OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Phineas Gordon

George Phineas Gordon (April 21, 1810 – January 27, 1878) was an American inventor, printer and businessman who developed the basic design of the most common printing press ever, the Gordon Letterpress.

## Biography

Born in Salem, New Hampshire, where his family had lived for more than one hundred years, he was educated there and at Boston before deciding to become an actor. Failing to achieve a livelihood at this, he moved to New York where he became an apprentice printer. Upon learning the trade, he opened a job printing shop of his own. Around 1835 he began to experiment in press design. His first patent for a job press was granted in 1851. While this press had many flaws, he began to manufacture it as the "Yankee" job press. Subsequently, he introduced the "Turnover" and the "Firefly," which could produce 10,000 printed cards an hour. About 1858 he produced the "Franklin" press, which has ever since been known as the Gordon Jobber. (Gordon claimed that Benjamin Franklin had revealed the basic design of the press to him in a dream.) It was strong, well built, and easy to operate. The Gordon Press solved the problem of clam-shell presses (which previously had "snapped" and endangered pressmen's fingers) by having the platen open on cams, so that it was flat and lagged for the pressman as he fed the sheet, before closing parallel to the type bed.
Gordon began manufacturing presses in Rhode Island but in 1872 established his factory in Rahway, New Jersey. He secured over fifty patents for presses and accumulated a large fortune.
He died from heart disease at his home in Norfolk, Virginia on January 27, 1878.
# Benjamin Yost

Benjamin Yost is an American philosopher and adjunct professor of philosophy at Cornell University. Previously he was Professor of Philosophy at Providence College. He is known for his works on philosophy of punishment.

## Books

* Against Capital Punishment, Oxford University Press 2019
* The Movement for Black Lives: Philosophical Perspectives (ed.), Oxford University Press 2021
# Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei

Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei, stylized as bergpartei, die überpartei (German pronunciation:) and shortened as B*, is a left-wing anarchist, dadaist party in Germany. Its main proposals include universal basic income, restricting private ownership and leaving NATO.
It is known for the holding of a vegetable battle between two rival districts of Berlin and the video activist film festival nodogma.

## Program

B* has no domination claim, but refuses to be a joke party. Its additional designation is: radical feminist arm, utopian solidarity branch, post-identity anti-national, anti-materialist action.
The party is considered left-wing and has roots in the Berlin squatter scene. It supports a system of unconditional, universal basic income, proposes strict restrictions on private ownership, advocates leaving NATO and seeks to implement a system that would let the people directly exercise political power through direct democracy and anarchism.
In 2005, the Bergpartei was the first German party to enshrine the unconditional basic income, then called existence money, in its program.

## Posters and slogans

The party is famous for its handmade posters and billboards.
* Eat the rich, not animal cadavers
* Bikes don't burn
* Every day sabotage day
* 'Fuck your major projects
* Toughen the laws of nature
* Small but slow
* Growth is a pitfall
* Ads annoy everyone

## History

It was founded on 1 April 2011 by fusing two grassroot squatter parties.
The party's founding chairholder was Jan Theiler.

## Electoral Results

In the Berlin elections 2011, the party gained 0.9 % in the district Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (including 3.2% in the former squats area "Wahlkreis 5"). In the national elections 2013, the party gained 0.4% in the same district. Berlin 2016: 3,1 % in area Wahlkreis 5 and 0,5 % in the whole district of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. 2021 elections were held in Berlin and the federal level at the same time. Bergpartei decided to support the referendum to expropriate landlords but still doubled their votes.
# Misfits

Misfits or The Misfits may refer to:

## Film and television

* The Misfits (1961 film), a film starring Clark Gable, Marilyn Monroe, and Montgomery Clift
* The Misfits (2011 film), a Mexican film
* The Misfits (2021 film), an American film
* Misfits (TV series), a British television series

## Music
### Albums

* Misfits (Blanco & The Jacka album)
* Misfits (Sara Hickman album)
* Misfits (The Kinks album)
* Misfits (Misfits album)
* The Misfits (album), a box set by the Misfits

### Songs

* "Misfits" (Cold Chisel song)
* "Misfits" (The Kinks song)
* "Misfits" (Neil Young song)
* "Misfits", by XO-IQ, featured in the television series Make It Pop

### Other uses in music

* Misfits (band), an American punk rock band from New Jersey
* Misfits (quartet), a barbershop quartet
* Misfits, a British rock band formed in 1979 by Rusty Egan and Midge Ure
* The Misfits, a fictional musical group in the television series Jem
* Misfits Records

## Other uses

* MISFITS, the Minnesota Society for Interest in Science Fiction and Fantasy
* The Misfits: A Study of Sexual Outsiders, by Colin Henry Wilson
* The Misfits, a novel by James Howe
* Misfits, a documentary play by Alex Finlayson about the making of the 1961 film
* Misfits Boxing, a promotion founded by British entertainer KSI
* Misfits Gaming, a professional e-sports team in Europe
# Misfits (Cold Chisel song)

"Misfits" was a 1991 single from Australian rock band Cold Chisel, issued to promote the compilation album Chisel. The single only reached number 61 in the national charts and was later dropped from subsequent Chisel re-issue packages. The song was written by organist Don Walker and was recorded during the sessions for the 1980 album East. "Misfits" was originally used as the B-side for that album's third single "My Baby".
The song was intended for a Health Commission documentary on homeless youth that was never released, due to the film being too "tough". The producer, Pam Scott, had approached the band to write a song about homeless teenagers in Sydney's Western Suburbs. The promotional video has footage of street kids and the band performing in a studio, shot by Peter Levy, who would later do the cover for "Circus Animals".

## Reception

Andrew McMillan wrote in RAM, that Barnes, "was - as the medium of lyrical communication - voicing a strong identification with the underdog at a time when the species was gathering numbers, losing hope, and bearing its teeth."

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA Charts) | 55 |

## Footnotes

* ↑ David Kent (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970-1992. St Ives, New South Wales: Australian Chart Book. p. 72. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
* ↑ Toby Creswell. "Petrolheads". www.coldchisel.com. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
* ↑ Cold Chisel - Vision, DVD liner notes
* ↑ Andrew McMillan (5 January 1984). "The Final Salute". RAM. No. 226. p. 33.
# James Hallock

James Hallock may refer to:
* James N. Hallock (born 1941), American physicist
* James L. Hallock (1823–1894), American carpenter, farmer, and politician
# Miss Spain 2020

Miss Spain 2020 may refer to these events:
* Miss Universe Spain 2020, Miss Spain 2020 for Miss Universe 2020
* Miss World Spain 2020, Miss Spain 2020 for Miss World 2021/2020
# Miss Spain 2016

Miss Spain 2016 may refer to these events:
* Miss Universe Spain 2016, Miss Spain 2016 for Miss Universe 2016
* Miss World Spain 2016, Miss Spain 2016 for Miss World 2016
# Brătușeni

Brătușeni is a commune in Edineț District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Brătușeni and Brătușenii Noi.

## Notable people

* Anatoliy Kinakh
* Ghenadie Ciobanu
* Ivan Vakarchuk
# Brăviceni

Brăviceni is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
# Brătila River

Brătila River may refer to:
* Brătila, a tributary of the Zârna in Argeș County
* Brătila, a tributary of the Tazlău in Bacău County
# Bermuda at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships

Bermuda is set to compete at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

## Swimming

Bermuda entered 4 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Jack Harvey | 100 metre backstroke | 57.04 | 42 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Jack Harvey | 200 metre backstroke | 2:04.52 | 32 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Benedict Parfit | 50 metre freestyle | 23.47 | 62 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Benedict Parfit | 100 metre freestyle | 52.63 | 78 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Emma Harvey | 50 metre backstroke | 28.79 | 31 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Emma Harvey | 100 metre backstroke | 1:03.14 | 39 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Maddy Moore | 50 metre freestyle | 26.06 | 43 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Maddy Moore | 100 metre freestyle | 58.01 | 35 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Mixed

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Benedict Parfit Jack Harvey Maddy Moore Emma Harvey | 4 × 100 m freestyle relay | 3:38.86 | 24 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Berambe

Berambe is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# George Sumner

George Sumner may refer to:
* George Sumner (bishop of Guildford) (1824–1909)
* George R. Sumner, bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Dallas
* George G. Sumner (1841–1906), American politician
* George W. Sumner (1841-1924), Rear Admiral in the United States Navy
* George Sumner (artist) (born 1940), American oil painter and environmental activist
* George Sumner (botanist) (1793–1855), American botanist
* Heywood Sumner (George Heywood Maunoir Sumner, 1853–1940), English painter, illustrator and craftsman
* George Holme Sumner (1760–1838), British member of parliament
# Mitchell's embedding theorem

Mitchell's embedding theorem, also known as the Freyd–Mitchell theorem or the full embedding theorem, is a result about abelian categories; it essentially states that these categories, while rather abstractly defined, are in fact concrete categories of modules. This allows one to use element-wise diagram chasing proofs in these categories. The theorem is named after Barry Mitchell and Peter Freyd.

## Details

The precise statement is as follows: if A is a small abelian category, then there exists a ring R (with 1, not necessarily commutative) and a full, faithful and exact functor F: A → R-Mod (where the latter denotes the category of all left R-modules).
The functor F yields an equivalence between A and a full subcategory of R-Mod in such a way that kernels and cokernels computed in A correspond to the ordinary kernels and cokernels computed in R-Mod. Such an equivalence is necessarily additive. The theorem thus essentially says that the objects of A can be thought of as R-modules, and the morphisms as R-linear maps, with kernels, cokernels, exact sequences and sums of morphisms being determined as in the case of modules. However, projective and injective objects in A do not necessarily correspond to projective and injective R-modules.

## Sketch of the proof

Let ${\mathcal {L}}\subset \operatorname {Fun} ({\mathcal {A}},Ab)$ be the category of left exact functors from the abelian category ${\mathcal {A}}$ to the category of abelian groups $Ab$. First we construct a contravariant embedding $H:{\mathcal {A}}\to {\mathcal {L}}$ by $H(A)=h^{A}$ for all $A\in {\mathcal {A}}$, where $h^{A}$ is the covariant hom-functor, $h^{A}(X)=\operatorname {Hom} _{\mathcal {A}}(A,X)$. The Yoneda Lemma states that $H$ is fully faithful and we also get the left exactness of $H$ very easily because $h^{A}$ is already left exact. The proof of the right exactness of $H$ is harder and can be read in Swan, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 76.
After that we prove that ${\mathcal {L}}$ is an abelian category by using localization theory (also Swan). This is the hard part of the proof.
It is easy to check that the abelian category ${\mathcal {L}}$ is an AB5 category with a generator $\bigoplus _{A\in {\mathcal {A}}}h^{A}$. In other words it is a Grothendieck category and therefore has an injective cogenerator $I$.
The endomorphism ring $R:=\operatorname {Hom} _{\mathcal {L}}(I,I)$ is the ring we need for the category of R-modules.
By $G(B)=\operatorname {Hom} _{\mathcal {L}}(B,I)$ we get another contravariant, exact and fully faithful embedding $G:{\mathcal {L}}\to R\operatorname {-Mod} .$ The composition $GH:{\mathcal {A}}\to R\operatorname {-Mod}$ is the desired covariant exact and fully faithful embedding.
Note that the proof of the Gabriel–Quillen embedding theorem for exact categories is almost identical.
# Mitchell's Grove Nature Preserve

Mitchell's Grove Nature Preserve is a 184 acres (74 ha) nature preserve and State Natural Area located in LaSalle County, Illinois, situated between Tomahawk Creek and the Little Vermillion River north of their confluence. It is composed of diverse terrain with over 300 plant species present. While much of the upland area is oak savanna and prairie, the bottomlands consist of several different types of mesic forest with diverse plant communities. The site was given to the state of Illinois by William and Irene Mitchell in 1997.

## History

Mitchell's Grove was heavily affected by glacial action during the Wisconsin glaciation. The movement of ice over the site lead to the presence of Glacial erratics and till. The broad main valley is likely glacial in origin while the numerous small ravines are the result of erosion of the sandstone bedrock. The vertical sandstone cliffs found here are also related to the presence of the Peru Monocline Fault.

## Flora and fauna

A plant survey conducted from 1999 to 2000 documented 333 native plant species including several threatened species such as Burgess Forked Aster and White Cedar. The deep valleys with a prevailing northern exposure and heavy tree cover make the site a glacial refugium that supports species that would typically be found in more northern latitudes such as Swamp Saxifrage.
The same survey listed 21 species of lichen, 39 species of moss, and 4 species of liverwort. No species of moss or liverwort were found in areas previously used for agriculture.
63 Invasive species were also identified in 2000 with varying degrees of infestation. Amur Honeysuckle, an invasive plant from western Asia, was recorded as a dominant species in the shrub layer of the bottomland forest. In the open prairie and savannah, Reed Canary Grass is listed as a growing population. Without treatment, it could substantially alter the ecosystem of the preserve.

## Water quality

Hydrological and aquatic biomonitoring was conducted for the Tommohawk Creek and Little Vermillion River from 1998 to 1999. The research concluded that the water quality was from good to fair depending on the season. Aquatic insect communities of mayflies and caddisflies were documented and used to calculate the Index of biological integrity for the monitoring sites. Increased turbidity was observed in the Little Vermillion River. This was caused by runoff from agricultural fields and a limestone quarry upstream from the preserve.
# Mitchell's Press Directories

First published in 1846, Mitchell's Press Directories listed newspaper titles with additional information about their geographical and topical coverage. The Directories have been described as 'an annual that blended commentary with factual detail'. Press directories such as Mitchell's provide important evidence for the history of mass media in the United Kingdom, in particular the history of British newspapers.
Charles Mitchell (1807–1859) acted as advertising agent for London and provincial newspapers. Mitchell & Co., founded in 1837, is described as 'one of the earliest advertising agencies'. His goal in publishing the Directories was 'to form a guide to advertisers in their selection of journals as mediums more particularly suitable for their announcements', and as a 'more dignified and permanent record' of British newspapers. He published the first Directory in 1846, then 1847, 1851, 1854, and annually from 1856. After Mitchell's death in 1859, his step-son, Walter Wellsman, become editor and expanded the scope of the Directory. From 1860, the Directories included both periodicals and newspapers. By 1861 Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory was so comprehensive that the British Post Office regarded it as an authoritative list of London and provincial newspapers.

## Content

As described in the first edition, for each newspaper published in 'Great Britain and Ireland and the British Isles', Mitchell aimed to list the 'leading features connected with the population, manufactures, trade, &c., of each newspaper district':
* 'Title, price, day and place of publication of each newspaper.
* Its politics.
* The date of its establishment.
* The principal towns in what is considered its more especial local district.
* The particular interest it advocates, whether agricultural, commercial, or manufacturing; whether it is more especially a political, religious, or literary journal; whether it is attached to the Church of England, or is the organ of any sect of Dissenters.
* The names of the proprietors and publisher.
* And whether the bookselling, stationery, or any business is carried on at the office'.
Sometimes this included a short summary of history of the paper, and comments on its 'style and contents'.
Originally their geographical coverage was the British Isles, but by 1891 his Directories were international in scope, listing titles from 'Algeria, Pondicherry, Senegal, the French provinces, and many other locales'. From 1885 to 1888 Mitchell's published a directory of 'Continental, American and Colonial Papers'.

## Impact

In recent years, the Directories have become an important source of information for scholars studying the British press in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
# George Hoyt

George H. Hoyt (August 9, 1883 – November 11, 1962) was a basketball referee. He was nicknamed "Mr. Basketball" in New England, having officiated games in the region for 34 years. He often officiated two games a day at both the high school and college level. Hoyt was a proponent of developing a uniform set of rules and procedures, and wrote The Theory and Practice of Basketball Officiating, a textbook discussing many refereeing distinctions, including the difference between Eastern and Western referees.

## Biography

Hoyt was born on August 9, 1883, in Boston. After years of officiating both high school and college games, he was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a referee in 1961. He was an early proponent of the more open style of play that later became common in basketball, creating rules to discourage defensive holding and free up offensive players. He helped found the Eastern Massachusetts Board of Approved Basketball Officials and served as its president for two years. While serving as Chief of Officials for the Eastern Massachusetts High School Basketball Tournament (becoming Honorary Chief Official on retirement), he helped establish the New England Interscholastic Basketball Tournament. Hoyt died on November 11, 1962.
# Benjamin Gould (politician)

Benjamin Gould (9 October 1849 – 29 October 1922) was a politician in colonial South Australia.

## History

Gould was the eldest son of Ephraim Gould (c. 1825 – 10 October 1891), draper, of Bowden and his wife Susannah, née Barnes (c. 1827 – 14 November 1891). who emigrated to South Australia on the Constance, arriving at Port Adelaide in May 1848.
He was employed on the staff of J. W. Grasby & Co., Limited.
He was Mayor of Hindmarsh from December 1893 to July 1896 (E. Gould was mayor 1887–1888). He was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly for the seat of West Torrens and sat from April 1887 to April 1893, his colleagues being Benjamin Nash followed by Thomas Henry Brooker.
He was for a time organist for the Way Memorial Church, Bowden, and for about 17 years a member of the Pirie Street Methodist Church choir. He was leader of the Bowden Brass Band from 1885 to 1895.
He died at his home, Chief street, Brompton after a long illness.

## Family

Gould married Amelia E. Williams (17 June 1851 – 10 December 1936) on 10 November 1870.
* Arthur William Gould (6 February 1872 – 1941) married Frances Ellen Grubb on 18 April 1894. He was employed by E. O. Thomas, Limited.
* Fanny Jane "Sis" Gould (7 August 1875 – 1952) never married
* Flora V. Gould (2 April 1882 – 18 July 1948) married (Alfred) John Cowling (c. 1880 – 29 August 1951) on 26 September 1906; they lived in Bowden.
# Miss Rhythm

Miss Rhythm is an album by vocalist Ruth Brown featuring tracks recorded between 1954 and 1959 and released on the Atlantic label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic awarded the album 3½ stars stating "Ruth Brown's second LP is a minor masterpiece".

## Track listing

* "This Little Girl's Gone Rockin'" (Manny Curtis, Bobby Darin) – 1:51
* "Just Too Much" (Jerry Wexler, C. Taylor) – 2:30
* "I Hope We Meet (On the Road Someday)" (Rudy Toombs) – 2:44
* "Why Me" (Brook Benton, Belford Hendricks, Ronald Mack) – 2:25
* "Somebody Touched Me" (Ahmet Ertegun) – 2:27
* "When I Get You Baby" (Jimmy Lewis, Ruth Brown) – 2:08
* "Jack O' Diamonds" (Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller) – 2:33
* "I Can't Hear a Word You Say" (Leiber, Stoller) – 2:30
* "One More Time" (Rose Marie McCoy, Charlie Singleton) – 2:41
* "Book of Lies" (C. Small, D. Moore) – 2:33
* "I Can See Everybody's Baby" (Leroy Kirkland, Mamie Thomas) – 3:02
* "Show Me" (Joe Shapiro, Lou Stallman) – 2:37

## Personnel

* Ruth Brown – vocal with various personnel including
* Ed "Tiger" Lewis, Steve Lipkins, Joe Wilder – trumpet
* Jimmy Cleveland, Richard Harris – trombone
* Jimmy Mitchell, Jerome Richardson – alto saxophone
* Arnett Cobb, King Curtis, Budd Johnson, Sam Taylor – tenor saxophone
* Sylvester Thomas – baritone saxophone
* Lee Anderson, Dick Hyman, Bu Pleasant, Mike Stoller – piano
* Mickey Baker, Al Caiola, Allen Hanlon, Mundell Lowe, Charles Macey – guitar
* Abie Baker, Percy Heath, Benny Moten, Lloyd Trotman – bass
* Connie Kay, Joe Marshall, Noruddin Zafer – drums
* Jerry Duane, Bob Harter, Artie Malvin, Bill Marine, Robert Miller, Ralph Nyland, The Rhythmakers, Maeretha Stewart – backing vocals