OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pogue

Pogue is American pejorative military slang for being Posted on Garrison, which at the time were the Infantry.

## History and etymology

The term was used as early as the First World War by US Marines to refer to a male homosexual. At the beginning of World War II, "pogue" was used by Marine drill instructors to refer to trainees believed not to meet the expected standards or failing to display the appropriate esprit de corps.
Linda Reinberg includes it as being in general use in Vietnam to refer to rear echelon support personnel. This meaning, as well as the "substandard performance" connotation, continued into the beginning of the Global War on Terror.
During Desert Storm in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, "pog" referred to anyone who arrived in theater after the speaker.
"Pogey bait" is a reference to sweets or candy, which was in usage in the military as early as 1918. The term alludes to food (and other luxuries) rarely afforded to grunts in the field. To an infantry soldier, the term "pogey bait", when used in the possessive sense (i.e. "my pogey bait", "his pogey bait", etc.), refers to a personally acquired (not issued) stash of snacks and food. Common items found in a bag of "pogey bait" include ramen noodles, hard candies (e.g., Werther's Originals, Jolly Ranchers, Dum Dums, etc.), beef jerky, Easy Cheese, and Vienna sausages (among other things). "Pogey bait" was/is used "in the field" not only as snacks and meal supplements, but also for bartering (commonly either for other food or for tobacco products). "Pogey-bait run" was used as early as the 1960s to refer to any unauthorized violation of restrictions with the purpose of meeting a wife or girlfriend.

### Origin

One accounting of the word's etymology involves "póg," the Irish language word for "kiss." In this telling it is believed that "pogue" was popularized within the American military by Irish-American soldiers during the American Civil War. The oft-used acronym "POG," standing for "Person Other than Grunt," may have originated as a backronym for "pogue."

## Current Use

The term "POG" is currently used primarily by the United States Marine Corps and Army Infantry referring to "Persons Other than Grunts" or "People Other than Grunts". It's a pejorative for those who have not served as Grunts or Infantry. A Grunt by military definition is an Infantryman. Some support combat jobs have used this word, however, the word "Grunt" in American Military still refers to Infantry where it's origin is from. Therefore, every non Infantry Job is considered a POG by definition.

## Related terms

The terms REMF (Standing for "Rear Echelon Mother Fucker") and "Fobbit" (from forward operating base (FOB) and The Hobbit) are closely related terms, in that they are frequently intended as insults (although "fobbit" seems to be taken as less a term of direct abuse and more a descriptive one). Among other services, other terms include "nonner" and "shoe clerk".
# Abubakar Habu Hashidu

Alhaji Abubakar Habu Hashidu (10 April 1944 – 27 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician who served as a Minister of Water Resources, minister of Agriculture and also Minister of Rural Development then further elected as governor of Gombe State from 1999 to 2003 under the platform of All People's Party (APP).
Hashidu was the minister of Water Resources as well as a minister of Agriculture and Rural Development during the military regime of General Ibrahim Babangida. He was also a member of the Vision 2010 committee set up by General Sani Abacha to chart a developmental road-map for the country.
Hashidu was the first elected governor of Gombe State, Nigeria, taking office on 29 May 1999, on the platform of the All People's Party (APP).
His Deputy Governor was Joshua Lidani.
In January 2003, the All Nigeria Peoples Party endorsed Hashidu as its gubernatorial candidate for the April 2003 elections.
He failed to be re-elected and conceded with praise for the Independent National Electoral Commission(INEC).
He was again candidate for governor of Gombe State in 2007 on the Democratic People's Party (DPP) platform.
Hashidu died in his house in the early hours of 27 July 2018, after a protracted illness.
# Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

The Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (JPAM) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering issues and practices in policy analysis and public management. It was established in 1981 and contains books reviews and a department devoted to discussing ideas and issues of importance to practitioners, researchers, and academics. It is the official journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management and published by Wiley-Blackwell. The current editor-in-chief is Erdal Tekin. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.444, ranking it 27th out of 353 journals in the category "Economics" and 5th out of 47 journals in the category "Public Administration".

## History

The Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management established the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management in 1981 through the merger of two other journals – Policy Analysis (1975–1981) and Public Policy (1940–1981).

## Editors-in-chief

The following persons have been editors-in-chief of the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management:
* July 2018: Erdal Tekin
* 2014-2018 Kenneth Couch
* 2004-2014 Maureen Pirog
* 1999-2004 Peter Reuter
* 1994-1999 Janet Rothenberg-Pack
* 1989-1994 Lee Friedman
* 1985-1989 David Weimer
* 1981-1985 Raymond Vernon

## Raymond Vernon Memorial Prize

Every year, the association awards the Raymond Vernon Memorial Prize for the best article published in the current volume of the journal. The prize selection committee usually is drawn from the editorial board and Wiley-Blackwell underwrites all expenses related to the prize.

## Journal sections

The journal has five special sections: Point/Counterpoint, Policy Retrospectives, Professional Practice, Methods for Policy Analysis, and Book Reviews. These sections usually publish shorter, specialized articles on those topics.
# Dotie Joseph

Dotie Joseph is a Democratic member of the Florida Legislature representing the State's 108th House district. Joseph was born in Haiti and moved to Florida in 1982. She lives in North Miami.

## Education

Dotie Joseph attended Miami-Dade public schools—including Lakeview Elementary, fine arts magnet programs at and Charles Drew Elementary and Miami Norland Middle School, and Design and Architecture Senior High (DASH). Joseph went on to graduate from Yale University with a degree in Political Sciences, earned a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center. Joseph studied abroad in France with Columbia University in Paris, and with the Institute for International Mediation and Conflict Resolution in The Hague in the Netherlands.

## Career

Joseph has worked as a federal judicial law clerk, legal consultant, a government and civil rights lawyer in the public and private sector. She is currently an attorney with Ottinot Law, an all-black law firm which specializes in complex government and business matters.
Joseph won the election for Florida's House of Representatives on November 6, 2018, from the platform of Democratic Party. She secured 92% of the vote while her closest rival, an LPF candidate, secured eight percent.
In 2022, Representative Joseph was selected to serve as Minority Leader Pro Tempore, becoming the first Haitian-American to hold a leadership position of Speaker, Leader or Pro Tempore position in any state or federal legislative body in the United States.
After a prolific legislative term, Leader Pro Tempore Joseph was elected to her fourth term in 2024 without opposition.
# Artem Shchedryi

Artem Albertovych Shchedryi (Ukrainian: Артем Альбертович Щедрий; born 9 November 1992) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder for Lithuanian club FK Panevėžys.

## Club career
### Early years

He is a product of Olimpik Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv academies.

### Volyn Lutsk

Shchedryi made his debut for Volyn Lutsk entering as a second-half substitute against Metalurh Zaporizhzhia on 27 April 2013 in the Ukrainian Premier League.

## Honours
### Zirka Kropyvnytskyi

* Ukrainian First League: 2015–16

### Dnipro-1

* Ukrainian First League: 2018–19

### FCI Levadia

* Estonian Supercup: 2022
# Mats Ericson

Mats Ericson (born 20 September 1964) is a Swedish former alpine skier who competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics and 1994 Winter Olympics.
# Fabyula Badawi

Fabyula Badawi (born 1960) is an Egyptian poet and journalist.

## Biography

Born in Cairo, Badawi received a bachelor's degree in business administration and a graduate degree in accounting. As of 2008 she was employed by the Saudi newspaper al-Madina as a journalist. Three volumes of her poetry have been published. They are Mahlan ayyuha-l-rajul (Take it Easy, Man, 1989); Qasa'id zami'a (Thirsty Poems, 1990); and al-Washm) (The Tattoo, 1992).
# Nöker (military)

A nöker was a member of a group of military comrades in medieval Mongolian and Turkic armies. The word nöker means "comrade" in the Mongol language.
The nökers were characterized by long-term subordination and loyalty to a single leader. In turn, the leader was responsible for maintaining the wealth of the nökers. The historian Halil İnalcık sees the nöker relationship as comparable to the commendatio or homage of the medieval armies in Europe.

## Mongol armies

Nökers comprised an important element in the Mongol armies, but they also served to carry out non-military tasks. For example, Möngke Khan, the great khan of the Mongol Empire (r. 1251–1259), tasked his nökers with tax collection and legation. Sometimes, nökers were appointed as governors of newly-conquered territories. Except in cases when they were assigned duties, they always accompanied their leader.

## Seljuks of Anatolia

After the Mongol Empire, the nöker system was taken over by the Turkic states. The nöker concept was not much different than the Nöker of the Mongols. They accompanied their leader in war and peace. Sometimes, they were also tasked as local governors. For example, the founders of the Karesi and Saruhan beyliks were initially nökers of Mesut II of the Seljuks of Anatolia.

## Ottoman Empire

In the early years of the Ottoman beylik (before independence), Osman I was one of the many ghazis. But, after his successful raids to Byzantine Empire territory, he became a leader, and his fellow ghazis became his nökers. Initially, his nökers were Turkmen ghazis. But, some Byzantine soldiers converted to Islam and among them some chose to be Osman's nökers as well. Köse Mihal was a well known example. The nöker system in the Ottoman Empire ended by the 16th century.
# Levshin

Levshin (masculine, Russian: Левшин) or Levshina (feminine, Russian: Левшина) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alina Levshin (born 1984), German–Ukrainian actress
* Platon Levshin (1737–1812), Russian theologian
* Vladimir Levshin (born 1983), Russian soccer player
# Milan police headquarters bombing

vteYears of Lead (Italy) :
At 11am on 17 May 1973, a hand grenade was thrown at Milan's police headquarters in Lombardy, Italy. It happened during a memorial ceremony there for police officer Luigi Calabresi, who had been shot dead in Milan a year earlier. Four civilians were killed by the blast and 45 other people were injured.
The attacker was Gianfranco Bertoli (30 April 1933 – 17 December 2000), who self-identified as an anarchist was later identified to be a long time informant for the Italian military intelligence service, that he had long maintained links with various anti‐communist and neo‐fascist organizations, such as New Order, linked to the Operation Gladio stay behind network as part of the strategy of tension. He was arrested at the scene and in 1975 was convicted in relation to the attack and sentenced to life imprisonment. The attack was denounced by various anarchist organizations including Italian Anarchist Federation in a press release almost instantly.
# United States atrocity crimes

Throughout its history, the United States has been accused of either directly committing or being complicit in violations of international criminal law known as atrocity crime which includes acts of genocide and ethnic cleansing, both within the modern borders of its territory and abroad, as well as war crimes and crimes against humanity. The detailed list at the international level mainly includes killings of members of a specific group of people, which is one of the elements of the definition given by the United Nations, however this definition is including acts with mental or other physical elements not widely covered by this list. The list is also including other cases widely considered war crimes. The list at the national level attempts to include all those cases described in the 1948 UN convention on genocide.

## Domestic

This section provides a list of Wikipedia entries that mention acts of genocide in the territory of the United States after its independence from the United Kingdom. It includes both massacres of native Indian populations, as well as other aspects of cultural genocide as defined by the United Nations.
* Native American genocide in the United StatesLong Walk of the Navajo: the 1864 deportation and ethnic cleansing of the Navajo people by the United States federal government.
** California genocide
** Sullivan Expedition
** Trail of Tears
** Potawatomi Trail of Death
** Sand Creek massacre
** Bear River Massacre
** Rogue River Wars
** Snake War
** Long Walk of the Navajo
** Comanche campaign
** Yavapai Wars
** Wounded Knee Massacre
** Dakota War of 1862
** Gnadenhutten massacre
* Cultural genocide in the United States
* Black genocide in the United States (including this link is currently under discussion, as it is still debated whether the term ‘black genocide’ has a place in this list).

## International

This section lists those pages that meet the UN definition of genocide where the United States has been involved. It does not include massacres subject to dispute on Wikipedia, or acts of war such as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings. In the case of Vietnam War the International War Crimes Tribunal supported the qualification as genocide, although their conclusions have been disputed, therefore the Sơn Thắng massacre and My Lai massacre are considered war crimes but not unanimously genocide. In the case of Korean War is also controversial that the United States committed a genocide or just war crimes, therefore the list is not including: No Gun Ri massacre. During the Vietnam War it has been considered that part of the war strategy of the United States in Vietnam was an ecocide.
* Bangladesh genocide (complicity)
* Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 (complicity)
* Gaza genocide (alleged complicity)
In other cases like Guatemala genocide has also been alleged complicity, as well as, the East Timor genocide.
# Psalidostetha banksiae

Psalidostetha banksiae, also known as the banksia moth is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found throughout Australia. Its wingspan is about 6 cm (2.4 in).
The larvae feed on Banksia, Hakea, Dryandra and Grevillea leaves.
# Kåfjord, Nordkapp

Kåfjord is a small village in Nordkapp Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located on the Porsanger Peninsula, along the Kåfjorden, an arm of the main Porsangerfjorden.
Before the completion of the North Cape Tunnel on the European route E69 highway in June 1999, Kåfjord was the southern terminus of the ferry route between the mainland and the town of Honningsvåg on the island of Magerøya.
# E. L. D. Overstreet

E. L. D. Overstreet (February 7, 1851 – December 25, 1942), also known as Uncle Ed, was an American politician. He served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Overstreet was born in Bainbridge, Georgia.
Overstreet served in the Florida House of Representatives in 1891.
Overstreet died on December 25, 1942, at the age of 91.
# Riverfront Plaza (Jacksonville)

Riverfront Plaza is a public area and green space under construction on the St. Johns River in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida. It is the midpoint of the 2-mile Northbank Riverwalk, just west of the Main Street Bridge. The property was the site of the Jacksonville Landing from 1987 to 2019.

## Development

Following demolition of the complex in July, 2019 there were numerous ideas regarding redevelopment and extended discussions.

### Design competition

The project from Perkins & Will was identified as the winning plan in late July of 2021. Agreement was finally reached on a plan and construction began in July 2023 nearly four years after the Landing property was cleared.

### Construction
#### Phase 1A

The first job began in July, 2023 and involved removing part of Independent Drive and rerouting traffic to Hogan Street. It was completed in late 2023.

#### Phase 1B

The second job of phase 1 began in January 2024 and required replacing the bulkhead on the St. Johns River and the Riverwalk itself, then constructing the Cafe building with a playground for children on top. The last part of phase 1 is the event lawn, a large grass area for concerts & festivals. Projected completion is third or fourth quarter of 2025.

#### Phase 2

The last phase is expected to begin in early 2026 and be finished in 2027. Plans include a bike/pedestrian connection from the Main Street Bridge to the Riverfront Plaza, a rain garden and a beer garden.
# Ville-Marie borough council

The Ville-Marie borough council is the local governing body of Ville-Marie, a borough in the City of Montreal, Canada.
The Ville-Marie council has a different structure from all other Montreal borough councils. Before 2009, the council consisted of an elected borough mayor, two elected city councillors, and two elected borough councillors. Under legislation passed by the government of Quebec in 2008 and implemented after the 2009 municipal election, however, the council now consists of three elected city councillors, the mayor of Montreal (who automatically serves as mayor of Ville-Marie), and two councillors from other boroughs who are selected by the mayor. The current mayor of Ville-Marie is Valérie Plante, who was elected as mayor of Montreal in the 2017 Montreal municipal election and re-elected in the 2021 election.
At the first council meeting following the 2009 election, several members of the public expressed opposition to having a borough mayor and two councillors who were not locally elected. Despite some local efforts, the change made in 2008 has not yet been reversed.

## Current members

| District | Position | Name | Party |
| — | Borough mayor (as mayor of Montreal) | Valérie Plante | Projet Montréal |
| Peter-McGill | City councillor | Serge Sasseville | |
| Saint-Jacques | City councillor | Robert Beaudry | Projet Montréal |
| Sainte-Marie | City councillor | Sophie Mauzerolle | Projet Montréal |
| — | Borough councillors (appointed by the mayor from Montreal City Council) | Vicki Grondin (City councillor for Lachine) | Projet Montréal |
| — | Borough councillors (appointed by the mayor from Montreal City Council) | Alia Hassan-Cournol (City councillor for Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve) | Projet Montréal |
# J. K. Bettersworth

John Knox Bettersworth (1909–1991) was a history professor and author in Mississippi.
James W. Loewen wrote critically of the bigotry and inaccuracy in Betterworth's high school textbooks that were standard in Mississippi schools for decades and Betterworth's work was contrasted with the textbook Loewen and Charles Sallis co-edited in 1974 in Sallis's obituary. Rebecca Miller Davis described Bettersworth's textbooks as stuck in a Lost Cause mentality.

## Writings

* Confederate Mississippi: The People and Policies of a Cotton State in Wartime (1943)
* People’s College: A history of Mississippi State (1953)
* Mississippi: A History (1959)
* South of Appomatox
* Mississippi in the Confederacy (1961)
* Mississippi the Land and the People (1981)
* Your Mississippi (1975)
* People’s University: The centennial history of Mississippi State (1980)

### Articles

* ”Mississippi Historiography” (1957)
* ”Humor in the Old Southwest: Yesterday and Today” Mississippi Historical Quarterly 1964
# Queen's Own Yorkshire Yeomanry

The Queen's Own Yorkshire Yeomanry (QOYY) was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army from 1956 to 1971. Its lineage is maintained today by A (Yorkshire Yeomanry) Squadron, Queen's Own Yeomanry.

## History

The regiment was formed by the amalgamation of three Yorkshire Yeomanry regiments, the Yorkshire Hussars, the Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons and the East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry in 1956. The regiment was equipped with Daimler Dingo armoured cars and Austin Champs, and later Ferrets and Land Rovers. In 1967, it was disbanded and immediately reconstituted as the Queen's Own Yorkshire Yeomanry (T), a TAVR III (Home Defence) infantry unit of the Territorial Army. It was reduced to a cadre in 1969, and became the Yorkshire Squadron, the Queen's Own Yeomanry in 1971.
During the 1970s the Yorkshire Squadron was equipped with Saladins, Saracens and Ferrets, later to be replaced by the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Wheeled) and Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) series of vehicles and trained to provide rear area security for I British Corps. The unit then transitioned away from tracked vehicles and onto wheel based platformed, first with Land Rover RWMIK in 2003 and then onto Jackal (vehicle) in 2018 to perform the light armoured reconnaissance role.

## A (Yorkshire Yeomanry) Squadron, Queen's Own Yeomanry
### Freedom of York

A (Yorkshire Yeomanry) Squadron was granted Freedom of the City of York on 3 December 2009.
To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Queen's Own Yeomanry, A (Yorkshire Yeomanry) exercised the Freedom once again in April 2022.
# Benjamin Conquest

Benjamin Conquest (3 December 1803 - 5 July 1872), born Benjamin Oliver, was the manager of the Garrick and Grecian Theatres.

## Early life and family

Conquest was born Benjamin Oliver 3 December 1803 and baptised on 8 January 1804 He married Clarissa Ann Roxbey née Bennett on the 4th March 1863 and their son was the playwright and manager George Augustus Conquest (1837-1901). George had three sons who were also active in the theatre, George Conquest (1858-1926), Fred Conquest (1871-1941) and Arthur Conquest (1875-1945).

## Career

Conquest was the manager of the Garrick Theatre in Leman Street, London. Following the retirement of Thomas Rouse in 1851, he became the proprietor of the Grecian Theatre and Eagle Tavern in the City Road, Hackney, London. The theatre had previously produced light opera and was originally a music hall, but Conquest switched to Shakespeare which was unsuccessful. He then tried melodrama which was more popular and he produced over 100 such shows written by his son George, often adapted from French productions. George was also an acrobat and pantomimist and produced nearly 50 pantomimes in collaboration with Henry Spry. The theatre was rebuilt in 1858.

## Death

Conquest died at his home in the New North Road, London, on 5 July 1872, aged 68. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery in London. George Augustus Conquest inherited the Grecian Theatre.
# Tarsolepis japonica

Tarsolepis japonica is a species of moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in Taiwan and Japan.
The wingspan is 63–74 mm.
The larvae feed on Acer serrulatum and Acer albopurpurascens.