OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicholas Fattoush

Nicholas Fattoush (born 1943) is a Lebanese lawyer and politician who served in various cabinet posts, including minister of tourism. He was also member of the Lebanese Parliament.

## Biography

Fattoush was born in Zahlé in 1943. He hails from a Melkite Greek Catholic family. His brother, Pierre, was a businessman who died from COVID-19 in November 2020. His other brother, Moussa, is also a businessman.
Nicholas Fattoush obtained a degree in law from Saint Joseph University in 1967 and a master's degree in law from Aix-Marseille University, France, in 1971.
Fattoush began to work as lawyer from 1970. He was a faculty member of his alma mater, Saint Joseph University. His first ministerial appointment was to the first cabinet of Rafik Hariri on 31 October 1992 when he was named as the ministry of tourism. Fattoush held the post until December 1998 in the subsequent cabinets formed by Hariri. In the 1992 elections Fattoush was also elected to the Parliament from Zahlé and won the seat in the following elections from 1996 to 2009. In June 2011 Fattoush was appointed minister of state for parliamentary affairs to the cabinet headed by Prime Minister Najib Mikati. He was among the independent members of the cabinet.

### Views and alliances

Fattoush was one of the members of the Parliament who opposed the extension of President Émile Lahoud's tenure. He openly declared his opposition at the Parliament in April 2004. Fattoush is a supporter of Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri.
# Children's World (charity)

Children's World is a charity based in the UK. It is known internationally (as Children's World International). It was set up by Arabella Churchill in 1981 after the success of the Children's World area at the Glastonbury Festival. It is registered charity Number 282743.
Children's World was created to provide drama participation and creative play and to work creatively in educational settings, providing social and emotional benefits for all children, particularly those with special needs.
Children's World International (Charity Reg. No. 1079546) is the sister charity of Children's World and was started in 1999 to work with children in the Balkans, in conjunction with Balkan Sunflowers and Save the Children.
Children's World changed to a Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO) and has a new number: 1172322. Children's World International was closed and the projects taken on by Children's World.
# Jim Burt (sportscaster)

Jim Burt (June 22, 1918 – July 5, 1993) was an American broadcast pioneer who spent forty years as sportscaster on KELO radio and television. He was named South Dakota's sportscaster of the year seven times.

## Biography

Jim Burt was born in Melcher, Iowa, on June 22, 1918. He graduated from Melcher High School in 1936 and then from Brown Institute in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Burt started broadcasting sports for KELO in June 1947. He broadcast every boys basketball tournament from 1948 to 1982, and was "the voice of the South Dakota Coyotes" from 1952 to 1977.
Jim Burt joined South Dakota's first television station, KELO-TV in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, when the station first went on the air in 1953. He served as the station's sports director. Burt retired in 1987.
In December 1994, an endowed scholarship fund was established in Jim Burt's memory within the University of South Dakota Foundation. The scholarship was called the "Jim Burt Memorial Scholarship for Broadcast Journalism Endowment."
Jim Burt died in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, on July 5, 1993, at the age of 75.
# Holoplankton

Holoplankton are organisms that are planktic (they live in the water column and cannot swim against a current) for their entire life cycle. Holoplankton can be contrasted with meroplankton, which are planktic organisms that spend part of their life cycle in the benthic zone. Examples of holoplankton include some diatoms, radiolarians, some dinoflagellates, foraminifera, amphipods, krill, copepods, and salps, as well as some gastropod mollusk species. Holoplankton dwell in the pelagic zone as opposed to the benthic zone. Holoplankton include both phytoplankton and zooplankton and vary in size. The most common plankton are protists.

## Reproduction

Holoplankton have unique traits that make reproduction in the water column possible. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are used depending on the type of plankton. Some invertebrate holoplankton release sperm into the water column which are then taken up by the females for fertilization. Other species release both sperm and egg to increase the likelihood of fertilization. Environmental, mechanical, or chemical cues can all trigger this release.
Diatoms are single celled phytoplankton that can occur as individuals or as long chains. They can reproduce sexually and asexually. Diatoms are important oxygen producers and are usually the first step in the food chain.
Copepods are small holoplanktonic crustaceans that swim using their hind legs and antennae.

## Defenses

Because of their small size and sluggish swimming abilities, holoplanktonic species have made certain specialized adaptations and in some cases are equipped with special defenses. Adaptations include flat bodies, lateral spines, oil droplets, floats filled with gases, sheaths made of gel-like substances, and ion replacement.
Zooplankton have adapted by developing transparent bodies, bright colors, bad tastes and cyclomorphosis (seasonal changes in body shape). When predators release a chemical in the water to signal zooplankton; cyclomorphosis allows holoplankton to increase their spines and protective shields. Studies have shown that although small in size certain gelatinous zooplankton are rich in protein and lipid. "Many holoplankton seem to have very little visible defense mechanisms; therefore, it is hypothesized that a chemical defense may be possible. Pelagic cnidarians (jellyfish and related species) have nematocysts on their tentacles that eject a coiled microscopic thread very rapidly. These threads penetrate the surface of their target and release a series of complicated, biologically advanced venoms. Their stings can be very dangerous, due in part to the number of vital systems affected.

## Sexual holoplankton

* Copepod
# Ilja Bergh

Ilja Bergh (22 January 1927 – 5 September 2015) was a Danish pianist and composer.
His father was a Jewish singing teacher and his mother was a Russian-born painter. His grandfather was the composer Rudolph Sophus Bergh and his great-grandfather physician and zoologist Rudolph Bergh.
Ilja Bergh led a colorful and turbulent life. His childhood took him from Berlin to Riga and Kiev, and finally to Copenhagen. He received his first piano lessons in Kiev 1935–1937. After World War II, he was admitted to the Royal Danish Academy of Music, but was thrown out due to obstinance. Later he was admitted again and received his diploma in 1957.
He died on 5 September 2015.
# Pyrates (disambiguation)

Pyrates is a 1991 comedy film.
Pyrates may also refer to:
* The Pyrates, a 1983 comedic novel by George MacDonald Fraser
* Mega Bloks Pyrates, a construction block toy line
* A General History of the Pyrates, a 1724 book about pirates
* Pyrates!, a Folk-rock band
* Pyrate Confraternity, a nickname for the National Association of Seadogs
# Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session

Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session is a live album by baritone saxophonist Pepper Adams featuring trumpeter Kenny Wheeler which was recorded in August 1983 and originally released on the Uptown label in 1984 as Live at Fat Tuesdays then released on CD with additional tracks on Reservoir Records in 1990.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| Allmusic | |
According to The Penguin Guide to Jazz, Conjuration is: "A heartening farewell to Adams career on record" noting "this live set emphasises his virtues – the muscularity of sound, oversized tone and plangent phrasing – so decisively that one overlooks any scent of routine in his playing". The AllMusic review states "The great baritonist Pepper Adams is teamed up with the adventurous trumpeter Kenny Wheeler and veteran pianist Hank Jones for this live quintet date. Wheeler, although often associated with the avant-garde, has never had any difficulty playing changes and his strong style clearly inspired Adams".

## Track listing

    All compositions by Pepper Adams, except where indicated.
* "Conjuration" – 7:47
* "Alone Together" (Arthur Schwartz, Howard Dietz) – 8:17
* "Diabolique II" – 7:58
* "Claudette's Way" – 7:35 Bonus track on CD release
* "Dylan's Delight" – 6:46 Bonus track on CD release
* "Dr. Deep" – 7:33
* "Old Ballad" – (Kenny Wheeler) 7:10
* "Quittin' Time" (Thad Jones) – 6:52 Bonus track on CD release
* "Dobbin" – 5:45
* "Tis" (Jones) – 2:34

## Personnel

* Pepper Adams – baritone saxophone
* Kenny Wheeler – trumpet, flugelhorn
* Hank Jones – piano
* Clint Houston – bass
* Louis Hayes – drums
# Chickahominy Shores, Virginia

Chickahominy Shores is an unincorporated community in New Kent County, Virginia, United States.
# The Worlds of Fritz Leiber

The Worlds of Fritz Leiber is a collection of stories by Fritz Leiber published in 1976.

## Contents

* "The Hatchery of Dreams"
* "The Goggles of Dr. Dragonet"
* "Far Reach to Cygnus"
* "Night Passage"
* "The Nice Girl With Five Husbands"
* "When the Change-Winds Blow"
* "237 Talking Statues, Etc."
* "The Improper Authorities"
* "Our Saucer Vacation"
* "Pipe Dream"
* "What's He Doing In There?"
* "Friends and Enemies"
* "The Last Letter"
* "Endfray of the Ofay"
* "Cyclops"
* "Mysterious Doings in the Metropolitan Museum"
* "The Bait"
* "The Lotus Eaters"
* "Waif"
* "Myths My Great-Granddaughter Taught Me"
* "Catch That Zeppelin!"
* "Last"

## Reception

C. Ben Ostrander reviewed The Worlds of Fritz Leiber in The Space Gamer No. 8. Ostrander commented that Leiber "is a total master of the written word [...] Don't miss this book!"

## Reviews

* Review by Michael Bishop (1977) in Delap's F & SF Review, April 1977
# Mukala

Mukala was a Christian rock band formed in the late 1990s. The group consists of singer, songwriter and keyboardist Dan Muckala, guitarist Alex Nifong, and drummer Jason Collum. They released one album, Fiction, in 1998.

## History

Dan Muckala was a musical composition student at Belmont University in Tennessee. In 1996, he became a professional songwriter and penned a number of Top Ten songs on contemporary hit radio. Prior to forming the band, Muckala had also toured with other artists and led worship for a youth group. According to Muckala, "the band got started out of a desire that God gave me to put together a group that . . . really was focused on reaching kids and not just playing music either. I've always felt that Christian music should be a medium that reaches into the mainstream."
Signed in early 1998 to Essential Records, Mukala released their debut album, Fiction, in September. The band's musical style drew comparisons to Silage, Smash Mouth, and Beck. Their first single, "Soap", received airplay on Christian rock and Top 40 radio stations. In an industry first, the single "Regret" was released as an Internet download. "Regret" was also featured on the soundtrack of the 1999 movie Drive Me Crazy, starring Melissa Joan Hart and Adrian Grenier. Since the album's release, Dan Muckala became a record producer.

## Discography
### Albums

* 1998: Fiction– Essential Records
# Paul Ariste

Paul Ariste (3 February 1905 – 2 February 1990) was an Estonian linguist renowned for his studies of the Finno-Ugric languages (especially Estonian and Votic), Yiddish and Baltic Romani language.
He was born as Paul Berg, in Rääbise, Võtikvere Parish (now Jõgeva Parish), Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire, but in 1927 Estonized his name to Ariste. He graduated from the University of Tartu and subsequently worked with it. Ariste wrote his M.A. thesis ("Eesti-rootsi laensõnad eesti keeles") on Swedish – viz. Estonian Swedish dialect – loanwords in Estonian, his doctoral thesis ("Hiiu murrete häälikud") treated the Hiiumaa dialect of Estonian language. From 1945 to 1946, Ariste was imprisoned by the Soviet authorities (for having been member of Veljesto, a student association in independent Estonia)
Since 1927 Paul Ariste eagerly participated in activities of Estonian Folklore Archives, where he established collections of Jewish, Swedish and Romani folklore, and contributed a lot to collections of Finno-Baltic minorities and Old-Believers of Peipsi region.
He was the head of the Finno-Ugrian Department at the University of Tartu and one of the two most instrumental personalities in reviving Soviet Finno-Ugrian studies. Ariste founded the journal Sovetskoye finnougrovedeniye (Советское финноугроведение; Soviet Finno-Ugric Studies, later renamed Linguistica Uralica).
He was also a notable Esperantist, and a member of the Academy of Esperanto between 1967 and 1976. He was also listed in a year 2000 issue of the Esperanto magazine La Ondo among the 100 most eminent Esperantists.
He died in Tartu, aged 84.

## Notable students

* Lydia Vasikova, philologist
# Computed tomography dose index

The computed tomography dose index (CTDI) is a commonly used radiation exposure index in X-ray computed tomography (CT), first defined in 1981. The unit of CTDI is the gray (Gy) and it can be used in conjunction with patient size to estimate the absorbed dose. The CTDI and absorbed dose may differ by more than a factor of two for small patients such as children.

## Definitions

Because CT scanners typically acquire multiple slices during a single rotation with a single beam, the CTDI is calculated by integrating over the dose profile for a single axial rotation, then dividing by the nominal beam width:
$CTDI={\frac {1}{nT}}\int _{-z}^{+z}{D(z){\text{d}}z}$
where $n$ is the number of slices acquired per single axial rotation, $T$ is the width of a single acquired slice (and thus $n$$T$ is the nominal beam width) and $D(z)$ is the radiation dose measured at position $z$ along the scanner's main axis - the dose profile.
This measurement is most often made using a 100-mm standard pencil dose chamber as this is representative of a typical scan length:
$CTDI_{100}={\frac {1}{nT}}\int _{-50mm}^{50mm}{D(z){\text{d}}z}$.
The absorbed dose to water $D_{w}(z)$ (used to refer back to patient dose) is typically measured in a cylindrical head (16 cm diameter) or body (32 cm diameter) phantom of length approximately 14–15 cm.
The dose distribution imparted by a CT scan is much more homogeneous than that imparted by radiography, but is still somewhat larger near the skin than in the centre of the body. The weighted CTDI was introduced to account for this:
$CTDI_{w}={\frac {1}{3}}CTDI_{100}^{central}+{\frac {2}{3}}CTDI_{100}^{peripheral}$
using measurements acquired at central and peripheral positions in the head or body phantoms described above.

### CTDI in helical CT

In helical CT, the pitch of the machine - a factor of the speed at which the couch travels through the gantry and the tube rotation frequency - also impacts on patient dose. The pitch factor, P, is defined as
$P={\frac {d_{360^{\circ }}}{C}}$
where $d_{360^{\circ }}$ is the distance travelled by the couch during one full gantry rotation and $C$ is the beam collimation (single-slice CT) or the total thickness of all simultaneously acquired slices (multislice CT). The following quantity is therefore used to take account of pitch:
$CTDI_{vol}={\frac {CTDI_{w}}{P}}$
Similar measures with yet wider chambers are useful for CT systems with large numbers of detector rows.
CTDI can also be measured with polymer gel dosimetry.

### Relation to DLP

The dose-length product (DLP) is a quantity defined for use in CT as
$DLP=CTDI_{vol}.nT$
for $n$ and $T$ as described above ($nT$ is therefore the total scan length). This quantity is analogous to the dose-area product (DAP) used in planar radiography.
# Julia Bartz (writer)

Julia Bartz is an American clinical therapist, and writer.

## Life

She graduated from Hunter College. Her reviews appeared in CrimeReads.
Her sister is Andrea Bartz.

## Works

* The Writing Retreat, Simon & Schuster, 2023.
# Hobo's Taunt

Hobo's Taunt was the second album released by Canadian singer-songwriter Willie P. Bennett and was released as an LP album by Woodshed Records in 1977 (WS-007). Produced by David Essig, the album was engineered by brothers Daniel Lanois and Bob Lanois. This production team had trouble capturing Willie's vocals, as he moved around too much, so had him lie down and sing while flat on his back.
The album contains one of Bennett's better-known songs, "Lace And Pretty Flowers", which has been covered by several other singers.
Bennett re-released the album on compact disc in 2000. The album was digitally remastered by Paul Reiemens at Grant Avenue Studios in Hamilton, Ontario and released on Bennett's independent label, Bnatural Music. In 2003 it was re-released by Japanese label Air Mail Archive (AIRAC-1039), as part of their "Canadian Singer Songwriters Series Vol. 2", in an LP-style slipcase. However, this edition was mastered from a vinyl LP.

## Track listing

All words and music by Willie P. Bennett Side one
* "Come On Train"
* "Lace and Pretty Flowers"
* "Storm Clouds"
* "Hobo's Taunt"
* "Stealin' Away"
Side two
* "A Woman Never Knows"
* "Lonely One Car Funerals"
* "If You Have to Choose"
* "You"
* "Faces"

## Performers and credits

* Willie P. Bennett – vocals, guitar, harmonica, high string guitar ("Come On Train")
* Steve Taylor - drums
* Ken Whiteley - piano, accordion, mandolin ("One Car Funerals"), vocals ("Hobo's Taunt", "Storm Clouds"), lead acoustic guitar ("You")
* Chris Whiteley - harmonica ("One Car Funerals", "If You Have To Choose", "Hobo's Taunt"/Trumpet ("Stealin', "A Woman Never Knows"), acoustic guitar ("A Woman Never Knows")
* Michael Gardner - Fender bass, bass, vocals ("Storm Clouds")
* Rick Taylor - electric Guitar, high string guitar ("If You Have to Choose", "Diamond Rings", "You"), harmony guitar ("Diamond Rings")
* David Essig - high string guitar ("If You Have To Choose"), mandolin ("If You Have To Choose")
* Tom Evans - saxophone ("Stealin' Away", "A Woman Never Knows")
* Daniel Lanois - electric guitar break ("A Woman Never Knows")
* Produced by David Essig and Willie P. Bennett
* Engineered by Daniel Lanois and Bob Lanois (Storm Clouds & Faces)
* Recorded at Grant Avenue Studios, Hamilton, Ontario
# The Worm (Jimmy McGriff album)

The Worm is an album by American jazz organist Jimmy McGriff featuring performances recorded in 1968 and originally released on the Solid State label.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek stated "The Worm is a monster album through and through. Not only is it a revelatory example of McGriff on the wild, it marks one of the first places where the new funky urban soul met jazz and blues and evolved into jazz-funk".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Jimmy McGriff except as indicated
* "The Worm" (Sonny Lester, Jimmy McGriff, Fats Theus) - 3:20
* "Keep Loose" - 5:56
* "Heavyweight" - 6:52
* "Think" (Aretha Franklin, Ted White) - 3:16
* "Lock It Up" (Kenny Burrell) - 5:13
* "Girl Talk" (Neal Hefti, Bobby Troup) - 4:31
* "Blue Juice" - 4:59
* "Take the "A" Train" (Billy Strayhorn) - 3:46

## Personnel

* Jimmy McGriff - organ
* Blue Mitchell - trumpet
* Danny Turner - alto saxophone
* Fats Theus - tenor saxophone
* Robert Ashton - baritone saxophone
* Thornel Schwartz - guitar
* Bob Bushnell - electric bass
* Mel Lewis, Grady Tate - drums
# Bonerama

Bonerama is a brass funk rock band from New Orleans.
Bonerama was formed in 1998 by trombone players Mark Mullins and Craig Klein, who, from 1990 up until late 2006, were also members of Harry Connick Jr.'s big band. Shortly thereafter, they added trombone players Steve Suter, Brian O'Neill, and Rick Trolsen, sousaphone player Matt Perrine, guitarist Bert Cotton, and drummer Eric Bolivar. New Orleans drummers Russell Batiste, Stanton Moore, Doug Belote, Chad Gilmore, Terence Higgins, and Kevin O'Day have also been playing with Bonerama for periods of time. Later, Charlie Wooton and Nori Naraoka electric bass replaced Matt Perrine before his return to the band in 2013. Brian O'Neill had a heart attack and died while on a solo piano gig in New Orleans in December 2005.
Bonerama released their debut album in 2001. On January 2, 2008, Bonerama performed the national anthem at the 2008 Sugar Bowl. On February 5, they released a joint EP with OK Go, entitled You're Not Alone, to raise money for New Orleans musicians displaced by the 2005 Hurricane Katrina. After the departure of Rick Trolsen and Steve Suter in early 2009, trombonist Greg Hicks joined the band.

## Discography

* Live at the Old Point (Bonerama, 2001)
* Live from New York (Mule Train, 2004)
* Bringing It Home (MTP, 2007)
* Shake It Baby (Bonerama, 2013)
* Hot Like Fire (Basin Street, 2017)
* Bonerama Plays Zeppelin (Basin Street, 2019)
# Jim Camp

James Vernon Camp (August 8, 1924 – January 31, 2002) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at George Washington University from 1961 to 1966, compiling a record of 23–34. A native of Danville, Virginia, Camp played college football at Randolph–Macon College in 1942 and at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1944 to 1947. He played professionally for one season, in 1948, with the Brooklyn Dodgers of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC).

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| George Washington Colonials (Southern Conference) (1961–1966) ||||||
| 1961 | George Washington | 3–6 | 3–4 | 6th |
| 1962 | George Washington | 3–7 | 1–5 | 8th |
| 1963 | George Washington | 2–7 | 1–5 | 8th |
| 1964 | George Washington | 5–4 | 3–2 | 3rd |
| 1965 | George Washington | 5–5 | 4–3 | 5th |
| 1966 | George Washington | 5–5 | 4–3 | 4th |
| George Washington: | George Washington: | 23–34 | 16–22 | |
| Total: | Total: | 23–34 | | |
# Cork Cathedral

Cork Cathedral refers to two cathedrals which are located in Cork, Ireland:
* Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne, a Roman Catholic cathedral, often known locally as North Cathedral
* Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral, a Church of Ireland cathedral, often known locally as South Cathedral
# Myristica filipes

Myristica filipes is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
# Paul S. Cederna

Paul S. Cederna is an American plastic surgeon who is Robert Oneal Professor of Plastic Surgery, Chief of the Section of Plastic Surgery, and Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Michigan.

## Education

He earned his BSc in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Michigan College of Engineering and medical degree from the University of Michigan Medical School. He went to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics for his residency in General Surgery and a fellowship in Microsurgery before returning to Michigan for a Plastic Surgery Fellowship. He subsequently completed two years of basic science research training as a post doctoral research fellow at the Muscle Mechanics Lab.

## Career

He leads the Neuromuscular Lab at the University of Michigan, along with Stephen Kemp and Theodore A. Kung, uniting biotechnology and surgical science.

## Research

Cederna specializes in reconstruction of complex wounds. He has also led projects developing robotic prosthetics that use signals from the brain through nerve interfaces for amputees, which was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

## Honors and awards

Cederna was elected the President of the Plastic Surgery Foundation in 2016. He has been named to the Top Docs list multiple times.