# Loire (department)

Loire (/lwɑːr/; French pronunciation:; Arpitan: Lêre; Occitan: Léger or Leir) is a landlocked département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France occupying the river Loire's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.

## History

Loire was created in 1793 when the Rhône-et-Loire département was split into two, about three years after it was created in 1790. This was a response to counter-revolutionary activities in Lyon which, by population, was the country's second largest city. By splitting Rhône-et-Loire the government sought to protect the French Revolution from the potential power and influence of counter revolutionary activity in the Lyon region.
The Loire département roughly corresponds to the former province of Forez.
The departmental capitals (prefectures) throughout its history are as follows:
* Feurs 1793–1795
* Montbrison 1795–1855
* Saint-Étienne since 1855

## Geography

Loire is part of the current administrative region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and is surrounded by the départements of Rhône, Isère, Ardèche, Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, Allier, and Saône-et-Loire.
The river Loire traverses the department from south to north.
The Loire département is divided into three arrondissements:
* Arrondissement of Montbrison
* Arrondissement of Roanne
* Arrondissement of Saint-Étienne
Parts of the department belong to Parc naturel régional Livradois-Forez.

## Demographics

The inhabitants of the département are called Ligériens. The industrial city of Saint-Étienne with its agglomeration contains about half of the inhabitants of the département.
Population development since 1801:
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1801 | 290,903 | — |
| 1806 | 317,053 | +1.74% |
| 1821 | 343,454 | +0.53% |
| 1831 | 391,216 | +1.31% |
| 1841 | 434,085 | +1.05% |
| 1851 | 472,588 | +0.85% |
| 1861 | 517,603 | +0.91% |
| 1872 | 550,611 | +0.56% |
| 1881 | 599,836 | +0.96% |
| 1891 | 616,227 | +0.27% |
| 1901 | 647,633 | +0.50% |
| 1911 | 640,549 | −0.11% |
| 1921 | 637,130 | −0.05% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1931 | 664,822 | +0.43% |
| 1936 | 650,226 | −0.44% |
| 1946 | 631,591 | −0.29% |
| 1954 | 654,482 | +0.45% |
| 1962 | 696,348 | +0.78% |
| 1968 | 722,443 | +0.62% |
| 1975 | 742,396 | +0.39% |
| 1982 | 739,521 | −0.06% |
| 1990 | 746,288 | +0.11% |
| 1999 | 728,524 | −0.27% |
| 2006 | 741,269 | +0.25% |
| 2011 | 749,053 | +0.21% |
| 2016 | 761,997 | +0.34% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
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### Principal towns

The most populous commune is Saint-Étienne, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 15,000 inhabitants:
| Commune | Population (2019) |
| Saint-Étienne | 173,821 |
| Saint-Chamond | 34,841 |
| Roanne | 33,809 |
| Firminy | 16,901 |
| Montbrison | 15,915 |
| Saint-Just-Saint-Rambert | 15,229 |

## Politics

The president of the Departmental Council is Georges Ziegler, elected in October 2017.

### Current National Assembly Representatives

| Constituency | Member | Party |
| Loire's 1st constituency | Pierrick Courbon | PS |
| Loire's 2nd constituency | Andrée Taurinya | LFI |
| Loire's 3rd constituency | Emmanuel Mandon | MoDem |
| Loire's 4th constituency | Sylvie Bonnet | LR |
| Loire's 5th constituency | Antoine Vermorel-Marques | LR |
| Loire's 6th constituency | Jean-Pierre Taite | LR |

## Tourism

* Saint-Étienne
* Château de La Roche
* Château de Grangent
* Champdieu
* Sainte-Croix-en-Jarez, one of The Most Beautiful Villages of France