OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chaco linguistic area

The Chaco linguistic area is a linguistic area that includes various South American language families and isolates of the Chaco region of South America, in southern Brazil, southeastern Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.
Common Chaco areal features include SVO word order and active-stative verb alignment.

## Languages

Campbell and Grondona (2012) list the following languages as part of the Chaco linguistic area.
* Mataco–Guaicuru
** Matacoan
** Guaicuruan
* Mascoyan
* Zamucoan
* Lule–Vilelan
* some southern Tupi-Guarani languages (Guarani dialects)
Charruan is sometimes also included. Jorge Suárez includes Charruan with Guaicuruan in a hypothetical Waikuru-Charrúa stock. Morris Swadesh includes Charruan along with Guaicuruan, Matacoan, and Mascoyan within his Macro-Mapuche stock. Both proposals appear to be obsolete.
Jolkesky (2016) suggests that Trumai has lexical similarities with the Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru and Tupian language families. These apparent similarities with the Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru languages and Tupi-Guarani languages suggest that Trumai had originated in the Paraguay River basin. The Trumai had only arrived in the Upper Xingu basin via the Culuene River during the 19th century (Villas Bôas & Villas Bôas 1970:27).$^{:426}$
The following language families of the Argentinian Pampas are also included in some classifications.
* Huarpean (Allentiac–Millcayac)
* Chonan

## Linguistic features

Linguistic features that are characteristic of the Chaco linguistic area include:
* gender that not overtly marked on nouns, but is present in demonstratives, depending on the gender of the nouns modified
* genitive classifiers for possessed domestic animals
* SVO word order
* active-stative verb alignment
* large set of directional verbal affixes
* demonstrative system with rich contrasts including visible vs. not visible
* some adjectives as polar negatives
* resistance to borrowing foreign words

## Macro-Chaco hypothesis

Nikulin (2019) suggests a Macro-Chaco hypothesis linking Jê-Tupí-Cariban (including Karirian and Bororoan) with Mataco-Guaicuruan (possibly including Zamucoan):
* Macro-Chaco
** Macro-Guaicurú
*** Matacoan
*** Guaicurú
*** (?) Zamuco
** Jê-Tupí-Cariban
*** Macro-Tupian
**** Tupian
**** Macro-Jê + Chiquitano
*** Macro-Cariban
**** Cariban
**** Karirí
**** Boróro
# Chaco socos

Chaco socos is a species of mygalomorph spiders of Chile, named after its type locality: Socos, Limarí, Region IV (Coquimbo region). This species differs from C. tigre by its spermathecae having a longer duct and a less globose fundus, and by constructing a beveled door for its burrow; the general colouration is grayish, while C. tigre is more brownish coloured.

## Description

The male has a total length of 11.3 millimetres (0.44 in); a cephalothorax length of 5.00 millimetres (0.197 in) and width of 4.27 millimetres (0.168 in); a cephalic region length of 3.10 millimetres (0.122 in) and width of 2.67 millimetres (0.105 in); an ocular quadrangle (OQ) length of 0.61 millimetres (0.024 in) and width of 1.07 millimetres (0.042 in); a labium length of 0.52 millimetres (0.020 in) and width of 0.79 millimetres (0.031 in); and a sternum length of 2.75 millimetres (0.108 in) and width of 2.11 millimetres (0.083 in). The labium possesses five cuspules. Its posterior sternal sigilla is small and shallow. Its cephalothorax is ashgray, with a lycosid-like pattern, while the legs and palpi are gray with darker spots; its abdomen yellowish with darker dorsal spots.
The female has a total length of 14.89 millimetres (0.586 in); a cephalothorax length of 5.25 millimetres (0.207 in) and width of 4.36 millimetres (0.172 in); its labium length is 48% of the width; the sternum width is 72% of the length. The labium possesses three cuspules. The colour is the same as in the male.

## Distribution and behaviour

This species has been collected in two localities, in high mountains near the sea, with moist soil. The animals construct a thick door for their burrow, which fits into the burrow opening. The outer face of the door is slightly concave, while the burrow walls are well-compacted and lined with silk.
# Certosa di Farneta

Farneta Charterhouse, in Italian Certosa di Farneta (also Certosa di Santo Spirito di Farneta or Certosa di Maggiano) is a Carthusian monastery (charterhouse) just north of Lucca, region of Tuscany, Italy.

## History

The charterhouse was founded in the early 14th century. In the 17th century, the painters Giovanni Fondagna and Stefano Cassiani worked on the interior of the church, including the cupola and two altar-pieces. The monastery was suppressed by Napoleonic forces in 1809, only to be re-occupied later in the 19th century.

## 20th century

In September 1944, monks from the charterhouse opened their doors to troops from the 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division, who said they came bearing gifts for the abbey. They broke into the monastery to arrest 32 partisans and Jews being sheltered in the monastery. Some of the refugees were able to escape. Six monks and six lay brothers were arrested, tortured, and killed by firing squad.
A plaque at the entrance of the monastery, dedicated on 20 January 1985, nearly four decades after the event, reads:
   Forty years after the Liberation the Association of the Resistance Fighters in Lucchesia and the Municipal Authorities of Lucca remember the martyrdom of six Carthusian fathers, six Carthusian brothers and thirty-two civilians in September of 1944. Nazi savagery imposed the same death both on the monks and on those who at the darkest hour had found brotherly hospitality in these sacred precincts. The presence of the Prime Minister at the inauguration of this memorial stone ensures the entry into the history of the Italian people of the witness of these victims. Charterhouse of Farneta, January 20, 1985.
Among the twelve Carthusians killed were two Germans, one Swiss, one Venezuelan, and one Spaniard. The remaining monks were also from diverse countries. Those killed were Benedetto Lapuente, Bruno D'Amico, Raffaele Cantero, Adriano Compagnon, Adriano Clerc, Michele Nota, Giorgio Maritano, Pio Egger, Martino Binz, Gabriele Maria Costa, Salvador Montes de Oca, and Aldo Mei. It is said that when the refugees asked for asylum, the prior Dom Martino Binz consulted with the procurator Dom Gabriele Costa, and the novice master Dom Pio Egger. Binz stated:
   If it were Jesus himself knocking at the door, what would we tell him? Would we have the courage to send him off to die?
They opened the door.
After the war, the monks remained silent about the execution. In 2000 the Holy See requested a report from the monks, to be sent to the Commission of the New Martyrs. Journalist Luigi Accattoli was the first person external to the Commission who read the report and in 2014 published the book La strage di Farneta - The Farneta Massacre -.
# Climax (2013 film)

Climax is 2013 Indian Malayalam biographical film directed by Anil Kumar and featuring Sana Khan in the lead role. Climax depicts the life of the actress Silk Smitha. The film was dubbed into Tamil titled Oru Nadigayin Diary and released on 24 May 2013 and into Telugu under the name Gajjala Gurram. But the disclaimer in the beginning states that the characters are imaginary.

## Premise

Supriya is a starlet, meets R. K., who wins her heart and later becomes her mentor, while R. K.'s son Rahul is infatuated with Supriya.

## Cast

* Sana Khan as Poonkodi/Supriya
* Suresh Krishna as Ramkumar (R. K.)
* Subin Sunny as Rahul
* Shanthi Williams as Supriya's mother
* Lakshmi Sharma as Aparna
* Bijukuttan as Kumaresan
* K. Madhu as Director
* Irshad as Victor Lenus
* Manoj Nair as Hotel Manager
* Aravind Akash
* Ashwanth Thilak

## Soundtrack

The Music Was Composed By Berny-Ignatius.

## Reception

The film opened to negative reviews. Paresh C Palicha of Rediff.com writes "Climax is slow paced and uninteresting" and goes on to give 1/5.
# Linda Boström Knausgård

Linda Boström Knausgård (born 15 October 1972 in Boo, Sweden) is a Swedish author and poet. She debuted in 1998 with the poetry collection Gör mig behaglig för såret. Her critical breakthrough came in 2011 with the short-story collection Grand Mal. Her first novel, Helioskatastrofen, was released in 2013.

## Literary career

Boström Knausgård debuted in 1998 with the poetry collection Gör mig behaglig för såret. Her breakthrough came in 2011 with the short-story collection Grand Mal which consists of twenty short, intense and tight prose texts in a dark mode. Boström Knausgård suffers from a bipolar disorder. Her disorder was the subject of a radio documentary, titled Jag skulle kunna vara USA:s president, which she produced for Sveriges Radio in 2005. In 2013, her third book, the novel Helioskatastrofen, was released. In January 2013 she began writing chronicles for the regional newspaper Ystads Allehanda.

## Personal life

Boström Knausgård was married to the Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgård until November 2016. They lived in the Österlen-region in southeastern Sweden and have four children. She is the daughter of actress Ingrid Boström.
# Gmina Leśna Podlaska

Gmina Leśna Podlaska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Leśna Podlaska, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Biała Podlaska and 104 km (65 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
The gmina covers an area of 97.69 square kilometres (37.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,494 (4,334 in 2014).

## Villages

Gmina Leśna Podlaska contains the villages and settlements of Bukowice, Bukowice-Kolonia, Droblin, Jagodnica, Klukowszczyzna, Leśna Podlaska, Ludwinów, Mariampol, Nosów, Nosów-Kolonia, Nowa Bordziłówka, Ossówka, Ossówka-Kolonia, Stara Bordziłówka, Witulin, Witulin-Kolonia, Worgule and Zaberbecze.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Leśna Podlaska is bordered by the gminas of Biała Podlaska, Huszlew, Janów Podlaski, Konstantynów and Stara Kornica.
# Malta at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics

Malta participated in the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Silver | Jeremy Saywell | Judo | Mixed Team | 25 Aug |

## Athletics
### Girls
#### Track and Road Events

| Athletes | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athletes | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Tamara Vella | Girls’ 100m | 13.11 | 22 qD | 13.16 | 22 |
| Marija Sciberras | Girls’ 100m Hurdles | 14.82 | 15 qC | 14.69 | 14 |

## Judo
### Individual

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Jeremy Saywell | Boys' -66 kg | BYE | Vitkauskas (LTU) L 000-100 | Repechage Cai (DEN) L 000-101 | Did not advance | Did not advance | 13 |

### Team

| Team | Event | Round 1 | Round 2 | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| Team | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Belgrade Anna Dmitrieva (RUS) Jeremy Saywell (MLT) Jennet Geldybayeva (TKM) Babacar Cisse (SEN) Haley Baxter (NZL) Dulguun Otgonbayar (MGL) Lola Mansour (BEL) Marius Piepke (GER) | Mixed Team | BYE | Osaka W 4-4 (3-1) | Tokyo W 5-3 | Essen L 1-6 | |

## Swimming

| Athletes | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athletes | Event | Time | Position | Time | Position | Time | Position |
| Mark Sammut | Boys’ 100m Backstroke | 1:01.80 | 29 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mark Sammut | Boys’ 200m Backstroke | 2:16.85 | 18 | | | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# HFE

HFE may refer to:

## Science and technology

* HFE (gene), a gene that encodes the Human hemochromatosis protein
* Hello from Earth, an interstellar radio message
* Hidden Field Equations, a cryptosystem
* H-parameter model (h$_{FE}$), the current gain of a bipolar junction transistor
* Human factors engineering
* Hydrofluoroether, a solvent

## Transport

* Hefei Luogang International Airport, in Anhui, China, now defunct
* Hefei Xinqiao International Airport, in Anhui, China
* Hertford East railway station, in England

## Other uses

* Health First Europe
* Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation, an American entertainment company
* Horizontal Fiscal Equalisation, in Australia
# Northampton High School

Northampton High School may refer to the following schools:
* Northampton High School, England, Northamptonshire
* Northampton High School (Massachusetts), United States
* Northampton Area High School, Pennsylvania, United States
* Northampton County High School, North Carolina, United States, see North Carolina High School Athletic Association#1A
# Oh What a World (album)

Oh What a World is a 2000 album by the Irish singer/songwriter Paul Brady, his eighth solo album. It reached number 3 in the Irish Album Chart in May 2000.

## Track listing

* "Sea of Love" (Paul Brady)
* "I Believe in Magic" (Paul Brady, Gary Nicholson)
* "Love Hurts" (Paul Brady)
* "Oh What a World" (Paul Brady, Will Jennings)
* "The Long Goodbye" (Paul Brady, Ronan Keating)
* "The Law of Love" (Angelo Palladino, Marie Wilson, Paul Brady)
* "Believe in Me" (Paul Brady, Carole King)
* "Good Love" (Bob Theile, Paul Brady)
* "Travellin' Light" (Conner Reeves, Paul Brady)
* "Minutes Away, Miles Apart" (Dean Grakal, Debbie Peterson, Paul Brady)
* "Try Me One More Time" (Mark Hudson, Paul Brady)
# Charlie Wallis (cricketer)

Charles Alexander Wallis (born 14 October 1991) is an English former first-class cricketer.
Wallis was born at Westminster in October 1991. He was educated at Radley College, before going up to Hatfield College, Durham. While studying at Durham, he made four appearances in first-class cricket for Durham MCCU, playing twice in 2012 against Middlesex and Durham and twice in 2013 against Durham and Nottinghamshire. Playing as a right-arm medium pace bowler, he took 5 wickets in his four matches at an expensive average of 101.20, with best figures of 2 for 63.
# Confil

Confil is a wet-laid nonwoven fabric made from a blend of polyester and cellulose. The International Paper Company acquired the manufacturing process from Feldmühle [de] in 1968, and marketed Confil as a disposable fabric for domestic and hospital use. Although the product was too late to market to take advantage of the 1960s paper clothing fad, International Paper promoted it for general clothing use, positioning the product as superior to paper in feel and durability, but cheap enough to throw away. Despite limited adoption in the fashion industry, demand justified construction of a $16 million factory in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania to increase production volumes. As the price of cotton more than doubled during the 1970s, Confil found use in other specialty applications such as wallpaper, construction fabrics, and geotextiles. In the early 21st century, Confil is largely used in filtration media.
# Hip Ornament: Leopard Head

This leopard head hip ornament was made by the Edo people of the Court of Benin, Nigeria sometime between the 16th to 19th centuries. It is made of brass and iron and was created using the traditional lost-wax casting technique. Hip ornaments such as this one would have been worn as part of elaborate ceremonial costumes by the king and other participants of palace rituals. This piece was made to be worn on the left side of the waist to cover the closure of wrapped skirts. It would have been held in place by large loops on the top, bottom, or back of the ornament. The leopard was of special importance so it was only to be worn by the king and war chiefs.

## Visual description

This piece is a metal oval shaped hip ornament that depicts a leopard head with a snout, sharp teeth, large heavily outlined slanted eyes, three raised lines depicting whiskers, and ears. It is highly decorated with tiny indents covering the whole head as well as larger smooth dots. The smooth raised dots are the remnants of copper tacks that were inset to the wax before casting. The top of the piece is surrounded by a row of swirls and the bottom is a fluted collar with a row of small metal loops. These metal loops would have been used to attach small metal rattles called crotals.

## Background

The Kingdom of Benin is now located in modern day Nigeria and is now known as Benin City. It is located in the tropical rain forests of southern Nigeria. Royal art in the Kingdom of Benin was made to glorify the Oba, the divine king who was the primary patron of the arts. The elaborate ceremonial costumes that hip ornaments are a part of originated from Oba Ewuare. Brass casting was almost exclusively at the command of the Oba and consisted mainly of ritual and ceremonial objects. Brass and other metals were used as symbols of permanence.
Most hip ornaments depict human faces. The leopard was considered to be the counterpart of the Oba and was seen as terrifying, but also symbolized a leader. Because of this symbolism only the Oba and war chiefs could wear leopard ornaments. They were seen as protective badges of honor and also a symbol of the power over life and death that the Oba had given the chiefs. This particular hip ornament displays the conventions used for leopards during this period in Benin art: overlapping fangs, three whiskers, slanted eyes, and leaf shaped ears. This hip ornament also resembles pectoral masks in that it has decorative flanges above and below the face with two lugs on each side.

## Provenance

This piece originated in the Court of Benin and was created sometime between the 16th and 19th centuries. It was then taken by the British military in 1897 when they were on a punitive expedition and took thousands of pieces of art from the Kingdom of Benin. It was at the J.C. Steven’s auction in 1900, before it was acquired by James T. Hooper around 1945 in Oxford, UK. It was noted to be present at Christie’s British auction house in 1976. It then ended up in the hands of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls of New York in 1981. They gifted it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1991.
# Hilda Conkling

Hilda Conkling (1910–1986) was an American poet. She was the daughter of Grace Hazard Conkling, a poet in her own right and Assistant Professor of English at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. Hilda was born in New York state. Her father died when she was four years old, and she had one sister, Elsa, two years her senior.
Hilda composed most of her poetry as a young child, between the ages of four and fourteen years old. She never wrote them down herself; instead, they came out in conversation with her mother, who would write down Hilda's words either in the moment, or from memory later. If the latter, she would read the lines back to Hilda, who would then correct any deviation from her original words. As Hilda grew up, her mother stopped recording the poems, and Hilda is not known to have written any herself as an adult.

## Poetry

Most of Hilda's poetry is concerned with nature; sometimes simply descriptive, sometimes mixed with elements of fantasy. Other common themes are love for her mother, stories and daydreams, and pictures or books that pleased her. Often these themes intertwine, and she often makes use of metaphor in her descriptions of plants and animals.
Three collections of Hilda's poetry were published during her life: Poems by a Little Girl (1920, preface by Amy Lowell), Shoes of the Wind (1922), and Silverhorn (1924). Her poems were also included in the anthologies Silver Pennies (1925), and Sing a Song of Popcorn: Every Child's Book of Poems (1988). Prior to her first book, she was published in a number of magazines, including Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, The Delineator, Good Housekeeping, The Lyric, St. Nicholas Magazine, and Contemporary Verse.

## Modern influence

Three of Hilda Conkling's poems—"Evening", "Moonsong", and "Water"—were used as the text for a choral piece called Three Nightsongs Archived 2006-08-23 at the Wayback Machine by American composer Joshua Shank.
"Water", "About My Dreams", "Snow Capped Mountain", and "The White Cloud" have been set to music by American composer J. D. Frizzell.
# Chatty

Chatty or Chattie may refer to:

## Surname

* Dawn Chatty (born 1947), American social anthropologist and professor
* Habib Chatty (1916–1991), Tunisian politician and diplomat
* Kerim Chatty (born 1973), Swede suspected of attempted hijacking of an airplane in 2002

## Nickname or given name

* "Chattie", nickname of Charlotte Cooper (tennis) (1870–1966), English tennis player
* Chattie Davidson, Auburn Tigers quarterback in 1931 - see List of Auburn Tigers starting quarterbacks
* Charlotte Harnett, whose nickname led to an area being named first Chattie's Wood, then Chatswood, New South Wales
* Charlotte "Chatty" MacLean, a fictional character in the novel Anne of Windy Poplars, by Lucy Maud Montgomery
# Hiram Reynolds Bloomer

Hiram Reynolds Bloomer (December 19, 1845 – 1910 or June 3, 1911) was an American painter.
In 1872, Bloomer was a founding member of the Bohemian Club of San Francisco. In 1874 he moved to Paris, France, where he exhibited in the 1877 salon. He returned to the United States in 1880, moving first to New York, and then California two years later.
His work is included in the collection of Emery Walker House, Oxford.
# Consecutive case series

A consecutive case series is a clinical study that includes all eligible patients identified by the researchers during the study registration period. The patients are treated in the order in which they are identified. This type of study usually does not have a control group.
For example, in Sugrue, et al. (2016), a consecutive case series design was used to determine trends in hand surgery research.
# Okinoerabu Airport

Okinoerabu Airport (沖永良部空港, Okinoerabu Kūkō) (IATA: OKE, ICAO: RJKB) is located on the island of Okinoerabujima in the town of Wadomari, Ōshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

## History

Okinoerabu Airport was opened on 1 May 1969 with a 1200-meter runway, and was officially certified as a third-class airport by the Japanese government on 31 May 1969. In order to handle operations by Bombardier Q400 aircraft, the runway was reinforced and lengthened to 1400 meters on 12 May 2005. The last commercial operation of the NAMC YS-11 in Japan was on 30 September 2006 on a flight from Okenoerabu to Kagoshima.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Japan Air Commuter | Amami Ōshima, Kagoshima, Naha, Tokunoshima |
# Charleston, Kansas

Charleston is an unincorporated community in Gray County, Kansas, United States. It is located along Highway 50.

## History

Charleston was a station and shipping point on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.
A post office was opened in Charleston in 1908, closed temporarily in 1912, reopened in 1913, and was closed permanently in 1944.