OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monts Dore

The Monts Dore (French pronunciation:) are the remnant peaks of a volcanic massif situated near the center of the Massif Central, in the Auvergne region of France. They form a picturesque mountainous region, dotted with lakes, thermal springs and romanesque churches. The massif is an integral part of the Parc des Volcans d'Auvergne, and is known for its alpine ski areas and hiking trails.

## Geology

The massif is much older than the nearby chaîne des Puys, dating to the end of the Tertiary era. It is a deeply eroded stratovolcano, similar to the Cantal massif to the south, but more reduced in area and volume. Its history began about 3 million years ago with a Plinian eruption that created a large caldera, the contours of which are no longer clearly defined. This eruption resulted in the emission of ignimbrite rhyolitic pumice that covered over 100 km$^2$ (39 sq mi) of land. Afterwards, phonolite domes were created on the exterior of the caldera. A period of calm lasting between 1 and 1.5 million years ensued, succeeded by a second major eruptive period that formed the modern Puy de Sancy, the highest peak in the Massif Central, followed by the establishment of smaller domes, dikes, and maars.
The region is dotted with lakes of volcanic origin. Some are maars that have been filled with water, while others are the result of streams whose courses have been blocked by volcanic activity.
# Menherion

Menherion is a farm in the parish of Stithians in Cornwall, England. Menherion is west of Stithians churchtown. Menherion is also the name of a hamlet in Cornwall.
# Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Khowai

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Khowai or locally known as JNV R.C. Ghat or JNV Khowai is a boarding, co-educational school in Khowai district of Tripura state in India. Navodaya Vidyalayas are funded by the Indian Ministry of Human Resources Development and administered by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti, an autonomous body under the ministry.

## History

The school was established in 1988, and is a part of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya schools. This school is administered and monitored by Shillong regional office of Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti.

## Admission

Admission to JNV Khowai at class VI level is made through selection test conducted by Navodaya Vidyalaya Smiti, which is known as Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Selection Test (JNVST). The information about test is disseminated and advertised in district by the office of Khowai district magistrate (Collector), who is also chairperson of Vidyalaya Management Committee.
Admission period is basically from June to August in every year.
Both the science and humanities streams are available in class XI and XII
For smooth functioning of the school, students have been allotted different houses under the care of House Masters/ Mistresses and Associates House Masters/ Mistresses.

## Affiliations

JNV Khowai is affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education with affiliation number 2040001.

## Campus

Mainly situated at Ramchandra Ghat, Khowai Tripura. The campus is spread in 30 Acre of land. Separate hostels are available for boys and girls with proper facilities.
# Burfitt

Burfitt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brooke Burfitt (born 1988), British actress and radio presenter
* Louise Burfitt-Dons (born 1953), British novelist, humanitarian, and politician
* Nicholas Burfitt (born 1966), British rower
# Mamo Clark

Marguerite Mamo Clark (December 6, 1914 – December 18, 1986), sometimes billed as Mamo, was an American actress and author.

## Early life

Marguerite Mamo Clark was born on December 6, 1914, in Honolulu, Hawaii. On July 1, 1933, Clark sailed to the mainland United States on the SS Malolo with her stepmother, May Kaaolani Clark, and father, Joseph Kealakaimana Clark. Her stepmother was the daughter of John Adams Cummins. Her biological mother was Evelina Mahoe. Both her mother and stepmother were descendants of 15th-century Hawaiian chief Liloa and distant relatives of Kamehameha I.

## Film career

She made her film debut in a featured role in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) as Miamiti, Fletcher Christian's (Clark Gable) wife in the film. The following year she appeared in the serial Robinson Crusoe of Clipper Island as a Polynesian princess. In 1937, she appeared with Mutiny on the Bounty co-star Movita in The Hurricane. Clark played roles in several B-pictures with Pacific Island settings, for instance Hawaii Calls (1938).
One Million B.C. (1940) provided her with a substantial role as the "Queen of the Rock Tribe" appearing with Lon Chaney Jr. The same year she appeared in the film The Girl From God's Country. She retired from films after a minor role in the Marlene Dietrich and John Wayne film Seven Sinners (1940).

## Personal life

Clark married U.S. Army Captain James Rawley and had a son, James Rawley Jr. After marriage, she retired from show business and went back to school, earning a degree from UCLA in 1965.
Clark died on December 18, 1986.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1935 | Mutiny on the Bounty | Maimiti | |
| 1936 | Robinson Crusoe of Clipper Island | Princess Melani | |
| 1937 | The Hurricane | Hitia | |
| 1937 | Wallaby Jim of the Islands | Lana | |
| 1938 | Hawaii Calls | Hina | |
| 1938 | Air Devils | Lolano | |
| 1938 | Booloo | Native Girl | |
| 1938 | Mutiny on the Blackhawk | Mamo | |
| 1940 | One Million B.C. | Nupondi | |
| 1940 | Girl from God's Country | Mrs. Bearfat Tillicoot | |
| 1940 | Seven Sinners | Native Girl at Antro's Table | Uncredited |
# Glendale College

Glendale College may refer to:
* Glendale Community College (disambiguation)
* Glendale Career College
# Glue (disambiguation)

Glue is any fluid adhesive.
Glue or GLUE may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Film and television

* Glue (film), a 2006 Argentine film written and directed by Alexis Dos Santos
* Glue (TV series), a 2014 British television drama by Jack Thorne
* "Glue" (New Girl), an episode of the American television sitcom
* "Glue" (Weeds), an episode of the American dark comedy-drama television series

### Music

* Glue (Eugene + the Lizards album), 2009
* Glue (Boston Manor album), 2020
* "Glue", a song from the 2010 Ten by Gabriella Cilmi
* "Glue", a song by Bicep from their 2017 album Bicep
* "Glue", a song by Breathe Carolina from their 2017 EP Coma
* Glue, a hip-hop trio fronted by Adeem (rapper)
* "Glue" a 2023 song by Beabadoobee

### Other arts

* Glue (novel), by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh

## Science and technology

* Glue logic, circuitry to interface between off-the-shelf integrated circuits
* GLUE (uncertainty assessment), a method to quantify the uncertainty of model predictions
* Glue semantics, a syntax-semantics interface formalism based on linear logic
* Quotient space (topology) or gluing spaces, gluing points or subspaces together

### Computing

* Glue records, records used in the Domain Name System
* General Language Understanding Evaluation, a benchmark in Natural Language Understanding
* Grid Laboratory Uniform Environment, a technology-agnostic information model for a uniform representation of Grid resources
* glue (software), a data-visualization package
* Glue code, code that allows components to interoperate
* Glue language, a programming language used for connecting software components together
* webMethods Glue, an enterprise web services platform
# Chuspa

Chuspa is a village in the Venezuelan state of Vargas. The village is mainly a fishermen's location with some tourist attractions. It is connected through a coast road with La Guaira and Higuerote. The town is located at the side of the Chuspa river.

## History

Conquistador Francisco Fajardo arrived to this place in 1555 in his quest to control the Caracas region. Cocoa plantations were established in the Chuspa Valley during the Colonial time. During the 17th century plantation owners brought in African slaves in increasing numbers. The Chuspa region had about 200000 cocoa trees by the second half of the 19th century.
On 18 November 1813 a sea battle between the pro-independence and the Spanish forces took place between Puerto Francés and Chuspa. The pro-independence troops, led by Manuel Piar, ended up defeating the royalists.

## Infrastructure
### Tourism

There is a small port used by fishermen and small tourist companies. Several hostels and restaurants can be found over the place. There is a 230-metre long beach in front of Chuspa. Tourists can hire a boat and reach within 10 to 15 minutes larger beaches like Caribe, Los Indios, Capino and Mono Manso in Miranda state. There is an internet café.

### Education and culture

Chuspa has a school and a kindergarten. It also has a public library.
# Herbert Fleischmann

Herbert Fleischmann (1925–1984) was a German film and television actor. He was married several times including to the actress Ruth Leuwerik.

## Partial filmography

* Barbara (1961) as Gabriel
* Durchbruch Lok 234 [de] (1963) as Dr. Konetzki
* Der Kardinal von Spanien (1965) as Herzog von Estival
* The Investigation [de] (1966, TV film) as Prosecuting Attorney
* Kopfstand, Madam! [de] (1967) as Robert Hendrich
* The Girl from Rio (1969) as Carl
* Hate Is My God (1969) as Alex Carter
* Maximilian von Mexiko (1970, TV Series) as Sir Charles Wyke
* Hauser's Memory (1970, TV Movie) as Werner Renner
* The Bordello (1971) as Leopold Grün
* Und Jimmy ging zum Regenbogen (1971) as Jean Mercier
* Captain Typhoon [de] (1971) as Nico
* Love Is Only a Word (1971) as Manfred Angenfort
* Der Kommissar (1971-1975, TV Series) as Dr. Schneider / Alwin Schenk / Willi Kaiser
* The Stuff That Dreams Are Made Of (1972) as Bertie Engelhardt
* Sonderdezernat K1 (1972, TV Series) as Dr. Robert Steenkamp
* All People Will Be Brothers (1973) as Police Inspector Eilers
* ...aber Jonny! [fr] (1973) as Frantzen
* Zinksärge für die Goldjungen [de] (1973) as Otto Westermann
* Three Men in the Snow (1974) as Zenkel
* Only the Wind Knows the Answer (1974) as Gustav Brandenburg
* Derrick (1974-1984, TV Series) as Dr. Wolfgang Rohm / Professor Joachim von Haidersfeld Alfred Answald / Mahler / Ernst Windorf / Herr Ludemann / Broll (final appearance)
* Crime After School (1975) as Alexander Gregor
* Lobster [de] (1976, TV Mini-Series) as Rolf Klein
* Es muss nicht immer Kaviar sein (1977, TV Series) as Major Loos
* Die Kette [de] (1977, TV Mini-Series) as Chief Inspector Hal Yardley
* Tatort (1978, TV Series) as Peter Huck, ihr Mann
* Die Protokolle des Herrn M. (1979, TV Series) as Walter Mannhardt
* Der Fuchs von Övelgönne (1981, TV Series) as Herbert Niessen
* The Old Fox: Tote Lumpen jagt man nicht (1982, TV Series) as Bodo Lammers
# Manchester School of Acting

The Manchester School of Acting is a drama school that provides training in film, television and theatre and operates in the Deansgate area of Manchester, United Kingdom established in 2000.

## History

Manchester School of Acting was founded by the actor Mark Hudson in 2000 he eventually moved into television producing for the BBC the school's follows an American approach to drama training consistent with that such as naturalism and others. The school offers acting courses focused towards Film, Television and Theatre.

## Courses

Include:
* MSA Diploma in Acting
* MSA Advanced Diploma in Acting

## Additional classes

Include.
* Accent Reduction
* Archetypes
* Audition technique (theatre)
* Audition technique (TV)
* Audition technique (film)
* Dialect
* Movement and Posture
* Self-taping dialect
* Showreel preparation
* The business of being an actor

## Notable alumni

Include:
* Dean Andrews
* Warren Brown
* Kelly Condron
* Keith Duffy
* Miles Higson
* Rob James-Collier
* Amy James-Kelly
* Suranne Jones
* Michelle Keegan
* Sally Lindsay
* Phil Mealey
* Nico Mirallegro
* Kieron Moore
* Sinéad Moynihan
* Sophie McShera
* Gemma Merna
* Debbie Rush
# Guy Hockley

Guy Wittenoom Hockley (16 February 1869 - 16 September 1946) was Archdeacon of Cornwall from 1925 until his death.
He was born in Malden, Surrey, to Julius Joseph Hockley and Emma Annie Mary Darby. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford and ordained in 1893. After curacies at Hawarden and Westminster he was Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Worcester from 1903 until 1905; and the Bishop of Birmingham from 1905 until 1906. He was Vicar of St Saviour, Hoxton from 1906 until 1908 and then of St Matthew's, Westminster from 1908 until 1914. He was Rector of Heathfield, Somerset from 1914 to 1916. He was Rural Dean of North Liverpool from 1916 to 1925.
He died in Truro unmarried, aged 77.
# Glendale Colony, South Dakota

Glendale Colony is a census-designated place (CDP) and Hutterite colony in Spink County, South Dakota, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. The population of the CDP was 176 at the 2020 census.
It is in the southern part of the county, on the east side of the James River. It is 7 miles (11 km) by road south of Frankfort and 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Redfield, the county seat.
# Moses effect

In physics, the Moses effect is a phenomenon of deformation of the surface of a diamagnetic liquid by a magnetic field. The effect was named after the biblical figure Moses, inspired by the mythological crossing of the Red Sea in the Old Testament.
The rapid progress in the development of neodymium magnets, supplying magnetic fields as high as c. 1 T, allows simple and inexpensive experiments related to the Moses effect and its visualization. The application of magnetic fields on the order of magnitude of 0.5-1 T results in the formation of the near-surface "well" with a depth of dozens of micrometers. In contrast, the surface of a paramagnetic liquid is raised by the magnetic field. This effect is called as the inverse Moses effect. It is usually latently suggested that the shape of the well arises from the interplay of magnetic force and gravity and the shape of the near-surface well is given by the following equation:
    $h(r)={\frac {\chi |\mathbf {B} (r)|^{2}}{2\rho g\mu _{0}}}$
where χ and ρ are the magnetic susceptibility and density of the liquid respectively, B is the magnetic field, g is the gravity acceleration, and μ$_0$ is the magnetic permittivity of vacuum. Actually, the shape of the near surface well depends also on the surface tension of the liquid. The Moses effect enables trapping of floating diamagnetic particles and formation of micro-patterns. The application of a magnetic field (B≅0.5 T) on diamagnetic liquid/vapor interfaces enables the driving of floating diamagnetic bodies and soap bubbles.
# Kathleen Kerrigan

Kathleen Kerrigan may refer to:
* Kathleen Kerrigan (judge)
* Kathleen Kerrigan (actress)
# Church of Canada

Church of Canada may refer to:
* Religion in Canada
* Christianity in Canada
* United Church of Canada
# Meng Tingyi

Meng Tingyi (Chinese 蒙亭宜) is a Chinese film actress.

## Awards

In 2010 Meng won an award for her performance in a short film August 15th, based on a true story about a bus hijacking.

## Filmography

* Crimes of Passion (2013)
* Dot 2 Dot (2014)
* Who Is Undercover (2014)
* Royalty in Blood (2015)
# Jarville-la-Malgrange

Jarville-la-Malgrange (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
The Château de la Malgrange was a ducal residence of the House of Lorraine here.
# Charlottetown (soil series)

Charlottetown soil series is the name given to a deep fine sandy loam soil which has developed under forest vegetation on glacial till. This series occurs only on Prince Edward Island, where it is widespread and so important for agriculture that it has been designated as the Provincial Soil.
This soil is an Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol in the Canadian soil classification system. It has good moisture-holding capacity and is well drained. It warms quickly in the spring; this is an important virtue in a region where spring comes late. It is easy to work and is not excessively stony. Few other Podzols, or other Prince Edward Island soils, have the same desirable traits as the Charlottetown.
Like all Podzols, the Charlottetown is strongly acidic unless it is limed. It is largely used to grow potatoes, which depend on the Charlottetown's natural acidity to produce scab-free yields. It is also noted for its vivid red color for which Prince Edward Island is famous.
# Maneej Premnath

Maneej Premnath was a film director concentrating on Bollywood films.

## Career

Premnath started his career as an assistant director and worked for many TV series like Ssshhhh...Koi Hai. His short film Who Am I ? was India's official entry in the 2008 Kara Film Festival. Later he worked as associate of Ram Gopal Varma and became independent director with the Hindi film, The Waiting Room starring Radhika Apte.

## Filmography

* The Waiting Room (2010)
* Ssshhhh...Koi Hai (television series) (as assistant director)
* Who Am I ? (2008) (short film)

## Death

Unfortunately, Premnath succumbed to brain stroke and the news was a shocker for the industry insiders as he has already signed contract to direct a Malayalam film scheduled to start in December 2012.
# Henry Stuart

Henry Stuart may refer to:

## Members of the Royal House of Stuart

* Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1545–1567), King Consort of Scotland, cousin and second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, father of James VI of Scotland
* Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1594–1612), elder brother of Charles I of England and Prince of Wales from 1603 to 1612
* Henry Benedict Stuart (1725–1807), known as Cardinal Duke of York and King Henry IX, younger brother of Bonnie Prince Charlie
* Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester (1640–1660), Protestant younger brother of Charles II and James II of England

## Others

* Henry Stuart (MP) (1804–1854), English MP for Bedford
* Henry Stuart (priest) (1864–1933), Anglican Dean of Carlisle
* Henry Carter Stuart (1855–1933), early twentieth century governor of Virginia
* Henry Stuart (actor) (1885–1942), British-Swiss film actor
* Henry Stuart (Australian politician) (1853–1910), New South Wales politician
# Gmina Tarnawatka

Gmina Tarnawatka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Tarnawatka, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Tomaszów Lubelski and 98 km (61 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
The gmina covers an area of 82.66 square kilometres (31.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,050 (4,031 in 2013).

## Villages

Gmina Tarnawatka contains the villages and settlements of Dąbrowa Tarnawacka, Górka, Gromada, Hatczyska, Hatczyska-Kolonia, Huta Tarnawacka, Kaliszaki, Klocówka, Kocia Wólka, Kolonia Klocówka, Kunówka, Łanowe Sołtysy, Niemirówek, Niemirówek-Kolonia, Pańków, Pauczne, Petrynówka, Podhucie, Pucharki, Skrzypny Ostrów, Sumin, Suminek, Tarnawatka, Tarnawatka-Tartak, Tymin, Wieprzów Ordynacki, Wieprzów Tarnawacki and Zaolzie.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Tarnawatka is bordered by the gminas of Krasnobród, Krynice, Rachanie and Tomaszów Lubelski.
# Kathleen Kenealy

Kathleen Alice Kenealy is an American attorney and politician who served 21 days as Acting Attorney General of California in 2017. She took office after Kamala Harris resigned to take her seat in the United States Senate. Kenealy was succeeded by Xavier Becerra, after the California State Legislature confirmed his appointment as the state's new attorney general. She attended George Mason University for her bachelor's degree and the Columbus School of Law at Catholic University of America for her Juris Doctor.
# Christopher William Codrington

Sir Christopher William Codrington (12 March 1805 – 24 June 1864), of Dodington, Gloucestershire, was a Conservative British MP for East Gloucestershire between 7 August 1834 and 24 June 1864 and a landowner in Gloucestershire.

## Early life

Codrington was the eldest son of Christopher Bethell-Codrington (1764–1843) and the former Hon. Harriet Foley (d. 1843). His father had inherited Dodington Park in Gloucestershire from a relative who disinherited his son; he was required to change his name to Bethell-Codrington (thus his son is also sometimes known as Christopher Bethell-Codrington).
His paternal grandfather was Edward Codrington. His maternal grandparents were Thomas Foley, 2nd Baron Foley of Kidderminster and the former Lady Henrietta Stanhope (herself daughter of the Earl of Harrington). Through his maternal grandmother, Codrington was thus connected to the earls of Sefton, the barons Penrhyn and landed gentry families.

## Career

Codrington was first elected to the House of Commons in a by-election on 7 August 1834, to replace Sir Berkeley Guise, 2nd Baronet, who had died on 23 July 1834, as one of the two members for the East Gloucestershire parliamentary constituency. He was re-elected on 10 January 1835, on 5 July 1841, on 27 February 1847 (with his young brother-in-law the Marquess of Worcester), in 1852 again with Worcester. When Worcester's father died in 1853, he became 8th Duke of Beaufort and was translated to the House of Lords. His seat was then filled briefly by Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, 8th Baronet between 9 January 1854 and 29 November 1854 when Hicks-Beach died. A second by-election on 19 December 1854 resulted in the election of Robert Stayner Holford, a wealthy landowner and dilettante, as the second member. Codrington and Holford represented East Gloucestershire for the next ten years, until Codrington's own death in 1864.

## Personal life

In 1836, Codrington married Lady Georgiana Charlotte Anne Somerset (1817–1884), second daughter of Henry Somerset, 7th Duke of Beaufort, and younger daughter by his first wife Georgiana Frederica Fitzroy (d. 1821), a niece of the Duke of Wellington. Georgiana's paternal ancestors included the Schuyler family, the Van Cortlandt family and the Delancey family of British North America. Together, they were the parents of:
* Sir Gerald William Henry Codrington, 1st Baronet (1850–1929), who married his first half-cousin maternally, Lady Edith Henrietta Sybil Denison, daughter of William Denison, 1st Earl of Londesborough and Lady Edith Somerset (youngest daughter of the 7th Duke of Beaufort), in 1887.
* Captain George John Granville Christopher Codrington (1855–1932), who fought in the Boer War in 1900, and was awarded the Coronation Medal in 1911.
* Alice Emily Georgiana Olivia Codrington (d. 1920), who married Sir Henry Mervyn Vavasour, 3rd Baronet, of Spalington, son and heir of Sir Henry Vavasour, 2nd Baronet, in 1891.
Sir Christopher died on 24 June 1864. His elder son Gerald was created a baronet in 1876.
# Nuptial pad

A nuptial pad (also known as thumb pad, or nuptial excrescence) is a secondary sex characteristic present on some mature male frogs and salamanders. Triggered by androgen hormones, this breeding gland (a type of mucous gland) appears as a spiked epithelial swelling on the forearm and prepollex that aids with grip, which is used primarily by males to grasp (or clasp) females during amplexus. They can also be used in male–male combat in some species.

## Historical background

Austrian biologist Paul Kammerer experimented on midwife toads' nuptial pads. He used the offspring's apparent enlargening from generation-to-generation as evidence of Lamarckian evolution.

## Examples

Many amphibian species manifest nuptial pads for use in amplexus, an example being the rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa.
# Mandaljena

Mandaljena is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 361.
# Bulta Union

Bulta Union is a union, the smallest administrative body of Bangladesh, located in Rupganj Upazila, Narayanganj District, Bangladesh. The total population is 32,182.