OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Sandbox (2012 video game)

The Sandbox is a 2D sandbox game for mobile phones (iOS and Android) and Microsoft Windows, developed by the game studio Pixowl and released on May 15, 2012. It was released for PC on Steam on June 19, 2015.
A sequel, The Sandbox Evolution, was later released on the same platforms.
The brand was acquired by Animoca Brands in 2018, and its name was used for a blockchain-based 3D open world game of the same name that launched on November 29, 2021.

## Gameplay

The player takes the role of "Deity apprentice" and sets about crafting their own universe through the exploration of resources such as water, soil, lightning, lava, sand and glass. The user is given a single 2D screen as their canvas, and applies these resources as pixels. Once added to the screen, these resources interact in various ways, such as water mixing with sand to create mud, and lava burning other objects.
The game also includes more complex elements such as humans, wildlife, and mechanical contraptions. The player is given challenges like making a battery or building an electrical circuit. Players can save worlds they have created and also upload them to a public gallery.
The game is free to play, with microtransactions required to unlock additional building elements.

## Reception

The 2015 edition of the game has a Metacritic score of 85% based on 7 critic reviews.
# Tom Krauß

Tom Krauß (born 22 June 2001) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club VfL Bochum on loan from Mainz 05.

## Club career

In June 2019, Krauß signed his first professional contract with RB Leipzig until June 30, 2021, which was extended a year later to June 2025. On 27 June 2020, he made his Bundesliga debut for RB Leipzig under coach Julian Nagelsmann, coming on as a substitute in the 87th minute, in a 2–1 away win against Augsburg on the last matchday of the 2019–20 season, to become the first native of Leipzig to make his professional debut with the club. He later joined 1. FC Nürnberg on a two-year loan basis, to follow newly appointed coach Robert Klauß who had managed RB Leipzig youth teams.
On 10 June 2022, Schalke 04 announced the signing of Krauß on loan from RB Leipzig with an obligation to buy for €3 million if Schalke avoid relegation in the 2022–23 season. On 2 October, he scored his first Bundesliga goal for Schalke 04 in a 3–2 home defeat against Augsburg.
On 14 July 2023, he joined Mainz 05 on a long-term contract.
On 22 August 2024, Krauß joined EFL Championship club Luton Town on a season-long loan deal. On 29 January 2025, he was recalled from the Luton Town loan and was loaned to VfL Bochum in Bundesliga for the remainder of the 2024–25 season.

## International career

Krauß has been playing for DFB junior teams since 2015. He was the captain of the Germany U19 and was most recently nominated for the Germany U21 team.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 8 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| RB Leipzig | 2019–20 | Bundesliga | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| 1. FC Nürnberg (loan) | 2020–21 | 2. Bundesliga | 31 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 32 | 2 |
| 1. FC Nürnberg (loan) | 2021–22 | 2. Bundesliga | 32 | 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 34 | 3 |
| 1. FC Nürnberg (loan) | Total | Total | 63 | 5 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 66 | 5 |
| Schalke 04 (loan) | 2022–23 | Bundesliga | 32 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 2 |
| Mainz 05 | 2023–24 | Bundesliga | 29 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 31 | 1 |
| Luton Town (loan) | 2024–25 | EFL Championship | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| VfL Bochum (loan) | 2024–25 | Bundesliga | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 134 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 140 | 9 |
* ↑ Includes DFB-Pokal, FA Cup
* ↑ Includes EFL Cup

## Honours

Individual
* Bundesliga Rookie of the Month: September 2022, February 2023
# Greek Colony, Jerusalem

The Greek Colony (Hebrew: המושבה היוונית, HaMoshava HaYevanit) is a neighborhood in Jerusalem, bordering the German Colony and Katamon.

## History

The lands of the Greek Colony were purchased by wealthy members of the Greek Orthodox community in the early 20th century. Archimandrite Euthymios (Greek: Ευθύμιος) of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre encouraged them to establish a neighborhood outside the Old City's overcrowded Christian Quarter. Architect Spyro Houris (Greek: Σπύρος Χουρής) designed the first twenty homes and a community center before World War I. Most of the Greek Orthodox residents fled before the 1947–1949 Palestine war in 1948. After the war, apartment blocks were hastily built to accommodate large numbers of Jewish immigrants from Yemen and Morocco.
In the 21st century, the neighborhood underwent gentrification and is now one of the most expensive in Jerusalem.
The Greek Colony community center, consisting of five buildings, organizes regular cultural activities that include traditional Greek dancing and Greek language classes.
The Greek Consulate in Jerusalem is located in the Greek Colony, at the junction of Rachel Imeinu and Tel Chai.
A popular attraction in the neighborhood is the Greek Community Center, built in the year 1902 at Joshua Bin Nun Street. The community center, Beit Elisheva, at the corner of Hizkiyahu and Elazar Hamodai, was built in 1962. The birthing hospital, Misgav Ledach, which was originally established in 1854 in the Old City of Jerusalem, funded by the Rothschild family, was later moved to the Greek Colony, and has been there since then.

## Archaeology

In July 2007, archaeological excavations in the Greek Colony prior to the construction of a residential building carried out by the Israel Antiquities Authority found remains of a northeast-southwest oriented wall. Based on the findings, it was probably the retaining wall of a farming terrace. Some ceramic finds dating to the Roman and Byzantine periods were unearthed, as well as a large stone quarter dating to the Byzantine period.
# Angus McLeod (sport shooter)

Angus McLeod (born 5 March 1964) is a British sport shooter. He competed for Scotland in the Queen's prize pairs event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where he won a bronze medal.
# Paul B. Ferrara

Paul Benjamin Ferrara (November 2, 1942 – May 30, 2011) was a scientist and administrator who pioneered the use of DNA profiling in America.

## Early life and education

Ferrara graduated from Syracuse University and State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry with doctorate degree in organic chemistry.

## Career

In 1987 the private New York laboratory, Lifecodes, began assisting Dr. Ferrara in his efforts to establish a DNA laboratory for the state of Virginia.
In 1988 Timothy Spencer, the "Southside Strangler", became first serial killer in the United States to be convicted on the basis of DNA evidence. Spencer committed three rapes and murders in Richmond Virginia, and one in Arlington, Virginia in the fall of 1987.
Ferrara recognized the potential utility of the precedent that had been set in Spencer case, and immediately focused his political savvy on convincing the Virginia General Assembly to fund the creation of the first State DNA Database in the country.
In 1989 under his leadership, Virginia became the first state laboratory capable of performing DNA fingerprinting. The FBI had started its limited DNA laboratory operations just four months earlier.
In addition to his directorship of the Virginia Department of Forensic Science (VA-DFS), Dr. Ferrara was an honorary professor at Virginia Commonwealth University. Through his passion for teaching and research, as well as his commitment to developing a nationally recognized Forensic Science educational program at VCU, the program officially became a department in 2005.

## Later life and legacy

In the mid-2000s, Dr. Ferrara was diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer. Several years after the initial lung surgery, it was discovered that the cancer had spread.
Dr. Ferrara died on May 30, 2011, of brain cancer at the age of 68.
Upon approval of Governor McDonnell, the DFS Central Laboratory building was renamed the Paul B. Ferrara Building, in honor of the late department director who died in May 2011. A ceremony and reception was held at the Central Laboratory on November 18, 2011, to unveil the signage displaying the new building name.
# Khatiwada (surname)

Khatiwada (Nepali: खतिवडा) is a Nepali Khas Brahmin surname found in Nepal and Sikkim. Khatiwada is a toponymic family name from Khatyadi gaun (Khatyadi village) in Doti district. They belong to Atri Gotra. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ishwor Prasad Khatiwada, Judge of the Supreme Court of Nepal
* N.B. Khatiwada, Veteran Sikkimese politician and Indian Supreme Court Lawyer
* Yuba Raj Khatiwada, Veteran economist, Ambassador of Nepal to the US, former Finance Minister, former deputy head of Planning commission and former Governor of Nepal Rastra Bank
* Shrinkhala Khatiwada, Miss Nepal World 2018 and Top 11 Miss World 2018
# Jamie Acton

Jamie Acton (born 4 April 1992) is a retired English professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop. He played in League 1 for Oldham and the South Wales Scorpions (Under loan from the Wigan Warriors Academy), and in the Championship for the Leigh Centurions and Workington Town, before finishing his career with the Swinton Lions.

## Background

Acton was born in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, England.

## Club career

Acton first played rugby league at junior level with Hemel Stags as a 16-year-old having initially played rugby union. He was selected to represent BARLA England and GB Community Lions at under-18s level. Picked up by the Wigan Warriors, he moved north in 2010 and became a regular in Wigan's under-20s academy side during the 2011 season, playing in the victorious 2011 academy grand final team against the Warrington Wolves at Leigh Sports Village.
Acton made his senior début as a dual registered player with South Wales Scorpions in 2012 and later that season played for Oldham before signing for Workington Town at the end of the season. In 2013 he was a key member of the Workington Town side, making 23 appearances before joining Leigh Centurions in September 2013.
Acton made 22 appearances during the 2014 season including featuring in the winning team that beat Featherstone Rovers in the 2014 Kingstone Press Championship grand final at Headingley Carnegie Stadium.
He has remained an integral member of the Leigh Centurions squad which won the Kingstone Press Championship titles in 2015 and 2016, culminating in promotion to Super League by progressing through the Middle 8 Qualifiers at the end of the 2016 season. Acton made his Super League début playing for Leigh Centurions against Leeds Rhinos on 17 February 2017. In July 2017, Acton received a nine-game ban for bad conduct towards Catalans Dragons player Greg Bird during a Super League game. He was also fined £300 at the time.
At the start of the 2017 season, Acton was sent to Sheffield Eagles as part of a Dual registration deal with the Championship side. However, Acton only appeared in one game - a 32–14 win over Toulouse.
In 2019, he was forced to retire after suffering a spinal injury.
# Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education (Poland)

The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education (Polish: Ministerstwo Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego) was a Polish ministry that existed in the years 1918-1939. Following World War II, it was superseded by the Ministry of National Education.

## Ministers

    1917–1918. Antoni Ponikowski
    1918–1919. Ksawery Prauss.
    1919. Jan Łukasiewicz
    1919–1920. Tadeusz Łopuszański.
    1920–1921. Maciej Rataj.
    1921–1922. Antoni Ponikowski.
    1922. Julian Nowak.
    1922. Kazimierz Władysław Kumaniecki.
    1922–1923. Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski.
    1923. Stanisław Głąbiński.
    1923. Stanisław Grabski
    1923–1924. Bolesław Miklaszewski.
    1924–1925. Jan Zawidzki
    1925–1926. Stanisław Grabski.
    1926. Józef Mikułowski-Pomorski.
    1926. Antoni Sujkowski.
    1926–1927. Kazimierz Bartel.
    1927–1928. Gustaw Dobrucki.
    1928–1929. Kazimierz Świtalski.
    1929–1931. Sławomir Czerwiński.
    1931–1934. Janusz Jędrzejewicz.
    1934–1935. Wacław Jędrzejewicz.
    1935. Konstanty Chyliński
    1935–1939. Wojciech Alojzy Świętosławski.
# Marie Louville

Marie Louville, is a French journalist, an expert on Tibet, and a director of documentary films on Tibet.
In 1987, before the Dalai Lama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the Tibetan cause was not very well known, Louville directed a report on the situation in Tibet that was broadcast during the French TV news on the channel Antenne 2, and changed French public opinion. Subsequently, in 1991 she directed a documentary film on the Tibetan resistance movement: Tibet: Army of Shadows that was also broadcast on Antenne 2. In 1997, two years after the disappearance of the 6-year-old Gendhun Choekyi Nyima who was recognized by the Dalai Lama as the 11th Panchen Lama, she directed a film on the disappearance of the child, about whom there is still no news. In 1999, marking the 10th anniversary of the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to the Dalai Lama, she directed a documentary describing The Escape of the Dalai Lama. The film tells the story of his journey with comments from the Dalai Lama as well as survivors from that time. Louville was able to retrace the journey and secretly shoot the film in Tibet in the autumn of 1998.
In 2003, she again visited Tibet in secret and filmed the documentary: The Sidewalks of Lhassa which described in Lhasa the practice of prostitution in Tibet. In 2006, again secretly, Louville directed The Prisoner of Lhasa, a documentary film about the conditions of Tibetan political prisoners. The film describes the life of the Tibetan nun Ngawang Sangdrol and tells how John Kamm, director of the Dui Hua Foundation, contributed to her release. Pictures of Drapchi Prison and other detention centers close to Lhasa are included.
In 2007, Louville and her team directed a documentary film about the Qingzang railway, called "Tibet's colonisation train". The film was titled: Tanggula express, the train at the roof of the world.
# MS-20 Daglezja

The MS-20 Daglezja is a Polish armoured vehicle-launched bridge mounted on the Jelcz C662 wheeled chassis in service with the Polish Army since 2012.

## History

The Daglezja program began in 2002, at the request of the Department of Armament Policy of the Ministry of National Defense, OBRUM (Polish: Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Urządzeń Mechanicznych – Research and Development Centre for Mechanical Appliances) began to develop tactical and technical assumptions for a modern automotive bridge set. Research and development work began in 2003, and in 2004 a bridge model and the first prototype were created (2005). Due to the failure to provide the planned mass of the set and reliability, work on the program was discontinued. Therefore, OBRUM made a second, thoroughly rebuilt prototype from its own funds in 2008. After successfully passing the tests in 2010, the Department of Armament Policy of the Ministry of National Defense signed an agreement with OBRUM for the implementation of implementation work, which culminated in the delivery of two vehicles of the implementation batch to the army.
The first bridge was taken over on 20 November 2012 and sent to the Engineering and Chemical Troops Training Centre in Wrocław, and the second one was handed over on 10 December 2012. The second one was eventually delivered to the 2nd Engineer Battalion in Stargard the same year. After two implementation work, 10 series bridges were delivered in 2017.
In 2021, as a result of a 2018 agreement, four MS-20 bridges modified to suit local conditions were delivered to the People's Army of Vietnam.
Based on the accompanying bridge, a whole family of bridges is being built, including an assault bridge on the MG-20 Daglezja-G tracked chassis (on the T-72 tank chassis extended to 14 wheels), the MS-40 support bridge (enabling overcoming obstacles up to 40 m wide), and the Daglezja-P pontoon bridge. The prototype of the assault bridge was built in 2011. After tests, in 2018, the prototype was to be converted to a serial standard and a second copy was to be built.

## Construction details

MS-20 Daglezja is a companion bridge on a wheeled chassis. The entire set consists of: a Jelcz C662D.43-M tractor unit in a 6×6 configuration, a bridge semi-trailer, a bridge layer and the PM-20 span. The PM-20 span was made in such a way that its width can be changed, in the transport position it is 3 m, and in the working position 4 m. In addition, the span has fillings between the girders, enabling, for example, the passage of people and vehicles.
The bridge enables securing crossings or overcoming obstacles up to 20 m wide by tracked vehicles exerting a load of the MLC70 class (this corresponds to a vehicle weight of up to 63.5 tonnes) and wheeled vehicles or their combinations exerting a load of the MLC110 class (weight of up to 73 tonnes).

### Specifications

* span width:
** 3 m (in transport condition)
** 4 m (in working condition)
* span weight: 15 tons
* span length: 23 m (25.5 m – with access ramps)
* load capacity (according to STANAG 2021 standard):
** 70MLC for tracked vehicles
** 110MLC for wheeled vehicles
# Nelson González (musician)

Nelson González (born May 30, 1948) is a Puerto Rican tres player. He specialises in the Cuban tres, and only occasionally plays the Puerto Rican tres (similar to the cuatro). He is a prolific session musician and has been a member of renowned salsa ensembles such as Fania All-Stars, Orchestra Harlow and Típica 73. He has authored a book on the tres guitar method published by Mel Bay. Together with Pancho Amat and Papi Oviedo he is considered one of the most influential modern tres players.

## Career

Nelson González was born on May 30, 1948, in Vega Baja, Puerto Rico. In 1960, his family moved to Brooklyn. He became part of the Nuyorican music scene of the 1970s, making his debut recording in 1971 (Los Dinámicos). He then recorded with Orquesta Harlow, Típica Ideal and Grupo Folklórico y Experimental Nuevayorquino. He was a member of Típica 73 for four years before co-founding Los Kimbos in 1976 with other ex-members of Típica 73 (Adalberto Santiago, Orestes Vilató and Joe Mannozzi). The same year he recorded two albums with Carlos "Patato" Valdés in which he also acted as musical director and mixing engineer. In 1977 he performed in Cachao's comeback album Dos.
In 1978 Los Kimbos split into two bands, The Nelson González Group and Los Nuevos Kimbos de Orestes Vilató, while Adalberto Santiago started his solo career. In 1979 he played in Fania All-Stars' famous Habana Jam. In 1984 he launched a new project, Orquesta Revelación, with Joe Mannozzi, Papo Lucca and Louis García. In 1997 he released his first solo album, Son mundano. His second solo album, Pa' los treseros, was released in 2001, and was nominated for the 2002 Latin Grammy Award for Best Traditional Tropical Album.

## Awards and honors

* Best Salsa Band in Latin America (Típica 73; 1976)
* Latin New York Magazine's Best Tres Player of the Year (1978, 1979)
* Performed in 5 Grammy Award winning albums:
** Mi tierra (Gloria Estefan; 1993)
** Master Sessions Vol I (Cachao; 1994)
** Master Sessions Vol II (Cachao; 1995)
** Alma Caribeña (Gloria Estefan; 2000)
** Masterpiece (Tito Puente & Eddie Palmieri; 2000)
# Anna Strunsky

Anna Strunsky Walling (née Strunsky; March 21, 1877 – February 25, 1964), usually known as Anna Strunsky, was an American author and advocate of socialism, known for her novels and writings on social issues and the labor movement. Born in the Russian Empire, she emigrated to the United States as a child, later becoming active in socialist movements in San Francisco and New York City. While studying at Stanford University, she became friends with writer Jack London, with whom she co-authored the 1903 epistolary novel The Kempton-Wace Letters. In 1906, she married American socialist William English Walling, and they remained active in socialist and progressive causes. Strunsky opposed war and advocated for the abolition of capital punishment.

## Early life and education

Strunsky was born on March 21, 1877, into a Jewish family in Babinots (now Babinovitch), in the Liozna Raion, Russian Empire (now Belarus). In 1886, she emigrated to New York City with her parents, Elias Strunsky and Anna Horowitz, at the age of nine. Her siblings included an older brother, Max, and a younger sister, Rose, to whom she was particularly close. In 1893, the family relocated to San Francisco, where they lived with her brother Max, who had established himself as a doctor in the city.
As a teenager, Strunsky joined the Socialist Labor Party and remained committed to socialism throughout her life. She attended Stanford University from 1896 to 1898, where she formed a close friendship with writer Jack London, with whom she frequently discussed social and political issues.

## Socialist and writer

Strunsky and her sister Rose, who also attended Stanford, became leading members of the turn-of-the-20th-century San Francisco intellectual scene, part of a radical group of young Californian writers and artists known as The Crowd. It included George Sterling, Herman Whitaker, Ambrose Bierce, and others.
With Jack London, Strunsky co-authored the epistolary novel The Kempton-Wace Letters in 1903. After London's death in 1916, Strunsky published a memoir of their relationship.
In 1906, Strunsky and her sister traveled to Russia as correspondents for William English Walling, whom she later married. After returning to the United States, they reported on issues like the Springfield race riot of 1908, and Walling co-founded the NAACP. They had four children before separating. Strunsky remained active in socialist causes throughout her life, including joining the War Resisters League and the American League to Abolish Capital Punishment.

## Death and legacy

Strunsky died on February 25, 1964, in New York. She was survived by her four children: Rosamond, Anna, Georgia, and Hayden Walling. Hayden, an architect known for his work on Cape Cod, died in 1981. Rosamond (1910–1999) became a painter and was married to Edward Corbett.
Her papers are held by the Bancroft Library at University of California, Berkeley, the Yale University Library, and the Huntington Library.
# Twelve Doors of Mali

The Twelve Doors of Mali were the possessions of the Mansa (emperor) of the medieval Mali Empire which was established in c. 1235 following The Battle of Kirina. These lands were either allied to or conquered by Sundiata Keita (the first Emperor of Imperial Mali) on his campaign to free the Mandinka heartland from the Sosso kingdom of Kaniaga.

## The Twelve Doors

Following his victory at Kirina, Sundiata Keita united the twelve towns of Mande known as the "twelve doors of Mali." He pacified these twelve towns and went on to bring prosperity to the land The twelve doors of Mali are listed below:
* Bambougou, conquered by Fakoli Koroma
* The lands of the Bozo people, allied to Mali ("masters of the water")$^{:135}$
* Djedeba, allied to Mali
* Do, from which all future Keita queens (such as Sogolon Condé, Sundiata's mother) would come from, allied to Mali
* Jalo, conquered by Fran Kamara
* Kaniaga, conquered by Mari Djata I (commonly known as Sundiata Keita)
* Kri/Kiri, allied to Mali
* Oualata, conquered by Mari Djata I
* Siby, allied to Mali
* Tabon, allied to Mali
* Toron, allied to Mali
* Zaghari, allied to Mali

## Historical significance

The twelve doors were the base of the Manden Kurufa (Manden Federation). With future conquests and re-organization, they would transform into the provinces of the Mali Empire. They remained important in the political and military circles of imperial power until the end of the Mali Empire in 1645.