OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barid Shahi tombs

The Barid Shahi tombs are tombs of the Barid Shahi dynasty. They are located in Bidar in the Indian state of Karnataka.

## History

The Barid Shahi dynasty ruled between 1492 and 1695.
They were built during the medieval period in the 16th and 17th centuries.

## Architecture

The tombs were built in the Indo-Islamic style typical of the Deccan Sultanates. Similar necropolises include the Qutb Shahi tombs in Hyderabad. They are set in a garden, of which a few mango and tamarind trees still survive.

### Tomb of Qasim Barid

The Tomb of Qasim Barid lies to the East of his son Amir Barid's unfinished tomb.

### Tomb of Amir Barid

Amir Barid lies in an unfinished tomb. He began the construction of his tomb, however, he died in 1542 CE before the tomb could be completed.

### Tomb of Ali Barid

The tomb of Ali Barid was completed in 984 Hijri (1576-1577 CE), three years before his death.
On the platform to the southwest of the tomb are 67 graves, belonging to the concubines of Ali Barid.

### Tomb of Ibrahim Barid

The tomb of Ibrahim Barid is a replica of his father Ali Barid's tomb. The tomb is located on a raised platform 6 feet tall.
A two storied gateway leads to the tomb enclosure.
There are several graves within the enclosure, under the shade of mango trees.

### Tomb of Qasim Barid II

The tomb is to the south of Ibrahim Barid's tomb.
Several other tombs are located on the platform.

### Idgah

There is an idgah at the eastern end of Qasim Barid's tomb. The idgah might have been constructed during the Bahmani period.

## Preservation

The Archaeological Survey of India has listed the site as a monument of national importance. The complex, along with other sites in Bidar, Gulbarga, Bijapur, and Hyderabad is also listed on the tentative list of the World Heritage Sites.
# Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon (North Jackson, Ohio)

The Basilica and National Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon is a minor basilica of the Maronite Catholic Church located in North Jackson, Ohio, United States. It is under the jurisdiction of the Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon.

## History

The first proposal to establish a shrine to Our Lady of Lebanon was initiated in 1960 between the Maronite priests of the United States and Archbishop Patrick O'Boyle of Washington. Nothing came of that proposal so the Rev. Peter Eid suggested that the Maronites from the Youngstown, Ohio area build the shrine. He bought 80 acres (32 ha) in 1961 and the shrine was established two years later in 1963. Ground for the building was broken on August 16, 1964, and the statue of the Virgin Mary was placed on the tower on July 20. 1965. The shrine is a replica of the original shrine in Harissa, Lebanon. The facility was completed for $200,000 and it was dedicated by Auxiliary Bishop James Malone of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown on Sunday, August 15, 1965. Pope Francis decreed on July 8, 2014, that the shrine was elevated to the status of a minor basilica.
# Uganda Argus

Uganda Argus was daily print newspaper and magazine in Uganda, published in Kampala by the Uganda Argus Limited.
The newspaper was founded in 1955, seven years before Uganda achieved independence from the British colonial government in 1962. In 1971 it became the New Vision Newspaper.
# Susan Longden

Susan Jane Longden née Wright (born 22 January 1950) is a British retired athlete who competed at two Olympic Games.

## Biography

Wright finished third behind Ann Wilson in the pentathlon event at the 1974 WAAA Championships before becoming the British pentathlon champion after winning the British WAAA Championships title at the 1975 WAAA Championships.
Shortly after her 1975 WAAA title win, Wright married Bruce Longden and competed under her married name thereafter.
At the 1976 Olympics Games in Montreal, Longden represented Great Britain in the pentathlon and then retained her WAAA pentathlon title at the 1976 WAAA Championships.
Londen won her third title with a national record haul of 4152 points at the 1977 WAAA Championships and clinched a fourth at the 1980 WAAA Championships.
At the 1980 Olympics Games in Moscow, Longden represented Great Britain in the women's pentathlon again.
# Black Mountain Off-Road Adventure Area

Black Mountain Off-Road Adventure Area is a 7,000-acre off-road trail system in Harlan County, Kentucky. The trail system is open to All-Terrain Vehicles and all types of Off-Highway Vehicles. The trail system is managed by the Harlan County Outdoor Recreation Board Authority (HCORBA), a 501c4 non-profit board created by the Harlan County Fiscal Court. The trail system receives an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 visitors each year from the eastern United States and Canada.

## Trails

The trail system includes approximately 150 miles of trail, most of which are the by-product of contour mining and logging. Trails are identified with a unique number or name and given a classification that describes the trail's difficulty and exposure. Numbers and classifications are posted on signs at intersections as well as on trail maps that can be viewed on several kiosks on the property or purchased at a trailhead.
Due to the geography of Black Mountain, trails vary in elevation and often include hill climbs and descents. Elevation ranges from 1,180 ft to 3,321 ft above sea level.

## Trailheads

The trail system is accessible from two trailheads, Evarts Trailhead on the south near the City of Evarts, and Putney Trailhead on the north near the community of Putney. Evarts Trailhead is operated by HCORBA. Putney Trailhead is operated privately by Harlan County Campground & RV Park LLC.

## Permit system

In 2009, the HCORBA implemented a general use permit system requiring all visitors to register their vehicle at a trailhead and purchase a vehicle permit. Permits are sold for terms of 31-days or one year. Fees generated through the permit system allow HCORBA to operate and maintain the trail system.

## Publicity

Black Mountain Off-Road Adventure Area has been featured on numerous television shows including the Outdoor Channel's Ride To Adventure Extreme and Fisher's ATV World and Spike TV's Trucks! The trail system has been featured in off-road and powersports magazines including ATV Rider, ATV Illustrated and ATV Sport. ATV Illustrated called Black Mountain Off-Road Adventure Area "possibly the best ATV riding in North America."

## Name changes

The trail system was originally named Black Mountain Recreation Park. In 2008, it was renamed to Black Mountain Off-Road Adventure Park and then subsequently Black Mountain Off-Road Adventure Area. Evarts Trailhead, one of the trail systems two trailheads, was originally named Bailey Creek Trailhead.
# Chuah (state constituency)

Chuah is a state constituency in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly.
The state constituency was first contested in 2004 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

## Demographics

* Chinese (54.08%)
* Malay (23.7%)
* Indian (21.42%)
* Other ethnicities (0.79%)

## History
### Polling Districts

According to the Gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Chuah constituency has a total of 5 polling districts.
| State Constituency | Polling District | Code | Location |
| Chuah（N29） | Tanah Merah | 132/29/01 | SJK (T) Ladang Tanah Merah SJK (C) Kampung Baru Tanah Merah Site A SMK Tanah Merah |
| Chuah（N29） | Kampung Pachitan | 132/29/02 | SK Kg Sawah |
| Chuah（N29） | Bukit Pelandok | 132/29/03 | SJK (C) Yik Chiao |
| Chuah（N29） | Sungai Nipah | 132/29/04 | SJK (C) Kg Baru Sg Nipah |
| Chuah（N29） | Chuah | 132/29/05 | SK Chuah |

### Representation History

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Chuah :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Lukut ||||
| 11th | 2004-2008 | Foo Ming Chee | BN (MCA) |
| 12th | 2008-2013 | Chai Tong Chai | PR (PKR) |
| 13th | 2013-2018 | Chai Tong Chai | PR (PKR) |
| 14th | 2018–2023 | Yek Diew Ching | PH (PKR) |
| 15th | 2023–present | Yew Boon Lye | PH (PKR) |
# Boxing at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's lightweight

The Women's lightweight boxing competition at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland took place between July 29 and August 2 at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre. For the first time ever women's boxing will be contested.
Like all Commonwealth boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals, so no boxers competed again after their first loss. Bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each, with a one-minute break between rounds. Punches scored only if the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent. Three judges scored each bout; the winner of the bout was the boxer who won the most rounds.

## Medalists

| Gold | Shelley Watts Australia |
| Silver | Laishram Devi India |
| Bronze | Maria Machongua Mozambique |
| Bronze | Alanna Audley-Murphy Northern Ireland |

## Draw

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)
| Round of 16 Tuesday 29 July 2014 18:30 | Round of 16 Tuesday 29 July 2014 18:30 | Round of 16 Tuesday 29 July 2014 18:30 | Quarter-finals Thursday 31 July 2014 13:40 | Quarter-finals Thursday 31 July 2014 13:40 | Quarter-finals Thursday 31 July 2014 13:40 | Semi-finals Friday 1 August 2014 13:50 | Semi-finals Friday 1 August 2014 13:50 | Semi-finals Friday 1 August 2014 13:50 | Final Saturday 2 August 2014 14:25 | Final Saturday 2 August 2014 14:25 | Final Saturday 2 August 2014 14:25 |
| | | | Alanna Audley-Murphy (NIR) | Alanna Audley-Murphy (NIR) | 2 | | | | | | |
| Alexis Pritchard (NZL) | Alexis Pritchard (NZL) | 0 | Valerian Spicer (DMA) | Valerian Spicer (DMA) | 1 | | | | | | |
| Valerian Spicer (DMA) | Valerian Spicer (DMA) | 3 | | | | Alanna Audley-Murphy (NIR) | Alanna Audley-Murphy (NIR) | 0 | | | |
| Shelley Watts (AUS) | Shelley Watts (AUS) | 2 | | | | Shelley Watts (AUS) | Shelley Watts (AUS) | 3 | | | |
| Natasha Jonas (ENG) | Natasha Jonas (ENG) | 1 | Shelley Watts (AUS) | Shelley Watts (AUS) | RSC | | | | | | |
| Isabelle Ratna (MRI) | Isabelle Ratna (MRI) | 3 | Isabelle Ratna (MRI) | Isabelle Ratna (MRI) | | | | | | | |
| Taoriba Biniati (KIR) | Taoriba Biniati (KIR) | 0 | | | | | | | Shelley Watts (AUS) | Shelley Watts (AUS) | 3 |
| Laishram Devi (IND) | Laishram Devi (IND) | 3 | | | | | | | Laishram Devi (IND) | Laishram Devi (IND) | 0 |
| Kehinde Obareh (NGR) | Kehinde Obareh (NGR) | 0 | Laishram Devi (IND) | Laishram Devi (IND) | 2 | | | | | | |
| Hansika Arachchi (SRI) | Hansika Arachchi (SRI) | 0 | Charlene Jones (WAL) | Charlene Jones (WAL) | 1 | | | | | | |
| Charlene Jones (WAL) | Charlene Jones (WAL) | 3 | | | | Laishram Devi (IND) | Laishram Devi (IND) | 3 | | | |
| Nthabeleng Mathaha (LES) | Nthabeleng Mathaha (LES) | 0 | | | | Maria Machongua (MOZ) | Maria Machongua (MOZ) | 0 | | | |
| Maria Machongua (MOZ) | Maria Machongua (MOZ) | 3 | Maria Machongua (MOZ) | Maria Machongua (MOZ) | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | | Keneilwe Rakhudu (BOT) | Keneilwe Rakhudu (BOT) | 0 | | | | | | |
# Clayton Lewis

Clayton Scott Lewis (March 15, 1915 – September 15, 1995) was an American artist, known primarily for his work as an envelope artist and jewelry designer.

## Life and career

Clayton Lewis began his professional life as a furniture designer in the late 1940s with his firm, Claywood Designs, which led to coverage in magazines such as Progressive Architecture and Interiors. After a rare bone disease put him in the hospital, and with a young family to support, in 1950, he was hired as general manager of the Herman Miller Furniture Company’s Venice, California office. There he helped implement designs by Charles Eames, Ray Eames, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson.
After a tenure at Herman Miller, he left his position and moved his family to Northern California, in 1953, to open up his own art studio. Following various shows and the subsequent breakup of his marriage in 1962, he moved first to Nevada City in 1963, and then to the Point Reyes Peninsula in 1964, where he designed a large collection of sculpture jewelry while working with Judy Perlman. After they disbanded their partnership of Perlman-Lewis in 1973, he continued working on his own as a sculptor, painter, and water colorist.
Between 1980 and 1985, he produced over 1000 pieces of mail art, mostly sent to his mother in the final years of her life. The envelopes have been shown in one-man and group shows in San Francisco, Pasadena, and Paris, among other locations.
His work can be found in the permanent collections of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Metropolitan Museum, New York; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; California Historical Society, San Francisco; Musée de La Poste, Paris, France; among others.
For the last 31 years of his life he lived in a group of Coast Miwok Indian cottages at Lairds Landing, on Tomales Bay, fifty miles north of San Francisco. There he built a spacious sculpting and painting studio with a substantial foundry to work in. In order to help sustain himself, he worked as a carpenter, fisherman, and boat builder, as well as an artist.
Clayton Lewis was born in Snoqualmie, Washington and died at his home at Laird’s Landing, Point Reyes National Seashore, California. He was raised in Snoqualmie before moving to Seattle in 1936 to study at the Cornish School for the Arts (later Cornish College of the Arts). Between 1937 and 1940 he lived in San Francisco, where he studied at the California School of Fine Arts (later the San Francisco Art Institute).
Clayton Lewis was married to Virginia Harding Lewis from 1942–1962. They had four children, including the composer, Peter Scott Lewis.
# Mykhaylo Dunets

Mykhaylo Mykhaylovych Dunets (Ukrainian: Михайло Михайлович Дунець; born 3 November 1950) is a Soviet and Ukrainian former football player and coach.
# Oldřich František Korte

Oldřich František Korte (26 April 1926; Šaľa, Slovakia – 10 September 2014; Prague) was a Czech composer, pianist, publicist and writer.
From 1943 to 1949 he studied at the Prague Conservatory, as a pupil of F. Pícha. He was forced to interrupt his studies in 1944–45, when he was imprisoned in a concentration camp. Following the communist Victorious February in 1948 Korte was once more affected by the political situation in former Czechoslovakia. He was forced to find work out of the artistic professions. Nevertheless, he never gave up his musical and literary activities, and gradually became a respected composer and pianist.
Korte cooperated with the important Czech experimental theatre Laterna Magika, whose director Alfréd Radok offered him the post of pianist. He toured four continents with the ensemble of Laterna Magika, and played in more than 3000 performances.

## Style

Korte in his whole musical and literary output takes a non-conformist attitude; he is not a "composer of one style", in whose compositions a strict sense of logic musical rules prevails. He is partly influenced by the works of Bohuslav Martinů and Albert Roussel.

## Selected works

Music
* Sinfonietta (1947) - influenced by neo-classicism
* Sonata For Piano (1953) - rather expressionist composition
* The Story of Flutes (1958) - neo-romantic symphonic drama
* Philosophical Dialogues for violin and piano (1975)
* Concerto Grosso (1986) - influenced by neo-classicism
* Elihú kontra Job (1992) - fresque for violin and piano
Literature
* Chodící legendy (Walking Legends) (1991) - great personalities of the 20th century
# The Cat and the Fiddle (Batman)

"The Cat and the Fiddle" is the 38th episode of the 1960s Batman television series. It guest starred Julie Newmar as Catwoman.

## Plot

Batman and Robin barely escape from their hot ordeal and track Catwoman's next step. Catwoman disguises herself as a wealthy and elderly recluse - Minerva Matthews - to exchange a quarter million dollars each for two Stradivarius violins. Once the instruments are safely in her hands, the villainess reveals her true identity and demands the cash back. But Catwoman is surprised to learn that her business partner - Zubin Zucchini - is also not who he appears to be, and is actually Robin, the Boy Wonder. When Batman saves Catwoman from falling to her death from the 102-story Gotham State Building after a failed escape attempt, she thanks Batman for doing so and asks him if he's spoken for. Later at police headquarters, Catwoman thanks Batman for helping her during her trial, nuzzles him gently after he states that no matter how much time goes by there will always be a man waiting for a woman as beautiful as herself and she finally bids him farewell. Surprised by her small gesture of affection, Batman is left in a confused daze causing Commissioner Gordon to ask, "Why, Batman, are you blushing?" to which Batman answers, "It's the heat of the day, Commissioner. Unseasonably warm, don't you think?"
# Raid 2

Raid 2 may refer to:
* RAID 2, a disk drive array configuration
* Raid 2 (film), a sequel to the 2018 Indian film Raid
# Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck

Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck (29 January 1744, Stockholm - 1813 Sundsbergs gård, Kyrkslätt), was a Swedish-Finnish writer and poet. Her play Dianas fest (The Feast of Diana) from 1775 is referred to as the first original work of its kind produced by a female during the Gustavian age.
The parentage of Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarck is unknown but her father is believed to have been a clerk. She married first to lieutenant Carl Johan Hastfer (d. 1771). As a widow she met with economical difficulties but was given assistance by the patronage of the courtier Baron Axel Gabriel Leijonhufvud. In 1773, she married major Carl Fredrik Toll, who was the owner of three mansions in Nyland in Finland.

## Works

* Öfwer Högstsalige Hans Kongl. Maj:ts Konung Adolpf Friedrichs död. (1771)
* Poëme, öfver Hans Kongl. Maj:ts Konung Gustaf III:s högsthugneliga kröning, d. 29 Maji 1772. (1772);
* Skalde-Bref, I anledning af Hans Kongl. Maj:ts Kon. Gustaf III Höga Namns-Dag, d. 6 Jul. 1773. (1773);
* Skalde-Qwäde, Öfwer Hans Maj:ts, Konung Gustaf:s Resa til Norrske Gränsen, uti Novemb. 1772. (1774);
* Afsked af Sommaren. Qwäde. Samlaren 1775; Dianas fest. Herdaspel uti en Act. (1775)

## Sources

* SWEDENMARCK, Catharina Charlotta, Publicerad i Biografiskt lexikon för Finland 1. Svenska tiden (2008).
* Ann Öhrberg: Fasa för all flärd, konstlan och förställning” Den ideala retorn inom 1700-talets nya offentlighet. Samlaren. 2010
* "Litterär pionjär värd att uppmärksamma", Michel Ekman, 2004-07-19, Svenska Dagbladet
* Carina Burman, Den finländska Sapfo. Catharina Charlotta Swedenmarcks liv och verk (Lunne böcker, 2004)
* This article about a Finnish writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Teatro della Pergola

The Teatro della Pergola (Italian:), sometimes known as just La Pergola, is a historic opera house in Florence, Italy. It is located in the centre of the city on the Via della Pergola, from which the theatre takes its name. It was built in 1656 under the patronage of Cardinal Giancarlo de' Medici to designs by the architect Ferdinando Tacca, son of the sculptor Pietro Tacca; its inaugural production was the opera buffa, Il potestà di Colognole by Jacopo Melani. The opera house, the first to be built with superposed tiers of boxes rather than raked semi-circular seating in the Roman fashion, is considered to be the oldest in Italy, having occupied the same site for more than 350 years.
It has two auditoria, the Sala Grande, with 1,500 seats, and the Saloncino, a former ballroom located upstairs which has been used as a recital hall since 1804 and which seats 400.
Work on completing the interior was finished in 1661, in time for the celebration of the wedding of the future grand duke Cosimo III de' Medici, with the court spectacle Ercole in Tebe by Giovanni Antonio Boretti. Primarily a court theatre used by the Grand Dukes of Tuscany, it was only after 1718 that it was opened to the public. In this theatre the great operas of Mozart were heard for the first time in Italy, and Donizetti's Parisina and Rosmonda d'Inghilterra, Verdi's Macbeth (1847) and Mascagni's I Rantzau were given their premiere productions.
By the nineteenth century, La Pergola was performing operas of the best-known composers of the day including Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti and Giuseppe Verdi. Verdi's Macbeth was given its premiere performance at La Pergola in 1847.
La Pergola's present appearance dates from an 1855–57 remodelling; it has the traditional horseshoe-shaped auditorium with three rings of boxes and topped with a gallery. It seats 1,000. It was declared a national monument in 1925 and has been restored at least twice since.
Today the theatre presents a broad range of about 250 drama performances each year, ranging from Molière to Neil Simon. Opera is only presented there during the annual Maggio Musicale Fiorentino.
Tommaso Sacchi is the Chairman of Fondazione Teatro della Toscana - Teatro della Pergola.
# Stadia mark

Stadia marks, also called stadia lines or stadia hairs, are crosshairs on the reticle of a theodolite or other surveying instrument that allow stadiametric rangefinding.

## Etymology

The term stadia mark derives from the obsolete unit of distance, the stadion, derived from the Greek measurement of a stadium. Several different stadia were defined, such as the Greek stadion and Egyptian stadion.

## Usage

A typical surveyor's instrument reticle has two pairs of stadia marks. One pair are on the horizontal centreline and the other on the vertical cross hair. Each functions in the same manner and are placed for measuring on either axis.
    k = ⁠f/i⁠
    k = ⁠D/s⁠
where
* D is distance from the telescope to the rod
* k is the stadia interval factor
* S is the stadia intercept
* f is focal length of the lens
* i is the spacing between the stadia marks
The stadia marks are set a specific length apart. This length is chosen so that there is a fixed, integer ratio between the difference of the rod readings and the distance from the telescope to the rod. Thus the formula for distance is
    D = kS + C
where
* D is distance from the telescope to the rod
* k is the stadia interval factor
* S is the stadia intercept
* C is the stadia constant
For example, a typical stadia mark pair are set so that the ratio is 100. If one observes a vertical length on a stadia rod, rule or levelling rod with the telescope and sees that the rod spans 0.500 m between the marks (the stadia interval), then the horizontal distance from the instrument to the rod is:
    0.500m x 100 = 50 m.
In the adjacent image, the upper stadia mark is at 1.500 m and the lower at 1.345 m. The difference is 0.155 m. Thus the distance from the instrument to the levelling rod is:
    0.155 x 100 = 15.5 m.
The stadia interval factor is the ratio of the focal length of the lens and the distance or spacing between the stadia hairs. Depending on the spacing between the stadia marks, the value remains constant for any given instrument. The most common stadia interval factor is 100. To determine the stadia interval factor, the stadia intercept must divide the distance from the main focus per sight. The values of k will not be the same, given they will be part of the errors in observation and natural sources. The formula for the stadia interval factor is:
# Mecistocephalus marcusensis

Mecistocephalus marcusensis is a species of centipede in the Mecistocephalidae family. It was described in 1953 by Japanese myriapodologist Yasunori Miyoshi.

## Description

This species has 49 pairs of legs and can reach about 26 mm in length.

## Distribution

The species occurs on Minamitorishima, also known as Marcus Island, a small and isolated Japanese atoll in the north-western Pacific Ocean.