OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista

Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista (Tibetan: འཇིག་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དཔལ་འབར།; Nepali: जिग्मे दोर्जे पलवर विष्ट; 1930 – 16 December 2016) was the official King of Mustang (Tibetan: Lo Gyalpo, Nepalese: Mustang Rājā) between 1964 and 2008, until Monarchy, Semi-Monarchy, Vassals and Titular Kingship were abolished in Nepal. He was descendant in 25th generation of King A-ma-dpal bist (1440–1447), who was founder of the Kingdom of Lo. King Amadpal Bista is from the direct lineage of the greatest king of Tibet, Songtsen Gampo.

## Biography

Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista was born in Lo-Manthang Palace in Upper Mustang in the Himalayan Range of Nepal. He was the third son of Colonel H.H. Sri Sri Sri Raja Angun Tenzing Trandul, King of Mustang, by his wife, Kelsang Choeden. He was educated privately at Shigatse, Tibet. He was appointed as the Heir Apparent recognised by the Nepal Government in 1959 A.D. He succeeded as the Head of the Royal House of Lo and to the title of Lo Gyalpo and King of Mustang upon the death of his father H.H. Sri Sri Sri Raja Angun Tenzing Trandul in 1964 A.D and elder brother "H.H. Raja" Angun Palbar in 1968 A.D. Bista is the title given by King of Nepal which means Distinguished Baron in the Nepali language and not the Nepali family name Bista. He was a member of the Raj Sabha between (1964–1990) and a Lieutenant Colonel of Nepalese Army (1964).
He married a noble lady from Shigatse, Tibet, H.H. Rani Sahiba Sidol Palbar Bista in the 1950s. He had one son, Angun Tenzin, who died at the age of 8, and he later adopted his nephew, Jigme Singhe Palbar Bista (b. 1957) as the heir apparent.

## Honours

* King Birendra Coronation Medal (24 February 1975).
* King Gyanendra Coronation Medal (4 June 2001).

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista :
# Lusitania (alga)

Lusitania is a genus of green algae, in the family Coccomyxaceae. Its sole species is Lusitania henriquesii.
# Mary Cameron (entomologist)

Mary M. Cameron FRES is a medical entomologist in the United Kingdom. In 2019 she was the Professor of Medical Entomology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

## Education and career

Cameron obtained a BSc in Zoology in 1983 from Bedford College (now Royal Holloway, University of London) and then a PhD in Entomology in 1987 from the University of London.
She was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oxford and then a research fellow at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, before moving to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1995 as a lecturer, where she is now Professor of Medical Entomology.

## Research

Cameron carries out field and laboratory research focusing on the surveillance and control of a wide range of vector-borne diseases, particularly leishmaniasis. She works internationally and she is a member of the World Health Organisation's Regional Technical Advisory Group focussing on Kala-azar disease elimination in South-East Asia.
She is editor of the Royal Entomological Society's journal Medical and Veterinary Entomology. In 2013 she co-edited a book Biological and Environmental Control of Disease Vectors published by the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International.
Cameron is cofounder and director of Vecotech, a spin-off company of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
# John Joseph Paul

John Joseph Paul (August 17, 1918 – March 5, 2006) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as an auxiliary bishop and bishop of the Diocese of La Crosse in Wisconsin from 1977 to 1994

## Biography
### Early years

John Paul was born on August 17, 1918, in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He graduated from Aquinas High School in La Crosse in 1935 and from Loras College in Dubuque, Iowa in 1939.

### Ordination and ministry

Paul was ordained to the priesthood on January 24, 1943, by Auxiliary Bishop William Griffin at St. Rose of Viterbo Convent in La Crosse, the motherhouse of the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration. While stationed in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, Paul help established Regis High School.
In 1955, Paul became rector of Holy Cross Seminary in La Crosse. On October 7, 1956, Pope Pius XII made Paul a monsignor. In 1956, Paul received a master's degree in education from Marquette University. In 1966, Paul became rector of the Cathedral of St. Joseph the Workman in La Crosse.

### Auxiliary Bishop and Bishop of La Crosse

Paul was appointed auxiliary bishop for the Diocese of La Crosse on May 17, 1977, by Pope Paul VI. Paul was consecrated on August 4, 1977.
On October 14, 1983, Paul was appointed bishop of the Diocese of La Crosse by Pope John Paul II, succeeding Bishop Frederick Freking. On December 5, 1983, he was installed as bishop. In 1986, Paul convened the fourth diocesan synod following the revised Canon Law of 1983; in 1987, the decrees of the fourth diocesan synod were published as: The Bishop With His People. In 1992, Paul founded the Aquinas Middle School in La Crosse.
On December 10, 1994, Paul submitted his resignation as bishop of La Crosse to John Paul II; he was succeeded by Bishop Raymond Burke. John Paul died at Franciscan Skemp Medical Center in La Crosse on Marcy 5, 2006, at age 87.
# Baileys Chute

Baileys Chute, often misspelled Bailey's Chute, is one in a series of small waterfalls along the Clearwater River in Wells Gray Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada. With an average high flow rate of 122 m$^3$/s (4,300 cu ft/s), it is one of the largest waterfalls in British Columbia.

## Name origin

Baileys Chute commemorates Jim Bailey, the engineer whose design for a Queen’s Truss bridge across the Murtle River was implemented at The Mushbowl in 1949. While crossing the Clearwater River below the Chute on September 12, 1952, Bailey’s boat capsized in the swift water and he drowned.

## Geology

The rock at Baileys Chute is schist and closely related to the ancient Kootenay Terrane found at The Mushbowl, along the base of Green Mountain, and at Trout Creek Canyon (all in Wells Gray Park). The potholes below the platform were carved by pebbles spinning in the water, similar to The Mushbowl potholes. The falls take the form of a gradual sliding cascade. The force of the water impacting the river produces a 1.5 metre tall standing wave that propagates downstream from the falls. This indicates the presence of a significant undercut in the riverbed with an estimated depth of 30 m (98 ft).

## Salmon

Baileys Chute is a good place to view the Chinook as they try to leap the falls from mid-August through September. They are the largest of the Pacific salmon, weighing from 8 kg to 22 kg. Most spawn at The Horseshoe further downstream after a life cycle of four to six years.

## Access

The trail to Baileys Chute starts at km 57.1 of Clearwater Valley Road (often called the Wells Gray Park road). It is a walk of 10 minutes to the viewing platform beside the Chute. The trail continues to Marcus Falls and Myanth Falls, both also on the Clearwater River.
# Medical Institute Jorhat

Medical Institute, Jorhat (MIJ), is a medical institute located in Jorhat, Assam India.
The institute trains Rural Health Practitioners (RHPs), who serve as medical professionals in the rural areas at sub-centers and at the PHC level. RHPs are trained practitioners of the allopathic system of medicine.
The course offered by the institute is the Diploma in Medicine and Rural Health Care (DMRHC). The DMRHC is a 3+1⁄2-year medical course, now known as B.Sc. Community Health and Graduates of this course are designated as Community Health Officers (CHOs) and the CHOs are now practicing at sub-centers and PHCs in the various districts of Assam under National Health Mission (NHM) on a contractual basis. This course has now been replaced by a new course known as B.Sc. Family and Community Health and has been withdrawn from the institute.

## History

Prior to opening of MIJ, only three medical colleges existed: Assam Medical College (established on 3 November 1947), Gauhati Medical College (established on 20 September 1960), and Silchar Medical College (established on 15 August 1968). The government realized there was a shortage of doctors and it needed to be addressed. In 2005, Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi and Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, the Minister of Health and Family Welfare, decided to build three new medical colleges in Jorhat, Tezpur, and Barpeta.
Construction in Jorhat began on 1 June 2008. On 25 August 2008, the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, laid the foundation stone of the institute. On 12 October 2009, Tarun Gogoi inaugurated the hospital wing.
# Jamaica Money Market Brokers

Jamaica Money Market Brokers (JMMB) is a Jamaican based Caribbean investment firm, operating in Trinidad and Tobago, the Dominican Republic as well as Barbados.
It is considered responsible for the development of the secondary money market for debt in Jamaica.
Founded in November 1992 by Joan Duncan, JMMB is headquartered in Kingston, Jamaica, with regional offices in Trinidad, the Dominican Republic, as well as Barbados.
# Manoug Exerjian

Manoug Exerjian (August 20, 1892 or 1888 – November 5, 1974) was an Armenian-American architect, who came to Great Neck, New York, in 1923.

## Biography

A native of Constantinople, he graduated from the Royal School of Architecture in Istanbul in 1914. He designed the North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, New York.
He came to prominence after winning first prize, $750, in a competition for best design of a Broadway (Manhattan) block front. Specifically, the contest featured hypothetical drawings of the east side of Times Square, between 44th Street and 45th Street. Exerjian resided at 147 East 33rd Street (Manhattan) when his plan was victorious in December 1933.

## Career as designer

Exerjian owned and designed four houses located at Cannon Place, near 288th Street, the Bronx, in 1927. He owned several plots of land on lower Lexington Avenue (Manhattan), which were purchased from him in February 1929.
In March 1934 Exerjian advised that $25,000,000 in allocated United States Federal Government funds, be used to make alterations in existing dwellings in the Lower East Side. He stressed that the same sum of money, when used to build several blocks of new housing, would perpetuate the existence of slums much longer. This would occur because private capital would not be capable of competing profitably with tax exempt housing.
Exergian designed a group of three apartment houses on Queens Boulevard between 66th Avenue and 67th Drive, in Forest Hills, New York. Designed in the six story garden style, in 1937, the three apartment units covered a block measuring 600 feet. 212 apartments and 14 stores were planned for the area.
As president of Houses For Modern Living, Inc., Exerjian built and sold 24 lots, three blocks from the Eighth Avenue subway, in November 1940. The development was on the south side of Austin Street, east of Yellowstone Boulevard, in Forest Hills. Prior to this, he built and sold several private homes in the area.

## Death

Exerjian died in November 1974, at the age of 86, at Manhasset Hospital. At the time, he resided at 18 Bonnie Heights Road, in the Manhasset section of Flower Hill – a home which he designed.

## Works

* 1927: Four houses located at Cannon Place, near 288th Street, the Bronx
* 1934: Crypt of Holy Cross Armenian Apostolic Church (New York City)
* 1937: Three six-story apartment houses on Queens Boulevard between 66th Avenue and 67th Drive, in Forest Hills, New York
* 1952-1953: Renovation and refacing of Holy Cross Armenian Apostolic Church (New York City)
Exerjian also designed North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, New York.
# Hawas (2004 film)

Hawas ("Lust") is an Indian Hindi erotic thriller film released in 2004. It is an adaptation of the 2002 American film Unfaithful. Hawas is directed by Karan Razdan and stars Meghna Naidu, Shawar Ali and Tarun Arora.

## Cast

* Shawar Ali as Raj Mittal
* Tarun Arora as Karan Rastogi
* Meghna Naidu as Sapna Raj Mittal Chinaal
* Mukesh Tiwari as Dubai Police inspector Rashid
* Vivek Shauq as assan, Assistant of Inspector Rashid
* Madina as Arabian actress in guest role in item song "Amma Mia"
* Noora as Arabian actress in guest role in item song "Amma Mia"

## Music

* "Teri Chahat Me" (Male) - Babul Supriyo
* "Tera Libaas" (II) - Sonu Nigam, Shreya Ghoshal
* "Teri Chahat Me" (Female) - Sunidhi Chauhan
* "Alla Miya" -[Sunidhi Chauhan, Daboo Malik
* "Churaya Hai Teri Nazar" - Shreya Ghoshal, Babul Supriyo
* "Tera Libaas Ban Jaau" - Shreya Ghoshal, Babul Supriyo

## Critical reception

Taran Adarsh of IndiaFM gave the film 5 stars out of 5, writing, "On the whole, HAWAS is a notch above the ordinary. And with sex, sleaze and skin-show as its trump cards, besides a mass appealing title, it has chances of scoring well at the ticket window, mainly at the small centers." Rama Sharma of The Tribune (Chandigarh) wrote, " 'Hawas' is another film riding on the wave of sexual permissiveness. It is another matter that these themes are not handled with sensitivity. In the absence of good scripts, most of these like 'Hawas' end up mocking at the man-woman relationship."
# Diisopropyl ether

Diisopropyl ether is a secondary ether that is used as a solvent. It is a colorless liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. It is used as an extractant and an oxygenate gasoline additive. It is obtained industrially as a byproduct in the production of isopropanol by hydration of propylene. Diisopropyl ether is sometimes represented by the abbreviation DIPE.

## Uses

Whereas at 20 °C, diethyl ether will dissolve 1% by weight water, diisopropyl ether dissolves 0.88%. Diisopropyl ether is used as a specialized solvent to remove or extract polar organic compounds from aqueous solutions, e.g. phenols, ethanol, acetic acid. It has also been used as an antiknock agent.
In the laboratory, diisopropyl ether is useful for recrystallizations because it has a wide liquid range. Diisopropyl ether is used for converting bromoboranes, which are thermally labile, into isopropoxy derivatives.

## Safety

Diisopropyl ether forms explosive peroxides upon standing in air. This reaction proceeds more easily than for ethyl ether due to the increased lability of the C-H bond adjacent to oxygen. Many explosions have been known to occur during handling or processing of old diisopropyl ether. Some laboratory procedures recommend use of freshly opened bottles. Antioxidants can be used to prevent this process. The stored solvent is generally tested for the presence of peroxides. It is recommended once every 3 months for diisopropyl ether compared to once every 12 months for ethyl ether. Peroxides may be removed by shaking the ether with an aqueous solution of iron(II) sulfate or sodium metabisulfite. For safety reasons, methyl tert-butyl ether is often used as an alternative solvent.
# Michail Markov

Michail Gerasimovich Markov (Russian: Михаил Герасимович Марков; 1938 – 5 May 2012) was a Russian cyclist who won a silver medal at the UCI Motor-paced World Championships in 1967. This was the only medal for the Soviet Unions in the entire history of those championships.
After winning a national title in 1959 in the 100 km team pursuit, he changed to motor-paced racing. In this event he won a medal at every national championship between 1961 and 1976, including 11 consecutive gold medals between 1966 and 1976. In 1977 he retired from competitions and for several decades worked as a cycling coach at CSKA Moscow.
# Phenylacetic acid

Phenylacetic acid (conjugate base phenylacetate), also known by various synonyms, is an organic compound containing a phenyl functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. It is a white solid with a strong honey-like odor. Endogenously, it is a catabolite of phenylalanine. As a commercial chemical, because it can be used in the illicit production of phenylacetone (used in the manufacture of substituted amphetamines), it is subject to controls in countries including the United States and China.

## Occurrence

Phenylacetic acid has been found to be an active auxin (a type of plant hormone), found predominantly in fruits. However, its effect is much weaker than the effect of the basic auxin molecule indole-3-acetic acid. In addition the molecule is naturally produced by the metapleural gland of most ant species and used as an antimicrobial. It is also the oxidation product of phenethylamine in humans following metabolism by monoamine oxidase and subsequent metabolism of the intermediate product, phenylacetaldehyde, by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme; these enzymes are also found in many other organisms.

## Preparation

This compound may be prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl cyanide:

## Reactions

Phenylacetic acid undergoes ketonic decarboxylation to form ketones. It can be condensed with itself to form dibenzyl ketone, or with a large excess of another carboxylic acid (in the form of an acid anhydride), such as with acetic anhydride to form phenylacetone.

## Applications

Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, as it possesses a honey-like odor even in low concentrations. It is also used in penicillin G production and diclofenac production. It is also employed to treat type II hyperammonemia to help reduce the amounts of ammonia in a patient's bloodstream by forming phenylacetyl-CoA, which then reacts with nitrogen-rich glutamine to form phenylacetylglutamine. This compound is then excreted from the patient's body. It's also used in the illicit production of phenylacetone, which is used in the manufacture of methamphetamine.
The sodium salt of phenylacetic acid, sodium phenylacetate, is used as a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of urea cycle disorders, including as the combination drug sodium phenylacetate/sodium benzoate (Ammonul).
Phenylacetic acid is used in the preparation of and derived from several pharmaceutical drugs, including camylofin, bendazol, triafungin, phenacemide, lorcainide, phenindione, phenelzine and cyclopentolate.

## In popular culture

In the crime drama Breaking Bad, phenylacetic acid is featured twice as a precursor to methamphetamine, first in the episode titled "A No-Rough-Stuff-Type Deal", then in "Salud".
# Odeon of Philippopolis

The Odeon of Philippopolis (Bulgarian: Одеон на Филипополис) was the house of the city council of citizens (known as bouleuterion) of ancient Plovdiv.
It was also used as a theatre due to its appropriate structure. The Odeon buildings had four construction periods: from the 2nd century AD (during the reign of Hadrian) when it was initially built to the 4th century AD when it was abandoned. The existence of such a building in ancient Plovdiv is a sign of the importance of Philippopolis as a cultural and political center.
Evidence of the 250/1 destruction by the Goths has been discovered around the Odeon.

## Location

The Odeon of Philippopolis was discovered near General Gurko Street in the northeastern corner of the Roman forum in Plovdiv. The natural connection between the odeon and the forum was destroyed during the construction of Maria Luiza Blvd. and the tunnel under the main pedestrian street of Plovdiv.

## The Odeon

The Odeon was a rectangular building which comprised typical elements for roofed theatres like skene, orchestra and cavea. The skene is narrow and its length spreads through the entire width of the cavea. The proskenion (the podium in front of the skene) was 1,5m higher than the level of the orchestra. The skene was two stories high and built in the Corinthian order which was typical for the period. Typically for theatre buildings, vertical grooves were found in the skene's wall which indicate that a structure for raising and lowering a curtain probably existed. The height of the construction that bears the cavea was considerable.
The orchestra had a horseshoe shape which was typical for Roman provinces. In the last construction period of the Odeon, however, size of the orchestra was reduced and its shape became semicircular. The floor was made of large marble slabs surrounded by marble orthostates near the cavea. A wall around the Eastern end of the orchestra supported the lowest part the cavea.
The cavea surrounds the Eastern side of orchestra and had between 300 and 350 spectator seats arranged in step-like shape for better visibility. A vaulted structure with numerous vaulted spaces in truncated cone shape supported the cavea. A similar structure was used for the construction of the spectator area of the Colosseum in Rome. The cavea is separated from the skene via parodoi.

## Conservation and restoration

The Odeon of Philippopolis was discovered in 1988 by the archeologist Z. Dimitrov and Maya Martinova. In 1995 the ancient monument was listed as a cultural value of national significance. Conservation works were carried out in 2002 with financial support from the Leventis Foundation.
# Don Crichton

Don Crichton is a dancer and choreographer who was the lead dancer on The Carol Burnett Show. As a choreographer he was nominated for Emmy Awards in 1981 and 1993, and his work includes choreographing the 2003 Kennedy Center Honors.
# Southwestern Statistical Region

The Southwestern Statistical Region (Macedonian: Југозападен Регион, romanized: Jugozapaden Region; Albanian: Rajoni jugperendimor) is one of eight statistical regions of North Macedonia. Southwestern, located in the western part of the country, sharing Ohrid Lake with its westerly border Albania. Internally, it borders the Pelagonia, Polog, Skopje, and Vardar statistical regions.

## Municipalities

The Southwestern Statistical Region is divided into nine municipalities:
* Centar Župa
* Debar
* Debarca
* Kičevo
* Makedonski Brod
* Ohrid
* Plasnica
* Struga
* Vevčani

## Population

The current population of the Southwestern statistical region is 177,398 citizens, according to the last population census in 2021.
| Census Year | Population | Change |
| 1994 | 211,046 | N/A |
| 2002 | 221,546 | +5.0% |
| 2021 | 177,398 | -19.9% |

## Ethnicities

The largest ethnic group in the region is Macedonian, followed by Albanians and Turkish people.

## Religions

Religious affiliation according to the 2002 and 2021 censuses:
41°30′36″N 20°58′12″E﻿ / ﻿41.5100°N 20.9700°E﻿ / 41.5100; 20.9700