OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Congress on Fracture

International Congress on Fracture (ICF), or the International Conference on Fracture, is an international body for promoting worldwide cooperation among scientists and engineers concerned with the mechanics and mechanisms of fracture, fatigue and strength of solids.

## History

The idea for an International Congress on Fracture dates to 1961 and a meeting at MIT when an “Interim International Conference Committee” was established under the Chairmanship of Takeo Yokobori.
In November 1965, ICF1 was organised in Sendai, Japan. In April 1969, at ICF2 in Brighton, England, ICF was formally founded with statutes and by-laws, a Council and Executive. Thereafter ICF organised a major conference every four years. ICF also organised “interquadrennial” conferences, the first of which was in Beijing, China in November 1983. ICF established national organisations in their member nations, one of the first being the “Australasian Fracture Group” in 1971.
ICF became more than a conference organiser and rather a society for the broad field of structural integrity, fracture, fatigue, creep, corrosion and reliability – from biological to geophysical materials: metals, alloys, ceramics, composites, electronic and natural materials. The scope evolved through ICF1-1CF12 from nano to macro scales, from basic science, engineering and mathematics to practical technology and systems modelling for safe design.
At an ICF Interquadrennial Conference in Anaheim, California, May 2011 ICF was renamed “ICF: The World Academy of Structural Integrity”.

## Structure

ICF-WASI is governed by a Council which comprises members from each member nation, with one nation one vote. The Council meets once every four years at each ICF-WASI Quadrennial. Council delegates the management of ICF-WASI to a President and an Executive Committee.
Since ICF 6, the Treasurer has acted as the de facto CEO working closely with the President and Secretary-General. The Council elects Fellows every four years who are now termed “Academicians” (50). ICF-WASI in its widest sense consists also of the “Associates” who comprise the whole community of the up to 10,000 delegates who have attended Quadrennial and Interquadrennial conferences.

## Past meetings

* ICF-1 Sendi (Japan) 1965
* ICF-2 Brighton (UK) 1969
* ICF-3 Munich (Germany) 1973
* ICF-4 Waterloo (Canada) 1977
* ICF-5 Cannes (France) 1981
* ICF-6 New Delhi (India) 1984
* ICF-7 Houston (USA) 1989
* ICF-8 Kiev (Ukraine) 1993
* ICF-9 Sydney (Australia) 1997
* ICF-10 Honolulu (USA) 2001
* ICF-11 Turin (Italy) 2005
* ICF-12 Ottawa (Canada) 2009
* ICF-13 Beijing (China) 2013
* ICF-14 Rhodes (Greece) 2017
* ICF-15 Atlanta (USA) 2023
The next Conference (ICF-16) is scheduled for 2027.
# Industrial steam locomotive

An industrial steam locomotive is a type of steam locomotive which primarily ran on industrial railways to serve a company by transporting or assisting the manufacturing products of that particular company's produce. Industrial railways often transported items such as coal, iron, slate and workers to aid production. In many countries, industrial steam serving coal mines in particular, lasted significantly longer than the nations otherwise mainline steam traction, due to the readily available fuel.

## UK

The United Kingdom is known for its widespread use of internal and external railways of many different gauges. The most common industrial gauge in the UK was standard gauge. This used 4 ft 8 1⁄2 the most common gauge throughout the world.

## Common motive power

* Steam locomotive
* Diesel locomotive
* Electric locomotive

### Notable builders

* Avonside Engine Company
* Andrew Barclay Sons & Co.
* Edward Borrows and Sons
* Brush Traction
* English Electric
* George England and Company
* Hawthorn Leslie and Company
* Hudswell Clarke
* Hunslet Engine Company
* Kerr, Stuart and Company
* Kitson and Company
* Manning Wardle
* North British Locomotive Company
* Peckett and Sons
* Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns
* Robert Stephenson and Company
* Sentinel Waggon Works
* W. G. Bagnall
* Vulcan Foundry
* Yorkshire Engine Company

### Notable Locomotive Designs

* Bagnall 0-4-0ST No. 19
* Bagnall 0-4-0ST "Alfred" and "Judy"
* Bagnall 0-6-0ST Victor/Vulcan
* Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST
* Peckett OQ Class
# James Gordon Stuart Grant

James Gordon Stuart Grant (c. 1834 – 27 February 1902) was a New Zealand demagogue, journalist and eccentric. He was born in Glenlivet, Banffshire, Scotland in circa 1834.
He unsuccessfully stood in the 1859 Town of Dunedin by-election against James Macandrew. He won election to the Otago Provincial Council in an October 1865 by-election and was a member until 1867 when he did not stand for re-election. Instead, he stood for superintendent of the Otago Province but only received 2 of the 3,653 votes cast.
From 1866, he stood in numerous parliamentary elections, including the 1866 election in the Caversham electorate, and the 1867 by-election, 1869 by-election and 1874 by-election for the City of Dunedin electorate.
The last election in which he stood was the 1884 election. when he received one vote (presumably his own).
He died penniless in 1902.

## Publications

* The Cynic, Dunedin 1875
# Terflavin B

Terflavin B is an ellagitannin, a type of hydrolysable tannin. It can be found in Myrobalanus chebula (Terminalia chebula), the black chebulic, and in Terminalia catappa, the Indian almond.
It is formed from a nonahydroxytriphenic acid dilactone and a gallic acid linked to a glucose molecules.
# Daniel Kopál

Daniel Kopál (10 December 1970 – 27 October 2020) was a Czech chef, radio and television presenter and author of cookbooks.
Kopál acted as radio host for Hitrádio Faktor. Together with Martin Zounar he directed the cooking program Mňam aneb Prima vařečka. He also worked for regional television for Výlety s labužníkem. He published a number of cookbooks on South Bohemian cuisine, of which he was a specialist.
Kopál lived and worked in České Budějovice.
In October 2020, Kopál was infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. After a long stay in the intensive care unit, he died from COVID-19 on 27 October 2020, at age 49.
# Nizka

Nizka (pronounced) is a settlement on the left bank of the Savinja River in the Municipality of Rečica ob Savinji in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional Styria region and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Nizka vas to Nizka in 1953.
# Haravanahalli

Haravanahalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
# Jensia

Jensia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, endemic to California.

## Species

* Jensia rammii (Greene) B.G.Baldwin - Sierra Nevada foothills (Butte Co to Calaveras Co with report of isolated population in Tulare Co)
* Jensia yosemitana (Parry ex A.Gray) B.G.Baldwin - Sierra Nevada from (Nevada Co to Kern Co)
# Pterolophia graciosa

Pterolophia graciosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Indistinct ground snake

There are two species of snake named indistinct ground snake:
* Atractus esepe
* Atractus indistinctus
# Horie Kuwajirō

Horie Kuwajirō (堀江 鍬次郎; 1831–1866) was an early Japanese photographer and science writer.
Horie studied rangaku, specifically chemistry, at the Nagasaki Naval Training Center where J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort was an instructor. In addition to chemistry, Pompe van Meerdervoort taught photography. When Swiss photographer Pierre Rossier arrived in Japan in 1858 on a commission from Negretti and Zambra, he taught wet-collodion process photography to Horie and others, including his friend Ueno Hikoma (1838–1904) and Maeda Genzō (1831–1906). It is possible that Horie accompanied Rossier around Nagasaki while the latter took photographs of priests, beggars, the audience of a sumo match, the foreign settlement, and a group portrait of Philipp Franz von Siebold's son Alexander and several samurai.
In 1860 or 1861 Horie bought a wet-plate camera. The purchase, which included photographic chemicals, was funded by the daimyō of the Tsu Domain, Tōdō Takayuki, and the price was 150 ryō. Apparently the photographic equipment was of such interest to Ueno that he chose to become a subject of Tsu Domain in order to have access to it at the clan residence in Edo. In 1861 Horie photographed Ueno at work in the Tsu Domain's laboratory in Edo (now Tokyo). In 1862 Ueno and Horie co-wrote a textbook titled Shamitsu Kyoku Hikkei that comprised translated extracts from ten Dutch science manuals and which included an appendix titled Satsueijutsu [The Technique of Photography] describing techniques of collodion process photography as well as Nicéphore Niépce's asphalt printing method. The appendix also provided the first published account in Japan of lithographic printing. Horie himself taught pharmacology to Uchida Kuichi, who later became a celebrated photographer in his own right.
# James Audley

James Audley may refer to:
* James Audley (died 1369) (c. 1318–1369), Knight of the Garter
* James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley (1312/13–1386), English peer
* James Audley (died 1272) (1220–1272), English baron
# Tergaonkar

Tergaonkar is a surname found in Karnataka and Maharashtra states in India. It is found among Hindus of the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community.
The surname is also found among Deshastha Brahmins and Daivadnya Brahmins.
The village Tergaon is situated in Haliyal Block in Uttar Kannada district in the state of Karnataka. Most of the Tergaonkars speak Kannada, Marathi or Konkani.
# Daniel Devine

Dan, Daniel or Danny Devine may refer to:
* Dan Devine (1924–2002), American Hall-of-Fame college football and National Football League head coach
* Danny Devine (footballer, born 1992), Irish professional footballer for Inverness Caledonian Thistle
* Danny Devine (footballer, born 1997), English professional footballer for Chester
# Ninh Hải, Ninh Hòa

Ninh Hải is a ward of Ninh Hòa, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam, which was established in 2010.
Ninh Hải has a savanna climate. The average temperature is 26°C (79°F), with July being the hottest month and January the coldest. The average rainfall is 1,762 mm (69.4 in) per year, the rainiest months being September through November.
The ward is the location of the famous Dốc Lết [vi] beach.
# Jennyfer Marques Parinos

Jennyfer Marques Parinos (born 22 February 1996) is a Brazilian para table tennis player who competes in international elite competitions. She is a Paralympic bronze medalist, double Parapan American Games silver medalist and a World champion. She has won numerous team event medals with Danielle Rauen and Bruna Costa Alexandre.
Marques Parinos was diagnosed at a young age with a rare disease called X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) when she found walking unaided painful.
# Pterolophia ghanaana

Pterolophia ghanaana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1972.
# Inga Sarri

Alma Inga Kristina Sarri (née Jonsson; 7 August 1934 – 14 April 2021) was a Swedish actress. She was the mother of actor Olle Sarri.

## Filmography

* 1956 – My Passionate Longing
* 1956 – Sista paret ut
* 1965 – En historia till fredag (TV-series)
* 1971 – Lavforsen – by i Norrland (TV-series)
* 1983 – Mot härliga tider
* 1985 – Det är mänskligt att fela (TV)
* 1986 – Bröderna Mozart
* 1988 – Livsfarlig film
* 1992 – Hassel – Utpressarna (TV)
* 1993 – Roseanna
* 1994 – Min vän Percys magiska gymnastikskor (TV-series)
* 1994 – Svensson Svensson (TV-series)
* 1999 – c/o Segemyhr (TV-series)
* 2001 – Vintergatan 5b (TV-series)
* 2002 – Bella bland kryddor och kriminella (TV-series)
* 2003 – Tillbaka till Vintergatan (TV-series)
* 2008 – Varg
* 2009 – Äntligen midsommar
* 2020 – We Got This (TV-series)
# Cosmetovigilance

Cosmetovigilance is the ongoing and systematic monitoring of the safety of cosmetics in terms of human health. The aim is to detect adverse effects of cosmetic products, and to prevent adverse effects by taking appropriate measures. Regulations for cosmetic products primarily address the safety of products that may be used by large populations of healthy consumers. The identification and analysis of adverse effects related to cosmetic products is a process that is currently still, to a large extent, industry driven. It is the responsibility of manufacturers to determine that products and ingredients are safe before they are marketed, and then to collect reports of adverse reactions.
The legal basis for monitoring cosmetics in the U.S.A. is The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), which defines cosmetics by their intended use, as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body...for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance”. Among the products included in this definition are skin moisturizers, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, shampoos, permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes, and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.
In the US, state regulation applies in addition to federal regulation. For example, California's governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed off fiercely contested toxics legislation that requires cosmetic producers to report use of ingredients classified as carcinogenic or toxic to reproduction, a measure primarily aimed at phthalates.
The legal basis for monitoring cosmetics in the European Union is derived from Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC. This 1976 directive requires that cosmetic products 'must not cause damage to human health when applied under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use'. The safety officer of a company with marketed cosmetics files product information, including a safety report, in electronic or other format to the competent authority of the Member State. This takes place after placing cosmetic products on the market, with updates by state requirement.
The practical consequence of cosmetics legislation is a requirement for continuous observation of cosmetic products after marketing. This applies particularly to "adverse effects" and "serious adverse effects". The European legislation defines "adverse effect" as a negative impact on human health, which is attributable to the normal or reasonably foreseeable use of a cosmetic product. A "serious adverse effect" resulting in temporary or permanent functional incapacity, disability, hospitalization, congenital anomalies or an immediate danger to life or death.
# Jonathan Barker

Jonathan Curtis Barker (c. 1952 – July 5, 2018) was a Canadian film producer. He was the CEO of SK Films, which he co-founded with Wendy MacKeigan and Bob Kerr. On September 21, 2018, Barker was posthumously awarded the 2018 Giant Screen Cinema Association Outstanding Achievement Award.

## Early life and education

Barker was born in Chicago to Priscilla Curtis Barker and Anthony G.S. Griffin. He grew up in Montreal. Barker attended the Selwyn House School, the Trinity College School, the University of Toronto and McGill University.

## Personal life and death

Barker was married to Wendy MacKeigan and they had five children: Scott, Tyler, Georgia, Alex and Caleigh.
On July 5, 2018, Barker died of cancer in Toronto at the age of 66.

## Select filmography

* Camilla (1994)
* Journey to Mecca (2009)
# Daniel Lovell

Daniel Lovell (died 27 December 1818) was an English journalist, involved in high-profile court cases concerned with press freedom.

## Life

Lovell was for many years proprietor and editor of The Statesman, a London newspaper set up in 1806 by John Hunt. He was an outspoken critic through the paper of the Tory government of the time, and he was subjected to much persecution.
In 1811, Lovell was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for copying the reporting of Manchester papers on the conduct of the military at Sir Francis Burdett's arrest; in contrast the original publishers of the libel were only asked to express regret at their inadvertence. In August 1812, he was again tried and found guilty of a libel on the commissioners of the transport service; and although he pleaded that it was published without his knowledge or sanction while he was in prison, he was sentenced to pay a fine, to be imprisoned in Newgate Prison for eighteen months, and to find securities for three years, with two sureties. Being unable to pay the fine or find sureties, he remained in gaol.
On 23 November 1814, Samuel Whitbread and Anthony Browne, Whig Members of Parliament, took up Lovell's case. Whitebread presented a petition from Lovell asking for a remission or reduction of his fine; and after some time the government remitted the fine and reduced the amount of security. Lovell was still unable to meet the requirement for a security, and on 17 March 1815 Whitbread again presented a petition from him, stating his utter inability to do as he had been asked, and calling the merciful consideration of the House of Commons, he having been confined nearly four years in Newgate.
Lovell was ultimately released, broken in health and financially ruined. In 1817, he was again heavily fined for writing abusively about the evening paper The Courier and its editor Daniel Stuart, which closely supported the government. He further accused Stuart of dishonestly taking money belonging to the Society of the Friends of the People.
Lovell died in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, on 27 December 1818. Just before his death, he had sold the Statesman to Sampson Perry, previously editor of The Argus.
# Nikola Šećeroski

Nikola Šećeroski (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Шећероски; 1934–2008) was a Serbian independent presidential candidate in the 1990 election. He is remembered for his 1990 election TV Beograd interview.

## Early life

He was born in 1934 to a Macedonian Serb family in Radožda, a village on the shore of Lake Ohrid in the south-west of Yugoslavia, in modern-day North Macedonia.

## Early activism

He was a social activist in the 1970s, and protested against some corrupted officials, and became a politician in the 1980s.

## 1990 election

A 1-hour long TV interview for TV Beograd ahead of the 1990 elections, representing himself, made him famous in Yugoslavia, as he eccentrically spoke about various matters, most famously of the accusations against him by the municipality of Čukarica that he made "brooms and brushes", that had haunted him for three years, stating that he had "nothing to do with brooms and brushes, I am a plastic worker", and that they needed to be punished. He made several more TV appearances, such as guesting popular Minimaks.
After losing his last job, he turned to make plastic animals, which he received permission of to sell by the municipality, however, according to him, as soon as he neared the main station, he was arrested, written an offence ticket, imprisoned with a straitjacket, then released, accused of selling brooms and brushes. He stated that this was due to his past outspoken criticism.
He finished 26th with 3,168 votes.
# Pulaski County Bridge No. 31

Pulaski County Bridge No. 31 (also known as the Stearns Truss Bridge or the Blue Bridge) is a Stearns truss bridge originally built in 1905 in Pulaski County in the U.S. state of Indiana. In 2006, it was disassembled at its location over Big Monon Ditch, near Medaryville in Pulaski County, and moved to the Wabash and Erie Canal park in Delphi in Carroll County, Indiana. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2003, thanks to the efforts of a local Boy Scout. It is believed to be the last surviving Stearns Truss Bridge in the United States.

## History

The bridge was erected over the Big Monon Ditch in 1905 by the Winamac Bridge Company. It was designed by William E. Stearns, and is the only Stearns Truss Bridge known left in existence in the United States. A unique feature of the bridge is that it was designed to be easily moved. Various connecting points were made to easily pivot into and out of place, and the caissons were made to be loaded and unloaded with ballast to anchor the structure in place. This allowed the bridge to carry a much greater load as a function of its weight.
It was placed on the National Register as part of an Eagle Scout project by Bradley Nielsen, who began the effort in 2002. The bridge and the road it served sat on farm property owned by his grandparents, and had been abandoned for some time. With the assistance of the Pulaski County Historical society, Nielsen researched the bridge's history and construction, and filled out the application to place the structure on the NRHP. In 2003 the bridge was placed on the Register as "Pulaski County Bridge No. 31".
The bridge was owned by the county, and in 2005 when the contracts were let to clean the Big Monon Ditch the bridge was in the way of the dredging equipment. The commissioners discussed demolishing the bridge, and it was decided that removal of the bridge was necessary.
A group of concerned historians involved with the Wabash and Erie Canal Park in Delphi came to the bridge's rescue. In December, 2005, the Pulaski County commissioners sold the bridge for $10 to the Delphi group. They moved the bridge to Delphi, and over the past several years—with assistance from various funding agencies—have rebuilt the structure. It was dedicated on November 11, 2007 as a featured element of the interpretive park, known as the "Blue Bridge". It was subsequently removed from the National Register in 2014.
# Jelly

Jelly may refer to:

## Food

* Jelly (fruit preserves), a clear or translucent fruit spread or preserve
* Jelly (dessert), a clear or translucent dessert

## Entertainment

* Jelly's Last Jam, an American musical based on the early days of Jazz
* The Jellys, an English punk/pop band
* "Jelly" (song), a 2006 song by Japanese electronic duo Capsule
* Mr. Jelly, title character of the 1976 book Mr. Jelly, in the Mr. Men children's book series
* The Jellies!, an American adult animated television series
* Shadowmoor, a Magic: the Gathering expansion set, codenamed "Jelly" in development
* Nickname of Sergeant Jelal, a character in the 1959 novel Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein

## Other uses

* Jelly (name), a list of people with the nickname or surname
* Gelignite, also known as blasting jelly or simply jelly
* Temazepam, a powerful hypnotic drug, street name "jellies"
* Jellyfish, also known as jellies
* Apache Jelly, a Java- and XML-based scripting and processing engine for turning XML into executable code
* Petroleum jelly
* Jelly (app), an app, and the company behind it
# Chris Cain

Chris Cain (born November 19, 1955) is an American blues musician.
He began playing professionally as a teenager in local clubs, at festivals, and at private events. He attended Pomona College.
Cain received four Blues Music Award nominations in 1987 for his debut album, Late Night City Blues, including Guitarist of the Year. He signed to Blind Pig Records in 1990 and released his second album, Cuttin' Loose, then released Can't Buy A Break in 1992 and Somewhere Along the Way in 1995. 2018 brought more nominations, including Blues Music Awards Guitarist of the Year, Blues Blast Awards Best Males Blues Artist and Best Contemporary Blues Album for the 2017 release, Chris Cain.

## Discography

* 1987 - Late Night City Blues (Blue Rock-It Records)
* 1990 - Cuttin' Loose (Blind Pig Records)
* 1992 - Can't Buy a Break (Blind Pig)
* 1995 - Somewhere Along the Way (Blind Pig)
* 1997 - Unscheduled Flight (Blue Rock-It)
* 1998 - Live at the Rep (Chris Cain Records)
* 1999 - Christmas Cain: Blues for the Holidays (Chris Cain Records)
* 2001 - Cain Does King (Blue Rock-It)
* 2003 - Hall of Shame (Blue Rock-It)
* 2010 - So Many Miles (Blue Rock-It)
* 2016 - King of the Blues with Rodger Fox Big Band (T-Bones Records)
* 2017 - Chris Cain (Little Village Foundation)
* 2017 - Romaphonic Session with Nasta Super (Epsa Music)
* 2021 - Raisin' Cain (Alligator Records)
* 2024 - Good Intentions Gone Bad (Alligator Records)