OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Christie

Thomas Christie (1761–1796) was a Scottish radical political writer during the late 18th century. He was one of the two original founders of the important liberal journal, the Analytical Review.

## Life

Christie was born to Alexander Christie (brother of the Unitarian writer William Christie), a merchant in Montrose, Scotland in 1761. Christie attended a local grammar school and subsequently became a clerk in a bank. Deciding that he was more interested in literature and science, Christie studied medicine independently and then matriculated at the Westminster General Dispensary in London in 1784. At the same time, he began writing a series of articles on natural history for the Gentleman's Magazine and became friends with its editor, John Nichols. Although he attended the University of Edinburgh in 1785 and 1786 to earn his medical degree, he left the program to dedicate himself to a life of letters.
In 1787 Christie took a six-month tour of Britain, visiting almost every important town. He met and began a correspondence with Anna Seward, a poet living in Lichfield; he also made the acquaintance of the naturalist and poet Erasmus Darwin, the naturalist and antiquary Thomas Pennant and the Dissenting minister and scientist Joseph Priestley.
In 1788 Christie and Joseph Johnson founded the highly influential Analytical Review, a periodical dedicated to open inquiry. It became the mouthpiece for reformers during the 1790s. A year later, he published the first part of Miscellanies, Philosophical, Medical, and Moral, the work for he which is best known. It discusses topics ranging from theology to public education to history.
During 1790 Christie spent six months in Paris, meeting many important French revolutionaries such as Mirabeau, Sieyès and Necker. Upon his return to Britain, he became a loyal supporter of the revolution and published A Sketch of the New Constitution of France. In 1791, he was one of the many who participated in the Revolution Controversy begun by Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). His reply, Letters on the Revolution in France and the New Constitution, described his impressions of Paris and provided a contrast to Burke's depiction of it as lawless and violent. In 1792 he returned to Paris and was asked by the National Assembly to help translate a polyglot edition of the constitution.
On 9 September 1792 Christie married a Miss Thomson and entered into a partnership with her grandfather's successful London carpet manufacturing business. In 1796 he traveled to Suriname on business and died there.
# Chen Shuozhen

Chen Shuozhen (Chinese: 陳碩真; pinyin: Chén Shuòzhēn; died 653) was a Tang dynasty woman from Muzhou (in modern Chun'an, Zhejiang), who led a peasant uprising in 653. During the rebellion, she declared herself Empress Wenjia (文佳皇帝), becoming the first female rebel leader in Chinese history to assume the title of Huangdi ("emperor"). Shuozhen rang bells and burnt incense as she marched to war. She was said to have magic powers, and her people said she was a deity.

## Biography

Chen Shuozhen's family and background are not entirely known, though her skill with warfare suggests she may have come from a family with martial experience. She may have come from a humble background, as she is sometimes referred to as a peasant.
In the early years of Tang Gaozong, the Zhejiang area went through successive periods of famine. The peasants were living in precarious conditions, due to hunger and also the oppression of the nobles. Because of this, there was an increasing discontent with the feudal lords and the Empire. This may have inspired Chen Shuozen to rebel, and may have encouraged people to join her.
In 653 AD, less than four years after the death of Emperor Taizong, a large-scale peasant uprising occurred in Zhejiang during the fourth year of Tang Gaozong's Yonghui era. Chen Shuozhen was the leader of this rebellion, she claimed to return to the world from heaven. She gathered a large number of believers with enchanting people. In early 653, she started her own army and claimed to be "Huangdi Wenjia"; and appointed her brother-in-law (Zhang Shuzeng) as her prime minister.
Chen Shuozhen led two thousand people to capture Chenzhou and Yuqian County, she also attacked Zhangzhou but failed. After several battles the whole army was wiped out. She was also killed in November of that year, and tens of thousands of people surrendered.
Chen Shuozhen's reign lasted only two months, with the last of her 14,000 troops surrendering in late 653. Her story survives though as she's said to have inspired Fang La's uprising at the end of the Northern Song dynasty and remains prominent in Zhejiang folklore.
Historian Jian Bozan (翦伯赞) recognized Chen Shuozhen as the first empress-regnant in Chinese history.
# Max Heß

Max Heß (born 13 July 1996) is a German track and field athlete who competes in the triple jump. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics and is the 2016 European Champion.

## Career

Born in 1996, Heß won a silver medal at the 2014 World Junior Championships. He won another silver medal at the 2016 World Indoor Championships. He won gold at the 2016 European Championships. In 2017, he competed in the European Indoor Championships and the European U23 Championships, winning bronze in both. At the former, he set a personal best and German record of 17.52 m.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Germany ||||||
| 2013 | World Youth Championships | Donetsk, Ukraine | 8th | Triple jump | 15.52 m |
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 2nd | Triple jump | 16.55 m |
| 2015 | European Indoor Championships | Prague, Czech Republic | 11th (q) | Long jump | 7.71 m |
| 2016 | World Indoor Championships | Portland, United States | 2nd | Triple jump | 17.14 m |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 1st | Triple jump | 17.20 m |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 15th (q) | Triple jump | 16.56 m |
| 2017 | European Indoor Championships | Belgrade, Serbia | 3rd | Triple jump | 17.12 m |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 3rd | Triple jump | 16.68 m |
| 2018 | World Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 11th | Triple jump | 16.47 m |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 15th (q) | Triple jump | 16.32 m |
| 2019 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 3rd | Triple jump | 17.10 m |
| 2021 | European Indoor Championships | Toruń, Poland | 3rd | Triple jump | 17.01 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 17th (q) | Triple jump | 16.69 m |
| 2022 | World Championships | Eugene, United States | 13th (q) | Triple jump | 16.64 m |
| 2023 | European Indoor Championships | Istanbul, Turkey | 3rd | Triple jump | 16.57 m |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 18th (q) | Triple jump | 16.48 m |
| 2024 | World Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 9th | Triple jump | 16.66 m |
| 2024 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 5th | Triple jump | 17.04 m |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 7th | Triple jump | 17.38 m |
| 2025 | European Indoor Championships | Apeldoorn, Netherlands | 2nd | Triple jump | 17.43 m |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* Long jump – 7.57 (+0.5 m/s, Weinheim 2015)
* Triple jump – 17.20 (Amsterdam 2016)
Indoor
* Long jump – 8.03 (Chemnitz 2015)
* Triple jump – 17.52 NR (Belgrade 2017)
# Haplogroup K-M9

Haplogroup K or K-M9 is a genetic lineage within human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A sublineage of haplogroup IJK, K-M9, and its descendant clades represent a geographically widespread and diverse haplogroup. The lineages have long been found among males on every continent except Antarctica.
The direct descendants of Haplogroup K1 (L298 = P326, also known as LT) and K-M9 are Haplogroup K2 (formerly KxLT; K-M526).

## Origins and distribution

Y-DNA haplogroup K-M9 is an old lineage that arose approximately 47,000-50,000 years ago. According to geneticist Spencer Wells, haplogroup K or the Eurasian clan, originated in the Middle East (perhaps Iran) or Central Asia.
Basal K* is exceptionally rare and under-researched; while it has been reported at very low frequencies on many continents it is not always clear if the examples concerned have been screened for subclades. Confirmed examples of K-M9* now appear to be most common amongst some populations in Island South East Asia and Melanesia.
Primary descendants of haplogroup LT are L (M20), also known as K1a, and T (M184), also known as K1b.
The descendants of haplogroup K2 include:
* K2a (detected in Paleolithic specimens Oase1 and Ust'-Ishim), the subclades of which include the major haplogroups N and O, and;
* K2b – the ancestor of haplogroups M, P, Q, R, S.
# 1911 Washington and Lee Generals football team

The 1911 Washington and Lee Generals football team was an American football team that represented Washington and Lee University during the 1911 college football season as an independent. In their second year under head coach J. W. H. Pollard, the team compiled an overall record of 4–2–2.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 7 | Roanoke | Wilson FieldLexington, VA | W 61–0 | |
| October 13 | Hampden–Sydney | Wilson FieldLexington, VA | W 40–0 | |
| October 21 | Wake Forest | Wilson FieldLexington, VA | W 18–5 | |
| October 28 | vs. VPI | Fair GroundsRoanoke, VA | T 5–5 | 3,000 |
| November 4 | Medical College of Virginia | Wilson FieldLexington, VA | W 31–0 | |
| November 11 | at North Carolina A&M | Riddick StadiumRaleigh, NC | L 3–15 | |
| November 18 | vs. North Carolina | Lafayette FieldNorfolk, VA | L 0–4 | |
| November 30 | at Tulane | Tulane StadiumNew Orleans, LA | T 5–5 | |
# Louis Perez

Louis Perez (born 11 June 1997) is a French footballer who plays as a midfielder for North Carolina FC in USL League One.

## Career
### Youth

Perez spent time with various teams in France, including CO Vincennes, Paris Saint-Germain, AS Poissy and ESTAC Troyes, the latter of which he appeared for the club's second team in the CFA.

### College

In 2017, Perez moved to the United States to play college soccer at the University of Central Florida. In three seasons with the Golden Knights, Perez made 50 appearances, scoring 7 goals and tallying 16 assists. In 2019, his last full season for UCF before the COVID-19 pandemic saw the 2020 season cancelled, Perez was the team's second-leading scorer with four goals and 11 assists, which was one-off a school single-season record. Perez's 11 assists were fourth in the NCAA and led Perez to be named as second-team All-American Athletic Conference. In 2018, Perez was named the AAC Midfielder of the Year and a third-team All-American by the United Soccer Coaches, helping UCF to the AAC regular-season title.

### Professional

On 17 February 2021, Perez signed his first professional contract, joining USL Championship side Pittsburgh Riverhounds. Perez made his professional debut on May 8, 2021, appearing as a 61st-minute substitute in a 3–0 loss to Tampa Bay Rowdies.
On 3 February 2022, Perez made the move to USL League One side FC Tucson.
Following Tucson's voluntary relegation to USL League Two, Perez signed with USL League One club North Carolina FC.
# Hangul (word processor)

Hangul (Korean: 한글) is a proprietary word processing application published by the South Korean company Hancom Inc. Hangul's specialized support for the Korean written language has gained it widespread use in South Korea, especially by the government. Hancom has published their HWP binary format specification online for free.
The software's name is derived from the Korean word Hangul for the alphabet used to write Korean. In Korean, the software's name is officially stylised (ᄒᆞᆫ글) using the obsolete letter arae a in place of the modern a in hangul, and is also frequently referred to as Arae-A Hangŭl (아래아한글) or Han/gŭl (한/글).
Haansoft was on the verge of bankruptcy after the release of its 2002 version, due to the widespread use of illegal copies. A campaign to support the development of Korean software and promote the purchase of legal copies of Hangul allowed Haansoft to recover.

## Versions

Previous versions have included:

### Windows

* Hangul 3.0, 3.0a, 3.0b (1995)
* Hangul 96, International, Japanese (1996)
* Hangul 97, 97 strengthen, 815 special edition (1998)
* Hangul Wordian, Hangul for Kids (2000)
* Hangul 2002 (2001, widely used for government e-document system)
* Hangul 2004 (2003)
* Hangul 2005 (2004)
* Hangul 2007 (2006)
* Hangul 2010 (2010)
* Hancom Office 2010 SE (English Edition)
* Hangul 2014 (2013)
* Hangul NEO (2016)
* Hangul 2018 (2017)
* Hangul 2020 (2019)
* Hangul 2022 (2021)
* ThinkFree (2017)

### macOS

* Hangul 2006 (2006) : PPC binary
* Hangul 2014 for Mac (2013)

### Linux

* Hangul X R4 (1999, bundled in Mizi Linux 1 and 1.1)
* Hangul X R5 (2000, included in Hancom Office 2)
* Hangul 2008 Linux (2008, included in Hancom Office 2008 Linux)
* Hangul 2020 (2019)
* Hangul 2022 (2021)
# Zhulychi

Zhulychi (Ukrainian: Жуличі, Polish: Żulice) is a village in the Zolochiv urban hromada of the Zolochiv Raion of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine.

## History

The first written mention of the village was in 1432.
Until the consolidation in 1934, the locality served as the seat of a rural municipality in the Złoczów County of the Tarnopol Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic.
On 19 July 2020, as a result of the administrative-territorial reform and liquidation of the Zolochiv Raion, the village became part of the Zolochiv Raion.

## Religion

* Saint Nicholas church (1990)

## Notable residents

* Vasyl Pachovskyi [uk] (1878–1942), Ukrainian playwright and poet
# Cycling at the 1966 Asian Games

Cycling was contested at the 1966 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand from December 11 to 20.

## Medalists
### Road

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Road race | Pairote Roongtonkit Thailand | Ahn Byung-hoon South Korea | Choochart Warawoot Thailand |
| Team road race | South Korea Ahn Byung-hoon Ahn Kwang-san Lee Seon-bae | Thailand Pairote Roongtonkit Chainarong Sophonpong Choochart Warawoot | South Vietnam Đào Văn Nam Phạm Văn Thanh Trần Gia Thu |
| Team time trial | Japan Yoshiharu Kubo Kozo Nishimura Takao Ono | South Korea Ahn Byung-hoon Cho Sung-hwan Lee Seon-bae | Iran Davoud Akhlaghi Mehdi Doukchi Esmaeil Hosseini |

### Track

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1 km time trial | Preeda Chullamondhol Thailand | Takao Shimomura Japan | Fan Yue-tao Republic of China |
| Individual pursuit | Preeda Chullamondhol Thailand | Masayuki Goto Japan | Esmaeil Hosseini Iran |
| 800 m mass start | Preeda Chullamondhol Thailand | Kozo Nishimura Japan | Trevor de Silva Ceylon |
| 1600 m mass start | Smaisuk Krisansuwan Thailand | Claudio Romeo Philippines | Takao Shimomura Japan |
| 4800 m mass start | Preeda Chullamondhol Thailand | Liu Cheng-tao Republic of China | Trevor de Silva Ceylon |
| 10000 m mass start | Masanori Tsuji Japan | Chainarong Sophonpong Thailand | Claudio Romeo Philippines |
| Team pursuit | Japan Morimasa Murakami Takao Ono Junichi Onodera | Thailand Somchai Chantarasamrit Pirom Choonlahoon Preeda Chullamondhol Smaisuk Krisansuwan | South Korea Kim Jung-kil Kim Kwang-sun Kwon Jung-hyun Suh Jung-sub |
| 1600 m team time trial | Japan Masayuki Goto Morimasa Murakami Junichi Onodera Takao Shimomura | Thailand Somchai Chantarasamrit Preeda Chullamondhol Narong Nilpecharat Somkuan Seehapant | South Korea Kim Jung-kil Kim Kwang-sun Kwon Jung-hyun Sin Dong-in |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Thailand (THA) | 6 | 4 | 1 | 11 |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| 3 | South Korea (KOR) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Republic of China (ROC) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Ceylon (CEY) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 6 | Iran (IRN) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | South Vietnam (VNM) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | Totals (8 entries) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 33 |
# Erion

Erion is an Albanian male given name, which means "Ionian wind", as the wind from the Ionian Sea. A related name is Erjon. The name may refer to:
* Erion Braçe (born 1972), Albanian politician
* Erion Hoxhallari (born 1995), Albanian footballer
* Erion Sadiku (born 2002), Kosovan association footballer
* Erion Sula (born 1986), Albanian footballer
* Erion Veliaj (born 1979), Albanian politician
* Erion Xhafa (born 1982), Albanian footballer
# Laura Chang

Laura Chang (born in Seattle, Washington) is an American journalist.

## Education

Chang graduated from the University of Washington in 1984 with a Bachelor of Science in communications, with an emphasis in psychology.

## Career

Chang edited the Booming blog of The New York Times, a role she took on after spearheading the paper's coverage of the 10th anniversary of 9/11. Previously, she had been science editor since 2004; before that she was assistant science editor beginning in 1998, then deputy science editor.
Chang joined the Times in 1990. She began as a copy editor on the national desk, then became assignment editor. She also served as a special projects editor, where she handled projects on welfare reform, the erosion of privacy and the spread of E. coli contamination. She was also the Times editor who stayed up all night excerpting the Unabomber manifesto.

## Personal

Chang plays violin with the Park Avenue Chamber Symphony in Manhattan and other chamber music groups.
# Charles Findlater

Charles Findlater (10 January 1754 – 28 May 1838) was a Scottish minister, agricultural writer and essayist.

## Life

Findlater was born 10 January 1754 in the manse of West Linton, Peeblesshire. His grandfather, Alexander Findlater, was from Moray, and married into the family of Kirkaldy of Grange. Thomas (1697–1778), his son, was minister of West Linton, but his settlement there in 1729 was opposed by certain of the parishioners, and led to the rise of a secessionist congregation.
Charles Findlater was Thomas Findlater's son by his second wife, Jean, daughter of William Brown, an Edinburgh bookseller. He graduated from the University of Edinburgh on 14 November 1770. In 1777 he was ordained assistant to his father, and in 1790 was presented by William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry to the neighbouring parish, Newlands. He lived there until 1835, and then retiring from duty, died at Glasgow 28 May 1838, aged 84. His appointment at Newlands, like his father's at West Linton, was opposed, and led to the establishment of a seceding congregation. On 26 July 1791 he married Janet Hay Russell, who was accidentally burnt to death in 1828. He was father of the synod of Lothian and Tweeddale, and was buried at Newlands. A marble bust of him, funded by subscription, was in the Peebles Art Gallery.
Findlater was an unconventional liberal theologian. He established one of the first local savings banks, and used to carry its account-book when on his pastoral work. He would sing a song at a cottar's wedding, and on wintry Sundays gather his congregation round him in his kitchen and give them dinner afterwards.

## Works

Findlater published:
* Liberty and Equality; a Sermon or Essay, with an Appendix on Godwin's system of society in his "Political Justice," 1800. This sermon, preached at Newlands, was directed against the "monstrous doctrine of equality". Some of William Godwin's sympathisers then attacked Findlater, and he hid himself until the Lord Advocate, Sir James Montgomery, was able to appease the outcry. The sermon was dedicated to Montgomery when printed.
* General View of the Agriculture of the County of Peebles, Edinburgh, 1802.
* Sermons or Essays, as the Reader shall chuse to design them, upon Christian Duties, 1830. In these are contained "plain statement" on the principles of political economy.
* Accounts of West Linton and of Newlands in Sinclair's Statistical Account and in the new Statistical Account.
# Paul Crarey

Paul Crarey (born 4 January 1966) also known by the nickname of "Cresta", is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. He played at club level for Dalton ARLFC , Barrow (1987-1995, 172 appearances, 20+ tries), and Carlisle, as a hooker and coached at representative level for Cumbria and British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA) Great Britain Lions, and at club level for Barrow (2005–07, 2014–present), and Whitehaven (?-2008).
He won a Shooting Star award in 1988.

## Coaching career

After retiring as a player, Crarey moved into coaching. He had coaching spells at amateur clubs Dalton and Walney Central before being appointed as head coach at Barrow Raiders in October 2005.
Crarey departed Barrow at the end of the 2007 season and became head coach at Whitehaven, but was forced to step down in March 2008 for health reasons.
He subsequently returned to coaching at amateur level for a few years before re-joining Barrow for a second spell in 2014.
# Cycling at the 1970 Asian Games

Cycling at the 1970 Asian Games was held in Bangkok, Thailand between 10 and 19 September 1970.

## Medalists
### Road

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Road race | Ng Joo Ngan Malaysia | Masato Abe Japan | Jung Chong-jin South Korea |
| Team road race | South Korea Cho Sung-hwan Hwang Bo-youn Jung Chong-jin Yoo Jae-myung | Malaysia Chow Teck Beng Ng Joo Ngan Azizan Ramli Omar Haji Saad | Japan Masato Abe Toru Miyaichi Takao Ono Terue Yoshida |
| Team time trial | Japan Masato Abe Toru Miyaichi Takao Ono Terue Yoshida | Iran Hassan Arianfard Hossein Baharloo Asghar Daroudi Khosro Haghgosha | South Korea Cho Sung-hwan Chun Sung-kook Jung Chong-jin Yoo Jae-myung |

### Track

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1 km time trial | Takafumi Matsuda Japan | Kim Kwang-sun South Korea | Daud Ibrahim Malaysia |
| Individual pursuit | Kenichi Ono Japan | Kwon Jung-hyun South Korea | Suriya Saechia Thailand |
| 800 m mass start | Kriengsak Varavudhi Thailand | Kim Kwang-sun South Korea | Rolando Guaves Philippines |
| 1600 m mass start | Daud Ibrahim Malaysia | Somchai Chantarasamrit Thailand | Roberto Querimit Philippines |
| 4800 m mass start | Kriengsak Varavudhi Thailand | Rolando Guaves Philippines | Kwon Jung-hyun South Korea |
| 10000 m mass start | Chainarong Sophonpong Thailand | Kwon Jung-hyun South Korea | Ng Joo Pong Malaysia |
| 1600 m team time trial | Japan Tsutomu Irimagawa Seiichi Iwasaki Takafumi Matsuda Shinpei Okajima | Thailand Somchai Chantarasamrit Suriya Saechia Chainarong Sophonpong Kriengsak Varavudhi | South Korea Kim Jung-kil Kim Kwang-sun Kwon Jung-hyun Suh Jung-sub |
| Team pursuit | Japan Tsutomu Irimagawa Seiichi Iwasaki Takafumi Matsuda Shinpei Okajima | Thailand Somchai Chantarasamrit Suriya Saechia Chainarong Sophonpong Kriengsak Varavudhi | Iran Hassan Arianfard Hossein Baharloo Manouchehr Daneshmand Khosro Haghgosha |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| 2 | Thailand (THA) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| 3 | Malaysia (MAL) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | South Korea (KOR) | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 |
| 5 | Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | Iran (IRN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 33 |