# Ministry of Health (Spain)

The Ministry of Health (MISAN) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for proposing and executing the government policy on health, planning and providing healthcare as well as the exercise of the powers of the General State Administration to assure citizens the right to health protection. The Ministry is headquartered in the Paseo del Prado in Madrid, opposite the Prado Museum.
Healthcare in Spain is provided by the National Health System, a decentralized organization composed by the regional health systems and the National Institute of Health Management, the health agency of the central government that provides health care to the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. According to Eurostat (2022 data), Spain spends 9.7% of its GDP on health, approximately $142 billion (€131.1 billion).
According to the Annual Report of the National Health System 2023, the total expenditure of the Spanish health system in 2021 was 132 billion euros (94.7 billion corresponding to the public sector and 37.3 billion to the private sector). This represented 2,789 euros per capita and an expenditure of 10.94% of the Spanish GDP. As of 2022, regarding human resources, the NHS had 868,758 professionals. Of these, 205,366 were medical professionals, 293,600 nursing professionals, and 369,792 were other types of health professionals.
The Minister of Health is the head of the department; he or she is appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. The minister is assisted by four main officials: the Secretary of State for Health, the Secretary-General for Digital Health, Information and Innovation of the National Health System, the Department's Under-Secretary and the Commissioner for Mental Health. The current Health Minister is Mónica García since November 2023.

## History
### Early period

References can be found to the action of Government in public health and welfare in the 19th century. The Royal Decree of 9 November 1832 created a Ministry of Development, which included powers over "the field of health with the infirmaries, water and mineral baths" and "charitable institutions". A further Royal Decree of 10 March 1847, created a Department of Health, one of six that made up what is now the Ministry of the Interior.

### First ministry

State powers in this area remained with this department until 1933, when the Undersecretariat for Health and Charity was transferred to the Ministry of Labour, which then became known as the Ministry of Labour and Health. However, the first ministry focused on health was created on 4 November 1936, as the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, with a woman holding a cabinet portfolio for the first time in the history of Spain: Federica Montseny. This ministry was short-lived. When the Prime Minister of the Republic, Juan Negrín, replaced Francisco Largo Caballero, the ministry was abolished and its powers were transferred to the Ministry of Labour (Social Assistance affairs) and to the Ministry of Public Instruction (Health affairs) by a Decree of May 1937. After the Spanish Civil War, the responsibility returned to the Ministry of the Interior until 1977.

### Democratic period

The Health Ministry was created again in the Constituent Legislature in 1977, integrating responsibilities for Health that were hitherto managed by the Ministry of the Interior, and the powers of the Undersecretariat for Social Security.
Royal Decree 1558 of 4 July 1977 established the ministry in its current form, including responsibility for Social Security. Staffing consisted of two undersecretariats (one for the domestic governance of the Department and other focused on Health), a Technical General Secretariat and six Directorates-General: Staff, Management and Finance; Social Benefits; Social Services; Healthcare; Pharmaceutical Management and Public Health and Veterinary Health.
For a short period between February and November 1981, Health was once again merged with Labour. Royal Decree 2823/1981, restored it to full ministerial rank but this time without social security which remained within the Labour ministry. With this reform the Ministry acquired competencies over Consumers Affairs (through the National Institute for Consumers Affairs). During the first years of the premiership of Felipe González and the National Health System and the National Transplant Organization were created thanks primarily to the impulse of the minister Ernest Lluch.
With the victory of the People's Party in the general election of 1996, José Manuel Romay Beccaría was appointed Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs, a position he held throughout the 6th Legislature. Under his direction was created in 1997, the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices. In the 7th Legislature Celia Villalobos became minister (2000–2002) and achieved notoriety by her handling mad cow disease. She was succeeded by Ana Pastor Julián (2002–2004). The mad cow crisis precipitated the creation in 2011 of the Spanish Food Safety Agency, named since 2007 as Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency.
At the beginning of the 8th legislature Elena Salgado assumed as Health Minister (2004–2007). With her, in 2004 the National Plan on Drugs, belonged to the Ministry of the Interior, was shifted to the Ministry of Health. Eight months before the end of the legislature, the scientific Bernat Soria assumed the office of Health Minister. In the next legislature Soria was confirmed as Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs, and he was succeeded by Trinidad Jiménez in 2009 following a cabinet reshuffle. Under Jiménez Social Policy was returned to the health portfolio, including the Institute for the Elderly and Social Services (IMSERSO), previously under Education.
Under minister Leire Pajín (October 2010-December 2011), responsibilities on Equality issues were added to her duties, previously under a separate ministry of its own, and also assuming the Institute for Women and the Institute for Youth. At the beginning of the 10th legislature Ana Mato became minister and the Ministry assumed (only functionally) the Charles III Health Institute (which still belonged to the Ministry of Economy). In addition, in January 2014 the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition and the National Institute for Consumer Affairs merged giving rise to the new Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition. On 24 November 2014, Mato resigned after being implicated in the corruption case known as Gürtel. On 3 December 2014, Alfonso Alonso succeeded her.
After the 2016 cabinet reshuffle, Dolors Montserrat was appointed Minister of Health and one of his first measures was to raise the rank of the Director of the National Transplant Organization to Director-General in order to strengthen this institution. Barely 1 year later after the assumption of Montserrat, the Güertel case that provoked the resignation of minister Mato also provoked in June 2018 the fall of the Rajoy government through a motion of no-confidence driven by the Leader of the Opposition Pedro Sánchez. After the success of the motion, Sánchez appointed Carmen Montón as Health Minister and the Ministry transferred the competences over equality to the Ministry of the Presidency. Montón also strengthen the consumers affairs competences by recovering the Directorate-General for Consumers Affairs and regained universal healthcare for undocumented immigrants. She resigned after three months in office after a degree scandal and María Luisa Carcedo succeeded her. Carcedo continued with the program established by Montón on fight against pseudosciences and recovering the Observatory of Women's Health.
A major restructuring occurred in 2020. The Department of Health lost all its competences on consumer affairs and social servicies, that were transferred to the ministries of Consumer Affairs and of Social Rights and 2030 Agenda, respectively. However, in exchange, the department assumed the government policies on drugs. During this time, Carcedo was replaced by Salvador Illa, who had to face the COVID-19 pandemic. It was precisely as a result of this pandemic that in August 2020 the department underwent a major reform in its structure, recovering the position of Secretary of State for Health (which already existed between 1979 and 1981) as second-in-command and creating the General Secretariat for Digital Health, Information and Innovation of the National Health System.

## Structure

The Ministry of Health is organised in the following superior bodies:
* The Secretariat of State for Health
** The General Secretariat for Digital Health, Information and Innovation of the National Health System
*** The Directorate-General for Digital Health and Information Systems for the National Health System
** The Directorate-General for Public Health and Health Equity
*** The Coordination Centre for Health Alerts and Emergencies
** The Directorate-General for the Common Catalogue of Services of the National Health System and Pharmacy
** The Directorate-General for Professional Management
** The Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs
* The Undersecretariat of Health
** The Technical General Secretariat
** The Deputy Directorate-General for Human Resources. The Deputy Directorate-General for Economic Management and Budget Office. The Deputy Directorate-General for Citizen Services and Inspectorate-General of Services. The Deputy Directorate-General for Planning and Coordination of European Funds
* The Commissioner for Mental Health
** The Technical Office on the Transition of the Mental Health Model
In addition, the Department has two advisory bodies:
* The Advisory Council for Health and Social Services, as an advisory and assistance body in the formulation of health policy.
* The Committee of the professions of the health and social sector.

### Ministry agencies

* Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices
* Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
* National Transplant Organization
* National Institute of Health Management

## List of officeholders

Office name:
* Ministry of Health and Social Assistance (1936–1937)
* Minister of Health and Social Security (1977–1981)
* Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs (1981–2009)
* Minister of Health and Social Policy (2009–2010)
* Minister of Health, Social Policy and Equality (2010–2011)
* Minister of Health, Social Services and Equality (2011–2018)
* Minister of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare (2018–2020)
* Minister of Health (2020–present)
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Party | Party | Government | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Ref. |
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Duration | Party | Party | Government | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Prime Minister (Tenure) | Ref. |
| | Federica Montseny (1905–1994) | 4 November 1936 | 17 May 1937 | 194 days | | CNT | Largo Caballero II | | Francisco Largo Caballero (1936–1937) | [19] [20] |
| Office disestablished during this interval. |||||||||||
| | Enrique Sánchez de León (born 1934) | 5 July 1977 | 6 April 1979 | 1 year and 275 days | | UCD | Suárez II | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [21] [22] |
| | Juan Rovira Tarazona (1930–1990) | 6 April 1979 | 9 September 1980 | 1 year and 156 days | | UCD | Suárez III | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [23] [24] |
| | Alberto Oliart (1928–2021) | 9 September 1980 | 27 February 1981 | 171 days | | Ind. / UCD | Suárez III | | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) | [25] [26] |
| | Jesús Sancho Rof (born 1940) | 27 February 1981 | 7 March 1981 | 8 days | | UCD | Calvo-Sotelo | | Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982) | [27] [28] |
| Office disestablished during this interval. |||||||||||
| | Manuel Núñez Pérez (born 1933) | 2 December 1981 | 3 December 1982 | 1 year and 1 day | | UCD | Calvo-Sotelo | | Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982) | [29] [30] |
| | Ernest Lluch (1937–2000) | 3 December 1982 | 26 July 1986 | 3 years and 235 days | | PSC–PSOE | González I | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [31] [32] |
| | Julián García Vargas (born 1945) | 26 July 1986 | 7 December 1989 | 4 years and 230 days | | PSOE | González II | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [33] [34] [35] |
| | Julián García Vargas (born 1945) | 7 December 1989 | 13 March 1991 | 4 years and 230 days | | PSOE | González III | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [33] [34] [35] |
| | Julián García Valverde (born 1946) | 13 March 1991 | 13 January 1992 | 306 days | | PSOE | González III | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [36] [37] |
| | José Antonio Griñán (born 1946) | 13 January 1992 | 14 July 1993 | 1 year and 182 days | | PSOE | González III | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [38] [39] |
| | Ángeles Amador (born 1949) | 14 July 1993 | 6 May 1996 | 2 years and 297 days | | Independent | González IV | | Felipe González (1982–1996) | [40] [41] |
| | José Manuel Romay Beccaría (born 1934) | 6 May 1996 | 28 April 2000 | 3 years and 358 days | | PP | Aznar I | | José María Aznar (1996–2004) | [42] [43] |
| | Celia Villalobos (born 1949) | 28 April 2000 | 10 July 2002 | 2 years and 73 days | | PP | Aznar II | | José María Aznar (1996–2004) | [44] [45] |
| | Ana Pastor (born 1957) | 10 July 2002 | 18 April 2004 | 1 year and 283 days | | PP | Aznar II | | José María Aznar (1996–2004) | [46] [47] |
| | Elena Salgado (born 1949) | 18 April 2004 | 9 July 2007 | 3 years and 82 days | | Independent | Zapatero I | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [48] [49] |
| | Bernat Soria (born 1951) | 9 July 2007 | 14 April 2008 | 1 year and 272 days | | Independent | Zapatero I | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [50] [51] [52] |
| | Bernat Soria (born 1951) | 14 April 2008 | 7 April 2009 | 1 year and 272 days | | Independent | Zapatero II | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [50] [51] [52] |
| | Trinidad Jiménez (born 1962) | 7 April 2009 | 21 October 2010 | 1 year and 197 days | | PSOE | Zapatero II | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [53] [54] |
| | Leire Pajín (born 1976) | 21 October 2010 | 22 December 2011 | 1 year and 62 days | | PSOE | Zapatero II | | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) | [55] [56] |
| | Ana Mato (born 1959) | 22 December 2011 | 26 November 2014 | 2 years and 339 days | | PP | Rajoy I | | Mariano Rajoy (2011–2018) | [57] [58] |
| | Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría (ordinary discharge of duties) (born 1971) | 26 November 2014 | 3 December 2014 | 7 days | | PP | Rajoy I | | Mariano Rajoy (2011–2018) | |
| | Alfonso Alonso (born 1967) | 3 December 2014 | 10 August 2016 | 1 year and 251 days | | PP | Rajoy I | | Mariano Rajoy (2011–2018) | [60] [61] |
| | Fátima Báñez (ordinary discharge of duties) (born 1967) | 10 August 2016 | 4 November 2016 | 86 days | | PP | Rajoy I | | Mariano Rajoy (2011–2018) | |
| | Dolors Montserrat (born 1973) | 4 November 2016 | 7 June 2018 | 1 year and 215 days | | PP | Rajoy II | | Mariano Rajoy (2011–2018) | [63] [64] |
| | Carmen Montón (born 1976) | 7 June 2018 | 11 September 2018 | 96 days | | PSOE | Sánchez I | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [65] [66] |
| | María Luisa Carcedo (born 1953) | 11 September 2018 | 13 January 2020 | 1 year and 124 days | | PSOE | Sánchez I | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [67] [68] |
| | Salvador Illa (born 1966) | 13 January 2020 | 27 January 2021 | 1 year and 14 days | | PSC–PSOE | Sánchez II | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [69] [70] |
| | Carolina Darias (born 1965) | 27 January 2021 | 28 March 2023 | 2 years and 60 days | | PSOE | Sánchez II | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [71] [72] |
| | José Miñones (born 1972) | 28 March 2023 | 21 November 2023 | 238 days | | PSOE | Sánchez II | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | [73] [74] |
| | Mónica García (born 1974) | 21 November 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year and 108 days | | MM | Sánchez III | | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) | |