OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Katipalla

Katipalla is a small town, five km from Surathkal in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state, India. Residents primarily speak Tulu, while Muslims in Katipalla often speak Byari.

## Overview

Many residents of this place were rehabilitated from '''Panambur''', after the New Mangalore Port Trust ( NMPT ). "Katipalla" in local Tulu language literally means wild stream. 'Kati' means wild, 'palla' means stream. A stream originates from this place and flows downtoward towards the Krishnapura Matha and further down joining other streams. Before rehabilitation during the 1970s, the area was covered with forest infested with wild animals like tiger, hyena, fox etc. Perhaps name of this place may have derived because the wild animals used this water stream to quench their thirst. Here the population is mixed with three main religions Hindu, Muslim, & Christians.
Furthermore, Krishnapura Matha is one of Ashta Mathas of Udupi founded by Dvaita philosopher Sri Madhvacharya. Some of the area (blocks) of Katipalla are even today known as Krishnapura, especially those near to Krishnapura matha. The Krishnapura Matha has a Mukhyaprana (Maruti or Hanuman) temple inside. The structure of the Matha is supported by wood pillars. The Matha has exquisite wooden carving. The Mangalore petroleum refinery (MRPL) and BASF plant are also nearby.
# Andrés López Polanco

Andrés López Polanco, (died 1641) was a Spanish Baroque painter specializing in portraits. Documented in Madrid between 1608 and 1641, he worked for the court of King Philip III of Spain and King Philip IV of Spain. His exact date of birth is unknown.

## Biography

Born perhaps in Valladolid, as deduced from its signature (Andres LOPEZ / Pinciano F.) in the portrait of Juan Bautista de Acevedo, second bishop of Valladolid. Preserved in its cathedral, documentation concerning Polanco starts in 1608 when signed a work painted for the monastery of Santa Clara de Madrid (Museo del Prado, placed in the Arte Museum of Pontevedra). In 1612 he was commissioned to conduct the appraisal of the property of Juan Pantoja de la Cruz on behalf of their heirs. We know that in 1615, he married Mary Almora, and bought a house near old town on Platería street. In 1626 his brother Jerónimo López Polanco died, who in his will stated he was a painter and native of Madrid, asking to be buried in the Church of San Miguel de los Octoes, where his parents, also residents of Madrid, had been buried. The documentation related to their participation in various business valuations, and on one occasion acting as intermediary Alonzo Cano declares that in November 1641 Mary Almorais has become a widow.
In his portraits of Philip III (Nelahozeves Castle, Czech Republic) and Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain, he does not depart from the tradition of court portraiture, gently resolving the details of the clothing.
Polanco painted in 1635 a series of Gothic kings located in the Buen Retiro Palace (Army Museum) including the portrait of the Count-Duke of Olivares (National Sculpture Museum (Valladolid)), where he copied Diego Velázquez portrait in São Paulo, with dryness and hardness, and without the cross of the Order of Calatrava.
# Love & WWE: Bianca & Montez

Love & WWE: Bianca & Montez is a reality television series starring WWE wrestlers Bianca Belair and Montez Ford. The series follows their lives inside and outside of the ring in the build-up to WrestleMania 39. Filming commenced at the 2023 Royal Rumble. The eight episodes were released on February 2, 2024, through digital streaming service Hulu.

## Production

On November 2, 2023, Hulu announced the reality series starring WWE stars Belair and Ford. The first season was filmed for six months in 2023, focusing on the WrestleMania season.

## Episodes
### Series overview

| Season | Episodes | Episodes | Originally released | Originally released |
| Season | Episodes | Episodes | First released | Last released |
| 1 | 8 | 8 | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | TBA |

### Season 1

| No. overall | No. in season | Title | Original release date | Prod. code | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | 1 | "Love & WWE" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 101 | N/A |
| 2 | 2 | "Planning A Baby" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 102 | N/A |
| 3 | 3 | "The Training Game" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 101 | N/A |
| 4 | 4 | "Crunch Time" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 104 | N/A |
| 5 | 5 | "Long Distance Love" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 105 | N/A |
| 6 | 6 | "Too Busy To Get Busy" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 106 | N/A |
| 7 | 7 | "Stress & Mania" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 107 | N/A |
| 8 | 8 | "The Main Event" | February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) | 108 | N/A |
# Bartkus v. Illinois

Bartkus v. Illinois, 359 U.S. 121 (1959), is a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. The decision held that coordination of federal officials with state officials did not implicate the double jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It also held that a defendant may be acquitted of a federal crime and convicted of a state crime, even if those crimes share the same evidence, without violating the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
The case established the dual sovereign exception to the Double Jeopardy Clause, enabling state and federal prosecutions for substantially similar events.
# Ilah Marian Kibbey

Ilah Marian Kibbey (1883–1957) was an American genre and landscape painter. Her series Airplane Impressions consisted of paintings of views from various flights she took over the Midwest.

## Life

Ilah Marian Kibbey was born in Geneva, Ohio. She attended the New York School of Fine and Applied Art, the Fine Arts Institute of Kansas City (now known as Kansas City Art Institute), and the Art Institute of Chicago. Alongside her art career, she worked as a teacher for the Kansas City Public Schools and as a registrar at the Kansas City Art Institute.
Kibbey's works are housed in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Library of Congress, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art and the Kansas City Museum.
Kibbey died on August 10, 1958, in Kansas City, MO.

## Organizational Membership

* Society of Independent Artists
* the Prairie Water Color Club
* the Kansas City Society of Artists
* National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors
# Vernon L. Sommerdorf

Vernon L. Sommerdorf (April 9, 1921 – October 19, 2009) was an American physician and politician.
Sommerdorf was born in Brownton, McLeod County, Minnesota. He graduated from the University of Minnesota Medical School and served in the United States Navy during World War II. Sommerdorf lived with his wife and family in Saint Paul, Minnesota and he practiced medicine in Saint Paul. Sommerdorf served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1965 to 1972. He died in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
# Potamonautes isimangaliso

Potamonautes isimangaliso is a species of freshwater crab in the family Potamonautidae. It is endemic to iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Its natural habitat are the ephemeral wetlands fringing the western shores of False Bay. Molecular DNA analyses were required to distinguish it from the similar and rather variable P. lividus, which occurs further inland.

## Description

It most closely resembles P. lividus but its mtDNA differs from the former by between 7.4 and 7.8%. It is further distinguished by its unique suite of carapace characters, besides its colouration and size.

## Habitat

It occurs in oxygen-poor, fresh ephemeral pans.
# Ir Ganim

Ir Ganim (Hebrew: עיר גנים, "city of gardens") is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem, bordering Kiryat Menachem.

## History

Planning for Ir Ganim began in 1953. It was designed for a population of 8,000-10,000 new immigrants on 1,577 dunams of land. The first 500 housing units were built by the Rassco company employing a higher standard of building than other new immigrant neighborhoods. Each home had a private garden. Ir Ganim Aleph was established in 1957. Before moving to Ir Ganim, most of the residents had been living in maabarot (transit camps). Some of the land was owned by the Jewish National Fund and the rest was provided by the Israel Lands Administration.

## Demographics

The population of Ir Ganim neighborhood is diverse, including both native Israelis and immigrants from Ethiopia and Russia. It is considered a poor neighborhood, but has wealthier sections, such as Ir Ganim Aleph, overlooking the Judean Mountains. Kibbutz Reisheet, an urban kibbutz, is located in Ir Ganim.

## Sections and streets

The neighborhood is divided into three sections: Ir Ganim Aleph, between Mexico Road and Halamit Road, west of the valley that separates it from Kiryat Hayovel. Ir Ganim Bet lies between Panama, Dahomey, Halamit and Avivit Roads; and Ir Ganim Gimmel is bordered by Costa Rica Road. Many of the streets are named for countries in Latin America that voted in favor of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. Others are named for wildflowers.

## Public institutions

Ir Ganim shares a library and a community center (matnas)) with Kiryat Menachem.

## Archaeology

Surveys conducted on the slope stretching between Ha-Nurit and Costa Rica Streets in 'Ir Gannim documented burial caves, rock-cut installations, and modern agricultural terraces.
In 2005, before a new residential complex was built, rescue excavations were carried out at the slope. These excavations uncovered a sealed rock-cut burial cave typical to the late Second Temple Period, which contained well-preserved, in situ ossuaries, dating from the early Roman period. Additionally, archaeologists found rock-cut winepresses and architectural fragments dating back to the Roman-Byzantine periods.
Further salvage excavations in 2011 unveiled more ancient installations, including both rock-cut and built elements. Scholars have identified two distinct phases of construction: an earlier phase dating back no later than the Hasmonean period, and a later phase dating to the early Roman period.

## Nahal Lavan

The Lavan Valley is situated between Ir Ganim and Givat Massuah to the east and Moshav Ora to the west. The valley contains the riverhead of Nahal Sifan, the Second Temple period site of Ha-Rogem, olive presses, water cisterns and watch towers, and the ruins of an ancient settlement near Ein Lavan Spring.
# Catholic University of West Africa

Université Catholique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (UCAO) or Catholic University of West Africa was founded in 1967 as the Higher Institute of Religious Culture; later it became a university. It is situated in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It has also campuses in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso), Cotonou (Benin), Dakar(Senegal) and Lomé (Togo).
# Helio Castro

Helio Castro (born 27 October 1917, date of death unknown) was a Salvadoran sports shooter. He competed in two events at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Castro is deceased.
# Figure with Meat

Figure with Meat is a 1954 painting by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. The figure is based on the Pope Innocent X portrait by Diego Velázquez; however, in the Bacon painting the Pope is shown as a gruesome figure and placed between two bisected halves of a cow.
The carcass hanging in the background is likely derived from Rembrandt's Slaughtered Ox, 1655. The painting is in the permanent collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.

## Description

According to Mary Louise Schumacher of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Bacon appropriated the famous portrait, with its subject, enthroned and draped in satins and lace, his stare stern and full of authority. In Bacon's version, animal carcasses hang at the pope's back, creating a raw and disturbing Crucifixion-like composition. The pope's hands, elegant and poised in Velázquez's version, are rough hewn and gripping the church's seat of authority in apparent terror. His mouth is held in a scream and black striations drip down from the pope's nose to his neck.
The fresh meat recalls the lavish arrangements of fruits, meats and confections in 17th-century vanitas paintings, which usually carried subtle moralizing messages about the impermanence of life and the spiritual dangers of sensual pleasures. Sometimes, the food itself showed signs of being overripe or spoiled, to make the point. Bacon weds the imagery of salvation, worldly decadence, power and carnal sensuality, and he contrasts those things with his own far more palpable and existential view of damnation".

## Influence

The painting is featured in Tim Burton's 1989 film Batman. Criminals led by the Joker break into an art museum and vandalize various works of art; but upon seeing Figure with Meat, the Joker stops one of his men from damaging it, remarking "I kind of like this one, Bob. Leave it." Craig Shaw Gardner's novelization explains that it was in that art that Joker saw "A black-and-white figure, screaming with pain and anguish and madness, a creature both pitiful and terrifying in its intensity, as if it contained all the pain and anguish and madness in the world."
# Jamal Uddin Ahmad

Jamal Uddin Ahmad (c. 1929 – 3 January 2015) was a Bangladeshi politician and accountant. He served as the deputy prime minister of Bangladesh from 1977 until 1982. He also served as the president of the South Asian Federation of Accountants, as well as the president of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh for two terms. He was also on the board of directors of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).
In 1954, Ahmad received a master's degree in commerce from the University of Dhaka.
Ahmad died at his home in the Baridhara neighborhood in Dhaka on 3 January 2015, at the age of 85. His first funeral prayer was held at the Gulshan Azad Mosque in Gulshan Thana with burial at a family cemetery in Daulatpur union, Fatikchhari Upazila, Chittagong District.
# Vincent P. Kennedy

Vincent Pellet Kennedy (July 11. 1824 – February 3, 1903) was an American physician and politician.
Kennedy was born in western Pennsylvania near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Asbury University in 1849 and received his medical degree from Rush Medical College in 1851. Kennedy moved to Minnesota in 1856 and lived in Greenleaf, Meeker County, Minnesota with his wife and family. He served in the 5th Minnesota Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. Kennedy served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1861 and 1862 and in the Dakota Territorial Legislature in 1885. Kennedy died in Litchfield, Minnesota.
# Surety Building

The Surety Building in Muskogee, Oklahoma is an eight-story skyscraper built for the Southern Surety Company in 1910.
It is one of five skyscraper buildings, ranging from five to ten stories tall, built in 1910–1912 and included in the Pre-Depression Muskogee Skyscrapers Thematic Resources study. The others are:
* Baltimore Hotel,
* Manhattan Building,
* Railroad Exchange Building, and
* Severs Hotel.
It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## General description

The Surety Building was constructed in 1910 in downtown Muskogee, at the corner of Broadway and Third Street by the Southern Surety Company. The approximate cost was $325,000. It was the first building in Eastern Oklahoma to be considered a skyscraper. It was used as offices by government officials, attorneys, petroleum companies, and land developers.
Although the architect is not known, the building's style is classed as Sullivanesque Chicago Style. It is a skeleton-framed rectangular structure with a flat roof. It has the characteristics employed by Louis Sullivan, such as elaborate projecting cornices, ornate two-story base and linteled windows with vertical bands.

## Conversion to senior-living apartments

The building was converted into affordable apartments designed for senior living. It contains 18 one-bedroom units and 19 two-bedroom units, which went into service in 2006. Funding for the conversion was provided through the Federal Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program.
# Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante

Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante (1633 in Cordoba–1669 in Madrid) was a Spanish Baroque Golden Age painter.
He was born in Córdoba, studied under Francisco Ricci in Madrid, and developed a career in the Spanish Court despite his early death. He was an admirer of Venetian paintings by Tintoretto and Veronese. His last paintings are in the rococo style. He is known for his religious paintings, e.g. Roman Catholic Marian art depicting the Immaculate Conception.
# PAX Technology

PAX Technology is a Chinese manufacturer of payment terminals, PIN pads, and point of sale hardware and software. The company is headquartered in Shenzhen, listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and sells its products globally.

## History

PAX Technology was founded in Shenzhen (China) in 2000. Jack Lu and Tiger Nie are currently Group CEO and chairman of the Board respectively.
In 2002, PAX was selected as supplier of EFTPOS terminals for China UnionPay Merchant Services and supplier for Bank of China & Bank of Communications in 2004. In 2010, PAX was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
In 2013, PAX was listed in Forbes Asia 200 Best Under A Billion Companies. In 2016, PAX announced a strategic partnership with Samsung to implement the Samsung Pay payment method in PAX payment terminals. Later same year, PAX unveiled its first Android smart terminal.
As of October 2022, according to Nilson Report, PAX has become the second-largest global payment terminal provider.

### Cybersecurity concerns

In October 2021, Worldpay, Inc., a subsidiary of FIS, began removing PAX point of sale products due to cybersecurity concerns.

### Federal raid of U.S. offices

On October 26, 2021, it was reported that agents from the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Homeland Security, and other federal officials raided the Jacksonville, Florida offices of PAX Technology. KrebsOnSecurity reported the raid was tied to reports that PAX's systems may have been involved in cyberattacks on U.S. and E.U. organizations. Following the raid, a senior executive in charge of PAX Technology's security resigned.
# Beecher v. Alabama

Beecher v. Alabama, 389 U.S. 35 (1967), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that eliciting a confession from a suspect while he was under the influence of morphine and recovering from a gunshot wound violated the Due Process Clause.

## Description

Although the decision was unanimous and unsigned, the four concurring justices disagreed with describing this as a violation of the Due Process Clause. The four would have described it as a violation of the Fifth Amendment's self-incrimination protections, which had recently been incorporated against the states in Malloy v. Hogan.
# Jaden Shaw

Jaden Shaw is a Jamaican chess player. He was the Jamaican Chess Champion in 2023.

## Chess career

In April 2021, he won the Jamaica Chess Federation Open Satellite Chess Tournament, which allowed him to advance to the preliminary stage of the American qualifier for the Chess World Cup 2021.
In August 2022, he played for Jamaica at the 44th Chess Olympiad. He became known for offering a draw against grandmaster Meelis Kanep, who had fainted and was rushed to the hospital during their game. The team ultimately recorded 5 wins, 5 losses, and one draw at the end of the tournament, finishing 85th after being seeded 108th.
In April 2023, he was given the 2022 Prime Minister's National Youth Awards for Excellence in sports after becoming Jamaica's youngest national chess champion. He achieved a score of 10/11 in the tournament.
# Thatcher ministry

Thatcher ministry may refer to:
* First Thatcher ministry, the British majority government led by Margaret Thatcher from 1979 to 1983
* Second Thatcher ministry, the British majority government led by Margaret Thatcher from 1983 to 1987
* Third Thatcher ministry, the British majority government led by Margaret Thatcher from 1987 to 1990
# Virgil J. Johnson

Virgil J. Johnson (born April 23, 1932) is an American politician in the state of Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives.
# Maruthamalai Marudhachalamurthy Temple

Marudhamalai Murugan Temple or the Maruthamalai Marudhachalamurthy Temple, is a popular 12th-century hill temple situated in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Built by Tamil kings during the Sangam period as indicated in the Purananuru, the temple is dedicated to Lord Murugan and is considered the Seventh House of Lord Murugan.
Like most Murugan temples, the temple is situated upon a hill, part of the Western Ghats about 12 km west from the centre of the city of Coimbatore. Thai Poosam and other Murugan festivals are celebrated here. On many evenings, the devotees take out a procession of Lord Murugan sitting in a chariot (Rath Yatra) and encircle the temple.
The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

## Etymology

The name Marudhamalai refers to the 600 ft (180 m) tall granite hill on which the temple stands and is derived from the native tree called marudham or marudha maram (Terminalia arjuna, also known as the Arjuna tree) which grows there, and malai, meaning hill or mountain in Tamil. This Murugan temple is special since it is on the east face on the hill, unlike other Murugan temples on the hills.

### Marudhamalai Adivaram

Marudhamalai, or Marudhamalai Adivaram (meaning "at the foot of Maradhumalai"), is also the name of the locality to the east of the hill and the temple. It forms part of the 17th ward of Coimbatore Corporation.

## Site

The presiding deity is addressed by multiple names, such as Marudhamalai Andavar, Marudachalapathi and Dhandayuthanpani. There are springs or pools of sacred water (theertham) around the temple, namely Maruda Theertham and Skanda Theertham, which are believed to possess medicinal properties.

## Pambatti Siddhar

In the southern end of the temple the pragaram staircase to the Pambatti Siddhar cave is located. Pambatti Siddhar (or Paambatti Siddhar) was one of the 18 Siddhars and lived during the 12th century. Pambatti Siddhar performed penance on the Marudhamalai hill. Lord Murugan is said to have appeared as a snake to him, and to have appeared again later along with his consorts Valli and Deivanai, who is said to have given Siddhar the Marudha Theertham and blessed him. A connecting tunnel route from Lord Murugan's sanctum sanctorum and Siddhar's cave was formed and Siddhar is believed to have used it to worship the Lord.
# Bruton v. United States

Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123 (1968), is a 1968 United States Supreme Court ruling in which the Court held that a defendant was deprived of his rights under the Confrontation Clause if a confession by his codefendant was introduced in their joint trial, regardless of whether the jury received instructions only to consider it against the confessor. This has become known as the Bruton rule. The case overruled Delli Paoli v. United States (1957).

## Reasoning

As the basis for its holding, the Supreme Court stated that "There are some contexts in which the risk that the jury will not, or cannot, follow instructions is so great, and the consequences of failure so vital to the defendant, that the practical and human limitations of the jury system cannot be ignored. Such a context is presented here, where the powerfully incriminating extrajudicial statements of a codefendant, who stands accused side-by-side with the defendant, are deliberately spread before the jury in a joint trial. Not only are the incriminations devastating to the defendant but their credibility is inevitably suspect . . . . The unreliability of such evidence is intolerably compounded when the alleged accomplice, as here, does not testify and cannot be tested by cross-examination."