OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rufous-bellied tit

The rufous-bellied tit (Melaniparus rufiventris) is a species of bird in the tit family. It is found in Africa from the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Namibia east to Tanzania and northern Mozambique.

## Taxonomy

The rufous-bellied tit was formally described in 1877 by the Portuguese zoologist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage based on a specimen collected near the town of Caconda in central Angola. He placed it with the tits in the genus Parus and coined the binomial name Parus rufiventris. The specific epithet is Modern Latin meaning "red-bellied", from Latin rufus meaning "ruddy" or "rufous" and venter, ventris meaning "belly". The rufous-bellied tit is now one of 14 tits placed in the genus Melaniparus that was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.
Five subspecies are recognised:
* M. r. rufiventris (Barboza du Bocage, 1877) – south Congo and south DR Congo to central Angola and central Zambia
* M. r. masukuensis (Shelley, 1900) – southeast DR Congo, east Zambia and Malawi
* M. r. diligens (Clancey, 1979) – south Angola, north Namibia, southwest Zambia and northwest Botswana
* M. r. pallidiventris (Reichenow, 1885) – Tanzania, south Malawi and north Mozambique
* M. r. stenotopicus (Clancey, 1989) – east Zimbabwe and central west Mozambique
The subspecies M. r. pallidiventris and M. r. stenotopicus have sometimes been considered as a separate species, the cinnamon-breasted tit. It was thought that iris color was a reliable feature to differentiate the two species but a study published in 2015 found that in western Tanzania birds with dark eyes and pale eyes occurred in the same flocks. This suggests that it might be better to consider the cinnamon-breasted tit as a subspecies of the rufous-bellied tit.

## Description

This 15 cm (5.9 in) long bird has a black head, breast, wings and tail, grey upperparts, white fringes to the wing feathers, and rufous underparts. The adult has a yellow eye, brown in the duller juvenile.
Its habitat is subtropical or tropical dry miombo forests.
# Torréns Bridge

The Torréns Bridge (Spanish: Puente Torréns) is a historic bridge over the Rosario River in Hormigueros municipality, Puerto Rico. It was built in 1878 in a beam bridge structure with lattice girders and transverse joists, a design unique in the later territory of the United States. It is named for Modesto Torréns Morales, mayor of Hormigueros from 1875 to 1879, during a period when the municipality advocated for improved transportation linkages from the settlement of Hormigueros to the rest of the island. Improvement of the difficult Rosario River crossing (Paso de las Nieves) on the road from the town to the main highway south of the river was seen as critical to economic development, especially after Hormigueros municipality separated from San Germán in 1874. In 1898 during the Spanish–American War, the Torréns Bridge was captured by the U.S. Army to aid its advance during the Battle of Hormigueros and subsequent march on Mayagüez.
The bridge was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
# 1946 Vanderbilt Commodores football team

The 1946 Vanderbilt Commodores football team was an American football team that represented Vanderbilt University in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1946 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Red Sanders, the Commodores compiled a 5–4 record (3–4 against SEC opponents) and outscored all opponents by a total of 108 to 43.
Two Vanderbilt players received honors from the United Press (UP) on the 1946 All-SEC football team: end Josh North (UP-2); and tackle Alf Stterfield (UP-3).
Vanderbilt was ranked at No. 26 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System rankings for 1946.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Tennessee Tech* | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | W 35–0 | 18,000 |
| October 5 | at Ole Miss | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN (rivalry) | W 7–0 | 22,000 |
| October 12 | Florida | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | W 20–0 | 20,000 |
| October 19 | at Kentucky | McLean StadiumLexington, KY (rivalry) | L 7–10 | 21,000 |
| October 26 | LSU | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | L 0–14 | 21,500 |
| November 2 | at Auburn | Cramton BowlMontgomery, AL | W 19–0 | 16,000 |
| November 9 | No. 20 NC State | Dudley FieldNashville, TN | W 7–0 | 17,500 |
| November 16 | at Alabama | Legion FieldBirmingham, AL | L 7–12 | |
| November 30 | No. 8 Tennessee | Dudley FieldNashville, TN (rivalry) | L 6–7 | |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||

## After the season

The 1947 NFL draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Commodores were selected.
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL club |
| 4 | 24 | Charley Hoover | Center | Detroit Lions |
| 8 | 61 | Al Satterfield | Guard | Philadelphia Eagles |
| 21 | 189 | Fred Hamilton | Tackle | Pittsburgh Steelers |
| 23 | 209 | Binks Bushmiaer | Back | Pittsburgh Steelers |
# Ebony Lane

Ebony Lane (born 8 November 1998) is an Australian track and field athlete who competes as a sprinter.

## Early life

Lane spent part of her childhood in the town of Echuca, in Victoria.

## Career

In January 2021, Lane set a new Victorian state record over 100 yards when she ran 10.59 seconds in Geelong, to finish ahead of Celeste Mucci and Mia Gross.
In July 2023, Lane made her debut in a Diamond League event, competing in London at the 2023 Anniversary Games. In August 2023, Lane was part of the Australian squad selected to compete in the 4 x 100m sprint relay at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest.
Lane first lowered her 100m personal best in 2024, to 11.33 seconds, at the ACT Championships in January, in Canberra. She lowered it again to 11.30 seconds at the Sydney Track Classic in March 2024.
Also at the 2024 Sydney Track Classic, Lane, along with Ella Connolly, Bree Masters and Torrie Lewis, was in an Australian 4x100m relay team which set a new national record of 42.94 seconds. Lane also ran as part of the Australian 4x100m relay team which ran at the 2024 World Relays Championships in Nassau, Bahamas in early May. There they ran even faster than they had in March, 42.83, to qualify for both the final, finishing 5th, and the 4 x 100m relay event at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

## Personal life

Lane has a Diploma in Sports Development, and a Diploma in Early Childhood Education and Care, and worked in childcare during the Covid-19 pandemic.
# Yahya ibn Adi

Abū Zakarīyā’ Yaḥyá ibn ʿAdī (John, father of Zachary, son of Adi) known as Yahya ibn Adi (893–974) was a Syriac Jacobite Christian philosopher, theologian and translator working in Arabic.

## Biography

Yahya ibn Adi was born in Tikrit (modern-day Iraq) to a family of Syriac Jacobite Christians in 893.
In Baghdad he studied philosophy and medicine under Abu Bishr Matta ibn Yunus, who had also taught Al-Farabi.
He translated numerous works of Greek philosophy into Arabic, mostly from existing versions in Syriac. These include: Plato's Laws; Aristotle's Sophistical Refutations (from a Syriac translation by Theophilus of Edessa) and Topics (from a translation by Hunayn ibn Ishaq); and Theophrastus' Metaphysics.
He also composed a number of philosophical and theological treatises, the most significant being Tahdhib al-akhlaq and Maqala fi at-tawhid. He taught a number of Christian and Muslim students, including Ibn Miskawayh, Ibn al-Khammar and Ibn Zura. Ibn Zura made Arabic translations of Aristotle and other Greek writers from Syriac.
He died in 974 and is buried in the Syriac church of St Thomas in Baghdad.
# Tommy Jackson (footballer, born 1898)

Thomas Jackson (16 March 1898 – 1975) was an English footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made close to 200 competitive appearances for Aston Villa, taking over from Sam Hardy when the veteran English international moved to Nottingham Forest.
Jackson was generally preferred to rival Cyril Spiers for a first team place and featured on the losing side in the 1924 FA Cup Final, but was eventually replaced by Ben Olney. He served with the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers during World War I and attended Durham University before taking up football full-time; his profession after leaving the game was a schoolteacher.
He was mentioned in season 4 episode 2 of Peaky Blinders.
# Magnus Andersson (footballer, born 1958)

Magnus Andersson (born 23 April 1958) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Andersson played for Malmö FF in the 1970s and the 1980s. He played in the European Champions Cup final in 1979 against Nottingham Forest F.C. and was a member of the Sweden men's national football team in the 1978 FIFA World Cup.
# Feyzi Yıldırım

Mehmet Feyzi Yıldırım (born 23 January 1996) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for TFF First League club Adanaspor.

## Club career

Yıldırım is a youth product of Eskişehirspor since 2009. Yıldırım made his professional debut with Eskişehirspor in a 3-0 Turkish Cup win over Balçova Yaşamspor on 16 January 2015. He continued his development on loans with Afyonspor, Nazilli Belediyespor, and Niğde Anadolu in semi-pro Turkish leagues. He returned to Eskişehirspor in 2018 where he was promoted to the main squad. On 2 September 2020, he signed with Kasımpaşa in the Süper Lig.

## International career

Yıldırım is a youth international for Turkey, having represented the Turkey U19s in 2015.
# Grant Goldschmidt

Grant Goldschmidt (born 16 April 1983) is a South African male beach volleyball player. He competed for South Africa at the 2012 Summer Olympics with teammate Freedom Chiya. They did not progress beyond the group stages.
He was born in Cape Town, South Africa.
# 1894 in Argentine football

1894 in Argentine football saw Lomas A.C. become the first team to retain the Primera División championship. The runner-up was Rosario A.C., which made its debut at the tournament along with Retiro Athletic. Most of the results of the games and the goals scored information have been lost.
The English High School A.C. team dissolved so the team did not take part of the tournament although its players joined Lanús A.C. and Lobos A.C., which registered to the Association. St. Andrew's, the first Argentine champion, returned to the League. Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway left the tournament soon after it had started.

## Primera división
### Final standings

| Pos | Team | Pts | G | W | D | L |
| 1 | Lomas | 18 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 |
| 2 | Rosario A.C. | 14 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | Flores | 12 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 | Lobos | 9 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | St. Andrew's | 6 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 7 |
| 6 | Retiro A.C. | 1 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
# Wu Hsiao-li

Wu Hsiao-li (Chinese: 吳曉莉; pinyin: Wú Xiǎolì, born 11 October 1983) is retired Taiwanese volleyball player who plays as the main setter in the Chinese Taipei women's national volleyball team.
Wu began to play volleyball at the age of 10. She started as an attacker, and soon her position changed to the setter due to her lack of height.

## Clubs

* Da-Cheng Elementary School, Taoyuan County (now in Taoyuan City)
* Da Liao Junior High School, Kaohsiung County (now in Kaohsiung City)
* Chung Shan (2004-2005)
* National Taiwan Normal University

## Awards
### Individuals

* 2004 Asian Club Championship "Best Setter"
* 2005 Asian Club Championship "Best Setter"

### National team

* World University Games
** Winner: 2005
** Runner-up: 2003

### Clubs

* 2004 Asian Club Championship - Bronze Medal with Chung Shan
* 2005 Asian Club Championship - Runner-Up, with Chung Shan
# King of the Mountain (board game)

King of the Mountain is a fantasy board game published by Dimension Six in 1980.

## Description

King of the Mountain is a game for 2 to 10 players. One of the players takes on the role of the wizard Promonthorius, who tries to kill anyone who attempts to climb the Mountain, using magic and fell creatures. The other players represent the adventurers who strive to be the first to reach the summit of the Mountain and enter the Citadel at the Peak.
The mountain terrain is set out on a mounted 29" x 22" hex grid mapboard. 156 die-cut counters represent player characters, monsters, armor, shields, tunnels and weapons.
Players have a choice of immediately and quickly moving up the mountain slopes, inevitably facing several monsters, or moving through the mountain tunnels, which are safer, but much slower. Regardless of choice, all adventurers must climb the last third of the Mountain up its slopes.
If the wizard kills all the adventurers, the wizard wins. Otherwise, the first adventurer to each the summit of the mountain wins the game.

## Publication history

King of the Mountain was designed by Mike Dinacola, who claimed to have never played either a wargame or a fantasy game before designing the game. The game was playtested by the Denver Gamers Association before being published by Dimension Six in 1980 with cover art by Michael Carroll.

## Reception

In Issue 36 of The Space Gamer (February 1981), David Ladyman commented that "King of the Mountain has several commendable features; it is certainly a playable game." But Ladyman also noted "The map doesn't always coincide with the hex grid. The counters are oversized. The mapboard begins to fray at the folds after 10 or more games. The graphics are bland." Ladyman concluded, "The greatest drawback might be the suggested price ... at $8 I might recommend it, at $15, I won't."
In Issue 44 of Dragon, Mark Simmons called this "a strategy game of moderate complexity." Simmons noted that although the role of the killer wizard would seem to be the easiest, in fact "This is difficult at best when one or two characters get into the tunnels. When this happens, the Wizard must rely on the smell-sense of his subterranean allies."
In Issue 15 of Simulacrum, Joseph Scoleri expressed disappointment in this game, commenting that he should have resisted buying it. "Despite the mounted mapboard, King of the Mountain is a low budget, bare bones fantasy game at heart; and perhaps it would have fared better as a ziplock minigame." Scoleri didn't think much of the story or the components, saying, "King of the Mountain's sketchy background story is generic and lifeless, something that generally spells disaster for a fantasy game. The monochrome counters don't do much to draw the player in either, and they look even more out of place on a full color mapboard which uses a realistic Squad Leader style depiction of the terrain." Scoleri noted that the game developer claimed never to have played another fantasy game in his life and concluded, "It shows."
# Mareike Ohlberg

Mareike Ohlberg is a German sinologist currently serving as a senior fellow in the Indo-Pacific program at the German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF), based in GMF's Berlin office. She is also an advisor to the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China.

## Education

Ohlberg holds a BA in Chinese studies from Heidelberg University, a MA in East Asian regional studies with a focus on modern China from Columbia University in the United States, and a PhD in Chinese studies from Heidelberg University.

## Career

Prior to joining GMF, Mareike was an analyst at the Mercator Institute for China Studies focusing on China's digital policies and Chinese Communist Party’s influence operations in Europe; An Wang postdoctoral fellow at Harvard's Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies; and a postdoctoral fellow at Shih-Hsin University.

## Publications
### Books

* Hidden Hand: Exposing How the Chinese Communist Party Is Reshaping the World (2020) (co-authored with Clive Hamilton)

### Reports

* United Front Work and Political Influence Operations in Sub-Saharan Africa, National Bureau of Asian Research, June 1, 2022

### Articles

* Why China Is Freaking Out Over Biden’s Democracy Summit, Foreign Policy, December 10, 2021 (co-authored with Bonnie S. Glaser)
* China’s Biosecurity State in Xinjiang Is Powered by Western Tech, Foreign Policy, February 19, 2020 (co-authored with Jessica Batke)

### US Congressional testimonies

* “Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission” Hearing on “China’s Global Influence and Interference Activities”, March 23, 2023
# Malti Rai

Malti Rai is an Indian politician who is mayor of Bhopal and president of the Bharatiya Janata Party of Bhopal, which nominated her for mayor. She is Bhopal's first female mayor. She was a city councillor from Ashoka Garden, Bhopal from 2004 to 2009.

## Personal life

She was born in Bina. In 1980 she married Munnalal Rai, a farmer.
# Dhepa River

The Dhepa is a small river in northern Bangladesh. The river originates from the Atrai River in Mohanpur and joins the Punarbhaba. The length of the river is 40 kilometres (25 mi), and its depth around 6 metres (20 ft). The Dhepa is one of the three main rivers of Dinajpur District, the other two being the Punarbhaba and Atrai rivers.
25°38′N 88°39′E﻿ / ﻿25.633°N 88.650°E﻿ / 25.633; 88.650
* This Rangpur Division location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to a river in Bangladesh is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Somalia national football team results

As a member of FIFA and CAF, the Somalia national football team has been playing official matches since 1963.
Somalia's first game came in 1958 in Mombasa, Kenya, resulting in a 5–1 loss for Somalia against Kenya.
# Peter McGann

Peter McGann is an Irish comedian, actor, writer and director.
McGann was raised near Rathdrum, County Wicklow, and lives in Sandymount, Dublin with his wife and daughter. He studied film as an undergraduate, and holds a masters' degree in screenwriting from the University of Galway.
McGann rose to prominence posting comedy sketches during the 2020 Covid-19 lockdown that frequently went viral. McGann has represented France at the Bureau De Change Song Contest. He had his first national stand-up tour, Great Lad, in 2024.
# Raymond L. Orbach

Raymond Lee Orbach (born 1934) is an American physicist and administrator. He served as Under Secretary for Science in the United States Department of Energy from 2006 until 2009, when he was replaced by Steven E. Koonin. Until his resignation in December 2012, Orbach was director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. Orbach continues to do research as a tenured professor in the Cockrell Family Dean's Chair for Engineering Excellence at the University of Texas.
Orbach received a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1956 and a Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1960. Orbach began his academic career as a postdoctoral fellow at Oxford University in 1960 and became an assistant professor of applied physics at Harvard University in 1961. He joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) two years later as an associate professor, and became a full professor in 1966.
Orbach's research in theoretical and experimental physics has resulted in the publication of more than 240 scientific articles, and he is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
From 1982 to 1992, he served as the provost of the College of Letters and Science at UCLA, and from 1992 to 2002 as chancellor of the University of California, Riverside.
From March 14, 2002 until mid-2009, Orbach was director of the Office of Science at the Department of Energy, making him the highest-ranking science policy administrator within the DOE. After June 1, 2006, he was the first Under Secretary for Science, for which President George W. Bush nominated him after the position was created by the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
On August 1, 2009 he became the founding director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. He resigned November 30, 2012 in response to a report critical of the Energy Institute's handling of potential conflicts of interest involving the geologist Charles G. Groat.
On November 3, 2009, the Science Library at the University of California, Riverside was renamed Orbach Library in honor of Orbach.
Orbach was born in Los Angeles, California.
# Carl von Hess

Carl von Hess (7 March 1863, in Mainz – 28 June 1923, in Possenhofen) was a German ophthalmologist known for his work in ocular physiology.
He studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg, Bonn and Strasbourg, then traveled to Prague, where he worked with ophthalmologist Hubert Sattler and physiologist Ewald Hering. In 1891 he obtained his habilitation from the University of Leipzig, and later on, he held professorships at the universities of Marburg (from 1896), Würzburg (from 1900) and Munich (from 1912).
He made significant contributions in his studies of refraction and accommodation of the eye. He also conducted research on color vision in the various retinal zones, on the various forms of color blindness, of simultaneous contrast, on afterimages of moving objects and of light-dark adaptation. In addition, he performed comparative physiological studies on light sense and color vision involving animals, in invertebrates as well as vertebrates. Along with Paul Römer, he made the discovery that trachoma is transmissible to monkeys. In 1912, he incorrectly claimed all invertebrates and fish were colour-blind. The young Karl von Frisch's experiments with bees showed the contrary, irritating von Hess who wrote a paper in 1913 (before von Frisch could publish), disputing both his conclusions and earlier ones of John Lubbock. Von Frisch's work later won the Nobel Prize. Von Hess did discover that bees' phototactical response was colour-blind.
His name is associated with the "Hess afterimage", defined as a positive afterimage that occurs third in the series of afterimages that are the result of exposure to a brief light stimulus (sequentially, the first afterimage is referred to as a "Hering afterimage", the second as a "Purkinje afterimage"). The Hess afterimage is defined as a physiological illusion. There are also several surgical instruments that are named after him.

## Published works

* Die Refraktion und Akkommodation des menschlichen Auges und ihre Anomalien, 1902 – Refraction and accommodation of the human eye and its anomalies.
* Pathologie und Therapie des Linsensystems, 1905 – Pathology and therapy of the lens system.
* Vergleichende Physiologie des Gesichtssinnes, 1912 – Comparative physiology of vision.
* Die Entwicklung von Lichtsinn und Farbensinn in der Tierreihe, 1914 – Development of light sense and color vision in the animal kingdom.
He was also an editor of later editions of Saemisch and Graefe's "Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde".