OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Life imprisonment in Croatia

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] Currently, there is no life imprisonment in Croatia. The Criminal Code prescribes long-time imprisonment - 20 to 50 years - for the most severe criminal offenses. The maximum sentence for a single count is 40 years, while the maximum cumulative sentence is 50 years, even if the sum of sentences for each convicted count exceeds 50 years.
Life imprisonment was introduced in July 2003 but was abolished in 2004 after the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia ruled that the law had been changed without the required two-thirds supermajority in the Croatian Parliament. A subsequent attempt to reintroduce life imprisonment was defeated in the parliamentary procedure.
Some Croatian politicians and law experts still support the introduction of life imprisonment. The opponents argue that long-time imprisonment is a sufficient deterrent and that for many convicted criminals it is essentially equivalent to life imprisonment. As of October 2012, 14 people were sentenced to the then-maximum term of 40 years.
# Life imprisonment in Finland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] In Finland, life imprisonment is the maximum criminal penalty. In actual practice, life imprisonment rarely lasts for the remainder of a convict's life; it currently consists of imprisonment in closed prison and possible periods of imprisonment in a halfway house, supervised parole and full parole. The death penalty was abolished in Finland in 1949 for peacetime offences and for all offences in 1972.
Life imprisonment is the only possible penalty for the crime of murder and a possible penalty for treason, espionage, war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, and terrorism resulting in death.
Under the Finnish criminal code of 1889, life imprisonment consisted of at least 12 years of imprisonment after which the convict was conditionally released and remained on probation for the rest of their life. After 1931, release was by presidential pardon and the probationary period was eight years. Today, those sentenced to life imprisonment may be considered for parole after 12 years and most are released after serving between 12 and 20 years.
Since 2006, Helsinki Court of Appeals (Helsingin hovioikeus) has acted as Parole Board and a life prisoner has been considered for parole even after serving 10 years. If the parole is rejected, a new parole hearing is scheduled in 2 years. If the parole is accepted, 3 years of supervised parole follows until full parole, assuming no violations. If the convict was less than 21 years of age when they committed the crime, the first parole hearing is after 10 years served. Juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment in Finland, the maximum penalty for an offender who was under 18 years of age is 12 years for a single murder and 15 years for multiple murders or sentences where a murder conviction is combined with conviction for other serious crimes.
As of 2017, the longest incarceration for a life sentence convict in Finland has been 22 years. The paroled offender committed another murder the following month and was again sentenced to life imprisonment. The average duration of a life sentence in the 2010s has been 14 years.
# Ivy Creek Greenway

The Ivy Creek Greenway is a 3.4-mile (5.5 km) multi-use trail under construction in the cities of Buford, Georgia and Suwanee, Georgia, in the United States.
In 2014, a 1.5-mile section of the trail was added and includes two boardwalks, an overlook and a 270-foot cable bridge spanning Ivy Creek.
On February 27, 2018, the greenway was designated as one of the signature trails of Gwinnett County.
# Lineodes hamulalis

Lineodes hamulalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Argentina.
# Lineodes interrupta

Lineodes interrupta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Zeller in 1873. It is found in Mexico and the United States, where it has been recorded from Florida, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas.
The wingspan is about 21 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing nearly year-round.
# Linda Douglas (disambiguation)

Linda Douglas may refer to:
* Linda Douglas (1928–2017), actress and wife of Hank Greenberg
* Linda Douglass, director of communications for the White House Office of Health Reform
* Linda Douglas (gymnast) (born 1965), Australian rhythmic gymnast
# In Defence of Marxism

In Defense of Marxism may refer to:
* In Defence of Marxism (book), a collection of texts from Leon Trotsky, published in 1942, mostly about the nature of the USSR
* In Defence of Marxism (website), a website operated by the Revolutionary Communist International
# Lindholmiola barbata

Lindholmiola barbata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicodontidae.

## Geographic distribution

This species is endemic to Greece, where it occurs on the islands of Crete and Gavdos.
# Indian Antiguans and Barbudans

Indian Antiguans and Indian Barbudans are Antiguans and Barbudans of entirely or predominantly Indian descent.
According to the 2011 Census, Indian Antiguans and Barbudans make up 1.11% of the population.
The majority of Indian Antiguans and Barbudans live in Saint John Parish, Antigua and Barbuda, while other parishes have Indian minorities of less than 100 people.

## Statistics

Country of birth data :
| Q48 Ethnic | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth | Q58. Country of birth |
| Q48 Ethnic | Africa | Other Latin or North American countries | Antigua and Barbuda | Other Caribbean countries | Canada | Other Asian countries | Other European countries | Dominica | Dominican Republic | Guyana | Jamaica | Monsterrat | St. Kitts and Nevis | St. Lucia | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Syria | Trinidad and Tobago | United Kingdom | USA | USVI United States Virgin Islands | Not Stated | Total |
| East Indian/India | 1 | 7 | 123 | 3 | 17 | 139 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 458 | 19 | - | - | 9 | 4 | 1 | 45 | 3 | 74 | - | 24 | 942 |
# Indian Architect & Builder

Indian Architect & Builder (IA&B) is an architecture magazine in India. Published in Mumbai, India by Jasubhai Media Pvt. Ltd, the magazine was started in 1986. It is one of the oldest publications on architecture and design practices in India. The magazine had featured works from some of the most significant architecture practices in India having an extensive archive of projects and writings.
With its annual conference - The 361°, IA&B curates a very meaningful dialogue on architecture and is one of the largest contributors to international discourse on architecture in India.
# In Memory of Eva Gore-Booth and Con Markiewicz

"In Memory of Eva Gore-Booth and Con Markiewicz" is a poem in two stanzas by William Butler Yeats, written in 1927 and published in his 1933 collection The Winding Stair and Other Poems.
Eva Gore-Booth and Constance Markiewicz (née Gore-Booth) were two sisters who lived at Lissadell House in County Sligo. Constance (Con) died in 1927, and Eva in 1926. The young Yeats had been encouraged by them and entranced by their beauty. They are remembered in the poem as "Two girls in silk kimonos, both / beautiful, one a gazelle." Both later became involved in Irish nationalist politics, and Constance was sentenced to death for her part in the Easter Rising of 1916, though the sentence was subsequently commuted. Eva later became active in the Women's suffrage movement in Manchester, England.
In the poem, Yeats laments the loss, not only of their physical beauty, but of their spiritual beauty – their later politics were far removed from the romantic ideal of Ireland that he had had in their youth. The second stanza speaks of the futility of their struggle, both his and the sisters', when the real enemy is time itself: "The innocent and the beautiful / have no enemy but time."
# Johnson-Laird

Johnson-Laird may refer to:
* Johnson-Laird Inc.
* Andy Johnson-Laird
* Philip Johnson-Laird
# Charles S. Peirce Society

The Charles S. Peirce Society (CSPS) is an American organization which purpose is to enhance "study of and communication about the work of Charles S. Peirce and its ongoing influence in the many fields of intellectual endeavor to which he contributed". It was founded in 1946. Its Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, an academic quarterly specializing in pragmatism and American philosophy, has appeared since 1965.
# Bistra (Timiș)

The Bistra is a river in south-western Romania, in the Banat. It is a right tributary of the river Timiș. Its valley delimits the Țarcu Mountains to the south from the Poiana Ruscă mountains to the north. Its name is derived from a Slavic word meaning "fast-flowing".
The Bistra has its source in the Bistra Lake, located in the Țarcu Mountains, near Vârful Pietrei (2192 metres). It flows as a rapid river from south to north until it reaches the village of Bucova, where it changes direction and turns west. Its first major tributary is the Marga River; further down it collects the waters of the river Rusca. Before entering Oțelu Roșu, Bistra collects its greatest influx of waters, the Bistra Mărului. Near Ciuta, north of the town of Caransebeș, it flows into the Timiș. Its length is 60 km (37 mi) and its basin size is 919 km$^2$ (355 sq mi).
The Bistra flows through the villages Bucova, Băuțar, Voislova, Valea Bistrei, Zăvoi, Cireșa, Oțelu Roșu, Glimboca, Obreja and Ciuta.

## Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Bistra:
* Left: Pârâul Lupului, Bucovița, Marga, Bistra Mărului, Axin
* Right: Corni, Rusca, Valea Jghiabului, Valea Rugului, Ohaba, Glâmboca, Radina, Vârciorova
# Magnhild of Fulltofta

Magnhild of Fulltofta (died before 1228), is a Danish Roman Catholic local saint. She is one of the three female saints of Scania alongside Sissela of Borrby and Tora of Torekov, but she is the only one of them documented as an actual historical person.
Magnhild was described as a pious woman from Benarp who nursed the sick, and educated and provided for children. She was murdered by her daughter-in-law with an arrow. When her corpse was brought from Fulltofta home to Benarp, the coffin-carriers rested at Hästäng. There, a well appeared where they put down her coffin. After this, a chapel was erected by the well, and Magnhild, though never canonized by the pope, became the object of veneration.
The veneration of Magnhild is first mentioned in 1228. By then it was apparently a recent phenomenon, and she reportedly lived in the early 13th-century. In 1383, her remains were moved to Lund Cathedral.
# Hardi, Raebareli

Hardi is a village in Khiron block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 22 km from Lalganj, the tehsil headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,675 people, in 304 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Hardi as comprising 5 hamlets, with a total population of 660 people (335 male and 325 female), in 112 households and 111 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 416 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Hardi as having a population of 1,001 people, in 161 households, and having an area of 168.35 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.
# Caspar Ziegler

Caspar Ziegler, also Kaspar Ziegler, (15 September 1621 – 17 April 1690) was a German jurist, poet, hymnwriter and composer. He was the Rektor of the University of Wittenberg.

## Career

Ziegler was born in Leipzig the son of Caspar Ziegler sr., a lawyer and Prokonsul in the town council, and his wife Anna (née Walter, the widow of Johann Kürsten). He studied at the University of Leipzig.
In 1638, Ziegler was a Baccalaureus of philosophy, permitted to lecture at the university. His father requested him to move to the University of Wittenberg in 1641, where he heard lectures by August Buchner, Johannes Scharff [de], Johann Sperling and Nikolaus Pompejus [de]. As his parents wished him to study theology, he also studied with Hieronymus Kronmeyer and Johann Hülsemann. In November 1652, he began to study law in Leipzig with Polycarp Wirth and Andreas Eckholt. In 1655, he received the doctor's degree in law.
In 1654, he was appointed professor at the University of Wittenberg, at the same to the court. In 1661, he was appointed Rektor (director) of the University. He reorganized its library which had been destroyed during the Thirty Years' War.
He died in Wittenberg after an infection from a broken leg, and was buried in the Schlosskirche on 24 April 1690.

## Works

Some poems by Ziegler were set to music. He was a friend of the composers Johann Rosenmüller and Heinrich Schütz and collaborated with them. Ziegler wrote a treatise about madrigals, Von den Madrigalen, published in 1653, as requested by Schütz His poem "Ich freue mich in dir" (I rejoice in you) became a hymn and was the basis for Johann Sebastian Bach's chorale cantata for Christmas Ich freue mich in dir, BW 133.
Among his works are:
* Jesus oder zwanzig Elegien über Geburth, Leiden u. Auferstehung unseres Herrn. Leipzig 1648
* Von den Madrigalen ... Leipzig 1653, Wittenberg 1685 Online, Frankfurt am Main 1971
* De dote ecclesiae – diatribe canonica
* De iuribus Majestatis Wittenberg 1681
* Rabulistica sive de artibus rabulariis. Dresden 1685
* Notae et animadversiones Wittenberg 1686
# G4201 Wuhan Ring Expressway

The Wuhan Ring Expressway (Chinese: 武汉绕城高速公路), designated as G4201, is an 188-kilometre-long expressway (117 mi) in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The national motorway runs on parts of G4, G42, G50 and G70.
# Chaca

Chaca may refer to:

## Animals

* The catfish genus Chaca

## Places
### Spain

* An alternative spelling of the town Jaca, Spain

## Literature

* A character in The Emperor's New School

## People

* Kristian Menchaca, an American soldier who was killed in the Iraq War
# Indian Journal of Urology

The Indian Journal of Urology is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by Medknow Publications on behalf of the Urological Society of India. The journal cover research in urology, including oncology, sexual dysfunction, incontinence, endourology, trauma and reconstructive surgery, andrology, transplantation, imaging, and pathology.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases
* CAB Abstracts
* EBSCO databases
* Excerpta Medica/EMBASE
* Expanded Academic ASAP
* Pubmed Central
* Scopus
# Linsell Township, Marshall County, Minnesota

Linsell Township is a township in Marshall County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 36 at the 2000 census.
Linsell Township was organized in 1908, and named after a place in Sweden.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.8 square miles (93 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 36 people, 16 households, and 11 families residing in the township. The population density was 1.0 inhabitant per square mile (0.39/km$^2$). There were 34 housing units at an average density of 0.9 per square mile (0.35/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.
There were 16 households, out of which 18.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, and 31.3% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.73.
In the township the population was spread out, with 13.9% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 41.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 176.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 158.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,500, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $24,688 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,770. There were no families and 11.1% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# Inatel

Inatel is short for Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações, the National Institute of Communications of Brazil. The Institute is located on a 75,000 m$^2$ campus in Santa Rita do Sapucaí in southern Minas Gerais. Founded in 1965, it specializes in Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications education and research.
As of 2007, Inatel's monthly tuition was 950 reais, and about 5,000 students had graduated from the school.
The Institute sponsors the biennial International Workshop on Telecommunications held in odd-numbered years in Rio de Janeiro.
Researchers at Inatel publish and review technical papers for international conferences.
# Meirinhas

Meirinhas is a civil parish in the municipality of Pombal, Portugal. The population in 2021 was 1,649, in an area of 8.88 km².
It was part of the parish of Vermoil until the creation of Meirinhas on December 31, 1984.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1991 | 1,338 | — |
| 2001 | 1,732 | +29.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2011 | 1,775 | +2.5% |
| 2021 | 1,649 | −7.1% |
Source: :
# Lineatin

Lineatin is a pheromone produced by female striped ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum Olivier. These kinds of beetles are responsible for extensive damage of coniferous forest infestation in Europe and North America. Since lineatin can act as lures used for mass-trapping of T. lineatum, it is being studied to apply as a pest control reagent.

## Structure

Lineatin was first isolated in 1977 by MacConnell. The absolute configuration of the biologically active form was later determined as (+)-(1R,4S,5R,7R)-3,3,7-trimethyl-2,9- dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.0$^{4,7}$]nonane, whereas other enatinomers process no biological attraction activity.

## Total Synthesis

After the absolute structure was determined, lineatin quickly attracted considerable synthetic interests due to its natural occurrence, biological activity, and unique structural features. A few routes describing the total synthesis of lineatin was proposed with yields of 0.5–2%. Recently, a new total synthesis route that adopted a photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition approach to construct diastereoselective cyclobutene and a regiocontrolled oxymercuration reaction was proposed. This route achieved in synthesizing highly pure (+)-lineatin (> 99.5% ee) through 14 steps and resulted in 14% overall yield from a homochiral 2(5H)-furanone. (Figure 1 showed the basic outline of this approach).

## Biosynthesis

Lineatin is a monoterprene with unique tricyclic acetal structure. Most of the studies regarding lineatin were focused on the total synthesis; little attentions were put on its biosynthesis. It is suggested that lineatin is derived through oxidation and cyclization of a monoterponid precursor, but no experimental has been done on proving this route. Based on its partial structure similarity to iridoid class of terprenoids, here, a possible biosynthesis pathway was proposed and outlined in figure 2.
# J. E. Neale

Sir John Ernest Neale FBA (7 December 1890 in Liverpool – 2 September 1975) was an English historian who specialised in Elizabethan and Parliamentary history. From 1927 to 1956, he was the Astor Professor of English History at University College London.

## Academic career

Neale was trained by the political historian A. F. Pollard. His first professional appointment was the chair of Modern History at the University of Manchester, and he was then to succeed F. C. Montague as Astor Professor of English History at University College London in 1927. He was to hold this post until 1956. In 1955, Neale was knighted, and on 17 November 1958 he delivered a lecture in Washington, D.C. commemorating Elizabeth I's accession to the English throne four hundred years previously. From 1956, Neale was Professor Emeritus, but continued to do some academic teaching at University College London.
He died in 1975 and was buried in Harrogate Cemetery. He had married Elfreda Skelton of Harrogate, with whom he had a daughter, Stella.

## Historical views

Neale was the leading Elizabethan historian of his generation. In the opinion of fellow historian, and Neale's own graduate student, Patrick Collinson, Neale's biography of Elizabeth I "has yet to be bettered".
His painstaking research uncovered the political power of the gentry in The Elizabethan House of Commons (1949), whilst his 1948 Raleigh Lecture on ‘The Elizabethan political scene’ greatly expanded our knowledge of the politics of the reign. The two volumes on Elizabeth I and her Parliaments (1953 and 1957) explored the relationship between the Queen and her Parliaments. These were criticised by Sir Geoffrey Elton who claimed that the main preoccupation of these parliaments was the forming of Bills and the passing of Acts, not conflict between Crown and Parliament. Neale's claims that these parliaments were a landmark in the evolution of Parliament was criticised by medievalists such as J. S. Roskell. However Collinson notes that the conflicts which Neale wrote about did take place and that Neale's retelling of them made an exciting and unforgettable chapter in English history.
Neale is well known for his thesis on the Elizabethan Puritan Choir, in which he claimed that a group of Puritan MPs successfully managed to force Elizabeth's hand on many policy issues throughout her reign, including at the start. Neale is also recognised for his work in bringing to light new sources on Tudor England, and developing different ways of studying the period.

## Other positions held

* Trustee of the London Museum
* Member of the Editorial Board of the History of Parliament
* Fellow of the British Academy
* Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

## Works

* Queen Elizabeth (Jonathan Cape, 1934)
* The Age of Catherine de Medici (Jonathan Cape, 1943)
* The Elizabethan Political Scene (British Academy, 1948)
* The Elizabethan House of Commons (Jonathan Cape, 1949)
* Elizabeth I and her Parliaments, 1559-1581 (Jonathan Cape, 1953) vol. 1
* Elizabeth I and her Parliaments, 1584-1601 (Jonathan Cape, 1957) vol. 2
* Essays in Elizabethan History (Jonathan Cape, 1958)