# Transit Windsor

Transit Windsor provides public transportation in the city of Windsor, Ontario, Canada as well as LaSalle, Essex, Kingsville, Amherstburg and Leamington and serves more than 6 million passengers each year (6.72 million in 2017), covering an area of 310 km$^2$ (120 sq mi) and a population of 235,000. They operate a cross border service between the downtown areas of Windsor and Detroit, Michigan, U.S via the Tunnel Bus, and service to events at Detroit's Comerica Park, Little Caesars Arena, Huntington Place, and Ford Field. The Windsor International Transit Terminal neighbours with the Windsor International Aquatic and Training Centre. It is currently the only operator of transit buses over the Canada–United States border.

## History

Transit Windsor was started on November 1, 1977 with 90 transit buses, one double-decker bus from England, three highway coaches, and two suburban buses. Before 1977, the company was called the Sandwich, Windsor & Amherstburg Railway Company or the "SW&A".

### 1872 to 1939

The earliest ancestor of the SW&A (and thus, Transit Windsor) is the Sandwich and Windsor Passenger Railway Company, which was officially incorporated on March 2, 1872 and operated from July 20, 1874 onwards. On March 3, 1880, it was operated under foreclosure by Mr. A. J. Kennedy, who re-incorporated it as the SW&A on June 25, 1887. During this period, the SW&A was using horse-drawn streetcars. In Autumn of 1877 to May 1878, the SW&A experimented with using steam dummy railway propulsion for its streetcar and interurban services, before switching to electric power on a full-time basis, from August 15, 1891, until May 6, 1939.
From August 31, 1901 to March 31, 1920, the SW&A was under ownership of the Detroit United Railway, when the local municipalities (the cities of Windsor and East Windsor, the towns of La Salle, Riverside, Tecumseh, Amherstburg, Ojibway, Sandwich, and Walkerville, and the townships Sandwich East and Sandwich West) purchased it back from them to retain it as a municipal operation. A result of this sale was the SW&A switching to electric streetcars, though the company began phasing out streetcars (electric and steam) during the 1930s and began using motorbuses. While under municipal ownership, it was operated by the Hydro Electric Power Commission of Ontario from April 1, 1920 until September 22, 1934 under their "Hydro Electric Railways: Essex District" division.
Electric trolleybuses were introduced on May 4, 1922, but were withdrawn on January 10, 1926, with the arrival of their replacements, the motorbuses. During the Great Depression, the SW&A withdrew its buses from regular service to save on operations costs, becoming purely trolley and interurban in service from 1931 until March 21, 1938, when buses returned and the interurban and trolley lines started being decommissioned.
On that date (March 21, 1938), the trolley lines to Amherstburg were the first to be replaced with buses, with the "Windsor-Walkerville" along Wyandotte Street and "Erie Streetcar" along Ottawa Street being the last to convert to buses, on May 6, 1939. The Windsor-Tecumseh Interurban would be the last rail service of any type, being replaced with buses on May 15, 1938.
Remains of the streetcar network can be found at the intersection of Sandwich and Mill streets, where the crosswalks of Sandwich Street still retain their original streetcar rails from 1939. Keen-eyed motorists and pedestrians can still see the paved-over rails along Elm Avenue between Riverside Drive and University Avenue as two long, exceptionally straight grooves or cracks in the pavement. A business on University Avenue (formerly London Street) called "the Junction" is one of the original streetcar barns that was used by SW&A before it ended use of the streetcars.

#### Windsor Electric Street Railway Company

The Windsor Electric Street Railway was the first public electric street railway in Canada, having begun service on June 6, 1886 with official opening ceremonies on June 9. Electricity was replaced with steam dummy operations in April 1888 until the fall of that year, when it was replaced with horse-drawn carriages afterwards. It was reorganized on April 18, 1893 as the City Railway Company of Windsor, and was leased to the SW&A on March 21, 1894. The SW&A would completely absorb it on June 4, 1904 turning the Windsor-Essex Street Railway into its trolley line to Walkerville, Ontario.

#### Sandwich, Windsor and Amherstburg Interurban

March 31, 1902 saw the purchase of the South Essex Electric Railway (incorporated on April 7, 1896) by the SW&A, which held a charter to construct an interurban line to Amherstburg. This purchase would allow the SW&A to construct the yet-unbuilt line to Amherstburg from Windsor. The line was completed by the SW&A on July 4, 1903 and operated until May 15, 1938, when it was the first of the lines to be replaced with buses. Bus service to Amherstburg was sold to an independent operator, Sun Parlour Coach Lines in 1958, and would be absorbed into Charterways in 1960.

#### Windsor and Tecumseh Electric Railway Company

The Windsor and Tecumseh Electric Railway Company was incorporated in 1904 and acquired the charter and assets of the Ontario Traction Company, Limited's yet-unbuilt interurban line to Tecumseh from Windsor, on May 25, 1905. The line began interurban trolley service from May 1, 1907, and was purchased by the SW&A on March 31, 1920. It, and the "Erie Streetcar" along Ottawa Street in Windsor, were the two last trolleys/interurbans to be discontinued, surviving until May 15, 1938. Bus service would continue to Tecumseh until 1956.
The original interurban trolley line ran along Wyandotte Street, then Clairmont Street (later Clairview Street, today's Clairview Trail) and Ganatchio Trail before turning south along the west side of Lesperance Road in Tecumseh, terminating at a loop next to the CN Rail/VIA Rail tracks.

#### Windsor, Essex and Lake Shore Interurban

The Windsor, Essex and Lake Shore Rapid Railway Company was incorporated in 1901 and was controlled by the Dominion Traction and Lighting Company. This Interurban line became active on September 19, 1907 and introduced a regional bus service by 1925 as "Highway Motor Coach Line". It would be acquired by local municipalities (City of Windsor, towns of Kingsville, Leamington and Essex and the townships of Sandwich West, Sandwich East, Sandwich South, Gosfield North and Gosfield South) as the Windsor, Essex and Lake Shore Electric Railway Association on September 8, 1929, coming under common ownership with the SW&A and its interurban lines. Under its new ownership, the line received substantial upgrades to its rails, as well as brand-new rolling stock. Its interurban cars and buses were branded as "The Sunshine County Route". Due to a severe drop in riders, service was suspended in 1932. Attempts to sell the line to a steam railroad was unsuccessful and all infrastructure was dismantled and sold in 1935 Interurban service was along city streets in Leamington and Windsor, and either on its own right of way or parallel to the public highway in the county.

### 1940s to 1960s

In the 1940s, SW&A was running Ford and Twin Coach branded buses. During the 1950s, it stopped the River Canard line (1951), the 6 mile Tecumseh route (1956), and the Amherstburg line (1958).
In the 1960s it ran 14 routes:
By 1973, these would be renumbered to the following:
Lincoln-Trent Management Limited operated system for the City of Windsor from July 15, 1970 to November 1973.

### 1977 to present

After changing its name to "Transit Windsor" in 1977, the company began operating GMC New Look buses and GM highway coaches.
In the 1980s, Transit Windsor bought 30 ft (9.14 m) and 40 ft (12.19 m) Orion 01.501 and 01.508 buses and 40 ft (12.19 m) GM New Looks. The company also purchased GM Classics, MCI Classics, and an Orion 05.501 demo.
In 1997 it purchased its first low-floor buses, the Nova Bus LFS. No new high-floor buses have been purchased since.
On Sunday, June 24, 2007, Transit Windsor and Greyhound began using the newly constructed Windsor International Transit Terminal (WITT). The new facility was built to replace the former bus station which was in disrepair. The routes that run through WITT include the Transway 1A, Transway 1C, Central 3 West, Ottawa 4, Dominion 5, Dougall 6, Walkerville 8, Parent 14 and the Tunnel Bus. The terminal is located at 300 Chatham Street West behind the Windsor International Aquatics and Training Centre.
In 2014, Transit Windsor placed 16 used vehicles into service that were second-hand units from London Transit. Those units were numbered 670-685 and were New Flyer D40i Invero model buses.
In 2025, Mayor Drew Dilkens vetoed a plan that would have doubled the tunnel bus fare, likely cancelling any cross-border service.

## Routes

Current Transit Windsor bus routes (2022) :
| # | Route Name | Terminus | Terminus | Via | Other Major Destinations | Service | Notes |
| 518X | 518 Express | Tecumseh Mall | St. Clair College | E. C. Row Expressway | Devonshire Mall | Limited-stop express route | |
| 418X | 418 Express | Tecumseh Mall | Hôtel-Dieu Grace Healthcare Terminal | Tecumseh East, College Avenue & Sandwich Street. | University of Windsor | Limited-stop express route weekday service | |
| 1A | Transway 1A | Windsor International Transit Terminal | Devonshire Mall | Ouellette & Howard | | 20 minute peak service weekdays and Saturday, 30 min service all day Sunday | |
| 1C | Transway 1C | Hotel Dieu Grace Healthcare Terminal | Forest Glade | University, Ouellette & Tecumseh East | Windsor International Transit Terminal | 10 minute weekday service, 15-30 minute evening/night service. 20-30 minute Saturday service. 40-60 minute Sunday service. | |
| 2 | Crosstown | Hotel Dieu Grace Healthcare Terminal | Tecumseh Mall | Wyandotte Street | | 10 minute peak weekday service 30 minute evening/night service, 20-30 minute Saturday service, 40-60 minute Sunday service | |
| 3 | Central | Hotel Dieu Grace Healthcare Terminal | Transit Centre | Tecumseh West, Erie, Drouillard, Pillette | Rhodes Industrial Park | 30 minute weekday service, 60 minute evening/night service. 30-60 minute Saturday service, 60 minute Sunday service | |
| 4 | Ottawa | Windsor International Transit Terminal | Lauzon Parkway | Giles, Ottawa, Seminole, George, Pillette, and Ford | Tecumseh Mall | 20 minute peak weekday service 45 min evening/night service. 30-45 minute Saturday service, 50 minute Sunday service. | |
| 6 | Dougall | Windsor International Transit Terminal | St. Clair College | Dougall Avenue | | 40 minute peak weekday service, 40-70 min Saturday service, 70 min Sunday service. | |
| 7 | South Windsor | Hotel Dieu Grace Healthcare Terminal | Legacy Park/Silver City | Sprucewood, Todd Ln & Cabana | St. Clair College, Devonshire Mall | 30 min service Weekdays, 50 minute service Saturday, No Sunday/holiday service (except Boxing day 50 min service) | Note 1 |
| 8 | Walkerville | Windsor International Transit Terminal | Walker @ North Talbot | Lincoln/Gladstone & Walker | | 30 minute peak weekday service, 70 minute evening/night service. 40-70 min Saturday service, 70 minute Sunday service. Service to Windsor Airport weekdays only. | |
| 10 | Lauzon | Tecumseh Mall | Forest Glade (Southbound), East Riverside (Northbound) | Lauzon, Banwell & McHugh | WFCU Centre, St. Joseph's High School | No Sunday or holiday service. 35 minute peak weekday service. 70 minute Saturday service. | |
| 14 | Parent | Windsor International Transit Terminal | Devonshire Mall | Parent Avenue | Remington Park | No Sunday, Holiday, or evening service. 40 minute peak weekday service, no evening service. 60 minute Saturday service. | Note 1 |
| 115 | Dominion | Windsor International Transit Terminal | St. Clair College | Dominion & Campbell | | 20 minute weekday service 6 AM -11 PM, 30-60 min Saturday service, 60 minute Sunday service. | Replaces Dominion 5 |
| 2222 | Tunnel Bus | Windsor International Transit Terminal | Rosa Parks Transit Center, Downtown Detroit | Detroit-Windsor Tunnel | | 60 minute service 7 days a week | Note 2 |
| 25 | LaSalle | St. Clair College | Morton Drive | Normandy & Malden | Vollmer Culture and Recreation Complex | No Sunday & Holiday or evening Service. 45 minute peak service on weekdays, 90 minute Saturday service | |
| 305 | Dominion | Hôtel-Dieu Grace Healthcare Terminal | St. Clair College | Dominion & Campbell | | 30 minute weekday service 6 AM -11 PM, 30-60 min Saturday service, 60 minute Sunday service. | Replaces Dominion 5 |
| 42 | Leamington LTW | St. Clair College | Nature Fresh Farms Recreation Centre | Highway 3 | Essex Centre Sports Complex, Kingsville Arena Complex | Three times daily service during the week. Twice daily service on Saturday. | |
| 605 | Amherstburg | Hotel Dieu Grace Healthcare Terminal | Amherstburg | Ojibway Parkway, Front Road | | Three times daily service 7 days a week | |
Former routes
* Ouellette 1
* Transway 1B
* Transway 1C Express
* Crosstown 2 Express
* Central 3 West
* Dominion 5
* Dominion 5A
* Dominion 5B/C
* Dougall 6 Express
* Dougall 6A
* Dougall 6B
* Dougall 6A/B
* South Windsor 7A
* South Windsor 7B
* South Windsor 7C
* South Windsor 7D
* Walkerville 8A
* Walkerville 8B
* Drouillard 9
* Eastown 11
* Roseland 12
* Ojibway 13
Notes
    represents all trips on designated route are fully accessible. (all routes have some accessible trips) Based on Fall 2014-Fall 2015 schedule. As of 2020 all buses are fully accessible.
    Note 1. Service on the South Windsor 7 and Parent 14 ends at 7 PM
    Note 2. The Tunnel Bus runs from Windsor International Transit Terminal to the Rosa Parks Transit Center in downtown Detroit, Michigan via the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. More information can be found on Transit Windsor's website

## Ridership

Between 2007 and 2017, ridership steadily grew while Transit Windsor's service area stayed stagnant at around 210,000 to 220,000 people.
| | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Yearly ridership | 6.29m | 6.86m | 6.16m | 6.10m | 6.39m | 6.41m | 6.44m | 6.37m | 6.35m | 6.51m | 6.72m | 8.18m | 8.40m | | | 5.26m | 9.49m |