# Lulzim Basha

Lulzim Basha (listen; born 12 June 1974) is an Albanian lawyer and politician who served as chairman of the Democratic Party of Albania and as the Leader of the Opposition from 2013 to 2022 and again from 2023 until 2024.
He was the candidate for the position of the prime minister of Albania for the Democratic Party in the 2017 Albanian parliamentary election and in the 2021 Albanian parliamentary election which he lost in both against the incumbent prime minister Edi Rama.

## Early life and education

Lulzim Basha was born in Tirana on 12 June 1974 to a Kosovo-Albanian mother and an Albanian father. From his mother's side, he is respectively from Mitrovica (grandfather) and Gjilan (grandmother). After attending the Sami Frashëri High School, he studied law at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and worked for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia as member of the investigation team of war crimes of Serbian forces in Kosovo (1998–1999).
In 2000, Basha joined the Department of Justice of the UN administration of Kosovo, UNMIK, first as legal advisor and then as deputy chief of cabinet of the director of the UNMIK Justice Department since October 2001. From November 2002 until January 2005 Basha served as special advisor for transition in the same department.
Lulzim Basha is married to Aurela Basha, a Dutch citizen, and they have two daughters, Victoria and Dafina.

## Political career

Basha joined the Democratic Party of Albania in January 2005 and became a member of the party's leadership in May of that year. He has since held several ministerial positions in Democratic Party-led governments.

### Berisha Cabinet (2005–2011)

He served as the party's spokesperson during the 2005 parliamentary elections at which he was elected as the MP of Constituency #33 in Tirana. He was then nominated in the Berisha government as Minister of Public Works, Transport and Telecommunications, where he served for two years.
After the 2009 election, Basha was nominated as Ministry of Internal Affairs in the new Berisha government. As Minister of Interior, he implemented all the required criteria for visa-free travel to the Schengen countries, including the modernisation of the Albanian border and immigration police system, the issuing of high security biometric passports and a tougher fight against criminal activity and criminal assets. These steps won international praise, notably by EUROPOL and other law enforcement bodies, and led to the decision of the EU on 8 November 2010 to lift all travel visa requirements for Albanian citizens effective 15 December 2010.

### Mayor of Tirana (2011–2015)

In 2011 Basha was the governing party's candidate for the post of mayor of Tirana. He defeated the leader of the Socialist opposition, Edi Rama, by a very narrow margin (only 81 votes after the recount) in a hotly contested election.
During his term as mayor, Basha vowed to lead big reforms in his first hundred days in office, while promising to make the municipality more accessible to citizens and free of political conflicts.
His main focus was the development of the new strategic urban plan, to increase investments and employment and solve the traffic problems in the city centre.
A draft was presented in May 2012 and it was considered as very important for the future economic development of the city. It was one of the first successes of Basha as mayor of Tirana, but the plan was opposed by the opposition. The new Urban Development Plan proposed a number of measures, primarily with a focus on the road network and, to a smaller degree, on sustainable modes of transport. A tramway system in addition to the bus system was proposed and the plan also included the building of a new boulevard in the northern part of the city and the rehabilitation of the Lanë.
The earlier plan for the Skanderbeg Square was scrapped and a new one introduced. The use of the square by all motor vehicles will be restored through the construction of a narrower road segment around the center of the square including bicycle lanes. The existing green field south of Skanderbeg's statue was extended northward for a few hundred meters, while trees were planted in most places.
In May 2013 the City Hall launched an international tender for the construction of the capital's new northern boulevard, with a length of 1.8 km. The project was expected to be finished before Basha's first mandate as mayor, but after the 2013 parliamentary election, the new Rama Government cut off most of the funds.
Basha didn't run for a second mandate in the 2015 local elections, which were won by the Socialist Party candidate Erion Veliaj.

### Leader of the opposition (2013–2022, 2023–2024)

After the defeat of the Democratic Party-led coalition in the 2013 parliamentary election and the resignation of Sali Berisha as party leader, Basha was elected as chairman of the Democratic Party on 22 July 2013, following the first one-member-one-vote election in party's history.
On 30 September 2014, a national congress of the Democratic Party was held to elect a new leadership. In the congress a tough reform of the party was announced by Basha.
During his leadership numerous anti-government demonstrations have been held, accusing the government as corrupt and criminalised. In 2015 the Democratic Party proposed a Decriminalisation Law, which led to several months of negotiations with the government. Finally in December 2015, the law was passed by majority in the Parliament, barring people with criminal convictions from holding public office.
On 11 December 2016 during the celebrations for the 26th anniversary of the Democratic Party, party leader Lulzim Basha announced his program for the further modernization and democratisation of the party ahead of the 2017 parliamentary elections.
After previously promising that 35% of the parliamentary candidates would consist of members from the youth movement of the party, Basha now announced a limitations of all mandates of the party leaders to a two-year term, and the full democratisation of the internal election process.
On 18 February 2017 members of the Democratic Party and other opposition parties, under the leadership of Lulzim Basha pitched a giant tent outside the Prime Minister's office in Tirana after thousands of protesters rallied to demand free elections and a technocrat government. The opposition protest further escalated into a larger political conflict. The Democratic Party and its allies refused to register to take part in the 18 June general election, until the government will accept their conditions to secure a free and democratic election.
Following the aftermath of the Democratic Party's defeat in 2021, which was considered Basha's fourth defeat in Albanian elections, a portion of the party wanted Basha to resign and replace him with a new leader. On 13 June 2021, the Democratic Party held leadership elections, were Basha won with 80% of the vote against Agron Shehaj, Edith Harxhi and Fatbardh Kadilli who managed to get 15.55%, 2.45% and 2% respectively.

### Dispute with Sali Berisha and Gazment Bardhi

Following the United States' decision in Public Designation of Sali Berisha Lulzim Basha made the decision to expel Berisha from the party. This caused a major split in the party and made Basha unpopular, with many members choosing to side with Berisha and leaving the party. On 11 December 2021 Sali Berisha held an informal congress that voted in favor to remove Lulzim Basha as leader of the party; this, however, was not recognised by the party, with Basha declaring it illegitimate and non-binding.
On 21 March 2022 Lulzim Basha would resign as leader of the Democratic Party of Albania, making Enkelejd Alibeaj the leader of the Democratic Party of Albania.
On 30 July 2023 Basha was reelected controversially as leader of the Democratic Party. Prior to the election, Gazment Bardhi claimed that Basha was trying to seize exclusive power in the party.

### Loss of Logo (11 June 2024)

On June 11th, 2024 the Court of Appeals voted against Lulzim Basha's claim on the logo and signature of the Democratic Party, giving it to the re-establishment faction led by Sali Berisha.

## Political positions
### EU Integration

Basha is a strong supporter of Albania joining the EU.

### Economy

During the 2017 Albanian parliamentary election he proposed reinstating the flat tax at a 9% rate. The flat tax was a form of taxation which had been applied by Berisha's government between 2005 and 2013.

### Foreign affairs

In June 2017, Basha met with President Donald Trump during a visit to the US as part of participation in White House Workforce Development week.

## Controversies
### Durrës-Kukës highway allegations

As the Minister of Transportation and Public Works from 2005 to 2007, Basha was responsible for the construction of the Durrës-Kukës highway to Kosovo, the country's largest public work. In connection to this, in October 2007, the Prosecutor's Office accused him of abuse of power and breaking tender rules and claimed these irregularities cost Albanians more than €230 million. Basha asked for his parliamentary immunity to be lifted in order for the justice to conduct a full investigation. Basha's immunity was lifted by parliament at the end of December 2017. The high court later on dismissed the charges.