OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2024 Bangladesh constitutional crisis

An ongoing constitutional crisis emerged in Bangladesh on 5 August 2024, after the Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina, resigned and shelter to India as protesters stormed her residence and office in Dhaka during a massive mass uprising. Hasina's flight to India triggered the constitutional crisis because the existing constitution has no provisions for an interim government or any other form of government in the event that the prime minister resigns and the parliament is dissolved. Although Article 123 of the constitution mandates general elections within 90 days following the dissolution of parliament, no clear guidelines exist for the powers and structure of an interim government.
Several days after Hasina's departure, her son, Sajeeb Wazed, claimed she remained the incumbent prime minister of Bangladesh, as she had not signed a resignation letter.
   My mother never officially resigned. She didn’t get the time.... As far as the constitution goes, she is still the prime minister.
Three days after her flight, an interim government was formed, with Muhammad Yunus sworn in as Chief Adviser. Following the oath-taking of the interim government, student leader and ICT adviser Nahid Islam announced that a constituent assembly election would be held to draft and adopt a new constitution to resolve the crisis. The interim government also established a Constitutional Reform Commission to prepare a roadmap for the constituent assembly election.

## Background

Students in Bangladesh began a quota reform movement in early June 2024 after the Bangladesh Supreme Court invalidated the government's 2018 circular regarding job quotas in the public sector. The movement escalated into a full-fledged mass uprising after the government carried out mass killings of protesters, known as July massacre, by the late of July. By early August, the movement evolved into a non-cooperation movement, ultimately leading to the ouster of the then-Prime Minister, Sheikh Hasina, on 5 August 2024. Her ouster from office created the constitutional vacuum as the existing constitution does not include any provisions for an interim government, with many labeling the government "unconstitutional."

## Aftermath

Prominent intellectual like Farhad Mazhar urged the interim government to arrange a constituent assembly to solve the "constitutional vacuum," as there is no provision for any kind of interim government in the constitution.
Chief Election Commissioner Kazi Habibul Awal said that as a constitutional void was visible in this post-revolution period, legal complexities might arise in the future. "The end of autocracy or the removal of a dictator through revolution is not the ultimate goal or achievement. There are many essential tasks ahead. These must be addressed. Without firm determination, wisdom, courage, and unwavering integrity, this task will not be easy," he added.
A civil servant also protested at the unconstitutional formation of an interim government. She was later removed from her post.
# Communist Party of Madrid

The Communist Party of Madrid (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Madrid) is the federation of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in the Community of Madrid.
# Dithiol

In organic chemistry, a dithiol is a type of organosulfur compound with two thiol (−SH) functional groups. Their properties are generally similar to those of monothiols in terms of solubility, odor, and volatility. They can be classified according to the relative location of the two thiol groups on the organic backbone.
* Structure of some dithiols
* Benzene-1,2-dithiol, the parent aromatic dithiol
* Propane-1,3-dithiol
* The drug meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
* Dimercaprol ("British anti-Lewisite"), an early antidote for arsenic poisoning
* Dihydrolipoic acid, a vitamin
* Dithiothreitol, a reagent in protein biochemistry

## Geminal dithiols

Geminal dithiols have the formula RR'C(SH)$_2$. They are formally derived from aldehydes and ketones by the action of hydrogen sulfide. Their stability contrasts with the rarity of geminal diols. Examples include methanedithiol, ethane-1,1-dithiol, and cyclohexane-1,1-dithiol. Upon heating, gem-dithiols often release hydrogen sulfide, giving the transient thioketone or thial, which typically convert to oligomers.

## 1,2-Dithiols

Compounds containing thiol groups on adjacent carbon centers are common. Ethane-1,2-dithiol reacts with aldehydes (−CH=O) and ketones (>C=O) to give 1,3-dithiolanes:
    ${\ce {(HS)2C2H4 + R-CHO -> R-CHS2C2H4 + H2O}}$
Some dithiols are used in chelation therapy, i.e. the removal of heavy metal poisons. Examples include dimercaptopropanesulfate (DMPS), dimercaprol ("BAL"), and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid.

### Enedithiols

Enedithiols, with the exception of aromatic examples, are rare. The parent aromatic example is benzenedithiol. The dithiol of 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate$^{2-}$ is also known.

## 1,3-Dithiols

Propane-1,3-dithiol is the parent member of this series. It is employed as a reagent in organic chemistry, since it forms 1,3-dithianes upon treatment with ketones and aldehydes. When derived from aldehydes, the methyne (=CH−) group is sufficiently acidic that it can be deprotonated and the resulting anion can be C-alkylated. The process is the foundation of the umpolung phenomenon.
Like 1,2-ethanedithiol, propanedithiol forms complexes with metals, for example with triiron dodecacarbonyl:
    Fe$_3$(CO)$_{12}$ + C$_3$H$_6$(SH)$_2$ → Fe$_2$(S$_2$C$_3$H$_6$)(CO)$_6$ + H$_2$ + Fe(CO)$_5$ + CO
A naturally occurring 1,3-dithiol is dihydrolipoic acid.
1,3-Dithiols oxidize to give 1,2-dithiolanes.

## 1,4-Dithiols

A common 1,4-dithiol is dithiothreitol (DTT), HSCH$_2$CH(OH)CH(OH)CH$_2$SH, sometimes called Cleland's reagent, for to reduce protein disulfide bonds. Oxidation of DTT results a stable six-membered heterocyclic ring with an internal disulfide bond.
# Brand New Lover

"Brand New Lover" is a song recorded by the English pop band Dead or Alive. It was the lead single released from the band's third studio album, Mad, Bad and Dangerous to Know on Epic Records. It achieved international success when released as a single in 1986, including the United States and Japan, though it failed to enter the Top 20 in the UK.

## Background

Following a fraught six-month recording session with producers Stock Aitken Waterman (SAW), which was marked by fights and disagreements between the band, record company and producers over the sound of their new material, lead vocalist Pete Burns claimed he struggled to get Epic Records to commit to a release schedule for the single. He said this changed when Bananarama had major success with their Dead or Alive-inspired cover of "Venus", which Burns claimed encouraged the label to schedule "Brand New Lover" for release. Later, Burns blamed the song's disappointing chart run in his home country on his then-ongoing war with his UK label, alleging that the company had failed to press and distribute enough copies of the single to make it a hit, and claiming the band had lost out on 67,000 UK sales as a result.

## Critical reception

Jerry Smith of the Music Week magazine described "Brand New Lover" as a "high energy dance track" with a "typically effervescent style", and praised Burns' "instantly memorable vocal" and SAW's "polished production". By contrast, Ro Newton of Smash Hits considered "it's just the same old... Hi-NRG stomp" and "that's a lost thing" here, as there are "no surprises, no shocks and hardly worth the wait". Retrospectively, in 2020, Daniel Griffiths of musicradar.com considered it a "criminally overlooked nine-minute-plus, rock guitar remix tour-de-force". In 2021, British magazine Classic Pop ranked "Brand New Lover" number 31 in their list of "Top 40 Stock/Aitken/Waterman songs", adding that it "shared rhythmic similarities to their No.1 smash "You Spin Me Round" but leaned heavily on the synth-bass, with Pete Burns' goth-pop tones vocalising his need to flee his lover".

## Chart performance

"Brand New Lover" proved to be more successful in the US and in Japan than in the band's native UK, where it reached No. 31. In the US, "Brand New Lover" peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (the band's second and last single to reach the Top 20), and spent two weeks at No. 1 on the American dance chart in December 1986.

## Track listing

Source:

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Brand New Lover" :
| Chart (1986–1987) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 21 |
| Canadian RPM Top Singles | 27 |
| Europe (European Hot 100) | 84 |
| Europe (European Airplay Top 50) | 32 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 6 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 22 |
| Japanese Singles Chart | 2 |
| Italian Singles Chart | 44 |
| New Zealand | 15 |
| South Africa | 19 |
| UK Singles Chart | 31 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 15 |
| US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play | 1 |
| US Billboard 12-inch Singles Sales | 1 |
# Cottage Hill Historic District

The Cottage Hill Historic District is a 42-acre (17 ha) historic district in Montgomery, Alabama. It is roughly bounded by Goldthwaite, Maxwell, Holt, and Clayton streets and contains 116 contributing buildings, the majority of them in the Queen Anne style. The district was placed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on April 16, 1975, and the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1976.
* 108 Whitman Street
* 415 Martha Street
* 603 Martha Street
* 551 Clay Street
* 422 Herron Street
* 521 Herron Street
* 639 Martha Street
# IAIO Owj

The Owj (Persian: اوج, Apex) is an Iranian turbojet engine that is reportedly a reverse-engineered copy of the General Electric J85. Revealed in 2016, the engine powers several military aircraft, including the HESA Kowsar and HESA Saeqeh fighter jets, as part of Iran's strategy to increase self-reliance in defense technologies.

## Design and development

The Owj turbojet is reportedly a reverse-engineered copy of the General Electric J85, a compact and widely used engine in military applications. Iranian engineers adapted the design to meet specific operational requirements and further enhance its performance for domestic use.
The engine is designed to provide significant thrust in a lightweight, compact structure. Its versatility allows it to power various aircraft, such as fighter jets and training jets.

## Iranian domestic aerospace effort

According to Iranian state media sources, the Owj engine reportedly powers the HESA Kowsar and HESA Saeqeh fighter jets.

## Applications

* HESA Kowsar (fighter jet)
* HESA Saeqeh (fighter jet)
* HESA Azarakhsh (fighter jet)
* HESA Yasin (training jet)
# Ranuccio Farnese (1509–1529)

Ranuccio Farnese (1509–1529) was the natural son of Alessandro Farnese by Silvia Ruffini, born before his father was elected pope as Paul III. His siblings were Pier Luigi, Paolo and Costanza.
# Farkë e Madhe

Farkë e Madhe is a village in the former municipality of Farkë in Tirana County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Tirana.
# Ferraj

Ferraj ("thorn" in Albanian) is a village in the former municipality of Dajt in Tirana County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Tirana.
# Richard Hapgood House

The Richard Hapgood House is an historic multiunit house at 382-392 Harvard Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The six-unit wood-frame building was built in 1889, and represents an unusual instance of Queen Anne styling applied to such a large structure. It was built at a time when housing stock was transitioning from small types of multiunit housing (row houses and two- or four-family dwellings) to larger formats such as tenements and apartment houses.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
# Kwon Young-se

Kwon Young-se (Korean: 권영세; Hanja: 權寧世; born 1 April 1959) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who is currently serving as the member for Yongsan in the National Assembly. A member of the People Power Party, he is often described as a moderate conservative within his party. He previously served in the National Assembly as the member for Yeongdeungpo B from 2002 to 2012.

## Early life

Kwon Yeong-se was born on February 24, 1959, into a working-class family in Seoul. He graduated from the Seoul National University School of Law and passed his bar examination in 1983. He later received his MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School.

## Career

Prior to becoming a politician, Kwon worked as a public prosecutor. He entered politics when he was nominated as the Grand National Party's candidate for Yeongdeungpo B in the 2002 South Korean by-elections after former member Kim Min-seok's resignation in order to run in the Seoul Mayoral election. Kwon was elected with 54.9% of the vote in the election. He was re-elected in his constituency in the 2004 election and the 2008 election, but failed to be re-elected in the 2012 election.
While not a member of the National Assembly, he actively supported Park Geun-hye's campaign in the 2012 South Korean presidential election. He was then appointed by President Park Geun-hye to serve as South Korea's Ambassador to China in early 2013. He returned to South Korea in March 2015 and was succeeded by Kim Jang-soo.
Upon his return to South Korea, he once again ran as the Saenuri Party's candidate for the Yeongdeungpo B constituency in the 2016 South Korean legislative election, however he was defeated by incumbent Shin Kyoung-min.
In the 2020 South Korean legislative election, Kwon narrowly defeated Democratic candidate Kang Tae-woong in the Yongsan constituency race, returning to the National Assembly as a member after eight years.
# Richard L. Kitchens Post No. 41

The Richard L. Kitchens Post No. 41 is a historic American Legion hall at 409 Porter Street in Helena, Arkansas. Built in 1922 to a design by a local Legionnaire, this Rustic log structure is supposedly the first American Legion hall to be referred to as a "hut", and is the oldest Legion building in the city. Its main block is built of donated materials, including the cypress logs forming its walls, and built by volunteer labor supervised by a local contractor and Legionnaire. A frame addition was added to the rear of the building in 1949 (for which the gable roof was extended), as were two shed-roof additions.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
# Floq, Berat

Floq is a village in the former municipality of Gjerbës in Berat County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Skrapar.
# Frank Donga

Kunle Idowu (Listen), popularly known as Frank Donga, is a Nigerian actor and comedian. He rose to fame through the webseries, The Interview, on Ndani TV about an unassuming job-seeker for which he was nominated for Best Actor in a Comedy in the Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award in 2015. He has gone on to feature in several movies like The Wedding Party and its sequel The Wedding Party 2. Previously working as a journalist, he also works as a photographer and a filmmaker.
In 2022, he and Philomaine Nanema co-presented Hello Doc, a series intended to encourage COVID-19 immunisation in Africa.

## Education

Idowu attended Ogun State University (now Olabisi Onabanjo University) where he obtained a B.Sc in Agricultural Science and also the University of Ibadan, where he obtained a master's degree in Animal Genetics.

## Filmography

Film Roles :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2016 | The Wedding Party | Harrison, the driver | |
| 2017 | TATU | | |
| 2017 | Idahosa Trials | Pastor Osas | A movie about the life events of Bishop Benson Idahosa |
| 2017 | Mentally | Akin | |
| 2017 | Hakkunde | Akande | Lead role Reprises his character of an unemployed graduate |
| 2017 | The OAP | Sikiru | |
| 2017 | The Wedding Party 2 | Harrison | |
| 2018 | Falz Experience: The Movie | | |
| 2018 | 200 Million | | |
| 2018 | Seven and a Half Date | Frank | |
| 2018 | The Washerman | Baba Landlord | A movie by Etinosa Idemudia |
| 2018 | Funke! | John | |
| 2018 | Crossroads | | |
| 2018 | The Foreigner's God | Winter Kunte | |
| 2019 | Three Thieves | Rukevwe | |
| 2019 | She Is | | |
| 2020 | Soft Work | | |
| 2021 | Swallow | | |
| 2021 | Unintentional | Hotel Porter | |
| 2021 | One Lagos Night | | |
Television Role :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2013-2015 | The Interview | Frank Donga | Web series on Ndani TV |
| 2016–present | The Boot | Frank Donga | With Denrele Edun on EbonyLife TV |
| 2017 | Flatmates | Dede Malik | |
| 2017 | The Condo | Jeff | |

## Awards and nominations
### Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 2015 | Kunle Idowu/The Interview (web series) | Best Actor in a Comedy | Nominated |
| 2018 | Frank Donga/Idahosa Trials | Best Supporting Actor | Nominated |
| 2023 | Kunle Idowu/Unintentional | Best Actor In A Comedy Drama, Movie Or TV Series | Nominated |

### Africa Movie Academy Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref |
| 2018 | Frank Donga/Hakkunde | Best Actor in a Leading Role | Nominated | |

### The African Film Festival (TAFF)

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref |
| 2018 | Frank Donga | Best Actor | Won | |
# DZLQ

98.3 One FM (DZLQ 98.3 MHz) is an FM radio station owned and operated by the Radio Corporation of the Philippines (now Radyo Pilipino Corporation). Its studios and transmitter are located at DZLT Compound, Brgy. Ibabang Dapay, Lucena. It is one of the One FM stations affiliated with the Radio Mindanao Network.
# Nelson Weiper

Nelson Felix Patrick Weiper (born 17 March 2005) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bundesliga club Mainz 05.

## Club career

Weiper is a product of the youth academy of Mainz 05, having joined as an U8. Working his way up all their youth categories, he signed a professional contract with the club on 18 March 2022. He made his senior debut in the Bundesliga as a late substitute for Mainz in a 2–1 loss to Freiburg on 1 October 2022. He won the 2022 U17 Fritz Walter Medal, an award for the most outstanding German youth prospect in their age group. He played a huge part in helping the Mainz 05 U19 side win the U19 Bundesliga in the 22/23 season.

## International career

Weiper is a youth international for Germany, having played for the Germany U17s and U18s. He was prolific with the U17s, scoring 13 goals in 15 games.

## Personal life

Weiper was born in Germany to a German father and an Albanian mother from the city of Kuçovë. His brother, Henrik, is also a footballer and youth international for Albania and Kosovo.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 7 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Mainz 05 II | 2022–23 | Regionalliga Südwest | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Mainz 05 II | 2023–24 | Regionalliga Südwest | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Mainz 05 II | Total | Total | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Mainz 05 | 2022–23 | Bundesliga | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 9 | 2 |
| Mainz 05 | 2023–24 | Bundesliga | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Mainz 05 | 2024–25 | Bundesliga | 15 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 17 | 2 |
| Mainz 05 | Total | Total | 29 | 4 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 32 | 4 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 32 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 4 |

## Honours

Individual
* Fritz Walter Medal U17 Gold: 2022
# FreeBYU

FreeBYU is an advocacy organization dedicated to changing Brigham Young University (BYU) policies such that students can have an environment of religious and academic freedom. Current policies as of 2025 policies prevent students who enroll in the university as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) are not able to express a change in religious beliefs or express their lack thereof without risk of being evicted from their student homes, fired from their campus jobs, or expelled from the university. Currently BYU does not allow students who enrolled as Latter-day Saints to change their religious affiliation, and FreeBYU is advocating for university policy to apply the same standards for formerly LDS students as it does for non-LDS students, including charging a higher tuition rate.

## Actions

The organization has petitioned the university, as well as several of its accreditors with statements that BYU does not meet national requirements for religious freedom. These include the American Psychological Association and the American Bar Association which resulted in a change to BYU's honor code in 2016. Shortly after FreeBYU's complaint to the American Bar Association in 2016, BYU had added an "Application for Exception" clause that would theoretically enable a formerly LDS applicant to be enrolled if there were "compelling," "extenuating," and "unusual circumstances." A BYU spokesperson stated in 2017 that the university believes it is in full compliance with accreditation standards and offers the option of applying for a religious exemption, though, FreeBYU states that exemptions are not being granted and students are discouraged from applying for them. In 2015 the group persuaded the president of the American Academy of Religion, Mark Juergensmeyer, to decline to speak at BYU's 2015 International Law and Religion Symposium in protest of the university's denial of religious freedom to their students.

## Media coverage

The group's advocacy has received television coverage as well as nationwide newspaper coverage including in The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and The Huffington Post.
# Free Radio San Diego

Free Radio San Diego (96.9 FM) was an unlicensed radio station located in San Diego, California. The founders claim that its creation was a reaction to Federal Communications Commission restrictions on new radio licenses. They provided a commercial-free unlicensed broadcast beginning on October 13, 2002 — with occasional interruptions due to FCC raids and technical issues. The open-format music selection was chosen by DJ preference but was weighted towards punk rock. Also featured were syndicated news programs such as Democracy Now! and Free Speech Radio News.

## FCC enforcement actions

On July 21, 2005, U.S. Marshals and the Federal Communications Commission carried out a raid against Free Radio San Diego, effectively seizing all of their broadcast equipment. The station resumed broadcasting three months later from a new location.
The station did not broadcast over-the-air from January to October 2007, as a result of a $10,000 Notice Of Apparent Liability (NAL) For Forfeiture, which was later reduced to $750. However, it continued to broadcast online, via Internet.
As of January 2021, Christian radio station KRTM, based in Murrieta, California, is using the 96.9 frequency for K245AI, a licensed broadcast translator of their main station. This translator on the same frequency is now used for Latin pop station KLQV, owned by Univision Communications.