# Toronto Transportation Commission

Toronto Transportation Commission (TTC) was the public transit operator in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, beginning in 1921. It operated buses, streetcars and the island ferries. The system was renamed the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) in 1954.

## History

Toronto's first public transportation company was the Williams Omnibus Bus Line and owned by undertaker Burt Williams. The franchise carried passengers in horse-drawn stagecoaches along Yonge Street between the St. Lawrence Market and the village of Yorkville for sixpence in 1849. The city granted the first franchise for a street railway in 1861 to Alexander Easton under the franchise of Toronto Street Railways (TSR) and Metropolitan Street Railway of Toronto (MSR) in 1885. In 1891, the franchise was passed onto William Mackenzie's Toronto Railway Company for 30 years. Outside of the city there were a number of other operators, including:
* Toronto and York Radial Railway
* Toronto Suburban Railway
Prior to the establishment of the TTC, the City of Toronto operated its own system under the Toronto Civic Railways (TCR). However, the TCR routes were operating in areas not served by the private TRC. In 1920, a Provincial Act created the Toronto Transportation Commission (TTC) and, in 1921, the Commission took over and amalgamated nine existing fare systems within the city limits. Between 1921 and 1953, the TTC added 35 new routes in the city and extended 20 more. It also operated 23 suburban routes on a service-for-cost basis. It abandoned money-losing radial railway line (known as 'interurbans' elsewhere in the continent), North Yonge Railways.
The Great Depression and the Second World War both placed heavy burdens on the ability of municipalities to finance themselves. During most of the 1930s, municipal governments had to cope with general welfare costs and assistance to the unemployed. The TTC realized that improvements had to be made despite the depression and in 1936 purchased the first of the newly developed PCC streetcars. The war put an end to the depression and increased migration from rural to urban areas. After the war, municipalities faced the problem of extending services to accommodate the increased population. Ironically, the one municipal service that prospered during the war years was public transit; employers had to stagger work hours in order to avoid overcrowding the streetcars. Toronto continued their program of purchasing PCC cars, running the world's largest fleet, including many obtained second-hand from U.S. cities that abandoned streetcar service.
With the creation of Metro Toronto in 1954 and the building of the Yonge subway line, the Toronto Transportation Commission was renamed the Toronto Transit Commission.

## Streetcar

The Toronto Transportation Commission was mainly a streetcar operator and this remained the core operations before 1954:
All remaining Toronto Railway Company cars as of 1921 and all Toronto Civic Railways cars as of 1921 was absorbed into the TTC. Some older wooden cars were retired due to wear and replaced by Peter Witt orders.
Product list and details (date information from TTC) :
| Make/Model | Description | Fleet size | Year acquired | Year retired | Notes |
| Preston Car Company / Birney Safety Car | Single truck double-end car | 25 | 1921 | 1926–1927: 11 cars total sold with 3 to Cornwall Street Railway (all scrapped in 1949); 8 sold to Nova Scotia Tramways and Power Company Limited (all scrapped in 1949); 1940–1941: remaining 14 cars sold to two batches to Halifax, 8 in 1940 and 6 in 1941) | Ex-TCR |
| Canada Car and Foundry / Brill Peter Witts – Large with trailers | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | 575 | 1921–1923 | 1965 | Small Peter Witt 2766 retained for private charters |
| Canada Car and Foundry / Ottawa Car Company Peter Witts – Small Witts | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| St. Louis Car Company and CCF President's Conference Committee Car A1 | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| St. Louis Car Company PCC A2–8 | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| St. Louis Car Company PCC A9–10 | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ex-Cincinnati |
| St. Louis Car Company PCC A11 | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ex-Cleveland |
| St. Louis Car Company PCC A12 | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ex-Louisville |
| St. Louis Car Company PCC A13 | Single end double-truck electric streetcar | N/A | 1953 | N/A | Ex-Birmingham |

## Buses

Buses are a large part of the TTC operations today, but before the 1960s they played a lesser role to streetcar operations. Bus service in Toronto started in 1921, but it was not until the creation of the TTC that buses become a part of public transit. There were a few independent bus operators that continued to provide inter-urban bus services:
* Hollinger Bus Lines (East York and Scarborough 1921–1954)
* Danforth Bus Lines (Scarborough, North York and York 1926–1954)
* West York Coach Lines (York, Etobicoke and Malton 1946–1954)
* Roseland Bus Lines (York, Weston-Woodbridge 1925–1954)
Here is a list of historic and current buses used by the old TTC:
Product list and details (date information from TTC) :
| Make/Model | Description | Fleet size | Year acquired | Year retired | Notes |
| AEC 404 | Double-decker bus | 1 | 1922 | 1940s? | Upper level was removed in 1925 |
| Fifth Avenue Bus Company L and J | Double-decker bus | 4 – L, 6 – J | 1921, 1922 | 1940s? | 1 preserved at Canada Science and Technology Museum |
| Pierce Arrow Z | Diesel bus | 2 | 1922 | 1940s? | |
| Tilling-Stevens TS4 | Diesel bus | 1 | 1922 | 1940s? | |
| Veteran K | Diesel bus | 1 | 1927 | 1940s? | |
| White Motor Company 50A | Diesel bus | 6 | 1924 | 1940s? | |
| White Motor Company 50A | Diesel bus | 5, 10 | 1927, 1929 | 1940s? | 1929 purchase from Highway Queen Bus Lines; 2 sent to Gray Coach |
| White Motor Company 50B | Diesel bus | 5 | 1927 | 1940s? | |
| Packard ED | Diesel bus | 1 | 1922 | 1940s? | |
| Yellow Coach Y-Z (227, 229) | Diesel bus | 5, 6 | 1925 | 1940s? | |
| Yellow Coach Y | Diesel bus | 1 | 1925 | 1940s? | |
| Yellow Coach Y-O-254 | Diesel bus | 1 | 1927 | 1940s? | |
| Yellow Coach Z-AQ-273 | Diesel bus | 4 | 1926 | 1940s? | |
| Yellow Coach Y-U-316 | Diesel bus | 3 | 1927 | 1940s? | |

## Suburban and inter-urban buses

Gray Coach Lines was suburban bus operator founded in 1927 by the Toronto Transit Commission. Gray Coach used inter-urban coaches to link Toronto to outlying areas throughout Southern Ontario. In addition, Gray Coach operated tour bus operations in association with Gray Line tours. The main terminal was at the Toronto Bus Terminal on Elizabeth Street, downtown.
Here is a list of historic and current buses used by the Gray Coach:
Product list and details (date information from TTC) :
| Make/Model | Description | Fleet size | Year acquired | Year retired | Notes |
| AEC/CCC Ranger Coach | Suburban coach | 4 | 1932–1933 | N/A | Later to Gray Coach |
| GM Highway Parlour Coach PD4104 | Suburban coach | 7 | 1950s | N/A | Later to Gray Coach |

## Trolley bus lines

The TTC once operated trolley buses on 10 routes, mostly on downtown routes and a few in the northern limits of the City of Toronto. The first route began operation with four buses on June 19, 1922, from a shed on Merton St. This early trolley coach operation was replaced by a streetcar line. In later years, many of these routes replaced streetcar routes, using the old overhead power system which was adapted to dipole service. The buses consisted of a standard bus platform with electric motors with two trolley poles connected to electrical lines above.
Routes served by trolley buses included:
* 4 Annette
* 6 Bay
* 40 Junction
* 47 Lansdowne
* 61 Nortown (later 61/103)
* 63 Ossington
* 74 Mt. Pleasant
* 89 Weston
* 97 Yonge
Trolley bus types and details :
| Make/Model | Description | Fleet size | Year acquired | Year retired | Notes |
| Packard/Canadian Brill ED | 4 | 1922 | (New) | 1925 | Retired and sold as scrap 1928; #23 survived and now at Halton County Railway Museum in Rockwood, Ontario. |
| Canadian Car & Foundry–Brill T44-T1, T44-T2 and T44-T3 | 85 | 1947–1948 | (New) | 1970–1971 | Rebuilt as Western Flyer E700s (with completely new bodies) |
| CCF–Brill T48A | 40 new; 5 secondhand from Ottawa | 1953; ex-Ottawa units 1951 | 40 new; ex-Ottawa units 1959 | 1970–1971 | Rebuilt as Western Flyer E700s (with completely new bodies) |
| Marmon-Herrington TC48-T5 | 15, all ex-Cincinnati | 1948 | (1953) | 1971 | |

## Island Ferry

In 1926, the City of Toronto purchased the ferry services operated by the Toronto Ferry Company. The fleet was transferred to the TTC, which engaged in a modernization program, retiring the smaller older vessels, and purchasing modern, diesel-powered ferries which still provide the backbone of modern service to the Islands.