OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States v. Fordice

United States v. Fordice, 505 U.S. 717 (1992), is a United States Supreme Court case that resulted in an eight to one ruling that the eight public universities in Mississippi had not sufficiently integrated and that the state must take affirmative action to change this under the Equal Protection Clause. The Court found that, although the state had eliminated explicit prohibitions on the admission of black students to institutions including the University of Mississippi, Mississippi State University, and the University of Southern Mississippi, the Court of Appeals had not properly reviewed the set of discriminatory policies used by the state to suppress black enrollment at these schools. On this point, the Court stated that "[i]f the State perpetuates policies and practices traceable to its prior system that continue to have segregative effects – whether by influencing student enrollment decisions or by fostering segregation in other facets of the university system – and such policies are without sound educational justification and can be practicably eliminated, the State has not satisfied its burden of proving that it has dismantled its prior system."
Four opinions were filed in the case. In addition to Justice White's majority opinion, Justice O'Connor and Justice Thomas filed concurring opinions. Thomas, in particular, expressed a concern that the strict review of policies that divided students by race should not be used against historically black universities in the state.
Justice Scalia filed a separate opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part, expressing his disagreement with the burden that the Court imposed on universities and his concern that the standards set forth by the Court would create confusion and lead to more litigation.
# Somersal Herbert Hall

Somersal Herbert Hall is a privately owned timber-framed 16th-century country house at Somersal Herbert, near Ashbourne, Derbyshire, in England. It is a Grade I listed building.
The FitzHerbert family came to Somersal in the 13th century when the estate was acquired by Thomas FitzHerbert, second son of Sir William FitzHerbert of Norbury. The present timber-framed house was built by John FitzHerbert on the site of an earlier manor house in 1564. The entrance front at the south and other parts were encased in brick in 1712, when the property was enlarged.
The Somersal line of the FitzHerbert family was extinct on the death of Richard FitzHerbert in 1803. The estate was initially sold in 1806 outside the family but was later repurchased by his cousin Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens, younger brother of Sir William FitzHerbert, Bt of Tissington. He lent it in 1808 for life to cousins of his, the novelist Frances Jacson (1754–1842) and her sister Maria Jacson (1755–1829), a writer on botany and gardening, who were in financial straits caused by a spendthrift brother. In about 1850, Sir Henry FitzHerbert, Bt, enlarged the house by the addition of a north wing for his second son Richard who was in occupation of the house in 1881. His son Anthony emigrated to New Zealand and the estate was sold.
It was modernised and restored in 1899; further restoration work was carried out in 2004.
# The Carlton Crew

The Carlton Crew is a criminal organisation based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, established and formed in 1970 and possibly earlier by the mid 1960s by the first Carlton crew boss Gino Rosace and he named it after the Melbourne suburb in which it is based, Lygon Street, Carlton, commonly called "Little Italy". The organisation was a fierce rival to the Honoured Society and the Calabrese Family, both of which were Calabrian 'Ndrangheta groups also based in Melbourne, and were additionally allies of the mostly Irish Moran family. The Carlton Crew had a strong role in the infamous Melbourne gangland killings.

## History

The Carlton Crew included convicted criminals, Mick Gatto, Alphonse Gangitano, Mario Condello, Ron Bongetti, and Graham Kinniburgh Dave Carlton. Gangitano built a reputation as "The Black Prince of Lygon Street" in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He recruited mainly Italian thugs who installed jukeboxes and vending machines in local bars and nightclubs under the threat of violence, and then reinvested their profits in drug trafficking.
In 1995, Melbourne police suspected Gangitano of two murders: small-time criminal Greg Workman and prostitute Deborah Boundy. Boundy was scheduled to testify in court, but died before the trial from a self-inflicted shot of undiluted heroin believed to have been supplied by Gangitano.
On 15 July 1995, Gangitano engaged in a melee with Jason Moran at a Melbourne nightclub. Prosecutors were still debating charges against him when Gangitano's wife found him dead in the laundry room of their Templestowe home on 16 January 1998; he had been shot several times in the head.
Mick Gatto succeeded Gangitano as the new street boss of the Carlton Crew later in 1998. In February 2002, a Royal Commission investigated Gatto on suspicion of accepting A$250,000 to mediate labour disputes with the Australian Workers' Union. In 2004, Gatto resigned as street boss. Gino, the then Carlton Crew boss, passed away in 2017 and was replaced by his close Consigliere Tony Madafferi in 2019. Tony Madafferi appointed David "The Guts" Smith as the new street boss later in 2019.
On 13 December 2003, Kinniburgh was murdered outside his home in Kew.
Carlton Crew member Mario Condello had a record of convictions for arson, fraud, and drug trafficking. Police also suspected him of multiple murders. In 2005, he was charged with plotting to murder crime boss Carl Williams, who also faced charges of scheming to ambush Condello. A trial for that case was pending when unknown gunmen murdered Condello outside his Brighton home on 6 February 2006. About 700 people attended his funeral, with Mick Gatto serving as a pallbearer.

## Notable members

* 1982-1998 – Alphonse Gangitano Former street boss in Gino's reign – murdered in 1998
* 1980-2004 – Mick Gatto – arrested in 2004, former street boss in Gino's reign 1998-2004 retired
* 1981-2006 – Mario Condello – arrested in 2005, murdered in 2006
* 1980s-2005 - Ron Bongetti - died of natural causes
# Bill Johnson (musical theatre actor)

William Johnson (March 22, 1915 – March 6, 1957) was an American actor and singer of the stage and screen.

## Biography

Born in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, Johnson began his career as a child actor on the stage. He made his Broadway debut at the age of 8 as Gaffe in the 1924 play Shipwrecked. He returned to Broadway in 1926 to portray the Hangman in Rudolf Friml's The Vagabond King. He worked as a vaudeville performer up through the early 1930s. In 1939 he made his film debut in Mr. & Mrs. Jesse Crawford at Home where he sang the songs "The Very Thought of You" and "I Love You Truly". He only appeared in two more films during his career, the roles of Captain Bill Barclay in Keep Your Powder Dry and Buzz Fletcher in It's a Pleasure, both in 1945.
He studied engineering at the University of Maryland.
In 1940, Johnson returned to Broadway after a fourteen-year absence to star in the musical review All in Fun. He was a regular performer on Broadway during the 1940s and 1950s, appearing in such roles as Charlie in Banjo Eyes, Sherman in Yours, A. Lincoln, Staff Sgt. Rocky Fulton in Something for the Boys, Alex Maitland in The Day Before Spring, and Hajj in Kismet, among others. During this time, in 1945, he became a member of The Lambs.
He starred opposite Ethel Merman in 1944, in Something for the Boys. He also starred (as Fred Petruchio) alongside Patricia Morison in the first UK production of Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate, at the London Coliseum in 1951, and on the cast recording of that show. He also appeared in Annie Get Your Gun. His last role on Broadway was in 1955–1956 as Doc in Pipe Dream for which he garnered a Tony Award nomination.
He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 27 June 1951. The programme asks guests to select eight records to have with them on a hypothetical desert island. Johnson's section included one of his own recordings, of "Where is the life that late I led?", from Kiss Me, Kate, in which he was appearing at the time.
Johnson died in Flemington, New Jersey, United States from a heart attack on March 6, 1957, just sixteen days before his 41st birthday. He was survived by his wife, Jet MacDonald, and 3-month-old daughter, Julie.
# Queensland Reds Women

The Queensland Reds Women are an Australian women's rugby union team based in Brisbane, Queensland that compete in the annual Super Rugby Women's competition. A female rugby union competition, is considered to be the female equivalent of the Super Rugby, however only holds Australian teams (until 2022). New Zealand holds a similar competition, the Super Rugby Aupiki.

## History

Founded in 2017, prior to the first Super Rugby Women's season, the team has played in every edition, and has been one of the most competitive in the competition. They have been in five grand finals since the inaugural season, but missed the semi-finals in 2024.
Grant Anderson was named as Head Coach for the 2024 Super Rugby Women's season, and Cecilia Smith has been named as captain for the side.
On 29 August 2024, Andrew Fraser was named as the sides new Head Coach.

## Current squad

On 13 January 2025, the squad for the 2025 Super Rugby Women's season was announced.
Reds Super W squad :
| Props Bree-Anna Browne Sky-Yvette Faimalie Charli Jacoby Eva Karpeni Jiowana Sauto Hookers Tiarna Molloy Zophronia Setu Cristo Taufua Locks Tiarah Minns Deni Ross Vineta Teutau | Loose Forwards Jemma Bemrose (cc) Dillyn Blackburn Zoe Hanna Carola Kreis Isabella Nasser Sarah Riordan Maraea Tupai Scrum-halves Sarah Dougherty Layne Morgan Natalie Wright Fly-halves Carys Dallinger Faythe Manera | Centres Michelle Curry Briana Dascombe Ariana Hira Teagan Levi Shalom Sauaso Melanie Wilks Outside Backs Charlotte Caslick Lori Cramer Piper Flynn Kahli Henwood Maddison Levi Renae Nona Caitlin Urwin Ivania Wong (cc) |
| (cc) Denotes team co-captains, Bold denotes internationally capped, $^{WTS}$ denotes a player in the wider training squad and $^{ST}$ indicated short-term cover. |||

## Season standings

| Season | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Queensland Reds seasons | Top try scorer | Top try scorer | Top point scorer | Top point scorer | Ref. |
| Season | Pos | Finals | P | W | L | D | F | A | PD | BP | Pts | Name | Tries | Name | Points | Ref. |
| 2018 | 2nd | Runners-up | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 147 | 69 | +78 | 2 | 14 | Alysia Lefau-Fakaosilea | 6 | Lavinia Gould | 35 | |
| 2019 | 2nd | Runners-up | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 208 | 36 | +172 | 3 | 15 | Alana Elisaia | 7 | Lori Cramer | 54 | |
| 2020 | 2nd | Runners-up | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 218 | 33 | +185 | 3 | 15 | Courtney Hodder | 5 | Lori Cramer | 38 | |
| 2021 | 2nd | Runners-up | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 109 | 109 | +0 | 2 | 10 | Kauna Lopa | 3 | Lucy Lockhart | 24 | |
| 2022 | 3rd | Semi-final | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 125 | 131 | −6 | 2 | 14 | Ivania Wong | 5 | Ivania Wong | 25 | |
| 2023 | 2nd | Runners-up | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 167 | 77 | +90 | 3 | 20 | 6 players | 3 | Cecilia Smith | 69 | |
| 2024 | 6th | — | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 85 | 136 | −51 | 0 | 4 | Tiarna Molloy | 4 | Lori Cramer | 23 | |
# Henrik Gabriel Porthan

Henrik Gabriel Porthan (8 November 1739 in Viitasaari – 16 March 1804 in Turku) was a professor and rector at the Royal Academy of Turku, Finland. He was a scholar sometimes known as The Father of Finnish History. Porthan's legacy greatly influenced the rise of the national culture and romanticism of the early 19th century.

## Biography

He was born at Viitasaari in Tavastia, Finland. His parents were Sigfrid Porthan and Kristina Juslenius. His father was a vicar who became mentally ill in 1744. He was raised by his uncle Gustaf Juslenius (1702-1774) who was the vicar of Kronoby in the county of Ostrobothnia. In 1754, at the age of 15, Porthan entered the Royal Academy of Turku (now University of Helsinki). He was a student of professor Daniel Juslenius (1676–1752) who later served at Bishop of the Diocese of Borgå.
Porthan was awarded his Master of Philosophy in 1760. In 1762, he became an associate professor. He was a professor 1777–1804 and served as rector 1786–1787 and 1798–1799.
He became a Fennophile and brought Finnish history-writing, study of mythology and folk poetry, and other humanistic sciences to an international level. His De Poësi Fennica (published in five parts 1776-78), a study on Finnish folk poetry, had great importance in awakening public interest in the Kalevala-poetry and Finnish mythology, and the study was also the basis of all later study of the poetry.
He was among the founders of the Aurora Society that advocated Finnish literary pursuits and was the editor of the first Finnish newspaper, Tidningar ugifne af et sällskap i Åbo, founded in 1771. He instructed Kristian Erik Lencqvist (1761–1808) whose 1782 dissertation De superstitione veterum Fennorum theoretica et practica was a seminal study of historic Finnish customs.
Porthan was also the instructor of poet Frans Mikael Franzén (1772–1847) and also inspired the following generation of Finnish authors, poets and researchers, many of whom were among the founders of the Finnish Literature Society in 1831.
The Porthania building of the University of Helsinki is named after Porthan.

## Editions

The main edition of Porthan's works remains Opera selecta. Skrifter i urval, ed. by Sven Gabriel Elmgren and Josef August Schauman, 5 vols (Helsingfors: Finska Litteratur-Sällskapets tryckeri, 1859–73). Scans of the original publications are now available via http://www.doria.fi.
# Terry Mathews

Terry Alan Mathews (October 5, 1964 – February 24, 2012) was an American professional baseball player who pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1991 to 1999. He played for the Texas Rangers, Florida Marlins, Baltimore Orioles, and Kansas City Royals.
Mathews pitched in college at the University of Louisiana at Monroe (formerly Northeast Louisiana University).

## Career

Matthews had a 3.38 earned run average (ERA) in 57 appearances as the Marlins' setup man in 1995. After being replaced in the role by Jay Powell and with a 4.91 ERA in 57 games in 1996, he was acquired by the Orioles from the Marlins on August 21 of that year in a transaction that was completed two days later on August 23 when Gregg Zaun was sent to Florida.

## Personal life

Mathews was married to his wife Emily, and they had three children, two of whom play baseball/softball. He was a school resource officer at his alma mater, Holy Savior Menard Central High School in Alexandria, Louisiana, and had also been a volunteer baseball coach there.
Mathews died from a heart attack on February 24, 2012, at the age of 47.
# United States v. National Treasury Employees Union

United States v. National Treasury Employees Union, 513 U.S. 454 (1995), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Section 501(b) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 violates the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.

## Background

Congress amended the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 with the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Pub. L. 101–194). In section 501(b), Congress prohibited its members, federal officers, and other government employees from "accepting an honorarium for making an appearance, speech, or writing an article."
The National Treasury Employees Union challenged this section as an unconstitutional violation of the First Amendment's freedom of speech protection. The District Court held the honorarium ban unconstitutional and enjoined the government from enforcing it. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the District Court's holding.

## Opinion of the Court

Associate Justice John Paul Stevens authored the majority opinion. Citing the test put forward in Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205, the Court found that the restriction put in place in Section 501(b) of the Act "constitutes a wholesale deterrent to a broad category of expression by a massive number of potential speakers" requiring an even greater burden than that put forward in Pickering.
# Franch Casadei

Franch Casadei (born 9 January 1958) is a Sammarinese judoka. He competed at the 1980, 1984 and the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Lai Shiu Wing

Lai Shiu Wing (Chinese: 黎兆榮; Jyutping: lai$^4$ siu$^6$ wing$^4$, 1917 – 26 July 1988) was a Chinese professional footballer and a member of the Chinese national team. He was the head coach of Hong Kong national team.
He previously played for Hong Kong football clubs Kitchee, Eastern, Sing Tao SC and South China.
# Timothy Reed House

The Timothy Reed House is a historic house at 284 Adams Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. This two-story wood-frame house was built in the 1870s by Timothy Reed, a Boston-based leather merchant. It is the city's finest Stick style house, with bargeboard gable decoration, and alternating sections of horizontal and vertical siding, set off by trim bands. Its gable ends are truncated, the eaves are lined with brackets, and the front porch has a low turned balustrade and posts with large brackets.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# Baabda Palace

Baabda Palace (or Presidential Palace, French: Palais présidentiel de Baabda, Arabic: قصر بعبدا), is the official residence of the President of Lebanon. The palace was built in 1956 on a hill in the mountain town of Baabda overlooking the Lebanese capital, Beirut. The first President to reside in it was President Charles Helou.

## Ministerial meetings

The Baabda palace is surrounded by the Ministry of Defense and various other military posts. It started hosting ministerial meetings every other week after the usual venue of the ministerial meetings was abandoned due to security reasons in mid-2005. Now, the ministerial meetings are held in alternating order at Baabda Palace and the Grand Serail.
During his two years, 1988–1990, as Lebanon’s alternative Prime Minister Michel Aoun took up residence in the Baabda Palace surrounded by those troops from the Lebanese army who had remained loyal to him. The palace was subsequently severely damaged by the military conflicts of these two years. It was restored in the early nineties and President Elias Al Hrawi moved into it from his temporary presidential quarters.
# Warner Bros. International Television Production New Zealand

Warner Bros. International Television Production New Zealand (formerly Touchdown Television, Eyeworks Touchdown) is a New Zealand-based television production company specialising in reality and unscripted formats, which has become a leader in the field in New Zealand, and the world. Its formats include The Chair and Treasure Island, as well as many others.

## History

Touchdown Television was started by producer Julie Christie in 1991, initially producing documentaries, then moving on to some reality shows, including travel and adventure series such as Mountain Dew On The Edge and Travel.co.nz, as well as foreign formats such as Changing Rooms, and Ready Steady Cook.
More recently the company has focused on creating formats for local television as well as formats for international sale. These include Treasure Island and The Chair which have both been produced in a number of countries.
In 2004, Touchdown produced a joint-venture show called The Resort for broadcasters Network Ten (Aus) and TV3 (NZ), allowing voting and featuring contestants from both countries, the show did not rate as well as hoped and was ended early when contestants failed to meet the demands of the competition.
On February 8, 2006, Touchdown was sold to Dutch TV company Eyeworks and has been renamed Eyeworks Touchdown since April 1, 2006.
Eyeworks Touchdown began production of a New Zealand series of Dragons Den in mid-2006 which screened later that year on TV One and is currently casting for a second series.
On February 11, 2014, the Warner Bros. Television Group announced that it will purchase Eyeworks' businesses outside of the United States. The acquisition was completed on June 2 of that year. The acquisition gives Warner Bros. TV production units in 15 additional territories. A few months later, Eyeworks New Zealand was rebranded as Warner Bros. International Television Production New Zealand.

## Programmes

Programmes Touchdown has produced include the following:
* Top of the Class
* At Home on their Own
* DIY Rescue
* Going Straight
* My House My Castle
* Game of Two Halves
* The Resort
* Treasure Island
* Treasure Island Extreme
* Celebrity Treasure Island
* So You Wannabe A Popstar?
* Ready Steady Cook
* Miss Popularity
* City Celebrity Country Nobody
* Matthew and Marc's Rocky Road
* Hot Property
* How Normal Are You?
* The Fence
* The Chair
* Captive
* Common Law
* Garden Wars
* The Sports Hour - All Fired Up
* April's Angels
* Arnotts Dreams Come True
* Bounty Hunter
* Can You Hackett
* Circus
* Coke RTR
* Colonial House
* Coming Home
* DIY Dads
* DIY Fantasies
* Driving School NZ
* Finding J Smith
* Ground Force
* Home on Their Own
* House Dates
* It's Your Money
* Living The Dream
* Mike King
* Money Doctor
* Park Rangers
* Pioneer House
* Profilers
* Property Rescue
* Some Like It Hot
* The GC
* The Mating Game
* The Money Game
* The Player
* This Is your Life
* Trading Places
* Troubleshooters
* Unichem Medlife
* Unsolved
* Weakest Link
* Weddings
* Whose House Is It Anyway?
* World Famous
* You've Gotta Have It
# Withrow v. Williams

Withrow v. Williams, 507 U.S. 680 (1993), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Fifth Amendment Miranda v. Arizona arguments can be raised again in federal habeas corpus proceedings, even if a criminal defendant had a fair chance to argue those claims in state court. The Court rejected the state's argument that Stone v. Powell, a case holding the opposite in the context of Fourth Amendment claims on habeas review, applied in Williams' case.
# Lassaad Abdelli

Lassaad Abdelli (born 18 September 1960) is a former Tunisian international footballer. He is the father of current professional footballer Youssef Abdelli.

## Career statistics
### Club

| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Alemannia Aachen | 1987–88 | 2. Bundesliga | 15 | 0 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 15 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the DFB-Pokal