OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julie Anne Legate

Julie Anne Legate (born 1972) is a professor in the department of linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania.

## Education and research

Legate earned her B.A. from York University in 1995 and her M.A. from the University of Toronto in 1997. She received her Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2002, writing a dissertation on the Warlpiri language, under the supervision of Noam Chomsky and Sabine Iatridou.
She works in the areas of syntax and morphology. Her work investigates the structural representation of voice in syntax, beginning with a focus on Acehnese, a language spoken in Indonesia, but also including evidence from structures in Celtic, Scandinavian, and Slavic, broadening current cross-linguistic understanding of passive-like constructions.

## Honors

Since 2015 Legate has been editor-in-chief of the journal Natural Language and Linguistic Theory.

## Key publications
### Articles and chapters

JA Legate and CD Yang. 2002. Empirical re-assessment of stimulus poverty arguments. The Linguistic Review 19, 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.19.1-2.151.
JA Legate. 2003. Some interface properties of the phase. Linguistic Inquiry 34(3), 506–516. JSTOR 4179245
Legate, J. A., & Yang, C. 2007. Morphosyntactic Learning and the Development of Tense. Language Acquisition 14(3), 315–344. JSTOR 20462495
JA Legate. 2008. Morphological and abstract case. Linguistic Inquiry 39, 55–101. JSTOR 40071421.
JA Legate. 2012. Subjects in Acehnese and the Nature of the Passive. Language 88(3), 495–525. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0069
JA Legate, Faruk Akkus, Milena Sereikaite, Don Ringe. 2020. On Passives of Passives. Language 96, 771–818. doi:10.1353/lan.2020.0062

### Books

JA Legate. 2014. Voice and v: Lessons from Acehnese. (Linguistic Inquiry Monographs). MIT Press.
https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262028141.001.0001
# Bob Adams (footballer)

Robert James Adams (28 February 1917 – 1 September 1970) was an English professional footballer who played in The Football League for Cardiff City, Bristol Rovers and Millwall.

## Career

Born in Coleford, Gloucestershire, Adams joined Cardiff City at the age of 16 in 1932, keeping a clean sheet on his Football League debut soon after in February 1933 during a 2–0 win over Southend United in Division Three South. He spent two years at Ninian Park, largely as cover for Tom Farquharson, making eleven league appearances before leaving the club at the end of the 1933–34 season, joining Bristol Rovers.
He joined Millwall in 1935, making six league appearances, before finishing his professional career with Bristol City without breaking into the first team.
# Laziji

Laziji (simplified Chinese: 辣子鸡; traditional Chinese: 辣子雞; pinyin: làzijī; lit. 'spicy chicken'), also known as dry chili chicken, firecracker chicken, Chongqing chicken, and mala chicken, is a dish of chicken cubes stir-fried in chilis, Sichuan pepper, spicy fermented bean paste, garlic, and ginger.
Toasted sesame seeds and sliced spring onions are often used to garnish the dish.
Laziji originated near Geleshan in Chongqing, where restaurateurs used small free-range chickens from nearby farms. This poultry became a signature export for Geleshan.
# Joan Turville-Petre

Joan Elizabeth Turville-Petre (10 May 1911 – 9 March 2006) was an English philologist at the University of Oxford who specialized in Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse studies.

## Life

Joan Turville-Petre (née Blomfield) was the daughter of Sam Blomfield and Kate Barton of Colchester, Essex. In 1930 she began her studies at Somerville College, Oxford University and she maintained a lifelong connection with the college. She was a Tutor and Fellow from 1941 to 1946, a lecturer in English from 1946 to 1965 and an Honorary College Research Fellow from 1965 until her death in 2006.
On 7 January 1943, Joan Turville-Petre married Gabriel Turville-Petre, a fellow Oxford academic working in the same field. There were no guests at their wedding, but their friends J. R. R. and Edith Tolkien were there as witnesses. They had three sons: Thorlac Francis Samuel (born 6 January 1944), Merlin Oswald (born 2 July 1946) and Brendan Arthur Auberon (16 September 1948 – 6 December 1981).
Joan Turville-Petre died at the age of 94. Her funeral was held at St Michael's, Aylsham on 23 March 2006.

## Selected publications

* "Runes and the Gothic alphabet" Saga-Book of the Viking Society for Northern Research 12 (1937–45) 177–94; 209–31
* "Studies on the Ormulum MS." Journal of English and German Philology 46(1) (January 1947), 1–27
* The story of Rauð and his sons Trans. from the Icelandic by J.E. Turville-Petre. Viking Society for Northern Research. Payne Memorial Series II. (1947)
* "Hengest and Horsa" Saga-Book of the Viking Society for Northern Research 14 (1953–7) 273-90
* "Sources of the Vernacular Homily in England, Norway and Iceland" Arkiv för Nordik Filologi 75 (1960), 168–82.
* "Translations of a Lost Penitential Homily" Traditio 19 (1963) 51–78
* "The metre of Icelandic court poetry" Saga-Book of the Viking Society for Northern Research 17 (1966–69) 326–51
* "Beowulf and Grettis saga: An excursion" Saga-Book of the Viking Society for Northern Research 19 (1974–77) 347–57
* "The genealogist and history: Ari to Snorri" Saga-Book of the Viking Society for Northern Research 20 (1978–81) 7–23
* The Old English "Exodus" Text, translation and commentary by J. R. R. Tolkien; edited by Joan Turville-Petre. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1981)
* Meulengracht Sørensen, Preben The unmanly man: concepts of sexual defamation in early northern society Trans. by Joan Turville-Petre. Odense: Odense University Press (1983)
* Jón Hnefill Aðalsteinsson A Piece of Horse Liver: Myth, Ritual, and Folklore in Old Icelandic Sources Trans. by Terry Gunnell and Joan Turville-Petre, Háskólaútgáfan Félagsvísindastofnun (1998)
# United States Post Office (Amsterdam, New York)

The US Post Office-Amsterdam is a historic post office building located at 12-16 Church Street in Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York. It was built in 1935–1936, and was designed by Louis A. Simon, the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department in the Colonial Revival style. It consists of a 2+1⁄2-story, symmetrically massed brick building with 1-story side wings and a large rear wing in the Colonial Revival style. The interior features a pair of 1939 murals by Henry Schnakenberg (1892–1970).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
# Battle of Corbins

The battle of Corbins was a military engagement between the Almoravid army led by Abdulla ibn Iyad and the Catalan forces of Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona. The Almoravids achieved a resounding victory against the Catalans.

## Background

Following the loss of Zaragoza in 1118, the city of Lleida was under threat by Alfonso the Battler. For unknown reasons, Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, established an alliance with the governor of Lleida, Abdulla ibn Iyad. Ramon acted as the defender against any attack by Alfonso. Ibn Iyad would cede castles to Ramon in exchange for help against his own enemies and will pay tribute to Ramon. In 1123, Alfonso attacked Lleida. The siege ended in failure due to Ramon's intervention. Ramon was already planning to capture Lleida for himself. In October 1122, he allied with Ponç II of Empúries. Pope Callixtus II issued a crusading bull for Ramon's preparations to restore the churches in Iberia. Archbishop Olegarius was charged with managing the crusade. Ramon ordered all laymen who received tithes to go on crusade. Once preparations were done, Ramon revolted against the Almoravids.

## Battle

Little detail is known regarding the attack, which probably took place in 1126. The Almoravids entered the borders, causing great damage and cutting down fields, burning all towns and places on the banks of Segre and Noguera Ribagorçana. Learning of this attack, the Catalans faced the Almoravid troops near the castle of Corbins. The Almoravids, with their superiority in numbers, defeated them in a resounding battle. A bloody battle resulted in a few survivors for the Catalans. Many Catalan knights perished in this battle; among them was Bernard Raymond Count of Pallars Jussà. The Almoravid victory pushed back the defensive line by County of Urgell between Albesa and Térmens.

## Aftermath

The defeat at Corbins led to a rise of doubts concerning a potential successful attack against the Almoravids. Alfonso met with Ramon alongside the bishops of Huesca and Roda. Both rulers agreed to an alliance against the Almoravids on the upper frontier. This alliance did not result in a campaign against the enemy, but it did postpone the Alfonso campaign surrounding Lleida to 1131.
# Everything Live

Everything Live is a concert film of the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers' performance at the NYNEX Arena, Manchester, England on 24 May 1997. Along with the 1996 album Everything Must Go, it captures the band's comeback following the disappearance of their rhythm guitarist and lyricist Richey Edwards and their transition to being a major band. On the tenth anniversary edition of Everything Must Go, bassist Nicky Wire cites the concert as the moment he knew that the band had "made it".
The film was released as a VHS video on 29 September 1997 by Sony Music Video, and the full concert was later released on DVD as part of the Everything Must Go 20th Anniversary Edition reissue.
Everything Live was directed by Dick Carruthers. The first 12,000 copies came with five postcards featuring photographs of the band by their official photographer Mitch Ikeda.

## Track listing

* "Introduction: A Design For Life (Stealth Sonic Orchestra Mix)"
* "Everything Must Go"
* "Enola/Alone"[*]
* "Faster"
* "Kevin Carter"
* "La Tristesse Durera (Scream to a Sigh)"
* "Removables"[*]
* "Roses in the Hospital"
* "Elvis Impersonator: Blackpool Pier"
* "The Girl Who Wanted To Be God"[*]
* "Motown Junk"
* "Motorcycle Emptiness"
* "No Surface All Feeling"
* "This Is Yesterday"
* "Small Black Flowers That Grow in the Sky"[*]
* "Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head"[*]
* "Yes"[*]
* "Australia"
* "Stay Beautiful"[*]
* "A Design for Life"
* "You Love Us"
[*] Only included on the Everything Must Go 20th Anniversary Edition DVD Disc 1
It also includes an exclusive interview and documentary footage interspersed between songs.

## Personnel

* James Dean Bradfield – guitar, vocals
* Nicky Wire – bass guitar
* Sean Moore – drums
* Nick Nasmyth – keyboards
* Barbara Snow – trumpet on "Kevin Carter"
# Eau d'Heure lakes

The Eau d'Heure lakes (French: lacs de l'Eau d'Heure) is a complex of five artificial lakes in Wallonia, forming the largest lake area in Belgium.
The dams were built during the 1970s. The lakes are not far from the village of Cerfontaine, 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the city of Charleroi, and the border with France. They are within the municipalities of Cerfontaine (province of Namur) and Froidchapelle (province of Hainaut).
The primary river feeding the lakes is the Eau d'Heure. There are five dams and one hydro-electric power station. The largest lake, the Lac de la Plate Taille, is itself the largest single lake in the country, at 3.74 square kilometres (1.44 sq mi), while together the lakes have a surface area of 6.17 square kilometres (2.38 sq mi).
It is a popular tourist attraction, with water sports, including fishing, kayaking, diving and windsurfing.
The five lakes are:
* Lac de l'Eau d'Heure, the central lake of the complex
* Lac de Falemprise, a medium-sized lake to the south-east
* Lac de Féronval, a small lake at the north end of Lac de l'Eau d'Heure
* Lac de la Plate Taille, the largest lake at 3.74 square kilometres (1.44 sq mi), at the south-west of the group
* Lac du Ry Jaune (sometimes spelled Ri Jaune), a small lake on the east side
# Pablo Palazuelo

Pablo Palazuelo (October 8, 1915 – October 3, 2007) was a Spanish painter and sculptor.

## Work and biography

Pabich led to an invitation to join the Galérie Maeght (currently Galérie Lelong), an association that has continued for some fifty years. Palazuelo went on to receive the Kandinsky Prize in 1952. His attention became focused on the nature of "form" itself rather than on what it represented. In 1953 his investigation into form led to his discovery: Trans-geometría-the rhythms of nature translated into plastic art. This new way of seeing was initially expressed in his Solitudes series shown in his first solo exhibition in 1955.
Ascendente no. 2, his first sculpture, appeared in 1954. In 1962 that his exploration of the qualities of space through his metal sculpture began in earnest, and his two-dimensional drawings became transformed into their three-dimensional counterparts. Conflict between large, flat, colorful forms characterized the series entitled Onda, Onfalo and Tierra, exhibited in 1963, and indicated a significant change in the direction of his art. In 1969 Pablo Palazuelo returned to Spain, where he continued to probe the mysteries of form through his paintings, sculptures, writings and research. He began to work in a 14th-century castle in Monroy, near Cáceres in 1974. During this time he captured the phenomenon of transformation, from its origin to its cyclic end, in his Monroy series.
The appearance of "signs" in his El número y las aguas series in 1978 marked another level of his inquiry into "the moment of formation." Palazuelo's Yantra paintings, exhibited in 1985, represented diagrams of two-dimensional force and structures of three-dimensional force, which constituted figures of conception. Constantly changing lineal rhythms characterized his Nigredo, Anamne and Sinesis series, which were exhibited at the Galería Soledad Lorenzo in Madrid. Since 1955 Palazuelo has held twenty-three solo exhibitions, as well as numerous group exhibitions in France, Spain and throughout Europe. Palazuelo continued to explore the potentialities of form in his Sydus series.

## Exhibitions

His work was also periodically displayed in group exhibitions in the United States between 1953 and 1975. In 1958 he received the Fifth Carnegie Prize for his work Mandala at the Pittsburgh Museum of Art (Carnegie Institute). Pablo Palazuelo received several awards for his work, including Spain's National Award for Plastic Arts in 1999, and was regarded as one of the preeminent Spanish artists of this century. He died on October 3, 2007, in Madrid.
# Rolf M. Zinkernagel

Rolf Martin Zinkernagel AC (born 6 January 1944) is a professor of experimental immunology at the University of Zurich. Along with Peter C. Doherty, he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells.

## Education

Zinkernagel received his MD degree from the University of Basel in 1970 and his PhD from the Australian National University in 1975.

## Career and research

Zinkernagel is a member of the Cancer Research Institute Scientific Advisory Council, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, The National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and The Academy of Cancer Immunology. Zinkernagel was elected as a Corresponding Fellow to the Australian Academy of Science also in 1996.

## Awards and honours

Together with the Australian Peter C. Doherty he received the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells. With this he became the 24th Swiss Nobel laureate. In 1999 he was awarded an honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (AC), Australia's highest civilian honour, for his scientific work with Doherty.
Viruses infect host cells and reproduce inside them. Killer T-cells destroy those infected cells so that the viruses cannot reproduce. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that for killer T-cells to recognize infected cells, they had to recognize two molecules on the surface of the cell—not only the virus antigen, but also a molecule of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This recognition was done by a T-cell receptor on the surface of the T-cell. The MHC was previously identified as being responsible for the rejection of incompatible tissues during transplantation. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that the MHC was responsible for the body fighting meningitis viruses too.
In addition to the Nobel Prize, he also won the Cloëtta Prize in 1981, the Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award in 1987, the Otto-Naegeli-Preis in 1988 and the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award in 1995. In 1994 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
# Decorin

Decorin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCN gene.
Decorin is a proteoglycan that is on average 90 - 140 kilodaltons (kDa) in molecular weight. It belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and consists of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain consisting of either chondroitin sulfate (CS) or dermatan sulfate (DS).
Decorin is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan and is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin and biglycan are thought to be the result of a gene duplication. This protein is a component of connective tissue, binds to type I collagen fibrils, and plays a role in matrix assembly.

## Naming

Decorin's name is a derivative of both the fact that it "decorates" collagen type I, and that it interacts with the "d" and "e" bands of fibrils of this collagen.

## Function

Decorin appears to influence fibrillogenesis, and also interacts with fibronectin, thrombospondin, the complement component C1q, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).
Decorin has been shown to either enhance or inhibit the activity of TGF-beta 1. The primary function of decorin involves regulation during the cell cycle.
It has been involved in the regulation of autophagy, of endothelial cell and inhibits angiogenesis. This process is mediated by a high-affinity interaction with VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) which leads to increased levels of tumor suppressor gene called PEG3. Other angiogenic growth factors that decorin inhibits are angiopoietin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).
Decorin has recently been established as a myokine. In this role, it promotes muscle hypertrophy by binding with myostatin.

## Clinical significance

Keloid scars have decreased decorin expression compared to healthy skin. Development of congenital stromal corneal dystrophy is dependent on export and extracellular deposition of truncated decorin.

## Animal studies

Infusion of decorin into experimental rodent spinal cord injuries has been shown to suppress scar formation and promote axon growth.
Decorin has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic properties in an experimental murine tumor model and is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. The decorin-deficient knockout mouse shows reduced inflammatory reactions during contact dermatitis due to a defect in leukocyte recruitment and altered interferon gamma function.

## Interactions

Decorin has been shown to interact with:
* Collagen type I
* Epidermal growth factor receptor and
* TGF beta 1,
* TLR2, and
* TLR4.
# Syrian diaspora

Syrian diaspora refers to Syrian people and their descendants who chose or were forced to emigrate from Syria and now reside in other countries as immigrants, or as refugees of the Syrian Civil War.
The estimated number of people of Syrian descent residing outside Syria ranges from 8 to 13 million.$^{:1}$ The UNHCR reports that 4.9 million global refugees in 2015 were Syrian nationals. The Syrian nationality law does not grant diaspora Syrians an automatic right of return to Syria, and under the controversial 2018 Absentees Law, the Assad government confiscated property of millions of Syrians.

## Populations

| Country | Estimate | Upper Estimate | Region | Country article in English Wikipedia |
| Brazil | 1,000,000 according to a research conducted by IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of caucasoid Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in the Middle East | 4,000,000 people of Syrian ancestry (according to Brazilian government) | South America | Syrian Brazilian |
| Turkey | 3,611,834 registered (December 2018) | | Europe Asia | Syrians in Turkey |
| Lebanon | 950,334 registered (December 2018) | | Middle East | Syrians in Lebanon |
| Jordan | 671,148 registered (December 2018) | 1,400,000 estimated (August 2015) | Middle East | Syrians in Jordan |
| Germany | 1,281,000 (2023) | | European Union | Syrians in Germany |
| Argentina | 1,500,000 | 2,000,000 | South America | Syrian Argentine |
| Saudi Arabia | 449,314 (2022 census) | 449,000 | Middle East | Syrians in Saudi Arabia |
| Iraq | 310‚000 estimated (December 2024) | | Middle East | Syrian in iraq |
| Sudan | 250,000 estimated (2017) | | Africa | |
| United Arab Emirates | >250,000 estimated (2016) | | Middle East | Syrians in the United Arab Emirates |
| Sweden | 250 000 (2021) | | European Union | Syrians in Sweden |
| United States | 187,331 (by ancestry, 2016 U.S Census Bureau) | | North America | Syrian American |
| Egypt | 132,553 estimated (December 2018) | | North Africa and Middle East | |
| Kuwait | 120,000 estimated (2015) | | Middle East | Syrians in Kuwait |
| Canada | 98,250 (by ancestry, 2021 Census) | | North America | Syrian Canadian |
| Greece | 88,204 (2015) | | European Union | Syrians in Greece |
| Austria | 68,000 (2019) | | European Union | Syrians in Austria |
| France | 44,000 (2020) | | European Union | Syrians in France |
| Australia | 29,096 (Syrian-born resident, 2021) | | Oceania | Syrian Australians |
| Israel | 24,800 (2019) | 115,000 | Middle East |
| Venezuela | 15,632 (Syrian-born resident, 2015) | 1,000,000 Venezuelans of Syrian descent | Latin America | Syrian Venezuelan |
| Finland | 10,403 (2022) | | European Union | Syrians in Finland |
| Algeria | 10,000 (Jan 2013) | 25,000 estimated (Jan 2013) | North Africa | |
| United Kingdom | 8,848 England & Wales unknown in Scotland and 2,000 in Northern Ireland. (2019) | | Europe | Syrians in the United Kingdom |