OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Borel subalgebra

In mathematics, specifically in representation theory, a Borel subalgebra of a Lie algebra ${\mathfrak {g}}$ is a maximal solvable subalgebra. The notion is named after Armand Borel.
If the Lie algebra ${\mathfrak {g}}$ is the Lie algebra of a complex Lie group, then a Borel subalgebra is the Lie algebra of a Borel subgroup.

## Borel subalgebra associated to a flag

Let ${\mathfrak {g}}={\mathfrak {gl}}(V)$ be the Lie algebra of the endomorphisms of a finite-dimensional vector space V over the complex numbers. Then to specify a Borel subalgebra of ${\mathfrak {g}}$ amounts to specify a flag of V; given a flag $V=V_{0}\supset V_{1}\supset \cdots \supset V_{n}=0$, the subspace ${\mathfrak {b}}=\{x\in {\mathfrak {g}}\mid x(V_{i})\subset V_{i},1\leq i\leq n\}$ is a Borel subalgebra, and conversely, each Borel subalgebra is of that form by Lie's theorem. Hence, the Borel subalgebras are classified by the flag variety of V.

## Borel subalgebra relative to a base of a root system

Let ${\mathfrak {g}}$ be a complex semisimple Lie algebra, ${\mathfrak {h}}$ a Cartan subalgebra and R the root system associated to them. Choosing a base of R gives the notion of positive roots. Then ${\mathfrak {g}}$ has the decomposition ${\mathfrak {g}}={\mathfrak {n}}^{-}\oplus {\mathfrak {h}}\oplus {\mathfrak {n}}^{+}$ where ${\mathfrak {n}}^{\pm }=\sum _{\alpha >0}{\mathfrak {g}}_{\pm \alpha }$. Then ${\mathfrak {b}}={\mathfrak {h}}\oplus {\mathfrak {n}}^{+}$ is the Borel subalgebra relative to the above setup. (It is solvable since the derived algebra $[{\mathfrak {b}},{\mathfrak {b}}]$ is nilpotent. It is maximal solvable by a theorem of Borel–Morozov on the conjugacy of solvable subalgebras.)
Given a ${\mathfrak {g}}$-module V, a primitive element of V is a (nonzero) vector that (1) is a weight vector for ${\mathfrak {h}}$ and that (2) is annihilated by ${\mathfrak {n}}^{+}$. It is the same thing as a ${\mathfrak {b}}$-weight vector (Proof: if $h\in {\mathfrak {h}}$ and $e\in {\mathfrak {n}}^{+}$ with $[h,e]=2e$ and if ${\mathfrak {b}}\cdot v$ is a line, then $0=[h,e]\cdot v=2e\cdot v$.)
# Borel space

Borel space may refer to:
* any measurable space
* a measurable space that is Borel isomorphic to a measurable subset of the real numbers
# Goodenia drummondii

Goodenia drummondii is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with linear to lance-shaped stem leaves, and spike-like thyrses of small white flowers with purplish spots.

## Description

Goodenia drummondii is an erect, glabrous shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in). The leaves are mostly arranged on the stem, linear to lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 10–40 mm (0.39–1.57 in) long and 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) wide, sometimes with teeth on the edges. The flowers are arranged in spike-like thyrses up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long with triangular bracts 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long at the base. The sepals are narrow egg-shaped to linear, 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long, the corolla white with purplish spots, about 6 mm (0.24 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long with wings 0.3–0.4 mm (0.012–0.016 in) wide. Flowering occurs from September to January and the fruit is a more or less spherical capsule about 1 mm (0.039 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia drummondii was first formally described in 1990 by Roger Charles Carolin in the journal Telopea from material collected by James Drummond.
In 1998, Leigh William Sage described two subspecies of G. drummondii in the journal Nuytsia, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Goodenia drummondii Carolin subsp. drummondii has leaves up to 40 mm (1.6 in) long with toothed edges and a flowering spike up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long;
* Goodenia drummondii subsp. megaphyllaL.W.Sage has leaves up to 78 mm (3.1 in) long with smooth edges and a flowering spike up to 440 mm (17 in) long.
The specific epithet (drummondii) honours James Drummond$^{:187}$ and the epithet megaphylla means "large-leaved".$^{:368}$

## Distribution and habitat

This goodenia grows in woodland and heath on sandy soils from Kalbarri National Park to Latham in the south-west of Western Australia, but subspecies megaphylla mostly grows near granite outcrops and is restricted to an area between Armadale, Boyagin and Northam.

## Conservation status

Goodenia drummondii and both its subspecies are classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Goodenia eatoniana

Goodenia eatoniana is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to the extreme south-west of Western Australia. It is a perennial herb with lance-shaped leaves at the base of the plant, egg-shaped stem leaves, and racemes of blue flowers.

## Description

Goodenia eatoniana is a ascending, perennial herb or shrub that typically grows to a height of 10–30 cm (3.9–11.8 in) with glaucous, glabrous foliage. The leaves at the base of the plant are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 10–50 mm (0.39–1.97 in) long and up to 50 mm (2.0 in) wide, sometimes with teeth on the edges. Those on the stem are stem-clasping, egg-shaped and smaller. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long on a peduncle 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long with leaf-like bracts 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long. The sepals are lance-shaped, about 4 mm (0.16 in) long, the corolla blue, 14–18 mm (0.55–0.71 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are 10–11 mm (0.39–0.43 in) long with wings 2–2.5 mm (0.079–0.098 in) wide. Flowering occurs from October to January and the fruit is a more or less spherical capsule about 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia eatoniana was first formally described in 1874 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. In 1990, Roger Charles Carolin selected specimens probably collected by John Forrest near the Blackwood River as the lectotype. The specific epithet (eatoniana) honours Henry Francis Eaton (1831–1912), a supporter of scientific activities in Victoria.

## Distribution and habitat

This goodenia grows in winter-wet flats and drainage lines in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions in the extreme south-west of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Goodenia eatoniana is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Goodenia durackiana

Goodenia durackiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is an erect to low-lying herb with elliptic to oblong stem leaves with coarse teeth on the edges, and racemes of yellow flowers.

## Description

Goodenia durackiana is an erect to low-lying herb that typically grows to a height of 50 cm (20 in). The leaves are mostly arranged on the stem, elliptic to oblong, 30–60 mm (1.2–2.4 in) long and 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) wide, and coarsely toothed on the edges. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 400 mm (16 in) long with leaf-like bracts long at the base, each flower on a pedicel 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long. The sepals are narrow elliptic, about 7 mm (0.28 in) long, the corolla yellow, about 15 mm (0.59 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are about 5 mm (0.20 in) long with wings 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) wide. Flowering mostly occurs from March to May and the fruit is a more or less spherical capsule 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia durackiana was first formally described in 1990 by Roger Charles Carolin in the journal Telopea from material collected by Michael Lazarides at the Kimberley Research Station in 1963. The specific epithet (durackiana) honours Kim Durack who collected specimens of this species in 1945.

## Distribution and habitat

This goodenia grows in grasslands on black, cracking soils in the north-eastern Kimberley region of Western Australia and north-western Northern Territory.

## Conservation status

Goodenia durackiana is classified as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.
# Bolandia

Bolandia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae.
Its native range is South African Republic.
Species:
* Bolandia argillacea (Cron) Cron
* Bolandia elongata (L.f.) J.C.Manning & Cron
* Bolandia glabrifolia (DC.) J.C.Manning & Cron
* Bolandia pedunculosa (DC.) Cron
* Bolandia pinnatifida (Thunb.) J.C.Manning & Cron
# Jo Daviess

Jo Daviess may refer to:
* Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States
* Jo Daviess Township, Faribault County, Minnesota, United States
* Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, American soldier and namesake of both the county and township
# Gostiny dvor, Pushkin

Gostiny dvor is a building of the historical significance in Pushkin, Saint Petersburg. It was built in the period of 1863-1866. Nowadays it is an object of cultural heritage. The building is located on 25 Moskovskaya Street.

## History

The Gostiny Dvor in Tsarskoye Selo was established in 1818, when, on the orders of Ya. V. Zakharzhevsky, the shops from the Znamensky Church were moved to the present place, and the Konstantinov Fair from Sofia. According to the plan of Tsarskoe Selo VI Gest, a large plot was assigned from Leontievskaya to Orangareynaya Street. The wooden one-story building of the Gostiny Dvor in 1825 was built by V.P. Stasov. William Heste participated in the design. In the years 1843-1844. built stone Meat rows in the courtyard of the complex, the architect was NS Nikitin. In 1862, most of the wooden complex was destroyed by fire. Initially, it was proposed to restore only the burnt part, the project was prepared by A.F. Vidov. However, as a result, it was decided to rebuild the stone building, this was entrusted to the same N.S. Nikitin. The building was opened for trade in 1866. In 1898, under the project of architect A. R. Bach, a stone terrace was built to increase the rigidity of the foundation and prevent deformation due to the relief dip. In the years 1911-1912. the same A. R. Bach in the courtyard was built from a concrete glacier-warehouse. The Gostiny Dvor complex continues to be used for trade and now, from the yard side the Tsarskoye Selo market is located.

## Architecture

All facades of the main one-story building of the complex are surrounded by an arched gallery. In the central part of the building, on the axis of Cathedral Square, there is a travel arch-portal. The outlines of arches of galleries on different facades are various. The corners and arches of the building are decorated with pavilions with attic mezzanines and bundles of twin columns of the Tuscan order. The decor of the building is complicated, which brings it closer to the Baroque style. Above the slope of the roof there are a lot of mansard windows.
The building of the Meat series has a semi-circular shape. It is oriented along the main axis of the complex. Decorated in the style of late classicism. The concave facade is decorated with a gallery with pillars cross-shaped in cross-section, with shoulder blades and pilasters of the Tuscan warrant. The ends of the building, designed for fish shops, decorate the triangular pediments.

## Literature

* Семенова Г. В. (2009). Царское Село: знакомое и незнакомое. М.: Центрполиграф. pp. 356–360. ISBN 978-5-9524-4249-8.
# Cappadocian chub

The Cappadocian chub (Squalius cappadocicus) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. The species is endemic to the Melendiz River in Lake Tuz in Turkey, and critically endangered. It is considered harmless to humans.
# Carex perdentata

Carex perdentata, the Texas meadow sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae, native to the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Texas. A perennial of savannas and open mesic forests, it can be used as a grass substitute in lawns, but requires a great deal of water.
# Carex peregrina

Carex peregrina is a species of sedge (family Cyperaceae), with a remarkably disjunct distribution; it is found in the Azores and Madeira islands in the eastern Atlantic, and more than 6,000 km (3,700 mi) away in the mountains of Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, in east Africa. It prefers to grow in montane forests but occasionally is found sunny grasslands from 2,300 to 3,500 m (7,500 to 11,500 ft) above sea level.
# Carex phacota

Carex phacota, the lentoid sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to parts of the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, most of Malesia, New Guinea, central and southern China, Hainan, Taiwan, Korea, the Ryukyus, and Japan. A pioneer species adapted to disturbances such as fire and landslides, it is typically found in wet grasslands, ditches, the banks of streams, and the sides of roads, and is categorized by the IUCN as Least Concern.
# Good–deal bounds

Good–deal bounds are price bounds for a financial portfolio which depends on an individual trader's preferences. Mathematically, if $A$ is a set of portfolios with future outcomes which are "acceptable" to the trader, then define the function $\rho :{\mathcal {L}}^{p}\to \mathbb {R}$ by
    $\rho (X)=\inf \left\{t\in \mathbb {R} :\exists V_{T}\in A_{T}:X+t+V_{T}\in A\right\}=\inf \left\{t\in \mathbb {R} :X+t\in A-A_{T}\right\}$
where $A_{T}$ is the set of final values for self-financing trading strategies. Then any price in the range $(-\rho (X),\rho (-X))$ does not provide a good deal for this trader, and this range is called the "no good-deal price bounds."
If $A=\left\{Z\in {\mathcal {L}}^{0}:Z\geq 0\;\mathbb {P} -a.s.\right\}$ then the good-deal price bounds are the no-arbitrage price bounds, and correspond to the subhedging and superhedging prices. The no-arbitrage bounds are the greatest extremes that good-deal bounds can take.
If $A=\left\{Z\in {\mathcal {L}}^{0}:\mathbb {E} [u(Z)]\geq \mathbb {E} [u(0)]\right\}$ where $u$ is a utility function, then the good-deal price bounds correspond to the indifference price bounds.
# Bolette Sutermeister Petri

Bolette-Merete Sutermeister Petri (October 23, 1920 – 2018) was a Danish-Swiss writer of travel literature, considered as ″expert for the High North".

## Biography

Petri Sutermeister was born in October 1920 in Kriens, Switzerland. Her mother was Danish and her father was the owner of a pasta producer in Lucerne; she spent her first eight years of life in the ″villa Bleiche″ in Kriens; then she lived with her family in Lucerne; In 1935 she moved with her mother after her divorce to Copenhagen. At sixteen, she first traveled to Spitsbergen.
She worked as a translator in Copenhagen and made archeological studies and expeditions to Greenland, Lapland and Spitsbergen. In Longyearbyen, she created in the former coal mine of John Munroe Longyear a museum ″with facts about Svalbard″. Until 1992, she spent each summer, from May to September in Spitsbergen.
Petri Sutermeister's books consist of stories that usually contain a trip /travel, for example, in a train or on a plane, containing and focus on landscape descriptions. Her most famous work is Eisblumen: Encounters on Spitsbergen. She died in 2018 at the age of 97.
# Canton of Flixecourt

The canton of Flixecourt is an administrative division of the Somme department, in northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Flixecourt.
It consists of the following communes:
* Berteaucourt-les-Dames
* Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen
* Bouchon
* Canaples
* Condé-Folie
* Domart-en-Ponthieu
* L'Étoile
* Flesselles
* Flixecourt
* Franqueville
* Fransu
* Halloy-lès-Pernois
* Havernas
* Lanches-Saint-Hilaire
* Pernois
* Ribeaucourt
* Saint-Léger-lès-Domart
* Saint-Ouen
* Saint-Vaast-en-Chaussée
* Surcamps
* Vauchelles-lès-Domart
* Vaux-en-Amiénois
* Vignacourt
* Ville-le-Marclet
# Canton of Fontaine-Vercors

The canton of Fontaine-Vercors is an administrative division of the Isère department, eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Fontaine.
It consists of the following communes:
* Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors
* Corrençon-en-Vercors
* Engins
* Fontaine (partly)
* Lans-en-Vercors
* Noyarey
* Saint-Nizier-du-Moucherotte
* Sassenage
* Veurey-Voroize
* Villard-de-Lans
# Carbohydrate Research

Carbohydrate Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the chemistry of carbohydrates. It is published by Elsevier and was established in 1965. The editor-in-chief is M. Carmen Galan (University of Bristol). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.1.
# Joachim Dalencé

Joachim d'Alencé or Joachim Dalence (c. 1640 – 1707) was a French scientist known only from books on meteorological instruments. He was among the first to consider the use of two standards for graduating a thermometer scale. He is known largely for his two books Traitte de l'aiman (1687) on magnetism and Traittez des barometres, thermometres, et notiometres, au hygrometres (1688) on barometers, thermometers and hygrometers.
D'Alencé's father, Martin, was a surgeon who influenced the creation of a position as a royal advisor in 1663. Joachim made a trip to England in 1668 where he obtained a telescope and became a friend of Henry Oldenburg. He later corresponded with Huygens and Leibniz. He is best remembered for his book describing thermometers and the system of graduating thermometers with two reference points - the freezing point of water and the melting point of butter. He suggested the use of a 3:1 mixture of water and nitric acid held in a bulb for the thermometer fluid. The two reference temperatures were to be divided into ten equal divisions and ten similar divisions above and below the upper and lower reference marks thus making up a 30 degree scale. In this 1688 book he claimed that the inventor of the thermometer was Cornelis Drebbel.
# Nick Stellino

Nick Stellino (born May 1, 1958, in Palermo, Sicily), is a Sicilian and Italian television chef. One half of his family is from Northern Italy and the other half is Sicilian. He hosts the cooking programs Cucina Amore and Nick Stellino's Family Kitchen on public television station KCTS 9 in Seattle, Washington.

## Television shows

Stellino began by hosting three seasons of Cucina Amore. His other main cooking show was Nick Stellino's Family Kitchen; both were presented by KCTS, a PBS-affiliated television station in Seattle. His most recent show, Nick Stellino: Storyteller in the Kitchen, was presented by WCNY, the PBS station in Syracuse, New York. Stellino's current shows are distributed by American Public Television.

## Books

Stellino is the author of several cookbooks, which include the following:
* Cucina Amore
* Nick Stellino's Glorious Italian Cooking
* Nick Stellino's Mediterranean Flavors
* Nick Stellino's Family Kitchen
* Nick Stellino's Passione: Pasta, Pizza, Panini
* Mangiamo! Let's Eat!
* Dine In
* "Nick Stellino's Cooking with Friends"

## Notable achievements and appearances

* Grand Marshal, San Francisco Columbus Day Parade, 1999 (the first chef to be given the honor)
* Annual participant, Aspen Food and Wine Festival
* Presenter, James Beard Foundation Awards, New York City, 2000, 2001
* Chosen chef, Grandma Gala Dinner, James Beard Foundation Awards, New York City
* Celebrity chef, Red Tie Affair, Red Cross of Santa Monica
* Celebrity chef, Seattle Festa Italiana, 2007
* Celebrity chef, Milwaukee Festa Italiana, 2008
# Govşatlı

39°36′57″N 47°03′41″E﻿ / ﻿39.61583°N 47.06139°E﻿ / 39.61583; 47.06139
Govşatlı (also Govshatlu, Govshatly, Qovşatlı and Kovshat) is a village in the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan.
# Hume Award

Hume Award may refer to:
* David M. Hume Memorial Award, awarded annually by the National Kidney Foundation in the United States
* Fred J. Hume Award, awarded annually to the most "unsung hero" player of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League, as voted by fans
* Sandy Hume Memorial Award for Excellence in Political Journalism, awarded annually by the National Press Club in the United States
# Indonesia at the 1968 Summer Olympics

Indonesia competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Sailing | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Weightlifting | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Total | 6 | 0 | 6 |

## Sailing
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Net points | Final rank |
| Athlete | Event | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Net points | Final rank |
| Robert Lucas | Finn class | 30 | DNF | 31 | 35 | 34 | 30 | DNF | 272 | 35th place |
| John Gunawan Tan Tjong Sian | Flying Dutchman class | 26 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 234 | 29th place |

## Weightlifting

| Athlete | Event | Military press | Military press | Snatch | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Clean & Jerk | Total | Rank |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Charlie Depthios | Bantamweight | 97.5 | DNF | — | — | — | — | — | DNF |
| Madek Kasman | Featherweight | 105.0 | =15 | 100.0 | =13 | 140.0 | =6 | 345.0 | 13 |
| Irsan Husen | Light heavyweight | 140.0 | DNF | — | — | — | — | — | DNF |
# Sweet Tea (disambiguation)

Sweet tea is a style of iced tea.
Sweet Tea may also refer to:
* Sweet Tea Recording Studio, a studio in Mississippi
* Sweet Tea (album), a 2001 album by Buddy Guy named after the studio
* Sweet Tea: Black Gay Men of the South—An Oral History, a 2008 ethnographic book by E. Patrick Johnson
# Sweet Thang

"Sweet Thang" is a song written and originally recorded by American country artist Nat Stuckey. It was Stuckey's first major hit as a music artist, peaking in the top ten of the national country music charts. In later years, it would notably be recorded by Ernest Tubb and Loretta Lynn.

## Nat Stuckey version

The song was first recorded by Nat Stuckey shortly after signing a recording contract with the independent label Paula Records. The label was based out of Shreveport, Louisiana. Stuckey had also composed the song. "Sweet Thang" was recorded at Brians Studio, located in Tyler, Texas. It took place on July 4, 1966 and co-produced by Stuckey and Frank Page. Additional tracks that later appeared on his debut album were also recorded in the same session.
"Sweet Thang" was released as a single in August 1966 via Paula Records. The song peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1966. The song became Stuckey's biggest hit as a music artist. "Sweet Thang" appeared on his debut studio album, also released on Paula Records entitled Nat Stuckey Really Sings. He would continue having major hits into the 1970s with songs such as "Plastic Saddle."

### Track listing
#### 7" vinyl single

* "Sweet Thang" – 2:37
* "Paralyze My Mind" – 2:29

### Chart performance

| Chart (1966) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 4 |

## Ernest Tubb and Loretta Lynn version

"Sweet Thang" was notably recorded as a duet in 1967 by American country artists Ernest Tubb and Loretta Lynn. The song was recorded at the Columbia Recording Studio on December 21, 1966. The studio was located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions was produced by Owen Bradley. Bradley was both artists' producer on the Decca record label in the 1960s also produced their previous duet album release.
"Sweet Thang" was released as a single in January 1967 via Decca Records. It spent a total of nine weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart before reaching number 45 in April 1967. "Sweet Thang" was then released on the duo's second studio release entitled Singin' Again. The single was Lynn's first charting song that missed the top 40 on the country songs chart. This would not occur again until 1983.

### Track listings
#### 7" vinyl single

* "Sweet Thang" – 2:32
* "Beautiful Unhappy Home" – 2:15

### Chart performance

| Chart (1967) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 45 |