# Presbyterian Church of Ghana

The Presbyterian Church of Ghana is a mainstream Protestant and ecumenically-minded church denomination in Ghana. The oldest, continuously existing, established Christian Church in Ghana, it was started by the Basel missionaries on 18 December 1828. The missionaries had been trained in Germany and Switzerland and arrived on the Gold Coast to spread Christianity. The work of the mission became stronger when Moravian missionaries from the West Indies arrived in the country in 1843. In 1848, the Basel Mission Church set up a seminary, now named the Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong, for the training of church workers to help in the missionary work. The Ga and Twi languages were added as part of the doctrinal text used in the training of the seminarians. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Presbyterian church had its missions concentrated in the southeastern parts of the Gold Coast and the peri-urban Akan hinterland. By the mid-20th century, the church had expanded and founded churches among the Asante people who lived in the middle belt of Ghana as well as the northern territories by the 1940s. The Basel missionaries left the Gold Coast during the First World War in 1917. The work of the Presbyterian church was continued by missionaries from the Church of Scotland, the mother church of the worldwide orthodox or mainline (oldline) Presbyterian denomination. The official newspaper of the church is the Christian Messenger, established by the Basel Mission in 1883. The denomination's Presbyterian sister church is the Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana.

## Church structure

The church is a founding member of the Christian Council of Ghana. The association is an umbrella group that unites several churches in Ghana and monitors the activities of members to ensure that they are united in their Christian mission. Ordained ministers wear the Geneva gown and a clerical collar. Historically considered a "high church" denomination, the institution’s form of worship is marked by formality – liturgical readings, recitation of the Apostles' Creed, traditional hymn singing, church announcements and periodic administering of the Holy Communion. The denomination also administers infant baptism and the rite of confirmation. Yearly religious observances, such as Advent and Lent are noted in the church’s almanac. In contemporary times, however, a 'praise and worship' segment, more commonly associated with evangelicalism, Pentecostalism and the charismatic movement, is sometimes incorporated into church services to meet the preferences of younger congregants. The Presbyterian Hymn Book is used during services and is available in primarily English, Ga, Twi, Ewe and other Ghanaian languages and dialects.
The Presbyterian Church of Ghana has seven church departments that have specific tasks of building up the church in their respective activities. These are:
* Department of Administration & Human Resource
* Department of Church Life & Nurture
* Department of Mission & Evangelism
* Department of Ecumenical & Social Relations
* Department of Development & Social Services
* Department of Education
* Department of Finance

## Membership

By 2015, the church had 876,257 members and 2573 congregations. By the end of 2019, the PCG had about a total membership of 1,015,174. According to the 2019 report of the Committee on Information Management, Statistics & Planning (IMSP) of the Department of Administration & Human Resource Management (AHRM) of the church, it had 4889 congregations. As of 2021, there were more than 1.7 million Presbyterians in Ghana, representing approximately 8% of Ghanaian Christians and comprising members of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana, Global Evangelical Church and other smaller Reformed denominations in the Presbyterian tradition.
PCG Statistics – 2001 to 2013
| Year | Total | Increase | %Increase |
| 2001 | 500,190 | | |
| 2002 | 535,130 | 34,940 | 7.0 |
| 2003 | 565,637 | 30,507 | 5.7 |
| 2004 | 578,727 | 13,090 | 2.3 |
| 2005 | 612,337 | 33,610 | 5.8 |
| 2006 | 615,391 | 3,054 | 0.5 |
| 2007 | 622,609 | 7,218 | 1.2 |
| 2008 | 624,890 | 2,281 | 0.4 |
| 2009 | 652,083 | 27,193 | 4.4 |
| 2010 | 691,949 | 39,866 | 6.1 |
| 2011 | 721,599 | 29,650 | 4.3 |
| 2012 | 739,548 | 17,949 | 2.5 |
| 2013 | 773,504 | 33,956 | 4.6 |

## The Church and education

Education is an integral part of the church's responsibility to the communities it operates in. In general, Ghanaian Presbyterians have a high educational attainment. Together with Ghanaian Anglicans, Methodists and Roman Catholics - Christian denominations that also prioritize higher education, Presbyterians in Ghana were historically disproportionately represented in the upper ranks of government, industry, academia and the professional occupations. The church is the proprietor of more than 2400 basic schools including 487 kindergarten and nursery schools, 984 primary schools and 399 junior high schools. The church has 30 senior high schools, 40 private schools, 6 vocational institutions, 5 teacher training colleges, 2 research centres, 4 nursing training colleges and 5 training centres for pastors and laity. In 2003, the church started a university known as the Presbyterian University College. It is located at Abetifi-Kwahu in the Eastern region of Ghana.

## The Church and health

The original health mission of the church started at the Basel Mission. Rudolf Fisch opened the first hospital at the Basel Mission in 1885. The church is a member of the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG). CHAG is an umbrella group that unites all the health facilities in Ghana that are owned and run by Christian churches in Ghana. The church is the third largest provider of healthcare in Ghana, in terms of number of health facilities across the country in cities and towns such as Agogo, Bawku, Dormaa-Ahenkro, Donkorkrom, Bolgatanga, Salaga, Tease, Konongo, Duayaw-Nkwanta, Garu, Sandema, etc. Among its 55 health institutions, the church operates four major hospitals, 11 primary health care programmes, eight health centres, 13 clinics, 4 nurses' training colleges and a technical unit. These institutions provide a substantial portion of health services in the rural areas with a workforce of 1,977 and total hospital beds of 745. Curative, preventive and promotive services are provided to clients by the facilities in their respective catchment areas. The PHC interventions cover areas such as antenatal care, postnatal care, family planning, nutrition, growth monitoring of children between 0–5 years, immunization, health education, environmental sanitation, HIV&AIDS control, prevention, home-based care and counselling and clinical care at the health centres. The Church is currently the third largest single provider of health services in the country. The hospitals provide medical specialist services with resident specialists as follows:
* Agogo Hospital – Ophthalmology, internal medicine, general surgery, obstetrics / gynaecology and paediatrics
* Bawku Hospital – Ophthalmology, general surgery, orthopaedic surgery and obstetrics / gynaecology
* Dormaa Hospital – Paediatrics.

## The Church and agriculture

The Presbyterian Church of Ghana was established in 1828 and formalised partnership (Reg No. ACB 146/88) with the then government of Gold Coast now the Republic of Ghana in 1932 to contribute to the Spiritual and socio-economic development of the citizenry of Ghana. To this end, the Church established six (6) Agricultural Service stations in the late sixties in the Northern, Upper East, Eastern and Greater Accra regions of Ghana to complement the efforts of Government at poverty eradication in rural communities of the country.

## Assets

The church owns two printing and publishing houses including Waterville Publishing House, three newspapers, including Christian Messenger and eight bookshops. It has three retreat centres and operates four guest houses and three conference halls.

## Church leadership
### Moderator of the General Assembly

The Moderator of the General Assembly position is the chairperson of the general assembly (previously synod), equivalent to the chief executive officer or managing director or president of the governing body of the national church organisation. Serving moderators use the honorific style, The Right Reverend. Retired moderators use the style, The Very Reverend after leaving office.
| No | Moderator | Tenure of Office |
| 1 | Peter Hall | 1918–22 |
| 2 | Nathaniel Asare | 1923–24 |
| 3 | W. A. Quartey | 1925–29 |
| 4 | L. L. Richter | 1930–31 |
| 5 | E. C. Martinson | 1932–38 |
| 6 | S. S. Odonkor | 1939–50 |
| 7 | E. V. Asihene | 1951–54 |
| 8 | E. Max Dodu | 1955–58 |
| 9 | E. M. L. Odjidja | 1959–66 |
| 10 | J. K. Sintim-Misa | 1967–78 |
| 11 | I. H. Frempong | 1979–86 |
| 12 | D. A. Koranteng | 1987–95 |
| 13 | A. A. Beeko | 1995–98 |
| 14 | Sam Prempeh | 1999–2003 |
| 15 | Yaw Frimpong-Manso | 2004–10 |
| 16 | Emmanuel Martey | 2010–16 |
| 17 | Cephas Narh Omenyo | 2016–18 |
| 18 | J. O. Y. Mante | 2018–23 |
| 19 | Abraham Nana Opare Kwakye | 2023– |

### Synod Clerk / Clerk of the General Assembly

The Clerk of the General Assembly position (previously Synod Clerk) is the chief ecclesial (ecclesiastical) officer of the general assembly, equivalent to as the chief administrative officer or secretary-general or executive secretary of the national church organisation, responsible for daily operations or performance. The Clerk uses the title style The Reverend. The following ministers were elected and served as the Synod Clerk or Clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana:
| No. | Synod Clerk / Clerk of the General Assembly | Tenure of Office |
| 1 | Nicholas Timothy Clerk | 1918–32 |
| 2 | D. E. Akwa | 1933–40 |
| 3 | M. A. Obeng | 1941–49 |
| 4 | Carl Henry Clerk | 1950–54 |
| 5 | A. L. N. Kwansa | 1955–69 |
| 6 | T. A. Osei | 1970–74 |
| 7 | R. K. Sah | 1978–85 |
| 8 | E. S. Mate-Kodjo | 1985–95 |
| 9 | Ofosu Adutwum | 1995–97 |
| 10 | Nii Teiko Dagadu (Ag.) | 1997–99 |
| 11 | Charles Gyang-Duah | 1999–2003 |
| 12 | Herbert Oppong | 2004–12 |
| 13 | Samuel Ayete-Nyampong | 2012–19 |
| 14 | Godwin Nii Noi Odonkor | 2019– |

## Notable people

* Gottlieb Ababio Adom
* Clement Anderson Akrofi
* Rose Akua Ampofo
* David Asante
* John Azumah
* Emilie Christaller
* Johann Gottlieb Christaller
* Alexander Worthy Clerk
* Carl Henry Clerk
* Nicholas T. Clerk (1930–2012)
* Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1862–1961)
* Peter Hall
* Regina Hesse
* Rose Ann Miller
* Catherine Mulgrave
* Theophilus Opoku
* Rosa and Fritz Ramseyer
* Carl Christian Reindorf
* Andreas Riis
* George Peter Thompson
* Rosina Widmann
* Johannes Zimmermann

## Outside Ghana

The church has a congregation in New York City, US and in Milton Keynes, England. There is also a congregation in Toronto, Canada. There is also a Chruch in Riverisde california

## Gallery

* Christ Presbyterian Church, Akropong
* Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu
* Ramseyer Memorial Presbyterian Church