OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Primas Germaniae

Primas Germaniae is a historical title of honor for the most important Catholic bishop (the Primate) in the German lands. Throughout the history of the Holy Roman Empire, it was claimed by the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier, Magdeburg and Salzburg alike. Actual prerogatives, however, were exercised by bishops holding the rank of an Apostolic legatus natus. While Mainz, Trier and Magdeburg lost the primatial dignity upon the 1648 Peace of Westphalia and the Napoleonic Secularisation in 1802, the Salzburg archbishops bear the title up to today.

## History

A first Concilium Germanicum synod, in order to reform the Germanic bishoprics in the Frankish Kingdom, was summoned by the Anglo-Saxon missionary Boniface in AD 742. When he received the archiepiscopal title and the jurisdiction over the Diocese of Mainz three years later, he tried to establish Mainz as the see of an ecclesiastical province (metropolis), rivalling with the Irish bishop Vergilius of Salzburg. The Mainz bishopric was not elevated to an archdiocese until about 780; nevertheless, Boniface's successors ruled over the largest ecclesiastical province in Germany by far, held the office of a German archchancellor, and also were members of the electoral college voting for the King of the Romans and Emperor-to-be.
Since about 900 the Primas Germaniae title is documented, held by the Archbishops of Mainz as the most important metropolitan bishop and most noble Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, though it was never awarded officially. Several archbishops made successful attempts to obtain the legatus natus title, such as Willigis, Adalbert of Saarbrücken, and Conrad of Wittelsbach. They were, however, not able to enforce any political supremacy.
The Archbishop of Mainz remained primus inter pares of the German Prince-electors and chairman of the council of Prince-electors at the Imperial Diet, holding the right to convoke and to preside over the convent to elect a new emperor. With the German mediatisation and the Final Recess of the Imperial Deputation (Reichsdeputationshauptschluss) of 1803, the Mainz electorate was abolished and its historic dignities were transferred to the newly established Principality of Regensburg, created for the former archbishop Karl Theodor von Dalberg, who retained the Primas Germaniae title until his death in 1817.
The honorary title Primas Germaniae also was held by the most noble ecclesiastical member of the Council of the Princes at the Imperial Diet: first the Archbishop of Magdeburg until the see of Magdeburg was secularized in 1648; thereafter the Archbishop of Salzburg.
# Opal Lake

Opal Lake, also known as Necklace Valley Lake 3, is a freshwater lake located on the western region of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, in King County, Washington. The lake is connected by stream to Emerald Lake and Jade Lake, which form together the Neckelace Valley Lakes. Opal Lake and its surrounding lakes and peaks are a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing Rainbow trout. Self-issued Alpine Lake Wilderness permit required for transit within the Necklace Valley area.

## History

Opal Lake is one of the Necklace Valley Lakes, which includes nearby Jade Lake and Emerald Lake. The lakes form a topographic sequence that reminds of a necklace, hence the name makes reference to a necklace strung with streams in between. The Necklace Valley was the site of mining, camping sites on Opal Lake and surrounding sites still contain mining instruments and remnants of mining activity.

## Location

Access to Opal Lake and other Necklace Valley Lakes is through Necklace Valley Trail #1062. The trailhead is approximately 4.5 miles into Forest Road 68, east of the Skykomish Ranger Station. The trail mostly follows the East Fork Foss River until it reaches the granite slopes of Necklace Valley. The trail is approximately 9 miles until it ends in Opal Lake by interruption from massive shattered granite boulders, calved off the sheer granite cliffs at the base of the valley. In between the granite cliffs, each lake connects to the next by small meadows where camping sites are located.
# Homalopoma parvum

Homalopoma parvum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colloniidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 1.6 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.

## Original description

* Huang S.-I, Fu I-F. & Poppe G.T. (2016). Taiwanese and Philippine Colloniidae. Nomenclatural remarks and the description of 17 new species (Gastropoda: Colloniidae). Visaya. 4(5): 4-42. page(s): 23.
# One by One in the Darkness

One by One in the Darkness is a novel by Northern Irish author Deirdre Madden, published in 1996 by Faber & Faber. The novel explores the Troubles from a Catholic Nationalist point of view. The book was shortlisted for the Women's Prize for Fiction.

## Background

Madden began writing the book in 1994, just before the anniversary of British troops arriving in Northern Ireland.

## Summary

Three Northern Irish sisters growing up in Ulster deal with political violence during the Troubles.

## Reception

In a retrospective review published in 2018, The Irish Times said the book was "more relevant than ever" and said it should be assigned reading in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
The New Hibernia Review noted the book "demonstrates the impossibility of pure forgiveness in the circumstances".

## Awards

One by One in the Darkness was shortlisted for the Women's Prize for Fiction in 1997. The award website said the novel "confirms Deirdre Madden’s reputation as one of Irish fiction’s most outstanding talents."
# Hope Township, Lincoln County, Minnesota

Hope Township is a township in Lincoln County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 292 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.8 square miles (90 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 292 people, 109 households, and 82 families residing in the township. The population density was 8.4 inhabitants per square mile (3.2/km$^2$). There were 117 housing units at an average density of 3.4 per square mile (1.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.97% White, 0.34% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races.
There were 109 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.4% were married couples living together, 0.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.9% were non-families. 20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the township the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $41,667, and the median income for a family was $44,750. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $19,583 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,916. About 6.2% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# Raphael Blau

Raphael David Blau (August 11, 1912 – March 31, 1996) was an American screenwriter who co-wrote the story for Bedtime for Bonzo (1951), among other film productions.
Blau was raised in New York City and London. His first film credit was for Mother Is a Freshman (1949). Based on seeing research speculation that a chimpanzee might be able to be raised like a human child, he conceived of the Bedtime for Bonzo story. He shared a script with his brother-in-law, Ted Berkman, and becoming partners on this and other projects, both received a story credit for the film. Fear Strikes Out (1957) about the baseball player Jimmy Piersall brought Blau and Berkman their greatest acclaim.
In 1962, Blau and his wife Helen moved to Nova Scotia. Their son Joel Blau is a professor at Stony Brook University School of Social Welfare in New York. Their daughter Deborah Blau is a graphic artist and tour guide who lives in New York City.
# James Eckford Lauder

James Eckford Lauder RSA (15 August 1811 – 27 March 1869) was a notable mid-Victorian Scottish artist, famous for both portraits and historical pictures.

## Life and work

A younger brother of artist Robert Scott Lauder, he was born at Silvermills, Edinburgh, the 5th and youngest son of John Lauder of Silvermills (proprietor of the great tannery there) by his spouse Helen née Tait. Under the guidance and encouragement of his elder brother Robert, an early love of art was rapidly developed.
James Eckford Lauder attended Edinburgh Academy from 1824 to 1828. In 1834, he joined Robert in Italy, and remained there nearly four years. Upon his return to Edinburgh he became an annual contributor to the Exhibitions of the Royal Scottish Academy, and exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy in London, where his works attracted much attention.
In 1839, he was elected an associate, and in 1846 became full member, of the Royal Scottish Academy entitling him to the postnominals 'RSA' after his name. In 1847, he sent to the competition in Westminster Hall The Parable of Forgiveness for which he was awarded a premium of two hundred pounds. One of his most successful works, The Wise and Foolish Virgins, was engraved by Lumb Stocks for the Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in Scotland.
He never married and died from "exhaustion", at 16 Salisbury Street, Edinburgh.
He is buried with his brother in Warriston Cemetery on the eastern edge of the westmost path, towards the south end of the original cemetery.
The following are said to be amongst his principal pictures:
* Hagar
* The Unjust Servant (see Parable of the Unjust Steward)
* The Wise and Foolish Virgins
* Scene from The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1841)
* Cherries (1842)
* Hop-Scotch (1843)
* Night and Day (1845)
* Bailie Duncan McWheeble at Breakfast (1854)
* James Watt and the Steam Engine (1855; National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh)
* Self-portrait
* Sir Walter Scott
# Jerry DeLucca

Gerald Joseph DeLucca (July 17, 1936 – January 8, 2017) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles. He also played in the American Football League (AFL) for the Boston Patriots and the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Middle Tennessee State University.

## Early years

Delucca attended Peabody Veterans Memorial High School, before moving on to University of Tennessee, where he was named to the second-team sophomore All-SEC team. He later transferred to Middle Tennessee State University.

## Professional career
### Chicago Bears

DeLucca was selected by the Chicago Bears in the seventh round (84th overall) of the 1957 NFL draft. He spent from 1957 to 1958 serving his military service. On September 23, 1959, he was traded to the Philadelphia Eagles.

### Philadelphia Eagles

In 1959, he was a starter at left tackle for the Philadelphia Eagles.

### Dallas Cowboys

DeLucca was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the 1960 NFL Expansion Draft and was released before the start of the season.

### Boston Patriots (first stint)

On September 23, 1960, he was signed as a free agent by the Boston Patriots of the American Football League and became a part of their inaugural season. He was a two-year starter at right tackle, before being traded to the Buffalo Bills in exchange for a draft choice on September 4, 1962.

### Buffalo Bills

DeLucca played for Buffalo Bills in all 14 games of the 1962 season. On April 11, 1963, he was traded to the Dallas Texans in exchange for a draft choice.

### Boston Patriots (second stint)

On April 23, 1963, he was re-acquired by the Boston Patriots in exchange for a draft choice, to provide depth after tackle Milt Graham was lost to injury. He was released on November 7, to make room for a healthy Graham. DeLucca was cut early on the 1964 season, but was re-signed on November 27, to provide depth because of injuries.
# Rosalie Pouzère

Rosalie Pouzère (née Moussoukourou; born 1944) is a Central African politician and a former member of National Assembly.

## Early life and education

Born in 1944 in Djemah, Rosalie Pouzère was born with the name Rosalie Moussoukourou and belongs to the Vungara clan of Zande. Her family was related to the former sultans of the eastern Central African Republic region. She and her family moved to Bangui at six years old. In Bangui, she enrolled in the school and converted to Catholic. During her youth, she joined organizations such as A Ita Koue and Association nationale des étudiants centrafricains (ANECA). For the former, she became the leader.
She then moved to France to continue her studies and finished it with a master's degree in business law.

## Career

After marrying Henri Pouzère, she moved to Gabon due to her husband opposition to Bokassa. Pouzère worked as a banker in Gabon until 2004.
In 2005, she returned to Central African Republic and ran for the 2005 election as a National Assembly member candidate representing Djemah district. She was elected. In National Assembly, she joined the opposition faction. As an opposition, she criticized the lack of government action in solving the LRA issue in Haut-Mbomou.
As of 2022, she was a member of the executive board of Directoire de Citoyens Debout et Solidaires.

## Work

* Fleur de Djemah (2016)
# José Maslucán

José Alfonso Maslucán Culqui is a Peruvian politician. He was a Congressman representing Amazonas for the period 2006–2011, and belongs to the Union for Peru party.
# Myopia (Tom Fogerty album)

Myopia is Tom Fogerty's fourth solo album. It was released by Fantasy Records in 1974. The cover painting is called "One Beat of Dove's Wing" by Paul Whitehead.

## Track listing

All songs written by Tom Fogerty.
* "Give Me Another Trojan Song" – 2:59
* "What Did I Know" – 2:35
* "Theme from Four-D" – 3:11
* "Sweet Things to Come" – 2:11
* "What About Tomorrow" – 4:23
* "She La La La" – 3:01
* "And I Love You" – 2:23
* "Get Up" – 2:07
* "There Was a Time" – 3:09
* "Show Down" – 2:35

## Personnel

* Doug Clifford – percussion, drums
* Stu Cook – bass
* Russell DaShiell – guitar
* Tom Fogerty – guitar, vocals
* Russ Gary – guitar, vocals
* Stephen Miller – keyboards
* Tom Phillips – guitar
* Stovall Sisters – vocals
# Hongo Tokihisa

Hongō Tokihisa (北郷 時久, 1530 – March 1, 1596) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, who served the Shimazu clan.
In 1573, Tokihisa defeated an attack led by the Kimotsuki clan. In 1578 he would suppress a rebel coalition of former Itō retainers.
After Toyotomi Hideyoshi had invaded the lands of Kyūshū in 1587 and forced the Shimazu into surrender by that same year, Tokihisa acted as Hideyoshi's hostage, henceforth placed at Miyanojo castle in Hyuga Province, on the condition of his cooperation.
He has a son, Hongo Tadatora, who also served the Shimazu clan.
# Mylson

Edmilson de Carvalho (born 19 June 1994), better known as Mylson, is an Angolan musician.

## Early life

Born as Edmilson de Carvalho on 19 June 1994 in Lubango, Angola. He moved to the capital city of Luanda at a very young age, where he gradually developed his passion for music.

## Career

Mylson was discovered in 2011 when he was 16 years of age, by Angolan music producer Aires no Beat and manager Mahinga Russo. They were interviewed and featured in the 150th episode of the Portuguese RTP1 TV series Bem-Vindos a Beirais. Mylson has released one official single entitled, "Deixa Eu Te Amar", which was among the top songs of 2014. Mylson performed the song on different TV stations and events, including TPA Hora-Quente, and TPA 2 Tchillar and performed on the most audience TV station TV Zimbo show Made in Angola led by the best known TV producer in Angola DJ Salsa. On 13 September 2014, he performed on the Angola Music Awards for the first time, being one of the most applauded and receiving great reviews from critics. He also featured on DJ Malvado Jr. aka Edy Rodrigues album, on a song entitled Beija-me featuring C4 Pedro.
His album is set to be released and the end of 2014, from LP Produções and featuring Aires no Beat and Symon Sollo as producers and composers.

### Discography

| Title | Composers | Album |
| "Deixa Eu Te Amar" | Aires Francisco; Delcio Costa; Edmilson "Mylson" Carvalho; King | Official single |
| "Saudade" | Aires "no beat" Francisco; Airton Culanda; Edmilson "Mylson" Carvalho | Promo single |
| "Cansei" | Aires "no beat" Francisco; Edmilson "Mylson" Carvalho; Justin Chalice | Promo single |
| "Beija-me" | Aires "no beat" Francisco; C4 Pedro | DJ Malvado Jr. (Edy Rodrigues) |
# Cougar C20

The Cougar C20 was a Group C sports car prototype used in sports car racing from 1987 to 1990.

## Development history and technology

The Cougar C20, a closed Group C prototype, was developed by Yves Courage in 1987 and prepared for the respective races by his own racing team, the Courage Compétition. Powered by a 3-liter Porsche 6-cylinder turbocharged engine, the race car made its debut at the 1987 1000 km Monza race. The vehicle was driven by Joël Gouhier and Hervé Regout, who finished ninth overall after eleventh place on the grid.

## Racing history

The greatest success for this type of vehicle was third place overall in the 1987 24 Hours of Le Mans, driven by Regout, Yves Courage, and Pierre-Henri Raphanel.
In 1988, the C20B brought an evolutionary step to the racetrack. Both variants were used in parallel for a year, and from 1989, the B version was Courage's emergency vehicle for two years. However, this vehicle was only rolled to the start four times. 1988 at the 1000 km race of Monza and in Silverstone, as well as 1989 and 1990 at the 24-hour race of Le Mans. At Le Mans, the cars were entered in the smaller prototype class - the C2 class. There was a victory in this class in 1989 by Jean-Claude Andruet, Philippe Farjon, and Shunji Kasuya.
# Raphael Bostic

Raphael W. Bostic (born June 5, 1966) is an American economist, academic, and public servant who has served as the 15th president and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta since 2017. During his academic career, Bostic served as chair of the Department of Governance, Management, and the Policy Process at the Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California.

## Early life

Bostic was born to Rafael Theodore Bostic of St. Croix and Viola Williams in New York City and grew up in Delran Township, New Jersey, where he was valedictorian of Delran High School. He earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree from Harvard University in 1987 with a combined major in economics and psychology. In 1995, he earned his doctorate in economics from Stanford University.

## Career

Bostic served as a board member of Freddie Mac, the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and Abode Communities. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration, vice president of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, a member of the board of trustees of Enterprise Community Partners, and a research advisory board member of the Reinvestment Fund.
Bostic was an economist for the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1995 to 2001, and the assistant secretary for policy development and research at United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 2009 to 2012. He was the Chair of the Department on Governance, Management and the Policy Process at the Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California from 2012 to 2017.
In 2020, Bostic wrote an essay for the FRB Atlanta entitled, "A Moral and Economic Imperative to End Racism." In it he wrote that systematic racism drags on the economy.
On October 14, 2022, Bostic failed to disclose stock trading transactions in the five years leading the bank that were revealed after a federal investigation. Bostic stated a 3rd party manager had made the transactions, unknowingly to him. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell has asked the Office of Inspector General for the Federal Reserve Board to initiate an independent review of President Bostic's financial disclosures.
On September 11, 2024, the Office of the Inspector General reported that Bostic had "violated the FOMC blackout rule when securities transactions were executed on his behalf during multiple blackout periods."

### Political future

Throughout his career, Bostic has been mentioned as a potential nominee for a variety of roles in the federal government. In November 2020, Bostic was named as a potential candidate for Secretary of the Treasury in the then-upcoming Biden administration, a position that ultimately went to Janet Yellen.
In August 2021, Bostic was mentioned as a contender for the position of Comptroller of the Currency. He has recently been mentioned as a possible replacement for Jerome Powell as Chair of the Federal Reserve, before he was re-nominated for a second four-year term.

## Personal life

Bostic is the first African-American and first openly gay person selected to lead a regional Federal Reserve bank.
# Rosalie Plains, Queensland

Rosalie Plains is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Rosalie Plains had a population of 54 people.

## Geography

The Pechey-Maclagan Road enters the locality from the south (Balgowan), travels north and then west through the locality, exiting to the west (Brymaroo). The Oakey–Cooyar Road enters the locality from the north (Kulpi), intersects with Pechey-Maclagan Road and continues south on the same route as the Pechey-Maclagan Road to Balgowan.
The land use is a mix of crop growing and grazing on native vegetation.

## History

The locality takes its name from an early pastoral run that was held by Robert Ramsay in the late 1840s.
In 1877, 11,500 acres (4,700 ha) were resumed from the Rosalie Plains pastoral run and offered for selection on 17 April 1877.
Ashlea Provisional School opened in January 1907. On 1 January 1909, it became Ashlea State School, being renamed Rosalie Plains State School in 1916. It closed circa 1944. It was on the eastern side of Old Rosalie School Road (27°12′15″S 151°39′42″E﻿ / ﻿27.20427°S 151.66179°E﻿ / -27.20427; 151.66179﻿ (Rosalie Plains State School (former))). Despite the name, the school was in the present-day locality of neighbouring Brymaroo.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Rosalie Plains had a population of 44 people.
In the 2021 census, Rosalie Plains had a population of 54 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Rosalie Plains. The nearest government primary school is Kulpi State School in neighbouring Kulpi to the north. The nearest government secondary schools are Quinalow State School (to Year 10) in Quinalow to the north-west and Oakey State High School (to Year 12) in Oakey.
# Jan Drozdowski

Jan Drozdowski (1857–1918) was a Polish pianist and music teacher.
Drozdowski was born (1857-02-02)2 February 1857 in Kraków. He was the son of Stanisław Magdzicki, who took part in the Kraków uprising and founded one of the first piano factories in Poland under the name Jan Drozdowski in Kraków. Jan received a thorough musical education. From 1876 to 1880 he studied piano with Josef Dachs and music theory with Anton Bruckner at the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna. After returning to Poland, he continued his studies with Aleksander Michałowski. From 1 December 1889 he led the piano class at the Academy of Music in Kraków until his death on (1918-01-21)21 January 1918.
Adolf Chybiński was one of his students.