OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bund Blasting Device

The DRDO Bund Blasting Device (BBD) is a portable embankment blasting device that was developed by the Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in India. The device is designed for the controlled demolition of bunds or earthen embankments.

## Design

The Bund Blasting Device consists of a hollow charge initiation device and a main high-explosive (HE) filled projectile that is attached to a rocket motor. The hollow charge creates a pilot hole in the embankment, and the HE-filled projectile enters the hole and detonates, creating a large crater that lowers the height of the embankment.

## Testing and Development

In August 2014, the DRDO completed user-assisted technical trials of the Bund Blasting Device Mk.II. The tests were conducted by the Army's 120 Engineering Regiment at the Ramgarh range, and the new version of the device was found to be twice as effective as the Mk.I version, requiring only half the number of devices to achieve the same result. Before the Bund Blasting Device Mk.II can be deemed operational and handed over to military forces and production agencies, additional tests are scheduled to be conducted.

## Use

The Bund Blasting Device is expected to be used by the Indian military for the controlled demolition of bunds and earthen embankments.
# Neil Carmichael, Baron Carmichael of Kelvingrove

Neil George Carmichael, Baron Carmichael of Kelvingrove (10 October 1921 – 19 July 2001) was a Scottish politician. He was a Labour Member of Parliament (MP) in Glasgow from 1962 to 1983.

## Early life

Carmichael was the son of James Carmichael MP and the grandson of George Carmichael, a founder member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). He was educated at Eastbank Academy, in Shettleston, and the Royal College of Science and Technology, Glasgow. In the Second World War he was a conscientious objector. He was an engineer and a councillor on Glasgow Town Council.

## Parliamentary career

Carmichael was elected as MP for Glasgow Woodside at a by-election in November 1962 (maiden speech 17 December 1962 (669 c930-4)), and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the February 1974 election, when he was elected for Glasgow Kelvingrove. He served in Harold Wilson's governments in various positions including Parliamentary Secretary for Transport, Parliamentary Secretary for Technology and later Under Secretary for Environment.
In 1980 he introduced a private member's bill to make seatbelts compulsory, but it was "talked out" during the report stage
For the 1983 general election his constituency was abolished and merged with Glasgow Hillhead which had been won in a by-election by the former Labour Deputy Leader Roy Jenkins for the SDP. The two incumbent MPs fought each other, with Jenkins, now the SDP's leader, winning by 1,164 votes.

### Ministerial posts

He held the following ministerial posts during his time in the House of Commons:
* Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Transport (1967–1969)
* Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Technology (1969–1970)
* Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Department of the Environment (1974–1975)
* Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Department of Industry (1975–1976)

### House of Lords

Carmichael was created a Life peer as Baron Carmichael of Kelvingrove, of Camlachie in the District of the City of Glasgow on 10 October 1983. During his time in the House of Lords he became Labour's spokesman on transport and Scotland.

## Death

Carmichael died following a stroke after a long illness, according to Lord Graham of Edmonton.

## Personal life

He was married to Kay Carmichael, a Scottish political activist; from 1948 until they divorced in 1987. Together they had one daughter.
# Charlottetown-West Royalty

Charlottetown-West Royalty is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was created prior to the 2019 election from parts of the former districts Charlottetown-Lewis Point and West Royalty-Springvale.
The riding is located in the city of Charlottetown, including the neighbourhoods of Lewis Point and West Royalty.

## Election results
### Charlottetown-West Royalty, 2019–present

vte2023 Prince Edward Island general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Gord McNeilly | 1,207 | 45.1 | +9.9 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Kristi Mackay | 1,042 | 38.9 | +14.0 |
| | Green | Nick Leclair | 301 | 11.2 | -20.2 |
| | New Democratic | Simone Webster | 63 | 2.4 | +0.5 |
| | Independent | Jessica Simmonds | 36 | 1.3 | |
| | Island | Bill Cann | 28 | 1.0 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 2,677 | 100.0 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | +1.2 |
| Source(s) |||||||
vte2019 Prince Edward Island general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Gord McNeilly | 1,079 | 35.2 | +0.6 |
| | Green | Gavin Hall | 966 | 31.5 | +22.6 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Angus Birt | 766 | 25.0 | -4.1 |
| | Independent | Bush Dumville | 202 | 6.6 | |
| | New Democratic | Janis Newman | 56 | 1.8 | -25.6 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 3,069 | 100.0 |
| This is a newly created district |||||||
2015 Prince Edward Island general election redistributed results :
| Party | Party | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | 1,092 | 34.6 |
| | Progressive Conservative | 919 | 29.1 |
| | New Democratic | 863 | 27.4 |
| | Green | 281 | 8.9 |
| Source(s) Source: Ridingbuilder ||||

## Referendum and plebiscite results
### 2019 electoral reform referendum

The 2019 Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum was held on April 23, 2019.
# Göllüören, Mudurnu

Göllüören is a village in the Mudurnu District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 93 (2021).
# Nchangram

Nchangram is a village in the Peren district of Nagaland, India. It is located in the Tening Circle.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Nchangram has 498 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 83.75%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 2673 | 1411 | 1262 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 372 | 225 | 147 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 2666 | 1405 | 1261 |
| Literates | 1927 | 1027 | 900 |
| Workers (all) | 2000 | 1038 | 962 |
| Main workers (total) | 1033 | 528 | 505 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 820 | 404 | 416 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 9 | 7 | 2 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Main workers: Other | 199 | 113 | 86 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 967 | 510 | 457 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 852 | 451 | 401 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 12 | 9 | 3 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 100 | 48 | 52 |
| Non-workers | 673 | 373 | 300 |
# Buona la prima!

Buona la prima! is an Italian television series based on the format Schillerstraße.
# Buonaccorso da Montemagno

Buonaccorso da Montemagno was the name shared by two Italian scholars from Pistoia in Tuscany. The elder Buonaccorso da Montemagno (died 1390) was a jurisconsult and ambassador who made a compilation of Pistoia's statutes in 1371. Poems are uncertainly attributed to him.
The younger, Giovane Buonaccorso da Montemagno (Pistoia 1391/93 — Florence 16 December 1429), nephew of the elder, was a Renaissance humanist. He was a judge in the Santa Croce quarter of Florence (1421) and in September of that year was appointed Maestro in the Studio fiorentino. In his poems (Rime), if they are not his uncles', he imitated Petrarch's sonnetti d'amore, setting an example for fifteenth-century Petrarchism. The younger Buonaccorso was highly esteemed for his public orations, in which Cristoforo Landino ranked him with Boccaccio, Leone Battista Alberti, and Matteo Palmieri. In July 1428 he was sent as ambassador to the Duke of Milan to establish the terms of the peace treaty in which Florence had acted as the ally of Venice.
Buonaccorso's De nobilitate, an outstanding expression of the literary topos of the New Man — Homo novus — whose nobility is inherent in his own character and career, was translated into English by John Tiptoft, created Earl of Worcester and published in 1481 by William Caxton, as Here foloweth the Argument of the declamacyon which laboureth to shewe. wherein honoure sholde reste. It was rendered in play form, still in Latin, by Sixt Birck and published at Augsburg in 1538.
The language of the Orazioni and the Rime were cited in Antonio Francesco Grazzini's Vocabulario, published by the Accademia della Crusca, as exemplars of the purest Italian verse and prose.
# Buonabitacolo

Buonabitacolo is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.
# Brooke Smith

Brooke Smith may refer to:
* Brooke Smith (actress) (born 1967), American actress
* Brooke Smith (basketball) (born 1984), American basketball player
* Brooke Smith, Houston, a historic neighborhood in Houston, Texas
* Mackenzie Brooke Smith (born 2001), American actress
# Josef Urban

Josef Urban (17 June 1899 – 2 September 1968) was a Czechoslovak wrestler. He was born in Středočeský kraj in June 1899. He won an Olympic silver medal in Greco-Roman wrestling in 1932. He also competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Urban died on 2 September 1968, at the age of 69.
# Canal 12 (Colima)

Canal 12 is the state public television network of the Mexican state of Colima. It is operated by the Instituto Colimense de Radio y Televisión (ICRTV) and broadcasts local and national educational and cultural programs.

## History

On June 3, 1989, XHAMO-TV, then known as "Tevecolima", was created by decree in the state's official newspaper. Its first test transmissions, then on channel 12, occurred on June 25, 1989, with the first official broadcasts the next day.
On June 26, 1994, XHAMO moved from channel 12 to 11 in order to avoid interference with new station XHCKW-TV channel 13. XHAMO would return to branding as channel 12 in 2016 as a consequence of the national clearing of channel 11 for its exclusive use by the IPN's Canal Once.
On February 10, 2007, XHAMO and Tevecolima were combined with the Instituto de la Radio Colimense to form ICRTV.
In December 2015, XHAMO began digital transmissions on the same physical channel 11, broadcasting at night until the analog shutoff on December 31, 2015. It was the second VHF digital television station to come to air in Mexico, after XHMTA-TDT in Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
A failure to file a timely renewal led to the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) awarding a new concession, with the new templated call sign XHCPAL-TDT, to the state government starting on January 1, 2022.
On November 5, 2018, the IFT awarded the state government a concession to build channel 13 in Manzanillo, with call sign XHPBMZ-TDT, to rebroadcast Canal 12. In October 2021, an agreement was reached to co-site the transmitter with TV Azteca's facility, and the station launched on October 12.
# Historical reenactment in Concord and Lexington, Massachusetts

The towns of Concord and Lexington, Massachusetts, are the site of Minute Man National Historical Park, a park governed by the National Park Service. The most highly attended event in the park is the annual reenactment of the first shots of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, performed by the Lexington Minute Men Company and His Majesty's Tenth Regiment of Foot.

## History

On April 19, 1775, the Revolutionary War's first battle was fought on the Lexington Battle Green. Later, as public interest grew due to the bicentennial celebration of the American Revolutionary War, volunteers began to reenact that battle every Patriots' Day. The Lexington Minutemen, the militia group that fought in the original battle, took the roles of the Minutemen. However, it was not until 1971 that the American Contingent of the Tenth Regiment of Foot was founded to play the roles of the British military forces.

## Reenactment of the first battle of the Revolutionary War

The reenactment of the "shot heard round the world" begins at 5:30 in the morning, slightly before sunrise. The Minute Men begin on the Battle Green, while the British regulars march in. When he sees them, the captain of the Minute Men gives the others some brief words of encouragement, telling them "Steady, men! Steady, men! Stand your ground! Do not fire unless fired upon!". At 6:00 AM, the battle itself begins, and the British regulars quickly win.

## Other reenactments

The Lexington Historical Society also maintains certain historical sites in their original condition. They give tours of the buildings, and for some have staff in authentic colonial garb to answer questions and explain the lifestyle of the time. One such building is Munroe Tavern, where the British set up a makeshift hospital for injured soldiers.
# Indomarengo

Indomarengo is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders).

## Name

The genus name is combined from India and the salticid genus Marengo. (See also Afromarengo.)

## Species

As of March 2022, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:
* Indomarengo chandra Benjamin, 2004 – Sumatra
* Indomarengo chavarapater Malamel, Prajapati, Sudhikumar & Sebastian, 2019 – India
* Indomarengo sarawakensis Benjamin, 2004 – Java, Borneo
* Indomarengo thomsoni (Wanless, 1978) – Borneo
* Indomarengo yui Wang & Li, 2020 – China
# Gmina Tworóg

Gmina Tworóg is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnowskie Góry County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Tworóg, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Tarnowskie Góry and 38 km (24 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.
The gmina covers an area of 124.92 square kilometres (48.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 8,249.

## Villages

Gmina Tworóg contains the villages and settlements of Boruszowice, Brynek, Hanusek, Koty, Mikołeska, Nowa Wieś Tworoska, Połomia, Świniowice, Tworóg and Wojska.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Tworóg is bordered by the towns of Lubliniec and Tarnowskie Góry, and by the gminas of Koszęcin, Krupski Młyn, Wielowieś and Zbrosławice.
# Mudwalawa

Mudwalawa is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3691.
# Holopneustes

Holopneustes is a genus of sea urchins, belonging to the family Temnopleuridae.

## Species

| Scientific name | Distribution |
| Holopneustes inflatus (A. Agassiz, 1872) | southern Australia, in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania. |
| Holopneustes porosissimus L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 | Australia |
| Holopneustes purpurascens (A. Agassiz, 1872) | Australia, in New South Wales |
# Charlie Clark (Scottish footballer)

Charles Clark (1878 – 1930) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Everton, and the Southern League for Plymouth Argyle and Crystal Palace. He was a half back.

## Life and career

Clark was born in Thorniewood. He began his career with a club of the same name before joining Hamilton Academical, initially playing as a forward. He was signed by Everton in 1901 and made six league appearances over two seasons, in which he scored one goal.
In 1903, Clark joined Plymouth Argyle and was the club's first choice centre half for the next six years. In his second season with Argyle, he received a Western League winner's medal and made 54 appearances in all competitions, scoring in three of them. Described as "absolutely untiring" and "always a dominating factor in a game", Clark was an extremely popular club captain. He played in excess of 40 matches per season for Argyle until his last.
Clark made his final Plymouth appearance in April 1909, which took his overall tally to 272 in league and cup competition, with nine goals. He left the club later that year and moved to Crystal Palace, where he made 32 appearances in all competitions (31 league appearances) without scoring. Clark retired from playing in 1910.

## Honours

* Western League First Division: 1904–05
# Neckbeard

Neckbeard or neck beard may refer to:
* Neckbeard, a facial hairstyle that mostly covers the neck, as opposed to other parts of the face
* Neckbeard (slang), a pejorative term for men, based on a stereotype of young men with poor facial grooming
# Buraban

Buraban is a Japanese term for a wind ensemble or concert band. Historically, the term is derived from the English "brass band", which is pronounced "burasubando" in Japanese. This was later shortened (using the Japanese method of abbreviation) to become simply "buraban." The term is often used to refer to school bands, which are a very popular extracurricular activity among junior high school and high school girls.
# Buraca

Buraca (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a former civil parish, located in the municipality of Amadora, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish of Águas Livres. As of the 2011 Census, it had a population of 15 892. It had an area of 1.66 square kilometers.
The southern area of the parish included the first Decathlon store in Portugal, integrated in the main shopping areas of the Lisbon metropolitan area. This shopping area also extends to the parishes of Alfragide and Carnaxide.
Before the dissolution of the parish, its area was also the location of the headquarters of the Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG) and the Directorate-General Environment (DGA).
# Navin Engineer

Navinchandra Jamnadas Engineer (born May 1951) is a British billionaire, the owner of Chemidex, a pharmaceutical company that he founded in 1981.

## Early life

Navinchandra Jamnadas Engineer was born in May 1951. His father worked for the Kenyan civil service. In 1963, he was sent from Kenya to London to live with his aunt, and later studied at the London School of Pharmacy.

## Career

Engineer's first job on graduation was a pharmacist for the Boots the Chemist chain, which he found "a little bit like the civil service"; one day he was shocked by a visiting area manager asking for a cup of tea when he was busy dispensing prescriptions, and resigned the same day.
Chemidex was founded by Engineer and his wife in 1981, and is based in Egham, Surrey.
In 1981, Chemidex opened its first pharmacy in Chertsey, Surrey. In 1999, he had 14 pharmacies which he sold to the German company Celesio for a reported £12 million. Chemidex then became a pharmaceutical company, and it acquired its first brand in 2000.
According to The Sunday Times, the business is valued at £1 billion and Engineer at £1.1 billion.
Engineer also set up the company Essential Generics, a drug manufacturer based in Egham, Surrey. He resigned as a director of the company in 2013.

## Personal life

He is married to Varsha Engineer. They have two children, and both studied medicine.
# Gustavus Fox

Gustavus Vasa Fox (June 13, 1821 – October 29, 1883) was an officer of the United States Navy, who served during the Mexican–American War, and as the first Assistant Secretary of the Navy during the Civil War.

## Life and career

Fox was born at Saugus, Massachusetts, and his parents named him after Swedish King Gustav I, also known as Gustav (or Gustavus) Vasa. His parents, Dr. Jesse Fox and Olivia Fox (née Flint) were not Swedish American, and may have been inspired to name their son after Gustav I by Henry Brooke's popular play Gustavus Vasa: The Deliveror Of His Country. Fox attended Lowell High School Lowell, Massachusetts from 1836 to 1838.
On January 12, 1838, Fox was appointed midshipman. During the Mexican–American War, he served in the brig Washington in the squadron of Commodore Matthew Perry, and took part in the capture of Tabasco, Mexico, on January 14–16, 1847. He later commanded several mail steamers. He resigned from the Navy on July 30, 1856, and engaged in the manufacture of woolen materials.
At the start of the American Civil War he volunteered for service. President Abraham Lincoln gave him a temporary appointment in the Navy and sent him in the steamer Baltic to the relief of Fort Sumter. Fox could not relieve the fort before Confederate bombardment forced its surrender, but afterwards he brought away the garrison.
On August 1, 1861, Lincoln appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, an office which he held until the close of the Civil War. In 1866, he was sent on a special mission to Russia; he conveyed the congratulations of the President to Tsar Alexander II upon his escape from assassination. His voyage was made in the monitor Miantonomoh, which was the first vessel of this class to cross the Atlantic. They were accompanied by Augusta.
In 1882 he published a paper suggesting that Samana Cay in the Bahamas was Guanahani, or San Salvador, the first island Christopher Columbus reached in his discovery of the Americas. Little attention was paid to his paper until 1986, when the National Geographic Society also concluded that Samana Cay was San Salvador.
He died at Lowell, Massachusetts, aged 62.

## Tributes and legacy

Three ships of the US Navy – TB-13, DD-234 and CG-33 – have been named USS Fox in his memory.

## In popular culture

Fox is one of the primary viewpoint characters in novelist Harry Harrison's alternate history Stars and Stripes trilogy.

## Publications

* Fox, Gustavus V. (1882), An Attempt to Solve the Problem of the First Landing Place of Columbus in the New World. Report of the Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (Appendix No. 18, June 1880), Washington: Government Printing Office.