OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Air Rhodesia Flight 827

Air Rhodesia Flight 827, operated by Vickers Viscount VP-YND 'Umniati' was a scheduled civilian flight between Kariba and the capital, Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe), that was shot down soon after takeoff on 12 February 1979 by Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) guerrillas using a Strela 2 missile. The circumstances were very similar to the shooting down of Air Rhodesia Flight 825 five months earlier. As of 2022 this remained the deadliest aviation incident in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe.

## Incident description

The flight's departure from Kariba had been delayed, and so the pilots did not take the time to climb over a lake to get above the ceiling of shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missiles before heading for Salisbury. ZIPRA had information that the Rhodesian Security Forces Commander General Peter Walls was on board, and they tried to assassinate him. However, he and his wife were on a second (similar) aircraft that took off 15 minutes later, immediately executing maneuvers designed to evade missiles, and landing safely in Salisbury.
As with the similar incident five months earlier, Flight 827 was damaged by one or more Strela-2 missiles (commonly known at the time as 'SAM-7', NATO reporting name SA-7) and came down in rough terrain in the Vuti African Purchase Area east of Lake Kariba. None of the 59 passengers or crew survived.

## Aftermath

Following the second incident, Air Rhodesia added shrouding to the exhaust pipes of their Viscount aircraft to reduce their infrared signature, and painted the aircraft with a low-radiation paint as countermeasures against heat-seeking missiles.
On 25 February 1979, the Rhodesian Air Force, with covert assistance from the South African Air Force, launched Operation Vanity, a retaliatory bombing raid against a ZIPRA camp near Livingstone, Zambia.

## Commemoration

A memorial to the victims of the two Rhodesian Viscount incidents, dubbed the Viscount Memorial, was erected on the grounds of the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, South Africa, in 2012, and inaugurated on 1 September that year. The names of the dead passengers and crew are engraved on two granite slabs that stand upright, side by side, the pair topped by an emblem symbolising an aircraft.
# Sergei Korolev (disambiguation)

Sergei Korolev was a Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer.
Sergei Korolev may also refer to:
* Sergei Alexandrovich Korolev (1874–1932), Russian microbiologist who founded industrial microbiology
* Sergei B. Korolev (born 1962), Russian intelligence officer
* Soviet ship Akademik Sergey Korolyov, a Soviet tracking ship
# Arctic Ice Project

The Arctic Ice Project is a Silicon Valley non-profit research organization that aims to slow climate change by restoring ice in the Arctic. Their scientific research in ice preservation technologies represents an opportunity to buy up to 15 more years for the world's economies to decarbonize. The organization has built an innovation network of prestigious external scientific partnerships that include the top specialists and organizations in the climate field in order to coordinate a moonshot effort to stop Arctic ice melt in key portions of the Arctic, our planet's heat-shield.

## Solution

The Arctic Ice Project's approach is to spread hollow silica microspheres (reflective sand) on top of ice in the Arctic. The microspheres raise the reflecting power of polar ice. This reduces the amount of sunlight absorbed, and slows the melting of the ice.
The microspheres are bright white, and each one is 35 microns in diameter (less than the diameter of a human hair). The microspheres are filled with air and they float. The vision is to cover a strategic area of the Arctic about the size of Belgium with microspheres. Target locations will be near communities that depend on the ice, and routes through which melting ice reaches the wider ocean.
The Arctic Ice Project aims to rebuild a natural system with the least possible intervention. The Arctic Ice Project's silica microspheres will dissolve over time. This is a form of “soft geoengineering”. It is claimed to be less damaging and more reversible than other techniques.
Some scientists are concerned about the risks of restoring Arctic ice, as this approach could have unintended consequences. The Arctic Ice Project maintains that its approach will not drastically alter the ecosystem or pollute the environment.
# Abu Osama al-Muhajer

Abu Osama al-Muhajer (Arabic: أبو أسامة المهاجر); is the former leader of the Islamic State – Yemen Province (IS-YP); On 25 June 2019, Saudi special forces announced that they captured Abu Osama al-Muhajer, on 3 June along with other members including the chief financial officer of the organization.
# Governor of the Central Bank of Iran

Governor of the Central Bank of Iran (Persian: رئیس کل بانک مرکزی ایران) is the highest administrative authority of the Central Bank of Iran, making decisions concerning all such current affairs of the bank.
Presently, the President appoints the governor upon the recommendation of the Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance, who must be verified by the CBI's general assembly.
Unlike many countries, the governor of central bank is not mandated to decide on the monetary policy in Iran by himself, but he is head of the body with that responsibility, The Currency and Credit Council, an organ within the central bank but controlled by the government. The governor is assisted by an executive board comprising, in addition to himself as the chairman, the deputy governor, vice-governors, and the secretary-general of the Currency and Credit Council.
The law specifies no fixed term for the governor, however the officeholder is appointed for five years.

## List

The governors of Central Bank of Iran are as follows:
| No. | Name | Term in office | Term in office | Appointer |
| No. | Name | Assumed | Left | Appointer |
| 1 | Ebrahim Kashani | 1960 | 1961 | Manouchehr Eghbal |
| 2 | Ali-Asghar Pourhomayoun | 1961 | 1964 | Ali Amini |
| 3 | Mahdi Samii | 1964 | 1969 | Hassan-Ali Mansur |
| 4 | Khodadad Farmanfarmaian | 1969 | 1970 | Amir-Abbas Hoveyda |
| (3) | Mahdi Samii | 1970 | 1971 | Amir-Abbas Hoveyda |
| 5 | Abdol-Ali Jahanshahi | 1971 | 1973 | Amir-Abbas Hoveyda |
| 6 | Mohammad Yeganeh | 1973 | 1975 | Amir-Abbas Hoveyda |
| 7 | Hassan Ali Mehran | 1975 | 1978 | Amir-Abbas Hoveyda |
| 8 | Yousef Khoshkish | 1978 | 1979 | Jamshid Amouzegar |
| 9 | Mohammad-Ali Molavi | 1979 | 1979 | Mehdi Bazargan |
| 10 | Alireza Nobari | 1979 | 1981 | Abolhassan Banisadr |
| 11 | Mohsen Nourbakhsh | 1981 | 1986 | Mir-Hossein Mousavi |
| 12 | Majid Ghassemi | 1986 | 1989 | Mir-Hossein Mousavi |
| 13 | Mohammad Hossein Adeli | 1989 | 1994 | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani |
| (11) | Mohsen Nourbakhsh | 1994 | 2003 | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani |
| (11) | Mohsen Nourbakhsh | 1994 | 2003 | Mohammad Khatami |
| – | Mohammad-Javad Vahaji (acting) | 2003 | 2003 | | Mohammad Khatami |
| 14 | Ebrahim Sheibani | 2003 | 2007 | Mohammad Khatami |
| 15 | Tahmasb Mazaheri | 2007 | 2008 | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| 16 | Mahmoud Bahmani | 2008 | 2013 | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| 17 | Valiollah Seif | 2013 | 2018 | Hassan Rouhani |
| 18 | Abdolnaser Hemmati | 2018 | 2021 | Hassan Rouhani |
| 19 | Akbar Komijani | 2021 | 2021 | Hassan Rouhani |
| 20 | Ali Salehabadi | 2021 | 2022 | Ebrahim Raisi |
| 21 | Mohammad-Reza Farzin | 2022 | incumbent | Ebrahim Raisi |
# La General Hospital

The La General Hospital is a hospital located in the La area of Accra, Ghana. It was formerly known as La Polyclinic.
La General Hospital was established to provide healthcare to the general public in and around Accra, the capital city of Ghana.
President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo kicked off the redevelopment of the La General Hospital in Accra on Tuesday, marking the beginning of a transformation for the healthcare facility. This project aims to upgrade the healthcare into a modern 160 facility which will compliment the Greater Accra Regional Hospital at Ridge.
# Fana Håndball

Fana Håndball is the women's handball team of the Norwegian multi-sports club Fana IL based in Bergen. The team plays in REMA 1000-ligaen, the top division in the country, since its historical promotion on March 14, 2018.
Another historic event happened on 10 December 2022, when they qualified for the 2022–23 Women's EHF European League, for the first time in the club's history.

## Team
### Current squad

    Squad for the 2024–25 season
Squad information :
| No. | Player | Position | In | Contract until | Previous club |
| 1 | Benedikte Kalstad Hernes | Goalkeeper | 2023 | | Fyllingen IL |
| 2 | Marte Haaland | Centre back | 2022 | | Gneist |
| 3 | Maria Elisabeth Grasdal | Line player | 2022 | | Bjarg |
| 4 | Linnea Skadal Kyrkjeeide | Right wing | 2022 | | Bjarg |
| 5 | Maren Eriksen Langø | Left wing | 2021 | | Ålgård HK |
| 6 | Lina Waage Mossestad | Centre back | 2022 | | Fyllingen IL |
| 8 | Lise Låstad | Left wing | 2024 | | Bjarg |
| 10 | Frida Aasekjær Wilkensen | Right back | 2024 | | Fyllingen IL |
| 11 | Anna Mortvedt | Line player | 2024 | 2026 | Fyllingen IL |
| 12 | Erica Johnsen | Goalkeeper | 2024 | | Flint Tønsberg |
| 14 | Eline Mangen Solbakken | Pivot | 2022 | | Bjarg |
| 15 | Leah Osa | Centre back | 2023 | | Gneist |
| 16 | Synna Lien | Goalkeeper | 2024 | 2025 | Tertnes HE |
| 18 | Marit Ova Bøyum | Left back | 2019 | | Førde |
| 19 | Eline Osland | Centre back | 2024 | 2026 | Follo HK Damer |
| 20 | Martine Kårigstad Andersen | Left back | 2023 | 2025 | Vipers Kristiansand |
| 21 | Mille Daae | Right back | 2023 | | Bjarg |
| 23 | Sara Osen Tefre | Right wing | 2023 | | Kjøkkelvik |
| 24 | Andrea Varvin Frediksen | Left wing | 2024 | 2026 | Fredrikstad BK |
| 25 | Marie Mjøs | Centre back | 2024 | | Fyllingen IL |

### Transfers

    Transfers for the 2025–26 season

### Technical staff

* Head coach: Vidar Gjesdal
* Assistant coach: Marius Beck

### Notable former national team players

* Emilie Hovden
* Olivia Lykke Nygaard
* Oda Mastad
* Sara Berg
* Celine Solstad

### Notable former club players

* Josefine Gundersen Lien
* Maren Roll Lied
* Thea Stankiewicz
* Catharina Skorpen Furnes
* Synna Lien
* Sofie Grønlund
* Sofie Vinde Norum
* Candy Jabateh
* Christine Karlsen Alver
* Aurora Kjellevold Hatle
* Andrea Solstad
* Dina Frisendal

### Individual awards in REMA 1000-ligaen

| Season | Player | Award |
| 2018–19 | Christine Karlsen Alver | Rookie |
| 2021–22 | Christine Karlsen Alver | Centre back |
| 2021–22 | Christine Karlsen Alver | Top scorer (206 goals) |
| 2022–23 | Olivia Lykke Nygaard | Goalkeeper |

## European record

| Season | Competition | Round | Club | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Aggregate |
| 2022–23 | EHF European League | QR2 | SPONO Eagles | 36–21 | 28–31 | 64–52 |
| 2022–23 | EHF European League | QR3 | Buxtehuder SV | 28–21 | 23–25 | 51–46 |
| 2022–23 | EHF European League | GP | Ikast Handbold | 24–35 | 23–29 | 4th place |
| 2022–23 | EHF European League | GP | Motherson Mosonmagyaróvári KC | 29–35 | 25–28 | 4th place |
| 2022–23 | EHF European League | GP | Neptunes de Nantes | 30–28 | 21–29 | 4th place |
# Frank Pinder

Frank Pinder (born 17 December 2000) is a 1.0 point wheelchair basketball player from Australia. He was a member of the Rollers at the 2024 Paris Paralympics.

## Early life

Pinder was born on 17 December 2000. He broke his back at the age of fifteen. Pinder has a digital art qualification and in 2024 works for Innogreen Technologies – a Perth business offering affordable smart accessible technology solutions.

## Basketball career

He took up wheelchair basketball after his accident. He made his Rollers team debut at the 2022 Wheelchair Basketball World Championships in Dubai where they finished seventh. He was a member of the Rollers team at the 2024 IWBF Asia-Oceania Championships in Thailand, where they won the gold medal and qualified for 2024 Summer Paralympics.
At the 2024 Paris Paralympics, he was a member of the Rollers that finished fifth with a win/loss record of 3-3.
# Cantal cheese

Cantal cheese (French pronunciation: ) is an uncooked firm cheese produced in the Auvergne region of central France: more particularly in the département of Cantal (named after the Cantal mountains) as well as in certain adjoining districts. Cantal cheese was granted Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée certification in 1956. One of the oldest cheeses in France, Cantal dates back to the times of the Gauls. It came to prominence when Marshal Henri de La Ferté-Senneterre served it at the table of Louis XIV of France. Senneterre is also responsible for the introduction of Saint-Nectaire and Salers.

## Composition

There are two types of Cantal cheese: Cantal Fermier, a farmhouse cheese made from raw milk; and Cantal Laitier, a commercial, mass-produced version made from pasteurized milk. Both have to adhere to the same strict quality controls. The cheese is made only using milk from hay-fed Salers cows, and is only harvested from November 15 to April 15. The summer milk of the same cows grazing on mountain meadows makes the Salers cheese.
This semi-hard cheese is aged for several months, and is shaped into a cylinder. The cylinders are massive in size and the cheese has a soft interior. Its flavor is somewhat reminiscent of Cheddar, with a strong, tangy butter taste that grows with age. A well ripened Cantal has a vigorous nutty and tangy taste, while a young cheese has a hint of sweet and buttery taste of raw milk. The pitted appearance of the crust of Cantal vieux is a result of the activity of cheese mites. According to the time of aging, three varieties are distinguished:
* Cantal jeune (aged 1–2 months)
* Cantal entre-deux or Cantal doré (aged 3–9 months)
* Cantal vieux (aged more than 8 months).
These are all available as fermier and laitier. Most (>80% of production) Cantal is of the first two varieties. Cantal vieux is already a hard cheese. If kept properly, it can last up to a year and a half without spoiling. It is not produced in large quantities. Much loved in the Cantal region, Cantal vieux is quite rarely exported due to its strong taste and can usually be found only in specialist stores.
Cantal cheese has a fat content of 45%. It is used in soups, salads, aligot potatoes, cheese fondue and gratins. Cantal Fermier, like all cheeses made from raw milk, may contain Listeria bacteria on the crust, which should therefore be discarded; it is also not suitable for children, the elderly, or immunocompromised persons.
# Blandford Forest

Blandford Forest is a scattered area of woodland centred to the northwest of the town of Blandford Forum in Dorset, England.

## Location

According to the Forestry Commission, Blandford Forest comprises a number of scattered woodlands around the village of Winterborne Stickland, including Whatcombe Wood and France Down.

## History

The Forest has one scheduled archaeological site: the ancient earthwork of Crossdyke on Okeford Hill near Shillingstone.
# HMS Llandaff (F61)

HMS Llandaff was a Salisbury-class or Type 61 aircraft direction frigate of the British Royal Navy, named after the district of Llandaff in Cardiff, Wales. She was built by Hawthorn Leslie and Company at Hebburn on the River Tyne, being laid down on 27 August 1953 and launched on 30 November 1955.

## Construction

Llandaff was one of three Salisbury-class frigates ordered on 28 June 1951 as a follow-on to the name ship of the class. She was laid down at Hawthorn Leslie's Hebburn shipyard on 27 August 1953, She was launched by Countess Mountbatten, the wife of Earl Louis Mounbatten, on 30 November 1955. Llandaff broke away from her moorings in a storm on 1 March 1956 and was damaged by collisions with the cruiser Bermuda, the frigate Russell and a merchant ship before she could be brought under control. Despite this damage, she completed and was accepted into service on 11 April 1958.

## Royal Navy service

On entry to service Llandaff was the first ship to be trained by the newly established Flag Officer Sea Training organisation at Portland.
She re-commissioned for the 5th time at Singapore in 1967 and returned to UK waters in September 1968, completing the commission at Devonport in 1970.
Between June and September 1968, Llandaff was in transit from Singapore to the United Kingdom. Her trip home was a 'showing the flag' voyage via the Solomon Islands, Cairns (Australia), Auckland (New Zealand), Fiji, Rotuma, the Gilbert Islands, Honolulu (Pearl Harbor), Monterey (USA), Long Beach for refuelling, transit through the Panama Canal then Barbados with a short stop in Azores for refuelling, then home to Devonport.

## Bangladesh Navy service

Llandaff was sold to the Bangladeshi Navy on 10 December 1976 and was renamed Umar Farooq. Umar Farooq was converted into a training ship where officers under-training and sailors get sea time. During her long refit, a female officers' gunroom and heads were installed so that female officers under-training can also be accommodated. In the Bangladesh Navy she undertook flag-showing and training visits abroad, notable among them the goodwill visit to India, Pakistan and Maldives in 1989, participation in the Korean International Fleet Review in 1998 and the 2014 search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. With three other frigates she formed the 7th Frigate Squadron and was stationed in Chittagong, Bangladesh. In 2016 she was sold for scrapping.
# Dereköy, Milas

Dereköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Milas, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population was 267 in 2019.
# Augusteum (Leipzig)

The Augusteum was a building on the Augustusplatz in Leipzig, Germany, to the left of the Paulinerkirche. It was built on the 1543 site of the University of Leipzig and served as its main building.

## History

The Augusteum was built between 1831 and 1836 to plans by Albert Geutebrück, though its façade referred back to a classicist design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The building had, however, already reached its full capacity by the 1870s since the university had grown due to major urban expansion in this period. The building was generously rebuilt and expanded from 1892 to 1897 by the architect Arwed Rossbach. The Augusteum had originally only had a front onto the Augustusplatz, but, due to the demolition of the old Paulinum (i.e. the building of the medieval St. Paul's monastery and St. Paul's college), could now receive a south wing known as the Johanneum (1895), a middle wing known as the Albertinum (1896) and a west wing known as the Paulinum (1896). The renovation also altered the building's style to fit in better with other buildings on the Augustusplatz, with Neo-Renaissance and Neo Gothic façades being added to the Paulinerkirche and Augusteum to plans by Rossbach.
The Augusteum was heavily damaged by bombing in the Second World War, so the East German government decided it was beyond repair and (like the fully intact Paulinerkirche) ill-fitting for their concept of a university. Thus the two buildings were dynamited on 30 May 1968. This cleared an area on which a new university complex in functional and sober DDR architectural style was built in 1975. Until 1971 a rectory building was on the site of the Augusteum's main wing.
After German reunification, a citizens' initiative for the reconstruction of the university church and Augusteum of Leipzig gathered, but after years of litigation, demands for reconstruction were waived in favour of the university's need for modern teaching and research facilities. A plan was drawn up by Erick van Egeraat for a campus building recalling parts of the Augusteum's façade, and an auditorium designed to appear like the Paulinerkirche, but the historic main building of the university would not rise again.

## Reconstruction

In 2006, the campus at Augustusplatz, consisting of the main building (Hauptgebäude) at the place of the former Augusteum and Paulinerkirche, the lecture hall building (Hörsaalgebäude), seminar building (Seminargebäude) and dining hall building (Mensagebäude), began reconstruction. The new building for the faculty of economic sciences and parts of the renovated seminar building, the long-overdue new dining hall building, and other parts, including the new Augusteum and Paulinum have all been completed.

## Gallery

* The building under construction
* The complex of buildings in 2012
* The Schinkel Gate, back entrance of the Augusteum
* Inside the Augusteum
# Joniškėlis Manor

Joniškėlis Manor is a former residential manor in Joniškėlis. It is one of the biggest buildings and parks ensemble in Zemgale. Manor territory is currently used by Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture.

## Gallery

* Mažupis valley
* Manor buildings
* Manor buildings
* Manor buildings
# Onuškis Manor

Onuškis Manor is a former residential manor in Onuškis village, Rokiškis district. The manor was heavily damaged during World War I and currently only ruins remain.
# Navan liqueur

Navan (nah-váhn), is a vanilla liqueur produced by the House of Grand Marnier.
Navan's name stands for "Natural Vanilla". The vanilla beans are imported from Madagascar.

## History

Alexandra Marnier Lapostolle, current president of Marnier-Lapostolle North America and creator of Casa Lapostolle Wines, chose the natural vanilla flavor to create Navan, a new liqueur founded on Grand Marnier's success. Navan launched in 2004 in the US, where it is distributed by Moet Hennessy USA. It is also available in Canada and the Caribbean. In 2008 Navan introduced a revised, less sweet formula, based on feedback from bartenders and chefs.
By 2010, the Lapostolle family ceased making Navan. After repackaging and tweaking the formula, Navan did not sell the way the family had hoped.

## Production

When creating Navan, more than 150 eaux-de-vie from 500 distilleries are blended. Natural vanilla from Madagascar is flown to France where it is blended with fine French cognac that has been aged for up to 10 years. Once blended, Navan ages an additional six months.
# A Briefer History of Time (Hawking and Mlodinow book)

A Briefer History of Time is a 2006 popular-science book by the English physicist Stephen Hawking and the American physicist Leonard Mlodinow.

## Overview

The book is an update and rewrite of Hawking's 1988 A Brief History of Time. In this book Hawking and Mlodinow present quantum mechanics, string theory, the big bang theory, and other topics in a more accessible fashion to the general public. The book is updated with newly discovered topics, and informs of recurring subjects throughout the book in greater detail.