# Solution stack

In computing, a solution stack or software stack is a set of software subsystems or components needed to create a complete platform such that no additional software is needed to support applications. Applications are said to "run on" or "run on top of" the resulting platform.
For example, to develop a web application, the architect defines the stack as the target operating system, web server, database, and programming language. Another version of a software stack is operating system, middleware, database, and applications. Regularly, the components of a software stack are developed by different developers independently from one another.
Some components/subsystems of an overall system are chosen together often enough that the particular set is referred to by a name representing the whole, rather than by naming the parts. Typically, the name is an acronym representing the individual components.
The term "solution stack" has, historically, occasionally included hardware components as part of a final product, mixing both the hardware and software in layers of support.
A full-stack developer is expected to be able to work in all the layers of the application (front-end and back-end). A full-stack developer can be defined as a developer or an engineer who works with both the front and back end development of a website, web application or desktop application. This means they can lead platform builds that involve databases, user-facing websites, and working with clients during the planning phase of projects.

## Examples
### OS-level stacks
#### BCHS

    OpenBSD (operating system)
    C (programming language)
    httpd (web server)
    SQLite (database)

#### Ganeti

    Xen or KVM (hypervisor)
    Linux with LVM (mass-storage device management)
    Distributed Replicated Block Device (storage replication)
    Ganeti (virtual machine cluster management tool)
    Ganeti Web Manager (web interface)

#### GLASS

    GemStone (database and application server)
    Linux (operating system)
    Apache (web server)
    Smalltalk (programming language)
    Seaside (web framework)

#### LAMP

    Linux (operating system)
    Apache (web server)
    MySQL or MariaDB (database management systems)
    Perl, PHP, or Python (scripting languages)

#### LEAP

    Linux (operating system)
    Eucalyptus (free and open-source alternative to the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)
    AppScale (cloud computing-framework and free and open-source alternative to Google App Engine)
    Python (programming language)

#### LEMP/LNMP

    Linux (operating system)
    Nginx (web server)
    MySQL or MariaDB (database management systems)
    Perl, PHP, or Python (scripting languages)

#### LLMP

    Linux (operating system)
    Lighttpd (web server)
    MySQL or MariaDB (database management systems)
    Perl, PHP, or Python (scripting languages)

#### LYME and LYCE

    Linux (operating system)
    Yaws (web server, written in Erlang)
    Mnesia or CouchDB (database, written in Erlang)
    Erlang (functional programming language)

#### MAMP

    Mac OS X (operating system)
    Apache (web server)
    MySQL or MariaDB (database)
    PHP, Perl, or Python (programming languages)

#### LAPP

    Linux (operating system)
    Apache (web server)
    PostgreSQL (database management systems)
    Perl, PHP, or Python (scripting languages)

#### MLVN

    MongoDB (database)
    Linux (operating system)
    Varnish (software) (frontend cache)
    Node.js (JavaScript runtime)

#### WAMP

    Windows (operating system)
    Apache (web server)
    MySQL or MariaDB (database)
    PHP, Perl, or Python (programming language)

#### WIMP

    Windows (operating system)
    Internet Information Services (web server)
    MySQL or MariaDB (database)
    PHP, Perl, or Python (programming language)

#### WINS

    Windows Server (operating system)
    Internet Information Services (web server)
    .NET (software framework)
    SQL Server (database)

#### WISA

    Windows Server (operating system)
    Internet Information Services (web server)
    SQL Server (database)
    ASP.NET (web framework)

#### WISAV/WIPAV

    Windows Server (operating system)
    Internet Information Services (web server)
    Microsoft SQL Server/PostgreSQL (database)
    ASP.NET (backend web framework)
    Vue.js (frontend web framework)

### OS-agnostic web stacks
#### ELK

    Elasticsearch (search engine)
    Logstash (event and log management tool)
    Kibana (data visualization)

#### GRANDstack

    GraphQL (data query and manipulation language)
    React (web application presentation)
    Apollo (Data Graph Platform)
    Neo4j (database management systems)

#### JAMstack

    JavaScript (programming language)
    APIs (Application programming interfaces)
    Markup (content)

#### MARQS

    Apache Mesos (node startup/shutdown)
    Akka (toolkit) (actor implementation)
    Riak (data store)
    Apache Kafka (messaging)
    Apache Spark (big data and MapReduce)

#### MEAN

    MongoDB (database)
    Express.js (application controller layer)
    AngularJS/Angular (web application presentation)
    Node.js (JavaScript runtime)

#### MERN

    MongoDB (database)
    Express.js (application controller layer)
    React.js (web application presentation)
    Node.js (JavaScript runtime)

#### MEVN

    MongoDB (database)
    Express.js (application controller layer)
    Vue.js (web application presentation)
    Node.js (JavaScript runtime)

#### NMP

    Nginx (web server)
    MySQL or MariaDB (database)
    PHP (programming language)

#### OpenACS

    NaviServer (web server)
    OpenACS (web application framework)
    PostgreSQL or Oracle Database (database)
    Tcl (scripting language)

#### PERN

    PostgreSQL (database)
    Express.js (application controller layer)
    React (JavaScript library) (web application presentation)
    Node.js (JavaScript runtime)

#### PLONK

    Prometheus (metrics and time-series)
    Linkerd (service mesh)
    OpenFaaS (management and auto-scaling of compute)
    NATS (asynchronous message bus/queue)
    Kubernetes (declarative, extensible, scale-out, self-healing clustering)

#### SMACK

    Apache Spark (big data and MapReduce)
    Apache Mesos (node startup/shutdown)
    Akka (toolkit) (actor implementation)
    Apache Cassandra (database)
    Apache Kafka (messaging)

#### T-REx

    TerminusDB (scalable graph database)
    React (JavaScript web framework)
    Express.js (framework for Node.js)

#### XAMPP

    cross-platform (operating system)
    Apache (web server)
    MariaDB or MySQL (database)
    PHP (programming language)
    Perl (programming language)

#### XRX

    XML database (database such as BaseX, eXist, MarkLogic Server)
    XQuery (Query language)
    REST (client interface)
    XForms (client)