OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Independence of Malaya Party

Part of the Independence of Malaya :
Events :
* Early Malay nationalism
* Kesatuan Melayu Muda
* • Defenders of the Homeland
* Japanese occupation of Malaya
* British Military Administration
* Malayan Union
* All-Malaya Council of Joint Action
* Federation of Malaya
* Sungai Siput incident
* Malayan Emergency
* Federal Legislative Council
* Malayan Forum
* Communities Liaison Committee
* Briggs Plan
* Member System
* 1952 local elections
* 1955 General election
* Baling Talks
* Barnes Report
* Razak Report
* Treaty of London
* Reid Commission
* F. of Malaya Independence Act
* Parti Perikatan
* Merdeka Day
* Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement
* Article 160
* UN Security Council Resolution 125
* Peace Agreement of Hat Yai
Malaysia portal :
vte :
The Independence of Malaya Party (Malay: Parti Kemerdekaan Malaya) was a political party in British-ruled Malaya that stood for political independence. Founded by Onn Ja'afar after he left UMNO in 1951, it opposed the UMNO policy of Malay supremacy

## History

The party were formed on 16 September 1951 at Hotel Majestic (Kuala Lumpur), fast forward from initial date of 22 September. The party received backing from communal leaders, including Tan Cheng Lock, president of Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA).
The party was open to all races of Malaya initially, before being limited after. The party received support mainly from ethnic Indians. The IMP headquarters were in what is now the landmark Sultan Abdul Samad Building.
The IMP contested in the 1952 Kuala Lumpur Municipal Elections in alliance with the Malayan Indian Congress under Dato' Onn and other non-communal organisations. However the 1952 elections proved the MIC's attempt to preach and practise non-communalism would not prevail in Malayan politics when communalism was the winning factor.
The IMP won its only seat in the 1952 municipal elections via Devaki Krishnan. Thus she became the first woman in the country to be elected to public office. In her 1952 election manifesto, she stated, "I will interest myself particularly in the lot of the women of Kuala Lumpur and in extending the programme of social work already carried out by the municipality."
After noticing that support for the party was unfavorable, Onn dissolved the party in 1954 and formed the Parti Negara.

## List of party leaders

President
| # | Name | Took office | Left office | Remarks |
| 1 | Onn Jaafar | 16 September 1951 | 16 March 1954 | |
# St John's Chapel railway station

St John's Chapel railway station served the village of St John's Chapel, County Durham, England, from 1895 to 1965 on the Weardale Railway.

## History

The station opened on 21 October 1895 by the North Eastern Railway. It was situated on the south side of a minor road and included a goods warehouse and several sidings. The station closed to passengers on 29 June 1953. It became a public delivery siding on 2 January 1961 and closed to goods on 1 November 1965. The track was removed in September 1966. John Tom Rumney (Station Master/porter) and his wife Meggie Rumney lived continued to live in Station House next to the demolished station where they raised their sons Ronnie and Maurice Rumney. The house was sold after Meggie's death and extended.
# Turbomeca Arriel

The Turbomeca Arriel is a series of French turboshaft engines that first ran in 1974. Delivering 650 to 1,000 hp (480 to 750 kW), over 12,000 Arriel engines have been produced from 1978 to 2018, logging more than 50 million flight hours for 40 helicopter applications. In June 2018, 1,000 Arriel 2D were in service, powering H125 and H130 single-engine helicopters, having logged one million flight hours since 2011. After endurance tests and fleet data analysis, their TBO increased by 25% to 5,000 hours and mandatory inspection rose to 15 years with no hourly limit, lowering maintenance costs.
The Liming WZ-8 (turboshaft) and Liming WJ-9 (turboprop) are the designations for Turbomeca Arriel production in China. In 2021 Safran opened a production facility in Grand Prairie, Texas for production of Arriel 2E engines, which had previously only been produced in France.

## Applications

* AgustaWestland AW109
* Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin
* Eurocopter AS565 Panther
* Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin
* Eurocopter EC130
* Eurocopter EC145
* Eurocopter EC155
* Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil
* Harbin Z-9
* Harbin Z-19
* Kopter AW09
* MBB/Kawasaki BK 117
* Robinson R88
* Sikorsky S-76

## Specifications (Arriel 1)

Data from FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet.

#### General characteristics

* Type: Turboshaft engine
* Length: 112.2 cm (44.2 in)
* Diameter: 60 cm (24 in)
* Dry weight: 111 kg (245 lb)

#### Components

* Compressor: Single-stage axial plus single-stage centrifugal
* Combustors: Annular combustion chamber
* Turbine: Single-stage power turbine, two-stage gas generator turbine
* Fuel type: Jet A1

#### Performance

* Maximum power output: 681 shp (508 kW)
* Overall pressure ratio: 8:1
* Turbine inlet temperature: 840 °C (1,540 °F)
* Power-to-weight ratio: 5 kilowatts per kilogram (3.0 hp/lb) approx
# Randy Staten

Randolph Wilbert Staten, Sr. (January 24, 1944 – May 29, 2020) was an American politician and football player.
Staten served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1981 to 1987 and was a Democrat. He was the only African-American to be elected to the Minnesota Legislature in 1980. Staten was tried and convicted for writing bad checks and for shoplifting in 1985 and 1987.

## Background

He was previously an American football defensive end. He played for the New York Giants in 1967.
Staten was born in Charlotte, North Carolina and graduated from Second Ward High School in Charlotte in 1962. He received his bachelor's degree in speech and advance communications from University of Minnesota. Staten went to New York University to graduate school for business management. Staten lived in Minneapolis and was a businessman.
He died on May 29, 2020, in Charlotte, North Carolina, at age 76.
# Givat Massuah

Givat Massuah (Hebrew: גבעת משואה, lit. 'Beacon Hill') is a new neighborhood in the southwest outskirts of Jerusalem, overlooking Malha and Emek Lavan Valley. It has a population of 1,100 families, mainly secular and Orthodox Jews. Givat Massuah was established in 1996.
Givat Massuah is built in a modern style and has many parks, trees and playgrounds. Services offered in Givat Massuah include a grocery store, barber shop, bakery, two medical centers, several kindergartens, elementary school, three Orthodox synagogues, a Bnei Akiva and Scouting branch.

## History

The planning of the neighbourhood began in 1974 by the Ministry of Housing as part of a five-year plan to add 30,000 housing units in Jerusalem. After the plan prioritized development in northern Jerusalem, including the establishment of the Pisgat Ze'ev neighbourhood, the construction of this neighbourhood was postponed. Actual construction began in the early 1990s.
In 2012, the National Housing Committee (Va’adat Diyur Leumi) for the Jerusalem District approved the "Moradot Meso'a" plan, which proposed building 490 housing units in the area between Givat Massuah and the Biblical Zoo, near the zoo’s fence. An expert opinion submitted on behalf of the zoo warned that construction could endanger the animals due to lighting, noise, and pollution. Opponents of the plan also provided expert opinions highlighting various risks to the physical and mental well-being of the zoo’s residents. In April 2017, the Jerusalem District Court rejected the construction plan due to potential harm to the animals’ living conditions.
In 2015, the film Abulele was filmed in the neighbourhood.
In May 2019, the Jerusalem Local Planning and Building Committee approved a plan to build 706 housing units in 21 buildings, one of which was planned to be 31 stories tall, on the neighbourhood’s last available land reserves in its northern section.
# Kevin Serna

Kevin Steven Serna Jaramillo (born 22 December 1997) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a forward for Fluminense in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.
He began his professional career with Sportivo Luqueño in the Paraguayan Primera División before playing in Peru for Los Chankas, ADT and Alianza Lima, the latter two in the Peruvian Primera División. In July 2024 he signed for Fluminense.

## Club career
### Early career

Born in Popayán, Cauca Department, Serna began his career in the youth ranks of Deportes Tolima. He went to Portugal to trial at FC Porto, signing a contract to play in their youth teams.
In early 2019, Serna began his senior career at Sportivo Luqueño in the Paraguayan Primera División. He debuted on 16 April as a 74th-minute substitute for Hernán Rivero in a 2–0 loss away to Club Olimpia. In his next game on 3 November, he scored the only goal of a home win against the same opponents; his team were bottom of the table and their opponents at the top.

### Peru

In 2021, Serna joined Club Cultural Santa Rosa, later renamed Club Deportivo Los Chankas, in the Peruvian Segunda División. His ten goals in 22 games contributed to a promotion to the Peruvian Primera División. He played the next season in the top flight at Asociación Deportiva Tarma, scoring 15 goals over two seasons. On 21 August 2022 he scored a late equaliser in a 1–1 home draw with Club Universitario de Deportes and roughly a year later he assisted the first goal and scored the second in a 2–0 win over the same opponents.
At the end of October 2023, Serna signed for Club Alianza Lima. He scored his first goal for the club and first in continental competition on 3 April 2024, opening a 1–1 home draw with reigning champions Fluminense in the first group game of the Copa Libertadores.

### Fluminense

On 22 July 2024, Serna signed for Fluminense until the end of 2027, paying US$1.8 million to obtain 70% of his economic rights. He made his debut in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A two days later, as a half-time substitute for Marquinhos and assisted the only goal by compatriot Jhon Arias in a home win over Palmeiras. On 24 August, he scored his first goal to open a 2–0 win away to Atlético Mineiro.

## International career

In December 2023, Serna said he was in the process of acquiring Peruvian nationality to play on the Peru national football team. The following month, his naturalisation was completed as he met the requirement of three years' residence, though he would not be able to play for the team for two more years due to FIFA's minimum of five years' residence.
# Robert J. Ferderer

Robert Joel Ferderer Sr. (June 3, 1934 – December 30, 2009) was an American politician and businessman.
Ferderer was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and graduated from Johnson High School in Saint Paul. He lived in Saint Paul with his wife and family. He received his bachelor's degree in political science and his master's degree in counseling and psychology from the University of St. Thomas. Ferderer also took courses in theology and spirituality from St. Catherine University. He also took graduate courses at the University of Minnesota. Ferderer worked for 3M and was a marketing communications director. Ferderer served on several Minnesota Government Commissions involving crime prevention, law enforcement, national and community service, and medical practice. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1973 and 1974 and was a Republican. Ferderer died from complications due to Parkinson's disease at the Woodlyn Heights Health Care Center in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota.
# Khotinsky Uyezd

Khotinsky County (Russian: Хотинский уезд, romanized: Khotinsky Uyezd) was an uezd, one of the subdivisions of the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Khotyn (Khotin).

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Khotinsky Uyezd had a population of 307,532. Of these, 53.2% spoke Ukrainian, 23.8% Moldovan and Romanian, 15.6% Yiddish, 5.8% Russian, 0.7% Polish, 0.5% Belarusian and 0.2% German as their native language.
# MoonRise

MoonRise was a robotic mission concept to the south pole of the Moon. It was proposed in 2010 and 2017 for NASA's New Frontiers program mission 3 and 4, respectively, but it was not selected. If funded and launched by another NASA opportunity, it would focus on the giant South Pole–Aitken basin (SPA basin) on the far side of the Moon between the Moon's South Pole and Aitken Crater, 16° south of the Moon's equator. This basin measures nearly 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) in diameter and 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) in depth. This region is the oldest and deepest observable impact basin on the Moon and provides a window into the deep crust of the Moon and its history as a result. The basin is also among the largest recognized impact structures in the Solar System.
MoonRise was not selected for the third New Frontiers program mission 3, losing out to the OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission, and it lost again in the 2017 competition for New Frontiers program mission 4. In February 2025, the recommended mission themes for New Frontiers program mission 5 were revised, with the SPA basin lunar sample return concept proposed to no longer be eligible.

## Science objectives

MoonRise has the following objectives:
* Determine the impact chronology of the SPA basin
* Investigate processes associated with the formation of large impact basins
* Investigate the materials excavated from the deeper crust, and possibly the mantle, of the Moon within the SPA basin
* Determine rock types, distribution of thorium, and implications for the Moon's thermal evolution
* Sample and analyze basaltic rock and volcanic glass, which record the composition and chemical evolution of the Moon's far-side mantle beneath the SPA basin

## Future prospects

MoonRise received Phase A funding out of the New Frontiers program. The study was one of three concepts to get US$3.3 million funding in 2010 to further develop the mission for the final selection, which was a US$650 million mission to launch in the late 2010s. The three semi-finalists were MoonRise, the OSIRIS-REx sample return mission, and the Venus In Situ Explorer mission.
Although MoonRise was passed over in favor of OSIRIS-REx in the 2011 selection, a South Pole–Aitken basin sample return mission had been part of the 2013–2022 Planetary Science Decadal Survey's recommendation for potential New Frontiers mission 5, and NASA's Planetary Science Division has expressed support for the Decadal Survey's recommendations. In February 2025, given the aging of the 2013–2022 Decadal Survey, the recommended mission themes for the fifth New Frontiers mission were revised, with the SPA basin lunar sample return concept proposed to no longer be eligible. The successor to the 2013–2022 Decadal Survey, the 2023–2032 Decadal Survey, continued to endorse the SPA sample return concept but recommended it be considered by NASA's Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program rather than New Frontiers.
# Dorcadion scabricolle

Dorcadion scabricolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Wilhelm Dalman in 1817. It is known from Azerbaijan, Iran, Armenia, and Turkey.

## Name

Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle (Dalman, 1817): 174 Type locality. Georgia – according to the original description. Distribution. About whole Transcaucasia (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan), about whole Turkey (without European part), north-west half of Iran (southwards to about 36°).
Dorcadion (Cribridorcadion) scabricolle scabricolle (Dalman, 1817) Distribution. Georgia, Kura River valley and southwards: Mtskheta environs; Tbilisi: Hudadovsky Forest and Tbilisi, Botanical Garden; Rustavi environs; Aspindza; Dmanisi, Kizylkilisa; Shaumyani; North Armenia: Bagratashen environs; North-West Azerbaijan, Akstafa distr., Poylu village, Kura River valley.

## Subspecies

* Dorcadion scabricolle alucranum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle apakoyense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle araxense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle artsakhense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle babakkalense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle balikesirense Breuning, 1962
* Dorcadion scabricolle buzgoviense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle caramanicum Daniel, 1903
* Dorcadion scabricolle crassofasciatum Özdikmen, 2013
* Dorcadion scabricolle gazii Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle gegarkunicum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle gilanense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle hajdajorum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle inonuense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle korbianum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle lazistanum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle nakhicevanum Danilevsky, 1999
* Dorcadion scabricolle paiz Danilevsky, 1999
* Dorcadion scabricolle paphlagonicum Breuning, 1962
* Dorcadion scabricolle pseudosevangense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle sagezense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle sahandum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle salhanum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle scabricolle Dalman, 1817
* Dorcadion scabricolle sevangense Reitter, 1889
* Dorcadion scabricolle shakhbuzum Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle shirakense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle skoupyi Lazarev, 2013
* Dorcadion scabricolle tavushense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle tekhense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle tuzovi Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle uludaghicum Breuning, 1970
* Dorcadion scabricolle vaykense Lazarev, 2020
* Dorcadion scabricolle yahyaliense Bernhauer & Peks, 2011
# Ronald Everson

Ronald Albin Everson (July 8, 1930 – November 21, 2024) was an American politician in the state of Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1961 to 1971. He was an automobile dealer. Everson died in North Oaks, Minnesota, on November 21, 2024, at the age of 94.
# Greatest Hits (Wilson Phillips album)

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Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by American vocal recording group Wilson Phillips, released on May 23, 2000, via SBK Records and Capitol Records and I.R.S. Records in Europe. Greatest Hits was the group's first official compilation album, although budget compilations had been released previously. The group broke up in early 1993 following member Chynna Phillips' departure. The liner notes for the album features track-by-track commentaries by sisters Carnie Wilson and Wendy Wilson.
The compilation album includes all eight singles from their first two studio albums Wilson Phillips (1990) and Shadows and Light (1992) and their 1991 cover of Elton John's "Daniel", which had success on adult contemporary radio despite not being a single. Most of the tracks are featured in their single edits, which had not been included yet on a Wilson Phillips album. It also includes solo material from both Chynna Phillips and Carnie and Wendy Wilson's group with their father, Brian Wilson, the Wilsons.
# John Marmion, 3rd Baron Marmion of Winteringham

John Marmion, Baron Marmion of Winteringham was an Anglo-Norman baron who represented Lincolnshire in Parliament and fought in the Wars of Scottish Independence.

## Ancestry

Marmion was the son of William Marmion, 2nd Baron Marmion of Winteringham and his wife Lorette, daughter of Richard FitzRoy and granddaughter of King John.

## Career and life

In 1276 Marmion paid homage to the Abbot of Peterborough who granted him his father's lands. He was distrained for knighthood in 1278.
Marmion served repeatedly in the Scottish War from 1291 to 1322.
Marmion was summoned to the king's councils on 8 June 1294, 26 January 1297 and from 26 July 1313 to 14 March 1322 and as a Knight of the Shire for Lincolnshire to York on 25 May 1298.
During the turbulence of 1314 that saw growing friction between Edward II, Piers Gaveston and Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster and his large private army, Marmion became involved in trouble for reasons not immediately obvious. An arrest warrant was issued for both John and his son John Marmion who led a group of dozens of men on a raid upon Fountains Abbey's land at Aldeburgh and Balderby, Yorkshire. Timber, two hundred sheep, fifty oxen and four carts were stolen and the abbot's servants suffered kidnapping, beatings, cuts and had their beards plucked out. The abbot and his monks may not have been entirely innocent having themselves been accused of violent assault in 1307 and of stealing deer in 1316.
The dispute seems to have been overtaken by events and after the disastrous Battle of Bannockburn Marmion was summoned to defend the north against the rampant Scots. Forgiveness was forthcoming and on 24 September 1314 he was granted licence to crenellate his mansion "the Hermitage" in his wood at Tanfield.
The king ordered Marmion to not go to the Earl of Lancaster's meeting of good peers on 29 November 1321. He was then ordered to bring his forces to Coventry on 28 February 1322 to march against the Earl's adherents. This culminated in the Battle of Boroughbridge on 16 March 1322.
Marmion likely died at the battle, or shortly after, as on 7 May 1322 an inquisition post-mortem was held to assess his estates in Yorkshire which established that he owned West Tanfield, Wath, Langeton and Wirton manors, and one knight's fee in Exelby. A second inquisition found he owned Quinton, Gloucestershire, Berwick and Wingeton in Sussex, Luddington and Castre in Northamptonshire and Willingham and Winteringham in Lincolnshire.
In addition to his manors, Marmion also held four knight's fees at Wintringham and Wolingham, one at Keisby and a 1/4 at Trickingham and Stowe.

## Family and descendants

Marmion married Isabella (perhaps Peck?) and had a son John Marmion, who died in 1335. Another son may have been Richard Marmion who was accused of cutting William Gentyl's right hand off at Gunthorpe, Lincolnshire in 1317.
# 1991 in Sweden

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1991 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf
* Prime Minister – Ingvar Carlsson, succeeded by Carl Bildt

## Events

* 15 September – 1991 Swedish general election and 1991 Swedish municipal elections
* The Djurö National Park was established

## Popular culture
### Film

* 11 February – The 26th Guldbagge Awards were presented

## Births

* 24 January – Andreas Forsström, professional ice hockey player
* 13 February – Pontus Jansson, football player
* 22 February – Tobias Ludvigsson, cyclist
* 30 March – AronChupa, rapper, singer, songwriter, DJ and record producer
* 21 April – Kenza Zouiten, fashion model
* 24 April – Elisa Lindström, singer
* 26 April – Adrian Granat, professional boxer
* 11 May – Marcus Rohdén, football player
* 29 May – Oskar Eriksson, curler, Olympic medalist 2014
* 29 May – Tom Ljungman, actor
* 19 June – Pontus Ekhem, hockey player
* 6 July – Klas Dahlbeck, ice hockey player
* 9 July – Clara Mae, singer
* 7 November – Felix Rosenqvist, racing driver
* 11 December – Anna Bergendahl, singer

## Deaths

* 26 January – Hans Strååt, film actor (born 1917)
* 27 January – Leif Wikström, sailor, Olympic champion 1956 (born 1918)
* 15 February – Birger Malmsten, actor (born 1920)
* 13 March – Göran Strindberg, cinematographer (born 1917)
* 8 April – Per Yngve Ohlin, known as "Dead", rock musician (born 1969)
* 26 April – Lars Hall, modern pentathlete, Olympic champion 1952 and 1956 (born 1927).
* 17 May – Göthe Grefbo, actor (born 1921)
* 5 June – Carl-Erik Holmberg, football player (born 1906)
* 30 June – Curt Weibull, cyclist (born 1907).
* 5 July – Sandro Key-Åberg, writer (born 1922).
* 30 September – Sven Barthel, journalist (born 1903)
* 9 November – Hans Liljedahl, sport shooter, Olympic medalist 1952 (born 1913).
* 10 November – Gunnar Gren, footballer (born 1920).
* 10 November – Curt Weibull, historian (born 1886)
* 16 November – Gustav Wetterström, football player (born 1911)

### Full date missing

* Olle Hansson, cross country skier (born 1904)
* Torsten Löwgren, painter (born 1903)
* Åke Åkerström, archaeologist (born 1902)