# Steven E. de Souza

Steven E. de Souza (born November 17, 1947) is an American screenwriter, producer and director of film and television. He is known for writing several high-profile action films of the 1980s and '90s, notably 48 Hrs., Commando, The Running Man, Die Hard and its first sequel, Hudson Hawk, Knock Off and Judge Dredd.

## Early life

De Souza was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 1948, the son of a Jamaican father, H. Walton Henriques de Souza, and Evelyn (née Green). His father owned a real estate company. He attended Pennsylvania State University, where he was a student of science fiction author Philip Klass (better known by his pseudonym William Tenn).

## Career

He began his career as a story editor for primetime television series such as The Six Million Dollar Man and The Hardy Boys Mysteries, before graduating to the role of producer and writer. He produced the first season of Knight Rider, and was the creator of the short-lived sci-fi series The Powers of Matthew Star.
De Souza started his film career writing, directing, and producing the low-budget stoner comedy Arnold's Wrecking Co., which won the Special Jury Prize at the 1972 Atlanta Film Festival. Beginning in the early 1980s, he became a prolific screenwriter of feature films, specializing in blockbuster action and thriller films like Commando and Die Hard. He wrote some of the most successful films of the era, including 48 Hrs., The Running Man, The Flintstones, and Die Hard 2. For Commando and Die Hard 2, DeSouza created the fictional latin american country Val Verde. He was frequently hired by studios as a script doctor in order to rewrite preexisting screenplays during production to add more action and humor. He has been nominated twice for the Edgar Allan Poe award, an award given to any piece of media for excellence in mystery writing. The first in 1984 for 48 Hrs. and again in 1989 for Die Hard. De Souza also "won" the 1991 Razzie Award for Worst Screenplay for Hudson Hawk. He wrote and directed the 1994 video game adaptation Street Fighter after being introduced to the franchise by his son. Though the film received negative critical reception and failed to spawn an intended franchise, it has since become a cult classic in some circles.
In 2000, he was honored with the Norman Lear Award for Lifetime Achievement in writing. In 2004, he received the Dr. Bird award, which is given for achievement in the arts to people of Jamaican descent. De Souza appeared in the feature-length documentary Dreams on Spec, which profiled three aspiring screenwriters and featured comments from a number of distinguished writers like James L. Brooks, Nora Ephron, Carrie Fisher, and him. His Web series Unknown Sender became a triple honoree at the 2009 Webby Awards for Best Writing, Best Dramatic Series, and Best Individual Performance.
In 2011, he teamed with Family Guy director Pete Michels for the Fox Network animated pilot "Spyburbia."
De Souza has also written for The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times and Premiere, Empire magazine, Buzz, and Fade In.

## Filmography
### Film writer

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| 1973 | Arnold's Wrecking Co. | Himself | Atlanta Film Festival Gold Medal Award |
| 1982 | 48 Hrs. | Walter Hill | Nominated- Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture |
| 1983 | The Return of Captain Invincible | Philippe Mora | |
| 1985 | Commando | Mark L. Lester | |
| 1986 | Jumpin' Jack Flash | Penny Marshall | Uncredited |
| 1987 | The Running Man | Paul Michael Glaser | |
| 1988 | Bad Dreams | Andrew Fleming | |
| 1988 | Die Hard | John McTiernan | Nominated- Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture |
| 1988 | Seven Hours to Judgment | Beau Bridges | Credited as Elliot Stephens |
| 1990 | Die Hard 2 | Renny Harlin | |
| 1991 | Hudson Hawk | Michael Lehmann | Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screenplay |
| 1991 | Ricochet | Russell Mulcahy | |
| 1994 | The Flintstones | Brian Levant | Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screenplay |
| 1994 | Beverly Hills Cop III | John Landis | |
| 1994 | Street Fighter | Himself | |
| 1995 | Judge Dredd | Danny Cannon | |
| 1997 | Turbulence | Robert Butler | Uncredited |
| 1998 | Knock Off | Tsui Hark | |
| 2003 | Lara Croft: Tomb Raider – The Cradle of Life | Jan de Bont | |
| 2004 | Blast | Anthony Hickox | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer | Creator | Notes |
| 1974–1977 | The Six Million Dollar Man | No | Yes | No | No | 3 episodes |
| 1976 | Gemini Man | No | Yes | No | No | 3 episodes |
| 1977 | Rosetti and Ryan | No | Yes | No | No | Episode "Everybody Into the Pool" |
| 1977–1979 | The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries | No | Yes | No | No | 2 episodes |
| 1978 | The Bionic Woman | No | Yes | No | No | 2 episodes |
| 1978 | Lucan | No | Yes | No | No | Episode "The Pariah" |
| 1981 | Foul Play | No | Yes | No | No | 2 episodes |
| 1982–1983 | The Powers of Matthew Star | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 1982–1983 | Knight Rider | No | Yes | Yes | No | 2 episodes |
| 1984 | V | No | Yes | Supervisor | No | Episode "Dreadnought" |
| 1988 | Supercarrier | No | Yes | Executive | Yes | |
| 1991 | Tales from the Crypt | Yes | Yes | No | No | Episode "Carrion Death" |
| 1993–1994 | Cadillacs and Dinosaurs | No | Yes | Executive | No | |
| 2002–2003 | Adventure Inc. | No | No | Executive | No | |
| 2008–2012 | Unknown Sender | Yes | Yes | Executive | Yes | |
TV movies
| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer |
| 1982 | The Renegades | No | Yes | No |
| 1987 | The Spirit | No | Yes | Supervisor |
| 1991 | K-9000 | No | Yes | Executive |
| 2000 | Possessed | Yes | Yes | No |

## Awards and nominations

Won
* 2000 Norman Lear Award for Lifetime Achievement