# Timeline of early independent Vietnam

This is a timeline of Early Independent Vietnam, covering the period of Vietnamese history from the rise of the Tĩnh Hải circuit ruled by the Khúc clan (r. 905–923/930) to the kingdom of Đại Cồ Việt ruled by the Early Lê dynasty (980–1009).

## 10th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 906 | | Khúc Thừa Dụ of the Khúc clan takes control of Annan as jiedushi governor of Tĩnh Hải circuit and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang |
| 907 | | Khúc Thừa Dụ's son, Khúc Hạo succeed the title jiedushi and is recognized by Zhu Quanzhong |
| 908 | | Khúc Hạo dies and is succeeded by his son, Khúc Thừa Mỹ |
| 911 | | Khúc Hạo's son, Khúc Thừa Mỹ brings to Later Liang dynasty's court 500 Vietnamese bananas, seafoods, jades, gold and silver objects as tributes |
| 930 | | Southern Han invades Annam and removes the Khúc clan from power; Khúc Thừa Mỹ lives out the rest of his days at the Southern Han court |
| 931 | | Dương Đình Nghệ expels Southern Han from Đại La and declares himself governor |
| 937 | | Dương Đình Nghệ is murdered by his subject, Kiều Công Tiễn, and Kiều Công Tiễn calls Southern Han for military assistance |
| 938 | December | Battle of Bạch Đằng: Southern Han's fleet led by Liu Hongcao to subdue Annam is defeated on Bạch Đằng River by Vietnamese general Ngô Quyền |
| 939 | 1 February | Ngô Quyền establishes his monarchy at Cổ Loa Citadel, known in Vietnamese history texts as the Ngô dynasty |
| 944 | 14 February | Ngô Quyền dies; his son Ngô Xương Ngập is ousted by Dương Tam Kha, who seizes the throne for himself |
| 950 | | Dương Tam Kha is deposed by Ngô Xương Văn, who shares power with his brother Ngô Xương Ngập in a two-headed monarchy |
| 954 | | Ngô Xương Ngập dies, after which Ngô Xương Văn declares himself a vassal of Southern Han |
| 965 | | Ngô Xương Văn dies in battle against the rebellion of Đường Nguyễn; his son Ngô Xương Xí succeeds him but fails to retain control over the realm, resulting in the Anarchy of the 12 Warlords |
| 968 | | Duke Đinh Bộ Lĩnh reunites the country under the Đinh dynasty and ends the Anarchy of the 12 Warlords |
| 972 | | Đại Cồ Việt's independence is recognized by Song dynasty, establishing the nominate tributary relation |
| 979 | October | Đinh Bộ Lĩnh is assassinated by a eunuch and his infant son Đinh Phế Đế succeeds him; Dương Vân Nga becomes regent, however under the pressure of an impending Song dynasty invasion, she threw her support behind the commander-in-chief Lê Hoàn |
| 981 | | Battle of Bạch Đằng (981): Song dynasty invades Đại Cồ Việt with initial success but is ambushed and the campaign ends with Lê Hoàn accepting Song suzerainty |
| 982 | | Champa detains envoys from Đại Cồ Việt, resulting in an invasion by Lê Hoàn, and the death of the Cham king Paramesvaravarman I and the plundering of its capital, Vijaya |
| 986 | | A Vietnamese merchant in Indrapura named Lưu Kỳ Tông (Lieou Ki-Tsong) takes the throne of Cham king Indravarman IV |
| 990 | | Song dynasty sends emissary to Hoa Lư |
| 995 | Summer | Vietnamese troops and warships attacked Chinese border towns |
| 997 | | Song Emperor gives Lê Hoàn the second title King of Nanping (南平王) in addition with King of Giao Chỉ (交趾郡王) |

## 11th century

| Year | Event |
| 1005 | Lê Hoàn dies, causing a succession dispute that saw Lê Trung Tông killed after ruling for only 3 days; Lê Long Đĩnh succeeds him as new ruler of the Vietnamese |
| 1006 | Lê Long Đĩnh receives hundred of Mahayana Buddhist sutras, Taoist books, Classic literature from Song dynasty and translate into Vietnamese |
| 1007 | Lê Long Đĩnh sends tributes to Song dynasty, and receives back clothes, sutras, buckle belts |
| 1009 | Lê Long Đĩnh dies from hemorrhoids; military leader Lý Công Uẩn replaces the Lê dynasty and establishes the Lý dynasty |

## Gallery

* Map of China and Vietnam during 951–960. Annam locates in the south, bordered by light purple line.
* Coins Thái Bình Hưng Bảo issued by emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng in 970, the first Vietnamese native cash coins
* Nhật Tảo bronze bell cast in 948 by Hạ Từ Liêm blacksmith, contains Buddhist inscriptions and some earliest Vietnamese Nôm script characters
* Ceramic bowl originated from Abbasid Caliphate, dated 940s in Hanoi
* Mural paintings of one Buddhist saint Arhat in Liên Hoa cave, Hoa Lư, Ninh Bình

## Citations

* ↑ Taylor 2013, p. 44.
* ↑ Juzheng 1995, p. 53.
* ↑ Taylor 1983, p. 207.
* ↑ Juzheng 1995, p. 100.
* 1 2 Taylor 2013, p. 45.
* 1 2 3 Taylor 2013, p. 46.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Taylor 2013, p. 47.
* 1 2 3 4 5 History of Song, vol. 488
* ↑ Walker 2012, p. 211-212.
* ↑ Taylor 2013, p. 56.
* ↑ Champa : Vương triều Indrapura (thế kỳ thứ IX-XI)
* ↑ Taylor 2013, p. 58.
* ↑ Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục, Main/vol. 2
* ↑ Taylor 2013, p. 60.