OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New Taipei Metro Circular Line EMU

The New Taipei Metro Circular Line EMU is a medium-capacity train operating on Taipei Metro's Circular line. A total of 17 4-car trains were manufactured by Hitachi Rail Italy (formerly AnsaldoBreda) in Reggio Calabria, then shipped to Hsinchu for final assembly at Taiwan Rolling Stock Company (TRSC). This is the second time Taiwan has purchased trains made in Italy after Taiwan Railways' EMU300 series, built by Socimi.
This was Taipei Metro's third medium-capacity train and New Taipei Metro's first, and officially entered service with the opening of the first phase of the Circular line on 31 January 2020.

## History

In 2009, the Taipei City Government held a tender for the first phase of the construction of the Circular line, and the bid was awarded to AnsaldoBreda (now Hitachi Rail Italy) for designing and manufacturing the Driverless Metro trains. In August 2016, the AnsaldoBreda factory in Reggio Calabria held a delivery ceremony. In November, it arrived at South Depot for various tests and subsequent integration operations. Dynamic testing started in mid 2017.

## Design

There are many differences from the designs and innovations of the existing medium-capacity trains of the Taipei Metro, except that the EMU101 uses the same steel wheels as the high-capacity trains, and the carriages have open-gangway connections. This greatly increases the capacity and the seats are more ergonomically designed. The trains have the external sliding doors of the other lines, instead of the plug doors found on all other trains in the Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro family. Two different liveries of the Circular Line EMU are currently in service. One of these variations is the standard yellow cab and white body design, while the other employs black accents along doors and windows.

## Train formation

A complete four-car set consists of an identical twin set of one end car (A or B) and one intermediate car (C or D) permanently coupled together. The configuration of a Circular line train in revenue service is A–C–D–B.
Each carriage is assigned its own three-digit serial number, which ranges from 101 to 117.
* The first digit after the carriage identification letter (A, C, D or B) is always a 1.
* The other two digits are the identification number of the train the car is part of.
# Julia Tobin

Julia Tobin (born in 1955, Tyne and Wear) is an English actress, best known for playing Brenda Hope in the comedy drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet and Joan of Arc in the music video by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. She is the only actress to appear in every series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet.

## Personal life

Tobin is the daughter of Stella (née Wright) and James Tobin. She lives in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Other notable TV appearances include an episode of Spender, The Bill and the Auf Wiedersehen, Pet episode of the documentary series Drama Connections.
Julia now works as a Secretary in the Radiology department, at the Royal Victoria Infirmary (RVi) in Newcastle upon Tyne
# Jarmo Hyttinen

Jarmo Hyttinen is a Finnish film actor and screenwriter.
Hyttinen began his career in acting in 1993 with one appearance on TV but it wasn't until five years later he appeared in film in 1998 with little or no work in between. Since then he has mostly appeared in Finnish film and has also written a number of TV series and film scripts since 2002. He starred in the 2005 film Paha maa and more recently in the 2006 film Saippuaprinssi in which he worked with actors such as Mikko Leppilampi, Pamela Tola and Teijo Eloranta.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| 2014 | Nightmare 2 – painajainen jatkuu | Eino |
| 2006 | Saippuaprinssi | Angel |
| 2005 | Paha maa | Puti |
| 2004 | Kukkia ja sidontaa | Osmo Rauhanen |
| 1998 | Fire-Eater | Mies Pubissa |
# Malcolm Ross (linguist)

Malcolm David Ross FAHA (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University.
Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996.

## Career

Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic.
Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like splits.
Together with Andrew Pawley and Meredith Osmond, Ross has contributed to the Proto-Oceanic Lexicon Project, which has produced several volumes of reconstructed Proto-Oceanic vocabulary in various semantic domains.
More recently, Ross has published on Formosan languages, Papuan languages and the reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian phonology and syntax.
# Richard Janvrin

Vice Admiral Sir Hugh Richard Benest Janvrin KCB DSC (2 May 1915 – 15 January 1993) was a Royal Navy officer who served as Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (1966–68) and Flag Officer Naval Air Command (1968–70).

## Naval career

Educated at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Janvrin joined the Royal Navy in 1929 and specialised in aerial observation. He was confirmed as a sub-lieutenant (from acting sub-lieutenant) on 16 January 1936, and promoted to lieutenant on 1 October 1937.
Janvrin served in the Second World War and acted as an observer at the Battle of Taranto in November 1940, serving on HMS Illustrious. For his service, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross on 20 May 1941. An acting lieutenant commander at war's end, he was promoted to substantive lieutenant commander on 1 October 1945.
Promoted to commander on 31 December 1948, Janvrin was given command of the destroyer HMS Broadsword in 1951. Promoted to captain on 30 June 1954, he was given command of HMS Grenville and the 2nd Training Squadron in 1957, and the aircraft carrier HMS Victorious in 1959. He was appointed Director of Tactical and Weapons Policy Division of the Admiralty Naval Staff from 1962 to 1963. He was promoted to rear admiral on 7 January 1964, appointed Flag Officer, Aircraft Carriers the same year and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1965 Birthday Honours.
Janvrin became Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff in 1966 and was promoted to vice admiral on 27 November 1967. He was appointed Flag Officer Naval Air Command in 1968, and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1969 New Year Honours. He was placed on the retired list on 15 January 1971.

## Family and later life

In 1938 Janvrin married Nancy Edyth Fielding; they had two sons (Simon and Robin).
Janvrin lived at Allen's Close in Stroud in Gloucestershire. He died on 15 January 1993, aged 77.
# Nelson Harris

Nelson Harris is Baptist minister and a former mayor of Roanoke, Virginia, having served from 2004 to 2008. A Democrat, he was elected mayor in 2004 with 37% of the vote in a competitive four-way race against Republican Alice Hincker, Independent Delvis "Mac" McCadden, and Independent George A. Sgouros. Harris had previously served on the school board and city council.

## Biography

Harris holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Radford University and a Master of Divinity degree from Southeastern Theological Seminary. Harris has done post-graduate work at Princeton Theological Seminary and Harvard University. He teaches religion and philosophy at Virginia Western Community College in Roanoke; and is currently the pastor of Heights Community Church in Roanoke (formerly Virginia Heights Baptist). Harris has also written or compiled several books about the history of Roanoke and the surrounding area. His books include the following titles: Aviation in Roanoke, Downtown Roanoke, Virginia Tech, The Norfolk & Western Railway, Hidden History of Roanoke, Stations and Depots of the Norfolk & Western Railway, Salem and Roanoke County in Vintage Postcards, Roanoke in Vintage Postcards, The Seventeenth Virginia Cavalry, and Greater Raleigh Court: A History of Virginia Heights, Norwich, Raleigh Court and Wasena. Harris has been published in the following periodicals and magazines: The Roanoker, Virginia Southwest, The Student, Log Home Living, Country Collectibles, and Historic Salem.
In 2003, Harris was named a Marshall Memorial Fellow by the German Marshall Fund, allowing for study and travel in Europe. In 2006, Princeton Seminary named him a Pastoral Fellow for his study in pastoral theology. In 2005, Harris was awarded the Outstanding Alumnus Award from Radford University. He later served Radford University as a member of its Board of Visitors from 2006 through 2010, having received a gubernatorial appointment to the board.
In Roanoke's May 2, 2006, municipal elections, Harris and then vice mayor Beverly Fitzpatrick backed a successful slate of three Democrats, running on an independent ticket dubbed "For the City" against the nominees of the Democratic and Republican parties. The election ended the city's long running debate about the fate of Victory Stadium in favor of Harris' preference to replacing it with separate stadiums at Roanoke's two high schools. The local Democratic party considered sanctions against Harris for supporting the independent ticket but differences were smoothed out by 2008. Harris ran for re-election in the May 2008 municipal election but lost to former mayor and fellow Democrat David A. Bowers who ran as an Independent; two other Independents were also in the race: Anita Powell, and George A. Sgouros.
# NN (film)

NN (Spanish: NN: Sin identidad) is a 2014 drama film directed by Héctor Gálvez. The film was selected as the Peruvian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated. It is a co-production between Peru, Colombia, Germany and France.

## Cast

* Paul Vega
* Antonieta Pari
* Isabel Gaona
* Lucho Cáceres
* Gonzalo Molina
* Manuel Gold
* Amiel Cayo
* Fiorella Díaz
* Andrea Pacheco
# Manuela Ruef

Manuela Ruef (born 11 June 1966) is a former Austrian alpine skier.

## World Cup results
### Top 10

| Date | Place | Discipline | Rank |
| 26-11-1987 | Sestriere | Slalom | 7 |

## Europa Cup results

Ruef has won an overall Europa Cup.
* FIS Alpine Ski Europa Cup
** Overall: 1986
# California Habeas Project

The California Habeas Project, also known as The Habeas Project, is a collaboration that advocates for reducing the sentences of domestic violence survivors incarcerated for crimes related to their experiences of being abused. The constituent organizations in the collaborative include: Free Battered Women, Legal Services for Prisoners with Children, California Women's Law Center, USC Post-Conviction Justice Project, and the Los Angeles County Public Defender's Office. The Habeas Project recruits volunteer legal teams from private law firms to represent incarcerated survivors of domestic violence. The Habeas Project began working with women in prison in 2002 after the California penal code was altered to give battered women in California prisons a chance for a new hearing. By 2007, the Habeas Project had facilitated the release of 19 survivors of domestic violence from prison.
According to the Los Angeles Times, The California Habeas Project has also voiced strong criticism of Los Angeles District Attorney Steve Cooley's handling of domestic violence cases.
# Chris Handsor

Chris Handsor (born January 14, 1972) is a Canadian former soccer player who played outdoor and indoor primarily in the USL A-League, National Professional Soccer League, and the Canadian Professional Soccer League.

## Playing career

Handsor began his professional career in the Canadian National Soccer League in 1995 with the St. Catharines Wolves. In his debut season with St. Catharines he would achieve a treble – winning the Umbro Cup, League Championship, and League Playoff Championship. At the conclusion of the season he was awarded the CNSL MVP award. In 1996, he signed with the Charleston Battery of the USISL Pro League. During his tenure with Charleston he failed to feature in a single appearance; resulting in Handsor to return to the CNSL to sign with the Toronto Supra . With Supra he repeated his treble success winning all three trophies throughout the season. The following season, he signed with the Toronto Olympians of the newly formed Canadian Professional Soccer League.
He assisted the Olympians in achieving an undefeated season, and secured a double by winning the Open Canada Cup. The club lost out in the playoffs to his former club St. Catharines, losing in penalties. In 1999, he returned to the USL A-League to sign with the Atlanta Silverbacks, making 17 appearances and scoring 1 goal. When the USL season concluded he returned to the CPSL to re-sign with the Olympians. He won his second Open Canada Cup with the organization by contributing a goal in a 3-0 victory over Toronto Croatia. Toronto once more went undefeated and clinched a postseason berth, in the playoff finals Handsor scored the winning goal in a 2-0 victory over Toronto Croatia. In 2000, Handsor was relegated to the bench for the majority of the season which led to his transfer to Toronto Croatia. He made his debut on August 18, 2000 against Toronto Olympians. He reached the playoff finals where he would face his former club the Toronto Olympians, where Croatia would win the match by a score of 2-1, marking his second CPSL Championship.
On April 24, 2001 the Vancouver Whitecaps announced the signing of Handsor for the 2001 USL A-League season. Unfortuanelty he wouldn't feature much as he suffered a groin injury keeping him out for most of the season. In 2004, he signed with newly expansion franchise the Edmonton Aviators. Midway through the season he was transferred to the Toronto Lynx, and made his debut on July 25, 2004 in a match against Calgary Mustangs.

## Indoor career

Handsor had stints in the National Professional Soccer League, and the Major Indoor Soccer League. He played with Cleveland Crunch, Philadelphia KiXX, Toronto Shooting Stars, Edmonton Drillers, Buffalo Blizzard, Kansas City Comets, Baltimore Blast, Cleveland Force, Chicago Storm, and California Cougars.

## Achievements

Toronto Olympians
* CPSL Championship (1): 1999
* Open Canada Cup (2): 1998, 1999
* Canadian Professional Soccer League Regular Season Champions (2): 1998, 1999
Toronto Croatia
* CPSL Championship (1): 2000
# Convoy HX 49

Convoy HX 49 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 49th of the numbered series of merchant convoys run by the Allies from Halifax to Liverpool. The convoy was attacked by German U-boats, losing three of its 50 ships sunk. Another ship was lost after dispersal.

## Background

HX 49 was formed of two sections sailing from the Americas. The main body, of 26 ships, departed Halifax on 9 June 1940 with ships gathered from the US eastern seaboard; it was led by convoy commodore vice-admiral LD Mackinnon RN in the steamship Eurybates. It was accompanied by its ocean escort, the Armed Merchant Cruiser Ausonia, and a local escort of two RCN destroyers.
On 13 June the convoy was joined by BHX 49, 24 ships from the Caribbean and South America, that had gathered at Bermuda, departing there on 8 June escorted by the AMC Ragputana and a local escort.
Ranged against HX 49 were U-boats of the German Navy's U-boat Arm, on patrol in Britain's South West Approaches. The UBW had five U-boats in area when contact was made on 21 June 1940.

## Action

On 20 June HX 49's Western Approaches escort arrived; the sloops Sandwich, from escorting the outbound OB 169, and Fowey, from OA 169. During the crossing two ships had dropped out of convoy; both arrived safely. A third, Moordrecht, was detached for a port in neutral Spain: She was found by U-48 on 20 June and torpedoed, without examination.
The following evening U-47 found HX 49 about 50 miles south of Cape Clear Island. Her commander, rising star Gunther Prien, took her into the middle of the convoy and sank the tanker San Fernando. The U-boat then had to crash-dive to avoid being run down by a freighter, but the attack caused the convoy to scatter. Later that night two more ships were found and sunk; Randsfjord by U-30 and Eli Knudsen by U-32.
At daybreak on 22 June the two sloops began to gather the ships back together, and HX 49 continued without further loss. The main body arrived in Liverpool on 24 June.

## Ships lost

Merchant ships lost :
| Name | Flag | Tonnage (GRT) | Date sunk | Notes |
| Moordrecht | Netherlands | 7,493 | 20 June | detached 18 June for landfall in Corunna. Torpedoed by U-48; 25 dead, 4 survivors |
| San Fernando | United Kingdom | 13,056 | 21 June | torpedoed by U-47; 49 survivors, picked up by Fowey and Sandwich |
| Randsfjord | Norway | 3,999 | 22 June | torpedoed by U-30; 4 dead, 29 survivors, picked up by Port Hobart |
| Eli Knudsen | Norway | 9,026 | 22 June | torpedoed by U-32; 37 survivors, picked up by Sandwich |
# Taylor v Beere

Taylor v Beere [1982] 1 NZLR 81 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding exemplary damages in tort

## Background

Mrs Beere had one of her friends who was an amateur photographer take a photograph of her and her granddaughter in their home.
In 1972, Beere discovered that another friend, controversial publisher Alister Taylor, had obtained the negative, and was planning to print a guidebook for teenagers called "Down under the Plum Trees" about sex, alcohol and drug use featuring this photo.
Beere wrote to Taylor, demanding that her photo not be used in his book, but Taylor included this photo in the first 10,000 books.
Her photo featuring in such a book caused Beere embarrassment, as people thought she had agreed to be in the book.
As a result, Beere sued for defamation.

## Held

Beere was awarded $12,500 in damages, which included an award for exemplary damages.
# Tamchakett Airport

Tamchakett Airport (IATA: THT, ICAO: GQNT) is an airport serving Tamchakett in Mauritania.
* This article about an airport in Mauritania is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Kolley

Kolley may refer to:
* Abdou Kolley (21st century), Gambian politician
* Kolley Kibber, a fictional character
# Princess of Wales Hospital, Ely

The Princess of Wales Hospital is a healthcare facility in Ely, Cambridgeshire. It is managed by the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust.

## History

The facility was established as the Royal Air Force Hospital Ely in 1939. It treated military casualties during the Second World War. It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and, following a visit by the Princess of Wales in 1987, it was renamed the Princess of Wales Royal Air Force Hospital. Despite a decision by the Royal Air Force to close the facility in 1992, it was saved from closure as a result of pressure from Action for a Community Hospital in Ely, a local pressure group. It was subsequently managed on a civilian basis and renamed the Princess of Wales Hospital.
# NNV

NNV may refer to:
* Natal Naval Volunteers, a British Royal Navy unit of the Boer War
* National Naval Volunteers, a United States Navy reserve force of the World War I period; see United States Navy Reserve
* Netherlands Physical Society (Dutch: Nederlandse Natuurkundige Vereniging)
* Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature (Norwegian: Norges Naturvernforbund), also known as Friends of the Earth Norway, the largest Norwegian environmental organization
* Number needed to vaccinate, a metric used in the evaluation of vaccines and in the determination of vaccination policy
# Jeanette Guysi

Jeanette Guysi (1873–1966) was an American painter who was principal of the Detroit Museum School of Art. Her career path followed that of her elder sister, Alice Viola Guysi.

## Biography

Guysi was born on March 10, 1873, in Cincinnati. She studied with William Sartain at the National Academy of Design in New York City, then traveled with her sister, Alice Viola Guysi, to Paris, France where she studied at the Académie Colarossi
In 1891 and 1892, Guysi exhibited her paintings at the Paris Salon. She exhibited her work at the Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. She also exhibited her work at the Art Institute of Chicago.
Guysi and her sister moved to Detroit in 1896. There, Jeanette served as principal of the Detroit Museum School of Art.
Guysi died on January 6, 1966, in Birmingham, Michigan.
# Calico Railroad

Calico Railroad may refer to:
* Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, a historic railroad in Iowa, United States
* Waterloo Mining Railroad, a railroad that hauled silver from the mines around Calico, California, United States, from 1888 to 1903
** Ghost Town & Calico Railroad, a heritage railroad attraction at the Knott's Berry Farm theme park in California, United States, inspired by the Waterloo railroad
# Chris Hamon

Chris Hamon (born 27 April 1970) is a retired footballer from Jersey who played as a forward for Swindon Town, Cheltenham Town and Dundalk. He also represented the Jersey national team in the 1991 Island Games, scoring four goals (including a hat-trick against Greenland). After retiring from football, Hamon worked as a paramedic.
# Old Ben

Old Ben is a 1970 book by Jesse Stuart, illustrated by Richard Cuffari. It was selected for the 1970 Lewis Carroll Shelf Award.

## Summary

The story of Shan, a Kentucky boy, and the friendship he forms with a big bull black snake.
# Judson A. Lovingood

Dr. Judson Allison Lovingood (July 18 1936 – April 29 2021), was deputy manager of the Shuttle projects office at the Marshall Space Flight Center.

## Early life and education

Lovingood was born in Birmingham, Alabama on July 18, 1936.
He received his bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Alabama in 1958 and received a master of science degree from the University of Minnesota in applied math.

## Career

Upon graduating Lovingood worked at Martin Marietta in Orlando, and then he went to Honeywell in Minneapolis.
Lovingood joined NASA in 1962. Until 1967 he worked in dynamics and flight control, guidance and celestial mechanics, in various positions. In 1967, NASA sent Lovingood to school for one year to complete his doctor of philosophy (Ph.D) at the University of Alabama.
In 1969 Lovingood became chief of the dynamics control division of the aero astrodynamics laboratory. In 1974 he became director of the systems dynamics laboratory. All of the above positions were in the Science and Engineering Directorate of the Marshall Center. The projects supported during this period were primarily the Apollo Program, Skylab, and Space Shuttle.
In 1979 Lovingood became deputy manager of the shuttle projects office, and in February of 1982 he became manager of the shuttle main engine project.
Lovingood was one of the top executives who authorized the launch before the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. In 1988 he left NASA for the private industry, taking a job in Huntsville, Alabama for Thiokol, the company that built the solid rocket boosters on the Challenger.

## Retirement and death

In 2014 Lovingood sued Discovery Channel and several other producers of a TV movie about the Challenger Disaster, accusing them of defamation for his depiction in the movie. The suit was dismissed by the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in February 2020.
Lovingood died at 84 years old on April 29, 2021.
# Pearre

Pearre is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Caroline Neville Pearre (1834–1910), American Christian
* Charles Pearre Cabell (1903–1971), United States Air Force General and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
* George Alexander Pearre (1860–1923), American politician