# Punjab Police (Pakistan)

The Punjab Police (Punjabi, Urdu: پنجاب پولیس) is a law enforcement agency of Punjab, Pakistan. Under the command of its Inspector General (IG), it administers all criminal cases under the Police Acts of 1861 and 2002. The force was introduced in its modern form under British rule, and a colonial influence continues. On 23 January 2023, Dr. Usman Anwar was appointed as the Inspector General of Punjab Police.

## History
### Mughal Empire

Under the Mughal Empire, policing was organized on the basis of land tenure. Zamindars were responsible for apprehending disturbers of the public peace and performing other policing duties. At the village level, these functions were performed by the village headman. In large towns, functionaries known as kotwals combined law enforcement, municipal administration and revenue collection. Watchmen were on patrol and violent, organized crime was usually handled by the military.

### Sikh Empire

The old mohalladari[definition needed] system was reintroduced with each mahallah, or neighborhood subdivision, placed under the charge of one of its members. The office of Kotwal, or prefect of police, was conferred upon a Muslim, Imam Bakhsh.[78]

### British Raj

The modern system of policing was introduced during British rule. The British administration relieved the zamindars of responsibility for police service, and introduced magistrates with daroghas and other subordinate officers. The Punjab Police was organized in two branches: the Military Preventive Police and the Civil Detective Police. This arrangement proved unsatisfactory, however, and the government of British India urged the government of Punjab to investigate the province's system of policing in 1860. Due to the importance of the issue, the central government appointed a commission to investigate policing in British India. The Calcutta Police Commission of 1860 recommended abolition of the police's military arm, the appointment of an Inspector General of Police in the province and the supervision of police in a district by a District Superintendent. The commission recommended that only the district magistrate should conduct law-enforcement functions. Based on the commission's recommendations, the government of India submitted a bill which was enacted as Act V of 1861; the Police Act of 1861 was adopted. The organizational structure of the act still survives.
The Punjab Police Rules of 1933 documented the police practices of the time, and introduced measures for improving administration and operational effectiveness. The rules indicate that the Punjab Police was a professional police organization by 1934, had considerable knowledge of the province's crime and criminals, and developed effective procedures and practices for dealing with various kinds of criminal activity. The force's administrative and disciplinary functions were also described. They have been the model for similar rules in other provinces of Pakistan, and are still in force.

### After independence

The Punjab Police played a significant role in handling the refugee crisis of 1947–48. It continued as a separate organization until 1955, when it was merged with the police of other provinces to create the West Pakistan Police. The West Pakistan Deputy Inspector General was Inayat Ali Shah. The East and West Pakistan DIGs reported to an IG who, during the 1950s, was Qurban Ali Khan. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to review and reform police organization and performance during the 1950s and 1960s. The Pakistan police's legal framework underwent a major change as a consequence of the Devolution of Power Plan, which was implemented between 2001 and 2006. The plan devolved much provincial-governmental authority and functions to the districts, and introduced public accountability of the police.
A system of district governments was introduced with the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001. As a part of the plan, the Police Order replaced the Police Act 1861 in 2002 and brought sweeping changes to the police. The new law introduced public accountability in the form of Public Safety Commissions at the district, provincial and national level. The Police Order 2002 also provided for an independent Police Complaints Authority, increased autonomy of the Inspector General of Police and separated investigation from other police functions. The Punjab Police are engaged in counterterrorism operations in the province.

## Organization

The Punjab Police is constituted by the Police Order 2002 and operates under the Police Rules of 1934. The Central Police Office (CPO) in Lahore which has a number of branches, including the Legal Affairs Division (Legal Branch), Finance and Welfare, Operations, Training, and Research and Development. The branches report to the Inspector General of Police through their Additional Inspectors General of Police. The Regional Police Officers report to the Inspector General of Police, and are not part of the Punjab CPO. The Inspector General of Police is the ex officio secretary of the government of Punjab. The Punjab Police is staffed by its officers and those of the Police Service of Pakistan.
Units:
* Anti-Riot Force (ARF)
* Punjab Safe Cities Authority (PSCA)
* Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)
* Organized Crime Unit (CIA)
* Special Protection Unit (SPU)
* Punjab Elite Force
* Punjab Boundary Force
* Punjab River Police
* Punjab Traffic Police
* Punjab Highway Patrol
* Dolphin Force
* Punjab Constabulary
Main formations:
* Central Police Office, Punjab
* Police Regions
* Investigation Branch
* Special Branch
* Telecommunication Branch
* Operations Branch

### Equipment

* Beretta 92FS
* Glock pistols
* Heckler & Koch MP5 - Pakistani MP5 (P2 & P3) and POF-5 variants (manufactured by license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories Limited)
* Type 56 assault rifle - Primary firearm
* Heckler & Koch G3 - Pakistani G3 (P3 & P4) variants (manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories)
* Rheinmetall MG 3 - Mounted on vehicles (manufactured under license by Pakistan Ordnance Factories)
* Shotguns
* Riot guns

### Vehicles

* Mohafiz (internal security vehicle)
* Toyota Hilux (single-cab and double-cabin)
* Toyota Corolla
* Suzuki Cultus
* Suzuki Mehran
* Nissan Patrol
* Suzuki Every
* Honda City
* Foton Tunland
* Suzuki Swift
* Toyota Land Cruiser
* Toyota Land Cruiser (70 Series)
* Toyota Fortuner
* Toyota Prius
Officers are allotted cars by rank. Bulletproof vehicles are provided to officers at sensitive posts.

## Ranks and Insignia

| Rank group | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | General/flag officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers |
| Punjab Police | Insignia Of Inspector General of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Additional Inspector General of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Deputy Inspector General of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Senior Superintendent of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Superintendent of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Superintendent of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Deputy Superintendent of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Assistant Superintendent of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Assistant Superintendent of Punjab Police |
| Punjab Police | Inspector General of Police (IGP) | Additional Inspector General of Police (Add-IG) | Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) | Assistant Inspector General of Police / Senior Superintendent of Police (AIG/SSP) | Superintendent of Police (SP With 8 Year Service) | Superintendent of Police (SP) | Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) | Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 3 years of service) | Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 1 year of service) |
| Rank group | Junior commissioned officers | Junior commissioned officers | Junior commissioned officers | Non commissioned officer | Non commissioned officer | Enlisted |
| Punjab Police | Insignia Of Inspector of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Sub Inspector of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Assistant Sub Inspector of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Head Constable of Punjab Police | Insignia Of Naik of Punjab Police | No insignia |
| Punjab Police | Inspectorانسپکٹر | Sub Inspectorسب انسپکٹر | Assistant Sub Inspectorاسسٹنٹ سب انسپکٹر | Head Constable ہیڈ کانسٹیبل | Police Naik پولیس نائک | Constable سپاہی |

## Controversies

The Anti-Corruption Establishment Punjab called Punjab Police the most corrupt public department in the province in a 2010 report. Members of the force have been involved in a number of criminal activities. In November 2017, a man was killed in a setup in Faisalabad. Initially identified as a robber, he was an unarmed civilian who had had an affair with a relative of the Gujranwala District deputy superintendent of police and left the country. During a visit to Pakistan, plainclothes police officer shot and killed him. Sexual assault, harassment, and mistreatment of women have also occurred. Express News reported on 20 November 2017 that two Punjab Police officers tore a woman's clothes, made a video, tried to blackmail her and shared the video on social media. Both officers were fired, but it is unknown if they faced criminal charges. Faisalabad police gang-raped the wife of a fellow police officer.
In November 2017, a video on social media depicted Punjab Police officers torturing an elderly couple; the entire police station was suspended. A seven-year-old child was arrested for kidnapping by Punjab Police in 2015. A 12-year-old was arrested by Punjab Police in Bahawalpur District after they failed to arrest his father, a farmer named in an FIR for disputing the price of sugar cane at a sugar mill. The boy brought his schoolbooks to jail.

## Uniform change

In 2017, the Punjab Police changed its standard uniform constituting black shirts and khaki pants, which was designed by GM Chowdri & Sons(government contractors since 1916) under the order of Khan Qurban Ali Khan, to all olive-green. The change had a mixed reaction; the government said that it had consulted professional designers, but the new uniform has been criticized as dull and less attractive. Media reports have circulated that the Punjab Police will revive their previous uniform again.
Leadership :
| # | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Khan Qurban Ali Khan | August 1947 | August 1952 |
| 2 | Mian Anwar Ali | August 1952 | October 1952 |
| 3 | Khan Qurban Ali Khan | October 1952 | February 1953 |
| 4 | Mian Anwar Ali | February 1953 | June 1953 |
| 5 | S. N. Alam | June 1953 | May 1955 |
| 6 | Mian Anwar Ali | May 1955 | May 1956 |
| 7 | A. B. Awan | May 1956 | May 1958 |
| 8 | Muhammad Sharif Khan | May 1958 | August 1962 |
| 9 | S. N. Alam | August 1962 | July 1963 |
| 10 | S. D. Qureshi | July 1963 | July 1968 |
| 11 | Mian Bashir Ahmad | July 1968 | April 1970 |
| 12 | Muhammad Anwar Afridi | April 1970 | October 1972 |
| 13 | Sahibzada Raoof Ali | October 1972 | August 1974 |
| 14 | Rao Abdur Rasheed | August 1974 | April 1976 |
| 15 | Atta Hussain | April 1976 | March 1977 |
| 16 | Fazal-e-Haq | March 1977 | July 1977 |
| 17 | M. A. R. Arif | July 1977 | September 1977 |
| 18 | Khawaja Masrur Hussain | September 1977 | February 1978 |
| 19 | Habib Ur Rehman Khan | February 1978 | July 1979 |
| 20 | Muhammad Azam Qazi | July 1979 | November 1980 |
| 21 | Obaid-Ur-Rehman Khan | November 1980 | June 1981 |
| 22 | Laeeq Ahmad Khan | June 1981 | September 1985 |
| 23 | Hafiz S. D. Jamy | September 1985 | 18 August 1987 |
| 24 | Nisar Ahmad Cheema | 18 August 1987 | 6 March 1989 |
| 25 | Manzoor Ahmad | 8 March 1989 | 20 June 1991 |
| 26 | Sardar Muhammad Chaudhry | 21 June 1991 | 30 May 1993 |
| 27 | G. Asghar Malik | 1 June 1993 | 21 July 1993 |
| 28 | Muhammad Abbas Khan | 26 July 1993 | 8 August 1996 |
| 29 | Zulfiqar Ali Qureshi | 8 August 1996 | 26 November 1996 |
| 30 | Muhammad Amin | 27 November 1996 | 17 March 1997 |
| 31 | Jehan Zaib Burki | 18 March 1997 | 26 October 1999 |
| 32 | Muhammad Rafique Haider | 26 October 1999 | 12 June 2000 |
| 33 | Malik Asif Hayat | 12 June 2000 | 11 December 2002 |
| 34 | Syed Masud Shah | 12 December 2002 | 31 March 2004 |
| 35 | Saadat Ullah Khan | 1 April 2004 | 9 June 2005 |
| 36 | Zia-ul-Hassan Khan | 10 June 2005 | 29 December 2006 |
| 37 | Ahmad Nasim | 29 December 2006 | 27 February 2008 |
| 38 | Azhar Hassan Nadeem | 29 February 2008 | 16 April 2008 |
| 39 | Shaukat Javed | 17 April 2008 | 25 February 2009 |
| 40 | Kh. Khalid Farooq | 25 February 2009 | 1 April 2009 |
| 41 | Shaukat Javed | 1 April 2009 | 22 April 2009 |
| 42 | Tariq Saleem | 27 April 2009 | 31 December 2010 |
| 43 | Javed Iqbal | 7 January 2011 | 17 February 2012 |
| 44 | Haji Mohammad Habib ur Rehman | 17 February 2012 | 1 January 2013 |
| 45 | Aftab Sultan | 1 April 2013 | 25 May 2013 |
| 46 | Khan Baig | 25 May 2013 | 15 June 2014 |
| 47 | Mushtaq Ahmad Sukhera | 17 June 2014 | 10 April 2017 |
| 48 | Muhammad Usman | 10 April 2017 | 25 July 2017 |
| 49 | Arif Nawaz Khan | 25 July 2017 | 13 June 2018 |
| 50 | Kaleem Imam | 13 June 2018 | 11 September 2018 |
| 51 | Muhammad Tahir | 11 September 2018 | 15 October 2018 |
| 52 | Amjad Javed Saleemi | 15 October 2018 | 17 April 2019 |
| 53 | Arif Nawaz Khan | 17 April 2019 | 28 November 2019 |
| 54 | Shoaib Dastgir | 28 November 2019 | 9 September 2020 |
| 55 | Inam Ghani | 9 September 2020 | 8 September 2021 |
| 56 | Rao Sardar Ali Khan | 8 September 2021 | 23 July 2022 |
| 57 | Faisal Shahkar | 23 July 2022 | 21 December 2022 |
| 58 | Aamir Zulfiqar Khan | 22 December 2022 | 23 January 2023 |
| 59 | Dr Usman Anwar | 23 January 2023 | Present |

## Notable officers

* Ammara Athar
* Anoosh Masood Chaudhry
* Syeda Sheher Bano Naqvi
* Atif Nazeer
* Rana Ghayyour khan