OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas J. Galbraith

Thomas J. Galbraith (October 3, 1825 – February 22, 1909) was an American politician. In 1857, he signed the Republican version of the Minnesota State Constitution. Galbraith served in the Minnesota Territorial House of Representatives in 1856. He then served the 18th district in the Minnesota State Senate in 1861, living in Scott County at the time. In 1862, Galbraith worked as an Indian agent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs at the Lower Sioux Agency, succeeding Joseph R. Brown.
On August 15, 1862, he was involved in a confrontation with Mdewakanton tribesmen and his trading partner Andrew Myrick at the Lower Sioux Agency. Galbraith refused to distribute food on credit, although they were suffering hunger and the government's treaty annuity was late. It proved one of many causes of the Dakota War of 1862 that began twelve days later. Myrick, who made derogatory comments in the incident, was killed on August 18, 1862 while Galbraith managed to escape. When the hostilities were over he compiled a list of the known Minnesotans casualties both civilian and military. He died in Cheyenne, Wyoming February 3, 1909, where he was a resident for many years .
# Éthiopie

"Éthiopie" is a charity song recorded in 1985 by the collective band known under the name 'Chanteurs sans Frontières'. The song achieved a huge success in France, topping the chart for two months and becoming one of the best-selling singles in that country.

## Background and writing

Chanteurs sans Frontières was a French association founded in 1985 following the English-speaking world model of the bands Band Aid and USA for Africa with the same purpose: providing assistance to victims of the famine then raging in Ethiopia. The association was presided by Antoine di Zazzo, the general director of EMI Pathé Marconi, and was led by Dominique Quiliquini (Renaud's wife), Francis Cabrel (treasurer), Franck Langolff (composer of music) and Rony Brauman (president of Médecins sans Frontières). The idea of a single was found by Valérie Lagrange and under the direction of Renaud.
The song was written by Renaud and the music composed by Franck Langolff. It was produced by Franck Langolff and Thomas Noton.
The total donations reached 23,000,000 francs distributed to various associations : Médecins sans Frontières (90%), AICF, Médecins du monde, and Restos du Cœur.

## Track listing

* "Ethiopie" — 5:25
* "Ethiopie" (instrumental) — 4:07

## Artists who participated in the song

These are the artists who participated in the recordings:

## Charts performances and sales

The single went straight to number 6 on the French SNEP Singles Chart, on May 18, 1985. It jumped to number 1 the following weeks and stayed at the top for eight consecutive weeks. After that, the single slowly dropped but remained for 14 weeks in the top ten and 22 weeks on the chart (top 50).
Certified Gold disc by the SNEP in 1985 for 500,000 copies sold.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 500,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||

## Charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| Eurochart Hot 100 | 19 |
| French SNEP Singles Chart | 1 |
# Peacock Lane

Peacock Lane is a four-block street in southeast Portland, Oregon, in the United States. It is known for its elaborately decorated homes during the Christmas and holiday season. During this time of year, thousands of people come to view the displays, enjoy hot cocoa, and previously take horsedrawn carriage rides, and sing Christmas carols. The street earned a listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

## History

The tradition of decorating the houses dates back to the 1920s. Since beginning, the event has occurred annually, except for a short interruption during World War II while the United States was rationing valuable resources, including electricity. Additionally, the lane went dark in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Many homeowners voluntarily pass along their decorations to new residents when they sell their properties. No homeowner is obligated to put up any lights or displays.
Popular annual displays include several Peanuts characters ice skating on a small pond, a plywood Oregon State Beaver, and a large wooden Grinch from How the Grinch Stole Christmas! that has been a staple since the 1980s. The Grinch has been vandalized several times over the years. It was stolen for a brief period in 1994 and was decapitated in 1997. The Grinch now has a red bow tied around his neck to help conceal the damages. More recent displays feature characters from Doctor Who, The Muppets, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Star Wars, and several Nickelodeon cartoon shows. A life-sized mural of Will Ferrell's "Buddy" from the 2003 film Elf adorns a small stand that gives out hot chocolate and coffee.
As the annual tradition became increasingly popular, residents on the lane have cited their concerns over vandalism, pollution, litter, heavy traffic, and public urination. As a result, the street is now closed to automobiles on certain evenings. The Portland Police department has also stepped up patrols and employs officers to direct traffic during busier hours.
In June 2017, after a developer purchased one of the homes and began building on the lot, the area was nominated for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and earned the designation later that November. Residents were worried that the developer would not build in the traditional English Cottage and Tudor Revival styles of the street. The street contains 27 historic buildings and six buildings that are not considered historic.
# Kim Jong (table tennis)

Kim Jong (born 19 April 1989, South Hamgyong Province) is a North Korean table tennis player. She competed for North Korea at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Olympics she competed in the women's singles only, and at the 2012 Summer Olympics she competed in the women's singles and the women's team events. She won gold medals in mixed doubles events with Kim Hyok-bong at the 2013 World Championships and the 2014 Asian Games.
Kim represents the April 25 Sports Team.
# 2025 al-Funduq shooting

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
On 6 January 2025, three Palestinian gunman carried out a shooting attack on a bus and two cars in al-Funduq, northern West Bank, killing three people and injuring eight others.

## Background

The attack is part of the fighting between Israeli forces and Palestinian militants throughout the West Bank, which has escalated since the start of the 2023 Gaza war.
At the time of the attack, the Jenin Brigades, the umbrella militant formation to which the gunmen belonged, was under attack by the Palestinian Authority (PA). The attack was meant to be a message to the PA– that their siege could not stifle militant reprisals against the Israeli occupation.

## Attack

Three Palestinian gunmen got out of their white Sedan armed with assault rifles and opened fire at close range on a bus and two cars traveling along Highway 55 in Al-Funduq. Three people were killed and eight others were injured, including at least one seriously.
The attackers fled the scene after an armed civilian fired at them with a handgun. The Israel Defense Forces launched a manhunt to locate them using increased security and road blocks.

## Victims

The victims were identified as 35-year-old police officer Master Sgt. Elad Yaakov Winkelstein, 73-year-old Aliza Rais and 70-year-old Rachel Cohen. Out of the eight injured people, the 63-year-old bus driver was transported to a hospital in serious condition.

## Perpetrators

The three Palestinian gunmen were from the Jenin area in the northern West Bank. Hamas's Al-Qassam Brigades claimed responsibility for the attack two days later. Two of the perpetrators were killed by Israeli forces near Jenin on January 22.

## Aftermath

In response to the attack, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office said that he approved operations for capturing attackers and a series of additional defensive and offensive operations in West Bank. Following the attack, multiple reports emerged of Israeli settler retaliatory attacks against Palestinians in parts of the occupied West Bank.
# The Spirit of Christmas 2000

The Spirit of Christmas 2000 is the seventh compilation album of Christmas-associated tracks in the annual Spirit of Christmas series. It was released in Australia in November 2000 with proceeds going to The Salvation Army's Red Shield Appeal, which supports at-risk children and youth throughout the country. The compilation has contributions from various Australian artists and was produced by Lindsay Field (also compiler) and Glenn Wheatley. It was issued on cassette and CD by Myer Grace Bros. and distributed by Sony BMG.

## Background

The Spirit of Christmas series started in 1993 when Myer, an Australian department store, wished to continue their philanthropic support in the community, "whilst at the same time providing something special for everyone to enjoy". They choose the Salvation Army's Red Shield Appeal for at-risk children and youth throughout the country as the first recipients but in 1996 and 1998 they choose the Australian branch of the Starlight Foundation and returned to the Salvation Army in 1999 and continued into 2000. Session and touring musician, Lindsay Field was the executive producer and compiler. Field contacted various fellow Australian musicians – including those he had worked with personally – to donate a track for the compilation, most commonly a new rendition of a standard Christmas carol. Together with Glenn Wheatley (former member of The Masters Apprentices and manager of Little River Band), Field produced the recording for Myer Grace Bros. own label which was distributed by Sony BMG.

## Track listing

* "Silent Night" – Sister2Sister – 4:16
* "The Christmas Song" – Glenn Shorrock – 3:46
* "Here Comes Santa Claus" - – Adam Brand – 2:29
* "One Little Christmas Tree" – Tina Arena – 3:32
* "Christmas Gives Me the Chance" – Bachelor Girl – 3:33
* "Every Step" – John Farnham – 4:34
* "Santa Baby" – Kylie Minogue – 3:22
* "Merry Christmas Baby" – Jon Stevens – 3:28
* "The Christmas I Remember" – Barry Crocker – 5:55
* "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" – Olivia Newton-John and Kenny Loggins – 4:02
* "I Believe in Father Christmas" – Taxiride – 3:02
* "The Last Day of Christmas" – Deborah Conway – 4:32
* "The Merry Christmas Polka" – Jimmy Little and Leah Purcell with GANGgajang – 3:35
* "Carol of the Drum" – The Rudolphs – 4:36
# Thomas Fielden Taylor

Thomas Fielden Taylor (1879–1937) was a notable New Zealand Anglican priest and city missioner. He was born in Chelsea, London, England in 1879.
# Infinite-dimensional Chern–Simons theory

In mathematics, infinite-dimensional Chern–Simons theory (not to be confused with ∞-Chern–Simons theory) is a generalization of Chern–Simons theory to manifolds with infinite dimensions. These are not modeled with finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces, but infinite-dimensional topological vector spaces, for example Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet spaces, which lead to Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet manifolds respectively. Principal bundles, which in finite-dimensional Chern–Simons theory are considered with (compact) Lie groups as gauge groups, are then fittingly considered with Hilbert Lie, Banach Lie and Fréchet Lie groups as gauge groups respectively, which also makes their total spaces into a Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet manifold respectively. These are called Hilbert, Banach and Fréchet principal bundles respectively. The theory is named after Shiing-Shen Chern and James Simons, who first described Chern–Simons forms in 1974, although the generalization was not developed by them.
# 1754 in Sweden

Events from the year 1754 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Adolf Frederick

## Events

* - Foundation of the Stenborg Company, the first known Swedish language theater group to tour Sweden and Finland.
* - The cause célèbre of Risbadstugan.
* - New law on suicide: people who falsely admitted guilt or committed crimes with the intent of committing suicide through execution were to be punished by pillorying and imprisoned rather than executed.

## Births

* 29 June - Peter Gustaf Tengmalm, naturalist (died 1803)
* June 18 – Anna Maria Lenngren, writer, poet and social critic (died 1817)
* 28 July - Abraham Niclas Edelcrantz, poet and inventor (died 1821)
* 10 March - Augusta von Fersen courtier, royal mistress and profile of the Gustavian age (died 1846)
* 4 December - Nils Lorens Sjöberg, officer and poet (died 1822)
* - Caroline Lewenhaupt, courtier (died 1826)
* 24 September - Anna Charlotta Schröderheim, salonnière (died 1791)
* - Georg Johan De Besche, royal favorite (died 1814)

## Deaths

* Christina Beata Dagström, glassworks owner (born 1691)
# Jingang, Liuyang

Jingang Town (simplified Chinese: 金刚镇; traditional Chinese: 金剛鎮; pinyin: Jīngāng Zhèn) is a rural town in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 64,000 and an area of 79.88 square kilometres (30.84 sq mi). The town is bordered to the north and west by Dayao Town, to the east by Jinshan Town of Shangli County, to the south by Litian Town of Liling, and to the northeast by Chengtanjiang Town.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into seven villages and three communities, the following areas:
* Jinshi Community (金市社区)
* Jinsheng Community (金声社区)
* Limei Community (李畋社区)
* Shanhu Village (山虎村)
* Shaluo Village (沙螺村)
* Dangui Village (丹桂村)
* Shiguang Village (石霜村)
* Taizihu Village (太子湖村)
* Xingxing Village (星星村)
* Nanyue Village (南岳村)

## Geography

The Nanchuan River (南川河) flows north to south through the town.
There are two reservoirs in the town: Taizihu Reservoir (太子湖水库; 'Prince Lake Reservoir') and Duzhuang Reservoir (杜庄水库).
Mount Tingziling (亭子岭; 'Pavilion Ridge') is the peak-point in the town; its peak elevation is 796.2 metres (2,612 ft).

## Economy

Jingang Town's economy is based on fireworks and agricultural resources.

## Education

* Jingang Middle School

## Transportation
### National Highway

The National Highway 106 runs north to south through the town.

### Expressway

The Changsha–Liuyang Expressway, from Changsha, running northwest to southeast through the town to Jiangxi.

### County road

County Road X008 passes across the town east to west.

## Religion

Shishuang Temple (石霜寺) is a Buddhist temple in the town.
Nanyue Shengdi Temple (南岳圣地庙) is a Taoist temple in the town.

## Attractions

The main attractions are the Grand House of Liu Family (刘家大屋) and the Grand House of Li Family (李家大屋).
Yunyan Cave (云岩洞) is a famous scenic spot.
# John Skladany

John Skladany (born September 24, 1948) is a retired American football coach. Skladany was the defensive coordinator for the Iowa State Cyclones, Houston Cougars, UCF Knights, and North Texas Mean Green. He retired at the end of the 2014 season.
# 1778 in Sweden

Events from the year 1778 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Gustav III
* King's Consort - Sofia Magdalena

## Events

* April - The king introduces the costume reform Nationella dräkten to give the population a standard costume to wear and thereby avoid the great waste of clothing. In reality, however, the costume comes to be worn only as a court costume.
* 20 October - First issue of Stockholms-Posten
* Capital punishment in Sweden is abolished for infanticide, rape, adultery, bigamy, witchcraft and repeated theft.
* Infanticide Act (Barnamordsplakatet) secures the right to anonymity for, and bans persecution of, unwed mothers to protect them from the social stigma which could cause infanticide.
* The pregnancy of Queen Sophia Magdalena is announced after twelve years of childless marriage for the royal couple. The Queen Dowager is involved in supporting rumors that Adolf Fredrik Munck is the real father, resulting in a court scandal. The Munck affair ends with the Queen Dowager forced to officially retract her support for such rumors.

## Births

* 30 April - Arvid David Hummel, entomologist (died 1836)
* 1 November - King Gustav IV Adolf
* Wilhelmina Krafft, painter (died 1828)
* Carolina Kuhlman, actress (died 1866)
* Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, salonist (died 1852)

## Deaths

* 10 January – Carl Linnaeus, botanist, zoologist and physician (born 1707)
# 1788 in Sweden

Events from the year 1788 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Gustav III

## Events

* 25 May - The Royal Dramatic Theatre is inaugurated in Bollhuset in Stockholm.
* 28 June - The outbreak of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–90).
* 17 July - Battle of Hogland
* 8 August - Anjala conspiracy
* - Lovisa Augusti, Caroline Müller and Franziska Stading are inducted to the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.
* - The Sofia Albertina Church is completed.
* - Aurora Liljenroth graduates from a gymnasium (school), which is unique for a female and attracts a great deal of attention.
* - Count Adolph Ribbing and Baron Hans Henrik von Essen; the duel was held because Essen's proposal had been accepted by the father of a woman, the heiress Charlotta Eleonora De Geer, whom Ribbing had also proposed to and whom he believed to be in love with him. Essen was injured and Ribbing declared winner. The duel was regarded a scandal and a crime against the king.

## Births

* 30 July - Kisamor, herbalist and natural doctor (died 1842)
* 3 September - Gustaf Erik Pasch, inventor and chemists (died 1862)
* - Brita Catharina Lidbeck, concert vocalist (died 1864)

## Deaths

* - Bakelse-Jeanna, street seller and local profile (born 1702)
# Depot

Depot may refer to:

## Places

* Depot, Poland, a village
* Depot Glacier (disambiguation)
* Depot Island (disambiguation)
* Depot Nunatak
* Depot Peak

## Brands and enterprises

* Maxwell Street Depot, a restaurant in Chicago, United States
* Office Depot, an American office supply chain
* The Home Depot, an American home improvement retail chain

## Computing and technology

* Depot, an application in the Radio Service Software
* Depot, the format for Hewlett-Packard's Software Distributor

## Military

* Depot, or logistics center
* Depot, or Main Operating Base, an overseas base for the US military
* Regimental depot, the headquarters and training grounds of a regiment
* Supply depot

## Transport

* Depot, a transport hub for freight
* Train depot or train shed, a place where locomotives and rolling stock are sheltered and maintained when not in use
* Bus depot or bus garage, a place where buses are sheltered and maintained when not in use
** Bus station, whose name can include the word depot, because a bus depot or garage can be, or previously was, a bus stop or terminal
* Castaway depot, contains stores and survival gear for victims of shipwrecks
* Motive power depot, where trains, locomotives, or trams are sheltered and maintained when not in use
** Train station, whose name can include the word depot, because the same place was previously, or still is, being used as a train shelter, and naturally became a railway station as well
* Propellant depot, which supplies fuel to spacecraft

## Other uses

* Depot injection, in pharma, a long-term drug delivery by an injection formation (typically 2 weeks - 6 months)
* RCMP Academy, Depot Division, in Saskatchewan, Canada
# Juanita Spinelli

Evelita Juanita Spinelli (October 17, 1889 – November 21, 1941) nicknamed The Duchess, was the first woman to be executed by the state of California. She was a gangster and ex-wrestler.

## Criminal history

FBI profiler Candice DeLong described Spinelli as a "stone cold psychopath who had no use for anybody, other than what she could get out of them."(Deadly Women, season 4, episode 2). Spinelli, who fled Detroit and the so-called Purple Gang she ran with—earning her the nickname "The Duchess"—settled in San Francisco, where she regularly took in young, delinquent, homeless men. She would cook and clean for them and train them to be professional criminals. These criminals were called "Spinelli's Gang", otherwise known as the "Spinelli Crew" or "Vagabonds" (Vagabonds meaning homeless men). The men received a ten-dollar weekly allowance, with Spinelli receiving the lion's share of their ill-gotten gains. Her daughter Lorraine, known as "Gypsy", regularly used a honey trap to snare drunken men, who were consequently mugged.
On April 8th 1940, two of Spinelli's protégés, Albert Ives and Raymond Sherrod, killed Leland Cash during an armed robbery in San Francisco. Due to his deafness, Cash did not hear the request to put his hands up and was shot in the stomach. Fearing Sherrod would confess to the police, Spinelli gave him whiskey that she had laced with chloral hydrate. The gang then beat him up while he was unconscious. To make his death appear accidental, they threw him off the Clarksburg bridge on the Sacramento River, just south of Sacramento, wearing only swimming trunks. However, the autopsy showed there was no water in his lungs. Fearing for his own survival, Ives confessed to the police and was later committed to Mendocino State Hospital. Spinelli was consequently arrested.
Police ballistics matched the bullet that killed Cash with a gun that belonged to Spinelli.
Her gang members testified against her at her trial. On May 30th Spinelli, Ives, Simeone and Hawkins were found guilty. She appealed (along with her co-defendants Simeone and Hawkins) in 1941, however their appeals were unsuccessful.
She was described by Clinton Duffy, the warden at San Quentin State Prison, as "the coldest, hardest character, male or female, I have ever known, a homely, scrawny, nearsighted, sharp-featured scarecrow. ... The Duchess was a hag, evil as a witch, horrible to look at, impossible to like."

## Execution

Spinelli's original execution was delayed for 30 days by Culbert Olson. Following two further repreives, she was executed on November 21, 1941, at the age of 52, in the gas chamber at San Quentin. A week later, Mike Simeone her 'first lieutenant and common-law husband' was executed, along with Gordon Hawkins.

## In popular culture

Her story was dramatized on TV in the Gang Busters episode, "The Duchess Spinelli Case".