# The Slave Market (Boulanger)

The Slave Market is a painting first exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1886 by the French artist Gustave Boulanger, who specialized in classical and Orientalist genre scenes. Its title in the Salon catalogue was Un Maquignon d’esclaves à Rome (A Slave Dealer in Rome), but as early as 1888 it was called Vente d’esclaves (Sale of Slaves) in the French press, and in English it has become known as The Slave Market. It is sometimes compared to or confused with various paintings of slave markets in the Arab world and the ancient world by Boulanger's friend and fellow painter Jean-Léon Gérôme.

## Description

The painting depicts an Ancient Roman slave auction. It shows the marketing of seven young people, ranging in age from children to young adults, as slaves. Both male slaves, as well as three of the female slaves, bear a similarity in appearance perhaps suggesting that they are members of a family forced into slavery by economic conditions. All are wearing tags to indicate their availability as slaves. The youngest boy is completely naked, while the young man next to him is wearing a loincloth. The young woman sitting next to them is topless, wearing only a skirt, but she is covering her breasts with her legs in a protective pose. The standing African woman is also topless, wearing a white loincloth, and she is covering her breasts with her hands. Her feet are whitened with chalk to show she is a foreign import, unlike the others, and tax has been paid on her. The taller, standing, young woman is wearing a translucent garment which clearly shows her breasts and pubic hair—she is trying to shield her eyes, perhaps because her potential buyers include former friends and neighbors, who are probably seeing her nude for the first time. The adolescent girl next to her is also topless and barefoot, wearing a skirt. The red-haired woman crouching next to them is wearing a loose garment which leaves both her breasts and her genitals exposed. The auctioneer sits eating his lunch with a very casual attitude.The stand is made of wood with a stick tied to a sheet of cloth providing shade. Some of the slaves lean on a white stone wall, on which is written in red, STORAX SERVORUM MANGO, Latin for "Storax, Slave Merchant.'"
From a common type of Salon academic art of the period, it depicts an eroticized scene clad as a history painting, as was customary at the time in Paris. Boulanger had visited Italy, Greece, and North Africa, and the painting reflects his attention to culturally correct details and skill in rendering the female form.

## Slaves for sale

Two years later, in 1888, Boulanger exhibited a painting described as a pendant to The Slave Market, entitled Esclaves à vendre ("Slaves for Sale"). It was to be the last painting exhibited by the artist, who died that same year. It is currently known only from a black and white reproduction, but the art critic Georges Lafenestre noted colors and other details in this description:
   Naked girl, standing, almost full-on, leaning against a wooden partition. Her head tilted to the right, her blonde hair loose and falling, she leans her left hand against the planks. She wears, as a belt, a torn flap of black cloth, held in place by a red cord, which falls down her right leg. On her neck hangs a small label on which is written: Virgo gallica honesta corpore, XVIII annum, etc. [The Latin indicates this is a scene from the ancient Roman world, not from the Arab world, as might be thought from the other figure's burnous.] To the right, at the feet of the young girl, squatting on the ground, both hands on his knees, is a Negro wrapped in a striped burnous with a blue background, his head covered with a pink cloth, crowned with myrtle leaves. On the left, on the straw, a jar.
The Slave Market is thought to be in a private collection. The status and location of Esclaves à vendre is unknown.