# Rashtriya Janata Dal

The Rashtriya Janata Dal (abbreviated as RJD; translation: National People's Party) is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.
The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 105 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.

## History
### Formation

On 5 July 1997, Pappu Yadav, Raghuvansh Prasad Singh, Mohammad Shahabuddin, Abdul Bari Siddiqui, Kanti Singh, Mohammed Taslimuddin and Md Ali Ashraf Fatmi along with seventeen Lok Sabha MPs and eight Rajya Sabha MPs along with supporters gathered at New Delhi formed the new political party, Rashtriya Janata Dal. It was formed as breakaway of Janata Dal. Lalu Prasad was elected as the first president of RJD. It is a centre-left party.
In the March 1998 national elections, RJD won 17 Lok Sabha seats from Bihar but failed to make significant headway in any other state. Later that year, the party formed an alliance with Mulayam Singh Yadav's Samajwadi Party as an anti-Bharatiya Janata Party secular coalition but the coalition failed in garnering any widespread support.

### In UPA

In the October 1999 elections, RJD fought the election in alliance with Indian National Congress but lost 10 Lok Sabha seats including the seat of Lalu Prasad Yadav.
In the 2000 state elections, however, it performed well, winning a majority of the seats in the state assembly in Bihar. Continuing its upswing in electoral fortunes, the party won 24 Lok Sabha seats in the 2004 elections that it fought in alliance with Indian National Congress. It was a part of Indian National Congress led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) from 2004 - May 2009, wherein Lalu Yadav held the position of the Minister of Railways.
In February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election RJD won only 75 seats and lost the power. In the state elections held later that year – as a result of no party being able to form a government and RJD continued its downward slide winning only 54 seats.
In 2009 Indian general election, the RJD broke its alliance from UPA when seat sharing talks failed. RJD formed its alliance with Ram Vilas Paswan's Lok Janshakti Party and Mulayam Singh Yadav's Samajwadi Party what the media has dubbed the "Fourth Front". RJD performed poorly and won just four seats, all of them in Bihar. However, in 2010 Assembly election, the RJD did not continue their alliance with Samajwadi Party.
In the 2014 Indian general election, RJD came back to UPA and contested election in alliance with Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party in Bihar. Out of 40 seats in Bihar, RJD will contest on 27 seats, INC on 12 and NCP on one. RJD won only four out of total forty Loksabha seats in Bihar.

## Organisation

The party leadership consists of the following bodies.

### National President

Lalu Prasad Yadav is the National President of RJD.

### National Vice President

The national vice president members of the party Mangani Lal Mandal, Mohammad Ilyas Hussain, Ahmed Ashfaq Karim, Rabri Devi, Raghuvansh Prasad Singh, Shivanand Tiwary and Mehboob Ali Kaiser
National Secretary general: Abdul Bari Siddiqui.
National Treasurer: Sunil Kumar Singh

### National Executive Committee

The national executive members of the party Lalu Prasad Yadav, Tejashwi Yadav, Tej Pratap Yadav, Misa Bharti, Prem Chandra Gupta, Manoj Jha, Abdul Bari Siddiqui and Ram Chandra Purve.

## The Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance) in Bihar

On 14 April 2015, the RJD, Janata Dal (United), Janata Dal (Secular), the Indian National Lok Dal, Samajwadi Party, and Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) announced that they would merge into a new national Janata Parivar alliance in order to oppose the BJP, thus breaking their long time alliance with the INC. This would give the alliance 14 Lok Sabha seats and 30 Rajya Sabha seats.
On 7 May 2015, the RJD expelled Pappu Yadav for six years due to anti-RJD activities after speculation rose that he may join the Biju Janata Dal for the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election but he formed a new party called Jan Adhikar Party.
In November 2015, RJD won the elections as party became the single largest party with 80 followed by Janata Dal (United) with 71 seats, BJP with 53 seats and Congress with 27 seats. In terms of vote share, BJP came first with 24.4%, followed by RJD with 18.4% and JD (U) with 16.8% and Congress got 6.7%. Janata Dal (United)'s Nitish Kumar became the Chief Minister and Lalu's son Tejashwi Yadav became the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar.
In July 2017, following the corruption cases against Tejashwi Yadav, Nitish Kumar asked Yadav to resign from the cabinet, which was refused by RJD. In order to protect his clean image towards corruption, Nitish Kumar resigned on 26 July 2017, ending RJD's stake in Bihar government. What followed next was a coalition BJP and JDU as a result Nitish Kumar became the Chief Minister again whereas Sushil Modi, a prominent BJP leader became the Deputy Chief Minister.
Alliance between Indian National Congress and the RJD factioned in October 2021, when Tejashwi gave tickets to candidates in Bihar By-elections, where Congress was fixed to stand candidates.
In August 2022, the Mahagathbandhan, Janata Dal (United), Indian National Congress, Hindustan Awam Morcha and Left Front joined again to form 2/3rd Majority government in Bihar Legislative Assembly.
In January 2024, Nitish Kumar left the Mahagathbandhan once again and joined hands with the BJP. He later became the chief minister once again.

## Controversies and criticism

Mohammad Shahabuddin, a leader of RJD, has been involved in several criminal cases. Shahabuddin has been accused of several murders, be it of political rivals, or police officers. Shahabuddin, through his lawyers, attempted to also intimidate the legal proceedings, which led to more criminal cases against him.
During Lalu Prasad Yadav's tenure as Chief Minister, Bihar's law and order was at lowest, kidnapping was on rise and private armies mushroomed. He was also criticized by opposition in the Shilpi-Gautam Murder case and the death of his daughter Ragini Yadav's friend, Abhishek Mishra, in mysterious circumstances.
An investigation into the land-for-jobs scam has implicated Lalu Prasad, along with both of his sons, as well as his wife Rabri Devi and his daughter, in addition to their involvement in other corruption scandals. Tejashwi Yadav allegedly threatened Central Bureau of Investigation agents who were investigating him in another corruption case.

## Electoral performance
### Lok Sabha elections

| Lok Sabha Term | Indian General election | Seats contested | Seats won | Votes Polled | % of votes | State (seats) |
| 13th Lok Sabha | 1999 | 61 | 7 | 10,150,492 | 2.79 | Bihar (7) |
| 14th Lok Sabha | 2004 | 42 | 24 | 9,384,147 | 2.4 | Bihar (22) Jharkhand (2) |
| 15th Lok Sabha | 2009 | 44 | 4 | 5,280,084 | 1.3 | Bihar (4) |
| 16th Lok Sabha | 2014 | 30 | 4 | 7,442,313 | 1.4 | Bihar (4) |
| 17th Lok Sabha | 2019 | 21 | 0 | 6,631,585 | 1.1 | N/A |
| 18th Lok Sabha | 2024 | 23 | 4 | 10,107,402 | 1.57 | Bihar (4) |

### Bihar Vidhan Sabha (Lower House) Election

| Vidhan Sabha Term | Assembly Elections | Seats Contested | Seats Won | % of votes | % of votes in seats contested | Party Votes |
| 11th Vidhan Sabha | 2000 | 293 | 124 | 28.34 | 31.28 | 10,500,361 |
| 12th Vidhan Sabha | 2005 February | 210 | 71 | 25.07 | 28.35 | 6,140,223 |
| 13th Vidhan Sabha | 2005 October | 175 | 54 | 23.45 | 32.63 | 5,525,081 |
| 14th Vidhan Sabha | 2010 | 168 | 22 | 18.84 | 27.31 | 5,475,656 |
| 15th Vidhan Sabha | 2015 | 101 | 80 | 18.4 | 44.35 | 6,995,509 |
| 16th Vidhan Sabha | 2020 | 144 | 75 | 23.11 | 38.96 | 9,738,855 |

### Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha Election

| Vidhan Sabha Term | Jharkhand Assembly Elections | Seats Contested | Seats Won | % of votes | Party Votes |
| 2nd Vidhan Sabha | 2005 | 51 | 7 | 8.48 | |
| 3rd Vidhan Sabha | 2009 | 56 | 5 | 5.03 | 517,324 |
| 4th Vidhan Sabha | 2014 | 19 | 0 | 3.13 | 133,815 |
| 5th Vidhan Sabha | 2019 | 7 | 1 | 2.75 | 413,167 |
| 6th Vidhan Sabha | 2024 | 7 | 4 | 3.44 | 613,880 |

## List of chief ministers
### Chief ministers

| No. | Name | Term in office | Term in office | Term in office | Party | Assembly (Election) |
| 1 | Lalu Prasad Yadav | 10 March 1990 | 28 March 1995 | 5 years, 18 days | Janata Dal | Tenth Assembly |
| 2 | Lalu Prasad Yadav | 4 April 1995 | 25 July 1997 | 2 years, 112 days | Janata Dal | Eleventh Assembly |
| 3 | Rabri Devi | 25 July 1997 | 11 February 1999 | 1 year, 201 days | Rashtriya Janata Dal | Eleventh Assembly |
| 4 | Rabri Devi | 9 March 1999 | 2 March 2000 | 359 days | Rashtriya Janata Dal | Eleventh Assembly |
| 5 | Rabri Devi | 11 March 2000 | 6 March 2005 | 4 years, 360 days | Rashtriya Janata Dal | Twelfth Assembly |

### Deputy chief ministers

| No. | Name | Term in office | Term in office | Term in office | Assembly (Election) | Assembly (Election) |
| 1. | Tejashwi Yadav | 26 November 2015 | 26 July 2017 | 1 year, 244 days | 17th Bihar Assembly |
| 2. | Tejashwi Yadav | 10 August 2022 | 28 January 2024 | 1 year, 171 days | 18th Bihar Assembly |

## List of central ministers

| No. | Portfolio | Name (Birth–Death) | Assumed office | Left office | Duration | Constituency (House) | Prime Minister | Prime Minister |
| 1 | Minister of Railways | Lalu Prasad Yadav (born 1948) | 23 May 2004 | 22 May 2009 | 4 years, 364 days | Chapra (Lok Sabha) | Prime Minister | Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
| 2 | Minister of Company Affairs [MoS(I/C)] | Prem Chand Gupta (born 1950) | 23 May 2004 | 29 Jan 2006 | 1 year, 251 days | Bihar (Rajya Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 2 | Minister of Company Affairs | Prem Chand Gupta (born 1950) | 29 Jan 2006 | 9 May 2007 | 1 year, 100 days | Bihar (Rajya Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 2 | Minister of Corporate Affairs | Prem Chand Gupta (born 1950) | 9 May 2007 | 22 May 2009 | 2 years, 13 days | Bihar (Rajya Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 3 | Minister of Rural Development | Raghuvansh Prasad Singh (1946–2020) | 23 May 2004 | 22 May 2009 | 4 years, 364 days | Vaishali (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 4 | Minister of Agriculture (MoS) | Akhilesh Prasad Singh (born 1962) | 23 May 2004 | 22 May 2009 | 4 years, 364 days | Motihari (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 4 | Minister of Food and Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs & Public Distribution (MoS) | Akhilesh Prasad Singh (born 1962) | 23 May 2004 | 22 May 2009 | 4 years, 364 days | Motihari (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 5 | Minister of Water Resources (MoS) | Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav (born 1954) | 23 May 2004 | 6 Nov 2005 | 1 year, 167 days | Monghyr (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 5 | Minister of Water Resources (MoS) | Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav (born 1954) | 24 Oct 2006 | 22 May 2009 | 2 years, 210 days | Monghyr (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 6 | Minister of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises (MoS) | Kanti Singh (born 1957) | 29 Jan 2006 | 6 Apr 2008 | 2 years, 68 days | Arrah (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 6 | Minister of Human Resource Development (MoS) | Kanti Singh (born 1957) | 23 May 2004 | 29 Jan 2006 | 1 year, 251 days | Arrah (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 6 | Minister of Tourism (MoS) | Kanti Singh (born 1957) | 6 Apr 2008 | 22 May 2009 | 1 year, 46 days | Arrah (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 6 | Minister of Culture (MoS) | Kanti Singh (born 1957) | 6 Apr 2008 | 22 May 2009 | 1 year, 46 days | Arrah (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 7 | Minister of Human Resource Development (MoS) | Mohammad Ali Ashraf Fatmi (born 1956) | 23 May 2004 | 22 May 2009 | 4 years, 364 days | Darbhanga (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 8 | Minister of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises (MoS) | Mohammed Taslimuddin (1943–2017) | 23 May 2004 | 25 May 2004 | 2 days | Kishanganj (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 8 | Minister of Agriculture (MoS) | Mohammed Taslimuddin (1943–2017) | 25 May 2004 | 22 May 2009 | 4 years, 362 days | Kishanganj (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |
| 8 | Minister of Food and Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs & Public Distribution (MoS) | Mohammed Taslimuddin (1943–2017) | 25 May 2004 | 22 May 2009 | 4 years, 362 days | Kishanganj (Lok Sabha) | | | Manmohan Singh |

## Prominent members

* Raghuvansh Prasad Singh, close aide of Lalu Prasad Yadav, RJD Co-founder and Union Minister for Rural Development.
* Raghunath Jha, close aide of Lalu Prasad Yadav, RJD Co-founder and Union Minister. Responsible for start of Lalu Raj in Bihar.
* Md Ali Ashraf Fatmi, close aide of Lalu Prasad Yadav, RJD Co-founder and ex- Union Minister for Human Resource Development, Four time member of parliament.
* Abdul Bari Siddiqui, close associate of Lalu Prasad Yadav former Leader of Leader of Opposition following the 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election until the split between JD(U) and BJP and former Finance Minister Govt. of Bihar. Former Bihar RJD President.
* Alok Kumar Mehta, National General Secretary of Rashtriya Janata Dal.
* Mohammad Shahabuddin He was a former Member of Parliament from the Siwan constituency in the state of Bihar, former National Vice President and a former member of the National Executive Committee of the RJD,close associate of Lalu Prasad Yadav.
* Prem Kumar Mani, Vice President and Strategist of RJD.
* Jagada Nand Singh, State President of RJD for Bihar.
* Dr Tanweer Hassan, Senior Vice President RJD Bihar, Former Member Bihar Legislative Council.
* Shivchandra Ram, former Member of legislative Assembly.
* Ram Chandra Purve is a member of the Bihar Legislative Council. Former state president of RJD.
* Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav General Secretary, RJD. Former Cabinet Minister Bihar Govt. Former Union Minister, MP.
* Sarfaraz Alam Former Minister Bihar Govt. Former MP Araria.
* Manoj Jha MP Rajya Sabha and National Spokesperson of RJD.
* Prem Chand Gupta MP Rajya Sabha and former cabinet minister in Ministry of Company Affairs of India in First Manmohan Singh ministry.
* Ahmad Ashfaque Karim MP Rajya Sabha.
* Surendra Prasad Yadav senior RJD leader and Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Belaganj.Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.
* K. P. Mohanan, Party head Kerala Legislative Assembly.