OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mittelnkirchen

Mittelnkirchen (in High German, in Low Saxon: Mittelskark) is a municipality in the district of Stade, Lower Saxony, Germany.

## History

Mittelnkirchen belonged - as to its government - to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In religious respect, however, Mittelnkirchen formed part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Verden until after 1566 its incumbent bishops lost papal recognition, except of a last Catholic bishop from 1630 to 1631, respectively. In the mid-16th century the inhabitants adopted Lutheranism. During the Leaguist occupation under Tilly (1628–1630), they suffered from attempts of re-Catholicisation.
In 1648 the prince-archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which – after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 – incorporated the duchy in a real union and the ducal territory, including Mittelnkirchen, became part of the Stade Region, established in 1823.
# Church Mouth

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| AbsolutePunk.net | (83%) |
| Music Box | |
Church Mouth is the second studio album by American rock band Portugal. The Man. It was released on July 20, 2007 in Europe and on July 24, 2007 in the UK and the USA. As of June 22, 2007, the album had leaked to p2p networks. Regarding the leak, the band posted the following message on their MySpace bulletins:
   "Go download it. Give yourself the tastes. Feel free."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by John Baldwin Gourley
* A limited edition of the album was released exclusively in Germany. It featured the It's Complicated Being a Wizard EP as a bonus disc.

## Personnel
### Portugal. The Man

* John Baldwin Gourley - guitars, lead vocals, synthesizers, programming
* Zachary Scott Carothers - bass, backing vocals, percussion
* Jason Sechrist - drums, backing vocals, congas, percussion

### Additional personnel

* Casey Bates - production, guitar, backing vocals, percussion
* Kirk Huffman - guitar, percussion
* Dewey Halpaus - backing vocals
* Phillip Peterson - cello, backing vocals
* Kyle O'Quin – keyboards, percussion
* Thomas Hunter - percussion
# Callulops stictogaster

Callulops stictogaster is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to New Guinea and occurs in the central mountain ranges of Papua New Guinea in the Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Chimbu, and Morobe Provinces. The specific name stictogaster is derived from the Greek stictos (="spotted") and gaster (="belly"). Common name Irumbofoie callulops frog has been proposed for it.

## Description

Callulops stictogaster is a relatively large species that can reach 80 mm (3.1 in) in snout–vent length. There is a characteristic small ridge or tubercle between the eye and the nostril. The head is narrower than the body. The snout is bluntly rounded. The tympanum is visible but not prominent; the supratympanic fold is weak. The finger and the toe tips are rounded, lacking discs. The dorsal coloration varies from light purplish brown in preservative (holotype) to yellowish brown in life (a paratype). The ventral surfaces are brown with many tiny white spots.

## Habitat and conservation

Callulops stictogaster occurs in hill and montane rainforests at elevations of 1,400–2,580 m (4,590–8,460 ft) above sea level, often in steep terrain. It appears to be terrestrial. Development is direct (i.e, there is no free-living larval stage). It is not a common species but can nevertheless occur in large numbers in suitable habitat. It is not exposed to significant threats, although it is used as pig feed in the Chimbu Province. It is not known to occur in protected areas.
# Bradshaw Brook

Bradshaw Brook is a river draining parts of Lancashire and Greater Manchester in Northern England.
Starting life as Cadshaw Brook draining a valley named Green Lowe Clough on Turton Moor, the brook feeds the Turton and Entwistle Reservoir and Wayoh Reservoir (the latter also fed by Blackstone Brook and Whittlestone Head Brook). From there, the river traverses Turton Bottoms and passes Chapeltown before feeding Jumbles Reservoir (along with Hazelhurst Brook).
Bradshaw Brook then passes Bromley Cross and Bradshaw on its way to meet the River Tonge at Leverhulme Park east of Bolton.

## Local nature reserve

Upper Bradshaw Valley local nature reserve is in the wooded valley of Bradshaw Brook. The woodlands are native broadleaf trees and are separated by meadow areas. At the northern end is a disused quarry ⁬with pond areas. Bolton's arboretum is located at the southern end. The brook, a tributary of the River Croal, flows through the reserve from Jumbles Reservoir.

## Tributaries

* Riding Gate Brook (L)
* Hazelhurst Brook (R)
** Swine Yard Brook (L)
* Billy Brook (R)
* Quarlton Brook (L)
* Broadhead Brook (L)
** Wheatsheaf Brook (L)
** Whittlestone Head Brook (R)
** Naze Brook (R)
** Higher Barn Brook (L)
** Horse Hey Brook (R)
** Clough Head Brook (R)
* Simms Brook (L)
* Little Moor Brook (R)
* Cadshaw Brook
** Wilding Brook (R)
# Chie Kobayashi

Chie Kobayashi (小林 千絵, Kobayashi Chie) is a Japanese actress and singer.

## Discography
### Single

* Itsumo kata omoi (いつも片想い)
** Released: 21 March 1983
* Zutto rhapsody (ずっとラプソディ)
** Released: 21 June 1983
* Mizuiro no kachūsha (水色のカチューシャ)
** Released: 21 September 1983
* LOVE WITH YOU
** Released: 21 January 1984
*** used as opening song of the anime Katri, Girl of the Meadows
* Chiguhagu KISS (ちぐはぐキッス)
** Released: 21 May 1984
* Ojisan no kimochi mo shiranaide (おじさんの気持も知らないで)
** Released: 21 September 1984
* Hotel Osaka (ホテルOSAKA)
** Released: 21 May 1985
* Kimagure MY LOVE (気まぐれマイ・ラブ)
** Released: 21 July 1986
* Tsuyogari (つよがり)
** Released: 5 October 1988
* STORY
** Released: 21 June 1991
* Koi ni odoreba (恋に踊れば)
** Released: 17 March 1995

## Albums

* Namida STAR Girls
** Released: 21 October 1983
* Best of Chie Kobayashi
** Released: 19 June 2002
* Namida STAR Girls (CD)
** Released: 16 July 2008
# Georg Friedrich Creuzer

Georg Friedrich Creuzer (German:; 10 March 1771 – 6 February 1858) was a German philologist and archaeologist.

## Life

He was born at Marburg, the son of a bookbinder. After studying at Marburg and at the University of Jena, he went to Leipzig as a private tutor; but in 1802 he was appointed professor at Marburg, and two years later professor of philology and ancient history at Heidelberg. He held the latter position for nearly forty-five years, with the exception of a short time spent at the University of Leiden, where his health was affected by the Dutch climate.
Creuzer was one of the principal founders of the Philological Seminary established at Heidelberg in 1807. The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris, appointed him one of its members, and from the Grand Duke of Baden he received the dignity of privy councillor. In 1844 Creuzer received a medal for his 40th anniversary of employment at the University of Heidelberg. This medal was made by the engraver Ludwig Kachel.

## Works

Creuzer's first and most famous work was his Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Völker, besonders der Griechen (1810–12, 2nd ed. 1819, 3rd ed. 1837), in which he maintained that the mythology of Homer and Hesiod came from an Eastern source through the Pelasgians, and reflected the symbolism of an ancient revelation; as a reconciliation with Judeo-Christian religion, it was, Walter Burkert has said, "the last large-scale and thoroughly unavailing endeavor of this kind."
This work ran counter to the ideology of romantic nationalism, which held literature and culture to be intimately connected with a Volk, epitomized by Karl Otfried Müller's concept of a Greek Stammeskultur, a Greek "tribal culture". For this and the next generations, "origins and organic development rather than reciprocal cultural influences became the key to understanding."
Creuzer's work was vigorously attacked by Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann in his Briefen über Homer und Hesiod, and in his letter, addressed to Creuzer, Über das Wesen und die Behandlung der Mythologie; by Johann Heinrich Voss in his Antisymbolik; and by Christian Lobeck in his Aglaophamus. It was briefly praised, however, by Hegel in his Philosophy of Right.
Creuzer's other works include:
* an edition of Plotinus
* a partial edition of Cicero, in preparing which he was assisted by Moser
* Epochen der griechischen Literaturgeschichte (1802)
* Die historische Kunst der Griechen (1803)
* Abriss der römischen Antiquitaten (1824)
* Zur Geschichte altrömischer Cultur am Oberrhein und Neckar (1833)
* Zur Gemmenkunde (1834)
* Das Mithreum von Neuenheim (1838)
* Zur Galerie der alten Dramatiker (1839)
* Zur Geschichte der classischen Philologie (1854).
See the autobiographical Aus dem Leben eines alten Professors (Leipzig and Darmstadt, 1848), to which was added in the year of his death Paralipomena der Lebenskunde eines alten Professors (Frankfurt, 1858); also Starck, Friederich Kreuzer, sein Bildungsgang und seine bleibende Bedeutung (Heidelberg, 1875).
# Christopher Rich

Christopher Rich may refer to:
* Christopher Rich (theatre manager) (1657–1714), London theatre manager
* Christopher Rich (actor) (born 1953), American actor
# Picardella

Picardella is a genus of fungi in the family Laboulbeniaceae. The genus contain 2 species.
# Picardi

Picardi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adrian Picardi (born 1987), American filmmaker
* Eva Picardi (1948–2017), Italian philosopher
* Francesco Picardi (1928–2012), Italian politician
* John C. Picardi, American playwright
* Phillip Picardi, American magazine editor
* Vincenzo Picardi (born 1983), Italian boxer
# Physoloba

Physoloba is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Piano Sonata No. 18 (Mozart)

The Piano Sonata No. 18 in D major, K. 576, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as part of a set of six for Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia in 1789. It is often nicknamed "The Hunt" or "The Trumpet Sonata", for the hornlike opening. The sonata, having a typical performance duration of about 15 minutes, is Mozart's last. It was the only one of the intended set of six.

## Date of the sonata

In a letter to a fellow Freemason Michael von Puchberg, dated 12 July 1789, Mozart wrote "meanwhile I am working on six easy piano sonatas for Princess Friederike and six quartets for the King". Hermann Abert believed K. 576 to be one of these sonatas; however, Wolfgang Plath and Wolfgang Rehm stated in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe that they doubted this, as K. 576 is demanding to play, often considered one of Mozart's hardest sonatas, due to its technically difficult counterpoint passages. Charles Rosen offered a moderate viewpoint, considering that Mozart may have mistakenly believed that these passages were easy (as they are in two parts, one in each hand), even if they are not actually so in practice. The work was published posthumously in 1805.

## Movements

As was typical of the time, the work is in three movements, in a standard fast, slow, fast order:

### I. Allegro

In D major, the first movement is in sonata form and begins with both hands in unison, followed by some trills and a repeat in E minor. This material is used and varied for the first theme, finally cadencing to the dominant, where the second theme provides a more graceful contrast to the grandness of the first. The development section includes many different keys, but starts in the dominant, using counterpoint and harmonic imbalance and exploration. This gives a feeling of tension, which is then resolved before returning to the recapitulation in the home key. Tension and release was a key aspect of the classical era, as it provided composers with a chance to interrupt cadences and draw out tension in order to create an exciting piece. It also helped to extend melodies as a new theme could be made after the release, as is shown in this movement.

### II. Adagio

The middle movement is in the dominant key of A major and includes many scale passages as well as counterpoint. Mozart uses harmonic exploration throughout the sonata such as suspensions and dissonances. There are some chromatic elements in this movement, as is common in many of Mozart's later works. Diminished chords are used to help modulate frequently and a series of keys are cadenced into. These harmonies can also allow more melodic techniques to be used.

### III. Allegretto

The last movement has a playful mood and is light in texture, however the articulation is marked carefully and precisely to maintain clarity, as was common of the time. It is in sonata rondo form. The first theme is followed by a number of scale passages and a short series of arpeggios. The same material is used for the rest of the piece, although there are some differences towards the end.
# Joel Manuel Hoffman

Joel Manuel Hoffman (also known under the pen name of J. M. Hoffman) is an American scholar, writer, speaker, and novelist known for his criticism of the Christian fundamentalism's style of Biblical interpretation. He has served as a translator for the ten volume series of My People's Prayer Book.
# Pi Vèriss

Pi Vèriss, born Piet Visser, was a Dutch songwriter and composer probably best known for writing the Johnny Jordaan hit "Geef mij maar Amsterdam", an immensely popular Jordaanlied. He was awarded the Golden Harp in 1986 for his entire body of work.
Vèriss was the regular songwriter for Johnny Jordaan in the 1950s (apparently he wrote "Geef mij maar Amsterdam" in ten minutes), and wrote and produced a number of other Dutch hit songs, some of which he recorded in the home studio in his attic. In the early 1970s, he owned a building in Baambrugge, in which the Beach Boys recorded Holland (all other studio space in the Netherlands being booked). The studio inside that building was heavily modified from the four-track home studio Vèriss had built in a former chicken coop; the Beach Boys flew the studio equipment in from the United States.
# Martin F. Jarrold

Martin F. Jarrold is a physical and analytical chemist known for contributions to ion-mobility spectrometry, heat capacity measurements of metal clusters, and charge detection mass spectrometry. Martin is the Robert & Marjorie Mann Chair in the Department of Chemistry at Indiana University.

## Background

Martin F. Jarrold grew up in England. He attended the University of Warwick in Coventry, England and obtained both a Bachelor of Science (1977) and PhD (1980). Jarrold came to the United States as a NATO Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California in Santa Barbara. Joining the Physics Research Division of AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey after UCSB. There, he focused on determining the physical and chemical properties of semiconductor clusters. In 1992, he became Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University, and was later named Dow Chemical Company Research Professor in 2000. While at Northwestern, he worked on advanced mass spectrometry-based-methods to study peptides and proteins. In the summer of 2002, he moved to Indiana University as Professor and a Robert & Marjorie Mann Chair in the Department of Chemistry.

## Research

Jarrold's research focuses include use of ion-mobility spectrometry to analyze proteins, peptides, clusters, and other biomolecules. Through ion mobility spectrometry, his group was able to see deviations from the native state and different conformations (different protein folding modes). Some of Jarrold's more recent research has investigated the formation of viral capsids by analyzing the intermediates in their formation with charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS). Jarrold has been involved in the publication of over 250 articles.

## Awards

On June 8, 2018, Jarrold received the John B. Fenn Award at the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Conference for his work in ion mobility spectrometry. This award is given to those who have made distinguished contributions to the mass spectrometry field.
# Musta Maija

Musta Maija (Finnish pronunciation:; "Black Mary") is a Finnish card game. It is primarily a children's game, but due to its tactical possibilities, it can be enjoyed by adults as well.

## Rules

The game is suitable for 3-5 players and uses the standard pack of 52 cards. Aces are high (meaning they have the highest value in the deck). Each player is dealt five cards and the remainder form a face-down stock. The top card of the stock is placed face up under the stock and determines the trump suit. If it is Spades, the card is returned into the middle of the stock, and a new card turned to determine trumps.
The Queen of Spades is a special card called Maija (Black Maria).
During play, whenever a player has fewer than five cards in his hand and there are cards left in the stock, the player must draw cards from the stock so that they have five cards.
Each player in turn plays one or more cards from the hand to the table with the following restrictions: the cards must all be of the same suit (for this purpose, Maija counts as a spade). Their number must not exceed the number of cards that the player to the left has in hand. Playing cards to the table is one action and the player may not draw cards from the stock while playing cards to the table.
After that, the player to the left tries to beat the cards on the table. A card can be beaten by a higher card of the same suit. A non-trump card can be beaten by any trump. A card can beat only one card. Musta Maija cannot be beaten, but cannot beat any other cards. Beating cards is one action and the player is not allowed to draw cards from the stock while following.
The entire trick is removed from play.
If the player to the left beat all the cards on the table, it is their turn to lead. If the player could not or did not want to beat all the cards on the table, they must pick up the remaining cards and the turn passes to the next player on the left.
Players who get rid of all their cards after the stock is exhausted are 'out' and do not participate further in the game. The last one left holding cards (including Maija) is the loser.
# Phrynopus oblivius

Phrynopus oblivius is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to central Peru and only known from near its type locality near Maraynioc, in the Tarma Province, Junín Region, at about 3,210–3,220 m (10,530–10,560 ft) asl. It is known from a collection in 2005; there has been no later surveys for the species.

## Description

Adult males measure 17.5–20 mm (0.69–0.79 in) and adult females 22–24 mm (0.87–0.94 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is short and rounded. The tympanum is absent. The finger and toe tips are rounded; toes have lateral fringes. Skin on dorsum is smooth and has few, small tubercles and forms discoidal folds. The dorsum is dark brown and has small, white spots The venter is reddish brown and has small, white spots. The iris is gold and has golden reticulations. Males have neither vocal sacs nor nuptial pads.

## Habitat and conservation

The known specimens were found in remnants of a cloud forest, all beneath rocks next to a small creek. The species shares its habitat with Gastrotheca griswoldi. It is possible that habitat loss is occurring in the general area of type locality.
# Phrynopus kauneorum

Phrynopus kauneorum is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to the Andes of Peru and known from near its type locality in the Pachitea Province, as well as from the Cordillera de Carpish, both in the Huánuco Region. The specific name kauneorum honors Andreas, Meeta, and Rebekka Kaune from Germany.

## Description

Only females and juveniles of this species are known. Adult females measure 29–56 mm (1.1–2.2 in) in snout–vent length—the maximum size is very large for the genus. The head is narrow and relatively short. The snout is short and rounded. Tympanum is absent, but the supratympanic fold is distinct. The fingers and toes have no webbing nor lateral fringes; the digital tips are slightly swollen. Skin of the dorsum is smooth. Dorsal coloration is glaucous with sepia blotches and stripes; one stripe runs from the beginning of the nose and extends across the upper eyelid to the inguinal region; another one runs dorsolaterally from behind the supratympanic fold to the middle of body.

## Habitat and conservation

Phrynopus kauneorum is a terrestrial frog that occurs in montane cloud forests and forest edges (but not in agricultural land) at elevations of 2,735–3,380 m (8,973–11,089 ft) above sea level. Agricultural activities, primarily potato cultivation and livestock ranching, are the main threats to it. It is not known to occur in any protected areas.
# Martin Pěnička

Martin Pěnička (10 December 1969 – 25 February 2023) was a Czech footballer who played as a defender, mainly for Slavia Prague, where he spent four seasons in the Czech First League, making over 100 appearances in this period and scoring 12 goals. Pěnička represented his country at under-21 level. He was the brother of player Pavel Pěnička.
Pěnička died on 25 February 2023, at the age of 53.
# John Cage (Totteridge)

John Cage was a citizen of London and the holder of the Manor of Totteridge in Hertfordshire which was granted to him by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590 but lost to the Peacock family following a legal case.

## Early life and family

Cage was the second son of Anthony Cage, citizen and Salter of London. He had an elder brother, Anthony, of Longstow in Cambridgeshire. He married Jane, daughter of Richard Thornhill of Bromley, Kent, and had a son, Richard (still living in 1623), of Thames Ditton, who was married in London on 3 February 1596, to Jane Fowler, daughter of Lady Brocket by her first husband, Gabriel Fowler.

## Manor of Totteridge

The grant of the manor of Totteridge to John Cage was made by Queen Elizabeth I on 11 May 1590 out of the possessions of the Bishop of Ely who surrendered it in return for an annuity of £1,500 to be paid to the Bishops of that see. From 1603, Cage and Richard Peacock fought a legal case over the ownership of the manor which resulted in it becoming vested in the Peacock family in 1606 or 1607. In 1591, he became a governor of Queen Elizabeth's School, in nearby Chipping Barnet. In 1593, John Cage of Totteridge, gentleman, was assessed to make a contribution to the defence of the kingdom of 40l.
# Picunches Department

Pehuenches is a department located in the west of Neuquén Province, Argentina.

## Geography

The Department is surrounded by Loncopué Department in the north, Confluencia Department in the northeast, Zapala Department in the southwest, Catán Lil Department in the south, Aluminé Department in the southwest and Chile in the west.
38°31′24″S 70°21′42″W﻿ / ﻿38.52333°S 70.36167°W﻿ / -38.52333; -70.36167
* This article about a place in Neuquén Province, Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Ivy Audrain

Ivy Audrain (born May 8, 1988) is an American professional racing cyclist who rides for Hagens Berman–Supermint.
# Musubi

Musubi may refer to:
* Onigiri, also known as o-musubi, a Japanese snack
* Spam musubi, popular in Hawaii
* Göteborg musubi, a Hawaiian food
* Musubi, a character in Sekirei
* Decorative knots made to support obi sashes
* Musuhi a concept in Shinto