OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of submissions to the 34th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film

This is a list of submissions to the 34th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film was created in 1956 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to honour non-English-speaking films produced outside the United States. The award is handed out annually, and is accepted by the winning film's director, although it is considered an award for the submitting country as a whole. Countries are invited by the Academy to submit their best films for competition according to strict rules, with only one film being accepted from each country.
For the 34th Academy Awards, thirteen films were submitted in the category Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Argentina, Austria and Switzerland submitted films for the first time. France and Italy both failed to be nominated for the first time since the introduction of the competitive award. The five nominated films came from Denmark, Japan, Mexico, Spain and Sweden.
Sweden and Ingmar Bergman won for the second year in a row with Through a Glass Darkly, which was also nominated in the subsequent year for Best Original Screenplay at the 35th Academy Awards.

## Submissions

| Submitting country | Film title used in nomination | Original title | Language(s) | Director(s) | Result |
| Argentina | Summer Skin | Piel de verano | Spanish | Leopoldo Torre Nilsson | Not nominated |
| Austria | Jedermann | Jedermann | German | Gottfried Reinhardt | Not nominated |
| Denmark | Harry and the Butler | Harry og kammertjeneren | Danish | Bent Christensen | Nominated |
| Egypt | Love and Faith | وا إسلاماه | Arabic | Enrico Bomba & Andrew Marton | Not nominated |
| France | Last Year at Marienbad | L'Année dernière à Marienbad | French | Alain Resnais | Not nominated |
| West Germany | The Miracle of Father Malachia | Das Wunder des Malachias | German | Bernhard Wicki | Not nominated |
| India | Stree | स्त्री | Hindi | Rajaram Vankudre Shantaram | Not nominated |
| Italy | The Night | La Notte | Italian | Michelangelo Antonioni | Not nominated |
| Japan | Immortal Love | 永遠の人 | Japanese | Keisuke Kinoshita | Nominated |
| Mexico | The Important Man | Ánimas Trujano | Spanish | Ismael Rodríguez | Nominated |
| Philippines | The Moises Padilla Story | The Moises Padilla Story | Tagalog, Filipino | Gerardo de León | Not nominated |
| Spain | Plácido | Plácido | Spanish | Luis García Berlanga | Nominated |
| Sweden | Through a Glass Darkly | Såsom i en spegel | Swedish | Ingmar Bergman | Won Academy Award |
| Switzerland | The Shadows Grow Longer | Die Schatten werden länger | German | Ladislao Vajda | Not nominated |
# Ivan Litvinchuk

Ivan Litvinchuk (pseudonym: Dubovyi; Іва́н Самі́йлович Литвинчу́к [Ivan Samiilovych Lytvynchuk], Iwan Łytwynczuk; born 1917 in Derman Druha or Biskupice Ruskie, died 1952 in Horokhiv Raion) was a commander of the military district of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), a war criminal, and a Major. He is believed to have been one of the organizers and initiators of the Volhynian massacre, recognized as a genocide. His units were among the first in Volhynia to begin the extermination of Poles.

## Biography

He was born in 1917 in Derman Druha, Volhynia, into a family of an Orthodox priest (according to other researchers, he was born in Biskupice Ruskie).
He studied at the Volhynian Orthodox Theological Academy in Kremenets. Between 1937 and 1939, he was imprisoned by Polish authorities for underground activities in the OUN.
In 1943, he organized UPA units in northeastern Volhynia and became the commander of the Military District (WO) UPA "Zahrawa".
Prosecutor Piotr Zając and historian Grzegorz Motyka suggest his possible involvement (together with Dmytro Klyachkivsky and Vasyl Ivakhiv) in the decision to carry out the Volhynian massacre. Units under Lytvynchuk's command were among the first in Volhynia to begin the extermination of Poles. Lytvynchuk directly participated in the destruction of the Janowa Dolina settlement, where his units murdered approximately 600 Poles, Lytvynchuk was particularly zealous in carrying out the murders of Poles, which he often boasted about.
He died in 1952 by blowing himself up in a bunker attacked by the NKVD in Horokhiv Raion in Volyn Oblast.

## Commemoration

A Memorial Cross was erected at the site of Ivan Lytvynchuk's death, and a school in the village of Zolochiv, Lviv Oblast was named after him.
# Almoravid campaign in central Iberia (1109–1110)

In the year 1109, the Almoravid leader Ali ibn Yusuf launched a campaign against the Kingdom of Castile. During the campaign, they captured Talavera and other towns and forts. but they failed to capture Toledo.

## Prelude

After two months passed since the Battle of Uclés, the Almoravid leader, Ali bin Yusuf, set sail to Andalusia in August. He left Ceuta with a large army and crossed the straits. He arrived in Cordoba, where he stayed for one month before beginning his campaign.

## Campaign

According to Muslim accounts, the Almoravids first went to Talavera de la Reina, which was situated on the Tagus River west of Toledo. The Almoravids assaulted the town and sacked it, killing and enslaving the inhabitants. The Almoravids also freed Muslim prisoners. The Christians who survived the onslaught escaped to the Kasbah. The Christians managed to escape the Kasbah, which allowed the Almoravids to capture it. The city was sacked, and it's church was returned as a mosque. Ali then established a strong garrison. The Almoravids then invaded the Toledo vicinity, assaulting and capturing 27 forts. They also captured Madrid and Guadalajara. They then invested in Toledo, but after a siege of 3 days, they retreated after ravaging it's vicinity.
Christian accounts, however, present different versions. The Almoravids first went to Toledo; they destroyed the castles of San Servando and Aceca. They then invested in Toledo. The city was defended Álvar Fáñez. The siege has lasted for seven days, during which the Castilians managed to repel the Almoravids attempts to capture the city, suffering heavy losses and many siege equipments in 1110. After the failed siege, the Almoravids assaulted and sacked Madrid, Talavera, Olmos, Canales, and many other towns, carrying a large number of prisoners and plunder.
After the campaign, Ali returned to Cordoba, then to Marrakesh. Despite the difference in both accounts, it agrees that the campaign was large and had effect on the Castilians.
# Victor Mukete

Victor Mukete (15 November 1918 – 10 April 2021) was a traditional Chief in Cameroon. He was a minister of Information in Nigeria before the reunification of Southern Cameroons with former French Cameroon from 1958 to 1959.
He was also a Senator.

## Personal life

Nfon Victor Esemingsongo Mukete was born on November 15, 1918, in Kumba. He married Hannah Ntoh Makia Mukete in 1953. Nfon Mukete had seven sons: Abel Mukete, Ekale Mukete,Colin Ebako Mukete, Mbe Mukete, Diko Mukete, Akwo Mukete and Ekoko Mukete.
He was the father of businessman Colin Ebarko Mukete.
Mukete died on 10 April 2021 at the age of 102, at the Yaounde Central Hospital after a prolonged illness.

## Education

Nfon Mukete was educated at Government School Kumba, 1926–32 and then proceeded to the prestigious Government College Umuahia, on a government scholarship for his secondary school studies from 1933 to 1938. In 1939, after Government College Umuahia, he proceeded to Higher College Yaba. Most of the students that went to Government College Umuahia went on to Yaba College which was the only science-based institution of higher learning at the time. He also attended University of Manchester, England, 1948–51 and Christ's College, Cambridge University from 1951 to 1952.
He was an agriculturist and botanist by training.

## Traditional Chief

Nfon VE Mukete was the supreme leader of the Bafaw. He sat at the Nfon palace in Kumba.
He was the author of a book, My Odyssey: History of the reunification of Cameroon.

## Politics

Nfon Victor Mukete was Nigerian Federal Minister without Portfolio in 1955 and then Minister of Research and Information from 1958 to 1959. This was the last political post he held in Nigeria before Southern Cameroon joined what became the Republic of Cameroon in October 1961.
His political stature continued to grow in a unified Cameroon. First he became Chairman of the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) from 1960 – 1982; and was sworn into the Cameroon National Assembly as a Judge of the Court of Impeachment. He later became a Member of the Economic and Social Council; Vice President of the Cameroon Chamber of Commerce, Mines, Industry and Crafts and is now its Honorary President.
Chief Mukete was the doyen d’age of the Cameroon Senate (oldest member of the Cameroonian Senate) and he remained just as influential in Cameroon at the age of 100 just as he was in Nigeria in the Pre-Independence Era.

## Books

My Odyssey: The Story of Cameroon Reunification With Authentic Letters Of Key Players. Yaounde, Cameroon : Eagle Publishing, [2013]
# Nasser Laham

Nasser Laham (born 20 April 1966) is a Palestinian journalist and director, He has had a career spanning over three decades, during which he worked in various mediums, including written, audio, and visual journalism. Laham was previously a communist and an activist during the first Intifada. He endured a six-year imprisonment term in an Israeli jail.

## Early life and education

Laham was born on 20 April 1966 in the Deheishe refugee camp located in Bethlehem. Al-Laham's early career in journalism started as the editor-in-chief of Bethlehem TV and Al-Mahd TV while he was studying biology at Bethlehem University. However, he was arrested at an early age, which prompted him to change his major to English literature. Later, he moved to the Faculty of Sociology, from where he graduated. He later earned a doctorate in psychology, which focused on body language.

## Career

Al-Laham has worked as an independent journalist and author throughout his career. He has published several books in Arabic and produced several films. He is currently the editor-in-chief of Ma’a News Agency channel, the director of the Lebanese Fields Channel office in Palestine, and a member of the Palestinian National Council.

## Awards

Al-Laham has received several accolades, including the Arab Culture Award presented by the Arab League in Qatar in 2010, the Media Journalists for Al-Quds Award, and the 2020 Personality of the Year Award from Al Sanabel Center in Jordan.
# Christopher Cornford

Christopher Francis Cornford (9 February 1917 – 8 April 1993) was a British artist and writer. A Communist Party member of the 1930s, after World War II he taught at University of Durham, Cambridge and the Royal College of Art.

## Life

He was the son of Francis Cornford, and his wife Frances Cornford (née Darwin). Through his mother, he was a great-grandson of the naturalist Charles Darwin. His elder brother was the poet, communist, and Spanish Civil War victim John Cornford. His son is Adam Cornford, British poet, librettist, and essayist.
He was active in politics until into the late 1980s, in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and its offshoot Cambridge Against Missile Bases, and in the environmental movement as a signatory of the Blueprint for Survival and an early member of the Ecology (later Green) Party in the UK.
Cornford died on 8 April 1993 in Cambridgeshire.
# Ignacio Luis Arcaya

Ignacio Luis Arcaya Rivero (Santa Ana de Coro, 3 May 1912 – Caracas, 4 September 1990), was a Venezuelan lawyer and politician. He was one of the signatories of the Puntofijo Pact on behalf of his party, the Democratic Republican Union (URD).
He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela 1959–1960 and took part in the 7th Organization of American States conference on 16 August 1960, where against his President's wishes, he abstained on the issue of Cuban relations with the Organization of American States. He was President of the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies 1962–1964, and became a Supreme Court of Venezuela judge in 1965.
He was the Prime Minister of Foreign Affairs until 28 August 1960.

## Personal life and family

Ignacio Luis Arcaya had a son, Ignacio Arcaya (1939), who went on to become a career diplomat. In 2001 the National Assembly of Venezuela created an "Order of Merit Ignacio Luis Arcaya".
# Marek Černošek

Marek Černošek (born 22 July 1976 in Prostějov, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward. He has played for various clubs in the Czech Extraliga and Czech First League, also he has appeared for the national team, recently in 2008 LG Hockey Games. He won Czech Extraliga in 2006 with Sparta Praha.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1993–94 | IHC Prostejov | Czech2 | — | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1994–95 | IHC Prostejov | Czech2 | — | 1 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1995–96 | IHL Prostejov | Czech2 | 43 | 2 | 9 | 11 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1996–97 | HC Olomouc | Czech | 38 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997–98 | HC Becherovka Karlovy Vary | Czech | 41 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1998–99 | HC Becherovka Karlovy Vary | Czech | 40 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | HC Keramika Plzeň | Czech | 18 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | HC Chemopetrol Litvínov | Czech | 26 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 57 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2000–01 | HC Chemopetrol Litvínov | Czech | 41 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001–02 | HC Havirov Panthers | Czech | 51 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 75 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2002–03 | HC Vitkovice | Czech | 49 | 4 | 13 | 17 | 30 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 2003–04 | HC Vitkovice | Czech | 50 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 55 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2004–05 | HC Vitkovice | Czech | 32 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 20 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 |
| 2005–06 | HC Vitkovice Steel | Czech | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005–06 | HC Sparta Praha | Czech | 44 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 22 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 12 |
| 2006–07 | HC Sparta Praha | Czech | 51 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 84 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 22 |
| 2007–08 | HC Sparta Praha | Czech | 44 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 74 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2008–09 | HC Sparta Praha | Czech | 41 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 62 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| 2009–10 | HC Sparta Praha | Czech | 33 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009–10 | HC BENZINA Litvínov | Czech | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2010–11 | HC BENZINA Litvínov | Czech | 48 | 4 | 12 | 16 | 52 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2011–12 | HC Litvínov | Czech | 42 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 42 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2012–13 | Rytíři Kladno | Czech | 47 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 32 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
| 2013–14 | Rytíři Kladno | Czech | 29 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013–14 | HC Berounsti Medvedi | Czech2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Czech totals | Czech totals | Czech totals | 770 | 37 | 100 | 137 | 728 | 119 | 7 | 17 | 24 | 102 |
# Sophia Laukli

Sophia Laukli (born 8 June 2000) is an American cross-country skier and trailrunner from Yarmouth, Maine. Her highest World Cup finish was first in the freestyle 10 km event at Val di Fiemme on January 7, 2024. She previously skied for the Middlebury College ski team, where she earned All-American honors placing second in the 5k freestyle, and now races for the University of Utah ski team. She was named in the United States Ski Team for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.
In 2023 she won the Marathon du Mont Blanc and Sierre-Zinal.
Laukli has dual citizenship through her Norwegian father and speaks fluent Norwegian.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2022 | 21 | — | — | 15 | — | — | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | skiathlon | mass start | Sprint | relay | Team  sprint |
| 2021 | 20 | 23 | 25 | 28 | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 22 | 25 | 29 | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 24 | | 23 | 21 | | 6 | |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | U23 | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski |
| 2021 | 20 | 97 | 63 | — | 22 | — | — |
| 2022 | 21 | 53 | 34 | NC | 9 | — | 23 |
| 2023 | 22 | 58 | 47 | NC | 5 | — | 23 |
| 2024 | 23 | 20 | 15 | NC | — | — | 14 |

#### Individual podiums

* 1 victory – (1 SWC)
* 2 podiums – (2 SWC)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 2022–23 | 8 January 2023 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 10 km Mass Start F | Stage World Cup | 3rd |
| 2 | 2023–24 | 7 January 2024 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 10 km Mass Start F | Stage World Cup | 1st |

#### Team podiums

* 1 podium – (1 RL)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place | Teammate(s) |
| 1 | 2023–24 | 3 December 2023 | Gällivare, Sweden | 4 × 7.5 km Relay C/F | World Cup | 3rd | Diggins / Brennan / Kern |
# Lars Thörn

Lars Einar Vilhelm Thörn (26 September 1904 – 9 October 1990) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1956 and 1964 Summer Olympics.
In 1956 he won the gold medal as part of the Swedish boat Rush V in the 5.5 metre class event. Eight years later he won the silver medal as crew member of the Swedish boat Rush VII in the 5.5 metre class event.
# Folke Bohlin (sailor)

Folke Ivar Reinhold Bohlin (20 March 1903 – 12 June 1972) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1948 and 1956 Summer Olympics.
In 1948 he won the silver medal as helmsman of the Swedish boat Slaghöken in the Dragon class event. Eight years later he won the gold medal as helmsman of the Swedish boat Slaghöken II in the Dragon class competition.
# Folke Wassén

Folke Viktor Wassén (18 April 1918 – 22 October 1969) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. Together with his younger brother Magnus he won a bronze medal in the 5.5 metre class event.
# Magnus Wassén

Sten Magnus Wassén (1 September 1920 – 23 June 2014) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. Together with his elder brother Folke he won a bronze medal as crew member of the Swedish boat Hojwa in the 5.5 metre class event.
# Hugo Johnson

Viktor Hugo Johnson (29 February 1908 – 6 June 1983) was a Swedish sailor. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Slaghöken that won a silver medal in the Dragon class at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Massimiliano Neri

Massimiliano Neri (born 14 June 1977 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian fashion model.

## Early life

Neri was born in Naples, Italy in 1977. As a teenager he was very involved in sports and he practised equestrianism professionally. During summer he usually spent holidays in Capri. It was there where Neri met the photographer Bruce Weber, who took some pictures of Massimiliano while shooting with models Helena Christensen, and Alex Lundqvist for 1995 Versace's Campaign. Neri was only 17 years old. One month later, Jack Pierson came to Naples, who also wanted to take some pictures of him.

## Career

After sending those pictures to some model agencies in Milan, and eventually moving to Milan in 1995, he became known among the fashion designers after his first fashion season in Milan: working for many designers such as Gianfranco Ferré, Iceberg, Krizia, Versus, D&G, and Replay. However, celebrity to a larger public arrived after making a TV commercial for Versace's sunglasses, which was shown all over Europe. In New Zealand he was given a place in TV commercial for Levi's. Neri has also graced covers and editorials for magazines such as Cleo, L'Uomo Vogue, GQ, and Pulp Fashion. Furthermore, he was chosen as testimonial for the Rocco Barocco worldwide campaign of 2000 with models Natalia Vodianova, and Alessandra Ambrosio.
From 1995 onwards, he worked as a model in Milan, Sydney, Auckland, Tokyo, Miami, New York, and landed in Paris in 1998, where he settled down and started University. He graduated in Business Administration at ESSEC business school in Paris and took a master's degree in Financial Economics from the University of Leicester.
Neri has turned from fashion model to businessman, as the owner of restaurants and businesses in Italy. He keeps doing some modeling jobs. Neri was chosen as Geox testimonial for its 2019 worldwide campaign.
# Maxim Belkov

Maxim Igorevich Belkov (Russian: Максим Игоревич Бельков; born 9 January 1985) is a Russian former professional road cyclist, who rode professionally between 2009 and 2018 for the ISD–NERI, Vacansoleil–DCM and Team Katusha–Alpecin squads.

## Major results
### 2004

    2nd Overall Giro delle Regioni
    7th Gran Premio Palio del Recioto

### 2005

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
    UEC European Under-23 Road Championships
       6th Road race
       8th Time trial

### 2006

    1st Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
    1st Trofeo Città di San Vendemiano
    2nd Overall Giro delle Regioni
    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships
    7th Memorial Oleg Dyachenko

### 2007

    1st Time trial, UEC European Under-23 Road Championships
    8th Coppa San Geo

### 2008

    8th Overall Giro della Valle d'Aosta

### 2009

    1st Stage 1b (TTT) Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
    2nd Ringerike GP
    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2010

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Brixia Tour
    5th Overall Five Rings of Moscow
    9th Overall Danmark Rundt

### 2012

    1st Sprints classification Tour of Turkey

### 2013

    1st Stage 9 Giro d'Italia
    1st Stage 1b (TTT) Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
    1st Stage 3 (TTT) Tour des Fjords
    10th Strade Bianche

### 2014

    1st Mountains classification Tour of Austria

### 2015

    Tour de Romandie
       1st Sprints classification
       1st Mountains classification

### 2016

    National Road Championships
       2nd Road race
       3rd Time trial

### 2017

    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| Giro d'Italia | 101 | — | DNF | 90 | 102 | 116 | 125 | 127 |
| Tour de France | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | — | — | — | — | 134 | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Vilhelm Vett

Vilhelm Vett (31 December 1879 – 3 December 1962) was a Danish sailor who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics. In 1924 he won the silver medal as crew member of the Danish boat Bonzo in the 6 metre class event. Four years later he won his second silver medal, this time as part of the Danish boat Hi-Hi in the 6 metre class competition.