OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Woodcock (mayor)

Sir John Woodcock (sometimes Wodcock or Wodecok; died 1409) was an English merchant and politician. He held several offices over the course of his life, including Lord Mayor of London, and exercised considerable influence during the reigns of both Richard II and Henry IV. One of the richest Londoners of his time, he lent large sums to both those rulers.
Woodcock was a native of Doncaster in Yorkshire, but he relocated to London sometime prior to 1382, when he (along with Richard Whittington) was called to value pearls before the Lord Mayor's court. He became a common councillor of Cripplegate Ward in 1388, and Auditor of London in 1390. In 1397 he became an alderman, first of Coleman Street Ward (until 1402) and then of Cripplegate Ward. He was one of the Sheriffs of the City of London during Richard Whittington's second mayoral term, alongside William Askham. He was elected mayor himself in 1405, following Sir John Hende, after a single term in Parliament (the so-called "Unlearned Parliament" of 1404). During his term as mayor, he ordered the destruction of all the weirs on the Thames below Staines, owing to the threat they posed to navigation. At the close of his term, he instituted the practice that the outgoing mayor, along with the aldermen and "as many as possible of the wealthier and more substantial commoners of the city", should attend a Mass with music at the guildhall; this marked the first recorded inclusion of music in London mayoral elections, and was given credit by contemporaries for the filling of the office without dispute.
Woodcock built a sizeable fortune supplying the households of several powerful patrons, most notably King Richard II, but also including the king's nephew Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, his uncle John of Gaunt, and the Earl of Derby (the future King Henry IV). His attachment to Derby led to his entanglement in the Lords Appellant affair, for which he was later pardoned by Richard II. He was one of the leading citizens of London sent to meet with the king during his conflict with the City in 1392, after which the king revoked the city's liberties and appointed new leadership. His long relationship with the Earl of Derby proved advantageous when the latter seized the throne as King Henry IV. The new king gave significant preference to Woodcock, including paying debts owed him by the former king and others (including Thomas Mowbray, executed in 1405).
Woodcock married Felicity Austyn, daughter of another mercer, Thomas Austyn. They had four children, two sons and two daughters. He died in 1409, leaving a sizeable fortune to his wife and children, and was buried at St Alban, Wood Street. A gentry family of Lancashire claimed, in the Visitation of 1683, to be descended from him.
# Enrique Figueroa

Enrique Figueroa Suárez (born February 25, 1964), also known as "Quique Figueroa", is a Puerto Rican sailor. Figueroa is the only sailor of Puerto Rico to win four gold medals in the Central American-Caribbean Games. He has also competed at five Olympic Games, from 1988 to 2004 and in 2020. In 1999, Figueroa and his wife Carla Malatrasi won a gold medal in sailing in the Pan Am Hobie competition celebrated in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. On March 3, 2003 the Senate of Puerto Rico honored Enrique Figueroa and his wife Carla Malatrasi by recognizing their achievements.

## Early years

He was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where he was raised and where he went to school receiving his primary and secondary education. He first became interested and participated in sailing when he was ten years old. In 1980, when he was sixteen, he participated in his first competition, the 3rd "Hobie 16 worlds" celebrated in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands where he came in 3rd place. The following year (1981), he participated in the 6th Hobie Fourteen Worlds in Fortaleza, Brazil where he came first.
In 1984, Figueroa was in the 7th Hobie 14 Worlds celebrated in Puerto Azul, Philippines and came 3rd; in the same year, he enrolled the Universidad del Sagrado Corazon (Sacred Heart University) in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where he majored in Business Marketing.

## Competitions

Among the other competitions in which Figueroa has participated are:
* In 1985, Hobie 14 Worlds in Isla Verde, Puerto Rico where he won 1st place and
* In 1986, 6th Hobie 16 Worlds in Suva, Fiji where he took 2nd place.
In 1994, Figueroa won the IYRU World Sailing Championship title. He met and married Carla Malatrasi, a sportswoman from Puerto Rico who also loves sailing. In 1999, Figueroa and his wife Malatrasi won a gold medal in sailing in the Pan Am Hobie competition celebrated in Winnipeg, Canada. Figueroa competed in the 2000 Olympic Games held in Sydney, Australia without his wife. She stayed behind to give birth to the first of their two daughters, Isabella Victoria. In 2002, Figueroa and his wife came in 3rd place in the Hobie Racing-ISAF Sailing Games H-16 which took place in Marseille, France in which they went against 36 teams representing 20 nations.
On February 2, 2004, Figueroa and teammate Jorge Hernández, won the Olympic Games Rolex Regatta; they were named champions by beating twenty-nine entries in the tornado fleet. The regatta winners had their sights set on the 2004 Olympics and Partalympic Games in Athens, Greece. 503 sailors participated with a fleet of 323 boats representing 39 nations. Figueroa went to the 2004 Olympic Games and represented Puerto Rico at the Olympics for the fourth time.

## Honors and recognitions

On March 3, 2003 the Senate of Puerto Rico honored Enrique Figueroa and his wife Carla Malatrasi by recognizing their achievements. Figueroa has been named "Puerto Rican National Sportsman of the Year" in sailing for 10 consecutive years.
# Sascha Lobo

Sascha Lobo (born 11 May 1975 in Berlin) is a German blogger, writer, journalist, Audiobook-narrator and copywriter. Lobo's work is primarily concerned with the Internet and with the social effects of new technology.

## Career

In 2000, Lobo founded a short-lived advertising agency, and in the following years worked in advertising while also writing for the magazine Blond. In 2005 he co-founded the blog Riesenmaschine. The following year his book Wir nennen es Arbeit (engl. "We call it work", co-written with Holm Friebe) was published.
In 2007 Lobo co-founded adical (later renamed adnation), a blog-focussed marketing agency.
His first novel Strohfeuer was published in September 2010.

## Books

* Holm Friebe, Sascha Lobo: Wir nennen es Arbeit – die digitale Bohème oder: intelligentes Leben jenseits der Festanstellung. Heyne, München 2006. ISBN 978-3-453-60056-0
* Kathrin Passig, Holm Friebe, Aleks Scholz, Sascha Lobo (Hrsg.): Riesenmaschine – das Beste aus dem brandneuen Universum. Heyne, München 2007. ISBN 978-3-453-61001-9
* Kathrin Passig, Sascha Lobo: Dinge geregelt kriegen – ohne einen Funken Selbstdisziplin. Rowohlt, Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-87134-619-4
* Sascha Lobo: Strohfeuer Rowohlt, Berlin 2010. ISBN 978-3-87134-678-1
* Sascha Lobo: Realitätsschock Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2019. ISBN 978-3-46205-322-7
* Sascha Lobo: Realitätsschock: Zehn Lehren aus der Gegenwart + neu: Der Corona-Schock. KiWi-Taschenbuch, Köln 2020. ISBN 978-3462000436
* Sascha Lobo: Die große Vertrauenskrise: Ein Bewältigungskompass, publisher: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2023

## Audiobooks

* 2019: Realitätsschock: Zehn Lehren aus der Gegenwart (abridged, read by Sascha Lobo), Random House Audio, ISBN 978-3837149111
* 2019: Realitätsschock: Zehn Lehren aus der Gegenwart (Audiobook-download, unabridged, read by Sascha Lobo), Random House Audio, ISBN 978-3-8371-4913-5
* 2023: Die große Vertrauenskrise: Ein Bewältigungskompass (Audiobook-download, unabridged, read by Sascha Lobo), publisher: Argon Verlag
# Clement Throckmorton (died 1573)

Clement Throckmorton (c. 1512 – 1573) was an English landowner and Member of Parliament in the middle years of the 16th century.
A member of a distinguished Warwickshire family, son of Sir George Throckmorton and his wife Katherine Vaux (daughter of Nicholas Vaux and Elizabeth FitzHugh) and the brother of the influential diplomat Sir Nicholas Throckmorton and Robert Throckmorton and cousin of Henry VIII's last Queen, Katherine Parr, Throckmorton sat in nine Parliaments between 1542 and 1572, representing Warwick four times and Warwickshire twice as well as three other scattered boroughs (Devizes, Sudbury and West Looe). He also had a successful military record, and was appointed Constable of Kenilworth Castle in 1553, a post he held until his death. He acquired the estate of Haseley in Warwickshire in 1554 from his uncle, who had himself acquired it from the Crown after the attainder of its previous owner, the Duke of Northumberland. He also enhanced his fortune through successful trading, and was a founder member of the Muscovy Company.
Clement in his youth served as cupbearer to his first cousin Queen Katherine Parr. He was in her household from at least 1544 until her death in 1548.
Throckmorton was a reliable but moderate Protestant, although one of his brothers remained a Catholic, which cast a shadow of doubt over Clement's allegiances, and he himself was loyal to Queen Mary while she was on the throne. However, his son, Job, was later one of the most active lay supporters of the Puritan opposition, and was deeply involved in the publication of the Marprelate Tracts. He married Katherine Neville, daughter of Sir Edward Neville of Addington and Eleanor Windsor, daughter of Sir Andrew Windsor, 1st Baron Windsor.
# Dhanial

Dhanyal (Punjabi: دھنیال, romanized: Dhanyāl) is a Punjabi tribe and surname originating in the Pothohar Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan.
# Andrew N. J. McKenzie

Andrew Neil James McKenzie is a British molecular biologist who is a group leader in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB).

## Education

McKenzie was educated at the University of London where he was awarded a PhD for research on the immune response of the bluebottle fly (Calliphora vomitoria), covering both humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

## Research and career

McKenzie's research investigates how the innate immune system and adaptive immune system protect the body from infection, but can also lead to inflammation and pathology. He has defined and characterised how biological networks orchestrate responses to pathogens and how dysregulation of these biological pathways can lead to diseases such as asthma and allergy.
His identification of the cytokine Interleukin 13 and the subsequent unearthing of its central role in allergic asthma led to his discovery of type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). These cells secrete large quantities of cytokines and represent a new druggable biological target for intervention in inflammation and infection.

### Awards and honours

McKenzie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2017 and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2011.
# Craig Stanley (footballer)

Craig Stanley (born 3 March 1983) is an English footballer who plays as centre-back for Downton.

## Career

Stanley began his career with Walsall. He was a key member of the Hereford side that clinched promotion to the Football League after play-off victories over the Shrimps and Halifax Town in the 2005–06 season.
Stanley signed for Morecambe in 2006 and won another consecutive promotion to the Football league. After several successful seasons, he left Morecambe in 2011, as he fell out with manager Sammy McIlroy.
Stanley captained the England National XI to a 4–1 victory over the Netherlands on 29 November 2006, winning the European Challenge Trophy.
On 31 January 2011, Stanley signed a one-month loan deal for Torquay United. After an impressive stint with Torquay, the loan was extended until the end of the season.
He became Bristol Rovers' third signing of their recent push for promotion back into League One, Stanley signed on 7 June 2011.
He has been announced as the captain of Aldershot Town for the 2013–2014 season. He left the club at the end of the season after failing to agree a new contract. On 15 June 2018 Stanley signed for Lancaster City. Following the resignation of Lancaster manager Phil Brown on 10 September 2018, the club appointed Craig Stanley as caretaker manager together with Matthew Blinkhorn. After a six-game spell in charge Stanley lost out on the job on a permanent basis and on 8 January 2019, Stanley joined Kettering Town. Six months later, he joined Clitheroe.
In September 2019, Stanley joined Nuneaton Borough. On 3 November 2019 the club confirmed, that Stanley had left the club again because the traveling time from his home to the club, was too long.
In November 2021, Stanley joined Wessex League Premier Division club Hythe & Dibden, helping to captain the side to survival with a 3–0 victory over Cowes Sports which saw the side reprieved from relegation.
In March 2023, after quitting managerial duties at Blackfield & Langley, he returned to former club Hythe & Dibden as a player.
In August 2023, he joined Brockenhurst as a player-coach. In September 2023, he joined Bashley, again as a player-coach.
In July 2024, Stanley signed for Wessex League Premier Division side Bournemouth FC. In November 2025, he joined league rivals Downton.

## Coaching career

In June 2022, Stanley was appointed manager of Wessex League Division One club Totton & Eling. Stanley resigned from his role on 3 August without having managed a competitive fixture. In November 2022, he took over as manager of Blackfield & Langley and was also registered as a player. On 1 March 2023, he resigned from his role as manager.

## Personal life

Stanley has type 1 diabetes. He is also widely known for never ever buying a round of beers.

## Honours

* Football Conference Play-Off Winner 2006, 2007
# H share

H shares (Chinese: H股) refer to the shares of companies incorporated in mainland China that are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Many companies float their shares simultaneously on the Hong Kong market and one of the two mainland Chinese stock exchanges in Shanghai or Shenzhen, they are known as A+H companies.
H shares are also held by a nominee service company "HKSCC Nominees Limited" (HKSCC for Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company), which was owned by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing.
Price discrepancies between the H shares and the A share counterparts of the same company are not uncommon. A shares generally trade at a premium to H shares as the People's Republic of China government restricts mainland Chinese people from investing abroad and foreigners from investing in the A-share markets in mainland China.
Tsingtao Brewery was the first enterprise to offer H-shares when it became the first Chinese firm listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in June 1993.$^{:48}$

## Index for H shares

The index for H shares was called Hang Seng China Enterprises Index. (Chinese: 恒生中國企業指數).
# Scott King (artist)

Scott King (born 1969) is a graphic designer and visual artist. Past experiences include Art Director of i-D and Creative Director of Sleazenation magazines, for which he was awarded 'Best Cover' and 'Best Designed Feature of the Year' prizes. King occasionally produces work under the banner 'CRASH!' with writer and historian Matt Worley.
King's work has been exhibited widely in European and American galleries, including the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, Kunst-Werke in Berlin, Portikus in Frankfurt, White Columns in New York, Kunstverein Munich and the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
# Antonio Esposito (judoka)

Antonio Esposito (born 18 November 1994) is an Italian judoka.
Esposito is a bronze medalist from the 2018 European Judo Championships in the ‍–‍81 kg category.
# Jougs

The jougs, juggs, or joggs (Old French: joug, from Latin iugum, a yoke) is a metal collar formerly used as an instrument of punishment in Scotland, the Netherlands and other countries. When the soldiers of Oliver Cromwell's army occupied Scotland, they were horrified at the church using such a punishment, and many were removed from church walls and destroyed.

## Purpose

The jougs was an iron collar fastened by a short chain to a wall, often of the parish church, or to a tree or mercat cross. The collar was placed around the offender's neck and fastened by a padlock. Time spent in the jougs was intended to shame an offender publicly. Jougs were used for ecclesiastical as well as civil offences. Some surviving examples can still be seen in their original locations in Scottish towns and villages. Jougs may be the origin of the later slang word "jug", meaning prison.

## Examples

Sir Walter Scott rescued the jougs from Threave Castle in Kirkcudbrightshire and attached them to the castellated gateway he built at Abbotsford House.
In Stewarton, East Ayrshire, the jougs were attached to the old bridge that crossed the burn and connected to the drive that ran up to Corsehill House.
The Sanquhar Tolbooth Museum in the Nith valley has jougs attached to the wall just outside the entrance to the old gaol.
The jougs at Sorn Kirk were stolen in the 1930s, but located and returned. Cuthbertson refers to the jougs as "symbols of the session's power against gossips and evil-doers".
The jougs at Kilallan Kirk near Kilmacolm were stolen and by chance retrieved and donated to the local museum. A story is told of a lady of short stature who was placed in the jougs; however, she fell off the box and was strangled, as the chain was too short for her.
The jougs on the Isle of Cumbrae survive, attached to a gatepost at the entrance to the Millport Old Cemetery.
The "Clachan Oak" is an ancient sessile oak near Balfron in Stirlingshire. It can still be seen bearing metal bands around its trunk to which jougs were once attached for the restraint and humiliation of petty criminals.
Mr. Carse of the Shawhill Estate protected a fine old thorn tree that grew at the Hurlford Bridge end by attaching a pair of jougs to it, made by David Brown the local blacksmith. These were never used, but acted as a deterrent to local children who might have harmed the tree.

## Gallery

* Jougs at Oxnam Parish Kirk, Scottish Borders
* Jougs on the perimeter wall of Duddingston Kirk, near Edinburgh
* Jougs at Stobo Kirk, Scottish Borders
* Jougs attached to the tolbooth at Kilmaurs, Ayrshire
* Jougs at Eckford Parish Kirk, Scottish Borders
* Jougs at the entrance to the parish kirk in Abernethy, Perthshire
* Jougs of South Leith Parish Church
* Jougs attached to Kirkcudbright Tolbooth, Kirkcudbrightshire
# Nieuw-Lekkerland

Nieuw-Lekkerland (Dutch pronunciation: ) is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It is situated on the southern shores of the Lek River, in the north-west of the Alblasserwaard.
The town's name evolved slightly over time: in 1280 Leckerlant, in 1331 Niewe Leckerland, and in 1903 Nieuw Lekkerland. It means "land of or near the river Lek" with the addition of "nieuw" ("new") to distinguish it from Old Lekkerland (now Lekkerkerk) across the river.

## History

The name Nieue-Leckelant appears for the first time around 1325. The most notable building used to be Castle Schoonenburg. Because of its elevated location on a mount, it served as a refuge for the people during floods before the reclamation of the Alblasserwaard. After 1456, the castle was abandoned and became a ruin. Its remains were thereafter probably used to rebuild a church tower. Only the mount is still visible. In 1848, the Reformed Church was built.
Nieuw-Lekkerland's economy was based on agriculture, cattle raising, and fishing. In the 19th century, ship building and industry developed, resulting in an increasing population: from 770 in 1820, 1153 in 1840, 2000 in 1867, to 9400 in 2004.
In 2013, the municipality of Nieuw-Lekkerland merged into the new municipality of Molenwaard. In 2019, Molenwaard merged into Molenlanden.

## Attractions

The number one attraction nearby are the adjacent windmills at Kinderdijk.
In Nieuw-Lekkerland, a retirement home on the Lek dike was built in 1885, designed by Aart den Boer. It was commissioned as a dike management house by Leendert Smit Fopzoon, Ambachtsheer van Nieuw-Lekkerland and his spouse Neeltje Smit. The eclectic-styled building has space for about 15 inhabitants and a landlord. The basement houses the kitchen, the ground floor holds the common room and the second floor contains the room of the regent.

## Gallery

* Nieuw-Lekkerland in 1867
* De Hoge Molen [nl] in Nieuw-Lekkerland
* Kleine of Lage Molen [nl] in Nieuw-Lekkerland
* House in Nieuw-Lekkerland, built in 1643
# Sam Ruby

Sam Ruby is a prominent software developer who has made significant contributions to web standards and open source software projects. In particular he has contributed to the standardization of syndicated web feeds via his involvement with the Atom standard and the Feed Validator web service.
He currently holds the position of Rails Specialist at Fly.io. He resides in Raleigh, North Carolina.

## Background

Sam Ruby received a B.A. in mathematics from Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia. Ruby was hired immediately out of college by IBM and has worked there since.

### Apache Project

Ruby is a former board member of the Apache Software Foundation. He formerly served as president; Assistant Secretary; Director, Vice President of Legal Affairs; and was the former Chair of the Apache Jakarta Project. He also actively contributes to numerous Apache projects. Notably, he was one of the early Ant contributors, as well as being the creator of Gump.

### Feed Validator

Ruby is the principal maintainer of the Feed validator, which he developed along with Mark Pilgrim. It's able to validate Atom feeds as well as RSS 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 feeds.

### PHP

Ruby also contributed to PHP, in particular to the Java Extension.

### Ruby

Sam Ruby has done development in the Ruby programming language, leading to some confusion between the person's name and the language. However, there is no formal connection—they both just coincidentally have the same name.

### Venus

Ruby is the author of Venus, an Atom/RSS feed aggregator, the codebase that began as a radical refactoring of the Planet 2.0 feed aggregator in 2006.

### html5lib

Ruby is a developer member of the html5lib project, with his primary contribution being the initial port of html5lib to the Ruby programming language.

## Standardization efforts

Ruby has been active within various standards development organizations.

### ECMA standardization of the .NET Framework CLI

Ruby was the convener of the ECMA TC49 group that standardized the Common Language Infrastructure for Microsoft's .NET Framework.

### Atom

The project which eventually became the Atom web feed standard was started by a blog posting by Sam Ruby in 2002 entitled "what makes a log entry". This blog posting eventually became a wiki project which acted as a rallying point for people looking to improve upon the frozen RSS format. Sam Ruby was the secretary of the IETF AtomPub working group. This working group completed RFC 4287, the Atom format specification ("The Atom Syndication Format"), in December 2005 and RFC 5023, "The Atom Publishing Protocol", in October 2007.

### ECMAScript

Ruby is a member of the ECMAScript technical committee (ECMAScript TC39); his primary contribution to the group is in driving the effort to add Decimal support to ECMAScript.

### HTML5

Ruby was an early adopter of HTML5, and has offered a number of concrete proposals which were subsequently incorporated into the HTML5 draft. He has been appointed co-chair of the W3C's HTML Working Group from 5 January 2009.