# George Abecassis

George Edgar Abecassis DFC (21 March 1913 – 18 December 1991) was a British racing driver, and co-founder of the HWM Formula One team.

## Pre-1946 career

Born in Oatlands, Surrey, Abecassis was educated at Clifton College. He began circuit racing in 1935 in a modified Austin Seven which became known as The Einsitzer. After taking 1937 as a year away from the track, he acquired an Alta and made a name for himself in English national racing during the 1938 and 1939 seasons. In 1939, he won the Imperial Trophy Formula Libre race at Crystal Palace, driving his Alta, defeating Prince Bira, in the E.R.A. known as Romulus, in a wet race, "that being the only time it was beaten by a 1,500 cc (92 cu in) car in the British Isles."
At one point, Abecassis held the Campbell circuit lap record at Brooklands at 72.61 miles per hour (116.85 km/h) On 3 July 1938 Abecassis broke the Prescott Hill Climb record with a climb of 47.85 seconds in his supercharged 1½-litre Alta.
When World War II broke out he joined the Royal Air Force, as a member of the Volunteer Reserves, and became an experienced pilot, ultimately becoming a member of the secret "Moon Squadrons", ferrying secret agents in and out of occupied countries in Europe with specially-modified Halifax and Stirling aircraft. During the course of his wartime service Abecassis was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and was mentioned in dispatches with the following citation:
   [Abecassis]... has been employed as a Flying Instructor and latterly as Deputy Flight Commander. His keenness and enthusiasm, combined with conscientious and consistent instruction, have always been an inspiration to trainee pilots and his pupils have in every case displayed the hallmark of his careful attention. He has carried out a long spell on the arduous and exacting duties of a Flying Instructor at an Operational Training Unit.
Abecassis achieved the rank of squadron leader, and, following the war, continued as a member of the RAF Volunteer Reserves prior to his discharge in 1953.

## Post-1946 career

After World War II Abecassis went back to racing, initially with pre-war machinery. He won a race at Gransden Lodge in a road-going 3.3-litre Bugatti on 15 June 1946. In 1947, Abecassis finished second in the Swedish Grand Prix, held on a frozen lake at Vallentuna, driving an E.R.A. In 1948, he finished second to Bob Gerard in the Jersey International Road Race. He became a partner, with John Heath, in Hersham and Walton Motors Ltd., a motor dealership and garage in Walton-on-Thames. Building on his pre-war association with the Alta marque, Abecassis and HWM assisted in the development of the Alta GP car, designed to comply with the recently introduced Formula One regulations.
After the failure of this enterprise, Abecassis and Heath decided to construct their own cars under the HWM banner, but retaining Alta engines. Initially the HWM cars were designed to compete in the Formula Two class, but when the World Championship switched to Formula Two regulations in 1952 HWM cars became eligible to compete in the Grand Prix events. During their prime, HWM employed such future stars as Stirling Moss and Peter Collins, and the Belgian Johnny Claes scored their first victory, in the Grand Prix des Frontières at a street circuit in Chimay, Belgium. Abecassis's HWM team also took a notable victory in the International Trophy race at Silverstone in 1952, this time with Lance Macklin at the wheel. With the reintroduction of Formula One cars to the World Championship in 1954, Abecassis and Heath attempted to produce a competitive car using the 2.5-litre version of the Alta engine but it was not a success; HWM cars only contested two further Grand Prix events after 1953.
It was with his own HWM cars that Abecassis raced in his only two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, at the Bremgarten circuit, in the 1951 and 1952 Swiss Grand Prix. He was more successful as a sports car driver with Aston Martin and won his class at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1950, sharing his DB2 with Macklin. He also finished second in the 12 Hours of Sebring in 1953, partnered by Reg Parnell. In 1953, Abecassis constructed an HWM sports car for his own personal use, powered by a Jaguar straight-6 engine, with which he successfully contested many national British races until 1956.
In 1955 Mille Miglia he drove a red Austin Healey 100S (AHS3804) very fast in the last "Rome section" to an outstanding position close to the speeds of Stirling Moss with the Mercedes SLR and finished 11th overall.
In 1956, Heath was killed in an accident in the Mille Miglia and Abecassis retired from racing, turning his attention to running the HWM operations. He was the Facel Vega importer for Britain, while his motor industry connections were aided by the fact that he was married to Angela, the daughter of Aston Martin chairman Sir David Brown. He died aged 78, in Ibstone, near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.
In September 2010 his son David Abecassis published a comprehensive biography of his father under the title A Passion for Speed.
His grandson, Jonathan Abecassis, has an active interest in vintage sports car racing. He competes in the Fifties Sports Car Racing Club ("FISCAR") series, driving an Austin Healey 100/4.

## Racing record
### Career highlights

| Season | Series | Position | Team | Car |
| 1935 | Aston Clinton Speed Trails | 1st | | Austin 7 "Einsitzer" |
| 1936 | Lands End Trial | Premier Award | | 1934 Wolseley Hornet Special AXK 777 |
| 1938 | Easter Road Race | 1st | | Alta 2.0 s/c |
| | Lewes Speed Trials | 1st | | Alta S |
| | British Trophy | 1st | | Alta S |
| | Crystal Palace Cup | 1st | | Alta S |
| | Crystal Palace Grand Prix | 2nd | | Alta 12/50 |
| | Crystal Palace Plate | 2nd | | Alta 2.0 s/c |
| | Imperial Trophy | 2nd | | Alta 12/50 |
| | Imperial Plate | 2nd | | Alta 2.0 s/c |
| 1939 | Imperial Trophy | 1st | | Alta 12/50 |
| | Imperial Plate | 1st | George Abecassis | Alta 2.0 s/c |
| | Crystal Palace Plate | 3rd | G. E. Abecassis | Alta 2.0 s/c |
| 1946 | MAC International Hill Climb | 2nd | | Alta S |
| | Gransden Lodge Trophy | 2nd | | Alta |
| 1947 | Bo'ness Hill Climb | 1st | | Bugatti Type 59 |
| | British Hill Climb Championship | 2nd | | Bugatti Type 59 |
| | SAK Stockholm Grand Prix | 2nd | | ERA A-Type |
| | Prix de Rome | 2nd | | Cisitalia-Fiat D46 |
| | Gransden Trophy | 2nd | | Bugatti Type 59 |
| | JMC & LCC Hill Climb | 2nd | | Bugatti Type 59 |
| | KAK Winter Grand Prix | 3rd | | ERA A-Type |
| | Ulster Trophy | 3rd | | ERA A-Type |
| | Craigantlet Hillclimb | 3rd | | Bugatti Type 59 |
| 1948 | Jersey International Road Race | 2nd | | Maserati 6CM |
| 1951 | Winfield Formula 2 Cup | 2nd | H. W. Motors Ltd. | HWM-Alta 51 |
| | Madgwick Cup | 3rd | H. W. Motors Ltd. | HWM |
| | Hastings Trophy | 3rd | H. W. Motors Ltd. | HWM |
| 1952 | Ibsley Grand Prix | 2nd | H. W. Motors Ltd. | HWM-Alta 52 |
| | Silverstone International | 3rd | David Brown | Aston Martin DB3 |
| | Jersey International Road Race | 3rd | David Brown | Aston Martin DB3 |
| 1953 | Goodwood International | 1st | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |
| | Grand Prix, 12 Hours of Sebring | 2nd | Aston Martin Ltd. | Aston Martin DB3 |
| 1954 | Silverstone International | 2nd | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |
| | Hedemoraloppet | 2nd | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |
| | Goodwood International | 3rd | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |
| 1955 | AMOC USAF Trophy | 1st | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |
| | BM Trophy | 1st | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |
| | RedeX Trophy | 1st | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |
| | Mille Miglia | 11th | Donald Healey Motor Company | Austin Healey 100S |
| | Brighton Speed Trials | 2nd | H. W. Motors | HWM-Jaguar |

### Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | WDC | Points |
| 1951 | HW Motors Ltd | HWM | Alta Straight-4 | SUI Ret | 500 | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | ESP | NC | 0 |
| 1952 | HW Motors Ltd | HWM | Alta Straight-4 | SUI Ret | 500 | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | NED | ITA | NC | 0 |
| Source: ||||||||||||||

### Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1950 | Aston Martin Ltd. | Lance Macklin | Aston Martin DB2 | S3.0 | 249 | 5th | 1st |
| 1951 | Aston Martin Ltd. | Brian Shawe-Taylor | Aston Martin DB2 | S3.0 | | 5th | 2nd |
| 1953 | Aston Martin Ltd. | Roy Salvadori | Aston Martin DB3S | S3.0 | 74 | DNF (Clutch) | DNF (Clutch) |

### Complete 12 Hours of Sebring results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1953 | Aston Martin, Ltd. | Reg Parnell | Aston Martin DB3 | S3.0 | 172 | 2nd | 1st |

### Complete Mille Miglia results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1952 | Aston Martin Ltd. | Pat Griffith | Aston Martin DB2 | GT+2.0 | DNF (Clutch) | DNF (Clutch) |
| 1953 | Aston Martin Lagonda | Pat Griffith | Aston Martin DB3 | S+2.0 | DNF (Steering, accident) | DNF (Steering, accident) |
| 1954 | H.W. Motors | Denis Jenkinson | HWM-Jaguar | S+2.0 | DNF (Shock absorber) | DNF (Shock absorber) |
| 1955 | Donald Healey Motor Company | | Austin-Healey 100S | S+2.0 | 11th | 5th |

### Complete 24 Hours of Spa results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1948 | | John Heath | Alta | S2.0 | 172 | DNF (Accident) | DNF (Accident) |

### Complete 12 Hours of Reims results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1953 | H.W. Motors | Paul Frère | HWM-Jaguar | S+2.0 | | DNF (Suspension) | DNF (Suspension) |
| 1954 | H.W. Motors | Lance Macklin | HWM-Jaguar | S+2.0 | | DNF (Engine) | DNF (Engine) |

### Complete 12 Hours of Hyères results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1954 | H.W. Motors | Tony Gaze | HWM-Jaguar | | | DISQ (Disqualified) | DISQ (Disqualified) |