# Mayamalavagowla

Mayamalavagowla (pronounced māyāmāḻavagauḻa) is a raga of Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is classified as 15th melakarta raga under Venkatamakhin's melakarta system. Originally known as malavagowla, "maya" was prefixed to it after the advent of the scheme of the 72 melas. The number 15 was assigned to it following the Katapayadi sankhya system. This is a morning raga.

## Structure and Lakshana

Venkatamakhin defines its lakshana thus:
pūrṇō māḻavagouḻākhyaḥ sa grahō gīyatē sadā
Mayamalavagowla is the 3rd raga in the 3rd chakra, Agni. Its mnemonic name is Agni-Go. Its mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu ma pa dha nu. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows, but instead of labeling the 3 Ga-s and the 3 Ni-s using {1,2,3}, some authors have used {0,1,2} instead. (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
* ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₃ Ṡ
* avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S
The notes in this raga are ṣaḍjam, śuddha r̥ṣabham, antara gāndhāram, śuddha madhyamam, pañcamam, śuddha dhaivatam and kākalī niṣādam. As it is a mēḷakarttā rāgam, by definition it is a sampurna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the śuddha madhyamam equivalent of Kamavardhini (also known as Pantuvarāḷi), which is the 51st in the mēḷakarttā scale.
The gamakas in the raga are unique in that conversely to the G-M relationship in Śankarābharaṇaṃ, G is sung in oscillation (M,G M,G M,G) while M is held constant. There is no bold M-P gamaka as in Śankarābharaṇaṃ as well. R and D are also usually sung in oscillation with S and P respectively, making the only constant notes S, M, and P. Of course, these rules are occasionally broken for effect (e.g., holding N flat before ascending to S).

## Nature of raga

This auspicious raga evokes śānta (peace) rasa and pathos. It creates a soothing effect, suitable to sing at all times, particularly, the first prātaḥ-sandhyā-kālaṃ (dawn). It is commonly used for beginners' lessons such as Sarali Varisais or Sarala Svarās (Kannada), etc. Since it eschews vivadi swaras (relatively discordant notes), has a uniform distance between svara sthānas (relative position of notes) and has symmetry, they are easier to learn. It is an ancient rāgam.
It is a Sampurna raga. Also, it is a sarva svara gamaka vārika rakti rāga. It has a large number of janya ragas (derived scales) assigned to it. This rāgam corresponds to Bhairav in Hindustani music. It is called as a "rakti" raga because of its high melodic content.
It is also defined as a mūrcana kāraka méLa since it can be used for Graha bhedam on madhyamam and rishabham to result in Simhendramadhyamam and Rasikapriya respectively. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the Shruti (or drone) to another note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Māyamālavagowla.

## Janya ragams

Mayamalavagowla has quite a few janya ragams associated with it, of which Bowli, Jaganmohini, Gowla, Gowlipantu, Lalita, Nadanamakriya, Revagupti, Saveri and Malahari are quite well known. See List of janya Ragas for a full list of janyas.

## Popular compositions

All the basic swara exercises (Sarala, Janti, Daatu, etc.) are set to the Mayamalavagowla raga. These are learnt by beginners in Carnatic music. It is commonly used in the basics, credited to Purandara Dasa's work in his time, when he did much work towards standardizing the teaching of Carnatic music into a fully graded system. Lambodara lakumikara by Purandaradasa is generally used for this raga. The first mini-songs (geetam) that are taught after the completion of basic exercises are set to Malahari, a janya of Mayamalavagowla. Muthuswami Dikshitar's famous gouḻānta kritis (eight compositions with their raga names ending as gowla), on Goddess Nilothpalamba has māyāmāḻavagouḻa for one of them.
Some of the popular compositions in Mayamalavagowla are Deva Deva composed by Swathi Thirunal and Adikkondar by Muthu Thandavar. A list of popular compositions in Mayamalalavagowla is as follows.
* Varṇaṃ – śrī rājarājēśvari – [Unknown Composer]
* Tulasī-daḻamulacē Saṃtōṣamuga – Tyagaraja in Telugu
* Mēru-samāna-dhira – Tyagaraja in Telugu
* Rakṣimpavē – Tyagaraja in Telugu
* Dēvī Śrī tulasammā – Tyagaraja in Telugu
* Vidulaku Mrokkeda – Tyagaraja in Telugu
* Dēva Dēva Kalayāmi – Swathi Thirunal
* Kailāsa nilaya dayāsāgara - Mahesh Mahadev in Sanskrit
* Māyātīta Svarūpiṇi – Ponnaiyya Pillai (Direct Disciple of Muthuswami Dikshitar) in Sanskrit
* Śrīnāthādi Guruguho jayati – Muthuswami Dikshitar (The very first composition of Muthuswami Dikshitar) in Sanskrit
* Śyāmalāmbikē pāhi māṃ – Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
* ādityaṃ dēvādi-dēvaṃ akhilāṇḍa-nāthaṃ āśrayē – Muthiah Bhagavatar
* Dina-maṇi-vaṃśa dīna-janāvana – Muthiah Bhagavatar
* Hara mṛtyuñjaya ambikā-nāyaka hari kamalāsana – Muthiah Bhagavatar
* Popular Adithala Varnam- Sarasija-nābha – Swathi Thirunal
* Ambā yuvati jaganmātē akhila-janani dayānidhē – Ashok R Madhav
* Avadh sukhdāyi bājē badhāyī ratan simhāsan par – Swathi Thirunal
* Bhaja rē mānasa vraja-bālaṃ – Swarajāti – H Yoganarasimhan
* Caraṇaṃ śaraṇaṃ ayyappā – Ganapati Sacchidananda
* Cintayāmi santataṃ – G Sampath
* Cintaye'haṃ jānaki-kāntaṃ santataṃ cintitārtha – Mysore Vasudevacharya
* Daśaratha-nandana – Mysore Vasudevacharya
* Daasoham Tava Daasoham By Jagannatha Dasa
* Dēva-dēveśa – R K Suryanarayana
* Dēva-dēvōttama – Govindacharya
* Dēvi kāmākṣi para-śiva-dēhārtha – Ogirala Viraraghava Sharma
* Durgā lakṣmi sarasvati – Lalita Venkataraman
* Kāmākṣīṃ kamalākṣīṃ – R K Padmanabha
* Jaya jagadisha hare – from eulogy composed by Jayadeva
* Krpakari shankari karunakari kapalishvari – Rukmini Ramani
* Mantra svarupam – Bangalore S Mukund
* Kshira jaladhi niketana – Pallavur Mani Iyer
* Kshira sagara shayana raksha shara nivasini – Jayachamaraja wodeyar
* Maya mohini maheshvari – Mangalam Ganapati
* Kaladevathe Saraswathi – V. Dakshinamoorthy
* Varṇaṃ – guri tappaka pūjiṃcitini from Janakaraga Varna Manjari – Nallan Chakravarthy Murthy
This raga has also been very popularly used in film music. Numerous well recognized songs have been set in this raga. Ilayaraja has composed many hit songs in this raga.

### Tamil film songs

| Song | Movie | Year | Lyricist | Composer | Singer |
| Pannedum Naalaai | Sakuntalai | 1940 | Papanasam Sivan | Thuraiyur Rajagopala Sarma | M. S. Subbulakshmi |
| Azhagaana Ponnu Naan | Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum | 1956 | A. Maruthakasi | Susarla Dakshinamurthi | Bhanumathi Ramakrishna |
| Kalellam Maanika Kalaguma | Aalayamani | 1962 | Kannadasan | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy | T. M. Soundararajan |
| Solladi Abirami | Aathi Parasakthi | 1971 | Kannadasan | K. V. Mahadevan | T. M. Soundararajan |
| Anthapuratthil Oru | Dheepam | 1977 | Pulamaipithan | Ilaiyaraaja | T. M. Soundararajan, S. Janaki |
| Ullukulla Chakaravarthy | Panakkaran | 1990 | Ilaiyaraaja | Ilaiyaraaja | Ilaiyaraaja |
| En Thaayenum Koi | Aranmanai Kili | 1993 | Ponnadiyaan | Ilaiyaraaja | Ilaiyaraaja |
| Manjal Nilavuku | Muthal Iravu | | Kannadasan | Ilaiyaraaja | P. Jayachandran, P. Susheela |
| Uyire Uyire | Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam | 1988 | | Ilaiyaraaja | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki |
| Enna Senjalum | Azhagar Malai | 2009 | | Ilaiyaraaja | Tippu |
| Poongathavae | Nizhalgal | 1980 | Gangai Amaran | Ilaiyaraaja | Deepan Chakravarthy, Uma Ramanan |
| Madhura Marikolunthu | Enga Ooru Pattukaran | 1987 | Gangai Amaran | Ilaiyaraaja | Mano, Chitra |
| Mariyamma | Karakattakkaran | 1989 | Gangai Amaran | Ilaiyaraaja | Malaysia Vasudevan, Chitra |
| Kottukali | Chinnavar | 1992 | Gangai Amaran | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra |
| Poove Eduthu | Amman Kovil Kizhakale | 1986 | Gangai Amaran | Ilaiyaraaja | P. Jayachandran, S. Janaki |
| Anthi Varum Neram | Mundhanai Mudichu | 1983 | Gangai Amaran | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Vaanam Idi Idikka | Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen | 1992 | Piraisoodan | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Kadhal Maharani | Kadhal Parisu | 1987 | Muthulingam | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Sivakami Ninaipilae | Kilipetchu Ketkava | 1993 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Kuyila Pudichu | Chinna Thambi | 1991 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Raama Naamam | Sri Raghavendrar | 1985 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | K. J. Yesudas |
| Aaradi Chuvaru Thaan | Idhu Namma Bhoomi | 1992 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | K. J. Yesudas, Swarnalatha |
| Kottaiya Vittu | Chinna Thayee | 1992 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | Uma Ramanan, S. Janaki (Pathos), S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Masaru Ponnae Varuga | Thevar Magan | 1992 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | Minmini, Swarnalatha |
| Allah Un Anaipadi | Chandralekha | 1995 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | P. Unnikrishnan, Preethi Uttamsingh |
| Nandri Sollave unaku | Udan Pirappu | 1993 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha |
| Kadhal Kavithaigal | Gopura Vasalile | 1991 | Vaali | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra |
| Mookuthi Poo Melae | Mouna Geethangal | 1981 | Vaali | Gangai Amaran | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki |
| Sollayo Solaikilli | Alli Arjuna | 2002 | Vairamuthu | A. R. Rahman | S.P.Balasubramanyam, Swarnalatha |
| Kadhal Kavithai Paada | Ganam Courtar Avargale | 1988 | Vairamuthu | Devendran | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Vizhigalil Kodi Abinayam | Kan Simittum Neram | 1988 | Kalaivanan Kannadasan | V. S. Narasimhan | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Ilam Thendralo | Vasantha Malargal | | | Deva | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Manasum Manasum Kalanthathadi | Puthu vayal | | | Aravindh | Mano, Poornima Vijayan |
| Van Vanthu | Engal Thaikulame Varuga | | | Chandrabose | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki |
| Super Staru | Raja Chinna Roja | 1989 | Vairamuthu | Chandrabose | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,S. P. Sailaja |
| Therkupurama Oru Vasal | Pasakanal | | | S. A. Rajkumar | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra |
| Vanna Kaviyam | Pesuvathu Kiliya | | | Shankar–Ganesh | P. Jayachandran |
| Kadavul Vazhum | Oru Thalai Ragam | 1980 | T. Rajendar | T. Rajendar | | P. Jayachandran |
| Unakena Unakena | Vinnukum Mannukum | 2001 | P. Vijay | Sirpi | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sujatha |
| Azhage Un Gnabagam | Pavalakodi | 2003 | Palani Bharathi | Sirpi | O.S Arun |
| Manasu Rendum | Kaadhal Kondein | 2003 | Palani Bharathi | Yuvan Shankar Raja | Shankar Mahadevan |
| Puli Urumudhu | Vettaikaaran | 2009 | Kabilan | Vijay Antony | Ananthu, Mahesh Vinayakram |
| Thaai Thindra Mannae | Aayirathil Oruvan | 2010 | Vairamuthu | G. V. Prakash Kumar | Vijay Yesudas, Nithyasree Mahadevan, Shri Krishna |

### Telugu film songs

| Song | Movie | Year | Author | Composer | Singer |
| Evaru Chesina Kharma | Keelu Gurram | 1949 | Tapi Dharmarao | Ghantasala | Ghantasala |
| E Nimushaniki Emi Jaruguno | Lava Kusa | 1963 | Kosaraju | Ghantasala | Ghantasala |
| Yamaho Nee Yama Yama | Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari | 1990 | Veturi | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Chamaku Chamaku Cham | Kondaveeti Donga | 1990 | Veturi | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Nandikoda Vaagullona | Geethanjali | 1989 | Veturi | Ilaiyaraaja | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Maa Paapaalu Tholaginchu | Shri Shirdi Saibaba Mahatyam | | Aatreya | Ilaiyaraaja | K. J. Yesudas |
| Abba Dani Soku | Vamsanikokkadu | 1996 | Bhuvana Chandra | Raj–Koti | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |

### Malayalam film songs

| Song | Movie | Year | Author | Composer | Singer |
| Raajamathangi Parvathy | Bharatham | 1991 | Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri | Raveendran | M. Balamuralikrishna, K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra |
| Pavanarachezhuthunna | Vietnam Colony | 1992 | Bichu Thirumala | S. Balakrishnan | Minmini |
| Oru Chiri Kandal | Ponmudipuzhayorathu | 2005 | Gireesh Puthenchery | Ilaiyaraaja | Manjari |
| Agaathamam Aazhi Vithumbi | Jalachhayam | 2010 | Sidharthan Puranattukara | Unnikumar | Baburaj Puthur |