# List of web browsers

The following is a list of web browsers that are notable.

## Historical

This is a table of personal computer web browsers by year of release of major version. The increased growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s means that current browsers with small market shares have more total users than the entire market early on. For example, 90% market share in 1997 would be roughly 60 million users, but by the start of 2007 9% market share would equate to over 90 million users.
| Year | Web browsers |
| 1990 | WorldWideWeb (Nexus) |
| 1991 | Line Mode Browser |
| 1992 | Erwise, MacWWW (Samba), MidasWWW, ViolaWWW |
| 1993 | AMosaic 1.0, Arena, Cello, Lynx 2.0, Mosaic |
| 1994 | Agora (Argo), IBM WebExplorer, IBrowse, MacWeb, Minuet, Netscape Navigator, SlipKnot 1.0 |
| 1995 | Grail, Internet Explorer 1, Internet Explorer 2, Netscape Navigator 2.0, OmniWeb, UdiWWW, |
| 1996 | Amaya 0.9, Arachne 1.0, AWeb, Cyberdog, Internet Explorer 3.0, Netscape Navigator 3.0, Opera 2.0, PowerBrowser 1.5, Voyager |
| 1997 | Amaya 1.0, Internet Explorer 4.0, Netscape Navigator 4.0, Netscape Communicator 4.0, Opera 3.0 |
| 1998 | iCab, Mozilla |
| 1999 | Amaya 2.0, Mozilla M3, Internet Explorer 5.0 |
| 2000 | Amaya 3.0, Amaya 4.0, K-Meleon 0.2, Konqueror, Netscape 6, Opera 4, Opera 5, |
| 2001 | Amaya 5.0, Internet Explorer 6, Galeon 1.0, Opera 6, |
| 2002 | Amaya 6.0, Amaya 7.0,Phoenix 0.1, Netscape 7, Mozilla 1.0, Links 2.0 |
| 2003 | Amaya 8.0, Epiphany 1.0, Opera 7, Apple Safari 1.0, |
| 2004 | Firefox 1.0, Netscape Browser, OmniWeb 5.0 |
| 2005 | Amaya 9.0, AOL Explorer 1.0, Epiphany 1.8, Maxthon 1.0, Netscape Browser 8.0, Opera 8, Apple Safari 2.0, Shiira 1.0 |
| 2006 | Camino 1.0, Galeon 2.0, iCab 3, K-Meleon 1.0, Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9,, SeaMonkey 1.0 |
| 2007 | Conkeror, Flock 1.0, Apple Safari 3.0, Netscape Navigator 9, NetSurf 1.0 |
| 2008 | Google Chrome 1, Maxthon 2.0, Mozilla Firefox 3, Opera 9.5,, Apple Safari 3.1, Konqueror 4, Amaya 10.0, Flock 2, Amaya 11.0 |
| 2009 | Google Chrome 2–3, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Internet Explorer 8, Opera 10,, Apple Safari 4, SeaMonkey 2, Camino 2, surf, Pale Moon 3.0 |
| 2010 | Google Chrome 4–8, Mozilla Firefox 3.6, Opera 10.50,, Opera 11, Apple Safari 5, K-Meleon 1.5.4, xxxterm |
| 2011 | Google Chrome 9–16, Mozilla Firefox 4–9, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.50, Apple Safari 5.1, Maxthon 3.0, SeaMonkey 2.1–2.6 |
| 2012 | Google Chrome 17–23, Mozilla Firefox 10–17, Internet Explorer 10, Opera 12, Apple Safari 6, Maxthon 4.0, SeaMonkey 2.7–2.14 |
| 2013 | Google Chrome 24–31, Mozilla Firefox 18–26, Internet Explorer 11, Opera 15–18, Pale Moon 15.4–24.2.2, Apple Safari 7, SeaMonkey 2.15–2.23 |
| 2014 | Google Chrome 32–39, Mozilla Firefox 27–34, Opera 19–26, Pale Moon 24.3.0–25.1.0, Apple Safari 8, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30 |
| 2015 | Google Chrome 40–47, Microsoft Edge [Legacy], Mozilla Firefox 35–43, Opera 27–34, Pale Moon 25.2.0–25.8.1, Vivaldi |
| 2016 | Google Chrome 48–55, Mozilla Firefox 44–50, Microsoft Edge 14, Opera 35–42, Pale Moon 26.0.0–27.0.3, Apple Safari 9–10, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30 |
| 2017 | Google Chrome 56–60, Microsoft Edge 15, Mozilla Firefox 51–55.0.2, Opera 43–45, Opera Neon, Pale Moon 27.1.0–27.6.2, Safari 10–11 |
| 2018 | Chrome 64–71, Firefox 58–64, Microsoft Edge 42–44, Opera 50–57, Pale Moon 27.7.0–28.2.2, Safari 11–12, Vivaldi 1.14–2.2 |
| 2019 | Chrome 72–79, Firefox 65–71, Microsoft Edge, Opera 58–65, Pale Moon 28.3.0–28.8.0, Safari 12–13, SeaMonkey, Vivaldi 2.2–2.10, Yandex.browser |
| 2020 | Chrome 80–87, Firefox 72–84, Microsoft [New] Edge, Opera 66–73, Pale Moon 28.8.1–28.17.0, Safari 13–14, SeaMonkey, Vivaldi 2.10–3.5, Yandex.browser |
| 2021 | Chrome 88–96, Firefox 85–95, Microsoft Edge 88–96, Opera 74–82, Pale Moon 29.0.0–29.4.3, Safari 15, Vivaldi 3.6–5.0 |
| 2022 | Chrome 97–107, Firefox 96–107, Microsoft Edge 97–107, Opera 83–93, Pale Moon 29.4.4-31.4.2, Safari 15.4–16.2, Vivaldi 5.1–5.6 |
| 2023 | Chrome 108–120.0.6099.129, Firefox 108–121.0, Microsoft Edge 108–120.0.2210.61, Opera 94–106.0.4998.19, Pale Moon 31.4.3-32.5.2, Safari 16.3–17.2, Vivaldi 5.7–6.5, Arc 1.10-1.21.0 |
| 2024 | Chrome 120–Current, Firefox 122–Current, Microsoft Edge 121–Current, Opera 106-Current, Pale Moon 33-Current, Safari 17.3–Current, Vivaldi 6.6-Current, Arc 1.21.1-Current, Ecosia Browser 1.0.0.31–Current |

## Layout engines

* Gecko is developed by the Mozilla Foundation.
** Goanna is a fork of Gecko developed by Moonchild Productions.
* Servo is an experimental web browser layout engine being developed cooperatively by Mozilla and Samsung. In 2020 the engine's development was transferred to the Linux Foundation.
* Presto was developed by Opera Software for use in Opera. Development stopped as Opera transitioned to Blink.
* Trident is developed by Microsoft for use in the Windows versions of Internet Explorer 4 to Internet Explorer 11.
** EdgeHTML is the engine developed by Microsoft for Edge [Legacy]. It is a largely rewritten fork of Trident with all legacy code removed.
* Tasman was developed by Microsoft for use in Internet Explorer 5 for Macintosh.
* KHTML was developed by the KDE project but has since been discontinued.
** WebKit is a fork of KHTML by Apple Inc. used in Apple Safari, and formerly in Chromium and Google Chrome.
*** Blink is a 2013 fork of WebKit's WebCore component by Google used in Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera, and Vivaldi.

## Graphical

Current and maintained projects are listed in boldface.

### Trident shells

Other software publishers have built browsers and other products around Microsoft's Trident engine. The following browsers are all based on that rendering engine:
* 360 Secure Browser
* AOL Explorer
* Deepnet Explorer
* GreenBrowser
* Internet Explorer
* MediaBrowser
* MSN Explorer
* NeoPlanet
* NetCaptor
* QQ Browser

### Gecko-based

* Camino for Mac OS X (formerly Chimera)
* Conkeror, (keyboard-driven browser)
* Galeon, (GNOME's old default browser)
* K-Meleon (Windows)
** K-MeleonCCF ME (for Windows based on K-Meleon core, mostly written in Lua)
** K-Ninja (for Windows based on K-Meleon)
* MicroB (for Maemo)
* Minimo (for mobile)
* Mozilla Firefox (formerly Firebird and Phoenix, developed by the Mozilla foundation)
** AT&T Pogo (based on Firefox)
** Cliqz (Firefox fork)
** CometBird (an optimized fork of Firefox allowing video downloads)
** Comodo IceDragon (Firefox-based web browser for Windows with privacy and performance enhancements developed by Comodo)
** Flock (was based on Firefox until version 2.6.1, and based on Chromium thereafter)
** Floorp (based on Firefox with increased customization options)
** Iceweasel (Debian's Firefox rebrand)
*** Swiftweasel (processor-optimised builds based on Iceweasel)
** GNU IceCat (GNU's fork of Firefox)
** LibreWolf
** Netscape Browser 8 to Netscape Navigator 9 (discontinued)
** TenFourFox (Firefox port to PowerPC versions of Mac OS X)
** Timberwolf (AmigaOS' Firefox rebrand)
** Tor Browser (privacy enabled browser)
*** Mullvad Browser (based on Tor Browser)
** Swiftfox (processor-optimised builds based on Firefox)
** Waterfox (Firefox-based web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux)
** xB Browser (formerly XeroBank Browser and Torpark), portable browser for anonymous browsing, originally based on Firefox
** Zen Browser
* Firefox for Android (codenamed Fennec)
* Mozilla Application Suite
** Beonex Communicator (separate branch, based on Mozilla Application Suite)
** Classilla (an updated fork of the Suite to Mac OS 9)
** Gnuzilla (GNU's fork)
** Netscape (Netscape 6 to 7, based on Mozilla)
** SeaMonkey (successor to Mozilla Application Suite)
*** Iceape (Debian's Seamonkey rebrand)
* Skyfire (for mobile)
* SlimBrowser
* Yahoo! Browser (or partnership browsers e.g. "AT&T Yahoo! Browser"; "Verizon Yahoo! Browser"; "BT Yahoo! Browser", etc.)

### Goanna-based

* Basilisk – similar to Pale Moon, but with the interface of Firefox 29–56 and a few other differences
* K-Meleon – starting from version 77 (2019)
* Pale Moon – a fork of Firefox that maintains support for XUL/XPCOM extensions and retains the user interface of the Firefox 4–28 era

### Gecko- and Trident-based

Browsers that use both Trident and Gecko include:
* K-Meleon with the IE Tab extension
* Mozilla Firefox with the IE Tab extension
* Netscape Browser 8

### Webkit- and Trident-based

* GNOME Web
* Maxthon (up until version 4.2)
* QQ browser

### Blink- and Trident-based

* Baidu Browser
* Maxthon (since version 4.2)
* Microsoft Edge

### Gecko-, Trident-, and Blink-based

Browsers that can use Trident, Gecko and Blink include:
* Lunascape

### KHTML-based

* Konqueror
* Konqueror Embedded

### Presto-based

* Internet Channel (for Wii console, Opera-based)
* Nintendo DS Browser (Opera-based)
* Opera (for releases up until 12.18)

### WebKit-based

| Status | Browser |
| | Aloha Browser (iOS and Android) |
| experimental | Amazon Kindle NetFront Browser |
| discontinued | Arora |
| discontinued | BOLT browser |
| | Google Chrome for iOS |
| | Dolphin Browser (Android and Bada) |
| discontinued | Dooble (qtwebkit version discontinued) (up to Version 1.56) |
| | DuckDuckGo for iOS and macOS |
| | Firefox for iOS |
| discontinued | Flock (version 3.0 and above) |
| | GNOME Web (Epiphany) |
| | iCab (version 4 uses WebKit; earlier versions used its own rendering engine) |
| discontinued | Iris Browser |
| | Konqueror (version 4 can use WebKit as an alternative to its native KHTML) |
| | Maxthon (version 3.0 to 5.0. Since version 6 Maxthon uses Chromium) |
| | Midori (versions released after acquisition in 2019 use Gecko) |
| | Microsoft Edge for iOS |
| | Nintendo 3DS NetFront Browser |
| | Nintendo Wii U NetFront Browser NX |
| discontinued | OmniWeb |
| | Otter Browser (uses Blink and WebKit; aims to recreate the features of old Opera) |
| discontinued | OWB |
| discontinued | QtWeb |
| | qutebrowser (a Blink-based backend is currently used by default) |
| discontinued | Rekonq |
| | Safari |
| discontinued | PhantomJS (a headless browser) |
| discontinued | Shiira |
| | SlimBoat (versions released since 2019 use Gecko) |
| discontinued | Steel for Android |
| | surf |
| discontinued | Uzbl |
| discontinued | Web Browser for S60, used in all Nokia Symbian smartphones |
| discontinued | webOS, used in the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, Pre 2, HP Veer, Pre 3, and TouchPad mobile devices |
| | WebPositive, browser in Haiku |
| discontinued | xombrero |

### Blink-based

* Chromium
** Amazon Silk
** Arc
** Avast Secure Browser
** Beaker
** Brave
** Cốc Cốc
** Comodo Dragon
** Epic
** Google Chrome (based on Blink since Chrome v. 28)
** JioPages
** Microsoft Edge
** NAVER Whale
** DuckDuckGo for Android and Windows
** Opera
** Opera GX
** Puffin Browser
** qutebrowser (Blink backend mostly stable)
** Redcore
** Rockmelt
** SalamWeb
** Sleipnir
** SRWare Iron
** Torch
** Ungoogled-chromium
** Vivaldi
** Yandex Browser
* Qt WebEngine
** Dooble (from Version 2.2)
** Falkon

### EdgeHTML-based

* Microsoft Edge [Legacy]

### For Java platform

* BOLT Browser
* HotJava
* Opera Mini (only the Android version is actively developed as of 2022)
* ThunderHawk

### Specialty browsers

Browsers created for enhancements of specific browsing activities.

#### Current

* ZAC Browser (for children with autism, autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), and PDD-NOS)

#### Discontinued

* Flock (to enhance social networking, blogging, photo-sharing, and RSS news-reading)
* Ghostzilla (blends into the GUI to hide activity)
* Gollum browser (created specially for browsing Wikipedia)
* Kirix Strata (designed for data analytics)
* Miro (a media browser that integrates a BitTorrent addon)
* Nightingale (open source audio player and web browser based on the Songbird (see below) media player source code)
* Prodigy Classic (executable only within the application)
* Rockmelt (designed to combine web browsing, and social activities such as Facebook and Twitter into a unified one window experience)
* Songbird (browser with advanced audio streaming features and built-in media player with library)
* SpaceTime (search the web in 3D)

### Mosaic-based

Mosaic was the first widely used web browser. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) licensed the technology and many companies built their own web browser on Mosaic. The best known are the first versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape.
* AMosaic
* IBM WebExplorer
* Internet Explorer 1.x
* Internet in a Box
* Mosaic-CK
* Netscape
* Spyglass Mosaic
* VMS Mosaic

### Others

* Abaco (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Linux)
* Amaya
* Arachne (for DOS and Linux)
* Arena
* Ariadna (AMSD Ariadna) (first Russian web browser)
* AWeb (AmigaOS)
* Baidu Mobile Browser
* Charon (for Inferno)
* Dillo (for lower-end computers)
* DR-WebSpyder (for DOS)
* Embrowser (for DOS)
* Flow browser
* Gazelle (from Microsoft Research, OS-like)
* IBrowse (for AmigaOS)
* Ladybird (from SerenityOS)
* Mothra (for Plan 9 from Bell Labs)
* NetPositive (for BeOS)
* NetSurf (an open source web browser originally for RISC OS and GTK, e.g. Linux, Windows and more platforms, written in C)
* Phoenix, a browser based on tkWWW
* Planetweb browser (for Dreamcast)
* Qihoo 360 mobile browsers
* tkWWW, based on Tcl
* Voyager (for AmigaOS)

### Mobile browsers

* Amazon Silk
* Apple Safari
* Arc
* Brave
* Dolphin browser
* Firefox Focus
* Google Chrome
* Microsoft Edge
* Mozilla Firefox
* Opera Mobile
* Puffin Browser
* QQ browser
* Samsung Internet
* UC Browser
* Vivaldi

## Text-based

* Emacs/W3
* EWW
* Line Mode Browser
* Links
** ELinks
* Lynx
* w3m