# Mortification (band)

Mortification was an Australian Christian death metal band which was formed in 1987 as a heavy metal group, Lightforce, by mainstay Steve Rowe on bass guitar and vocals. By 1990, in the Melbourne suburb of Moorabbin, they were renamed as Mortification with the line-up of Rowe, Michael Carlisle on guitar and Jayson Sherlock on drums. Mortification has released fourteen studio albums, three compilation albums, three extended plays, six live discs, one demo album, one box set, and several videos on major record labels such as Nuclear Blast. As one of the earliest internationally successful Christian death metal bands from Australia, they served as an inspiration for later similar groups.
During the early 1990s, Mortification played death and thrash metal. After the departure of Sherlock, Mortification began experimenting with groove metal, hardcore punk and power metal. They achieved commercial success with Blood World in 1994 and received critical acclaim for 1996's EnVision EvAngelene. Despite the lack of subsequent commercial success or mainstream critical recognition, "the band, in spite of their extreme sound, are some kind of superstars in the 'White Metal' scene", and have been described as "a legend in the death metal scene."
In late 1996, Rowe was diagnosed with acute lymphatic leukemia and took 18 months to recover. Mortification issued their tenth album, Triumph of Mercy in August 1998 and accompanied it with a tour of North America. By August 1999, the band had sold a total of a quarter of a million albums across Europe and the US. They returned to their death/thrash roots for the 2004 album, Brain Cleaner.

## History
### Original line-up

In 1987, bass guitarist and vocalist Steve Rowe formed the Australian power metal band LightForce with Murray Adams on guitar, Steve Johnson on vocals and Errol Willenberg on drums. The group played on the local metal scene and signed with United States label, Pure Metal Records to release their debut album, Mystical Thieves in May 1989. They supported US Christian glam metallers Stryper on their 1989 tour of Australia. In 1990, Rowe, was determined to play heavy music with a Christian message, and was joined by drummer Jayson Sherlock and guitarist Cameron Hall under the LightForce name to record the demo Break the Curse. The group had changed musically towards thrash metal with a death metal influence and when Michael Carlisle replaced Hall on guitar, they were renamed Mortification. According to Rowe, the name comes from the King James Bible, "Mortify therefore the deeds of the flesh." Break the Curse was released in 1991 as Mortification's second album.
In early 1991, they released their self-titled debut album on the US Christian label Intense Records. The direction of the music had changed once again. A lot of the songs were taken from their demo Break the Curse, but the band tuned their guitars down, and the feel to the songs was a lot more heavy and doomy than on previous material. Also, Rowe proved to be an excellent death metal vocalist, presenting his "Grind Baritone vocals of extreme reality" throughout the album. According to AllMusic, the band "sought to provide a positive alternative to traditional death metal acts such as Carcass, Death and Obituary. On the strength of their self-titled 1990 debut, Mortification quickly gained a reputation in their native Australia for being one of the loudest and fastest bands around."
In 1992, the band signed a deal with Nuclear Blast Records in Germany, which had many European death metal groups on their roster. Mortification released their third album, Scrolls of the Megilloth, which had great success and, in the Christian metal scene, is considered a classic as well as a piece of Australian metal history. The line-up had outdone themselves, playing some fast death metal with a few doom metal influences on a couple of tracks. According to AllMusic, the album contains "some of the most frightening vocals ever recorded."
Jayson Sherlock had his last concert with the band at the Black Stump Festival '93, and the concert was released both on CD and also VHS under the name Live Planetarium. A big US major magazine cited the Live Planetarium video as the best live album and video they have ever seen and heard.
The band released a new album in 1994 called Blood World. They leaned more towards modern groove/thrash with classic metal and hardcore punk influence rather than death metal, and Steve mainly used his shouts rather than growling. Phil and Michael left the band, and Steve stood by himself. The strange combination of extreme styles began setting Mortification apart from the crowd of same sounding bands and widened the band's audience as they became quickly recognized as innovators and not imitators. Blood World received rave reviews in America and Europe. Horror Infernal Magazine gave the album 13 out of 13 points.

### Rowe diagnosed with leukaemia

In late 1996, Steve Rowe was diagnosed with acute lymphatic leukemia, and after 18 months he was in remission despite a seemingly failed bone marrow transplant. Soon after, Mortification recorded their tenth album, Triumph of Mercy, and released it in August 1998. It was issued by Rowe Productions in the US and Nuclear Blast Germany in Europe. Lyrically, the album focused on the experiences of Rowe and the band during the previous two-years. The style of the album was a mixture of groove and thrash. They followed with a North American tour.
1999 saw the release of Hammer of God, also a mix of thrash and groove. The death metal elements had vanished, but the religious message of the lyrics remained. The band's line-up was Rowe, with Keith Bannister on drums and Lincoln Bowen on guitar. They undertook another European tour to promote Hammer of God. By August that year, the group had sold a total of a quarter of a million albums across Europe and the US.
In 2000, Mortification released another live album, recorded at Black Stump Festival in 1999, called 10 Years Live Not Dead, which mainly featured material from their newer albums plus a new song called "Dead Man Walking". Keith Bannister left the band, and a replacement was found in the very young drummer Adam Zaffarese.
The new line-up released the album The Silver Cord is Severed in 2000 and the band went on its first world tour. The music continued to be thrash and groove. While many fans thought the album was the weakest effort in the band's career, The Silver Cord is Severed sold well like its processors. This was due to the fact that – like Nuclear Blast founder Markus Staiger stated in a newsletter – had become "some kind of superstars in the Christian metal scene".

### Return to death/thrash roots

In early 2008, the band's nine early records were re-released by Polish Metal Mind Productions.
On 6 June, it was announced that Mortification will record a new album in 2009. On 5 August, the band stated that they would record a demo for the new album. On 4 February, Rowe announced that the album titled The Evil Addiction Destroying Machine was partially completed, and it was released early June. Confusing many fans, Steve Rowe has reportedly called the new musical direction "easy-listening thrash". Rowe noted in a message for The Metal Resource about the reception of The Evil Addiction Destroying Machine: "With all new Mort releases there have been mixed response; pretty black and white. Some Really Like It and some really Don't Like It. But I knew with presenting the band in a reinvented way it was an excitingly dangerous move!"
In 2016, Rowe spoke in an interview about a re-pressing of Post Momentary Affliction on vinyl. He stated that former drummer Jayson Sherlock redesigned the artwork.

## Reception and legacy

Mortification was described by Australian rock music historian, Ian McFarlane in his Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop in 1999: "During the early 1990s, Mortification became internationally known as Australia's foremost Christian-inspired death metal band. Christian death metal: surely a contradiction in terms; but only for the uninitiated. Mortification successfully infused the down-tuned, sledgehammer riffs and gruff vocal style usually associated with the death/thrash metal genre with positive and spiritually uplifting lyric themes."
Records released after Steve Rowe's leukemia have received poor reviews from critics, though they kept selling well. A critic wrote that "The weakest link of current Mortification are the lyrics. They are just somewhat naive and cheesy. On the old albums sinners screamed in pain in the fiery pits of hell, Satan was slaughtered; the rhetoric's fit the spirit of the brutal music better. Apparently the fatherhood and going through the disease has calmed Rowe down too much, although on the early records the previous members Jayson Sherlock and Mick Carlisle wrote a lot of the lyrics." The different singing style Rowe did for many years after Post Momentary Affliction was another target for criticism, being called "poor screaming".
According to Australian writers Gary Garson and Peter Schultz, Mortification is the world's most successful Christian extreme metal band. Their first three albums are respected efforts of death metal. Blood World was a commercial hit and EnVision EvAngelene gained some respect for its music. During the tour for Blood World they played with Napalm Death, Sick of It All and Entombed for audiences consisting of thousands of people, and sold more merchandise than the other bands in the venues.
In Raised by Wolves, author John J. Thompson pointed out that upon forming Mortification, Rowe "suddenly had one of the most credible Christian death metal bands in the world on his hands." Thompson defined Mortification as "one of the heaviest bands ever to hit the Christian scene" and described its albums as "a blatantly evangelistic work of shredding death metal."
Discussing the social aspects of the extreme metal scene, author Keith Kahn-Harris wrote that overt Christian bands like Mortification are often "strongly criticized if their commitment to music is perceived to be subordinate to their commitment to politics." Kahn-Harris observed that "with a very few exceptions, overt Christian bands tend to be confined to their own, largely autonomous scenes." But he acknowledges that "music and scene can never be detached from flows of power and capital and hence a non-political scene is an impossibility. [...] The scene is enmeshed in relations of power and capital, despite its relative autonomy as a field."

## Band members

Current members
* Steve Rowe – vocals, bass (1990–2016)
* Lincoln Bowen – rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (1996–2001, 2011–2016)
* Andrew Esnouf – drums (2011–2016)
* Michael Jelinic – lead guitars, rhythm guitars (2002–2011, 2018-2016)
Former members
* Cameron Hall – rhythm guitars (1990)
* Jayson Sherlock – drums, backing vocals (1990–1993)
* Michael Carlisle – lead guitars, backing vocals (1991–1994)
* Dean Conroy – lead guitars (1991–1993)
* Phil Curtis–Gibson – drums (1993–1994)
* George Ochoa – rhythm guitars, keyboards (1994–1996)
* Keith Bannister – drums, backing vocals (1996–1999)
* Adam Zaffarese – drums (2000–2003, 2008–2011)
* Jeff Lewis – rhythm guitars (2002)
* Mike Forsberg – drums (2003–2005)
* Damien Percy – drums (2005–2008) (died 2018)
* Dave Kilgallon – drums (2008)
* Troy Dixon – guitars (2011)
* Jason Campbell – rhythm guitars, vocals (1995)
* Dave Kellogg – lead guitars (1995)
* Josh Rivero – guitar (1995)
* Bill Rice – drums (1995)
Touring musicians
* Johnny Vasquez – drums (1993)
Session musicians
* Derek Sean – lead guitars (1991)
Timeline

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Mortification (1991)
* Scrolls of the Megilloth (1992)
* Post Momentary Affliction (1993)
* Blood World (1994)
* Primitive Rhythm Machine (1995)
* EnVision EvAngelene (1996)
* Triumph of Mercy (1998)
* Hammer of God (1999)
* The Silver Cord is Severed (2001)
* Relentless (2002)
* Brain Cleaner (2004)
* Erasing the Goblin (2006)
* The Evil Addiction Destroying Machine (2009)
* Realm of the Skelataur (2015)

### Demo albums

* Break the Curse (1990)

### EPs

* Scribe of the Pentateuch (2012)
* Ancient Prophecy/Overseer (2017)

### Live albums

* Live Planetarium (1993)
* Live Without Fear (1996)
* Noah Sat Down and Listened to the Mortification Live E.P. While Having a Coffee (1996, EP)
* 10 Years Live Not Dead (2000)
* Live Humanitarian (2006)
* Live 1996 (2020)

### Compilation albums

* The Best of Five Years (1996)
* Ten Years 1990–2000 Power, Pain, and Passion (2002)
* Twenty Years in the Underground (2010)

### Box sets

* The Intense Years: 30th Anniversary Box Set (2020)

### Bootlegs

* Australia Live (1992)
* Distarnished Priest (1995)
* Live Planetarium 2 (1995)
* Triumph of Mercy (1998)
* Conquer The Stump (2003)
* Total Thrashing Death (2004)

### Other appearances

* Death Is Just The Beginning Vol. 2 (1993)
Scrolls of the Megilloth – Mortification (previously unreleased)
* Nuclear Blast Presents! Summer Blast 1994
* Hot Metal V: Screaming Truth
       Track 7- An interview with Mortification
       Track 8- Distarnish Priest
* Godspeed: Australian Metal Compilation- Time Crusaders (Studio Demo Version)
* Tourniquet/Mortification collector's edition CD single
       Track 9- Your Life
       Track 10- J.G.S.H.
       Track 11- Love Song
       Track 12- A Short Interview with Steve Rowe on the History of Mortification

### Videos

* Metal Missionaries (1991, video)
* Grind Planets (1993, video, 55 minutes)
* The History of Mortification (1994, video)
* Live Planetarium (1994, video, 60 minutes)
* Envision (1996, video, 60 minutes)
* Conquer The World (2002, DVD, 95 minutes)
* Grind Planets Reissue (2005, DVD, 89 minutes)
* Live Planetarium (2006, DVD, 90 minutes)