OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Proculeian school

The Proculeian or Pegasian school was one of the two most important schools of law in ancient Rome during the 1st and 2nd centuries.

## Origin

The Proculeians originally took their name from the prominent jurist Proculus, but later came to often be called "Pegasians" after the prominent Proculeian Plotius Pegasus. However, the tradition on which the school was based comes from the jurist Marcus Antistius Labeo. Labeo spent half the year convening sessions at actual schools with regular students, who then carried forth his views and perspectives on the law.
They were often contrasted with the Sabinian school, a rival school operating in roughly the same time and place, and were (very generally) considered the more progressive of the two, while the Sabinians were seen as more advocates of legal conservatism. Proculeians were thought to "push a legal principle to all its logical consequences," and the legal tradition they inherited from Labeo was one of liberalism influenced by a keen understanding of the science of the day. The Proculeians tried to enlarge the scope of Roman law, and tried to push legal innovations into practice such as were suggested by their liberal philosophy and the principles of reason.
The progressive and conservative natures of the schools increased over time, and there came to be wider chasms between the two, which is perhaps why the schools came to be named after later prominent disciples and students, and not after their originators (the Proculeian school being named after Proculus but originated by Labeo, and the Sabinian school being named after Masurius Sabinus but originated by Gaius Ateius Capito).

## Positions

The Roman legal compendium known as Digest records many decisions in which the Proculeians advocated. Among these were:
* Fixing the legal age of puberty (decided in favor of the Proculeians)
* Deciding the validity of an appointment of an heir in a will in which the son had been omitted (decided in favor of the Sabinians)
* Deciding the validity of a will in which the will writer made inheritance conditional upon an impossible condition (decided in favor of the Sabinians)
* Deciding the legal effect on slaves that are jointly owned when one of the owners grants the slave their freedom (decided in favor of the Sabinians)

## End of the school

The rivalry with the Sabinians ended in the 2nd century CE when the two schools either merged or disappeared, or were united under the 3rd century's leading legal mind, Papinian.

## Notable Proculeians

* Marcus Antistius Labeo
* Marcus Cocceius Nerva (jurist)
* Marcus Cocceius Nerva (emperor's father)
* Publius Juventius Celsus
* Lucius Neratius Priscus
* Proculus (jurist)
* Plotius Pegasus
* Titus Aristo
# 1707 in Sweden

Events from the year 1707 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles XII

## Events

* 31 August - Treaty of Altranstädt (1707) signed between Charles XII of Sweden and Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, during the Great Northern War.
* The Ramlösa mineral water brand was established in 1707, becoming a well-known Swedish brand.
* Charles XII continued his military campaigns in Eastern Europe as part of the Great Northern War, which had significant impacts on Sweden's political and military landscape.

## Births

* 23 May - Carl von Linné, botanist, physician and zoologist (died 1778)

## Deaths

* - Brita von Cöln, painter (year of birth unknown)
* - Catarina Wentin, royal midwife (born 1637)
# Hannah Berner

Hannah Lucy Berner (born August 12, 1991) is an American comedian and television personality. She is best known as a cast member on Summer House.

## Early life

Berner was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Her mother is Lenore DiLeo Berner, a jazz singer and a former principal at MS51 (William Alexander Middle School in Brooklyn). Her father, Dan Berner, is a Lubin School of Business graduate. She has an older brother named Daniel.
She attended the University of Wisconsin, where she played tennis and pursued a Bachelor's Degree in Communication Arts Rhetoric with a Certificate in Gender and Women's Studies.

## Career

Early in Berner's career, she worked at the digital media company Betches. Then, she appeared on seasons 3 through 5 of Summer House. She also has become very popular on TikTok and other social media sites for her comedy interview bits, like "Han on the Street."
Berner's stand-up comedy Netflix special was released on July 9, 2024. It premiered at #2 on the Netflix charts.
She also hosts two hit podcasts - one she hosts with Paige DeSorbo (another Summer House alum) named Giggly Squad and another she hosts with her husband, named Berner Phone with Des Bishop. They have garnered over 100 million combined downloads.
She has also been a guest on several podcasts, like Two Hot Takes (hosted by Morgan Absher), Cancelled (hosted by Tana Mongeau), Call Her Daddy (hosted by Alexandra Cooper), and Off the Vine with Kaitlyn Bristowe. Berner served as a correspondent for the Vanity Fair Oscar Party 2025 with her Giggly Squad co-host, DeSorbo.
A 2024 New York Times feature about Berner quoted Whitney Cummings, who described Berner as "funny without the darkness and without hurting anybody".
Berner became one of Variety's "Top 10 Comics to Watch" in 2023.

## Personal life

In February 2021, Berner became engaged to Des Bishop, an Irish-American comedian. They married at Bishop's home in The Hamptons in New York State on 13 May 2022.
She has a cat named Butter. Compared to the competitive environment she experienced as a nationally ranked teen tennis player, Berner described the pressures of standup as "like being at after-school arts and crafts".

## Works
### Standup specials

* We Ride at Dawn (2024)

### Podcasts

* Berner Phone (July 2023 - Present)
* Giggly Squad (October 2020 - Present)
* Berning in Hell (November 2018 - June 2023)
# Chami, Mauritania

Chami (Arabic: شامي‎) is a planned city in the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region of Mauritania. Due to the gold mining in the region, the city is known as the "capital of gold" of Mauritania. It has around 4,214 inhabitants (2023 census), of whom 2,941 where males and 1,273 where women.

## Location and climate

Chami is located in the northwest of the country on highway N2, which runs from Nouakchott in the south to Nouadhibou and the border with Western Sahara in the north. The distance to the Atlantic coast is about 25 km. Due to its location in the western part of the Sahara, the climate is arid. The Banc d'Arguin National Park is located directly west of Chami.

## History

Chami was founded in 2012 in an area that had previously been almost uninhabited in order to counter the problem of "anarchic sedentarization" – the formation of new villages through the settlement of nomads without state control. The location was chosen because of its proximity to the N2 highway, which gained in importance after it was paved. The presence of the state and the founding of a settlement were intended to improve control over the desert area and to concentrate the population, who often lived in widely scattered micro-villages, in places where it was easier to provide public services.
Even before the first families arrived, infrastructure was constructed. Plans were made for 5,680 residential lots, 805 commercial units, and community and administrative buildings on an area of 600 hectares. A green belt with nearly 50,000 plants (mainly Prosopis juliflora) was planted around the town to protect against the ever-present wind. After several public buildings were completed in 2013, a mosque was also inaugurated in 2015. There are also solar street lamps, electricity supply and a water supply network.
The 2013 census put the population at just 51, In 2015, the population was estimated to be around 3000. The population of Chami grew rapidly after President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz confirmed the gold rush in 2016 and said that any Mauritanian could try their luck here. There was also an influx of migrants from Mali, Sudan and other countries.

## Economy

Chami is a showcase project for the Mauritanian government's modernization, urban development and population control policies. In addition to the development of the town, a number of businesses have also been established there.

## Controversies

About 10 km south of Chami, there is a gas station at a location where the water supply would have been easier. The owner of the gas station was considered a rival of the then President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, which is why it is assumed that he had the city founded at a different location, despite having a better location.
Contrary to the government's objectives, hardly any nomads from the surrounding area settled in Chami, as their income was not sufficient to buy land in Chami.
The mining activity causes severe environmental pollution, mainly due to the unregulated use of mercury. It is assumed that the prevailing northeast wind Harmattan carries mercury vapors into the Banc d'Arguin National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
# 2-Butanol

Butan-2-ol, or sec-butanol, is an organic compound with formula CH$_3$CH(OH)CH$_2$CH$_3$. Its structural isomers are 1-butanol, isobutanol, and tert-butanol. 2-Butanol is chiral and thus can be obtained as either of two stereoisomers designated as (R)-(−)-butan-2-ol and (S)-(+)-butan-2-ol. It is normally encountered as a 1:1 mixture of the two stereoisomers — a racemic mixture.
This secondary alcohol is a flammable, colorless liquid that is soluble in three parts water and completely miscible with organic solvents. It is produced on a large scale, primarily as a precursor to the industrial solvent methyl ethyl ketone.
| (R)-(−)-2-butanol | (S)-(+)-2-butanol |

## Manufacture and applications

Butan-2-ol is manufactured industrially by the hydration of 1-butene or 2-butene:
Sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst for this conversion.
In the laboratory it can be prepared via Grignard reaction by reacting ethylmagnesium bromide with acetaldehyde in dried diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran.
Although some butan-2-ol is used as a solute, it is mainly converted to butanone (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK), an important industrial solvent and found in many domestic cleaning agents and paint removers. Though most paint removers have ceased using MEK in their products due to health concerns and new laws. Volatile esters of butan-2-ol have pleasant aromas and are used in small amounts as perfumes or in artificial flavors.

## Solubility

The listed solubility of butan-2-ol is often incorrect, including some of the most well-known references such as the Merck Index, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, and Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. Even the International Programme on Chemical Safety lists the wrong solubility. This widespread error originated because of Beilstein's Handbuch der Organischen Chemie (Handbook of Organic Chemistry). This work cites a false solubility of 12.5 g/100 g water. Many other sources used this solubility, which has snowballed into a widespread error in the industrial world. The correct data (35.0 g/100 g at 20 °C, 29 g/100 g at 25 °C, and 22 g/100 g at 30 °C) were first published in 1886 by Alexejew and then similar data was reported by other scientists including Dolgolenko and Dryer in 1907 and 1913, respectively.

## Precautions

Like other butanols, butan-2-ol has low acute toxicity. The LD$_{50}$ is 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral).
Several explosions have been reported during the conventional distillation of 2-butanol, apparently due to the buildup of peroxides with the boiling point higher than that of pure alcohol (and therefore concentrating in the still pot during distillation). As alcohols, unlike ethers, are not widely known to be capable of forming peroxide impurities, the danger is likely to be overlooked. 2-Butanol is in Class B Peroxide Forming Chemicals
# Billaea zimini

Billaea zimini is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Turkmenistan, Iran.
# Tim Finseth

Timmy Lourie Finseth (born January 7, 1964) is an American politician in the state of Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives.
# 1714 in Sweden

Events from the year 1714 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles XII

## Events

* 9 February - Russian victory at the Battle of Storkyro. As a result, all of Finland fell under Russian military occupation for the rest of the war, a seven-year period of hardship known in Finland as the Great Wrath.
* 7 August - Battle of Gangut
* - Creation of the Stockholm County.
* - The Anna Jöransdotter case.

## Births

* 9 January - Elisabeth Stierncrona, writer (died 1769)
* 21 April - Anna Maria Hilfeling, miniaturist (died 1783)
* 31 October - Hedvig Taube, royal mistress (died 1744)
* 25 December - Israel Acrelius, priest (died 1800)

## Deaths

* 17 April – Haquin Spegel, author and hymn writer (born 1645)
* 19 April – Cornelius Anckarstierna, admiral (born 1655)
* – Hedvig Eleonora Stenbock, courtier (born 1658)
# REvolution: Live!

REvolution: Live! is a live CD/DVD released by the American band Lynch Mob in 2006. The album/DVD was recorded during the REvolution tour. For this release, Michael Frowein was replaced by Chas Stumbo (ex-Earshot)

## Personnel

* Robert Mason – vocals
* George Lynch – guitars
* Anthony Esposito – bass
* Chas Stumbo – drums
# Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board

Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board, 382 U.S. 70 (1965), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled on November 15, 1965, that persons (in this case, William Albertson) believed to be members of the Communist Party of the United States of America could not be required to register as party members with the Subversive Activities Control Board because the information which party members were required to submit could form the basis of their prosecution for being party members, which is a crime, and therefore deprived them of their self-incrimination rights under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
# Miryang Park clan

The Miryang Park clan (Korean: 밀양 박씨; Hanja: 密陽朴氏) or Milseong Park clan (밀성 박씨; 密城朴氏) is a Korean clan from Miryang, now in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The clan descends from the 10th century prince Park Eon-chim (박언침; 朴彦忱), son of King Gyeongmyeong of Silla.

## Goryeo royalty

* Lady Janggyeong of Jinhan State (진한국장경비), wife of Wang Pun, Marquess Ikyang , a great-grandson of Sinjong of Goryeo

## Joseon royalty

* Internal Princess Consort Park (부부인 밀양 박씨), wife of Grand Prince Yeongseong, half-brother of Taejo
* Royal Consort Gwi-in Park (귀인 박씨), Sejong the Great's concubine
* Princess Consort Park (군부인밀양 박씨), daughter of Park Joong-son (박중손) and wife of Yi Yeong, Prince Hwaui
* Royal Noble Consort Gyeong (경빈 박씨), concubine of Jungjong of Joseong
* Deposed Crown Princess Park (폐빈 박씨), wife of Deposed Crown Prince Yi Ji
* Royal Noble Consort Myeong (명빈), concubine of Sukjong of Joseon and mother of Prince Yeollyeong
* Royal Consort Sug-ui Park (숙의 박씨), wife of Sunjo of Joseon and mother of his only illegitimate child, Princess Yeongon
* Royal Consort Gwi-in Park (귀인 박씨), concubine of Cheoljong of Joseon and mothrt of his first son

## Notable members

* Pak Ton-ji (1342–1422), Korean scholar-bureaucrat of the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties
* Park Maeng-woo (born 1951), South Korean politician
* Joon Park (born 1969), Korean-American singer and entertainer, member of g.o.d
* Park Jae-sang (or "Psy", born 1977), South Korean singer
* Park Bo-young (born 1990), South Korean actress
* Park Hyung-sik (born 1991), South Korean actor and singer
* Park Ji-min (or "Jimin", born 1995), South Korean singer, member of BTS
# Ouray City Hall and Walsh Library

The Ouray City Hall and Walsh Library are a pair of buildings in downtown Ouray, Colorado, United States. Located on 6th Avenue between 3rd and 4th Streets, they are together listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

Constructed in 1900, the city hall was built as a miniature replica of Independence Hall in Philadelphia. Thomas Walsh, founder of the Camp Bird Mine, donated a library which occupied the second floor. The structure burned down in January 1950. It was listed on the Register in 1975. A restoration effort in 1976 as part of the city of Ouray Centennial failed, but another restoration effort led by then-mayor Bill Fries (C.W. McCall) succeeded in restoring the historic facade in 1988.
# Tom J. Shea

Tom J. Shea (born July 14, 1950) was an American businessman and politician.
Shea was born in Owatonna, Minnesota and graduated from Marian Catholic High School in Owatonna. He went to the University of Minnesota and Mankato State University. He lived in Owatonna, Minnesota with his wife and family and worked for the Shea Company, Inc. as vice-present and general manager. Shea served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1981 to 1984 and was a Democrat. He then served on the Steele County Commission from 1991 to 2010 and then served as Steele County administrator in 2011. Shea was also involved with the Steele County Agricultural Society, which operates the Steele County Free Fair.
His great-great uncle Richard Fitzgerald also served in the Minnesota Legislature.
# Printzia pyrifolia

Printzia pyrifolia is a species of plant from South Africa.

## Description

This erect and sparsely branched shrub grows to be up till 1.6 m (5.2 ft) tall. The oval shaped and alternately arranged leaves grow directly on the stem or on short stems. They have finely toothed margins. The upper surface is hairless while the lower surface is densely covered in felt-like white or grey hairs. Flowers are present between December and May. Dense flowerheads grow on the ends of branches and are surrounded by many rows of hairy bracts. The ray (outer) florets are white or purple. The disc inner) florets are white, yellow or purple. The outer layer of floral leaves are covered in bristles. The brown seeds are conical, ribbed and hairy.

## Distribution and habitat

This species grows in South Africa. It grows in damp areas, commonly near rivers and streams. It grows on rocky grasslands on mountain slopes.
# Cortland at Colliers Yard

Cortland at Colliers Yard is a 153 m (500 ft) tall, 50-storey residential skyscraper in the Greengate area of Salford, Greater Manchester, England. The building is part of developer Renaker's Greengate masterplan called Colliers Yard, which consists of three adjacent towers, the others being Bankside and Parkside. It was designed by OMI Architects with Denton Corker Marshall as the delivery architects. As of March 2025, it is the tallest building in Salford and the eighth-tallest building in Greater Manchester.

## History
### Planning

The planning application was submitted to Salford City Council in November 2019, with planning approval obtained in March 2020.

### Construction

Construction of Cortland at Colliers Yard commenced in 2020 and the building was completed in 2023. The tower contains 559 build-to-rent apartments.

### Sale to Cortland

In December 2021, the American real estate investment, development, and management company Cortland, together with Madison International Realty, bought the tower and named the project Cortland at Colliers Yard.
# Ulysse (disambiguation)

Ulysse may refer to:

## People

* Ulysse, a French male given name, the equivalent of the English name "Ulysses"

### Persons with the surname

* Denso Ulysse (1998), Haitian soccer player
* Fred Ulysse (1934–2020), French actor
* Gina Athena Ulysse (born 1966), Haitian-American anthropologist, feminist, artist
* Yves Ulysse Jr. (born 1988), Canadian boxer

## Arts, entertainment, media

* Ulysse FM, Tunisian radio station
* Ulysse (Rebel), an opera by Jean-Féry Rebel
* Ulysse (ballet), a French contemporary dance work by Jean-Claude Gallota.

## Other uses

* Fiat Ulysse, a European car, a multi-purpose-vehicle (MPV) minvan
* Team Ulysse, La Plaine, Quebec, Canada; a junior ice hockey team
# Heinrich Behmann

Heinrich Behmann (German:; 10 January 1891, Bremen-Aumund – 3 February 1970, Bremen-Aumund) was a German mathematician. He performed research in the field of set theory and predicate logic.
Behmann studied mathematics in Tübingen, Leipzig and Göttingen. During World War I, he was wounded and received the Iron Cross 2nd Class. David Hilbert supervised the preparation of his doctoral thesis, Die Antinomie der transfiniten Zahl und ihre Auflösung durch die Theorie von Russell und Whitehead. In 1922 Behmann proved that the monadic predicate calculus is decidable. In 1938 he obtained a professorial chair in mathematics at Halle (Saale). In 1945 he was dismissed for having been a member of the Nazi Party.
# Roanoke Rapids Graded School District

The Roanoke Rapids Graded School District (RRGSD) is a school district headquartered in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina.

## History

Recognizing the serious need for additional educational opportunities in Roanoke Rapids, a group of residents asked the North Carolina General Assembly to grant them a charter for a school district. It was adopted February 26, 1907. In 1908, A.E. Akers was chosen among 70 applicants as the first superintendent at an annual salary of $1,000. Akers was also required to teach the sixth and seventh grades.
A bond issue to build Roanoke Rapids High School was approved in 1920. Hobart Upjohn, a noted New York architect, was chosen to design the very best possible facility for the students and the community. The new building was not quite finished when the graduation of the class of 1921 was help there. The new half million dollar high school officially opened September 16, 1921. This building, with its classic Elizabethan style, has served as a landmark in Roanoke Rapids and northeastern North Carolina.
In 1924, the junior building was completed on the same campus.
In 1935 the district opened Clara Hearne School to serve the needs of its growing elementary aged population. The school is located on the west side of town at Eighth and Cedar Streets.
A new elementary school on the west side of town was opened in 1936 and named Vance Street School Later it was named William L. Medlin School in honor of a former, well respected board member who had served the community well for 32 years.
In 1957 additions to all elementary schools were completed and William L Manning School was constructed with state bond money.
The school board selected Jane B. Burke as the first female superintendent. She was hired for three years beginning July 1, 1995.
The current superintendent Dain Butler was hired in 2016. Dr. Butler established the districts new mission, vision, and strategic plan in July 2017.
In January 2018, the Trustees and the Halifax County Commissioners cut the ribbon on the new Manning Elementary School.
In August 2018, RRGSD opened the district's first Early College High School in cooperation with Halifax Community College. Roanoke Rapids Early College High School will jumpstart students’ college education and career preparation by blending high school and two years of college.
As of 2013 its student body is 70% white. The Halifax County School District and Weldon City Schools both had student bodies that were almost all of races other than non-Hispanic white.
As of 2017 the racial makeup was to 66% white, 21% black, 8% Hispanic, and 5% other.
The district's website shows the racial makeup for 2018 as: White 59%, Black 27%, Hispanic 8%, and Other 6%

## Schools

* Roanoke Rapids High School
* Chaloner Middle School
* Belmont Elementary School
* Manning Elementary School
* Clara Hearne Pre-K Center
* Roanoke Rapids Early College High School
# Verne Long

Verne Everett Long (September 24, 1925 – March 21, 2022) was an American politician from the state of Minnesota.
Long was born in Pipestone, Minnesota, and graduated from Pipestone Area High School in 1942. He was a livestock and grain farmer. He served on the Pipestone Township Board and the Pipestone School Board. Long also served on the University of Minnesota Board of Regents, in the House of Representatives for District 20 from 1963 to 1966, District 20A from 1967 to 1972, and District 26A from 1973 to 1974. Long died at the Good Samaritan Communities of Pipestone, in Pipestone. Long died on March 21, 2022, at the age of 96.