# Brea, California

Brea (/ˈbreɪə/; Spanish for 'tar') is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 39,282. It is 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Los Angeles. Brea is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area.
The city began as a center of crude oil production and was later propelled by citrus production. It is a significant retail center, including the Brea Mall and downtown Brea. The city has an extensive public art program that began in 1975 and has over 140 artworks placed throughout the city.

## History
### Indigenous

The area began as part of the homelands of the Tongva, who lived in the area for thousands of years before any contact was made with Europeans. The Tongva established extensive routes for travel and trade between Tongva villages as well as with neighboring Indigenous nations. The closest known village site to the city of Brea today is Hutuknga.

### Spanish era

The area was visited on July 29, 1769, by the Spanish Portolá expedition, the first Europeans to see inland parts of Alta California. The party camped in Brea Canyon, near a large native village and a small pool of clean water. A historical marker dedicated to their visit stands in Brea Canyon just north of town.
The village of Olinda was founded in present-day Carbon Canyon at the beginning of the 19th century. Many entrepreneurs came to the area searching for "black gold" (petroleum).

### American era

In 1894, the owner of the land, Abel Stearns, sold 1,200 acres (4.9 km$^2$) west of Olinda to the newly created Union Oil Company of California, and by 1898 many nearby hills began sporting wooden oil drilling towers on the newly discovered Brea-Olinda Oil Field. In 1908 the village of Randolph, named for railway engineer Epes Randolph, was founded just south of Brea Canyon for oil workers and their families. Baseball legend Walter Johnson grew up in Olinda at the start of the 20th century, working in the surrounding oil fields.
Olinda and Randolph grew and merged as the economy boomed. On January 19, 1911, the town's map was filed under the new name of Brea, from the Spanish language word for natural asphalt, also called bitumen, pitch, or tar. With a population of 752, Brea was incorporated on February 23, 1917, as the eighth official city of Orange County.
As oil production declined, some agricultural development took place, especially lemon and orange groves. In the 1920s, the Brea Chamber of Commerce promoted the city with the slogan “Oil, Oranges, and Opportunity.”
In 1950, Brea had a population of 3,208, 641 more than ten years earlier. The citrus groves gave way gradually to industrial parks and residential development. In 1956, Carl N. Karcher opened the first two Carl's Jr. restaurants in Anaheim and Brea. The opening of the Orange Freeway (57) and the Brea Mall in the 1970s spurred further residential growth, including large planned developments east of the 57 Freeway in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.
In the late 1990s, a 50-acre (200,000 m$^2$) swath of downtown Brea centered on Brea Boulevard and Birch Street was redeveloped into a shopping and entertainment area with movie theaters, sidewalk cafes, a live comedy club from The Improv chain, numerous shops and restaurants, and a weekly farmer's market. It is locally known and signed as Downtown Brea. The downtown area opened in 2000.
Sunset magazine named Brea one of the five best suburbs to live in the Western United States in early 2006.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12.1 square miles (31 km$^2$). 12.1 square miles (31 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.26% is water.
It is bordered by unincorporated Orange County and Los Angeles County to the north and east, La Habra to the west, Fullerton to the southwest, Placentia to the south, Chino Hills to the northwest, and Yorba Linda to the southeast.

### Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brea has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.
Climate data for Brea, California :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21 (69) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 23 (74) | 24 (76) | 27 (80) | 29 (85) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 27 (81) | 24 (75) | 21 (69) | 25 (77) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8 (47) | 9 (48) | 10 (50) | 11 (52) | 14 (57) | 16 (60) | 18 (64) | 18 (64) | 17 (62) | 14 (57) | 11 (51) | 8 (46) | 13 (55) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 64 (2.5) | 79 (3.1) | 69 (2.7) | 28 (1.1) | 5.1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (0.4) | 7.6 (0.3) | 7.6 (0.3) | 30 (1.2) | 61 (2.4) | 361.3 (14.2) |

## Government
### Local

Brea is governed by a council-manager system. The five-member city council is elected to four-year terms in elections held every two years to fill alternately two and three seats. The council is made up of the mayor, the mayor pro tem and three councilmembers. The council elects a mayor from the serving councilmembers to serve a one-year term as mayor. The city council hires a city manager to direct the city's departments and advise the council. The council appoints members of the Planning Commission; Parks, Recreation and Human Services Commission; Cultural Arts Commission, and Traffic Committee.

#### City services

Fire protection for Brea is provided by the Brea Fire Department (BFD) and law enforcement is provided by the Brea Police Department. Within Carbon Canyon, in the Olinda neighborhood of Brea, is situated Olinda Landfill, a major waste management facility serving a large part of Orange County.
Management of the city and coordination of city services is provided by:

### State and federal representation

In the California State Legislature, Brea is in the 29th Senate District, represented by Democrat Eloise Reyes, and in the 55th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Isaac Bryan.
In the United States House of Representatives, Brea is split between California's 45th congressional district, represented by Democrat Derek Tran, and California's 40th congressional district, represented by Republican Young Kim.

## Demographics

Brea first appeared as a city in the 1920 U.S. Census as part of Brea Township.

### 2020

Brea city, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 23,541 | 20,690 | 18,256 | 66.48% | 52.67% | 38.58% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 409 | 499 | 784 | 1.16% | 1.27% | 1.66% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 111 | 90 | 101 | 0.31% | 0.23% | 0.21% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 3,184 | 7,068 | 13,082 | 8.99% | 17.99% | 27.64% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 71 | 62 | 54 | 0.20% | 0.16% | 0.11% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 57 | 82 | 230 | 0.16% | 0.21% | 0.49% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 832 | 974 | 1,846 | 2.35% | 2.48% | 3.90% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 7,205 | 9,817 | 12,972 | 20.35% | 24.99% | 27.41% |
| Total | 35,410 | 39,282 | 47,325 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2010

The 2010 United States census reported that Brea had a population of 39,282. The population density was 3,243.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,252.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Brea was 26,363 (67.1%) White (52.7% Non-Hispanic White), 549 (1.4%) African American, 190 (0.5%) Native American, 7,144 (18.2%) Asian, 69 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 3,236 (8.2%) from other races, and 1,731 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9,817 persons (25.0%).
The census reported that 39,213 people (99.8% of the population) lived in households, 69 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 14,266 households, out of which 5,043 (35.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 8,132 (57.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,605 (11.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 632 (4.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 569 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 100 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,070 households (21.5%) were made up of individuals, and 1,265 (8.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75. There were 10,369 families (72.7% of all households); the average family size was 3.23.
The population was spread out, with 9,057 people (23.1%) under the age of 18, 3,654 people (9.3%) aged 18 to 24, 10,669 people (27.2%) aged 25 to 44, 10,952 people (27.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,950 people (12.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
There were 14,785 housing units at an average density of 1,221.0 units per square mile (471.4 units/km$^2$), of which 9,266 (65.0%) were owner-occupied, and 5,000 (35.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.3%. 26,889 people (68.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 12,324 people (31.4%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States census, Brea had a median household income of $82,055, with 5.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

### 2000

There were 13,067 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $64,820, and the median income for a family was $68,423. Males had a median income of $50,500 versus $35,674 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,307. About 3.4% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics

Brea is traditionally a Republican stronghold at the presidential level, Democratic nominee Joe Biden carried the city in 2020. According to the California Secretary of State, as of October 22, 2018, Brea has 24,775 registered voters. Of those, 9,991 (40.33%) are registered Republicans, 7,370 (29.75%) are registered Democrats, and 6,466 (26.10%) have declined to state a political party or are independents.
Brea city vote by party in presidential elections :
| Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties |
| 2020 | 50.52% 12,801 | 47.54% 12,046 | 1.95% 493 |
| 2016 | 44.55% 8,724 | 48.17% 9,432 | 7.28% 1,426 |
| 2012 | 39.66% 7,197 | 57.89% 10,504 | 2.45% 444 |
| 2008 | 41.70% 7,625 | 56.26% 10,287 | 2.05% 374 |
| 2004 | 33.35% 5,722 | 65.56% 11,248 | 1.08% 186 |
| 2000 | 34.59% 5,408 | 61.71% 9,649 | 3.70% 579 |
| 1996 | 34.70% 4,931 | 55.40% 7,872 | 9.90% 1,407 |
| 1992 | 28.91% 4,686 | 48.09% 7,796 | 23.00% 3,728 |
| 1988 | 27.82% 4,061 | 71.06% 10,372 | 1.12% 164 |
| 1984 | 21.26% 2,976 | 77.96% 10,913 | 0.79% 110 |
| 1980 | 20.79% 2,660 | 71.03% 9,088 | 8.18% 1,046 |
| 1976 | 33.24% 2,983 | 65.24% 5,855 | 1.48% 133 |

## Economy
### Top employers

According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the city's top employers are:
| # | Employer | # of employees |
| 1 | Albertsons | 1,206 |
| 2 | Beckman Coulter | 837 |
| 3 | Brea Olinda Unified School District | 621 |
| 4 | Nationwide | 460 |
| 5 | Service Champions Plumbing, HVAC | 406 |
| 6 | Bristol Industries | 405 |
| 7 | Nordstrom | 250 |
| 8 | 24 Hour Fitness | 201 |
| 9 | Acosta Sales & Marketing | 163 |
| 10 | The Olive Garden | 122 |

## Education

Brea is primarily served by the Brea Olinda Unified School District, which operates six elementary schools, one junior high school (Brea Junior High School), one high school (Brea Olinda High School), and one continuation high school (Brea Canyon High School). A small portion of Brea is also directed to Sonora High School in La Habra in the Fullerton Joint Union High School District. That portion is also directed to the La Habra City School District. In addition, students can take an assessment to place in nearby Troy High School in Fullerton, also part of the Fullerton High School District.
There are many private schools in Brea, the Brea Head Start (Pre) Brea Olinda Friends School (Pre-6), Brea Congregational Pre-School, Brea Foursquare Church (Pre-5), Brea United Methodist Pre-School ("BUMPS"), Carbon Canyon Christian School (K-12), Christ Lutheran School (Pre-8), St. Angela Merici Parish School (TK-8), and Montessori of Brea (K-6). Brea is also home to the Southern California College of Business and Law and the Southern California extension of Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary.

## School awards

Local schools have won several awards. Brea Olinda High School and Olinda Elementary School have been named Blue Ribbon Schools. Additionally, Arovista Elementary, Country Hills Elementary, Fanning Elementary, Mariposa Elementary, Olinda Elementary, Brea Junior High and Brea Olinda High schools have been named California Distinguished Schools. Laurel Elementary received a Title I Academic Achievement Award. Brea Junior High School and Brea Olinda High School have been named California Gold Ribbon Schools.

## Notable people

* Cody Fajardo, quarterback for the Montreal Alouettes
* Stephanie J. Block, Broadway actress/singer
* James Cameron, film director/producer/screenwriter
* JoAnn Dean Killingsworth, actress & dancer, first person to play Snow White at Disneyland
* Travis Denker, Major League baseball player (San Francisco Giants)
* Kyle Fogg, professional basketball player
* Tommy Gallarda, pro football player (Atlanta Falcons)
* James Hetfield, musician (Metallica)
* Walter Johnson, Major League baseball pitcher for the Washington Senators
* Randy Jones, Major League baseball player (San Diego Padres)
* Joe Maddon, Major League baseball manager (Chicago Cubs)
* Alli Mauzey, Broadway actress/singer
* Evan Moore, pro football player (Green Bay Packers)
* Jeanette Pohlen, Women's National Basketball Association player (Indiana Fever)
* Cruz Reynoso, jurist
* Ken Spears, animator & co-founder of Ruby-Spears Productions
* Caroline Zhang, figure skater
* Nikki Ziering, model and actress
* Norma Zimmer, singer
* Mark Rober, YouTuber and former NASA and Apple engineer

## Sister cities

Brea is twinned with:
* Anseong, South Korea (2011)
* Hannō, Japan (1980)
* Lagos de Moreno, Mexico (1969)