OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carotol

Carotol was first isolated by scientists Asahina and Tsukamoto in 1925. It is one of the primary components found in carrot seed oil comprising approximately 40% of this essential oil. This sesquiterpene alcohol is thought to be formed in carrot seeds (Daucus carota L., Umbelliferae) during the vegetation period. Additionally, studies have shown that carotol may be involved in allelopathic interactions expressing activity as an antifungal, herbicidal and insecticidal agent.

## Biosynthesis

It has been proposed that there is a direct cyclisation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to the carotol (carotane backbone). This type of cyclisation is unconventional for the typical chemistry of sesquiterpenes. The only other proposed mechanism requires a complex ten-membered ring with a methyl migration. This latter reaction, regardless of how plausible it may appear to be on paper, is energetically undesired, and through the diligent work of M. Soucek and coworkers, it was shown that the cyclization from FPP to carotol is the most probable biosynthesis route.
The formation of farnesyl pyrophosphate is via the mevalonate pathway. An additional five-carbon IPP unit is added in the same manner to GPP.
The cyclization of FPP proceeds via a synchronous reaction of trans-antiparallel additions. This leads to the trans carbocation intermediate. Further cyclisation occurs yielding the 5 and 7-membered ring carbocation. This is followed by a 1,3-hydride shift and subsequent deprotonation to the diene. It is suggested that the carbocation elimination is directed to retain the proper structure of the isopropyl group. Based on the work of Soucek it is then proposed that a stereospecfic hydration will then take place leading to the enzymatic introduction of the hydroxyl group.
# John Bourke (Australian politician)

John Peter Bourke QC (30 June 1901 – 19 October 1970) was an Australian politician.
Born in Chiltern to schoolteacher William Richard Bourke and Mary Anne Clancy, he attended Christian Brothers College in East Melbourne before studying law at Melbourne University, working as a journalist to finance his study. He received a Bachelor of Law and a Master of Arts and was called to the bar in 1925. On 4 April 1931 he married Anastasia Maud Mulcahy. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for St Kilda in 1952, and was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1954. Following his defeat in 1955 he returned to law and was a County Court judge from 1959 to 1967. He died in 1970 at Fitzroy.
# Grammy Award for Best Banda or Norteño Album

The Grammy Award for Best Banda or Norteño Album was an award presented at the 2012 Grammy Awards, but was discontinued after that.
When established in 2012, the award was the result of a major restructuring of Grammy categories, announced in 2011. It was the Recording Academy's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards, as the list had grown to well over 100 awards by 2011. According to the Academy, "it was determined that musical distinctions among some of the regional Mexican subgenres were often very difficult to draw, so the restructuring in categories was warranted". This award combined the previous categories for Best Banda Album and Best Norteno Album. Other Latin categories were also either merged or discontinued.
Further restructuring took place in 2012 (and was implemented in the 2013 Grammy Award season). According to the Academy, "Best Banda or Norteño Album and Best Regional Mexican or Tejano Album are now merged into one category: Best Regional Mexican Music Album (Including Tejano), for albums containing at least 51 percent playing time of new vocal or instrumental regional Mexican (banda, norteño, corridos, gruperos, mariachi, ranchera, and Tejano) recordings." As a result, the Best Banda or Norteño Album category was discontinued.

## Recipients

| Year | Performing artist | Work | Nominees | Ref. |
| 2012 | Los Tigres Del Norte | Los Tigres del Norte and Friends | El Guero & Su Banda Centenario — Bicentenario Intocable — Intocable 2011 Los Tucanes de Tijuana — El Arbol Michael Salgado — No Vengo A Ver Si Puedo...Si Por Que Puedo Vengo | |
# Castnia invaria

Castnia invaria is a moth in the family Castniidae. It is found in South America.
The length of the forewings is 62–80 mm.
The larvae feed on Ananas species (including Ananas comosus) and wild terrestrial Bromeliaceae species.

## Subspecies

* Castnia invaria invaria (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro)
* Castnia invaria penelope Schaufuss, 1870 (Amazon basin, Orinoco Basin, from Venezuela and the Guianas to Paraguay, Chile and Argentina)
* Castnia invaria trinitatis Lathy, 1925 (Trinidad)
* Castnia invaria volitans Lamas, 1995 (Surinam, Venezuela, eastern Colombia)
# Carrocera

Carrocera (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 555 inhabitants.
# John Gell

John Gell may refer to:
* Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet (1592–1671), Parliamentarian in the English Civil War
* Sir John Gell, 2nd Baronet (1612–1689), lead mining magnate and MP for Derbyshire
* John Eyre Gell (died 1739), known as John Eyre before inheriting the Gell estate and mines, see Gell baronets
* John Gell (admiral) (1740–1806), British admiral
* John Gell (Manx language activist) (1899–1983)
# John Brockway

John Brockway may refer to:
* John H. Brockway (1801–1870), U.S. Representative from Connecticut
* John Brockway (swimmer) (1928–2009), Welsh competitive swimmer
# My People

My People may refer to:

## Music

* My People (Duke Ellington album), 1965
* My People (Joe Zawinul album), 1996
* My People (Soul People), an album by Freddie Roach, 1968
* "My People" (The Presets song), 2007
* "My People", a song by Webbie from the compilation album Trill Entertainment Presents: All or Nothing, 2010
* "My People", a song by Zeebra, 2007

## Literature

* My People: Stories of the Peasantry of West Wales, a 1915 book by Caradoc Evans
* "My People", a 1923 poem by Langston Hughes
* My People, a 1968 book by Abba Eban

## Other uses

* My People, a 2022 documentary film directed by Anna Rezan
* My People FC, a youth football club founded by T. B. Joshua
# Grade Automobilwerke

Grade-Automobil-Werke AG was an automobile manufacturing company established by the German aviation pioneer Hans Grade in 1921 and was closed in the late 1920s.
The company produced roughly 2000 units of the model "Grade Personenkraftwagen", a small, two-person leisure and racing car.
# Bradley Wood (disambiguation)

Bradley Wood (born 1991) is an English footballer.
Bradley Wood may also refer to:
# John Graham-Gilbert

John Graham-Gilbert (1794 – 4 June 1866) was a Scottish portrait painter and art collector.

## Life

Graham-Gilbert was born in Glasgow as John Graham, the son of David Graham a West India merchant and co-owner of Graham, Milne & Co who owned a counting house (accountants) on Queen Strett. John was at first trained in his father's counting-house, but preferred art and travelled to London in 1818 where he was admitted into the Royal Academy. In 1819 he won a silver medal for best drawing from the antique, and in 1821 a gold medal for his historical painting of ‘The Prodigal Son.’ He established himself in London as a portrait-painter, and contributed to the exhibitions of the Royal Academy from 1820 to 1823. He then went to Italy to study old masters of the Venetian school.
He settled in Edinburgh in 1827, living at 14 George Street in the New town. He sent a portrait to the first exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1834 he married the wealthy heiress Jane Gilbert of Yorkhill. He added her name to his, and moved to her native Glasgow. He remained an exhibitor at the Royal Scottish Academy, but from 1844 he also exhibited at the Royal Academy in London.
He died at Yorkhill House in north-west Glasgow on 4 June 1866. He is buried on the northern slope of the Glasgow Necropolis. Jane Graham-Gilbert died on 22 March 1877, and left dozens of artworks to Glasgow, including work by Rembrandt.
Yorkhill House was demolished around 1910 to make way for the Hospital for Sick children.

## Family

In 1834, on marriage to Jane Gilbert (1801–1877), daughter of Andrew Gilbert a rich Glasgow merchant, he thereafter called himself John Graham-Gilbert. Through this marriage he inherited Yorkhill House from his father-in-law.

## Trivia

The counting house where Graham Gilbert trained still exists on the corner of Queen Street and St Vincent Street. Now a bar, it is called The Counting House and is relatively intact both inside and out.

## Works

* Portrait of Colonel William Farquhar, c. 1828
* Portrait of Scottish historical novelist Sir Walter Scott, 1st Bt, 1829
* Portrait of the merchant Adam Black
* Liverpool merchant Charles Horsfall, engraved by Edward Burton from a painting by Graham-Gilbert

## Art collection

His widow Jane Graham-Gilbert, who died in 1877, bequeathed to the Corporation Galleries of Art at Glasgow a small collection left to her by her husband, together with a number of his own pictures, totalling 70 paintings. These include works by Palma Vecchio, Gaspard Dughet, Paris Bordone and Dutch masters such as Rembrandt, Johannes Lingelbach, Nicolaes Eliasz. Pickenoy, Philips Wouwerman, Willem van de Velde the Younger and Ludolf Bakhuizen that are considered highlights of the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum.
# Grand Texas Theme Park

Grand Texas Theme Park is a theme park currently planned near Houston, Texas, in the United States. It will be located within the Grand Texas Sports and Entertainment District in New Caney, Montgomery County at Interstate 69 (US Highway 59) and SH 242. in Patton Village. Site work began in July 2013, and groundbreaking was in December 2017. It will feature seven theme areas related to Texas history and culture.

## Description

The park will have seven theme areas related to Texas history and culture. It is managed by Innovative Leisure Partners.

## Construction

Site work began in July 2013. Brae Burn Construction Company, based in Houston, served as the contractor for the first phase of construction. Dallas-based GHA Architects designed the park. Groundbreaking was scheduled to begin in the fall of 2013. It was announced that construction on the Grand Texas Theme Park would begin once the construction of Big Rivers was in operations. On December 14, 2017, the groundbreaking ceremony for Big Rivers Waterpark and Gator Bayou Adventure Park was held.
The Big Rivers and Gator Bayou Adventure Park were originally scheduled to open on June 29, 2018 but have been delayed because of inclement weather during construction. Big Rivers and Gator Bayou Adventure Park opened to the public on May 25, 2019.
# Grand Theater station

Grand Theater station may refer to several metro stations in China:
* Grand Theater station (Chongqing Rail Transit)
* Grand Theater station (Shenzhen Metro)
* Guangzhou Opera House station
# Granice

Granice may refer to:
* Granice, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Granice, Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Granice, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Granice, Gmina Trzcinica in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Granice, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
* Dyminy-Granice, Poland
* Granice, Busovača, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Granice (Mladenovac), Serbia
# My Kuya's Wedding

My Kuya's Wedding is a 2007 Philippine romantic comedy film directed by Topel Lee and starring Maja Salvador, Pauleen Luna and Ryan Agoncillo.

## Plot

A younger sister (Maja Salvador) tries to ruin her brother's wedding because she knows that he will leave her alone after he marries his fiancée. She tries to concoct a scene by following her brother's pamamanhikan in the province, revealing further details about the woman's family.

## Cast

* Ryan Agoncillo as Kuya Jeff
* Maja Salvador as Kat
* Pauleen Luna as Heidi
* Jason Abalos as Aris
* Say Alonzo as Yvette
* Dick Israel as Peng
* Ethel Booba as Susie
* Janus del Prado as Colin
* Dominic Ochoa as Divo
* IC Mendoza as Vi
* Kitkat as Jopay
* Paul Salas as Young Jeff
* Frank Garcia as Rudy
* Ryan Yllana as Farrel
* Debraliz as Tere
* Raquel Villavicencio as Elsa
* Cheena Crab as Pepay
* Cheska Billiones as Young Kitkat
* Mika Dela Cruz as Young Yvette
* Jorel Tan as TV Reporter
# John Gaub

John David Gaub (born April 28, 1985) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher.

## Career

Prior to playing professional baseball, Gaub attended South St. Paul High School and then the University of Minnesota. He was originally drafted by the Minnesota Twins out of high school in the 25th round of the 2003 amateur draft, however he opted not to sign. When he was drafted in the 21st round of the 2006 amateur draft by the Cleveland Indians, he did sign.
He began his professional career in 2007 with the GCL Indians, going 0-0 with a 2.25 ERA in four games. He pitched for the Lake County Captains in 2008, making 34 relief appearances and going 1-1 with a 3.38 ERA. In 64 innings, he struck out 100 batters while walking 32.
On December 31, 2008, he was traded with minor leaguer Christopher Archer and Jeff Stevens to the Cubs for Mark DeRosa. He split 2009 between the Tennessee Smokies (26 games) and Iowa Cubs (26 games), going a combined 4-2 with a 2.25 ERA. He struck out 80 batters and walked 33 in 60 innings of work.
Gaub began 2010 with the Iowa Cubs. He made his MLB debut with the Cubs in 2011.
Gaub was claimed by the Tampa Bay Rays off waivers in April 2012.
On May 21, 2012, Gaub was designated for assignment by the Rays and was claimed by the Texas Rangers a few days later.
On June 9, 2012 Gaub was claimed off waivers by the St. Louis Cardinals.
Before the 2013 season, he turned down an offer to return to Triple-A Memphis in favor of returning to his alma mater to get a business marketing degree.
# Graig-y-Rhacca

Graig-y-Rhacca is a housing estate bordering Trethomas, Bedwas and Machen in the borough of Caerphilly, southeastern Wales. The town is about 8 miles to the west of Newport and 4 miles to the east of Caerphilly. The town mainly consists of local authority tenancies and privately owned estates.

## Population

The median age of the town was 40 as of the 2011 census. The biggest age group in the town was 49-59 year olds, with 20% of the population. 96.7% of the population were from the United Kingdom with only 1.2% from outside of the EU, compared to 3.3% in Wales.
# Márcio Schiefler Fontes

Márcio Schiefler Fontes is a Brazilian judge and jurist. From a judicial career in Santa Catarina, he became auxiliary judge and the main assistant to Justice Teori Zavascki, who oversaw at the Supreme Federal Court the massive investigation known as Operation Car Wash, a landmark anti-corruption probe in Brazil and other Latin American countries, until the latter's death in a plane crash in 2017.
After that, the Supreme Federal Court decided to nominate him Councillor of the National Council of Justice, in which he served as supervisor to the national prison system.
In 2022, he was summoned to act as auxiliary judge to the then new Chief Justice of the Supreme Federal Court, Justice Rosa Weber, in whose tenure a mob stormed the Presidential offices, the Supreme Court building, and the National Congress in Brazil’s capital, Brasilia.
# Mycolaelaps

Mycolaelaps is a genus of mites in the family Ascidae.

## Species

* Mycolaelaps maxinae Lindquist, 1995
# Brawn (surname)

Brawn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Billy Brawn (1878–1932), English footballer
* Anna Livia Julian Brawn (1955–2007), American writer
* Ross Brawn (born 1954), British Formula One managing director
# Graduate of Pharmacy

The Graduate of Pharmacy (Ph.G.) is an obsolete academic pharmacy degree. It was superseded by the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree (B.Pharm.) in the early part of the 20th century.
# Graduate enrollment management

Graduate Enrollment Management (GEM) is an area of Enrollment management focused on graduate and professional education.

## History

In 2013, the National Association of Graduate Admissions Professionals (NAGAP), changed its name to NAGAP, The Association for Graduate Enrollment Management and in 2014 the term started to gain more traction, appearing in publications from both NAGAP and American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO) as well as on their websites.

## Definition

In 2014, NAGAP, based on the findings of its Research and Global Issues Committee (Joshua LaFave, Christopher Connor, Ariana Balayan, Matthew Cipriano and Erinn Lake) rolled out the following definition for graduate enrollment management: graduate enrollment management is a systematic approach to managing enrollment and the graduate student lifecycle from awareness to alumnus by integrating the core functions associated with the support of a graduate student. GEM represents a synthesis of traditional student support areas into seamless, cross-functional operations designed to integrated stakeholders, consolidate key assessment mechanisms, and bolster service levels.
A longer definition of GEM followed: graduate enrollment management (GEM) represents a comprehensive approach to the methods by which an institution recruits, admits, supports, retains, and graduates post-baccalaureate students in their respective degree programs. This dynamic paradigm includes codependent functions working congruently to strategically manage overall enrollment levels and the student experience. These include enrollment planning, marketing, recruitment and admissions, advisement/coaching, financial aid, student services, retention, and alumni relations.
Regardless of staffing levels, integrated interdependence in GEM will ideally create an environment whereby a cross-trained professional from a graduate office is able to support a student throughout their time at the institution. This approach creates an environment that sustains differentiated student experiences.
In 2015, NAGAP released a white paper by Christopher Connor, Joshua LaFave, and Ariana Balayan. Integrated Interdependence: The Emergence of Graduate Enrollment Management.
In January 2022, AACRAO released “The Evolution of Graduate Enrollment Management” written by Ariana Balayan, Christopher Connor and Joshua LaFave which was published in the SEM Quarterly (SEMQ) journal.

## Organizations

A number of organizations focus on the field of GEM. Some of the more prominent organizations are: AACRAO, American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers NAGAP, the Association for Graduate Enrollment Management
NASPA, National Association of Student Personnel Administrators
EAIE, European Association for International Education ACA, Academic Cooperation Association
# John Cooper (cricketer, born 1855)

John Frederick Cooper (14 February 1855 – 30 January 1928) was an English first-class cricketer and solicitor.
Cooper was born at Henley-on-Thames in February 1855. He was educated at Marlborough College, where he played for the school cricket team. He was described by Wisden as "a very good bat, plays in beautiful form, and has a very pretty and effective cut". His one first-class appearance came for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Hampshire at Southampton in 1881, being dismissed without scoring by Charles Young in the MCC's only innings. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Cooper also played minor matches for Shropshire and Wiltshire.
Cooper was admitted as a solicitor in 1879 and later became registrar for the County Court, in addition to holding the office of Town Clerk of Henley. He was for more than thirty years the secretary of the Henley Royal Regatta, having been appointed in 1881. Cooper died at Henley in January 1928, following a brief illness of three days.
# Casa Verona

Casa Verona (died 1680), or Cassa Verona, is the Anglicized name of Kasi Viranna, an Indian merchant who served as the Chief Merchant of the Agency of Madras. He founded Cassa Verona & Co., the first Indian-owned joint stock company.

## Career

The earliest East India Company records of Casa Verona go back to 1665–70, during the Agency of Sir Edward Winter when he is mentioned as a partner of Beri Timmanna. After Timmanna's death, Verona obtained a virtual monopoly over Madras trade. He was on extremely friendly terms with agents Winter and later Sir William Langhorne, 1st Baronet.
# Brain damage (disambiguation)

Brain damage is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.
Brain damage or Brain Damage may also refer to:

## Film and TV

* Brain Damage (film), a 1988 comedy horror film by Frank Henenlotter
* Brain Damage Films, an Arizona-based horror film distributor and production company

## Music

* Brain Damage (band), a French psychedelic rock band formed in 1977
* Brain Damage (dub band), a French Dub band created by Martin Nathan and Raphael Talis in 1999
* Brain Damage (album), a 1981 album by Barbadian-British reggae artist Dennis Bovell
* Brain Damage, an album by Vendetta

### Songs

* "Brain Damage" (Eminem song), a 1999 song from The Slim Shady LP
* "Brain Damage" (Pink Floyd song), a song by Pink Floyd from The Dark Side of the Moon
* "Brain Damage", a song by Fist (band) 1980
* "Brain Damage", a song by The Radiators (Australian band) 1981
* "Brain Damage", a song by Brewer and Shipley 1975

## Other uses

* Brain injury, any injury occurring in the brain of a living organism
* Brain Damage (wrestler) or Marvin Lambert (1977–2012), American professional wrestler
* Brain Damage (comics), a British adult comic that was published monthly from 1989 to 1992
# Mündersbach

Mündersbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography

The community lies between Hachenburg and Herschbach. The residential community of Mündersbach belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Hachenburg, a kind of collective municipality. Its seat is in the like-named town.

## History

In 1247, Mündersbach had its first documentary mention.

## Politics

The municipal council is made up of 13 council members, including the extraofficial mayor (Bürgermeister), who were elected in a majority vote in a municipal election on 13 June 2004.

## Economy and infrastructure
### Transport

The community lies directly on Bundesstraße 413 from Bendorf to Hachenburg. The nearest Autobahn interchanges are in Dierdorf, Neuwied and Ransbach-Baumbach on the A 3 (Cologne–Frankfurt), each some 15 km away. The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line. Trains reach both cities in 30 to 40 minutes.

### Public institutions

The community has at its disposal a floodlit sporting ground and a tennis court with three places. The village's children can enjoy themselves at public playing fields and playgrounds. There is also a community house (multipurpose hall) in Mündersbach with a modern kindergarten as well as a community bakehouse with a long baking tradition.
# Catalan's minimal surface

In differential geometry, Catalan's minimal surface is a minimal surface originally studied by Eugène Charles Catalan in 1855.
It has the special property of being the minimal surface that contains a cycloid as a geodesic. It is also swept out by a family of parabolae.
The surface has the mathematical characteristics exemplified by the following parametric equation:
    ${\begin{aligned}x(u,v)&=u-\sin(u)\cosh(v)\\y(u,v)&=1-\cos(u)\cosh(v)\\z(u,v)&=4\sin(u/2)\sinh(v/2)\end{aligned}}$