OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mandolino (comedian)

Armando Navarrete Navarrete (February 28, 1934 – May 14, 2014), better known as Mandolino, was a Chilean actor, singer and comedian. He was known in the United States, Chile, and in the rest of Latin America for his comedy sketches with Don Francisco on Sabado Gigante (Sabados Gigantes in Chile). Navarrete began his show business career as a singer in the Chilean musical group Los Flamingos [es].

## Early life

Navarrete was born in Concepcion, Chile.

## Entertainment career

Navarrete first started out as a singer, joining Los Flamingos when the group was formed in 1955. Los Flamingos [es] were one of the first rock music bands in Chile; they moved to Argentina in 1959 to expand their fame, and returned to Chile in 1962 to host a television show named De Fiesta Con Los Flamingos, (Partying With Los Flamingos) co-hosted also by Enrique Maluenda.
Around 1969 or 1970, Navarrete met Mario Kreutzberger, better known as "Don Francisco", who had already established Sabados Gigantes in Chile. He spoke to Kreutzberger about creating Mandolino, a wise-cracking, untrusting character who would serve as a foil to Don Francisco. At first, Kreutzberger was reluctant to include Mandolino in the show regularly, but he relented. This resulted in Mandolino becoming a regular on the show for years, including after its move to the United States for Univisión.
Navarrete's Mandolino character was inspired by Martin and Lewis. He consulted Cantinflas for advice, who suggested to him that Mandolino wear loose pants on his sketches.
The Mandolino became popular in Chile and in the rest of Latin America. When, on April 12, 1986, Sabado Gigante began to be broadcast in the United States live from Miami on Univisión, Navarrete moved there. He remained on the show until 1991, when he was fired as a result of a fight between him and Kreutzberger. For a period afterwards, he sold newspapers in the United States to sustain himself. Navarrete found work for a brief time on Telemundo.

## Later life

In 2011, Navarrete moved to Honduras along with his daughter Lidia. Navarrete began hosting a show there on Television Educativa Nacional called La Hora de Mandolino.

## Death

On May 14, 2014, Navarro died in Tegucigalpa from a heart attack in his sleep.
# Chen Chih-chi

Chen Chih-chi (Chinese: 陳植棋; Wade–Giles: Ch'ên$^2$ Chih$^2$-ch'i$^2$; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Si̍t-kî; 16 January 1906 - 13 April 1931) was a Taiwanese painter.

## Early life

Born and raised in Sui-teng-ka (modern-day Xizhi District, Taipei), Chen Chih-chi was a forthright and bold person by nature, with noteworthy leadership abilities.
He entered Taihoku Normal School in 1921 and, in 1924, he joined Kinichiro Ishikawa’s plein air field trips. His experiences with Ishikawa inspired his paintings. In November 1924, he was expelled from school after becoming involved in a student protest. On the suggestion of Ishikawa Kinichiro and Tōho Shiotsuki, he left Taiwan to study painting in Japan.
In February of 1925, he arrived in Tokyo and began studying at the Hongō Painting Institute before entering the Western Painting Division of the Tokyo School of Fine Arts. In addition to his formal classes, he also studied at the Yoshimura Painting Studio, where he was influenced by Yoshimura Yoshimatsu.

## Work and public life

During his time studying in Tokyo, he remained concerned about the development of art communities in Taiwan and made frequent trips back and forth between Taiwan and Japan. Chen became an important founder of organizations like the “Chi-Hsing Painting Society” (七星畫壇) and the “Chidao Association” (赤島社). He was both warm and generous towards others. Up and coming artists like Lee Shih-chiao, Hung Jui-lin, Chang Wan-chuan, and Chen De-wang all received his encouragement and went to Japan for further study. In order to gain recognition in art world, he put his extraordinary talents and efforts to the task of continually producing new works.
Between 1924 and 1931, when he died of illness, his works were selected twice for the Imperial Art Exhibition, three times for the Taiwan Art Exhibition, and three times with review exemption for the Taiwan Art Exhibition – extraordinary achievements for his brief, seven-year long career. In addition, there are records of his work having been exhibited in ten other large and small scale art exhibitions.

## Death

In April 1931, he died in Taihoku. at the age of 26. In September of the same year, a posthumous exhibition of Chen’s works was held in his honor at the former building of Taiwan Governor-General's Office.

## Painting style

His works were primary oil paintings, and his themes included sceneries and landscapes, still lifes, and figures. His works were influenced by Post-Impressionism and Fauvism, but demonstrated a strong personal style through wild, vigorous brushwork and his bold use of color. His scenic paintings were devoted to illustrating the special characteristics of nature in Taiwan. Examples of such work include: Taiwan Landscape (Selected for the 9th Teiten in 1928) and Tamsui Landscape (selected for the 11th Teiten in 1930). A series of portrait paintings of his wife includes works such as: Fond of Peaches (Ai Tao) (1927), My Wife (1927), and The Wife (1930~1931). These works present courageous, firm, and persistent images of Taiwanese women. [[[[|thumb]]|thumb]]
# Nrx

nrx or NRX may refer to:
* Ngomburr language (ISO 639-3: nrx), a supposed extinct Australian Aboriginal language
* Noadar Dhal railway station (Indian Railways station code: NRX), West Bengal, India
* Norse Air (ICAO: NRX), a South African charter airline
* NRX, a nuclear reactor in Canada
* Neo-reactionary movement, also called Dark Enlightenment, a philosophical and political movement deemed neo-fascist by many
# Mike Stamm

Michael Eugene Stamm (born August 6, 1952) is an American former backstroke swimmer who earned a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. team in the men's 4×100-meter medley relay at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. At the 1972 Olympics, the 20-year-old Stamm also won individual silver medals in the 100-meter and in the 200-meter backstroke.
At that time, Stamm was the second-best backstroker in the world, behind East German Roland Matthes. Stamm briefly broke Matthes' world record in the 200-meter backstroke in 1970, but Matthes reclaimed it just three weeks later.
He graduated from Crawford High School. Stamm was coached by James Counsilman at Indiana University.
# Irene Vélez Torres

Irene Vélez Torres (born August 2, 1982) is a Colombian philosopher and doctor in political geography. Since June 2024 she is the Colombian Cónsul General and Head of Mission in London, UK. From August 11, 2022 to July 19, 2023, she held the position of Minister of Mines and Energy.

## Early life

Irene Vélez is the daughter of Hildebrando Vélez, an environmentalist and educator recognized for his activism in the Black Communities Process through which he became very close to Francia Márquez. Vélez Torres studied philosophy at the National University, with a master's degree in cultural studies at the same university. She completed a doctorate in political geography at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and has written on natural resource issues and environmental conflicts in Colombia
Vélez served as an environmental social leader against mining in Colombia, leading research related to the environmental impact of illegal mining on communities and energy transition models, and serving as a professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Valle.

## Minister of Mines and Energy

In 2022, her name was suggested for Minister of Science and Technology in the government of Gustavo Petro, since she had been appointed as part of the joint team in that area by the previous government. On August 6, 2022, President-elect Gustavo Petro instead appointed her Minister of Mines and Energy.
Her appointment caused surprise due to Vélez's environmental activism and lack of connection to the extractivist energy sectors such as oil and coal. However the Petro government proposed an acceleration of the energy transition to make the country less and less dependent on non-renewable extractive energy with an increase in clean renewables.
After controversies, including two censure motions, she had to resign in June 2023, over a case of influence-peddling involving a migration officer who was pressured, allegedly, by Vélez to allow the departure of her son for Europe without complying with legal requirements. A charge of influence peddling is pending in the Colombian courts, as of 2024, as is a legal challenge to her appointment to a Consular diplomatic post in London ahead of other qualified candidates.
# Margarete Koppers

Margarete Koppers (born 19 August 1961 in Wissel) is a German lawyer and currently Attorney General in Berlin. She is the first woman in the office. Before that she was Vice President of the Berlin Police, also the first woman in the office.

## Life

Koppers grew up in North Rhine-Westphalia and moved to Berlin in the early-1980s, where she studied law. In 1988, she joined the Berlin Department of Justice, became a judge and finally held the office of Vice President of the Berlin Regional Court. For two years, she worked as a research assistant at the Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe.
On 8 March 2010, Koppers was appointed police vice-president, becoming acting police chief for Dieter Glietsch, who was still in office at that time. She provisionally headed the Berlin police force for one and a half years after no successor could be appointed for Glietsch, who retired at the end of May 2011 and was succeeded by Klaus Kandt only on 17 December 2012. Koppers remained in office as police vice-president until 18 February 2018.
Kopper's conduct of office in the context of Berlin's organized crime as well as her decisions as Attorney General have been the subject of several national reports.
Koppers was married and now, after having tried out several "relationship models," lives with her life partner in Berlin. Koppers is married to a family court judge.
# Yurany Avendaño

Melba Yurany Avendaño Romero (born 5 January 1993) is a Colombian artistic gymnast. She represents her nation at international gymnast competitions, including at the 2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
# Ifeoma Malo

Ifeoma Malo is a Nigerian lawyer working in international development. Her work focuses on clean energy technologies, and energy access and climate change mitigation and adaptation across Africa.

## Education

She obtained a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Ibadan in 2000 and holds multiple master's degrees: Law from Harvard University, Dispute Resolution, an MBA and a Masters in Information Technology, all from the University of Massachusetts Boston.
She also has a graduate certificate diploma in public policy from the University of Massachusetts Boston.

## Career

Malo began her career as counsel at Ashoka, office of West Africa and from there worked as a deputy head intellectual property at the firm of George Ikoli and Okagbue and later as a senior manager at the Negotiation and Conflict Management Group.
In the United States, Malo worked as an associate at the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) working under the policy department and contributing to initiatives that led to the states universal health coverage. She was an adjunct professor at the University of Massachusetts Boston in the College of Management. She also served as a consultant at the Global Biotechnology firm called Genzyme Corporation.
In 2015, she served as the chief of staff and senior technical adviser on energy policies, regulations and partnerships to Osita Nebo, the former Nigerian Minister of Power. She was the former Country Director of Power for All (2016–2020). She is currently the Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Clean Tech Hub and Energy Innovation Center, Abuja. She also played a senior advisory role with the Chairman of the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission.
She serves as an Independent Director of Norrenberger Financial Group, a Nigerian investment and financial services holding company. She also seats on the global board of Green Peace International in Netherlands and the board of Access to Energy Institute in Germany. She was a former board member of Budgit - Nigerian civic organisation that applies technology for citizen engagement with institutional improvement to facilitate societal change.

## Award and honors

In the year 2013, she was nominated among six Nigerians for Desmond Tutu Fellowship Programme. Malo won the Eisenhower Fellowship award in 2015. She is a Desmond Tutu fellow, African Leadership fellow, and Crans Montana New Leaders fellow. In addition, she is a fellow of the African Leadership Forum as well as a Global Leadership Academy fellow.
In 2020, Malo was selected by an international team of judges in the African Power and Energy Elite industry award as the Power Industry Leader of the year.
# Zeineb Benzina

Zeïneb Benzina Ben Abdallah is an epigrapher and archaeologist, who was, in 2011, Director of Research at the National Heritage Institute (French: L'Institut national du patrimoine) based in Tunis. An expert on ancient Tunisia and North Africa, a festschrift, dedicated to her work was published in 2024, entitled: Fragments d'histoire et d'épigraphie ronaines, Hommages offerts à Zeineb Benzina Ben Abdallah.

## Career

Benzina was, in 2011, Director of Research at the National Heritage Institute based in Tunis. She is an expert on ancient Tunisia and North Africa, and in particular Roman Africa, Carthage. Her work with Jean Payras on inscriptions in pre-consulate North Africa was described by R M Kerr as "enlightening". Her catalogue of Latin inscriptions held in the Bardo National Museum was reviewed by Louis Maurin, who described it as erudite, with the commentary writing is a concise yet lively style. On her work on the inscriptions at Haïdra, written with François Baratte and Fathi Bejaoui, their extensive work was described as "an imposing volume". A festschrift, dedicated to her work and edited by Samir Aounallah and L. Naddari, was published in 2024; it was entitled: Fragments d'histoire et d'épigraphie ronaines, Hommages offerts à Zeineb Benzina Ben Abdallah.

## Personal life

Benzina's mother was Tewhida Ben Sheikh, the first female physician in the Arab world.
* Africa portal
* History portal
# Lilli Kay

Lilli Kay (born March 18, 1996) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Penelope Fowler in Netflix series Chambers (2019) and Sofia "Fia" Baxter in Showtime series Your Honor (2020–2023). She also appeared on the fifth season of neo-Western drama series Yellowstone (2022).

## Career

Kay starred as Fia Baxter opposite Bryan Cranston and Michael Stuhlbarg in Showtime drama series Your Honor, becoming a series regular in season two. She also appeared in the film Paterno and Netflix series Chambers.
She has a recurring role as Clara Brewer in Yellowstone in season five. She was involved in the first non-heterosexual kiss on the show, kissing her real-life partner, Juli Kocemba.
Kay played Rachelle Horowitz in the film Rustin opposite Colman Domingo, Chris Rock and Jeffrey Wright. She can be seen in indie feature film The Luckiest Man in America opposite Paul Walter Hauser. In June 2024, she was cast in an Apple TV+ golf-based comedy series Stick from Jason Keller, starring Owen Wilson.

## Personal life

She is also a musician and a member of the LGBTQA+ community. On the television series Yellowstone, she worked alongside her father Stephen Kay who is a director and executive producer on the series. Her stepmother Piper Perabo also acted in the series.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes works that have not yet been released |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2018 | Paterno | Dori | Television film |
| 2019 | Madam Secretary | Ruby | Episode: "The New Normal" |
| 2019 | Chambers | Penelope Fowler | Main role; 10 episodes |
| 2020–2023 | Your Honor | Fia Baxter | Main role |
| 2022 | August at Twenty-Two | Emily Walker | |
| 2022–2024 | Yellowstone | Clara Brewer | Recurring role |
| 2023 | Rustin | Rachelle | |
| 2024 | The Luckiest Man in America | TBA | |
| 2024 | The Heiress | Christina Onassis | Short film |
| 2025 | For Worse | Tina | |
| 2025 | Stick † | Zero | Apple TV+ series |
# Institute for Applied Autonomy

The Institute for Applied Autonomy was an activist group of anonymous artists known for employing technology in protest. The group focused on dissemination of knowledge, autonomy, and methods of self-determination through artistic expression and application of military-like technology to the topics of Criminal Mischief, decentralized systems and individual autonomy.

## History

The Institute for Applied Autonomy was founded in 1998 as an informal research collective around the central theme of contestational robotics.
Its Mission statement was to "study the forces and structures which affect self-determination and to provide technologies which extend the autonomy of human activists."

## Projects

One of its better known initiatives was i-See, a decentralized CCTV map distribution software containing user-generated data including positioning of surveillance cameras in New York City, as well as several other international city centers, in protest of privacy violations on the general public.
In 2003, they took part in the Cartographic Congress organised by the University of Openess in London
Their project TXTMob, a registration system for cell phones to allow protest groups rapid, anonymous communication, was used during the 2004 Republican National Convention. TXTMob allowed users to subscribe to groups of like-minded persons via a web interface. Once subscribed, messages sent to the group would be passed from the web to the group members' cell phones. In February 2008, the New York City Law Department issued a subpoena directed to the programmer of TXTMob, asking him to reveal users of the service and contents of messages sent during the convention.
Other IAA projects included the Graffiti writer and Terminal air.
All IAA artwork has been copylefted, with permission for use as long as it is attributed.
# Autopista de Circunvalación M-40

The M-40, in Spanish transport, is a Madrid orbital motorway. It is the second-outermost of the Madrid orbital highways, the M-30 being the closest to the centre of Madrid. It surrounds 17 out of the 21 districts of Madrid and the contiguous town of Pozuelo de Alarcón. In terms of length and surface surrounded, it may be compared to London's North and South circular roads, or Paris' A86 super-périphérique.

## Overview

The M-40 is the second highway belt of Madrid and was built between 1989 and 1996. It has a total length of 63.3 km (39.3 mi), looping around Madrid and its suburb Pozuelo de Alarcón at a mean distance of 10.1 km (6.3 mi) to the Puerta del Sol. The actual distance is much closer in the southern and eastern spans, which have been engulfed by the city in some points; than in the west, where the Casa de Campo and the projection towards Pozuelo brings it further from Madrid itself.
Furthermore, it is the only one of the several ring roads serving Madrid that runs as a full-fledged motorway for all its length: a span about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long at the northern arc of the inner M-30 are not freeway-grade, having level crossings and traffic lights; while the outermost M-50 is not a full ring road due to the interruption caused by the Mount of El Pardo protected natural zone. With the "normal" M-40 traffic already being one of the heaviest in Spain, this provides for mighty jams in its northern span during peak hours. The Madrid regional government, which built the M-45 motorway external to the M-40 specifically to decongest the southern and eastern spans of the older beltway, has recently aired plans to address the northern jams by effectively "closing" the M-50 ring with a tunnel under the protected area.
Somewhat counterintuitively to foreigners and natives alike, the M in the road name does not indicate a hypothetical ownership of the road by the autonomous regional administration. Instead, both the M-40 and the M-50 are state-owned freeways, as shown by the white text on blue background of their signals, whereas Madrid regional motorways like the M-45 use black text on an orange background that identify them as pertaining to the "regional first order roads" category of the Spanish Traffic Code. The M-30, on the other hand, is managed by the Madrid City Council as an urban freeway.
# Raqib Hameed Naik

Raqib Hameed Naik (born 1995) is a Kashmiri journalist. In 2020, he relocated to the United States. He is the founder and executive director of the Center for the Study of Organized Hate (CSOH), a nonprofit, nonpartisan think tank based in Washington, D.C. He also founded Hindutva Watch, a research project that documents hate crimes and hate speeches against religious minorities in India, and India Hate Lab, which studies hate speech, disinformation, and conspiracy theories targeting religious minorities.
Naik is the Pulitzer Center grantee. He has been featured and quoted in various news outlets, including The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, The Intercept, American Kahani, BBC, Daily Express UK, Tech Crunch, Forbes, Voice of America, Vox, Wired, PBS, NPR, LA Times, Al Jazeera, Reuters, Rolling Stone and The Chenab Times.

## Early life and education

Raqib was born to Kashmiri parents in Jammu and Kashmir. He did his early schooling Sri Ranbir Higher Secondary School Jammu. He moved to Srinagar to complete his under graduation from Amar Singh College. He then attended Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi and University of Bolton, UK for Masters in Public Administration and International Multimedia Journalism, respectively.

## Career

Raqib started his career as a staff reporter with Twocircles.net, where he stayed until 2017. In his early career, he was based in Kashmir. Later he reported from different Indian states. He was guest editor at Beyond Headlines. In 2018, he joined The Globe Post as its Indian correspondent.

### X Censorship Case

In January 2024, the Indian government geo-blocked the X (formerly Twitter) handle of Hindutva Watch, followed by the blocking of its website along with India Hate Lab. The government issued blocking notices under Section 69A of the controversial Information Technology Act.
In April 2024, Naik petitioned the Delhi High Court to challenge the illegal, arbitrary, and disproportionate blocking of Hindutva Watch’s X account and both websites. The petition named the Union of India and X Corp, the company owned by Elon Musk that manages X.
In September 2024, X Corp, for the first time in India, filed an affidavit in the Delhi High Court in support of Naik, calling the Indian government’s blocking order a “disproportionate and unreasonable restriction.”

### Awards

Raqib won the Aminah Assilmi Award in Media Excellence in 2021 and has been shortlisted for the Thomson Foundation Award.
# Ezinwa Okoroafor

Ezinwa Nwanyieze Okoroafor is a Nigerian legal practitioner. She served as the International Secretary of the International Federation of Women Lawyers, (FIDA) in 2017. She has previously served as Regional Vice President for Africa for International Federation of Women Lawyers, (FIDA), and National President for the Nigeria branch of the International Federation of Women Lawyers, (FIDA).
Okoroafor was the council member of Nigerian Bar Association women forum, national chairperson of the Society of Women in Taxation of Nigeria, delegate to the Nigeria National Conference of 2014
# Crassispira birmanica

Crassispira birmanica is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in Miocene strata ( Kama Stage) of Myanmar; age range: 23.03 to 20.43 Ma
# Sirwan, Iraq

Sirwan District (Arabic: قضاء سيروان) is a district of the Halabja Governorate, Iraq.