# List of sovereign states in the 1910s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1910s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1910 and 31 December 1919. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 94 widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
* Sovereign states
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* Y

## Sovereign states

| Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty |
| A ||
| → Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan Capital: Kabul | De facto independent state that was a de jure British protectorate (to 8 August 1919). Widely recognized independent state (from 8 August 1919). |
| → Albania (from 28 November 1912) Capital: Durrës Independent Albania (from 12 November 1912 to 21 February 1914) Capital: Vlorë Principality of Albania (from 21 February 1914) | Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica by the Balkan League states. Recognized independent state de jure from 29 July 1913. De facto Italian protectorate from 23 June 1917. |
| Andorra – Principality of Andorra Capital: Andorra La Vella | Widely recognized independent state. |
| Angoche – Angoche Sultanate (to 1910) Capital: Angoche | Widely recognized state. |
| Argentina – Argentine Republic Capital: Buenos Aires | Widely recognized independent state |
| Armenia – Republic of Armenia (from 28 May 1918) Capital: Yerevan | Widely recognized state. |
| Asir – Idrisid Emirate of Asir Capital: Sabya | Widely recognized independent state |
| Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa Capital: Aussa | Widely recognized state. |
| Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (Dominion of the British Empire) Capital: Melbourne | Widely recognized independent state. Australia is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia had two external territories: Territory of New Guinea (League of Nations Mandate from 1914) Norfolk Island (from 1 July 1914)  Papua |
| Austria (from 12 November 1918) Capital: Vienna Republic of German-Austria (from 12 November 1918 to 10 September 1919) Republic of Austria (from 10 September 1919) | Widely recognized independent state. |
| Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (to 31 October 1918) Capital: Vienna and Budapest | Widely recognized independent state. Austria-Hungary had one concession: Tientsin (to 14 August 1917) |
| → Azerbaijan – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (from 28 May 1918) Capital: Ganja (to September, 1918), Baku (from September, 1918) | Widely recognized state. |
| B ||
| Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium Capital: Brussels | Widely recognized state. Belgium had one colony and one concession:  Belgian Congo (Colony) Ruanda-Urundi (League of Nations Mandate from 6 May 1916) Tientsin (Concession) |
| Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan (to January 8, 1910) Capital: Thimphu | Widely recognized state. |
| Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre | Widely recognized state. |
| Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil Capital: Rio de Janeiro | Widely recognized state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district. |
| Bulgaria – Tsardom of Bulgaria Capital: Sofia | Widely recognized state. |
| C ||
| Canada – Dominion of Canada (Dominion of the British Empire) Capital: Ottawa | Widely recognized state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. |
| Chile – Republic of Chile Capital: Santiago | Widely recognized state. |
| → → → China Capital: Peking Great Qing (to February 12, 1912) Republic of China (from January 1, 1912 to December 12, 1915) Empire of China (from December 12, 1915 to June 6, 1916) Republic of China (from June 6, 1916) | Widely recognized state to December 12, 1915, and from June 6, 1916. |
| Colombia – Republic of Colombia Capital: Bogotá | Widely recognized state. |
| Costa Rica– Republic of Costa Rica Capital: San José | Widely recognized state. |
| Crete – Cretan State (de jure to December 1, 1913) Capital: Chania | De jure autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire to December 1, 1913. De facto unilaterally annexed by Greece. |
| Cuba – Republic of Cuba Capital: Havana | Widely recognized state. |
| Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Republic (from October 28, 1918) Capital: Prague | Widely recognized state. |
| D ||
| Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti (to 1911) Capital: N'Délé | Widely recognized state. |
| Dar Gimr / Dar Kimr | |
| Dar Masalit – Sultanate | |
| Dar Sila – Dar Sila Daju (to 1916/1916) | |
| Dar Tama | |
| Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur (to 1916) Capital: El Fasher | Widely recognized state. |
| Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen | Widely recognized state. Denmark had one colony and one dependency: Danish West Indies (Colony to March 31, 1917) Greenland (Territory) Iceland (Dependency to December 1, 1918) |
| Dominican Republic – Second Dominican Republic Capital: Santo Domingo | Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from May 5, 1916. |
| E ||
| Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Capital: Quito | Widely recognized state. |
| → El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador | Widely recognized state. |
| Estonia (from February 24, 1918) Republic of Estonia (from February 24, 1918) Capital: Tallinn Commune of the Working People of Estonia (from November 29, 1918 to June 5, 1919) Capital: Narva | Widely recognized state. |
| → Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire Capital: Addis Ababa | Widely recognized state. |
| F ||
| → & Finland (from December 6, 1917) Capital: Helsinki Kingdom of Finland (from December 6, 1917 to July 17, 1919) Republic of Finland (from July 17, 1919) Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (from January 29 to May 5, 1918) | Widely recognized state. |
| France – French Republic Capital: Paris | Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France: French Algeria (de jure Department of Metropolitan France, de facto Colony) Territory of Cameroun (League of Nations Mandate, from 20 July 1916 (de facto)) French Comoros (Protectorate to 23 February 1914) French Congo (Colony to 15 January 1910) French Equatorial Africa (Federation of colonies from 15 January 1910) French Guiana (Colony) French India (Colony)  French Indochina (Federation of colonies) French Madagascar (Colony, includes Comoros from 23 February 1914) French Morocco (Protectorate from 30 March 1912) French Oceania (Protectorate) French Somaliland (Colony) French Tunisia (Protectorate) French West Africa (Federation of colonies) Guadeloupe (Colony) Hankou (Concession) Martinique (Colony)  New Caledonia (Colony) Réunion (Colony) Saint Barthélemy (Colony) Saint Martin (Colony) Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Colony) Shanghai (Concession) Tientsin (Concession) Ubangi-Shari (Colony to 15 January 1910; from 12 April 1916) Wallis and Futuna (Protectorate) |
| G ||
| Georgia – Democratic Republic of Georgia (from May 26, 1918) Capital: Tiflis | Widely recognized state. Immediately recognized by Germany and the Ottoman Empire. |
| → Germany Capital: Berlin German Empire (to November 9, 1918) German Reich (from November 9, 1918) | Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:  German East Africa (Colony to November 25, 1918) German Kiautschou (Concession to November 7, 1914)  German New Guinea (Protectorate to June 28, 1919) German Samoa (Protectorate) German South-West Africa (Colony to June 28, 1919) Hankou (Concession to August 1917) Kamerun (Colony to July 20, 1916) Tientsin (Concession to August 1917) Togoland (Protectorate to August 26, 1914) |
| Greece – Kingdom of Greece Capital: Athens | Widely recognized state. |
| Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa (to 1911) Capital: Jongaya | Widely recognized state to 1911. Annexed by the Netherlands in 1911. |
| Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City | Widely recognized state. |
| H ||
| Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar Capital: Ha'il | Widely recognized state. |
| Haiti – Republic of Haiti Capital: Port-au-Prince | Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from July 28, 1915. |
| → Hejaz – Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz (from June 10, 1916) Capital: Mecca | Widely recognized state. |
| Honduras – Republic of Honduras Capital: Tegucicalpa | Widely recognized state. |
| → → → Hungary (from November 16, 1918) Capital: Budapest Hungarian People's Republic (from November 16, 1918 to March 21, 1919) Hungarian Soviet Republic (from March 21 to August 1, 1919) Hungarian People's Republic (from August 1 to 8, 1919) Hungarian Republic (from August 8, 1919) | Unrecognized state from August 1 to 8, 1919. |
| I ||
| Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland (from December 1, 1918) Capital: Reykjavík | Widely recognized independent state under a personal union with Denmark. Still dependent from Denmark. |
| Italy – Kingdom of Italy Capital: Rome | Widely recognized state. Italy had four colonies and three concessions: Amoy (Concession) Italian Cyrenaica (Colony, from November 5, 1911) Italian Eritrea (Colony) Italian Somaliland (Colony) Italian Tripolitania (Colony, from November 5, 1911) Shanghai (Concession) Tientsin (Concession) |
| J ||
| Japan – Empire of Japan Capital: Tokyo City | Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following protectorates, dependencies and concessions: Chongqing (Concession) Hangzhou (Concession) Hankou (Concession) Korea (Protectorate to August 29, 1910) Japanese Korea (Chōsen) (Dependency from August 29, 1910) Karafuto (Dependency) Kwantung (Concession) Shashi (Concession) Suzhou (Concession) Taiwan (Dependency) Tientsin (Concession) Japan administered one League of Nations mandate: South Seas Mandate (LON mandate from June 28, 1919) |
| L ||
| & Latvia (disputed between two governments) (from November 18, 1918) Capital: Riga, Dvinsk, and Rezhitsa Republic of Latvia (from November 18, 1918) Capital: Riga  Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (from December 17, 1918) | Widely recognized state. |
| Liberia – Republic of Liberia Capital: Monrovia | Widely recognized state. |
| Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein Capital: Vaduz | Widely recognized state. |
| → & Lithuania (from February 16, 1918) Capital: Vilnius Kingdom of Lithuania (from March 23 to November 2, 1918) Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (from December 16, 1918, to February 27, 1919) Republic of Lithuania (from February 16, 1918) | Widely recognized state. |
| Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (to August 1914, from November 11, 1918) Capital: Luxembourg City | Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupation. |
| M ||
| Mbundaland – Mbunda Kingdom (to 1917) Capital: Lumbala N'guimbo | Widely recognized state. |
| → Mexico Capital: Mexico City Porfiriato (to May 25, 1911) United Mexican States (from February 5, 1917) | Widely recognized state. Mexico had one territory: Isla de la Pasión (Uninhabited territory) |
| Monaco – Principality of Monaco Capital: Monaco | Widely recognized state. |
| Mongolia - Great Mongolian State (from December 29, 1911 to June 17, 1915) Capital: Niislel Khuree | Widely recognized state. Still dependent from China. |
| → Montenegro (to November 28, 1918) Capital: Cetinje Principality of Montenegro (to August 28, 1910) Kingdom of Montenegro (from August 28, 1910 to November 28, 1918) | Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918. |
| Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco (to March 30, 1912) Capital: Fes | De jure sovereign state under French and Spanish protectorate from March 30, 1912. |
| Mountain Republic - Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (from March 6, 1917) Capital: Temir-Khan-Shura | Widely recognized state. |
| Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman Capital: Muscat | De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate. |
| N ||
| → Riyadh / Nejd Capital: Riyadh Emirate of Riyadh (to 1913) Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (from 1913) | Widely recognized state. |
| Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam | Widely recognized independent state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies: Curaçao and Dependencies Dutch East Indies Surinam |
| Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland Capital: St. John's | Widely recognized state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. |
| New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand Capital: Wellington | Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand: Cook Islands (Dependent territory) Niue Island (Dependent territory) |
| Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Capital: Managua | Widely recognized state. Under United States military occupation from 1912. |
| Nri – Kingdom of Nri (to 1911) Capital: Igbo-Ukwu | Widely recognized state. |
| Norway – Kingdom of Norway Capital: Oslo | Widely recognized state. Norway had three uninhabited possessions: Bouvet Island Peter I Island Sverdrup Islands |
| O ||
| Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State Capital: Constantinople | Widely recognized state. Ottoman Empire had one protectorate: North Caucasian Emirate (from September 1919) |
| Ouaddai – Sultanate of Ouaddai (to 1912) Capital: Abeche | Widely recognized state. |
| P ||
| Panama – Republic of Panama Capital: Panama City | Widely recognized state. |
| Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay Capital: Asuncion | Widely recognized state. |
| Persia – Persian Empire Capital: Tehran | Widely recognized state. |
| Peru Capital: Lima Aristocratic Republic (to May 19, 1919) Peruvian Republic (from May 19, 1919) | Widely recognized independent state. |
| Poland (from January 14, 1917) Capital: Warsaw Kingdom of Poland (from January 14, 1917 to November 11, 1918) Republic of Poland (from November 11, 1918) | Client / Puppet state of Germany until November 11, 1918. Widely recognized independent state from November 11, 1918. |
| → Portugal Capital: Lisbon Kingdom of Portugal (to October 5, 1910) Portuguese Republic (from October 5, 1910) | Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal: → Portuguese Cape Verde (Colony) Kongo (Vassal state to 1914) → Portuguese Macau (Colony) → Portuguese East Africa (Colony) → Portuguese Guinea (Colony) → Portuguese India (Colony) → Portuguese Timor (Colony) → Portuguese West Africa (Colony) → Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá (Possession) → Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (Colony) |
| Powo – Kingdom of Powo Capital: Kanam (now Galang Village, Bomê County) | Widely recognized state |
| R ||
| Romania – Kingdom of Romania Capital: Bucharest | Widely recognized state. |
| → → → Russia Capital: Saint Petersburg Russian Empire (to March 15, 1917) Russian Provisional Government (from March 15 to September 14, 1917) Russian Republic (from September 14, 1917 to January 18, 1918) Russian Democratic Federal Republic (from January 18, 1918 to January 19, 1918) Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (from January 25, 1918) | Widely recognized state. Russia had three protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy: Bukhara (Protectorate) Khiva (Protectorate) Uryankhay (Protectorate from April 17, 1914) Tientsin (Concession) Finland (Autonomous grand duchy to December 6, 1917) |
| S ||
| San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino Capital: San Marino | Widely recognized state. |
| → Serbia / Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Capital: Belgrade Kingdom of Serbia (to December 1, 1918) Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from December 1, 1918) | Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918. |
| Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (to 1916) Capital: Kota Mambang Segara | Widely recognized state. |
| → → Siam – Kingdom of Siam Capital: Bangkok | Widely recognized state. |
| → South Africa – Union of South Africa (Dominion of the British Empire) (from May 31, 1910) Capital: Pretoria | Widely recognized independent state. South Africa is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. South Africa has one mandate: → South West Africa (League of Nations Mandate from 9 July 1915) |
| Spain – Kingdom of Spain Capital: Madrid | Widely recognized state. Spain had three colonies, one protectorate and two possessions: Elobey, Annobón and Corisco (Colony) Fernando Poo (Colony) Río Muni (Colony) Spanish Morocco (Protectorate from November 27, 1912) Spanish North Africa (Possession)  Spanish Sahara (Possession) |
| Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu (to 1915) Capital: Jolo | Widely recognized state. |
| Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden Capital: Stockholm | Widely recognized state. |
| Switzerland – Swiss Confederation Capital: Bern | Widely recognized state. |
| T ||
| Tibet (from 1912) Capital: Lhasa | De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China. |
| Transcaucasia – Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (from February 22 to May 28, 1918) Capital: Tiflis | Widely recognized independent state. |
| U ||
| United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital: London | Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom: Aden (Protectorate) Afghanistan (Protectorate under Treaty of Gandamak to August 8, 1919) Amoy (Concession) Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Condominium of the United Kingdom and the Khedivate/Sultanate of Egypt) Ascension Island (Possession) Bahama Islands (Crown colony) Bahrain (Protectorate) Baker Island (Uninhabited possession)  Barbados (Crown colony) Barotziland–North-Western Rhodesia (Protectorate to August 17, 1911) Basutoland (Crown colony) Bechuanaland (Protectorate) → Bermuda (Crown colony)  Bhutan (Independent state under Treaty of Punakha from January 8, 1910)  British Ceylon (Crown colony) British Cyprus (Protectorate to 1914; Unilaterally annexed military occupation from 1914) British East Africa (Protectorate) → British Guiana (Colony) → British Honduras (Crown colony) British Hong Kong (Crown colony) British Jamaica (Crown colony) British Leeward Islands (Crown colony) British Mauritius (Crown colony) British Somaliland (Crown colony) British Trinidad and Tobago (Crown colony) British Western Pacific Territories (Crown colony) British Windward Islands (Crown colony) Brunei (Protectorate)  Cape Colony (Colony to May 31, 1910) Colony of Natal (Colony to May 31, 1910) Egypt (Protectorate from December 18, 1914) Falkland Islands (Crown colony) Federated Malay States (Protectorate) Gambia (Crown colony and protectorate) Gibraltar (Crown colony)  Gold Coast (Crown colony) Graham Land (Uninhabited possession) Guernsey (Crown dependency) Hankou (Concession) Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited possession)  India - Indian Empire (Crown colony) Isle of Man (Crown dependency) Jarvis Island (Uninhabited possession)  Jersey (Crown dependency) Jiujiang (Concession) → Kuwait (Protectorate) Maldive Islands (Protectorate) Malta (Crown colony) Nepal (Protectorate) Nigeria (Crown colony and protectorate from January 1, 1914)  North Borneo (Protectorate) Northern Nigeria (Protectorate to January 1, 1914) North-Eastern Rhodesia (Protectorate to August 17, 1911) Northern Rhodesia (Colony from August 17, 1911) → → Nyasaland (Protectorate) Orange River Colony (Colony to May 31, 1910) Qatar (Protectorate from November 3, 1916) Rhodesia (Company rule by British South Africa Company) Saint Helena (Crown colony)  Sarawak (Protectorate) Seychelles (Crown colony) → Sierra Leone (Crown colony and protectorate) → Sikkim (Independent state under the Treaty of Tumlong) South Orkney Islands (Uninhabited possession) South Shetland Islands (Uninhabited possession) Southern Nigeria (Protectorate to January 1, 1914) Straits Settlements (Crown colony) Suez Canal Zone (Crown colony) Swaziland (Protectorate) Tanganyika Territory (League of Nations Mandate from 1916) Tientsin (Concession)  Transvaal Colony (Colony to May 31, 1910) Tristan da Cunha (Crown colony) Trucial States (Protectorate) Unfederated Malay States Johor (Protectorate from 1914) → Kedah (Protectorate) Kelantan (Protectorate)  Perlis (Protectorate) Terengganu (Protectorate) → Uganda (Protectorate) Union Islands (Protectorate until 29 February 1916 to become Colony) Victoria Land (Uninhabited possession) Weihai (Concession) Zanzibar (Protectorate) Zhenjiang (Concession) |
| → United States – United States of America Capital: Washington, D.C. | Widely recognized state. The following are territories of the United States of America: → Alaska (District to August 24, 1912; Territory from August 24, 1912) → American Samoa (Territory) Arizona (Territory to February 14, 1912) → Bajo Nuevo Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Corn Islands (Territory) → Guam (Territory) Hawaii (Territory) → Howland Island (Uninhabited territory) → Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited territory) → Kingman Reef (Uninhabited territory) → Middlebrook Island (Uninhabited territory) → Midway Atoll (Uninhabited territory) → Navassa Island (Uninhabited territory) New Mexico (Territory to January 6, 1912) → Palmyra Atoll (Territory) → → Panama Canal Zone (Territory) → Philippine Islands (Territory) → Puerto Rico (Territory) → Quita Sueño Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Roncador Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Serrana Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Serranilla Bank (Uninhabited territory) → Swan Islands (Uninhabited territory) → U.S. Virgin Islands (Territory from March 31, 1917) → Wake Island (Uninhabited territory) |
| Upper Asir - Sheikdom of Upper Asir (from August 1916) Capital: Abha | Widely recognized state. |
| Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay Capital: Montevideo | Widely recognized state. |
| V ||
| Venezuela – United States of Venezuela Capital: Caracas | Widely recognized state. |
| Wadai – Wadai Sultanate (to 1912) Capital: Abéché | |
| Y ||
| Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (from October 30, 1918) Capital: Sana`a | Widely recognized independent state. |
| Other Entities Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent: ||
| Alash – Alash Autonomy (from December 13, 1917) Capital: Alash-Qala | Unrecognized state. |
| Alsace-Lorraine – Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic (from November 10 to 22, 1918) Capital: Straßburg | Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I. |
| Altai – Confederated Republic of Altai (from March 1918) Capital: Gorno-Altaysk | Unrecognized state. |
| Aras – Republic of Aras (from December 1918 to June 1919) Capital: Nakhchivan | Unrecognized state. |
| Baku Commune – 26 Baku Commissars (from April 1918 to July 1918) Capital: Baku | Unrecognized entity. |
| Banat Republic (from October 31, 1918 to February 20, 1919) Capital: Timișoara | Unrecognized state. Client state of the Hungarian People's Republic to November 1918. Client state of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from November 1918. |
| → Bavaria Capital: Munich People's State of Bavaria (from November 8, 1918 to April 6, 1919) Bavarian Soviet Republic (from April 6 to May 3, 1919) | Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I. |
| → Belarus Capital: Minsk Belarusian People's Republic – (from March 9 to December 1918) Capital: Minsk, Vilna, and Grodno Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (from January 1 to February 17, 1919) | Partially-recognized state from 1918 to 1919. Puppet/Buffer State of Soviet Russia from January 1, 1919. |
| Bottleneck – Free State of Bottleneck (from January 10, 1919) Capital: Lorch | Unoccupied territory within post-World War I Germany. |
| Bremen – Bremen Soviet Republic (from January 10 to February 4, 1919) Capital: Bremen | Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I. |
| Central Albania – Republic of Central Albania (from October 16, 1913 to March 7, 1914) Capital: Durrës | Unrecognized state. |
| Centrocaspian Dictatorship – Centro-Caspian Dictatorship (from August 1 to September 15, 1918) Capital: Baku | Unrecognized state. |
| Courland and Semigallia – Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (from March 8 to September 22, 1918) Capital: Riga | Client state of Germany. |
| → Crimea Capital: Bakhchysarai Crimean People's Republic (from December 1917 to January 1918) Crimea – Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic (from May to June 1919) | Self-proclaimed autonomy of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic. |
| Don – Don Republic (from May 18, 1918) Capital: Novocherkassk | Unrecognized state. |
| Donbas and Kryvbas – Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic (from February 12 to March 20, 1918) Capital: Kharkiv | Unrecognized, self-declared state. |
| Hutsul Republic (from January 8 to June 11, 1919) Capital: Yasinia | Unrecognized state. |
| Icaria – Free State of Icaria (from July 18 to November 1912) Capital: Icaria | Unrecognized state. |
| Idel-Ural – Idel-Ural State (from March 1, 1918 to April 1918) Capital: Ufa | Semi-Independent state. |
| Ireland – Irish Republic (from January 21, 1919) Capital: Dublin | Revolutionary state. |
| Kars Republic – Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus (from December 1, 1918 to April 1919) Capital: Kars | Nominally-independent provisional government. |
| Kokand – Turkestan Autonomy (from November 27, 1917 to February 22, 1918) Capital: Kokand | Unrecognized state. |
| Komancza – Komancza Republic (from November 4, 1918 to January 24, 1919) Capital: Komańcza | Microstate. |
| Korea, Provisional Government of – Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (from April 11, 1919) Capital-in-exile: Shanghai | Partially recognized Korean government-in-exile. |
| Kuban – Kuban People's Republic (from January 28, 1918) Capital: Yekaterinodar | Unrecognized state. |
| Lemko Republic – Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (from December 5, 1918) Capital: Florynka | Unrecognized state from December 5, 1918. |
| Lithuania-Byelorussia – Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (from February 17 to July 17, 1919) Capital: Vilnius, Minsk, and Smolensk | Soviet puppet state from February 17 to July 17, 1919. |
| Moldova – Moldavian Democratic Republic (from December 15, 1917 to December 10, 1918) Capital: Argyrokastron | Unrecognized state. |
| Northern Epirus – Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (from February 28 to May 17, 1914) Capital: Argyrokastron | Unrecognized, self-declared independent state. Autonomy under nominal (unimplemented) Albanian sovereignty from May 17, 1914; de facto under Greek administration from October 27, 1914. |
| North Ingria – Republic of North Ingria (from January 23, 1919) Capital: Kirjasalo | Unrecognized state. |
| Oman, Imamate of – Imamate of Oman (from 1913) Capital: Nizwa | Unrecognized state. |
| Odessa – Odessa Soviet Republic (from January 17 to March 13, 1918) Capital: Odessa | Puppet state of Soviet Russia. |
| Perloja – Republic of Perloja (from November 1918) | Unrecognized state. |
| Slovakia Slovakia – Slovak People's Republic (from December 11 1918 to December 29 1918) Capital: Košice Slovakia – Slovak Soviet Republic (from June 16 to July 7, 1919) Capital: Prešov | Puppet state of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. |
| Slovenes, Croats and Serbs – State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (from October 29 to December 1, 1918) Capital: Zagreb | Unrecognized provisional government. |
| Syria – Arab Kingdom of Syria (from November 26, 1919) Capital: Damascus | De facto independent state not recognized by any other state. |
| Tarnobrzeg – Republic of Tarnobrzeg (from November 6, 1918, to spring 1919) Capital: Tarnobrzeg | Unrecognized state. |
| Tripolitania – Tripolitanian Republic (from November 16, 1918 to July 12, 1919, from November 1919) Capital: ‘Aziziya | Unrecognized state. |
| Uhtua – Republic of Uhtua (from June 21, 1918) Capital: Uhtua | Unrecognized state. |
| Ukraine (separated into several governments) Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (from December 25, 1917 to March 1918) Capital: Kharkiv Ukrainian People's Republic (from January 22, 1918) Capital: Kyiv Ukrainian State (from April 29 to December 14, 1918) Capital: Kyiv West Ukrainian People's Republic (from November 1, 1918 to January 22, 1919) Capital: Lviv, Ternopil, Stanislaviv, and Zalishchyky |
| Uryankhay – Uryankhay Republic (from December 1, 1911 to April 17, 1914) Capital: Belotsarsk | Self-declared independent state. |
| Western Thrace – Independent Government of Western Thrace (from August 31 to October 25, 1913) Capital: Komotini | Unrecognized state. |
| Würzburg – Würzburg Soviet Republic (from April 7 to 9, 1919) Capital: Würzburg | Unrecognized socialist state created during the German Revolution after the World War I. |
| Zakopane – Republic of Zakopane (from October 13 to November 16, 1918) Capital: Zakopane | Unrecognized state. |