OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hetzel (surname)

Hetzel is a German-language given name and surname. It may be a pet form of the given name Hermann . It may also be an occupational name for someone who provided wood or a nickname for a stubborn person. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amy Hetzel (born 1983), Australian water polo player
* Basil Hetzel (1922–2017), Australian medical researcher
* Eric Hetzel (born 1963), American baseball player
* Fred Hetzel (born 1942), American basketball player
* George Hetzel (1826–1899), American painter
* Patrick Hetzel (born 1964), French Member of Parliament
* Phyllis Hetzel (1918–2011), British civil servant
* Pierre-Jules Hetzel (1814–1886), French editor and publisher
* Ralph D. Hetzel (1882–1947), American academic and educator
* William C. Hetzel, technology expert
# The Leader (English newspaper)

The Leader was a radical weekly newspaper, published in London from 1850 to 1860 at a price of 6d.

## Founders

George Henry Lewes and Thornton Leigh Hunt founded The Leader in 1850. They had financial backing from Edmund Larken, who was an unconventional clergyman looking for a vehicle for "Christian liberal" views. Others involved were George Dawson and Richard Congreve. After a year Larken and Holyoake took over the rest of the shares.

## Contributors

Lewes contributed theatre criticism under the pseudonym 'Vivian'. Later editors appear to have included Edward Frederick Smyth Pigott (proprietor from the end of 1851 to 1860) and Frederick Guest Tomlins. Contributors included Thomas Spencer Baynes, Wilkie Collins, George Eliot, Andrew Halliday, the future theatre manager John Hollingshead (1827–1904), the future politician James Mackenzie Maclean (1835–1906), the future anthropologist John McLennan, Gerald Massey, the art critic Henry Merritt (1822–1877), Edmund Ollier (1826–1886), Herbert Spencer, and the political journalist Edward Michael Whitty (1827–1860). The paper carried correspondence from William Edward Forster (proposing state farms and workshops) and Barbara Bodichon (on prostitution).
# Nuclear magnetic resonance logging

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging is a type of well logging that uses the NMR response of a formation to directly determine its porosity and permeability, providing a continuous record along the length of the borehole.

## Background

NMR logging exploits the large magnetic moment of hydrogen, which is abundant in rocks in the form of water. The NMR signal amplitude is proportional to the quantity of hydrogen nuclei present in a formation and can be calibrated to give a value for porosity that is free from lithology effects. Uniquely, a petrophysicist can also analyse the rate of decay of the NMR signal amplitude to obtain information on the permeability of the formation - a crucial quantity in hydrocarbon exploration.

## Relationship of NMR signal to pore size

The most important mechanism affecting NMR relaxation is grain-surface relaxation. Molecules in fluids are in constant Brownian motion, diffusing about the pore space and bouncing off the grain surfaces. Upon interaction with the grain surface, hydrogen protons can transfer some nuclear spin energy to the grain (contributing to T1 relaxation) or irreversibley dephase (contributing to T2 relaxation). Therefore the speed of relaxation most significantly depends on how often the hydrogen nuclei collide with the grain surface and this is controlled by the surface-to-volume ratio of the pore in which the nuclei are located. Collisions are less frequent in larger pores, resulting in a slower decay of the NMR signal amplitude and allowing a petrophysicist to understand the distribution of pore sizes.
# Hequembourg House

The Hequembourg House was a historic home in Miami Springs, Florida. It was located at 851 Hunting Lodge Drive. The pueblo-style structure was constructed in 1926 by architects Curtiss & Bright. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1985. The building was significantly damaged by Hurricane Wilma in 2005, declared unsafe, and was subsequently demolished on October 1, 2010. It was removed from the Register in January 2011.
# Robert Hillenbrand

Robert Hillenbrand FBA (born 2 August 1941) is a British art historian who specialises in Persian and Islamic art. He is a professorial fellow of the universities of Edinburgh and St Andrews. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge for 2008–09. He gave the 2010 Aspects of Art Lecture.
In 2018 during the conference of the Association of Iranian Studies at the University of California, Irvine, the Lifetime Achievement Award was awarded Hillenbrand. In the same year he appeared in the documentary film Taq Kasra: Wonder of Architecture as a scholar of Sassanid Persia.

## Selected publications

* Imperial Images in Persian Painting
* Art and Archaeology of Ancient Persia (co-editor)
* Islamic Architecture in North Africa (co-author)
* Islamic Art and Architecture
* The Architecture of Ottoman Jerusalem: An Introduction
* Studies in Medieval Islamic Art and Architecture (2 vols.)
* Islamic Architecture. Form, Function and Meaning (translated into Persian in 1998)

## Curated Exhibition

* Imperial images of Persian painting : a Scottish Arts Council exhibition (1977)
# John Phillip Harison Acocks

John Phillip Harison Acocks (7 April 1911 – 20 May 1979) was a South African botanist noted for his publication "Veld Types of South Africa" and his extensive botanical collection of some 28 000 specimens from South Africa and Namibia. In 1938, he was seconded to go on a joint collecting trip of four months with Swedish botanist Adolf Hjalmar Frederick Hafström between Cape Town and Victoria Falls.

## Early life and education

He was born in Cape Town to John Martin Acocks and Sarah Phoebe Petty. Matriculated from the South African College Schools (SACS) and attended the University of Cape Town between 1929 and 1935 obtaining a B.A. and M.Sc. He studied under Robert Stephen Adamson (1885–1965) and Margaret Levyns (1890–1975).

## Career

His first appointment was in January 1936 as pasture ecologist at the Pasture Research Section, part of the Division of Plant Industry. He set out to do botanical surveys of new pasture research stations. In 1945, he was transferred to Estcourt to the Botanical Survey Section of the Division of Botany and Plant Pathology which later became the Botanical Research Institute. From 1948, he was permanently posted at the Grootfontein College of Agriculture in Middelburg.
Acocks contributed greatly to South African botany in three distinct areas. Firstly, his treatment of the vegetation regions (Veld Types) of South Africa, in which he classifies vegetation into 75 classes, continues to be a valuable reference work for researchers and is an outstanding achievement for a single individual. Secondly, his analysis of the impact of humans on vegetation has largely been revised by current research insights, specifically with regard to the effect of fire on grasslands, savannas and forests. There is, though, ample evidence showing considerable changes in Karoo fauna and flora over the last three centuries. Finally, his pioneering views on veld rehabilitation and management remain important guidelines for the farming communities of South Africa.
He was President of Section C of the SA Assoc. for the Advancement of Science in 1963, and awarded the Senior Capt. Scott Medal by the SA Biol. Soc. in 1977.
Acocks worked on a revised version of the Veld Types, which he completed shortly before his death, and which is lodged in the archives of the National Botanical Institute (NBG). His second book, Key Grasses of South Africa, was published in 1990.

## Legacy

Acocks is commemorated by many specific names including Cliffortia acocksii H.Weim., Erica acocksii Compton, Restio acocksii Pillans and Diospyros acocksii De Wint. His specimens are housed at BM, BOL, Cedara College of Agriculture, Dohne Agricultural Development Institute, GRA, Grootfontein Agricultural College, K, KMG, M, MO, NH, NU, P, PRE, PREM, S, STE(NBG), Toowoomba Agricultural Development Centre.
# John Clayton (Roundhead)

John Clayton (born c. 1620) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1659 and 1660. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.
Clayton was the son of John Clayton, of Okenshaw, Yorkshire and his wife Elizabeth Fitzwilliam, daughter of Gerard Fitzwilliam of Bentley. His father was a barrister and recorde of Leeds. He was admitted at Clare College, Cambridge on 18 June 1638 and matriculated in 1639. He was admitted at Inner Temple in 1639 and was called to the bar in 1648. In 1643, he was a captain of foot in the Parliamentary army and took the colours of Sir William Savile in the capture of Leeds. He fought in the defence of Hull and became major before 1650.
In 1659, Clayton was elected Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel in the Third Protectorate Parliament. In 1660, he was elected MP for Lostwithiel in the Convention Parliament. There was a double return which was resolved in his favour in June. He was imprisoned for four months in 1662 on a charge of treasonable words. The last evidence of him is in 1694 when he complained to the benchers of his Inn about his chambers, which had been sublet to a "blackamoor".
Clayton was unmarried and over 50 on the death of his father in 1671 and had to marry within three years to inherit. He married Thomasine Goodwin, widow of Deane Goodwin of Bletchingley and daughter of Sir Samuel Owfield of Upper Gatton Surrey.
# Naglo D.II

The Naglo D.II was a German single seat quadruplane fighter, flown late in World War I. It took part in one of the fighter competitions but did not reach production.

## Design and development

The D.II was the only fighter built by Naglo but it was designed by Ing. Gnädig, who at the time was an employee of Albatros Flugzeugwerke and it partly reflected their practice. It was, though, one of the few quadruplanes of World War I. The three upper wings were all similar, having constant chord, squared tips, no sweep and the same span. The lowest of these was attached to the lower fuselage, the middle one to the upper fuselage with a cutout for downward vision. Inboard N-form interplane struts held the upper plane high over the fuselage in place of a cabane. Outboard there was one more N-interplane strut between each wing, four in all. Ailerons were fitted on all three upper wings. The fourth wing, lowest of all, was quite different, much shorter in span. It was mounted independently of the other three, fixed to a dorsal keel extension and braced on each side with a V-strut from about mid-span to the root of the wing above. When the aircraft was parked, the wing was close to the ground and not far behind the undercarriage wheels.
The D.II was powered by a 160 hp (120 kW) Mercedes six-cylinder water-cooled engine, driving a two-blade propeller with a large, domed spinner which was blended into the round, converging contours of the fuselage. The engine's cylinder heads and exhausts were exposed above the fuselage, which overall appeared similar to that of the Albatros D.V and may have been based upon it. The D.II had a fixed, single axle conventional undercarriage, the axle fixed to the lower fuselage with a pair of V-struts, and with a tailskid at the rear.
The first flight occurred before 24 May 1918 when the D.II was type tested. It took part in the second D-type contest at Adlershof in mid-1918 and received complimentary comments on its build quality. A need to improve flight characteristics was noted; Naglo was therefore asked to present the D.II for further tests after making modifications.

## Specifications

Data from Green and Swanborough
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Wingspan: 9.00 m (29 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 22.40 m$^2$ (241.1 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 724 kg (1,596 lb)
* Gross weight: 914 kg (2,015 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Mercedes D.III 6-cylinder in-line water-cooled piston engine, 120 kW (160 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden propeller
Armament
* 2×LMG 08/15 fixed machine guns
# Jerome Storm

Jerome Storm (November 11, 1890 – July 10, 1958) was an American film director, actor, and writer. He acted in 48 films between 1914 and 1941 and directed 47 films between 1918 and 1932. He was born in Denver, Colorado, and died in Desert Hot Springs, California.

## Selected filmography

* The Primal Lure (1916)
* Somewhere in France (1916)
* The Bride of Hate (1917)
* His Mother's Boy (1917)
* The Iced Bullet (1917)
* Keys of the Righteous (1918)
* The Family Skeleton (1918)
* The Biggest Show on Earth (1918)
* A Desert Wooing (1918)
* The Girl Dodger (1919)
* Greased Lightning (1919)
* The Busher (1919)
* Hay Foot, Straw Foot (1919)
* Bill Henry (1919)
* The Egg Crate Wallop (1919)
* Crooked Straight (1919)
* Red Hot Dollars (1919)
* Alarm Clock Andy (1920)
* Paris Green (1920)
* Homer Comes Home (1920)
* Arabian Love (1922)
* The Rosary (1922)
* Truxton King (1923)
* St. Elmo (1923)
* Madness of Youth (1923)
* Good-By Girls! (1923)
* The Siren of Seville (1924)
* The Goldfish (1924)
* Some Pun'kins (1925)
* Along Came Auntie (1926)
* Sweet Adeline (1926)
* Ladies at Ease (1927)
* The Swift Shadow (1927)
* Dog Law (1928)
* Law of Fear (1928)
* Dog Justice (1928)
* Fangs of the Wild (1928)
* Tracked (1928)
* Captain Careless (1928)
* Courtin' Wildcats (1929)
* The Racing Strain (1932)
* So This Is Africa (1933)
* Rainbow Ranch (1933)
* Diamond Trail (1933)
# Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard

Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoi Boulevard, or Nikulin's Circus, is located on Tsvetnoi Boulevard in the Tverskoy District of central Moscow. It was the only circus in the city between 1926 and 1971.

## History
### Salamonsky Circus

The circus was established by Albert Salamonsky [ru] descended from a family of Jewish circus riders. He constructed the circus building in Moscow on a place where usually travelling shows and vagarious artists performed at fairs. The very first performance was on October 12, 1880. Salamonsky was an innovative entrepreneur — he included non-circus artists like singers, choruses, folk ensembles, he staged shows with 35 riders in the ring and organized first Christmas shows for kids. Salamonsky also strived to make circus art be more accessible; he introduced cheaper rows and standees.
Upon his death in 1913, the popularity of the circus decreased.

### Soviet Circus

After the Russian revolution, in 1919 the circus was nationalized by the Soviet Government. The Bolsheviks saw the circus art as a very important tool of mass propaganda and tried to ‘revolutionize’ the repertoire. Only in the 1930s did the artists manage to separate the shows from propaganda. In 1945 Nikolay Baikalov was assigned to the director's post; his epoch in the Tsvetnoy became one of the most important parts of the circus's history.
The troupe was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1939.
Since the middle of the 20th century, the Soviet circus was well known around the world for its professionalism. In the USSR all circuses were subordinate to the SoyuzGosTsirk (Soviet State Circus) Department, and all the artists were officially hired as its employees.
Among the famous performers who worked there were clowns Karandash, Oleg Popov, Leonid Yengibarov and Yuri Nikulin, illusionist Emil Kio, performer Margarita Nazarova, the Durovs, Yuri Kuklachyov, etc.

### Nikulin's Circus

Yuri Nikulin, one of the most popular clowns in Russia and successful cinema actor, worked for the Tsvetnoy circus for 33 years. In 1981 he retired from performing and was assigned to the director's post. Nikulin managed the circus for fifteen years. During his office the company managed to survive through the crisis in the 1990s, when the country faced a political and economical collapse. He 'cleaned' the repertoire from Soviet propaganda heritage and welcomed the spirit of new age into the shows.
# Con Alma (Ray Bryant album)

Con Alma is an album by pianist Ray Bryant released on Columbia Records in 1961.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Allmusic review stated: "Bryant is typically soulful, swinging and reasonably explorative on nine songs".

## Track listing

* "Con Alma" (Dizzy Gillespie) – 6:55
* "Milestones" (Miles Davis) – 4:10
* "'Round Midnight" (Thelonious Monk, Cootie Williams) – 3:51
* "Django" (John Lewis) – 5:38 Bonus track on CD reissue
* "Nuts and Bolts" (Ray Bryant) – 3:05
* "Cubano Chant" (Bryant) – 4:22
* "Ill Wind" (Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler) – 3:12
* "Autumn Leaves" (Joseph Kosma, Jacques Prévert, Johnny Mercer) – 5:22
* "C Jam Blues" (Duke Ellington) – 4:22
* Recorded at Columbia Records, 30th Street Studio, NYC, on November 25, 1960 (tracks 2 & 4), and January 26, 1961 (tracks 1, 3 & 5–9)

## Personnel

* Ray Bryant – piano
* Arthur Harper (tracks 2 & 4), Bill Lee (tracks 1, 3, 5 & 7–9) – bass
* Mickey Roker – drums (tracks 1–5 & 7–9)
# The Leader (Liverpool, New South Wales, newspaper)

The Leader was a weekly English language compact format newspaper published by R. Rowell in Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.

## History

First published on 15 August 1946. The Leader was published from 1946 - 1949. The Leader changed title to the Liverpool Leader ca. 1950 and was published until October 1977. The paper was circulated throughout Liverpool, Cabramatta, Canley Vale, Casula, Glenfield, Ingleburn, Leppington, Prestons, Austral, Hoxton Park, Green Valley, Bonny Rigg, Hammondville, Chipping Norton and Milperra.

## Digitisation

The paper has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia.
# Kent 4

Kent 4 was an English Rugby Union league that was the fourth tier for clubs in south-east London and Kent. Promoted teams went up to Kent 3 and there was no relegation. Initially created in 1987 the league ran for ten seasons before being cancelled at the end of the 1996–97 season. Kent 4 was brought back in 2000 but after just one season, the six team division folded for the second time and all teams were automatically promoted to Kent 3.

## Original teams

When league rugby began in 1987 this division contained the following teams:
* Darenth Valley
* East Peckham
* Edenbridge
* Footscray
* Lordswood
* Old Olavians
* Old Williamsonians
* University of Kent
* Whitstable

## Kent 4 Honours

Kent 4 Honours :
| Season | No of Teams | Champions | Runners–up | Relegated Teams |
| 1987–88 | 9 | Old Williamsonians | Old Olavians | No relegation |
| 1988–89 | 9 | Citizens | Darenth Valley | No relegation |
| 1989–90 | 11 | Orpington | Footscray | No relegation |
| 1990–91 | 11 | Bexley | Thames Polytechnic | No relegation |
| 1991–92 | 12 | Orpington | Whitstable | No relegation |
| 1992–93 | 6 | Lordswood | Darenth Valley | No relegation |
| 1993–94 | 6 | Old Olavians | Greenwich | No relegation |
| 1994–95 | 5 | Orpington | Footscray | No relegation |
| 1995–96 | 6 | Edenbridge | Canterbury Exiles | No relegation |
| 1996–97 | 5 | Darenth Valley | Greenwich | No relegation |
| 1997–98 | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 1998–99 | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 1999–00 | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition | No competition |
| 2000–01 | 6 | Vigo | Shooters Hill | No relegation |
| Green backgrounds are promotion places. |||||||||||

## Number of league titles

* Orpington (3)
* Bexley (1)
* Citizens (1)
* Darenth Valley (1)
* Edenbridge (1)
* Lordswood (1)
* Old Olavians (1)
* Old Williamsonians (1)
* Vigo (1)
# Chairman's Handicap (BRC)

The Chairman's Handicap is a Brisbane Racing Club Group 3 Australian Thoroughbred open quality handicap, over a distance of 2000 metres at Doomben Racecourse, Brisbane, Australia during the Queensland Winter Racing Carnival. Prizemoney is A$150,000.

## History

Top stayers in the race prep for Group 3 Premier's Cup at Doomben later in the carnival and the prestigious Brisbane Cup. The race was inaugurated in 1978 as the Brisbane Amateur Turf Club Handicap with Proficient victorious in a time of 2:05.6.

### Name

* 1978 - BATC Handicap
* 1979 - Haig Handicap
* 1980 - BATC Handicap
* 1981 - Haig Handicap
* 1982–1983 - XXXX Handicap
* 1984–1987 - Chairman’s Handicap
* 1988 - Carnival Handicap
* 1989–2007 - Chairman’s Handicap
* 2008 - Riverview Hotel Handicap
* 2009–2015 - Chairman’s Handicap
* 2016 - JRA Cup
* 2017 onwards - Chairman’s Handicap

### Grade

* 1978–1979 - Principal Race
* 1980–1994 - Listed Race
* 1995 onwards Group 3

### Distance

* 1978–1987 – 2020 metres
* 1988 – 2029 metres
* 1989–1999 – 2020 metres
* 2000 – 2040 metres
* 2001–2011 – 2020 metres
* 2012–2014 – 2000 metres
* 2015 – 2200 metres
* 2016 onwards - 2000 metres

### Venue

* 1978–2013 - Doomben Racecourse
* 2013 - Eagle Farm Racecourse
* 2014 - Doomben Racecourse
* 2015 - Gold Coast Racecourse
* 2016–2021 - Doomben Racecourse
* 2022 - Eagle Farm Racecourse

## Winners

* 2023 - Kalapour
* 2022 - Yonkers
* 2021 - Warning
* 2020 - Le Juge
* 2019 - Le Juge
* 2018 - Anton En Avant
* 2017 - Stampede
* 2016 - Real Love
* 2015 - Epingle
* 2014 - Pretty Pins
* 2013 - Quintessential
* 2012 - Hume
* 2011 - Humma
* 2010 - Crossthestart
* 2009 - Ballack
* 2008 - Fulmonti
* 2007 - Mandela
* 2006 - Art Success
* 2005 - Zingam
* 2004 - So Assertive
* 2003 - Another Warrior
* 2002 - Society Beau
* 2001 - Citi Habit
* 2000 - Kazakh Belle
* 1999 - Cronus
* 1998 - Yacquina Bay
* 1997 - Iron Horse
* 1996 - Juggler
* 1995 - Arborea
* 1994 - Salcantay
* 1993 - Silk Ali
* 1992 - Full Suit
* 1991 - Majestic Boy
* 1990 - Sir Nova
* 1989 - Miss Fleet
* 1988 - Miss Stephenson
* 1987 - Greatness
* 1986 - †Noble Son / Restoration
* 1985 - †Crawford / Bucking Rip
* 1984 - I Will
* 1983 - Lord Seaman
* 1982 - Astrolin
* 1981 - Pelican Point
* 1980 - Lowan Star
* 1979 - Brazen Gambler
* 1978 - Proficient
† Run in two divisions
# 1921 Texas Longhorns football team

The 1921 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1921 college football season. In their second year under head coach Berry Whitaker, the Longhorns compiled a 6–1–1 record, shut out six of eight opponents (including a scoreless tie with Texas A&M), and outscored all opponents by a collective total of 268 to 27. Before the upset by Vanderbilt, the 1921 squad was thought perhaps the best in Longhorns history.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 1 | St. Edwards* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | W 33–0 | |
| October 7 | Austin* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | W 60–0 | |
| October 15 | Howard Payne* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | W 21–0 | |
| October 22 | vs. Vanderbilt* | Fair ParkDallas, TX | L 0–20 | 15,000 |
| October 29 | Rice | Clark FieldAustin, TX (rivalry) | W 56–0 | |
| November 5 | Southwestern (TX)* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | W 44–0 | |
| November 11 | Mississippi A&M* | Clark FieldAustin, TX | W 54–7 | |
| November 24 | at Texas A&M | Kyle FieldCollege Station, TX (rivalry) | T 0–0 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Piotrów

Piotrów may refer to the following places:
* Piotrów, Piotrków County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Piotrów, Poddębice County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Piotrów, Kielce County in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Piotrów, Ostrowiec County in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Piotrów, Białobrzegi County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Piotrów, Sochaczew County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Piotrów, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Piotrów, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)