OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electroless nickel immersion gold

Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes. It consists of an electroless nickel plating, covered with a thin layer of gold, which protects the nickel from oxidation. The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts such as gold sulfites with an example being Na$_3$Au(SO$_3$)$_2$ or potassium gold cyanide (KAu(CN)$_2$), with a complexing agent and a stabilizer. The bath needs to be replaced after a certain number of uses and the composition of the gold bath may be patented. Some of the nickel is oxidized to Ni$^{2+}$ while the gold is reduced to metallic state. A variant of this process adds a thin layer of electroless palladium over the nickel, a process known by the acronym ENEPIG.
ENIG can be applied before or after the solder mask, also known as "overall" or "selective chemical Ni/Au," respectively. The latter type is more common and significantly cheaper as less gold is needed to cover only the solder pads.

## Advantages and disadvantages

ENIG and ENEPIG are meant to replace the more conventional coatings of solder, such as hot air solder leveling (HASL/HAL). While more expensive and require more processing steps, they have several advantages, including excellent surface planarity (important for ball grid array component mounting), good oxidation resistance, prevents 'copper migration', and suitability for movable contacts such as membrane switches and plug-in connectors.
Early ENIG processes had poor adhesion to copper and lower solderability than HASL. In addition, a non-conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus, known as "black pad", could form over the coating due to sulfur-containing compounds from the solder mask leaching into the plating bath.

## Standards

The quality and other aspects of ENIG coatings for PCBs are covered by IPC Standard 4552A, while IPC standard 7095D, about ball array connectors, covers some ENIG problems and their remediation.
# Gail Schoettler

Gail Schoettler (/ʃɛtlɜːr/, née Sinton; born October 21, 1943) is a retired American politician and businesswoman who served as the 44th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado and 50th Colorado State Treasurer. In the 1998 gubernatorial election, Schoettler was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Colorado, losing to Republican Bill Owens by just 7,783 votes.

## Early life and education

Schoettler was born Gail Sinton in Los Angeles, California on October 21, 1943. Schoettler's father was a cattle rancher and member of the Shandon school board. Schoettler has a brother and twin sister. Schoettler grew up on a cattle ranch in Shandon, California.
In 1965, Schoettler earned a Bachelor of Art degree in economics from Stanford University. Schoettler earned a master's degree and PhD degree in African History from University of California, Santa Barbara.

## Career

Schoettler became a research assistant for an African Studies professor at University of Denver's Graduate School of International Studies, earning $2.50 an hour.
In 1975, Schoettler co-founded and became the President of the Denver Children’s Museum in Denver, Colorado, until 1985. In the same year, Schoettler co-founded Women's Bank of Denver.

### Politics

In 1979, Schoettler became a member of Board of Education in Douglas County, Colorado. Schoettler served until 1987. In 1983, Schoettler became an Executive Director of the Colorado Department of Personnel,
On November 4, 1986, Schoettler became the 50th Colorado State Treasurer. Schoettler defeated Dick Sargent and Joseph M. Nelson with 51.60% of the votes. On November 6, 1990, as an incumbent, Schoettler won the election and continued serving as Treasurer of Colorado. Schoettler defeated Dick Sargent and Karen Thiessen with 53.74% of the votes.
In 1994, Schoettler was elected Lieutenant Governor of Colorado as the running mate of Roy Romer. On November 3, 1998, Schoettler lost the election as the Democratic nominee for Governor of Colorado. Schoettler was defeated by Bill Owens with 48.43% of the votes. Schoettler was defeated by 7,783 votes.

### Post-government career

Schoettler and Judi Wagner started a women's group that would raise money to support women candidates. Schoettler cofounded Electing Women and Electing Women Alliance. In 1999, Schoettler was appointed as the U.S. Ambassador of 2000 World Radiocommunication Conference, hosted in Istanbul, Turkey. Schoettler is the owner of eGlobalEducation, a travel company.

## Personal life

At 21 years old, Schoettler married John Schoettler, a geologist, and they moved to Santa Barbara, California. In 1969, the Schoettlers moved to Colorado. The couple divorced in 1988, and in 1990, Gail Schoettler married Dr. Donald Stevens, Dean of the University of Colorado at Denver College of Business. Schoettler has three children and two step-children, and as of 1998 lives in Parker, Colorado.
# Stratford Central Secondary School

Stratford Central Secondary School was a public high school and middle school in Stratford, Ontario, Canada.
The school was originally called Stratford Collegiate Institute.
In 2020, the building was renamed Stratford Intermediate School, and became a school for Grades 7 and 8. Secondary students from the former school were moved to Stratford Northwestern Secondary School, which was renamed Stratford District Secondary School.

## Extracurricular Activities
### Clubs

Stratford Central at closing had 18 different clubs, associations, and councils.

### Music Ensembles

Stratford Central had numerous music ensembles, including:
* Symphonic Band (Grade 10-12)
* Concert Band (Grade 9)
* Jazz Band (Grade 11-12)
* Central singers (School choir)
* Guitar Ensemble
* Rams Horns (Brass Quintet)
* Marching Band

## Notable alumni

* Princess Basmah Bani Ahmad, royal princess of Jordan
* Graham Abbey, actor
* James Reaney, poet and playwright
* Stanley Stewart, writer
* Lloyd Robertson, news anchor
* Stewart Reynolds, web personality
* Britta Johnson, composer and lyricist
# Alan Ogley

Alan Ogley is a footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Barnsley, Manchester City, Stockport County and Darlington. He played for the Division One championship-winning side in 1967–68, although he only made 2 appearances as third choice behind Ken Mulhearn and Harry Dowd. He was succeeded by Reuben Noble-Lazarus on 30 September 2008 at being the youngest player to debut in the English Football League.
# Dave Tennant

David Tennant (born 13 June 1945) is an English former footballer who made 75 appearances in the Football League playing as a goalkeeper for Walsall, Lincoln City and Rochdale. He also played non-league football for Worcester City, Corby Town and Skegness Town.
# Filippo Colonna, 6th Prince of Paliano

Filippo Colonna, 6th Prince of Paliano (1578 – 11 April 1639), Prince of Paliano, was an Italian nobleman, who was the head of the Colonna family of Rome and the hereditary Gran Connestabile at the court of Naples.

## Biography

He was born in Rome. A nephew of Carlo Borromeo and grand nephew of Gian Giacomo Medici, he married Lucrezia Tomacelli, of the Lords of Galatro (1576–1622) in 1597.
His rebuilding of Palazzo Colonna began the process of creating a unified structure of the assortment of medieval buildings. He realized the monumental garden entrance on Monte Cavallo. In 1639, he walked down a well known path by his home, and promptly died by slipping on a stone of sorts and splitting open his head on the rocks.
At his death it was revealed that he had appointed his second son, Girolamo, to be his heir, thus starting a war of succession between the eldest son, Federico, and Girolamo.

## Issue

He had five children;
* Anna Colonna (died 1658), wife of Taddeo Barberini (Prince of Palestrina). Mother of Lucrezia Barberini, Duchess of Modena, of Maffeo Barberini and of Carlo Barberini.
* Federico Colonna, Prince of Paliano, Prince of Butera (1601–1641) married Margherita Branciforte and had issue;
* Girolamo Colonna (1604–1666) elevated to Cardinal in 1627 by Pope Urban VIII (the uncle of his brother-in-law Taddeo).
* Marcantonio V Colonna, Prince of Paliano (1606/1610–1659) married Isabella Gioeni Cardona, Princess of Castiglione and had issue including Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna.
* Carlo Colonna, Duke of the Marsi, Patriarch of Jerusalem (1607–1686) died unmarried.
* Chiara Maria Colonna (April 1610-1676), in religion Sister Chiara Maria della Passione, discalced Carmelite, foundress of the convent Regina Coeli in Naples.
* Vittoria Colonna (1620-?)
# Frank Fleming (association footballer)

Francis Joseph Fleming (born 21 December 1945) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Darlington as a goalkeeper.
Fleming was born in South Shields in 1945. He joined Darlington in July 1964, and made two senior appearances, both in the Fourth Division as a stand-in for regular goalkeeper Jimmy O'Neill. His debut came on 3 October 1964, in a 3–1 defeat away to Bradford Park Avenue, and he kept his place for the next match before O'Neill returned to the side.
# Graham Brown (footballer, born 1944)

Graham Cummings Brown (born 21 March 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Mansfield Town, Doncaster Rovers, Swansea City, York City and Rotherham United, in the North American Soccer League for Portland Timbers, in non-League football for Crawley Town, Southport and Boston United and was on the books of Millwall, Brighton & Hove Albion and Watford without making a league appearance. After retiring, he worked as chief scout at Rotherham and Oldham Athletic.
# John Milkins

Albert John Milkins was an English professional footballer whose career ran from the start of the 1960s to the end of the 1970s.
Born in Romford on 3 January 1944, Milkins won one England Youth cap whilst with his first club Portsmouth, to whom he was to give 15 years of service. He made his debut for the first team in their final match in the English First Division, although he was to wait a further two years for his next appearance. In all Milkins was to make over 300 appearances for Portsmouth and was to prove such a popular player that in 1970 he was awarded the inaugural Player of the Year trophy. The following year he was awarded a testimonial against local rivals Southampton which resulted in a 0–7 defeat. In the 1974 close season he was sold to Oxford United for whom he played sporadically until his last league appearance in May 1979. He then joined now defunct Southern League club Waterlooville and, after two years as first-choice goalkeeper, became player-manager during the 1981–82 season, taking over from John Waugh. At the end of that season he retired from playing but continued as first-team manager until December 1983. During his two years as manager of Waterlooville the club were promoted to the Premier Division, reached the final of the Southern League Cup, and reached the first round proper of the F.A. Cup where they played against league opposition for the only time in their history, losing to Northampton Town after two replays. After being replaced as Waterlooville manager by Ernie Bradwell part-way through the 1983–84 season, Milkins then ran a sports shop/ snooker hall consortium. Milkins has a daughter, Julie, and a son, David, who was also an accomplished footballer, playing as a forward for Waterlooville in the 1980s and 1990s.
# Flora Parker DeHaven

Flora Parker DeHaven (September 1, 1883 – September 9, 1950) was an American actress.
Flora Parker, who was a Paramount-Artcraft co-star with her husband, Carter DeHaven, was born at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Early in life, she displayed a desire to go on the stage. Her initial stage appearance was made at New Orleans in stock. She became a leading lady for Nat Goodwin before going into vaudeville with her husband.
She played the Queen in Queen of the Moulin Rouge. Mrs. DeHaven was an exceptionally fine dancer. Her screen debut was made under the Universal banner, from which company she went to Goldwyn as co-star with her husband in a series of two-reel comedies and then to Paramount-Artcraft, also as co-star. She was often billed as "Mrs. Carter DeHaven". She was of medium height and had a dark complexion and dark eyes. She was the mother of actress Gloria DeHaven.
DeHaven's Broadway credits include His Little Widows (1917), All Aboard (1913), The Girl and the Wizard (1909), The Queen of the Moulin Rouge (1908), and Mr. Bluebeard (1903).
On September 9, 1950, DeHaven died of a heart attack in Hollywood, California, at age 67.
# Bill Kuusisto

William E. Kuusisto (April 26, 1918 – May 28, 1973) was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Green Bay Packers. Kuusisto played collegiate ball for the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin before being drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the eighth round of the 1941 NFL draft. He played professionally for six seasons and retired in 1946. Kuusisto was also a professional wrestler.

## Early life and education

Kuusisto was born on April 26, 1918 in Herman, Michigan and attended Roosevelt High School in Virginia, Minnesota. He then played collegiate ball for the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin.

## Football career

Kuusisto was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the eighth round of the 1941 NFL draft. He won the 1944 NFL Championship with the Packers. He continued to play for the Packers until he retired in 1946.

## Wrestling career

Kuusisto was also a professional wrestler.

## Later life and death

Kuusisto died of a heart attack in Paynesville, Minnesota on May 28, 1973, at the age of 55.
# Civil War Museum of Philadelphia

The Civil War Museum of Philadelphia (formerly the Civil War and Underground Railroad Museum of Philadelphia and previously the Civil War Library and Museum) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, claims to be the oldest chartered American Civil War institution in the United States. The museum was founded in 1888 by veteran U.S. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps officers.
In 2008, the museum closed to the public in anticipation of a move to other quarters. In June 2016, the museum announced that ownership of its collection of about 3,000 artifacts would transfer to the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center, "the non-profit partner of the National Park Service at Gettysburg." Artifacts from the collection will continue to be displayed in Philadelphia at the National Constitution Center. Books, archives, and other two-dimensional material will continue to be owned by the Civil War Museum and are available to researchers at the Heritage Center of the Union League of Philadelphia.
While closed, the collection was stored at the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center, where material from the collection was displayed from 2013 to 2015.

## Location

On August 7, 2007, the museum announced that it would relocate from 1805 Pine Street near Rittenhouse Square to the former First Bank of the United States building near Independence Hall. Philadelphia Mayor John F. Street presented the museum with a check for $1.2 million to assist in its relocation. On August 2, 2008, the Pine Street location permanently closed and the museum planned to reopen in its new location in 2011.
In 2009, Governor Ed Rendell canceled the state's portion of the funding needed to relocate the museum, prompting the National Park Service to withdraw its offer to use the First Bank building.

## Collection

The museum displayed the mounted head of "Old Baldy", the horse that was ridden by U.S. Major General George G. Meade during most of the Civil War. Old Baldy's head was mounted in 1882 and restored in 1991. In 2010, it was returned to its owner, the Grand Army of the Republic Museum and Library in the Frankford neighborhood of Philadelphia, which had loaned it to the museum in 1979.
In addition to a large portrait and artifacts associated with General Meade, the museum's collection included personal items from other U.S. generals, including Ulysses S. Grant, John F. Reynolds, and George B. McClellan.
The collection also included a large number of military escutcheons, which were made in the United States from the end of the Civil War until about 1907. They resembled a coat of arms and depicted the military record of a veteran. Usually commissioned by the veteran or his family to memorialize his service, they were produced by an artist using chromolithography.
The museum had items pertaining to Abraham Lincoln, including a cast of his hands, a lock of hair, and a death mask.
# Aryeh Nehemkin

Aryeh Nehemkin (Hebrew: אריה נחמקין; 2 November 1925 – 24 November 2021) was an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment from 1981 until 1988, and as Minister of Agriculture between 1984 and 1988.

## Biography

Nehemkin was born in Nahalal during the Mandate Era. He was a Haganah member between 1943 and 1948. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War he served in the IDF, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. Nehemkin was a member of the Economic Committee of the Moshavim Movement in 1959-60, becoming the co-ordinator of its economic section between 1965 and 1967, before serving as the movement's secretary between 1970 and 1981.
In 1981 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment's list. He was re-elected in 1984, and was appointed Minister of Agriculture in the national unity government. He lost his seat in the 1988 elections.
Nehemkin died on 24 November 2021 at the age of 96, and was buried in Nahalal Cemetery.
# Vallet-Danuser House

Vallet-Danuser House is a historic home located near Hermann, Gasconade County, Missouri. The rear ell was built about 1855 and main section about 1865. It is a two-story, ell-shaped, red brick I-house. It features a subterranean vaulted wine cellar. Also on the property are the contributing tenant house, smokehouse and barn.$^{:2}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Dunnart

A dunnart (from Noongar donat) is a narrow-footed marsupial the size of a European mouse, of the genus Sminthopsis. Dunnarts have a largely insectivorous diet.

## Taxonomy

The genus name Sminthopsis was published by Oldfield Thomas in 1887, the author noting that the name Podabrus that had previously been used to describe the species was preoccupied as a genus of beetles. The type species is Phascogale crassicaudata, published by John Gould in 1844.
There are 19 species, all of them in Australia or New Guinea:
* Genus Sminthopsis
** S. crassicaudata species-group
*** Fat-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata
** S. macroura species-group
*** Kakadu dunnart, Sminthopsis bindi
*** Carpentarian dunnart, Sminthopsis butleri
*** Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi
*** Stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura
*** Red-cheeked dunnart, Sminthopsis virginiae
** S. granulipes species-group
*** White-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis granulipes
** S. griseoventer species-group
*** Grey-bellied dunnart, Sminthopsis griseoventer
** S. murina species-group
*** Kangaroo Island dunnart, Sminthopsis aitkeni
*** Chestnut dunnart, Sminthopsis archeri
*** Little long-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis dolichura
*** Sooty dunnart, Sminthopsis fuliginosus
*** Gilbert's dunnart, Sminthopsis gilberti
*** White-footed dunnart, Sminthopsis leucopus
*** Slender-tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis murina
** S. psammophila species-group
*** Hairy-footed dunnart, Sminthopsis hirtipes
*** Ooldea dunnart, Sminthopsis ooldea
*** Sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila
*** Lesser hairy-footed dunnart, Sminthopsis youngsoni
Additionally, two species are recognized by the American Society of Mammalogists:
* Froggatt's dunnart, Sminthopsis froggatti
* Stalker's dunnart, Sminthopsis stalkeri
The American Society of Mammalogists also lists S. griseoventer as a synonym of S. fuliginosa, and moved S. longicaudata to the genus Antechinomys.

## Description

A male dunnart's Y chromosome is the smallest known mammalian Y chromosome.
# Les Surman

Leslie Surman (23 November 1947 – 5 December 1978) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Charlton Athletic and Rotherham United. On his Charlton debut in 1965, Surman conceded three goals, and never played for the club again. Surman later played non-league football for Cambridge United, and died in 1978, aged 31.
# Billy Halsall

William Halsall (2 May 1897 – 1968) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Southport.
# Babacar Diop (politician)

Babacar Diop (born 17 August 1982) is a Senegalese politician who has served as Mayor of Thiès since 2022.

## Early life and education

Diop was born on 17 August 1982, to Cheikh Mbacké Diop, a teacher, and his wife, Fatou Bane. He was raised in the Sam Pathé neighbourhood of Thiès and later earned a certificate from the École Franco-Arabe Bilal de Thiès in French and Arabic. In 1997, he completed his BFEM at Djibril Thiaw College, where he was given the nickname Laye Diaw. Diop then attended the Lycee Malick SY where Diop stated he was one of the leaders of a strike demanding the establishment of a second high school in the city.

## Political career

He joined the Socialist Party of Senegal in 2005. He was the coordinator of the party's affiliated youth movement Youth for Democracy and Socialism (JDS). The JDS was briefly part of the Manko Taxawu Sénégal coalition during the 2017 Senegalese parliamentary election but withdrew on 24 August 2017. In a press statement, Diop stated that the coalition had "neither a project nor solid political structures".
On 7 April 2018, he created a new political party called the Democratic Forces of Senegal party (FDS/Les Guélawar). In the 2019 Senegalese presidential election, Diop supported Idrissa Seck, the former mayor of Thiès. On November 29, 2019, he and other activists were arrested for participating in a demonstration in front of the Palace of the Republic [fr] against the rise in electricity prices. Diop stated that he wrote two poems in prison honouring Mamadou Dia, whom he regards as his spiritual and political guide. Prior to the 2022 Senegalese local elections, the FDS/Les Guélawar joined the Liberate the People coalition, which selected Diop as their candidate for mayor of Thiès. He won the election on January 23, 2022 and became the 8th mayor of the city.