OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Himantura fava

Himantura fava, the honeycomb whipray, is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in coastal regions including estuaries, in the Indo-Pacific off India, Indonesia, and the Gulf of Thailand. As presently defined, it is probably a species complex.

## Taxonomy

The first known specimens of this species were two 130 cm (4.3 ft) wide adult females collected near Orissa, India by the steamer Golden Crown, and described by Scottish zoologist Nelson Annandale in a 1909 issue of Memoirs of the Indian Museum. He remarked that it was closely allied to Himantura uarnak with the main distinguishing feature being the mouth. Smaller differences included a yellow, as opposed to white, reticulated pattern on the dorsal surface, and the lack of stellate denticles.
The species has had a confused taxonomic history. Many sources still consider H. fava to be a synonym of Himantura undulata.

## Description

This species is characterized by absence of skin fold on the ventral surface of the tail, in common with other Himantura species. The main body disc is somewhat quadrangular. The whip-like tail is variably banded. The pattern on the upper surface of the disc is related to age; adults have widely spaced, honeycomb-like reticulations, whereas juveniles display relatively large spots.

## Human interactions

It is the target of commercial fisheries in Indonesia, primarily for its skin which is of high value for use as galuchat. The meat is consumed, and the cartilage also finds a commercial use.
# Ok (Turkish surname)

Ok (Turkish: Arrow) is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fügen Ok, Turkish diplomat
* Hilmi Ok (1932–2020), Turkish football referee
* Mustafa Ok (1925–2009), Turkish military officer and politician
* Nurettin Ok (1927–2013), Turkish lawyer and politician
# Charleston Saints

The Charleston Saints was a United States Australian Football League team based in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.
The Saints was founded in November 2011. In late 2012, the team dissolved due to player recruiting problems and lack of community support.
* Sports portal
* Australia portal
# Olaf Blackwood

Olaf Blackwood (born 5 November 1980) is a Jamaican singer-songwriter and record producer.

## Early life

Blackwood was born in Lacovia, a village in Jamaica's Saint Elizabeth Parish, where he helped support his family's farm throughout his childhood. As a child, his two passions were soccer and music. Inspired by his uncle Errol Blackwood, the lead singer of reggae band Messenjah, Blackwood dropped out of school at sixteen and traveled to Kingston to pursue a music career.

## Career

Blackwood recorded his first single for Garnett Silk's record label in 1995. He then released music for Mario C Productions on the Artillery rhythm. After struggling to find success in Jamaica, Blackwood migrated to the United States in 2002. In the United States, he has written and produced songs for entertainers such as Shaggy and Tessanne Chin.
Blackwood achieved commercial success in 2017 with the single "I Need You", an Armin van Buuren and Fernando Garibay song for which Blackwood served as a featured vocalist. "I Need You" was certified platinum by the RIAA and peaked at #7 on Billboard's Digital Song Sales chart.
Blackwood also mentors aspiring songwriters through his publishing company, Holland Bamboo Publishing.

## Feature discography

| Year | Title | Artist | Album |
| 2016 | "Can't Lie" | Safaree | Real Yard Vibes |
| 2017 | "I Need You" | Armin van Buuren and Fernando Garibay | N/A |
| 2019 | "Keep on Calling" | Niiko x SWAE | N/A |
| 2019 | "Love Me Now" | Shaggy | Wah Gwaan?! (bonus track) |
| 2020 | "Don't Say That" | Miles Away and VENIICE | N/A |
| 2021 | "On Your Mind" | Spice | 10 |
# Hisel

Hisel is a village and a former municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany. Since January 2018, it is part of the municipality Brimingen.
# Hiroshi Minami

Hiroshi Minami may refer to:
* Hiroshi Minami (actor) (1928–1989), Japanese actor
* Hiroshi Minami (politician) (1869–1946), Japanese bureaucrat and politician
# Old Hill Miners' Association

The Old Hill and Highley District Miners', Enginemen's and Surfacemen's Association, usually known as the Old Hill Miners' Association, was a trade union representing mineworkers in the Old Hill district of the West Midlands, in England.
Old Hill was the last area of the South Staffordshire coalfield to be developed, and the local mining industry was growing when the miners' union was established, in 1870. It soon became known for its militant approach, often striking in order to raise wages or improve working conditions. Unlike other local unions, it refused to take part in the South Staffordshire and East Worcestershire Miners' Wages Board, which took a sliding scale approach to wage - they would automatically rise and fall with the price of coal. This approach was vindicated in 1884, when the board reduced wages, but miners came out on strike, with the backing of the Old Hill union, but the opposition of other local unions. As a result, the strike was lost, and in search of solidarity from workers in other industries, the union affiliated to the Midland Counties Trades Federation (MCTF).
The MCTF was focused on the metal trades, and so the Old Hill Miners' Association switched to the Midland Counties Miners' Federation when that was formed, in 1886. Unlike the other local miners' unions, it participated enthusiastically in the federation. It briefly left after the federation affiliated to the Miners' Federation of Great Britain in 1889, but soon rejoined. As a result, when all the other local unions merged into the West Bromwich Miners' Association, Old Hill remained independent. Despite this, it was always a small union; by 1910, it had 1,116 members.
In 1944, the National Union of Mineworkers was established, and the union became the Highley District of its Midlands Area. A couple of years later, it merged into the South Staffordshire and East Worcestershire District.

## General Secretaries

    William Breakwell
    1883: Benjamin Winwood
    1912: Samuel Edwards
# Charlie McGahey

Charles Percy McGahey (12 February 1871 – 10 January 1935) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Essex between 1894 and 1921. McGahey also played for London County between 1901 and 1904 and was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1902. McGahey played two Test matches for England during Archie MacLaren's tour of Australia in 1901-02.
McGahey played association football for Clapton, one of the leading amateur clubs of the day.
McGahey died from sepsis in a finger, which he damaged after slipping on a wet pavement.
# Conjugate residual method

The conjugate residual method is an iterative numeric method used for solving systems of linear equations. It's a Krylov subspace method very similar to the much more popular conjugate gradient method, with similar construction and convergence properties.
This method is used to solve linear equations of the form
    $\mathbf {A} \mathbf {x} =\mathbf {b}$
where A is an invertible and Hermitian matrix, and b is nonzero.
The conjugate residual method differs from the closely related conjugate gradient method. It involves more numerical operations and requires more storage.
Given an (arbitrary) initial estimate of the solution $\mathbf {x} _{0}$, the method is outlined below:
    ${\begin{aligned}&\mathbf {x} _{0}:={\text{Some initial guess}}\\&\mathbf {r} _{0}:=\mathbf {b} -\mathbf {Ax} _{0}\\&\mathbf {p} _{0}:=\mathbf {r} _{0}\\&{\text{Iterate, with }}k{\text{ starting at }}0:\\&\qquad \alpha _{k}:={\frac {\mathbf {r} _{k}^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {Ar} _{k}}{(\mathbf {Ap} _{k})^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {Ap} _{k}}}\\&\qquad \mathbf {x} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {x} _{k}+\alpha _{k}\mathbf {p} _{k}\\&\qquad \mathbf {r} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {r} _{k}-\alpha _{k}\mathbf {Ap} _{k}\\&\qquad \beta _{k}:={\frac {\mathbf {r} _{k+1}^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {Ar} _{k+1}}{\mathbf {r} _{k}^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {Ar} _{k}}}\\&\qquad \mathbf {p} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {r} _{k+1}+\beta _{k}\mathbf {p} _{k}\\&\qquad \mathbf {Ap} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {Ar} _{k+1}+\beta _{k}\mathbf {Ap} _{k}\\&\qquad k:=k+1\end{aligned}}$
the iteration may be stopped once $\mathbf {x} _{k}$ has been deemed converged. The only difference between this and the conjugate gradient method is the calculation of $\alpha _{k}$ and $\beta _{k}$ (plus the optional incremental calculation of $\mathbf {Ap} _{k}$ at the end).
Note: the above algorithm can be transformed so to make only one symmetric matrix-vector multiplication in each iteration.

## Preconditioning

By making a few substitutions and variable changes, a preconditioned conjugate residual method may be derived in the same way as done for the conjugate gradient method:
    ${\begin{aligned}&\mathbf {x} _{0}:={\text{Some initial guess}}\\&\mathbf {r} _{0}:=\mathbf {M} ^{-1}(\mathbf {b} -\mathbf {Ax} _{0})\\&\mathbf {p} _{0}:=\mathbf {r} _{0}\\&{\text{Iterate, with }}k{\text{ starting at }}0:\\&\qquad \alpha _{k}:={\frac {\mathbf {r} _{k}^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {A} \mathbf {r} _{k}}{(\mathbf {Ap} _{k})^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {M} ^{-1}\mathbf {Ap} _{k}}}\\&\qquad \mathbf {x} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {x} _{k}+\alpha _{k}\mathbf {p} _{k}\\&\qquad \mathbf {r} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {r} _{k}-\alpha _{k}\mathbf {M} ^{-1}\mathbf {Ap} _{k}\\&\qquad \beta _{k}:={\frac {\mathbf {r} _{k+1}^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {A} \mathbf {r} _{k+1}}{\mathbf {r} _{k}^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {A} \mathbf {r} _{k}}}\\&\qquad \mathbf {p} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {r} _{k+1}+\beta _{k}\mathbf {p} _{k}\\&\qquad \mathbf {Ap} _{k+1}:=\mathbf {A} \mathbf {r} _{k+1}+\beta _{k}\mathbf {Ap} _{k}\\&\qquad k:=k+1\\\end{aligned}}$
The preconditioner $\mathbf {M} ^{-1}$ must be symmetric positive definite. Note that the residual vector here is different from the residual vector without preconditioning.
# Constant Allart

Constant Allart (2 March 1796 – 13 September 1861) was a French politician. He served as a member of the National Constituent Assembly from 1848 to 1849, and the Corps législatif from 1852 to 1861, representing Somme. He also served as the mayor of Amiens from 1851 to 1860.
# Okaya

Okaya may refer to:
* Okaya & Co., Ltd., the oldest major Japanese trading company still in existence.
* Okaya, Nagano, a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan
* Okaya Optical, the manufacturer of Lord cameras and Vista binoculars
# Cheng Shu Ming

Cheng Shu Ming, also known as Micky Cheng, (born 25 November 1945) is a Hong Kong sports shooter. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Constituency W-332

Constituency W-332 is a Constituency reserved for females in the Provincial Assembly of Punjab.
# Historical Dictionary of American Slang

The Historical Dictionary of American Slang, often abbreviated HDAS, is a dictionary of American slang. The first two volumes, Volume 1, A – G (1994), and Volume 2, H – O (1997), were published by Random House, and the work then was known as the Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang, sometimes abbreviated as RHHDAS. Both volumes used the same ISBN, ISBN 0-394-54427-7; the paperback editions are ISBN 978-0-394-54427-4 for Volume 1 and ISBN 978-0-679-43464-1 for Volume 2.

## Background

When Random House discontinued publication, Oxford University Press announced in 2003 that it would publish the two remaining volumes, Volume 3, P – S [Part 1], ISBN 978-0-19-517418-2, and Volume 4, S [Part 2] – Z. As of 2020, however, those volumes have not yet been published.
Each entry includes representative quotations, including the earliest quotation using the word. HDAS is edited by Jonathan E. Lighter of the University of Tennessee. It is sometimes compared to Green's Dictionary of Slang, which takes a generally similar approach but is not focused specifically on American slang.
The HDAS is not to be confused with the DAS, the Dictionary of American Slang (1975).
# Constituency W-359

W-359 is a reserved Constituency for female in the Provincial Assembly of Punjab.
# Cheiradenia

Cheiradenia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, Cheiradenia cuspidata, native to northern South America (Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil).
# Contoderus

Contoderus hamaticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Contoderus. It was described by Pascoe in 1859.
# Olina, Italy

| | Olina |
| Statistics ||
| Country: | Italy |
| Region: | Emilia-Romagna |
| Province: | Modena |
| Municipality: | Pavullo nel Frignano |
| Postal code: | 41026 |
| Dialing code: | 0536 |
| Gentilic: | Olinesi |
Olina is a village in the region of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy. Administratively, it is a frazione of the comune of Pavullo nel Frignano in the province of Modena.
# Himalaphaenops

Himalaphaenops is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Himalaphaenops nishikawai. It is found in Nepal.
# Himalaya: Exploring the Roof of the World

Himalaya: Exploring the Roof of the World is a non-fiction book by John Keay, a British historian and journalist.

## Overview

In this book, Keay provides a comprehensive overview of the Himalayan range, delving into its geological formation, cultural heritage, and the diverse communities that inhabit its slopes.

## Reception

Writing for the Washington Independent Review of Books, A.A. Bastion writes, "Keay goes out of his way to present the Asian perspective on Himālaya, including the religious beliefs that shape locals’ engagement with the area. He finds meaning in these stories and honors their role in the lives of those who live in the region, while nonetheless separating fact (connected to an observable reality) from fiction (created by perception and belief). This is hard to do, but he has taken care here."
Mandira Nayar of The Week (Indian magazine) writes, "At 81, Keay chose to get to know the Himalayas, in his words “the bruised area’’ in the map of Asia, without leaving his chair. [The book] is a breathtaking journey into the history, culture, ecology, archaeology and environment of the region."
Writing for the Asian Review of Books, Maximillian Morch writes, "This is a wonderfully digressive read, with rich portraits and stories of those who made their careers and fame from Himalaya. Keay has condensed an immense amount of data and information into the book alongside a deft selection of poetry, literature, period sources and a wide array of maps and photographs."
C. P. W. Gammell wrote in Literary Review, "In his new book, Himalaya, in prose that feels as effortless as it is entertaining, Keay paints a quite fascinating picture of this magical region, covering everything from geology, glaciers, tectonic plates and botany to the spiritual and religious evolution of humans."
# Himalaphantes

Himalaphantes is a genus of Asian dwarf spiders that was first described by A. V. Tanasevitch in 1992.

## Species

As of January 2023 it contains fourteen species, found in China, India, Japan, Nepal, and Russia:
* Himalaphantes aduncus Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes arcuatus Zhang, Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes auriculus Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes azumiensis (Oi, 1979) – Russia (Far East), China, Japan
* Himalaphantes fugongensis Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes grandiculus (Tanasevitch, 1987) (type) – Nepal
* Himalaphantes gyratus Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes lingulatus Zhang, Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes magnus (Tanasevitch, 1987) – Nepal
* Himalaphantes martensi (Thaler, 1987) – India (Kashmir), Nepal
* Himalaphantes pseudoaduncus Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes pulae Irfan, Zhang & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes uncatus Zhang, Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2022 – China
* Himalaphantes zhangmuensis (Hu, 2001) – China
# Chelmsford Racecourse

Chelmsford Racecourse was a horse racing venue located at Galleywood, near Chelmsford, Essex. The course was active from at least 1759 until its final closure in April 1935. The course initially staged Flat racing before switching to National Hunt racing in 1892. Amongst the horses who raced at the course was the Cheltenham Gold Cup winner Golden Miller, who won two hurdle races at Chelmsford in 1931. Parts of the course have been preserved and can still be seen.
The course was described as being right-handed, about two miles long with a run-in of six furlongs. The course enclosed a windmill, a brickworks and the church of St Michael and All Angels. It crossed a main road twice and a by-road, and the roads were closed to traffic when race meetings were held.
# Cooper's Hill

Cooper's Hill or Cooper Hill may refer to:
* Cooper's Hill, Bedfordshire, UK, a site of Special Scientific Interest
* Cooper's Hill, Brockworth, Gloucestershire, UK
** Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake an annual event in Brockworth
* Cooper's Hill, near Englefield Green, Surrey, UK
* Cooper's Hill (football ground), a former football ground in West Bromwich, once occupied by West Bromwich Albion F.C.
* Royal Indian Engineering College, known colloquially as Cooper's Hill
* Cooper's Hill, a 1642 poem by John Denham
* Cooper Hill, Missouri, a community in the United States
# Olenecamptus somalius

Olenecamptus somalius is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1948. It is distributed in the area of Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya, and are also known as lamiines and flat-faced longhorned beetles.
# Old Spring Tavern

The Old Spring Tavern was built as a stopping place in 1854 on the Madison-Monroe stagecoach road. The city of Madison, Wisconsin has grown around the old Greek Revival-styled building and in 1974 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

In 1854 Connecticut native Charles Morgan built an inn west of what was then Madison on the stagecoach road heading for the lead-mining region in southwest Wisconsin. He picked the spot partly for the large spring nearby which could be used to water horses and oxen. (That spring now feeds the duck pond.) In those days the stage road ran on the other side of the house - not where Nakoma Road now runs.
Morgan used clay from a nearby slope to make reddish bricks. He built the house two stories tall, with brick walls twenty-two inches thick at the base and narrower above. The style includes some of the Greek Revival elements that were popular at the time: the cornice returns, the unadorned window sills and lintels, and the sidelights and transom around the main entry. A chimney rose from each end. The house was heated by Franklin stoves. A summer kitchen stood at the northeast side of the house. The front porch was not part of the original design.
In 1860, Morgan sold the tavern and 60 acres to James W. Gorham for $9000 gold. Gorham ran the in for a bit, then joined the Union Army, leasing the inn. When he returned from the war, he resumed running it as Gorham's Hotel until 1895. At that point he closed the hotel and used it as his private home.
In 1925 Professor James G. Dickson bought the house from the Gorham family. Dickson remodeled the house, adding the Chippendale porch on the front of the house and the stone wall along Nakoma Road. Mrs. Dickson claimed that the wall was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Inside, Dickson replaced the Franklin stoves with two fireplaces.
Over the years the country inn has been encircled by the city of Madison. In 1972 the house was named a landmark by city's Landmarks Commission. In the same year it was added to the NRHP, significant for both its history and its Greek Revival architecture, which is rather rare in Madison. In 1998 the surrounding neighborhood was designated the Nakoma Historic District, and the Old Spring Tavern is the oldest structure in that district.
# Old Spot Inn

The Old Spot Inn is a pub in Dursley, Gloucestershire, England.
It was CAMRA's National Pub of the Year for 2007.
# Oldeania alpina

Oldeania alpina, the African alpine bamboo, is a perennial bamboo of the family Poaceae and the genus Oldeania. It can be found growing in dense but not large stands on the mountains and volcanoes surrounding the East African Rift between 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) and 3,300 meters (11,000 feet) elevation.

## Description
### Stems and leaves

    200 – 1,950 centimeters (6 – 64 feet) tall and 5 – 12.5 centimeters (2 – 5 inches) in diameter; these grass stems get used as fencing, plumbing and other building materials. Culm sheaths (tubular coverings) are hairless or with red bristles.
    Leaf sheath is covered with bristles. Leaf blades are "deciduous at the ligule"; blades 5 – 20 centimeters (2 – 8 inches) long.

### Flowers

    Branched cluster of flowers in solitary spikes, which can be dense or loose and are 5–15 centimeters (2–6 inches) long.

### Roots

    Short rhizomes described as pachymorph (a term which is recommended for describing rhizomes which are sympodial or superposed in such a way as to imitate a simple axis, but the word pachymorph would not be used for describing branches or in the case of bamboos, culms).

## Distribution

* Afrotropical realm:
   * Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia, Sudan
   * East Tropical Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
   * West-Central Tropical Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Rwanda, DR Congo
   * South Tropical Africa: Malawi, Zambia
# Oldedalen

Oldedalen is a river valley in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 20-kilometre (12 mi) long valley runs north-south and ends at the Nordfjorden at the village of Olden. The south end of the valley reaches up to the great Jostedalsbreen glacier inside Jostedalsbreen National Park. The small Briksdalsbreen is a smaller arm that branches off the main Jostedalsbreen glacier, and it sits at the end of the Oldedalen valley. It is a tourist attraction due to its easy to reach location. The western side of the valley is a fairly steep wall of mountains with the Myklebustbreen glacier at the top.
The lake Oldevatnet lies in the center of the valley for most of its length. At the north end of the valley, the lake empties into the river Oldeelva, which flows into the Nordfjorden. Both the Olden Church and the historic Old Olden Church are located near the north end of the valley; the Ljosheim Chapel lies at the valley's southern end.
# Oldehove, Groningen

Oldehove is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Westerkwartier, about 16 km northwest of the city of Groningen. The town has a notable skyline with two windmills and two of its three churches visible from almost every angle, the third church (De Zaaier) being obscured from vision by houses and trees because it doesn't have the traditional tower associated with most churches in similar villages.
Oldehove was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Zuidhorn. The Town Hall still exists neighboring the oldest church in the centre of town. The building is owned by private owners and functions as a home.
Oldehove is also one of the few villages in the region left with its own in-use firehouse, housing the two vehicles used by the local volunteer-firefighters.
The only way of entering the village through public transport is with bus 35 and bus 36 from Groningen and Winsum respectively.

## Gallery

* Windmill: korenmolen Aeolus
* Windmill: koren-en pelmolen de Leeuw