OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Dorpat (1656)

The siege of Dorpat (Swedish: Belägringen av Drept), also known in Russian historiography as the German campaign of Trubetskoy (Russian: Немецкий поход Трубецкого), was a siege of the Swedish castle Dorpat by Russian troops that took place from August to October 1656.

## Prelude

Under the plan of the Russian command, in the campaign of 1656 the main blow was inflicted on Riga, where a large army led by Tsar Alexis advanced from Polotsk . Auxiliary blows were applied from Pskov to Dorpat (Russian: Yuryev) and from Novgorod to Noteburg (Oreshek) and Nyenschanz. The capture of Dorpat was entrusted to the army of Alexey Trubetskoy.
The army of Trubetskoy was quite numerous. On the paper there were 5546 cavalry (3327 nobles, 832 Reiters, 622 Cossacks and 102 Tatars) and about 5,000 infantry (3 Streltsy orders and 4 regiments of the New Order). The garrison of the fortress, commanded by Lars Fleming, consisted of an infantry regiment (448 soldiers in 5 companies), 45 artillerymen and about 100 regular cavalrymen. They were supported by several hundred armed burghers.

## Siege

The main forces of the Russian army approached the fortress in the early days of August. The Swedish garrison actively opposed siege operations, undertaking frequent forays. The fighting was not limited to fighting at the walls of the fortress. The Swedish troops attempted to break through the blockade and conduct reinforcements to Dorpat. The attempt to undermine the walls was not successful, and artillery was also not effective. The best siege guns were sent to the main army near Riga, the quantity and power available was not enough. By this time the main army had already failed at the siege of Riga. On October 23, the Swedish garrison had agreed to an honorable surrender. This was affected by heavy losses from shelling and disease (there were only 140 soldiers left) and the lack of assistance and news from the outside.

## Aftermath

The capture of Yuryev became the greatest success of the Russian army in the war, especially significant against the background of the failure of the main Russian army in the siege of Riga. The city, despite the attempt of the Swedes to retake it, remained in the hands of the Russian troops until the end of the war. Only in 1661 according to the peace treaty the city was returned to Sweden.
# Samuel Barrett

Samuel Alfred Barrett (1879 in Conway, Alaska – 1965) was an anthropologist and linguist who studied Native American peoples.

## Education

Barrett received all three of his degrees from UC Berkeley—B.S. in 1905, M.S. in 1906, and a doctorate in Anthropology, Phonetics, and Ethno-geography 1908.

## Career

From 1903 to 1907, Barrett did fieldwork research in Pomo, Miwok, Maidu, Yokuts, Yuki, and Wintun communities. Barrett's system of naming the languages of the Pomoan group included seven names based on geographical terms: Northern Pomo, Northeastern Pomo, Southern Pomo, Eastern Pomo, Central Pomo, Southeastern Pomo, and Southwest Pomo (now more commonly referred to as Kashaya). This nomenclature has been criticized for suggesting that the various Pomoan languages are dialects of a single language, when they are in fact mutually unintelligible and therefore distinct languages. Following this research, from 1908 to 1909, Barrett worked as an ethnologist on the George G. Heye Expedition, conducting linguistic research with Chachi peoples.
Barrett became a Curator of Anthropology at the Milwaukee Public Museum in Milwaukee from 1909 to 1920. He then held the position of director at this institution until 1940. While working at the Milwaukee Public Museum, Barrett was sent on collecting trips. One of the first of these trips was to Northern Wisconsin where he collected materials from Ojibwe and Menominee communities. In 1911, Barrett collected materials for the museum from Hopi and, from 1914 to 1915, Barrett conducted a collecting trip in Alert Bay with Kwakwaka'wakw communities. In 1915, he conducted another collecting trip within Paiute and Washoe communities. In 1921, he traveled to Browning, Montana and collected materials for the Milwaukee Public Museum from Niitsitapi communities.
From 1953 to 1957, Barrett conducted ethnographic research with Hupa, Yurok, and Karuk peoples. This research was done in connection with Alfred Kroeber.
The final major work of his life was to produce a series of films about the peoples of Northern California such as the Pomo, particularly the Kashaya.

## Works

* Barett, Samuel Alfred (1917). The Washo Indians. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
# Ruddell and Nancy Laconsello

Ruddell and Nancy Laconsello are a husband and wife team of Diné–Zuni jewelers working in lapidary arts, inlay and silver work. Nancy Haloo Laconsello is A:shiwi (Zuni) and was born in 1952; and Ruddell is Diné (Navajo) and was born in 1959.

## Work

Nancy learned lapidary and inlay from her father, Jake Haloo, starting in 1972. The Laconsellos have been making jewelry together since 1976. In general, Nancy does the stone and shell inlay, and Ruddell does the silver-working. They are known for their finely detailed pictorial, channel inlay in stone and shell.

## Collections

Their works can be found in the permanent collection of the British Museum, the National Museum of the American Indian of the Smithsonian Institution, the School for Advanced Research's Indian Arts Research Center Collection, among other venues.
# Nica Burns

Lounica Maureen Patricia "Nica" Burns CBE (born August 1954) is a London theatre producer and co-owner with her business partner Max Weitzenhoffer of the Nimax Theatres group, comprising six West End theatres: the Palace, Lyric, Apollo, Garrick, Vaudeville and Duchess.

## Early life

Nica Burns was born in August 1954, and grew up in Ealing, London. She was educated at Haberdashers' Aske's School for Girls, when it was located in Acton. In 1973, she went to University College London to read for a law degree.

## Career

Following an early career in acting, Burns moved to directing and producing, co-writing and performing in H. E. Bates's Dulcima at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. She has been director and producer of the Edinburgh Comedy Awards (formerly Perrier Awards) from 1984 to the present day.
She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2024 Birthday Honours, both for services to theatre.
At the 2013 Private Business Awards, Burns was awarded Private Businesswoman of the Year.
The Apollo was the centre of a news story on 19 December 2013, when portions of the ceiling collapsed, landing on the audience.

## Personal life

Burns is married to Australian-born finance lawyer Marc Hutchinson, a partner at Slaughter and May, and chairman of the Heath and Hampstead Society since 2014. They met when they were both law students at University College London.
# Xtreme Couture Mixed Martial Arts

Xtreme Couture Mixed Martial Arts is an American mixed martial arts training organization headed by former UFC Champion and former co-founder of Team Quest, Randy Couture. Xtreme Couture was founded with the flagship gym in Las Vegas. Since then, the franchise has spread to other cities in the United States and Canada. Xtreme Couture Las Vegas is one of the largest gyms (over 24,000 square feet (2,200 m$^2$)) and most recognized brands and MMA gyms in the world, where many past and current top MMA fighters train.

## Instructors

The Las Vegas location features several MMA Instructors, including: Ray Sefo (Striking), Neil Melanson (Grappling *catch/sambo/BJJ), Dennis Davis (MMA/Grappling), Tim Lane (Striking/Conditioning), Kui Gonsalves-Kanoho (MMA/Striking), Patrick Begin (Grappling), & Kyle Griffin (Wrestling). Previous coaches included Gil Martinez, Brian Keck and Ron Frazier.
Xtreme Couture's long-time head coach Robert Follis died in December 2017.

## Notable fighters

Several fighters are affiliated with Xtreme Couture, these include:
* Magomed Ankalaev - Current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion
* Sean Strickland - Former UFC Middleweight Champion
* Francis Ngannou - Former UFC Heavyweight Champion
* Jiri Prochazka Former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion
* Miesha Tate - Former Women's Bantamweight Champion (Strikeforce, UFC)
* Randy Couture - (UFC, RINGS)
* Amir Sadollah - (winner of The Ultimate Fighter 7, UFC)
* Evan Dunham (UFC)
* Frank Trigg - (PRIDE Fighting Championships, World Victory Road, Rumble on the Rock, UFC, BAMMA)
* Forrest Griffin - (KOTC, The Ultimate Fighter 1, UFC)
* Vitor Belfort - (UFC)
* Heath Herring - (PRIDE Fighting Championships, UFC)
* Jay Hieron - (IFL, UFC, Strikeforce, Affliction Entertainment, Bellator)
* John Alessio - (UFC, KOTC, PRIDE FC, WEC, Dream, MFC)
* John Gunderson (UFC)
* Martin Kampmann - (UFC)
* Mike Pyle (fighter) - (IFL, Elite Xtreme Combat, World Victory Road, Affliction Entertainment, UFC)
* Ray Sefo - (K-1, Strikeforce)
* Ryan Couture - (UFC, Strikeforce)
* Vinny Magalhaes (The Ultimate Fighter 8, M-1 Global, UFC)
* Kevin Lee (fighter) - (UFC, The Ultimate Fighter: Team Edgar vs. Team Penn)
* Tim Elliott – (UFC, The Ultimate Fighter: Tournament of Champions)
* Justin Jaynes - (UFC)
* Marvin Vettori - (UFC)
* Amir Albazi - (UFC)
* Javid Basharat - (UFC)
* Farid Basharat - (UFC)
* Magomed Ankalaev - (UFC)

## Awards

* MMAjunkie.com
** 2020 Coach of the Year (Eric Nicksick; tied with Tyson Chartier)
** 2021 Gym of the Year
# Zhentou, Liuyang

Zhentou Town (simplified Chinese: 镇头镇; traditional Chinese: 鎮頭鎮; pinyin: Zhèntóu Zhèn) is a rural town in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 57,100 and an area of 158.8 square kilometres (61.3 sq mi). It is bordered to the north by Jiangbei Town, to the east by towns of Puji, Gejia and Guanqiao, to the south by Lusong District and Hetang District of Zhuzhou, and to the west by Baijia Town.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into eight villages and two communities, the following areas:
* Tianping Community (田坪社区)
* Beixing Community (北星社区)
* Gankou Village (干口村)
* Jinpai Village (金牌村)
* Yuelong Village (跃龙村)
* Jiangdong Village (江东村)
* Baishu Village (柏树村)
* Jintian Village (金田村)
* Gantang Village (甘棠村)
* Shuangqiao Village (双桥村)

## Economy

The main industries in and around the town are food processing, vegetables, fruits and animal farming.

## Geography

Liuyang River, more commonly known as the "mother river", flows through the town.
There are two reservoirs within the town: Xianrenzao Reservoir (仙人造水库) and Gantang Reservoir (甘棠水库).
Mountain located adjacent to and visible from the townsite are: Jiziling (鸡子岭).

## Education

There is one middle school and one high school in the town: Zhentou Middle School and Liuyang No. 5 High School, both are public schools.

## Transportation
### Railway

The Shanghai–Kunming railway, from Shanghai to Kunming, through the town.
The Hangzhou–Changsha high-speed railway, which connects Hangzhou and Changsha, runs through the town.

### Expressway

Two expressways run through the town: Liuyang–Liling Expressway and Shanghai–Kunming Expressway.

### Provincial Highway

The Provincial Highway S211 runs southwest to northeast through the town.

## Attractions

Three Tourism development zones located in the town: Zhongfo Temple (钟佛寺), Baibu Isle (百步洲) and Daji (大基).

## Celebrity

* Chen Zhangfu [zh], revolutionary of the Chinese Communist Party.
* Chen Wenxin, biologist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
# Acontista concinna

Acontista concinna is a species of praying mantis in the family Acanthopidae that is native to Ecuador.
# Liwayway Vinzons-Chato

Liwayway Pimentel Vinzons-Chato (born December 31, 1945) is a Filipino lawyer and politician. She was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives, representing the Lone District of Camarines Norte from 2007 to 2010.
A graduate of the University of the Philippines College of Law, Vinzons-Chato served as Commissioner of the Bureau of Internal Revenue during the administration of President Fidel Ramos. In 2001, she was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Philippine Senate under Reporma-LM and the banner of the People Power Coalition allied with President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
In 2007, she ran for representative for Camarines Norte and won. She lost re-election in 2010 when she ran for the newly established 2nd district. She also lost for the same position in 2016 and in 2019.
# Ester Hofvander-Sandberg

Ester Eugenia Hofvander-Sandberg, born February 10, 1888, in Skårby, died October 7, 1967, in Eslöv, was one of Sweden's first female lawyers.
As a lawyer, Ester Hofvander-Sandberg was known to be an energetic and sharp lawyer, and she ran her processes with an iron hand. For her efforts during her professional life, Ester Hofvander-Sandberg was named a member of the first class of the Order of Vasa in November 1955.
# Neutronium

Neutronium (or neutrium, neutrite, or element zero) is a hypothetical substance made purely of neutrons. The word was coined by scientist Andreas von Antropoff in 1926 (before the 1932 discovery of the neutron) for the hypothetical "element of atomic number zero" (with no protons in its nucleus) that he placed at the head of the periodic table (denoted by -). However, the meaning of the term has changed over time, and from the last half of the 20th century onward it has been also used to refer to extremely dense substances resembling the neutron-degenerate matter theorized to exist in the cores of neutron stars.

## In neutron stars

Neutronium is used in popular physics literature to refer to the material present in the cores of neutron stars (stars which are too massive to be supported by electron degeneracy pressure and which collapse into a denser phase of matter). In scientific literature the term "neutron-degenerate matter" or simply neutron matter is used for this material.

## Hypothetical multi-neutrons

The term "neutronium" was coined in 1926 by Andreas von Antropoff for a conjectured form of matter made up of neutrons with no protons or electrons, which he placed as the chemical element of atomic number zero at the head of his new version of the periodic table. It was subsequently placed in the middle of several spiral representations of the periodic system for classifying the chemical elements, such as those of Charles Janet (1928), Edgar Emerson (1944), and John D. Clark (1950).
The term is not used in the scientific literature either for a condensed form of matter, or as an element, and theoretical analysis expects no bound forms of neutrons without protons.

### Scattering resonances with multiple neutrons

The dineutron, containing two neutrons, is not a stable bound particle, but an extremely short-lived resonance state produced by nuclear reactions in the decay of beryllium-16. Evidence reported in 2012 for the resonance was disputed, but new work reportedly clears up the issues.
The dineutron hypothesis had been used in theoretical studies of the structure of exotic nuclei. For example $^{11}$Li is modeled as a dineutron bound to a $^9$Li core. A system made up of only two neutrons is not bound, though the attraction between them is very nearly enough to make them so. This has some consequences on nucleosynthesis and the abundance of the chemical elements.
A trineutron state consisting of three bound neutrons has not been detected, and is not expected to be bound.
A tetraneutron is a hypothetical particle consisting of four bound neutrons. Reports of its existence have not been replicated.
Calculations indicate that the hypothetical pentaneutron state, consisting of a cluster of five neutrons, would not be bound.
# Alrai TV

Alrai TV is a private Kuwaiti satellite TV channel. It was launched in 2004 and it is part of Al Rai Media Group, which publishes Al Rai, a daily newspaper in Kuwait.
It is the first private television channel in Kuwait.
The current head manager is Waleed Al-Jasem.
# Edward Mickolus

Edward Francis Mickolus, Jr. (born December 28, 1950) is an author and counter-terrorism expert, and formerly an officer in the Central Intelligence Agency, from which he retired in 2008. Mickolus is the author or co-author of a number of books on counter-terrorism.

## Personal life

Born to Catherine Teresa (née Lawlor; 1916–1995) and Edward Francis Mickolus (1911–1996), he is of Irish and Lithuanian ethnic descent, and he was raised and is a practicing Catholic.
Mickolus married Susan Schjelderup, daughter of Maria (née Giuliano; 1922–2006) and John Rost Schjelderup (1917–2005), on January 15, 1983.
He is an avid collector of neckties with around 1700 of them.
# Felix Agu

Felix Agu (born 27 September 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Werder Bremen. He has represented Germany internationally at U21 level.

## Club career

In late January 2020, media reported that Agu would move to Bundesliga side Werder Bremen for the 2020–21 season having agreed a four-year contract with the club. With his VfL Osnabrück due to run out, he would join on a free transfer. In early February, the move was officially announced.
Agu made his Bundesliga debut in Werder Bremen's 1–1 draw against Bayern Munich on 21 November 2020, being brought on as a substitute in the 66th minute. He played in midfield instead of his usual full-back position. With first-choice left-back Ludwig Augustinsson sidelined through injury, Agu made his first Bundesliga appearance as a starter in a 2–0 win against FC Augsburg on 16 January 2021. He contributed with his first assist and his first goal in the league.
Agu agreed an extension of his contract with Werder Bremen in February 2022.

## International career

Born in Germany, Agu is of Nigerian descent. He is a youth international for Germany, having appeared for the U21 side.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 8 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | DFB-Pokal | DFB-Pokal | Other | Other | Total | Total | Ref. |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Ref. |
| VfL Osnabrück | 2017–18 | 3. Liga | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | |
| VfL Osnabrück | 2018–19 | 3. Liga | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 2 | |
| VfL Osnabrück | 2019–20 | 2. Bundesliga | 28 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 29 | 0 | |
| VfL Osnabrück | Total | Total | 45 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 2 | — |
| Werder Bremen | 2020–21 | Bundesliga | 15 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 18 | 2 | |
| Werder Bremen | 2021–22 | 2. Bundesliga | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 27 | 0 | |
| Werder Bremen | 2022–23 | Bundesliga | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 0 | |
| Werder Bremen | 2023–24 | Bundesliga | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 24 | 0 | |
| Werder Bremen | 2024–25 | Bundesliga | 13 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 2 | |
| Werder Bremen | Total | Total | 81 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 4 | — |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 126 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 133 | 6 | — |
# Variations on a Theme by Tchaikovsky (Arensky)

Variations on a Theme by Tchaikovsky, Op. 35a, a piece for string orchestra by Anton Arensky, started out as the slow movement of his String Quartet No. 2 in A minor, Op. 35, for the unusual scoring of violin, viola, and 2 cellos. It was written in 1894, the year after the death of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, in a tribute to that composer. It is based on the theme from the song "Legend", the fifth of Tchaikovsky's Sixteen Children's Songs, Op. 54.
Tchaikovsky's song was originally set to a Russian translation by Aleksey Pleshcheyev of a poem in English called "Roses and Thorns" by the American poet Richard Henry Stoddard.
At the first performance of the quartet, the slow movement was so well received that Arensky soon arranged it as a separate piece for string orchestra, Op. 35a, in which form it has remained among the most popular of all Arensky's works.

## Structure

After Tchaikovsky's theme is heard, the piece has seven Variations followed by a Coda, set out as follows (mostly in the key of E minor):
* Theme, Moderato
* Variation I, Un poco più mosso -
* Variation II, Allegro non troppo - Starting with a sudden chord, the theme is heard in the lower strings.
* Variation III, Andantino tranquillo - Now in E major, the theme is taken up by the first violins.
* Variation IV, Vivace - This is a lively movement dominated by the offbeat pizzicato
* Variation V, Andante
* Variation VI, Allegro con spirito
* Variation VII, Andante con moto
* Coda: Moderato - This is a reprise of the theme, with harmonics in the first 2 measures.
# Yuri Guimarães

Yuri Monteverde Guimarães (born 25 July 2003) is a Brazilian artistic gymnast and a member of the Brazilian national gymnastics team.

## Competitive history

| Year | Event | Team | AA | FX | PH | SR | VT | PB | HB |
| Junior ||||||||||
| 2019 | Junior South American Championships | | 5 | | | | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| 2019 | Brazilian Championships | | | | | | | 5 | 5 |
| 2021 |
| 2021 | Junior Pan American Championships | | 7 | | | 7 | | 8 | 4 |
| 2021 | Brazilian Championships (senior) | | 7 | | | | | 7 | |
| 2021 | Junior Pan American Games | | 5 | | | | | | 5 |
| Senior ||||||||||
| 2022 | Brazil Trophy | | | 8 | 6 | 8 | | 7 | 6 |
| 2022 | Brazilian Championships | | | | 12 | 7 | | 6 | 8 |
| 2022 | South American Championships | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 2022 | South American Games | | | 5 | | | 5 | | |
| 2022 | World Championships | 7 | | | | | R2 | | |
| 2023 | DTB Pokal Team Challenge | 9 | | 6 | | | | | |
| 2023 | DTB Pokal Mixed Cup | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | Brazil Trophy | | | 6 | | | | | |
| 2023 | Pan American Championships | | | | 5 | 13 | | 8 | 10 |
| 2023 | Osijek World Challenge Cup | | | 7 | | | 4 | | |
| 2023 | Brazilian Championships | | | 12 | 5 | 7 | | | |
| 2023 | World Championships | 13 | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | Pan American Games | | | 8 | | | 4 | | |
| 2024 | Cairo World Cup | | | R1 | | | | | |
| 2024 | Baku World Cup | | | 6 | | | | | |
| 2024 | Doha World Cup | | | 5 | | | R3 | | |
| 2024 | Brazil Trophy | | | 4 | | | | | 8 |
| 2024 | Brazilian Championships | | | | | | | | |