OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tygart Dam

Tygart Dam — also known as Tygart River Dam — is a gravity dam built (1934-38) and operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in Taylor County, West Virginia, United States. The dam regulates the waters of the Tygart Valley River. Its storage reservoir is known as Tygart Lake. Most of the lakeshore is occupied by Tygart Lake State Park and Pleasant Creek Wildlife Management Area. The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

## History

Tygart Dam and Lake were authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1935; they represented the first of 16 flood control projects in the Pittsburgh District of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The Dam was designed in part by architect Paul Philippe Cret and built between 1934 and '38, as a project sponsored by the Public Works Administration to provide for flood control. Small communities — such as Yates, Cecil, Sandy, Cove Run, and Stone House — were partially or fully evacuated at the time of the dam construction. The intent of the project was to provide flood protection for the Tygart River Valley as well as for the Monongahela and upper Ohio Rivers. Construction costs totaled $18.5 million.

## Description
### The dam

Tygart Dam is about 2.5 mi (4.0 km) south of Grafton. It is owned and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The concrete gravity dam has an uncontrolled spillway and measures 1,921 ft (586 m) long and 209 ft (64 m) thick at the base. The structure features some Art Deco style decorative elements. Located within the historic area are the Tygart Dam; two dam tender dwellings; two maintenance buildings; comfort, storage and concession building; overlook and parking area; and resource manager's office.

### The lake

Tygart Lake is situated in the south-central part of Taylor County, although the southern end of the reservoir reaches into northern Barbour County. It has the capability to store the equivalent run-off of 4.56 inches of precipitation from the Lake's 1,184 square mile drainage area. The project's flood control benefits were demonstrated most notably during the November 1985 floods when it prevented an estimated $195.8 million in damages and lowered flood crests along the Monongahela River by as much as 6.8 feet. Since its completion in 1938, Tygart Dam has prevented flood damages estimated by the Corps to be nearly $1.2 billion.

## Recreation
### Fishing

Multiple West Virginia stage record fish were caught along the Tygart Lake.
# Once in a Lifetime (1932 film)

Once in a Lifetime is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film based on Once in a Lifetime by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart. The film was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, directed by Russell Mack and stars Jack Oakie, Sidney Fox and Aline MacMahon.
It is preserved at the Library of Congress.

## Plot

The immense success of The Jazz Singer, the first all-talking picture, results in the cancellation of a booking for three song-and-dance vaudeville performers: Jerry Hyland, May Daniels and George Lewis. Jerry, convinced that talkies are the future, decides they will head to Hollywood to break into the fledgling movie industry before others get the same notion. May comes up with the idea to open a school of elocution to teach actors how to speak on film. On the train there, May encounters an old friend, Helen Hobart, an influential, nationally syndicated columnist. She offers to put them in touch with Herman Glogauer, the head of a major movie studio. George is smitten with another passenger, aspiring young actress Susan Walker.
They discover the movie world to be an eccentric place. George is unexpectedly appointed by Glogauer as supervisor of production, allowing him to promote Susan's career. Despite his incompetence (or rather because of it), his first picture turns out to be a critical and commercial smash hit, and Susan becomes a star.
Later, a very persuasive salesman gets George to buy 2000 airplanes, which causes Glogauer to fire him. However, air movies become very popular, and George has inadvertently cornered the market. The other studios are desperate to get airplanes from Glogauer at any price, and George is once again considered a genius.

## Cast

* Jack Oakie as George Lewis
* Sidney Fox as Susan Walker
* Aline MacMahon as May Daniels
* Russell Hopton as Jerry Hyland
* Louise Fazenda as Helen Hobart
* ZaSu Pitts as Miss Leighton
* Gregory Ratoff as Herman Glogauer
* Jobyna Howland as Mrs. Walker
* Onslow Stevens as Lawrence Vail
* Gregory Gaye as Rudolph Kammerling
* Eddie Kane as Meterstein
* Johnnie Morris as Weiskopf
* Frank LaRue as The Bishop
* Margaret Lindsay as Dr. Lewis' Secretary
* Alan Ladd as Projectionist (uncredited)
* Mona Maris as Phyllis Fontaine (uncredited)

## Reception

Mordaunt Hall, film critic of The New York Times, gave the film a favorable review, calling it a "merry diversion". He praised all the main performers, as well as ZaSu Pitts as the studio's obtuse receptionist.
# Lawder's bent-toed gecko

Lawder's bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus lawderanus) is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to northern India (western Himalayas, Kumaon). Its type locality is "Kumaon", restricted to Almora by Malcolm Arthur Smith. It is named after Mr. A. Lawder who collected the holotype. His identity is not known for sure, but he is likely to have been A.W. Lawder who was a member of the Geological Society of London, as was Ferdinand Stoliczka who described the species. It is sometimes placed in the genus Cyrtopodion.

## Description

The body of C. lawderanus is rather slender and elongate, depressed, and covered above with numerous granules intermixed with small roundish tubercles. The upper side of the head is equally granular, with the granular scales being somewhat larger on the snout. The rostral is large, and broad, with the nostril pierced between the rostral, the first labial, and two nasals. It has 9 upper and 8 lower labials. The mental is triangular, partially wedged in between two elongate chin-shields, forming a suture below it. Each of the chin-shields is followed along the labials by three other somewhat rounded shields. The ear-opening is small and rounded. The ventral scales are small. Two pairs of preanal pores occur in the male, are close together, and form an angle. The general colour above is greyish brown, very densely marbled and spotted with dark brown, with some indistinct undulating, whitish cross bands on the body, and margined on the anterior edges with blackish brown. A somewhat indistinct dark band runs from the nostril through the eye to the ear. The front and hind edges of the eye are white. The labials are spotted and speckled with brown. The underside of the body is whitish. The length of the body is nearly 2 inches.

## Reproduction

C. lawderanus is oviparous.
# Dolores Catania

Dolores Catania (née Spagnola; born December 28, 1970) is an American television personality, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. She is best known as a main cast member of The Real Housewives of New Jersey, appearing in that capacity since the show's seventh season in 2016.

## Early life

Catania was born in Paterson, New Jersey to Lawrence and Valerie Spagnola. Her father is a former Paterson Chief of Police and her mother is a homemaker. She has three sisters, Laura, Tonya, and Valerie "Val", and a brother, Louis. She is of Italian and Irish descent.
Catania and her siblings were raised in Paterson along with her fellow Real Housewives of New Jersey co-star Teresa Giudice and Giudice's cousin and former cast member Kathy Wakile.
In season 11 of The Real Housewives of New Jersey, Dolores revealed that her parents have remained happily married, despite living separately since her father became Paterson's Chief of Police.

## Career

Prior to joining the Housewives, Dolores had been employed as a waitress, shampoo girl, corrections officer, realtor, and surgical assistant. She actively owns a fitness franchise and flips houses with her ex-husband. She is a philanthropist, supporting many charitable causes (e.g., animal welfare and local relief efforts). She has also appeared in several independent projects, including Breaking Points and Around the Sun by Brad Forenza.
In 2016, Catania joined the main cast starting in season 7. Since joining the series, her storylines have primarily focused on her romantic life, relationship with her ex, motherhood, self-discovery, loyalty, and independence and since joining has been ranked as one of the most relatable housewives and was voted "Miss Congeniality" across the entire Real Housewives syndicate by Bravo fans in 2018.
In June 2024, Catania was announced as one of the competitors of the Peacock reality competition series, The Traitors for the third season, which premiered on January 9, 2025. She won the series as a Faithful, alongside Lord Ivar Mountbatten, Gabby Windey, and Dylan Efron.

## Personal life

Dolores married Frank Catania on September 16, 1994. The pair have two children, Gabrielle "Gaby" (born 1995) and Frank "Frankie" III (born 1998). During her first season as Housewife, Catania disclosed that Frank had been unfaithful while she was nine months pregnant with Frankie, effectively ending their marriage.
In 2017, she started dating maternal-fetal medicine specialist David Principe. The two were introduced by Catania's friend and former co-star Siggy Flicker. The couple announced their split in December 2021.
In 2021, she began dating Paul "Paulie" Connell, the Dublin-born father of two sons, whom she met in a line at an Apple Store. She moved into his home shortly after they began dating.
# The Malling School

The Malling School is a mixed high school located in East Malling in the English county of Kent.

## History

It opened as Clare Park Secondary School in 1957, designed by Read & McDermott.

## Present day

It is a foundation school administered by Kent County Council, who coordinate admissions to the school.
The Malling School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils at Key Stage 4, while students in the sixth form have the option to study International Baccalaureate programmes of study, further BTECs and A-levels.
It was inspected by Ofsted in March 2023 and found to be 'good' with three out of five aspects rated 'outstanding'.

## Description

The school is smaller than the average-sized secondary school, with a small sixth form with more boys than girls. Students enter the school with lower previous achievement than average. Most are White British with a below-average proportion of students are from minority ethnic groups. The proportion of students who receive support through the pupil premium is higher than average, and about a quarter of Year 7 students receive catch-up funding for students who failed to attain the nationally expected level in English or mathematics at the end of Key Stage 2. The school has a specially resourced unit, the Tydeman Centre, for 90 students who have statements of special educational needs for speech, language and communication needs.
# Edward D. Bangs

Edward Dillingham Bangs (August 24, 1790 – April 1, 1838) was an American politician who served as the 6th Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth from 1824 to 1836.

## Early life

Bangs was born on August 24, 1790, in Worcester, Massachusetts, to Hannah (Lynde) Bangs and Judge Edward Bangs.
Bangs was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1819.

## Family life

On April 12, 1824, Bangs married Mary Grosvenor of Pomfret, Connecticut.
# Ehrmann

Ehrmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksandar Ehrmann (1879–1965), Croatian industrialist, philanthropist and diplomat
* Eric Ehrmann (born 1946), American author
* Gerry Ehrmann (born 1959), German football player and coach
* Jacques Ehrmann (1931–1972), French literary theorist
* Joe Ehrmann (born 1949), American football player
* Kurt Ehrmann (1922–2013), German football player
* Marianne Ehrmann (1755–1795), German novelist and publicist
* Max Ehrmann (1872–1945), American poet
* Paul Ehrmann (1868–1937), German malacologist
* Salomon Ehrmann (1854–1926), Austrian dermatologist and histologist
* Thierry Ehrmann (born 1962), French entrepreneur and artist
# William Allan Award

The William Allan Award, given by the American Society of Human Genetics, was established in 1961 in memory of William Allan (1881–1943), one of the first American physicians to conduct extensive research in human genetics.
The William Allan Award is presented annually to recognize substantial and far-reaching scientific contributions to human genetics carried out over a sustained period of scientific inquiry and productivity. An award of $25,000 and an engraved medal are presented at the Annual Meeting.

## Award recipients

Source: ASHG
William Allan Award Winners :
| Year | Name |
| 1962 | Newton Morton |
| 1965 | James Neel |
| 1967 | Vernon Ingram |
| 1968 | Harry Harris |
| 1969 | Jérôme Lejeune |
| 1970 | Arno Motulsky |
| 1973 | Barton Childs |
| 1974 | Curt Stern |
| 1975 | Philip Levine and Alexander S. Wiener |
| 1977 | Victor McKusick |
| 1978 | Charles Scriver |
| 1979 | F. Clarke Fraser |
| 1980 | Walter Bodmer |
| 1981 | Patricia Jacobs |
| 1982 | Elizabeth Neufeld |
| 1983 | Frank Ruddle |
| 1984 | Y. W. Kwan |
| 1985 | Joseph L. Goldstein and Michael S. Brown |
| 1986 | Mary F. Lyon |
| 1987 | Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza |
| 1988 | Torbjörn Caspersson |
| 1989 | David Botstein and Ray White |
| 1990 | Kary Mullis |
| 1991 | Janet D. Rowley and Alfred Knudson Jr. |
| 1992 | Alec Jeffreys |
| 1993 | Antonio Cao [it] and Michael Kaback |
| 1994 | Doug Wallace [Wikidata] |
| 1995 | Kurt Hirschhorn |
| 1996 | Robert Elston |
| 1997 | Philip Leder |
| 1998 | Bert Vogelstein |
| 1999 | Stephen Warren |
| 2001 | Charles J. Epstein |
| 2002 | Albert de la Chapelle |
| 2003 | David Weatherall |
| 2004 | Louis M. Kunkel |
| 2005 | Francis Collins |
| 2006 | Dorothy Warburton |
| 2007 | Arthur Beaudet |
| 2008 | Haig H. Kazazian, Jr. [Wikidata] |
| 2009 | Huntington F. Willard |
| 2010 | Jurg Ott |
| 2011 | John M. Opitz |
| 2012 | Uta Francke |
| 2013 | Aravinda Chakravarti |
| 2014 | Stuart H. Orkin |
| 2015 | Kay E. Davies |
| 2016 | James F. Gusella |
| 2017 | Kári Stefánsson |
| 2018 | Eric S. Lander |
| 2019 | Stylianos E. Antonarakis |
| 2020 | Mary-Claire King |
| 2021 | C. Thomas Caskey |
| 2023 | Peter Donnelly |
| 2023 | Neil Risch |
# The Assassination Bureau, Ltd

The Assassination Bureau, Ltd is a thriller novel, begun by Jack London and finished after his death by Robert L. Fish. It was published in 1963. The plot follows Ivan Dragomiloff, who, in a twist of fate, finds himself pitted against the secret assassination agency he founded.
The novel was based on a story idea London purchased from author Sinclair Lewis in early 1910. London wrote 20,000 words of the novel before he gave it up later that same year, saying he could not find a logical way to conclude it. He died in 1916, leaving the book unfinished. The overall concept borrows heavily from G. K. Chesterton's novel The Man Who Was Thursday (1908).
The novel is about a secret organization, The Assassination Bureau, Ltd., that will assassinate evildoers, for example, corrupt police commissioners, legislators, politicians, etc.; but will not act unless convinced that the target truly is worthy of assassination.
In 1963, mystery writer Fish completed the novel based on the unfinished manuscript with additional notes by London and an ending outline done by London's widow Charmian shortly before her death in 1955.

## Film adaptation

In 1969, The Assassination Bureau, Ltd was made into a film, The Assassination Bureau Limited, starring Diana Rigg, Oliver Reed, Telly Savalas and Curt Jurgens. Directed by Basil Dearden, the film was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1970 for Best English-Language Foreign Film, and Rigg was nominated for a Golden Laurel Award in 1970 for Female New Face. Whereas London's novel is set in the United States, the film is set in Europe in the 1900s.
# 1946 California Golden Bears football team

The 1946 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1946 college football season. In their only season under head coach Frank Wickhorst, the Golden Bears compiled a 2–7 record (1–6 in PCC, eighth) and were outscored 169 to 112. Seven games were played on campus at California Memorial Stadium in Berkeley, California.
California was ranked at No. 79 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System rankings for 1946.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Wisconsin* | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | L 7–28 | 50,000 |
| October 5 | Oregon | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | L 13–14 | 25,000 |
| October 12 | No. 16 Saint Mary's* | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | W 20–13 | |
| October 19 | No. 4 UCLA | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA (rivalry) | L 6–13 | 65,000 |
| October 26 | at Washington | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA | L 6–20 | 35,000 |
| November 2 | Washington State | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | W 47–14 | 30,000 |
| November 9 | at No. 14 USC | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 0–14 | 60,398 |
| November 16 | Oregon State | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | L 7–28 | 25,000 |
| November 23 | Stanford | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA (Big Game) | L 6–25 | 81,000 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||

## After the season

The 1947 NFL draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Golden Bears were selected.
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL club |
| 14 | 125 | Jim Turner | Tackle | Chicago Bears |
| 23 | 211 | Ron Sockolov | Tackle | Green Bay Packers |
| 25 | 233 | Bob Dal Porto | Back | Los Angeles Rams |
| 25 | 235 | John Cunningham | End | Chicago Bears |
# Velika Moštanica

Velika Moštanica (Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Моштаница) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Čukarica.

## Location

Velika Moštanica is located 22 km south-west of Belgrade, between the Belgrade-Obrenovac (5 km away) and Ibarska magistrala (4 km away) freeways. It is statistically classified as a rural settlement (village), and experiences a steady, constant growth of population:
* 1921 - 1,923
* 1971 - 2,413
* 1981 - 2,751
* 1991 - 3,084
* 2002 - 3,210

## Characteristics

The village has a church dedicated to the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, built in 1858. Within the churchyard is a Veteran's cemetery, where fallen in the Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1876–1878), 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War and both Balkan and World wars are buried. The church and the cemetery are declared a cultural monument. Since 2017, an annual theatre festival "Moki Theatre" is held, dedicated to author Svetolik Ranković (1863–1899), who was born in Velika Moštanica.
The village has a kindergarten, local healthcare center, elementary school "Branko Radičević" and ethno-house "Milovuk". Nearby is the Đorićeva pond. Agriculture mostly includes orchards and cultivation of vegetables. There are preserved green corridors along the Moštanički and Stojkovački creeks.
In July 2023 city announced plans for massive urbanization of the Velika Moštanica-Pećani area, which would triple the population to 9,750.

## Sources

* Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije; Svjetlost-Sarajevo; ISBN 86-01-02651-6
# Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States and the Regency of Algiers

A Treaty of Peace and Friendship was signed between the United States and the Regency of Algiers on 5 September 1795.

## Background

Following the independence of the United States (1776), American merchant ships no longer benefitted from the protection of Royal Navy ships, which was a problem for them in the Mediterranean. American ships were then found in 1785 attacked by the privateers of what the West then called Barbarism, corresponding to the Ottoman provinces of the Maghreb (modern Tunisia, Libya and Algeria). The United States Senate decided to propose a "Treaty of Peace and Friendship With the States of Barbaria", an amendment to which was initiated on 5 September 1795 in Algiers and again on 3 January 1797.
The treaty was unanimously ratified by the United States Senate in early June and signed by John Adams, the second American president, and appeared in what was the then US Official Gazette, the Philadelphia Gazette, on June 17, 1797.

## Tribute

The United States federal government was to be annually charged the equivalent of 12,000 Algerian sequins (i.e US dollars 21,600, 64,800 gold francs) to protect its trade from piracy. This toll was served uninterrupted until 1810, and payment was suspended in 1811, and it was also to provide a 32-gun frigate and three other ships:
* Berge Crescent (renamed in Algiers El Merikana for The American) of 32 guns, designer Josiah Fox, launched 29/06/1797 at Portsmouth, 122 feet – 32 feet plus 10 feet 2 inches;
* 22-gun brig Hassan Bashaw/Hassan Pasha, designer Samuel Humphreys, launched in 1798 in Philadelphia, 275 long tone, 97 feet or 93 feet 2 inches plus 27 feet plus 11 feet 6 inches
* 20-gun schoonk Skjoldebrand, designer Benjamin Hutton, built at Philadelphia, 77 feet 6 inches plus 23 feet plus 10 feet 6 inches;
* 18-gun Lelah Eisha schooner, designer Samuel Bowers.
The treaty was purchased by the United States at an estimated cost of USD 992,463.25 by the United States Department of the Treasury.

## Continuation

In 1801, Yusuf Karamanli, the pasha of Tripoli, demanded that the United States pay an increase in the United States' price. This demand was repulsed and the pasha with his allies from the Barbary Coast declared war on the United States on 14 May 1801.
US President Thomas Jefferson then sent United States Navy ships shelling the cities of Tripoli and Algiers and renegotiated the treaty in 1805.
In April 2006, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice offered Washington a copy of the original of the treaty to Algerian Foreign Minister Mohammed Bedjaoui.
# Machoi Glacier

The Machoi Glacier is a 9 kilometer long glacier in the Himalayan Range in Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, India.

## Geography

It is situated 30 kilometer west from Drass, Ladakh, India and 8 kilometers east from Sonamarg on the southern side of NH 1D at Zojila. It lies at an average elevation of 4800 meters.
The highest peak named after the glacier is the Machoi Peak that lies at the eastern end of the glacier, at an elevation of 5458 meters. The glacier is the source of the Sind River that flows westwards, and the Dras river that flows eastwards.
Machoi, like many other Himalayan glaciers has been melting at alarming rates due to Global warming.