# List of current monarchs of sovereign states

* Examples of absolute monarchs (top row):
** Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei
** Salman, King of Saudi Arabia
** Pope Francis
* Examples of executive monarchs (middle row):
** Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
** Mohammed VI, King of Morocco
** Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Dragon King Of Bhutan
* Examples of ceremonial monarchs (bottom row):
** Charles III, King of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms
** Naruhito, Emperor of Japan
** Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth. Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute monarchies) or may be ceremonial figureheads, exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all, with actual authority vested in a legislature and/or executive cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies). In many cases, a monarch will also be linked with a state religion. Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling. Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies.
A variety of titles are applied in English; for example, "king" and "queen", "prince" and "princess", "grand duke" and "grand duchess", "emperor" and "empress". Although they will be addressed differently in their local languages, the names and titles in the list below have been styled using the common English equivalent. Roman numerals, used to distinguish related rulers with the same name, have been applied where typical.
In political and sociocultural studies, monarchies are normally associated with hereditary rule; most monarchs, in both historical and contemporary contexts, have been born and raised within a royal family. Succession has been defined using a variety of distinct formulae, such as proximity of blood, primogeniture, and agnatic seniority. Some monarchies, however, are not hereditary, and the ruler is instead determined through an elective process; a modern example is the throne of Malaysia. These systems defy the model concept of a monarchy, but are commonly considered as such because they retain certain associative characteristics. Many systems use a combination of hereditary and elective elements, where the election or nomination of a successor is restricted to members of a royal bloodline.
Entries below are listed beside their respective dominions, which are organised alphabetically. These monarchs reign as head of state in their respective sovereign states. Monarchs reigning over a constituent division, cultural or traditional polity are listed under constituent monarchs. For a list of former ruling families or abolished thrones, see: former ruling families.

## Monarchs by country

| Title | Monarch | Sovereign state(s) | Since (Length) | House | Type | Heir to the throne |
| Co-Prince | Joan Enric Vives i Sicília | Andorra | 12 May 2003 (21 years, 301 days) | — | Ceremonial | Ex officio |
| Co-Prince | Emmanuel Macron | Andorra | 14 May 2017 (7 years, 299 days) | — | Ceremonial | Ex officio |
| King | Charles III | Antigua and Barbuda | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Australia | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | The Bahamas | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Belize | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Canada | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Grenada | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Jamaica | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | New Zealand | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Papua New Guinea | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Saint Lucia | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Solomon Islands | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | Tuvalu | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Charles III | United Kingdom | 8 September 2022 (2 years, 182 days) | Windsor | Ceremonial | William, Prince of Wales |
| King | Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa | Bahrain | 6 March 1999 (26 years, 3 days) | Al Khalifa | Executive | Salman, Crown Prince of Bahrain |
| King | Philippe | Belgium | 21 July 2013 (11 years, 231 days) | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | Ceremonial | Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, Princess of Belgium |
| King | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | Bhutan | 9 December 2006 (18 years, 90 days) | Wangchuck | Executive | Jigme Namgyel |
| Sultan | Hassanal Bolkiah | Brunei | 5 October 1967 (57 years, 155 days) | Bolkiah | Absolute | Al-Muhtadee Billah |
| King | Norodom Sihamoni | Cambodia | 14 October 2004 (20 years, 146 days) | Norodom | Ceremonial | Hereditary and elective |
| King | Frederik X | Denmark | 14 January 2024 (1 year, 54 days) | Glücksburg | Ceremonial | Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark |
| King | Mswati III | Eswatini | 25 April 1986 (38 years, 318 days) | Dlamini | Absolute | Hereditary and elective |
| Emperor | Naruhito | Japan | 1 May 2019 (5 years, 312 days) | Yamato | Ceremonial | Fumihito, Prince Akishino (Heir presumptive) |
| King | Abdullah II | Jordan | 7 February 1999 (26 years, 30 days) | Al Hāshim | Executive | Hereditary and elective (presumably Hussein bin Abdullah) |
| Emir | Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Kuwait | 16 December 2023 (1 year, 83 days) | Al Sabah | Executive | Hereditary and elective (presumably Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah) |
| King | Letsie III | Lesotho | 7 February 1996 (29 years, 30 days) | Moshesh | Ceremonial | Lerotholi Seeiso |
| Prince | Hans-Adam II | Liechtenstein | 13 November 1989 (35 years, 116 days) | Liechtenstein | Executive | Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein (currently Prince Regent) |
| Grand Duke | Henri | Luxembourg | 7 October 2000 (24 years, 153 days) | Luxembourg-Nassau | Ceremonial | Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg (currently Lieutenant-Representative) |
| King | Sultan Ibrahim III | Malaysia | 31 January 2024 (1 year, 37 days) | Temenggong | Ceremonial & Federal | Elective (presumably Sultan Nazrin Shah) |
| Prince | Albert II | Monaco | 6 April 2005 (19 years, 337 days) | Grimaldi | Executive | Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco |
| King | Mohammed VI | Morocco | 23 July 1999 (25 years, 229 days) | Alawi | Executive | Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco |
| King | Willem-Alexander | Netherlands | 30 April 2013 (11 years, 313 days) | Orange-Nassau | Ceremonial | Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange |
| King | Harald V | Norway | 17 January 1991 (34 years, 51 days) | Glücksburg | Ceremonial | Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway |
| Sultan | Haitham bin Tariq | Oman | 11 January 2020 (5 years, 57 days) | Al Said | Absolute | Theyazin bin Haitham |
| Emir | Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani | Qatar | 25 June 2013 (11 years, 257 days) | Al Thani | Executive | Abdullah bin Hamad |
| King | Salman | Saudi Arabia | 23 January 2015 (10 years, 45 days) | Al Saud | Absolute | Mohammed bin Salman |
| King | Felipe VI | Spain | 19 June 2014 (10 years, 263 days) | Borbón-Anjou | Ceremonial | Leonor, Princess of Asturias (Heir presumptive) |
| King | Carl XVI Gustaf | Sweden | 15 September 1973 (51 years, 175 days) | Bernadotte | Ceremonial | Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden |
| King | Vajiralongkorn | Thailand | 13 October 2016 (8 years, 147 days) | Chakri | Ceremonial | Dipangkorn Rasmijoti (Heir presumptive) |
| King | Tupou VI | Tonga | 18 March 2012 (12 years, 356 days) | Tupou | Executive | Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala |
| President | Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | United Arab Emirates | 14 May 2022 (2 years, 299 days) | Al Nahyan | Executive & Federal | Hereditary and elective (presumably Khaled bin Mohamed Al Nahyan) |
| Pope | Francis | Vatican City (Holy See) | 13 March 2013 (11 years, 361 days) | — | Absolute | Elective |