OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josef Valčík

Josef Valčík (pronounced; 2 November 1914 – 18 June 1942) was a Czechoslovak British-trained soldier and member of the Resistance in German-occupied Czechoslovakia who took part in the firefight during the aftermath of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich by Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš, code named Operation Anthropoid.

## Operation Anthropoid

SS-Obergruppenführer Heydrich, a high-ranking German Nazi official, was chief of the Reich Security Main Office and one of the main architects of the Holocaust. He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia in 1942.
The Germans were unable to locate the attackers until Karel Čurda of the "Out Distance" sabotage group turned himself in to the Gestapo and gave them the names of the team's local contacts for the reward of one million Reichsmarks. Valčík and the others died after a six-hour firefight with Waffen-SS troops and German police in the Saints Cyril and Methodius Cathedral.

## Family

14 members of Valčík's family were arrested, brought to Mauthausen concentration camp and executed.
* Parents Jan Valčík (1880-1942) and Veronika Valčík (1888-1942)
* Brother Antonín Valčík (1919-1942) and sister Ludmila Valčíková (1923-1942)
* Sister Terezia Beňová (1912-1942) with husband Jan Beňa (1908-1942)
* Sister Marii Kolaříková (1917-1942) with husband Josef Kolařík (1914-1942)
* Sister Františku Sívková (1911-1942) with husband František Sívek (1910-1942)
* Brother Aloise Valčík (1908-1942) with wife Anna Valčíková (1907-1942)
* Brother Emil Valčík (1909-1942) with wife Anna Valčíková (1911-1942)

## Honours

* 1942 – – Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945
* 1942 – – Second Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945 in memoriam
* 1944 – – Commemorative Medal of the Czechoslovak Army Abroad with France and Great Britain Bars
* 1945 – – Third Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945 in memoriam
* 1949 – – Czechoslovak Military Order for Freedom, Gold Star
* 1968 – – Order of the Red Banner
* 2010 – – Cross of Merit of the State Defense
# Charles Gilmore

Charles Gilmore may refer to:
* Charles W. Gilmore (1874–1945), American paleontologist
* Charles Gilmore (speed skater) (born 1950), American speed skater
# Gölcük, Kestel

Gölcük is a neighborhood in the municipality and district of Kestel, Bursa Province in Turkey. Its population is 476 (2022).
# Géza Peske

Géza Peske (1859–1934) was a Hungarian painter.
He was born in Kelecsény Austria-Hungary. He studied under Gyula Benczúr and Ludwig von Löfftz at the Academy of Munich. He lived in Budapest since 1894. His most famous pictures genre works with children there are at Hungarian National Gallery. He died and buried in Bodajk, Hungary, where a street bears his name.

## Selected paintings

* Little Gardener
* Playing Children
* Monor Landscape (1920)
* Two Boys with Slingshot on the Summer-meadow
* Potato-eaters
* Little Girl with Goat

## Source

* Art Encyclopaedia, Budapest, 1980 (Hungarian: Művészeti Lexikon, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980)
* This article about a Hungarian painter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Gölmarmara

Gölmarmara is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 310 km$^2$, and its population is 15,193 (2022). It lies at a distance of 66 km (41 mi) from the province center of Manisa. The town owes its name to the nearby Lake Marmara, called under various names throughout history. The town of Gölmarmara itself was a mere village in Ottoman times cited under such names as "Marmaracık" or "Mermere". It was made into a township with its own municipality depending the district center of Akhisar at the time of the foundation of the Turkish Republic (1923) and in 1987 a district center by its own right and under the same name, Gölmarmara. Gölmarmara lies at an elevation of 91 m (299 ft).
Agricultural lands and forest lands each occupy roughly around 11,500 hectares in the district area, with a few thousand in the fertile plain of the Gediz River valley remaining unused. Lake Marmara, aside from being a recreational center for the province as a whole, is also an important source for fishing and agricultural irrigation. Slightly lower than the town center at 79 m (259 ft), the lake is also an Important Bird Area.
There are six primary schools and two high schools in Gölmarmara, with a total teacher's corpus of 117 and a student's corpus of 3,094. A small professional higher school depending Celal Bayar University is also located in Gölmarmara, its academic corpus composed of six teachers providing education higher education with a professional focus to 144 students.
The town's most important historical building is Halime Hatun Religious Complex built by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed III during his tenure in Manisa (1583-1595) in the name of his wet nurse and his future grand vizier Tekeli Lala Mehmed Pasha's mother-in-law Halime Hatun.
In 2015 an important archaeological discovery was made at Kaymakçı: a Middle and Late Bronze Age city (2000-1200 BC) whose area was approximately 4 times larger than that of Troy.

## Composition

There are 21 neighbourhoods in Gölmarmara District:
* Atatürk
* Ayanlar
* Beyler
* Çamköy
* Çömlekçi
* Değnekler
* Eskicami
* Hacıbaştanlar
* Hacıveliler
* Hıroğlu
* İhsaniye
* İsmetpaşa
* Kayaaltı
* Kayapınar
* Kılcanlar
* Ozanca
* Taşkuyucak
* Tiyenli
* Yenicami
* Yeniköy
* Yunuslar
# Bulgarian Virtual University

The Bulgarian Virtual University (BVU) is a partnership of Bulgarian universities collaborating in the development of distance and online education.

## History

The Bulgarian Virtual University (BVU) was established at the end of 2004. The initiative came from the Chairmen of the Council of Rectors of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Higher Certifying Committee, the Union of Teachers, the Federation of the Unions of Scientists, the Bulgarian Association of Information Technologies and other educational, research and business organisations. The agreement to set the BVU up was signed by the Rectors of 37 Universities and the Directors of 27 Institutes of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

## Mission

The idea of the initiators and founders was that the Bulgarian Virtual University would initially be a national educational portal to all universities in the country (similar to the Canadian Virtual University) and its independent functions and importance would gradually increase. As Professor Y. Kouzmanova, PhD, Chairman of the Council of Rectors, stated in her welcoming speech, This is the first realistic step towards the integration of the universities in Bulgaria.
BVU has not been established with the aim of becoming a governing body, thus restricting and taking over some of the functions of the regional universities. The goal of BVU is not to teach students and confer qualifications at the moment because in Bulgaria there is no still legislation for virtual education..
The goal of BVU and the programme as a whole is to provide all-round technical and methodological support to the regional universities in their transition to electronic education, namely in setting up computer rooms and adopting software platforms for electronic education, as well as in developing web-based courses and virtual laboratories, creating virtual libraries, centres for distance learning, virtual universities and campuses.
Another equally important goal of BVU is to promote the integration of the Bulgarian with the European and world virtual educational space.

## Success

At the end of 2008 four years will have passed since the establishment of the Bulgarian Virtual University. Besides serving successfully as a portal to the regional universities, this site allows an interested person to start his search from a specific area of higher education, and going through the professional field, to find a relevant degree programme, and, eventually, the sites of the universities offering Bachelor courses in this programme. The BVU site is also the centre of the national network of virtual libraries in Bulgaria.
# Bulgarian Tsardom

Bulgarian Tsardom may refer to:
* First Bulgarian Empire or First Bulgarian Tsardom
* Second Bulgarian Empire or Second Bulgarian Tsardom
* Kingdom of Bulgaria, or Third Bulgarian Empire or Third Bulgarian Tsardom
# Charlotte Armstrong (baseball)

Charlotte T. Armstrong (née Lubman; June 17, 1924 – November 24, 2008) was a pitcher who played from 1944 through 1945 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m), 145 lb., Armstrong batted and threw right-handed. She was affectionately nicknamed Skipper.
A hard fastball pitcher, Armstrong was one of the top starters in the AAGPBL for two years before jumping to a rival professional league.

## Early life

A native of Dallas, Texas, Armstrong was one of two girls in the family of Wilhelm Lubman and Gladyse (née: Nicholson) Lubman. Armstrong grew up in Phoenix, playing sandlot ball with the boys of her neighborhood when she was a little girl. "They stuck me in the outfield, so l had to learn to throw", she recalled. As a youngster, she was befriended by local big leaguer Hank Leiber, who taught her to pitch.

## AAGPBL career

During spring training in early years, the AAGPBL allocated the players to teams for the purpose of maintaining a competitive balance. Assigned to the South Bend Blue Sox, Armstrong became known as one of the league's best overhand pitchers. She immediately formed part of a strong pitching staff that included Margaret Berger and Doris Barr.
In 1944, Armstrong posted a 21–15 record with a 1.51 earned run average, and the following season she went 18–22 with a 1.96 ERA. She later played for the Chicago Bluebirds of the National Girls' Baseball League, before returning to Phoenix, where she attended art studies at Phoenix College and played softball again for the Queens as a member of their national championship teams.
Charlotte Armstrong died in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 84.
# Ncema River

Ncema River is a river in Zimbabwe. Aquatic life in the river has been negatively affected from the deposited mercury. The river has two major parts, Upper Ncema and Lower Ncema. It hosts one of the five major portable dams which were built to supply water to Bulawayo. The Ncema is a tributary of the Mzingwane River.
# Buona giornata

Buona giornata (lit. 'Good day') is a 2012 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Vanzina.

## Cast

* Diego Abatantuono as Romeo Telleschi
* Lino Banfi as Senator Leonardo Lo Bianco
* Teresa Mannino as Rosaria Miccichè
* Maurizio Mattioli as Alberto Dominici
* Vincenzo Salemme as Luigi Pinardi
* Christian De Sica as Prince Ascanio Cavallini Gaetani
* Paolo Conticini as Cecco
* Chiara Francini as Chiara
* Tosca D'Aquino as Marisa
* Gabriele Cirilli as Settimio
* Antonio Stornaiolo as Nicola
* Valentina Persia as Patrizia Gallozzi
* Alessandro Bressanello as Zonin
* Giorgia Trasselli as Luciana, Alberto's wife
* Remo Remotti as Furio Bastianelli
* Fabrizio Frizzi as himself
# Charles White (chef)

Charles Casey White (born June 10, 1976) is an American-trained chef and author.
He was one of the co-authors of Sheryl Crow's cookbook, If it makes you healthy, along with Mary Goodbody and Victoria Pearson.
# Joseph-Gaspard Dubois-Fontanelle

Joseph-Gaspard Dubois-Fontanelle (27 October 1727 – 15 February 1812) was an 18th–19th-century French journalist, man of letters, playwright and translator.

## Biography

Arrived in Paris where he found a patron in the person of his compatriot the abbott of Mably, he collaborated with L'Année littéraire, the Gazette des Deux-Ponts, the Gazette de France and the political department of the Mercure de France. In 1762 and 1763, he gave the Théâtre-Français two comedies with no success. He then published command works: tales, translations, philosophical tracts. The name of Dubois-Fontanelle came out of darkness when another of his plays, Éricie, ou la Vestale, fell under the scissors of censorship. Printed clandestinely, the play was presented in Lyon in 1768, resulting in the conviction of three unhappy peddlers to the galleys.
His last play, Loredan, was censored at the first performance at the Comédie-Française in 1776. He was the editor and, probably, in whole or in part, the author of the story of a shipwreck narrated by captain Pierre Viaud in 1770.
When the French Revolution broke out, Dubois-Fontanelle returned safely to his hometown, where he became professor of belles-lettres at the école centrale in the Isère department from 1796, then professor of history at the Académie de Grenoble from 1804.

## Publications

* 1762: Le Connaisseur, comédie en un acte et en vers
* 1763: Le Bon Mari, comédie en un acte et en verse
* 1765: Pierre le Grand, tragédy
* 1766: Aventures philosophiques
* 1768: Les Effets des passions ou Mémoires de M. de Floricourt (3 volumes)
* 1768: Éricie, ou la Vestale, drama in 3 acts in verse
* 1770: Naufrage et aventures de M. Pierre Viaud, natif de Bordeaux, capitaine de navire, histoire véritable, vérifiée sur l'attestation de M. Sevettenham, commandant du fort St. Marc des Appalaches $_{Textonline}$
* 1775: Anecdotes africaines, depuis l'origine ou la découverte des différents royaumes qui composent l'Afrique jusqu'à nos jours Text online
* 1776: Loredan, drama in four acts, in verse, Paris, Comédie-Française, 19 February
* 1781: Nouveaux mélanges sur différents sujets, contenant des essais dramatiques, philosophiques et littéraires
* 1785: Théâtre et œuvres philosophiques, égayés de contes nouveaux dans plus d'un genre
* 1813: Cours de belles-lettres (4 volumes)

### Translations

* 1767: Ovid: Métamorphoses (2 volumes)
* 1785: Agnes Maria Bennett: Anna, ou l'Héritiere galloise (4 volumes)
* 1788: Elizabeth Helme: Clara et Emmeline
* 1798: Elias Habesci : État actuel de l'Empire ottoman (2 volumes)

## Sources

Pierre Larousse, Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle, vol. VI, 1870, (p. 1315–1316).
# Charltona consociellus

Charltona consociellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. The type location is listed as North America, but this is an error.
# Charlie Babb

Charles David Babb (born February 4, 1950) is a former safety for the Miami Dolphins from 1972 to 1979. He is a graduate of Charleston High School in Charleston, Missouri.
# Bureau de Liaison des Associations Guides du Luxembourg

The Bureau de Liaison des Associations Guides du Luxembourg was the national Guiding federation of Luxembourg. Guiding in Luxembourg started in 1915 and was among the founder members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) in 1928. The federation consisted of two associations and had a membership of 2,093 Guides in 2008. The membership in WAGGGS was transferred to the Lëtzebuerger Guiden a Scouten in 2017, following the closing down of the second component organization Association des Girl Guides Luxembourgeoises in 2014.

## Members of the federation

Members of the federation were
* Association des Girl Guides Luxembourgeoises (AGGL, interreligious, coeducational)
* Lëtzebuerger Guiden a Scouten (LGS, Catholic, coeducational)
Until 1960, only one of them, the AGGL, was a member of the WAGGGS. The AGGL and the Lëtzebuerger Guiden (predecessor of the LGS) formed the joint Bureau des Liaison in 1958, and in 1960 the WAGGGS World Conference transferred the membership to this umbrella federation.
The LGS is also a member of Scouting in Luxembourg (formerly Luxembourg Boy Scouts Association).
# Gypsisol

Gypsisols in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (CaSO$_4$.2H$_2$O). They are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. In the USDA soil taxonomy they are classified as Gypsids (USDA Soil Taxonomy), in the Russian soil classification they are called Desert soils (USSR).
Gypsisols are developed in mostly unconsolidated alluvial, colluvial and aeolian deposits of base-rich weathering material. They are found on level to hilly land in arid regions. The natural vegetation is sparse and dominated by xerophytic shrubs and trees and/or ephemeral grasses
These soils have ABC profiles. Accumulation of calcium sulphate, with or without carbonates, is concentrated in and below the B horizon.
Deep Gypsisols located close to water resources can be planted to a wide range of crops. Yields are severely depressed where a petrogypsic horizon occurs at shallow depth. Nutrient imbalance, stoniness, and uneven subsidence of the land surface upon dissolution of gypsum in percolating (irrigation) water are further limitations. Irrigation canals must be lined to prevent the canal walls from caving in. Large areas of Gypsisols are in use for low volume grazing.
Gypsisols are exclusive to arid regions; their worldwide extent is probably of the order of 100 million hectares. Major occurrences are in and around Mesopotamia in desert areas in the Middle East and adjacent central Asian republics, in the Libyan and Namib deserts, in southeast and central Australia and in the southwestern United States.
# Nelson's pocket mouse

Nelson's pocket mouse (Chaetodipus nelsoni) is a species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is found in Mexico and in New Mexico and Texas in United States. It is named in honor of the American naturalist Edward William Nelson.

## Description

Nelson's pocket mouse is a medium-sized, long-tailed pocket mouse growing to a total length of 180 mm (7.1 in) including a tail of 102 mm (4.0 in). The external cheek pouches are lined with fur, the ears are small and oval in shape and the body is slender. The front feet are small while the hind feet are larger, and the fur on the rump contains numerous dark-tipped, grooved spines. The color of the back and sides is brown, the hairs having a dark gray base, a grayish-fawn centre and black tips. There is a pale area round the eye. The underparts are whitish with a narrow fawn line separating the color zones. The tail has sparse hairs on the front half and a crest of hairs on the back half which has a tufted tip. It closely resembles the lined pocket mouse (Chaetodipus lineatus) but that species lacks the stiff spines on the rump.

## Distribution and habitat

Nelson's pocket mouse is endemic to western Texas, south eastern New Mexico and central and northern Mexico. It is present in the Lower Sonoran life zone at altitudes up to about 2,025 m (6,644 ft), the actual maximum limit being the lower boundary of the pine-oak-juniper woodlands. Its typical habitat is desert with sparse, scrubby vegetation. It is found on rocky slopes where cactus, creosote bush. desert spoon and Agave lechuguilla grow, on sandy flat areas, in rock piles, in old walls, around old buildings and in bare overgrazed pasture. It is the most common pocket mouse in most of its range. There are two subspecies, C. n. canescens from the northern half of the range and C. n. nelsoni from the southern half.

## Behavior

Nelson's pocket mouse is a nocturnal species and does not hibernate in winter. It excavates a shallow burrow with several openings in which it spends the day and rears its young. After nightfall it emerges to forage, tending to move from the base of one plant to another, seldom staying long on open ground and running (rather than hopping) only when startled. It feeds mostly on seeds which it gathers and packs into its cheek pouches. It also consumes other parts of plants and may also eat insects. It breeds in spring and summer when litters of about three young are born after a gestation period of about thirty days.

## Status

The population of Nelson's pocket mouse varies with the seasons. It is quite abundant in late summer but numbers have dwindled by the following spring as only about 14% of individuals live to be one year old. There are several national parks or other protected areas within its distribution range and no particular threats have been identified, so the IUCN has assessed this pocket mouse as being of "least concern".
# Gana Hill

Gana Hill is a hill in the Lowther Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Often considered the hill on which the source of the River Clyde begins, it is normally climbed with the neighbouring hills.
# Lindsay Scott

Lindsay Eugene Scott (born December 6, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Georgia Bulldogs. He was the 13th overall pick in the 1982 NFL draft and played four seasons for the Saints. He was inducted into the Florida–Georgia Hall of Fame in 1997.

## Run, Lindsay

In 1980, during the Florida–Georgia game, deep in their own territory, with a perfect season on the line and only a minute left in the game, Georgia quarterback Buck Belue hit Scott at the Georgia 25-yard-line in stride. Scott darted through Florida's secondary and reached the end zone with only seconds left.
Long-time Georgia radio announcer Larry Munson's play-by-play gave the game and play its name:
   Florida in a stand-up five, they may or may not blitz, they won't... Buck back, third down on the eight. In trouble! Got a block behind him... Gonna throw on the run—complete on the 25. To the 30, Lindsay Scott 35, 40, Lindsay Scott 45, 50, 45, 40—Run, Lindsay!--25, 20, 15, 10, 5, Lindsay Scott! Lindsay Scott! Lindsay Scott!!
The game kept alive Georgia's chance for the national title, which they ended up winning.
In 2010 Robbie Burns published Belue to Scott!: The Greatest Moment in Georgia Football History, which details this play.

## NFL lawsuit

In May 2012, Scott was one of more than 100 former NFL players that sued the league over brain injuries from concussions.
# Centridini

The Centridini are a tribe of large apid bees, many of which possess adaptations for carrying floral oils rather than (or in addition to) pollen or nectar. The floral oils are often gathered from plants of the family Malpighiaceae, though other plants may be visited. The oil-collecting species typically have "combs" composed of closely spaced, flattened, blunt bristles on the margins of the first tarsal segments of the front and middle legs; others may have velvety "pads" to absorb the oils. They also commonly gather plant resins for use in nest cell construction. They have a tiny pterostigma in the forewing, the female scopa is very bushy, and the first flagellomere of the antenna is often longer than the scape.
Centris are commonly encountered bees in American deserts, and are active at very high ambient temperatures when many other species are in hiding. They can often be seen in large numbers on palo verde blossoms. A common example in Arizona is Centris pallida.
# Bötticher

Bötticher, sometimes spelled Boetticher, is a surname of Germanic origin. Notable people with the surname include:

## Persons with the surname Bötticher

List may include persons with the surname von Bötticher.
* Adolf Bötticher (1842–1901), German art historian and conservator
* Hans Bötticher (1883–1934), German author and painter best known by the pseudonym Joachim Ringelnatz
* Johann Friedrich Bötticher, an historic misspelling of Johann Friedrich Böttger (1682–1719), German alchemist credited with the industrial manufacturing process of Meissen porcelain.
* Karl Bötticher (1806–1889), German architect and instructor to Martin Gropius
* Paul Bötticher aka Paul de Lagarde (1827–1891), German scholar noted for his writings on oriental languages, the Bible, and his own antisemitic views

## Persons with the surname Boetticher

List may include persons with the surname von Boetticher.
* Budd Boetticher (1916–2001), American film director most famous for 1950s Hollywood Westerns
* Friedrich Heinrich von Boetticher, German art historian
* Gale Boetticher, fictional American chemist from the AMC television series Breaking Bad
* Hans von Boetticher (1886–1958), German zoologist who worked on ornithology and entomology
* Karl Heinrich von Boetticher (1833–1907), German Secretary of the Interior (1880–1897) and Vice Chancellor of Germany (1881–1897).
* Walter von Boetticher (1853–1945), German historian, genealogist and physician.

## Things

* Sociedad Recreativa Villaverde Boetticher Club de Fútbol, soccer club in Madrid, Spain