OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nernst lamp

The Nernst lamp was an early form of incandescent lamp.

## Construction

Nernst lamps did not use a glowing tungsten filament. Instead, they used a ceramic rod that was heated to incandescence. Because the rod (unlike tungsten wire) would not further oxidize when exposed to air, there was no need to enclose it within a vacuum or noble gas environment; the burners in Nernst lamps could operate exposed to the air and were only enclosed in glass to isolate the hot incandescent emitter from its environment. A ceramic of zirconium oxide – yttrium oxide was used as the glowing rod.

## Efficiency

Developed by the German physicist and chemist Walther Nernst in 1897 at the University of Göttingen, these lamps were about twice as efficient as carbon-filament lamps and emitted a more "natural" light (more similar in spectrum to daylight). The lamps were quite successfully marketed for a time, although they eventually lost out to the more efficient tungsten-filament incandescent light bulb. One disadvantage of the Nernst design was that the ceramic rod was not electrically conductive at room temperature, so the lamps needed a separate heater filament to heat the ceramic sufficiently to begin conducting electricity.

## Manufacturing

In the U.S., Nernst sold the patent to George Westinghouse, who founded the Nernst Lamp Company at Pittsburgh in 1901. Minerals for the production of the glowers were extracted from the company's own mines at the legendary Barringer Hill, Texas (since 1937 submerged beneath the waters of Lake Buchanan). By 1904 a total of over 130,000 Nernst lamps had been placed in service throughout the country.
In Europe, the lamps were produced by the German Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG, General Electricity Company) at Berlin. At the 1900 World's Fair held in Paris, the pavilion of the AEG was illuminated by 800 Nernst lamps, which was said to be quite spectacular at the time.

## Scientific use

In addition to their usage for ordinary electric illumination, Nernst lamps were used in one of the first practical long-distance photoelectric facsimile (fax) systems, designed by professor Arthur Korn in 1902, and in Allvar Gullstrand's original slit lamp (1911) which is used for ophthalmology to allow physicians to view the inside of a patient's eye and contributed to Gullstrand's Nobel Prize award.
Even after Nernst lamps became obsolete as visible light lamps, "Nernst glowers" continue to be used as the infrared-emitting source used in IR spectroscopy devices. Their emission of infrared makes them inefficient as visible light sources, but perfect for IR spectroscopy applications. Silicon carbide Globars now compete for this purpose as they are conductive even at room temperature and therefore need no preheating.
# Battle of Kheli Hama

The Battle of Kheli Hama was an ambush on the PUK by Ansar al-Islam in the village of Kheli Hama in the Halabja Governorate. It took place 13 days after the September 11 attacks, although there was no connection between them.

## Attack

The attack happened at 3:00 in the afternoon. Ansar al-Islam fighters launched a surprise attack from 3 sides against the PUK forces stationed in the village. Because the PUK forces were off guard and not expecting any attacks by Ansar al-Islam, the Ansar fighters dealt one of their deadliest blows. The PUK were pushed out and the village of Kheli Hama briefly fell under Ansar control. After 24 hours of Ansar al-Islam occupying the village as part of their Islamic Emirate of Kurdistan, the PUK returned with more soldiers, backup soldiers, and United States support, and took the village back. A total of 15 Ansar al-Islam fighters and 42 PUK fighters were killed, and an additional 8 PUK held captive by Ansar al-Islam.

## Aftermath

In 2018, a monument dedicated to the PUK soldiers who died in the attack was built in Sharazoor, close to Kheli Hama. In February 2021, a local Kurdish man from Sharazoor was arrested by the Asayish for writing Ansar al-Islam graffiti on the wall of the monument. During the interrogation, he pleaded guilty instantly. Soran Omar would later go on trial for his alleged involvement.
# Un corazón herido

Un corazon herido is the seventh album by Mexican pop singer Yuri. It was released in 1986 by EMI Music. The album sold 250,000 copies and was certified Platinum.

## Production

* Executive producer: Miguel Blasco
* Art director: Miguel Blasco
* Director: Gian Pietro Felisatti
* Musical arrangements: Gian Pietro Felisatti, Jesús Glück and Luis Carlos Esteban
* Recording studio: MILAN-BABY ESTUDIO and MADRID-EUROSONIC
* Sound engineer: J. Alvarez Alija
* Additional engineer: Alberto Pinto
* Assistant: Antonio Alvarez
* Photography: Antonio Parra
* Graphic design: ZEN
* Stylist: Manuel

## Singles

* "Es ella más que yo"
* "Mama Dame"
* "Un Corazón Herido"

### Singles charts

| Title | Mexico | Argentina | Colombia | Costa Rica | Guatemala | Nicaragua | US Latin | Venezuela |
| "Es ella más que yo" | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 1 |
| "Un corazón herido" | 1 | 15 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 10 |
# Naoki Kawano

Naoki Kawano (川野 直輝, Kawano Naoki, born February 22, 1982) is a Japanese actor and musician from Mobara, Chiba Prefecture. He is a former Johnny's Jr. member and is no longer represented by Johnny & Associates. While a Johnny's Jr., he was part of Kaidan Trio, TOKYO, and Kawano Band. He was also formerly the drummer of the rock band Dustz, fronted by fellow actor Ray Fujita. His debut role as an actor was as the antagonist Long in the Super Sentai series Juken Sentai Gekiranger.

## Filmography

* The little girl in me (2012)
* 125 Years Memory (2015)
* Flower and Snake: Zero (2014)
# Glen Haven, Nova Scotia

Glen Haven (population 204) is a small coastal community within the Halifax Regional Municipality of Nova Scotia, Canada, about 40 km from Halifax city centre. It is situated on the shore of the St. Margarets Bay immediately adjacent to Tantallon and French Village along Route 333, also known as Peggy's Cove Road.
It was once a part of French Village and was settled around 1785 by a number of foreign Protestants from Lunenburg County. Around 1900, Gordon Hubley organized a petition to create a separate community with a new name - and its own post office. Family names of settlers including Boutilier, Hubley and Dauphinee can still be found in the bay area.
Within the community is a peninsula called Indian Point that stretches into the bay. At its tip are two small islands: Big Indian Island and Little Indian Island. All three are so named because of arrowheads that have been found there in the past, suggesting that this was once a Mi'kmaq summer camping ground. Big Indian Island is also popularly referred to as Micou's Island. It is a tidal island accessible by a sandbar at low tide which has become a popular beach during summer months.

## Notable events

The 2009 Nautel Laser Yacht World Championship was held at the St. Margaret Sailing Club.
# Nedeljko Jurić

Nedeljko Jurić (born 18 July 1978) is a Bosnian retired football player.

## Club career

Jurić joined second tier Drinovci from top-level side Zrinjski in 2003. He left Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2013 to play for Austrian amateur side USV Eichgraben.

## International career

He made two appearances for Bosnia and Herzegovina at the August 2001 LG Cup, an unofficial match against South Africa and an official international match against Iran.
# Ulla Pursiheimo

Ulla Irmeli Pursiheimo (born May 4, 1944) is a Finnish mathematician who became the first female mathematics professor in Finland. Her areas of interest in mathematics include mathematical optimization, control theory, search games, and later in her career mathematics education.
Pursiheimo earned her doctorate from the University of Turku in 1971. Her dissertation, Optimization of Search With Constant Spreading Speed of Effort, was supervised by Olavi Hellman [fi]. She became a full professor of mathematics at the University of Turku in 1974, and retired to become a professor emerita in 1999.
# Shimul Javeri Kadri

Shimul Javeri Kadri is an Indian architect who is the founder of SJK Architects, an architectural firm in the city of Mumbai, India.
It has won multiple international & national awards including the Prix Versailles Award (2016) and the World Architecture Festival Award (2012). It has also been named one of Architectural Digest's Top 100 (AD 100) and Top 50 (AD50) that features the most influential architects and interior designers in India. Kadri has a philosophy of building in harmony with nature—using natural elements, sunlight, wind, natural materials, and cultural contexts.
Her projects include museums, hotels, office and industrial buildings, educational institutions, and bungalows.

## Biography

Kadri is the youngest of three children and was thirteen years old when she decided she wanted to be an architect. Kadri studied architecture in Mumbai at the Academy of Architecture where she graduated in 1985. Starting in 1986 she studied urban planning at the University of Michigan Ann Arbor. After graduate school, she began her career working for a company in California. She set up SJK Architects after she returned to India from the US in 1990.
Other significant projects include the Synergy Lifestyles factory in Karur, Sparkrill International School and SR Engineering College in Warangal and Ayushakti, an ayurvedic health resort in Mumbai. The challenge was to build this ayurvedic resort in a crowded Mumbai suburb within a narrow 16 m wide plot bounded on three sides by residential buildings, yet infuse it with light, air, space, joy and peace. Kadri's other works include leading the design for a hotel at Bodh Gaya, and an apartment building in Chennai.
Shimul serves as a trustee for Akshara, a women's resource centre in Mumbai a for Save the Children India where she has been actively steering education and women's projects.

## Honors and awards

Award-winning buildings she has designed include the Automobile Design Studio for Mahindra and Mahindra Limited, India, which won the Chicago Athenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design Award 2016. The design of the Dasavatara Hotel in Tirupati, India won the Prix Versailles Special Prize in 2016, while the design of the Lotus Cafe in the same hotel won the Prix Versailles in the Restaurants category. The design and architecture of the Nirvana Films office, Bengaluru, has won multiple awards including the World Architecture Festival Small Project of the Year Award 2012, the Excellence in Design Award, and the FuturArc Green Leadership Award.
In 2018 Architectural Digest named her firm as one of their AD100 awards.
# Salado Springs

Salado Springs is the name of five groups of springs at the town of Salado in Bell County, Texas, in the United States. The springs are located 48 miles (77 km) north of Austin or 135 miles (217 km) south of Dallas.
The springs, which are not saline (salado is Spanish for "salty"), were likely named for Salado Creek.

## Geography and natural history

The Salado Springs are located in the Balcones Fault zone, and they reach the surface through artesian pressure by way of faults in the Cretaceous Edwards limestone. The main recharge area for the springs is probably several miles to the southwest in Williamson County, where several faults intersect with Salado Creek.
The larger of the springs include Robertson Springs, Big Boiling Spring, Elm, Benedict, and Anderson springs. The latter three are located downstream (east) of the others. During the 1980s, the combined flow from all of the springs averaged approximately 122 U.S. gallons per second (460 liters per second).
The Balcones Fault Zone at Barton Springs is a demarcation line for certain ecological systems and species distributions. For example, the California Fan Palm, Washingtonia filifera is distributed strictly west of Barton Springs or the Balcones Fault.

## History

The Salado Springs area was occupied for many years by the Tawakoni Indians, and by Paleo Indian peoples for thousands of years before that. Spanish explorer Juan Antonio Bustillo y Ceballos probably visited the springs in 1732 as he traveled westward through the region. The area was settled by Archibald Willingham in 1851 and subsequently became a well-known stage stop, as well as a stop on the Chisholm Trail. A dam was built in 1863 to power a mill, but this flooded some of the springs. A court order finally caused the dam to be lowered in 1878.
# Pachandi railway station

vteAhmadpur–Katwa line :
Legend :
Pachandi railway station is a railway station in Ahmadpur–Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Pachandi of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

Ahmedpur–Katwa narrow-gauge railway line connecting Ahmedpur and Katwa was established on 29 September 1917 by McLeod's Light Railways. Indian Railways had taken over the operation of this narrow-gauge railway from McLeod and Company in 1966. After closing this track in 2013 the railway section was converted into 1,676 millimetres (5 feet 6.0 inches) broad gauge in 1917. The conversion work started in 2013 and was completed in early 2017. The track including Pachandi railway station was reopened for the public on 24 May 2018.
# Sophie Ristelhueber

Sophie Ristelhueber (born 1949) is a French photographer. Her photographs concern the human impact of war. Ristelhueber has photographed extensively in the Balkans and Middle East. Her work has been exhibited at the Tate Modern and the National Gallery of Canada.

## Life and work

Ristelhueber was born in Paris, and currently resides there. Her work Fait examines the destruction wrought during the Gulf War. In March 2010 she won the Deutsche Börse Photography Prize, which was presented to her by film director Terry Gilliam.
Sophie Ristelhueber was awarded Hasselblad Award in 2025
# Poor as a Church Mouse

Poor as a Church Mouse (German: Arm wie eine Kirchenmaus) is a 1931 German musical comedy film directed by Richard Oswald and starring Grete Mosheim, Anton Edthofer and Hans Thimig. It was based on the 1928 play A templom egere by Ladislas Fodor, which has been turned into several films including the 1934 British comedy The Church Mouse. The film's art direction was overseen by Franz Schroedter. It premiered at the Gloria-Palast in Berlin.

## Cast

* Grete Mosheim as Susi Sachs
* Anton Edthofer as Baron Thomas von Ullrich
* Hans Thimig as Frany, der Barons Sohn
* Paul Hörbiger as Count Friedrich Thalheim
* Fritz Grünbaum as Schünzl
* Paul Morgan as Quapil
* Charlotte Ander as Olly Frey, Sekretärin
* Trude Hesterberg
* Senta Söneland
* Rina Marsa
* Ernst Wurmser
* Arthur Mainzer
* Monsieur Thonny
* Gerd Oswald

## Production and reception

In that production, "Oswald emphasized the importance of sustaining the source text while applying the laws of films" according to Christiane Schönfield.
The film was noted for the scene in "which includes performances of the film's title song in which lengthy moving camera shots show multiple actors who sing in traversing large sets."
# Declan Carlile

Declan Carlile (born May 18, 2000) is an American professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for the Syracuse Crunch of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Playing career

Carlile was named to the Hockey East All-Rookie team and was a finalist for the Hockey East Rookie of the year award after completing his freshman season with Merrimack College.
On February 1, 2021, Carlile was named as a nominee for the Hobey Baker Award.
Carlile decided to turn pro after three seasons at Merrimack College and going undrafted in the NHL Entry Draft. Carlile had two years remaining of eligibility to continue playing college hockey
On March 16, 2022, the Tampa Bay Lightning signed Carlile as an undrafted free agent out of Merrimack College. Carlile posted 13 goals and 56 points in his career with the Warriors.
During the 2023–24 season, on January 4, 2024, Carlile made his NHL debut with the Lightning against the Minnesota Wild at the Xcel Energy Center The Lightning defeated the Wild 4–1 that night.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2018–19 | Lincoln Stars | USHL | 32 | 3 | 11 | 14 | 35 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018–19 | Muskegon Lumberjacks | USHL | 27 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 26 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 16 |
| 2019–20 | Merrimack College | HE | 34 | 4 | 18 | 22 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | Merrimack College | HE | 14 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021–22 | Merrimack College | HE | 35 | 7 | 17 | 24 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021–22 | Syracuse Crunch | AHL | 10 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2022–23 | Syracuse Crunch | AHL | 69 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 39 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 2023–24 | Syracuse Crunch | AHL | 61 | 7 | 20 | 27 | 26 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| 2023–24 | Tampa Bay Lightning | NHL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
# Nora Gúnera de Melgar

Alba Nora Gúnera Osorio (May 1942 – 1 October 2021) was a Honduran politician and wife of General Juan Alberto Melgar, the Honduran military Head of State from 1975 to 1978. After being elected mayor of Tegucigalpa, she ran for presidency for the National Party in 1997 elections, but lost to Liberal Party nominee Carlos Roberto Flores. She served as the 6th Vice-President of the National Congress of Honduras during the 2010-2014 legislature.
# Special Forces of Azerbaijan

The Special Forces of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Xüsusi Təyinatlı Qüvvələri) is a special forces unit of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

## History

It was established in April 1999 under the Ministry of Defense. The formation of the unit was attended by officers and warrant officers who participated in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War of 1991–1994. The Turkish Special Forces Command played a special role in the formation of the Azerbaijani special forces. On 29 April 2015, in commemoration of the 16th anniversary of their formation a ceremony of presenting battle flags to the newly created special forces units took place. On 26 June 2018, a military parade was held in Baku on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan, with the formation from the Special Forces being led by General Hikmet Mirzaev. On 20 June 2020, a new Special Forces unit was created. In late July and early August of that year, a series of large-scale tactical joint Azerbaijani-Turkish exercises took place on the territory of Azerbaijan, in the first stage of which units of the Azerbaijani Special Forces were also involved.

### Battles and wars

During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, personnel of the Special Forces captured the city of Jebrayil and nine surrounding villages from the Armenian Armed Forces. On November 8, Aliyev congratulated the commander of the Special Forces on their "liberation of Shusha". Many of the tactical victory in the war were attributed to "saboteur groups" from the Special Forces that provided target coordinates from their positions on the ground as well as entered the city and pushed the Armenian Army out from the city center. The war was considered to be first time Azerbaijan has actively used all of its special forces units.
Typically 30 out of 500 candidates earn the "Maroon beret" certificate. Cadets are taught to survive and execute their mission, even if they are hungry and thirsty for days. They are taught to eat whatever they find, such as frogs and snakes. They receive weapons training covering firearms and explosives. Officers operate under the rank of ensign.

## Equipment

* Zafer P
* Inam
* Glock 19
* Heckler & Koch MP5
* IMI Uzi
* Aztex AR-15
* M4 carbine
* M16 rifle
* Heckler & Koch G36
* SIG SG 550
* IWI Tavor X95
* IMI Tavor TAR-21
* MPT-76

## Notable personnel

* Murad Mirzayev
* Samid Imanov
* Zaur Mammadov
* Anar Aliyev

## Gallery

* Members of the Azerbaijani Special Forces during a military parade in Baku 2011.
* President Ilham Aliyev during a visit a special forces military unit in Aghdam.
* Soldiers of the Special Forces during the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade on Red Square.
* A 70-man formation of servicemen in the Special Forces, led by Major Mehdi Mahmudov, marching into Red Square.
* Training at a military unit of Defense Ministry's Special Forces.
* Servicemen of the Special Forces of the Ministry of Defense at the Baku Victory Parade of 2020.
# The Maples (Cazenovia, New York)

The Maples is a historic farmstead located at Cazenovia in Madison County, New York. The frame farmhouse was built about 1835 and is a 1+1⁄2-story, rectangular frame residence in the Greek Revival style. It features a gable roof and monumental classical portico of fluted Doric order columns. Also on the property are two historic barns.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
# The McKay

The McKay is a historic apartment building in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built in 1924, and is a three-story, trapezoidal shaped, Art Deco style brown cinder brick and concrete building on a raised basement. It has a one-story entrance foyer addition and Art Deco bas-relief carvings.$^{:Part2,p.346–47}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Glenville, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia

Glenville is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Cumberland County.
45°41′35″N 63°56′59″W﻿ / ﻿45.69306°N 63.94972°W﻿ / 45.69306; -63.94972﻿ (Glenville, Nova Scotia)
# Girish Gangadharan

Girish Gangadharan ISC (born 8 March 1982) is an Indian cinematographer known for his work in Malayalam and Tamil films. He is the recipient of the National Film Award for Best Cinematography for his work in the 2019 film Jallikkattu directed by Lijo Jose Pellissery, which was India's official entry to that year's Oscars. Additionally, he has also worked on Tamil-language blockbusters like Sarkar and Vikram.

## Career

Girish completed his cinematography course at the Government Film and Television Institute, Bengaluru, in 2008. Post-graduation, he started assisting Sameer Thahir. His debut as an independent cinematographer was in Sameer Thahir's directorial debut in 2013, Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi. Following his debut, some of his most notable works include Guppy (2016), Angamaly Diaries (2017), Swathanthryam Ardharathriyil (2018), and Jallikattu (2019). He rose to national fame after the 11-minute single-long take in the climax of the Angamaly Diaries. In the same manner, he also captured long takes in Jallikattu also. In 2016, he won the Kerala State Film Award – Special Mention for Guppy. In 2021, he won the National Film Award for Best Cinematography for Jallikattu.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Language | Notes |
| 2013 | Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi | Malayalam | Debut |
| 2014 | Mariyam Mukku | Malayalam | |
| 2016 | Kali | Malayalam | |
| 2016 | Guppy | Malayalam | Kerala State Film Award - Special Mention |
| 2017 | Angamaly Diaries | Malayalam | |
| 2017 | Solo | Malayalam Tamil | Debut in Tamil cinema |
| 2017 | Hey Jude | Malayalam | |
| 2018 | Swathandriam Ardharathriyil | Malayalam | SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer |
| 2018 | Sarkar | Tamil | |
| 2019 | Jallikkattu | Malayalam | Nominee for Asian Film Award for Best Cinematographer and won National Film Award for Best Cinematography |
| 2021 | Cold Case | Malayalam | |
| 2021 | Bheemante Vazhi | Malayalam | |
| 2022 | Vikram | Tamil | |
| 2023 | Djinn | Malayalam | |
| 2023 | Neelavelicham | Malayalam | |
| 2025 | Kingdom † | Telugu | |
| 2025 | Coolie † | Tamil | |
| 2025 | Magic † | Telugu | |