OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henry Siedentopf

Henry Friedrich Wilhelm Siedentopf (22 September 1872 in Bremen – 8 May 1940 in Jena) was a German physicist and pioneer of microscopy.

## Biography

Siedentopf worked in Carl Zeiss company from 1899 to 1938. In 1907 he was nominated as the head of the microscopy department.
In 1902 the ultramicroscope was developed by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1865–1929) and Siedentopf, working for Carl Zeiss AG. The ultramicroscope was suitable for the determination of small particles and became the most important instrument of colloid research in colloid chemistry. In 1925, Zsigmondy received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry also for this work.
From 1919 till 1940, he was a. o. Professor for microscopy at the University of Jena. He also worked on the development of micro photography and slow motion and fast motion in the cinephotomicrography. In 1908, together with August Köhler, he invented the fluorescence microscope. In 1930 he was elected a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy relates in his Nobel lecture that Siedentopf built the paraboloid condenser and the cardioid condenser.
# Bir Moghrein

Bir Moghrein (Arabic: بئر مغرين) is a commune and town with 3,897 residents (Census 2013) in Tiris Zemmour region of northern Mauritania, close to the border with Western Sahara.

## Climate

Climate data for Bir Moghrein :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21 (70) | 24 (75) | 27 (80) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) | 34 (93) | 39 (102) | 39 (103) | 36 (96) | 31 (87) | 26 (79) | 22 (72) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12 (54) | 14 (57) | 16 (61) | 17 (63) | 18 (65) | 21 (69) | 25 (77) | 26 (78) | 24 (76) | 21 (69) | 17 (63) | 13 (56) | 19 (66) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.5 (0.1) | 2.5 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 2.5 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2.5 (0.1) | 13 (0.5) | 7.6 (0.3) | 5.1 (0.2) | 5.1 (0.2) | 38 (1.5) |
| Source: Weatherbase ||||||||||||||
# 2025 1. deild karla

The 2025 1. deild karla (English: Men's First Division) will be the 71th season of second-tier Icelandic football. The season will begin on 2 May 2025 and finish on 13 September 2025.

## Teams

The league will consist of twelve teams; eight teams remaining from the previous season, two teams promoted from the 2. deild karla, and two teams relegated from the Besta deild karla.
The promoted teams were 2024 2. deild karla champions Selfoss and runners-up Völsungur (replacing the 2024 1. deild karla relegated teams Dalvík/Reynir and Grótta). The relegated teams were 2024 Besta deild karla bottom two teams Fylkir and HK (replacing the 2024 1. deild karla promoted teams Afturelding and ÍBV)

### Stadia and locations

| Team | Location |
| Fjölnir | Reykjavík |
| Fylkir | Reykjavík |
| Grindavík | Grindavík |
| HK | Kópavogur |
| ÍR | Reykjavík |
| Keflavík | Keflavík |
| Leiknir Reykjavík | Reykjavík |
| Njarðvík | Njarðvík |
| Þróttur Reykjavík | Reykjavík |
| Þór | Akureyri |
| Selfoss | Selfoss |
| Völsungur | Húsavík |
Source:

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Fjölnir | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Promotion to Besta deild karla |
| 2 | Fylkir | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Qualification for the 1. deild karla play-offs |
| 3 | Grindavík | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Qualification for the 1. deild karla play-offs |
| 4 | HK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Qualification for the 1. deild karla play-offs |
| 5 | ÍR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Qualification for the 1. deild karla play-offs |
| 6 | Keflavík | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 7 | Leiknir Reykjavík | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 8 | Njarðvík | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 9 | Þróttur Reykjavík | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 10 | Þór | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 11 | Selfoss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Relegation to 2. deild karla |
| 12 | Völsungur | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Relegation to 2. deild karla |

## Results

Each team plays each other twice (22 matches each), once at home and once away.
| Home \ Away | FJÓ | FYL | GRI | HK | ÍR | KEF | LER | NJA | ÞRÓ | ÞÓR | SEL | VÖL |
| Fjölnir | — | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fylkir | | — | | | | | | | | | | |
| Grindavík | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
| HK | | | | — | | | | | | | | |
| ÍR | | | | | — | | | | | | | |
| Keflavík | | | | | | — | | | | | | |
| Leiknir Reykjavík | | | | | | | — | | | | | |
| Njarðvík | | | | | | | | — | | | | |
| Þróttur Reykjavík | | | | | | | | | — | | | |
| Þór | | | | | | | | | | — | | |
| Selfoss | | | | | | | | | | | — | |
| Völsungur | | | | | | | | | | | | — |

## 1. deild karla play-offs

Teams placed 2nd-5th qualified for the 1. deild karla play-offs, with the winners earning promotion to the 2026 Besta deild karla.
# Black Bomb A

Black Bomb A is a French old school hardcore/crossover band founded in 1995.

## History

In 2003, the band consisted of two singers, Arno and Poun, guitarists Scalp and Snake, bassist Mario, and drummer Hervé.
In 2001, they entered the spotlight for the first time with the self-released EP Straight in the Vein. Within two years, Blackbomb A developed into a well-known underground band, with about 300 appearances in France.
Their third album Speech of Freedom held a spot on the French Billboard charts for seven weeks, and was noted for its "angry experimentation-joy", unique in metalcore.
The live album Illicite Stuff Live from 2005 contains recordings from concerts in Saint Nazaire. The album was released in September 2005 amidst the planning of a live tour. After a motorcycle accident involving the bassist Étienne, the band had to cancel the tour. At the beginning of 2006 they began recording a studio album but production was eventually placed on hold, as collaboration with the producer proved difficult. As a result, Black Bomb A separated from their label.
Through collaboration with Sphere they acquired new management at the Warner-Music offshoot Mon Slip. In March 2007, Blackbomb A released their album One Sound Bite to React. The band had evolved both vocally and musically. The album includes a cover version "Beds are Burning" by Midnight Oil, but they remained true to their metalcore roots.
In 2016, they released the live album 21 Years of Pure Madness / Live Act and played at Edinburgh Metal Party 2016.

## Members
### Current line-up

* Poun – vocals (1995-)
* Snake – guitar (1996-)
* Arno – vocals (2002-2007, 2014-)
* Etienne - bass (2004-2011, 2023-)
* Jordan Kiefer - drums (2023-)

### Past members

* Max (IV) – guitar (1995-1996)
* Panks – bass (1995-1999)
* Franck – drums (1995-2001)
* Djag – vocals (1995-2002, 2007-2011)
* Mario – bass (1999-2004)
* Scalp – guitar (1999-2008)
* Shaun Davidson – vocals (2011-2014)
* Pierre Jacou - bass (2011-2023)
* Hervé Coquerel – drums (2001-2023)

## Discography

* 1999: Straight in the Vein
* 2001: Human Bomb
* 2004: Speech of Freedom
* 2005: Illicite Stuf Live
* 2006: One Sound Bite to React
* 2009: From Chaos
* 2012: Enemies of the State
* 2015: Comfortable Hate
* 2016: 21 Years of Pure Madness / Live Act
* 2018: Black Bomb A
* 2024: Unbuild The World
# Hubo Belgium

Hubo is a Belgian hardware store-chain. Hubo Belgium and Hubo Netherlands are two separate entities. The headquarters of Hubo Belgium is located in Wommelgem. In 2019, Hubo had over 150 stores spread across Belgium. Hubo Belgium was founded in 1992 after Hubo Netherlands sold its subsidiary (founded in 1972) to three of the local management team.
Hubo focusses his activities on the DIY branch. The number of products in a Hubo store go up to 25.000 for indoor and outdoor uses. The stores have surfaces going from 2000m² up to 3000m². On the Belgian DIY branch, Hubo holds a strong second place.
The Hubo stores are situated out of the city centers.
Since 2006, Hubo is a member of Bricoalliance.
# John Fox Watson

John Fox Watson (31 December 1917 – 15 April 1976) was a Scottish football player, believed to be the only Scottish male player in Real Madrid's history.

## Biography

Watson was born in Hamilton during Hogmanay, at the end of 1917. Watson started his career at Douglas Water Thistle Juniors before signing with English side Bury for whom he made his Football League debut in February 1939, ahead of World War II. After the war, he played with Fulham until 1948.
In 1948, Watson joined Englishman Mike Keeping, a fellow former Fulham player, at Spanish giants Real Madrid as a player. In his one season in Madrid, Watson played just one match, a 3–1 defeat away to Celta Vigo. He signed for the club during a period of unprecedented change; president Santiago Bernabéu Yeste had just been appointed, and Watson had come in just six months after the opening of the New Chamartin, later renamed the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu. He is believed to be the only Scottish male player to play for Real Madrid (Caroline Weir joined their women's team in 2022).
Watson returned to England in 1949 to join Crystal Palace, making 63 appearances in two seasons before joining non-league Canterbury City. He died on 15 April 1976, aged 58.
# Esplús

Esplús (Spanish:; Catalan:) is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 733 inhabitants.

## History

During the Spanish Civil War, the town participated in the Spanish revolution and was collectivised by the CNT and UGT.
# Department of Social Services (Australia)

The Department of Social Services (DSS) is a department of the Australian Government charged with the responsibility for national policies and programs that help deliver a strong and fair society for all Australians. The department develops and implements social policy.
The head of the department is the Secretary of the Department of Social Services, currently Michael Lye, who reports to the Minister for Social Services.
The head office of the department is located in the Australian Capital Territory suburb of Greenway.

## History

The department was formed by way of an Administrative Arrangements Order issued on 18 September 2013 and replaced the majority of the functions previously performed by the former Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA); with the exception of Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination, that was transferred to the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

## Operational activities

In an Administrative Arrangements Order made on 18 September 2013, the functions of the department were broadly classified into the following matters:
* Ageing research
* Income security and support policies and programs for families with children, carers, the aged, people with disabilities and people in hardship
* Income support policies for students and apprentices
* Services for families with children, people with disabilities and carers
* Services for older people, including their carers
* Policy for and promotion of active ageing, other than employment policy
* Community mental health
* Community support services
* Family relationship, Family and Children's Support Services
* Social housing, rent assistance and homelessness
* Child support policy
* Housing affordability
* Services to help people with disabilities obtain employment
* Arrangements for the settlement of migrants and humanitarian entrants, other than migrant child and migrant adult education
* Non-profit sector and volunteering
* Multicultural affairs

## Secretary of the Department

The Secretary of the Department Social Services is the head of the department, also known as the secretary of the level of Senior Executive Service Band 4 in the Australian Public Service as per the Public Service Act 1999.
| Name | Postnominal(s) | Term began | Term ended | Time in Appointment |
| Secretary |||||
| Finn Pratt | AO, PSM | 18 September 2013 | 18 September 2018 | 5 years, 0 days |
| Major General Kathryn Campbell | AO, CSC | 18 September 2018 | 22 July 2021 | 2 years, 307 days |
| Vice Admiral Raymond Griggs | AO, CSC, RAN | 22 July 2021 | 10 December 2024 | 3 years, 141 days |
| Michael Lye | | 11 December 2024 | Incumbent | 88 days |
# Park Jae-hong (footballer, born 1978)

Park Jae-hong (Korean: 박재홍; born 10 November 1978) is a South Korean retired football player. He is currently the head coach of Malaysia Super League club Kelantan Darul Naim.

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 8 March 2025
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | Nat | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win% |
| Yangju Citizen | | 8 August 2023 | 31 December 2023 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 000.00 |
| Kelantan Darul Naim | | 19 April 2024 | Present | 26 | 2 | 1 | 23 | 007.69 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 35 | 2 | 2 | 31 | 005.71 |

## Playing career

He played domestically for Sangmu (while on military service), Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors, Chunnam Dragons and Gyeongnam, as well as for Romanian club Universitatea Cluj (where he went to play alongside fellow South Korean Kim Jong-chun, thus becoming the first foreign footballers in the club's history), Chinese club Jiangsu Sainty and Thai club INSEE Police United.

## Honours
### As Player

Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors
* FA Cup: 2003
* Korean Super Cup: 2004
Chunnam Dragons
* FA Cup: 2006
Universitatea Cluj
* Liga II: 2006–07
Gyeongnam
* FA Cup runner-up: 2008
# Alexander Szameit

Alexander Szameit (born 10 January 1979) is a German physicist working in experimental solid-state optics.

## Biography

Szameit studied physics at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg and the University of Jena, graduating in 2004. Following that, from 2004 to 2007 he pursued a doctoral degree at the University of Jena, graduating with the highest honor of "summa cum laude". From 2009 he worked at the Technion in Haifa as a postdoctoral researcher in the group of Mordechai Segev. In 2011 he returned to the University of Jena as a junior professor and acquired his habilitation in 2015. Since 2016, he is a professor at the University of Rostock, where he leads the Experimental Solid-state Optics group. Since 2022, Szameit also serves on the board of the German Research Foundation's collaborative research center 1477 "LiMatI"

## Research

Szameit's work focuses on the investigation of optical wave phenomena in discrete systems. As experimental platforms, he utilizes artificial structured media such as arrays of coupled optical waveguides directly inscribed into glass chips by ultrafast laser pulses, or synthetic mesh lattices implemented by time-multiplexed loops of optical fibers. Using these techniques, his research covers a broad range of fields ranging from topological photonics, non-Hermitian and PT-symmetric optical systems, integrated quantum photonics and nonlinear optics to synthetic dimensions and the emulation of relativistic physics in on-chip light-based settings.

## Awards and honors

* 2009: Doctoral prize of the DPG (German Physical Society)
* 2014: Adolph Lomb Medal of the Optical Society
* 2015: Rudolf Kaiser award for experimental physics
* 2017: Alfried Krupp prize of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation
* 2020: Tomassoni award
* 2024: Elected as fellow of Optica

## Selected publications

* Rechtsman, Mikael C., Julia M. Zeuner, Yonatan Plotnik, Yaakov Lumer, Daniel Podolsky, Felix Dreisow, Stefan Nolte, Mordechai Segev, and Alexander Szameit. "Photonic Floquet topological insulators." Nature 496, no. 7444 (2013): 196–200.
* Weimann, Steffen, Manuel Kremer, Yonatan Plotnik, Yaakov Lumer, Stefan Nolte, Konstantinos G. Makris, Mordechai Segev, Mikael C. Rechtsman, and Alexander Szameit. "Topologically protected bound states in photonic parity–time-symmetric crystals." Nature materials 16, no. 4 (2017): 433–438.
* Tillmann, Max, Borivoje Dakić, René Heilmann, Stefan Nolte, Alexander Szameit, and Philip Walther. "Experimental boson sampling." Nature photonics 7, no. 7 (2013): 540–544.
* Zeuner, Julia M., Mikael C. Rechtsman, Yonatan Plotnik, Yaakov Lumer, Stefan Nolte, Mark S. Rudner, Mordechai Segev, and Alexander Szameit. "Observation of a topological transition in the bulk of a non-Hermitian system." Physical review letters 115, no. 4 (2015): 040402.
* Szameit, Alexander, and Stefan Nolte. "Discrete optics in femtosecond-laser-written photonic structures." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 43, no. 16 (2010): 163001.
# Valentin Pfeil

Valentin Pfeil (born 17 July 1988) is an Austrian long distance runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics. In 2018, he competed in the men's marathon at the 2018 European Athletics Championships held in Berlin, Germany. He did not finish his race.
# Landowner incentive program

The Landowner Incentive Program is a United States Department of the Interior program that gives grants to state wildlife agencies for restoring rare wildlife habitat in cooperation with private landowners. The program received its first $40 million in appropriations from the U.S. Congress in 2002. Almost every state now has a funded program and $116 million has been appropriated since 2002. A subprogram has also been established for Native American tribes to restore wildlife habitat on tribal lands.
The program is part of the Bush Administration's "Cooperative Conservation" initiative, which focuses on voluntary partnerships between government and non-government parties like private landowners, cooperations, state government and others to achieve progress in conserving or restoring natural resources.

## Program mechanics

States compete for two sets of Landowner Incentive Program dollars. Tier I grants provide funding to states to staff and operate programs to work with landowners. Typically, these grants pay for a state program coordinator who works for the wildlife agency and field biologists who interact with landowners and help plan projects. Tier II grants provide funding to states which the state in turn awards to private landowners for the protection, restoration, or management of rare wildlife habitats. States are required to have an open, transparent process through which landowners can apply for funding and to establish an advisory panel that helps to oversee the program. Most states have advisory programs that include representation from government agencies, farmers and ranchers, environmentalists, and academia.

## History

The Landowner Incentive Program began as a Texas state program funded by the Administration of then-Governor George W. Bush and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In 2002, the program received $40 million from the U.S. Congress, but the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was unable to set up and award funding before Congress rescinded the funding from 2002 and provided $40 million in 2003.
Since 2003, state wildlife agencies have steadily accumulated more and more successes in delivering results for rare wildlife with the conservation partnerships with private landowners. Oregon, Nebraska, Florida, Massachusetts, Hawaii, Kentucky and Minnesota have been particularly successful, winning more than $22 million in grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and working with hundreds of landowners to restore wildlife.
# The Dovekeepers

The Dovekeepers is a two-part television adaptation based on the book of the same name by Alice Hoffman from executive producers Roma Downey and Mark Burnett. It features the Siege of Masada by troops of the Roman Empire towards the end of the First Jewish–Roman War. The program premiered in the United States on March 31, 2015 on CBS.

## Plot

According to the official trailer,
   From the producers of The Bible, comes the story of a place called Masada, where three extraordinary women faced an army of thousands. A healer accused of witchcraft. An outcast haunted by her past. A woman with the heart of a warrior.
The trailer featured the tagline, "Their journey. Their passion. It all leads up to this. Take a stand."

## Main cast

* Cote de Pablo as Shirah
* Rachel Brosnahan as Yael
* Kathryn Prescott as Aziza
* Diego Boneta as Amram
* Sam Neill as Flavius Josephus
* Mido Hamada as Eleazar ben Ya'ir
* Sam Hazeldine as Flavius Silva
* Jonas Armstrong as Yoav
* Luke Roberts as Jachim Ben Simon
* Fiona O'Shaughnessy as Channa
* Andrei Claude as Sa' Adollos
* Kenneth Spiteri as Claudius
* Diarmaid Murtagh as Wynn
* Manuel Cauchi as Josef Bar Elhanan
* Andre Agius as Adir
* Marama Corlett as Sia

## Episodes

| Ep. # | Title | Original airdate | Viewers (million) |
| 1.1 | "Part 1" | March 31, 2015 (2015-03-31) | 8.99 |
| Roman historian Flavius Josephus chronicles the lives of three Jewish women during the Romans' siege of Masada in A.D. 73, where more than 900 Jews were able to take refuge at the fortress for months. But first he pressures two of them into telling their versions of the story; Shirah, believed to be the witch of Moab, and Yael, an outcast to her father and neighbors. In order to tell the story, they must first go back to the beginning and share accounts of their pasts. ||||
| 1.2 | "Part 2" | April 1, 2015 (2015-04-01) | 6.40 |
| Shirah and Yael remain in the custody of Flavius Josephus in his house in Rome. They tell of how Shirah's warrior daughter, Aziza joins them in their duty of keepers of the messenger doves in their home. Roman commanders Flavius Silva and Claudius devise a plan in how to get their soldiers into Masada. But to the Jewish sicarii, it's "freedom or death" as they hole up in the last Jewish fortress in Judea before the fateful day of the siege. ||||

## Reception

The adaptation garnered negative reviews: Keith Uhlich of The Hollywood Reporter writes "True to its title, this romantic-historical miniseries is more fowl than fair. CBS' two-part adaptation of Alice Hoffman's best-selling novel is a cheap, chintzy adventure." while Brian Lowry of Variety writes "Designed to play as a moving adaptation of Alice Hoffman's bestseller, The Dovekeepers is more of a wounded duck."
# Ron Reagan (Florida politician)

Ronald Reagan (born July 11, 1954) is a Bradenton, Florida insurance agent and Republican politician who served as the representative for District 67 in the House of Representatives of the U.S. state of Florida. He was first elected in 2002 and was re-elected to three successive terms. He was the majority whip. He chaired the Committee on Insurance and the Jobs & Entrepreneurship Council. He was termed-out in 2010.

## Early life

Reagan was born in Norfolk, Virginia on July 11, 1954, and moved to Florida in 1973. He received his Associate of Arts degree from Manatee Community College. In 1977, he attended the University of South Florida. Reagan was also initiated as a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity at the University of Georgia.

## Florida House of Representatives

In 2002, after winning the primary with 69% of the vote, he defeated a Libertarian and a write-in candidate, running on a platform of local control for education and growth issues. In 2004, he won re-election unopposed.
Since leaving the Florida legislature, Reagan has been the Director of National Advocacy and Outreach for the National Coalition for Safer Roads (NCSR), a Texas nonprofit supported by American Traffic Solutions of Scottsdale, Arizona, a manufacturer and operator of red light camera systems.

## Sources

* Florida House of Representatives Profile
* Project Vote Smart profile