griffith | 4,107 | 12.16 | −4.66 |
| | Communist | Gerard O'Neill | 72 | 0.21 | |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Margaret Villamizar | 49 | 0.15 | −0.06 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 33,768 | 100.00 |
1984 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 13,624 | 40.55 | −17.95 |
| | New Democratic | Paul Forder | 11,503 | 34.23 | +5.25 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Marty Goldberg | 8,158 | 24.28 | +12.12 |
| | Rhinoceros | Martin X. Deck | 232 | 0.69 | |
| | Communist | Mike Longmoore | 84 | 0.25 | +0.04 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 33,601 | 100.00 |
1988 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 23,796 | 56.24 | +15.69 |
| | New Democratic | Paul Forder | 12,143 | 27.80 | −6.43 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Bert Silcox | 6,131 | 14.49 | −9.79 |
| | Independent | Robert Cruise | 127 | 0.30 | |
| | Communist | Maggie Bizzell | 112 | 0.26 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 42,309 | 100.00 |
1993 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 27,008 | 73.00 | +16.76 |
| | Reform | Brett Skinner | 4,179 | 11.30 | |
| | New Democratic | Emily Carasco | 3,359 | 9.08 | −18.72 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Dan Friesen | 1,663 | 4.49 | −10.00 |
| | Green | Sarah Atkinson | 395 | 1.07 | |
| | Natural Law | Larry Decter | 138 | 0.37 | |
| | Independent | Bill Steptoe | 128 | 0.35 | |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Robert Cruise | 93 | 0.25 | −0.05 |
| | Abolitionist | Rose Pope | 35 | 0.09 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 36,998 | 100.00 |
1997 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 21,877 | 55.20 | −17.80 |
| | New Democratic | Tom Milne | 9,411 | 23.74 | +14.66 |
| | Reform | Jeff Watson | 5,295 | 13.36 | +2.06 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Dan Friesen | 2,452 | 6.19 | +1.70 |
| | Green | Richard Warman | 398 | 1.00 | −0.07 |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Robert Cruise | 199 | 0.50 | +0.25 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 39,632 | 100.00 |
2000 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Herb Gray | 20,729 | 54.21 | −0.99 |
| | Alliance | Jeff Watson | 8,777 | 22.95 | +9.59 |
| | New Democratic | John McGinlay | 6,080 | 15.90 | −7.84 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Ian West | 2,116 | 5.53 | −0.66 |
| | Independent | Christopher Soda | 304 | 0.80 | |
| | Marxist–Leninist | Enver Villamizar | 229 | 0.60 | +0.10 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 38,235 | 100.00 |
Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

## Archives

There is a Herb Gray fonds at Library and Archives Canada.