OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1931 in Sweden

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1931 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Gustaf V
* Prime Minister – Carl Gustaf Ekman

## Events

* 14 May – The Ådalen shootings: During a general strike in Ådalen, military troops fired gunshots into a crowd of demonstrants. Five persons were killed in the massacre, and five were injured.

## Births

* 24 January – Lars Hörmander, mathematician (died 2012)
* 31 March – Göran Printz-Påhlson, writer (died 2006)
* 15 April – Tomas Tranströmer, poet (died 2015)
* 23 June – Ola Ullsten, politician (died 2018)
* 16 July – Kjell Hansson, Olympic rower (died 2019)
* 23 July – Jan Troell, filmmaker
* 28 August – Sven Tumba, ice hockey player (died 2011).
* 16 December – Lasse Björn, ice hockey player (died 2024)

## Deaths

* 8 April – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, poet (born 1864)
* 26 May – Anna Sandström, feminist
* 12 July – Nathan Söderblom, clergyman, archbishop (born 1866)
* 13 October – Ernst Didring, writer (born 1868)
# Pope Sylvester III

Pope Sylvester III (c. 1000 – October 1063), born John (Italian: Giovanni) in Rome, was Bishop of Rome and hence ruler of the Papal States from 20 January to 10 March 1045.

## Background

Christened John, he was born into the powerful Roman patrician family Crescentii. Upon the death of Pope John XIX in October 1032, the papal throne became the subject of dispute between rival factions of nobles. Theophylactus, a youth of about twenty, the son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum, was supported by the nobles of Tusculum. The nephew and namesake of Pope Benedict VIII, he took the name Benedict IX. The young man was not only unqualified, but led a reportedly dissolute life, and factional strife continued. A revolt in Rome led to Benedict IX being driven from the city in 1044.

## Papacy

John, bishop of Sabina, was elected after fierce and protracted infighting, c. 21 January 1045. He took the name Sylvester III. Benedict IX excommunicated him, and in March returned to Rome and expelled Sylvester, who himself returned to Sabina to again take up his office of bishop in that diocese.
Nearly two years later, on 20 December 1046, the Council of Sutri, summoned and presided over by the Emperor Henry III, deprived him of his bishopric and priesthood, and ordered him sent to a monastery for the rest of his life. This sentence was obviously suspended, because he continued to function and was recognized as bishop of Sabina until at least 1062. A successor bishop to the see of Sabina, Hubaldus, is recorded under Pope Alexander II, on October 1063, indicating that John must have died prior to that date.
Though some consider him to have been an antipope, Sylvester III continues to be listed as an official pope (1045) in Vatican lists. A similar situation applies to Pope Gregory VI (1045–1046). Sylvester's pontifical name was used again by Antipope Theodoric because at that time he was not considered a legitimate pontiff.
# Lemon Tree

Lemon Tree may refer to:
* Lemon (Citrus limon), a tree bearing fruit
* Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), an Australian native tree with a distinct lemon smell

## Places in Australia

* Lemon Tree, New South Wales
* Lemon Tree Passage, New South Wales
* Lemontree, Queensland

## Film, music and literature

* Lemon Tree (2008 film), a film by director Eran Riklis
* Lemon Tree (2023 film), a film by director Rachel Walden
* The Lemon Tree (album), an album by Daryl Braithwaite
* "Lemon Tree" (Will Holt song), a song made popular by Trini Lopez
* "Lemon Tree" (Fool's Garden song), a song by Fool's Garden
* "Lemon Tree", a song by Post Malone from Twelve Carat Toothache
* "(Here We Go Round) the Lemon Tree", a song by the Move
* The Lemon Trees, a 1990s UK pop band
* "Lemon of Troy", an episode of The Simpsons featuring the theft of Springfield's Lemon Tree
* The Lemon Tree, an arts venue in Aberdeen, Scotland
* The Lemon Tree: An Arab, a Jew, and the Heart of the Middle East, a document
# John Roberts (Flint MP)

John Roberts (14 July 1835 – 24 February 1894), was a Welsh Liberal Party politician.
Roberts was the son of David Roberts. His father, who was born in Llanrwst Wales, moved to Liverpool at an early age, where he built up a successful timber business, and later settled in Abergele. Roberts was educated at Brighton. He was a magistrate for Denbighshire and constructed the mansion of Bryngwenallt in Abergele.
In a by-election in 1878, Roberts was elected to the House of Commons as the member of parliament (MP) for Flint Boroughs. He held the seat until 1892.
Roberts died two years later at the age of 58.
Roberts married Katharine Tudor Hughes, daughter of Rev. John Hughes, of Liverpool. Their son John became a Liberal politician and was created Baron Clwyd in 1919.
# Thomas and Mary Hogan House

Thomas and Mary Hogan House is a historic home located near Carrboro, Orange County, North Carolina. It was built about 1860, as a 1+1⁄2-story, Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It was enlarged to two-stories and updated with Queen Anne style design elements about 1890. The farmhouse is sheathed in plain weatherboard, has a gable-and-wing form, one gable end brick chimney, one interior brick chimney, and a one-story wraparound porch.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
# Nor Hashimah Ismail

Nor Hashimah Ismail (born 6 April 1971) is a Malaysian lawn bowler.

## Bowls career
### World Championships

In 2008, Ismail won a bronze medal in the fours at the 2008 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. Eight years later in 2016, she won a second bronze medal, with Azlina Arshad and Nur Fidrah Noh in the triples at the 2016 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Christchurch.

### Commonwealth Games

Nor competed in both the women's pairs and women's fours events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. She failed to qualify from the group stages in the women's pairs event but won a silver medal in the women's fours

### Other events

She has won eleven medals at the Asia Pacific Bowls Championships including three gold medals. In 2010, she won the Hong Kong International Bowls Classic singles title and previously had won the 2008 pairs title with Siti Zalina Ahmad.
She has also won four gold medals in the Lawn bowls at the Southeast Asian Games.
# Searby

Searby is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* John Searby (1900–1956), English cricketer
* Richard Searby (1931–2018), Australian lawyer
* Robin Searby (born 1947), British military officer
* Searby Buxton (1832-1919), New Zealand politician
# Coat of arms of Tiraspol

The coat of arms of Tiraspol is the official coat of arms of the city of Tiraspol. Tiraspol is the capital of Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway republic internationally recognized as part of Moldova. Since 2018, two coats of arms of the city are used: the original imperial one (for public display) and the Soviet one (for document circulation).

## History
### Imperial coat of arms of 1847

In 1847, Tiraspol received its first coat of arms, which was approved by the highest rescript of Nicholas I of Russia. The coat of arms of the city consisted of the upper part of the shield, in a golden field, a modified variant of the coat of arms of Kherson Governorate embedded in a Russian eagle, and in the lower part, along a black field, diagonally passing from the upper right corner, a red fortress wall, and on both sides of it, an acorn.

### Draft of the coat of arms of 1868

In 1868, a draft of the new coat of arms of Tiraspol was created. It was composed by a scarlet wall in the form of a scalloped baldric with silver seams, accompanied in the corners by two green acorns, in a silver shield. In the upper-right corner of the shield is the coat of arms of the Kherson Governate.

### Soviet coat of arms of 1978

The coat of arms of the Soviet period was approved on 29 March 1978 by the decision of the executive Committee of the City Council of People's Deputies. In the upper part, against the background of the fortress wall, the date of the city's foundation "1792" is indicated in a golden field. In the lower part of the coat of arms, blue waves run diagonally from the upper left to the lower right corner, symbolizing the Dniester river. In the upper right part, on a red background, a pinion is depicted in gold, symbolizing the city's industry. In the lower left part, a golden image of a bunch of grapes is displayed on a green background. The colors of the coat of arms red and green are associated with the colors of the flag of the former Moldavian SSR, used today in the flag of present-day Transnistria. The author of this coat of arms was Viktor Leonidovich Vakarev.

### Modern coat of arms (since 2018)

On 28 September 2018, at the suggestion of the President of Transnistria Vadim Krasnoselsky, during the second plenary session of the 12th session of the XXV convocation of the Tiraspol City Council of People's Deputies, the coat of arms of 1847 was restored as the official coat of arms of the city.

## In numismatics

The Transnistrian Republican Bank has issued coins from the "Coats of Arms of Transnistrian Cities" series twice. Both times the coin featured the imperial coat of arms of Tiraspol. The first issue was made of 925 sterling silver and dedicated to the 210th anniversary of the founding of the city, and the second issue was made of 900-proof gold and dedicated to the 215th anniversary of Tiraspol.
# Thomas–Wiley–Johnson Farmstead

Thomas–Wiley–Johnson Farmstead is a historic home and farm located near Johnsonville, Rensselaer County, New York. The farmhouse was built between about 1790 and 1800, and consists of a two-story, five-bay, Greek Revival style frame main block with a kitchen wing added c. 1840. It was remodeled about 1870, and has another wing added about the same time. Also on the property are the contributing main barn group with cow barn and milk house additions (c. 1860-1960), hen house and corn crib (c. 1930, c. 1950), work shop (c. 1880-1900), and garage (c. 1950).$^{:3–5}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
# Third Street Bridge (Waverly, Iowa)

The Third Street Bridge, also known as the Brookwood Park Bridge and the Harmon Street Bridge, is a historic structure located in Waverly, Iowa, United States. It spans the Cedar River for 363 feet (111 m). This Riveted Pratt through truss was designed by the Iowa State Highway Commission and constructed by the Illinois Steel Bridge Company of Jacksonville, Illinois in 1917. It is composed of three spans. The truss' were painted green in 1962, and the bridge received major renovations in 1983. It was closed to traffic in February 2015 "after a certified inspector examining the bridge Friday for an annual inspection found the trusses connecting bearings, sidewalk support brackets, and two stringers in the south bridge span have severely corroded." It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. The Third Street Bridge is one of three bridges installed by the Illinois Steel Bridge Company that is still standing in Iowa.
# Gigides

Gigides is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson in 1926.

## Species

* Gigides distorta (Dognin, 1914) Colombia
* Gigides ferreolepra Hampson, 1926 Peru
* Gigides megalops Hampson, 1926 Peru
# Holy Cross College of Sasa

The Holy Cross College of Sasa is a private Catholic, secondary and tertiary education institution run by the Teresian Daughters of Mary in Davao City, Philippines under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Davao. It was founded by the Society of Foreign Missions (P.M.E.) in 1966.

## History

The institution was established as the Holy Cross Academy of Sasa by the Society of Foreign Missions (P.M.E.) in 1966. It was renamed the Holy Cross College of Sasa in 2010, when it began offering college courses.

## Accreditation

This is a CHED Certified Higher Education Institution. They are members of the Philippine Society of IT Educators. The PAASCU granted them Level 1 Initial Accreditation for their Junior High School Program from May 2022 until May 2025.

## Undergraduate programs

The Holy Cross College of Sasa, Inc is offering the following courses:
* Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
* Bachelor of Science in Tourism
* Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
    Financial Management
* Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
* Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education
    Filipino
    English
    Mathematics
# List of Pakistani films of 1987

A list of films produced in Pakistan in 1987 (see 1987 in film) and in the Urdu language:

## Lollywood 1987 (Jan-Dec)

| Lollywood | Director | Cast | Notes |
| Aag Aur Sholay | S. A. Hafiz | Anjana, Javed Sheikh, Mohammad Ali | |
| Greban | Iqbal Rizvi | Babra Sharif, Faisal, Firdous, Zamurrad | Box Office: Flop |
| Nazuk Rishtay | Mushtaq Babar | Sangeeta, Shahid, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Nisho, Asif Khan | |
| Ham Say Na Takrana | Jamshed Naqvi | Anuja, Javed Sheikh, Babar, Neelo, Nanha, Julia | |
| Love in Nepal | Wasir Ali | Shabnam, Izhar Qazi, Ismael Shah, Sushma Shahi | |
| Qasm Munnay Ki | Sangeeta | Babra Sharif | Box Office: Average |
| Zalzala | Iqbal Yousuf | Sudhir, Rani, Waheed Murad, Sultan Rahi | Box Office: Flop |
| Kundan | Mohammad Javed Fazil | Babra Sharif, Nadeem, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Mumtaz, Afzaal Ahmad | Box Office: Hit |
| Deewar | Amman Mirza | Babra Sharif, Javed Sheikh, Mohammad Ali, Talish, Sangeeta | Box Office: Average |
| Choron Ki Baraat | Iqbal Kashmiri | Nadeem, Neeli, Shiva, Sushma Shahi, Jahanzeb, Naghma, Faisal | Box Office: Hit |
| Manila Ki Bijlian | Mohammad Jan | Kaveeta, Sabeeta, Nazan Sanchi, Sushma Shahi | |
| Masti Khan | Asghar Ali Khan | Mustafa Qureshi, Shabnam, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Mohammad Ali | Box Office: Average |
| Saas Meri Saheli | Zafar Shabab | Shabnam, Javed Sheikh, Ayaz | |
| Ek Say Barh Kar Ek | Nazar Shabab | Salma Agha, Javed Sheikh, Sabeeta, Ismael Shah | Box Office: Average |
| Himmat Wala | Aziz Tabassum | Sabeeta, Izhar Qazi, Nautan | |
| Lady Smuggler | Aziz Tabassum | Shabnam, Babra Sharif | |
| Son of Ann Daata | Aziz Tabassum | Sudhir, Sultan Rahi, Babra Sharif, Ghulam Mohayuddin, Talish, Mohammed Ali Shehki, Zamurrad, Asif Khan | Box Office: Flop |
| Teri Banhon Mein | Younis Rathor | Shabnam, Mohammad Ali, Sonia, Babar | Box Office: Average |
| Lawa | Iqbal Kashmiri | Neeli, Shiva, Sushma Shahi | Box Office: Average |
| Nijat | Hassan Askari | Sabeeta, Izhar Qazi, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Sitara | |
| Iqrar | Inayat Ullah Khan | Ismael Shah, Durdana Rehman, Sitara, Masood Akhtar, Surayya Khan | |
| Rocky Dada | Arshad Qureshi | Sonia, Shahid, Habib, Bahar | Box Office: Flop |
| Sonay Ki Talash | Hassan Askari | Faiza Kemal, Ismael Shah | |
| Meri Awaaz | Iqbal Rizvi | Nadira, Ismael Shah, Sitara, Firdaus Jamal | |
| 7 Sahelian | S. Suleman | Rozeena, Razzak, Zenat, A.T.M., Srijana Mathema, Doli Pertheba | Box Office: Flop |
| Badla | K. Khursheed | Nadeem, Naazan Sanchi, Shiva, Sushma Shahi | Box Office: Average |
| Love in London | S. Suleman | Babra Sharif, Nadeem, Nayyar Sultana, Talish, Rangeela | Box Office: Average |
| Mera Insaf | Zahid Shah | Babra Sharif, Izhar Qazi, Mumtaz, Shafi Mohammad, Deeba, Afzaal Ahmad, Umer Sharif, Syed Kemal, Naghma, Bindia, Saiqa, Jameel Fakhri, Malik Anokha, Mehboob Alam | |
# Friedrich Gretsch

Friedrich Wilhelm "Fritz" Gretsch (May 13, 1856 – April 28, 1895) was a German American businessman and industrialist. He was the founder of the Gretsch Company, a musical instrument manufacturing and marketing company based in Brooklyn, New York.
Born and raised in Mannheim, Germany, in what was then the Grand Duchy of Baden, Gretsch immigrated to the United States in 1873. During the Gilded Age, he established his manufacturing company at a time when mass production and standardization were beginning. As of 2024, the Gretsch family still owns and operates the Gretsch Company.
After traveling aboard the SS Fürst Bismarck to Hamburg to visit family in April 1895, he died in the fifth cholera pandemic.

## Early life

Friedrich Wilhelm Gretsch was born on May 13, 1856, in Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Confederation, the oldest of nine children of Wilhelm and Anna Gretsch. His father owned a successful general store in Mannheim and his mother had several brothers who immigrated to California.
In 1873, as a teenager, Gretsch boarded the Vandalia steamship and immigrated to the United States through Ellis Island. He briefly worked for a wine merchant before gaining employment with the drum and banjo manufacturing company, Albert Houdlett and Sons.

## Career

In 1883, Gretsch founded his own musical instrument shop, The Gretsch Company, at 128 Middleton Street in Brooklyn. His shop was designed for the manufacture of banjos, tambourines, and drums, with the company experiencing some success catering to marching bands. The operation moved to South 4th Street in 1894.
The company would go on to produce instruments for artists such as: Chet Atkins, Eric Clapton, and George Harrison, who played a Gretsch guitar during The Beatles first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show.

## Personal life

Gretsch was married to his wife Rosa and lived in New York City. They had seven children, including: Frederick Gretsch Sr., William Walter "Bill" Gretsch, Louis Gretsch, and Herbert Gretsch. Walter's daughter Gertrude would marry John Jacob Astor VI in 1944 and give birth to Gretsch's great-granddaughter, Mary Jacqueline Astor (b. 1949), who married John Rozet Drexel IV (b. 1945), great-great-grandson of Anthony Joseph Drexel, in 1984. Gretsch was also the grandfather of Marion G. Wells, daughter of Louis and Marion Downey Gretsch. He is the adoptive great-great grandfather of businessman John Flemm.
On April 11, 1895, Gretsch traveled aboard the SS Fürst Bismarck to Hamburg to visit family and expand his business into Europe. His arrival coincided with the 1881–1896 cholera pandemic. Gretsch contracted the disease within days of his arrival and died, at the age of 38, on April 28, 1895.
# WGYS

WGYS may refer to:
* WGYS (FM), a radio station (91.9 FM) licensed to serve Rumford, Maine, United States
* WGYS-LP, a defunct low-power radio station (102.3 FM) licensed to serve Dixfield, Maine, United States
* WTLP, a radio station (103.9 FM) licensed to serve Braddock Heights, Maryland, United States, which held the call sign WGYS from 2006 to 2007
# North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources

The North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources is a cabinet-level department within the state government of North Carolina dedicated to overseeing projects in the arts, culture, and history within the borders of the state. The current Secretary of Natural and Cultural Resources, the cabinet-level officer who oversees the department, is D. Reid Wilson. Wilson has been in office since January 2021 and was immediately preceded by Susi Hamilton, who served as secretary from 2017 to 2020

## History

The department was founded as the North Carolina Department of Art, Culture, and History. It became operational on January 25, 1972. Its first secretary was Sam Ragan, poet and arts advocate who later became North Carolina Poet Laureate. It was renamed to Department of Cultural Resources in 1973. In 1973, Grace Rohrer succeeded Ragan, becoming the first woman to hold a cabinet-level office in North Carolina.
Many of the offices and divisions of the department were founded as separate institutions, such as the State Library of North Carolina, founded in 1812, the North Carolina Museum of History, founded in 1902, and the North Carolina Symphony, founded in 1943. These organizations either remained independent or were gradually combined under the Office of Archives and History until 1971, when the Department of Cultural Resources became the first cabinet-level office of any state in the United States to deal solely with history, the arts, and cultural knowledge.
On September 18, 2015, the Department of Cultural Resources was renamed the Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. The name change came with a transfer of several divisions to the department, including North Carolina's state parks, aquariums, zoological park, museum of natural sciences, the Clean Water Trust Fund and the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program.

## Property and holdings

The Department of Natural and Cultural Resources supervises and cares for a large number of historic sites, documents, pieces of art, and other items and places of cultural value for the state. The State Archives, for instance, contain over 100 million historic documents, including North Carolina's copy of the United States Bill of Rights and the original 1663 charter for the colony as granted by Charles II of England. Perhaps the most prominent building supervised by the department is the North Carolina State Capitol, an 1840 Greek Revival building that contains a substantial number of historic artifacts, furniture, and monuments related to the history of North Carolina. The North Carolina General Assembly's appropriation in 1947 of $1 million for the purchase of artworks and sculpture to be housed in the Museum of Art made it the first state in the nation to use public funds for the purpose of building a state art collection

## Department structure

The department is organized in the following manner (all divisions located in Raleigh unless otherwise noted):

## Other responsibilities

The Department of Natural and Cultural Resources also oversees the North Carolina Award.
# Saint-Félicien, Ardèche

Saint-Félicien (French pronunciation: ; Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Farcian) is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

## Personalities linked to Saint-Félicien

* Marie-France Banc (1876 - 1965), Righteous Among the Nations. Under the name Sister Mary of the Angels, Mother Superior Banc ran the two boarding houses in Saint-Félicien during World War II and protected two Jewish children for two years. She died in Saint-Félicien in 1965.