OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calderbank v Calderbank

Calderbank v Calderbank [1976] Fam 93, [1975] 3 All ER 333 (EWCA); was an English Court of Appeal decision establishing the concept of a "Calderbank Offer". A "Calderbank Offer" can often be identified by the disclaimer "without prejudice, save as to costs".

## Facts

After a marriage of 17 years, Mr and Mrs Calderbank separated and filed for divorce, which was duly granted.
However substantial difficulties arose regarding the division of the matrimonial assets of £78,000, resulting from the £80,000 Mrs Calderbank had previously inherited during the relationship from the estates from the death of both her parents. Complicating matters further, the matrimonial home was registered under only Mr Calderbank's name (for fiscal reasons), and he continued to live in this property after the divorce.
The matter was referred to the Family Court, and the judge awarded Mr Calderbank the modest amount of £10,000 (out of the total assets of £78,000), as well as court costs.
However prior to the matter going to trial, Mrs Calderbank had made the following offer via no less than the form of an affidavit, "I am willing, and have always been willing, to make over to the [husband] the house at Alderley Edge", which Mr Calderbank declined.
While this house was not the matrimonial home (it was rented by Mr Calderbank's father, and Mr Calderbank's mother lived there), the trial judge was of the opinion that this house was worth about £12,000, which was £2,000 more than Mr Calderbank later obtained at trial.
Mrs Calderbank, not happy with the outcome, appealed on two grounds, that the courts had no legal jurisdiction to make such a property division and, of most legal significance, that as Mr Calderbank had obviously declined a reasonable pre trial settlement offer, he should not be entitled to legal costs for unnecessarily prolonging the legal proceedings.

## Judgment

The Court decided that if a winning party in litigation refuses an earlier settlement offer made by the losing party, the losing party may produce the settlement offer as evidence towards the appropriate level of costs payable. In practice, if the winning party's award of damages is less than the earlier settlement offer, the losing party may have to pay less costs to the winning party than normal.
On the facts, the Court upheld the lower court's quantum of the £10,000. However, the Court reversed the burden of paying legal costs from Mrs Calderbank onto Mr Calderbank (although Mrs Calderbank remained liable for costs up to "14 days after 14 August", the affidavit having been sworn on 10 August). The Court held that the legal proceedings had been unnecessarily prolonged by Mr Calderbank's earlier refusal to accept Mrs Calderbank's settlement offer of around £12,000.
# Julius Dixson

Julius Edward Dixson (who also used the spelling Dixon) (May 20, 1913 – January 30, 2004) was an American songwriter and record company executive.

## Life and work

Born in Barnwell, South Carolina, he served in the Army during World War II in England and France. After the war Dixson re-enlisted, was assigned to Special Services, and hosted a live weekly radio broadcast for the forces in Germany and the Middle East, Variety Jive, featuring new songwriters and musicians. According to fellow songwriter Beverly Ross, he fathered several children while in Europe.
In 1949 he returned to the United States and moved to New York City to work as a professional songwriter. He had greatest success co-writing with Beverly Ross, a rare musical pairing of an African-American male and a white female in the 1950s. Their first major hit was "Dim, Dim The Lights", which Bill Haley recorded in 1954 as the follow-up to "Shake, Rattle and Roll". The song reached number 10 on the Variety chart and number 11 on the Billboard pop chart. "Dim, Dim The Lights" is of historic importance, as it was not only Haley's first crossover hit with the black R&B audience, reaching number 10 on the US Billboard R&B chart, but the first R&B or rock and roll song recorded by any white artist to cross over to the R&B chart. "Dim, Dim The Lights" was hailed by Alan Freed as "the grand daddy song of rock n’ roll".
Also with Ross, Dixson co-wrote "Lollipop" for the duo Ronald and Ruby, who were in reality the black teenager Ronald Gumps (or Gumm) and Ross herself. The recording was originally for the purpose of a demo to shop the song, but RCA got ahold of it and Dixson, who owned the master and had produced the demo, agreed to let RCA release it. Their version rose up the chart reaching number 20, but when it was learned that Ronald and Ruby were an inter-racial duo, television appearances that had been previously booked got cancelled and interest in the song waned. Thanks to the cover version by The Chordettes, Lollipop reached number 2 and number 3 on the pop and R&B chart, respectively. In the UK the song was successfully covered by The Mudlarks, and it became a worldwide hit reaching number 1 in many countries.
Dixson also co-wrote Annie Laurie's hit "It Hurts to Be in Love" with Rudy Toombs, "Begging, Begging" with Rudy Toombs for James Brown, "Love, Life and Money" with Henry Glover for Little Willie John, and Kitty Wells' "Three Ways (To Love You)" with Lee Morris.
He also established the independent record label, Alton Records. In late 1959, the label's instrumental single release "The Clouds" by The Spacemen, also written and produced by Dixson, reached number 1 on the R&B chart. Another first for Dixson, "The Clouds" was the first number one on any chart released by an African-American owned independent record label, predating Motown's first number 1 by a year.
Dixson died in a hospital in Manhattan in 2004, at the age of 90. His family has claimed negligence by the hospital in his death and has filed a wrongful death lawsuit.
# Ngola (title)

Ngola was the title for rulers of the Ndongo kingdom which existed from the sixteenth to the seventeenth century in what is now north-west Angola. The full title was "Ngola a Kiluanje", which is often shortened to simply "Ngola", hence the name of the modern country.
# Ngoko District

Ngoko is a district in the Cuvette Department of Republic of the Congo.
# Jules-Sébastien Monjauze

Jules-Sébastien Monjauze (also Montjauze; 25 October 1824 or 1825 – 8 September 1877) was a French operatic tenor. He created the role of Aeneas in Berlioz's Les Troyens.

## Life

Monjauze was born in Paris, although several contemporary publications claim he was born in Corréze. Little is known about his life before 1848, when he journeyed to Russia to escape the February Revolution. Monjauze settled in St. Petersberg, where he met and married the widow Antoinette Lejars (née Cuzent). Antoinette came from a family of equestrian circus performers, and the cast-iron statues ornamenting the entrances to the Cirque d'Hiver and Cirque d'Été may have been crafted in her likeness.
In 1852, Monjauze was accepted to the Conservatoire de Paris, where he studied voice with Antoine Ponchard. Despite this training, Monjauze was initially hired as an actor at the Théâtre-Français, where he was the protégé of Adolphe-Simonis Empis, the company's administrateur général. Monjauze performed with the company until 1858, when he transitioned to the Théâtre Lyrique, one of four opera companies in Paris. There, he was cast as the principal tenor in many French language premieres, including Wagner's Rienzi and Verdi's Violetta, Macbeth, and Rigoletto. In addition to Aeneas in Les Troyens, Monjauze created the roles of Maurice in Halévy's Jaguarita l'Indienne, Sélim in Reyer's La statue, and Prince Gaston de Listenay in Clapisson's La Fanchonnette, among others.
In 1865, Monjauze received a cross of the Order of Isabella after publishing a collection of original compositions that paid homage to the Queen.
Monjauze may have died by suicide or from an erysipelas infection.
# Christoph Bach

Christoph Bach may refer to:
* Christoph Bach (musician) (1613–1661), German musician, grandfather of Johann Sebastian Bach
* Christoph Bach (actor) (born 1975), German actor
# Christian Fredrik Michelet (businessman)

Christian Fredrik Michelet (1 August 1891 – 1962) was a Norwegian military officer and businessperson.
He was born in Kristiania. He finished his secondary education in 1909 and graduated from the Norwegian Military College in 1915. He became a Premier Lieutenant in 1912, a Captain in 1918, and a Major in 1934. He also had engineer education from the French École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de Construction mecanique from 1917 to 1919. After graduating there, he worked for Hærens Flyvemaskinfabrik for one year and Elektrisk Bureau for three years.
He was hired as a secretary in Norsk Celluloseforening and Den norske Træmasseforening in 1926. He served as managing director of the former organization (later renamed Cellulosefabrikkenes Felleskontor) from 1939 to 1961. He was a supervisory council member of Forsikringsaktieselskabet Norden and Saugbrugsforeningen and a deputy board member of Tofte Cellulosefabrik. He was named in official Norwegian trade and negotiation delegations.
He was decorated as a Chevalier of the Legion d'honneur. He died in 1962.
# Julio Gaona

Julio César Gaona (born 10 June 1973) is an Argentine former association football goalkeeper who last played for Sol de América of the Torneo Argentino A in Argentina.
# Julio García

Julio García or Julio Garcia may refer to:

## Sports

* Julio César García (born 1987), Mexican boxer
* Julio García (Peruvian footballer) (born 1981), Peruvian football player
* Julio Garcia (Mexican footballer) (born 1989), Mexican football player with the San Antonio Scorpions
* Julio García Fernández (born 1965), Spanish football player
* Julio García Fernández de los Ríos (1894–1969), Spanish equestrian and Olympic medalist
* Julio García, Chilean soccer team manager for Club Provincial Curicó Unido in the 1990s

## Other

* Julio Acosta García (1872–1954), a president of Costa Rica
* Don Julio García Agapito (c. 1964–2008), Peruvian environmentalist
* Julio García, a Governor of Colima in the 1860s
* Julio García Espinosa (1926–2016), Cuban film director
# Halushchyntsi

Halushchyntsi is a selo in Ternopil Raion of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Pidvolochysk settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

## History

Created in 1745, Hałuszczyńce was a small rural village in Galicia of about one hundred houses at the end of the XVIIIe century, two hundred in the middle of the XIXe century and three hundred before world war one. After the "November Uprising" (1830-1831) in Poland, also known as the "Polish–Russian War" 1830–31 or the "Cadet Revolution", a group of Polish emigrants living in France sought to liberate Galicia from Austrian authority. In 1846 the peasants turned against the nobles and killed most of them. During World War I, the Russians expropriated land from the farmers, causing the first wave of emigration to various other countries, including France, Brazil, the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. During World War II the Soviets and Nazis divided Galicia between themselves, killing thousands of Polish officers. Their families were deported to various gulags in Siberia. Once finally liberated, the survivors, after some time in Palestina, Iran, Africa or Mexico, emigrated again in order to reunite with families in the United States and Canada. A relative few also resettled in Australia and New Zealand. Until 18 July 2020, Halushchyntsi belonged to Pidvolochysk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Pidvolochysk Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.

## Diaspora

Among the larger, prominent families living in Haluszczynce and emigrating were the Kordas, Pytel, Iskierski, Chruszcz, Dyba, Patron families
genealogy research

## Notable people

* Casimier Antoine Raphael Dzierzanowski (1872-1940) Polish general arrested during the Katin massacre and killed by the NKVD
* Tzsi Herman (Mendel) Jawetz (1878-1942) Zionist activist who died in the Przemyśl ghetto
* Bronisław Mirecki (1903-1986), Catholic priest who died in Haluszczynce

## Churches

* Saint John the Baptist (Roman Catholic)
* Saint Nicholas (Greek Catholic)
* Saint John the Baptist church (Roman Catholic)
* Saint Nicholas (Greek Catholic Church)
# Hampton Wind Park

The Hampton Wind Park is a wind power station near Hampton, south-east of Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. Initiated, developed and operated privately by a landholder, the farm has two wind turbines, with a total nameplate capacity of 1.32 MW of renewable electricity which is supplied to the main electricity grid.

## Technical information

Wind Corporation Australia, an energy development company, was established in 2000 by founding investor CVC REEF Limited to develop and commission the Hampton Wind Park. Project cost was A$2.4 million, funded by an investment by CVC-REEF and the NSW Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA).
Opened in September 2001, the wind farm reduces greenhouse gases by 3,000 tonnes each year over the 20 year life of the project, compared to the equivalent electricity generation from coal. The wind turbines are Vestas V47-660 kW models, with 50 metres (160 ft) hub height and 47 metres (154 ft) rotor diameter.
The wind farm's output feeds the grid, and creates renewable energy credits which Integral Energy sells to its Green Power subscribers.

## Gallery

* Hampton Wind Park audio/video
# Oopali

Oopali or Upali was a 9th-century Burmese monk who is credited with founding pongyi thaing and establishing a Buddhist order. His order still exists today in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Laos but his fighting art disappeared. During the 19th century, the elder abbots Mogak Sayadaw, Mandalay Sayadaw, Mingun Sayadaw, Shwelbo Sayadaw and Anapura Sayadaw were the only monks who continued to teach the system in northern Burma.
* This Burmese biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to the martial arts is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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* e
# Bellanca Skyrocket II

The Bellanca 19-25 Skyrocket II was a prototype light airplane built in the United States in the 1970s. Despite its advanced design and exceptionally good performance, it never achieved certification or entered production.

## Development

The aircraft was the result of Giuseppe Bellanca's son, August Thomas Bellanca. Bellanca formed the Bellanca Aircraft Engineering Inc. company in Scott Depot, West Virginia to develop a new design conceived in 1957. The Skyrocket II was a six-seat, low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional layout with retractable tricycle landing gear. It was made of composite materials, an advanced feature for its time, and test flying proved it to be fast. In 1975, within months of its first flight, the prototype claimed five world airspeed records for piston aircraft in its class. Three still stand in 2022:
Class C-1c (takeoff weight 1000 to 1750 kg): average 296 miles/hour on a 500-km circuit
Class C-1d (weight 1750 to 3000 kg): average 326 mph on a 500-km circuit and 314 mph on a 1000-km circuit
The aircraft attracted the attention of NASA, which conducted an aerodynamic analysis of the design, investigating natural laminar flow as a factor of its high performance.
Plans to produce the aircraft commercially were scrapped due to the downturn in the civil aviation market in the United States in the early 1980s. In the mid-1990s, the design was developed into a kit and sold as the Skyrocket III to help fund a new certification programme. The Skyrocket III features greater speed, payload and range and was re-engineered for modular construction. By 1998 eleven kits had been delivered, but it is uncertain if any were completed and flown.

## Surviving aircraft

The prototype Skyrocket II was displayed at the Delaware Aviation Museum in Georgetown, Delaware, but later moved to the Bellanca Airfield Museum in New Castle, Delaware.

## Specifications (Skyrocket II)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77.
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: five passengers
* Length: 27 ft 5.6 in (8.372 m) Tip of spinner to tail
* Wingspan: 34 ft 10.7 in (10.635 m)
* Height: 9 ft 3 in (2.82 m)
* Wing area: 182.6 sq ft (16.96 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 6.667
* Airfoil: NACA 63$_2$215
* Empty weight: 2,300 lb (1,043 kg)
* Max takeoff weight: 4,100 lb (1,860 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Continental GTSIO-520-F air-cooled flat-six, 435 hp (324 kW)
* Propellers: 3-bladed
Performance
* Maximum speed: 331 mph (533 km/h, 288 kn) at 29,000 ft (8,800 m)
* Cruise speed: 255 mph (410 km/h, 222 kn) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m), 65% power
* Stall speed: 65 mph (105 km/h, 56 kn) flaps down
* Range: 1,465 mi (2,358 km, 1,273 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,900 ft/min (9.7 m/s)
* Wing loading: 24.45 lb/sq ft (119.4 kg/m$^2$)
* Power/mass: 0.106
# Camp Fitzgerald

Before Camp Latham or Camp Drum existed in the District of Southern California during the American Civil War there was Camp Fitzgerald, located somewhere near downtown Los Angeles. Camp Fitzgerald was organized sometime after May 3 and before October 1861 by James H. Carleton out of Fort Tejon. Camp Fitzgerald was named for Edward H. Fitzgerald, a U.S. Army Major who had himself established Fort Jones but had died of consumption in January 1860. The New York Times mentioned the establishment of the camp, which then had four companies of men, on July 31, 1861: "...four companies of United States regulars were recalled from neighboring stations, and now occupy tents fronting the city named."
However Camp Fitzgerald was in a disadvantageous location for a "permanent camp and supply base," not least because of the distance from the port at San Pedro. Camp Fitzgerald was apparently relocated three times in hopes of finding better water and pasture for the horses but an ideal site was never found and Camp Fitzgerald, like Camp Latham, was eventually closed in favor of the Drum Barracks site which ultimately became the headquarters of the Army of the Pacific in southern California. Camp Fitzgerald likely lasted for less than a year, if that, but the exact date of closure is unclear.
# Cuxhaven BasCats

Cuxhaven BasCats was a professional basketball club based in Cuxhaven, Germany. The BasCats play in the ProA, the second tier professional league in Germany.
In 2015, the club was declared bankrupt and its license was handed over to Rot-Weiss, another team based in Cuxhaven.

## Season by season

| Season | Tier | League | Pos. | Postseason |
| 2007–08 | 2 | ProA | 2 | – |
| 2008–09 | 2 | ProA | 12 | – |
| 2009–10 | 2 | ProA | 2 | – |
| 2010–11 | 2 | ProA | 11 | – |
| 2011–12 | 2 | ProA | 13 | – |
| 2012–13 | 2 | ProA | 5 | Quarterfinalist |

## Players
### Individual awards

ProA Player of the Year
* Roderick Trice – 2008

### Notable players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
* Criteria
* To appear in this section a player must have either:
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club
* Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time
* Played at least one official NBA match at any time.
* Danny Gibson
* Monta McGhee
* Quinnel Brown
* Roderick Trice
# Paramore (disambiguation)

Paramore is an American rock band.
Paramore may also refer to:

## People

* Jim Paramore (born 1939, as James Paramore) U.S. American football player, coach, official
* Junior Paramore (born 1968, as Peter Paramore) Samoan rugby union player

## Other

* Paramore (album), a 2013 album by the eponymous band
# Noguerana

Noguerana is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Noguerana aliciae Chemsak & Linsley, 1988
* Noguerana rodriguezae Noguera, 2005
# Jamesomyia

Jamesomyia is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Jamesomyia geminata (Loew, 1862)
# John Forrest Finds Himself

John Forrest Finds Himself is a 1920 British silent romance film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Edwards, Chrissie White and Gerald Ames.

## Cast

* Henry Edwards - John Forrest
* Chrissie White - Joan Grey
* Gerald Ames - Ezra Blott
* Hugh Clifton - O'Reilly
* Gwynne Herbert - Mrs. Forrest
* Henry Vibart - Mr. Forrest
* Mary Brough - Biddy
* Eileen Dennes - The Pet
* John MacAndrews - Carter Joe
* Victor Prout - Stephen Grey
* John Deverell - Hon, Vere Blair
* Marion Dyer - Sylvia Grey
# Brandon Viaduct

Brandon Viaduct (also known as Wolston Viaduct or the Avon Viaduct) is a railway viaduct crossing the River Avon between the villages of Brandon and Wolston in Warwickshire. It carries the Birmingham Loop line and is roughly halfway between Rugby and Coventry. The bridge was built in around 1835 for the London and Birmingham Railway and is now a grade II listed building.

## Description

The viaduct is comparatively low but lengthy. It separates the adjacent villages of Brandon and Wolston, which are on either side of the railway. It crosses the River Avon and its flood plain, also spanning the road between the two villages. It consists of fifteen arches—nine semi-elliptical arches spanning 24 feet (7.3 metres) and three 10-foot (3-metre) span ancillary arches on each side. Two of the ancillary arches on the western side have been bricked up and are partially covered by an embankment. The bridge was built from brick but faced with sandstone. The arches have stepped voussoirs and an ogee-moulded (serpentine) cornice with a brick soffit projecting from below the parapet. The piers between each arch taper as they rise. The piers between the ancillary arches and the large ones are wider and terminate in octagonal caps.

## History

The bridge was built for the London and Birmingham Railway (LBR's), whose chief engineer was Robert Stephenson. Construction began in 1835 and the bridge was complete in 1837 for the opening of the railway in 1838. It is still in use, now owned by Network Rail as part of the Birmingham Loop. The bridge is one of the scenes depicted in John Cooke Bourne's Series of Lithographic Drawings on the London and Birmingham Railway, published in 1838. It was designated a grade II listed building on 25 August 1987 for its historical or architectural interest. A short distance to the west of the viaduct was the former Brandon and Wolston railway station, which was opened in 1838, and closed in 1960.
The bridge is of a similar design to Wolverton Viaduct, also built by the London and Birmingham, closer to London. Much of the LBR's route has been significantly altered in modernisation schemes but the three major viaducts between Rugby and Coventry—Brandon Viaduct, the Sowe Viaduct, and the Sherbourne Viaduct (also depicted by Bourne)—remain largely as-built.
* Period drawing of the viaduct from 1839
* The viaduct crossing the road
* The viaduct crossing the Avon.