OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palla Nangal

Palla Nangal is a village in Dera Baba Nanak in Gurdaspur district of Punjab State, India. It is located 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) from sub district headquarter and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, The village has a total number of 19 houses and the population of 102 of which 48 are males while 54 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 0 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
# Mohun (surname)

Mohun is an Irish or Anglo-Norman surname.

## People with this surname

* Guy Mohun (died 1407), English royal administrator and bishop
* Michael Mohun (1616?–1684), British actor
* Richard Mohun (1865–1915), American explorer and soldier of fortune
* William Mohun, English politician
* Philippa de Mohun (died 1431), Duchess of York
* William de Mohun of Dunster, 1st Earl of Somerset (c. 1090 – c. 1155), English lord
* Baron Mohun a title in the English peerage created in 1299
** John de Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun (1320–1376)
* Baron Mohun of Okehampton, a title in the English peerage created in 1628
** John Mohun (1595–1641), the first Baron
** Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun (c. 1675 – 1712)
# John Tapener

John Tapener (fl. 1394) was an English politician. Tapener was a Member of Parliament for Devizes, Wiltshire in 1394. In 1379, he had paid 6d. in poll tax in Devizes. His occupation was then listed as shoemaker.
# Jacksonian

Jacksonian may refer to:
* Jacksonian democracy, American political philosophy
* Jacksonian seizure, in neurology
# Hugh Murray

Hugh Murray may refer to:
* Hugh Murray (footballer) (born 1979), Scottish professional footballer
* Hugh Murray (geographer) (1779–1846), Scottish geographer
* Hugh Murray (judge) (1825–1857), third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California
* Hugh Murray (rugby union) (1912–2003), Scottish international rugby union player
* Hugh Murray-Aynsley (1828–1917), Member of Parliament in Canterbury, New Zealand
* Hugh Murray (York historian) (1923–2013), a pre-eminent British historian of the city of York
* Muzz Murray (Hugh Washington Murray, 1891–1961), American ice hockey player
# Gross Walenstock

The Gross Walenstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden in Central Switzerland. On its northern side it overlooks the Bannalpsee.
The Gross Walenstock is part of the group named Walenstöcke.
The closest localities are Oberrickenbach (Nidwalden) and Engelberg (Obwalden).
# Palling

Palling is a municipality in the district of Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.
# Kashmira Kakati

Kashmira Kakati is a wildlife biologist and environmental activist working the North Eastern forests of India. In 2010, she announced the discovery of the presence of seven species of wild cats in the Jeypore-Dehing forests in Assam. Her work using camera traps to find wild cats was featured in the first episode of the BBC documentary Lost Land of the Tiger (2010).

## Education

Kakati graduated from the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. She pursued her doctorate research on gibbons in Assam as part of the Wildlife Research Group, University of Cambridge. As part of her schooling she attend the Lawrence School Sanawar in the Simla Hills, India.

## Career

Kakati's doctoral research was on the hoolock gibbons of Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary. While performing this research, she became curious about the predator tracks that she kept finding on the grounds of the lowlands. This interest led to her work with cats.
In 2007-2009 Kakati and her team set up 30 digital camera traps in the Jeypore-Dehing lowland evergreen forests of Assam during which her team recorded seven species of cats and other rare forest animals. The research found 7 cat species in a 354-square-mile (570-square-kilometer) range—the highest diversity of cat species yet photographed in a single area. In 2012-2015, she studied mammal occurrence in a forest and swidden agriculture matrix in the Balpakram area of Meghalaya state, India, documenting 51 species of mammals, among which were 5 species of cats.
Kakati's research was supported by the Assam Forest Department and funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), the Wildlife Conservation Society–India Program and the Rufford Small Grants Foundation, United Kingdom.

## Areas of work

Kakati's area of work includes wildlife conservation, species diversity, biodiversity monitoring and animal ecology.
In 2011, Kakati authored a report critical of Indian government plans to build a highway through a wildlife sanctuary. Two years later, it was still "the only known impact study" for this 99 km road project connecting India to Burma.
In 2014, Kakati filed a petition seeking legal protection for the elephant corridors under the Environment Protection Act. She alleged that the state government allowed Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) to construct an oil dispatch terminal in the Golai elephant corridor in violation of environment laws. According to Kakati's petition, around 295 elephants use the two corridors to migrate from one end to the other of the reserved forest which is also home to over 40 species of mammals and 19 carnivores.
# Cutters Choice

Cutters Choice is a fine-cut hand-rolling tobacco manufactured in the Netherlands by British American Tobacco. It is sold in 30 g and 50 g pouches. Prior to 20 May 2017, when the sale of smaller quantities of tobacco was outlawed in the EU, it used to be sold in 10 g, 12.5 g, 25 g & 50 g pouches. In addition, Cutters Choice was previously available in 50 g tins as well as 100 g pouches which were both discontinued in 2017.

## Overview

The EU Tobacco Products Directive which took effect on 1 July 2017 removed all brandings, descriptions, and attractive colourisation from tobacco products, leaving only government health warnings and, disturbing pictures of tobacco-related illnesses. Only the manufacturer's name and brands are allowed to distinguish one pouch from another. The use of tobacco strength indicators with words such as 'light' or 'smooth' was also outlawed leaving the industry to use somewhat subliminal brand names for their products. In Cutter's Choice case, their 'smooth' blend became 'extra fine'. The 'extra fine' blend is simply cut slightly finer than the original but it has a noticeably harsher flavour.
Cutters Choice is a blend of gold and bronze Virginia tobacco and has mild, smooth and flavourful qualities. Cutters Choice is mainly smoked in the United Kingdom and Ireland and its popularity is attributed to its mid-range pricing strategy.
30 g and 50 g pouches available in the United Kingdom include a pack of chlorine-free cigarette papers.
# Kawasoe, Saga

Kawasoe (川副町, Kawasoe-machi) was a town located in Saga District, Saga Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2006, the town had an estimated population of 18,492 and a density of 398 persons per km$^2$. Its total area was 46.49 km$^2$.
On October 1, 2007, Kawasoe, along with the towns of Higashiyoka and Kubota (all from Saga District), was merged into the expanded city of Saga.
Saga Airport was located in the former territory of Kawasoe.

## Climate

Climate data for Kawasoe (2003−2020 normals, extremes 2003−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) | 20.1 (68.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 28.1 (82.6) | 32.3 (90.1) | 34.9 (94.8) | 36.8 (98.2) | 37.1 (98.8) | 35.3 (95.5) | 32.2 (90.0) | 26.6 (79.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 37.1 (98.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.4 (52.5) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.4 (86.7) | 32.2 (90.0) | 29.0 (84.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 18.2 (64.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 21.1 (69.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) | 6.6 (43.9) | 9.7 (49.5) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.3 (66.7) | 23.0 (73.4) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.9 (82.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 18.6 (65.5) | 12.8 (55.0) | 7.0 (44.6) | 16.3 (61.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) | 1.7 (35.1) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 19.5 (67.1) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 20.2 (68.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 7.5 (45.5) | 2.1 (35.8) | 11.7 (53.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.5 (14.9) | −6.2 (20.8) | −4.4 (24.1) | −0.2 (31.6) | 4.2 (39.6) | 10.8 (51.4) | 17.6 (63.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 11.1 (52.0) | 3.4 (38.1) | −1.3 (29.7) | −5.2 (22.6) | −9.5 (14.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40.4 (1.59) | 73.7 (2.90) | 97.3 (3.83) | 123.9 (4.88) | 149.4 (5.88) | 265.4 (10.45) | 370.6 (14.59) | 212.5 (8.37) | 157.1 (6.19) | 90.9 (3.58) | 73.9 (2.91) | 59.4 (2.34) | 1,714.4 (67.50) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.8 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 102.8 |
| Source: JMA ||||||||||||||
# Grosmannia

Grosmannia is a genus of fungi in the family Ophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed by G. Goidànich in 1936.
The genus name of Grosmannia is in honour of Helene Margarete Amalie Francke-Grosmann (1900 - 1990), who was a German botanist (Mycology) and Phytopathologist.
The genus was circumscribed by Gabriele Goidànich in Boll. Staz. Patol. Veg. Roma ser.2, Vol.16 on page 31 in 1936.

## Species

* Grosmannia abiocarpa
* Grosmannia aenigmatica
* Grosmannia americana
* Grosmannia aurea
* Grosmannia cainii
* Grosmannia clavigera
* Grosmannia crassivaginata
* Grosmannia cucullata
* Grosmannia davidsonii
* Grosmannia dryocoetis
* Grosmannia europhioides
* Grosmannia francke-grosmanniae
* Grosmannia galeiformis
* Grosmannia huntii
* Grosmannia laricis
* Grosmannia olivacea
* Grosmannia pseudoeurophioides
* Grosmannia robusta
* Grosmannia sagmatospora
* Grosmannia wageneri
# Matthew 15:1

Matthew 15:1 is a verse in the fifteenth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.

## Content

In the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort, this verse is:
    Τότε προσέρχονται τῷ Ἰησοῦ οἱ ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, λέγοντες,
In the King James Version of the Bible, the text reads:
    Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem, saying,
The New International Version translates the passage as:
    Then some Pharisees and teachers of the law came to Jesus from Jerusalem and asked,

## Analysis

The Jewish scribes were said to be proud of their knowledge of the law, while the Pharisees were proud of their sanctity. Those from Jerusalem were reputed as being the most learned of all. Theologian Johann Bengel makes the point that these events could not have taken place at the time of the Passover, when the Pharisees and scribes would have been in Jerusalem. John's Gospel notes in connection with the Feeding of the Five Thousand, "the Passover, a feast of the Jews, was near"; in Matthew's Gospel the feeding of the five thousand is recorded in chapter 14 shortly before this event. Henry Alford connects these accounts, suggesting that the Scribes and Pharisees "had come expressly from Jerusalem to watch our Lord: most probably after that Passover which was nigh" at the time when the multitude were fed.

## Commentary from the Church Fathers

Rabanus Maurus: "The men of Gennezareth and the less learned believe; but they who seem to be wise come to dispute with Him; according to that, Thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. Whence it is said, Then came to him from Jerusalem Scribes and Pharisees."
Augustine: "The Evangelist thus constructs the order of his narrative, Then came unto him, that, as appeared in the passage over the lake, the order of the events that followed that might be shown."
Chrysostom: "For this reason also the Evangelist marks the time that He may show their iniquity overcome by nothing; for they came to Him at a time when He had wrought many miracles, when He had healed the sick by the touch of His hem. That the Scribes and Pharisees are here said to have come from Jerusalem, it should be known that they were dispersed through all the tribes, but those that dwelt in the Metropolis were worse than the others, their higher dignity inspiring them with a greater degree of pride."
# Owen Brennan (restaurateur)

Owen Edward Brennan Sr. (April 5, 1910 – November 4, 1955), was a restaurateur in his native New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1946 he founded the original Owen Brennan's Vieux Carre Restaurant on Bourbon St. Owen relocated his operations to 417 Royal St. The Royal St restaurant would soon be known as "Brennan's Restaurant," and opened shortly after Owen's sudden death in 1955.

## Biography

Brennan was born to Owen Patrick Brennan (1886-1958) and the former Nellie Valentine. As the oldest of six children, Brennan felt the need to support his family from a young age. He and his wife, Maude, had three sons, Owen Jr., James, and Theodore. Determined to do well for himself, Brennan in 1943 purchased the Old Absinthe House on Bourbon Street. He became well known throughout the city as a host to his customers. Spurred by a challenge from a friend, Brennan in July 1946 opened Owen Brennan's French & Creole Restaurant, which became more commonly known as the Vieux Carre.
Brennan employed members of his family for different positions within the business. The restaurant flourished as it gained many regular customers. The dish Bananas Foster was created at his restaurant. In 1954, however, when it became time for Brennan to renew his lease, his landlord demanded 50 percent of the profit from the restaurant. Unwilling to let that happen, Owen moved his restaurant to Royal street and converted an old building into the new and improved Brennan's Restaurant. Unfortunately Brennan did not see his restaurant open to the public. He died in his sleep on November 4, 1955, from a massive heart attack at the age of forty-five. The restaurant opened the following spring.
Along with being a successful restaurant owner, Owen Brennan also was the founding father of the Krewe of Bacchus, which he launched in 1949. Brennan had realized that many of his clients were unhappy tourists coming for Mardi Gras because at the time most of the Carnival balls were closed to anyone outside of the city's society circles. To appeal to the many tourists who came to the city he created a brand new Krewe. He even held two Bacchus Carnival balls, one in 1949, the other in 1950. Upon the death of Brennan Sr., his son Owen "Pip" Brennan Jr. (born 1934), took over the Krewe in 1968 and worked with his uncle who was only three years his senior, restaurateur Richard Brennan Sr., to restore life to the New Orleans Carnival. On February 16, 1969, the Krewe of Bacchus staged its first Mardi Gras parade.
# John M. Alford

John Morris Alford II (April 13, 1915 – December 17, 1988) was an American US Navy rear admiral who was Commander Naval Forces Korea from September 1962 to March 1964.
Alford was born on April 13, 1915, to doctor John Merlin Alford and Shirley Foote Alford in Galva, IL. He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1936 and served on the USS Lexington (CV-2), an aircraft carrier. He was stationed at Pearl Harbor Naval Base on board USS Tennessee (BB-43) as Chief Gunnery Officer, where he survived the Japanese bombing on December 7, 1941. He was then transferred to the USS Alabama (BB-60), a battleship. In July 1945 he was in charge of the 16-inch guns that bombarded Hitachi Steelworks. Due to his leadership, he was nominated personally by famous explorer and Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd for a Bronze Star Medal. In September 1962, he was selected to be Commander Naval Forces Korea, having reached the rank of two-star Rear Admiral. In March 1964, he left Korea to direct a Navy Manpower Retention Task Force, studying ways to keep enlisted personnel from leaving service. Thereafter, he was made deputy commander of the Military Sea Transport Service before retiring in 1969. From 1971, Alford was the director of the Navy Marine Coast Guard Residence Foundation, a foundation for widows of naval officers and retirees. He died on December 17, 1988, from Pancreatic cancer. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, VA.
# Bruno Hildebrand

Bruno Hildebrand (6 March 1812 – 29 January 1878) was a German economist representing the "older" historical school of economics. His economic thinking was highly critical of classical economists, especially of David Ricardo. His magnum opus was Economics of the Present and the Future (1848). The basic aim of this work was to establish laws of economic development. Hildebrand also stated that economic development was linear not cyclical. He supported socialist theory on the basis of religion, basic morals, and his beliefs of the negative effect of property on economic behavior.
Like many other representatives of the German Historical School such as Friedrich List, Karl Knies, and Karl Bücher, Hildebrand was a political liberal who advocated liberal institutions and a constitutional state, and participated in the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848. An economics professor in Marburg, he was accused of high treason with respect to the turmoil of 1848 and condemned to death. He avoided the execution of this sentence by escaping to Switzerland, where he served as an associate professor at the University of Zurich. Together with Alfred Escher (Credit Swiss Founder) he was a co-founder and CEO of the Swiss Northeastern Railway Nordostbahn and also was the founder of the Swiss National Bureau Federal Statistical Office and original board member of Credit Swiss bank. Hildebrand also created and directed the publication 'Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik'; for his contributions he was granted honorary Swiss citizenship. He became a professor at the University of Bern. Hildebrand returned then to Germany, where he was a professor at the University of Jena.
He married Therese Guttentag their son was the artist and sculptor Adolf von Hildebrand. His grandson was the philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand. His great-great-grandson is environmental leader Martin von Hildebrand.
# Hypochondriac (The Frights album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Upset | |
Hypochondriac is the third studio album by American surf-punk band the Frights, released August 24, 2018 on Epitaph Records.

## Background

Frontman Mikey Carnevale explains starting work on Hypochondriac in his own terms:
   I had started to brainstorm where I wanted to go with this record basically the day we released You Are Going to Hate This. At first, I overthought the hell out of it, due to coming down from the high of making our first real album in a real studio with a real producer. So it took about a year or so until I realized that I’m not special and I just forced myself to sit down with an acoustic guitar. What came of that, I think, is a confessional album that I never assumed a band like ours would make.
The band entered Balboa Recording in Los Angeles in February 2018 with producer and Fidlar frontman Zac Carper, spending two straight weeks recording songs. Hypochondriac marked the debut of guitarist Jordan Clark and was the band's first release for Epitaph Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Mikey Carnevale
Notes
* "Crutch" is stylized in all uppercase.
* Some sources credit Zac Carper as a co-writer. According to The Frights official Bandcamp page, Mikey Carnevale is the sole writer of the album.

## Personnel
### The Frights

* Mikey Carnevale – lead vocals, guitar
* Jordan Clark – guitar
* Richard Dotson – bass guitar
* Marc Finn – drums

### Production

* David Baker – mixing assistant
* Greg Calbi – mastering
* Zac Carper – producer
* Rowan Daly – photography
* David Jerkovich – engineer
* Rob Kinelski – mixing
* Jason Link and the Frights – layout and design

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 34 |
# Hartlepools Steam Tramways Company

The Hartlepools Steam Tramways operated a tramway service in Hartlepool between 1884 and 1891.

## History

The Hartlepool Tramways Order of 1883 authorised the Hartlepools Steam Tramways Company Ltd to construct the tramway which was built to a gauge of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm).
Construction work started on 22 November 1883 with a ceremony at Church Street, West Hartlepool. The company purchased rail from Phoenix of Germany, with a weight of 65 lbs per yard, and 75 lbs per yard for passing loops. The rails were set on a bed of concrete and finished with granite sets paving. The contractor, Wilkes and Co of London complete construction work between Hartlepool and Church Street by July 1884. The Stockton Street line was also finished, but never used.
The line was inspected by Major-General Charles Scrope Hutchinson of the Board of Trade on 1 August 1884. Services started on 2 August 1884 from Northgate, Hartlepool, via Millbank Crescent, Cleveland Road and Clarence Road, terminating in Church Street, West Hartlepool. The opening day was marred slightly when rounding the curve in front of the police station, the engine left the rails, causing the car to oscillate which alarmed the passengers. Fortunately the couplings snapped and the car remained upright.
Initially there was only one tram engine, which allowed for an hourly service, but within a few days a second engine arrived. By October there were four engines and four cars. The service operated every 20 minutes from 8.00am to 11.00pm on weekdays and from midday to 10.00pm on Sundays. A fifth car arrived in May 1885. The rolling stock was provided by the Falcon Works, with a total fleet of 6 locomotives.
The tramwaymen went on strike on 22 September 1888 due to the company’s refusal to grant pay and a quarter for work on a Sunday. They were replaced by new workers. However, this was shortlived, as after a series of accidents and irregular running, the original men were taken back on by the company.

## Closure

By 1888 the financial position of the tramway was poor. There was only £2,000 of income, most of which was spent on operating costs. Services ran for the last time on 21 February 1891.
It was resurrected as Hartlepool Electric Tramways in 1896.

## Notable people
### General Managers

* John Jacobs 1884
* John Robert Nixon 1884 - 1888
* Thomas Tweddell 1888 - 1891

## Sources
### Works cited

* Watson, J.D. (1990). "The Tramways of Hartlepool". The Tramway Review. 144.
# Cutter and Bone

Cutter and Bone is a 1976 thriller novel by Newton Thornburg about a Vietnam veteran, Alexander Cutter, who tries to convince his friend, Richard Bone, that Bone witnessed a murder. It was adapted to film by director Ivan Passer as Cutter's Way (1981) which starred John Heard as Cutter, Jeff Bridges as Bone, and Lisa Eichhorn as Mo (Maureen).

## Release details

* Thornburg, Newton. Cutter and Bone. Serpent's Tail (reprint), 2001. ISBN 1-85242-676-4
* This article about a thriller novel of the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.
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# Molten Acentec

The Molten Acentec is the official match ball for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup tournament.

## Design

Molten Corporation, which is known for designing volleyball and basketball balls, was chosen by the United Arab Emirates, the host of the tournament, to design the ball. It was the first time ever that Molten was chosen for a football tournament.
According to the Company, Molten will supply match balls designed specially for the AFC Asian Cup utilizing the basic design of Molten’s flagship model Vantaggio 5000 Premier football.
# Maria Mirou

Maria Mirou (born 13 May 1977) is a Greek table tennis player. She competed in the women's doubles event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.