OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Contagious disease

A contagious disease is an infectious disease that can be spread rapidly in several ways, including direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet contact.
These diseases are caused by organisms such as parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. While many types of organisms live on the human body and are usually harmless, these organisms can sometimes cause disease.
Some common infectious diseases are influenza, COVID-19, ebola, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Human papillomavirus infection, Polio, and Zika virus.
A disease is often known to be contagious before medical science discovers its causative agent. Koch's postulates, which were published at the end of the 19th century, were the standard for the next 100 years or more, especially with diseases caused by bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis attempts to account for diseases caused by a virus.

## Historical meaning

Originally, the term referred to a contagion or disease transmissible only by direct physical contact. In the modern-day, the term has sometimes been broadened to encompass any communicable or infectious disease. Often the word can only be understood in context, where it is used to emphasize very infectious, easily transmitted, or especially severe communicable diseases.
In 1849, John Snow first proposed that cholera was a contagious disease.

## Effect on public health response

Most epidemics are caused by contagious diseases, with occasional exceptions, such as yellow fever. The spread of non-contagious communicable diseases is changed either very little or not at all by medical isolation of ill persons or medical quarantine for exposed persons. Thus, a "contagious disease" is sometimes defined in practical terms, as a disease for which isolation or quarantine are useful public health responses.
Some locations are better suited for the research into the contagious pathogens due to the reduced risk of transmission afforded by a remote or isolated location.
The basic reproduction number of a disease is used to measure how easily the disease spreads through contact with infected individuals.
Negative room pressure is a technique in health care facilities based on aerobiological designs.
# Mercedes Arriaga Flórez

Mercedes Arriaga Flórez (Oviedo, July 29, 1960) is a Spanish philologist. Full professor in Italian philology at the University of Seville (2009), with a degree on Italian philology from the University of Salamanca (1984) and modern and contemporary Italian Writings by the University of Bari (1989). She achieved her first PhD at the University of Seville in 1993 and the second in language sciences and theory of signs from the University of Bari (Italy) in 1995. Nowadays, she holds a chair at the Asociación Universitaria de Estudios de las Mujeres (AUDEM) . From 2012, she is also a member of the board of the Sociedad Española de Italianistas (SEI).

## Academic career

Mercedes Arriaga Flórez is nowadays a lecturer in the Official Master on Gender Studies and Professional Development at the University of Seville and keeps on investigating as leading researcher of the university group "Escritoras y Escrituras" following the paths "Ausencias: Escritoras Italianas Inéditas (en la Querella de las Mujeres)" and "Escritoras y pensadoras europeas.".
# Battle of the Wierzbołów station

Battle of the Wierzbołów (Russian: Битва у Вержболово), was one of the largest battles of the first 16 days of the World War I, during which the parties were preparing to conduct full-scale operations.
10,000 German troops attacked 2,500 Russians on the station, the Germans wanted to destroy the train station to slow down the mobilization of the Russians, but they could not take it and had to retreat.
# Evil Senses

Evil Senses (Italian: Sensi) is a 1986 Italian erotic thriller film written and directed by Gabriele Lavia and starring Monica Guerritore, the same Lavia, and Mimsy Farmer.

## Plot

Professional hitman Manuel come into possession of a compromising list of names that he should not know, which leads him to become hunted down by his bosses to be killed. Manuel takes refuge in Rome to a brothel run by his old mistress Micòl. He meets Vittoria, a mysterious and fascinating sex worker who leven though she claims to be already married. The two begin a sexual relationship, while Vittoria is actually under the payroll of Manuel's bosses, among them is her fake husband who has planned on having her seduce him to obtain the names on the list. Manuel confesses that he has thrown away her list of names, but that he keeps them in her memory. Vittoria is then ordered to kill Manuel, but then aims the gun at Manuel, but does not shoot him and only pretends to have carried out her bosses orders. Her bosses arrive in the room that was supposed to be the scene of the crime and are shot dead. Manuel then also kills Vittoria, realizing he is unable to reconcile that relationship with his own life as a fugitive.

## Cast

* Monica Guerritore as Vittoria
* Gabriele Lavia as Manuel
* Mimsy Farmer as Nicol
* Lewis E. Ciannelli as Vittoria's companion
* Dario Mazzoli
* Gioia Scola
* Jean Rene Masrevery

## Production

Film historian and critic Roberto Curti stated that Evil Senses was part of a small cycle of Italian erotic films that leaned towards being thrillers after the success of the Tinto Brass film The Key (1983). Evil Senses was entirely shot in Rome and shot in English. The film continued the pairing of director Gabriele Lavia who also stars in the film and his wife Monica Guerritore from Scandalous Gilda.

## Release and reception

Evil Senses was released in 1986. In Germany, it was released on home video as Stripped to Die. In his book on Italian thrillers, Adrian Luther-Smith declared the film "an empty experience with few redeeming points" noting it being "painfully slow" and that "the sexual encounters are dull and even potentially perverse details, such as Victoria provocatively discarding her panties for her transfixed lover, are rendered unexciting due to the static presentation."
# Gonzaga — de Pai pra Filho

Gonzaga — de Pai pra Filho is a 2012 Brazilian drama film directed by Breno Silveira, written by Patricia Andrade, and starring Chambinho do Acordeon and Júlio Andrade. Inspired by the life of musicians Luiz Gonzaga and Gonzaguinha, father and son respectively, the feature was released in Brazil on October 26, 2012, and was broadcast by Rede Globo in a microseries format between January 17 and 20, 2013, in 4 chapters.

## Cast

* Chambinho do Acordeon as Luiz Gonzaga
** Land Vieira as Luiz Gonzaga (young)
** Adelio Lima as Luiz Gonzaga (old)
* Júlio Andrade as Gonzaguinha
** Giancarlo Di Tommaso as Gonzaguinha (young)
* Nanda Costa as Odaleia
* Magdale Alves as Helena
* Roberta Gualda as Helena (young)
* Anna Aguiar as Nazinha Deolindo
* Cecília Dassi as Nazinha Deolindo (young)
* Domingos Montagner as Coronel Raimundo Deolindo
* Sílvia Buarque as Dina Pinheiro
* Luciano Quirino as Xavier Pinheiro
* Claudio Jaborandy as Januário Gonzaga
* Cyria Coentro as Santana Gonzaga
* Zezé Motta as Priscila
* Olívia Araújo as Priscila (young)
* João Miguel as Miguelzinho
* Lulu Santos as Salário Mínimo
* Armando Bógus as Coronel Silveira
* Xandó Graça as Sargento Loyola
* Thalma de Freitas as Dancing singer
# The Hollow Crown (TV play)

The Hollow Crown is a 1956 British TV play based on a stage play.

## Plot

An exiled king tries to return to his country, now run by communists.

## Cast

* Linda Gray as Countess Illona
* Valerie Hanson as Queen Helga
* Peter Illing as Count Janek
* Ronald Lewis as King Mark
* Margaretta Scott as Queen Marya the Queen Mother
* Anatole Smirnoff as Valenski
* Leonard White as Captain Konanyi

## Reception

The Evening Standard called it "an excellent play".
"Mr Kershaw should write again for TV," said the Manchester Evening News.
The Daily Telegraph felt "Ronald Lewis saved the plot from bathos."
# Denis Peploe

Denis Frederic Neal Peploe (25 March 1914 – 22 May 1993) was a Scottish artist and sculptor known for his landscapes.

## Biography

Peploe was born in Edinburgh as the younger son of Margaret and Samuel John Peploe. His father was an artist and Denis worked with him. Peploe went to school at the Edinburgh Academy.
Despite his father's advice, he then studied at Edinburgh College of Art and resolved to become an artist. He went on to study with the painter and sculptor Andre Lhote in Paris.
During the war he served with the Royal Artillery and the Special Operations Executive where he was hurt in a motorcycle accident. He had to recover until 1946 although he did not paint during this time. In 1947 he had a one-man show in Edinburgh. His landscapes and other paintings were again shown in Glasgow in London. Possibly due to his mother being from Barra he was known for his work featuring the Hebrides and the Western Highlands.
He was elected ARSA in 1956 and became a full member ten years later. Peploe taught at the Edinburgh College of Art from 1955 to 1977 whilst selling his work and contributing to the annual exhibition of the RSA.
Peploe died in Edinburgh. He had one son and a daughter with his wife Elizabeth (born Barr).

## Legacy

Peploe has paintings in public collections including, Kirkcaldy Museum and Art Gallery, Royal Scottish Academy, Aberdeen Art Gallery, Heriot-Watt University and the City of Edinburgh Council.
# 2022 Russian Far East protests

vteRussian invasion of Ukraine :
Timeline
February – April 2022
April – August 2022
August – November 2022
November 2022 – June 2023
June – August 2023
September – November 2023
December 2023 – March 2024
April – July 2024
August – December 2024
January 2025 – present
Prelude
Casualties
Territorial control
map
List of engagements
War crimes
Attacks on civilians
Economic impact
Peace negotiations
Collaboration with Russia
Russian emigration
Nuclear risk
Humanitarian impacts
Russian annexation
Treatment of prisoners of war :
With the beginning of mobilization in Russia, anti-war and anti-mobilization protests broke out in the Russian Far East, mostly performed by women. Former Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj protested against usage of ethnic minorities such as the Buryats, Tuvans, and Kalmyks as cannon fodder, and invited them to Mongolia. The Tuvans belong to Turkic peoples but are also regarded in Mongolia as one of the Uriankhai peoples.

## Sakha

Women protested in Ordzhonikidze Square, in Yakutsk. Some elderly men were conscripted by mistake.

## Buryatia

Small groups protested in Ulan-Ude under handwritten signs “No war! No mobilization!” and “Our husbands, fathers and brothers don’t want to kill other husbands and fathers.” The Free Buryatia Foundation collects appeals for help from families of mobilised men. Alexandra Garmazhapova, president of the foundation, some local people try to go to Mongolia.
Two fires were set in Salavat.

## Zabaykalsky Krai

Marina Salomatova, a member of the “Transbaikal Civil Solidarity”, has been arrested in Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai.

## Tuva

Women protested against mobilization in Kyzyl, 20 of them were arrested.
# Irvine Finlay Corbett

Irvine Finlay Corbett (February 12, 1915 – October 7, 1986) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1952 to 1963, as a Social Credit member for the constituency of Yale. He was defeated in the 1963, 1966 and 1969 provincial elections. He and his wife died in 1986 in a plane crash near Yale, British Columbia.
# The Believer (2021 film)

The Believer is a 2021 American horror film written and directed by Shan Serafin. It stars Aidan Bristow, Sophie Kargman, Susan Wilder, Lindsay Ginter, Robbie Goldstein and Billy Zane. It runs for 91 minutes. The film is about a woman driven murderously insane by a mad doctor's strange alternative therapy.

## Plot

An out-of-work nuclear scientist, struggles with tension in his marriage after his wife mysteriously terminates her pregnancy without his consent. As his physical health begins to inexplicably deteriorate, his wife's behavior grows increasingly bizarre and he seeks clarity from his therapist. Exhausted by his job search, strange events begin to occur in the home and his medical condition progressively declines. Dr. Benedict recommends they try an alternative therapy, but it only makes matters worse. Lucas questions Benedict's effectiveness as his grip on reality begins to fade. Violet arouses his ever-deepening suspicions, and after a visit from two mysterious guests, her insidious behavior becomes disturbingly pervasive. Lucas' anger and frustration turns to fear as Violet's sinister intentions are revealed. Lucas tries in vain to escape the evil web she has spun, but by the time he discovers the truth, it might be too late.

## Cast

* Aidan Bristow as Lucas
* Sophie Kargman as Violet
* Susan Wilder as Charlotte
* Lindsey Ginter as Gus
* Robbie Goldstein
* Billy Zane as Dr. Benedict

## Release

Freestyle Releasing releases The Believer On-Demand on April 2, 2021.

## Reception

Alex Saveliev of Film Threat gave it a five out of ten and he wrote:
   While admirable in its ambition, the end result just doesn't quite gel. Cool poster, though.
# IIFA Award for Best Director

The IIFA Award for Best Director is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony. The nominations for the category are given by the film fraternity. Sanjay Leela Bhansali has 4 and Rajkumar Hirani has 3 awards. Rakesh Roshan and Ashutosh Gowariker have the most wins with 2 awards.

## Multiple wins

| Wins | Recipient |
| 4 | Sanjay Leela Bhansali |
| 3 | Rajkumar Hirani |
| 2 | Rakesh Roshan, Ashutosh Gowariker |

## Awards

The winners are listed below:-
| Year | Director | Film |
| 2000 | Sanjay Leela Bhansali | Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam |
| 2001 | Rakesh Roshan | Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai |
| 2002 | Ashutosh Gowarikar | Lagaan |
| 2003 | Sanjay Leela Bhansali | Devdas |
| 2004 | Rakesh Roshan | Koi... Mil Gaya |
| 2005 | Yash Chopra | Veer-Zaara |
| 2006 | Sanjay Leela Bhansali | Black |
| 2007 | Rajkumar Hirani | Lage Raho Munna Bhai |
| 2008 | Shimit Amin | Chak De India |
| 2009 | Ashutosh Gowarikar | Jodhaa Akbar |
| 2010 | Rajkumar Hirani | 3 Idiots |
| 2011 | Karan Johar | My Name Is Khan |
| 2012 | Zoya Akhtar | Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara |
| 2013 | Anurag Basu | Barfi! |
| 2014 | Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra | Bhaag Milkha Bhaag |
| 2015 | Rajkumar Hirani | PK |
| 2016 | Sanjay Leela Bhansali | Bajirao Mastani |
| 2017 | Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury | Pink |
| 2018 | Saket Chaudhary | Hindi Medium |
| 2019 | Sriram Raghavan | Andhadhun |
| 2020 | Aditya Dhar | Uri: The Surgical Strike |
| 2021 | AWARDS NOT HELD DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC | AWARDS NOT HELD DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC |
| 2022 | Vishnuvardhan | Shershaah |
| 2023 | R. Madhavan | Rocketry: The Nambi Effect |
| 2024 | Vidhu Vinod Chopra | 12th Fail |
| 2025 | Kiran Rao | Laapataa Ladies |
# Palayathu Amman

Palayathu Amman is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language devotional film directed by Rama Narayanan. Meena plays the lead role as goddess Amman, while Ramki, Divya Unni, Charan Raj, and Vivek play supporting roles.

## Plot

The film starts with a saint in a gurukula announcing to his students that Devi's birth to kill the evil shall come soon. The Satan kills the saint, but Devi's birth is not stopped. It grows up as a child for Shekar and Savithri. The child gets all kinds of harms from the Satan, but the Goddess Palayathu Amman saves it every time. At the same time, Savithri thinks Palayathu Amman wants to take away her child, so she tries to save it from her. At last, the child is kidnapped and about to be killed when Palayathu Amman kills the Satan and returns the child to her parents.

## Cast

* Ramki as Shekar
* Meena as Palayathu Amman
* Divya Unni as Savithri
* Charan Raj as Asureswaran
* Vivek as Kalyanaraman
* Omakuchi Narasimhan
* Senthil
* Mayilsamy
* Akshya Jayram as school-going Sathya

## Production

The film completed its shoot with the working title of Devatha, before the director chose to title the film Palayathu Amman.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by S. A. Rajkumar.
| Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| Aadi Vanthen | K. S. Chithra | Kalidasan |
| Veppilai Veppilai | Sujatha Mohan | Kalidasan |
| Palayathamma Nee | K. S. Chithra | Kalidasan |
| Paal Nila | Swarnalatha, Anuradha Sriram | Vaali |
| Anthapura Nandhavanam | Mano, Swarnalatha | Rama Narayanan |

## Reception

Malini Mannath of Chennai Online wrote, "As the title suggests it is once again a good-versus-evil and a Goddess-testing-devotee kind of a film. There is nothing new by way of subject or treatment" but appreciated the CG towards the climax.

## Legacy

The comedy subplot, including a scene where Vivek parodies the climax of Parasakthi (1952) gained immense popularity.
# Oval Raceway

50°50′13″N 0°28′16″W﻿ / ﻿50.837°N 0.471°W﻿ / 50.837; -0.471
The Oval Raceway, also known as the Angmering Motor Sports Centre or Angmering Raceway was a motor racing circuit on the outskirts of Angmering, near Worthing, West Sussex, UK, that closed on Sunday 27 November 2022 to make way for a new housing development.
The 25-acre (100,000 m$^2$) site was started by local man Jim Hazelgrove and was focused on a 0.25 miles (0.40 km) concrete banked oval track, inside which was a smaller circuit for go-karts, mini motos and pit bikes. The main track primarily hosted stock car, hot rod and banger racing, as well as special events such as demolition derbies, caravan racing and car jumps.

## Types of racing

The primary type of racing at the track was the racing of stock cars on the banked concrete oval, with a number of subdivisions including hot rods, saloon stock cars and bangers.
There were also races for specialist classes such as classic stock cars.
# Neodecanoic acid

Neodecanoic acid is a mixture of carboxylic acids with the common structural formula C$_{10}$H$_{20}$O$_2$, a molecular weight of 172.26 g/mol, with a boling point of 243-253 °C (482 to 494 °F), a melting point of -39 °C (<104 °F) and the CAS number 26896-20-8. Components of the mixture are acids with the common property of a "trialkyl acetic acid" having three alkyl groups at carbon two, including:
* 2,2,3,5-Tetramethylhexanoic acid
* 2,4-Dimethyl-2-isopropylpentanoic acid
* 2,5-Dimethyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid
* 2,2-Dimethyloctanoic acid
* 2,2-Diethylhexanoic acid
# Vodka tonic

A vodka tonic is a long drink made with varying proportions of vodka and tonic water. Vodka tonics are frequently garnished with a slice of lime or lemon.
One commonly used recipe is one part vodka and one part tonic water in a tumbler, often a highball glass over ice, with a generous lime wedge squeezed into it.
The drink is referenced in the lyrics of the song "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road" by Elton John.
The drink is referenced in the book From Russia with Love by Ian Fleming. In chapter 17, second paragraph Bond sips a vodka and tonic whilst watching the sunset over the Golden Horn in Istanbul.
# Pelvic fascia

The pelvic fasciae are the fascia of the pelvis and can be divided into:
* (a) the fascial sheaths of
** the obturator internus muscles (fascia of the obturator internus)
** the piriformis muscles (fascia of the piriformis)
** the pelvic floor
* (b) fascia associated with the organs of the pelvis.

## Structure
### Fascia of pelvic organs

Pelvic fascia extends to cover the organs within the pelvis.
It is attached to the fascia that runs along the pelvic floor along the tendinous arch. The fascia which covers pelvic organs can be divided according to the organs that are covered:
* The front is known as the "vesical layer". It forms the anterior and lateral ligaments of the bladder.
* In males, its middle lamina crosses the floor of the pelvis between the rectum and vesiculæ seminales as the rectovesical septum; in the female this is perforated by the cervix and is named the transverse cervical ligament.
* At the back, the fascia passes to the side of the rectum; it forms a loose sheath for the rectum, but is firmly attached around the anal canal. This portion is known as the "rectal layer".

### Fascia of the pelvic floor
#### Superior

The part of the pelvic fascia on the pelvic floor covers both surfaces of the levator ani muscles.
The layer covering the upper surface of the pelvic diaphragm follows, above, the line of origin of the levator ani and is therefore somewhat variable. In front it is attached to the back of the pubic symphysis about 2 cm above its lower border.
It can then be traced laterally across the back of the superior ramus of the pubis for a distance of about 1.25 cm, when it reaches the obturator fascia.
It is attached to this fascia along a line which pursues a somewhat irregular course to the spine of the ischium.
The irregularity of this line is because the origin of the levator ani, which in lower forms is from the pelvic brim, is in man lower down, on the obturator fascia.
Tendinous fibers of origin of the muscle are therefore often found extending up toward, and in some cases reaching, the pelvic brim, and on these the fascia is carried.

#### Inferior

The diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia covers both surfaces of the levator ani muscles. The inferior layer is known as the anal fascia. It is attached above to the obturator fascia along the line of origin of the levator ani, while below it is continuous with the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, and with the fascia on the sphincter ani internus.

## Additional images

* The relations of the femoral and abdominal inguinal rings, seen from within the abdomen. Right side.