OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coat of arms of Palestine

The coat of arms of Palestine may refer to the emblem used by the State of Palestine and Palestinian National Authority (PNA) or to the emblem used by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

## Official description

The government of Palestine describes the coat of arms as follows:
The Palestinian emblem is an eagle covered by the Palestinian flag, and it is similar to the emblems of Egypt and Iraq with a difference in the colors of the flags.
This emblem appeared at the beginning of the era of the Ayyubid state, which was founded by Sultan Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi in Egypt after the elimination of the Fatimid caliphate. It has become a symbol of the Ayyubid state since the era of Sultan Salahuddin al-Ayyubi, and represents Arab victories.
The eagle looks to the right with its head held high.

## PNA and state emblem

The emblem used by the Palestinian National Authority as well as the State of Palestine features the pan-Arab colors of the Palestinian flag on a shield carried by the Eagle of Saladin. Below it flies a scroll with the Arabic text "فلسطين‏", "Palestine".
An alternate version stating "السلطة الفلسطينية‏" or "The Palestinian Authority" was used by the Palestinian National Authority, alongside the version stating "Palestine", but this was discontinued following the upgrade of the State of Palestine to a non-member state status in the United Nations on 29 November 2012 and the renaming of the Palestinian National Authority to "State of Palestine" by presidential decree in January 2013.

## PLO emblem

The emblem of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) shows the Palestinian flag above a map of Palestine "from the river to the sea", i.e. Palestine under the British Mandate (covering present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip).

## Gallery

* Co-official version of the coat of arms.
* Alternative version of the Co-official coat of arms, with the eagle coloured black instead of gold.
* The version stating "The Palestinian Authority" instead of "Palestine".
* Palestinian coat of arms appearing on a variation of the Palestinian Presidential Standard.
* Emblem as coat of arms on Palestinian passport
# Cryptolithodes expansus

Cryptolithodes expansus (Japanese: メンコガニ) is a species of king crab native to the Korean coast and Japan. They live in the sublittoral zone to a depth of approximately 5–66 metres (16–217 ft). Adults measure approximately 50 mm (2.0 in) wide and 80 mm (3.1 in) long and have a rostrum of about 10 mm (0.39 in).

## Distribution and habitat

Cryptolithodes expansus can be found in both the western and eastern Pacific Ocean. In the west, it can be found along the Japanese and Korean coasts, and in the east, it can be found as far south as British Columbia. In Japan, it is distributed from Rishiri Island to Nanao Bay on the Sea of Japan coast and from Yūbetsu to Iwaki on the Pacific coast.
# Rodd & Gunn

Rodd & Gunn (Rodd and Gunn) is a New Zealand manufacturer of clothing, footwear and accessories. It was founded in 1946 in New Zealand by Jim Jarvis. By 1995, the label had been acquired by the Australian firm Action Downunder. The firm outfitted the New Zealand national team participating in the 2012 London Summer Olympics.
The company operates 50 stores in New Zealand (19), Australia (20), United States (10) and the United Kingdom (1). They also operate 10 outlet locations in New Zealand (3), Australia (6) and the United States (1). They are also stocked in Canada, Ireland and France.
# Hydrodynamic scour

Hydrodynamic scour is the removal of sediment such as silt, sand and gravel from around the base of obstructions to the flow in the sea, rivers and canals. Scour, caused by fast flowing water, can carve out scour holes, compromising the integrity of a structure. It is an interaction between the hydrodynamics and the geotechnical properties of the substrate. It is a notable cause of bridge failure and a problem with most marine structures supported by the seabed in areas of significant tidal and ocean current. It can also affect biological ecosystems and heritage assets.

## Mechanism

Any obstruction within flowing water will produce changes in velocity within the water column. The flow changes that occur in the vicinity of the substrate may cause differential movement in the bed materials near the obstruction. The magnitude of these changes varies with stream velocity, feature shape and substrate character. Generally the stream bed is deepened at the upstream end of the obstruction, and the material removed from the substrate is usually deposited in the sheltered areas behind or adjacent to the obstruction where the local velocity is sufficiently reduced. In conditions of high stream velocities, mobile bed materials, and poorly streamlined structures scour depths can be quite deep.
# Mireille Toledano

Mireille Beracha Toledano is a British epidemiologist who is a professor and the Mohn Chair of Population Child Health at Imperial College London. She is Director of the Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing. Her research considers the impact of air, noise and environmental pollution on mental and physical health.

## Early life and education

Toledano was an undergraduate at University College London and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. She completed her doctoral research at Imperial College London, where she studied the impact of chlorination on birth outcomes in England.

## Research and career

Toledano is an epidemiologist who is an expert in environmental exposure. She is interested in how environmental exposure and sources of pollution impact public health. She has studied the impact of air and noise pollution, waste incineration and water disinfection by-products on birth outcomes.
Toledano established the Breast Milk, Environment, and Early-life Development (BEED), Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP) and COhort Study on MobileS (COSMOS) studies. BEED analysed human breast milk of people living around municipal waste incinerators, and explored childhood prevalence of atopic dermatitis, rhinitis and ADHD. She showed that proximity to multiple waste incinerators makes a small contribution to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk. SCAMP studied how mobile phones and smart devices that emit electromagnetic radiation is associated with cognitive, behavioural, physical or mental health outcomes. SCAMP included cognitive assessments, questionnaires, demographic information and details on their environments. She found that women students, Black and minority ethnic students and students from non fee paying schools self-reported more mobile phone use. She showed that living near woodlands was associated with improved cognitive developments and reduced risk of emotional problems.

## Selected publications

* Asmaa-Ibrahim Gomaa; Shahid-A Khan; Mireille-B Toledano; Imam Waked; Simon-D Taylor-Robinson (21 July 2008). "Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (27): 4300–8. doi:10.3748/WJG.14.4300. ISSN 1007-9327. PMC 2731180. PMID 18666317. Wikidata Q27489394.
* Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen; Mireille B Toledano; Naomi E Eaton; John Fawell; Paul Elliott (1 February 2000). "Chlorination disinfection byproducts in water and their association with adverse reproductive outcomes: a review". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 57 (2): 73–85. doi:10.1136/OEM.57.2.73. ISSN 1351-0711. PMC 1739910. PMID 10711274. Wikidata Q33859331.
* Shahid A Khan; Simon D Taylor-Robinson; Mireille B Toledano; Angus Beck; Paul Elliott; Howard C Thomas (1 December 2002). "Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours". Journal of Hepatology. 37 (6): 806–813. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00297-0. ISSN 0168-8278. PMID 12445422. Wikidata Q33962674.
# Mannermaa

Mannermaa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Esko Mannermaa [Wikidata] (1916–1975), Finnish actor
* Juho Mannermaa (1871–1943), Finnish politician
* Olli Mannermaa (1921–1998), Finnish architect
* Tuomo Mannermaa (1937–2015), Finnish theologian
# Cool Change (song)

"Cool Change" is a song by Australian rock group Little River Band written by lead singer Glenn Shorrock. It was released in August 1979 as the second single from their fifth album, First Under the Wire.
The term "cool change" refers to a dry summertime southern Australian cold front. The song peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the week of 19 January 1980.
The song was not released as a single in Australia. However, in May 2001, "Cool Change" was selected by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time. The song was also awarded a special citation of achievement by BMI for over two million radio broadcasts in the United States.
In January 2018, as part of Triple M's "Ozzest 100", the 'most Australian' songs of all time, "Cool Change" was ranked number 89.

## Track listings
### New Zealand 7" (Capitol Records – F4789)

    A. "Cool Change" - 3:56
    B. "Middle Man" - 4:24

### North American 7" (Capitol 4789)

    A. "Cool Change" - 3:56
    B. "Middle Man" - 4:24

## Personnel

Little River Band members
* Beeb Birtles – guitar, backing vocals (track 1), lead vocals (track 2)
* Derek Pellicci – drums, percussion
* Glenn Shorrock – lead vocals (track 1), backing vocals (track 2)
* Graeham Goble – guitar, backing vocals
Additional musicians
* Mike Clarke – bass guitar
* Bill Harrower – saxophone
* Peter Jones – piano (track 1), keyboards (track 2)
Production details
* Producer – John Boylan, Little River Band

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1979/80) | Peak position |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 7 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 25 |
| U.S. (Billboard Hot 100) | 10 |
| U.S. (Easy Listening) | 8 |

### Year-end Charts

| Chart (1980) | Position |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 80 |
| US (US Top Pop Singles) | 56 |

## Cover versions

* Greg London released a cover to radio on 16 June 2009 that entered the top 30 on the Media Base and R&R airplay charts on 18 August 2009, while reaching number 5 on the FMQB AC40 chart.
* Cool Change is the name of a Little River Band tribute band based in Melbourne
# Lior Shambadal

Lior Shambadal (Hebrew: ליאור שמבדל) (born 1950 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli composer and conductor.

## Study

Lior Shambadal studied Viola, Trombone and conducting in his native city of Tel Aviv. He studied theory and composition with Sergiu Natra. His studies led him to Carles Melles at the Salzburg Mozarteum, as well as to Hans Swarowsky in Vienna, and to conducting studies with Carlo Maria Giulini, Igor Markevitch, Sergiu Celibidache and Franco Ferrara. He continued his education with, inter alia, Electronic Music in Vienna and composition in France with Witold Lutoslawski and Henri Dutilleux.

## Work
### Conducting

His extensive concert activity links him with orchestras in Israel and Europe:
* 1980 principal conductor of the Haifa Symphony Orchestra
* 1986–1993 Head of Israel Netanya Kibbutz Orchestra, with which he undertook numerous tours throughout Europe
* 1993 until the end of the 2000 chief musical director of the Pfalztheater Kaiserslautern, where he was also engaged in the opening a new theater
* 1997–2019, principal conductor of the Berliner Symphoniker
* 2000 to 2003 principal conductor of the RTV Slovenia Symphony Orchestra, in Ljubljana
* 2008 to 2010 principal conductor of the Bogotá Philharmonic Orchestra in Colombia
Lior Shambadal is known internationally through his CD and television productions, as well as through appearances as a guest conductor with international orchestras.

### Composer

He is the founder of the composer group ensemble, Acoustic 7/11 and the ensemble for new music – Musica Nova – he has also risen to prominence as a composer in various fields, ranging from chamber music through song compositions to symphonic works.

### Teaching

As a teacher he gives masterclasses for conductors including in Canada, Italy and Berlin, in which the participants learn critical aspects of conducting, studying the score, musical analysis, conducting technique and principals of working with singers.

## Discography (selection)

* Niccolò Paganini: Concertos for Violin and Orchestra I - VI Ae-Kyung Song Krist, Mechernich 2007
* Piano concertos. Ae-Kyung Song Krist, Mechernich 2005
* The whole world of classical music. Universal Music, Berlin 2005
* Astor Piazzolla. Adios Nonino Koch Universal, Planegg [2004]
* Magret Wolf: Kirisk. BMG Ariola München [ua] [2003]
* Double concertos. BMG Ariola München [ua] [2002]
* Elena Zaremba - portrait. BMG Ariola Hamburg / München [2001]
* The best classical music to dream. Koch International, Munich, Germany [2001]
* Robert Schumann: Overtures BMG Ariola Hamburg / München [2001]
* Rhapsody for Klezmer. Koch International, Munich, Germany [2000]
* And the angels sing. Koch International, Munich, Germany [1999]
* Giora Feidman plays Bloch, Olivero, Ora Bat Chaim. Koch International, Munich, Germany [1997]
* Trombone concertos. Claves-Verlag, Thun / Helikon Harmonia Mundi, Eppelheim, Distribution [1996]
* Franz Hummel. Gesualdo BMG Ariola Hamburg / München [1996]
* Violin concertos. Claves-Verlag, Thun / Helikon music Verlag, Heidelberg, Distribution [1993]
* Return to the south. Network Media Cooperative, Frankfurt (Main) [1992]
# Violeta Barba

Violeta Barba Borderías (born 1987) is a Spanish lawyer and former politician of the Podemos party. Formerly the leader of the youth sector of the United Left of Aragon, she joined Podemos and was elected to the Cortes of Aragon in the 2015 election, becoming president of the Cortes (speaker) the following year; she was the first woman and youngest person in the office. She ran for mayor in the 2019 Zaragoza City Council election but resigned days after only winning two seats, and returned to the legal profession.

## Biography

Born in Zaragoza, Aragon, Barba graduated with a law degree from the University of Zaragoza and became a labour lawyer. After taking part in the 15M movement, she led the youth sector of the United Left of Aragon, and left in late 2014. Endorsed by party leader Pablo Iglesias, she ran for leader of Podemos in her native region against Pablo Echenique, but later conceded and ran as number two on his list as he was elected with 100% of the votes.
In the 2015 Aragonese regional election, Podemos led by Echenique came third with 14 out of 67 seats. Antonio Cosculluela of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) was elected President of the Cortes of Aragon (speaker), with Barba as his deputy. When Cosculluela resigned in September 2016, Barba succeeded him, as the first woman in the office and the youngest person, aged 29. She was the second person from her party to preside over an autonomous legislature, after Ainhoa Aznárez [es] in the Parliament of Navarre.
In the primaries in February, Barba took 68.37% of the votes to be Podemos's candidate for mayor in the 2019 Zaragoza City Council election on 26 May. Having come fifth and taken two of 16 seats, she resigned on 3 June, being replaced by Amparo Bella who was third on her list; she returned to her legal practice.
# March brown mayfly

March brown mayfly is a common name for several insects and may refer to:
* Maccaffertium vicarium, native to North America
* Rhithrogena germanica, native to Europe
* Rhithrogena morrisoni [Wikidata], native to North America
# Structured kNN

Structured k-nearest neighbours (SkNN) is a machine learning algorithm that generalizes k-nearest neighbors (k-NN). k-NN supports binary classification, multiclass classification, and regression, whereas SkNN allows training of a classifier for general structured output.
For instance, a data sample might be a natural language sentence, and the output could be an annotated parse tree. Training a classifier consists of showing many instances of ground truth sample-output pairs. After training, the SkNN model is able to predict the corresponding output for new, unseen sample instances; that is, given a natural language sentence, the classifier can produce the most likely parse tree.

## Training

As a training set, SkNN accepts sequences of elements with class labels. The type of element does not matter; the only requirement is a defined metric function that gives a distance between each pair of elements of a set.
SkNN is based on idea of creating a graph, with each node representing a class label. There is an edge between a pair of nodes if there is a sequence of two elements in the training set with corresponding classes. The first step of SkNN training is the construction of such a graph from training sequences. There are two special nodes in the graph corresponding to sentence beginnings and ends: if a sequence starts with class C, the edge between node START and node C should be created.
Like regular k-NN, the second part of SkNN training consists of storing the elements of a training sequence in a certain way. Each element of the training sequences is stored in the node related to the class of the previous element in the sequence. Every first element is stored in the START node.

## Inference

Labelling input sequences by SkNN consists of finding the sequence of transitions in the graph, starting from node START. Each transition corresponds to a single element of the input sequence. As a result, the label of each element is determined as the target node label of the transition. The cost of the path is defined as the sum of all transitions, with the cost of transition from node A to node B being the distance from the current input sequence element to the nearest element of class B, stored in node A. Determining an optimal path may be performed using a modified Viterbi algorithm (where the sum of the distances is minimized, unlike the original algorithm which maximizes the product of probabilities).
# Teresa Helena Higginson

Teresa Helena Higginson (27 May 1844 – 15 February 1905) was a British Roman Catholic mystic.

## Life

Higginson was born in Holywell, Flintshire, United Kingdom in 1844 where her parents were staying whilst on pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Winefride. Her father Robert Francis Higginson was a Catholic and his wife was a convert. Higginson went to a convent school in Nottingham, and became a schoolteacher at Bootle.
During her life Higginson's hands and feet bled in a way known as stigmata, she went into prayer trances that lasted days, and she "violently re-enacted" the scenes in the Stations of the Cross.
Higginson died in Chudleigh and was declared a Servant of God in 1937. She was discussed as a possible candidate for beatification in 1928. Many letters written by Higginson are in the archives at St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate, with duplicates at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King Liverpool.
# Rose (color)

Rose is the color halfway between red, magenta and white on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel, on which it is at hue angle of 330 degrees.
Rose, or vivid pink is one of the tertiary colors on the HSV (RGB) color wheel. The complementary color of rose is green. Sometimes rose is quoted instead as the web-safe color FF00CC, which is closer to magenta than to red, corresponding to a hue angle near 320 degrees, or the web-safe color FF0077, which is closer to red than magenta, corresponding to a hue angle of about 340 degrees.
Rose as a tertiary color on the RGB color wheel :
* orange
* red
* rose
* magenta
* violet

## Etymology of rose

The first recorded use of rose as a color name in English was in 1382.
The etymology of the color name rose is the same as that of the name of the rose flower. The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed through Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr).

## In culture

Geography
* British historian John William Burgon famously described the Jordanian city of Petra as being colored rose, writing:
    Match me such marvel save in Eastern clime,
    A rose-red city – half as old as time!
* Marrakech, Morocco is called the Rose City because many of its buildings are colored various tones of rose.
* Portland, Oregon is nicknamed "The Rose City" for the number of roses and rose gardens that thrive there.
Music
* "La Vie en rose" (French for "Life through rose-coloured glasses", literally "Life in pink") was the signature song of French singer Édith Piaf. Piaf first popularized the song in 1946. It has been covered by many artists since.
* Rose Colored Glasses is the 1978 debut album by country singer-songwriter John Conlee.
Occult
* According to New Age author C. W. Leadbeater, who claimed to be clairvoyant, of the seven types of etheric atoms that he claimed to be able to observe with his third eye circulating through the human etheric body (colored violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, dark red, and rose), the flow of the rose colored etheric atoms (also called by Leadbeater the rose vitality globule) from the sun into the rainbow colored spleen chakra is the most important since all the other etheric atoms are derived from it and the rose colored atom vivifies the nervous system. Leadbeater also asserted that humans feel good around pine trees because they radiate more rose colored etheric atoms than any other plant.
Politics
* The revolution in which previous Georgian president Mikhail Saakashvili came to power in 2003 was called the "Rose Revolution"
* The color is used by the French Socialist Party
Religion
* In the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church, priests may wear rose colored vestments on Gaudete Sunday (the third Sunday of Advent) and Laetare Sunday (the fourth Sunday of Lent).
# Tongjiao Temple

Tongjiao Temple (Chinese: 通教寺; pinyin: Tōngjiào Sì) is a Buddhist temple located in Dongcheng District of Beijing. It covers an area of 700 square metres (7,500 sq ft). Now it is the only Bhikkhuni temple in Beijing. It was inscribed to the National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area's list in 1983.

## History

Tongjiao Temple was first established by an eunuch in the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the modern temple was founded in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) and initially called "Tongjiao Chanlin" (通教禅林), and it served as a practice center for Bhikkhuni.
At the dawn of the Republic of China (1912-1949), the temple became dilapidated for neglect. In 1941, there only had a Bhikkhuni named Yinhe (印和). In 1942, eminent Bhikkhuni Cizhou's (慈舟) disciples Kaihui (开慧), Tongyuan (通愿) and Shengyu (胜雨) began to rebuild the temple. The South Hall, North Hall, Recitation Hall, Wuguan Hall were added to the temple. And the temple was renamed "Tongjiao Temple". They founded "Bajing Xueyuan" (八敬学苑), a Buddhist school which became well-known at that time.
In 1956, in order to avoid the vigorous movement of socialism in Beijing at that time, Kaihui and Tongyuan moved to Mount Wutai, where Kaihui died there in the mid-1960s.
During the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards had attacked the temple. Buddhist statues and Buddhist scriptures were destroyed and Bhikkhuni forced to resume secular life.
After the 3rd plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, according to the national policy of free religious belief, Tongjiao Temple was reopened and rebuilt soon.
In 1983, Tongjiao Temple was listed among the first group of the National Key Buddhist Temple in Han Chinese Area by the State Council of China.
In January 1984, Tongjiao Temple was categorized as a municipal level key cultural heritage in Beijing.

## Architecture

Tongjiao Temple has more than 10 buildings. The complex includes the following halls: Shanmen, Mahavira Hall, Hall of Sangharama Palace, Reception Hall, Dining Hall, Hall of Guru, and Bedrooms.