# Giovanni Boldini

Giovanni Boldini (31 December 1842 – 11 January 1931) was an Italian genre and portrait painter who lived and worked in Paris for most of his career. According to a 1933 article in Time magazine, he was known as the "Master of Swish" because of his flowing style of painting.

## Early life

Boldini was born in Ferrara, Italy on 31 December 1842. He was the son of a painter of religious subjects, and the younger brother of architect Luigi (Louis) Boldini. In 1862, he went to Florence for six years to study and pursue painting. He only infrequently attended classes at the Academy of Fine Arts, but in Florence, met other realist painters known as the Macchiaioli, who were Italian precursors to Impressionism. Their influence is seen in Boldini's landscapes which show his spontaneous response to nature, although it is for his portraits that he became best known.

## Career

Moving to London, Boldini attained success as a portraitist. He completed portraits of distinguished members of society including Lady Holland and the Duchess of Westminster. From 1872 he lived in Paris, where he became a friend of Edgar Degas. He also had a romantic relationship with a French woman named Berthe, who would a regular model for him in the same decade. He had another lover in the Countess Gabrielle de Rasty. He became the most fashionable portrait painter in Paris in the late 19th century, with a dashing style of painting which shows some Macchiaioli influence and a brio reminiscent of the work of younger artists, such as John Singer Sargent and Paul Helleu.
He was nominated commissioner of the Italian section of the Paris Exposition in 1889, and received the Légion d'honneur for this appointment. In 1897 he had a solo exhibition in New York. He participated in the Venice Biennale in 1895, 1903, 1905, and 1912.
Boldini died in Paris on 11 January 1931. In a write up in The New York Times in January 1931, his career was summed up as follows:
   Boldini was a fashionable portrait painter. He 'did' all the grandes dames of Paris, and at a certain period to have a portrait painted by Boldini was a crowning event of social season. His style was racy and advanced for his time, and he believed that his décolleté paintings touched the extreme limit of convention. His work was the talk of numerous salons. And then he was superseded by Vandongens and Etcheverrys and Domergues and others whose daring shocked and discouraged Boldini. He had not painted for many years before his death. His body was taken to Ferrara, his native city, for burial.
After his death, his work continued to be exhibited around the world. An exhibition of his work was held in 1938, seven years after his death, at the Newhouse Galleries in New York City.

### Works

* Guitar Player (1872), Oil on canvas, 16 3/8 × 13 9/16 in. (41.6 × 34.4 cm), Clark Art Institute
* Crossing the Street (1873–75), Oil on panel, 18 3/16 × 14 7/8 in. (46.2 × 37.8 cm), Clark Art Institute
* Washerwomen (1874), Oil on panel, 5 3/8 x 7 7/8 in. (13.7 x 20 cm), Clark Art Institute
* Young Woman Crocheting (1875), Oil on canvas, 14 1/4 × 10 13/16 in. (36.2 × 27.4 cm) Clark Art Institute
* Return of the Fishing Boats, Étretat (1879), Oil on panel, 5 1/2 × 9 7/16 in. (14 × 23.9 cm), Clark Art Institute
* Recital (c.1884), Oil on panel, 8 11/16 x 6 7/16 in. (22 x 16.4 cm), Clark Art Institute
* Madame Céline Leclanché (1881), Oil on canvas, 24 x 16 1/8 in. (61 x 41 cm) Clark Art Institute
* Portrait of Giuseppe Verdi, 1886
* Then-princess Clara Ward, 1889
* Portrait of John Singer Sargent, c. 1890
* Portrait of Robert de Montesquiou, 1897
* Portrait of Anita de la Ferie (the Spanish Dancer), 1900
* Portrait of La Marchesa Luisa Casati with greyhound, 1908
* Portrait of the Princess Cécile Murat, Ney d'Elchingen, 1910
* Portrait of Rita de Acosta Lydig, 1911
* Portrait of the actress Marthe de Florian

## In popular culture

Boldini is a character in the ballet Franca Florio, regina di Palermo, written in 2007 by the Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero, which depicts the story of Donna Franca, a famous Sicilian aristocrat whose exceptional beauty inspired him and many other artists, musicians, poets and emperors during the Belle Époque.
A Boldini portrait of his former muse Marthe de Florian, a French actress, was discovered in a Paris flat in late 2010, hidden away from view on the premises that were unvisited for over 50 years. The portrait has never been listed, exhibited or published and the flat belonged to de Florian's granddaughter, who inherited the flat after her father's death in 1966 and lived in the South of France after the outbreak of the Second World War and never returned to Paris. A love-note and a biographical reference to the work painted in 1888, when the actress was 24, cemented its authenticity. A full-length portrait of the lady in the same clothing and accessories, but less provocative, hangs in the New Orleans Museum of Art.
The discovery of his painting in the 70-years-empty apartment forms the background to Michelle Gable's 2014 novel A Paris Apartment.