OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Social Animal (Aronson book)

The Social Animal is an APA-medal winning book about social psychology by Elliot Aronson. Originally published in 1972, The Social Animal is currently in its twelfth edition. In a style written for the general audience, the book covers what modern psychology knows about the reasons for some of the most important aspects of human behavior.

## Contents

Aronson begins the book by citing a number of scenarios, real and constructed—reactions to the Kent State shootings, the Stanford prison experiments, and a four-year-old boy given a drum set among them—that illustrate a variety of human behaviors seen in real life. The rest of the book is spent primarily on explaining how human minds operate and interact with each other, using these situations as examples. The book covering topics include the causes of prejudice, aggression, and cognitive dissonance.
In explaining the reasons why people behave in unusual ways, Aronson cites his "first law":
   People who do crazy things are not necessarily crazy.

## Style and use of experimental method

As a scientist, Aronson leans on the importance of case work and experimental study. Thus, the Social Animal's explanations of human behavior are largely validated with citations of studies done by researchers of social psychology. Throughout the book, Aronson relies on the use of controlled experiments to validate empirical observation.
# Julie Parrish

Julie Parrish (born Ruby Joyce Wilbar; October 21, 1940 – October 1, 2003) was an American actress.

## Early life

Parrish was born Ruby Joyce Wilbar on October 21, 1940, in Middlesboro, Kentucky, to William Robert "Bob" Wilbar and Gladys Wilbar (née Gladys Marie Webb). She had five younger siblings, sisters Barbara, Janice, and Liza, and brothers James and Robert. Julie was of English descent. After graduating from high school in Tecumseh, Michigan she began attending the Patricia Stevens Modeling School, and studied at the University of Toledo.

## Career

Parrish first appeared as an actress in the Jerry Lewis movies It's Only Money (1962) and The Nutty Professor (1963), and in a small role in Harlow (1965). After some guest appearances on television series, and roles in films such as Winter A-Go-Go (1965) and Fireball 500 (1966), she co-starred with Elvis Presley in Paradise, Hawaiian Style (1966). Her later film credits included roles in The Doberman Gang (1972) and The Devil and Max Devlin (1981), as well TV movies such as The Time Machine (1978) and The Last Fling (1987).
Parrish also made guest appearances in many television series such as Death Valley Days, Gunsmoke (“The Warden” in 1964), My Three Sons, Family Affair, Star Trek, Bonanza, Murder, She Wrote, Capitol and Beverly Hills, 90210. She had lead roles on several television soap operas and was the female lead in the short-lived 1967 CBS Television sitcom, Good Morning World.
Parrish's theater credits include Absence of a Cello and Memo. In Los Angeles, she received an L.A. Drama Critics Award for her portrayal of Maggie in Arthur Miller's After the Fall.

## Education

Parrish later earned an undergraduate degree in Chemical Dependencies Counseling, and worked at the Haven Hills Shelter for Battered Women.

## Death

After a 10-year battle with ovarian cancer, she died of complications from the disease in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 62, on October 1, 2003.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1962 | It's Only Money | Bridalshop Saleslady | Uncredited |
| 1963 | The Nutty Professor | College Student | |
| 1965 | Harlow | Serena Harrison | Uncredited |
| 1965 | Winter A-Go-Go | Dee Dee | |
| 1965 | Boeing Boeing | Pretty Girl | Uncredited |
| 1966 | Paradise, Hawaiian Style | Joanna | |
| 1966 | Fireball 500 | Martha | |
| 1972 | The Doberman Gang | June | |
| 1978 | The Time Machine | Salem Quaker | TV movie |
| 1981 | The Devil and Max Devlin | Sheila | |
| 1998 | The Politics of Desire | Audience Member #8 | (final film role) |

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1966 | Star Trek: The Original Series | Miss Piper | S1:E11-E12, "The Menagerie" |
| 1967-1968 | Good Morning World | Linda Lewis | 26 episodes |
# Calum Colvin

Calum Colvin OBE RSA (born Glasgow, 1961) is a Scottish artist whose work combines photography, painting, and installation, and often deals with issues of Scottish identity and culture and with the history of art. He has had solo exhibitions at the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Scottish National Portrait Gallery, and Royal Scottish Academy and has a number of works in the collections of the National Galleries of Scotland, Tate Galleries, and the British Council. He is also Professor of Fine Art Photography and Programme Director, Art & Media at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design, part of the University of Dundee.

## Life and work

Colvin studied at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee from 1979 to 1983, gaining a diploma in sculpture, and at the Royal College of Art, London from 1983 to 1985, where he was awarded an MA in photography.
His art generally involves taking a roomful of objects and painting a design on them so that when seen from one particular viewpoint it appears to form a flat image in a trompe-l'œil style. However, when seen from any other viewpoint the illusion would be broken. Colvin then takes photographs of the room from the particular viewpoint that preserves the illusion and exhibits the photograph. This means that at first glance the viewer thinks they see a flat image and only gradually can pick out the details revealing they are seeing a three-dimensional scene.
His images are full of bright colours, and he initially worked with the Cibachrome colour process, commonly used in advertising and commercial photography.
His exhibition Ossian Fragments of Ancient Poetry (2002) was inspired by James Macpherson's fraudulent works attributed to the ancient Celtic poet Ossian. His exhibition Natural Magic (2009), took its title from David Brewster's Letters on Natural Magic; Brewster pioneered photography in Scotland as well as inventing the kaleidoscope and other optical devices. Colvin played with ideas about illusions and vision, including examining claims that Renaissance artist Jacopo Chimenti had invented stereoscopic images. The exhibition received a five star review from The Scotsman.

## Exhibitions

* The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, 1993. Inspired by Hieronymous Bosch.
* Sacred and Profane, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, 1998
* Ossian Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Scottish National Portrait Gallery, 2002
* Natural Magic, Royal Scottish Academy, 2009
* Burnsiana, 2013. Exhibition and book produced in collaboration with poet Rab Wilson.

## Permanent collections

Colvin's work is held in the following permanent collections:
* National Galleries of Scotland collection, including a portrait of composer James MacMillan and versions of Peter Paul Rubens's The Feast of Herod and Titian's Venus Anadyomene.
* British Council
* Tate Galleries.

## Awards

* Member of the Royal Scottish Academy
* OBE, 2001, for his contribution to the visual arts
# Cooper's Green

Cooper's Green is a village in the civil parish of Buxted in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. Its nearest town is Uckfield, which lies approximately 1.3 miles (2.1 km) south-west from the village.
* This East Sussex location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Jaydia smithi

Jaydia smithi, Smith's cardinalfish , is a species of ray-finned fish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans, a member of the family Apogonidae. It has colonised the eastern Mediterranean Sea by way of the Suez Canal since 2007.

## Description

J. smithi has a slightly compressed, oblong body with two dorsal fins, the first having a deeply notched membrane with the third and fourth spines being the longest. The second dorsal fin is much taller than the first. The anal fin starts slightly behind the front edge of second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is rounded, but may be truncated. The mouth is slightly oblique and terminal, and stretches back to line up with the rear margin of the large eye. The preoperculum edge is serrated, with three to seven flat, small serrations at the angle of the lower rear border. The scales are large and finely ctenoid. The lateral line has 24-26 scales and the one or two scales at the base of the caudal fin lack pores. It is light tan in colour, becoming paler towards the whitish belly, with five or six faint, dark bars which fade completely in larger specimens. The front portion of the front dorsal fin is black with a series of black dots forming a line on the lower third of the rear dorsal fin. The outer margins of the second dorsal and the rear margins of the caudal fins are black. The pectoral fins and pelvic fins are transparent, darkening from white to light grey as the animal grows. Normally between 4–10 cm in length, they have a maximum length of 15 cm.

## Distribution

J. smithi has an Indo-Pacific distribution from the Red Sea to the Marshall Islands, north to Taiwan and south to Indonesia. It was first recorded in the Mediterranean Sea off Jaffa, Israel, in 2007 and it has since become established all the way to the Anatolian coast of Turkey and off Egypt. It was likely introduced from the Red Sea, via the Suez Canal.

## Biology

Smith's cardinalfish is a nocturnal species that hides among rocks and reefs during the day and emerges at night to feed on invertebrates over sandy to muddy substrate at depths of 30–50 m. It spawns during the warmer months and is a mouthbrooding species, which shows pairing behavior during courtship and spawning; the males are responsible for incubating the eggs. An organ produces bioluminescence in the abdomen.

## Name

The specific name honours the South African ichthyologist James Leonard Brierley Smith (1897-1968), who in 1961 wrote a monograph on the cardinalfishes of the Indian Ocean in which he proposed the genus Jaydia.
# The Market of Life

The Market of Life (German: Jahrmarkt des Lebens) is a 1928 German silent film directed by Béla Balogh and starring Gustav Fröhlich, Hans Mierendorff and Vera Schmiterlöw. The film's sets were designed by the art director Karl Machus. It was released in Britain in 1929.

## Cast

* Gustav Fröhlich
* Hans Mierendorff
* Vera Schmiterlöw
* Egon von Jordan
* Robert Scholz
* Eva Speyer
* Arnold Korff
* Gerhard Ritterband
* Hertha von Walther
* Alfred Abel
* Wilhelm Diegelmann
* Maria Hofen
* Hermann Picha
# Japan Energy Griffins

The Japan Energy Griffins were a Japanese basketball team that played in the Japan Basketball League. They were based in Tokyo.

## Notable players

* Shigeaki Abe
* Yoshihiko Amano
* Mike Boyd (basketball, born 1972)
* Corey Gaines
* Alfred Grigsby
* Kenichi Imaizumi
* Takatoshi Ishibashi
* Akira Kodama
* Mototaka Kohama
* Koju Munakata
* Kunihiko Nakamura
* Setsuo Nara
* Tetsurō Noborisaka
* Kenji Okamura
* Yasukuni Ōshima
* Eric Reveno
* Hiroshi Saitō
* Satoshi Sakumoto
* Kiyomi Sato
* Masashi Shiga
* Shūtarō Shōji
* Alex Stivrins
* Kimikazu Suzuki
* Tomohide Utsumi
* Howard Wright

## Coaches

* John Patrick (basketball)
# Nemateleotris helfrichi

Nemateleotris helfrichi, Helfrich's Dartfish, is a species of dartfish native to the Pacific Ocean.

## Description

They are small fishes that grow to a maximum length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in). They have bright yellow head with purple forehead with purple and white shades on body. They have 7 dorsal spines 28-31 dorsal soft rays and 1 anal spine 26-28 anal soft rays.

## Distribution and habitat

They are present in the Pacific Ocean between latitudes 16°N and 28°S. Their range extends from Indonesia to Tuamotu Archipelago. They prefer deeper waters than other Nemateleotris. They are found swimming a few meters above the water bed. They are found at a depths between and are rarely found above 40 metres (130 ft).

## Diet

They are carnivorous. N. helfrichi mainly feed on zooplanktons, amphipods, copepods, small crustaceans and shrimp larvae. They are said to lose their bright colour if their dietary requirements are not met.

## Behaviour

The species is monogamous and are usually found in pairs. They are territorial and will fight with conspecifics unless they are a pair. The species is shy and hides in small caves when threatened.

## In the aquarium

Due to their bright colour they are very popular as a marine aquarium fish. They are also more delicate and rare form than other more common firefish species (as evidenced by their price) and should be kept by marine-aquarists of intermediate expertise or higher.

## Name

The specific name honours Philip Helfrich, an Emeritus Director and Researcher, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (University of Hawaii), and the director of the Eniwetok Marine Biological Laboratory, who collected some of the first specimens of this species.
# NOSM (disambiguation)

NOSM is an acronym and may refer to:
* The Northern Ontario School of Medicine, a medical school in Ontario, Canada
* The Navy Occupation Service Medal, an American military award
* The graffiti name of Davide Perre, a New York artist
# Jean-René Saulière

Jean-René Saulière (also René Saulière) (Bordeaux, 6 September 1911 – 2 January 1999) was a French anarcho-pacifist, individualist anarchist and freethought writer and militant who went under the pseudonym André Arru.

## Biography

Arru was born in Bordeaux on 6 September 1911. In 1914 his family moves to Paris. When he was 20 years old he entered obligatory military service with anti-militarist positions. In 1933 he assists to a conference by prominent French orator and militant Sébastien Faure which he describes in his own words as a "revelation" and afterwards he embraces anarchism and starts to participate in anarchist groups. During 1938 and 1939, he participated in solidarity with anti-fascist sides of the Spanish Civil War, and in 1939, he started his activities as an orator and writer with a conference on Max Stirner and his book The Ego and His Own, an author which would influence his thought profoundly.
When World War II started Andre Arru went underground, changing his name from Saulière to Arru and moving from Bordeaux to Marseilles. He helped form an anarchist group alongside the prominent exile Russian anarchist Volin and participated inside the French resistance movement. After the war Arru became the general secretary for the French section of International Antifascist Solidarity. In the 1950s, he participated in the establishment of the francophone Anarchist Federation.
In addition to his pacifist militancy, he was an active organizer of the publications Libre Pensée and the quarterly review (1969-1980) La libre pensée des Bouches-du-Rhône. During the late 1950s he establishes inside the Fédération des Libres Penseurs des Bouches du Rhône, the Group Francisco Ferrer and in 1959 he joins the Union des Pacifistes de France (Union of Pacifists of France). From 1968 to 1982, Arru alongside the members of the Group Francisco Ferrer publishes La Libre Pensée des Bouches du Rhône. This publication included writings by authors such as Charles-Auguste Bontemps, Giovanni Baldelli, Jean Champagne, Jeanne Humbert, Albert Joël, Imbert-Nergal, Roger Monclin, Alain Kersauze, Albert Potvin, and Francis Ronsin.
Arru was a member, since 1983, of the organization ADMD (Association pour le Droit à Mourir dans la Dignité) (Association for the Right to a Death with Dignity) which campaigned for voluntary euthanasia. He ended his life voluntarily, at age 87.
# Call 911

Call 911 may refer to:
* Call 911 (song)
* Call 911 (TV series)
# Hale Soygazi

Hale Soygazi (born 21 September 1950) is a Turkish actress and beauty pageant titleholder.

## Biography

She was born on 21 September in Istanbul, Turkey in 1950. She studied French philology at the university. She was chosen as 'Miss Turkey' in 1973 and also did modeling for magazines. She made her film debut in a leading role in Kara Murat opposite famous actor Cüneyt Arkın. In 1978, she won her first Golden Orange award for her leading role in Maden.
She was married to folk singer Ahmet Özhan who acted with her in Çocuğumu İstiyorum, but they divorced later. Then she married Murat Belge.
# Cherikovsky Uyezd

Cherikovsky Uyezd (Чериковский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Mogilev Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Cherykaw.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Cherikovsky Uyezd had a population of 150,277. Of these, 89.6% spoke Belarusian, 8.6% Yiddish, 0.7% Russian, 0.4% Polish, 0.3% Ukrainian, 0.2% Lithuanian and 0.1% Latvian as their native language.
# Probalign

Probalign is a sequence alignment tool that calculates a maximum expected accuracy alignment using partition function posterior probabilities. Base pair probabilities are estimated using an estimate similar to Boltzmann distribution. The partition function is calculated using a dynamic programming approach.

## Algorithm

The following describes the algorithm used by probalign to determine the base pair probabilities.

### Alignment score

To score an alignment of two sequences two things are needed:
* a similarity function $\sigma (x,y)$ (e.g. PAM, BLOSUM,...)
* affine gap penalty: $g(k)=\alpha +\beta k$
The score $S(a)$ of an alignment a is defined as:
$S(a)=\sum _{x_{i}-y_{j}\in a}\sigma (x_{i},y_{j})+{\text{gap cost}}$
Now the boltzmann weighted score of an alignment a is:
$e^{\frac {S(a)}{T}}=e^{\frac {\sum _{x_{i}-y_{j}\in a}\sigma (x_{i},y_{j})+{\text{gap cost}}}{T}}=\left(\prod _{x_{i}-y_{i}\in a}e^{\frac {\sigma (x_{i},y_{j})}{T}}\right)\cdot e^{\frac {gapcost}{T}}$
Where $T$ is a scaling factor.
The probability of an alignment assuming boltzmann distribution is given by
$Pr[a|x,y]={\frac {e^{\frac {S(a)}{T}}}{Z}}$
Where $Z$ is the partition function, i.e. the sum of the boltzmann weights of all alignments.

### Dynamic programming

Let $Z_{i,j}$ denote the partition function of the prefixes $x_{0},x_{1},...,x_{i}$ and $y_{0},y_{1},...,y_{j}$. Three different cases are considered:
* $Z_{i,j}^{M}:$ the partition function of all alignments of the two prefixes that end in a match.
* $Z_{i,j}^{I}:$ the partition function of all alignments of the two prefixes that end in an insertion $(-,y_{j})$.
* $Z_{i,j}^{D}:$ the partition function of all alignments of the two prefixes that end in a deletion $(x_{i},-)$.
Then we have: $Z_{i,j}=Z_{i,j}^{M}+Z_{i,j}^{D}+Z_{i,j}^{I}$

#### Initialization

The matrixes are initialized as follows:
* $Z_{0,j}^{M}=Z_{i,0}^{M}=0$
* $Z_{0,0}^{M}=1$
* $Z_{0,j}^{D}=0$
* $Z_{i,0}^{I}=0$

#### Recursion

The partition function for the alignments of two sequences $x$ and $y$ is given by $Z_{|x|,|y|}$, which can be recursively computed:
* $Z_{i,j}^{M}=Z_{i-1,j-1}\cdot e^{\frac {\sigma (x_{i},y_{j})}{T}}$
* $Z_{i,j}^{D}=Z_{i-1,j}^{D}\cdot e^{\frac {\beta }{T}}+Z_{i-1,j}^{M}\cdot e^{\frac {g(1)}{T}}+Z_{i-1,j}^{I}\cdot e^{\frac {g(1)}{T}}$
* $Z_{i,j}^{I}$ analogously

### Base pair probability

Finally the probability that positions $x_{i}$ and $y_{j}$ form a base pair is given by:
$P(x_{i}-y_{j}|x,y)={\frac {Z_{i-1,j-1}\cdot e^{\frac {\sigma (x_{i},y_{j})}{T}}\cdot Z'_{i',j'}}{Z_{|x|,|y|}}}$
$Z',i',j'$ are the respective values for the recalculated $Z$ with inversed base pair strings.
# Indexed category

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a C-indexed category is a pseudofunctor from C$^{op}$ to Cat, where Cat is a 2-category of categories. Any indexed category has an associated Grothendieck construction, which gives rise to a fibred category.
# Paul Paavela

Paul Paavela (13 April 1931 in Suojärvi - 19 May 1980 in Vihti) was a Finnish official and politician from the Social Democratic Party. Paavela was Minister of Finance from 1975–1976 and 1977–1979.
# Oploo

Oploo is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located in the former municipality of Sint Anthonis. Since 2022 it has been part of the new municipality of Land van Cuijk.

## History

Oploo developed in the valley of a brook in the 12th or 13th century. There used to be two castle near Oploo, but both have disappeared. Of Bekenstein castle a farm remains with 16th century elements.
The grist mill De Korenbloem was moved to Oploo in 1843. It was known to be in 's-Hertogenbosch before 1663. The wind mill was in use until 1952. The municipality received the wind mill in emphyteusis in 1966, and later became full owner. It was restored the same year and is occasionally in use.
Oploo was a separate municipality until 1821, when it merged with Sint Anthonis en Ledeacker to form the new municipality of Oploo, Sint Anthonis en Ledeacker. Oploo was home to 482 people in 1840. In 2022, it became part of the municipality of Land van Cuijk.

## Gallery

* Church in Oploo
* Farm in Oploo
* Map of 1865
# Nemateleotris lavandula

Nemateleotris lavandula, known by lavender-blushed dartfish, is a species of dartfish which was described in 2023 on the basis of the holotype from Augulupelu Reef, Palau, and twelve paratypes from across the western and central Pacific Ocean, including Fiji, Guam, Japan, and the Marshall Islands. It was previously confused with the Helfrich's dartfish (Nemateleotris helfrichi).

## Description

Members of this species measures 5 cm in length has a lavender to lilac body, becoming increasingly pale toward caudal peduncle.

## Distribution

Its distribution follows the northwestern contours of the Pacific Plate, from Yakushima Island in southern Japan, throughout the Ryukyu and the Ogasawara Islands, and south to Taiwan and the northern Philippines, extending east across Micronesia, including the Caroline Islands, the Marshall Islands, and the Mariana Islands.
# Matthias Zimmerling

Matthias Zimmerling (born 6 September 1967) is a German former football manager and former player who manages Innsbrucker AC.

## Playing career

Zimmerling, who played as a striker, began his career in the late 1980s, playing for Lokomotive and Chemie Leipzig in the DDR-Oberliga. He represented East Germany at youth level, and was part of the squad that finished third at the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship.
After Fall of the Berlin Wall, Zimmerling moved west, joining Hannover 96 during the 1989-90 season. However, he failed to establish himself in the first team, and returned to Leipzig, briefly rejoining FC Chemie (now renamed FC Sachsen). He played out the 1990s with a succession of clubs in the former DDR, playing for FC Berlin, Union Berlin (two spells), Energie Cottbus (two spells), Carl Zeiss Jena, Sachsen Leipzig for a third time, and VfL Halle 96. While at Cottbus he played in the 1997 DFB-Pokal Final. Later in his career he moved to Austria, playing for Austria Klagenfurt followed by spells at a number of smaller local clubs.

## Coaching career

After retirement, Zimmerling stayed in Klagenfurt, managing SAK Klagenfurt. He returned to German football in April 2009, when he was appointed manager of FSV Zwickau.
# Call-sign allocation plan

In telecommunications, call-sign allocation plan is the table of allocation of international call sign series contained in the current edition of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations.
Note: In the table of allocation, the first two characters of each call sign (whether two letters or one number and one letter, in that order) identify the nationality of the station. In certain instances where the complete alphabetical block is allocated to a single nation, the first letter is sufficient for national identity. Individual assignments are made by appropriate national assignment authorities from the national allocation.