OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans-Joachim Bremermann

Hans-Joachim Bremermann (1926–1996) was a German-American mathematician and biophysicist. He worked on computer science and evolution, introducing ideas of how mating generates new gene combinations. Bremermann's limit, named after him, is the maximum computational speed of a self-contained system in the material universe.

## Early life

Bremermann was born in Bremen, Germany, to Bernard Bremermann and Berta Wicke.
Bremermann undertook doctoral studies at the University of Münster, completing his Staatsexamen in mathematics and physics in 1951. In the same year, his doctoral dissertation Die Charakterisierung von Regularitätsgebieten durch pseudokonvexe Funktionen was published, in which he solved a special case of the Levi problem. He was to become a specialist in complex analysis.

## Career

Bremermann came to the United States in 1952 and held a research associate position at Stanford University. In 1953, he was appointed a research fellow at Harvard University. He returned to Münster for 1954–55.
After returning to the United States, he was a mathematics researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (1955–57), and then appointed assistant professor at the University of Washington, Seattle (1957–58). He then spent another year researching at Princeton (1958–59), this time in physics.
In 1959, he became an associate professor of mathematics at University of California, Berkeley, where he remained for the rest of his career, being promoted to full professor in 1966. He held chairs at Berkeley in mathematics and biophysics. By the 1960s, his work had turned towards the theory of computation and evolutionary biology, in which he studied complexity theory, genetic search algorithms, and pattern recognition.
In 1978 he gave the "What Physicists Do" series of lectures at Sonoma State University, discussing physical limitations to mathematical understanding of physical and biological systems. He continued work in mathematical biology through the 1980s, developing mathematical models of parasites and disease, neural networks, and AIDS epidemiology and pathology. He retired from the University of California in 1991.

## Personal life

On 16 May 1954, Bremermann married Maria Isabel Lopez Perez-Ojeda, a scholar of romance language and literature.

## Legacy

R.W. Anderson writes:
   [Bremermann] continued to develop mathematical modelling as a tool to understanding complex (especially biological) systems for the rest of his life. His intellectual journey was marked by brilliant insight and foresight. [...] Hans Bremermann is not only remembered for his genius but also for his warmth, generosity, courage, integrity, humility, and love.
In 1995, a festschrift was published with a brief biography and 13 scientific papers of his former students and colleagues in a special issue of BioSystems.
# Terranovella

Terranovella is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived from 501 to 490 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period.
# Judo at the 2015 European Games – Women's 48 kg

The women's 48 kg judo event at the 2015 European Games in Baku was held on 25 June at the Heydar Aliyev Arena.

## Results
### Final

| Final | Final |
| Charline Van Snick (BEL) | 001 |
| Ebru Şahin (TUR) | 000 |

### Repechage

| Repechage | Repechage | Third place | Third place |
| Éva Csernoviczki (HUN) | 100 |
| Dilara Lokmanhekim (TUR) | 000 | | |
| Dilara Lokmanhekim (TUR) | 000 | Éva Csernoviczki (HUN) | 100 |
| | | Maryna Cherniak (UKR) | 000 |
| Repechage | Repechage | Third place | Third place |
| Julia Figueroa (ESP) | 001 |
| Valentina Moscatt (ITA) | 000 | | |
| Valentina Moscatt (ITA) | 000 | Julia Figueroa (ESP) | 000 |
| | | Irina Dolgova (RUS) | 010 |

### Top half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Éva Csernoviczki (HUN) | 100 | | |
| | | Noa Minsker (ISR) | 000 | | |
| | | | | Éva Csernoviczki (HUN) | 000 |
| | | | | Irina Dolgova (RUS) | 001 |
| | | Irina Dolgova (RUS) | 101 | | |
| | | Leandra Freitas (POR) | 000 | | |
| Violeta Dumitru (ROU) | 000 | Leandra Freitas (POR) | 000 | | |
| Leandra Freitas (POR) | 001 | | | | | | |
| Leandra Freitas (POR) | 001 | | | | | Irina Dolgova (RUS) | 000 |
| | | | | | | Charline Van Snick (BEL) | 100 |
| | | Dilara Lokmanhekim (TUR) | 002 | | | | |
| | | Ewa Konieczny (POL) | 000 | | | | |
| | | | | Dilara Lokmanhekim (TUR) | 000 | | |
| | | | | Charline Van Snick (BEL) | 101 |
| | | Charline Van Snick (BEL) | 100 | | |
| | | Leyla Aliyeva (AZE) | 000 | | |
| Kristina Vršič (SLO) | 000 | Leyla Aliyeva (AZE) | 000 | | |
| Leyla Aliyeva (AZE) | 000 | | | | |

### Bottom half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Monica Ungureanu (ROU) | 000 | | |
| | | Ebru Şahin (TUR) | 100 | | |
| Shira Rishony (ISR) | 000 | Ebru Şahin (TUR) | 100 | | |
| Ebru Şahin (TUR) | 001 | | | | |
| Ebru Şahin (TUR) | 001 | | | Ebru Şahin (TUR) | 000 |
| | | | | Julia Figueroa (ESP) | 000 |
| | | Julia Figueroa (ESP) | 100 | | |
| | | Cristina Budescu (MDA) | 000 | | |
| | | | | | | Ebru Şahin (TUR) | 004 |
| | | | | | | Maryna Cherniak (UKR) | 000 |
| | | Maryna Cherniak (UKR) | 001 | | | | |
| | | Réka Pupp (HUN) | 000 | | | | |
| | | | | Maryna Cherniak (UKR) | 002 | | |
| | | | | Valentina Moscatt (ITA) | 000 |
| | | Valentina Moscatt (ITA) | 101 | | |
| | | Aisha Gurbanli (AZE) | 010 | | |
| Kristina Rumyantseva (RUS) | 000 | Aisha Gurbanli (AZE) | 010 | | |
| Aisha Gurbanli (AZE) | 100 | | | | |
# Olivedale, Western Cape

Situated halfway between Cape Town, South Africa and George, you will find Olivedale. It is a small farming community located at the foot of the Langeberg Mountains and marks the spot where the Buffeljagsriver and the Breede River meet. The entrance to Olivedale (turning right on the N2 after passing Swellendam direction George) has a display of farm implements from the days of yore, with cattle roaming free and fruit orchards turning the area into different shades of pink and purple from September.
The Olivedale, (Buffeljagsriver) area is a fertile region producing vegetables, citrus, persimmons, canola, milk and even lavender and peppers. Olivedale has its own local cheese factory, wine cellar and a rich history of old folk tales.
Establishment of the Farming District
The Trek Boers started expanding from the Cape Colony and the governing body of the VOC in the early 1700s. The first farm to be established in the wider Swellendam/Buffeljags area was Jan Harmse in 1723 (now Nooitgedacht) and Roelof Olofsz at Grootvadersbosch. In 1731 Andre Schutte established himself at Potteberg and Dirk Cornelius Uys was the first Farmer in Bufflejagsriver. Reasons for leaving the secure vicinity of Cape Town and Stellenbosch included the need for independence from the VOC.
Until 1743 the farmers from the "verre afgeleegene districten" (as it was known by the VOC) lived very much in isolation as the nearest church and landdrost from Olivedale, Buffeljagsriver, was in Stellenbosch, which was not only a far way to travel but also very dangerous.
In January 1743 the Baron Gustaf William van Imhoff visited the Cape Colony on his way to Netherlands-East-Indie. He inspected the "Colonie in de verre afgeleegene districten" and recommended that it must be proclaimed as a district under the VOC. So the nearby town of Swellendam was born.
Olivedale, Buffeljagsrivier district was mainly livestock based including cattle and fat tailed sheep, which were later cross bred with Spanish Marinos to produce wool for export.
As early as 1803 the Buffeljagsriver area was known for the pure bred horses. Landdrost Faure owned a pure bred horse farm, named Rotterdam. Horse breeding led to the establishment of the Swellendam Farmsers Association in 1838.
# Gypsochares astragalotes

Gypsochares astragalotes is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is known from South Africa.
# Bonnetia chimantensis

Bonnetia chimantensis is a species of flowering plant in the Bonnetiaceae family. It is found only in Venezuela, occurring in the Canaima National Park, where mining and tourism are threatening habitats at lower elevations.
# George Green (businessman)

George Green (1861–1915), was a British cinema pioneer.

## Early life

George Green was born in Preston in 1861, the son of a master cabinet maker.

## Career

He started his career as an apprenticed to a watchmaker, but through a bad debt owed to his father, came to own a fairground carousel and slowly built this into a number of travelling shows. Green chose Glasgow as a base for his travelling show business and ran his first moving picture show at Christmas Carnival in 1896.

## Personal life

His sons Fred Green and Bert Green joined him in business after leaving school, and by 1920 had become the most successful cinema proprietors and film renters in Scotland, before opening cinemas, Green's Playhouse.
# Cosmetolaelaps

Cosmetolaelaps is a genus of mites in the family Leptolaelapidae.
# Honora mellinella

Honora mellinella is a genus of snout moth. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1878. It is found in the south-eastern United States, west through Texas, Arizona, south-eastern California, and eastern Washington. It has also been recorded from Oklahoma.
The length of the forewings is 7–11 mm.
The larvae feed on the flower heads of Palafoxia species, including Palafoxia arida.
# Jiahe Township, Jiangcheng County

Jaihe Township (simplified Chinese: 嘉禾乡; traditional Chinese: 嘉禾鄉; pinyin: Jiāhé Xiāng) is a township in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 14,727 and an area of 531.75-square-kilometre (205.31 sq mi).

## Etymology

In Hani language, "Jiahe" means a place of hope and harvest.

## Administrative division

As of 2016, the township is divided into ten villages:
* Jiangxi (江西村)
* Lianhe (联合村)
* Lixian (李仙村)
* Baga (巴嘎村)
* Pingzhang (平掌村)
* Mingzishan (明子山村)
* Luosa (洛洒村)
* Gejie (隔界村)
* Nanwang (南旺村)
* Zhonghui (中会村)

## Geography

It lies at the northern of Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, bordering Baozang Town to the west, Guoqing Township to the south, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County and Lüchun County to the north, and Qushui Town to the east.
The highest point in the township is Mount Yaorenjian (瑶人尖山) which stands 2,075 metres (6,808 ft) above sea level. The lowest point is the confluence of Duo Stream and Lixian River (夺河和李仙江汇合处), which, at 360 metres (1,180 ft) above sea level.
The township enjoys a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an average annual temperature of 18.1 °C (64.6 °F), total annual rainfall of 2,279-millimetre (89.7 in).
The Lixian River (李仙江) and Duo Stream (夺河) flow through the township.

## Economy

The principal industries in the area are agriculture and animal husbandry. Tea, sugarcane, and natural rubber are cash crops of the township.

## Demographics

As of 2017, the National Bureau of Statistics of China estimates the township's population now to be 14,727.

## Transportation

The township is connected to two highways: the National Highway G227 and the Provincial Highway S214.
# Nichola Town

Nichola Town (Nicola Town) is a town in the northeast of the island of Saint Kitts, in Saint Kitts and Nevis.
It is the capital of Christ Church Nichola Town Parish.
In October 2020, the town was hit by a 5.2 earthquake.
# Beet (album)

Beet is the second full-length album by Chicago, Illinois rock band Eleventh Dream Day and their first on a major label, Atlantic Records.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Sun-Times | |
| Robert Christgau | C+ |
| The Great Alternative & Indie Discography | 6/10 |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
| Rolling Stone | |
Chicago Reader wrote: "Beet, recorded over a leisurely four days, is a hoot. Lissome guitar lines float in and amongst varying degrees of thunder riffing; Rizzo's voice flails wildly above the mix."

## Track listing

* "Between Here and There" (Baird Figi, Rick Rizzo) - 4:45
* "Testify" (Rizzo) - 4:03
* "Bagdad's Last Ride" (Janet Beveridge Bean) - 4:04
* "Awake I Lie" (Rizzo) - 5:20
* "Road That Never Winds" (Rizzo) - 3:22
* "Axle" (Rizzo) - 3:42
* "Michael Dunne" (Figi, Rizzo) - 3:28
* "Bomb the Mars Hotel" (Figi) - 3:32
* "Teenage Pin Queen" (Rizzo) - 3:58
* "Love to Hate to Love" (Rizzo) - 3:31
* "Go (Slight Return)" (Bean, Rizzo) - 4:06

### Bonus tracks

* "Seiche" (Figi) - 3:07 On CD only

## Personnel

* Janet Beveridge Bean – piano, drums, vocals
* Baird Figi – guitar, background vocals, lap steel guitar
* Douglas McCombs – bass, background vocals
* Rick Rizzo – guitar, vocals
# Olivees Mountain

Olivees Mountain is the third highest peak on the island of Saint Kitts in the Caribbean.

## Geography

It is located within the nation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, in the Lesser Antilles.

### Elevation

The summit of Olivees Mountain is 886 metres (2,907 ft) in elevation.
It is some 250 metres lower than Mount Liamuiga, which lies six kilometres to the northwest, and around a dozen metres lower than Verchild's Mountain, 4.3 kilometers to the northwest, both on Saint Kitts island.
# Houston County High School

Houston County High School is the name of several schools:
* Houston County High School (Alabama), Columbia, Alabama
* Houston County High School (Georgia), Warner Robins, Georgia
* Houston County High School (Tennessee), Erin, Tennessee
# Orectis

Orectis is a genus of litter moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Julius Lederer in 1857.

## Species

* Orectis euprepiata Dannehl, 1933
* Orectis massiliensis Millière, 1863
* Orectis proboscidata Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
# Horasanlı, Tavas

Horasanlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tavas, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 519 (2022).
# Horiike

Horiike (written: 堀池) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hideto Horiike (堀池 秀人, born 1949), Japanese architect
* Hiromitsu Horiike (堀池 洋充, born 1971), Japanese footballer
* Takumi Horiike (堀池 巧, born 1965), Japanese footballer
# Orly Klínger

Orly Klínger (born 10 October 1956) is an Ecuadorian footballer. He played in 22 matches for the Ecuador national football team from 1981 to 1985. He was also part of Ecuador's squad for the 1983 Copa América tournament.
# Benjamin Bradley

Benjamin Bradley may refer to:
* Benjamin Bradley (inventor) (1830–1904), American inventor
* Benjamin Franklin Bradley (1825–1897), politician in the Confederate States of America
* Benjamin Francis Bradley (1898–1957), British communist union leader
* Ben Bradley (politician) (born 1989), British Conservative Party politician
* Ben Bradley (Hollyoaks), a fictional character from the British soap Hollyoaks
* Ben Bradley (philosopher) (born 1971), American philosopher
# Canon de 105 modèle 1925/27 Schneider

The Canon de 105 modèle 1925/27 Schneider was a heavy field gun used by Greece during World War II. It was bought at the same time as the Canon de 85 modèle 1927 Schneider The Germans allotted this gun the designation of 10.5 cm Kanone 340(g), but it is unknown if they actually used them themselves.
# Honora dotella

Honora dotella is a species of snout moth in the genus Honora. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1910. It is found in the US along the coastal mountains of California, from Monterey County southward.
The length of the forewings is 8.5-12.5 mm.
# Minister for Veterans (Western Australia)

Minister for Veterans Issues is a position in the government of Western Australia, currently held by Paul Papalia of the Labor Party. The position was first created after the 2013 state election, for the government of Colin Barnett. The minister is responsible for the state government's Veterans Advisory Council.
For a period after World War I, in the governments of Hal Colebatch and James Mitchell, there was a Minister for Repatriation, who had broadly similar duties to the current minister.

## List of veterans ministers

| Term start | Term end | Minister | Party |
| 21 March 2013 | 17 March 2017 | Joe Francis | Liberal |
| 17 March 2017 | 19 March 2021 | Peter Tinley | Labor |
| 19 March 2021 | incumbent | Paul Papalia | Labor |

## List of repatriation ministers

| Term start | Term end | Minister | Party | Party |
| 17 April 1919 | 15 April 1924 | James Mitchell | | Nationalist |
# Caligari Corporation

Caligari Corporation was founded in 1985 by Roman Ormandy. A prototype 3D video animation package for the Amiga Computer, which led to the incorporation of Octree Software was released in 1986. From 1988 to 1992, Octree released several software packages including Caligari1, Caligari2, Caligari Broadcast, and Caligari 24. Ormandy wanted to provide inexpensive yet professional industrial video and corporate presentation software. In 1993, Octree Software moved from New York to California and became known as Caligari Corporation. In 1994 trueSpace 1.0 was introduced on the Windows platform. In early 2008, the company was acquired by Microsoft.
On 21 May 2009, Caligari announced that Microsoft would cease to provide support for Caligari trueSpace. The website and forums were affected, and some services ceased to operate from May 22, 2009.
# Bruzón

Bruzon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Bruzon (1938–2013), Gibraltarian politician
* Lázaro Bruzón (born 1982), Cuban chess grandmaster
* Óscar Bruzón (born 1977), Spanish footballer and manager
# Benedetto

Benedetto is a common Italian name, the equivalent of the English name Benedict. Notable people named Benedetto include:

## People with the given name

* Benedetto Accolti (disambiguation), several people
* Benedetto Aloi (1935–2011), American mobster
* Benedetto Antelami (c. 1150–c. 1230), Italian architect and sculptor
* Benedetto Bonfigli (c. 1420–c. 1490), Italian painter
* Benedetto Bordone (1460–1531), Italian manuscript editor, miniaturist and cartographer
* Benedetto Brin (1833–1898), Italian naval administrator and politician
* Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889), Italian statesman
* Benedetto Castelli (1578–1643), Italian mathematician
* Benedetto Cotrugli (1416–1469), Ragusan merchant, economist, scientist, diplomat and humanist
* Benedetto Croce (1866–1952), Italian philosopher and politician
* Benedetto da Maiano (1442–1497), Italian sculptor
* Benedetto Della Vedova (born 1962), Italian politician
* Benedetto Dei (1417–1492), Italian poet and historian
* Benedetto Ferrari (c. 1600–1681), Italian composer
* Benedetto I Zaccaria (c. 1230–1307), Italian admiral
* Benedetto Justiniani (1550–1622), Italian theologian
* Benedetto Luti (1666–1724), Italian painter
* Benedetto Marcello (1686–1739), Italian composer, writer, advocate, magistrate, and teacher
* Benedetto Pistrucci (1783–1855), Italian engraver
* Benedetto Santapaola (born 1938), Italian mafioso
* Benedetto Spera (born 1934), Italian mafioso
* Benedetto Stay (1714–1801), Croatian Roman Catholic churchman
* Benedetto Varchi (c. 1500–1565), Italian humanist, historian, and poet

## People with the middle name

* Antonio Benedetto Carpano (1764–1815), Italian distiller
* Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (1609–1664), Italian artist, painter, printmaker, and draftsman
* Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo (1786–1842), Italian saint
* Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino (1672–1742), Italian poet

## People with the surname

* Anthony Dominick Benedetto (born 1926-2023), Italian-American singer
* Darío Benedetto, (born 1990) Argentine professional footballer
* Enzo Benedetto (1905-1993), Italian painter
* Giacomo Benedetto (born 1972), British-Italian political scientist
* John Benedetto (born 1939), American mathematician
* Robert Benedetto (born 1946), American luthier
# Benin–Niger border

The Benin–Niger border is 277 km (172 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Burkina Faso in the west to the tripoint with Nigeria in the east.

## Description

The Benin–Niger border starts in the north-west at the tripoint with Burkina Faso in the Mékrou River, then follows this river in a north-eastwards direction before reaching the Niger River. The border then follows the Niger River south-eastwards to the Nigerian tripoint. The entire Mékrou river section of the boundary falls within the trans-border W National Park, home to numerous species such as hippos and elephants. Furthermore, the Nigerien side of the Niger river section is protected as the Dosso Reserve, which protects one of the last remaining populations of West African giraffe.

## History

The 1880s saw an intense competition between the European powers for territories in Africa, a process known as the Scramble for Africa. This culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward. As a result of this France gained control of the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger). France began occupying the area of modern Benin from 1893, later naming it Dahomey; the area encompassing the territory of modern Niger was conquered in 1900. Both areas came the control of the federal colony of French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, abbreviated AOF). The rivers Niger and Mékrou were confirmed as forming the boundary between Niger and Dahomey in a French statute of 27 October 1938.
As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for its African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community. In August 1960 both Niger and Dahomey (renamed Benin in 1975) gained full independence, and their mutual frontier became an international one between two sovereign states.
Since independence there were a number of disputes over the precise allocation of 24 riverine islands, most notably Lété Island, none of which had been covered by the colonial-era boundary agreement. The two states forwarded the case to the International Court of Justice in 2001; in 2005 the ICJ adjudicated on the matter, awarding 16 islands to Niger and nine to Benin.

## Settlements
### Benin

* Pékinga
* Compa
* Karimama
* Malanville
* Mandécali

### Niger

* Koulou
* Sia
* Tenda
* Tara
* Gaya

## Border crossings

The main border crossing is located at Malanville (Benin)-Gaya (Niger). It is also possible to travel via the W National Park, where the border itself is open.
# Jake Caster

Jake Caster is an American professional wake surfer and was the 2017 world champion in Men's Pro Skim Division.

## Career

Jake Caster attended Westford Academy for high school in Westford, Massachusetts. In 2016 Caster placed first in the Outlaw Skim division of the USA National Championships in Pine Mountain, Georgia. He then became world champion in the Outlaw Skim division at the World Wake Surfing Championships in 2016 held in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He also placed third in the Surf division. Following the competition, his semi-pro category world ranking rose from twentieth to first, and he moved to the professional category the following season. During the season he also placed second in world's first pro indoor wake surfing competition.
In 2017, Caster won the Centurion World Wake Surfing Championship held in Kelowna, British Columbia, becoming the world champion in Men's Pro Skim Division. During the season he also started his online wake surfing company Live-Wicked.com. In 2018 season, Caster placed third in points on the pro wake surfing category of the 2018 Supra Boats Pro Wakeboard Tour. He also placed 2nd at the 2018 World Wake Surfing Championship in men's pro skim division.