OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rivière Noire District

Rivière Noire (Mauritian Creole pronunciation:) or Black River is a district on the western side of the island of Mauritius. Rivière Noire translates to Black River. This region receives less rainfall than the others. The district has an area of 259 square kilometres (100 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 80,939 as of 31 December 2015. It is the third largest district of Mauritius in area, but the smallest in terms of population. The district is mostly rural, but it also include the western part of the city of Port Louis and western part of Quatre Bornes.

## Places of interest

Famous areas include Tamarin Falls and the Chamarel coloured earth. The name Black River derives from the fact that it is the driest district of the island. Flic en Flac is one of the most beautiful beaches on the island, and the longest. It is known for its natural beauty.

## Mission Blue Hope Spot

In 2019, Mauritius recognised one of its new Hope Spots, the Black River District Hope Spot, in support of unifying the local marine conservation community.
Hope Spots were pioneered by Dr. Sylvia Alice Earle, an American marine biologist, oceanographer, explorer, author, and lecturer. Earle is part of the group Ocean Elders, which is dedicated to protecting the ocean and its wildlife.
The Hope Spot represents a commitment to protecting and caring for a culturally important and biodiverse region like the coastal region of Black River in Mauritius. Hope Spots are ecologically unique areas of the ocean designated for protection under a global conservation campaign. An Actionable Plan to Save the Earth's Oceans is overseen by Mission Blue (Sylvia Earle) a non-profit organization founded by Sylvia Earle per her 2009 TED prize wish.

## Places

The Rivière Noire District includes different regions; however, some regions are further divided into different suburbs.
* Albion
* Bambous
* Cascavelle (Eastern part in Plaines Wilhems District)
* Case Noyale
* Chamarel (Eastern part in Savanne District)
* Flic-en-Flac
* Grande-Rivière-Noire
* Gros-Cailloux
* La Gaulette
* Le Morne
* Petite-Rivière
* Port Louis (West)
* Quatre Bornes (West)
* Richelieu
* Tamarin

## Education

Schools:
* École maternelle et primaire Paul et Virginie, a French international school, is in Tamarin.
* La Gaulette State Secondary School, a state school providing co-education in La Gaulette Village
# Mark Dingemanse

Mark Dingemanse (Middelburg, Zeeland, the Netherlands, 1983) is a Dutch linguist and an Africanist. He is an associate professor in Language and Communication at the Centre for Language Studies of Radboud University Nijmegen. Dingemanse obtained a MA degree in African Languages and Cultures at Leiden University in 2006, and a PhD degree in arts in 2011 at Radboud University Nijmegen. He is also a Senior Investigator in the Multimodal Language and Cognition research group at the Nijmegen Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. Dingemanse performed linguistic fieldwork in eastern Ghana and did comparative research on various languages. He is principal investigator of the research programme Elementary Particles of Conversation, on the small words in everyday language. He and several other researchers were awarded an Ig Nobel Prize for their work on the presense of the word "huh" in all human languages. The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences awarded Dingemanse a Heineken Young Scientists Award in 2020.

## Publications

Dingemanse published many scholarly papers, including:
* The body in Yoruba : a linguistic study, MA Thesis, Leiden University, [Leiden], 2006.
* The meaning and use of ideophones in Siwu, PhD thesis, Radboud University Nijmegen, 24 October 2011.
* with Majid, Asifa: The semantic structure of sensory vocabulary in an African language, in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Vol. 34 (CogSci2012), eScholarship, University of California, 2012, pp. 300–306.
* with Francisco Torreira, and N. J. Enfield: Is "Huh?" a Universal Word? Conversational Infrastructure and the Convergent Evolution of Linguistic Items, PLOS One, 2013.
* with Liesenfeld, A.: From text to talk: Harnessing conversational corpora for humane and diversity-aware language technology, in Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), 5614–5633, 2022, doi: 10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.385.
* with Heesen, R., et al.: Coordinating social action: A primer for the cross-species investigation of communicative repair, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377(1859), 2022. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0110.
# Berlin Brandenburger Tor station

Berlin Brandenburger Tor station (German: Bahnhof Berlin Brandenburger Tor) is an underground railway station in the central Mitte district of Berlin, Germany, located on the Unter den Linden boulevard near Hotel Adlon, Pariser Platz and Brandenburg Gate. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn and U-Bahn, as well as local bus lines. The station was known as Berlin Unter den Linden from 1936–2009.

## Overview

The station opened on 27 July 1936 in the course of the building of the Nord-Süd Bahn tunnel. Train service discontinued on 21 April 1945 and could not be resumed until 2 December 1946 as the tunnel was flooded. The station was again closed with the construction of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961 and for decades became one of Berlin's ghost stations, as while both terminals of the Nord-Süd railway line were located in West Berlin, the station itself was located in the East. Unter den Linden later reopened on 1 September 1990, one month before the German reunification.
On completion of the new U55 line of the Berlin U-Bahn from Berlin Hauptbahnhof, the U-bahn station started operations as its temporary southern terminus and as an interchange with the Nord Süd S-Bahn lines. Both the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn station were renamed Brandenburger Tor in 2009 to distinguish them from Unter den Linden U-Bahn station at the junction of Unter den Linden with the Friedrichstraße. The U5 line through the station to the east opened on 4 December 2020.

## Gallery

* Unter den Linden station sign in 2007
* View of the S-Bahn station
* Platform of the U-Bahn station (U5)
* U-Bahn station - empty track to Alexanderplatz (December 2011)
* Signboards with new and old station names (S-Bahn)
# Thomas Cullwick

Thomas Cartwright Cullwick (5 March 1862 – 8 September 1948) was a priest who worked as a missionary for the Anglican Church in Melanesia and then held several incumbencies in New Zealand.
Cullwick was born at Hadley, Shropshire. He was ordained deacon in 1886, and priest in 1889. He was a missionary on Banks Island from 1887 to 1902 when he became Archdeacon of Southern Melanesia, a post he held until 1906. He was then on Norfolk Island from 1906 to 1913. He then served in New Zealand, holding posts at Waipawa, Hawkes Bay, Takapau, Te Rehunga and Ormondville. He is buried in Dannevirke on New Zealand's North Island.
# Mary Green (sprinter)

Josephine Mary Green (née Tagg; 10 November 1943 – 7 April 2022) was a British sprinter who competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Tagg finished third behind Joy Grieveson in the 440 yards event at the 1963 WAAA Championships. Tagg married Andrew Green in late 1965 and competed under her married name thereafter.
Green did not medal again in the WAAA Championships until finishing second behind Lillian Board in the 440 yards event at the 1967 WAAA Championships.
At the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, she represented Great Britain in the women's 400 metres competition.
She died in April 2022, at the age of 78.

## Family

Green was originally from Norfolk. Her brother, Mike Tagg, was also an athlete and represented Great Britain at the same Olympics.
# Maud Simonnot

Maud Simonnot (born 1979) is a French writer and editor.

## Biography

She was born in Semur-en-Auxois in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
She is the author of several acclaimed books, including works of fiction and non-fiction.
* La nuit pour adresse (Gallimard, 2017) - a life of the publisher Robert McAlmon, winner of the Prix Valery Larbaud
* L'Enfant céleste (novel), nominated for the Prix Goncourt des lycéens 2020
* L'Heure des oiseaux (novel), winner of the EU Prize for Literature.
In June 2023, she left Gallimard to join Éditions du Seuil. She became the director of French fiction.
At the beginning of 2025, she launched a new collection, Le Bar de la Sirène.
# Agelena babai

Agelena babai is a species of spider in the family Agelenidae, which contains at least 1,315 species of funnel-web spiders as of August 2021. It was described by Akio Tanikawa in 2005. It is endemic to Japan.
# Kitl

Kitl or KITL may refer to:
* Kittel, a Jewish ritual garment
* Stem cell factor, or KIT ligand
* KZTN-LD, a low-power television station (channel 20) licensed to serve Boise, Idaho, United States, which held the call sign KITL-LP or KITL-LD from 2002 to 2013
# Sport touring motorcycle

A sport touring motorcycle (sometimes a "sports tourer") is a type of motorcycle that combines the performance of a sport bike with the long-distance capabilities and comfort of a touring motorcycle.
The first sport tourer is said to be the fully faired 1977 BMW R100RS. Journalist Peter Egan defines the sport tourer as a "café racer that doesn't hurt your wrists and a touring bike that doesn't feel like a tank," and identified the R100RS as the first example he owned.
Unlike a sport model, a sport touring model will typically have more wind protection with larger fairings and an adjustable windscreen, a transmission with lower gearing, a shaft drive instead of chain drive, side and/or rear pannier storage systems, a larger alternator for more accessories, heated handlebar grips, remotely adjustable headlights, a larger fuel tank for increased range, and a more upright seating position. Unlike a full touring model, a sport tourer will typically have more ride height ground clearance for better cornering, less stowage, lower weight, a less relaxed seating position, less room for the rear passenger, and higher overall performance.
When designing a sport tourer, some manufacturers make economies by using an existing engine, technology and tooling from their recent sport bikes, rather than creating a dedicated engine design from scratch. Sport tourer engines could be differently-tuned versions of their sport bike siblings, the emphasis becoming mid-range torque rather than peak horsepower. This often includes a different cylinder head and exhaust system. For example, the Triumph Sprint motorcycle shared its engine with the Daytona, Speed Triple, and Tiger models; the Kawasaki 1400GTR/Concours 14 shares the basic engine with the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14; and Ducati's ST4 sport tourer used the 916's engine; the Aprilia RST1000 Futura used a differently-tuned engine from the Aprilia RSV Mille sport bike. As consumer expectations changed, some sport bikes were redefined (for marketing purposes) as sport touring bikes, for example, the 2000 Kawasaki ZX-6R sportbike became the 2004 ZZR600 with just a change to a fairing bracket.
Rider magazine noted in 2013 that the line between sportbikes and touring motorcycles was becoming blurred "with [touring] horsepower rising higher and higher and lists of standard [sportbike] features growing longer and longer".
# Dhakal

Dhakal (Nepali: ढकाल pronounced) is a Bahun (बाहुन)/Kshetri(क्षेत्री) surname found in Nepal and in some parts of India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim). They are pahari people and of Indo-Aryan origin.
The Dhakals are believed to be the direct descendants of Rishi or sage Upamanyu, who is in turn believed to be descended from Rishi Vasishta. They are believed to have originated from a place called Dhapuk in the Achham District. The Sikkimese Dhakals were settled in lower parts of kingdom of Sikkim and later migrated towards the capital for the purpose of rearing cattle. Dhakals from mid-western Nepal migrated towards the east including Syanja, Gorkha, and all the way to eastern Nepal. Dhakals were engaged in priestly and astrological works done by Bahun priests in the Kingdom of Gorkha. Astrologer Kulananda Dhakal used to counsel King Prithvi Narayan Shah before war. Yaku of Bhojpur is known as the Birta of Dhakal; Syanja, Terathum, Bhojpur, and Gorkha are famous places from which many Dhakals have emerged.

## Culture

The culture is a part the traditional Nepali-Hinduism Brahmin caste.

## Notable people

* Baburam Dhakal (born 1979), Nepalese film director
* Biswas Dhakal (born 1981), Nepalese entrepreneur
* Ek Nath Dhakal (born 1974), politician
* Hari Dhakal, (born 1981) member of the House of Representatives 2022
* Janardan Dhakal, from Rasuwa, Nepalese politician
* Kulananda Dhakal, chief priest and astrologer of the 18th-century ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah
* Ram Krishna Dhakal (born 1974), singer
* Ramnath Dhakal (1962-2015), Nepalese politician
* Rishi Dhakal, US based Nepalese businessman, honorary Consul General California United States of America
* Sagar Dhakal, Nepalese cricketer
* Shobhakar Dhakal, Head of Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Change at AIT, Thailand
* Shyam Dhakal, (born 1981) alpine skier from Nepal.
# Maria Natalia Londa

Maria Natalia Londa (born 29 October 1990 in Denpasar) is an Indonesian track and field athlete who competes in the long jump and triple jump. She represented Indonesia at the World Championships in Athletics in 2007 and has appeared once at the Asian Games (2014). She won the gold medal at the 2014 Asian Games in the long jump. She also won two gold medals at the 2013 SEA Games and two gold medals at the 2015 SEA Games.
She competed for Indonesia in the long jump at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She placed 23rd in the qualifying round and did not advance to the finals. She was the flagbearer for Indonesia during the Parade of Nations.
# Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of California

Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of Cal., 405 U.S. 251 (1972), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that Section 4 of the Clayton Antitrust Act does not authorize a U.S. state to sue for damages for an injury to its general economy allegedly attributable to a violation of the United States antitrust law.
# Ince (surname)

Ince is an English toponymic surname, from Ince in Cheshire or one of two places historically in Lancashire (now known as Ince Blundell and Ince-in-Makerfield). Meanwhile, İnce is a Turkish surname (Turkish pronunciation:). The name may refer to:
* Ada Ince (1913–1975), American film actress
* Basil Ince (born 1933), Trinidadian sprinter
* Cem Ince (born 1993), German politician
* Clayton Ince (born 1972), Trinidadian football player
* Edward Lindsay Ince (1891–1941), English mathematician
* Sir Godfrey Ince (1891–1960), British civil servant
* Harry Ince (1893–1978), Barbadian cricketer
* Henry Ince (1736–1808), British Army officer
* Henry Bret Ince (1830–1889), British businessman, writer and politician
* İzzet İnce (born 1981), Turkish weightlifter
* James Ince (born 1970), American NASCAR crew chief
* John Ince, people of the same name:
** John F. Ince, American author and business journalist
** John Ince (Australian politician) (c. 1831–1897), member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
** John Ince (actor) (1878–1947), American stage and motion picture actor and film director
** John Ince (author) (born 1952), Canadian author, lawyer, entrepreneur and activist
** John Ince (footballer) (1908–1968), English footballer
** John Ince (missionary) (1795–1825), British Protestant missionary
* Joseph Murray Ince (1806–1859), Welsh painter
* Kaan İnce (1970–1992), Turkish writer and poet
* Kamran Ince (born 1960), Turkish-American composer
* Muharrem İnce (born 1964), Turkish politician
* Ola Ince, British theatre director
* Paul Ince (born 1967), English football player
* Robin Ince (born 1969), English comedian
* Ralph Ince (1887–1937), American film actor and director
* Rohan Ince (born 1992), English football player
* Sabit İnce (born 1934), Turkish poet
* Steve Ince (born 1958), award-winning British video games designer
* Thomas Ince, people of the same name:
** Tom Ince (born 1992), English football player, son of Paul Ince
** Thomas H. Ince (1880–1924), American silent film actor and director
* Tony Ince (born 1958), Canadian politician
* William Ince, people of the same name:
** William Ince (cabinet maker) (1737–1804), British cabinetmaker
** William Ince (theologian) (1825–1910), British theologian
** William Ince (MP) (died 1679), MP for Chester, 1660–1661
# George Ross Smith

George Ross Smith (May 28, 1864 – November 7, 1952) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota.

## Early life and education

He was born in St. Cloud, Stearns County, Minnesota; attended the public schools and Sauk Centre (Minnesota) Academy; was graduated from the law school of the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis in 1893.

## Legal career

He was admitted to the bar in 1893 and commenced practice in Minneapolis. He became a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1903, and was a judge of the probate court of Hennepin County, Minnesota from 1907 to 1913.

## Political career

He elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third and Sixty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1917); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1916 to the Sixty-fifth Congress; resumed the practice of law and taught law classes at Minneapolis-Minnesota Law School.

## Death

He died in Minneapolis on November 7, 1952, and was buried at St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery.
# Three Upbuilding Discourses (1843)

Three Upbuilding Discourses is a book by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard that was published in 1843. In this work, Kierkegaard continues his exploration of the distinction between externalities and inwardness, shifting the focus from the inwardness of faith to that of love.

## Structure

The Three Discourses are:
* "Love Will Hide a Multitude of Sins"
* "Love Will Hide a Multitude of Sins"
* "Strengthening in the Inner Being"

## "Love Will Hide a Multitude of Sins"

Kierkegaard's believes that love never becomes something else because of external circumstances. He discusses “how love hides a multitude of sins”.

## "Love Will Hide a Multitude of Sins"

Kierkegaard says love is no dream or mood or the kind of self-love that only thinks of love in relation to itself. Kierkegaard uses the Socratic method to question himself in relation to love and advises everyone to do the same.
Kierkegaard continued his discourse on love in his 1847 book, Works of Love.

## "Strengthening in the Inner Being"

Kierkegaard discusses the “main concern of life” in this discourse.
He begins with Paul the Apostle in Rome as a prisoner.
Kierkegaard asks three questions:
* Can prosperity serve for strengthening the inner being?
* Can fortune or misfortune serve for strengthening the inner being?
* Can adversity serve for strengthening the inner being?

## Criticism

An author 90 years later related the Discourses to Kierkegaard's other works.
   Since the pseudonymous works are in the form of “indirect communication,” they stand in need of interpretation, and the Discourses, which always were in the form of “direct communication,” afford in some instances (especially in the case of Repetition, Fear and Trembling, and the Stages) a very precious and specific illumination of S.K.’s meaning, not merely a proof of his religious intent in general.

## Influence and reception

Kierkegaard sold 139 copies of the book. Three Upbuilding Discourses was not translated into English until 1946 when David F. Swenson translated and published all the discourses in four volumes. Howard V. Hong then translated and published them in 1990 into one volume. In 1852 these discourses were called Instructive Tales by William Howitt.
# Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. Hyde

Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. Hyde, 466 U.S. 2 (1984), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the analysis of the tying issue must focus on the hospital's sale of services to its patients, rather than its contractual arrangements with the providers of anesthesiological services.
In making that analysis, consideration must be given to whether petitioners are selling two separate products that may be tied together, and, if so, whether they have used their market power to force their patients to accept the tying arrangement. It set a permissive precedent in antitrust law, as some viewed tying as always anticompetitive.

## Rationale

Any inquiry into the validity of a tying arrangement must focus on the market or markets in which the two products are sold, for that is where the anticompetitive forcing has its impact. Thus, in this case, the analysis of the tying issue must focus on the hospital's sale of services to its patients, rather than its contractual arrangements with the providers of anesthesiological services. In making that analysis, consideration must be given to whether petitioners are selling two separate products that may be tied together, and, if so, whether they have used their market power to force their patients to accept the tying arrangement.
There is no evidence that the price, quality, or supply or demand for either the "tying product" or the "tied product" has been adversely affected by the exclusive contract, and no showing that the market as a whole has been affected at all by the contract. The case invokes the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, a notable piece of antitrust legislation.
# Xhemal Pasha Zogu

Xhemal Pasha Zogu (; 1860–1911), also known as Jamal Pasha or Jamal Pasha Zogolli, was the Hereditary Governor of Mati, Albania (at the time part of the Ottoman Empire). He was the father of King Zog I of Albania.
Born at Burgajet Castle, Mati (or Constantinople), in 1860, he was the third son of Xhelal Pasha Zogolli and Ruhije Alltuni, from the wealthy Alltuni family of Kavajë. He was educated privately and became Hereditary Governor of Mati upon the death of his older brother, Riza.
During the Great Eastern Crisis, a meeting held in Debar (1880) by Albanian notables deciding on the course of action regarding the Ottoman cessation of Ulcinj to Montenegro, Xhemal was in the pro-government group advocating no action be taken and was against a declaration of Albanian autonomy in the Balkans.
Xhemal married Zenja Malika Khanum (Melek Hanem) (Castle Burgajet, Mati, c. 1860 - Castle Burgajet, Mati, 1884), his first cousin, in Mati in 1880; after she died in childbirth in 1884 he married Sadiya Khanum (Sadijé Hanem) in Mati in 1887. Her title was later changed to Nëna Mbretëreshë i Shqiptarëvet ("Queen Mother of the Albanians").
He became involved in an insurrection against the Ottomans planned for June 1903, which did not take place.

## Issue

By Zenja Malika Hanem, Xhemal had a son and a stillbirth child
* Prince Xhelal Zogu (1881-1944). Political man. He married four time and had four sons and four daughters.
* Stillbirth child (1884). The mother died in childbirth also.
By Sadije Toptani, Xhemal had two sons and six daughters:
* Princess Adile (1890-1966). She married once and had three sons and two daughters.
* King Zog I (1895-1961). King of Albania.
* Princess Nafije (1896-1955). She married once and had a son.
* A son who died in young age.
* Princess Senije (1903-1969). She married Şehzade Mehmed Abid and became a princess of Ottoman Empire.
* Princess Myzejen (1905-1969). Unmarried, without issue.
* Princess Ruhije (1906-1948). Unmarried, without issue.
* Princess Maxhide (1907-1969). Unmarried, without issue.
# Do Polan

Do Polan (Persian: دوپلان) is a village in, and the capital of, Mashayekh Rural District in Naghan District of Kiar County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The village is populated by Lurs.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 431 in 98 households, when it was in the Central District of Ardal County. The following census in 2011 counted 398 people in 100 households, by which time it had been separated from the county in the establishment of Kiar County. The rural district was transferred to the new Naghan District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 439 people in 98 households.