# 2021 Salvadoran legislative election

Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 18 February 2021. Salvadorans elected all 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly, all 262 mayors of municipal councils of the country's municipalities, and all 20 of El Salvador's deputies to the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN).
Ten political parties were allowed by the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) to participate in the election.
Opinion polling prior to the election indicated significant leads for Nuevas Ideas in the legislative and municipal elections. The election resulted in a landslide victory for Nuevas Ideas, which won a majority of the legislative seats, mayors and municipal councils and PARLACEN deputies. When the 13th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2021, Nuevas Ideas formed a supermajority government with the Grand Alliance for National Unity, the National Coalition Party, and the Christian Democratic Party. The 2021 election was the last where Salvadorans elected 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly and 262 mayors and municipal councils, as prior to the 2024 general election, the Legislative Assembly voted to approve two proposals made by Bukele which reduced the number of legislative seats to 60 and the number of municipalities to 44.

## Political background
### Election of the XII Legislative Assembly

During the 2018 legislative election on 4 March 2018, the ruling Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) won 23 seats in the Legislative Assembly (a loss of 8 seats), the opposition Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) won 37 seats (an increase of 2 seats), and the remaining 23 seats were divided by other political parties. The 12th session of the Legislative Assembly began on 1 May 2018. ARENA formed a coalition government with the National Coalition Party (PCN); the two parties agreed that ARENA deputy Norman Quijano would serve as the president of the Legislative Assembly from 1 May 2018 to 1 December 2019 and that PCN deputy Mario Ponce would serve from 1 December 2019 to 1 May 2021.

### Presidency of Nayib Bukele

The 2019 presidential election was held on 3 February 2019. The presidential candidates were: Carlos Calleja of ARENA, Hugo Martínez of the FMLN, Josué Alvarado of Vamos, and Nayib Bukele of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA). Although ARENA and the FMLN had held the presidency in a de facto two-party system since 1989, GANA's Bukele, who had previously been expelled from the FMLN in 2017 for verbally attacking a party official, led virtually every poll in the lead up to the election. In the election, Bukele won 53.10 percent of the vote, forgoing the need for a potential second round in March 2019. Bukele was inaugurated on 1 June 2019, becoming the first president to not be a member of either ARENA or the FMLN since José Napoleón Duarte of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) left office in 1989.
As a part of his Territorial Control Plan, a government anti-crime and security plan, Bukele sought to receive a US$109 million dollar loan from the Central American Bank for Economic Integration to fund his plan. Bukele required the Legislative Assembly's approval, but ARENA and the FMLN, the legislature's two largest parties, both opposed the Territorial Control Plan. On 6 February 2020, Bukele invoked article 167 of the country's constitution which ordered members of the Legislative Assembly to convene an extraordinary session. On 9 February 2020, the date of the extraordinary session, Bukele order 40 soldiers armed forces to enter the Legislative Assembly, however, most deputies did not attend the extraordinary session. Various members of the Legislative Assembly denounced the event as an "attempted coup".
In March 2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bukele ordered a nationwide lockdown. The National Civil Police (PNC) arrested 4,236 people for violating the lockdown order, which Human Rights Watch denounced as leading to arbitrary arrests and police abuses. In April 2020, after a spike in homicides, Bukele ordered large-scale prison lockdowns and authorized the PNC to use lethal force against gang members. Although the country's homicide rate decreased from 36 homicides per 100,000 people in 2019 to 19.7 homicides per 100,000 people in 2020, both the El Faro digital newspaper and the United States Department of the Treasury alleged that Bukele's government had secretly negotiated with the Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and 18th Street (Barrio 18) criminal gangs to lower the country's homicide rate.

## Electoral system
### Election procedure

Legislative elections were held in El Salvador two years after the 2019 presidential election and three years after the 2018 legislative election. The 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly, 262 mayors and municipal councils of the country's municipalities (second-level subdivisions), and 20 deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected through a popular vote. The constitution of El Salvador mandated that the election would be "free, direct, equal and secret".
Deputies of the Legislative Assembly, mayors and municipal council members, and deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected by open-list proportional representation. The 84 deputies of the Legislative Assembly were elected in 14 constituencies for the country's 14 departments (first-level subdivisions), the 262 mayors and municipal councils were elected in one constituency each, and the 20 deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected from one nationwide constituency.

### Political parties

Political parties had to be registered with the Supreme Electoral Court to be able to participate in the election. The following table shows the ten political parties which were eligible to participate in the 2021 election.
| Party | Party | Party | Party | Leader | 2018 results | 2018 results | 2018 results |
| Party | Party | Party | Party | Leader | Legislative | Municipal | PARLACEN |
| | | PDC | Christian Democratic Party Partido Demócrata Cristiano | Rodolfo Parker | 3 / 84 | 5 / 262 | 1 / 20 |
| | | CD | Democratic Change Cambio Democrático | Douglas Avilés | 1 / 84 | 0 / 262 | Did not run |
| | | FMLN | Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional | Óscar Ortiz | 23 / 84 | 64 / 262 | 8 / 20 |
| | | GANA | Grand Alliance for National Unity Gran Alianza por la Unidad Nacional | Nelson Guardado | 10 / 84 | 26 / 262 | 2 / 20 |
| | | V | Let's Go Vamos | Josué Alvarado | New party | New party | New party |
| | | PCN | National Coalition Party Partido de Concertación Nacional | Manuel Rodríguez | 9 / 84 | 25 / 262 | 1 / 20 |
| | | ARENA | Nationalist Republican Alliance Alianza Republicana Nacionalista | Erick Salguero | 37 / 84 | 140 / 262 | 8 / 20 |
| | | NI | New Ideas Nuevas Ideas | Xavier Zablah Bukele | New party | New party | New party |
| | | NT | Our Time Nuestro Tiempo | Juan Valiente | New party | New party | New party |
| | | DS | Salvadoran Democracy Democracia Salvadoreña | Adolfo Salume Artiñano | Did not run | 0 / 262 | Did not run |

### Registered voters

The following table lists the number of registered voters for the 2024 election in all fourteen departments, as well as the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly and number of municipalities assigned to each department. The figures, as published by the Supreme Electoral Court, were accurate as of 1 November 2020.
| Department | Voters | Seats in LA | Municipalities |
| Ahuachapán | 287,729 | 4 | 12 |
| Cabañas | 142,508 | 3 | 9 |
| Chalatenango | 190,934 | 3 | 33 |
| Cuscatlán | 204,589 | 3 | 16 |
| La Libertad | 644,526 | 10 | 22 |
| La Paz | 274,522 | 4 | 22 |
| La Unión | 244,893 | 3 | 18 |
| Morazán | 165,498 | 3 | 26 |
| San Miguel | 424,882 | 6 | 20 |
| San Salvador | 1,456,688 | 24 | 19 |
| San Vicente | 149,310 | 3 | 13 |
| Santa Ana | 498,313 | 7 | 13 |
| Sonsonate | 392,286 | 6 | 16 |
| Usulután | 312,339 | 5 | 23 |
| Expatriates | 431,445 | – | – |
| Total | 5,389,017 | 84 | 262 |

## Retiring deputies

Twenty incumbent deputies of the Legislative Assembly did not run for re-election in 2021 due to them choosing to run for another office, being eliminated during their party's primary elections, or them choosing to not seek public office in 2021. Meanwhile, all five of the six retiring FMLN deputies were term limited by internal party statutes prohibiting deputies from seeking three consecutive terms on the Legislative Assembly.
| Party | Retiring deputy | Department | Serving since |
| Democratic Change | Juan José Martel | San Salvador | 1 May 2018 |
| Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | Audelia Guadalupe López Vásquez | Chalatenango | 1 May 2012 |
| Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | Juan Manuel de Jesús Flores Cornejo | La Libertad | 1 May 2012 |
| Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | Rodolfo Antonio Martínez | San Miguel | 1 May 2012 |
| Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | Karina Ivette Sosa de Rodas | San Salvador | 1 May 2012 |
| Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | Hortensia Margarita López Quintana | Santa Ana | 1 May 2012 |
| Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | Ana Lucía Baires de Martínez | Usulután | 1 May 2015 |
| Grand Alliance for National Unity | Lorenzo Rivas Echeverría | Cabañas | 1 May 2012 |
| Grand Alliance for National Unity | Francisco José Zablah Safie | La Libertad | 1 May 2006 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | Arturo Simeón Magaña Azmitia | Ahuachapán | 1 May 2018 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | René Gustavo Escalante Zelaya | La Libertad | 1 May 2012 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | Mariano Dagoberto Blanco Rodríguez | Morazán | 1 May 2018 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | José Edgar Escolán Batarsé | San Miguel | 1 May 2012 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | Silvia Alejandrina Castro Figueroa | San Salvador | 1 May 2012 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | Carmen Milena Mayorga Valera | San Salvador | 1 May 2018 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | Norman Noel Quijano González | San Salvador | 1 May 2018 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | David Ernesto Reyes Molina | San Salvador | 1 May 2009 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | Patricia Elena Valdivieso de Gallardo | San Salvador | 1 May 2015 |
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | Jorge Adalberto Josué Godoy Cardoza | Santa Ana | 1 May 2018 |
| Independent | Felissa Guadalupe Cristales Miranda | La Libertad | 1 May 2018 |

## Electoral campaign

Political parties had until 29 July 2020 to hold their primary elections.

### Nuevas Ideas

Through its social networks, the Nuevas Ideas political party denounced that the Electoral Board of the Supreme Electoral Court in Cabañas refused to register its candidates so that they could participate in the elections.
Nuevas Ideas formed political coalitions with GANA for some legislative elections; with GANA, the PCN, and Democratic Change in some municipal elections; and with Democratic Change in the PARLACEN election.

### Nationalist Republican Alliance

ARENA formed political coalitions with Salvadoran Democracy and the PCN in some legislative elections and the PCN in some municipal elections.

### Grand Alliance for National Unity

GANA formed political coalitions with Nuevas Ideas for some legislative elections and with Nuevas Ideas, the PCN, and Democratic Change in some municipal elections.

### National Coalition Party

The PCN formed political coalitions with ARENA and Salvadoran Democracy in some legislative elections and with Nuevas Ideas, GANA, and ARENA in some municipal elections.

### Other parties

Democratic Change formed political coalitions with ARENA and the PCN in all its legislative elections; with Nuevas Ideas and GANA in all its municipal elections; and with Nuevas Ideas in the PARLACEN election.
Salvadoran Democracy formed political coalitions with ARENA and the PCN in all its legislative elections. It did not participate in the municipal or PARLACEN elections.
Two independents—Leonardo Bonilla and Jesús Segovia—contested in the legislative elections in San Salvador and La Paz, respectively.

## Opinion polls

The following tables list the results of opinion polls for the 2021 legislative elections conducted between September 2019 and February 2021 in reverse chronological order. The party with the highest percentage is listed in bold and displayed with its background shaded, and the party with the second highest percentage is listed in bold. The lead column shows the percentage between the parties with the first and second highest percentages. In instances where the fieldwork date is unavailable, the publication date is used instead. When available, the projected seat count is listed below the percentage.

### Legislative opinion polls

Legislative election polls :
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | | | | | | | | | | Other | None | Unsure | Lead |
| 2021 election | 28 February 2021 | N/A | 66.46 56 | 12.18 14 | 6.91 4 | 5.29 5 | 4.08 2 | 1.70 1 | 1.70 1 | 1.01 1 | 0.56 0 | – | – | – | 54.28 |
| CIPSECA | 8 February 2021 | – | 68.0 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 61 |
| CEC-UFG | 13–17 Jan 2021 | – | 64.7 | 7.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 57.6 |
| UES | 16 Dec 2020–15 Jan 2021 | – | 43.5 | 3.4 | 15.5 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 24.8 | 24.8 | 28.0 |
| CID-Gallup | 16 December 2020 | – | 48.0 41 | 4.3 10 | 3.3 2 | 6.1 8 | 1.1 1 | 0.9 0 | 0.3 0 | 0.2 0 | 0.2 0 | 0.9 0 | 16.8 | 17.8 | 41.9 |
| CID-Gallup | 16 December 2020 | – | 70 60 | 6 10 | 6 2 | 9 6 | 3 0 | 1 0 | 2 0 | – | – | 6 0 | – | – | 61 |
| Fundaungo | 21 December 2020 | – | 60.3 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 4.5 | – | – | – | – | – | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 55.4 |
| IUDOP | 8 December 2020 | – | 69.7 68 | 4.9 6 | 6.5 6 | 3.3 2 | 2.2 1 | 0.2 1 | 0.1 0 | 0.1 0 | 0.2 0 | – | – | 22.0 | 63.2 |
| CEC-UFG | 14 September 2020 | – | 48.0 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 6.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 16.8 | 17.8 | 41.9 |
| TResearch | 23–27 Jul 2020 | 1,000 | 70.4 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 3.1 | – | – | – | 1.7 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 7.5 | 65.4 |
| CID-Gallup | 16 January 2020 | – | 37 | 10 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 50 | 50 | 50 | 27 |
| CEC-UFG | 7–11 Jan 2020 | 1,292 | 48.2 | 5.9 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | – | 0.1 | 0.2 | – | 7.5 | 31.3 | 42.3 |
| UCA | 22 Nov–3 Dec 2019 | 1,265 | 42.4 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 3.7 | – | – | – | – | – | 2.8 | 14.8 | 24.3 | 35.5 |
| La Prensa Gráfica | 20–25 Nov 2019 | 1,520 | 34.2 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | 8.4 | 41.1 | 28.2 |
| CID-Gallup | 19 September 2019 | 1,206 | 35 | 8 | 6 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 45 | 27 |
| 2018 election | 4 March 2018 | N/A | – | 43.41 37 | 26.78 23 | 11.45 10 | 10.87 9 | 4.21 3 | 0.94 1 | – | – | 2.35 1 | – | – | 16.63 |

### Municipal opinion polls

Municipal election polls :
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | | | | | | | | | | Other | None | Unsure | Lead |
| 2021 election | 28 February 2021 | N/A | 50.78 152 | 19.01 35 | 10.86 30 | 11.16 27 | 4.93 14 | 1.73 3 | 0.69 0 | 0.45 0 | 0.39 1 | – | – | – | 31.77 |
| CEC-UFG | 13–17 Jan 2021 | – | 59.9 | 11.8 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | – | 8.0 | 5.7 | 48.1 |
| UES | 16 Dec 2020–15 Jan 2021 | – | 40.0 | 5.8 | 17.2 | 6.2 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 22.8 |
| Fundaungo | 21 December 2020 | – | 50.3 | 10.6 | 4.8 | 8.1 | 1.6 | – | – | – | – | 1.0 | 1.1 | 23.1 | 39.7 |
| IUDOP | 8 December 2020 | – | 44.0 | 10.0 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | – | – | 22.0 | 34.0 |
| CEC-UFG | 7–11 Jan 2020 | 1,292 | 48.2 | 5.9 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | – | 0.1 | 0.2 | – | 7.5 | 31.3 | 42.3 |
| La Prensa Gráfica | 20–25 Nov 2019 | 1,520 | 32.2 | 13.2 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | – | 0.1 | – | 6.1 | 34.1 | 19.0 |
| 2018 election | 4 March 2018 | N/A | – | 41.80 140 | 29.18 64 | 12.58 26 | 10.50 25 | 4.13 5 | 0.50 0 | – | – | 1.31 2 | – | – | 12.62 |

## Results

| | Nuevas Ideas | 1,430,578 | 54.67 | 46 | New |
| | Nuevas Ideas–GANA | 311,723 | 11.91 | 10 | – |
| | Nationalist Republican Alliance | 206,328 | 7.88 | 9 | −26 |
| | Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | 180,808 | 6.91 | 4 | −14 |
| | Grand Alliance for National Unity | 135,223 | 5.17 | 5 | −5 |
| | ARENA–DS | 99,003 | 3.78 | 4 | – |
| | National Coalition Party | 85,548 | 3.27 | 1 | −8 |
| | Nuestro Tiempo | 44,401 | 1.70 | 1 | New |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 44,379 | 1.70 | 1 | –3 |
| | Vamos | 26,492 | 1.01 | 1 | New |
| | PCN–DS | 21,211 | 0.81 | 1 | – |
| | Democratic Change | 14,768 | 0.56 | 0 | −1 |
| | ARENA–PCN | 13,503 | 0.52 | 1 | –1 |
| | Independents | 2,783 | 0.11 | 0 | −1 |
| Total | Total | 2,616,748 | 100.00 | 84 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,616,748 | 96.64 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 49,986 | 1.85 | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 41,060 | 1.52 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,707,794 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 5,389,017 | 50.25 | | |
| Source: Supreme Electoral Court ||||||

### Municipal elections

| | Nuevas Ideas | 1,342,968 | 50.78 | 152 | New |
| | Nationalist Republican Alliance | 502,784 | 19.01 | 35 | –104 |
| | Grand Alliance for National Unity | 295,091 | 11.16 | 27 | – |
| | Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | 287,321 | 10.86 | 30 | –34 |
| | National Coalition Party | 130,346 | 4.93 | 14 | –11 |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 45,705 | 1.73 | 3 | –4 |
| | Vamos | 10,413 | 0.39 | 1 | New |
| | Democratic Change | 18,301 | 0.69 | 0 | – |
| | Nuestro Tiempo | 11,974 | 0.45 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 2,644,903 | 100.00 | 262 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,644,903 | 97.75 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 44,859 | 1.66 | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 16,151 | 0.60 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,705,913 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 5,389,017 | 50.21 | | |
| Source: Supreme Electoral Court ||||||

### PARLACEN

| | Nuevas Ideas–Democratic Change | 1,693,550 | 68.11 | 14 | New |
| | Nationalist Republican Alliance | 329,039 | 13.23 | 3 | –5 |
| | Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | 181,475 | 7.30 | 1 | −7 |
| | Grand Alliance for National Unity | 164,427 | 6.61 | 1 | –1 |
| | National Coalition Party | 78,492 | 3.16 | 1 | 0 |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 39,360 | 1.58 | 0 | –1 |
| Total | Total | 2,486,343 | 100.00 | 20 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,486,343 | 91.79 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 84,449 | 3.12 | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 138,034 | 5.10 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,708,826 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 5,389,017 | 50.27 | | |
| Source: Supreme Electoral Court ||||||