OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Execution by guillotine

A guillotine (/ˈɡɪlətiːn/ GHIL-ə-teen /ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/ GHIL-ə-TEEN /ˈɡijətin/ GHEE-yə-teen) is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with a pillory at the bottom of the frame, holding the position of the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single, clean pass; the head falls into a basket or other receptacle below.
The guillotine is best known for its use in France, particularly during the French Revolution, where the revolution's supporters celebrated it as the people's avenger and the revolution's opponents vilified it as the pre-eminent symbol of the violence of the Reign of Terror. While the name "guillotine" dates from this period, similar devices had been in use elsewhere in Europe over several centuries. Use of an oblique blade and the pillory-like restraint device set this type of guillotine apart from others. Display of severed heads had long been one of the most common ways European sovereigns exhibited their power to their subjects.
The design of the guillotine was intended to make capital punishment more reliable and less painful in accordance with new Enlightenment ideas of human rights. Prior to use of the guillotine, France had inflicted manual beheading and a variety of methods of execution, many of which were more gruesome and required a high level of precision and skill to carry out successfully.
After its adoption, the device remained France's standard method of judicial execution until the abolition of capital punishment in 1981. The last person to be executed by a government via guillotine was Hamida Djandoubi on 10 September 1977 in France.
# Richard von Sturmer

Richard von Sturmer (born 1957) is an artist, poet, playwright, film-maker, and musician from New Zealand. He was born in Devonport, North Auckland.
His poetry and prose has appeared in journals such as The New Zealand Listener, brief, Landfall, Sport, and Zen Bow.
In music, von Sturmer fronted New Zealand punk/art band The Plague, continued with The Humanimals, Avant Garage, and wrote the lyrics for Blam Blam Blam's anti-Robert Muldoon song "There Is No Depression In New Zealand", which has been described as a 'classic alternative national anthem.' The Plague are particularly known for their 1979 performance at the Nambassa festival, where four members (including von Sturmer) appeared naked apart from body paint.
Richard von Sturmer is a Zen Buddhist, who gave up eating meat when he was 16. He studied for ten years at the Rochester Zen Center in New York.
Von Sturmer is married to Sensei Amala Wrightson (previously Charlotte Wrightson), with whom he co-founded the Auckland Zen Centre.
From 2014, von Sturmer has worked with film-maker Gabriel White as the duo The Floral Clocks, with von Sturmer writing lyrics which White set to music. These songs were released as an album Desert Fire, mostly performed by White alone. A second album, A Beautiful Shade of Blue was released in 2017, and their third Gas Giant was released in 2019.
He was a finalist for the Mary and Peter Biggs Award for Poetry at the 2025 Ockham New Zealand Book Awards for Slender Vollumes.

## Plays and film scripts

Von Sturmer was involved with the following plays and film scripts:
* 1976. Circadian Rhythms (dir: David Blythe)
* 1980. The Green Lion
* 1981. The Search for Otto

## Published collections of writing

Von Sturmer has published the following collections of writing:
* 1988. We Xerox Your Zebras
* 1991. A Network of Dissolving Threads
* 1998. Images From The Center (with photographer Joseph Sorrentino)
* 2005. Suchness: Zen Poetry and Prose
* 2009. On the Eve of Never Departing
* 2011. The Book of Equanimity Verses
* 2016. This Explains Everything (memoir)
* 2024. Slender Volumes (poetry)

## Exhibitions

Von Sturmer has had the following exhibitions:
* 1987 The Search for Otto in “Recent New Zealand Films”, Japan.
* 1990. The Search for Otto in “Images in Motion”. New Plymouth.
* 2007. 24 Tanka Films. Wellington. New Zealand Film Institute.
* 2010. Rubble Emits Light. Auckland. (Retrospective).
* 2011. The Stone Age Dream of Headstones. Auckland. (Group show)
# Ahn Byung-hong

Ahn Byung-hong or Ahn Byung-hoon (Korean: 안병훈; RR: An Byeong-hun,安秉勳 born 6 October 1940) is a South Korean former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Phoebis argante

Phoebis argante, the apricot sulphur or Argante giant sulphur, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae.

## Description

Phoebis argante has a wingspan of about 54–67 millimetres (2.1–2.6 in). The uppersides of the male's wings are bright orange with a thin black or dark brown border on forewings. The hindwings are slightly paler and have two small whitish spots in the middle. The basic colour of the females vary from white to yellow, with dark borders.
Larvae feed on Pentaclethra macroloba, Cassia biflora, Cassia fruticosa, Inga vera and Inga ruiziana.

## Distribution

This species can be found from Mexico up to Peru, in the Antilles and in Cuba.

## Subspecies

Specimens from Mexico to Panama do not have a recognised subspecies. The following subspecies are recognised:
* P. a. argante (Brazil, Uruguay)
* P. a. larra (Fabricius, 1798) (Guyana, Suriname)
* P. a. minuscula (Butler, 1869) (Cuba)
* P. a. rorata (Butler, 1869) (Dominican Republic)
* P. a. comstocki Avinoff, 1944 (Jamaica)
* P. a. chincha Lamas, 1976 (Peru)
* P. a. martini Comstock, 1944
R. a. argante puddles with other yellows and sulphurs including the stratia sulphur (Aphrissa statira), straight-line sulphur (Rhabdodryas trite) and orange-banded sulphur (Phoebis philea).
* P. a. argante
* Puddling, Cristalino River Southern Amazon, Brazil
* Puddling, Cristalino River
# Charles (1811 ship)

Charles was a schooner launched in 1804, possibly under another name. Between 1811 and 1814 she served as HM hired armed schooner Charles. She then returned to mercantile service. She initially traded with the Continent and Newfoundland, but for the remainder of her career she sailed between Bristol and Palermo. She was last listed in 1825.

## Career

The Royal Navy employed the hired armed schooner on contract between 23 October 1811 and 4 May 1814.
In December 1811, Lieutenant John Little was appointed captain of Charles, for service on the Downs station. Charles recaptured two merchant vessels, and witnessed the capture of two French privateers.
One of the recaptured vessels was Nancy, Morrison, master, which Charles recaptured on 8 October 1813.
In December 1813, Charles was attached to the fleet under Admiral Young, anchored off Walcheren. In the following spring she carried to France part of the suite of Louis XVIII. On Little's return from this mission, he was appointed to the schooner HMS Whiting.
After the end of her contract with the Navy, Charles returned to mercantile service. She first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1814.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
| 1814 | T.Atherdeen | T.Lloyd | London–Rotterdam | LR; raised 1814 |
| 1815 | T.Atherdeen Ambier | T.Lloyd | London–Rotterdam | LR; raised 1814 |
| 1818 | R.Burton | Bickley | Bristol–Newfoundland Bristol–Palermo | LR; raised 1814, good repair 1815, & repairs 1818 |
| 1820 | R.Burton | C.Harvey | Bristol–Palermo | LR; raised 1814, good repair 1815, & small repair 1818 |
Charles was last listed in 1825 with data unchanged since 1820.

## Citations

* 1 2 Winfield (2008), p. 395.
* 1 2 Marshall (1835), p. 74.
* ↑ "No. 16859". The London Gazette. 15 February 1814. p. 372.
* ↑ LR (1814), Supple. pages "C", Seq.No.C149.
# Aishwarya Nedunchezhiyan

Aishwarya Nedunchezhiyan (born 1 January 1996) is an Indian sailor. She won the bronze medal at 2014 Asian Games in Women's 29er event, along with Varsha Gautham.
# Inle (Santería)

Inle is the orisha of health and all medicinal healing in Santeria, and also in Candomblé and Palo Mayombe. Inle, also known as Erinle, is an Orisha who is associated with the estuary, an in-between space where the freshwater river meets the salty sea. He is the deity of health and medicine, the physician to other deities, hunter of the land and sea, and is often regarded as the patron of homosexual and transgender people. According to Yoruba tradition, Inle was a mighty hunter who became deified. He is also syncretized with the Archangel Raphael, whose name signifies "God heals." Raphael is frequently shown with fish, wearing blue and pink, and is the patron of nurses, doctors, and other medical workers.
Inle is commonly depicted as a strong, healthy-looking warrior and hunter, with flowing hair in seven braids and fine, feminine features that give him an androgynous appearance. He is always dressed elegantly, adorned in cowrie shells, coral, and beautiful feathers from the birds he hunts, and is often shown with snakes wound around him, recalling the association of snakes with healing as seen in the caduceus and staff of Aesculapius. Inle may also represented holding a staff, dagger, or a fishing hook . In nature, he is represented by fish. His colors are white, yellow, and blue, though some sources say indigo, turquoise, and coral. His sacrificial victims are typically pure white as well.
In one Cuban Santería "pataki", or mythological story, the sea goddess Yemaya (Yemoja) is tricked into incestuous sex with her son Shango. To hide her shame at this event, she banished her other two sons, Inle and Abbata, to live at the bottom of the ocean, additionally cutting out Inle's tongue and making Abbata deaf. As a result of their isolation and loneliness, Inle and Abbata become passionate friends and then lovers, able to communicate emphatically. This pataki is used to explain the origin of incest, muteness, and deafness in addition to homosexuality.
# PSU South stations

PSU South/Southwest 6th and College and PSU South/Southwest 5th and Jackson are a pair of light rail stations on the MAX Green, Orange and Yellow Lines in Portland, Oregon. Together, they serve as the southern passenger terminus—one for departures only and the other for arrivals only—of the Portland Transit Mall MAX line. The stations opened on September 2, 2012.
Although MAX trains began operating regularly past the sites of these stations on August 30, 2009, construction of the stations had yet to begin, because TriMet, operator of the MAX system, was still working with Portland State University officials on finalizing plans to redevelop the block of property adjacent to (and between) the two station sites as transit-oriented development. Those development plans were finalized in 2010, and construction of a new 16-story residence hall on the block began in November 2010, for opening in 2012. For the first three years of MAX service on the Portland Mall, from 2009 to 2012, the PSU Urban Center/Southwest 6th & Montgomery Street and PSU Urban Center/Southwest 5th & Mill Street stations temporarily served as the southern terminus (for passengers) of the Green and Yellow Lines.
The stations are built into the sidewalks of 5th and 6th Avenues, with the 5th Avenue platform being for southbound trains and the 6th Avenue platform for northbound trains. Each extends along the entire block face from Jackson Street to College Street, but their names refer only to the cross street located at the head end of a train stopping there. Except on Orange Line trains, passengers heading southbound are required to disembark at this station. From here, trains then continue south to the turnaround loop located just beyond the station, where layover is taken. There are two loop tracks immediately south of Jackson Street that allow terminating Green Line trains access to 6th Avenue from 5th, similar to the three-track loop near the Library/Southwest 9th Avenue and Galleria/Southwest 10th Avenue stations. The loop originally had three tracks, but one of them was removed when the Orange Line was built through the station.
In normal service, inbound Orange Line trains become Yellow Line trains upon arrival at this station.
# Kjell Egil Eimhjellen

Kjell Egil Eimhjellen (20 October 1928 – 23 July 2023) was a Norwegian microbiologist.
Eimhjellen took the siv.ing. degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1953, and studied at Stanford University from 1957 to 1959. From 1960 to 1996 he worked at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, except for stays at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1969 to 1970 and 1980 to 1981. He started as a lecturer, but was promoted to professor. He was dean of the Department of Chemistry from 1975 to 1977, and deputy rector of the university from 1984 to 1990, under rector Dag Kavlie.
Eimhjellen was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.
Kjell Eimhjellen resided in Ranheim. He died on 23 July 2023, at the age of 94.
# Vierka Berkyová

Vierka Berkyová (born 23 February 1991) is a Slovak singer who participated in the third season of SuperStar Search Slovakia in 2007, which she won.
Berkyovár is from a Romani family.
She and her family lived with the singer Ida Kellarová [cs] while working on the musical adaptation of Gypsies go to Heaven, which was depicted in the documentary Vierka, or The Mystery of Family Disappearance, filmed by Miroslav Janek [cs]. Berkyová released her first English single "This Love" in 2015 but the album she was to release was cancelled by Sony Music.
She subsequently abandoned popular music to dedicate herself to gospel music and religion.

## Slovensko hľadá SuperStar performances

| Episode | Theme | Song choice | Original artist | Result |
| Semi-final – Top 11 womens | Personal Choice | "What a Feeling" | Irene Cara | Safe |
| Semi-final – Top 9 womens | Personal Choice | "I'll Be There" | Mariah Carey | Safe |
| Semi-final – Top 7 womens | Personal Choice | "If I Ain't Got You" | Alicia Keys | Safe |
| Top 10 | Year they Were Born | "Emotions" | Mariah Carey | Safe |
| Top 9 | Rock | "Don't Speak" | No Doubt | Safe |
| Top 8 | Balads | "Anjelik môj" | Dara Rolins | Safe |
| Top 7 | Dance | "Dancing Queen" | ABBA | Safe |
| Top 6 | Big Bands and Duets | "Lásko má já stůňu" | Helena Vondráčková | Safe |
| Top 6 | Big Bands and Duets | "I'll Stand by You" with Ivana Kováčová | Girls Aloud | Safe |
| Top 5 | Miroslav Žbirka | "Atlantída" | Miroslav Žbirka | Bottom 2 |
| Top 5 | Miroslav Žbirka | "Dvaja" | Miroslav Žbirka | Bottom 2 |
| Top 4 | Unplugged | "Out of Reach" | Gabrielle | Safe |
| Top 4 | Unplugged | "Killing Me Softly" | Fugees | Safe |
| Top 3 | Idol's Choice | "From Sarah with Love" | Sarah Connor | Safe |
| Top 3 | Idol's Choice | "Ain't That Just A Way" | Lutricia McNeal | Safe |
| Top 3 | Idol's Choice | "Viem že povieš áno" | Tina | Safe |
| Finale | Favorite song | "Killing Me Softly" | Fugees | Winner |
| Finale | Christmas song | "Tři oříšky" | Iveta Bartošová | Winner |
| Finale | Winner's song | "Angels" | Jessica Simpson | Winner |
| Finale | Finalist duet | "Dotkni sa hviezd" with Dominika Mirgová | TOP 10 | Winner |

## Singles

* 2015: "This Love"
* 2015: "Through the Fire"
# Thomas Chaires

Thomas Peter Chaires (March 12, 1847 - August 17, 1899) was a state legislator in Florida in both the Florida House of Representatives and Florida Senate.

## Biography

Chairs was born March 12, 1847 in Leon County, Florida to Green D. Chaires and Anna Maria Parkhill. He received most of his education in a seminary in Tallahassee and enlisted in Robert H. Gamble's Artillery before transferring to Scott's Cavalry. A few years after the war in 1868 he moved to Cedar Key, Florida and started farming and raising cattle, then moved to Old Town in 1870 to avoid an epidemic.
He was elected to the Florida House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1885 representing Lafayette County, and then the Florida Senate in 1887 and again in 1899.

## Personal life

Chaires died August 17, 1899 from issues with his liver and was survived by his wife and three sons. One of his sons, McQueen Chaires, also became a state legislator in Florida.
# Jakub Jarosz

Jakub Władysław Jarosz (born 10 February 1987) is a Polish professional volleyball player who plays as an opposite spiker for Trefl Gdańsk. He is a former member of the Poland national team, a participant in the Olympic Games London 2012, 2009 European Champion and the 2012 World League winner.

## Personal life

Jakub Jarosz was born in Nysa, Poland. His grandfather and father Maciej are former volleyball players. His brother Marcin was also a volleyball player. On 12 May 2012, he married Agnieszka (née Trzcińska). On 26 August 2013, their first child was born, a son named Kacper. In early 2017, his wife gave birth to their second son Leon.

## Career
### National team

In 2009, the Polish national volleyball team, including Jarosz, won a title of the European Champions. On 14 September 2009, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of Polonia Restituta. The Order was conferred on the following day by the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk. With the national team, he won three medals in 2011 – silver at the 2011 World Cup, bronze at the 2011 World League and 2011 European Championship. In 2012, he won a gold medal of the 2012 World League.

## Honours
### Club

* CEV Cup
** 2010–11 – with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
** 2012–13 – with Andreoli Latina
* Domestic
** 2008–09 Polish Cup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2008–09 Polish Championship, with PGE Skra Bełchatów

### Youth national team

* 2005 CEV U19 European Championship

### Individual awards

* 2005: CEV U19 European Championship – Most valuable player

### State awards

* 2009: Knight's Cross of Polonia Restituta

### Statistics

* 2009–10 PlusLiga – Best scorer (605 points)
* 2009–10 PlusLiga – Best spiker (514 points)
* 2009–10 PlusLiga – Best server (54 aces)
# Cristian Avram

Cristian Avram (born 27 July 1994) is a Moldovan professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Azerbaijan Premier League club Araz-Naxçıvan and the Moldova national team.

## International career

At international level, Avram played for the under-17 and under-21 teams of Moldova.
He made his debut for the Moldova national team on 6 June 2021 in a friendly against Azerbaijan.
# Kristy Sandoval

Kristy Sandoval (born 1983) is a Xicana muralist based out of the Northeast San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California.

## Background

She has painted over fifty murals since the start of her art career and has painted murals in Turkey. Sandoval is a featured artist and founder of Pacoima's Mural Mile and also works as Program and Volunteer Manager for Casa Esperanza. In 2017 she worked as a spokesperson for the NFL's Los Angeles Rams in collaboration to promote "Mi Cuidad, Mi Eqipo, Mis Rams" and celebrate Hispanic Heritage month. Notable award was in 2016 received the Phenomenal Woman Award by the Department of Gender & Women's Studies at Cal State University Northridge.
Sandoval studied at the Academy of Art University, receiving her BA in Web Design and New Media (2002-2007)

## Art

* Decolonized 2015 is a mural part of Pacoima's Mural Mile. It features a woman who has blue hairs in the style of dreads and a tattoo on her left arm of Aztec Moon Goddess Coyolxauhqui. She uses a window with bars over it to create a cage image that has parrots and butterflies being set free.
* Being human, human being 22' x 50' is a mural that shows two crows perched on a bones with a background representing a serape. This piece is located in (Kadikoy) Istanbul, Turkey and was painted during the Mural Istanbul Festival (2015) where Sandoval was the first woman to participate.
* Assada Shakur 15' x 45' is another mural located on Pacoima's Mural Mile. This mural features Assata Shakur, an African American Freedom Fighter, author and political activist surrounded by flowers and the phrase "A Womyn's Place is in the Struggle". Sandoval was intentional in her spelling to try and show support to women with showing the word man is not needed to define them. She painted this mural as a collaboration with the HOOD Sisters.
# 2010 Vincentian general election

General elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 13 December 2010. The result was a victory for the Unity Labour Party, which won eight of the fifteen seats in the House of Assembly.

## Background

The date of the elections was announced at the Calliaqua Playing Field by Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves on 14 November 2010. It was also announced that parliament would be dissolved on 15 November and nomination day would be on 26 November.

## Campaign

A total of 44 candidates contested the elections; the Unity Labour Party and the New Democratic Party both fielded a full slate of 15 candidates, whilst the Green Party had 14 candidates.

## Results

| | Unity Labour Party | 32,099 | 51.11 | 8 | –4 |
| | New Democratic Party | 30,568 | 48.67 | 7 | +4 |
| | Green Party | 138 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 62,805 | 100.00 | 15 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 62,805 | 99.70 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 188 | 0.30 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 62,993 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 101,067 | 62.33 | | |
| Source: Electoral Office ||||||
# John Harmon (actor)

John Harmon (June 30, 1905 – August 6, 1985) was an American character actor.
Harmon was a very prolific bit actor. His career spanned over six decades and almost 300 movie and television roles in a wide variety of genres. Many of his earlier appearances are uncredited. His first major screen credit was in I Was Framed (1942). His movie career highlights were roles in Gallant Bess, The Monster of Piedras Blancas, Live Fast, Die Young and The Street is my Beat. The movie in which he made his last screen appearance, The Naked Monster, was released in 2005, twenty years after his death. Harmon's most notable TV roles were in Bonanza, The Twilight Zone, Perry Mason (as a police fingerprint/ballistics expert), Star Trek (in the episodes "The City on the Edge of Forever" and "A Piece of The Action"), The Rifleman (as the hotel clerk Eddie Halstead) and Gunsmoke (again as a hotel clerk in S1E15's “Gold Mine” & as town judge in S7E24’s “Coventry”). He also made several appearances as various criminals in Adventures of Superman.
In his later years, Harmon became a used books dealer in Los Angeles. He collected first editions of Mark Twain. He suffered a stroke about a year before he died from heart failure.

## Selected filmography

* The Missing Guest (1938) as Baldrich's Guard
* King of the Underworld (1939) as Slats
* The Shepherd of the Hills (1941) as Revenue Agent
* I Was Framed (1942) as Clubby Blake
* Tramp, Tramp, Tramp (1942) as Mousey
* Find the Blackmailer (1943) as Ray Hickey
* Louisiana (1947) as Steve
* Monsieur Verdoux (1947) as Joe Darwin
* Whiplash (1948) as fighter Kid McKee (uncredited)
* Homicide (1949) as Pete Kimmel
* Tangier Incident (1953) as Tony
* Run for the Hills (1953) as Jed Taylor
* Jack Slade (1953) as Hollis
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1956) (Season 1 Episode 27: "Help Wanted") as Donations Collector
* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1959) (Season 4 Episode 31: "Your Witness") as Al Carmody
* Funny Girl (1968) as Company Manager
* Hitch Hike to Hell (1977) as Mr. Baldwin
* Malibu High (1979) as Mr. Elmhurst
* Microwave Massacre (1979) as Dr. Gestalp