# Green Mill Cocktail Lounge

The Green Mill Cocktail Lounge (also known as the Green Mill Jazz Club or simply Green Mill) is a bar and entertainment venue on Broadway in Uptown, Chicago.
The Green Mill's origins can be traced to the late 1890s. Over the years its name, ownership, and building have undergone numerous changes, but it has remained on the same city block since its inception, and in same building (albeit different subsections) since 1921. The current venue opened in 1935.
The Green Mill is known for its jazz performances, along with its connections to Chicago mob history. It is considered one of the most famous bars in the United States and the most iconic in Illinois.

## History
### 1890s-1900s

The Green Mill traces its roots to Pop Morse's Roadhouse, a saloon founded by Charles E. "Pop" Morse at the corner of Lawrence Avenue and Broadway (then known as Evanston Avenue). While commonly said to have opened in 1907, city records indicate the saloon opened in 1898.
The saloon became a popular spot for mourners from the nearby Graceland and Saint Boniface cemeteries. After Morse died in 1908, his son-in-law Charles Hoffman assumed control. In 1909, together with his brother Frank, Hoffman added a beer garden to the property in and renamed it the Hoffman Bros. Saloon.

### 1910s-1945

In 1910, real estate developer and tavern owner Tom Chamales began leasing the property from the Hoffmans. Chamales changed the name to "Morse's Cafe & Garden." In 1914, after acquiring adjacent land, Chamales demolished the original venue and replaced it with a large, two-story complex that he named the Green Mill Gardens as a nod to the famous Moulin Rouge ("Red Mill") in Paris. Chamales chose the color green to avoid association with a nearby red-light district.
The Green Mill Gardens complex included offices, a restaurant, an indoor ballroom, an outdoor beer garden, and a huge green windmill on the roof. The beer garden featured a large open courtyard and stage for live entertainment. In its early years, the Green Mill was a popular hangout for movie actors from nearby Essanay Studios.
In 1921, federal prosecutors and the City of Chicago filed separate lawsuits against the Green Mill for allegedly selling selling alcohol (in violation of Prohibition) and for allowing music and dancing past 1 a.m. That same year, Chamales constructed a new addition along Broadway that still stands today. A relief of a windmill (still visible today) and the words "Green Mill Gardens" (now obscured by signage) are engraved in the stone facade above the former entrance.
In 1923, despite the dismissal of the federal lawsuit, the Green Mill Gardens briefly shut down, and the western half of the property that housed the namesake garden courtyard was sold to Balaban and Katz. A former manager, Henry Horn, quickly reopened the Green Mill under a new name, the Montmartre Cafe.
In 1924, Balaban & Katz demolished the garden courtyard in order to construct the Uptown Theatre; the rooftop windmill was removed around this time as well.
In 1926, a judge ordered the closure of the Montmartre Cafe for violating Prohibition. Later that year, it reopened as the New Green Mill Cafe under new ownership reputedly tied to organized crime.
Around this time, "Machine Gun" Jack McGurn of Al Capone's Chicago Outfit became a part-owner. Singer and comedian Joe E. Lewis was attacked by McGurn's men in 1927 after he refused to take his act to the Green Mill. Lewis' throat was slashed, but he survived. The incident inspired the 1957 film The Joker Is Wild.
It is alleged that Al Capone's favorite booth is still in the establishment, located directly west of the short end of the bar. However, the current-day Green Mill did not exist at that site until 1935, several years after Capone went to prison, leaving Chicago for good. It is also alleged that, during Prohibition, patrons of Green Mill Gardens could escape through a series of coal tunnels that run under the entire block, which also connect to the present-day Green Mill through a trapdoor behind the bar.
Between 1927 and 1932, the Green Mill underwent multiple closures, ownership transfers, and name changes (including "Ye Old Green Mill" and "Lincoln Tavern Town Club").
In April 1933, just months before the end of Prohibition, a fire gutted the building, causing $100,000 of damage (equivalent to $2,429,049 in 2024). The building was repaired, and, with alcohol once again legal, reopened in its present-day space as the Green Mill Tavern in 1935. The interior was remodeled in 1942, but the extent of the renovation is unclear.
After the end of Prohibition, the Green Mill became a more reputable establishment, attracting many popular jazz acts including Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday and Al Jolson, along with cabaret icons like Texas Guinan: a onetime rodeo rider and vaudeville performer, Guinan reinvented herself during Prohibition as a bawdy, breezy master of ceremonies for cabaret shows at spots like the 300 Club in New York before coming to Chicago for a brief period from 1928 to 1930.

### 1945-2000

The business began to struggle following World War II. In 1940, the Green Mill was purchased by the Batsis brothers, who sold it in 1960 to Steve Brend. Brend had worked for Jack McGurn as a youngster and was called the "Mayor of Uptown" for his gregarious nature and proclivity for storytelling. During that period, the Green Mill went from a nightlife hub to a place where day drinking and drug use were the norm, but was purchased and revitalized in 1986 by Dave Jemilo, a south-sider and owner of the bar Deja Vu.
Since 1986, the Green Mill has hosted a weekly Uptown Poetry Slam.

### 21st century

Chicago-based comic Whitney Chitwood recorded her 2019 album The Bakery Case live at the Green Mill; the album reached No. 9 on the Billboard comedy chart and was the first comedy album to be recorded at the club.
Recently the Green Mill has hosted performers ranging from jazz quartets to swing orchestras that frequently play to a packed house. During quieter performances, staff may ask patrons to put their phones away and refrain from loud talking. Behind the bar stands a small table with a shrine to Al Capone as a tribute to the earlier days.

## In popular culture

Over the years, the Green Mill has appeared in many films, such as Thief (1981), Next of Kin (1989), V. I. Warshawski (1991), Prelude to a Kiss (1992), Folks! (1992), A Family Thing (1996), Soul Food (1997), High Fidelity (2000), The Lake House (2006), The Dilemma (2011) and Chicago Overcoat (2010).
In the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Course: Oblivion," the Green Mill is mentioned by the character Tom Paris as a "Genuine speakeasy". In the Chicago P.D. episode "We Don't Work Together Anymore," Voight and Olinski enter the Green Mill to question a suspect and refer to it as "Al Capone's old joint."