OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1,8-Diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, or more commonly DBU, is a chemical compound and belongs to the class of amidine compounds. It is used in organic synthesis as a catalyst, a complexing ligand, and a non-nucleophilic base.

## Synthesis

DBU can be synthesised in three steps from caprolactam and acrylonitrile. First, the nitrile undergoes an addition reaction at the caprolactam nitrogen, producing N-(2-cyanoethyl)-caprolactam. This is then hydrogenated to N-aminopropyl-caprolactam, followed by an intramolecular carbonyl condensation to form the imine. Water is removed by fractional distillation.

## Occurrence

Although all commercially available DBU is produced synthetically, it may also be isolated from the sea sponge Niphates digitalis. The biosynthesis of DBU has been proposed to begin with adipaldehyde and 1,3-diaminopropane.

## Uses

As a reagent in organic chemistry, DBU is used as a ligand and base. As a base, protonation occurs at the imine nitrogen. Lewis acids also attach to the same nitrogen.
These properties recommend DBU for use as a catalyst, for example as a curing agent for epoxy resins and polyurethane.
It is used in the separation of fullerenes in conjunction with trimethylbenzene. It reacts with C$_{70}$ and higher fullerenes, but not with C$_{60}$.
It is useful for dehydrohalogenations.
# Mahmuda Huq Chowdhury

Mahmuda Huq Chowdhury is a former diplomat and the ambassador of Bangladesh to Bhutan, the first woman ambassador of Bangladesh.

## Early life

When Chowdhury was born, her mother was only 14. Her mother ensured she was educated before marriage. She completed her masters in political science. She was married to Mohammad Shamsul Haque. Her husband was the superintendent of police of Chittagong District who supported Sheikh Mujibur Rahman during the Bangladesh Liberation War. He was killed by Pakistan Army on 17 April 1971 and his body was never recovered.

## Career

After the war, Chowdhury went with Budrunnessa Ahmad to meet President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to ask for jobs for war widows on 18 January 1972. Rafiqullah Chowdhury appointed her as an Assistant Secretary to the Prime Minister's Office. Mujib asked Chowdhury what she wanted to become, and she replied to him that she wanted to be an Ambassador. After asking about her qualification, he noted that while Pakistan did not allow women to join the foreign service Bangladesh would be a different nation. He ordered the creation of a quota of 10 percent in the Bangladesh Civil Service. She joined the foreign service in April 1972.
After Chowdhury joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs she faced challenges as the first woman diplomat. There was no toilet for women in the building, so she had to go to a friend's house nearby. She worked as the protocol officer during a visit by the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Siddhartha Shankar Ray. She received foreign service training in Australia following a recommendation by the Australian High Commissioner to Bangladesh. She recommended exporting guest workers from Bangladesh. She completed a second masters at the Fletcher School at Tufts University with support of senior ministry official Faruk Sobhan.
After the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, there was an attempt to remove Chowdhury from the foreign service. She called President Ziaur Rahman, who knew her husband during the war in Chittagong, and who supported her. She served as the first secretary at the High Commission of Bangladesh in Sri Lanka, and United Arab Emirates. She was the Charge d' Affaires at the Bangladesh Embassy in the Philippines.
From 1996, to 1998, Chowdhury was the ambassador of Bangladesh to Bhutan, the first women ambassador from the foreign service. Then she was appointed the Deputy High Commissioner of Bangladesh to the United Kingdom. She retired in 2000.
Chowdhury was the vice-president of the Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh party led by former President A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury.

## Legacy

In 2021, a movie based on Chowdhury's husband and Chowdhury, Dampara, started production in 2021. Ferdous Ahmed would play her husband and Habib Bhabna will play her. The movie was being produced by the Chittagong Metropolitan Police.
# Stadion im. Braci Czachorów

The Czachor Brothers Stadium (Polish: Stadion im. Braci Czachorów), also known as the Radom Municipal Stadium (Polish: Stadion Miejski w Radomiu), is located in Radom, Poland. It is currently used mostly for association football matches and is the home ground of Radomiak Radom. Its reconstruction started in May 2017, and is not over yet. First phase was opened in August 2023 for Radomiak's home game against Cracovia.
The stadium's capacity is 8,800. In the future to be 15,000. During the construction of the facility, Radomiak, who competes in the Ekstraklasa, played its home matches at the Marshal Józef Piłsudski Athletic and Football Stadium at 9 Narutowicza Street from 2015 to 2023.
The old stadium that was located on this site was built in 1925.
# Garai (surname)

Garai is a surname of multiple origins. Garai is a Basque surname that appeared in Sopuerta (Vizcaya), that means "peak" or "height". Garai is also common Bengali and Hungarian surnames.

## List

Notable people with this surname include:
* Aritz López Garai (born 1980), Spanish footballer
* Dorothy Garai (died 1438), Hungarian noblewoman who became Queen of Bosnia
* Fernando Lamikiz Garai, a Basque lawyer
* Ladislaus Garai (c. 1410–1459), Palatine of Hungary
* Laszlo Garai, a Hungarian economist and academic
* Nicholas I Garai (c. 1325–1386), Palatine of Hungary
* Nicholas II Garai (1367–1433), Palatine of Hungary
* Romola Garai (born 1982), English actress
# Jan Štefela

Jan Štefela (born 20 April 2001) is a Czech high jumper. He won the high jump at the 2021 European Under-23 Championships and placed fifth at the 2024 World Indoor Championships. He is also a three-time national champion, winning the outdoor title in 2022, and 2023, and the indoor title in 2023.
His personal best is 2.30 metres indoors, set in Třinec in February 2024 and 2.22 metres outdoors, set in August 2023 in Huizingen [fr], Belgium.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Czech Republic |||||
| 2021 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 1st | 2.20 m |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 7th | 2.18 m |
| 2023 | European U23 Championships | Espoo, Finland | 5th | 2.15 m |
| 2024 | World Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 5th | 2.24 m |
| 2024 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 5th | 2.26 m |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 9th | 2.22 m |
| 2025 | European Indoor Championships | Apeldoorn, Netherlands | 2nd | 2.29 m |
# Kjell Frisk

Kjell Göran Frisk (born 27 April 1964) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and a goalkeeping coach. Frisk made 24 Allsvenskan appearances for Djurgården.
From 1999 to 2016, Frisk was the goalkeeping coach of Djurgården. Together with Lars Sandberg, he was awarded the Swedish Sports Confederation Fair-play Award in 2006.
# Peter Yuen

Peter Yuen is a former Deputy Chief of the Toronto Police Service. After serving a distinguished 35-year career with the Toronto Police Service, Yuen retired as Deputy Chief and second in command overseeing Community Safety Command in the largest municipal service in Canada.
Deputy Chief Yuen became the first Superintendent within the Toronto Police Services of Chinese heritage and has been named police officer of the year.
Born in Hong Kong and immigrating to Canada with his family in 1975 when he was 11, they settled in East York, and his father opened a restaurant. Yuen attended Scarborough’s Blessed Cardinal Newman Catholic Secondary School. He initially pursued a degree in chemical engineering at McMaster University in Hamilton before leaving after two years to become a police officer.
In April 2018, Deputy Police Chief Peter Yuen provided an update to the public on behalf of Toronto Police Services and Constable Peter Lam following the 2018 Toronto van attack.

## Political career

In October 2024, Peter Yuen was officially nominated as the Ontario Liberal candidate for Scarborough-Agincourt.
# Enrique González Rojo Jr.

Enrique González Rojo (October 5, 1928 – March 5, 2021) was a Mexican writer, philosopher and teacher.

## Biography

González Rojo was the only son of the writer Enrique González Rojo. After the death of his father, he grew up at his grandfather Enrique González Martínez, and the family decided, that the name of his father should not get lost. In 1959, he obtained the teacher's degree and a doctorate in philosophy. He taught at the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, as well as the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo and the Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo.

## Selected works

* Para deletrear el infinito I, 1972
* Para leer a Althusser, 1974
* El quíntuple balar de mis sentidos, 1976
* Teoría científica de la historia, 1977
* La Revolución proletario-intellectual, 1981
* Por los siglos de los siglos, 1981
* Para deletrear el infinito II, 1985
* Epistemología y socialismo, 1986-1988 (six volumes)
* Para deletrear el Infinito III, 1988
* Las huestes de Heráclito, 1988
* Apolo musageta, 1989
* El Junco, 2000
* La cantata del árbol que camina, 2000
* Memoralia del sol, 2002
* Viejos, 2002

## Awards

* Xavier Villaurrutia Award, 1976 for El quíntuple balar de mis sentidos
* Premio Latinoamericano de Poesía y Cuento “Benemérito de América”, 2002, for Viejos
# Kevin Carr

Kevin Carr (born 6 November 1958) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper, making over 200 appearances in the Football League.

## Career

Born in Morpeth, Carr played for Burnley, Newcastle United, Carlisle United, Darlington, Middlesbrough, Hartlepool United, Blyth Spartans and Bedlington Terriers.
After retiring as a footballer, he joined the police, become a detective constable with Northumbria Police.

## Honours

Individual
* Newcastle United Player of the Year: 1980–81
# Tapton Hall

Tapton Hall is a Grade II listed building situated on Shore Lane in the Crosspool area of Sheffield, England.

## History

Tapton Hall was built in 1855, on the site of an earlier building known as Tapton Grove, recorded on the 1853 town plan of Sheffield. The date of the construction of Tapton Grove is unknown but it is known that Mary Shore (thus Shore Lane) lived in the house until her death in 1853 at the age of 96. Mrs Shore was the grandmother of Florence Nightingale and the young Florence often stayed at the house. Upon the death of Mrs Shore, the house was bought by Robert B. Mitchell who, within two years, sold the house to the Sheffield steel magnate Edward Vickers.
Vickers’ first action was to demolish Tapton Grove and erect Tapton Hall in its place. He used the architects Flockton & Son and the house was built in the Classical style with Italianate features. In 1867, the house was bought by George Wilson of the family of snuff manufacturers. Wilson paid £3,500 for Tapton Hall, plus £1,424 for the furniture and £218 for the wine left in the cellar. The hall was owned by the Wilson family until the late 1950s, being lived in by George Wilson's son George Kingsford Wilson (1853–1933) and then his grandson George Ronald Wilson (1888–1958).
Soon after the death of George Ronald Wilson in 1958 the hall was purchased by the Masonic Hall Company of Sheffield who had plans to refurbish and extend the building. In 1959, the Masonic Hall Company held a limited competition and invited architectural firms to submit plans for large-scale additions to meet highly specialised needs without detracting from the quality of the house. The competition was won by the Sheffield firm of Hadfield, Cawkwell, Davidson & Partners who restored and renovated the existing house, providing specialised suites of rooms and a new 30,000 square foot extension. The extension, which was completed in 1967, was built in a contemporary style and has been described as “large and uncompromisingly modern”. It comprises two floors and includes four temples, dining rooms and kitchen to serve 360 diners. The extension is constructed in grey brick, ashlar stone slabs and precast concrete cladding. A large abstract concrete mural symbolising the turmoil and chaos of the outside by William Mitchell stands at the members' entrance.

### Present day

Today, Tapton Hall is a conference and banqueting centre which hosts weddings, civil ceremonies, corporate events and special occasions.The building is also used as a Masonic Hall.

## Architecture

The building is dominated by a large rounded two-storey bow window consisting of three sashes on each floor. The hipped slate roof is concealed by balustrades. The eastern entrance has a two-storey square porch. The interior has a grand entrance hall with an open-well staircase, moulded segmental arches, modillion cornice and a roof light.
# Monique Nemni

Monique Esther Nemni (Egyptian Arabic: مونيكوى نيمنى; March 27, 1936 – 2 November 2022) was an Egyptian-born Canadian linguist and writer, best known for a series of biographies of former Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau which she cowrote with her husband Max Nemni.
Nemni was a professor of linguistics at the Université du Québec à Montréal, and a coeditor of Cité Libre.
The first volume of the Trudeau biography, Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 1919-1944, won the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing in 2006. The second volume, Trudeau Transformed: The Shaping of a Statesman, 1944-1965, was a shortlisted nominee for the same award in 2011. A third volume, focusing on Trudeau's career in elected politics after 1965, is slated for future publication.
Nemni died of a heart attack in Naples, on 2 November 2022, at the age of 86.

## Works

* Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 1919-1944 (2006, ISBN 978-0771067495)
* Trudeau Transformed: The Shaping of a Statesman, 1944-1965 (2011, ISBN 978-0771051258)
# Design choice

A design choice describes the planned way to satisfy an engineering development requirement in a way that could be satisfied differently. Often, there are multiple ways to satisfy a requirement, which necessitates making choices to select from possible design options. Selection is often based on financial considerations, often resulting in the least expensive option.
In civil engineering, design choices typically derive from basic principles of materials science and structural design. A suspension bridge, for example, uses the fact that steel is extremely efficient in tension, while a prestressed concrete bridge takes advantage of concrete's relatively low cost by weight and its ability to sustain high compressive loading (see compression).
# Helsby hill fort

Helsby hill fort is an Iron Age hillfort overlooking the village of Helsby in Cheshire, northwest England. Helsby Hill has steep cliffs on the northern and western sides, providing a natural semicircular defence. Double rampart earthworks extend to the south and east to provide protection to those flanks. Two additional banks have been discovered enclosing a rock ledge on the cliff to the north side. Excavations last century revealed a wall composed of sand and rubble, revetted with stone to the back and front. The hill has a summit of 141 m AOD, and is a prominent landmark rising above the Cheshire Plain, with fine views overlooking the Mersey Estuary and into Wales. Much of the hill is owned and managed by the National Trust. The surrounding areas are well wooded to the southwest, northwest and northeast with farmland to the southeast. The hill fort is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

## Location

The site is to the east of the large village and civil parish of Helsby, in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire.
* Map sources for Helsby hill fort
# Monteiasi

Monteiasi (Tarantino: Mundejase; Brindisino: Muntiasi; locally Muntiase) is a town and comune in the province of Taranto, Apulia, Southern Italy. Monteiasi was historically an Arbëreshë settlement. After the inhabitants abandoned the Albanian Greek Orthodox faith they assimilated into the local population.

## Physical geography

Monteiasi is located in the Mediterranean landscape, characterized by olive trees and vineyards.

## History

Around the 16th century, a large group of Albanian refugees coming from the Balkans during the conquest of the latter by the Ottoman Empire settled in Monteiasi. At the end of same century, it was forced to leave their houses, because the archbishops of Taranto abandoned the Greek rite.

## Toponymy

There are different interpretations regarding the origin of the name, however, they do not have any documentary evidence, contrary to what local people supposed. According to the most widespread opinion, the name "Monteiasi" derives from the ancient Greek compound 'monos tiasos' (literally 'sacred area'). Indeed various fragments of statuettes used for the worship of Dionysus were found in the countryside. Other interpretations claim that "Tiasì" means a series of dances performed by local farmers in honor of the god Bacchus, over time these dances were associated with the traditional taranta dance. From the standpoint of historians, the toponym derives from the devotion to Saint Blaise, 'mons Blasi' (Monte di Biagio). Further sources believe that the name is attributable to its geographical position: "inter montes" (among the mountains). Since it is located between the small hills whence Montemesola, Monteparano, and Grottaglie rise. Moreover, its origins may be traced back to the "Palummara" farm, located to the west of the town, which shows its story through the archaeological complex from the Neolithic to the Roman conquest.

## Dialect

Monteiasi dialect is similar to Salentino dialect, but it is also similar to Tarantino dialect.
# Roger Hansbury

Roger Hansbury (born 26 January 1955) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made 377 appearances in the Football League, and also played in Hong Kong.
Hansbury was born in Barnsley, which was then in the West Riding of Yorkshire. He started his career with Norwich City, for whom he made 78 league appearances between 1974 and 1981, and spent spells on loan at Bolton Wanderers, Cambridge United and Orient. Unable to dislodge Chris Woods or Kevin Keelan from Norwich's starting lineup, he moved to Hong Kong in 1981 to play for Eastern AA. He returned to England in 1983 and played for Burnley, Cambridge United for a second time, Birmingham City, from where he went on loan to Sheffield United, Wolverhampton Wanderers and Colchester United, and finally Cardiff City.
After retiring from football he ran a greetings card shop.
# Albert Heywood

Albert Edwards Heywood (12 May 1913 – May 1989) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Sunderland.
# United States Post Office–Lexington Main

The US Post Office-Lexington Main is a historic post office at 1661 Massachusetts Avenue in Lexington, Massachusetts. The single-story brick Georgian Revival building was built in 1937 as part of a Depression era works program. The building has fairly modest styling: it has a belfry and cupola, and its entry is flanked by fluted engaged columns, and topped by a simple entablature, and an eagle set in a carved recess. The interior has marble terrazzo flooring, and marble wainscoting below otherwise plaster walls.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
# Teshniz

Teshniz (Persian: تشنيز) is a village in Kharaji Rural District of the Central District in Kiar County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The village is populated by Lurs.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,639 in 433 households, when it was in Kiar-e Gharbi Rural District of the former Kiar District in Shahrekord County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,584 people in 490 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Kiar County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,538 people in 494 households.
In 2023, Teshniz was transferred to Kharaji Rural District created in the district.
# You're Everything

"You're Everything" is a song by American rapper Bun B, released July 31, 2008 as the third single from his second studio album II Trill (2008). The song, produced by Mr. Lee, features fellow southern rappers Rick Ross, David Banner and 8Ball & MJG. The video was released August 6, 2008, on BET's Access Granted.

## Background

In 8Ball's verse, he reels off a list of Dirty South rappers (in order) Pimp C, Bun B, 8Ball & MJG, Big Boi, André 3000 (named as Dre Three-Thou), Scarface, Willie D, T.I. (named as T.I.P.), Young Jeezy, Birdman, Lil Wayne (named as Lil Weezy), Trick Daddy, Young Buck, Jermaine Dupri, J. Prince, Juicy J, DJ Paul, Slim Thug, Lil' Keke, Chamillionaire, and Paul Wall. He also mentions record companies So So Def (named after Jermaine Dupri) and Rap-a-Lot Records (named after J. Prince).
The song uses the drum beats of 808's and 909's.
The song uses a sample from "Cry for You" by Jodeci. Rapper E-40 sampled "You're Everything" in his song "That Candy Paint" also featuring Bun B and Slim Thug, from E-40's 2011 album Revenue Retrievin': Graveyard Shift.

## Remixes

Chamillionaire did a freestyle to the song called "Do It for H Town" featuring Trae and Slim Thug for Mixtape Messiah 4, and another called "Everything" featuring Crooked I for Mixtape Messiah 6.

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak Position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | 59 |
# 1st British Academy Film Awards

The 1st British Film Academy Awards (retroactively known as the British Academy Film Awards), were handed out on 29 May 1949 at the Odeon Cinema, Leicester Square, in London, for films shown in the United Kingdom in 1947 and 1948. They were presented by the British Film Academy (currently, British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA)), an organisation established in 1947 by filmmakers from Great Britain, for the "advancement of the art and technique of the film". The Academy bestowed accolades in three categories: Best British Film, Best Picture from any source – British or Foreign and a Special Award. British film producer Michael Balcon chaired the ceremony.
Odd Man Out won Best British Film. Best Film from any source – British or Foreign was awarded to American film The Best Years of Our Lives. Documentary, The World Is Rich received the Special Award. Bronze trophies, designed by Henry Moore were given to the director of the films, on behalf of the motion pictures' production units.

## Winners

Winners highlighted in boldface. All sources used in this article make no mention of nominees in any of the categories.
| Best British Picture | Best Picture from any source – British or Foreign |
| Odd Man Out | The Best Years of Our Lives (United States) |

### Special Award

* The World Is Rich (Documentary)