OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Euan Howard, 4th Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal

Donald Euan Palmer Howard, 4th Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, DL (26 November 1923 – 16 June 2018) was a British Conservative politician.

## Biography

Lord Strathcona was the eldest son of The 3rd Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal and his wife, The Hon. Diana Evelyn Loder, daughter of The 1st Baron Wakehurst. He was educated at King's Mead, Seaford, Eton College, Trinity College, Cambridge, and McGill University, Montreal. He served in the Royal Navy from 1942 to 1947, achieving the rank of Lieutenant.
He succeeded his father in the barony in 1959 and took his seat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords. He served under Edward Heath as a Lord-in-Waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) from June 1973 to January 1974, and briefly as Under-Secretary of State for the Air Force from January to March 1974. After the Conservatives lost power in March 1974 he was Joint Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords between 1976 and 1979. When the Conservatives returned to office in May 1979 under Margaret Thatcher, he was appointed Minister of State at the Ministry of Defence, a post he held until 1981. He lost his seat in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999.

## Marriages and issue

Strathcona married firstly Lady Jane Mary Waldegrave, daughter of The 12th Earl Waldegrave, in 1954. They had two sons and four daughters:
* Hon Jane Elizabeth Stirling Howard (born 23 January 1955)
* Hon Katharine Mary Howard (born 11 September 1956)
* Hon Caroline Anne Howard (born 30 March 1959)
* Donald Alexander Euan Howard (born 24 June 1961), 5th Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
* Hon Andrew Howard (born 17 August 1963)
* Hon Emma Laura Louise Howard (born 17 August 1963)
The marriage ended in divorce in June 1977. Strathcona married secondly Patricia (née Thomas), widow of John Middleton, in February 1978.
He was succeeded to the barony by his eldest son, Donald Alexander Euan Howard, in 2018.
# Sandton Commando

Sandton Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Origin

The Sandton Commando was founded in 1962 as the West Park Commando, one of four English speaking groups in the Johannesburg Area to be formed at that time.

### Operations
#### With the SADF

The unit was renamed the Sandton Commando in 1969 with the establishment and naming of the new suburb. Since 1976 of the Commando volunteered and served with other operational units to combat terrorism.
During this era, the unit was mainly engaged in area force protection, search and cordons as well as other assistance to the local police.
As an urban unit, this commando was also tasked with protecting strategic facilities as well as quelling township riots especially during the State of Emergency in the 1980s.

##### The aardvark emblem

Around 1962 the unit started with training exercises at a property called Mapleton, northwest of the town of Heidelberg. The training area had numerous holes created by aardvarks which made training challenging.

##### Gate guard

A German 50mm PAK anti tank gun was the gate guard in front of the unit headquarters for at least 20 years.

##### Higher Command

Sandton Commando resorted under Group 18.

##### National Colours

On Tuesday 26 April 1994, Sandton Commando laid up its National Colours at the South African National Museum of Military History. The laying up of National Colours followed a decision of the Defence Command Council that this should be done owing to the replacement of the National Flag by a new National Flag on 27 April 1994. The laying up of Colours is, in the life of any unit in possession of Colours, an occasion of supreme historical significance.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

### Unit Insignia
## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
Col George Duxbury
# Amritsar Junction railway station

Amritsar Central Railway Station (station code: ASR) is a railway located in Amritsar district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Amritsar. It is the largest and busiest railway station of Punjab.

## History

The Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway completed the Multan–Lahore–Amritsar line in 1865. The Amritsar–Attari section was completed on the route to Lahore in 1862.
The 78 km (48 mi)-long Amritsar–Khem Karan railway line runs through Tarn Taran and Patti.
A 54 km (34 mi)-long line links Amritsar to Dera Baba Nanak on the bank of the Ravi.
The 107 km (66 mi) Amritsar–Pathankot route runs through Batala and Gurdaspur. The 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge Amritsar–Pathankot line was opened in 1884.

## Overview

The Amritsar railway station is located at an elevation of 233 metres (764 ft) and was assigned the code "ASR." With this, it has become the busiest railway station of the state in terms of passenger movement and train traffic. In the 2016 railway budget, the government has aimed to beautify the railway station as it is the main station of the holy city. The railway station is the first and only with WiFi in the division and CCTV has recently been enabled. In the recent railway budget, it has been mentioned that Amritsar Junction will be improved due to its importance in various fields. The Movement Control Office (MCO) for Armed Forces is also available at PF no 1.
There are ten platforms under use, 1(A), 1(B), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Platform no. 8 is used for freight trains. Platform no. 1(B) is reserved exclusively for freight and passenger trains of Indian Army.

## Electrification

The Phagwara–Jallandhar City–Amritsar sector was electrified in 2003–04.

## Development

Amritsar became the first railway station in the state to be WiFi-enabled. Following this announcement, concerns have been raised regarding the need to increase the station's capacity from the current 6 platforms to 8 platforms, aligning with International Airport standards. This is because it is the most important and busiest railway terminus of the state. Additionally, two more escalators would be installed in the station from Platform 5, as Platform 1 has already two. Platforms 6 and 7 were initiated in January 2018 in response to the substantial passenger movement within the city.

## Upcoming projects

The electrification work is under progress on the Amritsar–Khemkaran line. This is because, a new rail line has been passed by the railways from Patti, Punjab to Ferozpur which will reduce the distance of Amritsar from Ferozpur by 80 km. This will also reduces the distance and save the time to visit Rajasthan and Gujarat from Northern cities.
It has been planned to run Express trains on this route.
In December 2019, it has been announced that Bhagtanwala railway station and Chheharta railway station will be converted into satellite stations. Due to this the burden on Amritsar Junction railway station can be reduced.

## Railway workshop

Amritsar railway workshop carries out a periodic overhaul of WDS-4 locos and breakdown cranes and bogie manufacture.
# Arnold Davis (politician)

Arnold Davis is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Coos 2nd district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.
# The Patrician's Dream

The Patrician's Dream or The Foundation of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome I: The Dream of Patrician John is a 1665 oil on canvas painting by Bartolome Murillo. It has been in the Museo del Prado since 1901.
It originally formed a pair with John the Patrician and his Wife Revealing their Dream to Pope Liberius (also in the Prado), together telling of the story behind the foundation of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, with two small pendents of The Immaculate Conception (Louvre) and The Triumph of the Eucharist (Faringdon collection, Buscot Park). The set was produced for the church of Santa María la Blanca in Seville - originally a synagogue it had been remodelled between 1662 and 1665 to commemorate pope Alexander VII's Apostolic Constitution Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum instituting the feast of the Immaculate Conception. The two main works were looted by Marshal Soult for the Napoleon Museum, before being returned to Spain 1816, upon which they were initially placed in the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
# Slotting fee

A slotting fee, slotting allowance, pay-to-stay, or fixed trade spending is a fee charged to produce companies or manufacturers by supermarket distributors (retailers) in order to have their product placed on their shelves or within their supply chain. The fee varies greatly depending on the product, manufacturer, and market conditions. For a new product, the initial slotting fee may be approximately US$25,000 per item in a regional cluster of stores, but may be as high as US$250,000 in high-demand markets.
In addition to slotting fees, retailers may also charge promotional, advertising and stocking fees. According to a Federal Trade Commission study, the practice is "widespread" in the supermarket industry. Many grocers earn more profit from agreeing to carry a manufacturer's product than they do from actually selling the product to retail consumers. Fees may serve to efficiently allocate scarce retail shelf space, help balance the risk of new product failure between manufacturers and retailers, help manufacturers signal private information about potential success of new products, and serve to widen retail distribution for manufacturers by mitigating retail competition. For vendors, slotting fees may be a move by the grocery industry to profit at their suppliers' expense.
Some companies argue that slotting fees are unethical as they create a barrier to entry for smaller businesses that do not have the cash flow to compete with large companies. The use of slotting fees can, in some instances, lead to abuse by retailers such as in the case where a bakery firm was asked for a six figure fee to carry its items for a specific period with no guarantee its products would be carried in future periods.
The same practice is also common in major bookstore chains in the US, dating from as far back as the mid-nineties.
# Pseudopezicula

Pseudopezicula is a genus of fungi in the family Helotiaceae. Circumscribed by mycologist Richard P. Korf in 1986, the genus contains two species that cause angular leaf scorch disease on grapes.
# 1848 in Sweden

Events from the year 1848 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Oscar I

## Events

* 18-21 March - A series of riots, Marsoroligheterna, takes place in the capital inspired by the Revolutions of 1848
* - The Tales of Ensign Stål is published.
* - The Cause célèbre of Sophie Sager.
* - HDK (school) is established.
* - Cecilia Fryxell open her first school: her schools is to become influential in the education of females.
* - A new type of ferry traffic, with boats propelled by hand-operated paddle wheels instead of boats managed by oars by the Rower woman, are introduced in Stockholm.
* - Banditen : berättelse by August Blanche
* - Catharina Månsdotter by Wilhelmina Stålberg
* - Fänrik Ståls sägner by Johan Ludvig Runeberg
* - Första älskarinnan by August Blanche
* - Hittebarnet by August Blanche

## Births

* 2 May – Harald Hjärne, historian (died 1922)

## Deaths

* 13 February – Sophie von Knorring, writer (born 1797)
* 16 February – Sophie Stebnowska, opera singer and harpsichordist
* 13 March – Johan Niclas Byström, sculptor (born 1783)
* 7 August - Jöns Jacob Berzelius, chemist (born 1779)
* Gustafva Röhl, educator (born 1798)
* Katarina Erlandsdotter textile artist (born 1771)
# March 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

March 7 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 9
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 21 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For March 8th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 23 (February 24 on leap years).

## Saints

* Apostle Hermas of the Seventy, Bishop in Philipopoulis (1st century)
* Martyr Dius (Dion, Dionos), by the sword.
* Martyrs Quinctilian and Capatolinus, at Nicomedia.
* Venerable Dometius, reposed in peace (363)
* Hieromartyr Theodoretus, priest, of Antioch (361-363) (see also: March 3)
* Venerable Paul the Confessor, bishop of Plousias in Bithynia (c. 840) (see also March 7)
* Saint Theophylactus, Bishop of Nicomedia (842)
* Righteous Tarasius the Wonderworker, of Lycaonia. (see also March 9 and May 7)

## Pre-Schism Western saints

* Saint Pontius of Carthage, a Deacon of the Church of Carthage (c. 260)
* Hieromartyr Cyril, a bishop, with martyrs Rogatus, Felix, another Rogatus, Beata, Herenia, Felicitas, Urban, Silvanus and Mamillus, martyrs in North Africa.
* Saint Provinus, Bishop of Como in Italy (c. 420)
* Saint Beoadh (Beatus), Bishop of Ardcarne in Roscommon in Ireland (c. 518)
* Saint Senán mac Geirrcinn (Senames), a monk in Kilmanagh in Ireland (c. 540)
* Saint Felix of Burgundy, Bishop of Dunwich and Enlightener of East Anglia (c. 648)
* Saint Julian of Toledo, Archbishop of Toledo and Confessor (690)
* Saint Humphrey (Hunfrid of Prüm), Bishop of Therouanne in France and was Abbot of St Bertin (871)
* Saint Duthac, Bishop of Ross, patron saint of Tain, Scotland (d. 1065).

## Post-Schism Orthodox saints

* Venerable Saints Lazarus (1391) and Athanasius (15th century), monks of Murman Island, Onega Lake, Republic of Karelia.

### New martyrs and confessors

* New Hieromartyr John Znamensky, Priest (1923)
* Martyr Vladimir Ushkov (1942)
* Saint Andronicus (Lukash), Schema-Archimandrite of Tbilisi, Georgia, Elder of Glinsk Hermitage (1974)
* New Martyr and Confessor John of Sonkajanranta (Johannes (Ivan) Vasileinpoika Karhapää) (1884–1918)
* Saint Liviu Galaction of Cluj, professor in theology at Chernivtsi University, Confessor of the Faith in communist Romania.

## Other commemorations

* “Kursk Root” Icon of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos (“Kurska-Korinna”) (1295)
* Repose of Blessed Basiliscus of Uglich (1863)
* Repose of Archbishop Vitaly (Maximenko) of Eastern America (1960)

## Icon gallery

* New Martyr and Confessor John (Karhapää) of Ilomantsi.
* Kurskaya Korennaya icon
# Owen Coachman House

The Owen Coachman House, also known as the Batts Lane Whaler's Cottage, is located at 1019 Batts Lane in Lower Township of Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The original one-room house was built between 1695 and 1730 in Town Bank along the Delaware Bay. It was moved to its present location off Shunpike Road on Cape Island in 1846 by Owen Coachman, a free Black land owner. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 2005, for its significance in architecture and ethnic heritage.
Restoration work performed on the property in the early 2000s won an award from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for its quality and sensitivity to the historic nature of the house.
# Barry Palmer (politician)

Barry Palmer (December 19, 1939 – September 21, 2023) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the Hillsborough 26th and 32nd district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Barry Palmer attended Notre Dame College.
Palmer served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 2010 to 2012 and again from 2014 to 2016.
Barry Palmer died of cancer on September 21, 2023, at the age of 83.
# Jo Jae-hyeon (cyclist)

Jo Jae-hyeon (born 5 July 1938) is a former South Korean cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# S. N. Arya

Shyam Narayan Arya is an Indian physician, writer and the former National Professor and dean of the College of General practitioners of the Indian Medical Association (IMA_GP). He has published several medical papers and monographs, has contributed chapters to books published by others and has delivered keynote addresses in many medical conferences. He is an alumnus of the Patna Medical College and Hospital of the Patna University and a Fellow of the Indian Association of Clinical Medicine (IACM), where he has served as its National President. He is a recipient of the Dr. B. C. Roy Award, the highest Indian medical award. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2008, for his contributions to medicine.
* India portal
* Medicine portal
# Akarshan

Akarshan is a 1988 Bollywood romantic film directed by Tanvir Ahmed. The film stars Akbar Khan and Sonu Walia in lead roles.

## Cast

* Akbar Khan as Abhishek
* Sonu Walia as Priya
* Sharon Prabhakar
* Rohini Hattangadi as Didi
* Girish Karnad
* Parveen Babi
* Smita Patil
* Deepak Qazir
* Suparna Anand

## Music

Only the song "O Mere Yaar O Mere Pyar" was music by Bappi Lahiri, it was actually for another shelved film, the director has used it in this film.
* "O Mere Yaar O Mere Pyar" –
Kishore Kumar
* "Ae Khuda Yeh Bata, Aisa Hota Hai Kyun" –
Bhupinder Singh
* "Mausam Ka Taqaaza Hai" –
Ajit Singh, Kavita Krishnamurthy
* "Zindagi Waqt Ka Aaina Hai" –
Ajit Singh, Kavita Krishnamurthy
* "Faasla Rahe Na Yeh Aaj Ek Ho Jaaye" –
Kavita Krishnamurthy
# 1852 in Sweden

Events from the year 1852 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Oscar I

## Events

* - Amalia Assur becomes the first female dentist in Sweden.
* - The manufacturer Hästens is established.
* - Kungsportsplatsen is inaugurated.
* - Sophia Posse takes over the Hammarstedtska skolan.

## Births

* 25 April - Fritz Eckert, architect (died 1920)
* 14 December - Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland, prince (died 1854)
* 13 June – Anna Whitlock, social reformer and women's rights activist (died 1930)
* 23 May - Mathilda Grabow, opera singer (soprano) (died 1940)
* 24 November - Helena Munktell, composer (died 1919)

## Deaths

* 25 May - Charlotta Berger, writer (born 1784)
* 18 June - Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland, composer (born 1827)
* Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, politically active salonnière (born 1778)
* Gustav Åbergsson, actor (born 1775)
* Ulrika Åberg, ballerina (born 1771)
* Laura Bergnéhr, actress
* Mor Kerstin i Stämmemand-Kinna, Swedish industrialist (born 1774)
* 3 April - Marie-Louise af Forsell, diarist (born 1812)
# Philomath High School

Philomath High School is a public high school in Philomath, Oregon, United States.

## History
### Clemens Grant

The Clemens Foundation was established in 1958 by Rex and Ethel Clemens, members of the Philomath community who acquired their wealth in the timber industry. The foundation was established to provide funding for Philomath-area schools, including a college scholarship fund set up for graduates of Philomath High School. The controversy surrounding the scholarship was the subject of the documentary Clear Cut: The Story of Philomath, Oregon.

### New construction

In May 2010, a $29.5 million bond was passed to renovate and improve four of the school's older buildings. About $20 million was used for the project. This was the biggest and most expensive project in the school district's history.

## Academics

In 2016, 90.9% of the school's seniors received their high school diplomas.
In 2019, 100% of the school's 119 seniors received their high school diploma.

## Athletics

Philomath High School athletic teams compete in the OSAA 4A-3 Oregon West Conference. The school's athletic director is Mike Hood.
State Championships:
* Boys Basketball: 2002, 2014, 2016
* Band: 2018, 2019
* Boys Soccer: 2012, 2021
* Boys Track and Field: 1972, 2011
* Boys Cross Country: 1993, 2003, 2010, 2019
* Choir: 2017
* Dance/Drill: 1995, 1996
* Football: 1939, 1988
* Girls Basketball: 1986, 1987, 2000, 2022
* Girls Soccer: 2008
* Girls Track and Field: 1990, 1991, 1995, 2010, 2022, 2023, 2024
* Girls Combined (Para athlete) Track and Field: 2024
* Girls Cross Country: 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2001, 2003, 2023, 2024
* Volleyball: 1986
* Wrestling: 1994

## Varsity football scandal

In July 2016, six Philomath High School varsity football players and one coach were cited in connection with “aggravated hazing” incidents at Camp Rilea in Clatsop County. The incidents involved at least 11 alleged victims. The six youths have been cited on charges that, if committed by adults, would constitute the crimes of harassment and assault. All the harassment or attempted harassment charges involve "offensive physical contact with intimate parts," Benton County District Attorney John Haroldson said, adding that the charges are either Class A or Class B misdemeanors.

## Notable alumni

* Erica Bartolina – Olympic pole vaulter
* Terry Boss – former pro goalkeeper and soccer player
* Kevin Boss – former pro football player for the Oakland Raiders and New York Giants
* Tami Maida – the first known quarterback to also become homecoming princess
* Peter Richardson – documentary film director
* Mike Thurman – former pro baseball player for the Montreal Expos and New York Yankees
# Mohamed Zulficar

Mohamed Zulficar (born 4 September 1918, date of death unknown) was an Egyptian Olympic sabre fencer. He competed at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 1951 Mediterranean Games where he won a silver medal in the team sabre event. Zulficar is deceased.
# 1853 in Sweden

Events from the year 1853 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Oscar I

## Events

* The first Telegraphy net are being constructed.
* The first Gasworks in Sweden.
* Street lights by gas lighting are introduced in the capital.
* Coffee brand Gevalia is launched.
* The choir Orphei Drängar is founded.
* The profession of teacher at public primary and elementary schools are opened to both sexes.
* 1853 Stockholm cholera outbreak.

## Births

* 3 January - Sophie Elkan, writer (died 1921)
* 15 February - Edvard Swartz, stage actor (died 1897)
* 20 February - Amanda Röntgen-Maier, violinist and composer (died 1894)
* 17 May - Carolina Östberg, opera singer (died 1924)
* 28 May - Carl Larsson, painter (died 1919)
* 11 June - Alma Åkermark, feminist and editor (died 1933)
* 10 September - Gertrud Adelborg, leading member of the women's rights movement (died 1942)
* - Maria Westberg, ballerina (died 1893)

## Deaths

* - Maria Johanna Görtz, painter (born 1783)
* - Jeanette Wässelius, opera singer (born 1784)
* Sven Erlandsson textile artist (born 1768)