OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cryptocarya nitens

Cryptocarya nitens is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to Southeast Asia. It is a tree with elliptic to lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves, greenish-white flowers, and shining purplish-black drupes.

## Description

Cryptocarya nitens is a tree that typically grows to a height of 8–30 m (26–98 ft) and a dbh of 15–30 cm (5.9–11.8 in), its branchlets covered with soft, rust-coloured hairs. Its leaves are arranged alternately, leathery, elliptic to oblong or egg-shaped, mostly 75–230 mm (3.0–9.1 in) long, 35–105 mm (1.4–4.1 in) wide on a petiole 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long. Both surfaces of the leaves are glabrous, sometimes with hairs on the larger veins. The flowers are arranged in panicles in leaf axils and on the ends of branchlets. They are sessile and greenish-white and covered with soft, rust-coloured hairs. The floral tube is bell-shaped, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, the perianth segments elliptic to lance-shaped and 1.3–1.8 mm (0.051–0.071 in) long but fall off early. The stamen are 1.2–1.6 mm (0.05–0.06 in) long, hairy with a bright yellow anther. Flowering occurs from March to October, and the fruit is a spherical, shining black drupe, 8–16 mm (0.3–0.6 in) in diameter containing a single seed.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1851 by Carl Ludwig Blume whio gave it the name Tetranthera nitens in the his Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum sive stirpium Exoticarum, Novarum vel Minus Cognitarum ex Vivis aut Siccis Brevis Expositio et Descriptio. In 1904, Sijfert Hendrik Koorders and Theodoric Valeton transferred the species to Cryptocarya as C. nitens in the journal Mededeelingen Uit's Lands Platentuin. The specific epithet (nitens) means "to shine", referring to the glossy green leaves of this species.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of Cryptocarya grows on riversides on open hill to lowland forest at altitudes up to 250 m (820 ft) in Southern Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java and Christmas Island in Australia.

## Ecology

Cryptocarya nitens is an important food for pigeons.
# Norwalk Township, Huron County, Ohio

Norwalk Township is one of the nineteen townships of Huron County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census the population of the township was 3,451.

## Geography

Located on the northern edge of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Milan Township, Erie County - north
* Berlin Township, Erie County - northeast corner
* Townsend Township - east
* Hartland Township - southeast corner
* Bronson Township - south
* Peru Township - southwest corner
* Ridgefield Township - west
* Oxford Township, Erie County - northwest corner
Two municipalities are located in Norwalk Township: most of the city of Norwalk — the county seat of Huron County — occupying the majority of the township, and part of the village of Milan in the north.

## Name and history

Norwalk Township was named after Norwalk, Connecticut.
It is the only Norwalk Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Postage stamps and postal history of the Niger Coast Protectorate

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Niger Coast Protectorate.
The Niger Coast Protectorate was a British protectorate in the Oil Rivers area of present-day Nigeria, originally established as the Oil Rivers Protectorate in 1891 and confirmed at the Berlin Conference the following year, renamed on 12 May 1893, and merged with the chartered territories of the Royal Niger Company on 1 January 1900 to form the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

## Oil Rivers Protectorate

The main post office was established at Old Calabar in November 1891; sub-offices existed at Benin, Bonny, Brass, Opobo, and Warri. Initially the postage stamps of Britain were used; in July 1892 they were overprinted with "BRITISH / PROTECTORATE / OIL / RIVERS". A pressing need for halfpenny values in mid-1893 resulted in a variety of surcharges on 2d and 21⁄2d stamps. While most simply read "HALF / PENNY", with a horizontal bar to obliterate the old value, some were overprinted "1/2 d" twice, with the intent that they be bisected diagonally to produce two 1/2d stamps.

## Niger Coast Protectorate

A name change occurred just as new stamps were being prepared, and so the first issue of the Niger Coast Protectorate, featuring a 3/4 portrait of Queen Victoria, was inscribed "OIL RIVERS" but obliterated and re-engraved "NIGER COAST" in a way which makes it look like an overprint. Available in November 1893 in six denominations with various colors, they were superseded the following May by stamps in a new design and the correct inscription. This design continued for the remainder of the protectorate's existence, with a change over to use the "Crown & CA" watermark from 1897 onwards (the paper had previously been unwatermarked) and an additional three denominations.
Stamps of the Niger Coast Protectorate were superseded by those of Southern Nigeria Protectorate from January 1900
# National Matching Service

National Matching Services (NMS) specializes in the development and administration of Matching Programs. NMS was founded in 1985, after developing sophisticated matching algorithms and software for the placement of physicians into residencies in the US. Since then, NMS has implemented Matching Programs in a number of industries and professions, including osteopathic medicine, psychology, dentistry, pharmacy, and optometry. NMS is headquartered in Toronto.
Matching Programs place applicants into positions based on lists of preferred choices submitted by applicants and recruiters. A Matching Program eliminates premature decisions based on incomplete information by allowing all offers, acceptances or rejections to occur at the same time. Therefore many common adverse situations are eliminated from the recruitment process, such as applicants hoarding multiple offers, applicants reneging on a prior acceptance in order to accept a more preferred subsequent offer, and recruiters overfilling the number of positions available. Applicants and recruiters benefit from having full choice of all potential placements. The best strategy for both applicants and recruiters is to submit preference lists that reflect their true preferences.
# Tarik Ibn Ziad

Tarik Ibn Ziad is a town in northern Algeria.
36°00′N 2°09′E﻿ / ﻿36.000°N 2.150°E﻿ / 36.000; 2.150
* This article about a location in Aïn Defla Province is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants

The Japanese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (JICPA) is the sole organization for Certified Public Accountants (CPA) in Japan. It was originally formed in 1949 as a self-regulatory association, and reorganized under the Certified Public Accountants Act in 1966. To practice as a CPA, a person must register with the JICPA and join its membership. The JICPA, through its various committees and project teams, carries out a wide range of activities from self-regulation to the provision of services to its members.
# Gillingham, Wisconsin

Gillingham (/ˈɡɪlɪŋhæm/, also /ˈɡɪlɪŋəm/) is an unincorporated community located in the town of Marshall, Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. Gillingham is located on Wisconsin Highway 56 7 miles (11 km) north-northwest of Richland Center. The post office was opened in 1880 with Hugh Morrow as the first postmaster. It was named for John Gillingham, who had encouraged Morrow to move to the area.
# Mongke (disambiguation)

Mongke (also Mönkh, Monkh, Munkh) means "eternal" in Mongolian language and may refer to:

## Peoples
### Medieval

* Möngke Khan (1209–1259), Great khan of the Mongol Empire
* Yesü Möngke, khan of Chagatai khanate, 1247–1252
* Mengu-Timur (d. 1282), also known as Mongke Temur, khan of the Golden Horde, 1267–1280
* Tuda-Mengu, also known as Tode Mongke, khan of the Golden Horde from 1280 to 1287
* Möngke Temür, also known as Mengtemu, chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchen 1405–1433
* Batumöngke Dayan Khan, khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty 1479–1517

### Modern

* Mengke Bateer, Chinese professional basketball player, formerly in the NBA.
* Uranchimegiin Mönkh-Erdene, amateur boxer from Mongolia
* Mönkhbaataryn Bundmaa, judoka for Mongolia

## Geographic and populated places

* Mount Mönkh Saridag, mountain located in Mongolian-Russian border.
* Mount Mönkhkhairkhan, mountain in Mongolia.
* Mönkhkhairkhan, Khovd, district of Khovd Province
# Hawton, Indiana

Hawton is an unincorporated community in Cass Township, Sullivan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.
The community is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Hawton is located at 39°07′35″N 87°18′40″W﻿ / ﻿39.12639°N 87.31111°W﻿ / 39.12639; -87.31111.
# Crypsiphona

Crypsiphona is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

## Species

* Crypsiphona amaura Meyrick, 1888
* Crypsiphona melanosema Meyrick, 1888
* Crypsiphona ocultaria (Donovan, 1805)
# Cochineal Red

Cochineal Red may refer to:
* the red pigment carmine
* Cochineal Red A, a synthetic colourant known as Ponceau 4R
* Cochineal Red: travels through ancient Peru, 2006 travel book by Hugh Thomson
# Postage stamps and postal history of the Maldives

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Maldives.
The Maldive Islands are located in the Indian Ocean and are formed by a double chain of twenty-six atolls stretching in a north-south direction off India's Lakshadweep islands, between Minicoy Island and Chagos Archipelago. They stand in the Laccadive Sea, about seven hundred kilometers south-west of Sri Lanka.

## First stamps

The first stamps used in the islands were overprinted stamps of Ceylon issued on 9 September 1906. When those ran out, un-overprinted stamps of Ceylon were used.
The first stamps inscribed "Maldives" were issued on 15 May 1909.

## Independence

On 26 July 1965, the sultanate gained independence from the United Kingdom.
In 1968, the Republic of Maldives was established.
# Changi (disambiguation)

Changi is the area in eastern Singapore.
Changi may also refer to:
* Changi (musical instrument), traditional in Georgia
* Changi (TV series)
* Changi, Iran, a village in Tehran Province
* Changi Air Base
* Changi Airport in Singapore
* Changi Airport MRT station
* Changi Airport Skytrain
* Changi Business Park
* Changi Depot
* Changi Exhibition Centre
* Changi General Hospital
* Changi Murals, painted by Stanley Warren in Changi Prison 1942-1943
* Changi Naval Base
* Changi Prison
* Changi Sailing Club
* Changi Tree, a notably tall tree in Changi
* Changi University, the nickname of a program of education for detainees in the Changi Prisoner of War camp during World War II
* Changi Village
# Pauline Morrow Austin

Pauline "Polly" Morrow Austin (December 18, 1916 – August 29, 2011) was an American physicist and meteorologist known for her work on weather radar.

## Early life and education

Austin (nee Pauline Morrow) was born in 1916 in Kingsville, Texas. She was raised in Mexico and homeschooled for most of her childhood by her parents who were educational missionaries. However, for the sophomore and senior years of high school she attended North Avenue Presbyterian School in Atlanta, Georgia.
Austin received a BA in mathematics from Wilson College in 1938 where she was a student of Dorothy Weeks. She then went on to earn an MA from Smith College in 1939 and a PhD in Physics from MIT in 1942. At MIT, Austin was the student and protégé of Julius Stratton, an electrical engineer and later president of MIT. Austin's dissertation was on the theory of propagation of electromagnetic radiation through Earth's atmosphere.

## Career

Austin began her career in the MIT Radiation Laboratory, where she contributed to the development of Long Range Navigation (LORAN) and radar in World War II. She was praised in the New York Times on January 18, 1942, as one of nine women contributing wartime science and technology. Her work contributed to the then new application of radar to weather.
In 1946, she joined the newly formed MIT Weather Radar Project as the expert on electromagnetic theory. In this work she compared radar echoes to the amount of rainfall, improving the use of radar to predict weather patterns. In 1947 she became a founding and only woman member of the American Meteorological Society's Committee on Radar Meteorology. From 1956-1980 she directed the Weather Radar Project. During her time as Director, she taught radar meteorology and advised graduate students in the MIT Department of Meteorology (now part of the MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences). Her research focused on the measurement of rain by radar and in 1974 her project deployed a shipborne radar to measure rainfall over the tropical ocean as part of the Global Atmospheric Research Program's Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE).
From 1953-1955, Austin also worked as a lecturer at Wellesley College.

## Personal life

Austin met James Murdoch Austin during graduate school at MIT. They wed in 1941 and remained at MIT, where he became a long-time Professor of Meteorology and an early television weather forecaster. Pauline collaborated with him for some of the earliest inclusion of radar observations in television weather reports. They had two daughters together: Doris A. Price of Annapolis, Maryland and Carol T. West of Gainesville, Florida.
After her husband's death in 2000, Austin moved to Gainesville, Florida, to be nearer to one of her daughters. Throughout most of her working and retired life, Austin was an avid golfer. In her later years, she volunteered at the Florida Museum of Natural History.

## Legacy

In 2016, Austin was memorialized with an exhibit in the Green Building at MIT, and in 2017, MIT produced a biographical video highlighting her career as one of the first women to earn a Ph.D. in physics from MIT.
# Japanese Hydro-electric Power Plant

The Japanese Hydro-electric Power Plant is a former hydroelectric power generation plant and historic site in Kolonia, the capital of Pohnpei State in the Federated States of Micronesia. The site is historically and culturally important as a representative of three different eras in the island's history. The site is important in the culture of Pohnpei as a location of high-quality stones gathered for use in ritual ceremonies involving the pounding of kava and drinking preparations from the plant. In the early 1900s, when Pohnpei was administered as part of German New Guinea, the German administration established an experimental forest, planting a diversity of trees from around the world, some of which continue to thrive in the area. Finally, in the 1920s, during the Japanese South Seas Mandate, a hydroelectric facility was built here. When the property was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1976 (during the US-administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands period) the concrete power plant building and water catchment basin survived.
# Jean Kaltenbach

Jean Kaltenbach (5 April 1927 – 16 April 2021) was a French politician. A member of the Rally for the Republic, he served as President of the Regional Council of Champagne Ardenne [fr] from 1988 to 1998.

## Biography

Kaltenbach began his career as a pharmacist in Eurville. He then became Mayor of Eurville in 1965, serving until the commune merged with Bienville in 1972. He then served as the first Mayor of Eurville-Bienville from 1972 to 2001. During the 1982 French cantonal elections, he became General Councilor of the Canton of Chevillon [fr], serving until 1988.
Following Bernard Stasi's resignation as President of the Regional Council of Champagne-Ardenne in 1988, Kaltenbach succeeded him. He was re-elected in 1992 with support from the Rally for the Republic (RPR) and the Union for French Democracy (UDF). He opted not to run for re-election in 1998 due to disagreements within the RPR-UDF coalition.
Jean Kaltenbach died on 16 April 2021 at the age of 94.
# Hector Sohier

Hector Sohier was a 16th-century Normand architect. He is the author of many buildings in Caen. He died around 1560.
   Sohier was not only a skilled builder, an original and resourceful mind, he still possessed to the highest degree the art of ensuring the admiration of his works over the centuries by inoculating them with the secret of beauty. Every detail in Saint-Pierre shows the most delicate taste and perhaps never has wealth possessed so much seductive charm. See instead these delicately carved friezes, where common objects almost vulgar are transformed by the whims of imagination, these historized capitals, which, approaching antiquity, have nothing of the classic coldness, these niches so brilliantly decorated, that they seem made to receive we do not know which admirable statues, these hanging keys where are sometimes spread out in miniatures of true monuments.... And all this is so to speak only the ordinary baggage, the more careful implementation of the decoration system generally practiced. But where the originality of Hector Sohier shines, it is in the composition of the buttresses and the balustrades, in these marvellous pinnacles with flared bases and multiplied bulges, which rise at each corner of the terraces, and give to the apse of Saint-Pierre this seal of nobility and elegance which makes its right reputation
. - Léon Palustre [fr] (1838-1894), director of the Société française d'archéologie [fr].

## Works

* Apse of the Church of Saint-Pierre, Caen (1518-1545)
* Apse of the Église Saint-Sauveur de Caen [fr] (1546)
* Château of Chanteloup

### Works formerly attributed to Hector Sohier

* Hôtel d'Escoville [fr].
* Choir and chapels of the Église du Vieux Saint-Sauveur de Caen [fr] (circa 1546).
* Château de Lasson (circa 1517).
* Apse of the église Saint-Pierre
* Vaults of the apse
* Lantern of the hotel d'Escoville
* Hotel skylight
* South wing of the Château de Lasson
* Choir of Vieux Saint-Sauveur
# Mongioia

The Cima Mongioia or simply Mongioia (in Italian) or Bric de Rubren (in French) is a 3,340 metres high mountain of the Cottian Alps.

## Toponymy

In the alpinistic and geographyc literature the mountain also appears as Grand Rubren or Monte Riouburent . On French maps is usually referred as Bric de Rubren.

## Geology

From a geological point of view the whole upper part of the mountain belongs to a complex of schists with ophiolites of a Jurassic-Cretaceous origin. Close to the summit an area of serpentinites can be noticed.

## Geography

The Mongioia belongs to the main chain of the Alps. Its Italian side is located in the upper part of the Varaita Valley, while the French one is at the end of the Ubaye valley.
From its summit three ridges branch out:
* the first, heading NW, divides two French dells, Vallon du Loup and Vallon de Rubren;
* the second heads South and consists in the stretch of the Alpine divide connecting the Mongioia with Passo Mongioia and Monte Giuep;
* the third, also belonging to the Alpine divide, heads East towards the Passo di Salza and Monte Salza.
The western face of Mongioia, facing the Vallon de Rubren, consists in sloping block fields, while the other faces of the mountain are steeper and rocky.

### SOIUSA classification

According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:
* main part = Western Alps
* major sector = South Western Alps
* section = Cottian Alps
* subsection = Southern Cottian Alps
* supergroup = Chambeyron group in the broad sense
* group = Mongioia group
* subgroup = Costiera del Mongioia
* code = I/A-4.I-A.3.a

## History

Mount Riouburent was considered by William Mathews the highest peak of Maritime Alps, but in his view the ridge ended north of Mongioia and not at Colle della Maddalena.
The first known attempt to climb the mountain was of the French militar topographer Loreilhe in 1823, but he didn't reach the summit. A second documented climb by François Arnaud (and the first with a detailed report) took place in 1875, and also turned unsuccessful. The summit of Mongioia was reached for the first time on the 20th of July 1878 by Paul Agnel and Joseph Risoul.

## Access to the summit

From the Italian side the Mongioia can be reached starting from the village of Sant'Anna (1,850 m, Comune of Bellino). Up to the Bivacco Franco Boerio (a wooden mountain shelter built in 1991, 3,089 m) one must follow marked footpaths. From there on some passage tracks, with an easy climb passage, allow to reach the metallic cross and the trig point on the summit (way up: 4-4.30 hours from Sant'Anna).
Another route reaches the Mongioia lake through the Vallon du Loup and the Passo di Salza.
# Hypatima spathota

Hypatima spathota is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is found in Japan, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan is 15–17 mm. The forewings are dark purple fuscous longitudinally streaked with black and with a dark brown streak above the fold from the base to four-fifths of the wing and a rather broad ochreous-whitish streak along the dorsum from the base to the tornus, then attenuated almost to the apex, including short blackish dashes on each side of the tornus, its upper edge with a short ochreous-whitish dash adjacent at two-fifths, and a similar but transverse mark at two-thirds. There is a fine white longitudinal line above the apical portion. The hindwings are fuscous, paler and thinly scaled anteriorly, with the veins and termen suffused with darker.
The larvae feed on Mangifera indica and Lannea grandis.
# Megachile saigonensis

Megachile saigonensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1920.