# Demographics of Egypt

Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East, and the fourth-most populous on the African continent, after Nigeria, Ethiopia and Democratic Republic of the Congo. About 95% of the country's 104 million people (July 2023) live along the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the Suez Canal. These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 people per km$^2$, as compared to 96 persons per km$^2$ for the country as a whole.
Small communities spread throughout the desert regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly irrigated land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher standard of living.
According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach (cliodynamics), the basic problem Egypt has is an unemployment rate driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4% a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who comprised most of the people that were seen out in the streets during the Egyptian revolution of 2011. An estimated 51.2% of Egyptians are under the age of 25, with just 4.3% over the age of 65, making it one of the most youthful populations in the world.

## Population size and distribution

Egypt has a population of 109,500,000 (2023). According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.

### Age distribution

Data taken from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics.
Percentage distribution of population in censuses by age group
| Age group | 2006 | 1996 | 1986 | 1976 |
| 0–4 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 15.3 | 13.9 |
| 5–9 | 10.5 | 12.9 | 13.2 | 12.8 |
| 10–14 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 11.6 | 13.4 |
| 15–19 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 10.6 | 10.9 |
| 20–24 | 10.8 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 8.4 |
| 25–29 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.3 |
| 30–34 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 5.8 |
| 35–39 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.6 |
| 40–44 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 5.1 |
| 45–49 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| 50–54 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| 55–59 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| 60–64 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 |
| 65–69 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| 70–74 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| 75+ | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010):
| Age group | Male | Female | % | Total |
| 0–4 | 4,282 | 4,072 | 10.6 | 8,354 |
| 5–9 | 4,265 | 4,007 | 10.5 | 8,272 |
| 10–14 | 4,330 | 4,023 | 10.6 | 8,353 |
| 15–19 | 4,738 | 4,501 | 11.7 | 9,239 |
| 20–24 | 4,358 | 4,155 | 10.8 | 8,513 |
| 25–29 | 3,412 | 3,498 | 8.8 | 6,910 |
| 30–34 | 2,614 | 2,503 | 6.5 | 5,117 |
| 35–39 | 2,498 | 2,536 | 6.4 | 5,034 |
| 40–44 | 2,237 | 2,186 | 5.6 | 4,423 |
| 45–49 | 2,029 | 1,942 | 5.0 | 3,971 |
| 50–54 | 1,668 | 1,640 | 4.2 | 3,308 |
| 55–59 | 1,312 | 1,136 | 3.1 | 2,448 |
| 60–64 | 971 | 871 | 2.3 | 1 842 |
| 65–69 | 693 | 597 | 1.6 | 1 290 |
| 70–74 | 435 | 419 | 1.1 | 854 |
| 75+ | 408 | 392 | 1.0 | 800 |
| Total | 40,250 | 38,478 | 100 | 78,728 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012):
| Age group | Male | Female | % | Total |
| 0–4 | 4,780 | 4,410 | 11.17 | 9,190 |
| 5–9 | 4,534 | 4,192 | 10.60 | 8,726 |
| 10–14 | 3,970 | 3,706 | 9.33 | 7,676 |
| 15–19 | 3,970 | 3,746 | 9.37 | 7,710 |
| 20–24 | 4,236 | 4,024 | 10.04 | 8,260 |
| 25–29 | 4,084 | 3,924 | 9.73 | 8,008 |
| 30–34 | 3,346 | 3,249 | 8.01 | 6,595 |
| 35–39 | 2,589 | 2,524 | 6.21 | 5,113 |
| 40–44 | 2,262 | 2,206 | 5.43 | 4,468 |
| 45–49 | 2,077 | 2,037 | 5.00 | 4,114 |
| 50–54 | 1,821 | 1,798 | 4.40 | 3,619 |
| 55–59 | 1,494 | 1,480 | 3.61 | 2,974 |
| 60–64 | 1,105 | 1,113 | 2.69 | 2,218 |
| 65–69 | 767 | 785 | 1.89 | 1,552 |
| 70–74 | 501 | 517 | 1.24 | 1,018 |
| 75+ | 522 | 536 | 1.29 | 1,058 |
| Total | 42,058 | 40,247 | 100 | 82,305 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013):
| Age group | Male | Female | % | Total |
| 0–4 | 4,861 | 4,481 | 11.17 | 9,342 |
| 5–9 | 4,610 | 4,259 | 10.60 | 8,869 |
| 10–14 | 4,038 | 3,765 | 9.33 | 7,803 |
| 15–19 | 4,038 | 3,805 | 9.37 | 7,843 |
| 20–24 | 4,309 | 4,089 | 10.04 | 8,398 |
| 25–29 | 4,152 | 3,987 | 9.73 | 8,139 |
| 30–34 | 3,403 | 3,300 | 8.01 | 6,703 |
| 35–39 | 2,633 | 2,564 | 6.21 | 5,197 |
| 40–44 | 2,300 | 2,241 | 5.43 | 4,541 |
| 45–49 | 2,113 | 2,069 | 5.00 | 4,182 |
| 50–54 | 1,852 | 1,827 | 4.40 | 3,679 |
| 55–59 | 1,519 | 1,504 | 3.61 | 3,023 |
| 60–64 | 1,124 | 1,130 | 2.69 | 2,254 |
| 65–69 | 781 | 797 | 1.89 | 1,578 |
| 70–74 | 510 | 525 | 1.24 | 1,035 |
| 75–79 | 291 | 303 | 0.71 | 594 |
| 80+ | 239 | 242 | 0.57 | 481 |
| Total | 42,773 | 40,888 | 100 | 83,661 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| 0–4 | 4 910 594 | 4 538 740 | 9 449 334 | 11,17 |
| 5–9 | 4 657 900 | 4 313 848 | 8 971 748 | 10,60 |
| 10–14 | 4 079 894 | 3 812 951 | 7 892 845 | 9,33 |
| 15–19 | 4 079 894 | 3 853 840 | 7 933 634 | 9,37 |
| 20–24 | 4 353 289 | 4 140 279 | 8 493 568 | 10,04 |
| 25–29 | 4 195 561 | 4 037 843 | 8 233 404 | 9,73 |
| 30–34 | 3 438 467 | 3 342 721 | 6 781 188 | 8,01 |
| 35–39 | 2 660 343 | 2 596 487 | 5 256 830 | 6,21 |
| 40–44 | 2 323 857 | 2 269 370 | 4 593 227 | 5,43 |
| 45–49 | 2 134 584 | 2 095 590 | 4 230 173 | 5,00 |
| 50–54 | 1 871 704 | 1 850 252 | 3 721 956 | 4,40 |
| 55–59 | 1 535 218 | 1 523 136 | 3 058 354 | 3,61 |
| 60–64 | 1 135 641 | 1 144 907 | 2 280 548 | 2,69 |
| 65–69 | 788 639 | 807 569 | 1 596 208 | 1,89 |
| 70–74 | 515 244 | 531 564 | 1 046 809 | 1,24 |
| 75–79 | 294 425 | 306 672 | 601 097 | 0,71 |
| 80+ | 241 849 | 246 108 | 487 957 | 0,58 |
| Total | 43 217 105 | 41 411 877 | 84 628 982 | 100 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 13 648 388 | 12 665 539 | 26 313 927 | 31,09 |
| 15–64 | 27 728 560 | 26 854 425 | 54 582 985 | 64,50 |
| 65+ | 1 840 157 | 1 891 913 | 3 732 070 | 4,41 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) in thousands:
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| 0–4 | 5 102 | 4 728 | 9 830 | 11,3 |
| 5–9 | 4 729 | 4 398 | 9 127 | 10,5 |
| 10–14 | 4 225 | 3 959 | 8 184 | 9,4 |
| 15–19 | 4 312 | 4 077 | 8 389 | 9,7 |
| 20–24 | 4 565 | 4 365 | 8 930 | 10,4 |
| 25–29 | 4 280 | 4 119 | 8 399 | 9,7 |
| 30–34 | 3 413 | 3 319 | 6 732 | 7,8 |
| 35–39 | 2 678 | 2 604 | 5 282 | 6,1 |
| 40–44 | 2 391 | 2 349 | 4 740 | 5,5 |
| 45–49 | 2 194 | 2 156 | 4 350 | 5,0 |
| 50–54 | 1 898 | 1 877 | 3 775 | 4,3 |
| 55–59 | 1 547 | 1 536 | 3 083 | 3,6 |
| 60–64 | 1 130 | 1 131 | 2 261 | 2,6 |
| 65–69 | 789 | 801 | 1 590 | 1,8 |
| 70–74 | 515 | 535 | 1 050 | 1,2 |
| 75+ | 537 | 555 | 1 092 | 1,3 |
| Total | 44 305 | 42 509 | 86 814 | 100 |
| Age group | Sex ratio | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 107.4 | 14 056 | 13 085 | 27 141 | 31,26 |
| 15–39 | 104.1 | 19 248 | 18 484 | 37 732 | 43,46 |
| 40–64 | 101.2 | 9 160 | 9 049 | 18 209 | 20,97 |
| 65+ | 97.4 | 1 841 | 1 891 | 3 732 | 4,30 |
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).
Total population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501)
| Age Group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
| 0–4 | 14,1 | 12,6 | 13,4 |
| 5–9 | 12,1 | 11,1 | 11,6 |
| 10–14 | 10,7 | 9,9 | 10,3 |
| 15–19 | 9,1 | 9,0 | 9,1 |
| 20–24 | 7,8 | 8,6 | 8,2 |
| 25–29 | 8,2 | 9,4 | 8,8 |
| 30–34 | 7,0 | 7,7 | 7,3 |
| 35–39 | 5,9 | 6,2 | 6,0 |
| 40–44 | 4,8 | 5,1 | 4,9 |
| 45–49 | 4,7 | 4,7 | 4,7 |
| 50–54 | 4,2 | 4,5 | 4,4 |
| 55–59 | 3,4 | 3,7 | 3,5 |
| 60–64 | 3,4 | 3,3 | 3,4 |
| 65–69 | 2,0 | 1,9 | 1,9 |
| 70–74 | 1,4 | 1,3 | 1,3 |
| 75–79 | 0,6 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
| 80+ | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,6 |
| Age group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
| 0–14 | 36,9 | 33,6 | 35,3 |
| 15–64 | 58,6 | 62,1 | 60,4 |
| 65+ | 4,5 | 4,3 | 4,3 |
[ Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2015):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| 0–4 | 5 168 230 | 4 791 812 | 9 960 042 | 11,3 |
| 5–9 | 4 790 338 | 4 456 493 | 9 246 831 | 10,5 |
| 10–14 | 4 279 072 | 4 013 008 | 8 292 080 | 9,4 |
| 15–19 | 4 367 988 | 4 131 991 | 8 499 979 | 9,7 |
| 20–24 | 4 623 621 | 4 424 043 | 9 047 664 | 10,3 |
| 25–29 | 4 334 645 | 4 175 258 | 8 509 903 | 9,7 |
| 30–34 | 3 456 601 | 3 364 004 | 6 820 605 | 7,8 |
| 35–39 | 2 711 932 | 2 639 282 | 5 351 214 | 6,1 |
| 40–44 | 2 422 954 | 2 379 682 | 4 802 636 | 5,5 |
| 45–49 | 2 222 893 | 2 184 980 | 4 407 873 | 5,0 |
| 50–54 | 1 922 803 | 1 903 745 | 3 826 548 | 4,4 |
| 55–59 | 1 567 139 | 1 557 610 | 3 124 749 | 3,6 |
| 60–64 | 1 144 789 | 1 146 574 | 2 291 363 | 2,6 |
| 65–69 | 800 241 | 811 254 | 1 611 495 | 1,8 |
| 70–74 | 522 379 | 540 837 | 1 063 216 | 1,2 |
| 75+ | 544 608 | 562 470 | 1 107 078 | 1,3 |
| Total | 44 880 233 | 43 083 043 | 87 963 276 | 100 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 14 237 640 | 13 261 313 | 27 498 953 | 31,26 |
| 15–64 | 28 775 365 | 27 907 169 | 56 682 534 | 64,44 |
| 65+ | 1 867 228 | 1 914 561 | 3 781 789 | 4,30 |
Historical and present population distribution:
| Age group | 1 January 2015 | 1 July 2013 | 1 January 2013 | 1 July 2012 | 1 July 2010 | 2006 | 1996 | 1986 | 1976 |
| 0–14 | 31.26 (27,498,953) | 31.09 (26,313,927) | 31.1 (26,014,000) | 31.1 (25,592,000) | 31.7 (24,979,000) | 31.7 | 37.8 | 40.1 | 40 |
| 15–64 | 64.44 (56,682,534) | 64.50 (54,582,985) | 64.49 (53,959,000) | 64.48 (53,085,000) | 64.6 (50,805,000) | 64.6 | 58.7 | 56.6 | 56.4 |
| 65+ | 4.30 (3,781,789) | 4.41 (3,732,070) | 4.41 (3,688,000) | 4.42 (3,628,000) | 3.7 (2,944,000) | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 |

### Urban and rural population

Figures from CAPMAS:
| Year | Midyear population | Urban population | Urban population | Rural population | Rural population |
| Year | Midyear population | in thousands | percent | in thousands | percent |
| 1990 | 51 911 | 22 519 | 43.4% | 29 392 | 56.6% |
| 1991 | 52 985 | 22 908 | 43.2% | 30 077 | 56.8% |
| 1992 | 54 082 | 23 366 | 43.2% | 30 716 | 56.8% |
| 1993 | 55 201 | 23 804 | 43.1% | 31 397 | 56.9% |
| 1994 | 56 344 | 24 276 | 43.1% | 32 068 | 56.9% |
| 1995 | 57 642 | 24 709 | 42.9% | 32 933 | 57.1% |
| 1996 | 58 835 | 25 053 | 42.6% | 33 782 | 57.4% |
| 1997 | 60 053 | 25 578 | 42.6% | 34 475 | 57.4% |
| 1998 | 61 296 | 26 104 | 42.6% | 35 192 | 57.4% |
| 1999 | 62 565 | 26 559 | 42.5% | 36 006 | 57.5% |
| 2000 | 63 860 | 27 132 | 42.5% | 36 728 | 57.5% |
| 2001 | 65 182 | 28 118 | 43.1% | 37 064 | 56.9% |
| 2002 | 66 628 | 28 554 | 42.9% | 38 074 | 57.1% |
| 2003 | 67 965 | 29 130 | 42.9% | 38 835 | 57.1% |
| 2004 | 69 304 | 29 653 | 42.8% | 39 651 | 57.2% |
| 2005 | 70 653 | 30 187 | 42.7% | 40 466 | 57.3% |
| 2006 | 72 009 | 30 585 | 42.5% | 41 424 | 57.5% |
| 2007 | 73 644 | 31 720 | 43.1% | 41 924 | 56.9% |
| 2008 | 75 194 | 32 249 | 42.9% | 42 945 | 57.1% |
| 2009 | 76 925 | 33 083 | 43.0% | 43 842 | 57.0% |
| 2010 | 78 685 | 33 804 | 43.0% | 44 881 | 57.0% |
| 2011 | 80 530 | 34 489 | 42.8% | 46 041 | 57.2% |
| 2012 | 82 550 | 35 373 | 42.9% | 47 177 | 57.1% |
| 2013 | 84 629 | 36 213 | 42.8% | 48 416 | 57.2% |
| 2014 | 86 814 | 37 095 | 42.7% | 49 719 | 57.3% |

### Population projections

The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census. The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium – 91.0 million, the low – 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium – 101.7 million, the low – 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy. Furthermore, as of 2022, the population of Egypt reached 111 million, which is a figure even higher than what is projected for 2030.

## Vital statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.
* One birth every 12 seconds
* One death every 52 seconds
* One net migrant every 13 minutes
* Net gain of one person every 17 seconds
Vital statistics:
| | Midyear population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | Total fertility rate |
| 1934 | 15,449,000 | 651,663 | 429,851 | 221,812 | 42.2 | 27.8 | 14.4 | | |
| 1935 | 15,624,000 | 645,760 | 412,197 | 233,563 | 41.3 | 26.4 | 14.9 | -3.7 | |
| 1936 | 15,801,000 | 698,186 | 455,832 | 242,354 | 44.2 | 28.8 | 15.3 | -4.1 | |
| 1937 | 16,009,000 | 694,086 | 434,208 | 259,878 | 43.4 | 27.1 | 16.2 | -3.2 | |
| 1938 | 16,300,000 | 704,376 | 429,248 | 275,128 | 43.2 | 26.3 | 16.9 | 1.0 | |
| 1939 | 16,598,000 | 696,746 | 429,033 | 267,713 | 42.0 | 25.8 | 16.1 | 1.9 | |
| 1940 | 16,900,000 | 697,700 | 444,448 | 253,252 | 41.3 | 26.3 | 15.0 | 2.9 | |
| 1941 | 17,208,000 | 695,016 | 440,981 | 254,035 | 40.4 | 25.6 | 14.8 | 3.1 | |
| 1942 | 17,522,000 | 658,324 | 494,358 | 163,966 | 37.6 | 28.2 | 9.4 | 8.5 | |
| 1943 | 17,842,000 | 689,771 | 492,644 | 197,127 | 38.7 | 27.6 | 11.0 | 6.9 | |
| 1944 | 18,167,000 | 722,166 | 472,234 | 249,932 | 39.8 | 26.0 | 13.8 | 4.1 | |
| 1945 | 18,498,000 | 787,502 | 512,003 | 275,499 | 42.6 | 27.7 | 14.9 | 3.0 | |
| 1946 | 18,835,000 | 776,000 | 484,000 | 292,000 | 41.2 | 25.7 | 15.5 | 2.4 | |
| 1947 | 19,197,000 | 834,557 | 408,577 | 425,980 | 43.5 | 21.3 | 22.2 | -3.3 | |
| 1948 | 19,529,000 | 832,728 | 397,976 | 434,752 | 42.6 | 20.4 | 22.3 | -5.3 | |
| 1949 | 19,989,000 | 831,310 | 410,524 | 420,786 | 41.6 | 20.5 | 21.1 | 1.9 | |
| 1950 | 21,514,000 | 904,941 | 388,944 | 515,997 | 44.2 | 19.0 | 25.2 | 45.7 | |
| 1951 | 22,020,000 | 934,584 | 402,158 | 532,426 | 44.6 | 19.2 | 25.4 | -2.4 | |
| 1952 | 22,562,000 | 969,443 | 380,633 | 588,810 | 45.2 | 17.8 | 27.5 | -3.5 | |
| 1953 | 23,138,000 | 934,830 | 429,097 | 505,733 | 42.6 | 19.6 | 23.0 | 1.9 | |
| 1954 | 23,747,000 | 957,158 | 401,306 | 555,852 | 42.6 | 17.9 | 24.7 | 0.9 | |
| 1955 | 24,387,000 | 926,500 | 405,663 | 520,837 | 40.3 | 17.6 | 22.7 | 3.5 | |
| 1956 | 25,057,000 | 958,880 | 384,974 | 573,906 | 40.7 | 16.4 | 24.4 | 2.3 | |
| 1957 | 25,756,000 | 914,494 | 429,512 | 484,982 | 38.0 | 17.8 | 20.1 | 7.0 | |
| 1958 | 26,480,000 | 1,013,743 | 409,197 | 604,546 | 41.1 | 16.6 | 24.5 | 2.8 | |
| 1959 | 27,228,000 | 1,078,947 | 411,188 | 667,759 | 42.8 | 16.3 | 26.5 | 1.0 | |
| 1960 | 27,998,000 | 1,113,888 | 437,822 | 676,066 | 43.0 | 16.9 | 26.1 | 1.4 | |
| 1961 | 28,786,000 | 1,166,620 | 420,158 | 746,462 | 43.9 | 15.8 | 28.1 | -0.7 | |
| 1962 | 29,591,000 | 1,125,798 | 486,699 | 639,099 | 41.3 | 17.9 | 23.4 | 3.8 | |
| 1963 | 30,410,000 | 1,196,388 | 431,673 | 764,715 | 42.8 | 15.4 | 27.4 | -0.5 | |
| 1964 | 31,242,000 | 1,205,785 | 449,375 | 756,410 | 42.1 | 15.7 | 26.4 | 0.2 | |
| 1965 | 32,084,000 | 1,220,658 | 411,636 | 809,022 | 41.5 | 14.0 | 27.5 | -1.3 | |
| 1966 | 32,937,000 | 1,234,976 | 477,021 | 757,955 | 41.0 | 15.8 | 25.1 | 0.8 | |
| 1967 | 33,799,000 | 1,210,214 | 440,161 | 770,053 | 39.2 | 14.2 | 24.9 | 0.6 | |
| 1968 | 34,660,000 | 1,206,585 | 509,430 | 697,155 | 38.1 | 16.1 | 22.0 | 2.8 | |
| 1969 | 35,511,000 | 1,197,245 | 468,017 | 729,228 | 36.8 | 14.4 | 22.4 | 1.6 | |
| 1970 | 36,342,000 | 1,161,539 | 500,626 | 660,913 | 34.9 | 15.0 | 19.8 | 3.1 | |
| 1971 | 37,152,000 | 1,186,350 | 445,192 | 741,158 | 34.8 | 13.1 | 21.8 | 0 | |
| 1972 | 37,945,000 | 1,187,286 | 499,628 | 687,658 | 34.1 | 14.3 | 19.7 | 1.2 | |
| 1973 | 38,734,000 | 1,259,004 | 459,816 | 799,188 | 35.3 | 12.9 | 22.4 | -2.0 | |
| 1974 | 39,534,000 | 1,287,614 | 457,620 | 829,994 | 35.4 | 12.6 | 22.8 | -2.6 | |
| 1975 | 40,359,000 | 1,331,799 | 456,041 | 875,758 | 36.0 | 12.3 | 23.7 | -3.3 | |
| 1976 | 41,213,000 | 1,378,917 | 444,228 | 934,689 | 36.4 | 11.7 | 24.7 | -4.0 | |
| 1977 | 42,094,000 | 1,447,402 | 457,558 | 989,844 | 37.3 | 11.8 | 25.5 | -4.6 | |
| 1978 | 43,006,000 | 1,479,698 | 415,605 | 1,064,093 | 37.2 | 10.5 | 26.8 | -5.8 | |
| 1979 | 43,951,000 | 1,633,674 | 444,753 | 1,188,921 | 40.0 | 10.9 | 29.1 | -7.6 | |
| 1980 | 44,932,000 | 1,569,247 | 421,227 | 1,148,020 | 37.3 | 10.0 | 27.3 | -5.5 | 5.3 |
| 1981 | 45,946,000 | 1,593,698 | 432,264 | 1,161,434 | 36.8 | 10.0 | 26.8 | -4,7 | |
| 1982 | 46,991,000 | 1,601,265 | 441,621 | 1,159,644 | 34.1 | 9.4 | 24.7 | -2.5 | |
| 1983 | 48,072,000 | 1,666,915 | 412,700 | 1,254,215 | 34.7 | 8.6 | 26.1 | -3.6 | |
| 1984 | 49,190,000 | 1,797,206 | 400,600 | 1,396,606 | 36.5 | 8.1 | 28.4 | 4.9 | 5.7 |
| 1985 | 50,347,000 | 1,903,022 | 442,258 | 1,460,764 | 37.8 | 8.8 | 29.0 | -6.0 | |
| 1986 | 51,545,000 | 1,907,975 | 455,888 | 1,452,087 | 37.0 | 8.8 | 28.2 | -5.0 | |
| 1987 | 52,777,000 | 1,902,604 | 466,161 | 1,436,443 | 36.0 | 8.8 | 27.2 | -3.9 | |
| 1988 | 54,011,000 | 1,912,765 | 427,018 | 1,485,747 | 35.4 | 7.9 | 27.5 | -4.7 | 4.4 |
| 1989 | 55,207,000 | 1,722,934 | 414,214 | 1,308,720 | 31.2 | 7.5 | 23.7 | -2.0 | |
| 1990 | 51,911,000 | 1,687,000 | 393,250 | 1,293,750 | 32.5 | 7.6 | 24.9 | -88.4 | |
| 1991 | 52,985,000 | 1,636,551 | 391,588 | 1,244,963 | 30.9 | 7.4 | 23.5 | -3.2 | 4.1 |
| 1992 | 54,082,000 | 1,496,866 | 382,465 | 1,114,401 | 27.7 | 7.1 | 20.6 | -0.3 | |
| 1993 | 55,201,000 | 1,600,549 | 380,000 | 1,220,549 | 29.0 | 6.9 | 22.1 | -1.8 | |
| 1994 | 56,344,000 | 1,610,652 | 385,296 | 1,225,356 | 28.6 | 6.8 | 21.7 | -1.4 | |
| 1995 | 57,642,000 | 1,604,835 | 384,548 | 1,220,287 | 27.8 | 6.7 | 21.2 | 1.3 | 3.6 |
| 1996 | 58,835,000 | 1,662,065 | 379,983 | 1,282,082 | 28.2 | 6.5 | 21.8 | -1.5 | |
| 1997 | 60,053,000 | 1,654,695 | 389,301 | 1,265,394 | 27.6 | 6.5 | 21.1 | -0.8 | 3.3 |
| 1998 | 61,296,000 | 1,687,252 | 399,772 | 1,287,480 | 27.5 | 6.5 | 21.0 | -0.7 | 3.4 |
| 1999 | 62,565,000 | 1,693,025 | 401,433 | 1,291,592 | 27.1 | 6.4 | 20.6 | -0.3 | |
| 2000 | 63,860,000 | 1,751,854 | 404,699 | 1,347,155 | 27.4 | 6.3 | 21.1 | -0.8 | 3.5 |
| 2001 | 65,182,000 | 1,741,308 | 404,531 | 1,336,777 | 26.7 | 6.2 | 20.5 | -0.2 | |
| 2002 | 66,628,000 | 1,766,589 | 424,034 | 1,342,555 | 26.5 | 6.4 | 20.2 | 1.5 | |
| 2003 | 67,965,000 | 1,777,418 | 440,149 | 1,337,269 | 26.2 | 6.5 | 19.7 | 0 | 3.2 |
| 2004 | 69,304,000 | 1,779,500 | 440,790 | 1,338,710 | 25.7 | 6.4 | 19.3 | 0 | |
| 2005 | 70,653,000 | 1,800,972 | 450,646 | 1,350,326 | 25.5 | 6.4 | 19.1 | 0 | 3.1 |
| 2006 | 72,009,000 | 1,853,746 | 451,863 | 1,401,883 | 25.7 | 6.3 | 19.5 | -0.7 | |
| 2007 | 74,828,000 | 1,949,569 | 450,596 | 1,498,973 | 26.5 | 6.1 | 20.4 | 17.3 | |
| 2008 | 76,651,000 | 2,050,704 | 461,934 | 1,588,770 | 27.4 | 5.9 | 21.5 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
| 2009 | 78,522,000 | 2,217,409 | 476,592 | 1,740,817 | 28.8 | 6.2 | 22.6 | 1.2 | |
| 2010 | 80,443,000 | 2,261,409 | 483,385 | 1,778,024 | 28.7 | 6.1 | 22.6 | 1.3 | |
| 2011 | 82,410,000 | 2,442,094 | 493,086 | 1,949,008 | 30.3 | 6.1 | 24.2 | -0.3 | |
| 2012 | 84,418,000 | 2,629,769 | 529,247 | 2,100,522 | 31.9 | 6.4 | 25.5 | -1.7 | |
| 2013 | 86,460,000 | 2,621,902 | 511,000 | 2,110,719 | 31.0 | 6.0 | 25.0 | -1.4 | |
| 2014 | 88,530,000 | 2,720,495 | 531,864 | 2,188,631 | 31.3 | 6.1 | 25.2 | -1.8 | 3.5 |
| 2015 | 90,624,000 | 2,685,276 | 573,129 | 2,123,102 | 30.2 | 6.5 | 23.7 | -0.6 | 3.4 |
| 2016 | 92,737,000 | 2,600,173 | 556,148 | 2,044,025 | 28.6 | 6.1 | 22.5 | 0.3 | 3.25 |
| 2017 | 95,203,000 | 2,557,400 | 547,200 | 1,971,115 | 26.8 | 5.6 | 21.2 | 4.7 | 3.12 |
| 2018 | 97,147,000 | 2,382,362 | 560,308 | 1,822,054 | 24.5 | 5.8 | 18.7 | 1.3 | 3.0 |
| 2019 | 98,902,000 | 2,304,800 | 570,600 | 1,734,200 | 23.3 | 5.8 | 17.5 | 0.2 | 2.9 |
| 2020 | 100,604,000 | 2,235,300 | 664,800 | 1,570,500 | 22.2 | 6.6 | 15.6 | 1.3 | 2.885 |
| 2021 | 102,061,000 | 2,184,605 | 741,900 | 1,442,705 | 21.4 | 7.3 | 14.1 | 0.2 | 2.85 |
| 2022 | 103,605,000 | 2,193,001 | 601,781 | 1,591,220 | 21.2 | 5.8 | 15.4 | -0.5 | 2.76 |
| 2023 | 105,174,000 | 2,044,891 | 582,791 | 1,462,100 | 19.4 | 5.5 | 13.9 | -5.8 | 2.54 |
| 2024 | | ~1,967,000 | ~612,300 | ~1,354,700 | 18.5 | 5.7 | 12.8 | | 2.41 |

### Current vital statistics

| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
| January-December 2023 | 2,044,700 | 585,300 | +1,459,400 |
| January-December 2024 | 1,967,000 | 612,300 | +1,354,700 |
| Difference | -77,700 (-3.80%) | +27,000 (+4.61%) | -104,700 |

### Demographic and Health Surveys

Fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and CBR (crude birth rate):
| Year | total | total | urban | urban | rural | rural |
| Year | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR |
| 1992 | 29,7 | 3,93 (2,7) | 23,3 | 2,92 (2,0) | 35,0 | 4,91 (3,4) |
| 1995 | 28,0 | 3,63 (2,6) | 23,9 | 3,01 (2,2) | 31,4 | 4,19 (2,9) |
| 1997 | | 3,3 | | 2,7 | | 3,7 |
| 1998 | 27 | 3,4 | 23 | 2,8 | 31 | 3,9 |
| 2000 | 27,8 | 3,53 (2,9) | 24,8 | 3,09 (2,6) | 30,1 | 3,88 (3,1) |
| 2003 | 26,3 | 3,2 (2,5) | 21,7 | 2,6 (2,1) | 29,8 | 3,6 (2,9) |
| 2005 | 27,1 | 3,1 (2,3) | 23,6 | 2,7 (2,1) | 29,6 | 3,4 (2,5) |
| 2008 | 26,6 | 3,0 (2,4) | 23,3 | 2,7 (2,2) | 29,1 | 3,2 (2,5) |
| 2014 | 29,1 | 3,5 (2,8) | 23,3 | 2,9 (2,4) | 32,7 | 3,8 (3,0) |

#### Life expectancy at birth

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.
| Period | Life expectancy in Years | Period | Life expectancy in Years |
| 1950–1955 | 41.1 | 1985–1990 | 63.5 |
| 1955–1960 | 46.4 | 1990–1995 | 65.4 |
| 1960–1965 | 49.3 | 1995–2000 | 68.0 |
| 1965–1970 | 51.6 | 2000–2005 | 69.0 |
| 1970–1975 | 53.0 | 2005–2010 | 69.9 |
| 1975–1980 | 56.8 | 2010–2015 | 70.8 |
| 1980–1985 | 59.9 | | |

## Demographics by Governorate
### Urban and Rural Population of Governorates

Data taken from CAPMAS:
| Governorate | % Urban | Population (2017) | Rural | Urban |
| Alexandria | 98.7% | 5,163,750 | 68,293 | 5,095,457 |
| Aswan | 41.1% | 1,473,975 | 868,820 | 605,155 |
| Asyut | 25.9% | 4,383,289 | 3,248,225 | 1,135,064 |
| Beheira | 18.2% | 6,171,613 | 5,050,630 | 1,120,983 |
| Beni Suef | 20.1% | 3,154,100 | 2,438,134 | 715,966 |
| Cairo | 100.0% | 9,539,673 | 0 | 9,539,673 |
| Dakahlia | 28.3% | 6,492,381 | 4,656,592 | 1,835,789 |
| Damietta | 39.4% | 1,496,765 | 907,542 | 589,223 |
| Faiyum | 23.0% | 3,596,954 | 2,768,329 | 828,625 |
| Gharbia | 28.1% | 4,999,633 | 3,594,336 | 1,405,297 |
| Giza | 61.1% | 8,632,021 | 3,365,818 | 5,266,203 |
| Ismailia | 44.5% | 1,303,993 | 724,046 | 579,947 |
| Kafr el-Sheikh | 23.9% | 3,362,185 | 2,557,058 | 805,127 |
| Luxor | 40.4% | 1,250,209 | 744,669 | 505,540 |
| Matruh | 62.7% | 425,624 | 158,546 | 267,078 |
| Minya | 18.0% | 5,497,095 | 4,507,931 | 989,164 |
| Monufia | 20.7% | 4,301,601 | 3,410,855 | 890,746 |
| New Valley | 46.0% | 241,247 | 130,253 | 110,994 |
| North Sinai | 62.9% | 450,328 | 167,217 | 283,111 |
| Port Said | 100.0% | 749,371 | 0 | 749,371 |
| Qalyubia | 42.7% | 5,627,420 | 3,224,929 | 2,402,491 |
| Qena | 18.8% | 3,164,281 | 2,569,795 | 594,486 |
| Red Sea | 96.5% | 359,888 | 12,516 | 347,372 |
| Sharqia | 24.9% | 7,163,824 | 5,422,698 | 1,741,126 |
| Sohag | 21.2% | 4,967,409 | 3,913,109 | 1,054,300 |
| South Sinai | 53.5% | 102,018 | 48,079 | 53,939 |
| Suez | 100.0% | 728,180 | 0 | 728,180 |
| Total | 42.2% | 94,798,827 | 54,558,420 | 40,240,407 |

### Population density by governorate

As of 1 July 2014; data taken from CAPMAS: Information for population is in thousands, pop density – persons/km$^2$ and area is in km$^2$.
| Governorate | Population in thousands | Pop. density | Pop. density | % inhabited to total | Inhabited area | Total area |
| Governorate | Population in thousands | inhabited area | total area | % inhabited to total | Inhabited area | Total area |
| Alexandria | 4,761 | 2,841.5 | 2,070.0 | 72.8% | 1,675.50 | 2,300.00 |
| Aswan | 1,412 | 13,477.1 | 22.5 | 0.2% | 104.77 | 62,726.00 |
| Asyut | 4,181 | 2,656.3 | 161.3 | 6.1% | 1,574.00 | 25,926.00 |
| Beheira | 5,720 | 806.3 | 582.1 | 72.2% | 7,093.84 | 9,826.00 |
| Beni Suef | 2,812 | 2,053.4 | 256.7 | 12.5% | 1,369.41 | 10,954.00 |
| Cairo | 9,184 | 48,235.3 | 2,976.8 | 6.2% | 190.40 | 3,085.12 |
| Dakahlia | 5,881 | 1,662.1 | 1,662.1 | 100.0% | 3,538.23 | 3,538.23 |
| Damietta | 1,316 | 1,968.7 | 1,445.7 | 73.4% | 668.47 | 910.26 |
| Faiyum | 3,118 | 1,680.0 | 513.8 | 30.6% | 1,856.00 | 6,068.00 |
| Gharbia | 4,698 | 2,418.7 | 2,418.7 | 100.0% | 1,942.34 | 1,942.34 |
| Giza | 7,487 | 6,286.3 | 567.9 | 9.0% | 1,191.00 | 13,184.00 |
| Ismailia | 1,162 | 229.3 | 229.3 | 100.0% | 5,066.97 | 5,066.97 |
| Kafr el-Sheikh | 3,132 | 903.5 | 903.5 | 100.0% | 3,466.69 | 3,466.69 |
| Luxor | 1,132 | 4,992.7 | 469.8 | 9.4% | 226.73 | 2,409.68 |
| Matruh | 437 | 111.4 | 2.6 | 2.4% | 3,921.40 | 166,563.00 |
| Minya | 5,076 | 2,104.8 | 157.3 | 7.5% | 2,411.65 | 32,279.00 |
| Monufia | 3,890 | 1,596.9 | 1,556.6 | 97.5% | 2,435.93 | 2,499.00 |
| New Valley | 222 | 205.1 | 0.5 | 0.2% | 1,082.24 | 440,098.00 |
| North Sinai | 428 | 203.7 | 14.8 | 7.2% | 2,100.84 | 28,992.00 |
| Port Said | 660 | 499.7 | 490.7 | 98.2% | 1,320.68 | 1,344.96 |
| Qalyubia | 5,044 | 4,702.1 | 4,486.4 | 95.4% | 1,072.72 | 1,124.28 |
| Qena | 3,001 | 1,724.1 | 277.9 | 16.1% | 1,740.63 | 10,798.00 |
| Red Sea | 341 | 4,794.0 | 2.9 | 0.1% | 71.13 | 119,099.13 |
| Sharqia | 6,402 | 1,343.7 | 1,303.6 | 97.0% | 4,764.28 | 4,911.00 |
| Sohag | 4,536 | 2,845.8 | 411.5 | 14.5% | 1,593.92 | 11,022.00 |
| South Sinai | 166 | 9.9 | 5.3 | 53.7% | 16,791.00 | 31,272.00 |
| Suez | 615 | 68.3 | 68.3 | 100.0% | 9,002.21 | 9,002.21 |
| Total | 86,814 | 1109.1 | 85.9 | 7.8% | 78272.98 | 1010407.87 |

## Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups of Egypt (2006) :
| Ethnic groups | Ethnic groups | percent | percent |
| Egyptians | Egyptians | 99.7% | 99.7% |
| Other | Other | 0.3% | 0.3% |
The CIA World Factbook lists Egyptians as 99.7%, and "other" as 0.3% (2006 census). "Other" refers to people who are not citizens of Egypt, who come to Egypt to work for international companies, diplomats, etc.
The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of Egyptians including Copts, the native Egyptians make up 95% of the population. The vast majority of Egyptians are speakers of the Egyptian Arabic dialect.
Minorities in Egypt include the Berber-speaking community of the Siwa Oasis (Siwis) and the Nubian people clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of Egypt. There are also sizable minorities of Beja and Dom.
The country was also host to many different communities during the European occupation period, including Greeks, Italians, and also from war-torn areas; the Lebanese, Syro-Lebanese, and other minority groups like Jews, Armenians, Turks and Albanians, though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly Palestinians and Sudanese.
Other sources give more detailed statistics, including the Beja(ca. 88,000), the Nubians (ca. 300,000 in 1996), Dom (ca. 230,000 in 1996), Berbers (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).

## Languages

Arabic is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking Egyptian Arabic. In The Upper Nile valley regions, Sa'idi Arabic is prevalent. The Coptic language is still used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations. English is widely understood. Siwa language is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and Nubian language is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas.

## Religions

* Islam (87%)
* Christianity (13%)
According to the CIA World Factbook, 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican).
* Muslim 90% (mostly Sunni)
* Christianity 10%
* Baháʼí: fewer than 2,000 individuals (< 0.003%)
* Judaism: fewer than 500 individuals

## Egyptians abroad

Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the 1971 Constitution. According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada) and Europe (90,000 in Italy).

## Genetics
### Autosomal DNA

Almarri, Mohamed A et al. (2021) analyzed present-day Middle-Eastern groups. They modelled the components of a sample from Egypt as being made up of four ancient populations: 50% Natufian, 31% Iran Neolithic, 12% Mota, and % Eastern Hunter Gatherer.

### mtDNA

Saunier, Jessica et al. (2009) sequenced mitogenomes from 277 unrelated Egyptian individuals. The results showed that 20.6% of the Egyptian mtDNA chromosomes were of Sub-Saharan African origin, while 79.4% were of West Eurasian.

### Y-DNA

Listed here are some of the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Egypt, according to Bekada, Asmahan et al. (2013).
| Haplogroup | n | A | B | E1a | E1b1a | E1b1b1 | E1b1b1a | E1b1b1a1 | E1b1b1a1b | E1b1b1a2 | E1b1b1a3 | E1b1b1a4 | E1b1b1b | E1b1b1c | F | G | I | J1 | J2 | K | L | O | P, R | Q | R1a | R1b1a | R1b1b | R2 | T |
| Marker | | | | M33 | M2 | M35 | M78 | V12 | V32 | V13 | V22 | V65 | M81 | M34 | M89 | M201 | | | | | | | | | | V88 | M269 | | M70 |
| Egypt | 370 | 1.35 | – | 0.54 | 2.43 | 3.24 | 0.81 | 7.03 | 1.62 | 0.81 | 9.19 | 2.43 | 11.89 | 6.76 | 1.08 | 5.68 | 0.54 | 20.81 | 6.75 | 0.27 | 0.81 | 0.27 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 2.16 | 2.97 | 2.97 | 0.54 | 6.22 |