OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jack Shapiro

Jack Emanuel "Soupy" Shapiro (March 22, 1907 – February 5, 2001) was an American gridiron football player who played in one game with the Staten Island Stapletons of the National Football League (NFL) in 1929. Shapiro is most famous for being the shortest player in NFL history at about 5 ft 1 in (1.55 m).

## Early life

In 1907, Shapiro was born in New York City, New York, United States, North America. His parents had immigrated to the United States with their previous four boys and three girls, as well as their niece. Jack was the only one of his family to be born in America. His father and two of his brothers did odd jobs for a living, resulting in earnings of $9.00 a week. His oldest brother, Richard Shapiro, worked as an artist on the streets of the Bronx
Shapiro attended Evander Child High School in the Bronx. While in high school, he was a starter on the football team for three straight years. During the last game in his senior year, however, he was injured and was forced out of the game. His playing weight in high school was 85 pounds (39 kg).

## College career

Prior to joining the Stapletons, Shapiro played college football, while attending New York University. He played fullback for the Violets in 1927 when the team posted a 7-1-2 record while outscoring their opponents by 345-65. He joined the NYU team his freshman year as a "walk on". By his sophomore year, he was given a full scholarship and was awarded a varsity letterman that season.
Afterwards, Shapiro moonlighted as a professional football player for a team in Meriden, Connecticut. The team was sponsored by the Sons of Italy.

## NFL

In 1929, Shapiro played in one NFL game with Staten Island. As the shortest player in the history of the NFL, Shapiro played as a blocking back in the Stapletons' 34-0 victory over the Minneapolis Red Jackets. Shapiro later stated that he was, in fact, on the Stapletons roster for five games, playing in two regular-season games and one exhibition game. The regular-season games were late in the season against the Minneapolis Red Jackets and Orange Tornadoes.

## Recognition

In 1999, Shapiro received recognition in the Guinness Book of Records as being the shortest player on record in NFL history.
# List of Cardiff Rugby internationals

This is a list of past and present Cardiff Rugby players who have been capped by their country whilst at the club. Ten nations have played international matches with teams featuring Cardiff City players.

## Wales

* Aled Brew
* Gareth Cooper
* Chris Czekaj
* Bradley Davies
* Leigh Halfpenny
* Iestyn Harris
* Tom James
* Gethin Jenkins
* Deiniol Jones
* Scott Morgan
* Mike Phillips
* Andy Powell
* Richie Rees
* Jamie Roberts
* Jamie Robinson
* Nicky Robinson
* Tom Shanklin
* Robert Sidoli
* Robin Sowden-Taylor
* Gareth Thomas
* T. Rhys Thomas
* Sam Warburton
* Gareth Williams
* Martyn Williams
* Rhys Williams
* John Yapp

## Australia

* Sam Norton-Knight
* Marc Stcherbina

## Canada

* Dan Baugh
* Ed Fairhurst

## Fiji

* Mosese Luveitasau

## New Zealand

* Ben Blair

## Scotland

* Dan Parks

## Tonga

* Maama Molitika

## United States

* Kort Schubert
# Meshino

Meshino (written: 食野) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ryotaro Meshino (食野 亮太郎, born 1998), Japanese footballer
* Soma Meshino (食野 壮磨, born 2001), Japanese footballer
# List of Bulgarian painters

Following is an alphabetical list of Bulgarian painters.

## A–M

* Gavril Atanasov (1863–1945)
* Nikola Avramov (1897–1945)
* Ilia Beshkov (1901–1958)
* Dora Boneva (born 1936)
* Daria Vassilyanska (1928–2017)
* Zlatyu Boyadzhiev (1901–1976)
* Christo (1935–2020)
* Chudomir (1890–1976)
* Vladimir Dimitrov (1882–1960) – known as "the Master"
* Silvia Dimitrova (born 1970)
* Nikolay Diulgheroff (1901–1982)
* Dimitar Dobrovich (1816–1905)
* Stanislav Dospevski (1823–1878)
* Ivan Enchev-Vidyu (1882–1936)
* Rumen Gasharov (born 1936)
* Pencho Georgiev (1900–1940)
* Atanas Hranov (born 1961)
* Oda Jaune (born 1973)
* Ivan Kirkov (1932–2010)
* Anastas Konstantinov (1956–2017)
* Nadezhda Kouteva
* Tsanko Lavrenov (1896–1978)
* Nikola Marinov (1879–1948)
* Violeta Maslarova (1925–2006)
* Dimitre Mehandjiysky (1915–1999)
* Angel Metodiev (1921–1984)
* Ivan Milev (1897–1927)
* Anton Mitov (1862–1930)
* Georgi Mitov (1875–1900)
* Ivan Mrkvička (1856–1938)

## N–Z

* Radi Nedelchev (born 1938)
* Ivan Nenov (1902–1997)
* Joseph Oberbauer (1853–1926)
* Bencho Obreshkov (1899–1970)
* George Papazov (1894–1972)
* Georgi Janakiev (1941–2018)
* Pascin (1885–1930)
* Nikolai Pavlovich (1835–1894)
* Houben R.T. (born 1970)
* Ekaterina Savova-Nenova
* Konstantin Shtarkelov (1889–1961)
* Alexander Telalim (born 1966)
* Dechko Uzunov (1899–1986)
* Daria Vassilyanska (1928–2017)
* Jaroslav Věšín (1860–1915)
* Keraca Visulčeva (1910–2004)
* Ivan Vukadinov (born 1932)
* Hristofor Zhefarovich (c.1690-1753)
* Zahari Zograf (1810–1853)
# Jackson A. Rigney

Dr. Jackson Ashcroft Rigney (born 1913 in La Mesa, New Mexico), was educated at New Mexico A&M College where he earned a B.S. in 1934. He earned an M.S. from Iowa State College in 1936.
In 1938 he was granted an assistant professorship in agronomy at North Carolina State University. He was appointed head of the Department of Experimental Statistics at the university in 1949, director of the agricultural mission to Peru in 1949, and dean for international programs in 1968. He served as interim chancellor of NCSU from July 1975 until the end of the year. He was then named as assistant to the chancellor for international programs, where he remained until his retirement in 1981.
In 1961 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Rigney also received the International Service Award.
Rigney died in Raleigh, North Carolina in 1998.
# Jackson 5: The Ultimate Collection

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Jackson 5: The Ultimate Collection is a compilation album released by Motown Records in 1995 featuring the music of The Jackson 5. The collection features selections from the group's Motown discography (recorded between 1969 and 1975), as well as a selection from group members Michael and Jermaine's solo output recorded during that time period, and is meant to serve as a condensed single-disc version of the 4-disc box set Soulsation! (1995). In the United Kingdom, a different track listing was used and was released as The Very Best of Michael Jackson with the Jackson Five, with a September 2001 re-release on Island Records titled The Best of Michael Jackson and the Jackson 5ive - The Motown Years.

## Track listings

Tracks with an asterisk (*) are performed by Michael Jackson. "Daddy's Home" is performed by Jermaine Jackson backed by the Jackson 5.
| American release | Original UK release | UK 2001 re-release | Song | Originating album |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | "I Want You Back" | Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | "ABC" | ABC |
| 3 | 3 | 3 | "The Love You Save" | ABC |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | "I'll Be There" | Third Album |
| 5 | | | "It's Your Thing" | Soulsation! |
| 6 | | | "Who's Lovin' You?" | Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 |
| 7 | 5 | 5 | "Mama's Pearl" | Third Album |
| 8 | 6 | 6 | "Never Can Say Goodbye" | Maybe Tomorrow |
| 9 | | | "Maybe Tomorrow" | Maybe Tomorrow |
| 10 | 7 | 7 | "Got to Be There"(*) | Got to Be There |
| 11 | | | "Sugar Daddy" | Greatest Hits |
| 12 | 8 | 8 | "Rockin' Robin"(*) | Got to Be There |
| 13 | | | "Daddy's Home" | Jermaine |
| 14 | 10 | 10 | "Lookin' Through the Windows" | Lookin' Through the Windows |
| 15 | | | "I Wanna Be Where You Are"(*) | Got to Be There |
| 16 | | | "Get It Together" | G.I.T.: Get It Together |
| 17 | | | "Dancing Machine" | G.I.T.: Get It Together |
| 18 | | | "The Life of the Party" | Dancing Machine |
| 19 | | | "I Am Love" | Dancing Machine |
| 20 | | | "Just a Little Bit of You"(*) | Forever, Michael |
| 21 | | | "It's Your Thing (The J5 In '95 Extended Remix)" |
| | 9 | 9 | "Ain't No Sunshine"(*) | Got to Be There |
| | 11 | 11 | "Ben"* | Ben |
| | 12 | 12 | "Doctor My Eyes" | Lookin' Through the Windows |
| | 13 | 13 | "Hallelujah Day" | Skywriter |
| | 14 | 14 | "Skywriter" | Skywriter |
| | 15 | 15 | "Happy"(*) | Music & Me |
| | 16 | 17 | "We're Almost There"(*) | Forever, Michael |
| | 17 | 16 | "One Day in Your Life"(*) | Forever, Michael |
| | 18 | 19 | "Girl You're So Together"(*) | Farewell My Summer Love |
| | 19 | 18 | "Farewell My Summer Love"(*) | Farewell My Summer Love |
| | 20 | 20 | "I Want You Back (PWL '88 Remix)" |
| | 21 | | "It's Your Thing (The J5 In '95 House Remix)" |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Jackson Abugo

Jackson Abugo is a South Sudanese politician. As of 2011, he is the Advisor on Political Affairs for the state of Central Equatoria.
# Interbody fusion cage

An interbody fusion cage (colloquially known as a "spine cage") is a prosthesis used in spinal fusion procedures to maintain foraminal height and decompression. They are cylindrical or square-shaped devices, and usually threaded. There are several varieties: the Harms cage, Ray cage, Pyramesh cage, InterFix cage, and lordotic LT cage, all of which are made from titanium; the Brantigan cage, made from carbon fibre; and the Cortical Bone Dowel, which is cut from allograft femur. The cages can be packed with autologous bone material in order to promote arthrodesis. Such implants are inserted when the space between the spinal discs is distracted, such that the implant, when threaded, is compressed like a screw. Unthreaded implants, such as the Harms and Pyramesh cages have teeth along both surfaces that bite into the end plates.
Technology: expansion vs. static devices Expandable implant devices are at the forefront of technology in this field, with cages that expand in place for optimal end-plate-to-endplate fit and correction of lordosis. There are several technologies for cage expansion; FLXfit by Expanding Orthopedics offers a unique and patented 3D articulation and lordotic expansion, Staxx by Spinewave stacks plates as risers, Varilift by Wenzel - uses a screw device for enlargement and AccuLIF by CoAlign, which has a unique locking hydraulic solution for precise expansion. FlareHawk by Integrity Implants uses stent-like technology, expanding in width, height, and lordosis.
Once placed, the cages resist flexion and extension of the spine, and axial forces across the ventral and middle columns.
# Merry (surname)

Merry is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include:
* Abdelkrim Merry (born 1955), Moroccan footballer
* Ann Brunton Merry (1769–1808), English actress
* Anthony Merry (1756–1835), British diplomat
* Arlette Merry (1918–2015), French actress and singer
* Cyril Merry (1911–1964), West Indies cricketer
* David Merry (cricketer) (1923–1944), Tobagonian cricketer and Royal Air Force officer
* David Merry (born 1945), British ambassador
* Diana Merry (fl.1970s–80s), American computer programmer
* Eleanor Merry (1873–1956), English poet, artist, musician and anthroposophist
* Emma Merry (born 1974), English discus thrower
* Frederick Carles Merry (1837–1900), American architect
* George Merry (disambiguation), several people
* Gus Merry (c.1888–1942), Welsh dual-code international rugby player
* Isabelle Merry (1907–2000), Australian Congregational minister and chaplain
* James Merry (Scottish politician) (1805–1877), MP for Falkirk Burghs 1859–74
* James R. Merry (1927–2001), Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
* Katharine Merry (born 1974), English sprinter
* Mustafa Merry (born 1958), Moroccan footballer
* Nick Merry (born 1961/2), British businessman ad football club chairman
* Olivia Merry (born 1992), New Zealand field hockey player
* Peter Merry (born 1969), American author and public speaker
* Robert Merry (1755–1798), English poet and dilettante
* Robert W. Merry (born 1946), American journalist and author
* Sally Engle Merry (1944–2020), American anthropologist
* Thomas Merry (c.1605–1682), English landowner, mathematician and politician
* William Merry (disambiguation), several people
# International Baseball Board

The International Baseball Board was founded in 1927 and is the international governing body for traditional British baseball codes. It was founded in 1927 to oversee international fixtures, primarily between England and Wales, which are played at A and B level for men, and at age-group level for boys and historically women's international fixtures. It is not to be confused with the International Baseball Federation, which is the world governing body for the American code of baseball.

## History

The first international match between England and Wales was held in 1908, the first women's international match between England and Wales took place in 1926. In 1918 England took on Canada. In July 1921 there were efforts for the establishment of a National Baseball Council, where members of the English Baseball Association and South Wales Baseball Association met to discuss the formation of the new governing body. The IBB was finally established in 1927. One of the first acts of the IBB was to rule on the legality of a player being capped by two different nations. Jim Sullivan was born in Wales and played both rugby league and rugby union. Having turned professional with Wigan, Jim was selected for England's British baseball team in 1928. The IBB ruled that this cap was illegal, as Jim had already been capped by Wales in 1921. Amazingly Sullivan crossed to the American code of baseball in the mid 1930's, for Manchester Blue Sox and Greenfield Giants.
By 1960 the IBB was the leading body with responsibility for any changes to the rules first developed by the EBA, and in 1960 schools in England, who had still continued to use smaller bowling box dimensions and other peculiarities, adopted IBB regulations. In 1989 the IBB faced a crises, when reserves of the long used worsted Webber ball were exhausted, following the manufacturer, John Jaques of London, ceasing production.

## Structure

IBB has two member organisations, the English Baseball Association and the Welsh Baseball Union. The EBA historically had responsibility for overseeing all aspects of the domestic game and was the body responsible for the creation and development of the original rules of the game. The EBA was formed in 1892, though this was a continuation of the much older National Rounders Association, who created the first codified rules of British baseball, between 1887 and 1888. In 1888 and again in 1893 the South Wales Baseball Association affirmed that the EBA was the "authority" on the rules of the game and that they would continue to play to those rules. In March 1922 the first annual meeting of the newly formed Welsh Baseball Union was held at Grange YMCA, succeeding the South Wales Baseball Association. The new body quickly made a visit to Liverpool and noted that “the closer link formed between the English and Welsh baseball authorities would materially help to attain the standard of a national pastime”. In 1922 the Welsh Ladies Baseball League was formed under the WBU and by 1994 had 600 players across 40 clubs.
# International Baptist Theological Study Centre

International Baptist Theological Study Centre (IBTS) is a Baptist theological school, located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is affiliated with the European Baptist Federation.

## History

The Seminary was founded in 1949 in Rüschlikon, Switzerland. It transferred to Prague, Czech Republic, in 1996. Over the summer of 2014 IBTS was established in Amsterdam.
IBTS forms part of a community of organisations known as the Baptist House in Amsterdam. The other members of the community are the Baptist Union of the Netherlands, the Dutch Baptist Seminary and the office of the European Baptist Federation.
The IBTS houses a collection of books in the areas of Baptist identity, mission and practice.

## Programmes

Lecturing and supervision is in English and faculty are drawn from throughout Europe. The Centre offers a PHD programme for study and research in a collaborative partnership with the Faculty of Religion and Theology at the VU (Vrije Universiteit).
It is a founding member of the Consortium of European Baptist Theological schools.

## Presidents/rectors/directors of seminary

* 1949—1950 George W. Sadler
* 1950—1960 Josef Nordenhaug
* 1960—1964 J. D. Hughey
* 1964—1970 John D. W. Watts
* 1972—1977 Penrose St. Amant
* 1978—1981 Isam E. Ballenger
* 1982—1983 Clyde E. Fant
* 1984—1987 Altus Newel
* 1988—1997 John David Hopper
* 1997—2013 Keith Grant Jones
* 2013—2014 Parush R Parushev (Acting Rector during the transition period)
* 2014—2018 Rev. Dr Stuart Blythe (First Rector of IBTS Centre. Blythe was the first head of the institution to be an IBTS graduate alumnus, obtaining his BD degree magna cum laude at Rüschlikon in 1989.)
* 2018–Present Rev. Dr. Mike Pears
# Mertensophryne micranotis

Mertensophryne micranotis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania, including Zanzibar and Songo Songo Island. Its natural habitats are lowland forests, dense woodlands, thickets, and the forest-miombo woodland boundaries. It is regularly seen but difficult to detect. It is probably affected by habitat loss caused by agriculture, wood extraction and human settlement.
# Mercury (Livesey novel)

Mercury is a 2016 novel by Scottish author Margot Livesey. It concerns a 40-something couple, Donald and Viv, whose marriage suffers due to their dissatisfaction with their lives.
# Mercury (1806 ship)

Mercury was launched at Calcutta in 1806.
On 5 April 1807 Mercury Packet, Taylor, master, arrived at Falmouth. She had left Bengal on 24 November 1806 and St Helena on 5 February 1806. Mercury Packet arrived at Gravesend on 13 April. She sailed for India on 12 April.
In 1819 her owners were Fairlie & Co., and her master was J.J.R.Bowman. In November 1818 the British East India Company's (EIC) hired armed ship Mercury, Captain John James Robson Bowman, sailed with the expedition to the Straits of Malacca under Stamford Raffles. She then participated in the occupation of Singapore. Her charter expired in February 1819. Mercury was sold at Java in 1822.
# Inonotus acutus

Inonotus acutus is a species of fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is characterized by having small and thin basidiocarps, a sharp pileus margin, ventricose hymenial setae, and ellipsoid, yellowish and thick-walled basidiospores.
# Inongo Airport

Inongo Airport (IATA: INO, ICAO: FZBA) is an airstrip serving Inongo, a city on the eastern shore of Lake Mai-Ndombe in Mai-Ndombe Province, Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Inongo non-directional beacon (Ident: INO) is 0.7 nautical miles (1.3 km) west-southwest of the airstrip.
# International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences

The International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS) is a worldwide institution, established as an international forum for individual national aeronautical professional associations.

## History

It was formed on 29 January 1957 at a conference in the US. The first ICAS Congress was held in Spain in 1958. Frank Wattendorf, of AGARD, was the first Director.
A second meeting was held in Paris, with Hugh Latimer Dryden of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, and representatives from ONERA (Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales), the Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS), the WGL (now the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt), the Association Française des Ingénieurs et Techniciens de l'Aéronautique (now the Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France), and the Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden.

### Congress

It holds a biennial international congress in September. In 1986 it was held in London. In 2000 the congress was held in North Yorkshire. The 2018 Congress was held by Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas (ABCM) in Brazil. The 2020 congress will be held in Shanghai, China.

### Presidents

* Raymond Bisplinghoff 1978
* Boris Laschka 1986
* Paolo Santini 1990
* Murray Scott 2013
* Christian Mari 2015
* Susan Ying 2017
* Shinji Suzuki 2017
* Dimitri Mavris 2023

## Structure

The secretariat of ICAS is at Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) in Bonn. It was first headquartered at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the DLR from 1978, the RAeS in 1986, the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Luchtvaarttechniek from 1990, the AAAF (Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France) from 1997, then Sweden from 2002, and Germany from January 2011.
# Merton railway station

Merton is a railway station in Merton, Victoria, Victoria, Australia. In 1974, it became a no-one-in-charge station. More recently, it was refurbished as a museum.
The stock yards, platforms, goods shed and gate keeper's cottage were constructed between October 1890 and April 1891. The last passenger train ran through Merton on 28 May 1977, and the last goods train in February 1978.
# Jagabor railway station

Jagabor railway station is a railway station on Ahmedabad–Udaipur Line under the Ajmer railway division of North Western Railway zone. This is situated at Jagabor, Bichhiwara Tehsil in Dungarpur district of the Indian state of Rajasthan.
# List of Chinese films of 1999

A list of mainland Chinese films released in 1999:
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| A Beautiful New World | Shi Runjiu | Jiang Wu | Comedy | |
| Agreed Not to Separate | Fu Jingsheng Fei Ming | Pu Cunxin Xu Qing | Drama | |
| Crash Landing | Zhang Jianya | You Yong, Xu Fan, Shao Bing | Action/Thriller | |
| Crazy English | Zhang Yuan | Li Yang | Documentary | Film about Li Yang, the founder of Crazy English |
| Crystal Sky of Yesterday | | | Animation | |
| Deja Vu | Cho Kin-nam | Nicky Wu Zhao Wei | Romance | |
| The Emperor and the Assassin | Chen Kaige | Gong Li | Historical | Entered into the 1999 Cannes Film Festival |
| Flag of the Republic | Lei Xianhe Wang Jixing | Wang Xueqi Xie Gang Zhu Lin | Drama | |
| The House | Wang Xiaoshuai | You Yong | Comedy | |
| Lotus Lantern | Guang Xi Chang | Jiang Wen, Ning Jing | Family/Animation | |
| Lover's Grief over the Yellow River | Feng Xiaoning | Ning Jing | War/Romance | Also known as The Legend of the Yellow River or Grief Over the Yellow River |
| Lunar Eclipse | Wang Quan'an | Yu Nan | Romantic drama | Wang Quan'an's directorial debut, entered into the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival |
| Men and Women | Liu Bingjian | Yu Bo, Yang Qing | Comedy | |
| My 1919 | Huang Jianzhong | Chen Daoming | Historical | |
| The National Anthem | Wu Ziniu | Chen Kun | Historical | |
| Not One Less | Zhang Yimou | Wei Minzhi | Drama | Golden Lion winner of 1999 |
| Ordinary Heroes | Ann Hui | Lee Kang-sheng Anthony Wong Rachel Lee | Drama | |
| Postmen in the Mountains | Huo Jianqi | Liu Ye Teng Rujun | Drama | 1999 Golden Rooster for Best Picture |
| The Road Home | Zhang Yimou | Zhang Ziyi | Romance | Co-winner of the 2000 Golden Rooster for Best Picture |
| Roaring Across the Horizon | Chen Guoxing | | Drama | Co-winner of the 2000 Golden Rooster for Best Picture |
| Scenery | He Jianjun | | Drama | |
| Seventeen Years | Zhang Yuan | Li Bingbing | Drama | |
| Shower | Zhang Yang | Zhu Xu, Pu Cunxin, Jiang Wu | Comedy | Fipresci Prize winner at the 2000 Toronto International Film Festival |
| Something About Secret | Huang Jianxin | Wang Zhiwen, Jiang Shan | Drama | |
| Sorry Baby | Feng Xiaogang | Fu Biao, Ge You | Comedy | |
# Mesoclanis magnipalpis

Mesoclanis magnipalpis is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Mesoclanis of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

South Africa.