# 2020 Tanzanian general election

General elections were held in Tanzania on 28 October 2020 to elect the President and members of National Assembly. The presidential election was won by incumbent John Magufuli of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party.

## Background

In April 2019, Livingstone Lusinde, an MP for the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party, suggested that holding a presidential election in 2020 was not a good idea due to the cost, and that the money should be used for development projects. The proposal was likely made in order to keep President John Magufuli in office till 2025, with Lusinde saying "no one can defeat president Magufuli" anyway.
Opposition parties Chadema, Alliance for Change and Transparency, and NCCR-Mageuzi announced they had started negotiations to form an alliance ahead of the election.
The election commission announced that the campaign would run from 26 August to 27 October 2020.

## Electoral system

The president is elected using the two-round system, with a candidate elected in the first round only if they obtain more than half of all the valid votes cast; if no candidate received over 50% of the vote, a second round is held. Article 39(1) of the 1977 Constitution requires candidates to be Tanzanian citizens by birth, at least 40 years old, be nominated by a political party of which they are a member, be qualified to be an MP or a member of the Zanzibar House of Representatives and not have any convictions related to tax evasion.

## Presidential candidates
### CCM

The ruling CCM (and its predecessor parties) has dominated the political scene since the nation attained independence in 1961. Following the restoration of multi-party politics in 1992, it has retained its popularity and the voters' confidence, winning all of the past five general elections (held in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015). The previous election was won by John Magufuli, who ran for re-election for his second term.

### Opposition
#### CHADEMA

The main opposition party Chama cha Democracia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA) held its general council conference in Dar es Salaam on 3 August 2020. A total of seven members completed their nomination forms for the position for the Union President.
* Tundu Lissu, MP for Singida East
* Lazaro Nyalandu, former Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade and MP for Singida North
* Mayrose Majige, human development specialist
* Isaya Mwita Charles, mayor of Dar es Salaam
* Leonard Manyama, political analyst
* Gasper Mwanalyela, advocate for the High Court of Tanzania
* Richmond Simba, advocate
A total of 453 of 456 party general council delegates attended the conference. The three names passed on by the central committee for the general council to vote on were, Tundu Lissu (405 votes), Lazaro Nyalandu (36 votes) and Mayrose Majige (1 vote), with Lissu chosen as CHADEMA's Union presidential candidate.

#### ACT-Wazalendo

Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo part held their central committee elections on 5 August 2020. The party's 420 central committee members nominated ex foreign minister Bernard Membe with 97.61% vote as the union presidential candidate. Membe was expelled from CCM earlier in the year and moved over to ACT to be able to run for president.

## Conduct

On 24 October 2020 the opposition claimed that the government was interfering in the election by making it more difficult to accredit thousands of opposition electoral observers, whose job is to ensure that the election is fair. The National Electoral Commission, whose members are appointed by the president, barred Lissu from campaigning after he said Magufuli had organised a meeting with election officials. From 27 October, the Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) blocked several popular social media websites to restrict communication amid violence in the islands of Zanzibar, where dozens have been shot dead and tens have been injured by the police and other security forces.
According to Al Jazeera, "The election was marred by allegations of arrests of candidates and protesters, restrictions on agents of political parties to access polling stations, multiple voting, pre-ticking of ballots, and widespread blocking of social media." A local elections watchdog group noted a heavy deployment of military and police whose conduct created a “climate of fear”.

## Results
### President

| Candidate | Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % |
| | John Magufuli | Samia Suluhu | Chama cha Mapinduzi | 12,516,252 | 84.40 |
| | Tundu Lissu | Salum Mwalimu Juma | Chadema | 1,933,271 | 13.04 |
| | Bernard Kamillius Membe | Omar Fakih Hamad | Alliance for Change and Transparency | 81,129 | 0.55 |
| | Leopord Lucas Mahona | Khamis Ali Hassan | National Reconstruction Alliance | 80,787 | 0.54 |
| | Ibrahim Lipumba | Hamida Huweishil Abdalla | Civic United Front | 72,885 | 0.49 |
| | John Paul Shibuda | Hassan Kornely Kijogoo | Tanzania Democratic Alliance | 33,086 | 0.22 |
| | Hashim Spunda Rungwe | Mohammed Massoud Rashid | Chama cha Ukombozi wa Umma | 32,878 | 0.22 |
| | Yeremia Kulwa Maganja | Khamis Haji Ambar | NCCR–Mageuzi | 19,969 | 0.13 |
| | Muttamwega Bhatt Mgaywa | Satia Mussa Bebwa | Sauti ya Umma | 14,922 | 0.10 |
| | Cecilia Augustino Mwanga | Tabu Mussa Juma | Attentive Democracy Party | 14,556 | 0.10 |
| | Philipo John Fumbo | Zaina Juma Khamis | Democratic Party | 8,283 | 0.06 |
| | Queen Cuthbert Sendiga | Khamis Juma Shoka | Alliance for Democratic Change | 7,627 | 0.05 |
| | Twalib Ibrahim Kadege | Ramadhan Ali Abdallah | United People's Democratic Party | 6,194 | 0.04 |
| | Seif Maalim Seif | Rashid Ligania Rai | Alliance for African Farmers Party | 4,635 | 0.03 |
| | Khalfan Mohammed Mazrui | Mashavu Alawi Haji | Union for Multiparty Democracy | 3,721 | 0.03 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 14,830,195 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 14,830,195 | 98.27 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 261,755 | 1.73 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 15,091,950 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 29,754,699 | 50.72 |
| Source: NEC ||||||

### National Assembly

Seats :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Constituency | Women | Total | +/– |
| | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | | | 256 | 94 | 350 | +90 |
| | Chadema | | | 1 | 19 | 20 | –53 |
| | Alliance for Change and Transparency | | | 5 | 0 | 5 | +4 |
| | Civic United Front | | | 2 | 0 | 2 | –40 |
| | NCCR–Mageuzi | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | –1 |
| Presidential appointees | Presidential appointees | | | – | – | 10 | 0 |
| Elected by Zanzibar House of Representatives | Elected by Zanzibar House of Representatives | | | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Attorney-General | Attorney-General | | | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | | | 264 | 113 | 393 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 29,754,699 | – | | | | |
| Source: NEC, IPU ||||||||

## International reactions

The Tanzania electoral watch panel, U.S. State Department, Commonwealth, and European Union were very critical about the elections.
On 10 November 2020, OHCHR published a declaration on the electoral process and its consequences. It was at once answered by Tanzania government.