OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mirrors (novel)

Mirrors (Al-Maraya) is Naguib Mahfouz's 1972 novel. In it, Mahfouz creates portraits of the characters. The novel does not parallel the traditional Arabic novel, for it focuses on the characters instead of the plot in an attempt to create artistic images of people who were actual contemporaries of Mahfouz. He does this by shedding the light on the secretive and known aspects of the characters' lives and closely connecting them to the plot and the plot's effect on their lives. Additionally, Mahfouz incorporates his own opinions on these characters and the political eras they lived through.

## Summary

The novel includes 55 characters. The reader initially thinks that they are all fictional; however, after closely reading they realize that they are all real characters stripped off their names and appearances. Most of these characters were contemporaries of Mahfouz. The 55 characters include: The professor, embodying the thinker who does not belong to any cause or anyone other than himself, the other character contradicts the first character in that it is the thinker who remains principled with time, no matter the hardships he faces. It also includes the thug who relies on violence, the nationalist who grieves over the failure of the delegation with the departure of Makram Ebeid and Al-Naqrashi from the party, the student who was martyred in Cairo's streets defending Egypt's 1923 constitution, which was discontinued by Ismaʿil Ṣidqi, the imprudent woman who cheats on her husband with his friend, the woman searching for true love despite being in her 70s with a husband and kids, the revolutionary who's a member of the Free Officers Movement, the thinker who died fighting police officers whilst getting arrested, whose legend persists after his death, the sex-obsessed woman, the tough communist who only knows honesty and rigidness, the beautiful communist plastic artist, the trader who only trades in what is forbidden, and the pious religious character. The 55 characters make up an elaborate portrait, allowing the reader to form opinions on these characters, and the vast difference between each character aids in and increases the importance of forming these opinions.

## On the novel

Many critics believe that the importance of Mahfouz's Mirrors lies in the way it presents and critiques the "Thinkers" in Egypt, which was one of the most important social classes in Egypt during the 20th century. Also, Mahfouz's works, in general, and Mirrors, in particular, led to the development of what is known as 'Adab Al-Talsin or (Gossip Literature), which is a term coined by the critic Faruq Abdelkadir to describe a literary style used by authors to settle personal matters with their enemies. Hence, Mirrors is a clear example of this literary style.
The novel offered an account of the Egyptian army officers after they took over the government and showed how they experienced a shift to bourgeois values and practices.
# Ivo Protulipac

Ivo Protulipac (4 June 1899 – 31 January 1946) was a Croatian lawyer and Catholic activist, assassinated in 1946, reportedly by the UDBA (Yugoslav secret police). He served in the defence of Marko Hranilović in the latter's trial by the Royal Yugoslav government in 1930.
He was the president of the "Union of Croatian Eagles" ("Hrvatski orlovski savez"). When the association was banned by King Alexander's dictatorship, he reformed it together with Ivan Merz under the name "Crusaders" ("Križari"). He was subsequently imprisoned for this act and bishops Akšamović and Bonefačić were brought in by the authorities for questioning.
He was assassinated, reportedly by UDBA agents, in Trieste in 1946. After Croatian independence, Protulipac's remains were exhumed and he was returned to Croatia and buried in Zagreb's Mirogoj cemetery.
# Joel Marklund

Joel Marklund (born June 21, 1985) is a Swedish photographer who specialises in sports. Based in New York City, USA and Stockholm, Sweden, he is currently Chief Photographer at the Swedish sports photo agency Bildbyrån.
Marklund was born in Boden, Sweden.

## Career

He started his career at the local newspaper NSD before moving on to Aftonbladet in 2007. The same year he joined Bildbyrån as a staff photographer and in 2013 became the chief photographer of the agency.
Marklund has worked in more than 45 different countries and covered numerous global events, including five Olympic Games. He has been part of the official photography team for The All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club. Marklund was featured together with comedian Johan Rheborg and swimmer Sarah Sjöström in the TV show "Alla är fotografer" which was broadcast by SVT on March 15, 2015. On January 14, 2016 Marklund was introduced by Nikon as the first Nikon Europe Ambassador.
Between September 22, 2017, and November 5, 2017 some of his images were showcased at the photo exhibition "Living 24/7" in Düsseldorf, Germany together with photographers such as Peter Lindbergh, Steve McCurry, Ami Vitale, Jodi Bieber and Charlie Cole.

## Awards and honors

* Picture of the Year International
* NPPA Best of Photojournalism
* Swedish Picture of the Year Award
* 2014: 3rd prize in the category Sports Photojournalist of the Year in the photography contest Best of Photojournalism by the National Press Photographers Association
# John Cooper (fl. 1529)

John Cooper (died by 1532), was an English Member of Parliament. He represented Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1529
# Grasmere

Grasmere may refer to:

## Australia

* Grasmere, New South Wales
* Grasmere, Western Australia, a suburb of Albany

## Canada

* Grasmere, British Columbia
* Grasmere, Ontario

## New Zealand

* Grasmere, New Zealand, in Invercargill
* Lake Grassmere

## United Kingdom

* Grasmere (lake), Cumbria, England
* Grasmere (village), Cumbria, England
* Grasmere Road Ground, Hampshire

## United States

* Grasmere, New Hampshire
* Grasmere (Rhinebeck, New York), a former estate of Chancellor Livingston
* Grasmere, Staten Island, New York
** Grasmere (Staten Island Railway station)
* Grasmere, Idaho, a ghost town
* Grasmere, a neighborhood of Fairfield, Connecticut
# Cork Butter Museum

The Cork Butter Museum is a museum in Cork city in Ireland which documents the history of butter production and sale in County Cork. It is housed in the former Cork Butter Market.

## History

The Cork Butter Market building is situated in the Shandon area of the city, with the building dating from 1849. Shandon was the largest Shambles (open-air butcheries) in Ireland, and the Exchange was located within this commercial area. During the Exchange's peak in the 19th century, Cork was the largest exporter of butter in the world, with butter exported as far as Australia and India.

## Exhibits

The museum documents the role of the butter trade in Ireland over the course of history. The museum has displays covering the international Butter Exchange in the 19th century, the domestic production of butter, and the operations of Kerrygold in more recent times. The displays document elements of Irish commercial, social and domestic history. The exhibitions are intended to bring the visitor through various elements of butter production, from dairy cattle farming, to the documents and artifacts relating to the commercial butter trade. The Museum's collections include dairy paraphernalia, including a container of thousand-year-old medieval bog butter.
# Hanstholm Municipality

Until 1 January 2007 Hanstholm municipality was a Danish municipality (Danish, kommune) in Viborg County on the northwest coast of Vendsyssel-Thy, a part of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 216 km², and had a total population of 5,786 (2005). Its last mayor was Ejner Frøkjær, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Hanstholm.
Hanstholm municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007), being merged with Thisted and Sydthy municipalities to form the new Thisted municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 1,072 km² and a total population of 46,158 (2005). The new municipality belongs to Region Nordjylland ("North Jutland Region").
# Hortus Botanicus Lovaniensis

The Hortus Botanicus Lovaniensis (Dutch: Kruidtuin) is a botanical garden in Leuven, Belgium, dating from 1738. It is situated in the city centre and has an extent of 2.2 hectares.

## History

A first botanical garden was established in Leuven in 1738 by Henri-Joseph Rega, Professor of Medicine at the University of Leuven. Its first aim was to provide herbs for medical use. Later, the gardens became used for study purposes and they hosted an extensive collection of ornamental plants, cultivated plants with economic potential, and rare plants.
When the university was closed in 1797, the botanical garden was seized by the state. A botanical garden was re-established in the 1820s, adjacent to the original garden, under the auspices of the new State University of Leuven. When the State University closed in 1835, ownership of the new botanical garden was transferred to the city authorities. In 1874, a girls' school was built over the original site of the 1738 botanical garden, but the newer garden established in the 1820s continues in use as a municipal park. Access is free and it is used extensively by tourists and citizens alike. The garden functions sometimes as a place of exhibition for contemporary art.
# Chris Yates

Chris Yates may refer to:
* Chris Yates (fisherman), angler, photographer and writer
* Chris Yates (rugby league), Australian rugby league footballer
* Chris Yates (rugby union) (born 1971), New Zealand rugby union footballer
* Chris Yates (The Inbetweeners), a minor character in this British sitcom
# Mandhra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Mandhra is a town and union council of Dera Ismail Khan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
# Minto Bridges

The Minto Bridges are a series of truss bridges that span across the Rideau River, connecting Union Street to Green Island and Maple Island in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

## Connection

The Minto Bridges are made up of three spans that are continuously connected, and connect two islands. They span over the Rideau River to connect Union Street to Maple Island and Green Island, the site of the old Ottawa City Hall.

## Appearance

The bridges were constructed with riveted connectors, one of the first bridges in Canada of its type. It is put together as multiple single-span truss bridges made from steel, connected to form multiple large sections. The steel is painted white.

## History

The bridges were built between 1900 and 1902, and part of a ceremonial route leading from Rideau Hall to Parliament Hill.
They were named after the eighth Governor General of Canada, who was subsequently the Earl of 'Minto', where the name was derived from. This is also stated on the plaques at both ends of the bridges, which were installed when the bridge was finished. The Bridges were constructed by the National Capital Commission, which at the time was called the Ottawa Improvement Commission. Construction of the Minto Bridges was one of the first jobs of the Ottawa Improvement Commission – to 'beautify the city'. The designs were inspired by 'the beauty' of Washington, D.C., the United States capital.
The construction was completed by the Dominion Bridge Company from Montréal, Québec.
# Martin Fabi

Martin Fabi (November 1, 1942 – January 5, 2023) was a professional Canadian football player. After his father was killed in World War II, the family fled to Austria in 1944. In 1953, Fabi and his family immigrated to Ontario, Canada, where they settled in the town of Aylmer.
In 1962, Fabi began playing in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Montreal Alouettes. He was traded to the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1963 and played for Saskatchewan till 1965. He was a split end who also punted for the Roughriders. He holds the league records for most punting yards and most punts in a game. His records are 18 punts totalling 814 yards at Calgary on September 14, 1963. His son, Randy Fabi, also played in the CFL for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
# Pi Zongshi

Pi Zongshi (Chinese: 皮宗石; pinyin: Pí Zōngshí; 23 August 1887 – 1967) was a Chinese educator and politician who served as president of Hunan University from July 1936 to September 1940.

## Biography

Pi was born into a family of farming background in Changsha, Hunan. In 1903 he went to study in Japan, and graduated from the University of Tokyo. He joined the Tongmenghui in 1905 while he studied at Tokyo. He returned to China in 1902 and that year he established the Republic of China Daily with Zhou Gengsheng, Yang Duanliu, and Ren Kainan. The Beiyang government closed down the newspaper when its articles against Yuan Shikai's restoration of monarchy. In 1916, he studied at the University of London, where he majored in economics.
He returned to China in 1920, that same year, he was recruited by Cai Yuanpei as a professor at Peking University Law School and president of Peking University Library.
He served as dean of Wuhan University's School of Social Sciences from April 1928 to April 1933 and the university's provost from April 1933 to July 1936.
He was president of Hunan University in July 1936, and the Ministry of Education appointed Pi Zongshi as the principal of National Hunan University on January 19 of 1937, and held that office until September 1940.
After the founding of the Communist state, he became a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
He died of stroke in Wuhan, Hubei, in 1967.

## Personal life

Pi Zongshi married Yang Shujun (Chinese: 杨淑君) in an arranged marriage.
# Casa Verde High School

Casa Verde High School is a career and college preparatory high school in Casa Grande, Arizona. It is part of the Casa Grande Union High School District.
# Cattles

Cattles Limited was a British consumer finance company based in Batley, West Yorkshire. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a former constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
The company entered liquidation in September 2016.

## History

The Company was founded by Joseph Cattle in 1927 in Hull. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1963. In the 1990s it developed the Shopacheck brand. In 1990 it acquired Compass Credit and went on to buy Welcome Financial Services in 1994, The Lewis Group in 1997 and Dial4aloan in 2001.
In June 2009 in an effort to improve liquidity, Welcome Car Finance, the company's car financing arm was closed. This followed the announcement made by Cattles in May 2009 that the company was to axe 1000 jobs. The closure meant that 130 jobs were lost.
In March 2009 three directors – James Corr (Finance Director), Ian Cummine (chief operating officer) and Adrian Cummings (Compliance and Risk Director) were suspended pending an investigation by Deloitte into accounting irregularities.
PricewaterhouseCoopers agreed a request to resign as auditors of the company. Grant Thornton were appointed in their place. A forensic review completed by Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and Deloitte concluded that "the former executive directors of Cattles and certain of the former senior executives of WFS, over a period of time, had provided incomplete and misleading information and documents and/or failed to escalate matters of concern relating to impairment" and that "certain executives had provided a range of presentations, documents and verbal reassurances to the non-executive directors that everything was entirely as it should have been and that there was no reason for concern."
Paul Felton-Smith, who had experience in financial restructuring, was appointed as Finance Director in June 2010.
Cattles was acquired by Bovess Limited on 28 February 2011, as part of a High Court sanctioned scheme of arrangement. Cattles was then delisted from the London Stock Exchange on 7 March 2011. In September 2016 the company went into liquidation.

## Operations

The company offered loans to "sub-prime" customers who are often refused credit by more mainstream lenders such as high-street banks. Since such customers are considered to be more risky, the interest rates charged tended to be significantly higher than those charged by banks. In June 2004, the National Consumer Council referred a Super-Complaint regarding the Home Collected Credit industry to the Office of Fair Trading. The Office of Fair Trading published a consultative paper which raised concerns about concentration of market share between the four largest providers, including Cattles. It also mentioned a number of business practices and customer characteristics which could hinder market competitiveness.
# History of Intellectual Culture

History of Intellectual Culture (HIC) is an international yearbook devoted to the history of knowledge. It was founded in 2021 and is published by De Gruyter. Its editors-in-chief are Charlotte A. Lerg (Munich), Johan Östling (Lund), and Jana Weiß (Münster). The yearbook is the successor of the journal of the same name, founded in 1999.

## History

The journal History of Intellectual Culture was conceived in 1999 by University of Calgary professors Dr. Paul Stortz and Dr. E. Lisa Panayotidis. Its first issue was in 2001 and it published original research on intellectual history, cultural history, history of education, etc.
The first issue of the yearbook will be published in 2022 and comprises three sections: articles (an open section); the theme "Participatory Knowledge"; and engaging the field.

## Advisory board

* Peter Burke, University of Cambridge
* Heather Ellis, University of Sheffield
* Tiffany N. Florvil, University of New Mexico
* Adam Kola, Nicolaus Copernicus University
* Suzanne L. Marchand, Louisiana State University
* Pierre-Héli Monot, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich
* João Ohara, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
* Eugenia Roldán Vera, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico
* Christa Wirth, University of Agder
# K. P. Kuruvilla

K. P. Kuruvilla was an Anglican bishop: he was the fifth Bishop of North Kerala.
# Osmo Puhakka

Osmo Heikki Puhakka (born 1 January 1948 in Elimäki) is a Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1999 to 2003, representing the Centre Party.
# Otse

Otse is a village in the South-East District of Botswana. It is located 60 km south of Gaborone, along the Gaborone–Lobatse road and close to the border with South Africa. This village is home to the Balete people who are related to those in Ramotswa, Gabane and Mogobane. The population was 7,636 in 2011 census.

## Geography

Otse is surrounded by hills most notably the ancestral Baratani hill.

## Demographics

| Census | Population |
| 1991 | 3,106 |
| 2001 | 5,192 |
| 2011 | 7,636$^{Preliminary}$ |

## Attractions

* Three historical site:
* Lentswe la Baratani; This is a hill found in Otse village which has a many local legends attached to it. There is a legend about young lovers who went missing on, it is said the two were denied a chance to be together by their parents, but their love was too strong to be separated, one legend says that there is an enormous snake, possibly an African python living in the hill which ate them. Lentswe la Baratani Hill is along the Gaborone-Lobatse road west of Otse village. The Hill is about 42 km from the capital Gaborone and 20 km from Lobatse.
* Segorong
* One Game Reserve:- Manyelanong Game Reserve

## Education

Otse has ten day care centres, two primary schools, one junior secondary school, and senior secondary school (Moeding College).
# Malthonea piraiuba

Malthonea piraiuba is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2009.
# Minto Al Wright Airport

Minto Al Wright Airport (IATA: MNT, FAA LID: 51Z) is a state-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) east of the central business district of Minto, in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. Formerly known as Minto Airport, it was renamed in August 2009 to honor Al Wright, an Alaskan aviation pioneer and founder of Wright Air Service. Scheduled commercial airline service is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.
As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 154 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 193 enplanements in 2009, and 294 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 The "enplanements." per year).

## Facilities and aircraft

Minto Al Wright Airport covers an area of 295 acres (119 ha) at an elevation of 495 feet (151 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 2/20 with a gravel surface measuring 3,400 by 75 feet (1,036 x 23 m). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2005, the airport had 1,000 aircraft operations, an average of 83 per month: 50% air taxi and 50% general aviation.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Warbelow's Air Ventures | Fairbanks, Manley Hot Springs |
# Musta laatikko

Musta laatikko (Finnish for Black Box) is a box set by Sielun Veljet, released in 1991. The first one of its three CDs contains material that was supposed to become a studio album before the band broke up. The second CD is for the most part unreleased live material, and the third disc is a live performance by Kullervo Kivi & Gehenna-yhtye at Vanha Ylioppilastalo in Helsinki, March 1990.
Kullervo Kivi & Gehenna-yhtye is one of many aliases for Sielun Veljet. Under this one they play old schlager songs.

## Track listing
### CD 1 (Sielun Veljet: Muistinmenetys)

* "Valssi, osa 1" (Alanko)
* "Uskontunnustus" (Orma)
* "Laatikoita" (Alanko, Orma)
* "Kovaa peliä rakkaudessa" (Orma)
* "Taloustiistai" (Alanko, Orma)
* "Valssi, osa 2" (Alanko)
* "Intro"
* "Pilvilinna" (Orma)
* "Onnellinen päivä" (Alanko, Orma)
* "Päänahka (Buka Aat)" (Alanko)
* "Valssi, osa 3" (Alanko)
* "Ajá!" (Alanko, Orma)
* "Laatikoita remix" (Alanko, Orma)
* "Uskontunnustus, osa 2" (Orma)
* "Yhteisö" (Alanko)
* "Valssi, osa 4" (Alanko)

### CD 2 (Sielun Veljet: Taudinkuva)

* "Oi mutsi mutsi" (Tuomari Nurmio, lyrics traditional)
* "Kristallilapsia" (Alanko, Orma)
* "Lagu-lagu pop" (Alanko, Orma)
* "Emil Zatopek" (Alanko, Hohko, Orma)
* "Hyvästi kotimaa" (Nurmio)
* "Evil Kübl" (Sielun Veljet)
* "Kurja matkamies maan" (Nurmio, Wilhelmi Malmivaara)
* "Peltoniemen hintriikan surumarssi" (traditional, lyrics by Reino Helismaa)
* "Huda huda" (Nurmio)
* "Haista vittu" (Sielun Veljet)
* "Ossin jälkeiset" (Hohko, Orma)
* "Älä itke Iines" (Nurmio)
* "Sumuista hymyä" (Alanko)
* "Väkivalta ja päihdeongelma" (Pelle Miljoona)
* "Crimson and Clover" (Tommy James, Peter Lucia Jr.)

### CD 3 (Kullervo Kivi & Gehenna-yhtye: Isältä pojalle)

* "Alkusoitto ja esipuhe" (Jyrki Heikko)
* "Lapin tango" (Unto Mononen, Maija-Liisa Könönen)
* "Tulenliekki" (Toivo Kärki, Helismaa)
* "Vippaa mulle viitonen" (Jay Gorner, Edgar Harburg, Finnish lyrics by Vexi Salmi)
* "Mustalaisviulu" (John P. Powell, Tibsen Al Merle, Finnish lyrics by Aune Haarla)
* "Aaveratsastajat" (Stan Jones, Finnish lyrics by Tapio Lehtinen)
* "Kolmatta linjaa takaisin" (Tony Hatch, Jackie Trent, Finnish lyrics by Juha Vainio)
* "Enempää en kerro" (Kärki, Salmi)
* "Seinillä on korvat" (Roy C. Bennett, Sid Tepper, Finnish lyrics by Saukki)
* "Yksinäinen" (Reijo Lumisalmi)
* "Lasinen elämä" (Jari Hyttinen, Liikka Vaikkee)
* "Varas syömmein oot" (Hyttinen, Vaikkee)
* "Josef, Josef" (Sammy Cahn, Nellie Casman, Saul Chaplin, Samuel Steinberg, Finnish lyrics by Kauko Käyhkö)
* "Korttipakka" (Jaakko Salo, Seppo Virtanen)
* "Istanbul" (Jimmy Kennedy, Nat Simon, Finnish lyrics by Lehtinen)
* "Valkovuokot" (Kaarlo Valkama, Usko Kemppi)
* "Kulkurin iltatähti" (Kärki, Helismaa)
* "Päivänsäde ja menninkäinen" (Helismaa)
* "Toiset on luotuja kulkemaan" (Frederick Loewe, Alan Jay Lerner, Finnish lyrics by Vainio)