OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George I. Forsythe

George Irvin Forsythe (July 21, 1918 – December 28, 1987) was a United States Army Lieutenant General who served in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War.

## Early life and education

Forsythe was born on July 21, 1918, in Butte, Montana.

## Military career

Forsythe joined the ROTC at the University of Montana, graduating in 1939.
In June 1962, Forsythe became executive officer and senior aide to the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, both General George H. Decker and General Earle G. Wheeler. He was promoted to brigadier general in August 1963. He served as assistant division commander of the 25th Infantry Division.
In 1967/8 Forsythe served as military deputy to Robert Komer the head of Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support.
Forsythe served as commander of the 1st Cavalry Division from August 1968 until April 1969.
In May 1969 Forsythe was appointed commandant of the United States Army Infantry School.
In October 1970 Army Chief of Staff General William Westmoreland selected Forsythe, then commanding the Army Combat Developments Command, to serve as the Special Assistant for the Modern Volunteer Army (SAMVA) and in this role which he held until 1972 he oversaw the transition of the US Army to an all-volunteer force. Project VOLAR was launched on January 1, 1971, to determine how to successfully transition the Army to an all volunteer organization.
Forsythe died on December 28, 1987, in Beaufort, South Carolina, and was buried at Beaufort National Cemetery.
# Bernardo Tesauro

Bernardo Tesauro (1440–1500) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period.

## Biography

Tesauro was born in Naples. He was a relative of Filippo Tesauro. He was a pupil of Silvestre dei Buoni. He painted an Assumption of the Virgin for the church of San Giovanni Maggiore in Naples.
Tesauro also painted frescoes in the chapel of San Aspreno in the Cathedral of Naples. He died in Naples. He painted the Seven Sacraments in the ceiling of the church of San Giovanni di Pappacodi. The Marriage scene represent Ferdinand II of Naples marrying Ippolita Maria Sforza.
# Berguent Airfield

Berguent Airfield is an abandoned military airfield in Morocco, located approximately 33 km south-southeast of Jerada (Oriental); 500 km east-northeast of Casablanca, near the Algerian border.

## History

During World War II the airfield's primary use was for C-47 Skytrain troop carrier and logistics operations by the Twelfth Air Force. The airfield was constructed as a temporary facility, with a hard earth or pierced steel planking (PSP) runway and parking apron. with few or no permanent structures, Tents were used for ground support operations and personnel billeting.
Elements of the 314th Troop Carrier Group began to arrive on 4 May 1943 and operated from the airfield until the end of June 1943, during the North African Campaign. After the 314th moved east to Kairouan Airfield, Tunisia, the airfield was dismantled and the land returned to civil authorities.
There are faint traces of the airfield in the runway which can be seen in aerial photography
# Mitointeractome

Mitointeractome is a mitochondrial protein interactome database.
# Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (also known as MAP2K, MEK, MAPKK) is a dual-specificity kinase enzyme which phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
MAP2K is classified as EC 2.7.12.2.
There are seven genes:
* MAP2K1 (a.k.a. MEK1)
* MAP2K2 (a.k.a. MEK2)
* MAP2K3 (a.k.a. MKK3)
* MAP2K4 (a.k.a. MKK4)
* MAP2K5 (a.k.a. MKK5)
* MAP2K6 (a.k.a. MKK6)
* MAP2K7 (a.k.a. MKK7)
The activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK6), JNK (MKK4 and MKK7), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways. The acronym MEK derives from MAPK/ERK Kinase.

## Role in melanoma

MEK is a member of the MAPK signaling cascade that is activated in melanoma. When MEK is inhibited, cell proliferation is blocked and apoptosis (controlled cell death) is induced.
# Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation-induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

## Interactions

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to interact with:
* Grb2,
* MAPK8IP1,
* MAPK8IP2,
* MAPK8IP3
* P53, and
* TOB1.
# Mixmaster anonymous remailer

Mixmaster is a Type II anonymous remailer which sends messages in fixed-size packets and reorders them, preventing anyone watching the messages go in and out of remailers from tracing them. It is an implementation of a David Chaum's mix network.

## History

Mixmaster was originally written by Lance Cottrell, and was maintained by Len Sassaman. Peter Palfrader is the current maintainer. Current Mixmaster software can be compiled to handle Cypherpunk messages as well; they are needed as reply blocks for nym servers.
Support for Mixmaster was removed from the Neomutt fork of the Mutt mail client in 2024 because the project did not seem active anymore.
# James Laube

James Laube (/ˈlɔːbi/ LAW-bee) is an American wine critic, writing for Wine Spectator since 1980, a full-time staff writer since 1983, with expertise on California wine. Laube has published the books California's Great Cabernets, California's Great Chardonnays, and California Wine containing nearly 700 winery profiles with chapters on California wine history, grapes and wine styles, which won the 1996 James Beard Award for best wine book of the year.

## TCA taint controversy

A Wine Spectator report by Laube that Chateau Montelena wine was tainted by TCA, was followed by a great deal of controversy, and the contention that Laube is able to detect TCA at much lower levels than most people. In a letter to the San Francisco Chronicle, Steve Heimoff, an editor of a competing wine magazine Wine Enthusiast, wrote that Laube's position as a critic in a prominent magazine should be more cautious about branding wines as being tainted when most wine drinkers do not have the same level of sensitivity to detect anything wrong with those wines.

## Influence on California wine

As the lead reviewer of wines from California for Wine Spectator, Laube's influence over the California wine industry has been compared to that of the Wine Advocate's Robert M. Parker, Jr. Laube's preference for high alcohol, full bodied wines that have been aged in oak has been charged by some critics as a possible reason for the high numbers of that style of wine being produced in California.
# George Tomlinson

George Tomlinson may refer to:
* George Tomlinson (British politician) (1890–1952)
* George Tomlinson (bishop) (1794–1863), Anglican bishop of Gibraltar
* George Henry Tomlinson Jr. (1896–1963), Canadian politician
# Georges Scott

Georges Bertin Scott (10 June 1873 – 10 January 1943) was a French war correspondent and illustrator for the French magazine L'Illustration during the early 20th century. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He produced paintings of the Balkan Wars and the First World War, and also covered and illustrated scenes from the Spanish Civil War and the early Second World War. One of his works, an oil painting of his depicting King Constantine I of Greece during the Balkan Wars hangs in main entry hall of the Presidential Palace in Athens. In 1909 Scott married French singer Nelly Martyl, who served as a nurse during the First World War, and was awarded the Croix de Guerre.

## Gallery

* Bulgarian soldiers of the Balkan Wars, painted by Scott for L'Illustration.
* The Théâtre du Front designed by Scott in 1916 (Illustrated War News).
* Racing Club v Stade Francais, painted in 1906 for a sports calendar.
* King Constantine I of Greece during the Balkan Wars.
* Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil, published in Le Monde Illustré, nº 1.708, 21/12/1889.
* Serbian army liberates Dubrovnik (13. 11. 1918)
# Bulbophyllum laetum

Bulbophyllum laetum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Bulbophyllum lakatoense

Bulbophyllum lakatoense is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. The species is native to Madagascar.
# Berea, Warren County, Tennessee

Berea is an unincorporated community in Warren County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.

## History

The community was named after the biblical place of Berea.
# Berea, South Carolina

Berea is a census-designated place (CDP) in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 14,295 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Greenville–Mauldin–Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Berea is located at 34°52′44″N 82°27′39″W﻿ / ﻿34.87889°N 82.46083°W﻿ / 34.87889; -82.46083 (34.878845, -82.460751).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.0 square miles (21 km$^2$), of which 7.7 square miles (20 km$^2$) (96.25%) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km$^2$) (3.75%) is water.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Berea racial composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 7,100 | 45.58% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 3,044 | 19.54% |
| Native American | 31 | 0.2% |
| Asian | 193 | 1.24% |
| Pacific Islander | 15 | 0.1% |
| Other/Mixed | 596 | 3.83% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 4,599 | 29.52% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 15,578 people, 5,624 households, and 3,543 families residing in the CDP.

### 2010 census

At the 2010 census there were 14,295 people, 5,441 households, and 3,728 families living in the CDP. The population density was 1,855.5 inhabitants per square mile (716.4/km$^2$). There were 6,093 housing units at an average density of 761.6 per square mile (294.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 60.6% White, 18.1% African American, 0.51% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.007% Pacific Islander, 16.9% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.4%. People of Mexican ancestry made the largest portion of the CDP's Hispanic or Latino population, at 14.1%.
Of the 5,441 households 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 25.5% of households were one person and 10.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.05.
The age distribution was 24.1% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% 65 or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
The median household income was $29,964 and the median family income was $37,955. Males had a median income of $32,387 versus $30,692 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,257. About 25.1% of families and 31.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.8% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Berea has a public library, a branch of the Greenville County Library System.
# Mistral (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
Mistral is a studio album by jazz trumpeter Freddie Hubbard that was released by Eastworld and Liberty with Phil Ranelin, Art Pepper, George Cables, Peter Wolf, Roland Bautista, Stanley Clarke, Peter Erskine, and Paulinho da Costa.

## Reception

Scott Yanow of AllMusic gave the album two stars and stated, "Compared to his live performances, this studio recording is a disappointment. Altoist Art Pepper and keyboardist George Cables have a few spots but the arrangements are a bit commercial, the originals (three by trumpeter Freddie Hubbard and one apiece from Cables and bassist Stanley Clarke) are forgettable and no one sounds like they are sweating. This LP is one of Hubbard's lesser efforts."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Freddie Hubbard except as indicated
* "Sunshine Lady" (Stanley Clarke) - 7:18
* "Eclipse" - 7:08
* "Blue Nights" (George Cables) - 7:17
* "Now I've Found Love" - 6:53
* "I Love You" (Cole Porter) - 7:27
* "Bring It Back Home" - 7:55
* Recorded September 15, 17, 18 & 19, 1980 at Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, CA

## Personnel

* Freddie Hubbard - trumpet, flugelhorn
* Phil Ranelin - trombone
* Art Pepper - alto saxophone
* George Cables - piano, electric piano
* Peter Wolf - synthesizer
* Roland Bautista - guitar
* Stanley Clarke - bass, electric bass
* Peter Erskine - drums
* Paulinho da Costa - percussion
# Bukhari (heater)

A bukhāri (Persian بُخاری) is a traditional space heater from Central Asia and northern areas of the Indian Subcontinent, which is typically a wood-burning stove. Bukharis consist of a wide cylindrical fire-chamber at the base in which wood, charcoal or other fuel is burned and a narrower cylinder on the top that helps in heating the room and acts as a chimney. The base of an Indian bukhari is wider than that of most western wood-burning stoves. Bukharis are found in the entire northern belt of the region, i.e. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, northern Pakistan, North India, Nepal, Bhutan and Northeast India.

## Etymology

The term bukhār is a Persian word meaning heat or fever. In modern Persian, the term bukhari generically refers to a heater.

## Use in poultry farming

Bukharis are in widespread use by poultry farmers in North India to keep birds warm during winter nights.

## Fuel alternatives and conservation

Forest conservation imperatives have resulted in the development of alternative designs for bukharis in India, including kerosene-based versions and bukharis that are more fuel-efficient than the traditional varieties.

## Hazards

Frequently, bukhari chimneys are not long enough to vent smoke outside the house, resulting in annual deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning in the region. Public authorities and mass media in the region often exhort people not to use angithis or bukharis in closed rooms. Bukharis also present a hazard for children due to their hot metallic surfaces and easy hinged access to the fuel-burning area.
# Georges, marquis d'Harcourt

Georges-Trevor-Douglas-Bernard d'Harcourt-Olonde (4 November 1808 – 30 November 1883) was a French aristocrat and a 19th-century diplomat. Formally styled marquis d'Harcourt, he served as French Ambassador to London from 1875 until 1879.

## Family

Of Anglo-Norman descent, he was the second son of Amédée Louis André Marie Charles François, marquis d'Harcourt (1771–1831) by his wife Elizabeth Harcourt (1771–1846), of Pendley Manor, Hertfordshire.
On 5 August 1841, he married Jeanne-Paule de Beaupoil (1817–1893), daughter of Louis-Clair, comte de Sainte-Aulaire and Louise Charlotte Victoire, daughter of Nicolas de Grimoard de Beauvoir du Roure de Beaumont, comte de Brison. They had seven children:
* Bernard Pierre Louis (1842–1914), marquis d'Harcourt and baron d'Olonde, etc.
* Louis-Emmanuel, (1844–1928), Mayor of Souppes
* Victor Amédée Constant (1848–1935), Colonel of the 168th Infantry Regiment
* Louis Marie Georges (1856–1946), Major in the French Cavalry
* Pauline d'Harcourt-Olonde (1846–1922), comtesse d'Haussonville
* Aline d'Harcourt-Olonde (1852–1943)
* Catherine d'Harcourt-Olonde (1859–1944), comtesse de Puymaigre
His elder brother William marquis d'Harcourt-Olonde married, in 1837, Elizabeth Georgiana Cavendish, daughter of General The Hon. Henry Cavendish MP, while his sister, Marie-Augusta, became Duchess of Castries, wife of Charles de La Croix, duc de Castries.

## Honours

* - Officer, Légion d'honneur
* - Knight of Malta
# Bulbophyllum mystrochilum

Bulbophyllum mystrochilum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Geothermal power in Kenya

Geothermal power is very cost-effective in the Great Rift Valley of Kenya, East Africa. As of 2023, Kenya has 891.8 MW of installed geothermal capacity. Kenya was the first African country to build geothermal energy sources. The Kenya Electricity Generating Company, which is 74% state-owned, has built several plants to exploit the Olkaria geothermal resource; Olkaria I (268.3 MW), Olkaria II (105 MW), Olkaria IV (140 MW), Olkaria V (158 MW), and Wellhead generation plants (75 MW), with a third private plant Olkaria III (139 MW). Additionally, a pilot wellhead plant of 2.5 MW has been commissioned at Eburru; and, two small scale plants with a total of 4 MW have been built by Oserian Development Company powering businesses on and around Oserian land.
Currently, the exploration of geothermal wells in Kenya as well as sale of geothermal steam to the Kenya Electricity Generating Company and Independent Power Producers for the purpose of electricity generation is undertaken by the Geothermal Development Company.

## Future Development Goals

By 2030 Kenya aims to have 5,530 MW of geothermal power or 51% of total capacity. This will make it Kenya's largest source of clean energy by 2030.
Geothermal power plants have a prominent place in Kenya's overarching development plans. These include the Vision 2030, the NCCAP, and the current ‘5000+ MW in 40 months initiative’. Geothermal power has the potential to provide reliable, cost-competitive, baseload power with a small carbon footprint, and reduces vulnerability to climate by diversifying power supply away from hydropower, which currently provides the majority of Kenya's electricity. Kenya has set out ambitious targets for geothermal energy. It aims to expand its geothermal power production capacity to 5,000 MW by 2030, with a medium-term target of installing 1,887 MW by 2017. Although there is significant political will and ambition, reaching these ambitious goals is a major challenge.
The Kenyan Government's plan to increase geothermal energy production to over 5,000 MW by 2030 is part of Kenya Vision 2030, which highlights the country's ambition to become a middle-income country by 2030. As part of its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Eastern Africa, the European Investment Bank (EIB) has agreed to invest $95 million in geothermal power projects across the region. The Kenya Vision 2030 plans to drilling a total of 630 geothermal steam production wells which will be drilled, developed and completed by 2017 at Olkaria (80), Menengai Phase 1(120), Menengai Phase 2 (210), and Silali-Bogoria Phase 1(210).
# Oratorio della Beata Vergine delle Grazie, Fanano

The Oratorio della Beata Vergine delle Grazie (Oratory of the Blessed Virgin of the Graces), also known as the Oratorio della Madonna del Ponte is a Roman Catholic chapel-like building, or small church, located in the town of Fanano in the province of Modena, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is located near a bridge over the river Fellicarolo.

## History

The oratory was erected in 1650 around an icon placed on an aedicule near the bridge. It was refurbished in the last century, and dedicated to those emigrating from the town. The plaque in front of the church recalls Felice Pedroni, one of the most prominent emigrants from Fanano. The main altar was constructed by the brothers Gherardini and houses a canvas depicting God the Father and Saints by Pellegrino da Fanano.
# Göttingen minipig

The Göttingen minipig (also known as the Göttinger or "Goettingen" minipig) is a breed of miniature pig. The Göttingen minipig is the smallest domestic pig breed known in the world; as an adult, they weigh around 35 kg (77 lb). Beside being known for their exceptionally small size, the Göttingen minipigs are known for their docile nature and very clean and well-characterized health status. Raising of this breed began in the late 1960s at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics (Institut für Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik) at the University of Göttingen, Germany, by crossbreeding the Minnesota mini-pig, the Vietnamese Pot-bellied pig, and the German Landrace pig. Göttingen minipigs are highly favored as pets, however, the breed was specifically developed for biomedical research. Today, they are extensively bred at four separate locations globally.

## History

The Göttingen minipig was raised for use in biomedical research. Smaller pigs required less space and feed, were easier to handle, and required a lesser amount of the compound being tested.
The Göttingen minipig was the first miniature pig breed to be developed in Europe. They were available to the German biomedical research community from the late 1960s. Breeding began by crossing the Minnesota minipig, obtained from the Hormel Institute in the United States, and the Vietnamese pot-bellied pig, obtained from a German zoo. Subsequent cross breeding with the German Landrace produced the white/pink skin pigmentation which characterizes modern Göttingen minipigs. Breeding goals included a low body weight, good ear veins, and low inbreeding coefficients.
In 1992, the first colony of barrier-bred, microbiologically defined Göttingen minipigs were derived in Denmark. From this colony, Göttingen minipigs were provided for biomedical research performed throughout Europe and to a limited extent in North America. Beginning in 2003, a colony of Göttingen minipigs were established in the United States. Since 2010, the breed has also been available in Japan. Global use of Göttingen minipigs for biomedical research has been increasing over the past two decades.
In the United States in the 2010s, Göttingen minipigs were soon purchased and bred locally to be sold as pets, in multiple locations. They are now a popular breed of pet pig, renowned for their small size.
# Hamilton Macallum

(John Thomas) Hamilton Macallum (22 May 1841 – 23 June 1896) was a Scottish painter.

## Life

Born at Kames, Argyllshire, on 22 May 1841, he was the second son of John Macallum, J.P., of the Kames gunpowder works. His father insisted on his entering a merchant's office in Glasgow, in preparation for an Indian commercial career. In 1864, when he was 23 years of age, he went to London to become a painter.
Macallum entered the Royal Academy schools the same year, 1864. He had studios successively at Hampstead (Haverstock Hill), in Piccadilly, and at Beer, Devon. He painted in the western Scottish Highlands from a small yacht, the south coast of Devon, Heligoland, the Netherlands, and southern Italy.
His contributions to the major London exhibitions extended over twenty years, from 1876, when Hoisting the Storm Jib was at the Royal Academy, until 1896, when his last picture, the Crofter's Team, (which went to the Millbank Gallery) hung on the same walls. Macallum died very suddenly of heart disease at Beer on 23 June 1896.

## Family

Macallum left a widow, Euphemia, daughter of John Stewart of Glasgow, and one son. Mrs. Macallum subsequently (13 March 1900) received a civil list pension.

## Memorial

A memorial to Macallum was erected by residents of Beer.