OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georgian Intelligence Service

The Georgian Intelligence Service (GIS) (Georgian: საქართველოს დაზვერვის სამსახური, sakartvelos dazvervis samsakhuri) is a national intelligence agency of Georgia, with its headquarters in Tbilisi. The current chief of the service is Irakli Beraia, appointed in 2024.
The GIS is directly subordinated to the Prime Minister of Georgia. It is responsible for providing national security intelligence assessment and conducting counter-intelligence duties abroad.

## History

After the declaration of independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Georgia established its own intelligence agency, the Service for Information and Intelligence (საინფორმაციო–სადაზვერვო სამსახური), on the basis of the Soviet-era Committee for State Security. The Georgian KGB was notable in that it was considered to be the one of the most effective of the KGB's regional Soviet branches, under the command of Aleksi Inauri and Givi Gumbaridze for most of its existence.
From 1993 to 1997, the SII functioned as the Chief Directorate for Foreign Intelligence (საგარეო დაზვერვის მთავარი სამმართველო) under the Ministry for State Security. On September 19, 1997, the agency was transformed into an independent State Intelligence Department (დაზვერვის სახელმწიფო დეპარტამენტი), with two regional divisions for Adjara and Abkhazia. Being briefly under the Ministry for State Security from 2004 to 2005, the agency was again made independent as the Foreign Intelligence Special Service (საგარეო დაზვერვის სპეციალური სამსახური) on January 24, 2005.
The current name was adopted in compliance with the new intelligence legislation passed in the Parliament of Georgia on April 27, 2010.

## Structure

The GIS consists of five principal subdivisions. These are:
* Analytical Directorate
* Information Directorate
* Security Directorate
* Administrative Directorate
* Training Center

## Chiefs of Georgian intelligence agency (1997–present)

* Avtandil Ioseliani (September 1997 – February 2004)
* Valeri Chkheidze (February–June 2004)
* Batu Kutelia (June–October 2004)
* Anna Zhvania (October 2004 – February 2008)
* Gela Bezhuashvili (February 2008 – December 2013)
* Davit Sujashvili (December 2013 – September 2019)
* Levan Izoria (September 2019 – 2020)
* Shalva Lomidze (February 2020- April 3, 2024)
* Irakli Beraia (April 5, 2024- present)
# María de Jesús Aguirre Maldonado

María de Jesús Aguirre Maldonado (born 25 December 1961) is a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 she served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Nuevo León. In 2021 she was elected for the third time as deputy for the 8th federal district, serving in the LXV Legislature, which will end in 2024; in the Chamber of Deputies she is president of the Rural Development and Conservation, Agriculture and Food Self-Sufficiency Committee, and member of the Citizen Security and Social Security Committees.
# Will Robinson (Florida politician)

William Cloud "Will" Robinson Jr. (November 15, 1975) is a Republican member of the Florida Legislature representing the state's 71st House district, which includes parts of Manatee and Sarasota counties.

## Florida House of Representatives

Robinson defeated Democrat Tracy Pratt in the November 6, 2018 general election, winning 55.59% of the vote.
# Astravyets district

Astravyets district or Astraviec district (Belarusian: Астравецкі раён; Russian: Островецкий район) is a district (raion) of Grodno region in Belarus. The administrative center is Astravyets. As of 2024, it has a population of 28,662.

## History

* 1940 – Astravyets District was established in Vilyeyka Region
* 1941 – the area was bombed and then occupied by German troops
* 1944 – Soviet partisans liberated Astravyets and the district became part of Molodechno Region.
* 1960 – the district became part of Grodno Region
* 1991 – the Republic of Belarus became independent
* 2007 – the heraldic symbols of Astravyets and Astravyets District were officially recognized
* 2011 – construction began on the nuclear power plant in Astravyets District
* 2012 – Astravyets received the status of city

## Administrative divisions

Astravyets district is divided into 9 village soviets:
* Vornyansky
* Gherviatsky
* Gudogaysky
* Mihalishkovskiy
* Astravyets
* Podolsky
* Rytan
* Spondovo
* Trokenik

## Notable residents

* Napoleon Cybulski (1854 – 1919), Polish physiologist
* Adam Maldzis (1932, Rasoly village – 2022), Belarusian historian, literary critic and scholar
# Oppidum de Nages

The Oppidum de Nages or Oppidum des Castels is on a hilltop overlooking the valley called the Vaunage, above the village of Nages-et-Solorgues, in Gard, between Nîmes et Sommières, in Occitanie, France. It is one of six iron-age oppida in the Vaunage, occupied between 800 BCE and 50 BCE. It has been listed since 1980 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

## History

The name Vaunages is a contraction of "Vallée de Nages", the valley of Nages, which is a furrowed combe at the edge of the garrigues plateau, surrounded by 200m-high hills that isolate it from the surroundings. There are two natural entrances, one to east coming from Nîmes, and one to the south towards Vergèze. As the name suggests Nages, and the hill behind play a dominant rôle in the area. There are hundreds of archaeological sites in the Vaunage. However it is the oppidum of Nages that has provided the richest archeological finds.
These valleys have been populated for over 2,000 years. Six oppida, dominated by that at Nages, were home to the Volques Arécomiques, who built them in the 8th century BC and remained there till the 1st century AD :
* Oppidum de Nages in the commune of Nages-et-Solorgues;
* Oppidum de Roque de Viou, an earlier settlement in the commune of Saint-Dionizy but on the same ridge only some 200m away from the Oppidum de Nages
* Oppidum de la Liquière, above the hamlet of Sinsans, in the commune of Calvisson;
* Oppidum de la Font du Coucou above Calvisson;
* Oppidum du Roc de Gachonne above Calvisson;
* Oppidum de Mauressip or "Mouressipe", in the commune of Saint-Côme-et-Maruéjols.

## Archaeology

The site was excavated and then partially restored, between 1958 and 1974 by the French archaeologist Michel Py. Four stages of construction can be detected. The Volques first occupied the neighbouring Oppidum de Roque de Viou, then about 300 BCE moved into the larger Oppidum des Castel but abandoned it about 50 BCE moving into the Gallo-Roman settlement of Nemausis (Nimes). The oppidium contained public buildings, roads, houses and shops a fanum(Gaulish temple).
# Dr. William E. Murphey House

The Dr. William E. Murphey House was a historic residence near Trinity, Alabama, United States. The house was built around 1824 by George Murphey, a settler from North Carolina. The house eventually passed to his son, William. It was a Tidewater cottage with a hall and parlor layout, common in Murhpey's native North Carolina but rare in North Alabama. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It was destroyed by a tornado on April 27, 2011.
# Nonlocal operator

In mathematics, a nonlocal operator is a mapping which maps functions on a topological space to functions, in such a way that the value of the output function at a given point cannot be determined solely from the values of the input function in any neighbourhood of any point. An example of a nonlocal operator is the Fourier transform.

## Formal definition

Let $X$ be a topological space, $Y$ a set, $F(X)$ a function space containing functions with domain $X$, and $G(Y)$ a function space containing functions with domain $Y$. Two functions $u$ and $v$ in $F(X)$ are called equivalent at $x\in X$ if there exists a neighbourhood $N$ of $x$ such that $u(x')=v(x')$ for all $x'\in N$. An operator $A:F(X)\to G(Y)$ is said to be local if for every $y\in Y$ there exists an $x\in X$ such that $Au(y)=Av(y)$ for all functions $u$ and $v$ in $F(X)$ which are equivalent at $x$. A nonlocal operator is an operator which is not local.
For a local operator it is possible (in principle) to compute the value $Au(y)$ using only knowledge of the values of $u$ in an arbitrarily small neighbourhood of a point $x$. For a nonlocal operator this is not possible.

## Examples

Differential operators are examples of local operators. A large class of (linear) nonlocal operators is given by the integral transforms, such as the Fourier transform and the Laplace transform. For an integral transform of the form
    $(Au)(y)=\int \limits _{X}u(x)\,K(x,y)\,dx,$
where $K$ is some kernel function, it is necessary to know the values of $u$ almost everywhere on the support of $K(\cdot ,y)$ in order to compute the value of $Au$ at $y$.
An example of a singular integral operator is the fractional Laplacian
    $(-\Delta )^{s}f(x)=c_{d,s}\int \limits _{\mathbb {R} ^{d}}{\frac {f(x)-f(y)}{|x-y|^{d+2s}}}\,dy.$
The prefactor $c_{d,s}:={\frac {4^{s}\Gamma (d/2+s)}{\pi ^{d/2}|\Gamma (-s)|}}$ involves the Gamma function and serves as a normalizing factor. The fractional Laplacian plays a role in, for example, the study of nonlocal minimal surfaces.

## Applications

Some examples of applications of nonlocal operators are:
* Time series analysis using Fourier transformations
* Analysis of dynamical systems using Laplace transformations
* Image denoising using non-local means
* Modelling Gaussian blur or motion blur in images using convolution with a blurring kernel or point spread function
# William G. O'Neill

William G. O'Neill (February 14, 1921 – May 24, 1996) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives.

## Life and career

O'Neill was born in Arcadia, Florida. He attended the University of Florida and the University of Florida School of Law.
In 1957, O'Neill was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, serving until 1966.
O'Neill died in May 1996, at the age of 75.
# MCX connector

MCX (micro coaxial connector) are coaxial RF connectors developed in the 1980s. They have the same inner contact and insulator dimensions as the SMB connector but are 30% smaller. MCX is standardized in European CECC 22220. The connectors are rated for 500 mating cycles.

## Connector design

MCX connectors use a snap-on interface and usually have a 50 Ω impedance (some are 75 Ω) . They offer broadband capability from DC to 6 GHz. The contact surfaces are gold-plated.
The outer diameter of the plug is approx 3.6 mm or 0.140 inch.

## Use

MCX and the smaller MMCX connector are frequently used to connect external antennas to GPS receivers. They are also common on USB DVB-T tuners for computers and laptops, to connect an external antenna to the tuner.
The MCX connector is also being used on at least some of the new generation of mostly inexpensive software-defined oscilloscopes and/or signal generators such as the DS212. This is a low frequency application, at most a few MHz bandwidth, so the electrical performance characteristics are relatively unimportant, however the small size would appear to be an important feature.
# Black Cross (Hezekiah Jones)

"Black Cross" (AKA "Hezekiah Jones", after the main character) is a poem by Joseph Simon Newman (uncle of screen actor Paul Newman), published in his 1948 collection It Could Be Verse!.
Hezekiah was a poor black farmer, who worked his two acres of land; but, he also saved up for and read books. The white folks thereabouts thought him harmless enough, but that "reading ain't no good for an ignorant nigger". Reverend Green, of the white man's church, visited him and asked if he believed in the Lord, the church, and Heaven. Hezekiah replied, that he'd never seen the Lord; that the church was divided; and that he tried to be as good as he could without expecting anything from Heaven or the Lord.
   "You don't believe nothin'," said the white man's preacher. "Oh yes I do," said Hezekiah, "I believe that a man should be beholding to his neighbor Without the reward of Heaven or the fear of hell fire."
   “Well, there's a lot of good ways for a man to be wicked!" And they hung Hezekiah as high as a pigeon, And the nice folks around said, "Well, he had it comin' 'Cause the son-of-a-bitch didn't have no religion!"
The poem was a signature piece of the American stage performer Lord Buckley. A live performance, in which he speaks the words over a solo female voice singing and humming the spiritual "Kumbaya" and a sparse instrumental accompaniment, is included on his 1959 album Way Out Humor, re-released in 1964 as Lord Buckley in Concert.
Early in his career, Bob Dylan performed the poem, in slightly shortened form, as a spoken piece with guitar accompaniment in a style based on that of Lord Buckley. Two amateur recordings exist: on one of the Minnesota Hotel Tapes, December 1961, and on the Second Gaslight Tape, October 1962. The Minnesota performance was released on the 1969 bootleg album Great White Wonder, and has since been included in other unofficial compilations. The Gaslight performance was released on the unofficial 1985 album Gaslight Tapes.
# Epialtidae

Epialtidae is a family of crabs, containing the subfamilies:
* Epialtinae MacLeay, 1838
* Pisinae Dana, 1851
* Pliosomatinae Števčić, 1994
* Tychinae Dana, 1851
* †Actinotocarcininae
# Mathijs Tielemans

Mathijs Tielemans (born 26 April 2002) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Eerste Divisie club Excelsior on loan from Vitesse.

## Career
### PSV

Tielemans was born in Veldhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands, and started playing football for local club RKVVO in 2008. In 2010, he joined the PSV youth academy, progressing through the youth teams before reaching the reserve team, Jong PSV in 2020. On 20 June 2020, Tielemans signed his first professional contract with PSV, a one-year contract.
He made his professional debut for Jong PSV on 6 November 2020, playing the full away match against FC Den Bosch in the Eerste Divisie, which they won 2–1, and in which Tielemans provided an assist for Fodé Fofana. Jong PSV was without eighteen players for the game, twelve of whom were sidelined due to a COVID-19 infection. As a result, they fielded a number of youth players, including Tielemans. On 24 November, he scored his first professional goal in a 1–1 league draw against Jong Utrecht, heading in the follow-up from Joël Piroe's saved shot.
Following Tielemans' breakthrough for Jong PSV, his contract with the club was extended on 23 March 2021; he signed a two-year contract until 2023.
In the 2022–23 season, Tielemans evolved into a key player for Jong PSV and was appointed team captain. On 24 October 2022, he scored his first brace in a convincing 6–0 victory against local rivals Helmond Sport.

### Vitesse

On 19 June 2023, Tielemans signed a three-year contract with Vitesse.

#### Loan to Excelsior

On 4 February 2025, Tielemans moved on loan to Excelsior, with an option to buy.
# Byerastavitsa district

Byerastavitsa district or Bierastavica district (Belarusian: Бераставіцкі раён; Russian: Берестовицкий район) is a district (raion) of Grodno region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa. As of 2024, it has a population of 14,445.

## History

The district was founded from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union on January 15, 1940, as Krynki Raion; in 1944, it was renamed to the current name.

## Notable residents

* Andrzej Poczobut (born 1973, Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa), Belarusian and Polish journalist and activist, political prisoner
# Paskuqan Kodër

Paskuqan Kodër is a village in the former municipality of Paskuqan in Tirana County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Kamëz.
# François-Henri Briard

François-Henri Briard (French pronunciation:) is a French Supreme Court Attorney born the 10 September 1957. Chairman of the Vergennes Institute, founded in 1993 with Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, to whom he was close. He is a member of the Federalist society, of the Supreme Court Historical Society, of the Society of the Cincinnati and of the Académie de Versailles.

## Early life

Born into a military family, Briard is a graduate of Sciences Po Paris and the University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas. He is a Supreme Court Attorney since 1988.

## Career

He is best known as the attorney of François Fillon, former French Prime Minister. He also acted as counsel for Nicaraguan workers against the Dow Chemical Company and in favor of François Compaoré, brother of the former Burkina Faso's president.
He maintains close ties with the American world, and provides interpretation and commentary for French-speaking audiences. Briard was received in a private audience at the White House by Presidents George W. Bush and Donald Trump and attended the swearing-in ceremony of President Barack Obama on 20 January 2009. Briard looks at the issue of concealing the face in public spaces.
François-Henri Briard was a trustee of Sarah Lawrence College in New York for eight years.
He was an auditor at the IHEDN.
He has published the book Vivre libre (2021) and he is a defender of freedom of speech.

## Bibliography (non-exhaustive)
### Books

* Vivre Libre, Ipanema, 2021, 186 p.
* Le virus de la liberté, Ipanema, 2022, 205 p.

### Articles

* (with Stéphane Bonichot), "La Cour Suprême des États-Unis : enjeu et arbitre de l'élection du 5 novembre", in Conflits, 2024.
* (with Marine Ancel) "La dérogation « Espèces protégées »", in Florilèges du droit de l'environnement, La Mémoire du Droit, 2024.
* "La nomination des membres de la Cour suprême des États-Unis", in Nouv. Cahiers du Conseil constitutionnel (2018/1 N° 58), p. 59-70.
* "Libres propos sur la Cour suprême des États-Unis", in Revue belge de droit constitutionnel, July 2013, n° 2012–3–4, p. 301-307.
* "Droits de l'homme et psychothérapie", in Journal français de psychiatrie (2004/1), p. 19-20.
* "La Cour suprême des Etats-Unis d'Amérique et le procès équitable" in Mélanges Pactet. L'esprit des institutions, l'équilibre des pouvoirs, Dalloz, 2003, p. 503.

## Awards and honours

* Legion of Honour;
* National Order of Merit;
* Order of Academic Palms;
* Prix de la Réserve militaire.
# George H. W. Bush Monument

The George H. W. Bush Monument, also known as the President Bush Monument, is an 8-foot (2.4 m) bronze statue of George H. W. Bush in Houston's Sesquicentennial Park, in the U.S. state of Texas.
The monument was designed by Chas Fagan. The wider project included a plaza and a wall with four reliefs depicting events of Bush's career, sculpted by Willy Wang. The privately funded project cost $1.7million and was led by David B. Jones and local immigration lawyer Charles Foster. It was unveiled in December 2004.
# Mohamed Abar

Mohamed Elmi Abar is a Djiboutian professional football manager. From May to October 2008, he coached Djibouti national football team.
# Pathrik Westerholm

Pathrik Westerholm (born 6 January 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Rauman Lukko in the Finnish Liiga. Westerholm was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the 6th round (180th overall) of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

Westerholm made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Brynäs IF during the 2014–15 SHL season. Pathrik's twin brother Ponthus is also a professional hockey player.
On 3 May 2017, Westerholm left Brynäs alongside brother Ponthus, and signed a two-year contract with Frölunda HC.
After claiming the Swedish Championship in his final season under contract in 2018–19 season, Westerholm left as a free agent to move to the Finnish Liiga, again alongside Ponthus, agreeing to a one-year deal with Lukko on 8 May 2019.

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |
| CHL |||
| Champions (Frölunda HC) | 2019 |
| SHL |||
| Le Mat Trophy (Frölunda HC) | 2019 |
# Cross-dominance

Cross-dominance, also known as mixed-handedness, hand confusion, or mixed dominance, is a motor skill manifestation in which a person favors one hand for some tasks and the other hand for others, or a hand and the contralateral leg. For example, a cross-dominant person might write with the left hand and do everything else with the right one, or manage and kick a ball preferentially with the left leg.
   Overall, being mixed handed seems to result in better performance than being strongly handed for sports such as basketball, ice hockey, and field hockey. What these sports have in common is that they require active body movements and also an ability to respond to either side. The situation is reversed for racquet sports such as tennis. Individuals with crossed hand-eye preference seem to be much better at gymnastics, running, and basketball because of the way in which congruent and crossed sided individuals position their bodies.

## In baseball

In baseball a left-handed batter is about two steps closer to first base than a right-handed batter, one important advantage. Because curveballs and sliders – the most commonly used breaking pitches in the game – curve in the direction of a pitcher's non-throwing hand, a batter who bats opposite the pitcher's throwing hand enjoys an advantage. Since most pitchers are right-handed, left-handed batters enjoy a second advantage over their right-handed counterparts. However, right-handed throwing is more valuable in the infield. Every fielding position can be played by a right-handed thrower, although left-handers are considered more valuable pitchers and have a slight advantage at first base as they do not have to turn around to place their foot on first when stretching to catch a throw, and because their gloved hand is closer to the runner on pick-off plays. Conversely, left-handed throwers are almost completely absent at the highest level at the other infield positions and at catcher. Switch hitting exists so a batter can hit from the side opposite every pitcher's throwing arm, but it has gained some criticism because a batter will always be more dominant from one side of the plate than the other; the switch hitter may be less reliable from one side. So, many baseball players are trained to be simply cross-dominant, batting solely left-handed and throwing solely right-handed. There are a few position players, such as Rickey Henderson and Cleon Jones, who bat right and throw left, but this serves as a substantial disadvantage. Henderson batted right despite his natural inclination to do so left-handed only because he was taught to do so by right-handed teammates.