OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Block acknowledgement

Block acknowledgement (BA) was initially defined in IEEE 802.11e as an optional scheme to improve the MAC efficiency. 802.11n amendment ratified in 2009 enhances this BA mechanism then made it as mandatory to support by all 802.11n-capable devices (formally known as HT - High Throughput devices).
Instead of transmitting an individual ACK for every MPDU (i.e., frame), multiple MPDUs can be acknowledged together using a single BA frame. Block Ack (BA) contains bitmap size of 64*16 bits. These 16 bits accounts the fragment number of the MPDUs to be acknowledged. Each bit of this bitmap represent the status (success/failure) of a MPDU.
Block acknowledgement consist of a setup and tear-down of the session phases. In the setup phase, capability information such as buffer size and BA policy are negotiated with the receiver. Once the setup phase completed, the transmitter can send frames without waiting for ACK frame. Finally the BA session is torn down with a so-called DELBA frame.

## Block Ack policies

1. HT Immediate BlockAck
2. HT Delayed BlockAck
The frames used in these agreements are:
* BAR (Block Acknowledgement Request)
To request an acknowledgement to the recipient station, confirming that has received a block of frames.
* BA (Block Acknowledgement) response

## BA Variants

* Normal (Basic) Block Ack (obsolete)
* Compressed Block Ack
** It is an enhanced version of BA defined in 802.11n. In compressed BA, Fragmented MSDUs cannot be transmitted and hence the bitmap size is reduced from 1024 (64*16) bits to 64 (64*1) bits.
* Multi TID Block Ack
** This scheme is applicable only with QoS. Previously described BA variants are capable of acknowledging a single TID (traffic identifier).
The confirmation from the recipient station, stating which frames have been received, this is explicitly mentioned in a matrix (part of the BAR) call the "bit map".
# Chaca (fish)

Chaca is the only genus in the catfish family Chacidae. These fish are commonly known as squarehead catfishes, frogmouth catfishes, or angler catfishes. These unusual fish have a sedentary lifestyle and spend much of their time motionless.
The name Chaca is because, when removed from the water, they will rapidly repeat the sound "chaca". Only C. chaca makes these sounds; the other species do not.

## Species

The four currently recognized species in this genus are:
* Chaca bankanensis Bleeker, 1852 (angler catfish)
* Chaca burmensis B. A. Brown & Ferraris, 1988
* Chaca chaca (F. Hamilton, 1822) (squarehead catfish)
* Chaca serica H. H. Ng & Kottelat, 2012

## Distribution and habitat

Chaca species are found in fresh water from eastern India to Borneo.
C. chaca is found in rivers, canals, and ponds of grassland, scrubland, deciduous forest, and rainforest habitats. On the other hand, C. bankanensis is only found in the rainforest, where it inhabits peat.

## Appearance and anatomy

Chaca catfish have elongated, broad, and flattened heads. The mouths are terminal and very wide. Three or four pairs of barbels are found, though if the nasal barbels are present, they are minute. These fish grow to a length of about 20 cm (7.9 in).
The dorsal fin is short and possesses strong, serrated, fin spines, which are strong enough to inflict wounds.

## Ecology

These fish live in soft substrates where they bury themselves as camouflage, both for protection and to feed. These fish are ambush predators. They feed on prey such as small fish, including cyprinids and pupfishes. They lie in wait, well camouflaged, in preparation for prey to swim by. Sometimes, they use their maxillary barbels (attached to the upper jaw) to lure prey fish closer to their mouths, similar to a worm jerking in the water, although this behavior is contested by some aquarists, who do not observe this behavior. When the catfish is ready to strike, the Chaca will open its large mouth rapidly, creating a vacuum that pulls in water and its prey, which may be up to half the fish's own length. These fish are also able to use this large mouths as a means of propulsion; when frightened, they will gulp a large amount of water and expel it through their gills.

## In the aquarium

Chaca species are occasionally available as aquarium fish. They are nocturnal and are usually inactive. A bizarre phenomenon is shown in that Chaca species appear to lower the pH of the water, so maintenance of water chemistry is necessary. These fish have been bred in captivity.
# Moustapha Kourouma

Moustapha Kourouma (born October 11, 1977, in Abidjan) is a Burkinabé footballer.

## Career

Kourouma was transferred in January 2007 from AS Mangasport to Issia Wazi, and played with Wazi at the CAF Confederations Cup.

## International career

He was a member of the Burkina Faso national football team.
# Pansol

Pansol is an urban barangay in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines. It is located at the southeast edge of the city. The barangay is situated at the foot of Mount Makiling near the city's border with Los Baños and is known for its hot springs.

## Economy

The resorts industry of Pansol contributes significantly to the barangay's economy and has been known as a tourist destination for its resorts since the 1970s. As of October 2009, there are about 700 resorts in Pansol.

## Geography

Pansol is subdivided into seven puroks numbered I to VII. The barangay covers a total area of 5.28 km$^2$ (2.04 sq mi). It is surrounded by five other barangays.
| Directions | Barangay |
| West | Maunong |
| East | Sucol Bagong Kalsada |
| South | Puting Lupa |
| North | Bucal |

## Education

Pansol is the site of at least two elementary schools namely E. Baretto Sr. Elementary School and Perpetual Help Elementary School as well as a senior high school, the E. Baretto National High School.
# Charles Ballard

Charles Ballard was an association football player who represented New Zealand, playing in New Zealand's first ever official international.
Ballard made his full All Whites debut in New Zealand's inaugural A-international fixture, beating Australia 3–1 on 17 June 1922 and ended his international playing career with eight A-international caps and one goal to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 4–1 loss to Canada on 23 July 1927.
Ballard appeared in two Chatham Cup finals, in 1923 and 1925.
# Nesozineus probolus

Nesozineus probolus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1996.
# Infinity Tower (Brisbane)

The Infinity Tower is a 249-metre (817 ft) skyscraper by Meriton completed in 2014 at 43 Herschel Street Brisbane, Australia. It was the tallest building in Brisbane until it was surpassed by 1 William Street in 2016.
It contains 81 levels of serviced apartments and residential apartments totalling 549 units. It is situated on a relatively small site and is part of the North Quarter district of the Brisbane CBD. It is close to Roma Street railway station, King George Square, Queen Street Mall and the Treasury District. It is also close to the Kurilpa Bridge which gives access to South Bank Parklands and the Queensland Cultural Centre.
Facilities available to tenants includes a spa, lap pool, private gym and sauna. The tower uses Schindler Miconic 10 efficient lift system.
Nearly two-thirds of the building's apartments had been sold as of February 2013.

## Construction

Excavation began in November 2009 after Meriton purchased the site, which was formerly a ground level carpark, for A$25 million.
In March 2012, Meriton applied for permission from the federal Department of Infrastructure and Transport to operate a crane at a height of 311 m after the Brisbane City Council approved the addition of four storeys to the design.
The building was officially opened by Queensland Premier, Campbell Newman and Meriton boss, Harry Triguboff on 24 July 2013. Levels 25 to 64 had been progressively completed from November 2013 and the overall construction was finished in early 2014.

## Design

The buildings structure is made almost entirely of Reinforced concrete. The vertical and horizontal streaks on the side of building are aluminum facades that are designed to make the building appear taller than it is.
# Joseph Wilcox

Joseph Wilcox (23 March 1887 – 29 May 1964) was an English professional footballer who played as an outside right for various clubs in the years preceding the First World War.

## Football career

Wilcox was born in Walsall, Worcestershire and joined Aston Villa, initially as an amateur, in March 1906 before signing as a professional in November 1907. He only played six games in the Football League for Aston Villa, before joining Birmingham in a part-exchange deal involving George Travers in November 1908.
He was a winger who enjoyed beating opposing defenders, and was a creator of chances for others rather than a goalscorer. He played 48 games for Birmingham in all competitions before moving on to Southampton in May 1911.
Southampton's newly appointed manager, George Swift, spent a total of £820 on transfers, recruiting eleven new players during May and June 1911. Wilcox was one of the few of these signings who did himself justice in the new season, which ended in a 16th-place finish in the Southern League resulting in Swift's resignation. Playing at outside-right, Wilcox possessed speed and was able to deliver a variety of crosses, and also had the ability to "manoeuvre astutely" to beat the opposing full-back. He scored four goals in his first eleven games, but his form dipped towards the latter part of the season and, in March 1912, he lost his place to Sid Kimpton.
After the end of his one season at The Dell he dropped into non-league football with Wellington Town.
He died in Walsall on 29 May 1964, aged 77.
# Ingolf Fjeld

Ingolf Fjeld is a mountain in King Christian IX Land, Sermersooq, Eastern Greenland.
An attempt by Danish/British mountaineers to climb this peak was the subject of a 1981 Danish documentary movie named after the mountain.

## Geography

The mountain rises steeply from the shore at the northeastern end of the Kangertittivatsiaq fjord. Ingolf Fjeld was mentioned as a 7,300-foot-high (2,225 m) peak by Fridtjof Nansen, who further said that it is the first mountain one sees far out at sea in the Denmark Strait when approaching East Greenland from Iceland. Other sources give an elevation of 2,560 m (8,400 ft).
Freddie Spencer Chapman, the surveyor of the British Arctic Air Route Expedition described the mountain thus:
   At the head of the fjord, away in the distance, was a superb pinnacled mountain reminiscent of St. Paul's Cathedral; this was Ingolfs Fjeld.
The South Face of Ingolfsfeld was climbed in 1975 by a team led by Steve Chadwick. The climb took four days in ascent and descent. 63 pitches, graded EDsup. The team also made the ascent and descent of the Croatian East Ridge in one 24-hour push.
# Black Isle Show

The Black Isle Show is an agricultural show held in the village of Muir of Ord, in the Highlands of Scotland. It is the largest agricultural show in the Highlands, with farmers from across the region displaying equipment and livestock. It is organised by the Black Isle Farmer's Society, and is held annually on the first Thursday in August.

## History

The show was first held in 1836 in Fortrose, and until 1956, moved locations between the farms of society members. It moved to its permanent location, the Mannsfield showground just outside Muir of Ord, in 1957 and has been held there every year except for in 2020 and 2021 when it was cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
in 2017, the show celebrated its 180th anniversary.

## Attractions

The main events of the show include the display and judging of livestock, show jumping, monster truck and stunt displays and sheep shearing competitions. Also present are stalls selling food, crafts and farming equipment, and a bar with live music.
The show ground is used for other events throughout the year, such as the winter scale model show, craft fairs and car boot sales.
# Chanderiya Smelter Complex

Chanderiya Smelter Complex is the world's largest lead-zinc smelter complex in the Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan state of India. It is metallurgical type plant. The original complex was built from 1989 and commissioned in 1991.
It refines lead-zinc ore from Rampura Agucha. It produces zinc, lead, cadmium and other precious metals.
# Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital

Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital is a non-profit hospital in George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Established in 1976, the 40-bed hospital at Tanjung Bungah offers specialist treatments for cancer patients, including tomotherapy, radiosurgery and chemotherapy.

## History

Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital was established by six Catholic nuns of the Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood. The construction of the hospital began in 1974 and whilst waiting for the hospital's occupancy certificate, the nuns took the initiative to collect public donations for the project. The hospital was opened in 1976.
Initially, Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital focused on palliative care of late-stage cancer patients. In 1979, the then Chief Ministers of Penang, Lim Chong Eu, declared the opening of its Outpatient Complex and Radiotherapy Unit. Within the year, the hospital also obtained its first radiotherapy machine.
Further developments included the completion of a day chemotherapy unit in 1999 and a palliative outpatient clinic in 2001.

## Services

The hospital specialises in cancer treatments, including the following services.
* Tomotherapy
* Stereotactic radiosurgery
* Intensity modulated radiotherapy
* Image-guided radiotherapy
* 3D conformal radiotherapy
* 3D brachytherapy
* Chemotherapy
* Oncology
* Palliative care
# Henry Curwen (journalist)

Henry Curwen (1845–1892) was an English journalist and author, who became editor of The Times of India.

## Life

He was born at Workington Hall, the son of Henry Curwen, rector of Workington in Cumberland; his father was a younger son of Henry Christian Curwen (1783–1860), and his mother Dora Goldie was daughter of Alexander John Goldie. He was educated at Rossall School, and then worked in London for John Camden Hotten the publisher.
In 1876 Curwen left England for India, and settled there. Nassau Lees, who had recently acquired the Times of India published in Bombay, took on Curwen as assistant editor, under Grattan Geary the editor. Curwen wrote in the paper an account of a tour through districts affected by the Great Famine of 1876–78.
In 1880 Curwen became chief editor of the Times of India, and began to improve its reputation. The will of Lees, who died in 1889, gave him a chance to buy the concern. He became proprietor, with Charles Kane as his manager.
Curwen's health failed, and he died, unmarried, on 22 February 1892. He was on board the P&O ship SS Ravenna, three days out of Bombay, and he was buried at sea. A brass memorial tablet was placed in St Thomas's Cathedral, Bombay.

## Works

For Hotten, Curwen was involved in compiling books including The Golden Treasury of Thought. His work under his own name was a volume of translations Echoes from French Poets published by Hotten in 1870, and contained verse translations from Alfred de Musset, Alphonse de Lamartine, Charles Baudelaire, and others. He translated also Baudelaire's Study of Edgar Allan Poe in 1872.
In the Westminster Review Curwen wrote between 1871 and 1873 his own account of Poe's career, and also detailed articles on Henri Murger, Novalis, Sándor Petőfi, Honoré de Balzac, and André Chenier. These articles were collected in two volumes (1874), as Sorrow and Song; Studies of Literary Struggle. Other works were:
* A History of Booksellers; the New and the Old (1873)
* Within Bohemia, or Love in London (1876), a volume of short stories, followed by others
* Plodding on; or, the Jog Trot to Fame and Fortune (1879), novel
* Zit and Xoe (1886), novel (anonymous), reprinted from Blackwood's Magazine. A novel about two prehistoric Archaic humans.
* Lady Bluebeard (1888, two vols.), novel (anonymous)
* Dr. Hermione (1891), novel (anonymous).
# Charles Chips

Charles Chips is an American maker of snack foods, especially potato chips. It was known for home and office delivery of its products in distinctive tins.
They were known for their signature sales slogan, "Chippin' it!"

## History

The company was started in 1942 when Effie Musser sold her potato chips through a distributor, who put them in distinctive tins, and named them Charles Chips after Charles Street in Baltimore. Effie and her husband soon took over the business and by 1946, moved production to a professional kitchen. They started offering home delivery of their chips, and added pretzels and cookies.
In 1974, the business model of home delivery became more challenging. The company made a strategic move to develop retail packaging and market their products into grocery and convenience stores. In 1979, Charles Chips began distribution into the California market from the Calhoun, KY plant.
In 1984, Charles Chips completed construction of a state-of-the-art pretzel and corn based snack production facility in Mountville, PA.
In 1990, the company had wholesale revenue in excess of $45 million. In 1991, the Mussers sold Charles Chips to a group of investors from Philadelphia. This new company went bankrupt 18 months later.
In 1993, Charles Chips was acquired by a popcorn company from Tampa, FL. They too went bankrupt about 18 months later.
In 1996, Hillside Snacks in North Arlington, NJ acquired the Charles Chips trademark and started marketing Charles Chips under a different recipe.
In early 2011, the Scardino family bought the brand, with plans to bring back the original recipes and the tins. They now sell chips, pretzels, and cookies from their website.
# Neoligia

Neoligia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. Most of the species where previously part of the semicana group of the genus Oligia.

## Species

* Neoligia albirena Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia atlantica Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia canadendsis Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia crytora (Franclemont, 1950)
* Neoligia elephas Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia exhausta (Smith, 1903)
* Neoligia hardwicki Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia inermis Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia invenusta Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia lancea Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia lillooet Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia pagosa Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia rubirena Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia semicana (Walker, 1865) (syn: Neoligia hausta (Grote, 1882))
* Neoligia subjuncta (Smith, 1898) (syn: Neoligia laevigata (Smith, 1898))
* Neoligia surdirena Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2002
* Neoligia tonsa (Grote, 1880)
# Mangatano

Mangatano or Mangarano is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antsirabe II, which is a part of Vakinankaratra Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001 commune census.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 95% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and potatoes; also maize is an important agricultural product.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
19°57′S 46°58′E﻿ / ﻿19.950°S 46.967°E﻿ / -19.950; 46.967
* This Vakinankaratra location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Joseph Quigley

Joseph Quigley (22 November 1899 – 25 March 1974) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1961 to 1965. He was elected to the 10th Seanad in 1961 by the Industrial and Commercial Panel. He lost his seat at the 1965 Seanad election.
# Ingolf Gabold

Ingolf Georg August Gabold (born 31 March 1942 Heidelberg, Germany) is a Danish composer. He is a graduate of the Royal Danish Academy of Music.
He has been the head of the dramatic fiction department at DR, the Danish national broadcaster.
# Morgan v Odhams Press Ltd

Morgan v Odhams Press Ltd clarified the law in England regarding identification of the plaintiff in an action for defamation.

## Claim

A newspaper article in The Sun (then owned by Odhams Press) reported on the kidnapping of a young woman by a dog-doping gang. The woman had been staying at the home of Mr. Morgan, a journalist, at the time of her kidnap.
Morgan claimed that even though the article did not mention him in any way, it implied to those who knew that the woman was staying with him that he was a member of the gang.

## Judgement

Lord Morris of Borth-y-gest ruled that even though the plaintiff was never referred to by name, nor was he even directly implicated upon strict reading of the defamatory article, he was still sufficiently identified. This was because a substantial group of people who knew the plaintiff understood that it referred to him. Lord Morris held that this was sufficient, even though no-one called to give evidence in fact believed the allegations to be true.
# Blue Mountains Shale Cap Forest

The Blue Mountains Shale Cap Forest is a wet-sclerophyll temperate forest community predominantly found in the Blue Mountains, particularly in the Wollemi National Park, and parts of the Hawkesbury in New South Wales, Australia.

## Ecology

Main tree species include Eucalyptus deanei, Eucalyptus cypellocarpa and Syncarpia glomulifera. Remainder tree species are Angophora costata, Angophora floribunda, Eucalyptus notabilis, Eucalyptus piperita and Eucalyptus punctata. The biome, now extensively cleared, was originally a tall open forest and now survives as woodland or as groups of remnant trees.
The Eucalyptus deanei (mountain blue gum) is a leading supplier of tree hollows for owls, parrots, gliders and other hollow dependent animals including the threatened species Powerful Owl and Glossy Black-Cockatoo.

## Geography

The community lies on deep fertile soils on the Wianamatta Shale, typically within damp sheltered areas at lower to middle altitudes of the Blue Mountains and Wollemi areas. Wollondilly also has a similar community. The biome supports diverse mammals and birds than the lower, drier eucalypt forests and woodlands of the Blue Mountains.
# Henri Masson

Henri Masson may refer to:
* Henri Masson (fencer)
* Henri Masson (artist)
# Cincotta (disambiguation)

Cincotta may refer to:
* Cincotta, an Italian surname
* Cincotta, California, a community in Fresno County
* Crystallaria cincotta, a fish better known as the diamond darter
# Herbert Tiede

Herbert Tiede (3 March 1915 – 12 January 1987) was a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1943 to 1975.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1943 | Titanic | 2nd Officer Lightoller | Uncredited |
| 1947 | Jan und die Schwindlerin | Peter Remmers | |
| 1949 | Love '47 | Schwiegersohn des Obersts | |
| 1958 | … und nichts als die Wahrheit [de] | Dr. Peter Bernburger | |
| 1959 | The Shepherd from Trutzberg | Korbin von Puechstein | |
| 1959 | Rommel Calls Cairo | Col. Robertson | |
| 1959 | Court Martial | Capt. Paulsen | |
| 1959 | Morgen wirst du um mich weinen [de] | Dr. Korss | |
| 1959 | Ein Tag, der nie zu Ende geht | Inspektor O'Brien | |
| 1960 | Carnival Confession | Merzbecher | |
| 1960 | Until Money Departs You | Fritz Hassen | |
| 1960 | Das schwarze Schaf | Police Inspector Graven | |
| 1960 | The Last Witness | Dr. Heinz Stephans Anwalt | |
| 1962 | The Parallel Street [ca] | Gremiumsmitglied Nr. 5 | |
| 1964 | Destination Death | Inspektor Ernst Sobotka | |
| 1966 | Die Liebesquelle | Pastor | |
| 1967 | When Night Falls on the Reeperbahn | Generaldirektor Wilhelm Voss | |
| 1970 | Wie ein Blitz [de] | Lawyer John Mills | 2 episodes |
| 1972 | Lo chiameremo Andrea | | |
| 1973 | Old Barge, Young Love | Generaldirektor Bockmann | |
| 1976 | Anita Drögemöller und die Ruhe an der Ruhr [de] | | |
| 1976 | Shir Khofteh | | |
| 1977 | The Expulsion from Paradise | Minor Role | |
| 1979 | Zwei tolle Käfer räumen auf | | |