OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Keratosis obturans

Keratosis obturans is a relatively uncommon ear disease, where a dense plug of keratin, formed by abnormal accumulation of desquamated skin in sheet-like layers (lamellae), forms in the bony (deeper) part of the external auditory canal. It is clinically diagnosed when removal of the debris shows silvery white peripheral matrix and causes excruciating pain.

## Discovery

Keratosis obturans was first properly described by Wreden of St. Petersburg in 1874, who differentiated this condition from impacted wax. Peipergedes and Behnke were the first to define the distinctions between the two.

## Signs and symptoms

The most common symptoms are hearing loss and severe pain secondary to the accumulation of keratin in the ear canal. Keratosis obturans has been classified into four grades depending on the severity of symptoms:

### Grade I

    Mild pain ± ear block with the presence of accumulated keratin enveloped by a tightly adherent matrix; no discernible expansion of external canal.

### Grade II

    Moderate to severe pain ± conductive deafness; presence of accumulated keratin enveloped by a tightly adherent matrix with mild expansion of the bony canal in the presence of keratosis. obturans.

### Grade III

    Moderate to severe pain ± conductive deafness; presence of accumulated keratin enveloped by a tightly adherent matrix with expanded bony canal with granulation tissue at the osteo-cartilaginous junction.

### Grade IV

    Presence of accumulated keratin enveloped by a tightly adherent matrix (grade III) with exposure of the mastoid air cells with or without facial nerve involvement.

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis of keratosis obturans is clinical. Differentiation between keratosis obturans and impacted wax is difficult at first presentation. It is diagnosed only when attempted removal of the substance causes excruciating pain, and shows silvery white peripheral matrix. When the matrix is peeled, new capillaries that were formed within the matrix rupture, resulting in bleeding. It is possible that these new capillaries are formed as a result of inflammation of the surrounding bony canal.

## Treatment

Canaloplasty, where the ear canal is widened using grafts, was first proposed as the treatment for keratois obturans. However, with the migration of keratin within the canal, any amount of widening could not restore the migration of skin. Reconstruction of the bony canal with cartilage graft from temporalis fascia has showed some results. But firstly preferred is cleaning with 1 percent acetic acid.
# Cryptocephalus brunneovittatus

Cryptocephalus brunneovittatus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Teresa Wong

Teresa Wong (Wong Hiu-nam, 王曉南) is a traditional Chinese huqin (erhu) player, originating from Hong Kong. She started her training at the age of six and studied at the Central Music Academy. She joined the China Central Orchestra after graduation and has performed with the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra. She has been called the 'Vanessa-Mae of erhu'.
Her music is very similar to the likes of artists such as 12 Girls Band or Vanessa Mae. Her musical technique draws from the Huqin family of instruments used in the Tang dynasty (618 AD – 907 AD in China). Currently Teresa has one album, Modern Tang Allures.
# Jacqueline Osherow

Jacqueline Osherow (born 1956) is an American poet, and Distinguished Professor at the University of Utah.

## Biography

Raised in Philadelphia, Jacqueline Osherow graduated from Radcliffe College with a BA magna cum laude, and from Princeton University with a PhD. At Harvard, she was part of the Harvard Lampoon. Her specialty is love poetry and Biblical poetry and she has been featured in Best American Poetry.
Writing in a 1999 article for the Poetry Society of America, Osherow said, “If I write out of a specific poetic tradition, it is the Jewish poetic tradition, American poet though I am.” Her work has appeared in The New Criterion, The Jewish Daily Forward, The Yale Review, and many other journals and quarterlies. Additionally, she has been anthologized in Twentieth Century American Poetry (2003), The Wadsworth Anthology of Poetry (2005), Jewish American Literature: A Norton Anthology (2000), and The Penguin Book of the Sonnet (2001), and has twice been included in Best American Poetry.

## Awards

* 1990 Witter Bynner Poetry Prize
* 1997 Guggenheim Fellowship
* 1999 National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship
* Ingram Merrill Foundation fellowship

## Works
### Poetry collections

* Looking for Angels in New York, University of Georgia Press, 1988, ISBN 978-0-8203-1059-6
* Conversations with Survivors, University of Georgia Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-8203-1612-3
* With a Moon in Transit. Grove Press. 1996. ISBN 978-0-8021-1599-7.
* Dead Men's Praise. Grove Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-8021-3654-1.
* The Hoopoe's Crown. BOA Editions, Ltd. 2005. ISBN 978-1-929918-72-0.
* Whitethorn: Poems. LSU Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-8071-3835-9.
* Ultimatum from Paradise: Poems. LSU Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0-8071-5806-7.
* My Lookalike at the Krishna Temple: Poems. LSU Press. 2019. ISBN 978-0-8071-6944-5.

### Anthologies

* Jonathan N. Barron; Eric Murphy Selinger, eds. (2000). "Scattered Psalms XI". Jewish American poetry: poems, commentary, and reflections. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-58465-043-0.
* Jay Parini, ed. (2005). The Wadsworth anthology of poetry. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4130-0473-1.
* Charles Adés Fishman, ed. (2007). Blood to remember: American poets on the Holocaust. Time Being Books. ISBN 978-1-56809-112-9.

### Non-fiction

* Sharon Bryan; William Olsen, eds. (2003). "Reading Poetry". Planet on the table: poets on the reading life. Sarabande Books. ISBN 978-1-889330-91-4.
* Peter S. Hawkins; Lesleigh Cushing Stahlberg, eds. (2006). "Honey and Milk Underneath Your Tongue". Scrolls of love: Ruth and the Song of songs. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-2572-9.
# Château des Riffets

The Château des Riffets is a château in the village of Bretteville-sur-Laize, Calvados department, Normandy, northwestern France.

## History

The château was built around 1880; the nearby farm dates from the 18th century. It was built on the ruins of a coaching inn used by William the Conqueror in the 11th century. During the Second World War, German troops were stationed there, and during the D-Day landings of June 1944, the château housed a German bomb dump. The château has been partially destroyed at least 3 times: once in the 13th century, again during the French Revolution and most recently by accidental bombing during the Second World War, as when the USAAF attempted to bomb the bomb dump for the first time, they missed it and hit the château instead.
The château is now used as a bed and breakfast.
# Joint Task Force Caring Response

Joint Task Force Caring Response was a United States multi-service humanitarian assistance and disaster relief effort for Burmese citizens devastated by recent Cyclone Nargis in 2008.

## History

JTF Caring Response was led by Lieutenant General John F. Goodman of the U.S. Marine Corps.
During a delivery by MAG-36 supported by 36th Airlift Squadron on 19 May 2008 to Yangon International Airport in Burma approximately 15,000 pounds of water, water containers, rations, and mosquito netting were unloaded from a C-130 Hercules aircraft in direct support of VMGR-152.
Expeditionary Strike Group 7/TF 76/31st Marine Expeditionary Unit was also standing by off the Myanmar coast in order to be ready to deliver aid should it be allowed to do so.
# Cauto Cristo

Cauto Cristo is a municipality and town in the Granma Province of Cuba. It is located on the banks of the Río Cauto, in the western part of the province, bordering the provinces of Holguín and Las Tunas.

## Demographics

In 2022, the municipality of Cauto Cristo had a population of 20,510. With a total area of 550 km$^2$ (210 sq mi), it has a population density of 38.5/km$^2$ (100/sq mi).
# Johnson's seagrass

Johnson's seagrass is a small, asexual seagrass in the family Hydrocharitaceae (the "tape-grasses"). It has been called Halophila johnsonii, but is now considered to be a clone of the widespread species Halophila ovalis. As of March 2024, Plants of the World Online treats Halophila johnsonii as a synonym of Halophila ovalis subsp. ovalis. Johnson's seagrass occurs only on the southeastern coast of Florida, in lagoons along roughly 200 km of the Florida coastline between Sebastian Inlet and the northern part of Biscayne Bay, where it grows in small patches of a few centimeters to a few meters in diameter at depths ranging from the intertidal zone down to 3 meters. It was the first marine plant listed on the United States endangered species list, though it was removed from the listing in April 2022.

## Description

Johnson's seagrass has pairs of linearly shaped petiolate leaves, each generally 2-5 cm long including the petiole. The leaves grow from the nodes of a horizontally creeping rhizome found at or just below the surface of the sediment and held down by unbranched roots. The distance between the nodes of the rhizomes rarely exceeds 3-5 cm, making this species appear relatively small. Female flowers have been seen, but even with decade-long observational studies, neither male flowers nor seed have ever been observed.

## Conservation

Johnson's seagrass was the first marine plant listed on the United States endangered species list. However, in 2022 the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ruled to remove Halophila johnsonii (Johnson's seagrass) from the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). This ruling was based on data that showed that Johnson's seagrass is not a genetically unique taxon. Johnson's seagrass is genetically similar to the Indo-Pacific species, H. ovalis, based on multiple published research. As Johnson's seagrass is not genetically diverse, it no longer meets the requirements set by the ESA to be considered a species. The ESA defines a species as "any subspecies of fish or wildlife or plants, and any distinct population segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife which interbreeds when mature 16 U.S.C. 1532". All gene samples of Johnson's seagrass from Indian River Lagoon over a 17 year study were genetically uniform. In the same study it was determined that due to the lack of genetic diversity, Johnson's seagrass was a clone of H. ovalis, closely related to populations in Africa and Antigua. The clone may be derived from a recent introduction from one of those regions.
Both the green sea turtle and the West Indian manatee are known to feed upon the plant, as well as some herbivorous fish. However, the main threat to its survival is probably human activity. Processes that threaten the plant include eutrophication, dredging, turbidity, and thermal pollution.
# Château-Gaillard, Ain

Château-Gaillard (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the eastern French department of Ain.

## Geography

The river Albarine forms most of the commune's southern border.
# Keramat (state constituency)

Keramat was a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that was represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly from 1986 to 1995.
The state constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 1995 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Keramat :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Ampang ||||
| 7th | 1986-1990 | Mufti Suib | BN (UMNO) |
| 8th | 1990-1995 | Mufti Suib | BN (UMNO) |
| Constituency abolished, split into Ampang and Lembah Jaya ||||
# Pojeta Peak

Pojeta Peak (79°28′S 84°41′W﻿ / ﻿79.467°S 84.683°W﻿ / -79.467; -84.683) is a peak rising to about 1,500 m in the central part of Webers Peaks, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) southeast of Bingham Peak, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after John Pojeta, Jr., a United States Geological Survey (USGS) paleontologist from 1963 and a field party member and paleontologist with the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) Ellsworth Mountains Expedition of 1979–80.
# PSR B1259−63/LS 2883

PSR J1302−6350 is a pulsar and member of an eclipsing binary star system with the blue O9.5Ve-class star LS 2883. The pair has an eccentric orbit that is inclined to the line of sight from Earth by about 36°, leading to a 40-day-long eclipse each time the pulsar passes behind the star. The pulsar has a period of about 48 ms and a luminosity of 8.3 × 10$^{35}$ erg/s. It emits very high energy gamma rays that vary on a time scale of several days.
The star LS 2883 has about 10 solar masses and is 6 solar radii in size. The rate of rotation is about 280 km/s at the equator, or 70% of the breakup velocity.
# Jews of the Orient

Jews of the Orient may refer to:
* Mizrahi Jews, the Jewish communities that historically inhabited the Middle East
* East Asian Jews
* Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, an appellation given by Western observers due to the success of some Armenians in commerce
* Overseas Chinese in East Asia
# Poiseul-la-Ville-et-Laperrière

Poiseul-la-Ville-et-Laperrière (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Mr & Mrs

Mr & Mrs may refer to:
* Mr and Mrs (TV series), a United Kingdom television show
* Mr. and Mrs. (2012 film), a film starring Nse Ikpe Etim and Joseph Benjamin
* "Mister and Missus", series 7 episode 8 of Where the Heart Is
* English honorifics, among others including Miss, Ms, Sir, Dr, Lady or Lord
** Mr., for men
** Mrs., for women
* Mr & Mrs (1992 film), directed by Sajan
# Narnaund

Narnaund is an emerging city on Hansi–Chandigarh highway, a municipal committee and Narnaund (Vidhan Sabha constituency), in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana. The city Hansi is approximately 22 km away and another city Jind is 25 km. Narnaund is famous for its 'Main Bazar' as people from adjacent villages used to go there for purchases. The market has now developed to outer regions of the city also. Narnaund has famous Devraj-Mandir where people flock in large numbers on Ekadashi.

## Geography

The important villages surrounding Narnaund are Bhaini Amir Pur Moth Rangran, Moth Karnail Sahib, Garhi Azima, Majra, Madha, Lohari Ragho, Rajthal, Khanda Kheri, Baas and Petwar.

## Politics

For many years, this constituency has been seen as an anti-Congress seat.
In 2019 Assembly Elections, Ramkumar Gautam of JJP won the 2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly Elections by defeating Captan Abhimanyu of BJP over 12000+ votes.
In 2014 Assembly Elections, cabinet minister Captain Abhimanyu of BJP won the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election over Raj Singh Mor of INLD and independent candidate Ram Kumar Gautam.
Narnaund falls under Hisar Lok Sabha constituency. In 2014 Lok Sabha elections, Dushyant Chautala became MP for this seat.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Narnaund had a population of 15,114. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Narnaund has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 44%. In Narnaund, 15% of the population is under six years of age. According to 2011 census, population of Narnaund had increased 1.32%. the population counted 17,242 in 2011.

## Economy

Primarily, Narnaund is an agriculture-based region where more than 80% people earn their livelihood via agriculture or related professions. This tehsil has a large anaaj mandi, and an ever-developing market along the highway.
Captain Abhimanyu, Finance Minister of Haryana who is MLA from Narnaund Vidhansabha constituency, announced setting up of a Murrah buffalo Research and Skill Development in Narnaund in 2018-19 budget to train women, unemployed youth and farmers for self-employment.

## Education

* Government College, Narnaund
* Indus College of Nursing, Khanda Kheri
* Mata Jiyo Devi College of Education, Khanda Kheri

## Notable people

* Captain Abhimanyu, Former Finance Minister of Government of Haryana is an MLA from Narnaund
* Surya Kant, Supreme court Judge belongs to Petwar, Narnaund village.
* Mallika Sherawat (Reema Lamba) belongs to Moth Rangran village
Dr. Naveen Holy Health Hospital Gautam Colony
# Guignol

Guignol (French:) is the main character in a French puppet show which has come to bear his name. It represents the workers in the silk industry of France. Although often thought of as children's entertainment, Guignol's sharp wit and linguistic verve have always been appreciated by adults as well, as shown by the motto of a prominent Lyon troupe: "Guignol amuses children… and witty adults."

## History

Laurent Mourguet, Guignol's creator, was born into a family of modest silk weavers on 3 March 1769. The certificate of his marriage to Jeanne Esterle in 1788 shows he was unable to read. When hard times fell on the silk trade during the French Revolution, he became a peddler and, in 1797, started to practice dentistry, which in those days was simply the pulling of teeth. The service was free; the money was made from the medicines sold afterward to ease the pain. To attract patients, he started setting up a puppet show in front of his dentist's chair.
Mourguet's first shows featured Polichinelle, a character borrowed from the Italian commedia dell'arte who, in Britain, would become Punch. By 1804, the success was such that he gave up dentistry altogether and became a professional puppeteer, creating his own scenarios drawing on the concerns of his working-class audience and improvising references to the news of the day. He developed characters closer to the daily lives of his Lyon audience, first Gnafron, a wine-loving cobbler, later Guignol, in 1808. Other characters, including Guignol's wife Madelon and the gendarme Flageolet soon followed, but these are never much more than foils for the two heroes.
Although nominally a silkweaver like much of his original audience, Guignol's profession changes, as does his marital status; he can be in turn valet, peddler, carpenter, shoemaker, or unemployed; at times he is Madelon's husband, at times her smitten suitor, according to requirements of the scenario. What remain constant are his poverty, but more importantly his good humor and his sense of justice. The use in French of "guignol" as an insult meaning "buffoon" is a curious misnomer, as Guignol is clever, courageous, and generous; his inevitable victory is always the triumph of good over evil.
Sixteen of Mourguet's children and grandchildren continued his tradition, and many of the companies performing today can trace their artistic heritage back to him, although Laurent Mourguet's last descendant, Jean-Guy Mourguet, died on 8 October 2012, at the age of 82, after working all his life in the Theatre de Guignol at Lyon. Jean-Guy learned his job helping his grandmother Augustine and then his parents. He later became the director of the theatre until his death.
Guignol's original caustic satire has often been watered down to simple children's fare, and has even been used to parody grand opera, but his original spirit still survives in his hometown of Lyon, where both traditional and original contemporary performances are an integral part of local culture. In addition to his social satire, Guignol has become an important protector of the local dialect, the parler lyonnais [fr] ("Lyonnais dialect").
# Cloudesley Brereton

Cloudesley Brereton (1863–1937) was a British educationalist and writer with a particular interest in the teaching of modern languages. He was also a literary translator from French.

## Life

Brereton was born on 21 November 1863. He studied at St John's College, Cambridge and the University of Paris. After teaching at the London School of Economics for a short period he became inspector of modern-language teaching for the County of London. In 1904, he married a widow, Maud Adeline Horobin (née Ford), with whom he had two sons.
From 1906 to 1931, he was a member of the progressive association The Rainbow Circle, where he propounded educational reforms.
Taking an interest in the academic training of language teachers, he worked for closer intellectual exchange with both Germany and France. In 1927 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Lille.
Brereton died in Briningham, Norfolk, on 11 July 1937, aged 73.

## Publications

Apart from his contributions to educational journals and to the 14th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1929–1930), Brereton wrote poetry and non-fiction books, and translated French works into English.

### Books

* Studies in Foreign Education (1913)
* Who is Responsible? (1914)
* The Norfolk Recruit's Farewell: A Ballad (1917)
* Mystica et Lyrica (1919)
* Modern Language Teaching in Day and Evening Schools (1930)
* France: A Handbook for Beginners in French (1936)

### Translations

In 1905 he translated Gabriel Tarde's dystopian science fiction novel, Fragment d'histoire future (1904) as Underground Man.
With Fred Rothwell he translated Henri Bergson's Laughter. First published in 1911, their translation went through several editions to 2005.
Brereson and R. Ashley Audra, with the assistance of W. Horsfall Carter, translated Bergson's The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (1935).
# Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's road time trial T1–2

The men's time trial class T1-2 road cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 31 August 2021 at the Fuji Speedway, Japan. 9 riders all from different nations competed in this event.
The T1–2 classification is for cyclists who have an impairment which affects their balance. They compete with a three-wheeled cycle called a tricycle - three wheels providing more balance than a standard two-wheeled cycle.

## Results

The event took place on 31 August 2021, at 15:23:
| Rank | Rider | Nationality | Class | Real Time | Finish Time | Deficit |
| | Chen Jianxin | China | T1 | 28:54.88 | 25:00.32 | |
| | Giorgio Farroni | Italy | T1 | 32:10.83 | 27:49.78 | +2:49.46 |
| | Tim Celen | Belgium | T2 | 30:44.21 | 30:44.21 | +5:43.89 |
| 4 | Joan Reinosa Figuerola | Spain | T2 | 31:07.27 | 31:07.27 | +6:06.95 |
| 5 | Stuart Jones | Australia | T2 | 31:12.94 | 31:12.94 | +6:12.62 |
| 6 | Juan José Betancourt Quiroga | Colombia | T2 | 31:15.64 | 31:15.64 | +6:15.32 |
| 7 | Sergei Semochkin | RPC | T1 | 36:30.61 | 31:34.44 | +6:34.12 |
| 8 | Stephen Hills | New Zealand | T2 | 32:26.36 | 32:26.36 | +7:26.04 |
| 9 | Matthew Rodriguez | United States | T2 | 32:29.47 | 32:29.47 | +7:29.15 |
Factors
    T1 – 86.480
    T2 – 100.00
# Keramat Daneshian

Keramat Daneshian (1944, Shiraz – 18 February 1974, Tehran) (کرامت‌الله دانشیان) was an Iranian director, poet and communist activist. In 1974, he was convicted, along with Khosrow Golsorkhi, of plotting to kidnap the Shah of Iran's son, allegedly to pressure SAVAK into releasing certain imprisoned members of his group. They were both later executed.
# John Michael Crim

John Michael "Red" Crim is a Maltese businessman who, in 2008, was convicted in Philadelphia with two associates of a plot to cheat the American Internal Revenue Service out of approximately $10m in tax revenue.
Crim resides in Malta. He was convicted of providing others with a tool to use in cheating the US government out of tax money. The corporations that Crim created was used by others to commit unlawful acts. Crim had no direct involvement with clients' taxes. Read the story in book called "From Here to Malta".
# Cubanichthys

Cubanichthys is a small genus of pupfishes endemic to the Caribbean Islands of Cuba and Jamaica. The name of this genus is a compound of Cuba, where the genus was thought to be endemic until C. pengellyi was placed in the genus, and the Greek word for fish, ichthys.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Cubanichthys cubensis (C. H. Eigenmann, 1903) (Cuban killifish)
* Cubanichthys pengelleyi (Fowler, 1939) (Jamaican killifish)