# Russia at the Olympics

Russia, referred to by its formal name; the Russian Federation, by the International Olympic Committee, has competed at the modern Olympic Games on many occasions, but as different nations in its history. As the Russian Empire, the nation first competed at the 1900 Games, and returned again in 1908 and 1912. After the Russian revolution in 1917, and the subsequent establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922, it would be thirty years until Russian athletes next competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia competed as part of the Unified Team in 1992, and finally returned once again as Russia at the 1994 Winter Olympics.
The Russian Olympic Committee was created in 1991 and recognized in 1993. The Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and the Russian Federation hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
In twelve appearances from 1994 to 2016, Russian athletes won a total of 422 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 120 at the Winter Olympic Games. Russia's 542 total medals, including 193 gold medals, are second behind only the United States in that timespan.
In 2017, Russia was suspended from competing at the Olympic Games due to the state-sponsored doping scandal. Russian athletes were allowed to participate in the 2018 Winter Olympics as the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR). They were also allowed to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics, representing the Russian Olympic Committee.
Amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Olympic Committee allowed Russian and Belarusian athletes to participate at the 2024 Summer Olympics as Individual Neutral Athletes.

## Hosted Games

Russia has hosted the Games on two occasions. Moscow was the host of the 1980 Summer Games, when Russia (Russian SFSR) was part of the Soviet Union. Sochi was the host of the 2014 Winter Games, as part of the Russian Federation.
| Games | Host city | Dates | Nations | Participants | Events |
| 1980 Summer Olympics | Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union | 19 July–3 August | 80 | 5,179 | 203 |
| 2014 Winter Olympics | Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russian Federation | 7–23 February | 88 | 2,873 | 98 |

## Participation
### Timeline of participation

| Date | Team | Team | Team | Team | Team | Team |
| 1900–1912 | Russian Empire (RU1) | Russian Empire (RU1) | Russian Empire (RU1) | Russian Empire (RU1) | Russian Empire (RU1) | Russian Empire (RU1) |
| 1920 | Estonia (EST) | | | | | |
| 1924–1936 | Estonia (EST) | Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | | | | |
| 1952–1988 | Soviet Union (URS) | Soviet Union (URS) | Soviet Union (URS) | Soviet Union (URS) | Soviet Union (URS) | Soviet Union (URS) |
| 1992 | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Unified Team (EUN) | Unified Team (EUN) | Unified Team (EUN) | Unified Team (EUN) |
| 1994 | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Russia (RUS) | Belarus (BLR) | Armenia (ARM), Georgia (GEO), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kyrgyzstan (KGZ), Moldova (MDA), Ukraine (UKR), Uzbekistan (UZB) | |
| 1996–2016 | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Russia (RUS) | Belarus (BLR) | Armenia (ARM), Georgia (GEO), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kyrgyzstan (KGZ), Moldova (MDA), Ukraine (UKR), Uzbekistan (UZB) | Azerbaijan (AZE), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM) |
| 2018 | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) | Belarus (BLR) | Armenia (ARM), Georgia (GEO), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kyrgyzstan (KGZ), Moldova (MDA), Ukraine (UKR), Uzbekistan (UZB) | Azerbaijan (AZE), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM) |
| 2020–2022 | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) | Belarus (BLR) | Armenia (ARM), Georgia (GEO), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kyrgyzstan (KGZ), Moldova (MDA), Ukraine (UKR), Uzbekistan (UZB) | Azerbaijan (AZE), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM) |
| 2024 | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Estonia (EST), Latvia (LAT), Lithuania (LTU) | Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) | Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) | | Armenia (ARM), Georgia (GEO), Kazakhstan (KAZ), Kyrgyzstan (KGZ), Moldova (MDA), Ukraine (UKR), Uzbekistan (UZB) | Azerbaijan (AZE), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM) |

### Combined medals

The Russian Federation, the Russian Empire, the Olympic Athletes from Russia and the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) are sometimes combined outside of IOC sources. The Soviet Union is often combined with the post-union team that competed in 1992. Some sources combine the Soviet Union and Russia, despite the fact that many republics which subsequently gained or re-gained independence (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan) contributed to the medal tally of the USSR, and there are sources that combine all medals of RU1, URS, EUN, OAR, ROC and RUS. On 31 January 1992, the United Nations recognized, without objection, Russia as legal successor of the rights and obligations of the former Soviet Union, but this has no significance in medal tallies.
Neutral Russian athletes that competed as AIN at the 2024 Summer Olympics are also included in the table.
Medal counts: Russia combined with precursors status after the 2024 Olympics
| | Summer Games | Summer Games | Summer Games | Summer Games | Summer Games | Winter Games | Winter Games | Winter Games | Winter Games | Winter Games | Combined total | Combined total | Combined total | Combined total | Combined total |
| Team (IOC code) | No. | | | | Total | No. | | | | Total | No. | | | | Total |
| Russia (RUS) | 6 | 147 | 125 | 150 | 422 | 6 | 46 | 39 | 35 | 120 | 12 | 193 | 164 | 185 | 542 |
| Russian Empire (RU1) | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 |
| Soviet Union (URS) | 9 | 395 | 319 | 296 | 1010 | 9 | 78 | 57 | 59 | 194 | 18 | 473 | 376 | 355 | 1204 |
| Unified Team (EUN) | 1 | 45 | 38 | 29 | 112 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 23 | 2 | 54 | 44 | 37 | 135 |
| Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 17 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 17 |
| Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) | 1 | 20 | 28 | 23 | 71 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 15 | 32 | 2 | 25 | 40 | 38 | 103 |
| Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 21 | 608 | 515 | 501 | 1624 | 18 | 140 | 120 | 126 | 386 | 39 | 748 | 635 | 627 | 2010 |

## Medal tables

    *Purple border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil.