OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Václav Vích

Václav Vích (18 January 1898 – 14 September 1966) was a Czech cinematographer, who worked on over a hundred films in different countries during his career. In the 1930s, Vích was one of the top technicians in the Italian film industry. He often worked with the director Max Neufeld.

## Selected filmography

* The Kidnapping of Fux the Banker (1923)
* A Double Life (1924)
* The May Fairy (1926)
* Erotikon (1929)
* Call of the Blood (1929)
* St. Wenceslas (1930)
* Když struny lkají (1930)
* The Affair of Colonel Redl (1931)
* The Case of Colonel Redl (1931)
* Muži v offsidu (1931)
* The Ruined Shopkeeper (1933)
* The Happiness of Grinzing (1933)
* Volga in Flames (1934)
* The Little Pet (1934)
* Grand Hotel Nevada (1935)
* Le Golem (1936)
* Shipwrecked Max (1936)
* Cavalry (1936)
* The Castiglioni Brothers, (1937)
* It Was I! (1937)
* Queen of the Scala (1937)
* The Black Corsair (1937)
* Ettore Fieramosca (1938)
* The Count of Brechard (1938)
* Tonight at Eleven (1938)
* The Castle Ball (1939)
* Backstage (1939)
* Unjustified Absence (1939)
* The Sinner (1940)
* First Love (1941)
* Lucky Night (1941)
* The Secret Lover (1941)
* Luisa Sanfelice (1942)
* Mist on the Sea (1944)
* No Turning Back (1945)
* Eugenia Grandet (1945)
* We Are Not Married (1946)
* Be Seeing You, Father (1948)
* The Legend of Faust (1949)
* The Lost One (1951)
* The Sinner (1951)
* Miracles Still Happen (1951)
* Nights on the Road (1952)
* Illusion in a Minor Key (1952)
* The Mad Bomberg (1957)
* Der schönste Tag meines Lebens (1957)
* Escape from Sahara (1958)
* Giuseppina (1960): filmed 1959
* Romance in Venice (1962)
# Sham Valley

Sham Valley, nicknamed the "Apricot Valley", is a Himalayan valley along the Indus River and NH1 - Srinagar-Kargil-Leh National Highway in the Sham district of the Indian Union Territory of Ladakh. The valley is located around 170 kilometres from Kargil and 180 kilometres from the Ladakh's capital Leh. The nearest airport is Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport in Leh.
The valley, which starts from Spituk and also includes area till Lamayouro, is well known amongst trekkers. The valley is 32 km long and it takes 4-5 days to complete the trek. The maximum elevation is 3874 metres. Likir village located in the valley is famous for its Buddhist Monastery.

## History

On 16 August 2024, the Union Minister of Home Affairs Amit Shah announced the creation of five new districts in Ladakh including Sham valley.

## Economy

Apricot is region's main crop. For this reason the valley is called as 'Apricot valley'.

## Villages

* Alchi
* Bazgoo
* Giramangu
* Lamayouro
* Likir
* Saspochey
* Suspol
* Hemis Shukpachan
* Tingmosgang
* Uleytokpo
* Yangthang

## Major tourist attractions

* Gurudwara Pathar Sahib
* Magnetic Hill
* Confluence of Indus River and Zanskar River
* Basgo Monastery
* Likir Monastery
* Alchi Monastery
* Rizong Monastery
* Lamayuru Monastery
* Saspol Caves
* Mangyu temple complex
# Gloydius strauchi

    Common names: Tibetan pit viper, Strauch's pitviper.
Gloydius strauchi is a species of venomous pit viper in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to western China. It is a small snake with a pattern of four longitudinal stripes, although some older specimens may be a uniform black. G. strauchi may be distinguished from G. monticola by its higher midbody dorsal scale count. This species jointly holds the altitude record for pitvipers together with Crotalus triseriatus of Mexico, both being found even above the tree line at over 4,000 m (13,000 ft). No subspecies were recognized as being valid, until a recent publication (Kai Wang et al., 2019) re-evaluated the taxonomic statuses of populations of G. strauchi and described the eastern Tibetan populations as a new species.

## Etymology

The specific name, strauchi, is in honor of Russian herpetologist Alexander Strauch.

## Description

According to Gloyd and Conant (1990), G. strauchi is a small snake, probably not growing to much more than 50 cm (19+5⁄8 in) in total length. The largest male they examined was 51 cm (20 in) in total length of which the tail was 7.3 cm (2+7⁄8 in), the largest female 54.7 cm (21+1⁄2 in) with a tail of 7.5 cm (3.0 in). The snout is rounded while the head is not too much wider than the neck. The body is moderately stout.
Scalation usually includes 21 rows of keeled dorsal scales at midbody, although the keels on the outer scale rows may be missing; 145-175 ventral scales; and 34-44 paired subcaudal scales. Also there are usually 7 supralabial scales.
The color pattern consists of a greenish brown, yellowish brown, or nut brown ground color, which is overlaid with four longitudinal stripes that are interrupted at intervals, sometimes curving and coalescing, and at other times forming an irregularly spotted or zigzag pattern. This pattern is clearly visible in young specimens, while older ones are dark or even uniformly black. A dark postocular stripe is present that more or less diffuses with the ground color above, but is clearly bordered below by a pale coloration of the lower temporal scales and posterior supralabial scales.

## Geographic range

G. strauchi is found in western China in the Tibetan Plateau in the provinces of Tsinghai and western Szechwan. The type locality given is "Dytschu, also den Oberlauf des Jan-tse-kiang... Tung-o-lo (Kamennoe Nagorie) und Daudsen-lu (Szytschuan)". Zhao & Adler (1993) give "Dytschu (= Moron Us and Tuotuo rivers?), upper Jan-tse-kiang (= Jinsha River, or upper Chang Jiang), Qinghai Prov., Tung-o-lo (= Dong-e-lo) and Daudsen-lu (or Ta-tsian-lu, = Kangding Co.), Sichuan Prov., China". Pope (1935) "restricted" the type locality to "Tungngolo" (located between Lit'ang and K'angting, Hsikang, China).
The elevational range is 2,886–4,267 m (9,469–13,999 ft), even being found above the tree line. It jointly holds the altitude record for pitvipers together with Crotalus triseriatus in Mexico.
# Portuguese America

Portuguese America (Portuguese: América Portuguesa), sometimes called América Lusófona or Lusophone America in the English language, in contrast to Anglo-America, French America, or Hispanic America, is the Portuguese-speaking community of people and their diaspora, notably those tracing back origins to Brazil and the early Portuguese colonization of the Americas.
Portugal colonized parts of South America (Brazil; Colónia do Sacramento, in Uruguay; Guanare, in Venezuela), but also made some unsuccessful attempts to colonize North America (Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia in Canada).
Brazil is the centre of the community and is the point of origin of most of Portuguese America, but it also includes communities all over the Americas and languages derived from Portuguese, notably Papiamento spoken on Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao; Saramaccan of Suriname; and Cupópia of Brazil which is nearly extinct.
Because Portuguese is a Romance language, Portuguese America (specifically Brazil) is considered part of Latin America in some sources, but this term more often refers to Hispanic America, since Brazil is not culturally close enough to Hispanic America in general other than by language proximity.
# American Women for International Understanding

American Women for International Understanding (AWIU) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to fostering international goodwill and understanding through cultural exchange, educational programs, and advocacy for women's leadership worldwide. Founded in 1968, AWIU facilitates connections between women in the United States and those in other countries to promote mutual understanding and global engagement.

## History

AWIU was founded in 1968 by Bernice Behrens, a women's rights activist who sought to improve communication and collaboration between women from different cultures. Inspired by her travels and experiences in diplomacy, Behrens established AWIU as a platform for cross-cultural dialogue and international exchange. Since its inception, AWIU has organized numerous delegations, educational initiatives, and leadership programs aimed at strengthening global ties among women.

## Mission and activities

The mission of AWIU is to support international cultural understanding and women's leadership through educational programs, delegations, and advocacy initiatives. The organization works to:
* Encourage cultural exchange and diplomacy.
* Provide networking and mentorship opportunities for women leaders.
* Organize international delegations to foster person-to-person diplomacy.
* Promote discussions on global issues affecting women.

## Notable programs

* International Women of Courage (IWOC): The IWOC Award was established by the U.S. Department of State in 2007 to honor women who are making a substantial difference in the lives of women around the globe. AWIU provides each of the awardees with a grant to support continued efforts in her home country and runs a grant program for IWOC Alumnae to continue their efforts.
* Passport to the Future: The Passport program provides an opportunity for young women to learn and receive mentorship from leading women in international relations.
* Micro-Grants: AWIU's grant program focuses on issuing micro-grants groups which enhance the wellbeing of women within low- and middle-income countries. We focus on projects related to education, health, and entrepreneurial development.
* Career Opportunities in International Relations (COIR): COIR events offer young women the chance to learn about careers in international affairs and engage directly with women leaders in the field.
* Delegations: AWIU has sponsored more than 65 delegations to more than 100 countries, some breaking new ground, including a delegation to Russia in 1968, China in 1973, Saudi Arabia in 2002, and Libya in 2009.

## Impact and recognition

AWIU has facilitated connections between women from many different backgrounds, influencing policy discussions and international cooperation. Over the years, the organization has collaborated with government agencies, educational institutions, and international organizations. Notable figures in diplomacy and global affairs have participated in AWIU's programs, further cementing its role in international relations. In 2022, AWIU was awarded the Department of State Gender Champion Award for their work in international women's rights.
# Bukit Batu

Bukit Batu is a mukim (subdivision) in Kulai District, Johor, Malaysia. Bukit Batu means "Hill of Rock" in Malay. Kulai Municipal Council administer the town.

## History

The village's legend, about hundred years ago, the tiger Kalimantan conquered and chaos this area, and Chong successfully lead a group of villagers to stop and kill the tiger. During WW2, the Japanese conquered this village; with the help of Chong, the villagers survived and successfully stopped the Japanese coming into the village.

## Geography

The mukim spans over an area of 86 km$^2$.

## Demographics

A mainly Hakka community, the majority of the villagers have the same surname, "Chong". The mukim has 14,147 people.

## Economy

Most villagers are oil plantation owners, and most live in bungalows.

## Transportation
### Road

The town is accessible by bus from Larkin Sentral (2, 888) in Johor Bahru.
# David Heurtel

David Heurtel is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in a by-election on December 9, 2013. He represented the electoral district of Viau as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. He was re-elected in the 2014 election. During his tenure in the National Assembly he held the portfolios of environment minister and immigration minister. He declined to run in the 2018 provincial election.

## Electoral record

2014 Quebec general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | David Heurtel | 15,945 | 62.02 | +2.21 |
| | Parti Québécois | Odette Lavigne | 3,782 | 14.71 | +0.15 |
| | Québec solidaire | Geneviève Fortier-Moreau | 2,795 | 10.87 | -2.41 |
| | Coalition Avenir Québec | Wilner Cayo | 2,380 | 9.26 | +5.87 |
| | Green | Marijo Bourgault | 304 | 1.18 | -0.49 |
| | Parti nul | Benoit Valiquette | 181 | 0.70 | – |
| | Option nationale | Benjamin Michaud | 177 | 0.69 | -3.38 |
| | Bloc Pot | Ana Da Silva | 145 | 0.56 | – |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 25,709 | 98.62 | – |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 360 | 1.38 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 26,069 | 63.0 | +46.0 |
| Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | 41,161 | – | – |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | – |
Quebec provincial by-election, December 9, 2013 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | David Heurtel | 4,047 | 59.88 | +12.61 |
| | Parti Québécois | Tania Longpré | 985 | 14.58 | -9.09 |
| | Québec solidaire | Geneviève Fortier-Moreau | 897 | 13.27 | +1.75 |
| | Option nationale | Patrick Bourgeois | 309 | 4.57 | +1.60 |
| | Coalition Avenir Québec | Jamilla Leboeuf | 229 | 3.39 | -9.06 |
| | Green | Morgan Crockett | 113 | 1.67 | -0.45 |
| | Quebec Citizens' Union | Emilio Alvarez Garcia | 82 | 1.21 | |
| | Conservative | Jean-Paul Pellerin | 82 | 1.21 | |
| | Autonomist Team | Stéphane Pouleur | 14 | 0.21 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 6,758 | | – |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 100 | 1.46 | – |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,858 | 17.00 | |
| Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | Electors on the lists | 40,518 | – | – |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | +10.85 |
# Cosmas I of Constantinople

Cosmas I of Constantinople (Greek: Κοσμᾶς; died c. 1082) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 2 August 1075 to 8 May 1081.

## Biography

Originally from Antioch, Cosmas was educated and resided in Jerusalem for a large part of his life, earning his geographic epithet. He may have been appointed to the patriarchate out of a monastery near or in Jerusalem.
He crowned the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates. He disapproved of Nikephoros' marriage to the ex-wife of the previous Emperor Michael VII Doukas but took no further action than degrading the priest who performed the service. Later he used his influence to try to convince him to resign as his popularity declined and the empire entered a period of instability.
Cosmas I likewise crowned by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1081. When Alexios I attempted to repudiate his wife Irene Doukaina to marry the ex-empress Maria of Alania, Cosmas I successfully blocked the move as she had already been twice married. Cosmas I resigned or was forced out soon after, as Alexios I's mother, Anna Dalassene, disliked Irene's link to the Doukas family and resented this interference. She further pressed for the resignation as she wished to place her favourite on the patriarchal throne, which she achieved with the appointment of the ill-educated Eustratius Garidas. According to Anna Komnene, Cosmas I resigned voluntarily on the condition that he be allowed to crown Irene Doukaina empress first, which he did and then left.
The most important synodal action taken by Cosmas I was the condemnation, in 1076–1077, of certain heretical views taken by John Italus, a scholar connected to the Doukas family. In a more general sense, Cosmas I's retirement is said to mark a period where, between Alexios I and the emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the Church was moved to a position of dependence on, identification with, and subservience to the state, reversing the greater self-determination the Church had exercised through the eleventh century. The historian John Skylitzes (continuatus) speaks poorly of Cosmas I, suggesting that the emperor selected him for his lack of greatness, writing that after the death of the previous patriarch, Michael I of constantinople "chose another, not from those of the senate, nor from those of the Great Church, nor any other of the Byzantines famed for word and deed, but a certain monk Cosmas I sprung from the Holy City, and honoured by the Emperor [...] although he was without wisdom or taste [...]".
He was proclaimed a saint by the Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 2 January (new calendar).
# St Peter's Church, Caversham

St Peter's Church is a Church of England parish church in Caversham, a suburb of Reading in the English county of Berkshire. It is situated close to the River Thames in Caversham Heights.

## History

The church dates to 1162.
Royalists stationed troops in St Peter's Church during the Siege of Reading in 1643, and situated a cannon on top of the church tower. The Parliamentarians used artillery to destroy the tower. The church itself was also damaged in the process. The tower was initially replaced with a wooden tower. A south aisle was added in 1878, along with the present tower. It has eight bells, the oldest of which dates to 1637. Rectorial rights were restored in 1916.
# Stephenson College Boat Club

Stephenson College Boat Club (SCBC) is the rowing club of Stephenson College, Durham at Durham University on the River Wear in England.
GSCBC is a registered Boat Club through British Rowing, with Boat Code "GSC" and is a member organisation of Durham College Rowing.
In Durham, the club is a regular participant at Durham Regatta, races across the north east, the Head of the River Race in London and Durham College Rowing events.

## History

Between 2001 and 2006, the club was known as George Stephenson College Boat Club, and that legacy name is still reflected in the British Rowing boat code "GSC". Until 2017, the club was based on the River Tees at the River Tees Watersport Centre, in Stockton-on-Tees.
Since 2017, the club has been based on the River Wear in Durham City.
# Viktor Savelyev

Viktor Sergeyevich Savelyev (Russian: Ви́ктор Серге́евич Саве́льев; 24 February 1928 – 25 December 2013) was a Soviet and Russian surgeon. He was a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, from 1997 until his death, and of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. He was also a member of the Presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences and Head of the Department of Surgery of the Russian State Medical University. He died on 25 December 2013 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 85.

## Awards and honors

* Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1973)
* USSR State Prize (1975)
* Order of Lenin (1978)
* Hero of Socialist Labour (1988)
* State Prize of the Russian Federation (1993)
* Order "For Merit to the Fatherland":
** 4th class (1996)
** 3rd class (2003)
** 2nd class (2007)
* Demidov Prize (2002)
# El Grado

El Grado is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to 2009 data (INE), the municipality has a population of 506 inhabitants.
There is a large reservoir, managing the waters of river Cinca in this town's municipal term.
# Jerusalem Stone

The 'Jerusalem Stone' is an ancient artifact from the Hasmonean period.

## The stone

Archaeologists have discovered an ancient stone inscribed with the Hebrew text "Jerusalem," spelled identically to its modern form. The block was part of a carved column in a Roman-style structure.
Text:
,,Hananiah son of Dodalos of Jerusalem"
# Ndeshihafela Larandja

Ndeshihafela Larandja is a Namibian politician currently serving as the mayor of Windhoek.
# 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group B

The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group B is a CAF qualifying group for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The group contains Senegal, DR Congo, Mauritania, Togo, Sudan and South Sudan.
The group winner will directly qualify for the World Cup, and the runner-up could potentially compete in the second round to advance to the inter-confederation play-offs.

## Standings

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | | | | | | |
| 1 | Sudan | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | +6 | 10 | 2026 FIFA World Cup | — | 22 Mar | 1–0 | 1–1 | 25 Mar | Oct |
| 2 | Senegal | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 8 | Possible second round | Sep | — | 1–1 | 25 Mar | 4–0 | Oct |
| 3 | DR Congo | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 7 | | Oct | Sep | — | 1–0 | 21 Mar | 2–0 |
| 4 | Togo | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 3 | | Sep | 0–0 | Oct | — | 1–1 | 22 Mar |
| 5 | South Sudan | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | −7 | 2 | | 0–3 | Oct | Sep | Oct | — | 0–0 |
| 6 | Mauritania | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | −5 | 1 | | 0–2 | 0–1 | 25 Mar | Sep | Sep | — |

## Goalscorers

There have been 20 goals scored in 12 matches, for an average of 1.67 goals per match (as of 11 June 2024).
2 goals
* Sadio Mané
1 goal
* Théo Bongonda
* Meschak Elia
* Fiston Mayele
* Yoane Wissa
* Lamine Camara
* Habib Diallo
* Pape Matar Sarr
* Ismaïla Sarr
* Mohamed Abdelrahman
* Mohamed Eisa
* Walieldin Khedr
* Yaser Muzmel
* Seif Teiri
* Kévin Denkey
* Khaled Narey
1 own goal
* Charles Pickel (against Sudan)
* Aly Abeid (against Sudan)
* Roger Aholou (against South Sudan)
# Victor Abang

Victor Abang is a Nigerian politician who currently serves as a member of the Federal House of Representatives, representing Boki/Ikom constituency of Cross River State in the 10th National Assembly. He succeeded Chris Ngoro Agibe.
# James Raphael Anaparambil

James Raphael Anaparambil (born 7 March 1962) is an Indian prelate, clergyman and the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alleppey and the Apostolic Administrator sede plena of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin.

## Biography
### Early life

Anaparambil was born on March 7, 1962, as the fifth child of Anaparambil Raphael and Brigit. He completed his primary education at St. Mary's High School, Chellanam and pursued minor seminary studies in Alappuzha, followed by major seminary studies at St. Joseph's Pontifical Seminary, Aluva. From 1993 to 1998 he pursued higher studies in Biblical Theology at the Urbaniana University, earning a doctoral degree in Jewish culture. He also holds a master's degree in Judaism from the Pontifical Gregorian University.

### Priesthood

He was ordained priest on December 17, 1986, by Bishop Peter Chenaparambil. He later went onto hold various pastoral and academic roles within the Diocese of Alleppey. Early in his ministry, he served as chaplain at St. Thomas Parish in Thumpoly from 1986 to 1987. He later took on administrative responsibilities as Prefect and Procurator of Sacred Heart Minor Seminary in Mayithara and as the Diocesan Director of the Vocations Centre from 1989 to 1993.
His academic contributions included teaching Biblical Theology and Hebrew at St. Joseph's Pontifical Seminary in St. Joseph's Pontifical Seminary, Aluva from 1998 to 2013. During this time, he also held leadership positions, serving as President of the Faculty of Theology and Philosophy in Aluva between 2003 and 2006. From 2009 to 2012, he was appointed Rector of St. Joseph's Pontifical Seminary, Carmelgiri.
In addition to his academic roles, Anaparambil was actively involved in diocesan administration. Between 2014 and 2016, he served as the Vicar General for Clergy, Religious, and Seminarians in the Diocese of Alleppey, overseeing the pastoral and spiritual formation of clergy and religious members within the diocese.

### Bishop of Alleppey

On December 7, 2017, Pope Francis appointed James Raphael Anaparambil as the Coadjutor Bishop of the Diocese of Alleppey, replacing the retiring Bishop Stephen Athipozhiyil. Anaparambil's installation in Alleppey took place on October 11, 2019

### Apostolic Administrator of Cochin

On October 12, 2024, Bishop James Raphael Anaparambil of Alleppey was appointed Apostolic Administrator sede plena of the Diocese of Cochin. The diocese became vacant following the retirement of Bishop Joseph Kariyil on March 2, 2024.