OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anestis Logothetis

Anestis Logothetis (27 October 1921 – 6 January 1994) was a Greek avant-garde composer, noted both for his musical works and his invention of his own graphic notation system.

## Biography

Logothetis was born in Burgas, Bulgaria, of Greek parents, and moved with his family to Thessaloniki in 1934. After graduating from the German School of Thessaloniki, he left Greece in 1942 in order to study engineering at Vienna Polytechnic Institute. However, his interests soon turned to music, and he began studying composition at the Vienna Academy of Music, graduating with distinction in 1951. He was granted Austrian citizenship in 1952, and married that year.
Logothetis then worked as a private music tutor. He received several scholarships to study composition in Rome, and took part in the Darmstädter Ferienkurse on modern music, where he became influenced by modern composers such as John Cage, Earle Brown, and Bruno Maderna. Initially he wrote a number of works using conventional musical notation and different combinations of instruments and orchestrations. Around 1957, he started developing electronic music in Gottfried Michael Koenig's studio in Cologne, producing his composition Fantasmata in 1960.
By the late 1950s, he also developed his own system of graphic notation incorporating visual symbols, relying on their interpretation and improvisation by performers. It is said that "Logothetis employs this system to different ways of imprinting the contemporary sound on the score in order to express the sense of space in musical notation and redefine the roles of the composer, the performer and the audience, during the composition and performance of a piece."
He produced works for orchestral ensembles as well as electronic and multimedia music, and a series of radio operas. He composed his first computer-based work, Wellenformen, in 1981 in Stockholm. Concerts of his work have taken place throughout Europe, the USA and Asia.
Logothetis died of cancer in Vienna in 1994.
# Esteban Servellón

Esteban Servellón Torres (16 October 1921 – 12 August 2003) was a Salvadoran musician, composer, and pedagogue. He composed, among other works, a Requiem Mass, a sonata for guitar, and several serenades and quartets.

## Early life and career

The son of Pedro Servellón and Lucía Torres, from a young age he played the viola, cello and violin. At age 16, he moved with his mother and siblings to Ciudad Delgado, near the capital of San Salvador. He studied at the Rafael Olmedo National School of Music in that city, and in 1941, joined the Banda de los Supremos Poderes, the State Symphony Orchestra.

## Later life and career

In 1952, Servellón received a government scholarship to study composition and conducting at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome, where he remained for four years. In the same year, he created the ballet Rina. In 1956, he returned to El Salvador where he assumed the position of director of the National Conservatory of Music. By 1960, he was the Assistant Director of the Salvadoran Army Symphony Orchestra (Orquesta Sinfónica del Ejército de El Salvador). Renamed the El Salvador Symphony Orchestra (Orquesta Sinfónica de El Salvador; OSES) in 1960, Servellón went on to become its conductor.
In 1973, he traveled to the United States where he lived for three years. In 1976, he moved to Veracruz, Mexico, where he remained until 1992. In the 1980s, he was professor of musical composition at the Universidad Veracruzana. On his return to El Salvador, he briefly worked as head of the School of Music of the National Arts Centre. His works included Suite de Cuerdas, Suite Retrospectivas, Sonatina para Pequeña Orquesta, Cuarteto de Cuerdas Tres Alotrópicos, Introducción y Rondó para Contrabajo y Cuerdas, and Concertino para contrabajo y orquesta. He also created the symphonic poems Sihuehuet, Faetón, and Zipitín. Servellón died of sudden cardiac arrest in 2003.
# Gwenda Morgan

Gwenda Morgan (1 February 1908 – 9 January 1991) was a British wood engraver. She lived in the town of Petworth in West Sussex.

## Early life

Morgan was born in Petworth, her father having moved there to work at the ironmongers, Austen & Co, of which he later became proprietor. He was the son of a Welsh-born military farrier.

## Education

Following school in Petworth and at Brighton and Hove High School, Morgan, studied at Goldsmiths' College of Art in London from 1926. From 1930 she attended the Grosvenor School of Modern Art in Pimlico where she was taught and strongly influenced by the principal, Iain Macnab. The Grosvenor School was a progressive art school and the championing of wood engraving and linocuts fitted with its democratic approach to the arts.

## Works

Morgan was commissioned to illustrate a number of books published by private presses. For the Samson Press she produced the frontispiece for Duke Hamilton's Wager in 1934 and Pictures and Rhymes in 1936. She illustrated four books for the Golden Cockerel Press, including Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (1946) and Grimms' Other Tales (1956). The main body of her work drew upon the landscape and buildings around Petworth and the neighbouring South Downs. Her work was inspired by that of Macnab, Percy Douglas Bliss and the Sussex-bred Eric Ravilious.
Throughout the Second World War she worked as a Land Girl just outside Petworth. Her record of those years was published by the Whittington Press in 2002 as The Diary of a Land Girl, 1939-1945.
Her prints are held in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum and the British Museum in London, the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, and the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, among others.
In 2015 an exhibition, "A Study in Contrast: Sybil Andrews and Gwenda Morgan", was held at the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, comparing and contrasting the fellow Grosvenor School artists.
Some of her prints are on permanent display in the Leconfield Hall, Petworth, to which Morgan gave a substantial bequest on her death. Wood engravings from the original Morgan blocks are being sold in aid of the Leconfield Hall. Kevis House Gallery in Petworth hold the largest collection of the artist's work.
Three of Morgans engravings are illustrated in the book 'Sussex Landscapes: Chalk, Wood and Water', published for the eponymous exhibition at Pallant House Gallery in 2022/23. The book contains an essay 'Eric Ravilious and Gwenda Morgan. A New Age of Wood Engraving' by Dr. Lydia Miller.

## Affiliations

She was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers & Engravers, an Honorary Member of the Society of Wood Engravers, and a Member of the National Society of Painters, Sculptors and Engravers, and she showed work at their annual exhibitions. She also exhibited at the Royal Academy and at the Redfern Gallery.
# Rangrim Mountains

The Rangnim Mountains are a mountain range stretching from north to south, west of the Kaema Highlands, in central North Korea. They are the source of several major rivers of North Korea, such as the Taedong and the Ch'ŏngch'ŏn. The mountain range is generally highest in the east, and falls towards the west. Its highest peak is Wagalbong, at 2,260 m. Lake Rangrim is located in the mountains.

## Naming

The variants Rangnim and Nangnim are pronunciations of the same name in Northern and Southern dialects of Korean, respectively. These differences are reflected in spelling in the standard forms of Korea used in North Korea and South Korea. 41°18′22″N 127°40′38″E﻿ / ﻿41.3061°N 127.6772°E﻿ / 41.3061; 127.6772
* This North Korea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid

4-Mercaptobenzoic acid (p-mercaptobenzoic acid, p-MBA) is an organosulfur compound with the formula para-C$_6$H$_4$(−SH)(−COOH). It is used as a ligand in thiolate-protected gold cluster compounds, such as Au$_{102}$(p-MBA)$_{44}$.
# Andrew Lam

Andrew Lam (born 1964) is a Vietnamese American author and journalist who has written about the Overseas Vietnamese experience.

## Biography

Andrew Lam was born Lâm Quang Dũng in 1964 in South Vietnam. He was the son of General Lâm Quang Thi of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He attended Lycée Yersin in Đà Lạt.
Lam left Vietnam with his family during the fall of Saigon in April 1975. He attended the University of California, Berkeley, where he majored in biochemistry. He soon abandoned plans for medical school and entered a creative writing program at San Francisco State University. While still in school he began writing for Pacific News Service and in 1993 won the Outstanding Young Journalist Award from the Society of Professional Journalists.
A PBS documentary produced by WETA in 2004, My Journey Home, told 3 stories of Americans returning to their ancestral homelands, including of Lam's return to Vietnam.
He is currently the web editor of New America Media. He is also a journalist and short story writer. In 2005, he published a collection of essays, Perfume Dreams, about the problem of identity as a Vietnamese living in the U.S. Lam received the PEN/Beyond Margins Award in 2006 for Perfume Dreams: Reflections on the Vietnamese Diaspora. He is a regular contributor to National Public Radio's All Things Considered. His second book, East Eats West: Writing in Two Hemispheres is a meditation on east–west relations, and how Asian immigration changed the West. It was named Top Ten Indies by Shelf Unbound Magazine in 2010.
Birds of Paradise Lost, his third book, is a collection of short stories about Vietnamese newcomers struggling to remake their lives in the San Francisco Bay after a long, painful exodus from Vietnam.
Lam blogs regularly on Huffington Post.
He was a John S. Knight Journalism Fellow at Stanford University 2001–2002.
Though reticent about speaking about his sexuality, in 2009 Lam gave an interview for a collection of portraits of homosexual Americans.

## Publications

Books
* "Perfume Dreams: Reflections on the Vietnamese Diaspora", (Heyday Books, 2005)
* "East Eats West: Writing in Two Hemispheres," (Heyday Books, 2010)
* "Birds of Paradise Lost," (Red Hen Press, 2013)
* "Stories from the Edge of the Sea," (Red Hen Press, 2025)
Essays
* "Letter to a Vietnamese cousin: Should you come to America?", December 22, 2002
* "Andrew Lam's essays on New America Media"
* "Andrew Lam's essays on Huffington Post"
Fiction
* "Slingshot" in Zyzzyva, winter 1998, available online
Short Stories "Show and Tell"
* "Letter to a young refugee from another", April 6, 1999

## Quotes

* "Art is the lesser sister to medicine. It aims to heal."
# Kalmorz

Kalmorz (Persian: کلمرز, also Romanized as Kalmorz) is a village in Mehruiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Faryab County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 161, in 31 families.
# Magic Circle Music

Magic Circle Music is a heavy metal record label founded by Manowar bassist Joey DeMaio in 2005 named after Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. The purpose of the label is to give the band (Manowar) creative control. Furthermore, it is stated on their website that they (Manowar) saw many other bands "fall to the perils of greed and commercialization in the music industry". To put an end to this practice, DeMaio founded Magic Circle Music through which he felt he could help other developing artists avoid these traps.
Apart from releasing band merchandise, the label is also responsible for organizing the Magic Circle Festival, which first took place in 2007 in Bad Arolsen, Germany.
In 2008, there was a legal dispute between Rhapsody of Fire and Magic Circle Music. The band returned to Nuclear Blast afterwards.

## Roster

* Bludgeon
* David Shankle Group
* Feinstein
* Guardians of the Flame
* Jack Starr's Burning Starr
* Luca Turilli
* Luca Turilli's Dreamquest
* Majesty
* Manowar
* Rhapsody of Fire
# SSB (militia)

The SSB Civil Force (short for Sool, Sanaag, Buhoodle) (Somali: Ciidamada Madaniga SSB) is a paramilitary clan militia that operates in the Sool, Sanaag and Togdheer regions of Somaliland. The militia was formed by and is affiliated with the Habr Je'lo clan, part of the wider Isaaq clan-family.
The SSB was formed on October 2023 in Qorilugud, Togdheer region, and was formed as a regional security force, prompted by clashes between Somaliland forces and SSC-Khatumo fighters, drawing members from local Habr Je'lo clan militias in Sanaag and Togdheer regions. The SSB's main mandate is to defend and secure Habr Je'lo tribal territory. The militia has been involved in counterinsurgency operations against SSC-Khatumo forces.
On March 1, Somaliland officially integrated the first battalion of the SSB clan militia into its armed forces following days of negotiations in the Sanaag region, integrating two more on March 4. However, tensions have emerged over the Somaliland government's plan to integrate local clan militias, particularly the SSB as well as the G36 militia, into the national security forces, with many locals complaining they would lose their ability to act autonomously in local security matters and marginalization within the central command.

## Battles

The SSB has been involved in numerous clashes with SSC-Khatumo, including heavy clashes on 30 November 2023, including the use of heavy artillery, leaving at least 30 deaths as well as an unknown number of wounded.
On October 31, 2024, heavy fighting erupted between SSB and SSC-Khaatumo fighters in the areas between Qorilugud and Buhoodle, near the village of Galgal. The confrontation resulted in significant casualties on both sides. Somaliland's Ministry of Internal Affairs reported that SSC-Khaatumo forces attacked residents of Qorilugud, prompting a defensive response from Somaliland's national army and allied local militias. The ministry claimed that the attackers suffered heavy losses during the confrontation, with the total confirmed death toll surpassing 25.
The following days, November 1–2, SSC-Khaatumo forces attempted a second assault on the town of Shangeed, situated between Qorilugud and Buhoodle, but were reportedly repelled by SSB and Somaliland forces.
Somaliland forces, backed by SSB civil militias, mounted a counteroffensive during the Battle of Erigavo on December 15, 2024, pushing SSC-Khatumo fighters out of the city, with SSC-Khatumo fighters fully withdrawing by the next day.
On January 30, SSB millitias clashed with SSC-Khatumo fighters in the Shangeed area, claiming to have captured SSC-Khatumo fighters and seized vehicles during the skirmish, showcasing their captives as evidence of their success in the confrontation.
On March 7, heavy clashes broke out between SSB civil militias, backed by Somaliland forces and SSC-Khatumo fighters near Buqdharkayn and Yeyle, with initial reports indicating the clashes began between SSC-Khatumo forces and SSB militias before Somaliland's military later intervened in support of SSB forces.
# Onon (river)

The Onon is a river in Mongolia and Russia. It is 1,032 kilometres (641 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 96,200 square kilometres (37,100 sq mi).

## Course

It originates at the eastern slope of the Khentii Mountains. For 298 km it flows within Mongolia, before entering the Khentei-Daur Highlands region of the Russian Far East flowing along the Stanovik Range. In its lower reaches it flows between the Mogoytuy (Могойтуйский хребет) and the Borshchovochny (Борщовочный хребет) mountain ranges. It joins with the Ingoda to form the Shilka. Its river valley forms the eastern limit of the Khentei-Daur Highlands. Its main tributaries are the Khurkhyn Gol, Borzya and Unda from the right, and the Agutsa, Kyra and Aga from the left.
The Onon—Shilka—Amur water system is one of the world's ten longest rivers, measuring 1,032 km + 560 km + 2,874 km.

## In history

The upper Onon is one of the areas that are claimed to be the place where Genghis Khan was born and grew up. The seat of Genghis Khan was on the bank of river Onon.
The Secret History of the Mongols begins thus:
   "There came into the world a "Borte Chono" (blue-gray wolf) whose destiny was Heaven's will. His wife was a "Gua Maral" (beautiful fallow doe). They traveled across the inland sea and when they were camped near the source of the Onon River in sight of Burkhan Khaldun, their first son was born, named Bat Tsagaan."
# Oscar Straus (composer)

Oscar Nathan Straus (6 March 1870 – 11 January 1954) was a Viennese composer of operettas, film scores, and songs. He also wrote about 500 cabaret songs, chamber music, and orchestral and choral works. His original name was actually Strauss, but for professional purposes he deliberately omitted the final 's'. He wished not to be associated with the musical Strauss family of Vienna. However, he did follow the advice of Johann Strauss II in 1898 about abandoning the prospective lure of writing waltzes for the more lucrative business of writing for the theatre.
The son of a Jewish family, he studied music in Berlin under Max Bruch, and became an orchestral conductor, working at the Überbrettl cabaret. He went back to Vienna and began writing operettas, becoming a serious rival to Franz Lehár. When Lehár's popular The Merry Widow premiered in 1905, Straus was said to have remarked "Das kann ich auch!" (I can also do that!). In 1939, after the Anschluss, he fled to Paris, where he received the honour of a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur. In 1940 he fled via Portugal to the United States, where he settled in Hollywood. After the war he returned to Europe, and settled at Bad Ischl, where he died. His grave is in the Bad Ischl Friedhof.
Straus' best-known works are Ein Walzertraum (A Waltz Dream), and The Chocolate Soldier (Der tapfere Soldat). The waltz arrangement from the former is probably his most enduring orchestral work. Among his most famous works is the theme from the 1950 film La Ronde.

## Works
### Operettas

* Die lustigen Nibelungen (The Merry Nibelungs) – 1904
* Zur indischen Witwe – 1905
* Hugdietrichs Brautfahrt (Hugdietrich's Honeymoon) – 1906
* Ein Walzertraum (A Waltz Dream) – 1907
* Der tapfere Soldat (The Gallant Soldier, The Chocolate Soldier) – 1908
* Didi – 1908
* Das Tal der Liebe – 1909
* Mein junger Herr (My Son John) – 1910
* Die kleine Freundin (My Little Friend) – 1911
* Der tapfere Cassian (The Brave Cassian) – 1912
* The Dancing Viennese – 1912
* Love and Laughter – 1913
* Rund um die Liebe – 1914
* Liebeszauber – 1916
* Eine Ballnacht – 1918
* Der letzte Walzer (The Last Waltz) – 1920
* Die Perlen der Cleopatra – 1923
* Die Teresina – 1925
* Die Königin – 1926
* Marietta – [1927 in French, 1928 in German]
* Eine Frau, die weiß, was sie will – 1932
* Drei Walzer (Three Waltzes) – 1935
* Die Musik kommt – 1948
* Ihr erster Walzer (revised version, Die Musik kommt) – 1950
* Bozena – 1952

### Ballets

* Colombine – 1904
* Die Prinzessin von Tragant – 1912

### Orchestral music

* Piano Concerto in B Minor – 1893
* Serenade for String Orchestra in G Minor, Op. 35 – 1905

### Film scores

* A Lady's Morals – 1930
* Danube Love Song – 1931 (never released due to backlash against musicals)
* The Smiling Lieutenant – 1931
* The Southerner – 1932
* One Hour with You – 1932
* The Gentleman from Maxim's – 1933
* Frühlingsstimmen – 1934
* Land Without Music – 1935
* Make a Wish – 1935
* Sarajevo – 1940
* La Ronde – 1950
# Justinian Tamusuza

Justinian Tamusuza (born 1951) is a Ugandan composer of contemporary classical music.
His music combines elements of traditional Ugandan music and Western music. He is best known for his first string quartet, which was included by the Kronos Quartet on their 1992 CD Pieces of Africa, which contains music by seven African composers. His music has also been performed by the Imani Winds.
Tamusuza was born in Kibisi. His early training was in Baganda traditional music. His early instructors included the Reverend Anthony Okelo and Kevin Volans at Queen's University Belfast in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He received his doctorate in composition at Northwestern University, where he studied with Alan Stout.
He has taught at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, as well as at Northwestern University.
His music is published by International Opus.
# Emil Thoroddsen

Emil Thoroddsen (16 June 1898 – 7 July 1944) was an Icelandic composer, pianist, playwright, critic and translator. He was the chief art critic of "Morgunblaðið" newspaper from 1926–1933 and worked for the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service since its establishment in 1930. Among his most widely known songs are „Íslands Hrafnistumenn“ and „Hver á sér fegra föðurland“ which was premiered at the Festival of the Republic in 1944, shortly before he far too prematurely died from pneumonia.
In his youth, Emil practiced sports among young men from his neighborhood and was involved in the creation of the football club Víkingur Reykjavik at the age of twelve, hosting the club's inaugural meeting and initially taking the role of club secretary. He later produced coverage about the club's operations and achievements.
# Osmington Mills

Osmington Mills is a coastal hamlet in the English county of Dorset. It lies within the civil parish of Osmington 5 miles (8.0 km) northeast of Weymouth.

## Geology

The coastline around Osmington Mills is part of Dorset's Jurassic Coast, and fossils can be found in the cliffs. The rocks consist of Kimmeridge Clay and the Corallian group from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) and have an interesting trace fossil assemblage. To the west are Black Head and beyond that Redcliff Point, with fossils in the Upper Oxford Clay.

## Tourism

Osmington Mills is popular with tourists, providing facilities such as camping and caravan sites, a public house (of which the site has been traced back to the 13th century), and attractive coastal walks.

## John Constable

The area around Osmington Mills and Osmington Bay was painted by the English landscape artist John Constable in the early 19th century. He spent his honeymoon in the area in 1816. Paintings include:
* Osmington Bay
* A View of Osmington Bay
* Weymouth Bay from the Downs above Osmington Mills
* Weymouth Bay: Bowleaze Cove and Jordon Hill
# Arabella Rankin

Arabella Louisa Rankin (1871 – 1943) was a Scottish painter and colour woodcut artist.

## Biography

Rankin was born at Muthill in Perthshire.
Rankin contributed a story, "Kaitrin's Collection", to the 1893 Summer Number of the Dundee Weekly News. In 1896, Rankin also won first prize in a contest for artful embroidered book covers, run by Studio International magazine, with her Podley. She also won first prize in a contest run by the same magazine in 1902, for a color illustration titled Sir Espérance. In 1899, her watercolour titled "A Swimming Match" was exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh.
Beyond these very early efforts, Rankin worked primarily with colour woodcuts. Early examples of her prints, such as The Striped Rocks (1920) or Sligneach, Iona (1921), show her using Japanese wood block techniques. Later landscape works, such as Martyr's Bay, Iona and Iona, from 1924 and 1927 respectively, use a more conventional approach.
After a spell in Edinburgh, Rankin worked in London for a time. She returned to Scotland in 1913 and lived at Abbotsbrae in Crieff before returning to London in 1922. She lived in Kensington for the rest of her life. Rankin was a member of the Colour Woodcut Society and from 1924 to 1935 exhibited regularly with the Society of Graver Painters in Colour. During her career she had some twenty-four pieces shown at the Royal Scottish Academy and also exhibited with the Society of Women Artists, and the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts.
Both the Victoria and Albert Museum and the British Museum hold examples of her prints.