OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peretz Naftali

Peretz Naftali (Hebrew: פרץ נפתלי; 19 March 1888 – 30 April 1961) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician who served in several ministerial portfolios in the 1950s.

## Biography

Born Fritz Naftali in Berlin in 1888, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1911. He served in the German Army between 1911 and 1912, after which he started to work as a journalist on economic affairs, returning to the army for a spell in 1917–18 to fight in World War I. In 1921, he became editor of the economics department of the Frankfurter Zeitung, a post he held until 1926, when he became head of the economic research department of a trade union. In 1921 he also published a book, How to read the Economic Section of the Newspaper, which was a bestseller.
In 1925 he joined the Zionism movement, and in 1931 was a delegate to the Zionist Congress. He made aliyah in 1933, initially working as a lecturer at the Technion, before becoming director general of Bank Hapoalim in 1938, a post he held until 1949. Between 1941 and 1948 he served as a member of the Assembly of Representatives.
He was elected to the Knesset in 1949 on Mapai's list. After being re-elected in 1951 he was appointed Minister without Portfolio in David Ben-Gurion's government. In June 1952 he became Minister of Agriculture, a role he held until the 1955 elections, after which he reverted to being a Minister without Portfolio. In January 1959 he became Minister of Welfare, but lost his Knesset seat and place in the cabinet in the 1959 elections.

## Literature

* Wirtschaftsdemokratie: Ihr Wesen, Weg und Ziel. Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Allgemeinen Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbundes von Fritz Naphtali. Berlin: Verlagsgesellschaft des Allgemeinen Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbundes, GmbH.; 1928.
# Expression (song)

"Expression" is a song by American group Salt-N-Pepa, released as the lead single from their third album, Blacks' Magic (1990). The song was both written and produced by member Cheryl "Salt" James. It became the group's second single to reach the top 40 in the United States, peaking at number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 while also topping the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart, becoming their first song to do so. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 1992 a re-release charted within the top 30 in Ireland and the United Kingdom and peaked at number 13 in France. The accompanying music video is notable for marking the directorial debut of director Millicent Shelton.

## Critical reception

Connie Johnson from Los Angeles Times remarked that "Expression" is written "with a power-to-the-individual emphasis", naming it "one of the wittiest rap tracks to emerge this year." Terry Staunton from NME wrote, "A bold experiment combining rap and lovers' rock with a built-in tribute to their favourite rappers near the end. This is going to be bloody massive, Top Ten in matter of minutes." Kim France from Spin described it as "a danceable, darn near perfect number that owes more than a touch to Chaka Khan's 84 proto-hip-house hit "I Feel For You"."

## Track listing

* A-side
* "Expression" – 4:04
* "Expression" (No Shorts mix) – 5:17
* "Expression" (acappella) – 1:16
* B-side
* "Expression" (instrumental) – 4:04
* "Expression" (Bonus Beats) – 1:30
* "Clubhouse" (vocal) – 5:29
* "Clubhouse" (instrumental) – 5:29

## Charts

| Chart (1990–1992) | Peak position |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 99 |
| France (SNEP) | 13 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 76 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 40 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 26 |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 32 |
| US Dance Singles Sales (Billboard) | 6 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 8 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## 1992 re-release

"Expression" was re-released in 1992 as the first (and only) single from Salt-N-Pepa's remix album, Rapped in Remixes: The Greatest Hits Remixed. The song peaked at number 23 in Ireland and the United Kingdom and number 13 in France.

### Track listing

* CD maxi-single
* "Expression" (Hard Ecu edit) – 3:59
* "Expression" (Hard Ecu full kength) – 6:18
* "Expression" (House mix) – 6:18
* "Expression" (Tear the Roof Off the Sucker) – 5:46

### Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| Europe (European Dance Radio) | 11 |
| France (SNEP) | 13 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 23 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 23 |
# Desmond Vamplew

Desmond Vamplew (born 20 August 1955) is a sport shooter from Canada. He won the gold medal in the men's/open fullbore rifle event at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, and the silver medal in the Queen's Prize fullbore rifle pairs event (with James Paton) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.
# Puissance (band)

Puissance is a Swedish martial neoclassical music group formed in 1993 consisting of members Henry Möller (who also plays in Arditi) and Frederik Söderlund.

## Overview

Due to their aesthetic approach and past member associations, Puissance are often associated with black metal. However, Puissance do not use guitars but rather electronic instruments such as synthesizers and samplers, resulting in a militant approach somewhere between industrial music and bombastic neoclassical music. Later albums display more of an emphasis on rhythm and a more pop music-based approach.
Nuclear holocaust and misanthropy are commonly explored themes. Lyrics are sung in English although they made some Swedish songs in the beginning of their career on their demo tapes (and most recently, a bonus track on the 2007 album "Grace of God").

## Discography
### Albums and EPs

| Year | Title | Format, Special Notes |
| 1995 | Krig | Demo |
| 1995 | Obey, Hate, Die | Demo |
| 1996 | Let Us Lead | CD, LP |
| 1997 | Totalitarian Hearts | EP |
| 1998 | Back in Control | CD |
| 1999 | Mother of Disease | CD, LP |
| 1999 | War On | CD |
| 2000 | A Call to Arms | EP 7" |
| 2000 | Genocidal | EP |
| 2000 | Hail the Mushroom Cloud | EP |
| 2001 | Total Cleansing | CD |
| 2003 | To Give Death by the Sword of Christ | split EP with Sorhin |
| 2004 | State Collapse | CD |
| 2007 | Grace of God | CD |
# Charles Henry Spencer-Churchill

Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Henry Spencer-Churchill (27 May 1828 – 3 April 1877) was a British army officer who fought in the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny.

## Life and career

He was the eldest son of Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill, a veteran of the Peninsular War, and he was educated at Eton College. On 10 October 1845, he purchased a second lieutenant's commission in the Rifle Brigade. He served with the brigade during the Seventh Xhosa War.
After the outbreak of the Crimean War, Spencer-Churchill purchased a captaincy on 4 August 1854. He was commended for gallantry by Lord Raglan during the war, breveted major on 2 November 1855, and received the Order of the Medjidie, 5th class.
On 17 June 1857, Spencer-Churchill exchanged into the 60th Regiment of Foot and went out to India, where he took part in the suppression of the Indian Mutiny and was present at the capture of Delhi.
In 1862, Spencer-Churchill married Rosalie Lowther, daughter of the Reverend Gorges Paulin Lowther. He served with his regiment in Canada and was breveted lieutenant-colonel in the 60th Foot on 5 September 1865, but went on temporary half-pay on 11 December 1866. His health had been permanently impaired by exposure during the Crimean War.
On 13 January 1869, he exchanged from half-pay into the 68th Regiment of Foot, and he retired the same day. He died of tuberculosis near Menton on 3 April 1877.
# Alexander Clutterbuck

Sir Peter Alexander Clutterbuck GCMG MC (27 March 1897 – 29 December 1975) was a British diplomat who was high commissioner to Canada and India and ambassador to Ireland.

## Life and career

Alexander's father, Sir Peter Clutterbuck, was an Inspector General of Forests in India and Burma.
Peter Alexander Clutterbuck was educated at Malvern College and Pembroke College, Cambridge. During World War I, he served in the Coldstream Guards and was awarded the Military Cross and a mention in dispatches. After the war he entered the Civil Service, at first in the Post Office, transferring to the Colonial Office in 1922.
He was secretary to the Donoughmore Commission 1927–28, and a member of the UK delegations to the League of Nations General Assembly in 1929, 1930 and 1931. He was secretary to the Newfoundland Royal Commission in 1933. He was High Commissioner to Canada 1946–52 and to India 1952–55. His term in India was cut short by ill health: he was advised not to continue to serve in a tropical climate and was appointed ambassador to Ireland 1955–59.
Finally, he was Permanent Under-Secretary at the Commonwealth Relations Office 1959–61.
Clutterbuck was appointed CMG in the 1943 New Year Honours, knighted KCMG in the New Year Honours of 1946 and raised to GCMG in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1952.
   Lord Garner, Clutterbuck's successor at the Commonwealth Relations Office, wrote:
       Clutterbuck's appointment as High Commissioner to Ottawa in 1946 marked the first occasion when a career officer, assigned to a major Commonwealth post, showed that he could hold his own against any appointments from outside the services. Clutterbuck with his wife created an atmosphere of family feeling amongst the staff which radiated far beyond the confines of Earnscliffe and they ended as one of the most popular couples in a long line of successful British High Commissioners in Canada. ...
Above all Alec Clutterbuck was a Christian and a gentleman. Such phrases may sound out of fashion today, but there will be many past and present members of the service who will remember him with gratitude and affection and will recall the guiding lights of his life – loyalty, devotion to duty, integrity and, supremely, the Christian virtues of humility and charity.
# William Bennett (headmaster)

William Bennett (1858 – 22 November 1934) was a teacher and teachers' representative in South Australia.

## History

Bennett was born at Castlemaine, Colony of Victoria. He moved to the Colony of South Australia in 1876 to take up a position of assistant teacher with that State's Education Department. Six years later he was appointed headmaster of the Moonta Mines School. In 1882 he enrolled at the Adelaide Teachers' Training College, and on completion was appointed first assistant at North Adelaide. He was then successively served as head teacher at Truro, Salisbury, Burra, Port Pirie, Thebarton, and Port Adelaide. In 1915 he was appointed headmaster of the Hindmarsh School, then in 1921 transferred to the newly-opened Norwood Central School and remained in charge there until 1928, when he retired.
Bennett was noted for his involvement with the State School Teachers' Union. He served three years as its treasurer, two years vice-president, and was twice president. He was for twelve years the teachers' representative on the Public Teachers' Classification Board, and also served on the board of the Public Teachers' Superannuation Fund. He was president of the South Australian Public Officers' Association.

## Other interests

After his retirement Bennett was active in the South Australian branch of the League of the Empire. He was also interested in the teacher exchange scheme which operated between South Australia and England. He kept in touch with its participants, both those in England and in Australia.

## Family

On 27 April 1886, while working at Truro, Bennett married fellow-teacher Annie Caroline Bennets (1861–1932). They had three sons, Francis Harold Bennett, born 1887 in Burra; and Alan William and Charles Gordon Bennett in Salisbury in 1889.
# House of Representatives (Jordan)

The House of Representatives of Jordan is the elected lower house of the Jordanian parliament which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of Jordan.
The House of Representatives has 138 elected members, serving for four-year terms.
Members are elected by a mixed electoral system, allowing two votes for each person, one vote for individuals running in 18 local districts, and another for political parties for the national district. Out of the 138 seats of the House, 97 are for representatives from local district, and 41 for representatives from the national district, with 12 quotas for the Christian, Circassian, and Chechen minorities, as well as 18 seats for women's quota.
The presiding officer is the speaker.

## History

Traditionally, the Jordanian House of Representatives ran under a nonpartisan system, with an overwhelming majority of representatives being nonpartisan. However, since the 2024 Jordanian general election, the parliament has developed a party system for the first time.
# Buscarini and Others v San Marino

Buscarini and Others v. San Marino (application No. 24645/94) was a case decided by the European Court of Human Rights in 1999.

## Facts

The applicants, Cristoforo Buscarini and Emilio Della Balda, were elected to the Grand and General Council (the parliament of the Republic of San Marino) in 1993. They requested permission from the Captains Regent to take the oath required by the Elections Act without reference to any religious text. The Act referred to a decree of 27 June 1909, which laid down the wording of the oath to be taken by members of the parliament as follows: "I, ..., swear on the Holy Gospels ...". The applicants originally took the oath in writing, omitting the reference to Gospels. Their oath was considered invalid, and the applicants took the oath on the Gospels, maintaining their protest.

## Proceedings and judgment

In 1997, the European Court of Human Rights concluded unanimously that there had been a violation of Article 9. The Sammarinese government maintained that the reaffirmation of traditional values represented by the taking of the oath was necessary in order to maintain public order.
The Court concluded that "requiring the applicants to take the oath on the Gospels was tantamount to requiring two elected representatives of the people to swear allegiance to a particular religion, a requirement which is not compatible with Article 9 of the Convention. As the ECHR rightly stated in its report, it would be contradictory to make the exercise of a mandate intended to represent different views of society within Parliament subject to a prior declaration of commitment to a particular set of beliefs" (Para. 39). The Court unanimously held that there was a violation of Article 9 of the ECHR (freedom of conscience).
# Anna Maksymenko

Anna Oleksandrivna Maksymenko (Ukrainian: Анна Олександрівна Максименко; born 11 July 2007) is a Ukrainian épée fencer.

## Career

In 2018, Maksymenko debuted at the international junior tournament "Challenge Wratislavia" in Wrocław, winning a bronze medal in individual epée.
In 2021, she won a silver medal at the Budapest Cup in the team épée competition. Maksymenko also received gold in the individual epée competition at the tournament Belgrade Open.
The following year, she competed at the 2022 European Cadets Championships, held in Novi Sad, finishing 6th in the team épée competition.
At the 2022 Junior and Cadet Fencing World Championships in Dubai Maksymenko won a silver medal in the individual epée competition, losing Aleyna Ertürk from Turkey in final tournament.
In 2023, Maksymenko debuted competing at the Junior Fencing World Cup stage in Laupheim, winning a gold medal in the individual epée competition. She also competed at the 2023 European Cadets Championships in Tallinn, where she won two bronze medals in the individual and team épée competitions.
At the 2023 Junior and Cadet Fencing World Championships in Plovdiv Maksymenko won a bronze medal in junior individual epée competition, losing Alicja Klasik from Poland in semifinals.
The following year, Maksymenko became four-time European champion among juniors and cadets at the European Cadets Championships in Napoli in the individual and team épée competitions.
Maksymenko also became World champion in the cadets individual epée competition at the 2024 Junior and Cadet Fencing World Championships in Riyadh, defeating Sharika Gajjala from the United States in final tournament.
# Kuwait Federation Cup

The Kuwaiti Federation Cup (Arabic: كأس الاتحاد الكويتي) is a competition organised by the Kuwait Football Association, the Kuwaiti version of a League cup and has been played in its current format every year since 2008.
The first edition of the Federation Cup however was played in the 1969–70 season, although not much is known about the competition in the early years. The competition is for senior teams playing in the top tier Kuwaiti Premier League, although the 2015–16 edition saw Burgan enter to gain much needed practice before they enter the top flight.
The cup competition is predominantly played during international breaks (group stage) and after league match days. the Tournament was abolished at the end of 2015–16 season later returned in 2017–18.

## Previous winners

* 1969–70 : Al-Arabi SC
* 1970–73 : Cancelled
* 1973–74 : Al-Fahaheel
* 1974–75 : Khaitan SC
* 1975–77 : Cancelled
* 1977–78 : Kuwait SC
* 1978–79 : Al-Arabi SC
* 1979–90 : Cancelled
* 1991–92 : Kuwait SC
* 1995–96 : Al-Arabi SC
* 1996–97 : Al-Arabi SC
* 1997–98 : Cancelled
* 1998–99 : Al-Arabi SC
* 1999–2000 : Al-Arabi SC
* 2000–01 : Al-Arabi SC
* 2001–02 : Cancelled
* 2002–03 : Al-Yarmouk SC
* 2003–07 : Cancelled

### Return of tournament

| Year | Winners | Score | Runners-up | Venue |
| 2007–08 | Al Qadsia | 1–1 (4–3 penalties) | Al Kuwait | |
| 2008–09 | Al Qadsia | 1–0 | Kazma | |
| 2009–10 | Al Kuwait | 0–0 (7–6 penalties) | Al Arabi | Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium |
| 2010–11 | Al Qadsia | 2–0 | Al Naser | Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium |
| 2011–12 | Al Kuwait | 4–3 | Kazma | Sabah Al-Salem Stadium |
| 2012–13 | Al Qadsia | Group Format | | |
| 2013–14 | Al-Arabi | 2–2 (4–2 penalties) | Al-Salmiya | Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium |
| 2014–15 | Al Kuwait | 1–0 | Khaitan | Ali Sabah Al-Salem Stadium |
| 2015–16 | Kazma | 2–1 | Al Kuwait | Al-Sadaqua Walsalam Stadium |
| 2016–17 | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| 2017–18 | Kazma SC | 3–3 (4–2 on penalties) | Al-Shabab SC | Mishref Stadium |
| 2018–19 | Qadsia SC | 1–1 (6–5 on penalties) | Al-Shabab SC | Mishref Stadium |
| 2019–20 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 | Cancelled due to COVID-19 |
| 2021–22 | Al-Nasr SC | 1–1 (5–4 on penalties) | Al-Arabi SC | Mishref Stadium |
| 2022–23 | Qadsia SC | 2-2 (4-3 on penalties) | Al-Salmiya | Al-Sadaqua Walsalam Stadium |

### Performance By Club

| Club | Winners | Year(s) Won |
| Al-Arabi SC | 8 | 1969–70, 1978–79, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14 |
| Qadsia SC | 6 | 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2018–19, 2022–23 |
| Kuwait SC | 5 | 1977–78, 1991–92, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2014–15 |
| Kazma SC | 2 | 2015–16, 2017–18 |
| Al Yarmouk SC | 1 | 2002–03 |
| Al Fahaheel | 1 | 1973–74 |
| Khaitan SC | 1 | 1974–75 |
| Al-Nasr SC | 1 | 2021–22 |
# Federicus

Federicus (/ˌfɛdəˈrɪkʊs/; Italian:) is a festival event that takes place every year in the historic city centre of Altamura, Italy. Its name is derived from the Latin name of king Frederick II, who founded the city of Altamura and by which the event is inspired. Among other things, parades re-enact the visit of Frederick II (with his entourage) to the city of Altamura. The event usually takes place in the second half of April, and it normally lasts three days.

## History

The event started in 2012 with Italian association Fortis Murgia, and since then it's been repeated every year, attracting several tourists mostly from other Italian regions and, to some degree, also from abroad. Altamura's schools are also closed during the event, mostly in order to let the students help organize it.
Past dates of Federicus :
| Year | Date | Theme |
| 2012 | --- |
| 2013 | 19 April - 5 May |
| 2014 | 25–27 April | Fede, laicità e superstizione (faith, secularism and superstition) |
| 2015 | 1–3 May |
| 2016 | 23–25 April | Superstizione (superstition) |
| 2017 | 28 April - 1 May | Le donne e 'cavalier (title taken from the Divine Comedy) |
| 2018 | 28 April - 1 May | Li affanni (title taken from the Divine Comedy) |
| 2019 | 25 April - 28 April | Li agi (title taken from the Divine Comedy) |
| 2020 | 1 May - 3 May (cancelled due to COVID-19) | Che fu d'onor sì degno (title taken from the Divine Comedy) |
| 2021 | 30 April – 2 May (cancelled) | Che fu d'onor sì degno (title taken from the Divine Comedy) |
| 2022 | 30 September – 2 October | Che fu d'onor sì degno (title taken from the Divine Comedy) |

## Gallery

* Federicus 2017 - Parade across Altamura Cathedral
* Federicus 2017 - Parade across Altamura Cathedral
* Federicus 2017 - Parade across Altamura Cathedral
* Federicus 2017 - Barbitonsore (the barbershop)
* Federicus 2017 - The synagogue rebuilt in the medieval Jewish quarter
* Federicus 2017 - The hall of unicorns
* Federicus 2017 - Behind Altamura Cathedral
* Federicus 2017 - Parade near Porta Montium (today named Porta Matera)
# Wen Yimei

Wen Yimei (Chinese: 闻一梅 born November 21, 1982 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang) is a female Chinese sports sailor who will compete for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## Major performances

* 2006 Asian Championships – 1st 470 class;
* 2006 National Championships Qingdao – 1st 470 class/470 class long distance race;
* 2006 National Championships Grand Finals – 1st 470 class;
* 2006 Asian Games – 3rd 470 class
# Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel

Tosheff's Restaurant and Hotel is a historic building in the Reeb-Hosack neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. It was built in 1920 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. The restaurant and hotel are one of few remainders of the historic Steelton industrial area, and closely connected to the eastern European neighborhood there. The industrial district was centered on Parsons Avenue, and relied upon the Buckeye Steel Castings Company, American Rolling Mill Company, the Chase Foundry and Manufacturing Company, the Federal Glass Company, and the Seagraves firetruck manufacturing plant.
Tosheff's was one of the first commercial buildings, at a time when the area was still primarily residential. George Tosheff has opened a restaurant there in leased space by 1918 and lived directly above it. By 1923, the new building housed a jeweler, barber, men's clothing store, and a billiards hall. Tosheff's restaurant was located on the first floor, and his hotel on the second (the South End Hotel, later Tosheff's Hotel). Tosheff sold the restaurant near the start of World War II, and operated the hotel until he sold the entire building in 1965.
The two-story brick building appears as two side-by-side, but was built and completed at the same time, and joints connect them. Behind the middle third of the building lies a one-story addition which held hotel rooms, part of which was constructed c. 1920 and part c. 1947.