OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Qatar)

The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change was established by a ministerial decision attended by Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of the State No. 57 of 2021. The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change is a service ministry that specializes in achieving many goals, foremost of which is protecting the environment, preserving its resources, and reducing emissions that cause climate change.
The current Minister is Abdulla bin Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Subaie.

## Ministry tasks

The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change is concerned with everything related to the affairs of the environment and climate change, and in particular it shall have the following:
* Propose and implement public policies to protect the environment and reduce emissions that cause climate change.
* Conducting and evaluating the studies necessary to protect the environment.
* Supporting and developing institutions that work on developing public awareness about the importance of preserving and protecting the environment.
* Encouraging the use of technological developments to support and protect the environment.
* Development of wildlife and marine life, protection of their natural habitats, and follow up of related activities.
* Controlling the handling of chemical and radioactive materials, and managing radioactive waste, follow up on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
* Promote the environmentally friendly uses of treated wastewater and recycled solid waste.
* Issuing environmental licenses for industrial development projects.
* Monitoring industrial environmental violations and conducting the necessary inspections
* Managing and supervising nature reserves.
Source:
# Great Synagogue (Constanța)

The Great Synagogue of Constanța is a synagogue, located at 2 C. A. Rosetti Street in Constanța, Romania, that is no longer in use. Although it is in an advanced state of decay and has been abandoned, it is the only synagogue that stands in Constanța.

## History

The synagogue was built between 1910 and 1914 in a Moorish Revival architectural style on the site of an earlier synagogue, erected between 1867 and 1872 after a firman of Sultan Abdul Aziz. The first steps were initiated in 1907 by the president of the community, M. Bujes. However the original building application submitted in 1908 was denied due to concerns about the strength of the proposed dome and galleries. Architect Anghel Păunescu thus replaced the proposed dome with a semi-cylindrical vault intended to express the same "seduction of the curved space".
In the interwar period, there had been two main synagogues in Constanța: there was also the Sephardic Temple, built between 1905 and 1908 in a Catalan Gothic architectural style, The Sephardic synagogue was heavily damaged during the Second World War when it was used as an ammunition warehouse, further damaged by an earthquake, and was demolished in 1989 under the rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu.

## Condition

As the Jewish population in Constanța declined, the synagogue fell into disuse. Photographs show the synagogue was still in use - and in good repair - as recently as 1996, but once abandoned, the building had been "ransacked of anything not nailed down". The structure of the building is still standing, but is in an advanced state of degradation and is in danger of collapsing.
Only three of the four walls are intact, and the roof has partially collapsed. A tree grows in the middle of the sanctuary and most of the stained glass windows have been smashed.
Journalists Florin Anghel and Cristian Andrei Leonte blamed local officials and popular opinion for allowing the building to "crumble to the point of collapse", noting that synagogues in other cities were "splendidly renovated and converted into cultural centres or exhibition halls." Aurel Vainer, president of the Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania, blamed lack of interest for the deterioration of the synagogue.
In November 2014, a team of architects from Bucharest were hired to inspect the building, assess the necessary repairs and estimate costs. In 2019, there was an outcry from the local Jewish community and in Israel after an unauthorized lingerie photo shoot was held in the synagogue and pictures were posted online.
In June 2023, the president of the Romanian Jewish community announced that a contract to restore the synagogue had been signed.

## Architecture

The synagogue has three levels. The exterior doors and windows display a Moorish influence. Inside, the worship area is divided into three naves with traditional Jewish decorations.
# Brownstem spleenwort

Brownstem spleenwort may refer to two species of spleenwort:
* Asplenium laetum [Wikidata], native to Mexico, Central and South America, and the West Indies
* Asplenium platyneuron, native to North America and South Africa
# 2006 Southern Illinois Salukis football team

The 2006 Southern Illinois Salukis football team represented Southern Illinois University as a member of the Gateway Football Conference during the 2006 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by sixth-year head coach Jerry Kill and played their home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois. The Salukis finished the season with a 9–4 record overall and a 4–3 record in conference play. The team received an at-large bid to the FCS playoffs, where they defeated Tennessee–Martin before losing to Montana in the quarterfinals. Southern Illinois was ranked No. 7 in The Sports Network's postseason ranking of FCS teams.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 31 | | Lock Haven* | No. 17 | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | | W 49–0 | 9,636 |
| September 16 | | at Indiana* | No. 16 | Memorial StadiumBloomington, IN | Mediacom | W 35–28 | 31,156 |
| September 23 | | at Arkansas–Pine Bluff* | No. 10 | Golden Lion StadiumPine Bluff, AR | | W 48–16 | 3,910 |
| September 30 | | Indiana State | No. 10 | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | | W 55–3 | 13,524 |
| October 7 | | Western Illinois | No. 9 | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | | W 31–24 | 13,721 |
| October 14 | | at No. 5 Illinois State | No. 7 | Hancock StadiumNormal, IL | | L 10–37 | 17,237 |
| October 21 | | Western Kentucky | No. 13 | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | | L 24–27 | 11,024 |
| October 28 | | at Missouri State | No. 19 | Plaster Sports ComplexSpringfield, MO | | W 27–17 | 10,180 |
| November 4 | | at Youngstown State | No. 12 | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | | L 24–31 | 14,095 |
| November 11 | 3:00 p.m. | No. 12 Northern Iowa | No. 14 | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | | W 47–23 | 7,422 |
| November 18 | | Southern Utah* | No. 11 | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | | W 59–0 | 5,535 |
| November 25 | | No. 12 Tennessee–Martin* | No. 10 | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL (NCAA Division I First Round) | | W 36–30 | 5,694 |
| December 2 | 1:30 p.m. | at No. 2 Montana* | No. 10 | Washington–Grizzly StadiumMissoula, MT (NCAA Division I Quarterfinal) | KPAX | L 3–20 | 18,883 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time |||||||||
# Buckeye Trail

The Buckeye Trail is a 1,444-mile (2,324 km) hiking trail and long-distance trail that loops around the state of Ohio. Part of it is on roads and part is on wooded trail. Road portions of the trail are gradually being relocated to separate trail.
This trail passes through many of the most scenic locations in the state, such as the Hocking Hills region and the Cuyahoga Valley National Park. It also goes through many small towns in Ohio, making this trail both an outdoor as well as a history experience.
The trail's northern terminus is on Lake Erie in Headlands Beach State Park east of Cleveland. From the northern terminus, one branch leads south down the eastern edge of the state while another leads west across the north towards Toledo.
The two branches rejoin in southwestern Ohio in the city of Milford, where a single branch continues southwest to Eden Park in Cincinnati, the southern terminus.
Major portions of the trail follow the old canal routes including the Miami and Erie Canal and the Wabash and Erie Canal in the West and the Ohio and Erie Canal in the East.
The North Country Trail coincides with the Buckeye Trail for a large part of its route, and the American Discovery Trail also coincides with it through southern Ohio.
The Buckeye Trail Association, a non-profit volunteer organization, maintains and develops the trail. The trail is identified by blue blazes, 2 by 6 inches (5.1 cm × 15.2 cm), on trees or poles. A single blaze marks the trail where the route is fairly straight or obvious, while a double blaze marks a turn with the upper blaze offset to indicate the new direction. A double blaze with no offset simply means pay attention - the trail route may not be obvious.

## Gallery

* BT blaze on a beech tree in North Chagrin Metropark
* BT in North Chagrin Metropark
* BTA Trail Crew installing new puncheon at Lake Logan State Park
* Winter View of the Trail in Tar Hollow State Forest
* View of the Maumee River from along the trail at Bend View Metropark
* A typical BT blaze at Mentor Marsh State Nature Preserve
# John IX of Constantinople

John IX of Constantinople (Agapetos or Hieromnemon (Greek: Ἰωάννης Ἀγαπητός or Ἱερομνήμων; died April 1134) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between 24 May 1111 and late April 1134. John IX's nickname is because before his election to the Patriarchal throne, he held the office of hieromnemon within the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. He was the nephew of a prominent Metropolis of Chalcedon.
He was a cleric from within the scholarly, philosophical branch of the Church hierarchy, and had risen through the ranks of the patriarchal clergy. He sought to reverse the secularising trend within the clergy by banning them from acting as advocates in civil courts. A lifelong scholar, he sought to reclaim the great, but dispersed, collection of books within the capital, as there was no central library. He made it a practice to acquire the book collections of deceased powerful men and then had the patriarchal staff recopy them. His measures greatly expanded the range of titles held in the Great Church to which teachers were attached.
Within religious matters, he pushed the trend of making the patriarchal clergy, rather than the monastic community, the authoritative voice of Orthodoxy. He also convened a council in Constantinople in 1117 which condemned the doctrine of Eustratius of Nicaea as Nestorian, despite the defence offered by the Patriarch. During his patriarchate some efforts were made by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos to bridge the schism between the Orthodox and the Catholic Church but these failed, as Pope Paschal II in late 1112 pressed the demand that the Patriarch of Constantinople recognise the Papal primacy over "all the churches of God throughout the world". This was something the patriarch could not do in face of opposition from the majority of secular clergy, the monastic world, and the laity.
# Crewe–Manchester line

vteCrewe–Manchester line :
Legend :
The Crewe–Manchester line is a railway line in North West England, running between Crewe and Manchester Piccadilly. It is a spur of the West Coast Main Line.

## History

The line was built by the Manchester and Birmingham Railway Company, which diverted to Crewe in 1841 and merged in 1846 with others to form the London and North Western Railway Company. This, in turn, became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923.
The route from Crewe to Manchester Piccadilly, including the Styal line, was the first section of the West Coast Main Line to be electrified, in 1959. The line was upgraded in the early 2000s, as part of the West Coast Main Line modernisation programme. A full service resumed on the line in March 2007.
The line is joined at Cheadle Hulme by the West Coast spur from Stoke-on-Trent. At Stockport, it is then joined by the Mid-Cheshire line from Chester, the Hope Valley line from Sheffield, and by the Buxton line.
In April 2006, Network Rail organised its maintenance and train control operations into '26 Routes'; the Crewe–Manchester line was included in Route 20 (North West Urban).

## Services

Northern Trains operates services between Crewe, Alderley Edge and Manchester Piccadilly, via Stockport and the Styal line via Manchester Airport. A number of the Crewe / Alderley Edge – Piccadilly services also extend beyond Piccadilly to terminate at Liverpool Lime Street, Southport and Wigan North Western. Also, a number of services to/from Manchester start or terminate at Wilmslow.
Transport for Wales Rail operates a through express service between Milford Haven and Cardiff, via the Welsh Marches line, to Manchester.
Avanti West Coast operates West Coast Main Line services between London Euston, Crewe and Manchester.
CrossCountry also operates a small number of services on the line between Manchester Piccadilly, Birmingham New Street and the South.
# 2006 Towson Tigers football team

The 2006 Towson Tigers football team represented Towson University in the 2006 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by 15th-year head coach Gordy Combs and played their home games at Johnny Unitas Stadium. They played as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. They finished the season 7–4, 4–4 in A-10 play to finish in third place in the South division.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 2 | | Morgan State* | | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | W 30–2 | |
| September 9 | | at Elon* | | Rhodes StadiumElon, NC | W 24–17 | |
| September 16 | 6:00 p.m. | Liberty* | | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | W 10–3 | 4,665 |
| September 23 | | at Hofstra | No. 21 | James M. Shuart StadiumHempstead, NY | W 33–30 | |
| October 7 | | Maine | No. 17 | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | L 7–28 | |
| October 14 | 3:00 p.m. | No. 8 UMass | No. 22 | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | L 0–35 | 6,820 |
| October 21 | | Villanova | | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | W 21–13 | 8,111 |
| October 28 | 1:00 p.m. | at No. 25 Delaware | | Delaware StadiumNewark, DE | W 49–35 | 22,136 |
| November 4 | 1:00 p.m. | William & Mary | No. 21 | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | L 28–29 | 2,465 |
| November 11 | 1:00 p.m. | at No. 25 Richmond | | University of Richmond StadiumRichmond, VA | W 31–7 | 5,150 |
| November 18 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 7 James Madison | No. 24 | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | L 3–38 | 4,533 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||
# Mont Collon

Mont Collon (3,637 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. Its glaciated north face dominates the view south from the village of Arolla.
The ascent over the West Ridge, first made by A. Cust and Frederick Gardiner with the guides Peter Knubel and Johannes Knubel of St. Niklaus in the canton Valais on 3 August 1876, is now the normal route.
# Gwen Howard

Gwen E. Howard (born 1945) is a politician from the U.S. state of Nebraska. She served two terms in the Nebraska Legislature, from 2005 to 2013, representing an Omaha district.
Howard was born Gwen E. Middaugh, on June 24, 1945, in Douglas County, Nebraska. She graduated from Omaha Benson High School in 1963. In 1967, she received a degree in sociology and psychology from Midland Lutheran College; in 1974, a master's degree in social work from the University of Nebraska Omaha. She married David Howard, who was killed in a car accident in 1981; and had two daughters, Carrie Howard and Sara Howard. She worked as a social worker and adoption specialist.
In 2004, Howard ran for the Nebraska Legislature from the 9th District, consisting of a portion of midtown Omaha. Incumbent Chip Maxwell, a member of the Republican Party, had decided to run for the Douglas County Board of Commissioners rather than seeking re-election. In the nonpartisan primary, Democrat Howard received 43% of the vote; Republican Scott Knudsen, a Republican mortgage banker who had unsuccessfully run for the seat in 2000, received 32%; and R. Anthony Metz received 25%. As the top two vote-getters, Howard and Knudsen moved on to the general election, in which Howard won the seat, with 56.7% of the vote to Knudsen's 43.3%.
In 2008, Howard ran unopposed for re-election to her seat in the Legislature.
During her legislative career, Howard served as vice-chairperson of the Education Committee and the Committee on Committees; she also sat on the Health and Human Services Committee and the Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee, and as one of Nebraska's seven commissioners in the interstate Education Commission of the States.
Nebraska's term-limits law left Howard ineligible to run for a third consecutive term in the Legislature in 2012. She ran for the 2nd District seat in the U.S. Congress, held by Republican Lee Terry. In the Democratic primary, she lost to Douglas County treasurer John Ewing, taking 38% of the vote to Ewing's 62%. Ewing lost the general election, with 49.2% of the vote to incumbent Terry's 50.8%. Meanwhile, Howard's daughter, Sara Howard, ran for the seat that Howard was vacating. Sara, a Democrat, came in first in the three-way nonpartisan primary, and defeated Republican Erica Fish in the general election.
In 2014, Howard was elected to an at-large seat on the Metropolitan Utilities District (MUD) board. MUD is a publicly owned utility that provides water and natural gas to the Omaha metropolitan area.
# Alison Young (legal scholar)

Alison L. Young is a British legal scholar, specialising in public law and constitutional theory. Since January 2018, she has been Sir David Williams Professor of Public Law at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge. She was previously a tutor in law and Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford (1997–2000) and of Hertford College, Oxford (2000–2017), and a lecturer then Professor of Public Law in the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford.
Young grew up on a council estate. She studied law and French at the University of Birmingham, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree. She then matriculated into Hertford College, Oxford to undertake postgraduate studies in law, and graduated from the University of Oxford with Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) and Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degrees.
She was a runner up for the Inner Temple Book Prize 2018 for her monograph Democratic Dialogue and the Constitution (2017).
Since March 2024, Young has served as the Law Commissioner for Public Law and the Law in Wales.

## Selected works

* Young, Alison (2008). Parliamentary sovereignty and the Human Rights Act. London: Hart Publishing. ISBN 9781841138305.
* Rawlings, Richard; Leyland, Peter; Young, Alison, eds. (2013). Sovereignty and the law: domestic, European, and international perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199684069.
* Young, Alison L. (2017). Democratic dialogue and the constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198783749.
* Elliott, Mark; Williams, Jack; Young, Alison L., eds. (2018). The UK constitution after Miller: Brexit and beyond. London: Hart Publishing. ISBN 9781509916412.
# Cristina Ali Farah

Ubah Cristina Ali Farah (born 1973 in Verona, Italy) is an Italian writer of Somali and Italian origin.

## Biography

Born in Italy to a Somali father and an Italian mother, Farah grew up in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. She attended an Italian school there until the Somalia Civil War broke out in 1991.
Farah and her family subsequently relocated to Pécs, Hungary, but then later moved back to her birthplace, Verona, Italy. There, she obtained an Italian Lettere University degree at La Sapienza University in Rome, since 2013 she resides in Brussels (Belgium).

## Literary career

Ubah Cristina Ali Farah is a Somali Italian poet, novelist, playwright, librettist and oral performer. She has published three novels, Madre piccola (Little mother); Il comandante del fiume (The commander of the river); and Le stazioni della luna (The stations of the moon). In 2011, Indiana University Press published Madre piccola, translated by Giovanna Bellesia. She holds a Ph.D. in African Studies and has been invited to present her work in numerous countries worldwide. She is the recipient of the Lingua Madre and Vittorini Prizes. She participated in the University of Iowa’s International Writing Program (2017), in the MEET (Maison des Écrivains Étrangers et des Traducteurs) and Art Omi Residencies (2018). She has been a Civitella Ranieri Foundation Fellow and La Marelle Writer in residence in 2019. Recently she worked on a rewriting of the Antigone and on a libretto taken from found stories in Matera. She has just taken up an artist-in-residence fellowship at Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Studies for the first semester 2020.
In addition to her fictional works, Farah has also published a book on the history, rise, and common themes of Somali folk theatre from 1940 to 1990.
In November 2020 Meet Editions will publish a bilingual (French and Italian) collection of her short stories. She is working with Belgian artist and illustrator Goele Dewanckel on a Serigraphic book to be published next year by Else Edizioni.
She is currently a UNDP consultant for a project on Oral Historiography for Peace Building in Somalia.
# Buchwieser

Buchwieser is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bruno Buchwieser [Wikidata], Austrian architect
* Cathinka Buchwieser (1789–1828), German soprano and actress
* Martin Buchwieser (born 1989), German ice hockey player
# 2006 Villanova Wildcats football team

The 2006 Villanova Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the Villanova University as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference during the 2006 NCAA Division I FCS football season. In their 22nd year under head coach Andy Talley, the team compiled a 6–5 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 2 | 6:00 p.m. | at UCF* | Citrus BowlOrlando, FL | | L 16–35 | 29,398 |
| September 9 | | Lehigh* | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | | L 28–31 | 9,219 |
| September 16 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 9 UMass | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | CN8 | L 21–31 | 10,887 |
| September 23 | 7:00 p.m. | at Penn* | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | CN8 | W 27–20 | 22,499 |
| October 7 | | at Hofstra | James M. Shuart StadiumHempstead, NY | | W 20–16 | 7,233 |
| October 14 | | at No. 23 Maine | Alfond StadiumOrono, ME | | L 7–20 | 6,658 |
| October 21 | | at Towson | Johnny Unitas StadiumTowson, MD | | L 13–21 | 8,111 |
| October 28 | 1:00 p.m. | at William & Mary | Zable StadiumWilliamsburg, VA | | W 35–31 | 10,629 |
| November 4 | 6:00 p.m. | No. 15 Richmond | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | | W 31–21 | 5,851 |
| November 11 | 1:00 p.m. | James Madison | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | | W 21–20 | 7,751 |
| November 18 | 1:00 p.m. | at Delaware | Delaware StadiumNewark, DE (rivalry) | CN8 | W 28–27 | 21,894 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||