# Cardigan (UK Parliament constituency)

The Cardigan District of Boroughs was a parliamentary constituency in Wales which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and its predecessors, from 1542 until it was abolished for the 1885 general election. The borough constituency comprised the four towns of Cardigan, Aberystwyth, Lampeter and Adpar - geographically separated from each other but all within the county of Cardiganshire.

## History

For much of its existence, the constituency was dominated by a relatively small number of landed families. During the eighteenth century, representation was keenly contested between the county families.
At the turn of the nineteenth century, the county town of Cardigan remained the largest of the boroughs with a population of 1,911 in 1801, and was controlled by the Earl of Lisburne. Lisburne's heir, John Vaughan, held the seat unopposed from 1796. However, Aberystwyth experienced rapid population growth in this period and its population reached 1,758 by 1801. Aberystwyth was under the influence of Edward Loveden Loveden, of Gogerddan. Loveden had obtained the estate through his marriage to Margaret Pryse, and coveted a parliamentary seat for his son, Pryse Loveden, who had adopted the name Pryse Pryse upon inheriting the estate upon his mother's death in 1796.
However, the Lisburne interest remained predominant until after the closely contested election of 1812, when Vaughan defeated Herbert Evans of Highmead by eighty votes.
After this contest, Vaughan's position became untenable, and it was assumed that he would not to contest the next election. In 1816, following the death of Thomas Johnes, the member for the county, Pryse Pryse of Gogerddan withdrew in favour of William Edward Powell of Nanteos, in order to avoid a contest. This was a political as well as a personal compromise, since Powell was a Tory and Pryse a Whig. In 1818, Pryse was elected unopposed for the boroughs, and held the seat for over thirty years. In 1832 the Reform Act resulted in a larger electorate as householders of homes worth over £10 were enfranchised in the boroughs. The constituency was still dominated by the Loveden-Pryse family of Gogerddan. Pryse Pryse held the seat from 1818 until his death in 1849, except for the 1841 election (see below). By agreement between Pryse and William Edward Powell, who continued as member for the county until his resignation in 1854, neither challenged the other's domination and so elections were almost always unopposed.
The one exception was the 1841 election when there was a close contest with John Harford, which was characterized by allegations of coercion. The contest was attended by a great deal of confusion. The poll books for Aberystwyth were either lost or stolen and never reached the returning officer, who came to the view that he should declare both candidates elected due to the uncertainty (the Conservative was slightly ahead in the polls from the other three parts). Neither of the two candidates could actually speak in the House of Commons until a committee determined the election, and it accepted the evidence that the Liberal candidate (Pryse) had outpolled the Conservative (Harford) by 305 to 285, enough to make his election secure, so he was given the seat.
In 1842, largely as a result of this episode, Pryse declared his support for the secret ballot.
Apart from 1855, when John Lloyd Davies won a byelection by 12 votes, the Conservatives never won the borough.
The last member to represent the constituency was David Davies from 1874 until 1885. When the county and borough constituencies were merged to form the Cardiganshire seat in 1885, David Davies comfortably won the election. In 1886, however, Davies joined the Liberal Unionists and was narrowly defeated at the General Election that year by the Liberal Party candidate.

## Members of Parliament
### Members of Parliament 1542-1640

As there were sometimes significant gaps between Parliaments held in this period, the dates of first assembly and dissolution are given. Where the name of the member has not yet been ascertained or (before 1558) is not recorded in a surviving document, the entry unknown is entered in the table.
| Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Member | Note |
| 1542 | 16 January 1542 | 28 March 1544 | unknown | |
| 1545 | 23 November 1545 | 31 January 1547 | Jenkin ap Rhees | |
| 1547 | 4 November 1547 | 15 April 1552 | John Cotton | History of Parliament gives Gruffydd Done |
| 1553 | 1 March 1553 | 31 March 1553 | Edward ap Howell | |
| 1553 | 5 October 1553 | 5 December 1553 | John Gwyn | |
| 1554 | 2 April 1554 | 3 May 1554 | John Powell | |
| 1554 | 12 November 1554 | 16 January 1555 | John Powell | History of Parliament gives John Gwyn |
| 1555 | 21 October 1555 | 9 December 1555 | Thomas Phaer | |
| 1558 | 20 January 1558 | 17 November 1558 | Thomas Phaer | |
| 1559 | 23 January 1559 | 8 May 1559 | Thomas Phaer | |
| 1562–3 | 11 January 1563 | 2 January 1567 | John Gwyn | |
| 1571 | 2 April 1571 | 29 May 1571 | Edward Davies | |
| 1572 | 8 May 1572 | 19 April 1583 | Edward Davies | |
| 1584 | 23 November 1584 | 14 September 1585 | Francis Cheyne | |
| 1586 | 13 October 1586 | 23 March 1587 | Francis Cheyne | |
| 1588 | 4 February 1589 | 29 March 1589 | Alban Stepney | |
| 1593 | 18 February 1593 | 10 April 1593 | Sir Ferdinando Gorges | |
| 1597 | 24 October 1597 | 9 February 1598 | Thomas Rawlins | |
| 1601 | 27 October 1601 | 19 December 1601 | William Aubrey Richard Delabere | Double return unresolved at the dissolution of Parliament |
| 1604 | 19 March 1604 | 9 February 1611 | William Bradshaw | |
| 1614 | 5 April 1614 | 7 June 1614 | Robert Wolverstone | |
| 1620 | 16 January 1621 | 8 February 1622 | Walter Overbury | |
| 12 January 1624 | 12 February 1624 | 27 March 1625 | Rowland Pugh | |
| 4 March 1625 | 17 May 1625 | 12 August 1625 | Rowland Pugh | |
| 12 January 1626 | 6 February 1626 | 15 June 1626 | Walter Overbury | |
| 31 March 1628 | 17 March 1628 | 10 March 1629 | John Vaughan | |
| 1640 | 13 April 1640 | 5 May 1640 | John Vaughan | |

### Members of Parliament 1640-1660

This sub-section includes the Long Parliament and the Rump Parliament, together with the Parliaments of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate (before the Convention Parliament of 1660).

#### Long Parliament

| Year | | Member | Party |
| November 1640 | writ delivered too late to make a return, new writ ordered | writ delivered too late to make a return, new writ ordered | writ delivered too late to make a return, new writ ordered |
| December 1640 | | John Vaughan | |
| 1645 | Vaughan expelled - seat vacant | Vaughan expelled - seat vacant | Vaughan expelled - seat vacant |
| 1646 | | Thomas Wogan | |
| 1653 | Cardigan was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate | Cardigan was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate | Cardigan was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate |
| January 1659 | | Col. Rowland Dawkins | |
| May 1659 | Unrepresented in the restored Rump | Unrepresented in the restored Rump | Unrepresented in the restored Rump |
| April 1660 | | James Philipps | |
| 1663 | | Sir Charles Cotterell | |
| 1679 | | Hector Phillips | |
| 1693 | | John Lewis | |
| 1698 | | Sir Charles Lloyd | |
| 1701 | | Henry Lloyd | |
| 1705 | | Lewis Pryse | |
| February 1710 | | Simon Harcourt | Tory |
| October 1710 | | John Meyrick | |
| 1712 | | Owen Brigstocke | |
| 1713 | | Sir George Barlow, 2nd Baronet | |
| 1715 | | Stephen Parry | |
| 1725 | | Thomas Powell | |
| 1727 | | Francis Cornwallis | |
| 1729 | | Richard Lloyd | |
| 1741 | | Thomas Pryse | |
| 1746 | | John Symmons | |
| 1761 | | Sir Herbert Lloyd, 1st Baronet | |
| 1768 | | Pryse Campbell | Whig |
| 1769 | | Ralph Congreve | |
| 1774 | | Sir Robert Smyth, 5th Baronet | |
| 1775 | | Thomas Johnes | |
| 1780 | | John Campbell | Pittite |
| 1796 | | Hon. John Vaughan | |
| 1818 | | Pryse Pryse | Whig |
| 1849 | | Pryse Loveden | Whig |
| 1855 | | John Lloyd Davies | Conservative |
| 1857 | | Edward Pryse | Radical |
| 1859 | | Edward Pryse | Liberal |
| 1868 | | Sir Thomas Lloyd, 1st Baronet | Liberal |
| 1874 | | David Davies | Liberal |
| 1885 | 1885 | Constituency abolished | Constituency abolished | Constituency abolished |

## Election results
### Elections in the 1830s

General election 1830: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold |
General election 1831: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold |
General election 1832: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,030 | |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold |
General election 1835: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 899 | |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold |
General election 1837: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 920 | |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold |

### Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | 305 | 51.7 | N/A |
| | Conservative | John Scandrett Harford | 285 | 48.3 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 20 | 3.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 590 | 70.9 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 832 | | |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |
Originally, both Pryse and Harford were returned after the poll books for two polling stations at Aberystwyth were lost, with 226 votes recorded for Harford and 163 for Pryse. After extensive evidence, however, a committee determined the above results and Harford was declared unelected.
General election 1847: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 761 | | |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold | Whig hold |
Pryse's death caused a by-election.
By-election, 12 February 1849: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | 299 | 50.7 | N/A |
| | Conservative | John Scandrett Harford | 291 | 49.3 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8 | 1.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 590 | 89.8 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 657 | | |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |

### Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Whig | Pryse Pryse | 299 | 51.5 | N/A |
| | Conservative | John Inglis Jones | 282 | 48.5 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17 | 3.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 581 | 68.4 | N/A |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 849 | | |
| | Whig hold | Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |
Loveden (as Pryse was known at the time) died, causing a by-election.
By-election, 24 February 1855: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | John Lloyd Davies | 298 | 51.0 | +2.5 |
| | Whig | John Evans | 286 | 49.0 | −2.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 12 | 2.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 584 | 68.8 | +0.4 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 849 | | |
| | Conservative gain from Whig | Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | +2.5 | |
General election 1857: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Radical | Edward Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 837 | | |
| | Radical gain from Whig | Radical gain from Whig | Radical gain from Whig | Radical gain from Whig | Radical gain from Whig |
General election 1859: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Edward Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 673 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |

### Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Edward Pryse | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 685 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |
General election 1868: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Thomas Lloyd | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,561 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |

### Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | David Davies | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,946 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |

### Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Cardigan Boroughs :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | David Davies | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 2,280 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |