OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kneading (cats)

Kneading (often referred to as making biscuits) is a behavior frequently observed in domestic cats where, when a cat feels at ease, it may push out and pull in its front paws against a surface such as furniture or carpet, or against another pet or human, often alternating between right and left limbs. Each stroke is accompanied by a grasping motion of the claws as if the cat were kneading dough.

## Action

The cat exerts firm downwards pressure with its paw, opening its toes to expose its claws, then closes its claws as it lifts its paw. The process takes place with alternate paws at intervals of one to two seconds. They may do this while sitting on their owner's lap, which may prove painful if the cat is large or strong or has sharp claws (as the claws tend to dig into one's lap). Though cats will sit happily on a hard surface, they will only knead a soft or pliant surface, although some cats will reflexively "march" on hard surfaces instead of kneading them.
In a garden where cats are to be found, sheltered areas can often reveal the "wild" results of kneading: round, cat-sized nests trodden into long grass. Domestic cats also make "nests" out of cardboard boxes and other such things. They do this also by kneading with their claws out, in a manner such as to scratch and soften some of the material. This action is different in manner, body language and intent from kneading when they are happy.
Cats knead soft objects such as teddy bears. Cats may adopt a blanket and use it like a security blanket. This will include much kneading, purring and suckling of the blanket. In some cases, cats have been observed to exhibit sexual movements, not unlike a dog "humping" a human leg, accompanying the kneading and suckling. Kittens who are taken away from their mothers before they are fully weaned may also develop a habit of kneading a human whom they have adopted as a maternal figure, and may also attempt suckling their ear, eye, nose, toe, hair, shirt, socks, or fingers. Cats mainly do so as kittens, but sometimes the behavior continues into adult life.

## Theories

Many theories exist that explain why cats knead. Kneading may have an origin going back to cats' wild ancestors who had to tread down grass or foliage to make a temporary nest in which to rest. Alternatively, the behavior may be a remnant of a newborn's kneading of the mother's teat to stimulate milk secretion. Kneading may also be a form of communication between owner and feline: because of the action's maternal connection, the behavior may be a communication of affection towards the cat's human companion.
Many cats purr while kneading. They also purr mostly when newborn, when feeding, or when trying to feed on their mother's teat. The common association between the two behaviors may indicate the origin of kneading as a remnant instinct. Some experts consider kneading to stimulate the cat and make it feel good, in the same manner as stretching.
# Ministry of Education (Maldives)

The Ministry of Education is the Maldivian government sector responsible for education and providing public schools with funding necessary for the education institutions. Incumbent Minister is Dr. Ismail Shafeeu
The Ministry Of Education directs the formulation and implementation of education policies. It has control of the development and administration of the Government and Government-aided primary schools, secondary schools, junior colleges, and a centralized institute. It also registers private schools. It was introduced in 1965 shortly after the Independence of Maldives from the British. The Maldivian education system was revolutionized after the introduction of the MOE.
A survey of Maldives Schools in 1992 showed that the total number of pupils in Maldives was 73,642 and the number of government and private schools were 32,475 and 41,167 respectively.
# 1884 in Sweden

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1884 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Oscar II
* Prime Minister – Carl Johan Thyselius, Robert Themptander

## Events

* - The court case of the short story collection Getting Married by August Strindberg, one of the most known incidents of the ongoing so called Sedlighetsdebatten.
* - The women's organization Fredrika-Bremer-Förbundet is founded in Stockholm. It is followed by the woman's organisation Göteborgs Kvinnoförening in Gothenburg.
* - May - Karolina Widerström becomes the first woman to graduate in medicine in Sweden.
* - First issue of ATL Lantbrukets Affärstidning
* - The toy company Brio is founded.
* - First issue of Svenska Dagbladet
* - The nursing college Sophiahemmet University College is founded in Stockholm by the queen.
* - The appointment of the Workers' Insurance Committee
** Which led in turn to the 1889 Workers' Safety Act and the foundation of the Labor Inspectorate, as well as the 1891 National Health Insurance Act

## Births

* 7 January – Carl Gustaf Lewenhaupt, equestrian (died 1935)
* 29 January – Rickard Sandler, 20th prime minister (died 1964)
* 9 March – Carl Holmberg, gymnast (died 1909).
* 11 March – Lewi Pethrus, minister and hymnwriter (died 1974)
* 31 March – Axel Ljung, gymnast (died 1938).
* 2 April – Gösta Adrian-Nilsson (died 1965)
* 11 May – Otto von Rosen, military officer, sport shooter (died 1963)
* 17 June – Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (died 1965)
* 25 May – Gösta Lilliehöök, modern pentathlete (died 1974).
* 30 August – Theodor Svedberg, chemist (died 1971)
* 1 September – Sigurd Wallén, actor (died 1947)
* 4 July – Gustaf Malmström, wrestler (died 1970).
* 30 November – Ture Rangström, composer (died 1944)

## Deaths

* 2 October - Carolina Granberg, ballerina (born 1818)
* 22 November - Wilhelmina Gravallius, writer (born 1809)
* Lovisa Charlotta Borgman, violinist (born 1798)
* Therese Kamph, educational reformer (born 1836)
# Richard Ngarava

Richard Ngarava (born 29 December 1997) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Zimbabwe against Free State in the 2016 Africa T20 Cup on 9 September 2016. Earlier, he was part of Zimbabwe's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

## Career

He made his List A debut for Zimbabwe A against Afghanistan A during Afghanistan's tour to Zimbabwe on 3 February 2017. Following the List A matches, Ngarava was added to Zimbabwe's One Day International (ODI) squad for the five-match series against Afghanistan. He made his ODI debut for Zimbabwe against Afghanistan at the Harare Sports Club on 16 February 2017. Also in February 2017, he was named in an academy squad by Zimbabwe Cricket to tour England later that year.
He made his first-class debut for Rising Stars in the 2017–18 Logan Cup on 4 October 2017. In June 2018, he was named in a Board XI team for warm-up fixtures ahead of the 2018 Zimbabwe Tri-Nation Series.
In September 2018, he was named in Zimbabwe's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup tournament. Later the same month, he was named in Zimbabwe's Test squad for the series against Bangladesh. However, he was later ruled out of the Test series due to injury.
In September 2019, he was named in Zimbabwe's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the 2019–20 Singapore Tri-Nation Series. He made his T20I debut for Zimbabwe, against Singapore, in the Singapore Tri-Nation Series on 27 September 2019. In February 2021, Ngarava was named in Zimbabwe's Test squad for their series against Afghanistan. In April 2021, he was named in Zimbabwe's Test squad, for the series against Pakistan. He made his Test debut for Zimbabwe, against Pakistan, on 29 April 2021.
# The Power of One

The Power of One or Power of One may refer to:

## Music

* "Power of One" (song), a 1995 single by Merril Bainbridge
* The Power of One (album), a 2009 album by Israel Houghton
* "The Power of One" (song), a 2000 single by Donna Summer from the Pokémon: The Movie 2000 soundtrack
* The Power of One (soundtrack), soundtrack to the 1992 film
* The Power of One, a song by Sonata Arctica on the album Silence
* Power of One, an album by Lizard. Also a song on the album of the same name.

## Film and television

* The Power of One (film), a 1992 film based on the novel of the same name
* The Power of One (TV series), an Australian television series
* The Power of One, a segment of Pokémon: The Movie 2000
* "The Power of One", a children's program on the Christian-based Smile television network
* Cheetah: The Power of One, Hindi title of the 2005 Indian Telugu-language film Athadu

## Books

* The Power of One (novel), a 1989 novel by Bryce Courtenay
* Power of One, a book by Ron Luce

## Other

* The Power of One, a Canadian solar car team
# Tim Mason (bowls)

Timothy Mason (born September 16, 1974) is a Canadian lawn bowler from Penetanguishene, Ontario.

## Bowls career

He is a two time Canadian champion and has won both outdoor and indoor Canadian National Championship titles. He first played for Canada at the 2006 World Cup in Australia becoming a member of the Canadian National Team.
He is a four time international medalist, having won his first at the 2007 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships in Christchurch, New Zealand (silver in the triples and bronze in the fours) and again at the 2011 Asia Pacific Championships in Adelaide, Australia (double bronze in the pairs and fours). Along with a North American Championship Gold.
He was selected as a member of the Canadian 2014 Commonwealth Games team that participated in Glasgow Scotland. He competed in the triples and fours events.
He has represented his country at indoor, outdoor and short mat international championship. Previously he was a professional hockey player and he used his sports background to make the jump to lawn bowling.

## Personal life

He currently resides in West Vancouver, BC and is the president of the West Vancouver LBC and the marketing and sport advancement coordinator for Bowls BC.
# Yeates

Yeates is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dustin Yeates (born 2006), American Entrepreneur
* Comfort Yeates (born 2005), British trampoline gymnast
* David Yeates, Irish musician
* Fergus Yeates (1912–1992), Australian cricketer
* Gregor W. Yeates (1944–2012), New Zealand nematologist
* Herbert Yeates (1879–1945), Australian politician.
* J. Lanier Yeates (born 1945), American writer
* Jasper Yeates (1745–1817), American lawyer and judge
* Jeff Yeates (born 1951), American football player
* Jesse Johnson Yeates (1829–1892), American politician
* Joanna Yeates (1985–2010), English landscape architect who was murdered
* John Yeates (born 1938), Australian football player
* John Stuart Yeates (1900–1986), New Zealand botanist
* Mark Yeates (born 1985), Irish football player
* Mark Yeates (Australian rules footballer) (born 1960)
* Martin Yeates (born 1953), English motorcycle racer
* Thomas Yeates (born 1955), American comics artist
* Thomas Yeates (orientalist) (1768–1869), English linguist
* Victor Maslin Yeates (1897–1934), English fighter pilot and writer
* Victoria Yeates (born 1983), English actress
# The Wil-Fra-Mar

The Wil-Fra-Mar is a historic apartment building located at Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built in 1897, and is a three-story, six bay wide, yellow brick building. It has double recessed entries and stripped down Romanesque Revival style details.$^{:Part1,p.33–34}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# High Cross, Hampshire

High Cross is a village in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It lies in Froxfield and Privett parish, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Petersfield, north of the A272 road.
The nearest railway station is 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of the village, at Petersfield.
St Peter's church was built in 1862. Today the parish is part of the Steep and Froxfield with Privett benefice, a group of four rural parishes.
Amenities in the village include Froxfield village hall, Froxfield pre-school and primary school, and a shop with post office.
# Zheng Wei

Zheng Wei (Chinese: 郑伟; born June 13, 1981, in Qingdao) is a Chinese football player.

## Professional career
### Shanghai Shenhua

Zheng Wei started his football career with Shanghai 02 before the club were taken over by Shanghai Shenhua in 2002. Despite being promoted to Shenhua's senior team in 2002, he would have to wait until the 2004 league season before he could make his debut. He would eventually play in 5 league games for Shanghai in the 2004 league season. This however was to prove his most successful season with Shanghai, and despite staying with them for a further two seasons he could only make a further 3 appearances for them.

### Shanxi Baorong Chanba

Zheng Wei would have a loan period with Shanghai Zobon for one season before he would move to Shaanxi Baorong Chanba at the beginning of the 2007 league season where he immediately established himself as a versatile left midfielder and defensive midfielder. An immediate regular he would play in 23 league games in his debut season and see Shaanxi fight off relegation. With a fresh start in the 2008 league season, Zheng would spearhead the Shaanxi midfield that would fight for the league title, however despite an encouraging start to the season Shaanxi, finished fifth in the league. With the team unable to improve upon the previous season's results the club brought in Zhu Guanghu and then Milorad Kosanović to manage the team and Zheng saw his playing time reduced. By the end of the 2010 league season Zheng would be allowed to leave the club and he would return to Shanghai Shenhua.
# Harvey Worthington Loomis

Harvey Worthington Loomis (February 5, 1865, Brooklyn, New York – December 25, 1930, Boston, Massachusetts) was an American composer. He is remembered today for his associations with the Indianist movement and the Wa-Wan Press.

## Biography

Loomis was born in Brooklyn, New York, on February 5, 1865. He studied piano with Madeline Schiller. In his youth he won a scholarship of three years' study at the National Conservatory, where he studied with Antonín Dvořák, and quickly became a favored pupil of the Bohemian composer. He gained his greatest fame from the collection Lyrics of the Red Man, settings of American Indian songs rescored for piano. Loomis also composed works for children; also in his catalog may be found numerous stage works, including comic operas and pantomimes; sonatas for violin and for piano; and incidental music to numerous stage plays. Little of his music has been committed to disc, although some of the Lyrics may be found on a recording of Indianist piano music released by Naxos Records on the Marco Polo label.
Loomis died on Christmas Day, December 25, 1930.

## Works

* The Mandolin, opera
* The Song of the Pear, melodrama
* The Story of a Faithful Soul, melodrama
* The Maid of Athens, comic opera
* The Burglar's Bride, comic opera
* Going Up?, comic opera
* The Bey of Baba, comic opera
* Put to the Test, musical pantomime
* In Old New Amsterdam, musical pantomime
* The Enchanted Fountain, musical pantomime
* Love and Witchcraft, musical pantomime
* Blanc et Noir, musical pantomime
* Moonlight Serenade (for SAB choir; text by J. Lilian Vandevere; melody by Riccardo Drigo; arr. by Loomis)
# Nakoda people

The Nakoda (also known as Stoney, Îyârhe Nakoda, or Stoney Nakoda) are an Indigenous people in Western Canada and the United States.
Their territory used to be large parts of what is now Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Montana, but their reserves are now in Alberta and in Saskatchewan, where they are rarely differentiated from the Assiniboine.
They refer to themselves in their language as Nakoda, meaning 'friend, ally'. The name Stoney was given to them by Anglophone explorers, because of their technique of using fire-heated rocks to boil broth in rawhide bowls. They are very closely related to the Assiniboine, who are also known as Stone Sioux (from Ojibwe: asinii-bwaan).
The Nakoda First Nation in Alberta comprises three bands: Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney.
The Stoney were "excluded" from Banff National Park between 1890 and 1920. In 2010 they were officially "welcomed back".

## Nakoda groups

The Nakoda are descendants of individual bands of the Assiniboine, from whom they spun out as an independent group in about 1744. The Nakoda was divided geographically and culturally into two tribal groups or divisions with different dialects, which in turn were further divided into several bands:
Wood Stoney (Chan Tonga Nakoda – 'Big Woods People', often called Swampy Ground Assiniboine, northern tribal group)
* Alexis' band (Stoney, Métis, Woodland Cree)
* Paul's band (Danezaa, Stoney, Woodland Cree, Iroquois)
Mountain Stoney (Ye Xa Yabine Nakoda or Hebina – 'Rock Mountain People', often called Strong Wood Assiniboine, Thickwood Assiniboine, southern tribal group)
* Sharphead's band (Chipos Ostikwan's Nakoda, Wolf Creek Stoney, or Pigeon Lake Stoney, often called Plains Assiniboine) (Stoney, Métis)
* Stoney Nakoda First Nation, Comprising the three following bands:
** Wesley's (Goodstoney's) band (Stoney, Plains Cree, Métis)
** Chiniki's band (Métis, Stoney, Plains Cree)
** Bearspaw's band (Stoney, Cree)

## Treaties

Members of the Nakoda nations of Paul and Alexis signed an adhesion to Treaty 6 in 1877.
In 1877, representatives of the Nakoda Nations of Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney met with representatives of the British Crown to discuss the terms of Treaty 7. In exchange for the use of traditional lands, the Crown agreed to honour their right to self-government and an ancestral way of life. They were also promised reserve lands, 279 km$^2$ situated along the Bow River between the Kananaskis River and the Ghost River, which became the Big Horn, Stoney, and Eden Valley reserves, shared between the Bearspaw, Chiniki, and Goodstoney tribes.
# China National Highway 110 traffic jam

The China National Highway 110 traffic jam was a recurring traffic jam that began to form on 14 August 2010, mostly on China National Highway 110 (G110) and the Beijing–Tibet expressway (G6), in Hebei and Inner Mongolia. The traffic jam slowed thousands of vehicles for more than 100 kilometers (60 mi) and lasted for 12 days. Many drivers were able to move their vehicles only 1 km (0.6 mi) per day, and some drivers reported being stuck in the traffic jam for five days. It is considered to be the longest traffic jam in recorded history.

## Cause

Traffic on the China National Highway 110 had grown 40 percent every year, in the previous several years, making the highway chronically congested. The traffic volume at the time of the incident was 60% more than the design capacity.
The cause of the traffic jam was reported to be a spike in traffic by heavy trucks heading to Beijing, along with National Highway 110's maintenance work that began five days later. The road construction which reduced the road capacity by 50% contributed heavily to the traffic jam and was not due to be completed until mid-September. Police reported that minor breakdowns and accidents were compounding the problem.
Greatly increased coal production in Inner Mongolia was transported to Beijing along this route because of the lack of railway capacity, which overloaded the highway. 602 million tons of coal were mined and transported in 2009; production was expected to rise to 730 million tons in 2010. An additional factor is efforts by overloaded trucks that lacked proper paperwork for their cargo to avoid a coal quality supervision and inspection station on China National Highway 208.

## Effect and end

Locals near the highway sold various goods like water, instant noodles, and cigarettes at inflated prices to the stranded drivers. A bottle of water normally cost 1 yuan, but on the highway it was sold for 15 yuan. Drivers also complained that the price of instant noodles had more than tripled. Some vendors created mobile stores on bicycles.
Authorities tried to speed up traffic by allowing more trucks to enter Beijing, especially at night. They also asked trucking companies to suspend operations or take alternative routes.
By 26 August 2010, the traffic jam had largely dissipated, reportedly due to the efforts of authorities. Between Beijing and Inner Mongolia, only minor traffic slowdowns were reported near toll booths.
# Matt Casamassina

Matt Casamassina is a video game journalist, businessman, and novelist, and a founding editor of IGN. He quit working for IGN on April 23, 2010. In his time at the site, he was the author of many reviews and previews of games by video game developer and publisher Nintendo. He resides in Los Angeles, California, is married and has three children.
Casamassina started in 1997 as editor of the website N64.com, which soon became the Nintendo 64 section of the IGN site and whose domain name now redirects to Nintendo's official website.
Casamassina also appeared on the G4 television program Attack of the Show! as a guest star and as a character model in the Nintendo 64 game Perfect Dark. He, along with Craig Harris, Chadd Chambers, and Peer Schneider, has become one of the main characters in the IGN-published webcomic Cubetoons.
Casamassina independently published his first novel, Dead Weight, in 2016. In 2017, Casamassina founded Rogue Games Inc., which has developed and released games such as Fisti-fluffs, The Pocket Arcade, and Under: Depths of Fear.

## Work
### Apple

On April 22, 2010, Casamassina announced on his blog that he would be leaving IGN to work for Apple, where he was the editorial manager of the iOS App Store.

### Novels

Casamassina is the author of two novels: Dead Weight (2016) and Sophistication (2018).
# Wasseiges

Wasseiges (French pronunciation:; Walloon: Wazedje) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.
On January 1, 2006, Wasseiges had a total population of 2,517. The total area is 24.45 km² which gives a population density of 103 inhabitants per km².
The municipality consists of the following districts: Acosse, Ambresin, Meeffe, and Wasseiges.