# List of wars involving Canada

This is a list of wars and armed conflicts in and involving Canada in chronological order, from the 11th century to the 21st century. It is divided into two main sections.
The first section outlines conflicts that happened in what is now Canada before its confederation in 1867. It includes notable events like the Battle of Vinland, Beaver Wars, Acadian Civil War, and various Anglo-Dutch Wars, highlighting the belligerents involved and the outcomes.
The second section discusses wars involving Canada since its confederation in 1867. It lists conflicts such as the Fenian Raids, Red River Rebellion, Mahdist War, Canada in World War I and Canada in World War II, detailing the combatants, results, and casualties for each event. Ongoing conflicts and military operations, such as the military intervention against the Islamic State and involvement in maritime security operations in response to Houthi attacks are also covered.

## List
### Colonial conflicts (11th century – 1867)

The following were conflicts that occurred in present-day Canada from the 11th century AD to the mid-19th century, prior to Canadian confederation. Belligerents in these conflicts typically involved colonies in Canada (e.g. New France, the Canadas), and/or First Nations groups residing in the region.
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
| Battles of Vinland (approximately 1000 CE) | Vikings | Skræling | Skræling victory and Viking withdrawal |
| Beaver Wars (1609–1701) | Iroqouis | Algonquian allies | Military stalemate Great Peace of Montreal Growth of French influence in the Great Lakes region Huron-Wendat Confederacy destroyed or assimilated Military refugee migration results in expansion of Iroquois hunting grounds Further Iroquois territorial expansion halted in military campaigns by the Council of Three Fires |
| Acadian Civil War (1635–1654) | Kingdom of France  New France (Saint John Administration) | Kingdom of France  New France (Port Royal Administration) | Saint John Administration victory Charles de La Tour restored as governor of Acadia in 1653 Followed by English attacks on French settlements in the Bay of Fundy in 1654 |
| Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) | Dutch Republic | Kingdom of England Newfoundland Colony | Status quo ante bellum Dutch capture of St. John's in 1665 led by Michiel de Ruyter St. John's retaken by English |
| Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674) | Dutch Republic | Kingdom of England Colony of Avalon | Status quo ante bellum Dutch capture of Ferryland on 4 September 1673 by ships Green Wife, Arms of Leyden. Schacator, Unity Ferryland retaken by English in 1674 |
| King William's War (1688–1697) | Kingdom of France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy | England English America Iroquois | Status quo ante bellum |
| Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) | Kingdom of France  New France  Spain Wabanaki Confederacy Caughnawaga Mohawk Choctaw Timucua Apalachee Natchez | England (before 1707) English America  British Empire (after 1707) British America Muscogee Chickasaw Yamasee Iroquois Confederacy | British-Allied victory France cedes to Britain the control of Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and Saint Kitts |
| Dummer's War (1722–1725) | New England Colonies Mohawk | Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Pequawket Mi'kmaq Maliseet | |
| King George's War (1744–1748) | Kingdom of France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy | British Empire British America Iroquois Confederacy | Status quo ante bellum |
| Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755) | Wabanaki Confederacy Mi'kmaw militia Maliseet militia  Kingdom of France  New France Acadian militia | British Empire Nova Scotia | British victory Beginning of the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755 |
| Seven Years' War (1756–1763) | Kingdom of France  New France Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Mi'kmaw militia Acadian militia Algonquin Lenape Ojibwa Odawa Shawnee | British Empire British America Iroquois Confederacy Catawba Cherokee (before 1758) | British-Allied victory British military conquest of New France France cedes New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to Spain |
| Pontiac's War (1763–1766) | British Empire Province of Quebec | Ottawas Ojibwas Potawatomis Hurons Miamis Weas Kickapoos Mascoutens Piankashaws Delawares Shawnees Wyandots Mingos Iroquois | Military stalemate First Nations concede British sovereignty but compel British policy changes |
| American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) | British Empire Province of Quebec Nova Scotia Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi'kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee | United States France Spain Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Chickasaw Choctaw Mahican Mi'kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee | American-Allied victory Incursions into Quebec and Nova Scotia repulsed Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain |
| War of 1812 (1812–1815) | British Empire  Lower Canada  Upper Canada Tecumseh's Confederacy Shawnee Ojibwe Fox Iroquois Miami Mingo Odawa Kickapoo Lenape Mascouten Potawatomi Sauk Wyandot Spain (1814) | United States Choctaw Cherokee Muscogee Seneca | Status quo ante bellum Military stalemate |
| Pemmican War (1812–1821) | North West Company Metis | Hudson's Bay Company Selkirk's settlers | Merger between the North West Company and Hudson Bay Company |
| Rebellions of 1837–1838 (1837–1838) | Lower Canada Château Clique  Upper Canada Family Compact | Patriotes Republic of Lower Canada Hunters' Lodges Republic of Canada | Government victory Patriote rebellion crushed by loyalist forces; Republic of Canada dismantled Defeat of Hunters' Lodges Unification of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada |

### Canada (1867–present)

The following table lists conflicts involving Canada since confederation in 1867. Since that time there have been 26 conflicts with 2 of them currently ongoing:
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Killed | Wounded |
| Fenian raids (1866–1871) | Canada | Fenian Brotherhood | Victory Fenians cease raids | 22 | 32 |
| Red River Rebellion (1869-1870) | Canada | Métis | Victory The Wolseley Expedition takes control of Fort Garry (modern day Winnipeg) Louis Riel flees to the United States | 1 | Unknown |
| Wolseley Expedition (1870) | Canada | Métis | Victory Red River Rebellion defeated The legislature passes the Manitoba Act in 1870 Red River Colony enters Canada as the province of Manitoba | None | None |
| Mahdist War (1881–1899) | United Kingdom Canada Egypt | Sudan | Victory Sudan becomes the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a condominium of the British Empire | 16 | Unknown |
| North-West Rebellion (1885) | Canada | Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (Métis) Cree–Assiniboine | Victory Completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway Trial of Louis Riel | 50 | 103 |
| Second Boer War (1899–1902) | United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand India Ceylon Cape Colony Natal Colony Rhodesia | Orange Free State South African Republic | Victory British sovereignty over the Orange Free State and the Transvaal in accordance with the Treaty of Vereeniging | 267 | >250 |
| First World War (1914–1918) | France United Kingdom Russia United States China Italy Japan Canada Newfoundland Australia New Zealand India South Africa Serbia Montenegro Romania Belgium Greece Portugal Brazil | Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria | Victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations | 66,944 | ~172,000 |
| Russian Civil War (1918–1920) | White Movement France United Kingdom United States China Italy Japan Canada Australia India South Africa Serbia Romania Greece Czechoslovakia Poland Estonia | Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists | Inconclusive/Other Result Victory for the Bolshevik Red Army in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, South Caucasus, Central Asia, Tuva, and Mongolia; incorporation of those territories into the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union Allied forces withdrawal from Russia Bolshevik victory over White Army The Soviet Union becomes the new Russian power Russian famine of 1921–1922 Victory for pro-independence and anti communist movements in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland; expulsion of Bolshevik forces from those territories | 14 | 24 |
| Second World War (1939–1945) | Soviet Union United States United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Ethiopia | Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Slovakia Finland Vichy France Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang | Victory Collapse of the Third Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War Beginning of the Atomic Age | ~45,300 | ~55,000 |
| Korean War (1950–1953) | South Korea United Nations United States United Kingdom Australia Belgium Canada France Philippines Colombia Ethiopia Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand South Africa Thailand Turkey | North Korea China Soviet Union | Ceasefire Ceasefire armistice North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled UN invasion of North Korea repelled Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled Korean Demilitarized Zone established Little territorial change at the 38th parallel border | 516 | 1,042 |
| Congo Crisis (1960–1963) | Congo-Léopoldville UNOC | Katanga South Kasai | Victory | Unknown | Unknown |
| Insurgency in Quebec (1962–1973) | Canada | Front de libération du Québec | Victory FLQ guerrillas are disbanded in 1973, after collapse in 1971. | Unknown | Unknown |
| Oka Crisis (1990) | Canada | Mohawk Warrior Society | Victory End of Mohawk blockade Federal government purchased the Pines from Municipality of Oka to prevent further development | 1 | 30 |
| Persian Gulf War (1990–1991) | Kuwait United States United Kingdom Saudi Arabia France Canada Egypt Syria Qatar United Arab Emirates Oman Bangladesh | Iraq | Victory Removal of Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait Imposition of sanctions against Iraq | None | None |
| Somali Civil War (1992–1995) | United States United Kingdom Spain Saudi Arabia Malaysia Pakistan Italy India Greece Germany France Canada Botswana Belgium Australia New Zealand | Somali National Alliance | Victory UN humanitarian mandate fulfilled, saving around 100,000 lives Somalia Affair Dissolution of Canadian Airborne Regiment The Somali Civil War is ongoing | 1 | None |
| Bosnian War (1992–1995) | Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia NATO  Belgium  Canada  Denmark  France  Germany  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Spain  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States | Republika Srpska | Victory Dayton Accords Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group | 23 | unknown |
| Operation Medak Pocket (September 9–17, 1993) | Canada France Republic of Serbian Krajina | Croatia | Canadian strategic victory Croatian forces recover Divoselo and Čitluk (in total 48 km$^2$) Croatian withdrawal UN secures Medak Pocket Canada holds out against an army three times its size without suffering casualties. | None | 4 |
| Kosovo War (1998–1999) | UÇK (KLA) AFRK (FARK) Albania Croatia NATO  Belgium  Canada  Czech Republic  Denmark  France  Germany  Hungary  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Poland  Portugal  Spain  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States | FR Yugoslavia | Victory Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav security forces pull out of Kosovo KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency | None | None |
| International Force for East Timor (1999–2000) | Australia  New Zealand  Bangladesh  Brazil  Canada  Denmark  France  Germany  Ireland  Italy  Jordan  Kenya  Malaysia  Norway  Philippines  Portugal  Singapore  South Korea  Thailand  United States | Pro-Indonesian militia | Victory Defeat of pro-Indonesian militia Stability in East Timor Arrival of UN peacekeepers | None | None |
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2014) | Afghanistan United States United Kingdom Germany Italy France Canada Australia New Zealand Georgia Poland Romania Turkey ISAF  Albania  Armenia  Austria  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Belgium  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Bulgaria  Croatia  Czech Republic  Denmark  El Salvador  Estonia  Finland  Greece  Hungary  Iceland  Ireland  Jordan  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malaysia  Mongolia  Montenegro  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Republic of Macedonia  Singapore  Slovakia  Slovenia  South Korea  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  Tonga  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates Northern Alliance | Taliban al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan HI-Gulbuddin Hezb-e Islami Khalis Haqqani network Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed East Turkestan Islamic Movement Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Islamic Emirate of Waziristan Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Islamic Jihad Union Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan | Withdrawal/Allied defeat Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda camps Over two thirds of al-Qaeda's leadership demolished Occupation of Afghanistan Establishment of a new Afghan government Killing of Osama bin Laden Withdrawal of allied forces, including Canada in 2014. Taliban victory in Afghanistan in the year 2021 after an effective resurgence Fall of the Afghan National Army (ANA), which was previously trained by Canadian soldiers Taliban control of US weapons and equipment following the rapid withdrawal of allied forces | 166 | 2,071 |
| First Libyan Civil War (2011) | NTC Qatar NATO  Belgium  Bulgaria  Canada  Denmark  France  Greece  Italy  Netherlands  Norway  Romania  Spain  Turkey  United Kingdom  United States  Sweden Jordan United Arab Emirates | Libya | Victory Overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya Death of Muammar Gaddafi Dissolution of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | None | None |
| Iraqi Civil War (2013–2017) | Iraq Assyrian Forces (Iraqi command) Iraqi Turkmen Front Iraqi Communist Party Iran Hezbollah Syria Iraqi Kurdistan Assyrian Forces (Kurdish command) Sinjar Alliance PKK Rojava CJTF–OIR United States United Kingdom Canada Australia France Italy Netherlands Finland Denmark | Islamic State Naqshbandi Army (2013–15) | Victory Iraqi territorial integrity preserved ISIL expelled from all strongholds by 11 November 2017 Iraq declares the defeat of ISIL on 9 December 2017 after securing the western desert with neighbouring Syria End of open conflict and return of relative stability to Iraq following the end of the war | 1 | Unknown |
| Military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2014–present) | United States  United Kingdom  Australia  Belgium  Canada  Denmark  France  Germany  Italy  Netherlands  New Zealand  Norway  Portugal  Spain  Sweden  Turkey | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant | Ongoing Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda affiliates positions in Iraq and Syria Multinational humanitarian effort Arming and support for local ground forces 2 American journalists, 2 British humanitarian workers, and 1 French tourist executed As of February 2016, Canada has discontinued bombing ISIS positions but still has special operations units in Iraq | 2 | At Least 3 |
| Red Sea crisis (2023–present) | Israel United Kingdom United States Canada Australia New Zealand Bahrain Denmark Germany Greece Netherlands Norway Sri Lanka Singapore Seychelles Egypt France Italy India Pakistan Saudi Arabia | Supreme Political Council Houthis Iran  Axis of ResistanceHezbollahIslamic Resistance in IraqSupported by: North Korea (alleged) | Ongoing Disruption of international maritime trade and the global economy due to Houthi attacks and hijackings Beginning of Operation Prosperity Guardian in December 2023 Canada deploys 3 staff officers and an of unspecified number of land, air and sea support vehicles. Missile strikes against Houthi-controlled territory in January 2024 | Unknown | Unknown |