OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbol

In Kaluza–Klein theory, a unification of general relativity and electromagnetism, the five-fimensional Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbol is the generalization of the four-dimensional Christoffel symbol. They directly appear in the geodesic equations of Kaluza–Klein theory and indirectly through the Kaluza–Klein–Riemann curvature tensor also appear in the Kaluza–Klein–Einstein field equations.
The Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbols are named after Theodor Kaluza, Oskar Klein and Elwin Bruno Christoffel.

## Definition

Let ${\widetilde {g}}_{ab}$ be the Kaluza–Klein metric. The Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbols are given by:
    ${\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ab}^{c}:={\frac {1}{2}}{\widetilde {g}}^{cd}(\partial _{a}{\widetilde {g}}_{bd}+\partial _{b}{\widetilde {g}}_{ad}-\partial _{d}{\widetilde {g}}_{ab}).$

## Properties

* For non-compactified spacetime indices, the Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbols don't reduce to the ordinary Christoffel symbols. Instead one has:
    ${\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{\mu \nu }^{\sigma }=\Gamma _{\mu \nu }^{\sigma }-{\frac {1}{2}}A^{\sigma }\left(\partial _{\mu }\left(\phi ^{2}A_{\nu }\right)+\partial _{\nu }\left(\phi ^{2}A_{\mu }\right)\right).$
* For compactified spacetime indices, the Kaluza–Klein–Christoffel symbols simplify with the cylinder condition:
    ${\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{44}^{\mu }=-{\frac {1}{2}}{\widetilde {g}}^{\mu d}\partial _{d}{\widetilde {g}}_{44}=-{\frac {1}{2}}{\widetilde {g}}^{\mu \nu }\partial _{\nu }{\widetilde {g}}_{44}=-\phi g^{\mu \nu }\partial _{\nu }\phi ,$
    ${\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{44}^{4}=-{\frac {1}{2}}{\widetilde {g}}^{4d}\partial _{d}{\widetilde {g}}_{44}=-{\frac {1}{2}}{\widetilde {g}}^{4\nu }\partial _{\nu }{\widetilde {g}}_{44}=\phi A^{\nu }\partial _{\nu }\phi .$
* Analogous to the ordinary Christoffel symbol, but additionally using the relation ${\widetilde {g}}=\phi ^{2}g$, one has:
    ${\widetilde {\Gamma }}_{ab}^{a}=\partial _{b}\ln {\sqrt {-{\widetilde {g}}}}=\partial _{b}\ln \left(\phi {\sqrt {-g}}\right).$

## Literature

* Overduin, J. M.; Wesson, P. S. (1997). "Kaluza–Klein Gravity". Physics Reports. 283 (5): 303–378. arXiv:gr-qc/9805018. Bibcode:1997PhR...283..303O. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(96)00046-4. S2CID 119087814.
* Pope, Chris. "Kaluza–Klein Theory" (PDF).
# Clarence Lung

Clarence Lung (1914–1993) was a film and television actor. He appeared in films such as Dragon Seed, Song of the Sarong, Experiment in Terror, Prisoner Of War, Operation Petticoat, China and The Hundred Days of the Dragon. Among the television programs he appeared in were Secret Agent X-9 and China Smith.

## Biography

Lung was born in Idaho to George Lung and Lillian Pfeiffer. His parents divorced when he was young, and he grew up in Colorado with his mother and sister.
Lung's television credits include Guys Like O'Malley, a story about an observation post during the Korean war, in which he appeared along with James Best and Neville Brand. In film, one of his early roles was a small part in The Good Earth. Later he played Attorney Yung in Experiment in Terror, a film that starred Glenn Ford and Lee Remick. He had a supporting role in Dragon Seed that starred Katharine Hepburn. In that film, he had the distinction of being the only American actor of Chinese descent to play an adult member of the Tan family and have screen credit. He appeared alongside John Lupton and James Hong in the 1959 film Blood and Steel.
Later on, he ran one of actor Benson Fong's Ah Fong restaurants in Los Angeles County.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1937 | The Good Earth | | Uncredited |
| 1943 | China | Guerrilla | Uncredited |
| 1943 | Gung Ho! | Japanese Officer | Uncredited |
| 1944 | The Fighting Seabees | Japanese Officer | Uncredited |
| 1944 | The Purple Heart | Japanese Lieutenant | Uncredited |
| 1944 | Dragon Seed | Fourth Cousin | |
| 1944 | The Keys of the Kingdom | Orderly | Uncredited |
| 1945 | God Is My Co-Pilot | Chinese Civilian | Uncredited |
| 1945 | Song of the Sarong | Leader | Uncredited |
| 1945 | Secret Agent X-9 | Takahari | Serial |
| 1945 | First Yank Into Tokyo | Major Ichibo | |
| 1945 | Prison Ship | Japanese Radio Officer | Uncredited |
| 1946 | Lost City of the Jungle | Chief Tonga | Serial, [Chs. 11-12] |
| 1953 | Forbidden | Waiter | Uncredited |
| 1954 | World for Ransom | Johnny Chan | |
| 1954 | Prisoner Of War | MVD Officer | |
| 1956 | The Rawhide Years | Chinese Steward | Uncredited |
| 1959 | Operation Petticoat | Sgt. Ramon Gillardo | |
| 1959 | Never So Few | Scout | Uncredited |
| 1959 | Blood and Steel | Japanese Soldier | |
| 1960 | Walk Like a Dragon | Eurasian | Uncredited |
| 1961 | Bachelor in Paradise | Bartender | Uncredited |
| 1961 | Blue Hawaii | Lonnie, Bartender | Uncredited |
| 1962 | Experiment in Terror | Attorney Yung | Uncredited |
| 1970 | Which Way to the Front? | Japanese Naval Officer | Uncredited |

## Links

* Clarence Lung at IMDb
* Clarence Lung at Aveleyman
# Eikwe

Eikwe is a small town in the Ellembelle District of the Western Region of Ghana.
Eikwe is popularly known amongst the Nzema folks of Ghana for the prominent hospital facility that serve the populace of all the 3 districts in Nzemaland.
The hospital which is one of the biggest in the 3 districts is a CHAG hospital called St. Martin's de porress hospital.
There are other smaller towns near Eikwe, such as Baku (also known as Beku) where the luxury resort Venice View Beach Resort is located. These small towns are known for fishing activities and they are gradually becoming vacation destinations because of their calm and beautiful beaches interspersed with very tall coconut trees.
Eikwe is also known to be one of the fishing communities in Nzemaland with fishing being the primary work of the indigenes.
It is located after Sanzule-Krisan and is a branch road off the Esiama-Elubo road. On that stretch, the branch to Eikwe, is at Alabokazo.
# Chorachiwadi

Chorachiwadi is a panchayat village in Maharashtra, India. Administratively, Chorachiwadi is in the Shrigonda taluka of Ahmadnagar District in Maharashtra.
Chorachiwadi has a group Grampanchayat comprising the Chorachiwadi, Bhingan Dumala, and Bhingan Khalsa. Among these, Chorachiwadi has a larger land area and population. It is located between the historic Bahadur Gadh (named after Chhatrapati Sambhaji) fort of Pedgaon and the Shrigonda town. Bhingan Dumala and Bhingan Khalsa are situated on the banks of Saraswati, a tributary of Bhima River that flows five kilometers more to confluence with the Bhima River in Pedgaon.

## Agriculture

Most of the villagers are farmers who harvest various crops such as sugarcane, sorghum (Jowar), wheat, cotton, grapes, lemons, pomegranates, bananas, different nuts such as tree nuts and peanuts, onions, watermelons, and cucumbers.
Due to lack of rain, almost all irrigation depends on water canal systems, locally named Kukadi and Ghod. The Ghod water canal passes through the village, even though most of the land is irrigated by Kukadi canal water.

## Education

Chorachiwadi and its subpart Bhingan each have Anganwadi/Balwadi (kindergartens), a program of Ekatmik Balvikas Kendra Shrigonda tehsil. In addition, in chorachiwadi, there are two more mini-anganwadis for the children's staying on the outskirts of the village like Salunke Wasti, Landge Wasti, etc. The Zilla Parishad runs school up to seventh grade in chorachiwadi and up to fourth grade in Bhingan. A private high school named Pralhad Maharaj High School (2006) for grades eighth to tenth.
Students can also enroll in other high schools of Shrigonda, where they can opt for a convent or semi-English medium school and pursue vocational courses along with their regular courses. Several students from Chorachiwadi are pursuing their engineering degrees from reputed government and non-government engineering colleges all over Maharashtra.

## Politics

As of 2014, the total number of voters was around 1200.

## Sports

The youth of Chorachiwadi plays different sports. Kho kho and Kabaddi have been played since primary school, and students participate in interschool Kho kho and Kabaddi competitions to represent Chorachiwadi. On the day of Sankranti, the youth organizes informal Kabaddi matches in the village.
The Chorachiwadi Cricket team participates in various cricket tournaments all over the district. The youth also started a Chorachiwadi Premier League (CPL) cricket league and organized a cricket tournament in October 2016.
Volleyball gained popularity, and players formed a Yodhha group. The said group participates in other social activities as well.
Female participation in local sports remains low, as it does in most parts of rural India.
# Esterom

Esterom is an investigational drug that was studied for use as a topical analgesic. Chemically, it is a mixture of compounds derived from the esterification of cocaine in propylene glycol. While the major component is benzoylecgonine, the analgesic activity is likely to due to hydroxypropyl benzoylecgonine, the only component that penetrates the skin. Clinical trials of Esterom failed so show a statistically significant benefit for patients in 2002 and was never approved.
# List of tanks and armoured vehicles of the Imperial Japanese Navy

This is a list of tanks and armoured vehicles of the Imperial Japanese Navy (World War II).

## Tankettes, light and medium tanks

* Type Ka Kijusha (a/k/a Type Ka machine gun car) (Carden Loyd tankette)
* Type 92 heavy armoured car (tankette)
* Type 94 tankette
* Type 97 Te-Ke tankette
* Type 95 Ha-Go light tank
* Type 89 I-Go medium tank (Chi-Ro)
* Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank
* Type 97 ShinHōtō Chi-Ha medium tank (Kai; improved)

## Amphibious tanks

* Type 1 Mi-Sha (a/k/a Type 1 Ka-Mi) amphibious tank (prototype)
* Type 2 Ka-Mi amphibious tank
* Type 3 Ka-Chi amphibious medium tank
* Type 5 To-Ku amphibious heavy tank (prototype)

## Amphibious APC

* Type 4 Ka-Tsu amphibious APC vehicle

## Self-Propelled vehicles

* Short barrel 120 mm gun tank
* Long barrel 12 cm self-propelled gun (experimental)

## Armoured cars

* Vickers Crossley armoured car
* Type 2592 Chiyoda armored car
* Sumida Model P armored car (variant of the Type 91 Sumida M.2593)
* Type 93 armoured car (a/k/a Type 2593 Hokoku, Type 93 Kokusanor or "Type 92" naval armored car)

## Cars and trucks

* Type 95 recon car mini-truck
* Amphibious truck Su-Ki
# Belle (2021 soundtrack)

Belle Original Soundtrack (「竜とそばかすの姫」オリジナル・サウンドトラック, 「Ryū to Sobakasu no Hime」Orijinaru・Saundotorakku) is the soundtrack for the 2021 Japanese animation film Belle. It was composed by Taisei Iwasaki, Ludvig Forssell, and Yuta Bandoh, and released on August 18, 2021, by Ariola Japan.
An English edition of the album was released on January 14, 2022, by Milan Records.

## Awards

| Year | Ceremony | Award | Result |
| 2023 | 18th AnimaniA Awards | Best Anime Score | Won |

## Sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan | — | 15,658 |
# Swindale Meadows

Swindale Meadows is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. This protected area is located in Shap Rural parish, alongside the Swindale Beck.

## Description

The protected area is made up of a series of hay meadows. The meadows have a high diversity of plants including great burnet, pignut, lady's-mantle, alpine lady's-mantle, mountain pansy, melancholy thistle and globeflower. In acidic marshy grassland, plant species include heath spotted-orchid and northern marsh-orchid. Common sundew and butterwort have also been recorded.
A footpath follows the southern boundary of this protected area.
Land within Swindale Meadows SSSI is owned by United Utilities. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds has been involved in the management of Swindale Meadows SSSI.
# Chorsu (Tashkent Metro)

Chorsu is a station of the Tashkent Metro on Oʻzbekiston Line. The station was opened on 6 November 1989 as part of the extension of the line between Alisher Navoiy and Chorsu Bazaar. On 30 April 1991 the line was extended to Beruniy.
# Gabi Butler

Gabriella "Gabi" Butler (born January 16, 1998) is an American cheerleader, YouTuber, television personality, and professional wrestler who is currently signed to WWE. She received national recognition after appearing in the Netflix docuseries Cheer and had been on many teams before her appearance in the Netflix show, such as the California All Stars Smoed, Top Gun TGLC, Cheer Athletics Wildcats, and Gymtyme Blink. She is most recently a member of the Weber State University and the Navarro College cheer teams.
Gabi Butler has been doing competitive cheerleading since she was eight years old and is known for her flexibility and her great talent in flying. She appeared regularly on AwesomenessTV's YouTube series Cheerleaders for a couple of seasons when she was on the California All Stars team Smoed (a portmanteau of "small" and "coed") between 2012 and 2014 and occasionally appeared on a few episodes of later seasons. She has won the cheerleading world championships twice, in both 2013 and 2014 with Smoed. In January 2020, she appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, along with other members of the Navarro College cheer team with whom she went to Daytona. She also has a YouTube channel, which gives viewers a behind the scenes look into her cheer life. As of 2021, she attends Weber State University in Ogden, Utah.

## Professional wrestling career
### WWE (2022–present)

In November 2022 it was reported that Butler had signed a contract with WWE and would begin training at the WWE Performance Center.
# Clérigos Church

The Clérigos Church (Portuguese: Igreja dos Clérigos, pronounced; "Church of the Clergymen") is a Baroque church in the city of Porto, in Portugal. Its 75-meter-tall bell tower, the Torre dos Clérigos, can be seen from various points of the city and is one of its most characteristic symbols.

## History

The church was built for the Brotherhood of the Clérigos (Clergy) by Nicolau Nasoni, an Italian architect and painter who left an extensive body of work in the north of Portugal during the 18th century.
Construction of the church began in 1732 and was finished in 1750, while the bell tower and the monumental divided stairway in front of the church were completed in 1763. The main façade of the church is heavily decorated with baroque motifs (such as garlands and shells) and an indented broken pediment. This was based on an early 17th-century Roman scheme. The central frieze above the windows present symbols of worship and an incense boat. The lateral façades reveal the almost elliptic floorplan of the church nave.

## Overview

The Clérigos Church was one of the first baroque churches in Portugal to adopt a typical baroque elliptic floorplan. The altarpiece of the main chapel, made of polychromed marble, was executed by Manuel dos Santos Porto.
The monumental tower of the church, located at the back of the building, was only built between 1754 and 1763. The baroque decoration here also shows influence from the Roman Baroque, while the whole design was inspired by Tuscan campaniles. The tower is 75.6 metres high, dominating the city. There are 240 steps to be climbed to reach the top of its six floors. This great structure has become the symbol of the city.
In Porto, Nicolau Nasoni was also responsible for the construction of the Misericórida Church, the Archbishop's Palace and the lateral loggia of Porto Cathedral. He entered the Clérigos Brotherhood and was buried, at his request, in the crypt of the Clérigos Church, with the exact place remaining unknown.
In June 2015, the Clérigos Brotherhood announced that after 250 years, the Clérigos Tower and Church will open its doors during nighttime hours.
# Rael Nguriatukei Kinyara

Nguriatukei Rael Kinyara (born 4 April 1984) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in the marathon. She has won races in Madrid, Graz, Padua and Luxembourg.
In her first marathon outing in Europe, she came third at the 2007 Dublin Marathon with a time of 2:33:27 hours. She won her next race over the distance, the 2008 Madrid Marathon, and defeated Derartu Tulu in the process. She was runner-up at the Reims Marathon later that year behind Agnes Kiprop. She only competed once in 2009, but won the Graz Marathon in a personal best and course record time of 2:33:04 hours.
Kinyara broke another course record at the 2010 Maratona di Sant'Antonio in Padua, improved her best further with a finish of 2:30:19 hours. A third consecutive win and course best followed at the Europe Marathon in June 2010, where she set the women's race record at 2:34:28 hours. She made a step up at her first top level marathon race in October 2011, as she knocked nearly five minutes of her former best with her fourth-place performance of 2:25:23 hours at the Eindhoven Marathon.
At the 2012 Hamburg Marathon, Kinyara appeared to have taken the biggest victory of her career, winning in a course record and personal best time of 2:23:47 hours. However, she tested positive in the post-race drug test for norandrosterone - a metabolite of the anabolic steroid nandrolone - and was banned for doping for two years. Her period of ineligibility from athletics competition expired on 18 July 2014.
# Tso Kar

The Tso Kar or Tsho kar is a fluctuating salt lake known for its size and depth situated in the Rupshu Plateau and valley in Leh district in the southern part in Union Territory of Ladakh in India.It is located 102 km from Leh City, the capital of Ladakh. It is also recognised as India's 42nd Ramsar site.

## Geography and climate

The Tso Kar is connected by an inlet stream at its south-west end to a small lake, Startsapuk Tso, and together they form the 9 km$^2$ More plains pool, which is dominated by the peaks of two mountains, Thugje (6050 m) and Gursan (6370 m). From the geology of the More Plains, it can be concluded that the Tso Kar in historical times ranged up to this high valley. Until a few years ago the lake was an important source of salt, which the Changpa nomads used to export to Tibet. The nomadic settlement of Thugje is located 3 km in the north. There is a tented camp on the west bank of the lake which provides accommodation for tourists.
Due to the high altitude, the climate is extreme in the winter; temperatures below -40 °C (-40 °F) are not uncommon. In the summer the temperature rises above 30 °C (86 °F), with extreme fluctuations during the day. Precipitation in the form of either rain or snow is extremely rare.

## Flora and fauna

The inlets of the Tso Kar are a source of non-saline water; pondweeds and basic nettles grow there, forming floating islands of vegetation in the spring and dying off in the winter. Sedge and large numbers of buttercups grow on the shores of Startsapuk Tso and of the tributaries of the Tso Kar, while some parts of the high basin are marked by steppe vegetation interspersed with tragacanth and pea bushes. The shore of Tso Kar is partly covered with a salt crust, which keeps vegetation away from the inflows.
Due to the salinity of the Tso Kar, most of the resident fauna is found in its tributaries and in Startsapuk Tso. There are large breeding colonies of grebes and brown-headed gulls, and some bar-headed geese, ruddy shelducks and terns. In the vicinity of the lake black-necked cranes and Tibetan grouse are relatively common. The basin of the Tso Kar and the adjoining More Plains constitute one of the most important habitats of the kiang, Tibetan gazelles, Tibetan wolves and foxes; there are himalayan marmots in the higher reaches. Yaks and horses are kept by nomads.
Currently the lake basin has no special protection, but there are plans to include it within a national park which may be established in the highlands of south-eastern Ladakh.

## Access

The Tso Kar lies 160 km south of Leh; the Leh Manali road passes 30 km west of it. The lake is 540 km east of Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir union territory.
Accessed from two different routes: Through Leh-Manali route or Pangong Lake route. You can get neighborhood taxis from Leh to reach Tso Kar Lake through the Changtang locale covering absolute distance of 250 kilometers from Leh.
# Sven Coster

Sven Erik Coster (born 2 December 1978, in Leiden) is a sailor from the Netherlands. Coster represented his country for the first time at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. With his brother Kalle Coster as crew Coster took 6th place as helmsman in the Dutch Men's 470. Coster's second Olympic appearance was during the 2008 Olympics in Qingdao again as helmsman in the 470 and his brother as crew, Coster took the 4th place. Also with Kalle as crew in the 470 Coster helmed the Dutch 470 at the 2012 Olympics in Weymouth. The brothers finished on the 12th place.
Sven Coster also represented The Netherlands during the 2008 Vintage Yachting Games in Medemblik as crew in the Soling with helmsman Steven Bakker and fellow crewmembers Dick Coster and Joost Houweling. The team took silver.
Sven Coster is the son of Dick Coster.

## Professional life

Coster is International Sales Manager at Hall Spars.
# Spatial navigation

In computing, spatial navigation is the ability to navigate between focusable elements, such as hyperlinks and form controls, within a structured document or user interface according to the spatial location.
This method is widely used in application software like computer games.
In the past Web browsers have used tabbing navigation to change the focus within an interface, by pressing the tab key of a computer keyboard to focus on the next element (or ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ to focus on the previous one). The order is based on that in the source document. For HTML without any style, this method usually works as the spatial location of the element is in the same order of the source document. However, with the introduction of style via presentational attributes or style sheets such as CSS, this type of navigation is being used less often. Spatial navigation uses the arrow keys (with one or more modifier key held) to navigate on the "2D plane" of the interface. For example, pressing the "up" arrow key will focus on the closest focusable element on the top (relative to the current element). In many cases, this could save many key presses.
This accessibility feature is available in a number of applications, e.g. Vivaldi web browser. For Vivaldi users, this allows a faster way to "jump" to different areas in long web pages or articles without manually scrolling and scanning with their eyes. Some examples, as noted above, include the Tab ↹ key to jump to the next input field, but also the ⇧ Shift key with arrow keys (↑, ↓, →, ←) to jump to various links and text headers.
Doug Turner (Mozilla), the Minimo lead developer, has created a couple of special Mozilla Firefox builds with this feature. Eventually, this may build as a default part of Firefox.
Nightly builds of WebKit (the layout engine used by Apple Safari and Google Chrome, among others) now have support for spatial navigation.
In games such navigation is represented by (for example) camera-relative movement.