# Belize Defence Force

The Belize Defence Force (BDF) is the military of Belize, and is responsible for protecting the sovereignty of the country. The BDF is under the Ministry of National Defence and Border Security, which is currently headed by Hon. Florencio Marin Jr.; the BDF itself is commanded by Brigadier General Azariel Loria. In 2012, the Belizean government spent about $17 million on the military, constituting 1.08% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).

## History

The military of Belize dates back to 1817, when the Prince Regent Royal Honduras Militia, a volunteer organization, was founded.
Between 1817 and 1978, the military force in Belize has had ten different names:
* The Prince Regent's Royal Militia (1817–1866)
* The Belize Volunteer Force (1866–1868)
* The Belize Volunteer Corps (1868–1883)
* The Belize Light Infantry Volunteer Force (1897–1905)
* British Honduras Volunteers (1905–1916)
* British Honduras Territorial Force (1916–1928)
* British Honduras Defence Force (1928–1942)
* British Honduras Home Guard (1942–1943)
* British Honduras Volunteer Guard (1943–1973)
* Belize Volunteer Guard (1973–1977)
The BDF was founded in 1978 following the disbanding of the Belize Volunteer Guard and the Police Special Force the year before.
After Belize achieved independence in 1981 the United Kingdom maintained the deterrent British Forces Belize in the country to protect it from invasion by Guatemala. During the 1980s this included a battalion and No. 1417 Flight RAF of Harriers. The main British force left in 1994, three years after Guatemala recognised Belizean independence, but the United Kingdom maintained a training presence via the British Army Training and Support Unit Belize (BATSUB) and 25 Flight AAC until 2011 when the last British Forces left Ladyville Barracks, with the exception of seconded advisers. The BDF Maritime Wing became part of the Belize Coast Guard Service in November 2005.
On October 15, 2011, the BDF changed their issued military uniforms from American-based to digital versions since October due to concerns that criminals can easily acquire them.
In October 2015, due to rising tensions between Belize and Guatemala and the British cutback on military bases worldwide to focus on the War On Terror in 2011, Belize asked the UK to bring BATSUB back; the British Government brought BATSUB to Belize once again.

## Organization

The BDF consists of:
* Headquarters
* Service/Support Battalion
* Two Regular Battalions
* One Volunteer Battalion
* Air Wing
* Special Boat Unit
* Support Group
* Cadets
* BDF Band

### 1st Infantry Battalion

The First Infantry Battalion came into existence in 1993. This was as a direct result of the British Government decision to withdraw British Forces from Belize and handing over the Defence of Belize to Belizeans. Since that time, the battalion participated in extensive military exercises in Belize as well a selected part of its staff going abroad to participate in United Nations Peace Operations in Haiti. The battalion consists of three infantry companies and a small HQ staff. It operates in the entire country alternating from the south to the north of the country. Presently, it is stationed at Fairweather Camp, Punta Gorda in the Toledo District with its two companies and in Belize City maintaining a presence to accomplish its task as stipulated in the Defence Act. Every February, the battalions alternate between Ladyville and Punta Gorda. The Battalion is equipped with small arms, a fleet of transportation, its integral logistics slice, and its own signalers. Other support is received from the Logistics unit in Price Barracks. Recruiting for the unit is done by the BDF Headquarters and its leaders are trained by the Logistics Company's sub-unit, Training Company. The leaders then train their subordinates to maintain its training standards. The companies also conduct live firing in the Mountain Pine Ridge Training Area periodically.

### 2nd Infantry Battalion

Second Infantry Battalion, a combination of male and female soldiers, was formed on 1 October 1994. The Battalion at that time had three Infantry Companies: Sierra, Alpha and Echo Company. For the period 31 October 2000 to 31 August 2002, the Battalion nomenclature was revoked and redesignated a Land Command. Becoming either Land Command South (LCS) or Land Command North (LCN) depending on the rotation. LCN comprises the Cayo District, a partition of the Hummingbird Highway, Belize, Orange Walk and Corozal Districts. LCS comprises the Toledo and Stann Creek Districts and a portion of the Hummingbird Highway. These are now presently designated Battalion Tactical Areas of Responsibility (Bn TAOR) and Command HQs were based on rotation between Price Barracks and Fairweather Camp in Punta Gorda.
On the 31 August 2002, LCS and LCN was reverted to being Second Infantry Battalion. This was under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Reynolds Lewis. However, this time the Coys were Hotel, Gulf and Sierra Companies. During the tenure of Lieutenant Colonel R J Lewis, the idea of a Battalion Logo and Flag was originated. The idea was presented out within the Battalion and as a result produced the logo and Bn Emblem. The finished product was the result of the combined efforts of RSM 2 Bn, WO1 D O Castillo then a WO2, Pte August G, Pte Coc J and the artist Pte Cho D, not to overlook the efforts of Sgt L Sho and Sgt A Sho (Button) then Cpl for final graphics.
The Battalion Logo depicts all the colours of the Companies in the Battalion. Red and Green for Hotel Company, Red and Orange for Gulf Company and Black and White for Sierra Company. The grey background was the original Battalion colour, which was changed to blue as seen on the Bn Flag. The Cross Rifles signifies that we are Infantry personnel. The Jabiru was chosen as the Battalion Bird. The versatility of the Jabiru is what Second Battalion stands for. She nests high above the others both male and female incubate eggs thereby having an overview of all situations. She has one of the widest wing spans which produces ease in her soaring and a quick and graceful stream line for the attack. Her long legs support her and enable her to work in any terrain and conditions.

### 1st Volunteer Battalion

In 1866, the detachment of the 4th West Indian Regiment was defeated in battle by the Indians near Orange Walk. Volunteers were enrolled at Belize and sent to the Hondo to deal with Indian raids locally. In January 1881, the volunteers were formed into four companies, A, B, C and D. In 1897, the Belize Light Infantry Volunteers was formed. On the 25th November, 1904, a mounted Infantry Company was formed. This Company justified very early its existence by providing the volunteers with a valuable mobile force during the Indian disturbances in the Western District.
On 4 August, 1914, the astounding news reached Belize that Great Britain had declared war on Germany in defence of Belgium. The force was immediately called out for active service. Later when another offer of men was accepted, 100 men under Lieutenant R. H. Furness was dispatched to England. These men made so good an impression that more men were asked for and a second contingent of over 400 men was sent over.
Men eager to serve but debarred from going overseas for one reason or another joined the volunteers and swelled the strength to over 1000. Companies were formed in Corozal, Stann Creek, El Cayo and Orange Walk, and detachments at Benque Viejo and Hill Bank.
In August 1928, this force was disbanded and a new force of four platoons renamed the British Honduras Defence Force was formed. This force made its first public appearance on the 4th February 1929, immediately after the great hurricane of 1931 which destroyed the City of Belize. The defence force rendered most valuable services. Some of the finest examples of discipline, loyalty and esprit de corps were demonstrated when men had lost their homes and in some cases their families quickly made their way to the drill hall before the fury of the devastating winds had abated in answer to the “Fall in” call of the bugle. The force was organized into rescue squads and all sorts of services were performed, from rescuing trapped persons, collecting the injured and the dead, to caring and feeding of babies. Men of all walks of life in Belize, members of the legislature, Heads of Government, department clerks and the ordinary laborer, seeing what organization and discipline could do, joined the defence force.

### Support Battalion

The Support Battalion commands the specialist platoons of the force. They are the Administrative Company, Mortar Platoon, Signal Platoon, Reece Platoon and the Combat Engineer Platoon. The Combat Engineer Platoon, formerly referred to as the Assault Pioneers in the early days of the BDF, has heavy equipment at its disposal and is trained to renovate and erect buildings as well as engage in construction. Part of the engineer unit is an Explosive Ordnance Device Team. Its role is to defuse or destroy bombs and engage in demolition work.

### Air Wing
#### Special Boat Unit

The SBU's mandate includes mainly the entire country of Belize, all the rivers and the coast lines, which operates under the Air Wing. The unit is in charge of making sure that no illegal activities occur within the country of Belize in the rivers and the coastline. They have a variety of boats which includes outboards and jet drive, however they are moving more into the riverine capabilities because their mandate includes mostly rivers.
To distinguish them from the Belize Coast Guard, because their uniform is similar, people from the special boat unit, wear blue digitals whereas the coast guard use full blue. The coast guard are mainly found along the seas whereas they restrict their presence to mainly the riverine areas.

### Special Assignment Group

The Belize Special Assignment Group is the BDF's special forces unit. The Special Operations Force is responsible for special reconnaissance, direct actions, and military support.

### Belize Defence Force Band

The BDF Band was formed on 1 January 1978 from the former Belize Volunteer Guard Band, under the mastership of the late Warrant Officer Class 1, Walter P. Lamb. The band was originally formed in 1947 from the North Caribbean Force (Battalion of Belize) fundamentally as a Drum & Bugle Corps, at Mount Pleasant Creek, Central Farm in the Cayo District. In 1952, it added the brass section to the Drums & Bugles Corps that was the nucleus of what would evolve into the existing BDF Band.

### Three reserve companies

The BDF maintains three reserve companies.

### British Army Training and Support Unit Belize BATSUB

British Army Training Support Unit Belize (BATSUB), the successor of the former British Forces Belize, is the name given to the current British Army Garrison in Belize. The garrison is used primarily for jungle warfare training. As of 2012, there are also 40 British Army personnel stationed in Belize.

## International cooperation

In May 2024, the Belize Defence Force and Belize Coast Guard announced it would send 50 service members to Haiti, working alongside forces from the Bahamas, Jamaica, Benin, and Kenya to help the country deal with its nation-wide gang war. In September of that year, the BDF sent two sent two officers to Jamaica, announcing on Twitter that it "will be collaborating with the Jamaican Defence Force as part of a multinational task force dedicated to supporting Haiti's restoration efforts."

## Equipment
### Infantry weapons

| Name | Origin | Type | Variant | Notes |
| Handguns ||||||
| Browning Hi-Power | Belgium | Semi-automatic pistol | FN35 | Standard side arm |
| Submachine guns ||||||
| Sterling submachine gun | United Kingdom | Submachine gun | L2A3 | |
| Assault rifles ||||||
| M4 carbine | United States | Assault rifle | M4A1 | |
| M16 rifle | United States | Assault rifle | M16A2 | |
| Machine guns ||||||
| FN MAG | Belgium | General-purpose machine gun | | |
| FN Minimi | United States | Light machine gun | M249 | |
| Heavy machine guns ||||||
| M2 Browning | United States | Heavy machine gun | | Used on patrol boats |
| Sniper rifles ||||||
| Remington 700 | United States | Sniper rifle | | Bolt action rifle |
| Hand grenades ||||||
| M18 | United States | Smoke grenade | | |
| L83A1 | United Kingdom | Smoke screening hand grenade | | |
| L109A1 | United Kingdom | fragmentation grenade | | |
| Grenade launchers ||||||
| M203 | United States | grenade launcher | 40mm | |
| Anti-tank weapons ||||||
| Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle | Sweden | Recoilless rifle | | |

### Mortars

| Name | Photo | Origin | Type | Variant | Notes |
| Light infantry mortars ||||||
| L16 mortar | | United Kingdom | Mortar | 81mm | |

### Unmanned aerial vehicles

| Name | Origin | Type | Type | Notes |
| Patrol drones |||||
| Skyfront | United States | Unmanned aerial vehicles | Perimeter 8+ UAV | The Belize Coast Guard drone squadron with Perimeter 8+ unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), acquired with the help of the United States through California-based military robotics firm Skyfront. |

### Light utility vehicles

| Name | Origin | Type | In Service | Notes |
| Utility vehicle ||||||
| Jeep J8 | United States | utility vehicle | 6 | gifted by the US |
| Land Rover Defender | United Kingdom | Sport utility vehicle | 4+ | donated by the British upon BATSUB’s departure in 2011 |
| Pickup truck ||||||
| Mahindra Scorpio Getaway | India | Pickup truck | 10 | |
| Ford F250 | United States | Pickup truck | 10 | 8 assigned to the Defence Force and two to the Belize Coast Guard. |
| Ford F450 | United States | Pickup truck | 2 | assigned to the Special Boat Unit. |
| Toyota Hilux | Japan | Pickup truck | 1 | assigned to the administration. |
| Nissan Frontier | Japan | Pickup truck | 1 | For patrol mission. |
| Military ambulance ||||||
| Toyota Land Cruiser | Japan | Military ambulance | 2 | |
| Jeep J8 | United States | Military ambulance | 1 | |
| All-terrain vehicle ||||||
| Polaris | United States | All-terrain vehicle | 6 | |

### Logistic and engineering vehicles

| Name | Origin | Type | In Service | Notes |
| Trucks ||||||
| Hino 500 | Japan | logistical | 21 | donated by the US |
| Bedford TM | United Kingdom | logistical | 17 | donated by the British upon BATSUB’s departure in 2011 |
| Engineering vehicles ||||||
| John Deere | United States | tractor | 1 | 5055E - series |

### Special boat units Fleet

| Class | Origin | Type | Boats | In service | Notes |
| River patrol |||||||
| Metal shark | United States | Fast patrol boat | 24Riverine | 6 | patrolling of the Sarstoon River and it's the transport of troops up to Cadenas and also at the mouth of the Sarstoon |
| Nor-tex | United States | Interceptor/Fast patrol boat | 2008 | 2+ | 2 NOR-TECH Interceptor Fast Patrol Boats donated by the U.S in 2009 |
| BDF'SARSTOON' | Belize | Fast transport cutter | | 3+ | patrolling of the Sarstoon River and it's the transport of troops up to Cadenas and also at the mouth of the Sarstoon |
| BDF03'MOHO' BDF04'HONDO" | Belize | fast cutter | | 2+ | patrolling of the Sarstoon River and it's the transport of troops up to Cadenas and also at the mouth of the Sarstoon |

### Aircraft

| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
| Light attack / COIN aircraft ||||||
| BN-2B Defender | United Kingdom | Patrol / Multi-role | | 1 | |
| Reconnaissance / Maritime Patrol ||||||
| Cessna 208 | United States | Patrol / Utility | | 1 | donated by the US. Aircraft with FLIR system for patrol mission |
| Transport ||||||
| BN-2 Islander | United Kingdom | utility | | 1 | |
| Piper Seneca PA34 | United States | utility | PA34-200T | 1 | October 28, 2015 aircraft Piper Seneca PA34-200T N32812 was confiscated and handed over to the BDF- tail Nr BDF07 |
| Helicopters ||||||
| Bell UH-1 | United States | utility | UH-1H | 1 | |
| Bell 407 | United States | utility | | 1 | Helicopter was confiscated and handed over to the BDF |
| Trainer aircraft ||||||
| Cessna 182 Skylane | United States | light utility aircraft | 182J | 1 | |

## Facilities

* Mountain Pine Ridge Training Area - south of Belmopan used for jungle warfare by Belize, US, German, Dutch and British forces
* Price Barracks - Ladyville - Air Wing HQ and former British helicopter base; it is named for the country's first Prime Minister George Cadle Price
* Fairweather Camp - Punta Gorda Town - HQ for 2nd Bat and former British military base
* Orange Walk Airport (Army) - Orange Walk District
* Belizario Camp - San Ignacio - border area base
* Corozal Training Centre - Corozal Town
* Dangriga Training Centre - Dangriga
* Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport - main airbase
* Hector Silva Airstrip - small base located south of the airstrip; this is a secondary airstrip and was used by the British Army
* Punta Gorda Airport is a secondary airstrip
* St. George's Caye (Army)
* Holdfast Camp (Army)
* Baldy Beacons (Army)
* Rideau Camp (Army)
* Salamanca Camp (Army)
* Militia Hall- Belize City

## Ranks and insignia
### Officers

The rank insignia for commissioned officers for BDF.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers |
| Belize Defence Force vte | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Belize Defence Force vte | | | | | | | Major-general | Major-general | Brigadier general | Brigadier general | Colonel | Colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Lieutenant colonel | Major | Major | Captain | Captain | Lieutenant | Lieutenant | Lieutenant | Second lieutenant | Second lieutenant | Second lieutenant |
| Rank group | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers | Junior officers |