OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kansas's 1st Senate district

Kansas's 1st Senate district is one of 40 districts in the Kansas Senate. The district has been represented by Republican Craig Bowser since 2025.

## Geography
### 2012 - 2020

District 1 is based in the northeastern corner of the state, covering all of Atchison, Brown, Doniphan, Jackson, Marshall, Nemaha, and Pottawatomie Counties. Communities in the district include Atchison, Holton, Hiawatha, Sabetha, Seneca, Horton, Wathena, Troy, Elwood, and a small part of Manhattan.
The district overlaps with Kansas's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, and with the 51st, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, and 106th districts of the Kansas House of Representatives. It borders the states of Missouri and Nebraska.

### 2022 - 2030

The district includes all of Atchison, Brown, Doniphan, Jackson, and Nemaha counties, and portions of Jefferson, Leavenworth, and Marshall counties.

## Recent Election Results
### 2024

2024 Kansas Senate election, District 1 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Craig Bowser | 29,530 | 100.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 29,530 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2020

2020 Kansas Senate election, District 1 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dennis Pyle (incumbent) | 25,173 | 71.7 |
| | Democratic | Kirk Miller | 9,914 | 28.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 35,087 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2016

2016 Kansas Senate election, District 1 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dennis Pyle (incumbent) | 18,283 | 58.3 |
| | Democratic | Jerry Henry | 13,076 | 41.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 31,359 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2012

2012 Kansas Senate election, District 1 :
| Primary election |||||
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Dennis Pyle (incumbent) | 6,730 | 66.4 |
| | Republican | Marje Cochren | 3,407 | 33.6 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 10,137 | 100 |
| General election |||||
| | Republican | Dennis Pyle (incumbent) | 15,378 | 50.7 |
| | Democratic | Steve Lukert | 14,982 | 49.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 30,360 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### Federal and statewide results

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2020 | President | Trump 73.3 – 24.4% |
| 2018 | Governor | Kobach 51.8 – 37.2% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 71.0 – 22.7% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 68.2 – 29.4% |
# Jeremy Mackenzie

General Sir Jeremy John George Mackenzie, GCB, OBE, DL (born 11 February 1941) is a retired senior British Army officer who served as Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe from 1994 to 1998.

## Early life

Mackenzie was born on 11 February 1941 in Nairobi, Kenya, the son of Lieutenant Colonel John W.E. Mackenzie of the Seaforth Highlanders. He was educated at the Duke of York School, Nairobi and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.

## Military career

Mackenzie was commissioned into the Queen’s Own Highlanders in July 1961, and posted to the 1st Battalion in Singapore. He took part in putting down the Brunei Rebellion in 1962 and later served in a training capacity with the SAS. He was appointed Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion in 1980. After graduating from the Staff College, Camberley, he was made a Company Commander with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in Northern Ireland and Brigade Major of the 24th Airportable Brigade. He was then second-in-command of the Queen’s Own Highlanders in South Armagh, being obliged to take command when the commanding officer was killed in the Warrenpoint ambush of 1979.
In 1980/1981 he commanded the 1st Battalion Queen's Own Highlanders in Hong Kong and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He then spent a few years as an instructor at the Army Staff College, Camberley and served on the Staff at the Ministry of Defence as a colonel. In 1984 he was promoted brigadier and made Commander of the 12th Armoured Brigade and, from March 1989, Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley. He then was made major general and General Officer Commanding 4th Armoured Division in December 1989, and on 2 December 1991 appointed the last Commander of 1st (British) Corps with the acting rank of lieutenant general. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in December 1991.
In 1992 he formed the Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps and became its first Commander. In 1994 he was promoted full general in 1994 and given the post of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe with special responsibility for the Partnership for Peace Program and the Expansion of NATO, and responsible for coordinating 52,000 troops from 34 nations who moved into Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was also given the colonelcy of the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) from 1994 to 2001.
He was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1999, having previously been awarded the US Legion of Merit twice in 1997 and 1999, the Czech Republic's Cross of Merit First Class, and the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary in 1998. He was also an Aide de Camp General to the Queen from 1992 to 1996, Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from August 1999 to September 2006, and a Deputy Lieutenant of Greater London. He retired from the army in 1999.

## Retirement

In retirement Mackenzie became chairman of UK Gear (a footwear manufacturer), and chairman of AC Cars (a car manufacturer). He also became a director of Blue Hackle (a security business).

## Private life

He married Elizabeth Lyon (née Wertenbaker) and has a son and a daughter.
# The Hamlet (Columbus, Ohio)

The Hamlet is a historic set of buildings in the Weinland Park neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio, USA. It was listed on the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 2013 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
The Hamlet consists of a 16-unit rowhouse on Fifth Avenue and a duplex adjacent to it, on Hamlet Street. The buildings were rehabilitated by a non-profit housing agency to provide affordable housing.
# Valrhona

Valrhona is a French premium chocolate manufacturer based in the small town of Tain-l'Hermitage in Hermitage, a wine-growing district near Lyon. It is now a subsidiary of Savencia Fromage & Dairy. The company was founded in 1922 by a French pastry chef, Albéric Guironnet, from the Rhône valley and has five subsidiaries and 60 local distributors across the globe. It is one of the leading producers of gastronomic chocolate in the world. The company also maintains the École du Grand Chocolat, a school for professional chefs with a focus on chocolate-based dishes and pastries. In 2015 Valrhona opened the École Valrhona Brooklyn, a pastry school in Brooklyn; there are also two Écoles Valrhona in France and one in Japan.
Valrhona focuses mainly on high-grade luxury chocolate marketed for commercial use by chefs as well as for private consumption. The product line includes chocolate confectionery, plain and flavored chocolate bars and bulk chocolate in bars or pellets. Valrhona produces vintage chocolate made from beans of a single year's harvest from a specific plantation, primarily the Grand Crus which is grown in South America, Oceania and the Caribbean. The company has been B Corp–certified since January 2020.
At Valrhona, chocolate is ground to 14/15 μm during the refining phase of chocolate making.
# Yakubu Musa Katsina

Yakubu Musa Katsina (born 1 January 1950) also known as Yakubu Musa Hassan is a renowned Islamic scholar and a member of the founding leaders of one of the largest Islamic organizations in West Africa JIBWIS, where he still serves as the Chairman Board of Trustees.

## Early life and education

Sheikh Yakubu Musa Katsina was born in Gwaram local government of Jigawa State and bred in Kano, Jos, Plateau and Katsina State. He started his early Islamic education under his father. At the age of seven, he was carried by his sister's husband who was also a relative to Kano for the usual Qur'anic education. He stayed in the house of his sister where he learnt the Quran and memorized it. He equally studied some classical Islamic books in Kano. At the time he reached seven years, he already started learning some crafts activities in order to be self-reliant. He already knew the art of pottery from his father as well as metal box making. While in Kano, he learnt fishing and was recognized as a skilled fisherman by his mates.
Later on, he came back to Gwaram. But he stayed not much until he traveled to Jos to further his education with his paternal uncle, Sheik Ibrahim Mushaddadu, a renowned Tijjaniyya Muqaddam. At that period, Sheikh Ibrahim Niass visited Jos, where the young Yakubu Musa established acquaintance with him. In Jos, Yakubu Musa enrolled into Modern Islamiyya school established by The JNI for the training of graduate students of makarantun allo. In that school, Yakubu Musa excelled and was promoted to the secondary school section of the JNI school. He was equally trained as a murshid of the JNI. The same training had influenced his future career as an Islamic propagator.

## Journey from Tijjaniyya to Izala

When Islam got a momentous expansion at Kafanchan, now in Kaduna State, the people of the town requested for teachers and preachers. Yakubu Musa was sent along three others. By then they were all following the Tijjaniyya Sufi order in Kafanchan, the developed schools for both children and adults.
At that moment, the dawah of Sheikh Abubakar Gumi was gaining ground and was aired by the Radio Nigeria Kaduna. His constant criticisms of Sufism were appealing to Yakubu Musa. He then began to make analysis of what were obtained in the Quran and Sunnah of the prophets with what Sheikh Gumi pointed out as negation to Sufism. Hence, Yakubu Musa changed from adhering to Sufism. He then established allegiance with Sheikh Gumi and became a very close student of his. He attended the Arabic Teachers College in Katsina and also went to Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Department Of Legal Studies before later becoming an Islamic cleric in Nigeria.

## Teaching

He founded the Riyadhul Qur’an Islamic School and Sautussunnah Comprehensive Secondary School both in Katsina State.
Being an indegene of Katsina State, a predominantly Muslim city in northern Nigeria, Sheikh Katsina has been seen outspoken in several occasions against corruption and other injustices in the country.

## Honour

In July 2020, Yakubu was listed in "The 500 Muslims" magazine as one of the 500 most influential muslims in the world, by the 2020 edition.
# Choukachou

Choukachou or chouk is a Beninese type of millet beer. It is widely consumed in northern Benin and the city of Parakou is an important centre for brewing. The beer is transported to southern Benin, Cotonou etc. via the railway or road.
# RTL Living

RTL Living is a German pay television channel operated by the RTL Group, launched on 1 December 2006. Its programming consists of television shows about trends, lifestyle, life and travel. On October 1, 2015, RTL Group announced that it was relaunching and redesigning its three pay TV channels RTL Living, RTL Crime and Passion (then RTL Passion) as of November 12, 2015. At the same time, new channel logos will also be introduced for these channels.
As part of Mediengruppe RTL Deutschland’s rebranding effort, RTL Living was rebranded along with RTL Passion and the parent channel RTL on 15 September 2021, by becoming a multi-colourful logo instead of green, pink and the three colours: red, yellow and blue from the parent channel.

## Logos

* 12 September 2007 - 11 November 2015
* 12 November 2015 - 14 September 2021
* 12 November 2015 - 14 September 2021
* since 15 September 2021

## Audience share
### Germany

| | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Annual average |
| 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 2017 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# St. George Spirits

St. George Spirits is an artisanal distillery located in Alameda, California that produces a range of alcoholic beverages under the direction of Master Distiller Lance Winters. They are known for producing vodka, absinthe, whiskey, gin, brandy, liqueurs, and a range of exotic spirits.

## History

St. George Spirits was founded in 1982 by Jorg Rupf as an eau de vie distillery. In 1996, Jorg Rupf hired Lance Winters, a brewer and former nuclear scientist. One year later, Jorg and Lance began distilling and aging their single malt whiskey, which was first released in 2000. In 2004, St. George Spirits moved into its current location, a 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m$^2$) airplane hangar on the former Alameda naval air station.
In December 2007, the company released the first commercially available American absinthe, St. George Absinthe Verte, since the lifting of the 1912 ban on making the spirit. The recipe had been in development for 11 years prior to release, as the ban only applied to the commercial sale of the spirit (not development).
Jorg Rupf retired as master distiller in 2010. That same year, St. George sold their popular Hangar One Vodka line to Proximo Spirits to focus on new projects, including: gin, liqueurs, malt whisky, agricole rum, and Breaking & Entering Whiskies. In 2015 they released a new line of three vodkas, and in 2016 they brought out Bruto Americano, a California Amaro.
In 2013, Maverick Drinks began distributing St. George Spirits in the UK. By 2018, St. George Spirits products were distributed in Canada, the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Finland, China, Hong Kong, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Bermuda, and Panama among others.

## Products

Current Spirits
Gins
* Terroir Gin (45% ABV)
* Botanivore Gin (45% ABV)
* Dry Rye Gin (45% ABV)
* Dry Rye Reposado Gin (49.5% ABV)
Whiskeys
* St. George Single Malt Whiskey (43% ABV)
* Breaking & Entering (B&E) American Whiskey (43% ABV)
* Baller Single Malt Whiskey (47% ABV)
Vodkas
* St. George All Purpose Vodka (40% ABV)
* St. George California Citrus Vodka (40% ABV)
* St. George Green Chile Vodka (40% ABV)
Other liqueurs
* Absinthe Verte (60% ABV)
* Fruit Brandies; Pear, Raspberry, (Both 40% ABV) and Reserve Apple (43% ABV)
* Fruit Liqueurs; Raspberry and Spiced Pear (Both 20% ABV)
* NOLA Coffee Liqueur (25% ABV)
* Bruto Americano (Italian Style Amaro, 24% ABV)
* St George California Shochu (Japanese Style Whiskey, 40% ABV)
* Aqua Perfecta Basil Eau De Vie (40% ABV)
Discontinued spirits
* Hangar One Vodka, now made solely by Proximo Spirits since 2014
* Agua Azul Agave Spirits
* Other experimental spirits known as "Flights of Fancy"
# John Skoyles (poet)

John Skoyles (born December 11, 1949, in Queens, New York) is an American poet and writer.

## Early years

John Skoyles was born in Flushing, New York, the son of Olga (Bertolotti) and Gerard Skoyles, an envelope salesman. He attended Mater Christi High School (now St. John’s Prep) in Astoria, graduating in 1967. He did his undergraduate work at Fairfield University and attended workshops at The Poetry Project at St. Mark’s Church in-the-Bowery, where he was a student of Dick Gallup and Lewis MacAdams. He has an M.A. in English and an M.F.A. from the University of Iowa.

## Career

John Skoyles has taught at Southern Methodist University, Sarah Lawrence College, Warren Wilson College (where he directed the MFA program) and Emerson College. He has also served as the Executive Director of the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown from 1992 to 1994 and again in 2007.
He has written twelve books of fiction, nonfiction and poetry and is the poetry editor of Ploughshares. His work has appeared in The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, The American Poetry Review, Poetry, The Paris Review and others “My Mother, Heidegger, and Derrida”. He is a member of the Order of the Occult Hand and of the Writing Committee of the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His latest book of prose is Driven, a memoir in travelogue form. His seventh book of poems, Yes and No, was published by Carnegie-Mellon University Press in the fall of 2021. His autobiographical novel, All the Question Marks is forthcoming in 2026 from Unbound Edition Press. He lives in New York City.
# Balk (surname)

Balk is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

## Entertainment

* Fairuza Balk (born 1974), American film actress
* Harry Balk (1925–2016), American record producer and executive
* Michael Balk, Australian actor, television presenter, radio announcer, and producer
* Wesley Balk (1932–2003), American performance theorist/coach and stage director

## Sports

* Harold Balk (c. 1898–1970), New Zealand footballer
* Jordi Balk (born 1994), Dutch footballer
* Klaas Balk (born 1948), Dutch cyclist
* Lars Balk (born 1996), Dutch field hockey player
* Remco Balk (born 2001), Dutch footballer
* Wulfe Balk (born 1955), Canadian fencer

## Other

* Alfred Balk (1930–2010), American reporter, nonfiction author and magazine editor
* Christianne Balk (born 1953), American poet
* Daniel Georg Balk (1764–1826), German medical researcher
* Hermann Balk, 13th century Master of the Teutonic and Livonian Orders
* Josh Balk (born 1979), American activist
* Margarete Balk (1896–1974), German teacher and politician
* Matryona Balk (fl. 1718), Russian courtier
* Nicole Uhre-Balk, American educator and politician
# South Merland, Nova Scotia

South Merland is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Guysborough in Guysborough County.
# Maly Uzen

Maly Uzen (Russian: Малый Узень) or Kishi Uzen (Kazakh: Кіші Өзен, Kıshı Özen; Tatar: Кече Үзән), also known as the Saryozen in Kazakhstan, is a river in Saratov Oblast of Russia and West Kazakhstan Province of Kazakhstan. It is 638 kilometres (396 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 18,250 square kilometres (7,050 sq mi), The river is part of the Kazakhstan–Russia border area.
The river is used for water supply and irrigation. Water quality tests conducted in 2005 in the Russian section indicated 'moderately polluted'. A 2011 report by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe listed the discharge of wastewater, surface run-off, sediments and riverbank erosion as damaging to water quality.

## Course

The Maly Uzen has its sources on the western edge of the Obshchy Syrt to the north of Yershov town. It flows in a roughly SSE direction over the steppes of the Caspian Depression. The river runs parallel to the Bolshoy Uzen, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) further east. The Maly Uzen has its mouth in lake Saryaydyn, part of the Kamys-Samar Lakes of West-Kazakhstan. Lake Balykty Sarkyl lies between the Maly Uzen and the Bolshoy Uzen.
Most of the river's waters come from melting snow and its discharge is at its peak in April. Some stretches of the river usually dry up completely in the summer. At Maly Uzen village the discharge varies from 3.4 to 782 cubic metres per second (120 to 27,620 cu ft/s). The Maly Uzen freezes over in December, and stays icebound to the end of March or beginning of April.
# David R. Smith (physicist)

David R. Smith is an American physicist and professor of electrical and computer engineering at Duke University in North Carolina and visiting professor at Imperial College London. Smith's research focuses on electromagnetic metamaterials, or materials with a negative index of refraction.
Smith obtained his B.Sc. and Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) in 1988 and 1994. In 2000, as a postdoctoral fellow working in the laboratory of Professor Sheldon Schultz at UCSD, Smith and his colleagues discovered the first material that exhibited a negative index of refraction.
For his research in mematerials, Smith, along with four European researchers, was awarded the Descartes Prize in 2005, the European Union's top prize for collaborative research. He is known also as the first person to create a functioning cloak of invisibility that renders an object invisible in microwave wavelengths. Although the cloaking device had limited ability to conceal an object from light of a single microwave wavelength, the experiment was an initial demonstration of the potential of metamaterials, constructed composite materials with unusual optical properties, to behave in unique ways because of both their structural properties.
In 2009, Reuters news service listed Smith in the Clarivate Citation laureates in Physics, which considers potential candidates for the Nobel Prize in Physics.
# Jean Marie Marcelin Gilibert

Jean Marie Marcelin Gilibert, also known as Juan Maria Marcelino Gilibert (24 February 1839, in Fustignac, France – 11 September 1923, in Bogotá, Colombia), was a French Commissioner in the French Gendarmerie. He was sent to Colombia as part of an exchange program between the two countries to help found the National Police of Colombia on 5 November 1891 and was its first commissioner.

## Early life

Gilibert was born in Fustignac in the French department of Haute Garonne on 24 February 1839. He joined the French Army at the age of 22 and rose to become a sergeant-major.
Gilibert served during the Franco-Prussian War and was wounded at the battle of Reichshoffen. During the war he was captured three times, escaping each time. He was awarded the French military medal for his service.
After the war, Gilibert travelled with his regiment to Constantinople, where he was appointed a police commissioner of the 5th class. He later rose to become the commissioner of the 1st class in Lille.

## Colombia

At the request of the Colombian chargé d'affaires, Gonzalo Mallarino, Gilibert was selected to reorganise the Bogota police, known as the National Police, based on his knowledge of Spanish and his experience, and arrived in the country in late 1891. On 1 January 1892 he presented the new Bogota police service, consisting of 450 officers organised in six districts, to President Carlos Holguin and his ministers in a parade. Local press reports from this period describe him rarely leaving his offices and strictly enforcing discipline, including dismissing two officers who claimed to have seen a ghost. Gilibert's contract expired in August 1892 but he remained on as an instructor to the force.
Between 15 and 17 January 1893 a series of riots by artisans and craftsmen known as the “anarchist insurrection of 1893” erupted in Bogota. Anger towards the police force caused by its professionalisation and its crackdown on street crime and prostitution, as well as Gilibert's alienation from the local populace and recruitment of officers from outside the city is thought to have contributed to the breakout of rioting. Under Gilibert's leadership, the police responded violently, with many arrests.
In 1894 Gilibert also had a role in uncovering a coup-plot by artisans, buying off one of the plotters with 200 pesos. He also had a role in uncovering a liberal coup plot against the governing conservatives in Bogota in January 1895, though this did not prevent a series of liberal uprisings timed to occur simultaneously elsewhere resulting in a civil war in that year.
In 1898 Gilibert tended his resignation from the directorate of the Bogota police, claiming that his resources were insufficient for his task. He later reassumed the directorate under the government of General Rafael Reyes and continued to serve as an advisor until his death on 11 September 1923.