OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edith Lunnebach

Edith Lunnebach (born 1950, Köln-Ehrenfeld) is a German lawyer who has represented clients in German high profile cases such as in the Kurdish trial in Düsseldorf and NSU Trial.

## Education and early life

She graduated in Law in Stuttgart, Baden Württemberg in 1976, following which she worked as a jurist at the German Parity Welfare Association [de] in Wuppertal until 1978.
In 1978 she obtained her certificate as an independent lawyer, also in Wuppertal. She moved to Cologne in 1979, and opened her lawyers office there.

## Notable trials

She defended Ingrid Strobl [de], a former editor of the feminist magazine EMMA, who was accused of having bought the clock which was used during the bombing of the Lufthansa office in Cologne by the Revolutionary Cells in 1986. During the trial, Lunnebach argued that the court could not prove that Strobl knew that the clock was going to be used in the bombing. Strobl was sentenced to five years imprisonment and released from prison in 1990.
She was a lawyer in the so called Kurdish Trial in Düsseldorf, a large trial against members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) which lasted from 1989 to 7 March 1994, costed about 70 Mio. DM. (35 Mio. Euros) and almost 200 witnesses were called to testify. It was an exceptional trial for which the main hall was amplified in order to provide enough room for the expected seventy participants amongst prosecutors and lawyers of the defense and also for the translators needed for the trial. During the trial in Düsseldorf she was prosecuted for offending the presiding Judge Jörg Winfried Belker, but acquitted by a court in Cologne. She was again prosecuted and also fined for allegedly saying in court "And you are our Stasi". She appealed against the fine and was acquitted due to the invalidity of the courts protocol as evidence. It was the first time that a lawyer of the defense was prosecuted for an event happening in court, which was seen as an attempt to intimidate the lawyers of the defense by the prosecution. In 1991 she quit the defense at the Kurdish Trial in Düsseldorf as her client disappeared.
She was also the lawyer of the National Socialist Underground (NSU) victims of the arson attack in Cologne in 2001 during the NSU Trial. During the trial, she criticized the state prosecution for obstructing the investigation of the NSU network and that it only viewed the NSU as a cell of three people.

## Personal life

Edith Lunnebach is married to Arnim Gozlem.
# Betz Halloran

Mary Elizabeth (Betz) Halloran is an American biostatistician who works as a professor of biostatistics, professor of epidemiology, and adjunct professor of applied mathematics at the University of Washington.

## Education and career

Halloran studied physics and philosophy of mathematics for two years as an undergraduate at Case Western Reserve University, from 1968 to 1970, before leaving school to join the counterculture movement in San Francisco. Deciding to study medicine, she returned to school, completing a bachelor's degree in general science at the University of Oregon in 1972.
She traveled to Berlin to continue her studies at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics and the Free University of Berlin from 1973 to 1975, studied medicine at the University of Southampton in England in 1981, and completed an M.D. at the Free University of Berlin in 1983. Her goal at that time was to practice medicine in the developing world, so she continued to study tropical diseases at the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine in Hamburg in 1984, and then earned a master of public health degree from Harvard University in 1985. In that program, she rekindled her interest in mathematical modeling, and she stayed at Harvard as a graduate student, earning a D.Sc. in population sciences from Harvard in 1989.
After postdoctoral research at Princeton University and Imperial College London, she joined Emory University as an assistant professor of epidemiology and biostatistics in 1989, and was promoted to full professor in 1998. At Emory, she directed the Center for AIDS Research from 2002 to 2005, and the Center for Highthroughput Experimental Design and Analysis from 2004 to 2005. She moved to the University of Washington in 2005. In 2009, she founded the Summer Institute in Statistics and Modeling in Infectious Diseases at the University of Washington, and continues to serve as its director.

## Research

Halloran studies causal inference and the biostatistics of infectious diseases. She is a long-term collaborator with University of Florida researcher Ira Longini, with whom she studies the spread of influenza. She has also been quoted as an expert on the mortality rates of other diseases such as ebola and cholera, and the factors influencing those rates.
With Longini and Claudio J. Struchiner, she is a co-author of the book Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies (Springer, 2009).

## Awards and honors

In 1996, Halloran was elected as a fellow of the American Statistical Association, in 1997 she became a fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, and in 2009 she became a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
In 2005 and 2006 she held the Dr. Ross Prentice Professorship of Biostatistics at the University of Washington.
# Pizza marinara

Pizza marinara, also known as pizza alla marinara, is a typical Neapolitan pizza seasoned with tomato sauce, extra virgin olive oil, oregano, and garlic. It is supposedly the oldest tomato-topped pizza.

## History

It has been claimed the pizza marinara was introduced around the year 1735 (in 1734 according to European Commission regulation 97/2010), and was prepared using olive oil, cherry tomatoes, basil, oregano, and garlic at that time, and that historically it was known to be ordered commonly by poor sailors, and made on their ships due to it being made from easily preservable ingredients. The historical account of the pizza marinara's creation and its association with sailors rests predominantly on oral and traditional retellings rather than documented, empirical evidence.
Francesco de Bourcard, writing in his 1866 book Usi e costumi di Napoli ('Customs and Traditions of Naples'), Vol. II (p. 124), seemed to know the recipe with a different name, and to consider the addition of tomatoes an extra for both marinara and Margherita:
   Le pizze più ordinarie, dette coll'aglio e l'olio, han per condimento l'olio, e sopra vi si sparge, oltre il sale, l'origano e spicchi d'aglio trinciati minutamente. Altre sono coperte di formaggio grattugiato e condite collo strutto, e allora vi si pone disopra qualche foglia di basilico. Alle prime spesso si aggiunge del pesce minuto; alle seconde delle sottili fette di mozzarella. Talora si fa uso di prosciutto affettato, di pomidoro, di arselle, ecc. Talora ripiegando la pasta su se stessa se ne forma quel che chiamasi calzone.

## Recipe

According to the Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana:
   Using a spoon place the pressed, peeled tomatoes in to the centre of the pizza base, then using a spiralling motion, cover the entire surface of the base with the sauce excluding the crust (the addition or substitution of peeled tomatoes with fresh tomatoes is allowed).
   Remove any hard or dry sections of the clove of garlic and slice finely. Scatter the slices using the same circular motion over the tomato. Scatter a pinch of oregano in an orderly manner over the surface.
   Using a traditional copper oil canister or inert food storage with spiralling motion, starting from the centre and moving out, pour extra virgin olive oil over the pizza.
# Sacred Heart Cathedral, Changwon

The Sacred Heart Cathedral (Korean: 양덕동성당) also called Yangdok-dong Cathedral of the Sacred Heart is a religious building that is affiliated with the Catholic Church and is located in the city of Changwon in South Gyeongsang Province, in the South part of the Asian country of South Korea.
The colored brick clad building is adorned with 2 two identical towers topped by crosses. The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite and is the principal church of the Diocese of Masan (Dioecesis Masanensis; 마산 교구) that was created by Pope Paul VI in 1966 by bull "siquidem catholicae".
The church is under the pastoral responsibility of the Bishop Constantine Bae Ki-hyen.
# Ramisetti Murali

Ramisetti Murali (born 30 July 1963) is an Indian social worker and activist involved in environmental and civil society initiatives comprising water, farming, eradication of child labour, health and nutrition and waste management. Murali presently heads the Freshwater Action Network in South Asia (FANSA), a regional water body of South Asian countries. and is also the founder-Director of Modern Architects for Rural India (MARI) based in Secunderabad.
The reformatory initiatives of Murali enthused many. Patrick Donahue of BRINQ wrote that Murali is among those who can paint his visions of a better world into reality. In 2011, Murali spoke at an All-party parliamentary group chaired by Baroness Kinnock in England on the threats to water resources. Rural development is one of the key focus of Murali's interests and has been proactively participating in community programmes since the past few decades. While Naxalism sought to alleviate peoples suffering through use of force against the State, Murali's approach through Participatory management helped set up schools in rural Warangal much to the chagrin of the State Education officials.

## Career

After completing social work studies at Waltair and Nagpur, Murali began to work for the social causes in the 1980s at the Hyderabad-based Centre for Environmental Concerns and followed his call and started Modern Architects for Rural India (MARI) focusing on Warangal region in Telangana.

## Writings

* Small Support Big Makeover - Case studies of Saksham project (with K. Suresh, M. Venkanna and Rama Jyothi). Hyderabad: MARI. 2018.
* Formative Research to Develop Appropriate Participatory Approaches towards Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Rural Areas (with Depinder Kapur and Nafisa Barot). New Delhi: India WASH Forum. 2016.
* Faecal waste management in smaller cities across South Asia: Getting right the policy and practice (with Shubhagato Dasgupta, Nikhil George and Depinder Kapur). New Delhi: Centre for Policy Research. 2016.
* FANSA's reflections on SACOSAN VI outcomes: 2016. London: End Water Poverty. 2016.
* Leave no one behind - Voices of Women, Adolescent Girls, Elderly and Differently-Abled People and Sanitation Workers (with Archana Patkar). Geneva: WSSCC. 2015.
* Learning and achievements of SWA Global platform and its relevance to achieving Hygiene and Sanitation Development in India. New York: Sanitation and Water for All. 2015.
* SACOSAN V Declaration Commitment Indicators. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. 2015.
* The human right to safe drinking water and sanitation in law and policy - a sourcebook (with Catarina de Albuquerque, Helene Boussard, et al.). Berlin: WASH United. 2012.
* Debt and Deep Well (with D. Venkateshwarlu and K. Srinivas). Warangal: CARE-MARI ICNGO programme. 2000.
# Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kuwait)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Arabic: وزارة الخارجية, romanized: wizāra al-khārijiyya) is one of the governmental bodies of Kuwait and part of the cabinet. It was established in 1961.

## History and overview

In 1961, a Foreign Affairs Department Bureau was established in Kuwait to organize the foreign relations of the country which was soon relaunched as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, becoming the first ministerial body of the country.
The first foreign minister of Kuwait was Sabah Al Salim Al Sabah. He was followed by Sabah Al Ahmed Al Jaber Al Sabah.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs delegates ambassadors and military attachés bureau in foreign diplomatic missions in countries such as the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, China, Italy and Korea.

## List of ministers of foreign affairs and deputy prime ministers

| No. | Name | Title | Term of office | Note |
| 1 | Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah | Minister of Foreign Affairs | 1962–1963 | 12 Ruler and 2nd Emir of Kuwait (1965–1977) |
| 2 | Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs | 1963–2003 | 15 Ruler and 5th Emir of Kuwait (2006–2020) |
| 3 | Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah | Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs | 2003–2011 | Ambassador of Kuwait to the United States (1993–2001) |
| 4 | Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah | Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs | 2011–2019 | Kuwait's permanent member mission to the United Nations (1983–1989) Kuwait's Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (1995–1998) Kuwait's 9th Prime Minister (2019–2022) |
| 5 | Ahmad Nasser Al-Mohammad Al-Sabah | Minister of Foreign Affairs | 2019–2022 | Kuwait's extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador in 2005 Kuwait's Assistant Foreign Minister for First Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister's Office Affairs in 2016 Kuwait's Assistant Foreign Minister for the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister's Office Affairs in 2017 |
| 6 | Salem Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Minister of Foreign Affairs | 2022–2024 | Ambassador of Kuwait to the United States (2001–2022) |
| 7 | Abdullah Al Yahya | Minister of Foreign Affairs | 2024–present | Ambassador of Kuwait to Argentina (2018–2019) |
# The Spirit of Christmas 2002

The Spirit of Christmas 2002 is the eighth compilation album of Christmas-associated tracks in the annual Spirit of Christmas series. It was released in Australia in November 2002 with proceeds going to The Salvation Army's Red Shield Appeal, which supports at-risk children and youth throughout the country. The compilation has contributions from various Australian artists and was produced by Lindsay Field (also compiler) and Glenn Wheatley. It was issued on cassette and CD by Myer Grace Bros. and distributed by Sony BMG.

## Background

The Spirit of Christmas series started in 1993 when Myer, an Australian department store, wished to continue their philanthropic support in the community, "whilst at the same time providing something special for everyone to enjoy". They choose the Salvation Army's Red Shield Appeal for at-risk children and youth throughout the country as the recipients in 2002. Session and touring musician, Lindsay Field was the executive producer and compiler. Field contacted various fellow Australian musicians – including those he had worked with personally – to donate a track for the compilation, most commonly a new rendition of a standard Christmas carol. Together with Glenn Wheatley (former member of The Masters Apprentices and manager of Little River Band), Field produced the recording for Myer Grace Bros. own label which was distributed by Sony BMG.

## Track listing

* "Mary's Boy Child" – Human Nature – 2:40
* "Do You Hear What I Hear?" – Delta Goodrem – 3:48
* "O Holy Night" – Birtles Shorrock Goble – 3:40
* "Grown Up Christmas List" – Julie Anthony – 3:25
* "A Star Tonight" – Diesel – 3:25
* "The Christmas Song" – John Farnham – 3:52
* "Happy Xmas (War is Over)" – Invertigo – 3:29
* "Last Christmas" – Nikki Webster – 4:20
* "The Christmas Message" – Ernie Sigley – 3:53
* "Silent Night" – Mark Seymour – 3:07
* "The Little Drummer Boy" – Melinda Schneider – 3:00
* "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" – Renée Geyer – 2:57
* "Please Come Home for Christmas" – Troy Cassar-Daley – 3:13
* "The Twelve Days of Christmas" – Lisa Edwards and Lindsay Field – 4:52
# Abhe Singh Yadav

Abhe Singh Yadav is a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from the BJP who represented the Nangal Chaudhry Vidhan Sabha constituency in Haryana. In March 2021 Haryana Assembly Session, Abhe Singh Yadav was awarded Best MLA award in Haryana Assembly along with Varun Chaudhary from INC, Best MLA Award for Abhe Singh Yadav, Varun Chaudhary. He is a mass Ahir Leader of south Haryana. He was an ex. IAS officer and served as Faridabad HUDA administrator in his service.
# Laurie Burgess

Laurie E. Burgess is an archaeologist and anthropologist affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution. She was educated at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on historic North American material culture, mortuary practices, and cultural aspects of glass trade beads.
As associate chair of the department of anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History, she oversaw the international repatriation of human remains on behalf of the museum. She also assisted with preservation efforts at Historic Congressional Cemetery on Capitol Hill, when remains were excavated from and then returned to 19th-century burial vaults slated for restoration.

## Publications

Her publications include:
* Mytum, Harold C. and Burgess, Laurie E., editors. 2018. Death Across Oceans: Archaeology of Coffins and Vaults in Britain, America, and Australia. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press
* Burgess, Laurie E. and Billeck, William T. 2004. Assessment of a Brass Patu Traded by Captain Cook in 1778 and an Anthropomorphic Stone Carving From Northeast Oregon in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Washington, DC: Repatriation Office
* Owsley, Douglas W., Hanna, W. F., Richardson, M. L., and Burgess, Laurie E. 2003. Bioarcheological and Geophysical Investigation of Unmarked Civil War Burials in the Soldiers Plot. ASV Special Publicatin No. 41, Spectrum Press
# Orkhon Valley

The Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape sprawls along the banks of the Orkhon River in Central Mongolia, some 320 km west from the capital Ulaanbaatar. It was inscribed by UNESCO in the World Heritage List as representing the development of nomadic pastoral traditions spanning more than two millennia.

## Significance

For many centuries, the Orkhon Valley was viewed as the seat of the imperial power of the steppes. The first evidence comes from a stone stele with Orkhon inscriptions, which was erected in the valley by Bilge Khan, an 8th-century ruler of the Göktürk Empire. Some 25 miles to the north of the stele, in the shadow of the sacred forest-mountain Ötüken, was his Ördü, or nomadic capital. During the Khitan domination of the valley, the stele was reinscribed in three languages, so as to record the deeds of a Qidan potentate.
Mountains were considered sacred in Tengriism as an axis mundi, but Ötüken was especially sacred because the ancestor spirits of the khagans and beys resided here. Moreover, a force called kut was believed to emanate from this mountain, granting the khagan the divine right to rule the Turkic tribes. Whoever controlled this valley was considered heavenly appointed leader of the Turks and could rally the tribes. Thus control of the Orkhon Valley was of the utmost strategic importance for every Turkic state. Historically every Turkic capital (Ördü) was located here for this exact reason.

## Sites

The main monuments of the Orkhon Valley are as follows:
* The Orkhon monuments are early 8th-century Turkic memorials to Bilge Khan and Kul Tigin, the most impressive monuments from the nomadic First Turkic Khaganate. They were discovered by Russian archaeologists in 1889 and deciphered by Vilhelm Thomsen in 1893.
* Ruins of Ordu-Baliq at the site known as Kharbalgas in Mongolian, an 8th-century capital of the Uyghur Khaganate, which cover 50 square km and contain evidence of the palace, shops, temples, monasteries, etc.
* Ruins of Mongol capital of Karakorum.
* Erdene Zuu monastery is the first Buddhist monastery established in Mongolia. It was partly destroyed by Communist authorities in 1937-40.
* Tuvkhun Hermitage is another spectacular monastery, overlooking a hill at 2,600 meters above sea level. It, too, was almost totally destroyed by the Communists.
* Remains of the 13th and 14th century Mongol palace at Doit Hill, thought to be Ögedei Khan's residence.
* The Ulaan Tsutgalan waterfall, ten meters wide and twenty meters high, that can sometimes go dry or even freeze during winter.
# Benjamin D. Hall

Benjamin Downs "Ben" Hall was an American human genetics researcher. He was professor of genetics and botany at the University of Washington. Hall is best known for developing methods for producing vaccines and other bio-pharmecuticals using transgenic yeast.

## Biography

Hall was born in Berkeley, California. His family moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1944. There he met his future wife, Margaret Ann Black, in the 7th grade. Upon graduating with a degree in chemistry from the University of Kansas in 1954, Hall and Margaret married before departing for Munich, Germany under the support of Hall's Fulbright Scholarship. Hall returned to the US in 1955 and he earned his doctorate in Biophysical Chemistry from Harvard University in 1959.
In 1963, Hall joined the University of Washington Genetics Department. He became the chair of the department in 1980, succeeding the founding chair, Herschel Roman. Hall remained on the faculty until his retirement in 2007.
Hall died in Seattle, Washington on April 2, 2019.

## Work

Hall's graduate thesis research identified the two major RNAs (18S and 28S) of the eukaryotic ribosome, under the mentorship of Paul M. Doty. After accepting a faculty appointment at the University of Illinois in 1958, Hall conducted studies of the RNA generated by T4 phage when infecting E. coli. By developing molecular hybridization techniques, his lab demonstrated that such RNAs had complementary sequences to those of the bacteriophage DNA, providing the first direct evidence for the existence of messenger RNA.
In 1963 Hall joined the faculty of the Department of Genetics at the University of Washington. Hall's subsequent accomplishments included the first demonstration of linkage between a DNA polymorphism and a phenotype, the discovery of tRNA introns, and production of the first DNA sequence of a mutant eukaryotic gene.
Hall's group also conducted studies of transcription by S. cerevisiae RNA Polymerases, identifying that several yeast RNA polymerases shared structural and functional similarity with those present in plants and animals. Based on these findings, Hall and colleagues developed methods for the expression of genetically engineered proteins in yeast. This technology established Saccharomyces as a facile organism for production of recombinant vaccines (including Hepatitis B and Human Papilloma virus vaccines) and other proteins having pharmaceutical value, including insulin.
Hall co-founded of ZymoGenetics (then Zymos) in 1981, which was one of Seattle's first biotechnology companies.
Later in his career Hall studied the molecular systematics, taxonomy, and evolutionary history of fungi and flowering plants, and accepted a part time position in the department of botany. In collaboration with Jay Shendure’s laboratory, Hall's group determined the genome sequence of the Rhododendron species R. williamsianum.
The Benjamin D. Hall Interdisciplinary Research Building at the University of Washington was dedicated in Hall's honor in 2006.

## Honors

* Guggenheim Fellowship, 1961
* American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2010
* National Academy of Sciences, 2014
# Tom Sawyer (1907 film)

Tom Sawyer is a lost 1907 American silent film based on Mark Twain's 1876 novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer made by Kalem Studios in New York City. It was the first time Twain's character appeared on film.
Very little else is currently known about the film, other than the screenplay was written by Gene Gauntier, the first of over 300 screenplays she eventually wrote.