OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chenistonia montana

Chenistonia montana is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1984 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in eastern New South Wales.
# Nuclear Weapons: The Road to Zero

Nuclear Weapons: The Road to Zero is a 1998 book edited by Joseph Rotblat, a Polish physicist and 1995 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. The book is based on the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, and in particular on a detailed international study published in 1993 on the importance of, and practical mechanisms to, eliminate nuclear weapons. This monograph is a series of essays that describe the many complex technical, economic, legal and political issues involved. Contrary to the approach of nuclear powers -- that these weapons are needed for national security -- is the "no longer fanciful dream" of a nuclear-weapon-free world. Rotblat suggests that this is "a sound and practical objective, which could be realized in the foreseeable future."
The book has 344 pages.
# Oliver Balch

Oliver Balch is a British author and freelance writer who specializes in business and international affairs. He has written for The Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, Huffington Post, The Spectator, Literary Review, and the Financial Times.
Balch was educated at Felsted School. He graduated from Durham University (Hatfield College) in 1998 with a first-class degree in History and subsequently completed an MPhil at Cambridge.
After leaving university he spent a year living in Bolivia and later moved to Argentina, where he began writing freelance. In 2018 he received a PhD in Latin American Studies from the University of Cambridge (Christ's College). His thesis was entitled "Pulp Fictions: The Role of Detachable Corporate Social Responsibility in Building Legitimacy for Uruguay’s Largest Ever Foreign Investment".
He has had three books published by Faber & Faber: Viva South America! A Journey Round a Restless Continent (2009), India Rising: Tales from a Changing Nation (2012), and Under the Tump: Sketches of Real Life on the Welsh Borders (2016).
Oliver and his wife Emma are co-owners of Pottery Cottage, Clyro and are co-founders of the social enterprise, The Story of Books, based in Hay-on-Wye.
# Burns v Burns

Burns v Burns ([1984] EWCA Civ 4) is a case in English property law dealing with the beneficial entitlements of unmarried cohabittees.

## Facts

The plaintiff, Valerie Burns, lived with the defendant for 19 years, Patrick Burns, whom she never married. The house had been bought in the name of the defendant who also paid the purchase price with the plaintiff making no financial contributions to the purchase price or mortgage installments and had acted as a homemaker performing domestic duties. She had however made financial contributions to the household with regards to household bills and redecorating.

## Judgment

The judgment of the case was that in the absence of a financial contribution which could be related to the acquisition to the property such as mortgage installments there is no right to a beneficial entitlement to a family home. This decision was affirmed by the Lords Justice Waller, Fox and May in the Court of Appeal.
It has been widely discussed in the debate over the fairness of the law as it applies to cohabitants.
# Cephalota deserticola

Cephalota deserticola is a species of tiger beetle that can be found in Afghanistan, Armenia, Iran, Russia, Ukraine, Central Asia, and northern part of China. The species is green coloured and is 11 millimetres (0.43 in) in length
# Hearn Stage at The Kress Theatre

Hearn Stage at The Kress Theatre is a small, blackbox performance space located at the corner of Fourth and Johnston streets in downtown Alexandria, Louisiana in the historic Rapides Foundation Building. The Kress Theatre gets its name from the building's former occupant, the Kress Five and Dime Store. Two local theatre collectives, City Park Players and Spectral Sisters Productions, are currently based out of The Kress Theatre.
# Indian Killer

Indian Killer is a novel written by Sherman Alexie, featuring a serial killer in the city of Seattle, Washington, who scalps white men. Because of this technique, he is called the "Indian Killer" and rising fear provokes anti-Native American violence and racial hostility.

## Plot

A serial killer terrorizes Seattle, hunting and scalping white men. The crimes of the so-called 'Indian Killer' triggers a wave of violence and racial hatred against the city’s Native American population.
John Smith, born Indian and raised by whites, desperately yearns for his lost heritage and seeks his elusive true identity; he also battles the severe mental illness that has plagued him since childhood. He meets Marie, an Indian activist outraged by people like Jack Wilson, a mystery writer who claims to be part Indian. As bigoted radio personality Truck Schultz incites whites to seek revenge, tensions mount and Smith fights to slake the anger that engulfs him.

## Reception

Publishers Weekly wrote, "this novel offers abundant evidence of a most promising talent extending its range." The editorial review on Amazon.com said, "Alexie's new novel is a departure in tone from his lyrical and funny earlier work" and that "Alexie layers the story with complications and ancillary characters".
The New York Times wrote, "It's difficult not to make Indian Killer sound unrelievedly grim. It is leavened repeatedly, however, by flashes of sardonic wit, the humor that Indians use to assuage pain”.
Sherman Alexie has said Indian Killer is "a feel-good novel about interracial murder".

## Film version

In the 1990s, Alexie planned to direct a film version of Indian Killer, but the film was never made.

## Characters
### Major characters

* John Smith
* Marie Polatkin
* Jack Wilson
* Clarence Mather
* Truck Schultz

### Minor characters

* Reggie Polatkin
* Mark Jones
* The Foreman
* Aaron Rogers
* David Rogers
* Olivia Smith
* Daniel Smith
* Erik Clancy
# Morris Sugden

Sir Theodore Morris Sugden FRS, (31 December 1919 – 3 January 1984) was a British chemist who specialised in combustion research.

## Biography

Theodore Morris Sugden (Morris) was born in the village of Triangle, the only child of Florence (née Chadwick) and Frederick Morris Sugden, a clerk in a mill. After attending Sowerby Bridge and District Secondary School he gained an open scholarship to Jesus College, Cambridge in 1938, where he read chemistry and was awarded a First in 1940. That year he began research under physicist W C Price on the measurement of precise ionization potentials of molecules. He later switched to working with R G W Norrish for war-work on the suppression of gun flash.
Sugden’s later research activities were in the fields of flame studies, flame photometry, ionization in flames, and microwave spectroscopy.

### Appointments

* University Demonstrator in Physical Chemistry, 1946
* Humphrey Owen Jones Lecturer in Physical Chemistry, 1950
* Reader in Physical Chemistry, 1960
* Director of Research at the Shell Thornton Research Centre, near Chester, 1964
* Director of Thornton Research Centre, 1967
* Chief Executive of Shell Research Limited, 1974-1975
* Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1976

### Awards and honours

* Elected to the Royal Society, 1963
* Awarded an honorary D Tech. by University of Bradford, 1967
* Awarded an honorary doctorate of science by York University, Ontario, 1973
* Made a CBE, 1975
* Received the Davy Medal, 1975
* Awarded an honorary doctorate of science by University of Liverpool, 1977
* Awarded an honorary doctorate of science by University of Leeds, 1978
* He was an Honorary Fellow of Jesus and Queens' Colleges, Cambridge.
* Elected a Corresponding Member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1975.
* Chairman of the Combustion Institute Committee, 1970–1982, and an International Vice-President, 1974–1982.
* President of the Chemical Society, 1978-1979
* Physical Secretary of the Royal Society, 1978-1984
* Knighted in the New Year Honours List, 1983

### Family

Sugden married Marian Florence Cotton in 1945. They had one child, Andrew Morris, born in 1954. He graduated from Oxford in Botany in 1975, and later gained a doctorate in tropical rainforest ecology. He undertook an expedition to the Serranía de Macuira in northern Colombia, publishing a checklist to the plants of this area along with Enrique Forero. He has subsequently followed an editorial career.
Sir Theodore Morris Sugden died at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge on 3 January 1984; he was cremated in Cambridge on the 10th. The Sugden Award for combustion research is named in his honour.
Lady Marian Sugden died in December 2009.
# The Order of the Good Death

The Order of the Good Death is a death acceptance organization founded in 2011 by mortician and author Caitlin Doughty. The group advocates for natural burial and embracing human mortality.
Along with Doughty, members include Sarah Chavez, Director of The Order of the Good Death, Megan Rosenbloom, Director of Death Salon, and Amber Carvaly, Director of Undertaking LA. Other notable members are artist and monument-maker Greg Lundgren, TED speaker Jae Rhim Lee, alternative funeral home director Jeff Jorgenson, artist Landis Blair, forensic pathologist Judy Melinek, author and photographer Paul Koudounaris, and other death professionals, artists and academics.
The group held its first "death salon" in Los Angeles in 2013. Another salon was held in 2014 at St Bartholomew's Hospital Pathology Museum in London by museum curator Carla Valentine.
The group took its name from the Brazilian Order of Our Lady of the Good Death.

## Death-positive movement

The term "death positive" was popularized by Caitlin Doughty as a play on the term sex positive. The death-positive movement is a social and philosophical movement that encourages people to speak openly about death, dying, and corpses. The movement seeks to eliminate the silence around death-related topics, decrease anxiety surrounding death, and encourages more diversity in end-of-life care options available to the public.
However, the ideas behind the movement have existed much longer. The Order of the Good Death website lists the beliefs of the death-positive movement as being that cultural censorship of death and dying does more harm than good, that open discussions about death should be accepted as a natural human curiosity, that families should have full rights to care for the bodies of their loved ones without intervention from funeral businesses, and that end of life care should be diversified and performed in ways that cause less damage to the environment than our current practices. The movement also strongly encourages participants to speak to their families about their own end of life wishes, even if they are young and healthy, and is critical of the commercialized funeral industry. It also encourages people to express their feelings about death through art. Other organizations such as Going with Grace, founded by Death midwife Alua Arthur, are contributing to the movement through their online courses and End of Life Training Program. In 2021, Arthur and Doughty launched a new online course, Mortal, giving an opportunity for students to explore their own mortalities. End Well, founded by physician and film producer Shoshana R. Ungerleider, hosts an annual conference and media platform to highlight solutions to make the end of life experience more human-centered. Death Over Dinner, founded by restaurateur and author Michael Hebb along with Angel Grant, is an organization that encourages people to have dinner parties to talk about mortality which has facilitated more than 200,000 dinners.
# Hearn family

The Hearn family is a family of Anglo-Norman origin. The name's original spelling in the 11th century was Heron or Heroun. As early as the 17th century, the spellings Hearn, Hearne, and Harn would also appear in England and the United States.
The Hearn family has sometimes been incorrectly linked with the Irish ancestral name Hearn.

## Origin

The surname Hearn is thought to be derived from Hairun, a settlement near Rouen, Normandy. The name can be traced back to the English settlement after the Norman Conquest. The Clan Heron, a border-raiding clan along the Anglo-Scottish border, would settle at Chipchase Castle in the 17th century.

## History
### In England

After the name's establishment in England from its Norman origin of Hairun in the eleventh century, numerous variations in the name's spelling would develop, including Heiron, Heron, and Herne. Alternate uses of the word occur in Old English as hyrne, meaning a nook or a corner of land or in a bend. In a glossary originating from Newcastle upon Tyne in 1825, both Hearn and Harn were used interchangeably to refer to a "coarse linen cloth" among the citizens of Newcastle.
The variant spelling Heron has incorrectly led the name to be confused with the Irish name O'Heron (of which later variations would also include Heron and Hearn), an Anglicized form of the Gaelic Ó hUidhrín. The names, however, are of different origin.

### Heron baronets

The Heron Baronetcy, of Chipchase, was created on 20 November 1662 in the Baronetage of England by Charles II for Cuthbert Heron of Chipchase Castle, Northumberland in recognition of the loyalty shown to the King's father Charles I.

## Arrival in the United States
### William Hearne (1627–91)

The Hearn family's arrival in the United States was a result of William Hearne, born in 1627 in London, son of baron Jordan Heron. Hearne was a Captain in Oliver Cromwell's army, and would later maintain a successful business enterprise in London selling Muscovado sugar from the West Indies between 1680 and 1688. Around 1688, William immigrated to America with his wife, Mary (née Cuthbert), settling on the border of contemporary Maryland and Delaware in Somerset County, United States, where he died in 1691.
After his death, the Hearne estate in Maryland, nicknamed "St. Kitts" after Saint Kitts and Nevis, was occupied by his descendants for nearly two-hundred years. Variations and alternate spellings of the family name would occur onward from the seventeenth and eighteenth-centuries in both England and the United States, including Hearne and Harn.

## Armigerous Hearns

The coat of arms granted to Daniel James Hearn, of Correa, co. Westmeath, the use of which being restricted to his descendants, are canting arms, bearing three heron, which have been closely associated with the name.
Sir Nicholas Hearn (1540–1608), who was knighted in Drogheda, Ireland by Sir Henry Sidney in 1566, used as his motto the phrase 'Leges, juraque servat'- 'He maintains the laws and his rights.'
# Chenjerai Dube

Chenjerai Dube (born 18 December 1976) is a retired Zimbabwean football goalkeeper. A Zimbabwe international, he played at the 2001 COSAFA Cup.
# Notarcha auroralis

Notarcha auroralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Frederic Moore in 1888. It is found in India.
# H. W. B. Gifford

Henry William Birkmyre Gifford (born 1847, Australia – 12 April 1924, Kensington, London) was an English chess master.
Biographical information on Gifford is scarce. He was the first unofficial Dutch Champion when shared he shared first place with Benjamin Willem Blijdenstein (A. H. van Blijdenstein in other sources) and won a play-off game against him at The Hague 1873. He shared first with A. de Lelie at Amsterdam 1874 (NED-ch) but lost a play-off game to him, and again won at Rotterdam 1875 (NED-ch). On 18 June 1877, he married Eliza Goldsmid in London and then moved to France.
He took 11th in the Paris 1878 chess tournament (Johannes Zukertort and Szymon Winawer won), and tied for 5–6th at Paris 1881 (Edward Chamier won).
# Breakpoint (disambiguation)

A breakpoint is an execution stop point in the code of a computer program.
Breakpoint or break point may also refer to:
* BCR (gene), the gene that encodes the breakpoint cluster region protein
* Break point, in tennis
* Break Point, a 2002 novel by Rosie Rushton
* Break Point (film), a 2015 U.S. comedy film
* Breakpoint (demoparty), a German demoscene party
* Breakpoint (meteorology), a location referred to by meteorologists when issuing watches, warnings, or advisories for specific areas
* Breakpoint (novel) a 2007 novel by Richard A. Clarke
* Breakpoint ("The Shield"), a 2003 episode of the television show The Shield
* Breakpoint, an indicator of a microbial organism's susceptibility or resistance to a particular antimicrobial; see Minimum inhibitory concentration
* "Breakpoint", a song by Megadeth on the 1995 album Hidden Treasures
# Chak Gajraj

Chak Gajraj is a village in Khiron block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 11 km from Lalganj, the tehsil headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 429 people, in 68 households. It has 1 primary school and no healthcare facilities and it does not host a weekly haat or a permanent market. It belongs to the nyaya panchayat of Semari.
The 1951 census recorded Chak Gajraj as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 154 people (75 male and 79 female), in 70 households and 63 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 49 acres. 5 residents were literate, all male. The village was listed as belonging to the pargana of Khiron and the thana of Sareni.
The 1961 census recorded Chak Gajraj as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 192 people (101 male and 91 female), in 38 households and 32 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 49 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Chak Gajraj as having a population of 240 people, in 39 households, and having an area of 19.82 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.
The 1991 census recorded Chak Gajraj as having a total population of 288 people (143 male and 145 female), in 48 households and 48 physical houses. The area of the village was listed as 20 hectares. Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 50, or 17% of the total; this group was 58% male (29) and 42% female (21). No members of scheduled castes or scheduled tribes were recorded. The literacy rate of the village was 41% (85 men and 33 women). 77 people were classified as main workers (all men), while 68 people were classified as marginal workers (all women); the remaining 143 residents were non-workers. The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 73 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 1 agricultural labourer (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 0 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 0 household industry workers; 0 workers employed in other manufacturing, processing, service, and repair roles; 0 construction workers; 1 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 2 in other services.
# John Strevens

John Frederick Lloyd Strevens (1902–1990) was a British artist who regularly exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Royal Society of British Artists, the Royal Society of Portrait Painters and the Paris Salon.
Strevens was born in London and studied at Heatherley's School of Fine Art but was a largely self-taught painter. His early life in Edwardian England continued to inspire his work. He would regularly use his wife and daughters as models for his paintings. His first one-man show in 1947 featured "The Three Princesses" which depicted his daughters Josephine, Victoria and Virginia. In the 1960s he became particularly known for his oil paintings of children and flowers and was a successful portrait artist. Many of his paintings of children and flowers, were made into prints.
After his first wife's death he married Julia Marzo a Barcelona native and had a daughter, Bridget.
Twenty years after his death two of his paintings were donated by his daughter to his local hospital, St Margaret's in Epping, Essex; Strevens had been treated there for Parkinson's disease in later life. Many more of his paintings were auctioned, while some remained with his three daughters from his first marriage. A blue plaque to Strevens has been placed on his house, in Lower Park Road, Loughton.
Two of Strevens' paintings are in the collection of the British Council.
# Challapalli mandal

Challapalli mandal is one of the 25 mandals in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The headquarters of this mandal are located in Challapalli.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 census of India, the mandal had a population of 53,540 living in 16,430 households. The total population consisted of 26,947 females and 26,593 males, for a sex ratio of 1,013 females to 1,000 males. There were 4,716 children aged 0–6 years, which consisted of 2,218 girls and 2,498 boys, for a sex ratio of 888 females to 1,000 males. The average literacy rate stands at 74.63% with 36,439 literates, of which 17,645 are females and 18,794 are males. There were 11,963 members of Scheduled Castes and 1,448 members of Scheduled Tribes.

### Labor statistics

According to the 2011 census of India, 25,201 people were employed, including 9,304 females and 15,897 males. 23,060 workers described their work as manual labor, 2,294 as cultivators, 12,335 as agricultural laborers, 1,002 as household industry, and 7,429 as involved in other. Of these, only 2,141 were marginal workers.

## Administration

Challapalli mandal is administered under the Avanigadda Assembly constituency of the Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 10 mandals which fall under the Machilipatnam revenue division.

## Towns and villages

According to the 2011 census, there are a total of 11 settlements in this mandal. Challapalli is the largest, and Nimmagadda is the smallest in terms of population.
The settlements in the mandal are:
* Challapalle
* Cheedepudi
* Lakshmipuram
* Majeru
* Mangalapuram
* Nadakuduru
* Nimmagadda
* Pagolu
* Puritigadda
* Vakkalagadda
* Velivolu
* Yarlagadda
* Nukala Vaari Palem

## Education

This mandal plays a major role in education for the rural students of nearby villages. Primary and secondary school education is administered by the School Education Department of the state, aided by private schools. As per the school report for the 2015–2016 academic year, the mandal has more than 8,998 students enrolled in over 66 schools.
# Grotto of Miracles

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 8/10 |
Grotto of Miracles is the second studio album by American experimental rock band Sun City Girls. It was released in 1986 by Placebo Records. Like many Sun City Girls LPs, Grotto of Miracles has become a collector's item.

## Critical reception

Trouser Press wrote: "With demented lyrical concepts and such offbeat accessories as antelope bells, chimes and temple blocks, Grotto of Miracles is an ethnic stew that shows enormous creative growth." The Chicago Reader wrote that the band's "wiggy instrumentals were flavored by surf rock, jazz, and noise, and would give way to pummeling art rock, nonsensical rants, and meandering improvisation." Perfect Sound Forever praised the "beautiful, Rick [Bishop]-heavy, unusually near-accessible first side." Maximum Rocknroll called the album "very musical, poetic, downright pretty, distinctively ugly, the great acid experience or background music."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Sun City Girls, except "Kal el Lazi Kad Ham", which is a traditional arrangement

## Personnel

Adapted from the Grotto of Miracles liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1986 | Placebo | LP | PLA-19 |