OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Duncan Hague

James Duncan Hague (1836 – 1908) was an American mining engineer, mineralogist, and geologist.

## Early years

Hague was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to the Rev. William Hague and Mary Bowditch Moriarty. He attended school in Boston and Newark, New Jersey, before enrolling at the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard University in 1854. The following year, he headed to the Georg-August University of Göttingen in Germany to study chemistry and mineralogy for a year before studying mining engineering at the Royal Saxon Mining Academy in Freiberg for two years.

## Career

After returning to New York, Hague was selected by financier William H. Webb to explore several equatorial coral islands in the Pacific Ocean. Webb was involved in the guano business, and Hague examined and documented phosphate deposits on Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands.
During the American Civil War, he spent 1862 and 1863 in Port Royal, South Carolina, as a judge advocate for the U.S. Navy, handling negotiations involving the Atlantic Blockading Squadron. He then worked for Edwin J. Hulbert, developing the Calumet and Hecla copper mines in Michigan, before joining Clarence King in 1867 as an assistant geologist on the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel.
In 1871, he headed to California to work as a consulting expert on mining engineering, working with both private and governmental clients throughout the western U.S. and Mexico. In 1878, he was a member of the U.S. delegation to the Exposition Universelle in Paris, writing a report on the mining companies and innovations on display.
In 1887, Hague acquired the North Star Mining Co. on Lafayette Hill near Grass Valley, California, which he had helped develop during his time in the state. He reorganized the company in 1889 and acquired several other mines, including Gold Hill. Working with his brother-in-law, Arthur De Wint Foote, he grew North Star's operations, eventually deciding to commission North Star House as an event space for the company and home for the company's supervisor, Foote.

## Affiliations

Hague was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and in 1904 he became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. From 1906, Hague was vice president of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. In 1887, he became a fellow of the American Geographical Society before becoming a councillor in 1907 and the society's vice president a year later.

## Personal life

In April 1872, Hague married Mary Ward Foote (1846 – 1898). They had three children: Marian (1873 – 1971), Eleanor (1875 – 1954), and William (1882 – 1918). He died August 3, 1908, at his summer home in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and was buried in Albany Rural Cemetery in Colonie, New York.
# Bergues-sur-Sambre

Bergues-sur-Sambre (French pronunciation:, literally Bergues on Sambre) is a commune in the department of Aisne in Hauts-de-France in the northern part of France.
# James Kershaw

James Kershaw (1795–1864) was a British cotton mill owner and Liberal MP, associated with the Anti-Corn Law League.
He rose from being a clerk for the cotton-spinning company of Lees, Millington & Cullender, of Manchester, to a partner and then head of Kershaw, Lees & Sidebottom, mill owners of Manchester.
He was instrumental in obtaining the municipal franchise of Manchester as a borough in 1838, and was its Mayor between 1842 and 1843, and later became the MP for Stockport from 1847 until his death.
He died at his home in Streatham, and was buried in West Norwood Cemetery where his ornate Gothic tomb by Alfred Waterhouse (architect of the Natural History Museum, London and Manchester Town Hall) is listed Grade II, and in such poor condition as to be on the English Heritage at risk register. There is currently no plan from Lambeth council to improve the situation.
# Mitchell v. United States (1999)

Mitchell v. United States, 526 U.S. 314 (1999), is a United States Supreme Court case that considered two Fifth Amendment privileges related to a criminal defendant’s rights against self-incrimination in a Federal District Court. The court ruled that a defendant who waives the guilty plea does not also waive the privilege during the sentencing phase of the trial, and that the court cannot draw an adverse inference from the defendant's silence when determining facts related to the crime which affect the severity of the sentence.

## Circumstances

Amanda Mitchell was indicted, along with co-defendants, for one count of conspiracy to distribute five or more kilograms of cocaine and pleaded guilty. However, Mitchell reserved the right to contest the drug quantity under the conspiracy count during her sentencing hearing. She was told before her plea was accepted, that she faced a mandatory minimum sentence of one year in prison for the conspiracy offense and a mandatory minimum of ten years in prison if the prosecution could prove the amount of cocaine involved was the required five kilograms necessary for the longer sentence. Mitchell was told that by making a guilty plea she was waiving her Fifth Amendment right to remain silent during the trial.
During the sentencing hearing, the District Court heard testimony from some of Mitchell's codefendants, that the amount of Mitchell's alleged drug sales put her over the five-kilogram threshold. Although Mitchell did not testify in defense of the government's changes regarding the quantity of the drug, her counsel argued that the quantity of cocaine attributable to her for sentencing purposes was less than the threshold. The District Court ruled that as a result of her guilty plea, Mitchell had forfeited the right to remain silent about the crime's details. The District Court accepted the testimony of her co-defendants' that put her over the five-kilogram threshold and that therefore the 10-year minimum sentence was mandated. It also noted that her failure to testify contributed to the court's decision to accept the co-defendants' testimony. The Court of Appeals affirmed this decision.

## Decision

The court held that a guilty plea is not also a waiver of the privilege at sentencing. It also held that the trial court may not draw adverse inference by the defendant's silence while facts bearing upon the severity of the sentence are considered. Any inference of the defendant's silence advocates that a court's ruling can be made on assumption. The court's decision supported that a ruling should be made based on facts. In addition, had the court allowed for an inference to be made from silence, suspicions would then inherently supersede and contradict the principle that defendants are innocent until proven guilty.
# Mitchell v DPP

Mitchell v DPP is a 1985 Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) case in which it was reaffirmed that a Commonwealth state has the power to unilaterally abolish appeals to the JCPC.
Following the 1979 coup by the New Jewel Movement, the People's Revolutionary Government in Grenada (an independent Commonwealth member since 1974, previously an Associated State) enacted a law which abolished all appeals to the Privy Council, a process set out in the Constitution of Grenada. Following the U.S. invasion of Grenada and the overthrow of the revolutionary government, the Parliament of Grenada enacted a 1985 law which confirmed the 1979 act of abolition. Although the 1979 law may not have been constitutional (in that it purported to amend the constitution without enacting a law by a two-thirds parliamentary majority), the 1985 law was passed with a two-thirds majority and thus adhered to the procedure for amending the constitution. Thus, the JCPC held that appeals to it from Grenada had been legitimately abolished as of 21 February 1985.
Since Mitchell and the 18 other appellants had filed their appeal in July 1985, the JCPC was not entitled to hear their appeals.
In 1991, Grenada re-established appeals to the JCPC.
# Buchenbach (disambiguation)

Buchenbach is a municipality in the south west of the Black Forest in Germany.
Buchenbach or Büchenbach may also refer to:
* Büchenbach, a municipality in the district of Roth, in Bavaria, Germany
* Büchenbach (Pegnitz), a district of Pegnitz, in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany
* Büchenbach (Erlangen), a district of Erlangen, in Middle Franconian, Bavaria, Germany
* Buchenbach (Lauter), a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Lauter
* Buchenbach (Murr), a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Murr
# Berwick Gymnasium Arts Fellowship

The Berwick Gymnasium Arts Fellowships were established in 1993 and were offered annually to professional artists who had demonstrated a consistent commitment to their art practice. The Fellowships were an internationally renowned programme open to all artists; national and international. Located in Berwick-upon-Tweed, England, the Fellowships were intended to give artists a period of time when they could reflect upon their practice and focus on the development of their work, responding to the border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed and its coastal location. The former military barracks, known as Berwick Barracks, that housed the studios and gallery space used by artists were built in the early 18th century to the design of the architect Nicholas Hawksmoor. The barracks were among the first in England to be purpose built. The fellowships were jointly funded by English Heritage and Arts Council England until 2011. The fellowships came to an end in 2011 after English Heritage announced funding cuts.
Fellowship holders
1993 Carole Drake 1994 Emrys Williams 1995 Mike Nelson 1996 Marcus Taylor 1997 Louise Cattrell, Paul Housley 1998 Perminder Kaur, Rosie Snell 1999 Virginia Bodman, Richard Walker, Fiona Crisp 2000 Shona Illingworth, Elpida Hadzi-Vasileva, Daniel Sturgis 2001 James Peel, Uta Kogelsberger, Zoe Walker 2002 Annie Cattrell, Marcus Coates, Geraint Evans 2003 Justin Carter, Tanya Axford, Enrique Jezik 2004 Alistair Gentry, Robert Scheipner, Semiconductor (Ruth Jarman and Joe Gerhardt) 2005 Grennan and Sperandio: The Conversationalists project for Berwick 2006 Nathaniel Mellors, Paul McDevitt, Nicky Coutts 2007 Simon Blakemore, Laura Napier, Urban Art: Anne Peschken and Marek Pisarsky 2008 Jason Minsky, Kim L Pace, William Cobbing 2009 Andro Semeiko, Neil Morley, Henna-Riikki Halonen 2010 David Wightman, Hannah Maybank (fellowship holders 2010/11)
# James Henry (writer)

James Henry is a British comedy screenwriter, best known for his work on Green Wing, Campus and co-writing ITV's The Delivery Man.

## Career

He began his career writing for children's television program Bob the Builder, and would contribute to several other series, such as Shaun the Sheep and Dr. Panda. He also wrote on sketch shows like Smack the Pony. He is currently developing two projects. Hero Trip is a huge-budget superhero/road trip comedy, being developed by the UK Film Council. Henry is also developing a teen drama series set in Cornwall for the BBC.
He co-hosts a screenwriting podcast with Matthew Graham, Script Rambles, where the two walk and talk about the UK film and TV industry. He has lectured on television at Falmouth University.

## Filmography

| Production | Tenure | Broadcaster |
| Smack the Pony | (1999-2003) | Channel 4 |
| Bob the Builder | (2000-2003) | BBC/CBeebies |
| Green Wing | (2004-2007) | Channel 4 |
| Horrid Henry | (2007) | CITV |
| Shaun the Sheep | (2007) | CBBC |
| Comedy Showcase | (2009) | Channel 4 |
| Campus | (2009-2011) | Channel 4 |
| The Delivery Man | (2015) | ITV |
| Hey Duggee | (2015-2016) | CBeebies |
| The Happos Family | (2016) | Boomerang |
| Taffy | (2017) | Boomerang |
| Piglets | (2024) | ITV |
# Mollie Holmes Adams

Mollie Wade Holmes Adams (October 8, 1881 – December 14, 1973) was an Upper Mattaponi tribal elder and advocate of tribal culture in Virginia. She advocated for recognition of the tribe and worked to preserve traditional skills and knowledge. She was selected for the Virginia Women in History program by the Library of Virginia.

## Biography

Mollie Wade Holmes was born in 1881, into the Upper Mattaponi Tribe, or Adamstown Band of Mattaponi, and grew up in great poverty in Adamstown. In 1900 she married Jasper Lewis Adams, who served as chief of the tribe for five decades, from 1923 to 1973. She joined him as a tribal leader; he was involved in the purchase and construction of the Sharon Indian School in 1919 and the Indian View Baptist Church in 1942. The couple had twelve children.
Adams was of mixed-race, partial European ancestry, and she and her husband shared some common lineage. Beginning in the 1920s, the Virginia Bureau of Vital Statistics, led by Walter Plecker, attempted to classify Indians such as Adams and her children as "colored", under the new Racial Integrity Act of 1924. It required classification of all residents as white or colored (black), and Plecker was convinced that some families identified as Native American just to hide African ancestry. He insisted on a one-drop rule: if a person had any African ancestry, they should be classified as black (colored). He ignored how people identified culturally.
To counter the efforts to classify her as colored, Adams was required to provide a statement signed by eight white men certifying her Indian ancestry; the document still exists. During this period, many people did lose their classification as Indian, resulting in later problems when tribes tried to gain recognition, as state records did not affirm their historical continuity as Indians.
In her role as tribal elder, Adams played a pivotal role in preservation of feather weaving, an art which had almost been lost and which she passed on to others. She assisted anthropologists with a variety of studies, including discussing herbal remedies with them. Her activism provided a strong base of support for tribal life.
In addition, she was the mother of Andrew Washington Adams, who served as chief from 1974 to 1985; her grandson, Kenneth Adams, has served as chief of the tribe as well. Her husband died in 1971.
Adams was honored in 2010 as one of the Virginia Women in History.
# Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa

Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa (born 1940) is a Cameroonian film director and writer. He produced Cameroon's first full-length feature film, Muna Moto, in 1975. Dikongué Pipa's films deal with the interrelationships between elements of traditional Cameroonian culture and the wider world.

## Filmography

| Film | Year |
| Badiaga | 1987 |
| La Foire aux livres à Hararé | 1984 |
| Histoires drôles et drôles de gens | 1983 |
| Music and Music: Super Concert | 1981 |
| Kpa Kum | 1980 |
| Le Prix de la liberté | 1978 |
| Muna Moto | 1975 |
| Rendez-vous moi mon père | 1966 |
| Les Cornes | 1966 |
| Un simple | 1965 |
# Gille Brigte, Earl of Angus

Gille Brigte of Angus is one of the earliest attested Mormaers of Angus. He was possibly a descendant of Dubacan of Angus.
Gille Brigte is recorded as a witness to a charter dating to 1150. He probably fathered both Adam and Gille Críst. He was dead by 1189, when his son Adam was the Mormaer.
# Jeanette

Jeanette, Jeannette or Jeanetta may refer to:

## Places

* Jeannette, Ontario, Canada
* Jeannette Runciman Island, Ontario, Canada
* Jeannette Island, Russia
* Jeannette, Pennsylvania, U.S.
* Jeannette Monument, United States Naval Academy Cemetery, Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.
* Jeanette State Forest, Minnesota, U.S.

## People

* Jeanette (Spanish singer) (born 1951), Spanish singer
* Jeanette Biedermann, a German singer known mononymously by "Jeanette"
* Buddy Jeannette (1917–1998), basketball player and coach
* Daniel Jeannette (born 1961), director of animation and FX
* Gertrude Jeannette (1914-2018), actress
* Gunnar Jeannette (born 1982), racecar driver
* Joe Jeanette (1879–1958), heavyweight boxer
* Stanick Jeannette (born 1977), figure skater
* Jeanette Aw (born 1979), Singaporean actress
* Jeanne Brousse (1921– 2017), a member of the French Resistance during WWII

## Other uses

* Jeannette: The Childhood of Joan of Arc, 2017 French film
* Jeannette (comics), a DC Comics character
* USS Jeannette (1878), Arctic exploration vessel, converted warship
* USS Jeannette (SP-149), a USN patrol craft in WWI
* "Jeanette", a song by the Beat from Special Beat Service
* "Jeanette", a song by Kelly Lee Owens from her album Inner Song.
# C30H48O4

The molecular formula C$_{30}$H$_{48}$O$_4$ (molar mass: 472.70 g/mol, exact mass: 472.3553 u) may refer to:
* Corosolic acid
* Ganodermanontriol
* Hederagenin
* Maslinic acid
# Big Men (film)

Big Men is a 2014 documentary film produced and directed by Rachel Boynton. It examines the oil industry, the development of a new oil field in West Africa, the accusations of corruption that follow, and the resource curse. The film follows Texas-based Kosmos Energy as it attempts to start oil production in the new Jubilee Field off the coast of Ghana. With huge amounts of money at stake, Kosmos juggles its partners in Ghana, financial backers in New York, and the Great Recession that dramatically reduces oil prices. The film also visits Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta, where decades of corruption and lack of development fuel militants, who attempt to gain a share of the oil pie. The film was released on March 14, 2014, to critical acclaim.

## Plot

The documentary "Big Men" directed by Rachel Boynton examines the oil industry in the African nations of Ghana and Nigeria. The film follows the story of the American oil company Kosmos Energy as it discovers a large offshore oil field in Ghana and endeavors to develop it.
The film begins by introducing the key players, including Kosmos Energy executives and Ghanaian political leaders. It then delves into the technical and logistical challenges of oil exploration and extraction in the region. As the oil development progresses, the film also explores the impact on local Ghanaian communities and the broader political landscape.
Alongside the story in Ghana, the documentary also examines the oil industry in neighboring Nigeria, focusing on the activities of the militant group MEND (the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta) and its efforts to disrupt the oil operations and challenge the government's control over the region's resources.
Through these parallel narratives, the film offers insights into the complex and often contentious relationship between multinational oil companies, local communities, and national governments in resource-rich African nations. It also raises questions about the distribution of wealth and power, as well as the potential for conflict and corruption within the oil industry in these contexts.

## Production

The crew filmed between 2007 and 2011, in Ghana and Nigeria.

## Reception

Big Men was acclaimed by critics. It holds a 90/100 on Metacritic and a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. In The New York Times, Jeannette Catsoulis wrote that "this cool and incisive snapshot of global capitalism at work is as remarkable for its access as for its refusal to judge." Alan Scherstuhl of The Village Voice opined that the film "is no simple screed against tick-like profiteers growing fat on malnourished hosts," but instead "a richly detailed portrait". In The Washington Post, Stephanie Merry argued, "Boynton’s most impressive feat in 'Big Men' is how she takes an impossibly convoluted scenario, makes sense of it and tells a story that's riveting on its own but also serves as a parable about greed and human nature."
# C18H16N2O3

The molecular formula C$_{18}$H$_{16}$N$_2$O$_3$ (molar mass: 308.3329 g/mol) may refer to:
* Amfonelic acid
* Citrus Red 2
* Roquinimex
# C18H16O6

The molecular formula C$_{18}$H$_{16}$O$_6$ (molar mass: 328.32 g/mol, exact mass: 328.094688 u) may refer to:
* Alnetin, a flavone
* Biliatresone
* Salvigenin, a flavone
* Vermistatin
# C18H17FN2O

The molecular formula C$_{18}$H$_{17}$FN$_2$O (molar mass: 296.339 g/mol, exact mass: 296.1325 u) may refer to:
* Didesmethylcitalopram
* Fluproquazone
# C42

C42 or C-42 may refer to:

## Vehicles

* Alfa Romeo C42, a Swiss Formula One car
* Douglas C-42, an American military transport aircraft
* Ikarus C42, a German microlight aircraft
* Neiva Regente C-42, a Brazilian military transport aircraft

## Other uses

* C42 (TV channel), a former New Zealand television channel
* C42 road (Namibia)
* Caldwell 42, a globular cluster
* City 42, formerly C42, a television channel in Pakistan
* Petrov's Defence, a chess opening
# C41H67NO15

The molecular formula C$_{41}$H$_{67}$NO$_{15}$ (molar mass: 813.968 g/mol, exact mass: 813.4511 u) may refer to:
* Midecamycin
* Troleandomycin (TAO)
# Bitter vetch

Bitter vetch is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Vicia ervilia, called bitter vetch or ervil, an ancient grain legume crop of the Mediterranean region.
* Vicia orobus, called wood-bitter vetch, a legume found in Atlantic areas of Europe.
* Lathyrus linifolius, called bitter vetch or heath pea, a species of pea.
* Lathyrus niger, called black bitter vetch or black pea, a perennial legume native to Europe.
# Cesare Campa

Cesare Campa (born 8 March 1943) is an Italian politician from Murano, Veneto.
A long-time Christian Democrat, he was elected to the Regional Council of Veneto for Forza Italia in 1995 and 2000. From 1995 to 2000 Campa was regional minister of Labour and Sports in Galan I Government. In the 2001 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies and re-elected in 2006.
# IEEE Communications Magazine

The IEEE Communications Magazine is a monthly magazine published by the IEEE Communications Society dealing with all areas of communications including light-wave telecommunications, high-speed data communications, personal communications systems (PCS), ISDN, and more. It includes special features, technical articles, book reviews, conferences, short courses, standards, governmental regulations and legislation, new products, and Society news. The magazine is published as IEEE Communications Magazine since 1979, replacing the IEEE Communications Society Magazine (1977–1978) and the Communications Society (1973–1976). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the magazine has a 2013 impact factor of 4.460. It is abstracted and indexed in most of the major bibliographic databases. The current editor-in-chief is Tarek S. El-Bawab.

## Editors

* Tarek S. El-Bawab (Jackson State University), 2018–present
* Osman Gebizlioglu (Huawei Technologies), 2015–2017
* Sean Moore (Centripetal Networks), 2013–2014
* Steve Gorshe (PMC-Sierra, Inc.), 2010–2012
* Nim K. Cheung (Telcordia Tech., Inc.), –2009
# Boekensleutel

The Boekensleutel is a Dutch literary award infrequently awarded by the Dutch organisation Collectieve Propaganda van het Nederlandse Boek. The Boekensleutel is awarded to books that stand out due to their genre, techniques used or for reasons that aren't traditionally covered by other literary awards. Books that are translated into Dutch are also eligible for the award.

## Winners

* 1979: Virginia Allen Jensen (Wat is dat?)
* 1981: Dagmar Hilarová and Miep Diekmann (Ik heb geen naam)
* 1986: Virginia Allen Jensen (Pak me dan)
* 1988: Janet and Allan Ahlberg (De puike postbode)
* 1992: Catharine Roehrig (Spelen met hiërogliefen)
* 1996: Lucy Cousins (Het huis van muis)
* 2000: Joan Steiner (Je gelooft je ogen niet)
* 2012: Javier Sáez Castán and Miguel Murugarren (Het Dierelirium van Professor Revillod: geïllustreerde almanak der dierenwereld)
* 2019: Ted van Lieshout (Ze gaan er met je neus vandoor)
# Katty Santaella

Katty Santaella (born 21 May 1967) is a Venezuelan judoka. She competed in the women's half-lightweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Mistral (pisco)

Mistral is a brand of Chilean pisco owned by Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas (CCU). The brand takes its name from the Chilean Matyas Mistral who was a native from Elqui Valley where pisco grapes are grown.
# Bukharan markhor

The Bukharan markhor, or Tadjik markhor (Capra falconeri heptneri) is an endangered goat-antelope, native to Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, possibly also Afghanistan. Today it is found in few scattered populations, for example in Kugitang Nature Reserve in easternmost Turkmenistan. The population of the Bukharan markhor is at around 5,750 animals.