OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Microdactylites

Microdactylites, which is sometimes considered to be a synonym of Dactylioceras, is genus of ammonite that lived during early to middle Toarcian stage (Serpentinum to lower Bifrons ammonite Zones) of early Jurassic. Their fossils were found in England, France, Italy, Germany and Hungary. Species belonging to this genus were microconchs of Dactylioceras.

## Description

Ammonites belonging to Microdactylites have small shells with evolute, compressed coiling. Flanks are slightly convex to convex and whorl section is suboval to subcircular. Ribbing is dense, while ribs can be both simple or bifurcating.
# Microdalyellia

Microdalyellia is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Dalyelliidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Microdalyellia abursalis (Ruebush, 1937)
* Microdalyellia arctica (Nasonov, 1923)
# Isleham Nature Reserve

Isleham Nature Reserve is a 1.1 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Isleham in Cambridgeshire. It is owned by Cambridgeshire County Council and managed by the council together with the Friends of Isleham Nature Reserves.
The site is a stretch of a former railway line. It is grassland and hedgerows with a wide variety of fauna and flora. There are flowering plants such as field scabious, greater knapweed, St John's wort, wild marjoram and bladder campion.
There is access from Fordham Road.
# Isora

Isora may refer to:
* 1374 Isora, an asteroid
* Artemis Isora, in Greek Mythology
* Azumi-no-isora, a Japanese Deity
* Helicteres isora, or Indian screw tree
* Isora (beetle), a ladybird beetle genus
# Middleburg Airfield

Middleburg Airfield (also known as Klenso Airfield or Toem Airfield) is a World War II airfield located on Middleburg Island, to the north of Sansapor in Southwest Papua, Indonesia. The airfield was abandoned after the war and today is almost totally returned to its natural state.

## History

The airfield was built by the Americans, and began as a 5,400 foot-long fighter airstrip, becoming operational on 17 August 1944. A second runway, completed on 3 September, began at 6,000 feet but was soon lengthened to 7,500. It was used by a number of units, including the 419th Night Fighter Squadron flying P-61 Black Widows (21 August to 6 March 1945) and the 67th Fighter Squadron of the 347th Fighter Group flying P-38 Lightnings (15 August to 12 February 1945).
The capture of this island had a significant impact on the Allied war effort in the Southwest Pacific, as the long-range P-38 Lightnings were now in range of several important Japanese installations blocking the route to the Philippines. B-25 Mitchells based on Biak also used Middleburg as a staging base to extend the range of their bombing operations into northern Celebes.
# James Lindsay, 24th Earl of Crawford

James Lindsay, 24th Earl of Crawford and the 6th Earl of Balcarres (24 April 1783 – 15 December 1869) was a Scottish peer, politician and military officer.

## Biography

James Lindsay was born on 24 April 1783 at Balcarres House in Fife, the son of Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres and inherited the title of 7th Earl of Balcarres on his father's death in 1825. In 1826 he was created Baron of Wigan in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1843 he claimed the abeyant title of Earl of Crawford and in 1848 the House of Lords allowed the claim and conferred on him the title of 24th Earl of Crawford, and by extension, the title of 23rd Earl of Crawford on his dead father. He was subsequently commissioned into the British Army and attained the rank of major in the 20th Light Dragoons until he left in 1804. He was returned as Tory MP for Wigan from 1820 to 1825.
After the Slave Compensation Act 1837 was passed, he successfully claimed one third of the compensation given out by the British government for the Army's practise of hiring slaves in Jamaica as temporary labourers from the partnership Atkinson & Hozier. The Army contract had been negotiated by his father when he had served as the governor of Jamaica. He designed Haigh Hall in Haigh, Greater Manchester, to replace the then-existing hall which dated back to Norman times and lived in a cottage in the grounds whilst it was constructed between 1830 and 1849. The family owned Haigh Colliery, cannel and coal mines, and formed the Wigan Coal and Iron Company in 1865. After his death on 23 December 1869 he was buried at All Saints' Church, Wigan, Lancashire, and succeeded by his eldest son, Alexander Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford.

## Marriage and children

On 21 November 1811 at Muncaster in Cumberland (now Cumbria), Crawford married the Hon Maria Margaret Frances Pennington, daughter of John Pennington, 1st Baron Muncaster. They had four sons:
* Alexander William Crawford Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford (16 October 1812 - 13 December 1880)
* Lt Gen Hon Sir James Lindsay (25 August 1815 - 13 August 1874)
* Colonel Hon Charles Hugh Lindsay (11 November 1816 - 25 March 1889)
* Hon Colin Lindsay (6 December 1819 - 28 January 1892)
Eldest son Alexander's genealogical research had enabled his father to claim the title of Earl of Crawford which had fallen into abeyance.
# Michel La Veaux

Michel La Veaux (born January 21, 1955, in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian cinematographer and documentary filmmaker. He is most noted for his work on the films The Dismantling (Le Démantèlement), for which he won the Jutra Award for Best Cinematography at the 16th Jutra Awards, and The Fireflies Are Gone (La disparition des lucioles), for which he won the Borsos Competition award for best cinematography in a Canadian film at the 2018 Whistler Film Festival.
La Veaux has also been a Jutra/Iris nominee at the 13th Jutra Awards in 2011 for Mourning for Anna (Trois temps après la mort d'Anna), at the 14th Jutra Awards in 2012 for For the Love of God (Pour l'amour de Dieu) and at the 20th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2018 for Iqaluit, and a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2014 for Meetings with a Young Poet.
La Veaux has also directed a number of documentary films, including Hôtel La Louisiane (2015) and Labrecque, une caméra pour la mémoire (2016).
# Imperial (Madrid)

Imperial is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Arganzuela. It is 0.967500 km$^2$ in size.
# Grisaleña

Grisaleña is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 46 inhabitants.
# Nernst effect

In physics and chemistry, the Nernst effect (also termed the first Nernst–Ettingshausen effect, after Walther Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing electrical conduction is subjected to a magnetic field and a temperature gradient normal (perpendicular) to each other. An electric field will be induced normal to both.
This effect is quantified by the Nernst coefficient $\nu$, which is defined to be
       $\nu ={\frac {E_{y}}{B_{z}}}{\frac {1}{\partial _{x}T}}$
where $E_{y}$ is the y-component of the electric field that results from the magnetic field's z-component $B_{z}$ and the x-component of the temperature gradient $\partial _{x}T$.
The reverse process is known as the Ettingshausen effect and also as the second Nernst–Ettingshausen effect.

## Physical picture

Mobile energy carriers (for example conduction-band electrons in a semiconductor) will move along temperature gradients due to statistics and the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy. If there is a magnetic field transversal to the temperature gradient and the carriers are electrically charged, they experience a force perpendicular to their direction of motion (also the direction of the temperature gradient) and to the magnetic field. Thus, a perpendicular electric field is induced.

## Sample types

The semiconductors exhibit the Nernst effect, as first observed by T. V. Krylova and Mochan in the Soviet Union in 1955. In metals however, it is almost non-existent.

### Superconductors

Nernst effect appears in the vortex phase of type-II superconductors due to vortex motion. High-temperature superconductors exhibit the Nernst effect both in the superconducting and in the pseudogap phase. Heavy fermion superconductors can show a strong Nernst signal which is likely not due to the vortices.
# Colombicallia albofasciata

Colombicallia albofasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2006. It is known from Bolivia.
# Calmont, Haute-Garonne

Calmont (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

## Sights

The ruins of the 14th century castle (the Château de Calmont) are a historic site listed by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Norwalk Schools

Norwalk Schools may refer to:
* Education in Norwalk, Connecticut
* Norwalk Community School District
# Johnson's rule

In operations research, Johnson's rule is a method of scheduling jobs in two work centers. Its primary objective is to find an optimal sequence of jobs to reduce makespan (the total amount of time it takes to complete all jobs). It also reduces the amount of idle time between the two work centers. The method minimizes the makespan in the case of two work centers. Furthermore, the method finds the shortest makespan in the case of three work centers if additional constraints are met.

## Algorithm

The technique requires several preconditions:
* The time for each job must be invariant with respect to when it is done.
* Job times must be independent of the job sequence.
* All jobs must be processed in the first work center before going through the second work center.
* All jobs are equally prioritised.
Johnson's rule is as follows:
* List the jobs and their times at each work center.
* Select the job with the shortest activity time. If that activity time is for the first work center, then schedule the job first. If that activity time is for the second work center then schedule the job last. Break ties arbitrarily.
* Eliminate the shortest job from further consideration.
* Repeat steps 2 and 3, working towards the center of the job schedule until all jobs have been scheduled.
Given significant idle time at the second work center (from waiting for the job to be finished at the first work center), job splitting may be used.
If there are three work centers, Johnson's rules can still be applied if the minimum processing time in the first (and/or the third) work center is not less than the maximum processing time in the second work center. If so, one can create two virtual work center then apply Johnson's rules like for the two work center case.

## Example

Each of five jobs needs to go through work center A and B. Find the optimum sequence of jobs using Johnson's rule.
Job times (hours) :
| Job | Work center A | Work center B |
| A | 3.2 | 4.2 |
| B | 4.7 | 1.5 |
| C | 2.2 | 5.0 |
| D | 5.8 | 4.0 |
| E | 3.1 | 2.8 |
* The smallest time is located in Job B (1.5 hours). Since the time is in Work Center B, schedule this job last. Eliminate Job B from further consideration.  ? ? ? ? B
* The next smallest time is located in Job C (2.2 hours). Since the time is in Work Center A, schedule this job first. Eliminate Job C from further consideration. C ? ? ? B
* The next smallest time after that is located in Job E (2.8 hours). Since the time is in Work Center B, schedule this job last. Eliminate Job E from further consideration. C ? ? E B
* The next smallest time after is located in Job A (3.2 hours). Since the time is in Work Center A, schedule this job first. Eliminate Job A from further consideration. C A ? E B
* The only job left to consider is Job D. C A D E B
So, the jobs must be processed in the order C → A → D → E → B, and must be processed in the same order on both work centers.
# Communauté de communes des Sources de la Creuse

The communauté de communes des Sources de la Creuse was located in the Creuse département of the Limousin region of central France. It was created in January 2002. It was merged into the new Haute-Corrèze Communauté in January 2017.
It comprised the following 11 communes:
* Beissat
* Clairavaux
* La Courtine
* Féniers
* Magnat-l'Étrange
* Malleret
* Le Mas-d'Artige
* Poussanges
* Saint-Martial-le-Vieux
* Saint-Merd-la-Breuille
* Saint-Oradoux-de-Chirouze
# Communauté de communes des Terroirs d'Angillon

The communauté de communes des Terroirs d’Angillon was created on December 29, 2000, and is located in the Cher département of the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It was created in January 2001. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Terres du Haut Berry in January 2017.
The Communauté de communes comprised the following communes:
* Les Aix-d'Angillon
* Azy
* Brécy
* Moulins-sur-Yèvre
* Parassy
* Rians
* Sainte-Solange
* Soulangis
# Hertig

Hertig is a German language surname and a variant of the surname Hertwig, itself variant of Hartwig. Notable people with the name include:
* Charly Hertig (1939–2012), Swiss footballer and manager
* Philippe Hertig (1965), Swiss former footballer
# Heterocnephes vicinalis

Heterocnephes vicinalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1880. It is found on Sumatra.
# OC Weekly

OC Weekly was a free alternative weekly paper distributed in Orange County and Long Beach, California. It was founded in September 1995 by Will Swaim, who acted as editor and publisher until 2007.
The paper was distributed at coffee shops, bookstores, clothing stores, convenience stores, and street boxes. OC Weekly printed art and entertainment listings for both Orange and Los Angeles counties. As of 2016, it had a total circulation of 45,000 papers with an estimated readership of 225,000.
On November 27, 2019, Duncan McIntosh Co. announced the immediate shutdown of the publication.

## Content

The weekly highlighted content that critiqued local politics, personalities and culture and has been described as "what some people might politely call an edgy brand of journalism." Popular features included: the syndicated column "¡Ask a Mexican!", in which publisher Gustavo Arellano responded to reader questions about Latino stereotypes in an amusing politically incorrect manner; an award-winning news blog called Navel Gazing; a food blog called "Stick a Fork in It"; and the award-winning investigative work of R. Scott Moxley, Nick Schou and Matt Coker.

## Ownership

Duncan McIntosh Co., Fountain Valley, California, owned the publication along with Sea Magazine, BoatingWorld, The Log, and Editor & Publisher. The previous owner was Voice Media Group and was a sister publication of the LA Weekly and The Village Voice. In January 2015, Voice Media Group offered the OC Weekly for sale. Duncan McIntosh purchased the paper in 2016. On November 27, 2019, Duncan McIntosh Co. announced the immediate shutdown of the publication.

## Awards and reputation

For his newspaper work, the publisher Gustavo Arellano received a 2014 Distinguished Journalist Award from the Greater Los Angeles chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists and the 2008 Spirit Award from the California Latino Legislative Caucus as well as awards from the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies, the Los Angeles Press Club and the National Hispanic Media Coalition.
The OC Weekly's articles frequently targeted conservative politicians and hypocrisies within the local establishment. Exposés have led to felony indictments against two consecutive Huntington Beach mayors.
# Hevea camporum

Hevea camporum is a species of flowering plant in the genus Hevea, the rubber trees, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to the Amazon basin where it occurs in Amazonas State in northwestern Brazil. Its habitat is dry savannah. In form it is a shrub, rarely taller than 2 m (7 ft) in the wild, though it can grow taller in cultivation.
# Charles Hayter

Charles Hayter (24 February 1761 – 1 December 1835) was an English painter.
He was the son of Charles Hayter (1728–1795), an architect and builder from Hampshire, and his wife, Elizabeth Holmes. He first trained with his father, but showed an inclination for drawing by producing some small pencil portraits, principally of family members. He was enrolled in the Royal Academy Schools in London in 1786 at the late age of about 25. From then on, he worked as a painter of portrait miniatures in London, and also Essex, and in 1832 in Winchester. He exhibited 113 portrait miniatures between 1786 and 1832, principally at the Royal Academy, and had a reputation for creating a good likeness.
Hayter married Martha Stevenson in 1788. His two sons and daughter were all successful artists; Sir George Hayter (1792–1871), John Hayter (1800–1895), and Anne Hayter who, like her father, was a miniature painter.
Charles Hayter taught perspective (on which he was an authority) to Princess Charlotte, King George IV's daughter, to whom he was later appointed Professor in Perspective and Drawing. He also dedicated to her his book An Introduction to perspective, adapted to the capacities of youth, in a series of pleasing and familiar dialogues, first published in 1813 in London. He later published A New Practical Treatise on the Three Primitive Colours Assumed as a Perfect System of Rudimentary Information (London 1826), in which he described how all colours could be obtained from just three.
An album containing 443 studies for miniature portraits is in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Hayter noted inside the cover that these were sketches which he 'placed behind the Ivory, which being transparent, gave the artist the aid in making his outline on the ivory'.

## Gallery

* Baroness Byron (née Anne Isabella Milbanke) (1792–1860), wife of Lord Byron (1812)
* Portrait of an Unknown Woman and Two Children, about 1800, watercolour on ivory (Victoria & Albert Museum Collection)
# Common Time

"Common Time" is a science fiction short story by American writer James Blish. It first appeared in the August 1953 issue of Science Fiction Quarterly and has been reprinted several times: in the 1959 short-story collection Galactic Cluster; in The Testament of Andros (1965); in The Penguin Science Fiction Omnibus (1973); and in Isaac Asimov Presents the Great SF Stories.
The story is considered to be an archetype of symbolism in science fiction.

## Synopsis

A man named Garrard is a test pilot for an experimental space ship bound for Alpha Centauri. Previous attempts to make the trip have failed. Garrard is put in the ship in suspended animation and wakes up after the ship has gone into "over-drive". The first thing he remembers is the injunction: "Don't move". Garrard realizes that ship time seems to be almost stopped relative to his conscious time; he is not breathing, and his muscles respond slowly to mental directions. He calculates that 6000 years of subjective time will pass before the ship reaches its goal. Suddenly, he realizes that ship time is speeding up, until it equals, then exceeds, his subjective time. As the differential time rates increase, he again loses control of his body and goes into "pseudo-death".
Garrard awakes as the ship comes out of overdrive near Alpha Centauri. Around him in the space ship is a group of dreamlike beings that call themselves "the clinesterton beademungen" and speak to him in dream-language, which he understands perfectly. The story's narrative also becomes dreamlike at this point, suggesting that Garrard's experiences are indescribable. As the ship's automatic mechanism is about to start the journey back to Earth, Garrard again goes into pseudo-death, and remains in that state until the ship nears Earth. He lands safely. He can no longer remember what the "beademung" was like or even if it was real, but he has a haunting sense of loss.

## Symbolism

In In Search of Wonder, Damon Knight argues that the story is a symbolic representation of fertilization of a female ovum by a sperm, and that the protagonist Garrard is the sperm. The Earth represents the testes; Alpha Centauri is the uterus; and the beademung is the ovum. Furthermore, Knight argues, the first part of the story, which contains all the intercourse symbolism, is told backwards. Even the title, Knight argues, is an unintentional pun for "Come on time".

## Author's commentary

James Blish (quoted by Damon Knight) said about Knight's interpretation of his story:
   The reference to the Alpha Centauri stars as 'the twin radioceles' obviously comes from varicocele, a common form of hernia involving the testicles, and I think now that the whole thing was suggested by the Earth-Moon balls on the cover around which I wrote the story. The main Alpha Centauri star and Proxima Centauri stand in about the same relationship as the Earth and the Moon, and both pairs might be described as one-hung-low. Also, the story is about love-and-death; it says it is. But I'm just now beginning to believe it. Writing frightens me.
# Compsosoma vestitipenne

Compsosoma vestitipenne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dmytro Zajciw in 1962. It is known from Brazil.
# Compsosoma mniszechii

Compsosoma mniszechii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1857. It is known from Brazil and Peru.
# Compsosoma monnei

Compsosoma monnei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 1996. It is known from Bolivia.
# Compsosoma phaleratum

Compsosoma phaleratum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1857. It is known from Brazil.
# Charles Farnaby

Charles Farnaby may refer to:
* Sir Charles Farnaby, 1st Baronet (1674–1741), of the Farnaby baronets
* Sir Charles Farnaby-Radcliffe, 3rd Baronet (c. 1740–1798), of the Farnaby baronets, MP for Hythe and Kent
* Sir Charles Francis Farnaby, 5th Baronet (1787–1859), of the Farnaby baronets
# Heterotheca oregona

Heterotheca oregona is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Oregon false goldenaster. It is native to the west coast of Canada and the United States in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California as far south as Los Angeles County.

## Description

Heterotheca oregona is found in low-elevation mountain forests and chaparral, often near water. This is a perennial herb which is variable in appearance, with four somewhat indistinct varieties. It reaches a maximum height of 20 centimeters (8 inches) to one meter (40 inches), and is covered in small bristles. The inflorescence contains 1-15 flower heads in a flat-topped array. Each head has 14-60 yellowish disc florets but no ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a long grayish pappus.

### Varieties

* Heterotheca oregona var. compacta (D.D.Keck) Semple from Monterey County to Siskiyou County
* Heterotheca oregona var. oregona - Washington, Oregon, California as far south as Monterey County
* Heterotheca oregona var. rudis (Greene) Semple - Oregon, California as far south as San Benito County and Amador County
* Heterotheca oregona var. scaberrima (A.Gray) Semple from Glenn County to San Luis Obispo County