# Talca

Talca (Spanish pronunciation:) is a city and commune in Chile located about 255 km (158 mi) south of Santiago, and is the capital of both Talca Province and Maule Region (7th Region of Chile). As of the 2012 census, the city had a population of 201,142.
The city is an important economic center, with agricultural (wheat) and manufacturing activities, as well as wine production. It is also the location of the Universidad de Talca and the Catholic University of Maule, among others. The Catholic Church of Talca has held a prominent role in the history of Chile.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Talca spans an area of 231.5 km$^2$ (89 sq mi) and had, in that year, 201,797 inhabitants. Of these, in 2002, 193,755 (96%) lived in urban areas and 8,042 (4%) in rural areas. The city had about 233,339 inhabitants (111,796 men and 121,543 women), according to the 2015 census. The population grew by 15.63% (31,542 persons) between the 2002 and 2015 censuses.

## History

The city was founded in 1692 by Tomás Marín de Poveda and refounded as Villa San Agustín de Talca in 1742 by José Antonio Manso de Velasco.
The city played a role in Chile's independence. For example, the siege of Talca took place there on March 4, 1814, and the Battle of Cancha Rayada on March 29 and the Second battle of Cancha Rayada, on March 16. 1818. Also, on February 12, 1818, Bernardo O'Higgins signed the Chilean declaration of independence.
Talca Province was founded in 1833. This ended the dependency of Colchagua Province. Also, Talca was a focus of insurrection during the revolutions of 1851 and 1859.
Talca was partially destroyed by the 1928 Talca earthquake and the 2010 Chile earthquake, being rebuilt both times. It sits near the epicenter of the 2010 8.8 magnitude earthquake and suffered severe shaking causing the collapse of much of the historic town centre.

## Administration

As a commune, Talca is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008–2012 alcalde is Juan Castro Prieto (Independent Democratic Union, centre-right).
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Talca is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Sergio Aguiló (PS) and Germán Verdugo (RN) as part of the 37th electoral district, which consists entirely of the Talca commune. The commune is represented in the Senate by Juan Antonio Coloma Correa (UDI) and Andrés Zaldívar Larraín (PDC) as part of the 10th senatorial constituency (Maule-North).

## Geography

The commune of Talca spans an area of 231.5 km$^2$ (89 sq mi). The city of Talca is located 250 km (155 mi) south of Santiago, south of the confluence of the rivers Lircay and Claro, in the Central Valley. The city is bisected by the Pan-American Highway.

### Climate

Talca has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb) with dry summers and wet winters, though it is hotter in summer and cooler in winter than coastal cities like Valparaíso and Concepción.
Climate data for Talca (1976–2005) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.5 (85.1) | 26.8 (80.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 13.4 (56.1) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 18.1 (64.6) | 21.6 (70.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 21.7 (71.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.3 (68.5) | 17.4 (63.3) | 13.4 (56.1) | 10.5 (50.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | 7.9 (46.2) | 9.1 (48.4) | 11.3 (52.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 17.1 (62.8) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.2 (57.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) | 11.9 (53.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 7.5 (45.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 5.1 (41.2) | 4.2 (39.6) | 4.5 (40.1) | 5.8 (42.4) | 7.6 (45.7) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.9 (53.4) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 4.0 (0.16) | 3.9 (0.15) | 13.3 (0.52) | 33.8 (1.33) | 115.8 (4.56) | 146.2 (5.76) | 155.1 (6.11) | 85.9 (3.38) | 53.1 (2.09) | 34.3 (1.35) | 19.4 (0.76) | 11.5 (0.45) | 676.2 (26.62) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 58.2 | 62.7 | 69.4 | 78.1 | 86.9 | 89.5 | 88.7 | 85.0 | 79.2 | 72.7 | 64.1 | 58.9 | 74.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 359.6 | 288.2 | 263.5 | 168.0 | 105.4 | 75.0 | 93.0 | 145.7 | 183.0 | 248.0 | 300.0 | 337.9 | 2,567.3 |
| Source: University de Talca ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

Talca has a public bus system managed by the municipal Department of Transportation. The routes are tracked through Moovit.

## Gallery

* A garden pavilion in Plaza de Armas (Armas Square)
* O'Higginian Historical Museum (Museo Histórico O'Higginiano)
* Calle Sur de Talca (Talca Southern Street)
* Aftermath in damage at Talca Cathedral, by 1928 Talca earthquake