OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Contact approach

A contact approach is an approach available to aircraft operating on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan, where the pilot may deviate from the published instrument approach procedure (IAP) and proceed to the destination airport by visual reference to the surface. It is similar to a visual approach, except that the pilot is neither required to have the destination airport nor preceding aircraft in sight at all times during the approach. Also, the visibility requirements are less stringent.

## Overview

In the United States, only pilots may initiate a request for this type of approach; regulations prohibit air traffic control (ATC) from asking pilots to perform them. A contact approach will only be issued if the aircraft operates clear of clouds with at least 1 statute mile (1.6 km) of flight visibility, with a reasonable expectation of continuing to the destination airport under those conditions. Additionally, the reported ground visibility at the destination airport must be at least 1 statute mile (1.6 km).
In executing a contact approach, the pilot is responsible for obstruction clearance, but ATC will still provide separation from other IFR or special VFR traffic. If radar service is being received, it will automatically terminate when the pilot is instructed to change to the airport's advisory frequency. The pilot must advise ATC immediately if unable to continue the contact approach or if they encounter less than 1 statute mile (1.6 km) of flight visibility; ATC will then provide new instructions. Also, ATC may issue alternative instructions if, in their judgment, weather conditions may make completion of the approach impracticable. ATC seldom permits a contact approach in complex, busy airspace like that typically found around major commercial airports.

## Purpose

The contact approach can be a time- and fuel-saving method of working the ATC system to a pilot's advantage. However, executing a contact approach in marginal visibility is similar to scud running–a dangerous practice–and can frighten or disorient inexperienced pilots. In such conditions, experts advise it should only be attempted by pilots intimately familiar with the destination airport, surrounding terrain, and prevailing weather, and whose experience suggests the approach can be completed safely. As a contact approach involves deviation from an IAP, standard missed approach procedures from the IAP do not apply, and ATC may issue a lengthy and unpredictable reroute if the contact approach is broken off. This may negate its potential advantages.
The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), emphasizes that the contact approach is a substitute for an IAP only where one exists. A contact approach may neither be used as an improvised IFR approach to an airport that lacks an IAP entirely nor to approach one airport, break off the approach when visual conditions are encountered, and then fly to another airport.
# Oguri Jukichi

Oguri Jukichi (小栗重吉, Oguri Jūkichi, 1785–1853) was one of the first Japanese citizens known to have reached present day California. He and his fourteen-man crew, bound for Edo, were sailing off the Japanese coast in 1813 when their ship, the Tokujomaru (督乗丸), was disabled in a storm. The ship drifted across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the vicinity of Santa Barbara on the coast of Alta California, then part of New Spain, in late March 1815.
Oguri and two surviving crew members were rescued at sea by the brig Forester, under Captain William J. Pigot. According to the brig's sailing master Alexander Adams, a ship in distress was spotted on 24 March 1815, which proved to be Japanese and had lost both mast and rudder. Captain Pigot sent Adams to Tokujomaru, where he found the three survivors and brought them to Forester. Details about the rescue differ in the accounts written by Adams, Pigot, and others such as the Russian Naval Officer Otto von Kotzebue, in part due to language difficulties. Pigot said that original crew of Tokujomaru was 14 or 17, but Adams and Kotzebue said it was 35. Fourteen corpses were found in the hold by the crew of Forester. The reported time adrift varied between 13 and 18 months. The exact location of the rescue varied between reports as well, but it seems to have been up to 300 miles (480 km) west-southwest of Point Conception.
Forester, although flying a British flag, was an American vessel, owned by John Jacob Astor, intended to support Astor's Pacific Fur Company (PFC) venture based at Fort Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River. But due to the War of 1812 the PFC had been forced to sell all its assets in 1813, including Fort Astoria, to the Montreal–based North West Company. Its original purpose lost, Captain Pigot used Forester for the maritime fur trade, in partial cooperation with the Russian American Company, which was hunting sea otters off the coast of California. Thus the rescued Japanese sailors were first taken to Bodega Bay near Fort Ross, then to Sitka, the capital of Russian America. The Forester left Sitka in June or July 1815, intending to sail to Japan to return the Japanese sailors, but having difficulty in the Kuril Islands turned back to Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka, arriving on 12 September 1815. From there Forester returned to California. A Russian ship took the Japanese survivors back to Japan.
# Jawnuta

Jawnuta may refer to:
* Jawnuta, an opera by Stanisław_Moniuszko
* Jaunutis (c. 1300-1366), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1341-1345
# John Lee Coulter

John Lee Coulter (April 16, 1881 – April 16, 1959) was an American academic. He assumed several roles within the federal government, and served as president of the North Dakota Agriculture College from 1921 to 1929.
Coulter was born in East Grand Forks, Minnesota, on April 16, 1881, and attended the University of North Dakota before earning his doctorate from the University of Wisconsin in 1908. He began teaching at the University of Minnesota later that year. Coulter started working for the federal government in 1910, leading the U. S. Census of Agriculture. He helped establish the system of banks and credit unions for rural use under the provisions of the Federal Farm Loan Act. Coulter was designated an inaugural fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1914, and returned to academia in 1915, as dean of the agricultural college at West Virginia University, and led the school's experimental station. When the United States joined World War I, Coulter was named a member of the War Industries Board. He was later appointed president of the North Dakota Agriculture College, serving from October 1921 to July 1929, when Herbert Hoover named Coulter the chief economist of the United States Tariff Commission. Coulter became the expert assistant to George Peek in July 1934.
He and Phoebe Frost married in Washington, D.C., in 1911. The couple had three sons. He died in Washington, D.C., on April 16, 1959, aged 78.
# Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam (younger)

Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam (25 August 1635 – 24 May 1714) was a Dutch States Army officer from the prominent Van Wassenaer family who served in the Franco-Dutch War, Nine Years' War and War of the Spanish Succession. His extensive career made him eligible for the supreme command of the Dutch States Army in 1703, but his military career came to an abrupt end after he fled his army during the Battle of Ekeren and the position was given to Hendrik van Nassau-Ouwerkerk instead.
He was born in Heusden, the son of the famous Dutch Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam. On 19 May 1676 at Delden he married Adriana Sophia van Raesfelt. Their son was composer and diplomat Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer.
Unlike his father, he chose career in the army, rather than the navy. In 1702 he led the siege of Venlo, not completely to the satisfaction of Marlborough, his superior.
In 1703 his army of 10 000 men was surrounded by 40 000 French at Ekeren. Considering all hope for a breakthrough lost, Obdam abandoned his army and escaped with 30 men, disguising themselves as Frenchmen. When he arrived in the Netherlands, he wrote a letter admitting the total destruction of his army. But the army, now under General Slangenburg, had forced an escape route late in the evening and saved itself. The struggle was known as the Battle of Ekeren.
Obdam's behavior wasn't forgiven, and his military career was finished. He was appointed Governor of 's-Hertogenbosch and became Ambassador to the Elector Palatine between 1708 and 1712. He died in The Hague in 1714.
# Jon Petrie

Jonathan Michael Petrie (born 19 October 1976) is a Scottish rugby union executive and former player. During his active career he played at flanker for Glasgow Warriors and Scotland.
Petrie had two seasons in Scotland's under-21 team, making his debut against the Irish in 1997 while he was playing in France with Colomiers. Petrie's Scotland A debut was in the 99–0 win over the Netherlands at Murrayfield in December 1999. He won his first cap in the second test on the tour of New Zealand in 2000, his first try for Scotland came in 31–8 November 2000 win against Samoa. He was given the captaincy by then Scotland coach Frank Hadden in 2005 leading Scotland to their first ever victory against the Barbarians.
Petrie was Club Captain of Glasgow Warriors from 2004 to 2006.
Jon Petrie was denied his first Test series as captain by injury ahead of the matches against Argentina, Samoa and New Zealand in November 2005.
His later career was blighted by injury and he was eventually replaced as captain by Jason White.
Jon Petrie announced his retirement as a player from Rugby Union in March 2007.
On 16 July 2015 it was announced that he would take over as managing director of Edinburgh Rugby.
Since January 2019 he is Chief Executive of Ulster Rugby.
# Norman Morris (English cricketer)

Norman Morris (1849 – 20 January 1874) was an English amateur cricketer who played between 1870 and 1873.
Morris was born at Peckham in Surrey, the son of Norman Morris. He was educated at Tonbridge School in Kent between 1863 and 1868 and then at Jesus College, Cambridge. He played cricket in the school XI for three years and captained the Tonbridge side in his final year at school.
Morris made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in July 1870 at Gravesend in a match against Yorkshire. He played in 10 matches for the county until the end of 1872 before playing five times for Surrey during 1873. Morris also made appearances for MCC and the Gentlemen of the South in 1873 and played club cricket for MCC and the Gentlemen of Kent.
Morris worked in the London Stock Exchange. He died near Lingfield in Surrey in January 1874 aged 25.
# Mount Washington State Park

Mount Washington State Park is a 60.3-acre (24.4 ha) parcel perched on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. Summer seasonal amenities include a cafeteria, restrooms, gift shops, the Mount Washington Observatory and its museum. The historic Tip Top House is located adjacent to the summit building and is open (small fee) to visitors from early May to early October. The park is accessible by the Mount Washington Auto Road, the Mount Washington Cog Railway, the Appalachian Trail, or numerous other hiking trails from surrounding trailheads including Pinkham Notch, Crawford Notch and the Cog Railway base station.
The land forming the park was originally given to Dartmouth College in 1951 by the estate of the owner of the Cog Railway. Dartmouth sold 59 acres (240,000 m$^2$) to the State of New Hampshire in 1964 for use as a park and then sold the final 8 acres (32,000 m$^2$) in 2008 for $2.1M, after a long-term broadcasting lease had expired. A small segment of the summit is still owned by the Cog Railway and used as the upper terminus of the railway.

## History

In 1642, Darby Field was the first to climb to the summit of Mount Washington. He supposedly had guidance by local Native Americans.
Construction of the auto road started in 1854. After funds ran out in 1856, the current Mount Washington Summit Road Company completed building it in 1859. It was at that time that summit buildings were erected. The Cog Railway completed construction in 1869. In 1908 a major fire destroyed all of the buildings but one — the Tip Top House.
# The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand

The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand or Open Polytechnic (Māori: Kuratini Tuwhera) is a government-owned tertiary education institution operating as the specialist national provider of open and distance learning (ODL). On 1 April 2020, The Open Polytechnic became a subsidiary of Te Pūkenga (the New Zealand Institute of Skills and Technology) alongside the 15 other institutes of technology and polytechnics (ITPs).

## History

The Polytechnic began life as the Technical Correspondence School in 1946, providing resettlement training for returned servicemen and women following World War II. In 1963 it became the Technical Correspondence Institute offering mainly theory training in trades subjects.
The institution underwent a major transformation in 1990 when it was renamed The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand, going on to become a multi-faceted provider of ODL courses and services.
Located in Lower Hutt near New Zealand's capital city Wellington, The Open Polytechnic provides tertiary education at a national level for 30,000 students each year.

### The Student Advisory Group

The Open Polytechnic student advisory group offers insights from learners regarding products and services. It serves as a consultation panel during the development of new initiatives that impact students.
Membership in the advisory group can include up to 12 learners. These individuals engage via online platform with occasional in-person meetings with relevant senior managers from Open Polytechnic and the Open Polytechnic Council.
Members serve an initial two-year term and may be reappointed for up to three terms. Selection criteria include:
* Demonstrated interest in distance education
* Current enrolment with a minimum of 24 weeks of study completed at the time of appointment
* Qualities and skills showcased in the nomination form that indicate their potential contributions to the Open Polytechnic Student Advisory Group.
# List of galleries, libraries, museums and archives in Goa

This is a list of galleries, libraries, archives and museums in the State of Goa, India.

## Galleries

* Archaeological Museum and Portrait Gallery, Old Goa
* Institute Menezes Braganza/Instituto Vasco da Gama, Panjim
* Kala Academy, Panjim
* Sunaparanta, Goa Centre for the Arts

## Libraries

* Bookworm Children's Library, Taleigao
* Dr Francisco Luis Gomes District Library, Navelim
* Goa State Central Library
* Goa University Library, Taleigao
* Goa Chambers of Commerce and Industry Library, Near Azad Maidan, Panjim
* Goa Engineering College Library, Farmagudi, Ponda
* Goa Legislative Assembly Library, Alto-Porvorim
* Gomantak Marathi Academy, Porvorim
* Institute Menezes Braganza Library, Panjim
* Kala Academy Library, Panjim

## Archives

* Xavier Centre of Historical Research, Alto Porvorim
* Archdiocese of Goa, Altinho, Panjim/Panaji

## Museums

* Archaeological Museum and Portrait Gallery, Old Goa
* Ashvek Vintage World, Nuvem
* Big Foot Museum, Loutolim
* Goa Chitra Museum, Benaulim
* Goa Science Centre, Panaji
* Goa State Museum, Panaji
* Museum of Christian Art, Old Goa
* Museum of Goa, Pilerne
* Naval Aviation Museum (India), Vasco da Gama
# NASP

NASP may refer to:

## In science and academia

* Nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein, a gene in the human genome
* National Association of School Psychologists

## In military

* National Aerospace Plane, another name for the Rockwell X-30 experimental aircraft
* Naval Air Station Pensacola, a United States Navy base in Florida
# Medieval popular Bible

The medieval popular Bible is a term used especially in literary studies, but also in art history and other disciplines, to encompass the wide variety of presentations of biblical material in medieval culture not directly recorded in the exegetical tradition.
The "exegetical tradition" means the vast corpus of Latin writings, often biblical commentaries, sermons or preaching handbooks, diatribes against doctrinal deviancy and philosophical explorations, in which scholars of the medieval Church present the Bible according to medieval orthodoxy. Its intended readership is, in the first instance, other theologians.
In contrast to this, the "medieval popular Bible" is aimed at the ordinary population of medieval Europe, and to some extent is also created by them. It ranges from very pious vernacular writings such as the Biblical Epic to scurrilous fabliaux in which biblical figures make an appearance. It includes most religious drama, much stained glass and some wild and fanciful retellings of Bible stories.
The forbidden fruit is a standard example. The Bible itself does not say what kind of fruit it was, but in the popular retelling, as opposed to the theological schools, it became an apple. Since the apple served well to communicate spiritual ideas, the exegetical tradition did not resist it. In the medieval understanding of biblical truth, there was no need for a modern style of debate on the accuracy of the motif.
Serious work on this area of medieval culture probably began with Beryl Smalley in the 1940s. The term medieval popular Bible became established in scholarship relatively recently as a result of the writings of Brian O. Murdoch, though the phrase had been used before him, usually in a less clearly defined way.
# Ole Herman Fisknes

Ole Herman Fisknes (born 23 May 1938) is a Norwegian jurist and civil servant.
He took the cand.jur. degree in 1964, and was employed at the University of Oslo until 1965. He mainly worked in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1965 to 1977, with certain leaves to work as consultant for the Parliamentary Ombudsman and as deputy judge. He has also been a part-time teacher at the University of Oslo and the MF Norwegian School of Theology.
He was appointed as an assistant secretary in the Ministry of Church Affairs and Education in 1977. From 1984 to 2008 he served as deputy under-secretary of state. As the bureaucrat with the largest amount of control over the State Church of Norway, he has been called a Norwegian "arch-bishop" and the true leader of the Church. In 2009 he was elected to the main committee of Kirkelig fellesråd i Oslo.
# Noord Deurningen

Noord Deurningen is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is a part of the municipality of Dinkelland, and lies about 11 km northeast of Oldenzaal.

## Overview

It was first mentioned between 1337 and 1339 as 'Nortdorningen', and means 'the northern Deurningen', Deurningen and Noord Deurningen are separate places in Twente, some twenty kilometers apart on the map.
In the 17th century the havezate Noorddeurningen was built near the village. In 1875, Franciscan nuns from Thuine in Germany established an orphanage in the estate, and renamed the estate St.-Nicolaasgesticht. In 1840, Noord Deuningen was home to 722 people.

## Gallery

* Farm in Noord Deurningen
* Monastery and church
* Art on the border with Germany
* Dutch army moves into Germany (for a joint exercise) (1954)
# Ocean-V RNA motif

The Ocean-V RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure discovered using bioinformatics. Only a few Ocean-V RNA sequences have been detected, all in sequences derived from DNA that was extracted from uncultivated bacteria found in ocean water. As of 2010, no Ocean-V RNA has been detected in any known, cultivated organism.
# Peasholm

Peasholm may refer to:
* Peasholm Park, in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England
* Peasholm railway station, southern terminus station of the North Bay Railway in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England
# Rockrunner

The rockrunner (Achaetops pycnopygius), also known as the Damara rock-jumper, is a species of African warbler, formerly placed in the family Sylviidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Achaetops. It is found in Angola and Namibia.
# Ohrid Literary School

The Ohrid Literary School or Ohrid-Devol Literary school was one of the two major cultural centres of the First Bulgarian Empire, along with the Preslav Literary School (Pliska Literary School). The school was established in Ohrid (in what is now North Macedonia). Another center was Devol (modern-day Albania) as well as Drembica, Glavinica and Velika with unknown location. All the school centers were located in a then Bulgarian province known as Kutmichevitsa. It was founded in 886 by Saint Clement of Ohrid on the order of Boris I of Bulgaria simultaneously or shortly after the establishment of the Preslav Literary School. After Clement was ordained bishop of Drembica, Velika (bishopric) in 893, the position of head of the school was assumed by Naum of Preslav. The Ohrid Literary School used the Glagolitic alphabet from its establishment until the 12th century and Cyrillic from the end of the 9th century onward. Between 990 and 1015, Ohrid was the capital of the Bulgarian Empire and simultaneously also the seat of the Bulgarian Patriarchate.
# Mecyclothorax marau

Mecyclothorax marau is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Perrault in 1978.
# Klaus Mitffoch (album)

Klaus Mitffoch is a 1984 album by the Polish rock band Klaus Mitffoch. The album contains principally elements of British new wave as well as Gang of Four-inspired post punk. It received several awards and it is considered to be one of the most important albums in the history of Polish rock.

## Track listing

* "Śpij aniele mój" (Sleep, my angel) – 0:30
* "O głowie" (About head) – 2:23
* "Wiązanka pieśni bojowych" (A mix of battle songs) – 1:29
* "Nie jestem z nikim" (I'm not with nobody) – 2:16
* "Klus Mitroh" – 3:39
* "Wiązanka cz. IV" (A mix, part 4) – 1:24
* "Jestem tu, jestem tam" (I'm here, I'm there) – 2:18
* "Muł pancerny" (Panzer mule) – 3:19
* "Powinność kurdupelka" (Manlet's duty) – 2:05
* "Strzelby" (Shotguns) – 0:36
* "Nad ranem śmierć się śmieje" (Death laughs in the morning) – 2:10
* "Tutaj wesoło" (Funny here) – 3:19
* "Ewolucja, rewolucja i ja" (Evolution, revolution and me) – 2:13
* "Dla twojej głowy komfort" (Comfort for your head) – 3:48
* "Siedzi" (Sitting) – 2:14
* "Strzeż się tych miejsc" (Beware of these places) – 5:18

### CD bonus tracks

* "Ogniowe strzelby" (Fiery shotguns) – 2:50
* "Śmielej" (Bravely) – 3:31
* "Jezu, jak się cieszę" (Jesus, I'm so glad) – 2:09

## Personnel
### Klaus Mittfoch

* Lech Janerka – Vocal, Bass, Lyrics
* Wiesław Mrozik – Guitar
* Krzysztof Pociecha – Guitar
* Marek Puchała – Drum kit

### Guest Musicians

* Wojciech Konikiewicz – keyboards

### Technical

* Włodzimierz Kowalczyk – engineering
* Tadeusz Czechak – assistant engineer
* Artur Gołacki – cover
* Bożena Janerka - lyrics
# Kapfenstein

Kapfenstein is a municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria.