OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jorge Olavarría

Jorge Olavarría (12 December 1933 – 18 April 2005) was a Venezuelan journalist, politician, historian, and writer.

## Career

He was editor of the magazine Resumen from 1973 to 1984. Collections of his writings for El Nacional and El Universal were published in 1999 and 1994, respectively. He was elected to the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies in the 1963 elections, and re-elected in the 1968 elections. He was a presidential candidate in the 1983 election and the 1988 election, for the party "OPINA" (Opinion), and was a member of the 1999 Constituent Assembly of Venezuela. He also served as Venezuela's ambassador to Britain (1969–70). As a historian and writer, his books covered subjects such as the 1945 Venezuelan coup d'état and the dictator Juan Vicente Gómez.
He studied law at the Complutense University of Madrid.

## Books

* La Revolución olvidada: el 18 de octubre de 1945, 2008, Fundación Olavarría
* Gómez: un enigma histórico: una revisión al fenómeno histórico y político de Juan Vicente Gómez, 2007, Fundación Olavarría
* Historia viva, 2002-2003: la rebelión civil, el referéndum revocatorio, 2003, Alfadil
* Historia viva: artículos publicados en El Nacional, marzo 1998--marzo 1999, 1999, El Nacional
* Una Constitución para una nueva república: presentado en el VI Congreso Venezolana de Derecho Constitucional, celebrado en Caracas, los días 27, 28 y 29 de Octubre de 1999, en la Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, 1999, Editorial Melvin
* No, señor Presidente! no!: artículos publicados en "El Universal" 1994, 1994
* Democracia radical, 1993, Ediciones Centauro
* Dios y federación: el fetichismo federal en el pasado, presente y futuro de Venezuela, 1988, Fundación para una Nueva República
* Proyecto Nueva República, 1988, Fundación para una Nueva República
* El caso"Sidor.", 1968, Guanarteme
# Shirley Brown (Florida politician)

Shirley Brown (born October 2, 1952) is a former Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives who served the 69th District from 1992 until 2000. She has represented District 4 of the Sarasota County School Board since 2006 and will retire following the conclusion of her 3rd term in 2022.

## Biography

Brown was born on October 2, 1952, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. She is a member of the League of Women Voters and the Junior League and is Presbyterian.

## Career

Brown was elected to the Florida House of Representatives and represented the 69th district as a Democrat from 1992 until 2000. She was a delegate from Florida to the 1996 Democratic National Convention.
Since being elected to serve District 4 on the Sarasota County School Board in 2006, Brown has been re-elected three times.
# 1737 in Denmark

Events from the year 1737 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian VI
* Prime minister – Johan Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg

## Events

* 28 November – Vallø Stift is established.

## Births

* 22 May – Ernst Peymann, army officer (died 1823)
* 30 September
** Morten Thrane Brünnich, natural scientist (died 1827)
** Magdalene Bärens, flower painter (died 1808)

## Deaths

* 23 March – Bendix Grodtschilling the Youngest, painter (born 1686)
* 23 August – Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein, noblewoman (born 1667 in Bavaria)
* 9 October – Christen Worm, theologian (born 1672)
# United States v. Olano

United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725 (1993), was a United States Supreme Court case that distinguished between forfeiture and waiver. Quoting from Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 (1938), the Court noted, "Whereas forfeiture is the failure to make the timely assertion of a right, waiver is the "intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right.... Whether a particular right is waivable; whether the defendant must participate personally in the waiver; whether certain procedures are required for waiver; and whether the defendant's choice must be particularly informed or voluntary, all depend on the right at stake."
According to the Court, mere forfeiture, as opposed to waiver, does not extinguish an "error" under Rule 52(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. If a legal rule was violated during the District Court proceedings, and if the defendant did not waive the rule, then there has been an "error" within the meaning of Rule 52(b) despite the absence of a timely objection.
# Hathershaw Hall

Hathershaw Hall is a 16th–17th-century Grade II* listed building in Hathershaw, Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The present structure is the single surviving range of a once considerably larger manor house. It is situated in what was the historic county of Lancashire.

## Description

Hathershaw Hall is a long, low, two-storey stone house standing back from Hollins Road; it faces south across an open space surrounded by a dry-stone wall. It comprises two distinct sections, the older is believed to date from the end of the 16th century, the more recently constructed eastern end the result of a rebuild a century later. The original section is of unremarkable vernacular architecture and difficult to date accurately. The site was occupied by a manor house in the 15th century, and part of the hall's structure may be from that building.
Its older portion is about 54 feet (16 m) in length with a slightly projecting wing at the west end. The east end appears to have been rebuilt in 1694 in a more regular and grander manner. It is taller with quoins at the angles and square-headed two-light windows, each with a centre mullion and transoms. The floor-line is marked by a string course, below which the walling is of large square blocks, and above it of narrower stones. This portion of the building is about 38 ft (12 m) long. The roofs of the two parts are at different levels, and covered with grey stone slates and stone ridge tiles. The gable ends are surmounted by ball-shaped, ornamental stone finials retained from the original structure.

## History

The present building is a fragment of a more extensive complex of buildings, most probably arranged around a central courtyard. Following abandonment by wealthy owners, much of the original hall was demolished and the remaining portion was divided into five cottages. When the hall was divided many traces of its original appearance were lost. It was in a decayed condition in 1826.
By repute the hall was the home of a 17th-century Royalist family who lost part of its possessions as a result of the English Civil War. For many generations it was the home of the Sandford, or Sandiford, family. The Sandfords owned the house in the 17th century and were presumably Royalists. In the 18th century, it was acquired by the Sidebottoms and Alexander Radclyffe Sidebottom was the owner in 1856. In the 1970s, the building was extensively renovated and many of the changes that were made when the hall was divided into cottages were reversed. It now comprises a large house with the westernmost portion a separate cottage; the whole building is privately owned. Hathershaw Hall is one of very few buildings in Oldham built before the Industrial Revolution.
# Thompson Cottage

The Thompson Cottage, also known as the James Marshall Cottage, is an historic, American tenant farmer's house that is located in Concord Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1977.

## History and architectural features

Built by James Marshall sometime after 1774, likely near the time of the American Revolution, it was purchased with two acres of land by Thomas Thompson, a free Black, in 1847. He and his descendants lived there until 1971. It is an excellent example of an unaltered eighteenth century tenant farmer's homestead.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1977.
# Lady Henrietta Spencer-Churchill

Lady Henrietta Mary Spencer-Churchill (born 7 October 1958) is an English interior decorator and founder of Woodstock Designs.

## Biography

Lady Henrietta is the youngest child and only daughter of the 11th Duke of Marlborough by his first wife Susan Mary, daughter of Michael Hornby. She is the great-granddaughter of Consuelo Vanderbilt and the step-sister of Christina Onassis through her father's second marriage to Tina Onassis, former wife of Aristotle Onassis.
Her name has been more than once included in a list of 100 Leading Interior Designers by House & Garden magazine. She is the author of several books on the subject, as well as Blenheim and the Churchill Family: A Personal Portrait (2005), an historical and anecdotal account of her family home, Blenheim Palace.
She was married to German banker Nathan Gelber from 1980 to 1989, with whom she has sons David Aba Gelber (born 1981) and Maximilian Henry Gelber (born 1985).
# Poloidion

Poloidion is a genus of green algae in the family Neochloridaceae, containing the single species Poloidion didymos. It is an extremely rare genus, which has only been recorded once on moist soil and rocks in Austria.
Poloidion consists of cells in groups of two, sometimes four or solitary. The cell wall is noticeably thickened on one side. Cells are ovoid, ellipsoidal or irregularly spherical. The chloroplast is cup-shaped, lacking a pyrenoid. Poloidion reproduces mainly by producing two autospores; it may also produce zoospores with two flagella.
# Arthur Dorman

Sir Arthur John Dorman, 1st Baronet, KBE (8 August 1848 – 12 February 1931) was a British industrialist.

## Early life

Dorman was born on 8 August 1848, at Ashford, Kent, eldest son of Charles Dorman (1809–1885), of Ashford and Maidstone, a currier in the leather trade, and Emma (died 1914), daughter of Richard Wilson Page. He was educated at Christ's Hospital, then situated in Newgate, London.

## Career

He was sent, at the age of 22, by his family to work at a Stockton-on-Tees ironworks, where a relative was a partner. Dorman started as a puddler and rapidly progressed in his career. In 1875, he went into partnership with Albert de Lande Long to acquire the West Marsh Ironworks in Middlesbrough. During the 1880s, they exploited the new steelmaking technologies being introduced at that time, including the use of Open hearth furnaces. Together they built a large industrial concern, Dorman Long, which, by 1914, employed 20,000 people and during the World War I was a major supplier of shells.
He stood for Parliament, only once, as the Conservative candidate for Cleveland, in 1892. He lost the election gaining 4.2% less than his rival, Henry Fell Pease. It was a seat which leaned on all other occasions of that era very strongly to Pease's Liberal party – with strong support to members of the prominent, equally industrialist, Pease family.
Dorman was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1918 and created a baronet of Nunthorpe in the County of York on 21 July 1923.

## Family

In 1873, he married Clara Share (died 1933), daughter of George Lockwood, JP, of Stockton-on-Tees. They had four sons and three daughters. His youngest son, George Lockwood Dorman, was killed in the Second Boer War, and is commemorated in the Dorman Museum.
Sir Arthur Dorman died on 12 February 1931, aged 82, at Grey Towers, his home in Nunthorpe, near Middlesbrough. His title was inherited by his eldest son, Bedford Lockwood Dorman.
# Dildar (poet)

Dîldar, born Yûnis Reûf (Kurdish: یوونس ڕەئووف, romanized: Yûnis Mele Reûf, 20 February 1918 – October 20, 1948) was a Kurdish poet and political activist, best known for writing the Kurdish national anthem Ey Reqîb.

## Early life and his studies

Dildar was born on 20 February 1918 in the town of Koy Sanjaq located in the Mosul Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. In his youth, he attended school in Ranya, high school in Kirkuk and moved to Baghdad to study law.

## Life
### Literary style

Many of his poems were written in the classical Kurdish style with quantitative rhythm and monorhyme. His poems were published in the Ronakî and Galawêz literary journals in Erbil and Baghdad. He moreover introduced romantic and realistic elements in Kurdish poetry.

### Law

He graduated as a lawyer in 1945 and practiced law to defend the poor, farmers, and defending the Kurdish issues in general.

### Political activism

He joined the newly formed Hîwa Party in 1938, which became "[t]he first Kurdish organisation legally recognized, that seeks a united and free Kurdistan". Dildar relocated to Iranian Kurdistan to join the revolution led by Qazi Muhammad against the government of Iran, which led to his infamous arrest in Iran.

## Prison and death
### Ey Reqîb

After being arrested, he was sent to prison in Iran, where he wrote the poem "Ey Reqîb" meaning "Oh Enemy", in 1938, referencing the prison guards, and expressing that the Kurds were alive and will not back down from fighting for free a Kurdistan. His expression of frustration and direct confrontation with the occupiers of Kurdistan made "Ey Reqîb" a symbol in the Kurds cause for freedom.

### Death and legacy

Dildar died young at the age of 3‌0 and was buried in Erbil.
He lived to see his poem "Ey Reqîb" being adopted as the Kurdish national anthem. Ey Reqîb was first played and sung in 1946 on the proclamation of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad. Today the song is played as the official anthem of Kurdistan Region and widely adopted by Kurds in the four parts of Kurdistan.
# Bill Dare

William Dare Jones (16 May 1960 – 1 March 2025), known professionally as Bill Dare, was an English writer and producer of radio and television comedy programmes.

## Early life and career

Bill Dare Jones was born in London on 16 May 1960, as the son of actor, screenwriter and broadcaster Peter Jones. He attended Manchester University.
Dare was an author and producer/devisor of various (mainly comedy) programmes mainly for BBC Radio and television, including The Mary Whitehouse Experience, Dead Ringers, The Now Show, The Late Edition, I've Never Seen Star Wars and The Secret World, and Brian Gulliver's Travels. He was also the producer of eight series of ITV's Spitting Image. A notable feature of the radio version of Dead Ringers was Jon Culshaw imitating the voice of Tom Baker at the end of the credits, saying Dare's name in an exaggerated fashion.

## Personal life and death

Dare had a daughter named Rebecca from a relationship with Mary Downes. Dare married Lucy Jagger in 2020.
Dare died following a traffic collision abroad on 1 March 2025. His death was announced by his agent two days later, on 3 March. He was 64. He received tributes from several comedians and industry colleagues. Dead Ringers star Jon Culshaw remembered Dare as the "wisest comedy alchemist and the dearest, dearest friend."
# Clash of the Elements

Clash of the Elements Is the third studio album of Swedish rock band The Poodles, released 20 May 2009. It was the first album with new guitarist Henrik Bergqvist, who replaced Pontus Norgren after he quit the band to play with Hammerfall.

## Personnel

* Jakob Samuel - lead vocals
* Pontus Egberg - bass guitar, backing vocals
* Christian Lundqvist - drums
* Henrik Bergqvist - guitars
# Radek Vítek

Radek Vítek (born 24 October 2003) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Austrian Bundesliga club FC Blau-Weiß Linz, on loan from Premier League club Manchester United.

## Career

Vítek played for the under-19 team of Czech club Sigma Olomouc as a 16-year old. On 1 July 2020, Vítek joined Manchester United from Sigma Olomouc.
On 25 January 2024, Vítek joined Accrington Stanley on loan until the end of the season. On 27 January 2024 he made his football league debut starting against Forest Green Rovers and keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 win.
On 21 August 2024, Vítek joined Austrian Bundesliga club Blau-Weiß Linz on a season-long loan.
# Manuel Felipe Rugeles

Manuel Felipe Rugeles was a poet, journalist and Venezuelan politician who was born in San Cristóbal, Venezuela in 1903 and died in Caracas in 1959

## Career

As a poet he belonged to the so-called Generation of 1918. As a result of criticisms made to the regime of General Juan Vicente Gomez, he was imprisoned in the castle San Carlos of Zulia and later exiled to Colombia in 1929.
In 1936, after the death of Gomez, Rugeles returned to Venezuela. He married the Venezuelan composer Ana Mercedes Asuaje de Rugeles and they had one son, the conductor Alfredo Rugeles. Manuel Rugeles served as Secretary of the Venezuelan delegation before the Organization of American States (O.A.S.) in Washington (1948) and was cultural advisor of the Embassy of Venezuela in Buenos Aires. In 1953 he was director of Culture and Arts of the Ministry of Education and director of the National Magazine of Culture (1953–1957). During the last years of his life he founded and directed a children's magazine, Pico-Pico. His book of poems ¡Canta Piruelo! is consecrated as one of the best in Venezuelan children´s literature. He won the National Prize for Literature in 1955.
# César Rengifo

César Rengifo (Caracas, Venezuela, May 14, 1915 - Caracas, Venezuela, November 2, 1980) was a Venezuelan painter and playwright representative of the realistic trends in Venezuelan painting inspired by Mexican painting, along with Héctor Poleo, Pedro León Castro and Gabriel Bracho; All of them, after having started their studies in Caracas, went to Mexico in the best period of Mexican muralism.
# Antonio Rubio Pérez

Antonio Rubio Pérez (Soriano, 1882 – 28 November 1953) was a Uruguayan journalist and politician.
He briefly served as President of the National Council of Administration in 1933. He served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies of Uruguay in 1947.
# Giselda Zani

Giselda Zani (1909 in Italy – 1975 in Argentina) was a Uruguayan poet, short story writer and art critic of Italian origin. A member of the Generación del 45, she had a career as a journalist and diplomat in Buenos Aires in Argentina.

## Works

* La costa despierta (The Wide-awake Coast) (1930)
* Por vínculos sutiles (Tenuous Links) (1958), a collection of short stories

## Awards

* Emecé Literary Prize (1957)
# Nguyễn Hữu Đang

Nguyễn Hữu Đang (15 August 1913 – 2007) was a Vietnamese journalist and poet. He also used the pen name Phạm Đình Thái. He was one of the writers associated with the Nhân Văn-Giai Phẩm movement. Nguyễn Hữu Đặng was one of the five most active participants in the movement with Lưu Thị Yến, Trần Thiện Bảo, Phan Tại and Lê Nguyên Chí, all of whom received periods of imprisonment.
He was born in Vũ Công, Kiến Xương, Thái Bình.
# Pauline Spender-Clay

Pauline Spender-Clay (née Astor; 24 September 1880 – 5 April 1972) was an American-English socialite known for her hospitality; her gardening, especially the cultivation of lilies; and her portrait painted by John Singer Sargent. Like many American heiresses, her engagements were a subject of speculation before her marriage. She volunteered as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse in World War I and opened up her house, Ford Manor, to be used as a military hospital in both World Wars. She was a member of the Astor family.

## Early life

She was born Pauline Astor in New York in 24 September 1880 to politician William Waldorf Astor and his wife Mary, née Dalgren. The family moved to London in 1891 and purchased the manor of Cliveden in 1893. In 1894, Pauline’s mother died, leaving her mistress of the estate.
Sargent painted Pauline with her pet King Charles spaniel, Mossie, in 1888 – 9.
About 1900, Henry Innes-Ker, 8th Duke of Roxburghe sought Pauline’s hand in marriage, and they were rumoured to be engaged, but Pauline 'gave him no encouragement' and Roxburghe could not agree with her father about her dowry. He became engaged to Mary Goelet three years later.
On 20 October 1904, Pauline married Lieutenant-Colonel Herbert H. Spender-Clay, wealthy heir to the Bass Brewing Company, and they settled at Ford Manor, Lingfield, where they became known for hosting parties. A son of Ettie Grenfell described Pauline as 'the most fascinating creature alive, with those sad enormous brown eyes.' They had three daughters: Phyllis Mary, Rachel Pauline, and Sybil Gwendoline, who died in infancy.

## World War I

During World War I, Pauline served as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse, and opened up Ford Manor to convalescing American soldiers, as her sister-in-law Nancy Astor was doing at Cliveden.

## Inter-war gardening and public service

In the 1920s and 1930s, Pauline was the main contributor to the gardens at Ford Manor, installing a water garden and arboretum. According to her daughter, 'lilies were her love,' and The Lily Year Book reported that she 'made a very real contribution to the growing of lilies in this country.'
She was Justice of the Peace for Sussex in 1920 and was involved with Girl Scouts and Doormice Patrols.

## World War II and later life

During World War II, Ford Manor was used as a nursery school for evacuees from London, and later as a hospital for Canadian soldiers. Widowed since 1937, Pauline made efforts to insure her properties and art from the instability of war. She had a new house, also called Ford Manor, built for herself on her grounds. The original house's name was changed to Greathed Manor in 1960.
# David Mason (trumpeter)

David Mason (2 April 1926 – 29 April 2011) was an English orchestral, solo and session trumpet player. He played the flugelhorn for the premiere of Ralph Vaughan Williams's ninth symphony and the piccolo trumpet solo on the Beatles' song "Penny Lane".

## Career

Mason was born in London, and educated at Christ's Hospital and the Royal College of Music where he studied with Ernest Hall. His early playing career benefited from the timing of the Second World War: as a sixteen-year-old he was ineligible for call-up where many older players had already been recruited, and was thus able to pick up a lot of work in London before and during his time as a student at the Royal College of Music, which was itself interrupted by his own call-up into the Band of the Scots Guards. Before call-up he was the youngest member of the then National Symphony Orchestra.
After leaving the Royal College of Music, Mason became a member of the orchestra of the Royal Opera House, moving on later to the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra where he eventually became principal trumpet. After seven years in that role he moved to the Philharmonia, where he remained for most of the rest of his orchestral career. He was a professor of trumpet at the Royal College of Music for thirty years and thus taught many of the trumpet players who now make up the core of the profession in the UK.
The Royal College of Music has awarded a David Mason Prize for Orchestral Trumpet Playing.
Mason was the flugelhorn soloist for the world premiere of Ralph Vaughan Williams's Symphony No. 9 on 2 April 1958. The novelty of the flugelhorn (often seen as a jazz or brass band instrument) being used in such a significant mainstream classical work attracted much press comment at the time, perhaps to the detriment of the symphony's overall coverage and consideration.

## Penny Lane

On 17 January 1967 at Abbey Road Studios Mason recorded the piccolo trumpet solo which is a prominent part of the Beatles' song "Penny Lane". The solo, inspired by Mason's performance of Bach's 2nd Brandenburg Concerto with the English Chamber Orchestra, is in a mock-Baroque style for which the piccolo trumpet is particularly suited, having a clean and clear sound which penetrates well through thicker midrange textures.
Mason recorded the solo using a piccolo trumpet in A (this uses a slightly longer leadpipe than the piccolo trumpet in B-flat, which itself is an octave higher than a standard B-flat trumpet). Although such piccolo trumpet solos became almost commonplace in some types of pop, this was innovative at the time and was among the first such uses: George Martin later wrote, "The result was unique, something which had never been done in rock music before".
Mason also contributed to several other Beatles songs, including "A Day in the Life", "Magical Mystery Tour", "All You Need Is Love" and "It's All Too Much".

## Death

Mason died of leukaemia in April 2011, at the age of 85.