# Glen Keane

Glen Keane (born April 13, 1954) is an American animator, director, author and illustrator. As a character animator at Walt Disney Animation Studios for 38 years (1974–2012), he worked on feature films including The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Pocahontas, Tarzan and Tangled. He received the 1992 Annie Award for character animation and the 2007 Winsor McCay Award for lifetime contribution to the field of animation. He was named a Disney Legend in 2013, a year after retiring from the studio.
In 2017, Keane directed Dear Basketball, an animated short film based on Kobe Bryant's retirement poem in The Players' Tribune, for which Keane and Bryant received the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 90th Academy Awards.

## Early life

Keane was born in Philadelphia, the son of cartoonist Bil Keane, creator of The Family Circus, and Australian-born Thelma Keane (née Carne). He grew up in Paradise Valley, Arizona next to Scottsdale, as a Catholic.
Keane's interest in art developed from observing his father's work as a cartoonist. (Keane's father based his Family Circus character of Billy on Glen's younger self.) To encourage Glen to draw, his father gave him a copy of Burne Hogarth's Dynamic Anatomy, and recommended he observe body forms and practice creative approaches to life drawing.
After graduating from high school at Brophy College Preparatory in Phoenix in 1972, Keane applied to the California Institute of the Arts School of Art in Santa Clarita, southwest of Palmdale, rather than accepting a football scholarship to another college. His application was accidentally sent to the Program in Experimental Animation (then called Film Graphics), where he was mentored by Jules Engel.

## Career

Keane left CalArts in 1974 and joined Disney the same year, where he spent three years working with veteran animator Ollie Johnston on the characters Bernard and Penny in The Rescuers. He then animated Elliott the Dragon in Pete's Dragon, and the climactic bear showdown in The Fox and the Hound.
In 1982, inspired by the groundbreaking film Tron, Keane collaborated with animator John Lasseter (Toy Story, Toy Story 2) on a 30-second test scene of Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are, which was optioned for them by Disney executive Tom Wilhite. The test integrated traditional character animation and computer-generated backgrounds (Video on YouTube), and, like Tron, was a cooperation with MAGI. It was Disney's first experiment with digitally-drawn characters. Although the project was revolutionary (and became a predecessor to the famous ballroom scene in Beauty and the Beast), Disney declined to invest further in the featurette due to its cost.
In 1983, Keane left contract employment with Disney and worked as a freelance artist. He animated the character Professor Ratigan in Disney's The Great Mouse Detective; the "Boys and Girls of Rock n' Roll" and "Getting Lucky" in The Chipmunk Adventure; and the characters Fagin, Sykes, Jenny Foxworth, and Georgette in Oliver & Company.
He became a lead character animator, one of the group of young animators mentored by "Disney's Nine Old Men". Keane animated some of Disney's most memorable characters in what has been called the "New "Golden Age" of Disney Animation. He designed and animated the character of Ariel in the film The Little Mermaid (1989), and the eagle Marahute in The Rescuers Down Under. He was supervising animator for the title characters of the three Disney hit features Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and Pocahontas. While living with his family in Paris for three years, Keane completed work on Disney's 1999 Tarzan, for which he drew the eponymous character. He returned to Disney's studio in Burbank, California as the lead animator for John Silver in Treasure Planet.
In 2003, he began work as the director of Disney's animated film Tangled (based on the Brothers Grimm story Rapunzel), released in November 2010, where Keane and his team strove to bring the style and warmth of traditional animation to computer animation. In October 2008, due to "non-life threatening health issues", Keane stepped back as director of Tangled, but remained the film's executive producer and an animating director.
On March 23, 2012, Keane left Walt Disney Animation Studios after 37 years there. In a letter to his coworkers, he said, "I owe so much to those great animators who mentored me–Eric Larson, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston –as well as to the many other wonderful people at Disney whom I have been fortunate to work with in the past nearly 38 years. I am convinced that animation really is the ultimate form of our time with endless new territories to explore. I can’t resist its siren call to step out and discover them." He later said that one of the reasons he left Disney was his experience during the production of Tangled, which underwent several storyline and title changes. He felt that in a big studio like Disney, there were too many conflicting interests, with management pulling people "in too many different directions".
In December 2013, it was announced that Keane joined Motorola's Advanced Technology and Projects Group to help its engineers create interactive hand-drawn animation. He released his first animated short, Duet, at the Google I/O Conference in San Francisco on June 25, 2014. It is the first hand-drawn cartoon made at 60 frames per second, and the third in a series of shorts, called the Spotlight Stories, designed to explore spatial awareness and the sensory inputs of a mobile device to create distinctive storytelling experiences. When Google sold its Motorola subsidiary in early 2014, Keane and his group remained there.
In 2015, it was revealed that Keane and 16 other prominent artists and filmmakers had been hired by the Paris Opera to work on their 3rd Stage project. Keane is the creator of the animated short Nephtali (a reference to Jacob's blessings and Psalm 42), on which he collaborated with choreographer and ballet dancer Marion Barbeau.
In addition to his work as an animator, Keane has written and illustrated a series of children's books based on Bible parables, featuring the characters Adam Raccoon and King Aren the Lion. Keane directed the Chinese animated film Over the Moon, about a girl who builds a rocket and flies to the moon to meet a legendary moon goddess. Written by Audrey Wells, produced by Pearl Studio, and animated by Sony Pictures Imageworks, it was released on Netflix on October 23, 2020.
At the 2018 Oscars, Keane shared the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film with Kobe Bryant for Dear Basketball, which was based on a poem Bryant wrote on his retirement. On May 26, 2018 Keane received the 2017 Reuben Award for the Cartoonist of the Year in his hometown of Philadelphia.

## Personal life

In 1975, during the production of his debut film, Keane married Linda Hesselroth. They are the parents of author and illustrator Claire Keane and animator Max Keane.
Keane has been cited as artist with aphantasia, a condition characterized by an inability to form mental images. He is a Christian.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Credits | Characters | Notes |
| 1973 | My Favorite Martians | Layout Artist | | TV series by Filmation |
| 1973 | Star Trek: The Animated Series | Layout Artist | | TV series by Filmation |
| 1973 | Lassie's Rescue Rangers | Layout Artist | | TV series by Filmation |
| 1973 | Mission: Magic! | Layout Artist | | TV series by Filmation |
| 1977 | The Rescuers | Character Animator | Bernard, Miss Bianca and Penny | |
| 1977 | Pete's Dragon | Character Animator | Elliott the Dragon | |
| 1979 | A Family Circus Christmas (TV Movie short) | Animator / Models | | |
| 1981 | The Fox and the Hound | Supervising Animator | The Bear, Vixey, Tod, Copper, The Badger, The Porcupine and Tod's Mother | |
| 1983 | Mickey's Christmas Carol (Short) | Animator | | |
| 1986 | The Great Mouse Detective | Supervising Animator | Professor Ratigan | |
| 1987 | The Chipmunk Adventure | Animator / Storyboard Artist | | |
| 1988 | Oliver & Company | Character Designer / Supervising Animator | Sykes, Georgette, Fagin and Jenny Foxworth | |
| 1989 | The Little Mermaid | Character Designer / Supervising Animator | Ariel | |
| 1990 | The Rescuers Down Under | Storyboard Artist / Supervising Animator / Character Designer / Visual Development Artist | Marahute | |
| 1991 | Beauty and the Beast | Supervising Animator | Beast | |
| 1992 | Aladdin | Supervising Animator | Aladdin | |
| 1995 | Pocahontas | Story / Supervising Animator / Visual Development Artist / Character Designer | Pocahontas | |
| 1999 | Tarzan | Story / Supervising Animator | Tarzan | |
| 2002 | Treasure Planet | Supervising Animator | Captain Long John Silver | |
| 2003 | Mickey's PhilharMagic (Short) | Animator | Ariel | |
| 2008 | Bolt | Special Thanks | | |
| 2010 | Tangled | Executive Producer / Animation Supervisor / Character Designer / Supervising Animator | Rapunzel | |
| 2011 | Adam and Dog (Short) | Film Consultant | | |
| 2012 | Paperman (Short) | Character Designer | Meg | |
| 2012 | Wreck-It Ralph | Additional Visual Development Artist | | |
| 2014 | Duet (Short) | Director / Animator | | |
| 2016 | Invasion! (Short) | Special Thanks | | |
| 2017 | Dear Basketball (Short) | Director / Animator | | Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film |
| 2020 | Over the Moon | Director / Executive Producer / Character Designer / Story Artist / Voice Actor (Space Dog and Rail Worker #3) | | Feature directorial debut |

## Publications

* Keane, Glen (1986). Adam Raccoon and the King's Big Dinner. Colorado Springs, Col.: Chariot Victor Pub. ISBN 978-0-7814-0039-8. OCLC 49002064.
* Keane, Glen (1987). Adam Raccoon at Forever Falls. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-1-55513-087-9. OCLC 14588033.
* Keane, Glen (1987). Adam Raccoon in Lost Woods. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-1-55513-088-6. OCLC 14905950.
* Keane, Glen (1987). Adam Raccoon and the Circus Master. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-1-55513-090-9. OCLC 14931727.
* Keane, Glen (1989). Adam Raccoon and the Flying Machine. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-1-55513-287-3. OCLC 18050595.
* Keane, Glen (1989). Adam Raccoon and the Mighty Giant. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-1-55513-288-0. OCLC 19397210.
* Campbell, Stan; Vogel, Jane; Duckworth, John; Townsend, Jim; Glen Keane (ill.) (1992). Quick studies: Philippians–Hebrews. Elgin, Ill.: D.C. Cook Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-7814-0028-2. OCLC 28687078.
* Campbell, Stan; Duckworth, John; Townsend, Jim; Glen Keane (ill.) (1992). Quick Studies: James–Revelation. Elgin, Ill.: D.C. Cook Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-7814-0029-9. OCLC 28687002.
* Keane, Glen (1993). Adam Raccoon and the Race to Victory Mountain. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-1-55513-363-4. OCLC 25367425.
* Keane, Glen (1995). Adam Raccoon and Bully Garumph. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-1-55513-367-2. OCLC 32745892.
* Keane, Glen (1995). Cookie time: a first lesson in obedience. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-0-7814-0206-4. OCLC 37453329.
* Keane, Glen (1995). Follow the king: A first lesson in trust. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Books. ISBN 978-0-7814-0207-1. OCLC 37453329.
* Keane, Glen; Taylor, Samii; Yakovetic, Joe (1995). Parables for Little Kids. Elgin, Ill.: Chariot Family Pub. ISBN 978-0-7814-0258-3. OCLC 33440835.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: Forever Falls. Irvine, CA: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-219-3.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: Lost Woods. Irvine, CA.: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-221-6.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: The Circus Master. Irvine, CA: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-217-9.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: The Flying Machine. Irvine, CA: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-218-6.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: The Mighty Giant. Irvine, CA: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-222-3.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: The King's Big Dinner. Irvine, CA: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-220-9.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: Race to Victory Mountain. Irvine, CA: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-223-0.
* Keane, Glen (2016). The Adventures of Adam Raccoon: Bully Garumph. Irvine, CA: Green Egg Media. ISBN 978-1-93721-216-2.