OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nigropallidal encephalomalacia

Nigropallidal encephalomalacia or Chewing disease is a neurological condition that affects horses that have eaten certain toxic plants. Affected animals are unable to prehend food because of lip and tongue paralysis, and may appear to keep their jaws open with the tongue protruded because of reduced jaw tone. Some horses may appear to show their upper teeth because of increased hypertonicity (increase muscle tone) of the facial and upper lip muscles. Other animals may show severe depression and carrying their heads low. Because poisoned horses are unable to eat, these animals become weakened and ultimately die of starvation.
The principal cause is thought to be prolonged ingestion of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow star-thistle) or Rhaponticum repens (creeping knapweed or Russian knapweed) which leads to the development of Parkinson's disease like symptoms. The development of the disease typically occurs when the toxic plant is more than 50% of the horse's diet over a protracted period. The causative agent for is believed to be repin, a Sesquiterpene lactone.

## Occurrence

The disease appears to be restricted to areas where the causative plant species have become invasive and may represent the only food available. Most evidence from published data relates to the western US and to Victoria, Australia.
# Hestiochora furcata

Hestiochora furcata is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found in Australia from southern Queensland through New South Wales to Victoria and South Australia.
The length of the forewings is 7.5–11 mm for males and 8–12.5 mm for females. Adults are on wing from November to February, possibly in one generation per year.
# Julian Marryshow

Julian Marryshow (1918 – 17 July 2012) was a Grenadian-born Royal Air Force fighter pilot during World War II. Later, as a tourism advisor in Barbados, he was credited with having reintroduced the traditional Crop Over festival, which had a considerable influence on tourism to that country.

## Biography

Julian Albert Marryshow was born in Grenada (1918?), one of 17 children of Theophilus Albert Marryshow, a political activist and campaigner for a West Indies Federation. He was possibly named after Julien Fédon, a folk hero in Grenada who had led a rebellion against British rule in 1795. Marryshow senior had encouraged people from the Caribbean to fight in World War I as members of the British West Indies Regiment, so it was perhaps no surprise that his son joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in order to fight in World War II. Marryshow was part of the "Trinidad Air Training Scheme" and, after completing training on 6 June 1941, was posted to the 602 Squadron at Peterhead, Scotland, which was equipped with Spitfires. In this capacity, he took part in the ill-fated Dieppe Raid. He later converted to the Hawker Typhoon, a fighter-bomber, being transferred to 193 Squadron. He flew sorties during the Normandy landings (6 June 1944, onwards), and was credited with the destruction of trains and rocket-launcher sites. On 24 February 1945, his plane was hit and came down near Breda. He survived and was able to rejoin the squadron.
After the war, Marryshow obtained a place on the British government's Further Education and Vocational Training Scheme. This took him to London to study economics under the Marxist professor Harold Laski at the London School of Economics. He went on to be employed in a variety of roles in the Caribbean and elsewhere. In the early 1970s, he was running an advertising agency when the Barbados Tourist Board invited proposals for a project to make Barbadians aware of the importance of the tourism industry. After winning the contract, Marryshow eventually became a consultant to the Board. In an attempt to attract tourists to the country during the low-season months he learned of the celebration by slaves in Barbados that took place at the end of the sugar cane harvest. In 1974, he headed a committee that decided to revive the Crop Over festival, which is now held annually.
Further work in the 1980s took Marryshow to the South Pacific, where he advised the tourism boards in Tonga and the Solomon Islands. He was particularly popular in Tonga as he had a photograph of his father and Tonga’s Queen Salote, which had been taken at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.
Julian Marryshow retired to his home in Christchurch, Barbados. He died on 17 July 2012.
# Homilies d'Organyà

The Homilies d'Organyà (Catalan pronunciation:) constitute one of the oldest known literary documents (longer than a mere fragment) in the Catalan language. It is known for the antiquity of its language, between vulgar Latin and Catalan. Older texts in Catalan include a fragment of the Forum iudicum, the feudal oath of 1098, and the Greuges de Guitard Isarn of 1080–1091, also of Organyà origin, as well as Catalan glosses in Latin documents dated to as far back as 1034.
The Homilies d'Organyà were discovered in the vicarage of Organyà in 1904 by Dr. Joaquim Miret i Sans, a historian and lawyer. It is dated to the end of the 12th century and is composed of six sermons that include commentaries on various gospels and epistles.
The original is kept in the National Library of Catalonia, and a reproduction is also displayed in Organyà.

## Origin

The homilies discovered in Organyà are related to others that were found in Tortosa at the end of the 19th century by Antoine Thomas. Both have a common homily—that of Ash Wednesday—which has linked them to collections of homilies of Provençal origin, which were in frequent use in that era. While the Tortosa homilies copy the Provençal text and have a popular tone, those of Organyà are translations into Catalan and have a more cultivated tone.

## Level of linguistic development

The homilies are distinctive for the archaic level of development of the Catalan used in them, such as plader (to please, oblige), pad (peace), crod' (cross), fed ("make", imperative plural), etc., as well as the retention of the final s in the first person plural of verbs like soms ("we are", modern Catalan som) or vulams (subjunctive "we love" or "we like"; in modern Catalan, vulguem). Interference from Provençal is seen in orthographic, phonetic and morphological archaisms, owing to the close political, economic and cultural relations between the Occitan territories and the Catalan counties.
# Tertiary Education Commission

Tertiary Education Commission may refer to:
* Tertiary Education Commission, New Zealand, which directs tertiary education in New Zealand
* The former Tertiary Education Commission, Mauritius; restructured in 2020 as the Higher Education Commission and Quality Assurance Authority, which direct tertiary education in Mauritius
# Canton of L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue

The canton of L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue is a French administrative division in the department of Vaucluse and region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

## Composition

At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was reduced from 9 to 5 communes (population in 2012):
* Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne : 3,279 inhabitants
* Fontaine-de-Vaucluse : 653 inhabitants
* L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue : 18,902 inhabitants
* Saumane-de-Vaucluse : 911 inhabitants
* Le Thor : 8,416 inhabitants
# Tethea consimilis

Tethea consimilis is a species of moth of the family Drepanidae first described by Warren in 1912. It is found in Asia, including the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Myanmar, Indonesia and India. The habitat consists of various types of mixed and broad-leaved forests.
The wingspan is 50–58 mm.
The larvae feed on Sorbus species and Prunus avium.

## Subspecies

* Tethea consimilis consimilis (south-eastern Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula, China: Jilin, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi)
* Tethea consimilis aurisigna (Bryk, 1943) (Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, China: Hainan)
* Tethea consimilis c-album (Matsumura, 1931) (Taiwan)
* Tethea consimilis commifera (Warren, 1912) (India, Nepal, China: Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet)
* Tethea consimilis congener (Roepke, 1945) (Sumatra)
# Chester, Indiana

Chester is an unincorporated community in Wayne Township, Wayne County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

A post office was established at Chester in 1848, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1901.
# Mustafa Aydogan

Mustafa Aydogan (born 1957) is a contemporary Kurdish writer and translator. He was born in the district of Kızıltepe in Mardin in southeastern Turkey and relocated to Sweden in 1985. He has translated works of renowned authors such as Jack London, Yaşar Kemal, Aziz Nesin and Orhan Pamuk into Kurdish.

## Books

* Zaroka şevê, Translation of Children of the Frost by Jack London, 82 pp., Nûdem Publishers, Stockholm, 1995.
* Pêlên bêrîkirinê (Novel), 171 pp., Nûdem Publishers, Stockholm, 1997, ISBN 91-88592-28-6, ISBN 978-91-88592-28-6.
* Siltanê Fîlan, Translation of Filler Sultanı by Yaşar Kemal, 239 pp., Nûdem Publishers, Stockholm, 1998, ISBN 91-88592-36-7.
* Fîl Hemdî, Translation of Fil Hamdi by Aziz Nesin, Doz Publishers, Istanbul, 1999.
* Siwaro, Translation of a work by Edip Karahan, 63 pp., Nûdem Publishers, Stockholm, 2001, ISBN 91-88592-58-8.
* Kurdistan : wêne, Translation of Kurdistan fotografier by Ann Eriksson, 172 pp., Almlöf Publishers, Stockholm, 2001, ISBN 91-88712-40-0.
* Berê gotin hebû, Collection of articles, 207 pp., Doz Publishers, Istanbul, 2001, ISBN 975-6876-22-0, ISBN 978-975-6876-22-0.
* Navê Min Sor e, Translation of Benim Adım Kırmızı by Orhan Pamuk, 586 pp., Nefel/Doz Publishers, Stockholm/Istanbul, 2002, ISBN 975-6876-23-9, ISBN 978-975-6876-23-7.
* Ferhenga Swêdî-Kurdî (Kurmancî) (Swedish-Kurdish Dictionary), with Mahmûd Lewendî and Vîldan Tanrikulu, Published by Myndigheten för skolutveckling, Sweden, 1074 pp., 2006, ISBN 91-85589-14-4, ISBN 978-91-85589-14-2.
# Nigrosene

Nigrosene is an outdated trade name for a black dye made from oxidised aniline dispersed in water. It was used as a colourant in shoe polish until the 1940s, and as a dark stain for bedplates, brackets, crank handles, and wood. This name is no longer used in today's trading market.
# Julian Pettifer

Julian Pettifer OBE (born 21 July 1935) is an English television journalist.
He was president of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and is vice president of the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts and the RSPB. He was voted BAFTA 'Reporter of the Year' for his coverage of the war in Vietnam in 1968.

## Early life and education

Pettifer was born in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, and was educated at Marlborough College and St John's College, Cambridge. Julian’s father Stephen Pettifer was the manufacturer of veterinary medicines, most notably “Santovin” which was a patent medicine claiming to cure a wide assortment of ills in sheep, cattle, goats and horses.

## Career

Pettifer started work in television during the early days of ITV, as one of the original Southern Television announcers in 1958. He later moved to the BBC as a globe-trotting reporter for programmes such as Tonight, 24 Hours and Panorama.
He was the host for the British television show Busman's Holiday from 1985 to 1988. The show was produced by Granada Television and ran on the ITV network.
Pettifer also wrote and presented a number of documentaries for both BBC and ITV, including Diamonds in the Sky, on the subject of international air travel; Automania, a history of the motor car, and Missionaries.
A growing interest in the environment led to him writing and presenting programmes about the environment and wildlife including Naturewatch for Central Television, Nature, and The Living Isles for the BBC. He continued to report on current affairs, contributing reports for BBC Two's Assignment and Correspondent programmes, and a highly praised film for Channel 4 that re-examined the reporting of the Vietnam war. He presented BBC Radio 4's Asiafile and now presents their Crossing Continents.

## Honours

Pettifer was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours.
He served as president of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and is vice president of the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts.
Pettifer was awarded the Royal Geographical Society's Cherry Kearton Medal and Award in 1990
He was voted BAFTA 'Reporter of the Year' for his coverage of the war in Vietnam in 1968.
# Cordi Elba

Cordi Elba is a collaborative extended play (EP) by Australian pop rock group Lime Cordiale and English musician and actor Idris Elba. It was announced in September 2021 and released on 14 January 2022.

## Background

The album was recorded while Idris Elba was in Sydney shooting for a film earlier in 2021. Lime Cordiale's Oliver Leimbach said, "We wrote everything together. We were all writing lyrics – it wasn't our music or his music, it was smack bang down the middle with every lyric." Elba had teamed up with the band in March 2021, when Elba contributed a rap verse to the band's track "Unnecessary Things" during a Sydney show.

## Reception

Zanda Wilson from Music Feeds wrote that "Cordi Elba is a fascinating album in many ways. You get the immediate impression on first listen that the boys really wanted to extract every drop of talent Elba had to offer, with the Brit showcasing his skills at rapping, singing, speak-singing, humming, scatting, and pretty much everything in between."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Dave K. Haddad, Idris Elba, Louis Leimbach and Oliver Leimbach

## Charts

Chart performance for Cordi Elba :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 9 |
# Tetraneuris turneri

Tetraneuris turneri is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family, known by the common name Turner's four-nerve daisy. It has been found in the US state of Texas and in the nearby Mexican state of Coahuila.
Tetraneuris turneri is a perennial herb up to 50 cm (20 in) tall. It forms a branching underground caudex sometimes producing as many as 20 unbranched, above-ground stems, sometimes some of them leaning against other vegetation. The plant generally produces one flower head per stem. Each head has 12–24 yellow ray flowers surrounding 100–250 yellow disc flowers
# Canton of L'Isle-Adam

The canton of L'Isle-Adam is an administrative division of the Val-d'Oise department, Île-de-France region, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in L'Isle-Adam.
It consists of the following communes:
* Asnières-sur-Oise
* Beaumont-sur-Oise
* Bernes-sur-Oise
* Bruyères-sur-Oise
* Champagne-sur-Oise
* L'Isle-Adam
* Mours
* Nerville-la-Forêt
* Nointel
* Noisy-sur-Oise
* Parmain
* Persan
* Presles
* Ronquerolles
* Villiers-Adam
# Hodenhagen

Hodenhagen is a municipality in the district of Heidekreis, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town was once the site of Hudemühlen Castle, which is now destroyed. The castle was famous as the home of the kobold Hinzelmann. The site of another medieval castle, Hodenhagen Castle on the River Meiße, is also located nearby. Serengeti Park, an amusement park with a safari theme, is located within the municipality.
# Mustafa Avkıran

Mustafa Avkıran (born 3 March 1963) is a Turkish actor.
Avkıran graduated from Mimar Sinan University State Conservatory in 1983. He then joined the cast of Istanbul State Theatre. Eventually he received his master's degree from Mimar Sinan University. For a period he was the manager of Antalya State Theare. In 2000, together with Theatre Playhouse, he founded the İSM 2. Kat acting institution. Avkıran is best known for his roles in TV series such as hit series Kınalı Kar, Ezo Gelin based on true story, Yaprak Dökümü based on classic novel, hit police series Yılan Hikayesi, Kuzey Güney, period series Filinta and comedy series Yeni Gelin.

## Filmography

* Ateşten Günler (1987)
* Ayaşlı ve Kiracıları (1989)
* Yalnızlar (1991)
* Zontellektüel Abdullah (1994)
* Sokaktaki Adam (1995)
* İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında (1996)
* Kayıkçı (1998)
* Kurtlar Sofrası (1999)
* Köstebek 2 (1999)
* Yılan Hikayesi (1999–2001)
* Kurşun Kalem (2000)
* Pencereden Kar Geliyor (2001)
* The Only Journey of His Life (2001)
* Kınalı Kar (2002)
* Beni Bekledinse (2004)
* Köpek (2005)
* Yaprak Dökümü (2008–2010)
* Av Mevsimi (2010)
* Kuzey Güney (2011–2013)
* Kaçak (2013–2014)
* Sevdam Alabora (2015)
* Delibal (2015)
* Filinta (2015–2016)
* Yeni Gelin (2017–2018)
* Azize (2019)
* Çukur (2020)
* İçimizden Biri (2021)
* Adım Farah (2023)

## Awards

* 1995: Golden Orange Film Festival - "Best Supporting Actor" (Sokaktaki Adam)
# Ihuari District

Ihuari District is one of twelve districts of the province Huaral in Peru.
# Nigrosin

In staining dyes, nigrosin (CI 50415, Solvent black 5) is a mixture of black synthetic dyes made by heating a mixture of nitrobenzene, aniline, and hydrochloric acid in the presence of copper or iron. Related to induline, it is a mixture of phenazine-based compounds. Its main industrial uses are as a colorant for lacquers and varnishes and in marker pen inks. Sulfonation of nigrosin yields a water-soluble anionic dye, nigrosin WS (CI 50420, Acid black 2).

## Uses

Aside from its main use in lacquers, small amounts of nigrosin are used for negative staining of bacteria. as well as the capsule-containing fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. The shapes and sizes of the organisms are seen as color-free outlines against the dark background. An advantage of using this method, rather than regular positive stains like methylene blue or carbol fuchsin, is that prior fixation by heat or alcohol is not needed, so the organisms are seen in more lifelike shapes. Furthermore, negative staining with nigrosin can reveal some microorganisms that cannot be stained by regular methods. Nigrosin WS is used in tests for viability because living cells exclude the dye, but it enters dead cells.
Nigrosin has minor application in industrial evaporation as a light-absorbing water-soluble pigment.
# Charles Johnston (priest)

Charles Francis Harding Johnston (b Barnstaple, 6 October 1842 -d Warrington 22 August 1925) was Archdeacon of Bombay from 1888 until 1890.
Johnston was educated at Barnstaple Grammar School and Christ's College, Cambridge; and ordained in 1867. His first post after Graduation was with the Inland Revenue after which he was a master at Trinity College, Glenalmond from 1867 to 1868. Moving to India he was Chaplain of HEICS and Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Bombay before his time as Archdeacon and Vicar of Headington Quarry afterwards.
# Callum (Thrace)

Callum was a settlement and station (mutatio) of ancient Thrace, inhabited during Byzantine times.
Its site is located east of Selymbria in European Turkey.
# Irinosawa Site

Irinosawa site (入の沢遺跡, Irinosawa iseki) is an archaeological site with the ruins of a late 4th century AD Kofun period settlement located in what is now the city of Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. The site received protection by the central government as a National Historic Site in 2017.

## Overview

The Irinosawa site is located at an altitude of 49 meters on the southernmost side of a hill sandwiched by the Sakogawa and Nisakogawa rivers, and extends 430 meters north to south and 450 meters east to west. It contains the ruins of many pit dwellings in an extremely dense configuration not found in any other known Kofun period settlement, and was surrounded by a moat. One of the pit dwellings was found to contain two bronze mirrors, 28 iron items and over 200 beads (including several jade magatama), In addition, many relics have been excavated from other pit building ruins, and two more mirrors. The density of artifacts is highly unusual, but the presence of mirrors is a major mystery, as at the time bronze mirrors were considered sacred ritual items which were in the possession of only the highest rulers and to have several in one ordinary dwelling, let alone in multiple coexisting buildings is unprecedented. Much of the pottery shards found are of a type common in the Kansai region or Japan, and many of the glass beads originated from outside the Japanese archipelago. As the pit dwellings contained no hearth or evidence of habitation, it has been speculated by archaeologists that the buildings are warehouses, possibly a trade center, or possibly an outpost of the Yamato state, which was expanding its influence into the region even during the 4th century AD. The defensive nature of the building arrangement and the fact that many of the buildings appear to have been intentionally destroyed by fire led some weight to this theory, as Yamato influence was spreading over the opposition of the local Emishi tribes.
It was excavated in 2017 in conjunction with construction work on a bypass for Japan National Route 4
# Isaac Evans

Isaac Evans may refer to:
* Isaac Newton Evans (1827–1901), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
* Isaac C. Evans (1879–?), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
* Isaac Evans (trade unionist) (1847–1897), Welsh trade union leader and politician
* Isaac H. Evans, a two-masted schooner berthed in Rockland, Maine
# The Legend of Lasseter

The Legend of Lasseter is a 1979 Australian documentary about Lasseter's Reef. It was produced by Lee Robinson and includes footage from his 1957 episode of High Adventure which he made with Lowell Thomas.
# Nigroporus

Nigroporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. Nigroporus has a pantropical distribution. The genus name combines the Latin word niger ("black") with the Ancient Greek word πόρος ("pore").

## Description

The fruit bodies of Nigroporus fungi are annual to perennial. Their form ranges from pileate (with a cap) to crust-like. When a cap is present, it is scrupose (rough with very small hard points) to smooth, and sometimes with concentric zones. The colour is greyish-blue, vinaceous-brown to pink or violet. The pore surface has the same colours as the cap; pores are usually small and round to angular. The context is vinaceous brown to pink and purplish.
The hyphal system is dimitic, meaning it contains both generative and skeletal hyphae. The generative hyphae have clamp connections; the skeletal hyphae are brownish, and thick-walled to solid. There are no cystidia in the hymenium. The spores are mostly small, with their longest dimension typically less than 5 μm. They are smooth and thin-walled, hyaline (translucent), with an allantoid (long with rounded ends) to broadly ellipsoid shape.

## Species

* Nigroporus durus (Jungh.) Murrill (1907)
* Nigroporus macroporus Ryvarden & Iturr. (2004)
* Nigroporus scalaris (Fr.) Ryvarden (1972)
* Nigroporus stipitatus Douanla-Meli & Ryvarden (2007)
* Nigroporus ussuriensis (Bondartsev & Ljub.) Y.C.Dai & Niemelä (1995)
* Nigroporus vinosus (Berk.) Murrill (1905)
# Charles Hayes

Charles, Charlie, Charley, or Chuck Hayes may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Charles G. Hayes (1937–2014), American musician
* Charles Geoffrey Hayes (1942–2018), English television presenter and actor, better known as Geoffrey Hayes
* Walker Hayes (Charles Edgar Walker Hayes, born 1979), American singer

## Sports

* Charley Hayes (fl. 1938–1940), American baseball player
* Charlie Hayes (born 1965), baseball player
* Chuck Hayes (born 1983), American basketball player

## Others

* Charles Hayes (mathematician) (1678–1760), English mathematician
* Charles R. Hayes (1899–1968), Justice of the South Dakota Supreme Court
* Charles H. Hayes (1906–1995), 8th Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
* Charles Hayes (politician) (1918–1997), U.S. Representative from Illinois