OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bernard L. Strehler

Bernard Strehler (1925–2001) was an early biogerontologist. He published the book Time, Cells, and Aging.
In 1949, he first purified firefly luciferin, which gives off light after being combined with ATP, magnesium ion, oxygen, and firefly luciferase. In 1956, he switched to the field of aging. He joined the faculty of the University of Southern California as a professor of biology and director of biological research at the USC Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center.

## Biography

Strehler studied biology at Johns Hopkins University, where he graduated in 1947. Three years later, he also received his doctorate there. He then worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. He identified luciferin, the luminescent substance of various beetle species, which he isolated from thousands of fireflies. Together with William Arnold, Strehler discovered that all green plants are bioluminescent as a result of the reversal of the first enzymatic step of photosynthesis. In 1952, he discovered that plants build up adenosine triphosphate in the chloroplasts under the influence of light.
Strehler later became assistant professor of biochemistry at the University of Chicago. In 1956 he went to the National Institutes of Health, where he worked at the Gerontology Centre in Baltimore. The University of Southern California (USC) appointed him Professor of Biology in 1967. He remained at USC until his retirement in 1990. From 1960 onwards, Strehler devoted himself primarily to biogerontological topics. He noticed that the loss in human cells is seven times slower than in cells from domestic dogs. The factor seven is also found in the two maximum life spans of both species.
Strehler was regarded as one of the most prominent gerontologists of his time. He has over 250 publications. He died of a stroke in a nursing home. He left behind two daughters and a son. His wife Theodora died three years before him.
# Chōhō-ji (Kainan)

Keitokuzan Chōhō-ji (慶徳山長保寺) is a Buddhist temple in the city of Kainan, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the Tendai school of Japanese Buddhism. Its main image is a statue of Shaka Nyorai. Its Hondō, Tahō-tō Pagoda and are Daimon National Treasures, and its daimyō cemetery is a National Historic Site.

## History

The early history of Chōhō-ji is not well-documented. Per the temple's own account, it was founded by a disciple of Ennin in the year 1000 at the request of Emperor Ichijō. Originally, it was situated to the west of its current location, and was relocated the Kamakura period. The existing Main Hall, Tahōtō and Daimon were built from the end of the Kamakura period to the Nanboku-chō period. The temple declined during the Sengoku period, but was revived in the early Edo period under the sponsorship of Asano Yoshinaga, daimyō of Kishū Domain.
In 1666, Tokugawa Yorinobu, who had replaced the Asano clan as daimyō, decided to make the temple the bodaiji for the Kishū Tokugawa clan, and in 1672 Tokugawa Mitsusada donated estates with a kokudaka of 500 koku for the temple's upkeep. On the eastern slopes of the mountain behind the precincts, a large cemetery was created for the Kishū Tokugawa clan, with the exceptions of the tombs of the 5th daimyō (Tokugawa Yoshimune) and 13th daimyō (Tokugawa Iemochi), who (as shogun), had their tombs at Kan'ei-ji in Edo. There are 28 tombs in the cemetery, twelve of which are for various daimyō, and the remainder are for their wives and children. Each tomb is surrounded by a stone fence, with a granite-paved floor and basalt approach and walls. The shape of the tombstone itself varies depending on the generation. There are also a total of 330 stone tōrō lanterns.
The temple is about nine minutes by car from Shimotsu Station on the JR West Kisei Main Line.

## Cultural properties

* Main Hall - National Treasure. Rebuilt in 1311.
* Tahōtō - National Treasure. Rebuilt in 1357.
* Daimon - National Treasure. Rebuilt in 1388.
* Chinju-dō - Important Cultural Property. It was rebuilt in Kamakura period.

## Gallery

* Pagoda
* Tokugawa Mitsusada's grave
* Tokugawa Yorinobu's grave
# David Ward

David Ward may refer to:
* David Ward (American football) (1907–1982), American football end
* David Ward (bowls) (1945–2005), England lawn and indoor bowler
* David Ward (British politician) (born 1953), British Liberal Democrat politician, MP for Bradford East (2010–2015)
* David Ward (cricketer, born 1981), Australian-born English former cricketer
* David Ward (palaeontologist) (born 1948), British palaeontologist
* David Ward (rugby league) (born 1953), English rugby league footballer
* David Ward (sheriff), law enforcement officer in Oregon
* David Ward (bass) (1922–1983), operatic bass
* David Ward (Surrey cricketer) (born 1961), English batsman
* David Ward (university president) (born 1938), president of the American Council on Education, 2001–2008
* David Ward (Wisconsin politician) (born 1953), American Republican politician from Wisconsin
* David C. Ward (born 1952), American historian, poet and author
* David Jenkins Ward (1871–1961), American politician
* David S. Ward (born 1945), American film director
* David Ward (1936–2016), known as Kiviaq, Inuit lawyer, politician, and former athlete
# 1994 Goražde air strikes

The Goražde air strikes was a series of NATO actions under the umbrella of operation Deny Fly to stop the Serbian offensive on Goražde, Bosnia. As a result, a Serbian command post was hit by American aircraft, while on the NATO side a British fighter was shot down and a French strike aircraft sustained damaged. On the ground, one Special Air Service British soldier was killed and another wounded, while 150 UNPROFOR soldiers were taken hostage. In the end, NATO was forced to stop air operations over Goražde and the Serbs agreed to halt their offensive in the area.

## Background

On 12 March, the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) made its first request for NATO air support, but close air support was not deployed, owing to a number of delays associated with the approval process. On 6 April VRS started Operation Star 94 pushing the ARBiH and approaching Goražde. On 10 and 11 April 1994, UNPROFOR called in air strikes to protect the Goražde safe area, resulting in the bombing of a Bosnian Serb military command outpost near Goražde by two US F-16 jets.

## Campaign

Two US F-16 jets bombed a Serb military command outpost near Goražde on 10 April. This was the first time in NATO's history it had ever attacked ground targets with aircraft. The VRS stopped the offensive momentarly. In reaction to the NATO attack, VRS took 150 UN personnel hostage on 14 April. Despite the now more difficult situation due to NATO pressure, the VRS continues to break through Bosniak lines and reach the first houses in the town of Goražde, where the city battles begin. Serbian fighters arrive only 300 meters from the hospital in Goražde. The VRS gets a special boost in morale after hitting two NATO planes. First, on April 15, a French Super Etendard on a photo reconnaissance mission was hit and damaged, and the next day a British Sea Harrier was shot down. Both aircraft were hit by MANPADS 9K38 Igla missiles. Also on April 15, two British SAS soldiers on the ground, operating as air controllers on the frontline, came under Serb heavy fire. One of them was killed and the other wounded.

## Aftermath

In the negotiations with UNPROFOR on 18 April, it was agreed that Goražde would be a demilitarized zone, ending the VRS offensive. And on 18 April VRS would end the Operation Star 94.
# Victoria Siddall

Victoria Siddall (born 1977) is a British gallerist, and the director of the National Portrait Gallery in London. She was appointed in August 2024. She was inaugural director of the Frieze Masters art fair, and a co-founder of environmental campaign groups the Gallery Climate Coalition and Murmur.

## Early life

Siddall was born in Northern Ireland, and as her father was in the army, the family lived in several countries. She was educated at boarding school from the age of 8.
Siddall earned a bachelor's degree in English and philosophy from the University of Bristol.

## Career

After university, Siddall worked for British auction house Christie's for over three years. In 2004, she joined London's Frieze Art Fair, and in 2012 was the founding director of Frieze Masters art fair, before becoming Global Director, overseeing all of Frieze's art fair operations, in London and New York, from 2014, and launching Frieze Seoul in 2022.
She joined the trustee board of Studio Voltaire, London, in 2012, and served as chair of the board of trustees between 2012 and 2024.
In August 2024 she was appointed the thirteenth director of London's National Portrait Gallery, the first woman to be appointed to the role in the gallery's 168-year history. She had been a trustee from July 2023 to August 2024. She took up her post in late 2024, succeeding interim director Michael Elliott, who was appointed after Nicholas Cullinan left in June to become director of the British Museum.

## Environmental campaigning

In October 2020, Siddall co-founded the Gallery Climate Coalition. In 2024, Siddall co-founded the green campaign group Murmur, that encourages arts and music organisations to reduce their carbon footprint and 'cut ties' with fossil fuel companies.
With Thomas Dane and Christie's, Siddall launched Artists for ClientEarth in 2021 which raised over $6.5 million for the environmental charity through donations of works by artists like Cecily Brown, Rashid Johnson, Xie Nanxing, and Beatriz Milhazes.

## Personal life

Siddall lives in Lambeth in South London, with her long-term partner François Chantala and their daughter. They met in 2000 while they were both working at Christie's. Chantala is a gallerist from Limoges, France, and a director at Thomas Dane in London.
# If I Told Him: A Completed Portrait of Picasso

"If I Told Him: A Completed Portrait of Picasso" is a poem written by Gertrude Stein in 1923. It was first published in Vanity Fair in 1924 and she subsequently published it in her 1934 collection Portraits and Prayers. This poem was part of a multi-decade intertextual dialogue between Stein and Pablo Picasso. Stein was one of the first to exhibit Picasso’s paintings at her weekly salons at 27 rue de Fleurus. In 1906, Picasso completed a portrait of Stein, and the following year, she wrote her first literary portrait of Picasso, titled “Picasso.” Over a decade later, when the two were no longer working as closely together, she wrote this second portrait, notable for its non-representational style.
# Bruce Anderson (columnist)

Bruce Anderson (born 1949) is a British political columnist, currently working as a freelancer. Formerly a political editor at The Spectator and contributor to the Daily Mail, he wrote for The Independent from 2003 to September 2010, and ConservativeHome until 2012.

## Early life and education

Anderson was born in Orkney, and was educated at Campbell College, Belfast, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he read History. He was a contemporary of the historian Paul Bew at both school and university.

## Politics

In his youth he was a Marxist, and it was as a member of the radical organization People's Democracy (alongside Bew) that he first became involved in the civil rights campaign in Northern Ireland. Anderson participated in the most "dramatic moment in the story of People's Democracy": a four-day 'freedom walk' from Belfast to Derry, which began on New Year's Day 1969. On 4 January he and his fellow marchers were attacked by approximately 200 loyalists at Burntollet Bridge, just outside Derry.
He still writes regularly for The Spectator, where his contributions are distinguished by their unstinting support for Britain's former Prime Minister David Cameron, whom he identified as a future Conservative Party leader in 2003. Following the outcome of the referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union in June 2016, Anderson commented that:
   It is the sovereign people who have got everything catastrophically wrong. I would not be surprised if there is a surge in demand to recall David Cameron, in months rather than years. Not so much 'Come back, all is forgiven' as 'Come back, and forgive us.'
# Enrica Malcovati

Enrica Malcovati (21 October 1894 - 4 January 1990) was an Italian Classical philologist.

## Career

In 1927, she was the general editor of Athenaeum, following the death of her mentor Carlo Pascal. She became a private teacher at the University of Pavia in 1930, the same year as her magnum opus - the three volumes of Oratorum Romanorum fragmenta - was published.
In 1940, Malcovati moved to the University of Cagliari to become the Professor of Latin. In this role she published several studies and translations of ancient authors including Lucan and Cicero. In 1946 she took up the role of Professor Greek at the University of Pavia before switching to the chair in Latin in 1950. She retired in 1969.
In 1970, she received an honorary doctorate in philosophy from the University of Vienna, and in 1978 she was elected to membership of the Accademia dei Lincei.

## Legacy

After her death, an issue of the Bollettino dei classici was dedicated to her memory. A conference proceedings published in 1996 celebrated the October 1994 conference held in Pavia to celebrate the 100th anniversary of her birth.
Malcovati's home city, Pavia, named a street after her, the 'Via Enrica Malcovati'.

## Select publications

* Malcovati, E. 1921 (1st edition) Imperatoris Caesaris Augusti operum fragmenta. Turin.
* Malcovati, E. 1930 (1st edition) (ed.) Oratorum Romanorum fragmenta. Turin.
* Malcovati, E. 1940. M. Anneo Lucano. Milan.
* Malcovati, E. 1943. "Cicerone e la poesia",. Pavia, Annali della Facoltà di lettere e di filosofia della Università di Cagliari 13.
* Malcovati, E. 1944. Clodia, Fulvia, Marzia, Terenzia. Rome.
* Malcovati, E. 1945. Donne, ispiratrici di poeti nell’antica Roma. Rome.
* Malcovati, E. 1952. Madame Dacier, una gentildonna filologa del gran secolo. Florence.
* Malcovati, E. 1965 (1st edition) (ed.) M. Tulli Ciceronis Brutus. Leipzig.
# Abraham Serving the Three Angels

Abraham Serving the Three Angels is a 1646 oil-on-panel painting by Rembrandt. The scene depicts Abraham, it is based on an episode from the Book of Genesis (18:1–12) and it has Mughal influence. Today it is in a private collection since it was bought in an auction in 1848 for £64 (equivalent to $8,000 in 2023). Before that its owners were Ferdinand Bol, a student of Rembrandt, the Dutch art collector and Mayor of Amsterdam, Jan Six as well as Benjamin West, an American artist.
In 2021, the painting was put up for sale by its current owner, Mark Fisch (the Metropolitan Museum trustee).
# Malcolm Webster (footballer)

Malcolm Webster (born 12 November 1950 in Doncaster) is an English former professional footballer who made 449 appearances in the Football League playing as a goalkeeper for Arsenal, Fulham, Southend United and Cambridge United. At Arsenal he contributed to their victory in the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup by making one appearance in the cup run. He was assistant manager to Chris Turner at Cambridge United between 1986 and 1988 before taking a break from football. He then became a goalkeeping coach, and has worked for clubs including Norwich City, Colchester United, Ipswich Town, Heart of Midlothian, Southampton and Crystal Palace, and also runs a goalkeeping school with business partner, Bolton Wanderers goalkeeping coach, Fred Barber.
# Gertrud Dorka

Gertrud Dorka (19 March 1893 – 14 February 1976) was a German archaeologist, prehistorian, museum director and teacher. She was the museum director of the State Museum for Prehistory and Early History between 1947 and 1958.

## Early life and education

Dorka was born on 19 March 1893 in Orlau in Germany (now Orłowo in Poland). Her father was a teacher. She qualified to be a teacher in 1914 however the family fled to Berlin at the outbreak of World War I. She then taught in various schools in Pankow, a borough of Berlin.
She became a guest student at the University of Berlin, where she studied anthropology, history, prehistory and geology. In 1918, she began studying under Albert Kiekebusch at the Märkisches Museum and participated in excavations.
She studied anthropology, geography and prehistory at the University of Berlin and the University of Kiel between 1930 and 1936. She completed her doctorate about the town of Pyrzyce in 1936 at the University of Kiel under Gustav Schwantes. After finishing her doctorate, she was offered a job in a museum in Kiel on the condition that she join the Nazi Party but she refused and she began working as a teacher again instead.

## Career

Dorka was evacuated to Zeitz with her school classes at the start of World War II. She returned to Berlin in 1946 and resumed working as a teacher.
In late 1946, Berlin city council decided to merge the cities museums because of financial reasons. Dorka became the museum director of the State Museum for Prehistory and Early History on 1 September 1947. Not long after, she began searching through the rubble of museums destroyed by air raids for artefacts. She also managed to secure several items from the Märkisches Museum collection and repatriated museum property which had been relocated to an estate in Lebus during the war. The building had been destroyed and looted by both the Red Army and by locals. In a bid to retrieve stolen items, Dorka bribed the locals, especially the children, with sweets to barter with and managed to collect 280 boxes of artefacts including some related to Heinrich Schliemann. The museum officially opened in 1955. The museum was merged with the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation near the end of the 1950s.
During the 1950s, Dorka led excavations in Berlin, which was still in the process of being rebuilt. These excavations took place in the districts of Britz, Mariendorf and Hermsdorf. Her most important excavation from this period was of the 6th century AD grave found in Britz on 28 March 1951. The grave included the bones of a two young women as well as iron tools, bronze buckles, a bone comb, a glass bowl and a gold coin. She retired as museum director on 31 March 1958.
After her retirement, Dorka published a book on archaeological discoveries in Neukölln, a borough of Berlin.
She was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1973.
She died in Berlin on 14 February 1976. In November 1996, a street, Gertrud-Dorka-Weg, in Berlin was named after her.
# Mariano Peralta

Mariano Ezequiel Peralta Bauer (born 20 February 1998) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga 1 club Borneo Samarinda.

## Professional career

On 11 September 2018, Peralta Bauer signed his first professional contract with San Lorenzo. He made his professional debut with San Lorenzo in a 3-1 Argentine Primera División win over Aldosivi on 1 March 2020. On 15 February 2022, Peralta Bauer joined Unión on a loan deal until the end of 2022 with a purchase option in June for US$700,000 and in December for US$900,000.

## Honours

Individual
* Liga 1 Goal of the Month: September 2024
# Ranchi–Ajmer Garib Nawaz Express

The 18631 / 18632 Ranchi–Ajmer Garib Nawaz Express is an express train belonging to South Eastern Railway zone that runs between Ranchi Junction and Ajmer Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 18631/18632 train numbers on a weekly basis.

## Service

The 18631/Ranchi–Ajmer Garib Nawaz Express has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 1678 km in 33h 10m. The 18632/Ajmer–Ranchi Garib Nawaz Express has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 1678 km in 32h 45m.

## Coach composition

The train has standard ICF rakes with a max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 15 coaches :
* 1 AC II Tier
* 2 AC III Tier
* 4 Sleeper coaches
* 6 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake
# Jude Soonsup-Bell

Jude Jacob Soonsup-Bell (born 10 January 2004) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish Primera Federación club Atlético Sanluqueño, on loan from Córdoba.

## Early life

Born in Chippenham, Soonsup-Bell started his career at local side Calne Town, before joining Swindon Town. He moved to Chelsea at under-13 level.

## Club career

Initially a midfielder, Soonsup-Bell was converted into a forward in the Chelsea academy. This change was beneficial for both Chelsea and Soonsup-Bell, as he progressed into a prolific striker, notably scoring four goals in an 8–1 FA Youth Cup win over Barnsley - the first Chelsea player to score four goals in this competition since Roger Bill in 1961.
At the age of 16, he was playing regularly for Chelsea's under-23 squad, and was seen as one of Chelsea's best young players. He signed his first professional contract in January 2021, having trained with the first team in preparation for their FA Cup third round tie with Morecambe.
Soonsup-Bell made his Chelsea debut on 22 December 2021 in the quarterfinals of the EFL Cup, starting in a 2–0 win against Brentford. On 30 January 2023, it was confirmed that Soonsup-Bell had signed a contract with Tottenham Hotspur. On 22 August 2024, following a successful season in Premier League 2, Soonsup-Bell joined Segunda División club Córdoba.
On 3 February 2025, Soonsup-Bell was loaned to Atlético Sanluqueño in the third tier until the end of the season.

## International career

Eligible to represent both England and Thailand, through his Thai Grandfather, Soonsup-Bell has played for England at under-15, under-16, under-18 and under-19 level. He is the second highest goal-scorer for the England U16s, behind Jadon Sancho, with six goals in seven appearances.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 18 October 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Chelsea U21 | 2021–22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Chelsea U21 | 2022–23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Chelsea U21 | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Chelsea | 2021–22 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Tottenham Hotspur | 2022–23 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Córdoba | 2024–25 | Segunda División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | | | | |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
* ↑ Includes FA Cup, Copa del Rey
* ↑ Includes EFL Cup
* 1 2 Appearances in EFL Trophy
# Elections in Perlis

Elections in Perlis have been held in the Malaysian state of Perlis since 1955 and have chosen Perlis's elected representatives in the Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Undangan Negeri (the Malaysian federal and state assemblies).

## Federal level
### Federal constituencies

* List of Malayan federal electoral districts (1955–1959)#Perlis
* List of former Malaysian federal electoral districts#Perlis
* List of Malaysian electoral districts#Perlis

### General elections
#### 2022 general election
## State level
### State constituencies

* List of Malayan state and settlement electoral districts (1954–1959)#Perlis
* List of former Malaysian state electoral districts#Perlis

### State elections
#### 2022 state election
## By-Elections
### State Assembly

* 2002
* Indera Kayangan
* 2000
* Sanggang
* 1978
* Titi Tinggi
* 1974
* Bandar Kangar

### Dewan Rakyat

* 1998
* Arau