OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radiation hybrid mapping

Radiation hybrid mapping (also known as RH mapping) is a technique for mapping mammalian chromosomes.
Radiation hybrid mapping consists of several steps. A radiation hybrid is "a cell or organism that contains fragments of chromosomes from a second organism".$^{:82}$ Radiation hybrids are generated by using X-rays to randomly break chromosomes into fragments, then implanting the fragments into non-irradiated rodent cells, which replicate and thus clone the chromosomes.
Then these clones are analyzed for the presence of certain DNA markers. If two given DNA markers are far apart on the initial chromosome, then it is likely that they will appear in distinct fragments. The frequency of the separation of the markers into different fragments is used to estimate the chromosomal distance between them. RH mapping has lower resolution than optical mapping, but is still of high enough resolution to be valuable. For example, the RH procedure was used to map 14 DNA probes from a region of human chromosome 21 spanning 20 megabase pairs. Radiation hybrid mapping was also used in constructing early physical maps of the human genome.
# Jean-Paul Abadie

Jean-Paul Abadie (born 18 February 1958) is a French chef. He was named "Chef of the Year" in 2004 by Gault et Millau and has two stars at the Guide Michelin since 2002.

## Training and career

Jean-Paul Abadie was born in Lannemezan in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées. In 1976, he graduated at the hotel school of Tarbes and began his professional career as a chef de partie at the Hôtel Trianon Palace in Versailles. In 1978, he arrived in Brittany and obtained job of chef de partie at the Sofitel of Quiberon.
It is in March 1985 that he founded his restaurant L'Amphytrion located in Lorient in the department of Morbihan, where he obtained his first Michelin star in 1990. He then obtained his second Michelin star in 2002. With a grade of 19/20 at the Gault et Millau, he was named "Chef of the Year" in 2004. His wife Véronique, who also worked at the restaurant L'Amphytrion and was in charge of the wine cave, was named best sommelier of the year by the Gault et Millau in 2009. The same year, Jean-Paul Abadie entered in the very closed circle of the famous chefs honored with 5 toques by the Gault et Millau.

## Culinary manner

The cooking philosophy of Jean-Paul Abadie is expressed in the natural work of the product and the refuse of the superfluous. According to the Gault et Millau, his cooking has a science of spices compared to the one of Olivier Roellinger and a subtility forcing on never forcing the taste.

## Personal life

Jean-Paul Abadie was married to Véronique Abadie, who died in 2012. The couple has two sons, Paul and Quentin, who is also a restaurateur at Lorient.

## Books

* Retour de Pêche. Menu Fretin. 2009. ISBN 9782917008096.
# Nun singe Lob, du Christenheit

"Nun singe Lob, du Christenheit" (Now sing praise, you christendom) is a Christian hymn by Georg Thurmair, set to a 1653 melody by Johann Crüger. It is a song of praise, focused on unity within the church. The hymn in five stanzas of for lines each was written in 1964, revised in 1967. It is part of the current Catholic hymnal Gotteslob as GL 487, in the section "Kirche – Ökumene" (Church - Ecumene).
The lyrics begin with a call to christendom to sing praise to Father, Son and Spirit, who is always good. The second stanza reflects that he gives peace, joy, holiness and unity to his church. The third stanza prays that he may make us like siblings who delight in harmony ("der Eintracht uns erfreun"), and who renew Christianity as a mirror of his love. The fourth stanza addresses the Good Shepherd to assist his church in achieving one faith in one Lord. The final stanza addresses the Lord to make us faithful, free in the truth ("in der Wahrheit treu", so that our love may testify unity.
The melody by Johann Crüger was used for other hymns, originally "Nun danket all und bringet Ehr".
# Portia, Missouri

Portia is an unincorporated community in Vernon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Portia was established in 1894, and remained in operation until 1903. The community may be named after Portia, the heroine of William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.
# Megachile trigonaspis

Megachile trigonaspis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Schrottky in 1913.
# Rhogogaster punctulata

Rhogogaster punctulata is a species of sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae.

## Description

Rhogogaster punctulata can reach a length of 10–12 millimetres (0.39–0.47 in). Body and head are bright green. This sawfly bears on the head a black drawing in the form of the Greek letter omega and very small black dots along the sides of the abdominal segments. The black markings on the top of the abdomen are absent or quite reduced. Like other sawflies, this species lack the slender "wasp-waist" between the thorax and abdomen. Similar species are Rhogogaster viridis, that shows evident black marks on the upper surface of the abdomen. Adults can mostly be encountered from May through July.

## Biology

They mainly feed on small insects, while larvae are polyphagous, feeding on the leaves of a variety of trees and shrubs.

## Distribution and habitat

It is widespread in most of Europe. It can be found along hedgerows and woodland rides.
# Old Dunstonian Association

Old Dunstonian Association (ODA) is the alumni organisation for former pupils and staff of St Dunstan's College. The association sponsors a number of events for its members and several sports clubs which members can join. The Association and its constituent clubs are run by voluntary, unpaid Boards and Committees. The sports clubs each have their own separate membership and subscription arrangements. The ODA welcomes all former members of the St. Dunstan’s community to join us.

## Old Dunstonian Sport LTD

Formal OD clubs exist for a number of different sports. Some like those for Rugby and Cricket are long-established with a regular fixture list and their own programmes of off-the-field events, others draw their members together to fulfil occasional fixtures.
The OD Clubhouse and Ground at Park Langley is home for these clubs and is run by a formal limited company, the OD Sports Club Limited. The company is responsible for running the Clubhouse and Ground and their finances, for the continuing maintenance and development of the facilities, and for appointing and supervising non-OD sports clubs to whom it grants licence arrangements for their use of the Clubhouse & Ground. Limited.

## Notable Old Dunstonians

* Matthew d'Ancona, former editor of The Spectator and columnist for the Sunday Telegraph
* William Boon FRS, chemist
* Brian Brolly, showbusiness entrepreneur, and co-founder of the radio stations Jazz FM and Classic FM
* Sir William Castell LVO, Chairman of the Wellcome Trust and a Director of General Electric and BP
* The Rt Hon The Lord Drayson, PC, businessman, entrepreneur and former Defence Minister for Procurement
* Martin Evans, Nobel Prize winner for his work in the field of genetics
* Michael Geliot, opera and theatre director, former Director of Productions for Welsh National Opera
* Michael Grade, CBE, Baron Grade of Yarmouth, Executive Chairman of ITV
* Hubert Gregg, broadcaster, writer, stage actor
* The Very Revd John Hall, Dean of Westminster
* The Rt Revd Dr David Jenkins, former Bishop of Durham
* Frederick Henry Johnson, VC, recipient of the Victoria Cross in the First World War
* Sir Paul Judge, business man
* Sir Stephen Laws KCB, QC, former First Parliamentary Counsel
* The Very Revd Ivan Neill, Chaplain General of the British Army and Provost of Sheffield
* Steve Nieve (né Steve Nason), musician, Elvis Costello and the Attractions
* Matt Salter, former captain of Bristol Rugby
* Robert Stanford Tuck, DSO, DFC, fighter pilot and test pilot
* Chuka Umunna, Liberal Democrat MP for Streatham
* Clifford Wilcock, OBE, engineer and politician
* Dave Gelly, OBE, musician, journalist, critic and author
# Olympic BMX Centre

The Olympic BMX Centre is a cycling venue, constructed for the BMX racing events at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The surface was supplied by GreenSet.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "BMX Cycling". Rio 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
* ↑ "Olympic BMX Centre". Rio 2016. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
* ↑ "BMX at Rio 2016". UCI. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
# Maurice Anderson

Lieutenant-Colonel William Maurice E Anderson MD, DSO (often referred to as Bill Anderson despite the fact he went by the name of Maurice), joined the British 6th Airborne Division in 1943, and became CO of the 195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance. (1)(4)

## Biography

On D-Day he arrived at Ranville, France by glider and was wounded by sniper fire two days later at Longueval (2). He recovered (unlike the sniper, who was killed by a Royal Ulster Rifleman) and subsequently participated in the Ardennes offensive (the Battle of the Bulge) and Rhine crossings (Operation Varsity). In the latter operation his unit saw around 400 casualties during the 30 hours after landing. In 1945 he was part of the force that liberated Belsen and shook hands with the Russians on the banks of the River Elbe (3). He was then invited to form the No2 Medical Commando with a view to fighting the Japanese, but this was cancelled by the subsequent bombing and surrender of Japan.
He died 13 December 1986 aged 78, succeeded by one son – Lieutenant-Colonel (Retd) William Robert George ("Robin") Anderson.
Lieutenant-Colonel W.M.E. Anderson (63162) D.S.O. Citation:
At Hamminkeln on 24 March 1945, Lieutenant-Colonel Anderson was in command of 195 Airlanding Field Ambulance, which collected, treated and held over four hundred casualties for well over thirty hours. Conditions were difficult at first due to sustained enemy fire and later on due to limited accommodation and numbers of casualties mounting rapidly, but Colonel Anderson dealt so decisively and actively with each difficulty that at no time was the well being of the patients endangered. At no time did he allow enemy activity which was particularly violent during the early stages to interfere with the cool and skilful exercise of his duties.
At Longueval, Normandy on 10 June 1944, the Regimental Aid Post of the 1st Royal Ulster Rifles was attacked by a company of enemy infantry, several patients loaded on jeeps being killed and wounded. Colonel Anderson although himself badly wounded by the first burst of fire, organised and personally assisted the removal of the patients to cover. He afterwards led the convoy through the enemy lines and not until reaching his Main Dressing Station would he allow his wound to be dressed.
Throughout the campaign BLA, whether in France, the Ardennes or Germany, this officer has shown a consistently high standard of gallantry and devotion to duty.
# Northern Ireland Electoral Identity Card

The Northern Ireland Electoral Identity Card is a photographic identity card issued by the Electoral Office for Northern Ireland, used primarily to prove the holder's identity when voting at a polling station in Northern Ireland.
The card's primary purpose is for proving identity and age at polling stations, but is also accepted by banks for proof of identity. In addition, most clubs, pubs, and retailers that sell alcohol accept the card as valid proof of age across Northern Ireland.
The UK Government confirmed the Northern Ireland Electoral Identity Card will also be accepted in mainland UK when mandatory ID for voting comes into effect.
# Indoor rowing at the 2017 World Games – Men's Open 500 metres

The men's open 500 metres event in indoor rowing at the 2017 World Games took place on the 27 July 2017 at the Multifunctional Hall in Jelcz-Laskowice.

## Results

GR = Games Record
| Rank | Athlete | NOC | Time | Notes |
| | Anton Bonkarenko | Ukraine | 1:12.1 | GR |
| | Phil Clapp | Great Britain | 1:12.9 | |
| | Pavel Shurmei | Belarus | 1:14.1 | |
| 4 | Vaclav Zitta | Czech Republic | 1:14.3 | |
| 5 | Bartosz Zablocki | Poland | 1:14.6 | |
| 6 | Bendegúz Pétervári-Molnár | Hungary | 1:15.8 | |
| 7 | Ivan Saric | Germany | 1:16.4 | |
| 8 | Jordan Weide | Canada | 1:16.6 | |
| 9 | David Aregger | Switzerland | 1:16.9 | |
| 10 | Antonio Zonta | Italy | 1:17.0 | |
| 11 | Henk Pretorius | South Africa | 1:17.5 | |
| 12 | Georgios Gioupis | Greece | 1:18.5 | |
| 13 | Mario Santer | Austria | 1:19.5 | |
# Megachile tridentata

Megachile tridentata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Ashmead in 1900.
# Olivocerebellar tract

The olivocerebellar tract, also known as olivocerebellar fibers, are neural fibers which originate at the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphe nucleus, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise.
They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbing fiber input system.
# Constituency W-336

Constituency W-336 is a reserved Constituency for female in the Provincial Assembly of Punjab.
# Mr India 2014

Provogue MensXP Mr India World 2014 was the sixth edition of Mister World India pageant held in Mumbai on May 8, 2014. Fourteen contestants from all over India were chosen as finalists to compete in the main event in Mumbai. 25 years old Prateik Jain from Bangalore was declared Provogue MensXP Mr India World 2014. 25 years old Puneet Beniwal from New Delhi was declared 1st Runner Up and 23 years old Bharat Raj from Chennai was declared 2nd Runner Up.

## Final results
### Color key

* Declared as Winner
* Ended as Runner-up
* Ended as one of the Finalists or Semi-finalists
* Unplaced
| Final Results | Candidate | International Placements |
| Mister India World 2014 | Prateik Jain | Top 10 |
| 1st Runner-up | Puneet Beniwal |
| 2nd Runner-up | Bharat Raj |
| Top 5 | Pankaj Mundra Karthik S Shivayanmath |

## Special awards

* Special Awards Mr World India 2014
| Special Award | contestant |
| Provogue MenxXP Mr Iron Man | Prateik Jain |
| Provogue MensXP Mr Taleanted | Pankaj Mundra |

## Judges

* Arjun Rampal
* Arjan Bajwa
* Manish Malhotra
* Rocky S
* Elli Avram

## Finalists

* Fourteen finalists were shortlisted from all over India to compete in the main event.
| Contestant | Age | City |
| Abhijeet Singh | 26 | Jamshedpur |
| Arjun Kumar | 23 | Mumbai |
| Atul Kumar Tripathi | 26 | Bangalore |
| Bharat Raj | 23 | Chennai |
| Gurfateh Singh | 18 | Mumbai |
| Huzefa Talib | 26 | Bangalore |
| Karthik S Shivayanmath | 25 | Bangalore |
| Karan Kharas | 21 | Mumbai |
| Monik Gupta | 26 | Mumbai |
| Pankaj Mundra | 23 | Mumbai |
| Prateik Jain | 25 | Bangalore |
| Puneet Beniwal | 25 | New Delhi |
| Sahil Shah | 24 | Mumbai |
| Swapnil Kulkarni | 25 | Pune |
# History of rail transport in Brazil

The history of rail transport in Brazil dates back to 1835. In that year, Brazil's first Imperial decree was assigned to authorize a railroad which would connect Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Bahia, São Paulo and Rio Grande provinces and the main station would be in the Neutral Municipality (Corte) of Rio de Janeiro. However, the first railway line, with a gauge of 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in), was completed between the port of Mauá, in Guanabara Bay in the then province of Rio de Janeiro, and Fragoso, north of the Guanaraba Bay. Three steam locomotives made in England by William Fairbairn & Sons - which the more famous is the "Baroneza", hauled the trains on this 14 km (8.7 mi) short line.
Soon afterwards, the line was extended to Raiz da Serra. Thirty years later, the railway company Estrada de Ferro Príncipe do Grão Pará further extended the line up into the mountains as far as Petrópolis. During this period, many railway lines were constructed and put into operation in Brazil by regional train operating companies.
The establishment of a superior, state railway company took place in 1957. On 16 March of that year, Rede Ferroviária Federal, Sociedade Anônima (RFFSA) was founded in a merger of 18 (later 19) individual regional companies. The RFFSA route network was used for both passenger and freight trains. Between 1996 and 1998, RFFSA was privatized, and in 2007 it was finally dissolved. During the privatisation and dissolution process, the RFFSA's route network was regionalised and licensed for operation by private companies.
# Namba Line

Namba Line may refer to either of the following railway lines in Osaka Prefecture, Japan:
* Kintetsu Namba Line, a railway line connecting Osaka Namba Station and Osaka Uehommachi Station
* Hanshin Namba Line, a railway line connecting Osaka Namba Station and Amagasaki Station
# Kasevälja

Kasevälja is a village in Alutaguse Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia.
# Indoor rowing at the 2017 World Games – Women's Open 2000 metres

The women's open 2000 metres event in indoor rowing at the 2017 World Games took place on the 26 July 2017 at the Multifunctional Hall in Jelcz-Laskowice.

## Results

WR = World Record
| Rank | Athlete | NOC | Time | Notes |
| | Olena Buryak | Ukraine | 6:22.8 | WR |
| | Cecilia Velin | Sweden | 6:38.2 | |
| | Magdalena Lobnig | Austria | 6:40.8 | |
| 4 | Pavlena Zizkova | Czech Republic | 6:52.1 | |
| 5 | Nicola Lawless | Great Britain | 6:58.3 | |
| 6 | Beatrix Fekete | Hungary | 7:03.5 | |
| 7 | Luisa Neerschulte | Germany | 7:06.9 | |
| 8 | Yeri Park | South Korea | 7:20.3 | |
| 9 | Jessica Borg Ghigo | Malta | 7:25.1 | |
# John Watts (British Army officer)

Lieutenant General Sir John Peter Barry Condliffe Watts, KBE, CB, MC (27 August 1930 – 10 December 2003) was a British Army officer who became Chief of Defence Staff for the Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces.

## Military career

Educated at Westminster School, Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Watts was commissioned into the Royal Ulster Rifles in 1951. He served with 22 Special Air Service Regiment and, as commander of B Squadron, took part in counter-terrorism operations in Borneo in 1958 and then, as commander of D Squadron, in the regiment's successful assault on Jebel Akhdar in Oman in January 1959. The dissidents there were largely captured or dispersed and for his achievement in scaling the mountain he was awarded the Military Cross.
Watts was appointed commanding officer of 22 Special Air Service Regiment in 1970, an instructor at the Staff College, Camberley, in 1972 and Director SAS in 1975. He went on to be commander of the Sultan of Oman's Land Forces in 1979 and Chief of Defence Staff for the Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces in 1984, before retiring in 1987.
In retirement Watts read history and lived in a village in Wiltshire.

## Family

Watts was married to Mary Flynn; they had four sons and three daughters before the marriage was dissolved in 1986. He subsequently married Diana Walker.
# James Johns (politician)

James Arthur Johns (3 August 1893 – 17 August 1959) was a New Zealand-born Australian politician.
He was born at Millers Flat, Otago, to storekeeper Ezekiel Johns and Annie Cousins. He attended Otago High School and qualified as a pharmacist in 1912. In 1914 he migrated to Sydney, and served with the Australian Imperial Force. After a year working as a pharmacist in Britain, he returned to Australia, and on 7 April 1920 married Gladys May Fort, with whom he had a daughter. He worked as a pharmacist and in 1929 moved to Maffra in Victoria. From 1942 to 1954 he served on Maffra Shire Council. Although initially a member of the Country Party, in 1945 he joined the Labor Party and was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Gippsland North. He was defeated in 1947. Johns retired from work in 1957 and died in Maffra in 1959.
# Megachile trizonata

Megachile trizonata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Yan-Ru Wu in 2005.
# Constantine 2 University

The Université Constantine 2, in Arabic "جامع قسنطينة 2 عبد الحميد مهري", is a university in Constantine, Algeria founded in November 2011.
# Om (Niklas Strömstedt song)

"Om" is a song by Swedish singer-songwriter Niklas Strömstedt from his fourth studio album of the same name (1990).

## Track listing and formats

* European 7-inch single
    A. "Om" – 4:06
    B. "Stanna kvar!" – 3:42

## Credits and personnel

* Niklas Strömstedt – songwriter, producer, vocals, arranger
* Bernard Löhr – producer, arranger, engineering
* Mikael Jansson – cover art, photographer
* Mikael Varhelyi – cover art designer
Credits and personnel adapted from the Om! album and 7-inch single liner notes.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Om" :
| Chart (1990) | Peak position |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 7 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |

## Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for "Om" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 25,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Mayank Shekhar

Mayank Shekhar is an Indian film critic, journalist and author. He has been a film critic and a national cultural editor with Hindustan Times. He previously worked under Mumbai Mirror and MiD DAY. He also used to write a blog, Fad For Thought, at the Hindustan Times website. Currently, his reviews appear on his website theW14.com and also at the Dainik Bhaskar in different languages. He is the editorial head of Mid-Day entertainment and the host of the online talk show Sit with Hitlist. He is also an advisory member for the Central Board of Film Certification.

## Early life and education

Shekhar completed his schooling from Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram, Delhi in 1998 and thereafter graduated in Economics from St. Stephen's College, Delhi, in 2001 and moved to Mumbai thereafter. He currently resides at Chembur.

## Career

Shekhar moved to Mumbai after his studies and started his career as film journalist, eventually he came to head the features team at Mumbai Mirror for two years and was also part of the Mid-Day features team for four years.
In 2006, Bombay Talkies, a book authored by Shekhar was published by Frog Books. The book is a compilation of film reviews written by Shekhar from 2004 to 2005. In a review, Bollywood Hungama wrote that the book "qualifies more as his [Shekhar's] personal portfolio or his extended resume."
Shekhar is a member of the Central Board of Film Certification.
Shekhar has gained popularity for his film reviews. According to Rediff, Shekhar belongs to breed of film critics who "bring sense, and a measure of cinematic sensibility, to their writing". He has been the recipient of a number of awards. In 2004, he was one of 21 recipients of the 5th "Young Achievers Awards" by the Indo-American Film Society for his work as a film critic. In 2007 he was awarded with the Ramnath Goenka Award for Excellence in Journalism. In 2021, he won the Best Talk Show Host award for his online show Sit with Hitlist at the 5th Annual Talentrack Awards.
He currently runs a cinema website called theW14.com.
He has authored a book, Name Place Animal Thing. The Telegraph described it as "a collection of essays on a number of aspects of popular Indian culture - ranging from cinema and drinking to politics and music - that are often glossed over".
# North Arm (disambiguation)

North Arm is a settlement on East Falkland.
North Arm may also refer to:
* North Arm, New South Wales
* North Arm, Queensland, a town and locality in Australia
* North Arm and North Arm Creek, in Barker Inlet, South Australia
* North Arm Bridge, an extradosed bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
* North Arm Cove, New South Wales
# Ron Charles

Ron Charles may refer to:
* Ron Charles (basketball) (born 1959), American basketball player
* Ron Charles (critic) (born 1962), American literary critic
# Meg the Lady (novel)

Meg the Lady is a 1905 melodramatic novel by the British writer Tom Gallon. In 1916 it was adapted into a film of the same title directed by Maurice Elvey.