# Foreign relations of Madagascar

Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.

## Regional relations

Madagascar historically has remained outside the mainstream of African affairs, although it is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, the Organization of African Unity (now renamed the AU), the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Madagascar was admitted to the Southern African Development Community in 2004.

## Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Madagascar maintains diplomatic relations with:
Date :
| 1 | France | 25 June 1960 |
| 2 | India | 25 June 1960 |
| 3 | United States | 25 June 1960 |
| 4 | Germany | 26 June 1960 |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 27 June 1960 |
| 6 | Israel | 1 July 1960 |
| 7 | Japan | 5 July 1960 |
| 8 | Panama | 20 September 1960 |
| 9 | Portugal | 20 September 1960 |
| 10 | Norway | 27 October 1960 |
| 11 | Netherlands | 16 March 1961 |
| 12 | Italy | 30 May 1961 |
| 13 | Switzerland | 13 June 1961 |
| 14 | Greece | 26 September 1961 |
| 15 | Sweden | 1961 |
| 16 | South Korea | 25 June 1962 |
| 17 | Pakistan | 16 August 1962 |
| 18 | Turkey | 30 January 1963 |
| 19 | Algeria | 15 June 1964 |
| 20 | Belgium | 15 July 1964 |
| 21 | Denmark | 1964 |
| 22 | Canada | 7 January 1965 |
| 23 | Spain | 25 March 1966 |
| 24 | Sierra Leone | 5 November 1966 |
| — | Holy See | 24 December 1966 |
| 25 | Luxembourg | 13 January 1967 |
| 26 | Austria | 1967 |
| 27 | Mauritius | 27 August 1968 |
| 28 | Romania | 10 September 1968 |
| 29 | Tunisia | 12 March 1969 |
| 30 | Egypt | 23 February 1970 |
| 31 | Serbia | 4 June 1971 |
| 32 | Nigeria | 24 June 1971 |
| 33 | Lesotho | 7 December 1971 |
| 34 | Chile | 23 December 1971 |
| 35 | Russia | 29 September 1972 |
| 36 | China | 6 November 1972 |
| 37 | North Korea | 16 November 1972 |
| 38 | Vietnam | 19 December 1972 |
| 39 | Guinea | 26 December 1972 |
| 40 | Tanzania | 28 June 1973 |
| 41 | Zambia | 13 September 1973 |
| 42 | Poland | 28 November 1973 |
| 43 | Kuwait | 6 December 1973 |
| 44 | Libya | 9 February 1974 |
| 45 | Cuba | 11 April 1974 |
| 46 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 26 July 1974 |
| 47 | Australia | 22 August 1974 |
| 48 | Indonesia | 13 December 1974 |
| 49 | Mozambique | 9 August 1975 |
| 50 | Hungary | 1 December 1975 |
| 51 | Mexico | 26 December 1975 |
| 52 | Iraq | 26 March 1976 |
| 53 | Albania | 28 April 1976 |
| 54 | Czech Republic | 5 May 1976 |
| 55 | Bulgaria | 15 June 1976 |
| 56 | Comoros | 12 November 1976 |
| 57 | Finland | 1 June 1977 |
| 58 | Yemen | 31 December 1977 |
| — | Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (frozen) | 29 January 1978 |
| 59 | Mongolia | 11 May 1979 |
| 60 | Laos | 27 February 1980 |
| 61 | Zimbabwe | 19 October 1981 |
| 62 | Iran | 13 July 1983 |
| 63 | Nicaragua | 26 October 1984 |
| 64 | Seychelles | 12 April 1989 |
| 65 | Singapore | 31 January 1990 |
| 66 | Thailand | 30 November 1990 |
| — | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 1990 |
| 67 | Kyrgyzstan | 26 March 1992 |
| 68 | Kazakhstan | 10 April 1992 |
| 69 | Estonia | 13 April 1992 |
| 70 | Brunei | 20 October 1992 |
| 71 | Azerbaijan | 26 May 1993 |
| 72 | Belarus | 28 May 1993 |
| 73 | Moldova | 28 May 1993 |
| 74 | Ukraine | 10 June 1993 |
| 75 | Tajikistan | 12 June 1993 |
| 76 | Armenia | 25 June 1993 |
| 77 | South Africa | 27 January 1994 |
| 78 | Morocco | 15 April 1994 |
| 79 | Malaysia | 6 April 1995 |
| 80 | Colombia | 15 June 1995 |
| 81 | Turkmenistan | 1 December 1995 |
| 82 | Slovakia | 16 February 1996 |
| 83 | Brazil | 7 October 1996 |
| 84 | Cambodia | 25 March 1997 |
| 85 | Djibouti | 13 August 1999 |
| 86 | Argentina | 20 July 2001 |
| 87 | Sri Lanka | 27 July 2001 |
| 88 | Senegal | 12 August 2002 |
| 89 | North Macedonia | 18 October 2002 |
| 90 | Burkina Faso | 14 October 2002 |
| 91 | Mali | 1 August 2003 |
| 92 | Cape Verde | 9 October 2003 |
| 93 | Gambia | 20 July 2004 |
| 94 | Cyprus | 4 March 2005 |
| 95 | Namibia | 13 July 2005 |
| 96 | Botswana | August 2005 |
| 97 | Iceland | 22 September 2006 |
| 98 | Croatia | 27 September 2006 |
| 99 | Slovenia | 5 October 2006 |
| 100 | Georgia | 24 May 2007 |
| 101 | Saudi Arabia | 22 October 2008 |
| 102 | Venezuela | 17 November 2008 |
| 103 | Republic of the Congo | 17 September 2014 |
| 104 | Togo | 24 March 2015 |
| 105 | Sudan | 15 April 2015 |
| 106 | Eswatini | 21 October 2015 |
| 107 | Mauritania | 11 November 2015 |
| 108 | Niger | 13 January 2016 |
| 109 | Oman | 29 June 2016 |
| 110 | United Arab Emirates | 22 September 2016 |
| 111 | Lebanon | 5 May 2017 |
| 112 | Eritrea | 12 April 2017 |
| 113 | Lithuania | 19 September 2017 |
| 114 | Rwanda | 17 January 2018 |
| 115 | Andorra | 25 September 2018 |
| 116 | Latvia | 26 September 2018 |
| 117 | Nepal | 26 September 2018 |
| 118 | Bangladesh | 4 March 2020 |
| 119 | Monaco | 11 December 2020 |
| 120 | Malta | 22 September 2021 |
| 121 | Qatar | 24 September 2021 |
| 122 | Dominican Republic | 23 September 2022 |
| 123 | Bahrain | 23 September 2022 |
| 124 | San Marino | 1 February 2023 |
| 125 | Ireland | 6 March 2024 |
| 126 | Angola | 8 July 2024 |
| 127 | Guinea-Bissau | 30 July 2024 |
| 128 | Ghana | 24 September 2024 |
| 129 | Burundi | 26 September 2024 |
| 130 | Benin | Unknown |
| 131 | Cameroon | Unknown |
| 132 | Chad | Unknown |
| 133 | Ethiopia | Unknown |
| 134 | Ivory Coast | Unknown |
| 135 | Kenya | Unknown |
| 136 | Liberia | Unknown |
| 137 | Malawi | Unknown |
| 138 | Philippines | Unknown |
| 139 | Uganda | Unknown |

## Bilateral relations

International agencies being present in the country allows to react quickly to emergencies such as a food crisis.

### Africa

| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
| Mauritius | 27 August 1968 | See Madagascar–Mauritius relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1968 Madagascar has an embassy in Port Louis. Mauritius has an embassy in Antananarivo. |
| Morocco | 15 April 1994 | See Madagascar–Morocco relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 April 1994 Madagascar is accredited to Morocco from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal. Morocco has an embassy in Antananarivo. |
| Mozambique | 9 August 1975 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1975 Madagascar is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Mozambique is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa. |
| Namibia | 13 July 2005 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 2005 when has been accredited ambassador of Madagascar to Namibia with residence in Pretoria Mr. Yvan Randriasandratriniony. Madagascar is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Namibia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Harare, Zimbabwe. |
| Nigeria | 24 June 1971 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique. |
| Senegal | 12 August 2002 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 2002 Madagascar has an embassy in Dakar. Senegal is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. |
| South Africa | 27 January 1994 | See Madagascar–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1994. South Africa and Madagascar share maritime borders with each other. Madagascar has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town. South Africa has an embassy in Antananarivo. |
| Tanzania | 28 June 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1973 Madagascar is accredited to Tanzania from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Tanzania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique. |

### Americas

| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
| Argentina | 20 July 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 2001 Argentina is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Argentina. |
| Brazil | 7 October 1996 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1996 Brazil is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique. Madagascar is accredited to Brazil from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. |
| Canada | 7 January 1965 | See Canada–Madagascar relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 Canada is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa. Madagascar has an embassy in Ottawa. |
| Colombia | 15 June 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1995 Colombia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Madagascar is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. |
| Cuba | 11 April 1974 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1974 Cuba is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. Madagascar is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Ottawa, Canada. |
| Mexico | 26 December 1975 | Madagascar is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City. Mexico is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo. |
| United States | 26 June 1960 | See Madagascar–United States relations Relations between the United States and Madagascar date to the middle 19th century. The two countries concluded a commercial convention in 1867 and a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce in 1881. Traditionally warm relations suffered considerably during the 1970s, when Madagascar expelled the U.S. ambassador, the USA closed a NASA tracking station, allied with the USSR, and nationalized two U.S. oil companies. In 1980, relations at the ambassadorial level were restored. Throughout the troubled period, commercial and cultural relations remained active. In 1990, Madagascar was designated as a priority aid recipient, and assistance increased from $15 million in 1989 to $40 million in 1993. Recent U.S. assistance has contributed to a population census and family planning programs; conservation of Madagascar's remarkable biodiversity, private sector development, agriculture, democracy and governance initiatives; and media training. Madagascar became the first country with a Millennium Challenge Account compact when it signed an agreement worth $110 million in April 2006. The Ravalomanana government is especially positive about ties with the United States. Madagascar has an embassy in Washington, DC. United States has an embassy in Antananarivo.  This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State. |

### Asia

| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
| China | 6 November 1972 | See China-Madagascar relations China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972. China has an embassy in Antananarivo and a consulate-general in Toamasina. Madagascar has an embassy in Beijing. |
| India | 27 June 1960 | See India–Madagascar relations India has had maritime links with Madagascar for several centuries. India opened a consulate general in Antananarivo in 1954. Upon Madagascar gaining independence in 1960, it was upgraded to an embassy. There are about 20,000 persons of Indian origin in Madagascar, including approximately 2,500 Indian passport holders. India has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in New Delhi. |
| Indonesia | 13 December 1974 | See Indonesia–Madagascar relations Indonesia has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Indonesia. |
| Israel | | The two countries have a number of bilateral agreements in force. Israel does not have an accreditation to Madagascar. Madagascar is accredited to Israel from its embassy in Paris, France. |
| Japan | March 1962 | The two countries established diplomatic relations on July 5, 1960. Japan has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in Tokyo. |
| Saudi Arabia | 22 October 2008 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 2008 Madagascar has an embassy in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. |
| South Korea | 25 June 1962, broke off diplomatic relations in July 1972, Restored 19 May 1993 | Madagascar is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. South Korea has an embassy in Antananarivo. |
| Turkey | 30 January 1963 | See Madagascar–Turkey relations Madagascar is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Turkey has an embassy in Antananarivo. Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Malagasy exports/imports: 5.2/71.3 million USD). |
| Vietnam | 19 December 1972 | The two countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1972. Madagascar is accredited to Vietnam from its embassy in Beijing, China. Vietnam is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique. |

### Europe

| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
| Croatia | 27 September 2006 | The two countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2006. Croatia is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Croatia. |
| Cyprus | | Cyprus is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa. and an honorary consulate in Antananarivo. Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Cyprus. |
| Denmark | 1964 | Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria. Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo. |
| France | 25 June 1960 | See France–Madagascar relations both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1960. France has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in Paris and consulates-general in Marseille and Saint-Denis. |
| Germany | 26 June 1960 | See Germany–Madagascar relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1960 Germany has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in Berlin. |
| Greece | 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 Greece is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. Madagascar is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy. |
| Holy See | 24 December 1966 | Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Antananarivo. Madagascar is accredited to the Holy See from its embassy in Paris, France. |
| Iceland | 22 September 2006 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2006 Iceland is accredited to Madagascar from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Reykjavík. Madagascar is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. |
| Norway | 27 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1960 Madagascar is accredited to Norway from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Norway has an embassy in Antananarivo. |
| Poland | 28 November 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 1973 Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo. |
| Romania | 10 September 1968 | The two countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1968. Madagascar is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Romania is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. |
| Russia | 29 September 1972 | See Madagascar–Russia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1972. During the 2009 Malagasy political crisis, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that Russia is "concerned by the increased frequency of attempts on the African continent to resort to non-constitutional methods of solving internal political problems." He went on to say that, in addition to increasing economic and social problems, the use of force is of concern and runs counter to democratic principles, whilst affirming Russia's support of the African Union's position. Madagascar has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Antananarivo. |
| Serbia | 9 December 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1969. A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between the two countries. Madagascar is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Serbia is accredited to Madagascar from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States. |
| Spain | 25 March 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1966 Madagascar is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France. Spain is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa. |
| Switzerland | 13 June 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1961 Madagascar has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Antananarivo. |
| United Kingdom | 1960 | See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 27 June 1960. Madagascar maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Madagascar through its embassy in Antananarivo. The UK administered Madagascar from 1942 to 1943, when Madagascar was transferred to France. Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership. |