# Adam Habib

Adam Mahomed Habib (born 1965) is a South African academic administrator serving as Director of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London since 1 January 2021. He served as Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in Johannesburg, South Africa, between 1 June 2013, when the term of his predecessor Loyiso Nongxa ended, and 1 January 2021. He is also a former deputy vice-chancellor of the University of Johannesburg. He is highly controversial for his actions regarding student demonstrators at the University of the Witwatersrand in his capacity as Vice-Chancellor, and has continued to generate significant controversy in his role as Director of SOAS, University of London.

## Career

Studying at a mix of South African and American universities, Habib graduated as a political scientist having received his Bachelor and Master of Arts degrees from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the University of Witwatersrand, and his MPhil and PhD from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.
He has held academic appointments at the Universities of Durban-Westville and KwaZulu-Natal and the Human Sciences Research Council. Prior to being appointed Deputy Vice-Chancellor Research, Innovation and Advancement at the University of Johannesburg, he served as the Executive Director of the Democracy and Governance Programme of the Human Science Research Council. Before that, he was the founding director of the Centre for Civil Society and a research professor in the School of Development Studies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Habib has served as co-editor of both the social science academic journal Transformation and the official disciplinary journal of the South African Association of Political Science, Politkon. He also sits on the editorial boards of Voluntas and the South African Labour Bulletin. He has served as an external examiner and examined Master's and Doctoral dissertations for a number of South African Universities including Durban-Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, Witwatersrand, Cape Town, and Rhodes. He has also served on a number of boards and councils including those of the University of Durban-Westville, the Durban University of Technology, the International Society for Third-Sector Research, Sangonet, the Centre for Public Participation, and the Centre for Policy Studies.
Habib has published numerous edited books, book chapters and journal articles in the thematic areas of democratisation and its consolidation in South Africa, contemporary social movements, philanthropy, giving and its impact on poverty alleviation and development, institutional reform, changing identities and their evolution in the post-apartheid era, and South Africa's role in Africa and beyond. He is a well-known public figure in South Africa whose opinions are often sought by both the print and broadcast media.
In December 2012, the University of the Witwatersrand offered Habib the position of the institution's next vice-chancellor after a competitive application process. In February 2020, it was announced that Habib would succeed Valerie Amos as director of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (SOAS) as of 1 January 2021.
During his tenure as Vice-Chancellor at Wits, the university fell in the QS World University Rankings every year, from a high of 313 in 2014 to 403 in 2021; it subsequently shot up to 264 in 2024. Since his appointment as Director of SOAS, that university has similarly fallen in the same rankings from 346 in 2021, dropping out of the global top 500 universities for the first time in the history of the rankings in 2024.

## Controversies
### Barred entry to the United States

In October 2006, while on a trip with colleagues from the Human Sciences Research Council, Habib was deported when he flew into John F. Kennedy Airport in the US. Habib had studied in New York, and he had made numerous trips to New York previously. His wife and young children were also banned from the US.
According to a November 2007 The New York Times article, the US informed Habib he had been barred entry over allegations of "engaging in terrorist activities", and The Christian Science Monitor reported that he had been barred due to having "links to terrorism".
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) tried to aid Habib in learning the reasons why he was barred. Upon the release of the justification, the ACLU shifted its effort to get the evidence supporting the allegation, if any, released.
On 20 January 2010, the American State Department decided, in a document signed by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, to lift the ban that prohibited Habib (as well as Tariq Ramadan from Switzerland) from entering the United States.

### #FeesMustFall protests and Habib's response

In 2016, as students across South Africa were protesting increases in student fees, Habib called police onto the University of the Witwatersrand campus, who fired rubber bullets, stun and smoke grenades on students. Police were not previously allowed to enter the campus under South African legal precedent, and this was used by Habib to justify the presence of private bodies armed with batons and riot shields on campus , who have been criticised by the apartheid-era political prisoner Sipho Singiswa as "militia members mostly in the employment and control of former apartheid security force officers who include members of apartheid 'Death Squad' commandos". A petition of five hundred signatures accuses these private armed bodies of sexual violence against students, naming Adam Habib as responsible. Adam Habib invited them onto campus in violation of United Nations guidelines on the use of private security forces. Nevertheless, an Amnesty International report details the (separate) police force Adam Habib was responsible for bringing onto campus as shooting a prominent student organiser thirteen times in the back with rubber-coated steel bullets at close range, entering private dormitory rooms to beat students and shoot them in the thigh, and shooting an elderly priest in the mouth from a distance of a few feet. Additionally, the prominent student organiser Arthur Muhelmwa states that he was driven off by police into the deep veldt, tortured, and left for dead, and although it was after his tenure, police Habib established the precedent of entering campus shot alumni Mthokozisi Ntumba in the head, murdering him. In the documentary Everything Must Fall, Adam Habib portrays himself as responsible for inviting more than a thousand riot police onto campus before any student demonstrations had actually occurred. While he was accused of "militarising" the university, Habib later commented that he had "no regrets" and has described protesting students as "the Pol Pot" brigade in reference to the perpetrator of the Cambodian genocide.
A student was dragged out of a Q&A at Habib's later university, SOAS, for asking the prominent historian Jung Chang "why she was sharing a stage with a man who had led one of the most violent suppressions of a protest movement in recent history". SOAS responded that students had a duty to "display appropriate conduct".

### Use of racial slur

In March 2021, Habib stepped aside from his position as Director of SOAS, as an investigation was launched into his use of a racial slur during an online meeting with a group of students. He used the word himself when he was responding to student concerns about faculty at SOAS using the word. After being challenged by the students he falsely claimed that "I come from a part of the world where we do use the word". He subsequently apologised for his use of the term in the meeting. An investigation by SOAS found that his use of the word did not necessarily constitute racism and noted that Habib had apologised and admitted he should not have uttered the term in full. The university apologised for his actions and he was subsequently allowed to resume his duties.

### Failure to act against sexual harassment

In 2023 it was revealed that Tawana Kupe, vice chancellor of the University of Pretoria, had been found guilty of sexual harassment at the University of the Witwatersrand but information about his conduct was not provided to the University of Pretoria before his appointment. Habib was vice chancellor at the University of the Witwatersrand at the time and was subsequently accused of 'turning a blind eye' to Kupe's harassment but denied this. Habib was also accused by the former head of the University of the Witwatersrand's Gender Equity Office of creating "bullying, misogyny and...toxic culture" .

## Works

* Habib, Adam (2013). South Africa's suspended revolution - Hopes and prospects. Wits University Press. ISBN 978-1-86814-608-6.
* Habib, Adam (2019). Rebels and Rage: Reflecting on #FeesMustFall. Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 9781868428960.
Academic offices :
| Preceded byValerie Amos | Vice-Chancellor of SOAS University of London 2021– | Succeeded byIncumbent |
| Preceded byLoyiso Nongxa | Vice-Chancellor of the University of the Witwatersrand 2013–2020 | Succeeded byZeblon Vilakazi |