OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benjamin von Buwinckhausen

Benjamin von Buwinckhausen (1571-1635) was a German diplomat who served the Duchy of Württemberg, and the German Princes of the Protestant Union.

## Biography

Buwinckhausen wrote an account of the London coronation of James VI and I and Anne of Denmark on 25 May 1603. He was lodged at Richmond Palace.
On 4 October 1603 Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg was invested in the Order of the Garter by a delegation of James VI and I. Sir Robert Spencer and William Dethick brought him the insignia of the order. Benjamin von Buwinckhausen helped organise the ceremonies in the church and castle in Stuttgart. The jewels including two garters with diamonds and rubies, and two St Georges with diamonds and rubies, and a gold chain or collar, made by the London goldsmiths, John Spilman and William Herrick.
He came to London again in 1608 with Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard. They returned the insignia of the Order of the Garter of the recently deceased Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg and visited Scotland where they were hosted by Andrew Melville of Garvock.
During the 1609 War of the Julich Succession, often he communicated with French minister Villeroy. Buwinckhausen believed that the Protestant Union couldn't defeat the Habsburgs who occupied Julich on its own, and thought that it was necessary to acquire aid from surrounding nations. He also believed that Wolfgang Wilhelm (who jointly claimed the Duchies of Julich-Cleves-Berg alongside Johann Sigismund of Brandenburg) was an unreliable ally that might switch to support the Habsburgs.
He was in England again in 1610 on a diplomatic mission. On 30 April 1610 their secretary recorded that they saw Othello, l'histoire du More de Venise, at the Globe Theatre. The next day they went to Eltham Park to see Cornelius Drebbel demonstrate his perpetual motion machine. They also observed King James fishing with cormorants.
In London in 1620 negotiating with Christopher von Dohna on behalf of Frederick V of the Palatinate and the Princes of the Union, Buwinckhausen refused a gift of valuable silver plate from James VI and I, on the grounds that he was not an ambassador. He was eventually persuaded to accept the silverware. He was also given a gold chain with a portrait medal of the king, provided by a London goldsmith John Acton. The exchequer record of the gift names him as "Benny Couzen".
# Elisabeth Le Guin

Elisabeth Covel Le Guin (born July 25, 1957) is an American musicologist and cellist. Originally the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra's principal cellist in the 1980s, she later got her PhD in Music at the University of California, Berkeley, and she worked at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1997 until 2022. A Guggenheim Fellow and Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, she is the author of Boccherini's Body (2005) and The Tonadilla in Performance (2013).

## Biography

Le Guin was born on July 25, 1957; her parents are science fiction author Ursula K. Le Guin and historian Charles Le Guin.
She attended the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, where she obtained BMus in Cello in 1979. She performed as a cellist for decades; she was part of Artaria String Quartet, Boston Early Music Festival, Concerto Amabile and Smithsonian Concerto Grosso, and she became the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra's principal cellist in 1986. She later did graduate studies at University of California, Berkeley, where she obtained an MA in 1992 and PhD in Music in 1997; her doctoral dissertation "As My Works Show Me To Be": Physicality as Compositional Technique in the Instrumental Music of Luigi Boccherini was supervised by Daniel Heartz.
In 1997, she joined the University of California, Los Angeles. She won the 2003 Alfred Einstein Award and 2007 Noah Greenberg Award. In 2005, she published Boccherini's Body, which focuses on the work of Classical-era composer Luigi Boccherini. She won the 2015 Otto Kinkeldey Award for her book The Tonadilla in Performance (2013), which its publisher called the "first major study of the tonadilla in English". In 2022, she retired from UCLA and became professor emeritus.
She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in Music Research in 2019, providing funding for Si Yo Fuera Una Canción, a bilingual podcast about the musical interests of people in Santa Ana, California. She was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021.
# Richard Lowe (cricketer, born 1869)

Richard Lowe (18 June 1869 – 3 July 1946) was an English cricketer. Lowe was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. He was born at Kirkby-in-Ashfield in Nottinghamshire.
Lowe made his first-class cricket debut for Lord Sheffield's XI against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Sheffield Park in 1891. His next first-class appearance came in his debut match for Sussex in the 1893 County Championship against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge. He made thirteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1894 County Championship.
He later joined Glamorgan, making his debut for the Welsh county against Monmouthshire in the 1897 Minor Counties Championship. He played minor counties cricket for Glamorgan from 1897 to 1901, making a total of 42 appearances, the last of which came against Devon. In addition to playing county cricket, he also played for Rishton in 1895 and Church in 1896 in the Lancashire League. He died at the town of his birth on 3 July 1946. His brothers, Sam and Tom, both played first-class cricket.
# Tilley Raymond House

The Tilley Raymond House is a historic house in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1847 by a prominent local builder, it is a well-preserved local example of a once popular Greek Revival side hall style house. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Description and history

The Raymond House is set on the north side of George Street, a side street that steeply climbs the hill to the west of Worcester's Main Street and downtown. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof, and clapboard siding. The building corners are pilastered, and a single-story porch extends across the front, with fluted Doric columns rising to an entablature and hip roof. The wall under the porch is flushboarded, with long sash windows and the entrance set in the leftmost of three bays. The gable above is fully pedimented, with a sash window at the center.
The house was built c. 1847 by Tilley Raymond, who, along with Horatio Tower, became one of Worcester's leading builders of the 1840s and 1850s. Raymond eventually left for California, apparently to capitalize on the gold rush, and the house was taken over by his son Edward. Edward Raymond was a veteran of the American Civil War, and served locally as the chief of police and clerk of the district court. He was admitted to the bar in 1880 after studying with George Hoar. The house was converted into apartments in 1898.
# CE-7.5

The CE-7.5 is a cryogenic rocket engine developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation to power the upper stage of its GSLV Mk-2 launch vehicle. The engine was developed as a part of the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP). It replaced the KVD-1 (RD-56) Russian cryogenic engine that powered the upper stage of GSLV Mk-1.

## Overview

CE-7.5 is a regeneratively-cooled, variable-thrust, fuel-rich staged combustion cycle rocket engine.

## Specifications

The specifications and key characteristics of the engine are:
* Operating Cycle – Staged combustion
* Propellant Combination – LOX / LH2
* Maximum thrust (Vacuum) – 73.55 kN
* Operating Thrust Range (as demonstrated during GSLV Mk2 D5 flight) – 73.55 kN to 82 kN
* Engine Specific Impulse - 454 ± 3 seconds (4.452 ± 0.029 km/s)
* Engine Burn Duration (Nom) – 720 seconds
* Propellant Mass – 12,800 kg
* Two independent regulators: thrust control and mixture ratio control
* Steering during thrust: provided by two gimballed steering engines

## Development

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) formally started the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project in 1994. The engine successfully completed the Flight Acceptance Hot Test in 2008, and was integrated with propellant tanks, third-stage structures and associated feed lines for the first launch. The first flight attempt took place in April 2010 during the GSLV Mk.II D3/GSAT-3 mission. The engine ignited, but the ignition did not sustain as the Fuel Booster Turbo Pump (FBTP) shut down after reaching a speed of about 34,500 rpm 480 milliseconds after ignition, due to the FBTP being starved of Liquid Hydrogen (LH2). On 27 March 2013 the engine was successfully tested under vacuum conditions. The engine performed as expected and was qualified to power the third stage of the GSLV Mk-2 rocket. On 5 January 2014 the cryogenic engine performed successfully and launched the GSAT-14 satellite in the GSLV-D5/GSAT-14 mission.
To aid in the development of NGLV, technolgies for multiple restart and development of a spark torch igniter was conducted on the Vernier engine of the GSLV CUS in March 2025.

## Applications

CE-7.5 is being used in the third stage of ISRO's GSLV Mk.II rocket.
# Sagarmatha Legends

Sagarmatha Legends (Nepali: सगरमाथा लेजेन्ड्स) was one of the teams of the Everest Premier League. It was captained by Binod Bhandari.

## Players

* Binod Bhandari (c)
* Anil Mandal
* Chandra Sawad
* Mehboob Alam
* Paresh Lohani
* Lokendra Chand
* Rupesh Shrivastav
* Nischal Pandey
* Anupam Singh
* Nabin
* Dilip Nath
* Rupesh Bastola
* Sunil Dhamala
# Henryk Wasilewski

Henryk Wasilewski (19 December 1953 – 16 July 2012) was a Polish middle-distance runner who specialized in the 1500 metres.
He finished fifth in the 1500 metres at the 1977 European Indoor Championships. He also competed at the 1974 European Championships and the 1978 European Indoor Championships without reaching the final. He became Polish champion in 1975, 1976, 1977 and 1978, and became Polish indoor champion in the 3000 metres in 1977.
His personal best time was 3.37.3 minutes, achieved in July 1977 in Warsaw. In the mile run he had 3.57.61 minutes, achieved in August 1977 in West Berlin.
# Prefecture D

Prefecture D (陰の季節, Kage no Kisetsu, "Season of Shadows") is a 1998 novella collection by Hideo Yokoyama, published by Bungeishunju. The English translation, by Jonathan Lloyd-Davies, was published by the MCD imprint of Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 2020.
There are four novellas in the collection:
* "Season of Shadows" (陰の季節)
* "Cry of the Earth" (地の声)
* "Black Lines" (黒い線)
* "Briefcase" (鞄)
The novellas take place in "Prefecture D", which itself is not specified. Paul Sedan of The Christian Science Monitor argued that it would likely be "one in a mountainous location in the middle of the country." They focus more on day-to-day business of the police agency of that fictional prefecture, including personal conflicts. Kirkus Reviews stated that "politics" rather than "mayhem" is the focus.

## Background

The translator originated from Wales.

## Reception

Sedan argued that the work has "attention-grabbing prose" and that the translator did "a yeoman’s job here."
Publishers Weekly stated that the book is "disappointing", arguing that the resolutions "are largely anticlimactic" and that the characters are not "memorable".
# Yang Qiuxia

Yang Qiuxia (born 7 July 1998) is a Chinese para-badminton player. She represented China at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and won a gold in the women's singles SU5 event.

## Achievements
### Paralympic Games

Women's singles SU5
| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2020 | Yoyogi National Gymnasium, Tokyo, Japan | Ayako Suzuki | 21–17, 21–9 | Gold |
| 2024 | Paris, France | Thulasimathi Murugesan | 21-17, 21-10 | Gold |

### World Championships

Women's singles
| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2017 | Dongchun Gymnasium, Ulsan, South Korea | Ayako Suzuki | 21–18, 18–21, 18–21 | Silver |
| 2019 | St. Jakobshalle, Basel, Switzerland | Ayako Suzuki | 17–21, 21–17, 21–15 | Gold |
| 2024 | Pattaya Exhibition and Convention Hall, Pattaya, Thailand | Manisha Ramadass | 21–16, 21–16 | Gold |
Women’s doubles
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2024 | Pattaya Exhibition and Convention Hall, Pattaya, Thailand | Xiao Zuxian | Manasi Joshi Thulasimathi Murugesan | 13–21, 20–22 | Bronze |
Mixed doubles
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2017 | Dongchun Gymnasium, Ulsan, South Korea | Yang Jianyuan | Hary Susanto Leani Ratri Oktila | 14–21, 14–21 | Silver |

### Asian Para Games

Women's singles
| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2018 | Istora Gelora Bung Karno, Jakarta, Indonesia | Ayako Suzuki | 21–16, 21–16 | Gold |
Women's doubles
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2018 | Istora Gelora Bung Karno, Jakarta, Indonesia | Xiao Zuxian | Cheng Hefang Ma Huihui | 10–21, 1–21 | Bronze |

### Asian Championships

Women's singles
| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2016 | China Administration of Sport for Persons with Disabilities, Beijing, China | Ayako Suzuki | 17–21, 21–11, 21–9 | Gold |

### Asian Youth Para Games

Women's singles
| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2017 | Al Wasl Club, Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Li Tongtong | 17–21, 21–14, 21–10 | Gold |

### International Tournaments (4 titles, 3 runners-up)

Women's singles
| Year | Tournament | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2017 | Japan Para Badminton International | Ayako Suzuki | 21–8, 13–21, 18–21 | Runner-up |
| 2019 | Turkish Para Badminton International | Cathrine Rosengren | 21–23, 21–8, 21–9 | Winner |
| 2019 | Dubai Para Badminton International | Ayako Suzuki | 21–18, 21–13 | Winner |
| 2019 | China Para Badminton International | Ayako Suzuki | 21–14, 19–21, 21–19 | Winner |
| 2019 | Japan Para Badminton International | Ayako Suzuki | 19–21, 20–22 | Runner-up |
| 2020 | Brazil Para Badminton International | Li Tongtong | 17–21, 23–25 | Runner-up |
Women's doubles
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| 2017 | Japan Para Badminton International | Manasi Girishchandra Joshi | Helle Sofie Sagøy Katrin Seibert | 23–21, 21–15 | Winner |
# Chota Formation

The Chota Formation is an Early Campanian to Late Eocene geologic formation of the Cajamarca and western Amazonas Region in northern Peru. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus ("Baguasaurus"). The formation was formerly named Bagua Formation.
# Newes from Scotland

Newes from Scotland - declaring the damnable life and death of Dr. Fian, a notable sorcerer is a pamphlet printed in London in 1591, and likely written by James Carmichael, who later advised King James VI on the writing of his book Daemonologie. Carmichael made a claim for payment for fifteen months work attending the examinations of diverse witches. The book describes the North Berwick witch trials in Scotland and the confessions given before the king, and was published in Daemonologie by King James in 1597.

## Content

Included in the pamphlet is an account of the alleged witches Agnes Sampson, known as the Wise Wife of Keith, and the principal accuser Geillis Duncan. It also described the death of Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus who was said to have been bewitched to death in a disease so strange his physician could find no cure or remedy. The pamphlet details the initial events leading up to the trials, how each of the suspected witches were found out and captured. This led to the eventual apprehension of Dr. John Fian who was declared a notable sorcerer, under compact with the devil and the supposed head of the coven.
During his examination, he confessed to be the register of the witches under the service of Satan. Afterwards, he renounced his compact with Satan and swore to live an honourable Christian life. He also testified that Satan came to him the same day to convince him to uphold his original pact. Fian stated that he renounced Satan to his face.
It was the next day when he confessed what happened that he managed to steal a key to his cell from one of the guards and escaped his imprisonment. After he was recaptured, he was tortured to obtain his confession but denied all his previous confessions. Implements described as used during his interrogation included the boot, which crushed his feet and lower legs, with turcas, a type of pincer, and needles to forcibly extract his nails. Geillis Duncan's earlier testimony had been secured by the use of pilliwinks.

## Historical significance

The pamphlet contains virtually the only contemporary illustrations of Scottish witchcraft and was the earliest Scottish or English printed document dedicated to only covering witchcraft in Scotland. It provided the first descriptions of the osculum infame, also known as the kiss of shame or the obscene kiss, to the English population.
Original copies are kept at Glasgow University, and in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

## In popular culture

The pamphlet features in the short story "Leave Fast the Knot of Four" by Peter Wise in Disturbing the Water, his collection of themed original ghost stories set around rivers and lakes.
# Saint-Léger, Belgium

Saint-Léger (French pronunciation: ; also unofficial Saint-Léger-en-Gaume; Walloon: Sint-Ldjir-e-Gåme) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.
On 1 January 2022 the municipality, which covers 35.86 km$^2$, had 3,735 inhabitants, giving a population density of 104.0 inhabitants per km$^2$.
The municipality consists of the districts of Châtillon, Meix-le-Tige, and Saint-Léger.There is a spar near the town center.

## Transport

Saint-Léger is not served by any highways. The closes highway entrance is exit 31 of the E25/E411 highway (Brussels/Liège - Luxembourg) in neighbouring Arlon. There is one major national road that passes Saint-Léger from southwest to northeast. This is the N82 from Virton to the provincial capital Arlon. All N-roads are maintained by the Walloon government. The following roads cross the municipality:
* N82: Virton - Saint-Léger - Châtillon - Arlon
* N813: Aubange - Meix-le-Teige - Châtillon - Étalle
Saint-Léger is served by the Walloon transport authority TEC with following bus lines:
* 19/191: Virton - Saint-Léger - Châtillon - Arlon
* 199: Saint-Mard - Virton - Saint-Léger - Châtillon - Arlon
* 20/201: Châtillon - Meix-le-Teige - Rachecourt - Arlon
* 391: Saint-Léger - Ruette - Virton
* 731: Saint-Léger - Châtillon - Meix-le-Teige - Athus
There are no railway lines passing Saint-Léger. The closest train station is in Virton, 11.5 km to the southwest. The closest airport with commercial service is Luxembourg Airport 40.5 km east.
# Pace Grasso Stadium

The Pace Grasso Stadium, formerly known as Schreiber Sports Ground, was a stadium in Paola, Malta. It was used mostly for football matches.

## History

The site of the stadium was formerly occupied by Tal-Borg Battery, an artillery battery built by Maltese insurgents during the French blockade of 1798–1800. The battery was probably demolished during the early 19th century.
The stadium was built in 1946 by Captain Serafino Xuereb, who at that time was also the president of Hibernians, on land provided by the Governor of Malta of that time, Sir Edmond Schreiber. Fittingly, the stadium was named as Schreiber Sports Ground but eventually it was renamed to Pace Grasso Stadium in remembrance of Harry Grasso and Victor Pace, who were both killed by an explosion caused by fireworks intended to be used for Hibernians' post-FA Trophy celebrations. Hibernians had lost the match to Sliema Wanderers on penalties.
The Schreiber Sports Ground was inaugurated on 12 October 1946 with a match from the Minor League between Mosta Youngsters and Birżebbuġa St. Peter's. In 1959, the proprietor of the stadium, Mr Xuereb, passed on the ownership of the lease to the owners of the Empire Stadium in Gżira for the sum of £9,750. The new owners originally considered the prospect of demolishing the stadium and erect a new one and move to a home-and-away system, with the clubs to the north of Malta based in the Empire Stadium and those to the south based at the redeveloped Schreiber Sports Ground. These plans however never materialised. During the season 1977-78, the lease was terminated and the stadium was taken over by the Government of Malta.
The stadium used to host matches from the lower divisions of the Maltese football league but eventually was replaced by the modern Centenary Stadium in Ta' Qali.

## Future

The stadium, which has since fallen in state of disrepair, was subject to a number of proposed developments. Ultimately, on 28 September 2017, the Planning Authority approved the construction of a regional health hub in the area. The project also entails the conversion of part of the Pace Grasso Stadium into temporary parking.

## Violence

On 14 May 1967, violence broke out and three matches had to be abandoned.
# Wayzata Subdivision

The Wayzata Subdivision or Wayzata Sub is a railway line that runs about 93 miles (150 km) from Willmar to Minneapolis, Minnesota. Currently operated by BNSF Railway, this was part of the Great Northern Railway's transcontinental line from Minneapolis to Seattle, Washington. Today, BNSF's Northern Transcon travels up the Staples Subdivision instead, which is a more direct route to Fargo, North Dakota. West of Target Field station the Wayzata Sub sees about 4-6 trains a day, consisting of manifest, grain, and ethanol traffic. The Wayzata Sub also occasionally sees other commodities such as coal and oil trains, and can sometimes receive intermodal or Amtrak reroutes when needed.
U.S. Highway 12 closely follows the Wayzata Subdivision. At its western end in Willmar, there are connections to the Morris Subdivision to Breckenridge, Minnesota and the Marshall Subdivision to Sioux City, Iowa. At Garretson, South Dakota a wye track goes to Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The line meets the Midway Subdivision in Minneapolis at the eastern end.
Some Great Northern passenger trains ran along this line, though service was cut back to just the Empire Builder upon the formation of Amtrak in 1971. Service to the Minneapolis Great Northern Depot stopped in the late 1978, when trains were shifted to Midway station in Saint Paul. The Empire Builder changed to its modern routing along the Staples Subdivision in late 1979 when the North Coast Hiawatha ended service.
There wasn't any passenger service on the line from that time until November 2009 when the Northstar commuter rail line began operation. The commuter train's southern terminus at Target Field station is at the extreme eastern end of the line. The Cedar Lake Trail bicycle route (and its continuation, the Hutchinson Spur) runs parallel to the Wayzata Sub from St. Louis Park into downtown Minneapolis along former Great Northern and Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway right-of-way. The proposed Southwest Corridor light-rail line will briefly parallel the Wayzata Subdivision from the vicinity of Lyndale Junction to Cedar Lake Junction. Once in a while, the Empire Builder today will use the old routing when the Staples Sub is out of service, most recently in February 2022, when a derailment in Frazee, MN caused the train to traverse its original route through Minnesota once again.