OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chongwenmenwai Subdistrict

Chongwenmenwai Subdistrict (Chinese: 崇文门外街道; pinyin: chóngwénménwài jiēdào) is a subdistrict located in the southern part of Dongcheng District, Beijing, China. As of 2020, It has a population of 44,545.
The subdistrict got its current name due to its location outside of Chongwenmen (Chinese: 崇文门; lit. 'Revere Culture Gate'), a gate of the former Beijing city wall.

## History

Timeline of changes in the status of Chongwenmenwai :
| Year | Status |
| 1947 | Part of 8th and 10th Districts |
| 1954 | Divided into four street offices: Shihunandayuan, Caochangbatiao, Jinmao and Xuejiawan |
| 1958 | Combined into the Dongxinglong Street Office, changed to Chongwenmenwai Subdistrict later the same year. |
| 1966 | Renamed Nanchanglu Subdistrict |
| 1979 | Restored as Chongwenmenwai Subdistrict |

## Administrative Division

As of 2021, there are a total of 11communities in the subdistrict. They are as follows:
| Administrative Division Code | Community Name in English | Community Name in Simplified Chinese |
| 110101012001 | Xinglong Dushi Xingyuan | 兴隆都市馨园 |
| 110101012002 | Xinshijie Jiayuan | 新世界家园 |
| 110101012003 | Chongwenmen Dongdajie | 崇文门东大街 |
| 110101012004 | Chongwenmen Xidajie | 崇文门西大街 |
| 110101012005 | Xihuashinanli Dongqu | 西花市南里东区 |
| 110101012006 | Xihuashinanli Xiqu | 西花市南里西区 |
| 110101012008 | Xinyi Jiayuan | 新怡家园 |
| 110101012009 | Xihuashinanli Nanqu | 西花市南里南区 |
| 110101012010 | Guoruicheng Xiqu | 国瑞城西区 |
| 110101012011 | Guoruicheng Zhongqu | 国瑞城中区 |
| 110101012012 | Guoruicheng Dongqu | 国瑞城东区 |
# CIS Super League

The CIS Super League is a generic term given to the proposed association football league for the teams from Commonwealth of Independent States, mainly Russia and Ukraine. It is thought to be an idea inspired by the Kontinental Hockey League. Valery Gazzaev was the head of the committee in charge of the united league.

## History

In 2012 UEFA gave the green light to the BeNe League, a top division of the women's league to include teams from both Belgium and Netherlands. Yevgeni Giner, chairman of CSKA Moscow has stated that he believes that this means that UEFA “has said it will allow the unification of championships”.
The sponsor of the league is to be Gazprom. Gazprom are the owners of the cross-border KHL team SKA Saint Petersburg and Russian Premier League team FC Zenit Saint Petersburg.
Fourteen of the sixteen clubs in the Russian Premier League and a Ukrainian club have attended meetings to discuss the formation of the new competition. The Times have reported that FC Shakhtar Donetsk and FC Dynamo Kiev of Ukraine, and FC BATE Borisov of Belarus, may be interested in the proposal.
Terek Grozny did not attend meetings and their vice-president Khaidar Alkhanov described the proposal as a "crazy scheme" and suggested it is disrespectful to the teams who would be left behind by the larger clubs.
FIFA's Sepp Blatter opposes the proposal referring to it as "impossible". He also said that "It goes against the principles of FIFA, therefore FIFA would never support such idea," and "We will never reconsider the boundaries of national leagues".
Finally, the project was closed in October 2015.
# Presidential Fleet Review

Presidential Fleet Review may refer to:
* President's fleet review, the review of the fleet by the President of India
* Naval Review, the review of the fleet by the President of the United States
# Paul Laudicina

Paul A. Laudicina (born August 9, 1949) is the chairman of the Global Business Policy Council, Partner and Chairman Emeritus of A.T. Kearney. He was elected as the manager officer of A.T. Kearney in September 2006 after the management buyout of the firm from EDS and was re-elected to a second term in 2009. Laudicina is also the founder and Chairman of A.T. Kearney's Global Business Policy Council, a strategic service for CEOs. He currently serves as a member of the President's Export Council.
He is also the author of numerous articles and books and a speaker on economic issues. He featured as one of the "Top 25 Most Influential Consultants" by Consulting Magazine in 2005 and 2007.

## Education

He holds a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Chicago.

## Career

His career has included positions as research associate for the UN Center for Economic and Social Information, Associate Fellow of the Overseas Development Council, Legislative Director in the United States Senate, and Vice President of SRI International (Stanford Research Institute), where he founded its policy division.
In 2020, Laudicina was named a volunteer member of the Joe Biden presidential transition Agency Review Team to support transition efforts related to the Department of Commerce.
He is a member of a number of professional associations:
* American Economic Association
* Academy of Political Science
* Council on Foreign Relations
* Vice Chancellor of the International Academy of Management
He is a member of the Executive's Club of Chicago, and attended the World Economic Forum in 2008, 2009, and 2012.

## Books

* World Out of Balance: Navigating Global Risks to Seize Competitive Advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. ISBN 978-0-07-143918-3. It has been published in French, as Le désordre du monde : les grands axes de l'avenir, in German as Trendbuch Internationalisierung : wie Ihr Unternehmen vom Wandel profitiert, in Japanese as 明日の世界を読む力 : ビジネスリーダーのための / Asu no sekai o yomu chikara : Bijinesurīdā no tameno,
* World poverty and development: a survey of American opinion Washington, Overseas Development Council, 1973 OCLC 866226; the book was reviewed in The American Political Science Review, March 1977, vol. 71, no. 1, p. 418–419.
* Beating the Global Odds: Successful Decision-Making in a Confused and Troubled World Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2012
# Talvik, Norway

Talvik (Norwegian), Dálbmeluovta (Northern Sami), or Talmulahti (Kven) is a village in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county in Norway. It is located on the western shore of the Altafjorden, along the European route E6 highway. The 0.37-square-kilometre (91-acre) village has a population (2023) of 291 and a population density of 786 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,040/sq mi).

## History

The village is an old Norwegian trading centre since the 1600s. Talvik Church is located in the village. The village of Talvik was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Talvik from 1863 until 1964 when it was merged into Alta municipality.

### Name

The village is named after the old Talvik farm since the first Talvik Church was built there. The first element of the name is rather uncertain. If the first element was of Old Norse origin then it is derived from the word Þelli which means "pine" (due to the large number of pine trees in the area). The other explanation is that it is a corruption of the Northern Sami word Dálbme or the longer name Dálbmeluokta (historic spelling) which translates as "fog" or "fog bay". The early Norwegian settlers would have translated that as tåkebukta (meaning "fog bay") and this could have been corrupted from tåke to tal. The last element of the name is vík which means "inlet" or "cove". Historically, the name was spelled Talvig using the old Danish spelling, and later it was "Norwegianized" to Talvik.

## Media gallery

* Winter view of the village
* View of the village in 2006
* Summer view of the harbor
* View of the local church
# Richard Conn Henry

Richard Conn Henry (born 7 March 1940) is an Academy Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University, author of one book and over 200 publications on the topics of astrophysics and various forms of astronomy including optical, radio, ultraviolet, and X-ray. He reports being part of a team that discovered "vastly more baryons than had ever before been found in the universe". He is also cited in the effort to recategorize Pluto as a dwarf planet.
He initially joined the Johns Hopkins University Physics Department in 1968 as the first JHU astronomer since 1908. After a stint at NASA, he returned to help attract in 1981 the Space Telescope Science Institute to JHU, an organization that now employs 500, including 100 PhDs.
More recently he has attracted popular press for the SETI ecliptic search idea and the Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar. The SETI ecliptic search idea suggests focusing SETI efforts in the ecliptic plane in which distant hypothetical observers can see the Earth's transit of the sun. The Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar is one in which the number of days in a year is always divisible by seven, such that holidays always fall on the same day of the week. Most years have only four quarters of 91 days, while every five or six years an extra week is inserted at the end of December.
He is also active in various organizations, including the Streit Council, where as of 2012 he is president; the Maryland Space Grant Consortium; and an organization he founded, the Henry Foundation, which "sponsors improved worldwide understanding of physics". He earned a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1967.
He is cited for providing, for black holes that are rotating, and/or are electrically charged, the Kretschmann scalar, which characterizes their degree of curvature.
# Prellenkirchen

Prellenkirchen is a town in the district of Bruck an der Leitha in Lower Austria in Austria.

## Geography

Prellenkirchen lies in the industrial area of Lower Austria. About 5.55 percent of the municipality is forested.
# Myron Samuel Malkin

Myron Samuel Malkin (1924 - 1994) was a U.S. administrator and physicist. Malkin was the father and first director of the U.S. Space Shuttle program from 1973 to 1980.
Malkin was born in Youngstown, Ohio. He served in the United States Marine Corp during World War II. He was involved with the US takeover of Iow Jima. He studied at Yale University eventually earning his Ph.D. there in nuclear physics.

## Sources

* New York Times obityuary for Malkin
* This article about an American physicist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# HMS Violet (K35)

HMS Violet (K35) was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War.

## Construction and career
### Royal Navy

Built at Simons & Co in Renfrew on the River Clyde, the ship was laid down on 21 March 1940. The ship was launched 30 December 1940 and commissioned 3 February 1941.
Along with HMS Malcolm and others, the ship shared credit for the sinking of the German submarine U-651 on 29 June 1941. The ship then rescued some 16 survivors from the steamship Grayburn which had been sunk earlier by U-651.
In January 1942, the ship was involved in Operation Postmaster. In 1942, the ship was retrofitted, repainted in dazzle camouflage and received an upgrade to her anti-aircraft batteries for a total of six Oerlikon 20 mm cannon on board.
The ship sank U-641 single-handed 19 January 1944.
The ship was paid off 10 February 1946.

### Civilian service

The ship was sold on 17 May 1947 to Zubi Shipping of London for use as a mercantile ship and renamed La Aguerra. The ship was resold in 1949 to Spain as mercantile La Guera then in 1958 as mercantile Claudio Sabadell. The ship was scrapped in October 1970 at Bilbao.
# Charlie Spares

Charles William Reginald Spares (1917 – 29 October 1958), also commonly known as Chuck Spares, was a British jockey. Although predominantly a National Hunt jockey, his biggest victory came on the flat, when he won the 1951 Epsom Derby on Arctic Prince.

## Career

Charlie Spares was born in 1917 in Upton-upon-Severn, and became apprentice jockey to trainer Len Cundell at Chilton, Berkshire, riding his first victory on Penny-a-Liner at Birmingham Racecourse on 31 October 1932. In 1936, he switched codes to ride over hurdles. He gained a big victory on the flat in the 1944 November Handicap on Kerry Piper and also won the final race run in wartime Britain - on a horse called Wisecrack in a maiden race at Stockton on 1 September 1945, the evening before the Japanese surrender.
After the war, he rode initially for Ernie Davey's stable in Malton, Yorkshire, and then for Willie Stephenson in Royston, Hertfordshire, for whom he rode under both codes. For Stephenson, he won the biggest race of career when he rode Arctic Prince in the Epsom Derby, winning at odds of 28/1 in a field of thirty-three.
In the race, the favourite, Ki Ming, disputed the lead with Mystery IX as the field approached Tattenham Corner, at which point Arctic Prince was still moving through the field. Arctic Prince overtook Mystery IX to take the lead early in the straight and pulled clear to win by six lengths from Sybil's Nephew for what was reported to be "one of the easiest triumphs in the recent history of the race." Spares explained that "I took the lead and then it was all over." With a total prize of £22,625, it was the most valuable race ever run in England at the time.
The following year was numerically Spares' most successful, winning 21 winners from 193 rides, and in 1953 he won the Sussex Stakes on King Of The Tudors. However, his association with Stephenson ended the same year, his health began to fail and he quit riding. A comeback in the spring of 1958, with the support of trainer Harry Blackshaw in Middleham, was unsuccessful, and he died there, aged 41, on 28 October 1958. He left a widow and three sons, one of whom, also known as Chuck, was a racehorse trainer, best known for training Ascot Hurdle winner Ibn Majed.

## Major wins

Great Britain
* Epsom Derby - Arctic Prince (1951)
* Sussex Stakes - King Of The Tudors (1953)
# Judge Nickerson

Judge Nickerson may refer to:
* Eugene Nickerson (1918–2002), judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
* William M. Nickerson (born 1933), judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland
# Malcontents (France)

The Malcontents were a faction of gentlemen in the "fifth" French War of Religion (1574–1576). They opposed the policy of Henry of Valois, duc d'Anjou, who had become king under the name Henry III on 30 May 1574, and allied themselves with the Huguenots. The leader was the King's brother Francis, Duke of Alençon (made Duke of Anjou in 1576).
The main goal of the Malcontents was to oppose the absolutist ambitions of the King. Established in 1574, they were unhappy (malcontent) with the way the King treated the old French nobility.
The Malcontent movement has been compared to the Fronde, 70 years later.

## Members

The Malcontents had both Catholic and Huguenot members. The leaders were:
* The Duke of Alençon, Catholic and the King's younger brother
* Henri I de Montmorency, Catholic
* Guillaume de Montmorency-Thoré, Catholic
* Henri, Prince of Condé, Protestant
* Henri de Navarre, Protestant and future King Henry IV of France
* John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern, German Protestant supporter of the Huguenots in France
# Maesara gallegoi

Maesara gallegoi is a moth in the family Depressariidae, and the only species in the genus Maesara. It was described by Clarke in 1968 and is found in Colombia.
The wingspan is 18–36 mm. The forewings are umber brown, the costa broadly edged with chestnut brown, this band narrowing toward the apex. The veins in the costal half of the wing are emphasized by chestnut brown. In the cell, at one-third, is an ochraceous buff spot mixed with a few black scales and on the fold, slightly beyond one-third, is a similar spot. There is a more conspicuous, well-defined, ochraceous buff spot at the end of the cell and there are ochraceous buff scales irregularly and sparsely scattered over the surface of the wing. The hindwings are greyish fuscous, thinly scaled basad.
The larvae feed on Pyrus malus, boring in the twigs of their host plant.

## Etymology

The species is named for Dr. F. Luis Gallego M., dean of South American entomology.
# Kleier

Kleier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Kleier, American engineer and businessman
* Roger Kleier (born 1958), American composer, guitarist, improviser, and producer
* Sean Kleier (born 1987), American actor
# Jan Rybkowski

Jan Izydor Rybkowski (4 April 1912 – 29 December 1987) was a Polish film director. He directed 30 films between 1949 and 1984. His 1961 film Tonight a City Will Die was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. Two years later, he was a member of the jury at the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival.

## Selected filmography

* Warsaw Premiere (1951)
* Nikodem Dyzma (1956)
* Kapelusz pana Anatola (1957)
* Pan Anatol szuka miliona (1958)
* Inspekcja pana Anatola (1959)
* Tonight a City Will Die (1961)
* Spotkanie w "Bajce" aka Meeting in the Fable (1962)
* Chłopi (TV series) (1972)
* The Peasants (1973)
* Gniazdo (1974)
* Rodzina Połanieckich (TV series) (1978)
* Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy (TV series) (1980)
# Myron Scott

Myron E. Scott (September 16, 1907 – October 4, 1998) was the creator of the All-American Soap Box Derby. He is also credited with naming Chevrolet's sports car, the Corvette.
Scott was born in Camden, Ohio. After school hours, he worked for the Dayton Daily News and learned photography, and had pictures published in Life Magazine and other publications.
In 1933, as chief photographer for the Dayton Daily News, he came across a few boys racing one another down a hill in vehicles made of orange crates and soap boxes. With the intention of getting a good photo story and local race with prizes, he persuaded the boys to return with more racers and soapbox cars.
Scott was so enthusiastic with the whole concept that he acquired its copyright; the national-scale Soap Box Derby grew out of this idea. In 1934, Scott managed to persuade 50 cities across the United States to hold soap box car races and send a champion each to Dayton for a major race, a proposal that Chevrolet subsequently sponsored in 1935. The race was later held at Talmadge Hill in Akron, Ohio.
Scott later went on to work for Chevrolet, where he named the Corvette. Chevrolet wanted a non-animal name starting with "C" for the sports car in 1953, and Scott chose the name of a fast ship, the corvette.
# Taíno ritual seat

The Taíno ritual seat is a Pre-Columbian wooden seat made in the form of a man on all fours. It was made by the Taino people and found in a cave near the city of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. The seat was made before Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean and is an important remnant of the Taino culture and civilisation that existed before the arrival of Europeans.

## Description

The seat is made from the dense hardwood called Lignum vitae. In this case the Lignum vitae is from the Guaiacum officinale tree. This tree's flowers are the national flower of Jamaica. The small chair is made in the form of a man on all fours. The head is decorated with gold and the figure is carved with male genitals underneath.

## Importance

Duhos are carved seats found in the houses of Taino caciques or chiefs throughout the Caribbean region. Duhos “figured prominently in the maintenance of Taino political and ideological systems . . . [and were] . . . literally seats of power, prestige, and ritual.” Duhos made of wood and stone have both been found, though those made of wood tend not to last as well as the stone chairs and are, therefore, much rarer. This seat is one of two Taíno seats called Duho in the British Museum that were originally found on the island of Hispaniola. The other is also modelled anthropomorphically on a man, but in that case the resemblance to a man on his stomach is more proportional. There is another wooden duho in the collections of the British Museum that was found on the island of Eleuthera in the Bahamas.

## Purpose

Some of the first people that Christopher Columbus met in the American continent were the Taino people. Their 7,000-year-old civilisation did not benefit from pre-colonial contact as many were later enslaved or died of disease. It was noted by early explorers that some of their time the Taino people were using hallucinogenic drugs. The drug and the pipes that were used are called cohoba. It is likely that one of these chiefs used this seat to smoke these drugs. The British Museum's seat has a bowl above the figures head, which may have been used to hold cohoba during rituals involving the Zemi gods.

## History of the World

This chair from the British Museum was chosen to be one of the History of the World in 100 Objects which was a series of radio programmes that started in 2010 and that were created in a partnership between the BBC and the British Museum.
# Christian Herald

The Christian Herald was an American weekly newspaper reporting on topics relevant to Evangelical Christianity, with an emphasis on engaging with humanitarian causes at home and abroad. It was inspired by the London-based newspaper which ceased publication in 2006.
Under the leadership of Louis Klopsch, the Herald sponsored a variety of domestic ministries, including The Bowery Mission and Mont Lawn Camp.

## History

A take on the London-based newspaper of the same name, the American Herald was started in 1878 in New York City by business manager Joseph Spurgeon (a cousin of Charles H. Spurgeon) and editor Dr. B. J. Fernie after they conceived the idea with Rev. Michael P. Baxter, the founder of the original London-based paper. Along with the newspaper, Spurgeon also ran a charity under the same auspices devoted to poor relief and evangelizing. Thomas De Witt Talmage served as editor from 1890 to 1902.
In 1898, the Herald was purchased by Louis Klopsch, who further expanded the charitable operations and spread the publication to overseas locations.
In 1927, Reverend Daniel A. Poling became the editor, a post he held until 1966. In 1948, the Herald started the "Family Bookshelf," a book subscription group of Christian-friendly literature.
Declining circulation forced the Herald to relocate from Manhattan to Chappaqua, New York, in 1971. By 1992, the newspaper ceased publication, but the charitable outreach arm still exists, having relocated back to Manhattan in 1998.
In the early months of 2006, the Christian Herald, having ceased any and all publications, was dissolved. Its continued impact on The Bowery Mission in New York City has been cited as one of its "most significant and enduring effects" of its humanitarian commitments.

## Notable people

* Louis Klopsch, proprietor
* Thomas De Witt Talmage, editor
* Sara Jane Crafts (1845-1930), contributor, editor, The Christian Herald
# HMS Viper (1807)

HMS Viper was launched at Cowes in 1805 as the mercantile schooner Princess Charlotte. The Royal Navy purchased her in 1807. Lieutenant William Towning commissioned her. On 9 (or 18) February 1809 she sailed from Cadiz for Gibraltar. She never arrived and was presumed to have foundered with all hands.
She was carrying as a passenger Robert Arbuthnot, the former Chief Secretary in Ceylon.

## Citations

* 1 2 Winfield (2008), p. 371.
* ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 128.
* ↑ "MARINE INTELLIGENCE". 14 February 1810, Aberdeen Journal (Aberdeen, Scotland) Issue: 3240.
# Maesa (disambiguation)

Maesa is a genus of flowering plants.
Maesa could also refer to:
* Iolaus maesa, a species of butterfly found in West and Central Africa
* Julia Maesa (died c. 224 AD), a Roman historical figure
* Maesa Stadium, a stadium located in Tondano, Indonesia
* Djenar Maesa Ayu (born 1973), an Indonesian novelist, actress, and filmmaker
# Kleidocerys

Kleidocerys is a genus of seed bugs in the family Lygaeidae. There are about 17 described species in Kleidocerys.

## Species

These 17 species belong to the genus Kleidocerys:
* Kleidocerys costaricensis Cervantes & Brailovsky, 2010
* Kleidocerys denticollis (Stal, 1874)
* Kleidocerys dimidiatus Barber, 1953
* Kleidocerys ericae (Horvath, 1909)
* Kleidocerys franciscanus (Stal, 1859)
* Kleidocerys hispaniola Baranowski, 2005
* Kleidocerys modestus Barber, 1953
* Kleidocerys nubilus (Distant, 1883)
* Kleidocerys obovatus (Van Duzee, 1931)
* Kleidocerys ovalis Barber, 1953
* Kleidocerys pallipes Brailovsky, 1976
* Kleidocerys privignus (Horvath, 1894)
* Kleidocerys punctatus (Distant, 1893)
* Kleidocerys resedae (Panzer, 1793) (birch catkin bug)
* Kleidocerys suffusus Barber, 1947
* Kleidocerys truncatulus (Walker, 1872)
* Kleidocerys virescens Fabricius, 1794