OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# One-way voice link

A one-way voice link (OWVL) is typically a radio based communication method used by spy networks to communicate with agents in the field typically (but not exclusively) using shortwave radio frequencies.
Shortwave frequencies were and are generally highly preferred for their long range, as a communications link of 1200 km is easily possible. VHF and UHF frequencies can be used for one-way voice circuits, but are generally not preferred as their range is at best 300 km (on flat terrain). Since the 1970s infrared point-to-point communication systems have been used that offer OWVLs, but the number of users was always limited.
This communications system often employs recorders to transmit pre-recorded messages in real time or in burst transmissions, which minimize the time that a spy needs to be on the air. Voice-scrambling systems have been selectively used for this kind of communications circuit since the 1980s, based on operational needs.
Since personal computers became cheap and readily available in the 2000s, time compressed voice scrambling for one-way and bi-directional circuits is a practically free technology.
OWVLs have existed outside espionage, for example the NICAM transmission system was modified in the UK to allow for an OWVL to BBC mobile units. This OWVL was typically used for sports events, as it was highly flexible.

## Historical context

During the mid- to late Cold War the STASI (the East German intelligence agency) used point-to-point infrared technology for 2-way voice links within the divided city of Berlin. OWVLs were used intermittently.
OWVL transmission methods were used during the Falklands War by UK elite forces to provide information about suitable troop landing areas. This fact emerged in the late 1980s when UK veterans of the war were writing their memoirs. Argentina had access to similar technology to communicate with its military, but did not really use it during this conflict.
# Radio Subotica

Radio Subotica is a radio station, broadcasting from Subotica, Vojvodina, Serbia. It was founded on 29 November 1968. It broadcasts program on 3 languages: Serbian, Croatian and Hungarian.
# Political Intelligence Department (1939–1943)

The Political Intelligence Department was a department of the British Foreign Office during World War II. Established in 1939, its main function was the production of weekly intelligence summaries. It was originally headed by Foreign Office diplomat Rex Leeper.
In April 1943, the department was merged with the Royal Institute of International Affairs' Foreign Research and Press Service in Oxford, creating the new Foreign Office Research Department.
The 'Political Intelligence Department' name continued to exist until 1946 as a cover for the Political Warfare Executive.
# Jean-Marc Moura

Jean-Marc Moura (born 5 May 1956) is a French literary scholar. He is considered to have pioneered post-colonial studies in French literature.
Moura is a member of the Institut Universitaire de France. Since 2014, he has been a member of the Academia Europaea.

## Biography

Jean-Marc Moura was born on 5 May 1956 in Montreuil. He earned a PhD in comparative literature from the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle in 1986. He has been a Professor of comparative literature at the Lille University between 1996 and 2008, and a Professor of comparative and francophone literature at the Paris Nanterre University since 2008.
In 2003, he was awarded the Gay-Lussac-Humboldt prize of the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung for his research.
In 2011–2012, Moura was a fellow at the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts.
# List of highways numbered 728

The following highways are numbered 728:

## Canada

* Highway 728

## Costa Rica

* National Route 728

## United States

* LA 728
** LA 728-1
** LA 728-2
** LA 728-3
** LA 728-4
** LA 728-5
** LA 728-6
** LA 728-7
** LA 728-8
* SR 728
* PR-728
* FM 728
| Preceded by 727 | Lists of highways 728 | Succeeded by 729 |
# Postage stamps and postal history of the Niger Territories

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Niger Territories, an area between the Forcados and Brasse Rivers, once administered by the Royal Niger Company but now part of modern Nigeria.

## First stamps

The first stamps used in the Niger Territories were British stamps from 1890. The Niger Territories never issued stamps, they only used British stamps which can be identified by their distinctive postmarks. The postmarks were inscribed "THE NIGER TERRITORIES POST OFFICE" or "THE ROYAL NIGER COMPANY CHARTERED & LIMITED", and with the name of the post office underneath. The post offices were:
* Abutshi (4 October to 31 December 1899)
* Akassa (1888 to December 1899)
* Asaba (inscr. Agent General Niger Territories) (1894 to 4 August 1895)
* Burutu (20 January 1897 to 20 May 1899)
* Lokoja (30 June to 31 December 1899)

## Transfer

From 1 January 1900, the territories were transferred to the control of the British government to form the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.
# Melitaea nevadensis

Melitaea nevadensis is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

## Taxonomy

The name nevadensis originally referred to a subspecies of Melitaea deione, and later of Melitaea athalia, found in the Spanish Sierra Nevada. At the beginning of the 21st century, molecular studies (mitochondrial DNA) have determined that the Melitaea athalia populations from southwestern Europe (mostly comprising subspecies M. a. celadussa, but also M. a. nevadensis) likely constitute a separate species from the nominal M. athalia that is widespread throughout the Palaearctic region. These butterflies are distinct genetically and morphologically in the structure of the genitalia. This newly identified species has been referred to as Melitaea nevadensis, Melitaea celadussa or Melitaea helvetica.

## Distribution

Melitaea nevadensis replaces Melitaea athalia in the Iberian Peninsula, in southeastern France, western and southern Switzerland, and most of Italy. In France and Italy, the ranges of these two species are separated by a broad transition zone where the specimens have intermediate morphological features.

## Description

It has a wingspan of about 40 millimetres (1.6 in). These butterflies are golden yellow or orange, with fine black markings.

## Biology

Caterpillars feed on Plantago, Antirrhinum, Veronica, Linaria, Melampyrum, Digitalis and Pedicularis species.
# Olukbaşı, Acıpayam

Olukbaşı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Acıpayam, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 454 (2022).
# Himalaya: A Human History

Himalaya: A Human History is a nonfiction book by Ed Douglas, a mountaineer, journalist, and author who has spent over twenty-five years reporting from the Himalayan region, published in 2020 by Random House.

## Overview

The book is divided into 20 chapters that cover the emergence of the mountains from the Tethys Sea, the role of the Himalayas in the Puranas, the exploits of British explorers, the Sino-Indian War, and the recent tensions surrounding Sherpa labor and mountaineering on Mount Everest. According to Library Journal, the book "includes details of how Buddhism gained prominence in the region, the influence of trade routes, and how the tectonic forces that created the world's tallest mountain shaped events as much as the two regional superpowers, China and India, with an invasive and oversized role played by the East India Company and Britain."

## Reception

In The New Yorker, Akash Kapur writes, "Douglas, an accomplished mountaineer and the author of eight previous books on the subject, is refreshingly aware of his own romanticizations." Writing for The New York Times, Jeffrey Gettleman calls "this book in itself is a bit of a mountain to climb, nearly 600 densely packed pages — its own Everest." In The Times Literary Supplement, John Keay writes, "Douglas is said to have been working on his book for twenty-five years. The research is impressive. His bibliography runs to twenty pages and lists around a thousand titles."
According to Sribala Subramanian, a former Time magazine reporter, the book bridges the gap by narrating little-known histories of places in and around the Himalayas. In The Telegraph, Mick Brown writes, "Douglas is particularly good on the arrival and development of Buddhism in Tibet, not least the internecine political and spiritual intrigues, and the tortuous complexities of identifiable reincarnation – a singular mixture of magic and realpolitik – that sustained Tibet as a theocracy, with the Dalai Lama at its pinnacle, for 12 centuries until the Chinese invasion in 1950."
In a review for Library Journal, Zebulin Evelhoch writes, "Most of the history is drawn from European sources and viewpoints, first from missionaries and traders, followed by East India Company and British officials, and expanding to include some local sources closer to present day. Nonetheless, a comprehensive outsiders' view of tribal and royal intrigue is explored in detail, often to dizzying effect given the vast locations, time, and number of individuals involved."
Victor Mallet from the Financial Times states, "Douglas has achieved something more valuable than describe current events [in and around Himalayan region]: he has examined the ancient origins of those events with a scholarly yet entertaining synthesis of hundreds of years of history."
Kirkus Reviews describes the book as "A towering addition to any geography or mountaineering buff's library." According to Publishers Weekly, "Written in elegant prose with sharply etched profiles of historical figures, this engrossing account offers a fresh, revealing portrait of a much-mythologized place."
# Oleksandr Muzychuk

Oleksandr Muzychuk (born January 10, 1994) is a Ukrainian former footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career
### Early career

Muzychuk began his youth training as a pupil with Podillya Khmelnytskyi. In 2011, he joined the professional ranks by playing abroad in the Moldovan National Division with Nistru Otaci for two seasons. He returned to his native country in 2013 to play with Zbruch Volochysk in the Ukrainian Football Amateur League. After a season in Ukraine, he returned to the Moldovan top-tier league to play with Costuleni. Following his second stint in Moldova, he returned to his former club academy club Podillya Khmelnytskyi in 2016 to compete in Ukraine's national amateur circuit.

### Canada

Muzychuk spent the summer of 2016 abroad in the Canadian Soccer League with Ukraine United. In his debut season in the Canadian circuit, he helped the club secure a playoff berth by finishing second in the league's first division. He contributed a goal against the Brantford Galaxy in the opening round of the playoffs that advanced the Ukrainians to the next round. Their playoff campaign would conclude in the next round after a defeat by the Serbian White Eagles.

### Ukraine

Following his Canadian stint, he returned to his former club Podillya Khmelnytskyi in the Ukrainian Second League. In his debut season in the Ukrainian third division, he played in 12 matches and recorded 3 goals. After the season's conclusion, his contract was extended for another three years. In his second year with Podillya, he was loaned to Kolos Kovalivka in the Ukrainian First League. Muzychuk returned to Podillya the following season after making a total of 4 appearances for Kolos.
After three years with Podillya in the professional ranks, he left the club to secure a deal with Polissya Zhytomyr. In 2020, he returned to the amateur level to play with Nyva Terebovlia.

### Germany

Muzychuk played in the regional German level with SV Fortuna Trebendorf in 2021.
# Hogtown, Indiana

Hogtown is an unincorporated community in Whiskey Run Township, Crawford County, Indiana.
# Northlake, South Carolina

Northlake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anderson County, South Carolina. The population was 3,818 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Northlake is a suburban area located in central Anderson County at 34°33′46″N 82°41′25″W﻿ / ﻿34.56278°N 82.69028°W﻿ / 34.56278; -82.69028 (34.562912, -82.690145), bordering the north side of Anderson, the county seat. The CDP is on both sides of an arm of Lake Hartwell, a large reservoir and recreation area. Interstate 85 forms the northern boundary of the CDP, leading northeast 27 miles (43 km) to Greenville and southwest 120 miles (190 km) to Atlanta. Exits 19 (U.S. Route 76) and 21 (U.S. Route 178) serve the community.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.2 square miles (13.4 km$^2$), of which 4.1 square miles (10.7 km$^2$) is land and 1.0 square mile (2.7 km$^2$), or 20.42%, is water. Darwin Wright Park, a City of Anderson recreation area, provides access within the CDP to Lake Hartwell on its arm formed by Six and Twenty Creek.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Northlake racial composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 3,121 | 81.74% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 366 | 9.59% |
| Native American | 3 | 0.08% |
| Asian | 87 | 2.28% |
| Pacific Islander | 2 | 0.05% |
| Other/Mixed | 143 | 3.75% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 96 | 2.51% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 3,818 people, 1,530 households, and 1,085 families residing in the CDP.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,659 people, 1,611 households, and 1,089 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 862.7 inhabitants per square mile (333.1/km$^2$). There were 1,775 housing units at an average density of 418.5 per square mile (161.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.90% White, 6.81% African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.28% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.52% of the population.
There were 1,611 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.78.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,371, and the median income for a family was $62,415. Males had a median income of $44,236 versus $30,125 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $28,912. About 1.4% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.5% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Maurice Doyle

Maurice Doyle (born 17 October 1969) is an English former footballer.

## Career

Doyle began playing football at the age of 9, began playing football for Polygon and then Princess Villa in the Ellesmere Port League. He was given a trial at Crewe Alexandra, where he began his professional career as a trainee, along with Rob Jones and Craig Hignett. He made his senior debut in 1988. He signed for Queens Park Rangers for £80,000 in 1989, where he spent six seasons but failed to become a first-team regular, playing only six times in the league for Rangers. He made his most first team appearances at his next club, Millwall, after a £25,000 move.
After being released by Millwall at the end of the 1997-98 season, he had a trial at Shrewsbury Town but was only offered a month-long contract. Instead, he dropped into non-league with Telford United, where he played until 2000.
Doyle later played for several clubs since in the Welsh Premier League and English non-league. He was later player-manager of Cheshire-based amateur club Castrol Social, winning the Pyke Cup in 2008. Doyle can now be often found playing for Queens Park Rangers in the Football Masters.
# John Worrall (RAF officer)

Air Vice Marshal John "Barron" Worrall, CB, DFC (9 April 1911 – 14 January 1988) was a Royal Air Force pilot who, during the Second World War, led No. 32 Squadron in the Battle of Britain, flying the Hawker Hurricane.

## RAF career
### Early years

Worrall joined the RAF in 1930 and was granted permanent status on 19 December 1931, in the rank of pilot officer. He represented the RAF College at Hockey. Worrall initially joined No. 1 Squadron, and then transferred to No. 208 Squadron on 28 February 1933. In 1936, he went to China, where he attended the School of Oriental Studies at Peking University.

### Second World War

Worrall was recalled and posted to No. 32 Squadron RAF in May 1940. While based at Biggin Hill and Hawkinge, Worrall participated in the Battle of Britain, commanding No. 32 Squadron. Under his leadership, by the end of August 1940, No. 32 Squadron had claimed 71 enemy aircraft shot down for five pilots killed. By the end of August, No. 32 Squadron had destroyed 102 enemy aircraft. In early August 1940 Worrall was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC).
Soon afterwards Worrall became a Fighter Controller at Biggin Hill's control room.
Worrall's only personal score was a half share, made on 31 August 1940. He was shot down only once on 20 July 1940, obliging him to a forced landing near Hawkinge in Hurricane Mk. I, N2532.
In March 1944 Wing Commander Worrall was Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters No. 216 Group.

### Post-war

In July 1945, Worrall became Senior Personnel Staff Officer at Headquarters Transport Command. He continued to serve in the RAF after the war, rising to the rank of air vice marshal. He retired on 1 January 1963.
Following retirement from the RAF, Worrall became managing director of The Advertising Agency Poster Bureau Ltd in 1964 and 1965.

## Citations

* ↑ Holmes 1998, p. 85.
* ↑ Air Vice-Marshal J Worrall (26251)
# Mega Drive Advanced Gaming

Mega Drive Advanced Gaming was a magazine that focused on the Sega Mega Drive video game console, but would also cover the Mega-CD and 32X. Launched by Maverick Magazines around the same time as Future's MEGA in August 1992, with issue 1 cover dated as September 1992.
In 1995 the magazine ceased publication. Hugh Gollner, publisher and owner of Maverick Magazines, granted the magazine preservation project permission to scan, edit and release the back issues of Mega Drive Advanced Gaming.
Mega Drive Advanced Gaming was the launch-title for Maverick Magazines. Early on in its life, it was recognised by the Audit Bureau of Circulations as the best-selling Mega Drive magazine in the UK.
# Olukbaşı, Taşköprü

Olukbaşı is a village in the Taşköprü District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 186 (2021).
# Chemung, Pennsylvania

Chemung is an unincorporated community in McNett Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States. Chemung is located on Quadrant Route 1013 (Ellenton Mountain Road) in extreme northern Lycoming County, 4.6 miles (7.4 km) south of Canton.
# Old Leupp, Arizona

Old Leupp is a populated place situated in Coconino County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of 4,701 feet (1,433 m) above sea level.
# Omiodes poeonalis

Omiodes poeonalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (North Kivu, Bas Congo, Orientale, East Kasai, Katanga), Sierra Leone, Tanzania, the Chagos Archipelago, China, Indonesia (Borneo, Flores, Java, Sumatra), Sri Lanka, Japan and Australia (Queensland).
The larvae feed on Ipomoea batatas, Cassia species, Glycine max, Senna species and Tephrosia candida.
# Mittelbronn

Mittelbronn is a commune in the Moselle department of Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# Mangué Cissé

Mangué Cissé Djibrila (17 November 1945 – 30 September 2009) was an Ivorian footballer who played as a defender. In 1970 he reached to semi-final of the Africa Cup of Nations. He died on 30 September 2009 after long-term disease. He had seven children, the youngest of whom is French international, Djibril Cissé.
# Mega Filmes HD

Mega Filmes HD was a Brazilian portal that distributed films, documentaries, television series, miniseries, telenovelas, shows, anime, and cartoons without paying royalties or taxes. The site was on the air for five years and came to offer about 160 thousand files of international and national products. Mega Filmes HD was considered one of the biggest pirate sites in Latin America.

## Operation Blackbeard

On the morning of November 18, 2015, the Federal Police Department of Sorocaba (SP) launched Operation Barba Negra, which dismantled suspects who were broadcasting programs even before the official premieres. A couple was hastily arrested and another five people were taken to Federal Police units to be heard and later released. 14 court orders were executed – issued by the 1st Federal Court of Sorocaba – in the cities of Cerquilho (SP), Campinas (SP), and Ipatinga (MG). The bank accounts of the seven suspected of managing the site were blocked by the Court at the request of the Federal Police. Those investigated were indicted for committing crimes of constituting a criminal organization, with a penalty of three to eight years and a fine, in addition to copyright infringement with a penalty of two to four years and a fine.
A police estimate points out that the site received 60 million visits per month in the first half of 2015, of which 85% were from Brazilians and 15% from countries such as Portugal and Japan. On Facebook, the site had over 4.5 million followers. The income came from charging for advertising displayed on the site.

### Mega Films Couple

The couple's lawyer who ran the site said they admitted they had the service and that they did not know the case was so serious. The website owner said he had the same business in Japan, where he lived for about nine years, and brought the service to Brazil. "My client arrived from Japan and there this practice is common. He did not imagine that he would be arrested", said the lawyer.
The couple was released a few days later, responding in freedom since November 28, 2015.

### Repercussion

The announcement of the end of Mega Filmes HD took many netizens by surprise. On Twitter, the name of the site remained throughout the day among the most talked about topics on the social network. Some internet users even created a Facebook campaign to change their profile pictures in favor of the site. There was no shortage of people complaining about the site going offline or making memes and jokes about it.
A petition has also been created on behalf of Mega Filmes HD administrators through Avaaz.org.