# Potters Bar

Potters Bar is a town in Hertfordshire, England, 13 miles (21 km) north of central London. In 2011, it had a population of 21,882. In the 2021 census, the four wards that make up Potters Bar - Bentley Heath & The Royds, Furzefield, Oakmere and Parkfield - had a combined population of 22,536; this includes several smaller outlying hamlets contained in the Bentley Heath & The Royds ward, such as Bentley Heath and Ganwick Corner. In 2022, the population was around 23,325.
Within the historic county of Middlesex until 1965, the town dates to the early 13th century but remained a small, mainly agricultural, settlement until the arrival of the Great Northern Railway in 1850. It is now part of the London commuter belt.

## Etymology

The origin of the Potters element of the town's name is uncertain; it is generally thought to be either a reference to a Roman pottery, believed to have been sited locally, or alternatively to the Pottere family who lived in neighbouring South Mimms parish.
The Bar is thought to refer to the gates leading from the South Mimms parish and into the Enfield Chase parish; it could possibly hail from a toll on the Great North Road, said to have been by what is now the disused Green Man pub or at the current entrance to Morven House.

## History

Potters Bar is located on the Great North Road, one of two road routes from the City of London to the north of England. The road was originally numbered as the A1 and later the A1000.
Potters Bar was historically part of Middlesex and formed the Potters Bar Urban District of that county from 1934. From 1894 to 1934 its area had formed the South Mimms Rural District. In 1965, the district was transferred to Hertfordshire County Council, while most of the rest of Middlesex County Council became part of Greater London.
The urban district covered an area of 6,129 acres (24.80 km$^2$). In 1939, it had a population of 13,681, increasing to 24,613 in 1971. In 1974, the urban district was abolished and the area became part of the borough of Hertsmere. Having been part of Middlesex, the area continued to form part of the Metropolitan Police District; with the creation of the Greater London Authority, it was transferred to the Hertfordshire Constabulary in 2000.

### Byng family

Wrotham Park estate, home of the Byng family, sits within Potters Bar and Barnet on 2,500 acres of land. The Byng family still own a lot of land in the Potters Bar area; The Admiral Byng pub in Darkes Lane is named after Admiral John Byng, who was executed for failing to obey orders in the Minorca campaign.

### Zeppelin L31

In the early hours of 1 October 1916, Lieutenant Wulstan Tempest shot down Germany's most famous zeppelin, the L31. It was captained by Heinrich Mathy with his crew of 18. All were killed when the flaming zeppelin fell into an ancient oak tree on the Oakmere Estate, Oakmere House at the time being rented by Mrs Forbes. The deadly raids over England declined after this. The 19 German sailors (zeppelins were naval) were buried in the local cemetery and, decades later, reinterred at Cannock Chase German Military Cemetery. The Potters Bar Museum has a Zeppelin display, with relics of the L31.

## Demographics

As of the 2021 census, Potters Bar still had a Christian majority, making it more Christian than both England and Wales as a whole and the rest of Hertsmere. Potters Bar has a significant Jewish community and an Orthodox synagogue but, as a percentage of the overall population, the Jewish community, which numbers over 600, pales in comparison to every other settlement in Hertsmere, the most Jewish borough in the country.
| Area | All people | Christian (%) | Buddhist (%) | Hindu (%) | Jewish (%) | Muslim (%) | Sikh (%) | Other (%) | No religion (%) | Not stated (%) |
| England and Wales | 56,490,048 | 46.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 6.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 36.7 | 6.0 |
| Potters Bar | 22,536 | 52.33 | 0.56 | 4.22 | 2.76 | 4.13 | 0.16 | 1.17 | 28.34 | 6.34 |

## Geography
### Climate

Potters Bar experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom.
Climate data for Potters Bar :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8 (46) | 9 (48) | 12 (54) | 14 (57) | 18 (64) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 20 (68) | 16 (61) | 11 (52) | 8 (46) | 15 (59) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5 (41) | 5 (41) | 6 (43) | 8 (46) | 10 (50) | 13 (55) | 15 (59) | 16 (61) | 13 (55) | 11 (52) | 8 (46) | 5 (41) | 10 (50) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50.7 (2.00) | 39.9 (1.57) | 31.7 (1.25) | 46.2 (1.82) | 38.9 (1.53) | 46.4 (1.83) | 33.1 (1.30) | 43.6 (1.72) | 49.7 (1.96) | 70.7 (2.78) | 58.1 (2.29) | 56.9 (2.24) | 565.9 (22.28) |
| Source: ||||||||||||||

## Transport
### Roads

The A1 was built as a major arterial road and a crossroads at Bignells Corner linked it to the Barnet–St Albans road. Potters Bar is now also served by junctions 23 and 24 of the M25 motorway.

### Railway

Potters Bar railway station is sited on the East Coast Main Line. Govia Thameslink Railway operates services on the Great Northern Route under two sub-brands:
* Great Northern:
** Cambridge, Letchworth and Stevenage to London King's Cross
** Welwyn Garden City to Moorgate
* Thameslink, at peak hours only:
** Welwyn Garden City to Sevenoaks, via St Pancras International, London Blackfriars and Catford.
Potters Bar was the location of two major rail accidents in 1946 and 2002.
The nearest London Underground station is at Cockfosters, on the Piccadilly line; it is approximately 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south on the A111 from junction 24 of the M25.

### Buses

Potters Bar has a bus depot that services local and London bus routes. Key routes include:
| Route Number | Route | Operation | Operator |
| 84 | St. Albans St Peters Street to Potters Bar station , via the High Street | Daily | Sullivan Buses |
| 84B | Potters Bar station , to Barnet General Hospital, via High Barnet Station | Mon-Sat | Central Connect |
| 242 | Waltham Cross bus station to Potters Bar station , via Cuffley and Cheshunt. Extended to Welwyn Garden City via Hatfield on Sundays | Daily | Metroline (Mon-Sat) TrustyBus (Sun) |
| 298 | Potters Bar Cranbourne Road to Arnos Grove tube station , via Cockfosters | Daily | Uno |
| 313 | Potters Bar station to Chingford station , via Enfield | Daily | Arriva London |
| 306B | Potters Bar station to Watford, via Elstree | Sat | Sullivan Buses |
| 398 | Potters Bar station to Watford, via Radlett | Mon-Fri | Sullivan Buses |
| 610 | Cockfosters to Luton, via Welham Green and Hatfield Business Park | Mon-Sat | Uno |
| PB1 Circular | Circular via Shillitoe Avenue, Potters Bar station , High Street and Oakmere | Mon-Sat | Uno |

## Churches

There are eight churches in Potters Bar. These include St Mary the Virgin and All Saints' Church at the top of the Walk, the first Anglican parish in the town created from the parish of South Mimms in the 1800s. The Church contains stained glass including some "fine portraits" of several saints as well as tributes to John Keble, and Randall Davidson. There is a Madonna Window in memory of John Goodacre, a long-time schoolmaster at Potters Bar. Other churches include Our Lady and St Vincent (Roman Catholic), King Charles the Martyr, Christ Church, Potters Bar Baptist Church, St John's Methodist Church and the Causeway Free Church. Potters Bar Spiritualist Church is on Hill Rise. There was briefly a Salvation Army in Station Road. There is also the Jain Temple at the Oshwal Centre, which "recreates a general Māru-Gurjara aesthetic".

## Education

There are six primary and infant state schools in Potters Bar and the surrounding area; they are Cranborne School, Ladbrooke JMI, Little Heath Primary, Oakmere Primary, Pope Paul RC Primary and Wroxham School.
Mount Grace School is a mixed grant maintained School in Potters Bar opened in 1954.
Lochinver house school is an all-boys preparatory school in Potters Bar, which opened in 1947.
Stormont School is an all-girls preparatory school in Potters Bar, which opened in 1944.
Dame Alice Owen's School is a mixed grant-maintained school in Potters Bar. Founded in 1613 and based in Islington until 1973, it is unusual in its 'Visitation' and 'Beer Money' traditions.
The town also houses many veterinary medicine (mostly third, fourth and fifth-year) students from the Royal Veterinary College.

## Sport, entertainment and recreation

Potters Bar has a King George's Field in memorial to King George V, which is situated behind the Furzefield Centre. There is a swimming pool and leisure centre run by Hertsmere council, which is home to St Albans and Hertsmere Canoe Club. Also in the town are Potters Bar Town F.C., Potters Bar Swimming Club (PBSC), a Scuba diving Club (the Potters Bar Sub Aqua Club), a tennis club, a cricket club. The Wyllyotts Centre is a theatre, cinema and events venue, and is also the location of the town's museum. Potters Bar is also home to the Hertfordshire Showband (formally known as the Marching Blues).
In December 2018, the golf course at Potters Bar closed after 95 years.
In 1983, the area around Potters Bar was used for the on-location filming of the comic-horror film Bloodbath at the House of Death. Also, in 2005, David Walliams and Matt Lucas shot two scenes for the third season of the comedy Little Britain: one scene at Mount Grace School gym and the other at a wedding shop on the High Street. Potters Bar is also home to a performing arts school, Top Hat Stage School, which has been running classes at Elm Court Community Centre since 1994.

## Notable residents

* Amanda Abbington, actress
* Acker Bilk, clarinetist, divided his time between Pensford, Somerset and Potters Bar
* Ambika Mod, actress
* Bernard Butler, musician, record producer and guitarist in Suede.
* Roger Fenton, Crimean war photographer who lived at Mount Grace manor house
* Martin Freeman, actor
* Tony Jacklin, golfer, whose home golf club was Potters Bar Golf Club
* Terry Lightfoot, jazz musician, born in Potters Bar
* Storm Thorgerson, graphic designer, born in Potters Bar
* Dolly Shepherd, parachutist and entertainer, born in Potters Bar.
* John Yianni, board game designer (notably of Hive), born in Potters Bar
* Thomas Law, actor (notable for Eastenders and The World's End)

## Twinnings

Potters Bar is twinned with:
* Viernheim, Germany
* Franconville, Val-d'Oise, France (since 1973)