OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Orlivka, Ocheretyne settlement hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Orlivka (Ukrainian: Орлівка,) is a village in Ocheretyne settlement hromada, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.

## History
### Russo-Ukrainian War
#### Russian invasion of Ukraine

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Orlivka has been the site of fighting since the end of the battle of Avdiivka in February 2024. On 19 March, Russia took over control of the village as the Ukrainian Armed Forces left the village.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the settlement had 874 inhabitants. Their native languages were 25.71% Ukrainian, 74.14% Russian, 0.11% Belarusian and Moldovan (Romanian).
# Lisa Folawiyo

Lisa Folawiyo is a Nigerian fashion designer.

## Biography

Lisa Folawiyo has a background in law, which she studied at the University of Lagos. She is ethnic Yoruba.
She started her label Jewel by Lisa in 2005 from her home, with an initial investment of 20,000 Naira. She bought 12 yards of fabric and made the first pieces with her mother. She has showrooms in Nigeria and in New York. She incorporates traditional West African textiles such as Ankara with modern tailoring techniques and an emphasis on beading and sequin trim. Senegalese-American actress Issa Rae has worn her clothing. In 2012 she was featured in Vogue Italia.

## Prizes

* 2012: Africa Fashion Award
* 2014: One of eight emerging talents by WWD Women's Wear Daily
* 2015: Featured in the BOF500

## Personal life

Folawiyo had been married for 18 years. She is mother to two children. Her father-in-law was the industrialist Wahab Iyanda Folawiyo.
# Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co.

Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co., 304 U.S. 518 (1938), is a court case in which the appellee, the Yosemite Park and Curry Co., brought this suit to enjoin the California State Board of Equalization and the State Attorney General from enforcing the 'Alcoholic Beverage Control Act' of the State of California, within the limits of Yosemite National Park.

## Supreme Court involvement

The court distinguished between the State's power under the Twenty-first Amendment to regulate the importation of liquor to the state, and its "territorial jurisdiction" over a federal enclave like the park.
The court held that the sections of a California statute which levied excises on sales of liquor in Yosemite National Park were enforceable in the Park, while sections of the same statute providing regulation of the Park liquor traffic through licenses were unenforceable.
# Douglas v. Cunningham

Douglas v. Cunningham, 294 U.S. 207 (1935), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the Copyright Act of 1909 allowed an award of $5,000 instead of a copyright infringement damages calculation based on the newspaper's circulation.
# Hale v. Kentucky

Hale v. Kentucky, 303 U.S. 613 (1938), was a United States Supreme Court case relating to racial discrimination in the selection of juries for criminal trials. The case overturned the conviction of an African American man accused of murder because the lower court of Kentucky had systematically excluded African Americans from serving on the jury in the case. NAACP counsel, including Charles H. Houston, Leon A. Ransom and Thurgood Marshall, represented Hale.

## Background

Joe Hale, an African American, had been convicted in McCracken County, Kentucky. No African Americans were selected as jury members within the previous 50 years although nearly 7,000 were eligible for jury service.

## Opinion of the Court

The court unanimously ruled that the plaintiff's civil rights had been violated.

## Impact

Hale v. Kentucky was one in a series of cases where the Supreme Court overturned convictions of blacks for reason of discrimination in jury selections in the lower courts.
# Taylor v. Standard Gas & Electric Co.

Taylor v. Standard Gas and Electric Company, 306 U.S. 307 (1939), was an important United States Supreme Court case in United States corporate law that laid down the "Deep Rock doctrine" as a rule of bankruptcy and corporate law. This holds that claims, as creditors, upon an insolvent subsidiary company by controlling shareholders or other insiders, like managers or directors, will be subordinated to the claims of all other creditors.

## Facts

The Deep Rock Oil Corporation was an undercapitalized subsidiary of the defendant Standard Gas Company.

## Judgment

The Supreme Court held that, where a subsidiary corporation declares bankruptcy and an insider or controlling shareholder of that subsidiary corporation asserts claims as a creditor against the subsidiary, loans made by the insider to the subsidiary corporation may be deemed to receive the same treatment as shares of stock owned by the insider.
Therefore, the insider's claims will be subordinated to the claims of all other creditors, i.e. other creditors will be paid first, and if there is nothing left after other creditors are paid then the insider gets nothing. This also applies (and indeed the doctrine was first established) where a parent company asserts such claims against its own subsidiary.
The doctrine will be applied where equity requires, particularly where the subsidiary was undercapitalized at the time that it was established, and can thereby be shown to have been mismanaged for the parent corporation's benefit.
# United States v. Bekins

United States v. Bekins, 304 U.S. 27 (1938), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the federal government's bankruptcy powers can extend to state agencies without violating federalism principles.

## Significance

Two year earlier, the court invalidated the Municipal Bankruptcy Act of 1934 in Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. 1, emphasizing concerns over federalism. In response, Congress passed a revised Municipal Bankruptcy Act in 1936 that emphasized the autonomy of states in the bankruptcy process. Bekins upheld the revised statute. Bekins did not explicitly overrule Ashton; instead, it said the statute's respect for federalism was constitutionally adequate.
In dissent, Justice McReynolds (who wrote Ashton) said that Ashton ought to have applied in this case as well.
# United States v. Sprague

United States v. Sprague, 282 U.S. 716 (1931), was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the Fifth Article of the US Constitution. The defendants had been indicted under the National Prohibition Act and were attempting to quash their indictments, arguing that the Eighteenth Amendment had not been properly ratified. Their reasoning was that the Congress of the United States had chosen to ratify it by usage of state legislatures instead of constitutional conventions.
If this were held true, Congress would have exceeded its authority in passing the NPA. The court did not agree, however, ruling that the Constitution explicitly authorized Congress to determine the method used in ratifying amendments. In part, Article Five states that any amendment "shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress" (emphasis added).
Furthermore, the court rejected the defendants' claim that the Eighteenth Amendment needed to be ratified by state conventions since "all [previous amendments] save the Eighteenth dealt solely with governmental means and machinery rather than with the rights of the individual citizen." The Constitution does not make a difference between types of amendments, the court held, so the amendment, "by lawful proposal and ratification, has become a part of the Constitution."
# Troitske, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast

Troitske (Ukrainian: Троїцьке; Russian: Троицкое) is a village in Pokrovsk Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 31.1 km NNE from the centre of Donetsk city. On May 14, 2022, the Donetsk People's Republic militia's 1st mechanised battalion took control over the village from the Ukrainian Armed Forces.

## Demographics

In 2001 the settlement had 239 inhabitants. As of the Ukrainian Census of 2001, Ukrainian is the native language of 87.03% of the population and Russian the native language of 12.55% of the population.
# Brazilian ironclad Herval

The Brazilian ironclad Herval was a Mariz e Barros-class ironclad corvette operated by the Imperial Brazilian Navy from 1866 to 1879. It participated in the battles of the Paraguayan War.

## Design and description

Herval was an iron-hulled, fully rigged central battery ship. It was 191 feet (58 m) long. The ship had a beam of 36 feet (11 m) and a maximum draft of 9 feet 6 inches (2.90 m). Herval displaced 1,353 metric tons (1,332 long tons). Its crew consisted of 125 men. The engines produced a total of 600 indicated horsepower (450 kW) and gave Herval a maximum speed of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). Herval was armed with four 70-pounder Whitworth rifled muzzle-loading guns. The ship was protected by a 4.5-inch (110 mm) iron belt and 3 inches (76 mm) at the casemate.

## Construction

Herval was built at the shipyards in Plymouth, England. It was the second ship to bear the name Herval, in honor of general Manuel Luís Osório, Marquis of Erval. The ship was originally ordered by Paraguay, who named it Medusa, but it was sold to Brazil as the Paraguayans, in financial difficulties due to the ongoing Paraguayan War, were unable to pay for it. It belongs to the same class as the armored corvette Mariz e Barros. The ship arrived in Brazil on 30 May 1866 and on 19 July of the same year it was officially named Herval, being incorporated into the navy also in the same year under the command of first lieutenant Tomás Pedro de Bittencourt Cotrim.

## Service

Its main actions took place during the Paraguayan War. On 2 February 1867, Herval participated in the bombing of Curupayty. On 2 March 1868, together with the ironclad Brasil, it went to the aid of the ironclads Lima Barros and Cabral, repelling a Paraguayan attempt to board the ships. Also in 1868, it took part in operations in Curupayty, Humaitá and Angostura.
After the war, it underwent renovation in 1875 in Rio de Janeiro. It was decommissioned in 1879, with its machines being removed to be used in the corvette Primeiro de Março.
# Phil D. Brewer

Phil D. Brewer was an American politician who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives, as a judge in Oklahoma, and on the Oklahoma Supreme Court Commission.

## Biography

Phil Doddridge Brewer was born on June 18, 1861, near Hackett, Arkansas, during the American Civil War to John O. Brewer and Sarah Louisa Brewer. He studied at the country summer schools during his childhood before attending DePauw University for one year. He started teaching at 19 and by 24 he studied law under John S. Little. In 1890, he was elected to one term in the Arkansas House of Representatives representing Sebastian County as a member of the Democratic Party. He moved to Indian Territory in 1895, a year after he married Annie L. Garner. He moved to McAlester, Oklahoma, in 1897 and practiced law until 1909 when Governor Charles Haskell appointed him to the Superior Court. In 1910 he won a 4-year term to the same office, but he resigned in August 1911 to accept an appointment on the Oklahoma Supreme Court Commission. He resigned in 1916 to return to private practice. He died on August 28, 1932, in Oklahoma City.
# Madonna and Child with an Apple

Madonna and Child with an Apple or Madonna and Child Holding an Apple is a tempera and gold on panel painting by Carlo Crivelli, executed c. 1480, now in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, having entered it as part of the Jones collection - its previous provenance is unknown. It is signed OPVS CAROLI CRIVELLI VENETI.
Usually placed between the artist's Lenti Madonna and Ancona Madonna and Child in terms of dating, it was produced for private devotion. Several replicas are known - one each in a private collection in Venice (possibly seen by Testi in 1915), the one in the Eugen Bracht Collection in Berlin and later in the Hermann Eissler Collection in Vienna is now in New York (with variations; attributed to the Master of the Brera Predella by Drey in 1927), Museo della Ca' d'Oro in Venice (school of Crivelli with variations).
# Judy Nelson

Judy Hill Nelson is an American author best known for her 1983–1991 romance (while married) with and eventual palimony suit against professional tennis star Martina Navratilova.

## Books

After their break-up, Nelson was the author of the books Love Match: Nelson vs. Navratilova, chronicling her relationship with the tennis star, and Choices: My Journey After Leaving My Husband for Martina and a Lesbian Life, chronicling her coming out as a lesbian in the mid-1980s.

## Personal life

Nelson is the mother of two sons.
# Filip Božić

Filip Božić (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Божић; born 9 March 1999) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian football midfielder who plays for Serbian club OFK Beograd.

## Club career

Born in Paraćin, Filip Božić played in OFK Beograd academy. Later, in summer 2017, he signed with FK Partizan where he played in the youth team. During winter-break of the 2017–18 season he signed with FK Mačva Šabac.

## International career

Despite having been born in Paraćin, Serbia, he decided to represent Bosnia and Herzegovina internationally having debuted for their under 17 team in 2016.
# Don Meineke

Don "Monk" Meineke (October 30, 1930 – September 3, 2013) was an American basketball player. He played college basketball for the University of Dayton and was a consensus second-team All-American in 1952. He later played professionally in the National Basketball Association and won the inaugural Rookie of the Year award in 1953.

## College career

Meineke averaged 20.6 points as a junior for the Dayton Flyers, carrying the team to an NIT runner-up finish in 1951. He averaged 21.1 points per game as a senior and led the team to another second-place finish in the NIT in 1952. Meineke was an AP second-team All-American selection after his senior year.

## Professional career

Meineke received the National Basketball Association's first Rookie of the Year Award after the 1952–53 NBA season while playing for the Fort Wayne Pistons. He led the league in personal fouls and disqualifications the same season. The 26 disqualifications he had in his first year is still the NBA single-season record. His 334 personal fouls in only 68 games gave him an average of more than 4.9 fouls per game.
Meineke played for the Rochester Royals in the 1955–56 season, and after sitting out the 1956–57 season, rejoined the relocated Cincinnati Royals in 1957–58.

## Personal life

Meineke was married to Mary Jane (Hautman) and they had four children.

## NBA career statistics
### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1952–53 | Fort Wayne | 68 | 33.1 | .381 | .783 | 6.9 | 2.2 | 10.7 |
| 1953–54 | Fort Wayne | 71 | 20.9 | .344 | .805 | 5.2 | 1.1 | 5.7 |
| 1954–55 | Fort Wayne | 68 | 15.1 | .372 | .700 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 5.8 |
| 1955–56 | Rochester | 69 | 18.1 | .372 | .700 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 7.1 |
| 1957–58 | Cincinnati | 67 | 11.8 | .356 | .647 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 4.9 |
| Career | Career | 343 | 19.8 | .367 | .756 | 4.7 | 1.3 | 6.8 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1953 | Fort Wayne | 8 | 28.4 | .375 | .682 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 7.5 |
| 1954 | Fort Wayne | 4 | 21.8 | .261 | .636 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 4.8 |
| 1955 | Fort Wayne | 11 | 14.7 | .450 | .920 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 5.4 |
| 1958 | Cincinnati | 2 | 16.0 | .091 | .750 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 4.0 |
| Career | Career | 25 | 20.3 | .351 | .750 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 5.8 |
# Sakina Khatun

Sakina Khatun (born 20 June 1989) is an Indian powerlifter from West Bengal. She won bronze medal in the women's 61 kg event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

## Early life

Khatun was born in Basirhat, North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. She was afflicted with polio since she was young. Her father worked as a marginal farmer and the family faced many difficulties financially. She had to undergo four surgeries to survive polio. As swimming helps strengthen most muscles in body, she was suggested by doctors to take up swimming. It was then that her journey with sports began. She did her schooling from Kabiriya High School, Madrasa. She was introduced to powerlifting by Farman Basha and started training after completing her class 12 in 2010.

## Powerlifting

Khatun represented India in the Commonwealth Games at Glasgow in 2014 and won a bronze medal in the women's light lifting category (up to 61 kg) with a total lift of 88.2kg. She also participated in 2020 Tokyo Paralympics where she stood 5th by lifting 93kg. She won a silver medal at the Asian Para Games in 2018.
She represented India in the World Championships in 2014 at Dubai, UAE and in 2017 at Mexico City, Mexico without much success. But she improved at the World Championships in Tbilisi, Geo in 2021. Later, she came sixth in the World Championships at Nur Sultan, Kazakhstan, 2019. She came sixth in the World Championships at Dubai, UAE in 2023.

## Awards

She was among the nine women achievers at the 2016 BREW awards organised by The Brew Magazine in Chennai on the occasion of 2016 International Women's Day.
# Sami Sauiluma

Sami Sauiluma (born 14 February 1993) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Burleigh Bears in the Queensland Cup. He primarily plays at centre and wing, but can also fill in at second-row and previously played for the Canberra Raiders and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the NRL.

## Background

Born in Bankstown, New South Wales, Sauiluma is of Samoan descent and played his junior rugby league for the Woden Valley Rams, before being signed by the Canberra Raiders.
Sauiluma is a cousin of Wests Tigers player Tim Simona.

## Playing career
### Early career

From 2009 to 2011, Sauiluma played for the Canberra Raiders' NYC team, before moving on to the Raiders' NSW Cup team, Mount Pritchard Mounties in 2012.

### 2013

In Round 15 of the 2013 NRL season, Sauiluma made his NRL debut for the Canberra Raiders against the Wests Tigers. On 19 September, he was named in the Samoan train-on squad for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup, but didn't make the final cut.

### 2014

On 21 September, Sauiluma was named at centre in the 2014 New South Wales Cup Team of the Year. On 25 September, he signed a 1-year contract with the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks starting in 2015.

### 2015

In round 9 of the 2015 NRL season, Sauiluma made his Cronulla-Sutherland debut against the New Zealand Warriors. On 27 September, he was named at centre in the 2015 New South Wales Cup Team of the Year, for a second year in a row. At the conclusion of the 2015 season, he was released by Cronulla-Sutherland. In November, he joined the Gold Coast Titans to train in the 2016 pre-season and attempt to gain a contract but this proved unsuccessful.

### 2016 to 2023

In 2016, Sauiluma joined Queensland Cup side Burleigh. He played in the clubs 2016 and 2019 Queensland Cup grand final victories. He made his 100th appearance for Burleigh during the 2021 season.
# Rieul (hangul)

Rieul (sign: ㄹ; Korean: 리을, rieul) is a consonant of the Korean alphabet. Rieul is pronounced [ɾ] at the beginning of a syllable and [l] at the end of a syllable. For example: 러시아 reosia ("Russia"), 별 byeol ("star").

## Computing codes

Character information :
| Preview | ㄹ | ㄹ | ᄅ | ᄅ | ᆯ | ᆯ | ㈃ | ㈃ | ㉣ | ㉣ |
| Unicode name | HANGUL LETTER RIEUL | HANGUL LETTER RIEUL | HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL | HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL | HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL | HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL | PARENTHESIZED HANGUL RIEUL | PARENTHESIZED HANGUL RIEUL | CIRCLED HANGUL RIEUL | CIRCLED HANGUL RIEUL |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 12601 | U+3139 | 4357 | U+1105 | 4527 | U+11AF | 12803 | U+3203 | 12899 | U+3263 |
| UTF-8 | 227 132 185 | E3 84 B9 | 225 132 133 | E1 84 85 | 225 134 175 | E1 86 AF | 227 136 131 | E3 88 83 | 227 137 163 | E3 89 A3 |
| Numeric character reference | &#12601; | &#x3139; | &#4357; | &#x1105; | &#4527; | &#x11AF; | &#12803; | &#x3203; | &#12899; | &#x3263; |
# SCM Oran

Sporting Club Médiouni d'Oran (Arabic: النادي الرياضي لمديوني وهران), known as SCM Oran or SCMO for short is an Algerian soccer club based in the Médiouni quarter of the city of Oran. The club was founded in 1945 and its colours are black and green. Their home stadium, Habib Bouakeul Stadium, has a capacity of 20,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Inter-Régions Division.

## History

The club was founded on 10 May 1945 in the popular neighbourhood Médioni in Oran. Between 1977 and 1987 the club was renamed Chabab Médioni Halib d'Oran (CMH Oran).

## Crest

* Former logo
* Present logo

## Achievements

* Honour Division Championship of West League of Oran (2 times)
** Champion (2): 1963, 1965
* Algerian Championship
** Third place (2): 1963, 1966

## Stadium

The team plays in the Habib Bouakeul Stadium which holds 20,000 people.
# Taft v. Bowers

Taft v. Bowers, 278 U.S. 470 (1929), was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court dealing with taxation of a gift of shares of stock under the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The recipient of shares of stock, Elizabeth Taft, argued that she could not be taxed on the amount that the gift increased in value before she received it. She agreed that the IRS could tax the increase in value of the gift that occurred after her receipt of the gift.

## The Case

Ms. Taft's father purchased 100 shares of stock in 1916 for $1000. In 1923, he gave them to Ms. Taft, when they were valued at $2000. Ms. Taft sold them later that year for $5000. The IRS argued that she should have to pay tax on $4000 - the total amount of appreciation since the stock was first purchased. Ms. Taft argued that she should only pay tax on $3000 - the amount of appreciation gained while she was the owner of the stock. Although the tax code indicated that Congress specifically intended that donees pay tax on all appreciation since the purchase of the property, Ms. Taft argued that the Sixteenth Amendment did not grant Congress the authority to authorize this type of tax.
The Supreme Court held that the IRS could tax the appreciation which occurred while the gift was in the hands of the donor, finding that nothing in the Constitution requiring Congress to tax increased capital only so far as the increase occurred while in the hands of the current owner. As Ms. Taft accepted the gift with knowledge of the statute, she voluntarily assumed the position of the donor with respect to the appreciation of the stock. The rationale for the decision is that otherwise the appreciation occurring in the hands of the donor would never be taxed.
# WKTY

WKTY (580 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a sports format. Licensed to La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States, the station serves the La Crosse area. The station is owned by Mid-West Family Broadcasting and features programming from Westwood One and Infinity Sports Network.

## Play-by-Play Sports

The station serves as the La Crosse affiliate for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League, Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball, and Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association. WKTY also carries local college and high school athletics.

## Programming

WKTY broadcast a mixture of local, regional, and national sports programming. Its national shows include The Dan Patrick Show, The Jim Rome Show, and select programming from CBS Sports Radio and Westwood One. The station also carries The Bill Michaels Show, a regional sports talk show; local programming with Dave Carney in the morning, The WiscoSports Show in the evenings with Grant Blise; and local play-by-play sports.

## History

WKTY began broadcasting May 27, 1948, on 580 kHz with 1 KW power (full-time). It was owned by the La Crosse Broadcasting Company and was a Mutual affiliate. During the 1980s, the station was full service, switching back and forth between playing country music and adult contemporary.