# List of Vietnamese dynasties

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Prehistoric Paleolithic Sơn Vi culture 20,000 BC–12,000 BC Mesolithic Hoabinhian 12,000 BC–10,000 BC Neolithic Bắc Sơn culture 10,000 BC–8,000 BC Quỳnh Văn culture 8,000 BC–6,000 BC Đa Bút culture 4,000 BC–3,000 BC Bronze and Iron Ages Phùng Nguyên culture 2,000 BC–1,500 BC Đồng Đậu culture 1,500 BC–1,000 BC Gò Mun culture 1,000–800 BC Dong Son culture (1,000 BC–100 AD) Sa Huỳnh culture (1,000 BC–200 AD) Óc Eo culture (1–630 AD) :
Ancient Hồng Bàng dynasty 2879 BC–258 BC Thục dynasty 257 BC–179 BC Triệu dynasty 204 BC–111 BC :
Dominated 1st Chinese domination 111 BC–40 AD Trung sisters' rebellion 40–43 2nd Chinese domination 43–544 Early Lý dynasty544–602 3rd Chinese domination602–938 :
Dynastic Ngô dynasty 939–965 Anarchy of the 12 Warlords 965–968 Đinh dynasty 968–980 Early Lê dynasty 980–1009 Later Lý dynasty 1009–1225 Trần dynasty 1225–1400 Hồ dynasty 1400–1407 4th Chinese domination 1407–1428 Later Lê dynasty 1428–1527 Mạc dynasty 1527–1592 Later Lê Restoration 1533–1789 Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802 Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945 :
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Prior to the abdication of Bảo Đại on 25 August 1945 during the August Revolution, Vietnam was ruled by a series of dynasties of either local or Chinese origin. The following is a list of major dynasties in the history of Vietnam.

## Background
### Naming convention

In Vietnamese historiography, dynasties are generally known to historians by the family name of the monarchs. For example, the Đinh dynasty (Nhà Đinh; ) is known as such because the ruling clan bore the family name Đinh (丁).
Similar to Chinese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasties would adopt a quốc hiệu (; "name of the state") upon the establishment of the realm. However, as it was common for several dynasties to share the same official name, referring to regimes by their official name in historiography would be potentially confusing. For instance, the quốc hiệu "Đại Việt" was used by the Lý dynasty (since the reign of Lý Thánh Tông), the Trần dynasty, the Later Trần dynasty, the Later Lê dynasty, the Mạc dynasty, and the Tây Sơn dynasty.
In the Vietnamese language, the word for "dynasty" may be written as either nhà or triều depending on the context. The former is generally used to denote the ruling family whereas the latter refers to the dynastic regime. For instance, the Mạc dynasty can be rendered as "Nhà Mạc" or "Mạc triều".

### Origin of dynasties

Apart from over one millennium of direct Chinese rule, Vietnam was ruled by a series of "local" dynasties, although some of which could have their origins traced to China.
The founder of the legendary Hồng Bàng dynasty, Lộc Tục, was recorded as a descendant of the mythical Chinese ruler Shennong.
According to two historical Vietnamese texts, the Complete Annals of Đại Việt and the Imperially-commissioned Annotated Text Reflecting the Complete History of Việt, Thục Phán of the Thục dynasty was from Sichuan, China, which was previously under the rule of the ancient Chinese State of Shu.
The Triệu dynasty, established by Zhao Tuo from the Chinese Qin dynasty, was considered an orthodox local regime by traditional Vietnamese historiography. However, modern Vietnamese historians generally regard the Triệu dynasty to be a foreign regime that ruled Vietnam.
The founder of the Early Lý dynasty, Lý Bôn, was descended from Chinese refugees who fled Wang Mang's seizure of power in the final years of the Western Han in China.
The first emperor of the Lý dynasty, Lý Công Uẩn, could have his paternal bloodline traced to modern-day Fujian, China. Lý Công Uẩn's father, Lý Thuần An, escaped to Quanzhou from Hebei after Lý Công Uẩn's grandfather, Li Song, was wrongly accused of treason and executed by the Emperor Yin of Later Han.
The origin of the Trần dynasty was traced to modern Fujian, where the ancestor of the Trần imperial clan, Trần Kính, migrated from in the 11th century CE. The Later Trần dynasty was ruled by the same imperial clan as the earlier Trần dynasty.
The Hồ dynasty was ruled by the Hồ family which migrated from present-day Zhejiang, China to Vietnam under the leadership of Hồ Hưng Dật during the 10th century CE. The Hồ dynasty claimed descent from the Duke Hu of Chen, the founder of the ancient Chinese State of Chen. The Duke Hu of Chen was in turn descended from the legendary Emperor Shun, who was recognized by Hồ Quý Ly as the progenitor of the Hồ imperial family. Accordingly, the Hồ dynasty adopted the official quốc hiệu "Đại Ngu" (; "Great Ngu"); "Ngu" was derived from the Emperor Shun's lineage name, Youyu (有虞). Rulers of the Tây Sơn dynasty, initially surnamed Hồ, were descended from the same line as the Hồ dynasty.

### Familial relations among dynasties

Several Vietnamese dynasties were related:
* Dương Vân Nga was originally an empress consort of Đinh Tiên Hoàng, the founder of the Đinh dynasty; she later became an empress consort of Lê Hoàn, the founder of the Early Lê dynasty
* Lê Thị Phất Ngân, the empress consort of Lý Thái Tổ, the founder of the Lý dynasty, was the daughter of Lê Hoàn and thus originally a princess of the Early Lê dynasty
* The final monarch of the Lý dynasty, Lý Chiêu Hoàng, was the spouse of Trần Thái Tông, the founder of the Trần dynasty. Later on, he would marry her elder sister, Princess Lý Oánh, the biological mother of Trần Thánh Tông.
* Hồ Quý Ly, the founder of the Hồ dynasty, was the maternal grandfather of Trần An, the last emperor of the Trần dynasty
* Giản Định Đế, the founder of the Later Trần dynasty, was a son of the ninth Trần monarch, Trần Nghệ Tông; he was also an older brother of the 12th emperor of the Trần dynasty, Trần Thuận Tông
* The Primitive Lê dynasty and the Revival Lê dynasty are collectively called the Later Lê dynasty; the founder of the Revival Lê dynasty, Lê Trang Tông, was a son of Lê Chiêu Tông, the 11th Primitive Lê emperor
* The ruling house of the Tây Sơn dynasty was descended from the same paternal ancestor as the Hồ dynasty
* Gia Long Đế, the founder of the Nguyễn dynasty, was a paternal grandson of Nguyễn Phúc Khoát, the eighth Nguyễn lord

### Champa

Champa (Chăm Pa; 占婆) existed as an independent polity until its annexation by the Nguyễn dynasty in 1832 CE, thereby laying the foundation for the territories of the modern Vietnamese state. Most of the rulers of Champa were of Cham descent, an Austronesian ethnic group distinct from the majority Kinh ethnicity of Vietnam.
There were 15 dynasties in the history of Champa. According to Chinese historical sources, Champa officially used the quốc hiệu "Lâm Ấp" (林邑) from the 1st to 4th dynasties, "Hoàn Vương" (環王) during the 5th dynasty, and "Chiêm Thành" (占城) from the 6th to 15th dynasties.

## List of dynasties in Vietnamese history

This list includes the various dynasties in the history of Vietnam, of both local and Chinese origins. Dynasties of China that ruled Vietnam are highlighted in orange. The Triệu dynasty is highlighted in light orange due to its disputed status.
| Dynasty | Dynasty | Period of rule | Period of rule | Period of rule | Status | Rulers | Rulers | Rulers | Rulers |
| Historiographical name (English / Chữ Quốc ngữ / Hán Nôm) | Official name (Chữ Quốc ngữ / Hán Nôm) | From | To | Term | Status | Surname | First to rule | Last to rule | List |
| Hồng Bàng dynasty Hồng Bàng thị | 2879–2524 BCE: Xích Quỷ 2524–258 BCE: Văn Lang | 2879 BCE | 258 BCE | 2621 years | Royal | | Kinh Dương Vương | Hùng Duệ Vương | (list) |
| Thục dynasty Thục triều / Nhà Thục / | Âu Lạc | 257 BCE | 207 BCE | 50 years | Royal | Khai Minh | An Dương Vương | An Dương Vương | (list) |
| Triệu dynasty Triệu triều / Nhà Triệu / | Nam Việt | 204 BCE | 111 BCE | 93 years | 204–180 BCE; 125–111 BCE: Royal180–125 BCE: Imperial | Zhao 趙 | Wu of Nanyue | Zhao Jiande | (list) |
| Western Han Tây Hán | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 111 BCE | 9 CE | 120 years | Imperial | Liu | Wu of Han | Liu Ying | (list) |
| Xin dynasty Tân triều / Nhà Tân / | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 9 CE | 23 CE | 14 years | Imperial | Wang 王 | Wang Mang | Wang Mang | (list) |
| Eastern Han Đông Hán | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 25 CE | 220 CE | 192 years | Imperial | Liu 劉 | Guangwu of Han | Xian of Han | (list) |
| Eastern Wu Đông Ngô | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 229 CE | 280 CE | 45 years | Imperial | Sun 孫 | Da of Eastern Wu | Sun Hao | (list) |
| Western Jin Tây Tấn | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 266 CE | 316 CE | 41 years | Imperial | Sima 司馬 | Wu of Jin | Min of Jin | (list) |
| Eastern Jin Đông Tấn | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 317 CE | 420 CE | 103 years | Imperial | Sima 司馬 | Yuan of Jin | Gong of Jin | (list) |
| Liu Song Lưu Tống | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 420 CE | 479 CE | 59 years | Imperial | Liu 劉 | Wu of Liu Song | Shun of Liu Song | (list) |
| Southern Qi Nam Tề | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 479 CE | 502 CE | 23 years | Imperial | Xiao 蕭 | Gao of Southern Qi | He of Southern Qi | (list) |
| Liang dynasty Lương triều / Nhà Lương / 茹梁 | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 502 CE | 544 CE | 42 years | Imperial | Xiao 蕭 | Wu of Liang | Wu of Liang | (list) |
| Early Lý dynasty Tiền Lý triều / Nhà Tiền Lý / | Vạn Xuân | 544 CE | 602 CE | 58 years | Imperial | Lý | Lý Bôn | Lý Phật Tử | (list) |
| Sui dynasty Tùy triều / Nhà Tùy / | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 602 CE | 618 CE | 16 years | Imperial | Yang 楊 | Wen of Sui | Yang of Sui | (list) |
| Tang dynasty Đường triều / Nhà Đường / | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 621 CE | 907 CE | 271 years | Imperial | Li 李 | Gaozu of Tang | Ai of Tang | (list) |
| Wu Zhou Võ Chu | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 690 CE | 705 CE | 15 years | Imperial | Wu 武 | Shengshen of Wu Zhou | Shengshen of Wu Zhou | (list) |
| Southern Han Nam Hán | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 930 CE | 938 CE | 8 years | Imperial | Liu 劉 | Gaozu of Southern Han | Gaozu of Southern Han | (list) |
| Ngô dynasty Ngô triều / Nhà Ngô / | Tĩnh Hải quân | 939 CE | 965 CE | 26 years | Royal | Ngô | Ngô Quyền | Nam Tấn Vương (co-ruler)Thiên Sách Vương (co-ruler) | (list) |
| Đinh dynasty Đinh triều / Nhà Đinh / | Đại Cồ Việt | 968 CE | 980 CE | 12 years | Imperial | Đinh 丁 | Đinh Bộ Lĩnh | Đinh Toàn | (list) |
| Early Lê dynasty Tiền Lê triều / Nhà Tiền Lê / | Đại Cồ Việt | 980 CE | 1009 CE | 29 years | Imperial | Lê | Lê Hoàn | Lê Long Đĩnh | (list) |
| Lý dynasty Lý triều / Nhà Lý / | 1009–1054 CE: Đại Cồ Việt 1054–1225 CE: Đại Việt | 1009 CE | 1225 CE | 216 years | Imperial | Lý | Lý Thái Tổ | Lý Chiêu Hoàng | (list) |
| Trần dynasty Trần triều / Nhà Trần / | Đại Việt | 1225 CE | 1400 CE | 175 years | Imperial | Trần | Trần Thái Tông | Trần An | (list) |
| Hồ dynasty Hồ triều / Nhà Hồ / | Đại Ngu | 1400 CE | 1407 CE | 7 years | Imperial | Hồ 胡 | Hồ Quý Ly | Hồ Hán Thương | (list) |
| Ming dynasty Minh triều / Nhà Minh / | No independent Vietnamese dynastic title | 1407 CE | 1427 CE | 20 years | Imperial | Zhu 朱 | Yongle | Xuande | (list) |
| Later Trần dynasty Hậu Trần triều / Nhà Hậu Trần / | Đại Việt | 1407 CE | 1413 CE | 6 years | Imperial | Trần | Giản Định Đế | Trùng Quang Đế | (list) |
| Primitive Lê dynasty Lê sơ triều / Nhà Lê sơ / | Đại Việt | 1428 CE | 1527 CE | 99 years | Imperial | Lê | Lê Thái Tổ | Lê Cung Hoàng | (list) |
| Mạc dynasty Mạc triều / Nhà Mạc / | Đại Việt | 1527 CE | 1677 CE | 150 years | Imperial | Mạc | Mạc Thái Tổ | Mạc Kính Vũ | (list) |
| Revival Lê dynasty Lê trung hưng triều / Nhà Lê trung hưng / | Đại Việt | 1533 CE | 1789 CE | 256 years | Imperial | Lê | Lê Trang Tông | Lê Mẫn Đế | (list) |
| Tây Sơn dynasty Tây Sơn triều / Nhà Tây Sơn / | Đại Việt | 1778 CE | 1802 CE | 24 years | Imperial | Nguyễn | Thái Đức Đế | Cảnh Thịnh Đế | (list) |
| Nguyễn dynasty Nguyễn triều / Nhà Nguyễn / | 1802–1804 CE: Nam Việt 1804–1839 CE: Việt Nam 1839–1945 CE: Đại Nam 1945 CE: Đế quốc Việt Nam | 1802 CE | 1945 CE | 143 years | Imperial | Nguyễn Phúc | Gia Long Đế | Bảo Đại Đế | (list) |

## Timeline of dynasties in Vietnamese history

Legend:
* Orange denotes local Vietnamese dynasties
* Teal denotes dynasties during the First Era of Northern Domination
* Olive denotes dynasties during the Second Era of Northern Domination
* Green denotes dynasties during the Third Era of Northern Domination
* Pink denotes dynasty during the Fourth Era of Northern Domination