OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Howard Chase (chemical engineer)

Howard Allaker Chase FREng is a British academic and chemical engineer. He is Head of the School of Technology and Professor of Biochemical Engineering at the University of Cambridge. From 1998 to 2006 he was Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Cambridge. Chase has been a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering since 2005. He is also a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, a Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, a Chartered Engineer, a Chartered Chemist, and a Chartered Scientist. In 2010 he was awarded the Donald Medal, an award of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, in recognition of his industrially related research in the field of bioseparations technology. Chase was an undergraduate (Natural Sciences Tripos), and a research student (biochemistry) at Magdalene College, Cambridge, between 1972 and 1978. He held a research fellowship at St John's College, Cambridge, from 1978 to 1982. In 1984 he was elected to a fellowship at Magdalene College, Cambridge where he became director of studies in chemical engineering. He was tutor for graduate students 1987–1994, tutor 1994-1996 and senior tutor 1993–1996.
He was awarded the Beilby Medal and Prize in 1993.
# Cowley County

Cowley County may refer to:
* Cowley County, Kansas
* Cowley County, New South Wales
# R road

R road may refer to:
* Ring roads in Belgium
* R roads in the Czech Republic - expressways
* Regional roads in Ireland
* R roads in Malaysia, roads in Perlis
* Regional roads in Senegal
* R roads in Slovakia are "Rýchlostná cesta" (expressways)
* Regional Routes in South Africa, designated with letter R
* Provincial Routes in South Africa, also designated with letter R
* Corridor R, a highway in the U.S. state of Kentucky
# John Bolton (merchant)

Lieutenant-Colonel John Bolton (22 March 1756 – 24 February 1837) was an English merchant, Volunteer Corps officer and slave trader. During the Napoleonic Wars, he raised an 800-strong battalion of the Liverpool Volunteers regiment to defend against Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom.

## Life

John Bolton, third and final son of the apothecary Abraham Bolton (died 1764) by his wife, Ann, née Philipson, was born in King Street, Ulverston, Lancashire, on 22 March 1756. The surname was probably originally spelt Boulton.
John was educated at the local grammar school, and apprenticed at Liverpool to the firm of Rawlinsons & Chorley, merchants in the West Indies cotton trade, who sent him to the Caribbean, where he was employed by them, on St. Vincent and later St. Lucia, between 1773 and 1783. He returned to Liverpool a wealthy man in 1784, and undertook a lucrative trade with the Windward Islands in sugar, cotton, coffee, rum, and molasses. In 1787 he branched into the African trade, investing in seventy-three slaving voyages between 1787 and 1807, often as the sole investor, in the last years of the British slave trade. These voyages transported approximately 20,000 slaves to the New World.
In February 1798, during the Napoleonic Wars, Bolton gave 500l. for the defence of his country. In 1803 he raised and funded a force of 800 volunteers, the first battalion of the Liverpool Volunteers, which he led as lieutenant-colonel till 1806. In the same year he bought Storrs Hall and 1000 acres on Lake Windermere, and there received such notable personages as Christopher North, William Wordsworth, Sir Walter Scott, Canning, and Huskisson.
Bolton also owned property in Demerara, Guiana, St. Vincent, and St. Croix. Following the abolition of slavery by the British Parliament in 1833, Bolton, and later his estate, were compensated to the amount of 35,240l. 13s. 7d. for the cost of emancipating 783 slaves working land in which Bolton was invested.
Bolton died in Liverpool on 24 February 1837, in his eighty-first year, and was interred in St Martin's Church, Bowness-on-Windermere on 9 March. Against the wall of the south aisle of the church is a white veined marble slab dedicated to Bolton.

## Personal life

Bolton married Elizabeth Littledale (born 1768), daughter the merchant Henry Littledale, and sister of Bolton's future business partner Anthony Littledale, at St. Marylebone Church, London, on 31 May 1797. The marriage was barren. Elizabeth died a widow on 22 September 1848.
# Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand

The Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand is an oil painting by Albrecht Dürer, dating to 1508 and now at the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, Austria. It is signed on a cartouche which hangs from the artist's self-portrait in the center, saying Iste faciebat Ano Domini 1508 Albertus Dürer Aleman.

## History

The painting was commissioned by Frederick III, Elector of Saxony for the All Saints' Church, Wittenberg. Frederick had been Dürer's patron since 1496. He himself chose the subject, as his collection of relics included some of the Ten thousand martyrs.
Dürer had used the same subject for a woodcut of some ten years before, but in the new work he eliminated some macabre details such as the torture of the bishop Acacius, having his eyes stripped through a drill. This scene was replaced by a crucifixion on the right and by the presence of the bishop in chains behind it.
The work was repeatedly mentioned in the correspondence between the artist and Jakob Heller of Frankfurt. Dürer received 280 florins for it.

## Description

The painting illustrates the legendary martyrdom of ten thousand Christian soldiers perpetrated on Mount Ararat by the King of Persia, Shapur I, by the order of the Roman emperor Hadrian or Antoninus Pius, or, according to other sources, Diocletian.
Dürer painted numerous different martyrdom scenes within a forest with clearings and cliffs. In the foreground are crucifixions, decapitations, crushing with a hammer. The Persian King is portrayed as an Ottoman sultan, riding a horse on the right. The executioners also wear gaudy Ottoman dress. In the background are prisoners walking through to a cliff from where they are thrown down against rocks and thorny bushes, as well as scenes of fighting, stoning and hitting with huge clubs.
At the center of the crowded scene, dressed in black, are two characters who walk placidly, apparently unaware of the horrors around them: one is Dürer's self-portrait (holding his signature), the other his friend and humanist Conrad Celtes, who had died a few months before the execution of the painting.
# Homalopoma rotundatum

Homalopoma rotundatum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Colloniidae.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 2 mm and 3.6 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species is found off the Cape Province, South Africa.
# Greek National Road 83

Greek National Road 83 is a national highway of Greece. It connects Athens with Rafina via Marathon.
* This Greek road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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38°09′38″N 23°56′08″E﻿ / ﻿38.1605°N 23.9356°E﻿ / 38.1605; 23.9356
# Haroué

Haroué (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.

## Geography

The river Madon flows through the commune.

## Historical Features

The Château d'Haroué was constructed between 1720 and 1732 by Germain Boffrand for Prince Marc de Beauvau, Viceroy of Tuscany. The architect had to integrate into his plans the four towers and the moat of the predating medieval castle of François de Bassompierre. The decoration of the castle was entrusted to artists from the Lorraine region: Jean Lamour (1698-1771) for the gates, the balcony, and the banister, Pillement (1698-1771) for the interior painting of one of the towers, and Barthélemy Guibal (1699-1757), the sculptor of the fountains of Place Stanislas in Nancy, for the statuary. The French park was designed by Emilio Terry.
# The Second Book of General Ignorance

The Second Book of General Ignorance is the fifth in a series of books based on the final round in the intellectual British panel game QI, written by series-creator John Lloyd and head-researcher John Mitchinson. It is the second book to be based on the show's final round "General Ignorance", the first being The Book of General Ignorance first published in 2006. Like the original book, it is a trivia book aiming to address and correct the comprehensive and humiliating catalogue of all the misconceptions, mistakes and misunderstandings in 'common knowledge' — it is therefore known not as a 'General Knowledge' book, but as 'General Ignorance'. A second, expanded edition called The Discreetly Plumper Second QI Book of General Ignorance was released on 4 October 2012.

## Publication history

The original Book of General Ignorance was first published in the UK on 4 October 2006. The book became a hit, becoming an Amazon bestseller in Christmas 2006, selling more copies in the last quarter of the year than any other book. The Book of General Ignorance became the fourth bestselling book in the history of Amazon.
Following the success of the original book, a new, larger paperback edition of the book was published, entitled The Noticeably Stouter Edition in Christmas Day 2008 to celebrate the TV series moving from BBC Two to BBC One, and an audiobook edition entitle The Sound of General Ignorance read by Lloyd and Mitchinson was released on 1 October 2008. The Book of General Ignorance has been translated into 26 languages and has sold over 1.2 million copies. The Second Book of General Ignorance, a sequel to the original was first published on 7 October 2010. A hardback version of The Noticeably Stouter Edition was published on the same day.

## Structure

Like the first Book of General Ignorance, The Second Book of General Ignorance contains a list of questions, most of which previously appeared in episodes of QI. Each question explains the correct answer, and usually attempts to show why people tend to make the wrong assumptions, or believe certain urban myths. The book also features an introduction entitled "Forethought" written by the host of the TV series Stephen Fry.
# Miss Teen USA 1989

Miss Teen USA 1989, the 7th Miss Teen USA pageant, was televised live from Orange Pavilion, San Bernardino, California on July 25, 1989. At the conclusion of the final competition, Brandi Sherwood of Idaho was crowned by outgoing titleholder Mindy Duncan of Oregon.
This was the second and final year the pageant was held in San Bernardino. It was hosted by Wil Shriner, with color commentary from Marcia Strassman and Angela Visser, Miss Universe 1989.

## Results
### Placements

| Final Results | Contestant |
| Miss Teen USA 1989 | Idaho – Brandi Sherwood |
| 1st Runner-Up | Kentucky – Kristie Dawn Hicks |
| 2nd Runner-Up | Vermont – Kara Quinn |
| 3rd Runner-Up | Texas – Kristi Wright |
| 4th Runner-Up | North Dakota – Heidi Jo Langseth |
| Top 10 | Alabama – Jeanie Plott New York – Beth Savage Oklahoma – Stacy Folsom South Dakota – Lisa Williamson Washington – Amy Travis |

### Special awards

| Award | Contestant |
| Miss Congeniality | North Dakota – Heidi Jo Langseth |
| Miss Photogenic | Maryland – Stacey Harris |

### Final competition scores
## Contestant notes

* Brandi Sherwood won the 1997 Miss Idaho USA title and competed in the 1997 Miss USA pageant, where she placed first runner-up to the eventual winner, Hawaii's Brook Mahealani Lee. Lee became Miss Universe 1997 a couple of months later, so Brandi assumed the Miss USA title. She is the only Miss Teen USA winner to hold the Miss USA title. She later became a Barker's Beauty model on the daytime game show The Price Is Right.
* Kristie Dawn Hicks (Kentucky) later won the 1995 Miss Kentucky title and competed at Miss America 1996.
* Miss Nevada Teen USA 1989 was initially Heather McLeod, who was disqualified because she had competed at Miss California Teen USA the same year. McLeod was replaced by Stacey Bentley only days before the national pageant was held.
* Three other contestants later competed at Miss USA:
** Tracy Kennick (Utah) - Miss Utah USA 1996 (Top 10 semifinalist at Miss USA 1996)
** Jana Durban (Colorado) - Miss Colorado USA 1993
** Stephanie Satterfield (Virginia) - Miss Virginia USA 1993
# Pico Far East Holdings Limited

Pico Far East Holdings Limited is an event marketing company founded in 1969 by Chia Siong Lim, was named Pico Art Studio. It Incorporated in Singapore as a private limited company delivering exhibition stand-building work. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange under the name Pico Far East Holdings Limited, the chairman of the group is Lawrence Chia.

## History

Pico was founded in 1969, it is a global agency with some 2,500 staff in 35 offices located in major cities around the world. Pico is building large operations and production facilities in Beijing and Shanghai called Pico Creative Centres. There is a Pico Creative Centre in Singapore as well. The bulk of Pico's work has involved designing and building exhibition stands and managing and providing services at mega-events like World Expos or Olympic Games.

## Stock exchange

Pico has been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (SEHK: 0752) since 1992, and their associate Pico (Thailand) Public Company Limited has been listed on Thailand’s MAI (SET: PICO) since 2004.

## Subsidiaries and affiliates

Pico subsidiaries and affiliates:

### Pico+

Three subsidiaries of Pico are under the subsidiaries network Pico+:
* TBA Creative Network
** TBA Creative Network is a brand activation agency. Focusing on below-the-line interactive marketing services, their business domain includes branding strategies, events, exhibition, conference, and experiential marketing.
* PLUS Communications
* PIXELS
Other Subsidiaries:
* Pico X
** Pico X is Pico's strategic digital business unit, which provides digital strategy, business analytics and creative technology services.
* IMT
* P3 Innovation
* MP International (MPI)
* A.E. Smith
* World Image
* Epicentro
* Chenzhou International Convention and Exhibition Centre
* Sri Lanka Exhibition and Convention Centre
* Fairtrans International
* Global Spectrum Asia
* Local Projects
# Great South Gate

The Great South Gate (traditional Chinese: 府城大南門; simplified Chinese: 府城大南门; pinyin: Fǔchéng Dà Nán Mén) is a historical gate in West Central District, Tainan, Taiwan.

## History

The Great South Gate is part of the original 14 gates of Tainan City Wall built in 1736. The gates were constructed to fend off barbarians from attacking the town.

## Architecture

The gate has an outer arched fate in the shape of half moon. It was set at an angle to the inner gate because of security considerations.
# Operation Kangaroo

Operation Kangaroo, or Operación Canguro, was part of an informal immigration initiative — "informal" due to the fact that there were no formal diplomatic relationship between the two countries — that brought male, Spanish, assisted migrants to Australia to work as cane-cutters in North Queensland.

## First contingent

The first group arrived in Brisbane, Queensland, in the SS Toscana (Lloyd Triestino Line), on 9 August 1958.
# Greek National Road 87

Greek National Road 87 (EO87) is a National Road in East Attica, Greece.

## Route

According to the Government Gazette in 1963, the EO87 is a spur of EO54 from Pallini to Spata.

## Citations

* ↑ "Ministerial Decision Γ25871". Government Gazette (ΦΕΚ) (in Greek). Β (319). National Printing House: 2500–2501. 23 July 1963.

## Further information

Geographic data related to Greek National Road 87 at OpenStreetMap
* This Greek road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# City University test

The City University test (also known as TCU test or CU test) is a color vision test used to detect color vision deficiency. Unlike commonly used Ishihara test, City University test can be used to detect all types of color vision defects.

## Description

The commonly used Ishihara test is used to detect mainly congenital red-green color blindness, but its usefulness is limited in detecting acquired color vision deficiencies. But City University test contains test plates that can be used to detect all types of color vision deficiencies. The TCU test was derived from Farnsworth D15 color arrangement test. The test consists of 10 plates, containing a central colored dot surrounded by four peripheral dots of different colors. The subject is asked to choose the dot closest to the central hue. Among the four peripheral dots, three peripheral colors are designed in such a way that, it makes confusion with the central color in protan, deutan and tritan deficiency. The fourth color is an adjacent color in D-15 sequence and that would be most similar to the central color.

## Procedure

In a well illuminated room, hold the test plates at about 35 cm from patient. Show the test plates and ask the patient to mention which dot is identical to central dot. Allow about 3 seconds for each page. In response to the scores noted in score sheet abnormality can be detected.
# Cressbrook Cemetery

Cressbrook Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery off Jonsson Road, Evelyn, Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Melrose & Fenwick and built from 1913 to 1940. It is also known as Cressbrook Cemetery-Evelyn. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 17 June 2003.

## Heritage listing

Cressbrook Cemetery was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 17 June 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
Cressbrook Cemetery is a small private cemetery containing the headstones of four early Herbert River settlers. It is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history, in particular the development and decline of rural properties.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
The cemetery demonstrates the principal characteristics of rural homestead cemeteries, where members of extended families were buried in small private cemeteries on the property. Two of the graves in the Cressbrook Cemetery are marked with typically elaborate marble headstones, made by stonemasons in regional centres, and imported into the district.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.
The place has a special association with Queensland's history because it is the burial place of important pioneers of North Queensland. Explorer and pioneer Henry Stone surveyed blocks on the headwaters of the Burdekin River in 1859. He was the first manager of the Valley of Lagoons and first settler of the Upper Herbert, establishing the Vale of Herbert Station in 1865. Anna Stone and Mary Hull were also important early pioneers of the Upper and Lower Herbert districts, arriving as children at the Valley of Lagoons in 1868.
# Our Lady Star of the Sea Church (Stamford, Connecticut)

Our Lady Star of the Sea is a Roman Catholic church in Stamford, Connecticut, part of the Diocese of Bridgeport.

## History

Our Lady Star of the Sea Parish was formed in 1964 by Bishop Walter W. Curtis to relieve overcrowding in nearby St. Mary's Church. The modern church with some Romanesque Revival features is located close to the Atlantic Ocean. The property is 5 acres and contains a rectory, convent, church, school building, and playground area.
The parish supported an elementary school that was designated a Blue Ribbon school in 2010. The school was closed in June of 2017 due to lack of enrollment.
# Jean Nadeaud

Jean Nadeaud (1834 – 20 November 1898) was a French naval surgeon, physician and botanist.
From February 1856 to August 1859, he lived in Tahiti, where he studied and collected plants native to the island. In 1864, he received his doctorate from the faculty of medicine at Montpellier with a thesis on medicinal plants used in Tahiti, "Plantes usuelles des tahitiens".
In 1873, he published an enumeration of the plants of Tahiti that included dozens of taxa new to science, "Enumération des plantes indigènes de l'île de Tahiti recueillies et classées". His herbarium was acquired by Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, who sent some of its moss specimens to bryologist Émile Bescherelle.
He spent the last two years of his life in Tahiti as a physician and plant collector. The moss genus Nadeaudia (family Calomniaceae) was named in his honor by Émile Bescherelle.
# Missing You (Christy Moore song)

Missing You is a folk song written by one of contemporary Irish songwriter Jimmy MacCarthy in the 1980s. This song has been popularized by Christy Moore.
# Mary Linley Taylor

Mary Linley Taylor (1889–1982) born Hilda Mouat Biggs, was an English stage actress, who spent most of her adult life in Korea.

## Background

Marly Linley Taylor was born on September 14, 1889, in Abbey Row, Westport, Malmesbury, to Dr. Charles Edward Forbes Mouat-Biggs and Mary Louisa Tickell. She had two sisters, Betty and Una. Betty was also an actress. Taylor married Albert Wilder "Bruce" Taylor on June 15, 1917, at St. Thomas Cathedral in Bombay, India. Their son, Bruce Tickell Taylor (1919-2015), was born in Seoul and was granted honorary citizenship by then-mayor Lee Myung-bak.

## Married life in Korea

Mary and Albert lived in Dilkhusha, a house built in 1923 but from which they were forcibly evicted in 1942 by Japanese authorities. The house's name means 'Heart's Delight' in Urdu, and was inspired by the famous house of the same name, Dilkusha Kothi, in Lucknow, India. Mary was an active member of the Seoul Club, well known for her hospitality and dinner parties.
Albert, like his father and grandfather, was a successful gold miner. He was also a correspondent for United Press International. His connections, influence, and later refusal to leave Korea in 1941 led to him being deemed a criminal by the then-Japanese government, and he consequently spent six months in Seodaemun Prison. After returning to America the following year, he died in 1948. Mary returned to Korea to bury her husband next to his father's grave at Yanghwajin Foreigners' Cemetery. After her death, her autobiography Chain of Amber was published by her son, Bruce. Chain of Amber was translated into Korean in Seoul by Young-dahl Song in March, 2014.

## Selected bibliography

* 1956 The Tiger's Claw (a biography of George Yankovsky)
* 1992 Chain of Amber
* 2014 호박 목걸이(translation by Young-dahl Song)
# Mystery Range

Mystery Range is a 1937 American Western film starring Tom Tyler. It is one of a number of films Tyler made for producer Sam Katzman.

## Cast

* Tom Tyler as Tom Wade
* Jerry Bergh as Jennifer Travis
* Milburn Morante as Jim
* Jim Correy as One of Morgan's men
* Dick Alexander as Lupe Bardes
# Mălăiești, Orhei

Mălăiești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Mălăiești and Tîrzieni.