# Ministry of Public Works (Indonesia)

The Ministry of Public Works (Indonesian: Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum; abbreviated as Kemen PU), is an Indonesian government ministry that is responsible for public works. The ministry is under the responsibility to the President. Since 21 October 2024, the ministry is led by Dody Hanggodo.

## History
### Dutch East Indies period

The term "Public Works" is a translation of the Dutch term Openbare Werken which was called Water Management Works (Waterstaatswerken) during the Dutch East Indies era. The Government Center, built by the Department of Transport and Water Management (Departement van Verkeer & Waterstaat, Dep.V & W), were led by a director, who oversees several departments (Afdelingen) and services (Diensten) in accordance with the duties / authorities of the department.
The department also covers the public works (openbare werken) including afdeling Waterstaat, with afdelingen (afd.) parts: public building (Lands gebouwen), road (Wegen), irrigation (Irrigatie), and sanitation (Assainering), Hydropower (Waterkracht), Constructie burreau (for bridges). The department also covers afd. Havenwezen (Harbor), afd. Electriciteitswezen (Electrical) and afd. Luchtvaart (Civil Aviation).
The regulations issued during the Dutch East Indies era for guidelines in carrying out tasks in the Public Works can be read in "A.W.R". 1936 B.W.R 1934 and "W.V.O/W.V.V.".

### Japanese Era

After the Dutch surrendered in the Pacific war in 1942, to Japan, the Indonesian area was divided by Japan into three administrative regions, namely Java/Madura, Sumatra and East Indonesia and there was no highest Government Center in Indonesia which controlled the government areas.
In the field of public works in each of the areas of the Japanese Military Government organization mentioned above, an organization in the Dutch East Indies era was needed and adjusted to the provisions of the Japanese side. The head office "V & W". in Bandung was renamed Kotubu Bunsitsu (交通部分室). Since then, the term 'Pekerjaan Oemoem' (PO), 'Oeroesan Pekerdjaan Oemoem' (OPO), 'Pekerjaan Umum' (PU), and doboku (土木) was commonly used.
Kotubu Bonsitsu in Bandung only has relations with the Government area in Java/Madura, while the relations with outside of Java was not exist. Public Works Organizations in the regions and residents generally stand on their own. There is some work implementation system that uses the system and the name of the Dutch Indies era, other than Japanese system.

### Indonesian period

After Indonesia proclaimed independence on 17 August 1945, the Indonesian youths began to gradually seize power from the Japanese government, both in the central government (Jakarta / Bandung) and regional governments. After the Indonesian government formed the first Cabinet, the Minister began to formulate its organization and character. Public Works at that time (1945) was based in Bandung, taking the place of the former V. & W building (known as Gedung Sate).
When the Dutch wanted to restore governmental power in the Dutch East Indies before the war, they came to follow the Allied Forces into Indonesia. As a result of the urges of the Dutch government, there was a physical conflict with the Indonesian Youth who wanted to defend their homeland and the occupied buildings, including the "Gedung Sate" which had become the Public Works Department Building at that time (this historic event is known as the "incident" of 3 December 1945, marked as an anniversary in the Ministry of Public Works).
During the National revolution from 1945 to 1949, the Indonesian Central Government in Jakarta was forced to flee to Purworejo and then to Yogyakarta, as well as the Ministry of Public Works, and later on to Bukitinggi. After the Dutch Government in 1949 recognized the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the center of the Indonesian government in Yogyakarta was moved again to Jakarta and the Ministry was reformed as the Ministry of Public Works and Energy of the United States of Indonesia.
Since 1945, the Public Works (PU) has often undergone changes in leadership and organization, according to the political situation at that time. In the beginning of the formation of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, the composition of the Ministries changed due to the changing situation of the times.
Guided Democracy soon elevated the Ministry of Public Works into prestige as president Sukarno mandated the ministry's work in national construction to build a stronger nation. In the mid-1960s, there was a large Cabinet called the Dwikora Cabinet or the Cabinet of 100 Ministers. The Public Works Ministry also experienced organizational changes in the 60s and in the middle of the decade split into five distinct Ministries under the Dwikora Cabinet led under General Suprajogi, Coordinating Minister for Public Works. These ministries under the Coordinating Ministry were:
* Department of Electricity and Power (Departemen Listrik dan Ketenagaan), for electricity affairs
* Department of Public Highways (Departemen Bina Marga), for highway construction and maintenance
* Construction Industry Department (Departemen Cipta Karya Konstruksi)
* Water Resources Department (Departemen Pengairan Dasar)
* Trans-Sumatra Highway Department (Departemen Jalan Raya Sumatra)
After the G.30S PKI event, the Government immediately formed the Revised Dwikora Cabinet and among others, appointed Ir Soetami who succeeded Suprajogi as Coordinating Minister for Public Works.
The reunified public works ministry was formed during the Ampera Cabinet, which was the first Cabinet during the New Order era and Ir. Soetami remained in his post. With the Decree of the Minister of PUT dated 17 June 1968 N0.3 / PRT / 1968 and amended by the Ministerial Decree of PUT dated 1 June 1970 Number 4 / PRT / 1970, the ministerial structure was amended to suit the changing methods of construction of public works projects. As a further illustration of the division of tasks within the public works department, the public work duties at that time was handed and being managed by the regional authorities themselves.
This setup lasted until 2024, when the Ministry of Housing and Residencial Areas was created.

## Structure until 2024

On 30 December 2022, the structure of the Ministry was expanded by the Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 11/2022 into:
* Office of the Minister of Public Works and Housing
* Office of the Deputy Minister of Public Works and Housing (Currently in sede vacante)
* Secretariat General
** Office of the Secretary General
** Senior Advisors to the Minister
*** Senior Advisor to the Minister on Development Integration
*** Senior Advisor to the Minister on Economy and Investment
*** Senior Advisor to the Minister on Sociocultural Affairs and Community Participation
*** Senior Advisor to the Minister on Interinstitutional Relations
*** Senior Advisor to the Minister on Technology, Industry and Environment
** Special Advisors to the Minister
*** Special Advisor to the Minister on Procurement of Goods and Services
*** Special Advisor to the Minister on Audit and Construction Supervision
*** Special Advisor to the Minister on Water Resources Management
*** Special Advisor to the Minister on Housing
*** Special Advisor to the Minister on Legal Affairs
** Senior Experts to the Minister
*** Senior Expert to the Minister on Community Participation
*** Senior Expert to the Minister on Water Resources
*** Senior Expert to the Minister on Public Communication
*** Senior Expert to the Minister on Infrastructure Development Strategy
*** Senior Expert to the Minister on Environment
*** Senior Expert to the Minister on Public Works and Housing Ministerial Complex Landscape Arrangement
** Bureau of Budget Planning and International Cooperation
** Bureau of Personnel, Organization, and Procedure
** Bureau of Financial Affairs
** Bureau of General Affairs
** Bureau of Legal Affairs
** Bureau of State-owned Asset Management
** Bureau of Public Communication
** Center for Policy Implementation Analysis
** Center for Data and Information Technology
** Center for Regional Infrastructure Facilitation
* Directorate General of Water Resources
** Secretariat for Directorate General of Water Resources
** Directorate of Water Resources Management System and Strategy
** Directorate of River and Coasts
** Directorate of Irrigation and Lowlands
** Directorate of Dams and Lakes
** Directorate of Groundwater and Bulk Water
** Directorate of Operation and Maintenance
** Directorate of Water Resources Engineering Development
** Directorate of Internal Compliance
** Center for Sidoarjo Mud Flow Containment
** National Water Resources Council Secretariat
** River Basin Organizations
*** Type "A" Main Stations-level
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera VIII Palembang
**** River Basin Organization for Citarum
**** River Basin Organization for Cimanuk Cisanggarung
**** River Basin Organization for Pemali Juana
**** River Basin Organization for Brantas
**** River Basin Organization for Pompengan Jeneberang
**** River Basin Organization for Serayu Opak
**** River Basin Organization for Mesuji Sekampung
**** River Basin Organization for Ciliwung Cisadane
**** River Basin Organization for Cidanau, Ciujung, Cidurian
*** Type "B" Main Stations-level
**** River Basin Organization for Citanduy
*** Stations-level
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera I Banda Aceh
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera II Medan
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera III Pekanbaru
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera IV Batam
**** River Basin Organization for Bangka Belitung
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera V Padang
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera VI Jambi
**** River Basin Organization for Sumatera VII Bengkulu
**** River Basin Organization for Kalimantan I Pontianak
**** River Basin Organization for Kalimantan II Palangkaraya
**** River Basin Organization for Kalimantan III Banjarmasin
**** River Basin Organization for Kalimantan IV Samarinda
**** River Basin Organization for Kalimantan V Tanjung Selor
**** River Basin Organization for Sulawesi I Manado
**** River Basin Organization for Sulawesi II Gorontalo
**** River Basin Organization for Sulawesi III Palu
**** River Basin Organization for Sulawesi IV Kendari
**** River Basin Organization for Maluku
**** River Basin Organization for North Maluku
**** River Basin Organization for Bali Penida
**** River Basin Organization for Nusa Tenggara I Mataram
**** River Basin Organization for Nusa Tenggara II Kupang
**** River Basin Organization for Papua
**** River Basin Organization for West Papua
**** River Basin Organization for Merauke
** Technical Implementations Units
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Dam Engineering
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Coastal Engineering
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Rivers Engineering
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Lowlands
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Irrigation
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Sabo Dams
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Hydraulics and Water Geotechnics
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Groundwater
*** Technical Implementation Unit for Hydrology and Water Environment
* Directorate General of Highways
** Secretariat for Directorate General of Highways
** Directorate of Road and Bridge Management System and Strategy
** Directorate of Road Construction
** Directorate of Bridge Construction
** Directorate of Road and Bridge Preservation for Region I (Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa, and Bali Islands)
** Directorate of Road and Bridge Preservation for Region II (Nusa Tenggaras, Sulawesi, All Moluccas, and Papua Islands)\
** Directorate of Freeways
** Directorate of Road and Bridge Engineering Development
** Directorate of Internal Compliance
** Technical Implementation Units
*** Implementation Unit for Road Materials
*** Implementation Unit for Bridges
*** Implementation Unit for Geotechnics, Tunnels, and Structures
*** Implementation Unit for Pavement and Road Environment
* Directorate General of Human Settlements
** Secretariat of Directorate General of Human Settlements
** Directorate of Settlement Infrastructure Implementation System and Strategy
** Directorate of Building Management Development
** Directorate of Water Supply
** Directorate of Settlement Area Development
** Directorate of Sanitation
** Directorate of Strategic Infrastructure
** Directorate for Settlement and Housing Engineering Development
** Directorate of Internal Compliance
* Directorate General of Housing
** Secretariat of Directorate General of Housing
** Directorate of Housing Implementation System and Strategy
** Directorate of Self-Help Housing
** Directorate of Vertical Housing
** Directorate of Specialized Housing
** Directorate of Sanitation
** Directorate of Internal Compliance
** Provincial Settlement Infrastructure Agencies
** Housing Provision Implementation Agencies
** Technical Implementation Units
*** Implementation Unit for Water Supply Technology
*** Implementation Unit for Sanitation Technology
*** Implementation Unit for Building Materials and Structures
*** Implementation Unit for Building Science
*** Implementation Unit for Settlement and Housing
* Directorate General of Construction Development
** Secretariat of Directorate General of Construction Development
** Directorate of Construction Development
** Directorate of Institutional Affairs and Construction Resources
** Directorate of Construction Competency and Productivity
** Directorate of Construction Services Procurement
** Directorate of Construction Services Procurement
** Construction Services Development Board of Indonesia
*** Secretariat of Construction Services Development Board
** Construction Services Agencies
*** Construction Services Agency for Region I Banda Aceh
*** Construction Services Agency for Region II Palembang
*** Construction Services Agency for Region III Jakarta
*** Construction Services Agency for Region IV Surabaya
*** Construction Services Agency for Region V Banjarmasin
*** Construction Services Agency for Region VI Makassar
*** Construction Services Agency for Region VII Jayapura
** Construction Services Procurement Agencies
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Aceh Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for North Sumatra Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for West Sumatera Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for South Sumatera Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Jambi Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Lampung Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Banten Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for DKI Jakarta Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for West Java Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for D.I Yogyakarta Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Central Java Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for East Java Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Bali Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for East Nusa Tenggara Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for West Nusa Tenggara Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for West Kalimantan Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for South Kalimantan Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Central Kalimantan Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for East Kalimantan Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for North Kalimantan Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for North Sulawesi Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Southeast Sulawesi Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Central Sulawesi Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for South Sulawesi Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Papua Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for West Papua Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Riau Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Riau Islands Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Bengkulu Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Bangka Belitung Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Gorontalo Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for West Sulawesi Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for Maluku Region
*** Construction Services Procurement Agency for North Maluku Region
* Directorate General of Public Works and Housing Infrastructure Financing
** Secretary of Directorate General of Public Works and Housing Infrastructure Financing
** Directorate of Financing Administration Strategy and System Development
** Directorate of Water Resources Infrastructure Financing
** Directorate of Road and Bridge Infrastructure Financing Implementation
** Directorate of Settlement Infrastructure Financing Implementation
** Directorate of Housing Financing Implementation
* Inspectorate General
** Secretariat of Inspectorate General
** Inspectorate I
** Inspectorate II
** Inspectorate III
** Inspectorate IV
** Inspectorate V
** Inspectorate VI
* Regional Infrastructure Development Agency
** Secretariat of Regional Infrastructure Development Agency
** Center for National Infrastructure Development
** Center for Public Works and Housing Infrastructure Development for Region I
** Center for Public Works and Housing Infrastructure Development for Region II
** Center for Public Works and Housing Infrastructure Development for Region III
* Human Resources Development Agency
** Secretariat of Human Resources Development Agency
** Center for Talent Development
** Center for Water Resources and Settlements Competency Development
** Center for Road, Housing and Regional Infrastructure Competency Development
** Center for Management Competency Development
** Public Works Polytechnic
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region I Medan
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region II Palembang
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region III Jakarta
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region IV Bandung
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region V Yogyakarta
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region VI Surabaya
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region VII Banjarmasin
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region VIII Makassar
** Public Works and Housing Competency Development Unit for Region IX Jayapura
** Competency Assessment Unit