OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heldenberg Memorial

The Heldenberg Memorial is an open-air pantheon in the grounds of the castle at Kleinwetzdorf, Heldenberg, Lower Austria. It houses busts and statues of Austrian rulers and military personnel and was set up in 1849 by Joseph Gottfried Pargfrieder, a major supplier to the imperial army, who claimed to be an illegitimate son of Emperor Joseph II.
Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, an Austrian Army Field Marshal and national hero, died on January 5, 1858, after an accident in Milan. The Emperor wished that he be buried in the Capuchin crypt (the Imperial Crypt in Vienna), however, Radetzky had bequeathed his earthly remains, and the right to bury him, to Pargfrieder, who had settled his debts earlier. On 19 January 1858, Radetzky was buried at the Heldenberg memorial. He lies in a crypt under a monumental obelisk, together with Field Marshal Maximilian von Wimpffen and Pargfrieder.
The site includes quarters for military invalids (an officer and twelve soldiers) who were intended to serve as guards of honour, however, these plans were never realized.
The site was renovated and expanded through the addition of a visitor centre for the 2005 Lower Austrian state exhibition ("Landesausstellung").
# Clinton Township, Ringgold County, Iowa

Clinton Township is a township in Ringgold County, Iowa, USA.
# Hegesander

Hegesander (Greek: ῾Ηγήσανδρος) may refer to:
* Hegesander (historian) (2nd century BC), Greek writer, and a citizen of Delphi
* Agesander of Rhodes (1st century BC), Greek sculptor from the island of Rhodes
# Hemmat Expressway

Hemmat Expressway is a route in Tehran, Iran. It starts from Pasdaran Avenue junction and goes towards west. It passes Haghani Expressway, Kordestan Expressway, Milad Tower, Ashrafi Esfahani Expressway and Ziba Shahr in Western Tehran and ends into an intersection with Azadegan Expressway and Tehran-Shomal Freeway.
It is named after Iran-Iraq war hero Mohammad Ebrahim Hemmat.
From East to West :
| Continues as Zeinoddin Expressway |||
| | Pasdaran Street Shariati Street |
| | Shahid Haghani Expressway |
| Shahid Hemmat Metro Station |||
| Fajr Interchange | Modares Expressway |
| | Africa Boulevard |
| | Gandhi Street |
| | Kordestan Expressway Shahid Abbaspoor(Tavanir) Street |
| Sheikh Bahaei Interchange | Sheikh Bahaei Street |
| | Chamran Expressway |
| | Sheikh Fazl-allah Nouri Expressway |
| | Yadegar-e-Emam Expressway |
| | Ashrafi Esfahani Expressway |
| | Sardar Jangal Boulevard |
| | Shahid Sattari Expressway |
| | Shahin Boulevard North-South |
| | Jannat Abad Boulevard |
| | Bakeri Expressway |
| | Shahran Avenue |
| | Olympic Village Boulevard |
| | Azadegan Expressway Tehran-Shomal Freeway |
| Continues as Kharazzi Expressway |||
| From West to East |||
Source:|OpenStreetMap Contributions

## notes

* ↑ Westbound exit limited to Northbound Haghani only
* ↑ Westbound Entrance from Northbound Africa, Eastboud exit to Northbound Africa
* ↑ Eastbound exit only
# Helcogramma nesion

Helcogramma nesion is a species of triplefin blenny in the genus Helcogramma. It was described by Jeffrey T. Williams and Jeffrey C. Howe in 2003. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean where it is endemic to Japan, it is restricted to the Izu Islands, Ogasawara Islands and to the island of Okino-shima which is at the south-western tip of Shikoku.
# Heinz Dürr

Heinz Dürr (16 July 1933 – 27 November 2023) was a German businessman. He was a major shareholder in the Dürr AG, founded in Stuttgart in 1895. Dürr was chairman of the board of AEG from 1980 to 1990, and from 1991 to 1994 he served as executive board chairman of Deutsche Bundesbahn and Deutsche Reichsbahn. When the privatized Deutsche Bahn was formed then, Dürr was its first chairman of the board until 1997.

## Life and career

Dürr was born in Stuttgart on 16 July 1933 and, aged 12, attended the National-Political Institute of Learning in Rottweil in 1944–1945. He completed his secondary school education in post-war West Germany in 1953. He was a major shareholder in the Stuttgart-based engineering firm Dürr AG, founded by his grandfather in 1895.
Dürr was chairman of the board of AEG from 1980 to 1990, and from 1991 he served as executive board chairman of Deutsche Bundesbahn and Deutsche Reichsbahn, Germany's state-owned railways. When these enterprises were combined and privatized in 1994, Dürr became the first chairman of the board of the new Deutsche Bahn, a position he held until 1997. He is credited with the invention of the weekend discount ticket (Schönes- Wochenende-Ticket), which led to a notable increase in local railway traffic in Germany.
Dürr died on 27 November 2023, at the age of 90.
# Nornicotine

Nornicotine is an alkaloid found in various plants including Nicotiana, the tobacco plant. It is chemically similar to nicotine, but does not contain a methyl group.
It is a precursor to the carcinogen N-nitrosonornicotine that is produced during the curing and processing of tobacco. Nornicotine can react in human saliva to form N-nitrosonornicotine, a known type 1 carcinogen.

## Synthesis

There are several routes for the synthesis of nornicotine. One route is the demethylation of nicotine, which can be accomplished by reaction with silver oxide.
$\mathrm {\xrightarrow[{H_{2}O}]{Ag_{2}O}}$
Another route is the partial reduction of 3-myosmine, which can be accomplished by standard catalytic hydrogenation conditions using palladium as a catalyst or with sodium borohydride. This reaction gives the racemic product.
$\mathrm {\xrightarrow[{H_{2}}]{Pd/C}}$

## Pharmacology

Nornicotine possess high affinity for alpha-6 and alpha-7 subunits of nAChRs. It also inhibits DAT in striatum via nAChR and releases dopamine in rats.
# Cecilie Broch Knudsen

Cecilie Broch Knudsen (born 3 January 1950) is a Norwegian artist who was rector of the Oslo National Academy of the Arts from August 2007 to August 2015.
She was born in New York City as a daughter of diplomat Ditlef Knudsen (1911–1981) and Anna Sophie Broch (1918–2000), and grew up in several countries where her father was stationed; Canada, Turkey, Thailand and Chile. She is a graduate of the National Academy of Craft and Art Industry, the National Academy of Fine Arts and the teachers' college Statens yrkespedagogiske høyskole. She started her career as a painter, illustrator and graphic designer.
From 1996 to 2007 she was the rector of Einar Granum Kunstfagskole, a preparatory art school. In 2007 she edged out Anders Eiebakke to become the new rector of the Oslo National Academy of the Arts, a merger between two of the academies where she studied as well as three others. During her tenure as rector, the institution became fully co-located in the former Christiania Seildugsfabrikk.
Knudsen has chaired the board of Trafo Art Hall in Asker and has been a board member of the Jewish Museum in Oslo, and Talent Norway.
Knudsen resides at Uranienborg, Oslo. She was in a relationship to painter Odd Nerdrum from 1977 to 1991. Together, they had three daughters. Quarrels between Knudsen and Nerdrum have surfaced and reached national media on several occasions. In 2011, Nerdrum was on trial for tax fraud, and publicly accused Knudsen of tipping off the tax authorities. In 2014, she sued Nerdrum over the inheritance of Nerdrum's deceased mother's house.
# Cecilie Dahl

Cecilie Dahl is an artist currently living and working in New York City and in Oslo, Norway.
He was born in Oslo, Norway, in 1960. She grew up in Oslo and Accra, the capital city of Ghana. She has an M.A. in Fine Art from The Art Academy in Oslo, Norway, and a diploma in Architectural Art and Design from Bournemouth and Poole College of Art in the United Kingdom. She has work in collections across Europe and in America. Malmö Konsthall in Sweden holds 25 of her works. Her works are part of the Elisabeth Sackler Center for Feminist Art collection, which is affiliated with the Brooklyn Museum.
Dahl participated in the National and International Studio Program of the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1993–1994.
In 2007 Dahl had a solo exhibition, Cruising Paradise, at Nortälje Konsthall in Sweden, and took part in the group exhibition I Love Malmö at the Turku Art Museum.
In an artist statement Dahl says that her interests are in 'relations between people, how we intuitively perceive and negotiate the space between the others and ourselves, and how our experience of proximity is open to illusions.'
# Celeste Bradley

Celeste Bradley (born 1964) is an American romance novelist.
# Club Montepulciano

Club Montepulciano was a lounge and cabaret club-night that ran themed events across a number of venues in London, with guest appearances in the South of England and across Europe, from 1993 to 2004. Founded by compere Heilco Van Der Pleog and DJ Nick Hollywood, it was variously described as a "clubland institution" by Time Out and "the future of clubbing" by The Independent. It acted as a launch pad for new talent and influenced the then emerging cabaret and burlesque scenes.
As a musical event, Club Montepulciano was founded on swinging cocktail tunes from nightclubs and ballrooms of a bygone era. Its themed nights had different retro vibes, influenced by icons Breakfast at Tiffany's, James Bond or the Playboy Clubs of the 1950s and 1960s, with clubbers dressing in the style of each event.
Venues graced by Club Montepulciano included the Hanover Grand, Café de Paris, the Connaught Ballrooms, Turnmills, the Kensington Roof Gardens, Brockwell Lido, the Rivoli Ballroom, the Embassy Club, Glastonbury Festival, Glyndeborne, Pacha's flagship venue in Madrid, Dingwalls, Eastborne Wintergardens, the original Brighton Concord, The Water Rats, Madame Jojo's, the Scala club at Kings Cross, the Eve Club, the Blackheath Halls, and The Camden Centre.
Club Montepulciano's cabaret and comedy acts included The League of Gentlemen (before they were famous), Mackenzie Crook from The Office as Charlie Cheese, Jackie Clune as Karen Carpenter, Matt Lucas from Little Britain and Shooting Stars, Amy Lamé in collaboration with 'Duckie', Ursula Martinez, The Tiger Lillies (Shockheaded Peter), Men in Coats, Mike Flowers Pops, The Lorraine Bowen Experience, Percy and Allen, Tina C and Dr Stuart (The Fifth Element), and the UK Latin American Ballroom Dance Champions.
Complementing these performers were circus acts, magicians, impersonators and more built around a variety style bill. Club Montepulciano also hosted its own in-house casino, talk-a-oke, the Flirtation Tank and Minuscule of Sound, as well as the in-house band Montepulciano.
Club Montepulciano was described as one of the "things you have to do before you're a real Londoner" by Time Out magazine in 2004. The demand for its music grew into Club Montepulciano Recordings and subsequently Freshly Squeezed Music.
The band Hooverphonic recorded a song called "Club Montepulciano". It was inspired by a visit to the club (then resident at Dingwalls) while the band were recording their debut album for Sony in a nearby studio. When their album was later launched, it was done so at a private version of Club Montepulciano at Dingwalls in Camden.
# Henrik Old

Henrik James Frits Old (born 20 June 1947 in Vágur, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese politician. He is a current (2011-2015) member of the Faroese parliament. He was elected for the Løgting for the first time in 1984. He was re-elected several times and represented the island Suðuroy. He was elected for the Social Democratic Party (Faroe Islands). He was an MP from 1984 to 2008 and again from 2011.

## Political career
### Member of the Faroese Parliament

* 1984 - 2008 - Member of the Løgting representing the Social Democratic Party
* 2011–present - Member of the Løgting representing the Social Democratic Party

### Chair of Standing Committees of the Løgting

* 1991 - 1992 Chair of the Standing Committee on Business
* 1994 - 1995 Chair of the Standing Committee on Fisheries
* 1995 - ? Chair of the Standing Committee on Business

### President or member of other committees

* 2012 - Member of the West Nordic Council
* 2010 - 2011 President of the West Nordic Council
* 2005 - 2006 President of the West Nordic Council
* 1987 - 1995 President of the Lønjavningargrunnur Skipsfiskimanna

## Family

Henrik Old is married to Elsebeth Old (born í Gong, daughter of Petur í Gong who was a member of the City Council of Tórshavn from 1957 - 1996), together they have four children. His parents were Henrikka and Dennis William Connor Old, his father was British. His mother died at a young age, and after that he was raised by his fosterparents Inger and Johannes Joensen.
# North Chester Line

The North Chester Line was a line of the Bakersfield and Kern Electric Railway. The route originated at the intersection of 19th Street and Chester Avenue, and traveled north on Chester. For most of its life, the line was combined with the West 19th Street Line. The line was constructed in 1903, as part of the original expansion plan. It closed in 1933.
The line was originally single track, constructed with 36-pound rails. It would run on Chester Avenue, until 24th Street. It would then, turn east for one block. The line would then turn north again, on K Street. It would continue north and terminate at the Southern Pacific railroad tracks.
In 1911, the line would see two major changes. The K Street section would be realigned to Chester Avenue (terminate at the Southern Pacific Chester Station), making the route straight. Although the franchise, granted to the company, allowed the line to be constructed to 34th Street, it was not constructed north of 32nd Street. This was most likely because of the cost involved in crossing the Southern Pacific tracks. The line was also double tracked and replaced with 87-pound rails.
The 1930 timetable showed trains running every 20 minutes. However, revenue for the streetcar line was declining. On July 24, 1933, the line was abandoned. It would also remove the obstacle to the construction of Garces Circle (which is just south of the Southern Pacific tracks).

## Connections

* Santa Fe and Southern Pacific Line (B&KE)
* Southern Pacific Chester Station - with connections to Southern Pacific local routes serving California.
B&KE = Bakersfield and Kern Electric Railway
# Clyde C. Kennedy

Clyde C. Kennedy (1917–1987) was a Canadian anthropologist and founding member of the Ontario Archaeological Society. He was known for his work around the regions of Pembroke, Ontario, most notably the discoveries of Archaic Period artifacts, several of which are displayed at the Canadian Museum of History.

## Career

Kennedy was born in 1917 in Trail, British Columbia. The Canadian Journal of Archaeology notes that his interest in the field "began when he was a boy, finding Indian artifacts while exploring near his home in the South Kootenays". He was later employed by Atomic Energy of Canada, where he took part in anthropological and archaeological field work at the Sheguiandah site in the summers of 1952 and 1953.
In addition to being a founding member of the Ontario Archaeological Society, Kennedy was president of the Ottawa Valley Historical Society in 1965 and from 1971 to 1973. In 1975, he was a founding member of the Heritage Renfrew. From 1981 to 1983, he chaired the annual Ottawa Valley Archaeological Symposium.
Kennedy was posthumously awarded the J. Norman Emerson Silver Medal by the Ontario Archaeological Society in October 1987.
# C12H20O4

The molecular formula C$_{12}$H$_{20}$O$_4$ (molar mass: 228.28 g/mol, exact mass: 228.1362 u) may refer to:
* Maleic acid dibutyl ester
* Octenylsuccinic acid
* Traumatic acid
# Centro Mori

The Centro Mori or Centro Cultural Mori (Mori Cultural Center) is a cultural project founded in Santiago, Chile by actors Gonzalo Valenzuela and Benjamín Vicuña, together with their partner Cristóbal Vial. The center is located in Barrio Bellavista - a neighborhood of Santiago with a strong cultural heritage - in an old house at the foot of San Cristóbal Hill (street address Constitución 183), next to the Plaza Camilo Mori and near La Chascona (the museum and former house of Pablo Neruda). The property was restored in 2005 by the actors and a group of professionals to turn it into the Teatro Mori Bellavista (Mori Theater, Bellavista).
Centro Mori runs theater performances in three spaces located around Santiago. The latest to open was the Mori Plaza Vespucio, inaugurated in 2012. At its opening, Valenzuela said “we want to do away with the idea that the theater is elitist, instead showing that it can be a place where people can come and have fun.”
A wide range of theater styles are represented on the center's bill, including a play commemorating victims of the 2010 San Miguel prison fire which opened in August 2012, a theater adaptation of Charlie Chaplin's 1931 film City Lights shown during September 2012 and various works for both children and adults.

## Performance Spaces

* Teatro Mori Bellavista – Providencia, Santiago.
* Teatro Mori Parque Arauco – Las Condes, Santiago.
* Teatro Mori Plaza Vespucio – La Florida, Santiago.

## Team

* Founding partners: Gonzalo Valenzuela, Cristóbal Vial and Benjamín Vicuña.
* Executive Director: Cristóbal Vial.
* Director of Programming: Andrea Pérez de Castro.
* Press and Events Coordinator: Eloísa Ganderats.
* Journalist and events assistant: Alejandra Calcagni.
* Production and events assistant: Karina Haller.
* Managing Director Theater: Pierangelo Bertolini.
# Camille Bérubé

Camille Bérubé (born 21 May 1995) is a Canadian Paralympic swimmer who competes in international elite swimming competitions. She is a three-time Parapan American Games medalist and has competed at the Paralympic Games three times.

## Personal life

Bérubé has limited use of her legs after she was diagnosed with cancer at birth, doctors removed a tumour in her lower back which caused the partial paralysis.
# Nenovtsi

Nenovtsi is a village in Tryavna Municipality, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria.
# Gate to the East

The Gate to the East, also known as the Gate of the Orient, (simplified Chinese: 东方之门; traditional Chinese: 東方之門; pinyin: dōng fāng zhī mén) is the second tallest building in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China behind Suzhou IFS. It is intended to be a symbol of a gateway to the city which emphasizes the city's continuing significance in modern China. With a height of 301.8 metres (990 ft), the building is located in the heart of Suzhou's China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) district. Construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2016 at a cost of $700 million USD. Its location precisely indicates the intersection of the historical east-west-axis of Suzhou Old Town with the west bank of Jinji Lake.

## Criticism

Though its design was intended to evoke a gateway, the Gate to the East has been subjected to mockery by many Chinese netizens and western mass media as well, as "resembling a pair of trousers". The landmark has thus led to a slew of internet parodies.

## Transport

* Suzhou Rail Transit: Line 1 Line 3 at Dongfangzhimen Station
# H.120

H.120 was the first digital video compression standard. It was developed by the COST 211 European research project and published by the CCITT (now the ITU-T) in 1984, with a revision in 1988 that included contributions proposed by other organizations. The video turned out not to be of adequate quality, there were few implementations, and there are no existing codecs for the format, but it provided important knowledge leading directly to its practical successors, such as H.261. The latest revision was published in March 1993.

## Stream format

H.120 streams ran at 1544 kbit/s for NTSC and 2048 kbit/s for PAL. Version 1 (1984) featured conditional replenishment, differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM), scalar quantization, variable-length coding and a switch for sampling. Version 2 (1988) added motion compensation and background prediction. A final edition (without new technical content) was published in 1993 as a result of the creation of the ITU-T to replace the prior CCITT standardization body.

## Problems and knowledge gained

H.120 video was not of good enough quality for practical use. Digital signal processing operations were minimized to enable real-time operation. Since differential PCM works on a pixel-by-pixel basis, reducing the bitrate sufficiently required lowering the spatial and temporal resolution, and the quantization of pixel differences was coarse. Frame memory storage was expensive at the time, further motivating a lowered spatial resolution.
Each field of standard-definition video was subsampled vertically to 143 lines and horizontally to at most 256 samples per line (a 2:1 reduction vertically and about a 2.8:1 reduction horizontally). In moving areas, the number of samples per line was reduced by another factor of 2 using a quincunx sampling pattern. Difference values were coarsely represented using a quantization table with only 16 values of pixel differences. Fields were sometimes skipped to reduce temporal resolution as well.
It became clear to researchers that to improve the video quality without exceeding the target bitrate for the stream, it would be necessary to encode using an average of less than one bit for each pixel. This would require groups of pixels to be coded together. This led to the use of the discrete cosine transform in codecs that followed H.120, such as H.261, the first practical video encoding standard.
# Neolamprologus similis

Neolamprologus similis is a shell-dwelling cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa, where it is only known along the shores of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. N. similis is copper-coloured with vertical white stripes running from the head to the base of the tail. It can reach up to 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in total length, and it is a popular freshwater aquarium fish.

## Breeding habits

This fish is monomorphic: males and females are not visually different (males are bigger) and form small colonies or harems—depending on available space—in which the male fry are tolerated until they become active competitors of the male. Female fry are not only tolerated but are eventually courted as mates. The females also are objects of interest to neighboring males and may be targets of theft.
# Neolamprologus tretocephalus

Neolamprologus tretocephalus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it is found in sandy areas in the northern half of the lake. It is a predator on molluscs. This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.