OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clanculus euchelioides

Clanculus euchelioides, common name the small top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Description

(Original description by R. Tate) The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 9 mm. The somewhat solid shell has a turbinately conchoid shape. It is opaque, concolorous (reddish). It contains about six whorls. The ordinary spire whorls are separated by a canaliculate suture and are flattened posteriorly. The body whorl is convex in the anterior-third. The base of the shell is flatly convex and falsely umbilicated. The columella enters the umbilical depression, which is shallow and moderately narrow. The aperture is oblique and rhomboidoval. The outer lip is slightly depressed at the suture. The outer and basal margins are thin, lirate, and iridescent within (the lirae not extending to the margin). The oblique columella is straight, rib-like, with an attenuated keel elevated into a tooth-like prominence at the base, and separated from the basal margin of the aperture by a deep gemmulated ribs of about equal magnitude. At the suture there is a double smaller rib, and there is a finer one posterior to the periphery. The transverse riblets of the penultimate whorl show increasing revolution of the whorls and become more slender and closer together. And thus the fenestrated ornament is somewhat obscured on the front part of the body whorl. Below the periphery there are about five revolving equal-sized ribs, more or less gemmulated at the intersections of transverse sigmoidal threads, the one margining the umbilicus most conspicuously so. The umbilical wall has about five flat threads crossed by lamella-like striae.
The conspicuous oblique ribbing and very wide umbilicus are characters which separate this species from the majority of its congeners.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia.
# The Explorer (novel)

The Explorer is a 1964 novel by American author Frances Parkinson Keyes. Set in Virginia 1953, the novel was originally released by McGraw-Hill Book Company, there have since been several reprints of her book, with the latest release in paperback format in June 1994 by Hodder General Publishing Division.

## Plot

The Explorer, tells the story of Nicolas Hale, a transplanted Vermonter who was inspired by Hiram Bingham's amazing discovery of Machu Picchu in Peru.
Nicolas had avoided marriage until his desire for a son to carry on his profession and inherit his name compelled him to propose to Margaret Porterfield, an aristocratic young Virginian whom he envisions as the type of woman he would like to be the mother of his son. He has been her ideal suitor for a long time, and she quickly agrees to a fast marriage just five days before he departs on a new exploring venture in Peru.
He doesn't hide from her that she'll never be able to share his life there, and that exploring is his only great passion, and that she would have to endure long periods of separation from him.
Nicolas only visits on occasion over the next five years, spending the majority of his time in the Andes in quest of the hidden city whose discovery, if his aspirations are realized, will offer him fame and prosperity, but his absence leads to a separation from his wife and a marriage that ends with disastrous consequences.

## Characters

Nicolas Hale, an explorer.
* Mr. and Mrs. Waldo Hale of Woodstock, Vermont, his parents.
* Clarissa and Narcissa Hale, his twin sisters.
* Hiram Bingham, his ideal as an explorer.
* Lester Wendell, his secretary.
* Sam Steinmetz and Esther Schaeffer, New York friends of Nicolas Hale and Margaret Poterfield.
Margaret Porterfied, of Hills' End Plantation, Virginia, who becomes the wife of Nicolas Hale.
* Cassie, Annabelle and Rufus, black servants at Hill's End.
* Dr. Virginius Page, Margaret's uncle.
* Dr. Leonidas Bates, Rector of Pohick Church which Margaret attends.
* Dr. George Loomis, Margaret's physician.
* Perdita, Margaret's dog.
# Civil (surname)

Civil is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Civil (1929–1989), British horn player
* Danis Civil (born 1988), French breakdancer
* François Civil (born 1990), French actor
* Gabrielle Civil, American performance artist
* Karen Civil (born 1984), American social media and digital media marketing strategist
* Leandro Civil (born 1948), Cuban middle-distance runner
* Marta Civil, American mathematics educator
* Miguel Civil (born 1926), American Assyriologist
# Military tiara

A military tiara is a type of ceremonial headdress worn by female military officers during formal occasions. It is authorized for indoor wear by some senior, female officers of the United States' uniformed services while in mess dress. Beginning with the Marine Corps in 1973, individual service branches have gradually abolished use of the tiara. The United States Air Force does not wear tiaras and has never authorized wear of a military tiara.

## NOAA Corps

The NOAA Corps authorizes the optional wear of a black tiara by female commanders and higher-ranked officers with mess dress while indoors.

## Public Health Service

The PHS Commissioned Corps abolished use of the tiara as an optional uniform accessory effective August 1, 2009.

## United States Air Force

The United States Air Force has not adopted a tiara as a uniform component.

## United States Army

The United States Army tiara was blue with gold oak leaves and was authorized for optional wear by female colonels and higher-ranked officers with mess dress while indoors.

## United States Coast Guard

In 2011 the United States Coast Guard deauthorized use of the Coast Guard tiara as an optional uniform item. At this time the tiara was also deauthorized for use by the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary.

## United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps (USMC) tiara was originally patterned in red with gold embellishments. It was designed by Mainbocher for Colonel Katherine Amelia Towle and debuted by her, along with Mainbocher's prototype of the first Marine Corps women's evening dress uniform, at the Marine Corps Birthday Ball in November 1950. Following the promotion of Colonel Margaret Henderson to Director of Women Marines, the tiara was refashioned in black; Henderson reportedly found the red tiara unflattering to her as she had red hair. Always an optional uniform item, in 1973 it was abolished altogether.

## United States Navy

The United States Navy tiara was a crescent shaped hat made of black velvet and authorized for optional wear by female commanders and higher-ranked officers with mess dress while indoors. By 2015 the Navy reported very few sales of tiaras and the item was discontinued as an optional uniform accessory effective October 1, 2016. As of 14 Feb 2024 the United States Navy has reauthorized the tiara.
# Tennis at the 2005 Mediterranean Games

The Tennis Tournament at the 2005 Mediterranean Games was held in the Almería Tennis Club in Almería, Spain from June 27 to July 3.

## Men's final eight

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | Nicolás Almagro | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Boštjan Ošabnik | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Boštjan Ošabnik | 3 | 4 | 1 | Nicolás Almagro | 6 | 5 | 7 | | | | | |
| | | | | 4 | Mounir El Aarej | 4 | 7 | 6$^4$ | | | | | |
| 4 | Mounir El Aarej | 6 | 6 | 4 | Mounir El Aarej | 4 | 7 | 6$^4$ | | | | | |
| 5 | Lamine Ouahab | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Lamine Ouahab | 3 | 3 | | | | | | 1 | Nicolás Almagro | 6 | 7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | 2 | Guillermo García-López | 2 | 5 | |
| – | Grega Žemlja | 2 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Guillermo García-López | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Simone Bolelli | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| 3 | Simone Bolelli | 6 | 6 | 3 | Simone Bolelli | 4 | 2 | | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | | 2 | Guillermo García-López | 6 | 6 | |
| 7 | Slimane Saoudi | 2 | 3 | 2 | Guillermo García-López | 6 | 6 | | 4 | Mounir El Aarej | 3 | 6 | 1 |
| 2 | Guillermo García-López | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 3 | Simone Bolelli | 6 | 3 | 6 |

## Women's final eight

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | Nuria Llagostera | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| – | Verdiana Verardi | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| – | Verdiana Verardi | 3 | 4 | 1 | Nuria Llagostera | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | | | | 3 | Matea Mezak | 1 | 2 | | | | | |
| 4 | Habiba Ifrakh | 5 | 3 | 3 | Matea Mezak | 1 | 2 | | | | | |
| 3 | Matea Mezak | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Matea Mezak | 7 | 6 | | | | | 1 | Nuria Llagostera | 2 | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | | 2 | Laura Pous | 6 | 6 | |
| – | Ana Jovanović | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Laura Pous | 6 | 6 |
| – | Stefania Chieppa | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| – | Stefania Chieppa | 6 | 6 | – | Stefania Chieppa | 2 | 4 | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | | 2 | Laura Pous | 6 | 6 |
| – | Ana Vrljić | 5 | 5 | 2 | Laura Pous | 6 | 6 | 3 | Matea Mezak | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| 2 | Laura Pous | 7 | 7 | | | | | – | Stefania Chieppa | 3 | 7 | 2 |
# Postage stamps and postal history of the Netherlands

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Netherlands.
The postal region of the Netherlands is located in North-West Europe and comprises the whole territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Europe and until 2010 the full territory of the country the Netherlands. Four other postal regions exist in the kingdom: for Aruba, the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

## First stamps

The first stamps of the Netherlands were issued in 1852 and depicted King William III.

## 1931 stamps

* (design by Piet Zwart)
* (design Gerard Kiljan)

## Second World War

During the Second World War the Netherlands were occupied by Germany. Stamp issues continued and a number of semi-postal stamps were issued.
* 1942 stamp
* 1943 stamp (design by Pyke Koch)
* 1943 stamp (design by Pyke Koch)
* 1944 stamp

## Post-war

The Netherlands were liberated on 5 May 1945. The previous stamps continued in use until a new series was introduced on 1 April 1946. This series contained stamps originally issued by the Dutch Government in Exile in Britain in 1944 for use on ships of the Dutch Navy serving with the Allies.
Regular stamp issues have continued since then including several long-running definitive stamp series, numerous commemorative stamps and the regular issue of semi-postal stamps for charitable causes which has become a notable feature of Dutch philately.
* 1947 stamp (photo by Eva Besnyö)
* 1948 stamps
* 1950 stamp
* 1951 stamp (photo by Cas Oorthuys)
* 1952 stamp (design by Hubert Levigne)

## Provincial stamps

In 2002 a series of 12 provincial stamps were issued. Whilst not strictly local stamps, as they were valid throughout the Netherlands, the stamps were only available to purchase from post offices in the relevant province or from the Dutch Philatelic Bureau.

## Variable value stamps

Variable value stamps have been issued in the Netherlands since 1989.

## Stamp booklets

The Dutch Post Office has been an enthusiastic issuer of postage stamp booklets, issuing over 150 since the first one in 1902.

## International Court of Justice

A number of stamps have been issued since 1934 for use at the International Court of Justice in The Hague.
* Stamp 1950 Int. Court (design Jan van Krimpen)
# Crantzia

Crantzia is a plant genus in the family Gesneriaceae. Crantzia species grow in damp or wet forests, mostly on Caribbean islands. Some are epiphytes, others are subshrubs or herbaceous plants with fibrous roots.
Several taxa from the Gesneriaceae genus Alloplectus have been reclassified as Crantzia.
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli named the genus after botanist and physician Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz (1722–1799).
# Nanshu Lu

Nanshu Lu is an associate professor at the University of Texas at Austin where she leads the Lu Research Group in the department of aerospace engineering and engineering mechanics. She also holds a courtesy appointment in the department of biomedical engineering. Lu is recognized for her work on the integration of electronics into stretchable materials compatible with human tissue, for which she was named one of the Top 35 innovators under the age of 35 by the MIT Technology Review in 2012.

## Education

Nanshu Lu attended Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, graduating with a bachelor's degree in engineering mechanics in 2005. Lu earned her master's degree in applied physics in 2006 and her doctoral degree in 2009, both from Harvard University, at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS). For her doctorate, she studied solid mechanics with Zhigang Suo and Joost Vlassak. She did postdoctoral work at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign where she was a Beckman Postdoctoral Fellow from 2009 to 2011, working with John A. Rogers.

## Career

Lu joined the Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics (ASE/EM) department at the University of Texas at Austin in 2011. There she leads the Lu Research Group in studying stretchable materials with bio-integrated electronics.

## Research

Lu has been recognized for her work on the “Flexoelectricity of Nanomaterials on Deformable Substrates.” By enhancing electromechanical coupling at a nanoscale level using flexoelectricity, mechanical action can be transformed into electrical impulses.
One project which she co-lead developed a ballooncatheter, capable of monitoring heartbeats, pressure, and temperature, while inflating inside the body. The device can increase the safety of heart surgery.
In another project, electronics were integrated into stretchable materials to create flexible silicone devices that attach to and mimic the texture and elasticity of skin. These have been referred to as "electronic skin" or "electronic tattoos". Instead of hard and brittle silicon chips, Lu created a flexible polymer substrate containing a mesh of nanoscale metallic ribbons. The resulting device, only 30 micrometers thick, can be printed onto a silicone patch that sticks to the skin without irritation. Sensors in the thin "electronic skin" monitor vital signs such as pulse, temperature, and vocalization. The devices have potential application in both medical monitoring and treatment.

## Awards

* 2015, Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Program Award
* 2015, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Young Investigator Award
* 2014, 3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award
* 2014, Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award from the National Science Foundation
* 2013, NetExplo Grand Prix, Paris, France
* 2012, Top 35 innovators under the age of 35, MIT Technology Review
* 2009, Beckman Postdoctoral Fellow
# Harold Hargreaves

Harold Hargreaves (born 29 May 1876) was a British Indian archaeologist who served as Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1928 to 1931.

## Early life

Born on 29 May 1876, Hargreaves specialized in Buddhist iconography and served as headmaster of the Government High School in Amritsar before joining the Archaeological Survey of India.

## Career in the ASI

Between 1910 and 1912, Hargreaves officiated as Superintendent of the Frontier Circle when the then Superintendent, Buddhist scholar Aurel Stein had been to England on deputation. When the serving Superintendent of the Northern Circle, J. Ph. Vogel resigned from the survey, Hargreaves was transferred to the Northern Circle to fill in his post. During his tenure in the Northern Circle, Hargreaves visited the mounds at Harappa, Rajanpur and Sarnath and participated in the excavations at Harappa under John Marshall.
Hargreaves returned to the Frontier Circle a few years later and carried out excavations at Sohr Damb area near Naal, Balochistan in South Western province of Pakistan in May 1924. He was made Deputy Director General of the ASI and in 1928, succeeded John Marshall as Director General.
# Qiansun

Qiansun (Chinese: 前孙镇) is a town in Ling County, Dezhou, in northwestern Shandong province, China.
# Jenna Long

Jenna Long (born November 26, 1985) is an American former professional tennis player. She is now an attorney.
Long grew up in Fremont, California and studied at the University of North Carolina. In her senior year of collegiate tennis, she partnered with Sara Anundsen to win the 2007 NCAA doubles championship.
As the reigning national college champions, Long and Anundsen received a wildcard to compete in the main draw of the 2007 US Open, where they were beaten in the first round of the doubles draw by the Polish pairing of Klaudia Jans and Alicja Rosolska.

## ITF finals
### Doubles (1–1)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1. | July 23, 2006 | Wichita, United States | Hard | Christy Striplin | Catrina Thompson Christian Thompson | 2–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 2. | July 29, 2007 | Evansville, United States | Hard | Anna Lubinsky | Helena Bešović Nina Munch-Søgaard | 6–1, 3–6, 6–2 |
# Maraghei

Maraghei may be,

## People

* Mohammad Said Maraghei, Prime Minister of Iran
* Rahmatollah Moghaddam Maraghei
* Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
# Ireland at the 2000 Summer Paralympics

There were fifteen female and twenty-four male athletes representing the country at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, winning nine medals in total and with three of these being won by Mairead Berry.

## Medal table

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Tom Leahy | Athletics | Men's discus F51 |
| Gold | Gabriel Shelly | Boccia | Mixed individual BC1 |
| Gold | Margaret Grant John Cronin | Boccia | Mixed pairs BC3 |
| Gold | David Malone | Swimming | Men's 100m backstroke S8 |
| Gold | Mairead Berry | Swimming | Women's 100m freestyle S2 |
| Silver | Mary Rice | Athletics | Women's 400m T34 |
| Silver | Mairead Berry | Swimming | Women's 50m backstroke S2 |
| Silver | Mairead Berry | Swimming | Women's 50m freestyle S2 |
| Bronze | Catherine Walsh | Athletics | Women's pentathlon P13 |
# Megachile santaremensis

Megachile santaremensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1930.
# Christ Church Cemetery, South Amboy, New Jersey

Christ Church Cemetery is located in South Amboy, New Jersey. The cemetery is owned and operated by the Christ Episcopal Church in South Amboy. The cemetery opened in 1856 and is still accepting new burials.

## Notable burials

* Allie Clark (1923–2012), Major League Baseball right-fielder
* Harold G. Hoffman (1896–1954), 41st Governor of New Jersey, from 1935 to 1938 who also represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, from 1927 to 1931.
* Benjamin F. Howell (1844–1933), represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, from 1895 to 1911
# Danny Ormand

Danny Ormand is a retired State of Arkansas employee. He was previously the Fire Chief of Stamps, Arkansas and the County Sheriff of Lafayette County, He has since retired in 2012. He was the Deputy Director for the Arkansas Dept. of Emergency Management and had worked in Emergency Management for 14 years.
# Kaiyamo

Kaiyamo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elia Kaiyamo (born 1951), Namibian politician
* Nico Kaiyamo (born 1961), Namibian politician and businessman
# Pål Christian Roland

Pål Christian Roland (born 30 January 1967) is a Norwegian health administrator and politician for the Christian Democratic Party.
He has a siv.øk. degree from the Norwegian School of Management and a master's degree in health administration from the University of Oslo. He served as secretary-general of the Youth of the Christian People's Party from 1994 to 1995. From 2001 to 2004, under the second cabinet Bondevik, he was a political advisor to Dagfinn Høybråten in the Ministry of Health and Care Services. He left politics in 2004 to become CEO of the Norwegian Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers.
Since 2009 he is director (for "needs analysis and requisitions") at Helse Sør-Øst RHF. He has also been active in the Church of Norway.
# Publique Sportive Mouara

Publique Sportive Mouara is an association football club from Central African Republic based in Bangui.
The team has won the Central African Republic League in 1981 and 1986.

## Stadium

Currently the team plays at the 35,000 capacity Barthelemy Boganda Stadium.

## Honours

* Central African Republic League: 1981, 1986
# Portugal at the 1912 Summer Olympics

Portugal's first participation in the Summer Olympic Games took place at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. The nation was represented by a delegation of six competitors, who took part in three sports but failed to win a medal. The Portuguese debut participation was marked by the death of flag bearer Francisco Lázaro, who succumbed to electrolytic imbalance after the marathon race.

## Athletics

4 athletes represented Portugal in the nation's Olympic debut. Lázaro collapsed during the marathon due to his use of wax to prevent sweating; he died the next morning.
Ranks given are within that athlete's heat for running events.
| Athlete | Events | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Events | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Francisco Lázaro | Marathon | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | did not finish | did not finish |
| Armando Luzarte-Cortesão | 400 m | ? | 3 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Armando Luzarte-Cortesão | 800 m | ? | 2 Q | ? | 6-9 | did not advance | did not advance |
| António Stromp | 100 m | ? | 3 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| António Stromp | 200 m | ? | 3 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Fencing

A single fencer represented Portugal in that nation's Olympic debut. Fernando Correia was disqualified in the first round of the épée competition.
| Fencer | Event | Round 1 | Round 1 | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Fencer | Event | Record | Rank | Record | Rank | Record | Rank | Record | Rank |
| Fernando Correia | Épée | Disqualified | Disqualified | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Wrestling
### Greco-Roman

Portugal's Olympic debut included two wrestlers. Both wrestlers lost their first bout, won their second, and lost their third to be eliminated.
| Wrestler | Class | First round | Second round | Third round | Fourth round | Fifth round | Sixth round | Seventh round | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Wrestler | Class | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Match A Opposition Result | Match B Opposition Result | Match C Opposition Result | Rank |
| António Pereira | Featherweight | Haapanen (FIN) L | MacKenzie (GBR) W | Andersson (SWE) L | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | 19 |
| Joaquim Victal | Middleweight | Carcereri (ITA) L | Barrier (FRA) W | Asikainen (FIN) L | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | 20 |

## Officials

* Fernando Correia (chief of mission)