# Murree

Murree (Punjabi, Urdu: مری) is a mountain resort city and Tehsil, located in the Galyat region of the Pir Panjal Range, within the Murree District of Punjab, Pakistan. It forms the outskirts of the Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area, and is about 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Islamabad. It has an average altitude of 2,291 metres (7,516 ft). This town was built during the British Raj to escape the scorching heat in the plains of Punjab during the summer.
Construction of the town was started in 1851 on the hill of Murree as a sanatorium for British troops. The permanent town of Murree was constructed in 1853 and a church was consecrated shortly thereafter. One main road was established, commonly referred to as "Mall Road". Murree was the headquarters during the summer of the colonial Punjab Government until 1876 when it was moved to Shimla.
Murree became a popular tourist station for British citizens of the British Raj. Several prominent Britons were born in Murree including Bruce Bairnsfather, Francis Younghusband, Reginald Dyer and Joanna Kelley. During the colonial era, access to commercial establishments was restricted for non-Europeans. Such establishments included Lawrence College, Murree.
Since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Murree has retained its position as a popular hill station, noted for its pleasant summer weather. Many tourists visit the town from the Islamabad-Rawalpindi area. The town also serves as a transit point for tourists visiting Azad Kashmir and Abbottabad. The town is noted for its Tudorbethan and neo-gothic architecture. The Government of Pakistan owns a summer retreat in Murree, where foreign dignitaries including heads of state often visit.

## History

Murree, or Marhee as it was then called, was first identified as a potential hill station by Major James Abbott in 1847.
The town's early development was in 1851 by the President of the Punjab Administrative Board, Sir Henry Lawrence. It was originally established as a sanatorium for British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier. Officially, the municipality was created in 1850.
The permanent town of Murree was constructed at Sunnybank in 1853. The church was sanctified in May 1857, and the main road, Jinnah Road, originally known as Mall Road and still commonly referred to as "The Mall"), was built. The most significant commercial establishments, the Post Office, general merchants with European goods, tailors and a millinery, were established opposite the church. Until 1947, access to Mall Road was restricted for "natives" (non-Europeans).
In the summer of 1857, a rebellion against the British broke out. The local tribes of Murree and Hazara, including the Dhund Abbasis and others, attacked the depleted British Army garrison in Murree; however, the tribes were ultimately overcome by the British and capitulated. From 1873 to 1875, Murree was the summer headquarters of the Punjab local government; after 1876 the headquarters were moved to Shimla.
The railway connection with Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province, via Rawalpindi, made Murree a popular resort for Punjab officials, and the villas and other houses erected for the accommodation of English families gave it a European aspect. The houses crowned the summit and sides of an irregular ridge, the neighboring hills were covered during the summer with encampments of British troops, while the station itself was filled with European visitors from the plains and travelers to Kashmir. It was connected with Rawalpindi by a service tangas.
It was described in the Gazetteer of Rawalpindi District, 1893–94 as follows:
   The sanatorium of Murree lies in north latitude 33° 54′ 30″ and east longitude 73° 26′ 30″, at an elevation of 7,517 feet (2,291 m) above sea level, and contained a standing population of 1,768 inhabitants, which was, however, enormously increased during the [May–November] season by the influx of visitors and their attendant servants and shopkeepers. It is the most accessible hill station in the Punjab, being distant from Rawalpindi only a five hours' journey by tonga dak. Magnificent views are to be obtained in the spring and autumn of the snow crowned mountains of Kashmir; and gorgeous sunset and cloud effects seen daily during the rains [July–August]. Part of the station, especially the Kashmir end, are also well wooded and pretty.
In 1901, the permanent population of the town was 1,844; if summer visitors had been included this could have been as high as 10,000.
In early January 2022, over 20 people died trying to reach the town during a snowstorm.

## Climate

Murree features a monsoon-influenced subtropical highland climate (Cwb) under the Köppen climate classification. It is situated in the outer Himalayas, retaining high altitude. This type of area has cold, snowy winters, relatively cool summers with drastically escalated rain, in relation to lower altitudes, and frequent fog. Precipitation is received year round, with two maxima, the first one during winter and the second one at summer, July–August. Total mean precipitation annually is 1,904 mm (75.0 in). Murree receives around 1,590 mm (63 in) of snow per year according to a 13-year data. Heavy snowfall starts in January and February.
Climate data for Muree :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 23.0 (73.4) | 26.0 (78.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 32.2 (90.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) | 7.5 (45.5) | 11.6 (52.9) | 17.2 (63.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 25.1 (77.2) | 22.4 (72.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 20.9 (69.6) | 18.6 (65.5) | 14.5 (58.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 16.5 (61.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | 8.0 (46.4) | 13.2 (55.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 19.1 (66.4) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.2 (63.0) | 14.3 (57.7) | 10.3 (50.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 12.7 (54.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) | 0.5 (32.9) | 4.3 (39.7) | 9.1 (48.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 15.4 (59.7) | 13.4 (56.1) | 10.1 (50.2) | 6.2 (43.2) | 2.4 (36.3) | 8.8 (47.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.4 (16.9) | −10.6 (12.9) | −7 (19) | −3.3 (26.1) | 0.6 (33.1) | 3.6 (38.5) | 8.9 (48.0) | 10.0 (50.0) | 6.0 (42.8) | 1.1 (34.0) | −3.3 (26.1) | −10.5 (13.1) | −10.6 (12.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 126.5 (4.98) | 145.0 (5.71) | 176.8 (6.96) | 133.0 (5.24) | 91.9 (3.62) | 142.0 (5.59) | 418.3 (16.47) | 336.3 (13.24) | 161.5 (6.36) | 70.2 (2.76) | 32.5 (1.28) | 70.3 (2.77) | 1,904.3 (74.98) |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Administration

Murree, (Urdu: ضِلع مری) is a district of the Rawalpindi Division in the northernmost part of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It has two tehsils, Kotli Sattian and Murree. In March 2022, the Punjab Government upgraded the administrative status of Murree by posting Hassan Waqar Cheema as the first Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC). Its status was updated from tehsil to that of a district in October 2022 after the formal appointment of a Deputy Commissioner in November 2022.
However, the caretaker Punjab Government reversed the status of District in February 2023. The Lahore High Court struck down the move after which the additional charge of the Deputy Commissioner was given to the Rawalpindi Deputy Commissioner.
In September 2023, the Punjab Government posted a Deputy Commissioner in Murree. Agha Zaheer Abbas Sherazi was posted as the second ever Deputy Commissioner on 26 September 2023. The elected government post February 2024 elections decided to stick with the upgraded status of Murree considering its pivotal importance for the tourism industry.
| Sr. | Tehsil | Headquarters | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2017) |
| 1 | Kotli Sattian | Kotli Sattian | 304 | 119,312 |
| 2 | Murree | Murree | 434 | 233,017 |
| Total | Total | | 738 | 352,329 |
Localities and Union Councils of the Murree area:
* Rawalpindi District
* Bhurban
* Dewal Sharif
* Darya Gali
* Gulehra Gali
* Ghora Gali
* Jhika Gali
* Mohra Sharif
* Potha Sharif
* Sehr Bagla
* Patriata
* Karore
* Phagwari
* Numbal
* Aliot, Murree
* Bansara Gali
* Las Kothar
* Uc Ghel
* Bochal Kakrahi
* Mussiyari
* Kohati KakRahi

## Military

For administrative purposes, the military areas of Murree are divided into two separate cantonments, Murree Gali Cantonment and Murree Hills Cantonment. Murree houses the headquarters of the 12th Infantry Division of the Pakistan Army, several educational and training institutions, and a combined military hospital established to serve Murree and adjoining garrisons.
The Pakistan Air Force also maintains a base at Lower Topa, near Patriata, with its own military boarding school for boys, PAF Public School Lower Topa.
During the British Raj, in the hot season Murree was the headquarters of the Lieutenant General of the Northern Command. The Commissioner of the Rawalpindi Division and the Deputy Commissioner of Rawalpindi also resided here during part of the season, for which period an Assistant Commissioner was placed in charge of the subdivision consisting of Murree Tehsil. The site was selected in 1850 almost immediately after the annexation of the province, and building operations commenced at once. In 1851 temporary accommodation was provided for a detachment of troops; and in 1853 permanent barracks were erected. The regular garrison generally consisted of two mountain batteries and one battalion of infantry.

## Notable people
### Current

* Francis Younghusband, explorer
* Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi, former justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and a former justice of Lahore High Court
* Sadia Abbasi, politician
* Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, former Prime Minister of Pakistan
* Zafar Mahmood Abbasi, Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) of the Pakistan
* Parikshit Sahni, Indian actor
* Pushpinder Singh Chopra, aviation expert

### Deceased

* Reginald Dyer (1864–1927), British Army officer
* Gerald Lathbury (1906–1978), British Army officer
* Muhammad Riaz Khan Abbasi (d. 1979), Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
* Khaqan Abbasi (d. 1988), politician
* Harold Hall (1913–2004), cricketer and British civil servant
* Raja Ashfaq Sarwar (1954–2020), politician

## Sister Cities

* Shimla, Himachal Pradesh