# Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate

The Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate (CUSID generally) is the national organization which governs all English language competitive university debating and public speaking in Canada. It sanctions several official annual tournaments and represents Canadian debating domestically and abroad. Its membership consists of student debating unions, sanctioned by their respective universities, from across Canada. CUSID has been described as "a student-run, parliamentary debate league with close ties to the American Parliamentary Debate Association".
Many prominent Canadians were university debaters, including Prime Ministers Justin Trudeau, Joe Clark and Brian Mulroney, MP John Godfrey, Canadian Supreme Court justices Ian Binnie and Morris Fish, songwriter Leonard Cohen, entrepreneur Moses Znaimer, environmentalist David Suzuki, and journalist Ian Hanomansing. CUSID debaters have gone on to notable careers in law, business, government and academia and the presidency of the organization is a highly sought-after position.

## History

CUSID was officially founded in 1978, although it held its first annual tournament in 1977. The regular tournaments held under its auspices, such as those at the University of Toronto, McGill University, the University of Western Ontario, Queen's University, and the University of Ottawa predate CUSID's formation by many decades.
Founded as a national organization with strong central Canadian region roots, over the years, individual regional differences—particularly the separate identities of "CUSID East" and "CUSID West"—have become more pronounced. One of its primary functions is facilitating communications between its members institutions. Until the late 2000s, those communications have been primarily through their online forum, CUSIDnet, first set up in 1994, as the first online student debating forum in the world. More recently, communications are conducted through social media platforms such as Facebook.
Annual intervarsity tournaments held in Canada include the McGill University Winter Carnival, the Queen's University Chancellor's Cup and Sutherland IV, the Carleton University Lord Dorchester Cup, the University of Toronto Hart House IV, the University of Ottawa Father Guindon Cup, and the Wilfrid Laurier University/University of Waterloo Seagram's IV.
The inaugural British Parliamentary National Championship (now known as the Canadian Universities Debating Championship) was hosted in 2004 at the University of Toronto. Unlike other CUSID title tournaments, participants do not need to be a member of a CUSID institution in order to take part. This leads to the tournament to often be attended by American and other international teams.
In 2020, for the first time in history, the society was forced to cancel its Canadian Parliamentary National Debating Championship due to the risk presented by COVID-19. Other tournaments affected included Carleton's Lord Dorchester Cup, the North American Womxn and Gender Minorities Debating Championship and numerous American tournaments. In July 2020, the National Championship was revived by hosting an online iteration organized by the year's original host institution, the University of Calgary Debate Society. Due to continued pandemic restrictions, the entirety of the 2020–2021 season was also held online.
In 2020 CUSID voted to end the long-standing tradition to not allow hybrid teams (teams representing two different institutions) at Canadian Parliamentary Nationals, the Central Canadian Debating Championship, the Atlantic Canadian Debating Championship and the Western Canadian Debating Championship. This aligned them with the society's British Parliamentary Championship, which has always allowed such teams.
In 2024, the British Parliamentary National Championship was renamed to the Canadian Universities Debating Championship (CUDC). The inaugural CUDC, organized by the University of Waterloo, brought together 61 teams from 16 universities across 7 provinces, exceeding pre-pandemic participation levels.

## Organization

CUSID is subdivided into three regional bodies, representing each region of Canada:
* CUSID Central, for Ontario and Quebec, which sponsors the Central Canadian Debating Championship (Léger Cup)
* CUSID East, for the Atlantic Provinces, which sponsors the Atlantic Canadian Debating Championship
* CUSID West, for the Western Provinces, Territories, and the U.S. state of Alaska, which sponsors the Western Canadian Debating Championship (McGoun Cup)
CUSID nationally and internationally sanctions several official championship tournaments, including:
* Canadian Parliamentary National Debating Championship
* British Parliamentary Debating Championship (typically called BP Champs)
* Central Canadian Debating Championship (the Léger Cup)
* Western Canadian Debating Championship (the McGoun Cup)
* Atlantic Canadian Debating Championship
* North American Debating Championship (with the American Parliamentary Debate Association)
* North American University Debating Championship
* World Universities Debating Championship (with other national debate organizations)
The president of CUSID is the head of the organization and leads an elected executive team of six national and regional officers. They also represents CUSID and Canadian debating interests inside and outside of Canada, and is the Canadian representative on the World Universities Debating Council. They are elected annually by the member institutions at the National Championships.
There have been seven CUSID Presidents who have won either of the National Championships during their term as President: Jason Brent (1992), Gerald Butts (1993), Robert Silver (2000), Vinay Mysore (2010), Louis Tsilivis (2013), Harar Hall (2019), and Daniel Svirsky (2023, 2024).

### Notable Presidents of CUSID

* Matthew Mendelsohn (1986–1988)
* Todd Swift (1988–1989)
* Gerald Butts (1992–1993)
* Shuman Ghosemajumder (1994–1995)

## Formats
### Canadian Parliamentary

Many CUSID tournaments are held in the Canadian Parliamentary Style of debate. This style emphasizes argumentation and rhetoric, rather than research and detailed factual knowledge. Each round consists of two teams – the government team and the opposition team – each of which consists of two debaters. Teams alternate between government and opposition at tournaments. The speaking times in CUSID Central and East are:
* Prime Minister Constructive (PMC): 7 minutes
* Member of Opposition (MO): 7 minutes
* Minister of the Crown (MC): 7 minutes
* Leader of Opposition (LO): 10 minutes
* Prime Minister Rebuttal (PMR): 3 minutes
There are also alternative timings that may be used in other competitions. For example, the Canadian Student Debating Federation's (CSDF) 2011 Rules for Debate outlined 8 minutes each for the MO, MC and LO, as well as 5 minutes for PMC and 3 minutes for PMR. Additionally, a new modification to the prior CUSID Central and East times was introduced at the 2003 McGill University Winter Carnival Invitational called the Prime Minister's Rebuttal Extension (PMRE). The PMRE allows the government team the option to take a 6-minute PMC and 4-minute PMR and was designed to help compensate for the alleged inherent advantage to the opposition side. In most rounds, the resolution is "squirrelable", meaning that the government team can propose any topic it wants for debate. The PMC lays out the topic for debate and presents arguments in favor of its position. The opposition team must then immediately present opposing arguments. New arguments can be presented in the first four speeches; they are prohibited in the rebuttal speeches. In the early 2010s the "opposition choice" option was introduced. Rather than presenting the motion as it stands, the Prime Minister lays out the topic and the opposite bench has the option of choosing which side of the motion they would prefer.
"Points of information" are generally permitted and expected in the standard Canadian Parliamentary style. With POIs, debaters may rise and attempt to ask a question of an opposing debater, who can choose whether to accept or refuse the question. It is generally considered good form to accept at least a few questions during a speech.

### British Parliamentary

Tournaments are otherwise held in British Parliamentary, sometimes known as WUDC style. Presently, all tournaments for the first semester of the academic year, September–December, use British Parliamentary as the format. This is for teams to prepare for the World University Debating Championship which occurs over New Year's each year. Since its introduction, British Parliamentary has become the more competitive of the two formats, largely because it is the format used for international competition.

## Canadian Parliamentary National Championships

| Year | Host | Winner | Team | Top Debater | Team | Public Speaking Champion | Team |
| 2025 | Carleton | Jacob Silcoff & Patrick Cowley | Hybrid McGill/Toronto | Patrick Cowley | Toronto | Uncontested | N/A |
| 2024 | Toronto | Diggory Waddle & Daniel Svirsky | Hybrid Western/Independent | Jacob Silcoff | McGill | Rhys Nickerson | McGill |
| 2023 | SMU | Diggory Waddle & Nicholas Abernethy | Queen's | Nicholas Abernethy | Queen's | Alison Uppal | Dalhousie |
| 2022 | Queen's | Jun Kim & Ethan Curry | Western | Abigail Conrad | UBC | Abigail Conrad | UBC |
| 2021 | Ottawa | Navin Kariyawasam & Eric Zhao | Toronto | Sarah Zamponi | UBC | Emily Xie | Western |
| 2020 | Calgary | Deborah Wong & Dhananjay Ashok | Toronto | Jacob Silcoff | McGill | Emily Xie | Western |
| 2019 | Western | Harar Hall & Isaac Botham | Carleton | Harar Hall | Carleton | Uman Tamann | McGill |
| 2018 | Queen's | William Onyeaju & Cole Bricker | Osgoode | Kiana Saint-Macary | McGill | Jacob Silcoff | McGill |
| 2017 | McGill | Betsy Studholme & Ksenia Podvoiskaia | Queen's | Ryan Howson | Western | Cassandra Cervi | Western |
| 2016 | Alberta | Mitchell Dorbyk & Tavish Logan | Queen's | Mitchell Dorbyk | Queen's | Janel Comeau | Alberta |
| 2015 | McGill | Sam Greene & Joe McGrade | Toronto | Julia Kirby | Queen's | Carmen Reilly | Toronto |
| 2014 | Dalhousie | Julia Kirby & Michelle Polster | Queen's | Veenu Goswami | Toronto | Daniel Milton | McGill |
| 2013 | UBC | Veenu Goswami & Louis Tsilivis | Toronto | Veenu Goswami | Toronto | Travis Gritter | UBC |
| 2012 | Osgoode | Anisah Hassan & Joshua Stark | Toronto | Deirdre Casey | Toronto | Alex Amar | McGill |
| 2011 | Western | Steven Penner & George Trotter | Toronto | George Trotter | Toronto | Husein Panju | Queen's |
| 2010 | Alberta | Sophie McIntyre & Vinay Mysore | McGill | Sean Stefanik | McGill | Christopher McMillan | Calgary |
| 2009 | USask | Richard Lizius & Paul-Erik Veel | Toronto | Richard Lizius | Toronto | Dan Powell | RMC |
| 2008 | Dalhousie | Monica Ferris & Jon Laxer | Toronto | Richard Lizius | Toronto | Vinay Mysore | McGill |
| 2007 | Queen's | Adrienne Lipsey & Richard Lizius | Toronto | Mike Jancik & Jason Rogers | McGill | Leon Grek | McGill |
| 2006 | Carleton | Ian Freeman & Gaurav Toshniwal | Toronto | Laura Kusisto | Queen's | Jason Rogers | McGill |
| 2005 | Alberta | Rahool Agarwal & Michael Kotrly | Toronto | James Renihan | Toronto | Ian Freeman | Toronto |
| 2004 | McGill | Emily Cohen & Omar Fairclough | York | Kevin Massie | Queen's | Marc Laferriere | Ottawa |
| 2003 | Dalhousie | Greg Allen & Rahim Moloo | UBC | Kevin Massie | UBC | Emma Lowman | McMaster |
| 2002 | UBC | Rory McKeown & Aaron Rousseau | Toronto | Nicola Matthews | Queen's | Michael Meeuwis | Toronto |
| 2001 | York | Nicola Matthews & Mike Podgorski | Queen's | Michael Meeuwis | Toronto | John Whelan | Memorial University |
| 2000 | Memorial | Ranjan Agarwal & Robert Silver | Ottawa | Robert Silver | Ottawa | Andrew Zadel | McGill |
| 1999 | Western | Sacha Bhatia & Dena Varah | McGill | Nathan MacDonald | Guelph | Duncan Retson | Acadia |
| 1998 | Alberta | Jacob Glick & Grant Yiu | Toronto | Mike Shore | Toronto | Melanie Marshall | Ryerson |
| 1997 | Dalhousie | Brent Patterson & Robert Silver | Western | Casey Halladay | Western | Marc Field | Memorial |
| 1996 | Ottawa | Allen Middlebro & Jordan Tan | Carleton | Ron Guirguis | Guelph | James Clitheroe | Carleton |
| 1995 | Bishop's | Randy Cass & Frank Cesario | Toronto | Randy Cass | Toronto | John Bielby | Concordia |
| 1994 | York | Peter Balasubramanian & Gerald Butts | McGill | David Orr | Western | Awi Sinha | Ottawa |
| 1993 | Guelph | Peter Balasubramanian & Gerald Butts | McGill | John Haffner | Dalhousie | Marc Weber | Waterloo |
| 1992 | Western | Jason Brent & Tom Meehan | Toronto | Marc Givens | Queen's | Marc Weber | Waterloo |
| 1991 | Coast Guard | Jason Brent & Tom Meehan | Toronto | Kevin Whitehouse | Ottawa | James Rocchi | Western |
| 1990 | RMC | Tim Daley & Laura Stewart | Dalhousie | Chris Wayland | McGill | Steven Johnson | McGill |
| 1989 | Queen's | Judy Hearn & Stephen Pitel | Carleton | Justin MacGregor | Toronto | Justin MacGregor | Toronto |
| 1988 | Waterloo | Diane Brady & Paul Paton | Toronto | Mark McKeegan | Carleton | Chris Chandler | McGill |
| 1987 | Memorial | Matt Colledge & Neil Steinman | Queen's | Matthew Mendelsohn | McGill | Mark McKeegan | Carleton |
| 1986 | UBC | Ian Hanomansing & Cyril Johnston | Dalhousie | Ian Hanomansing | Dalhousie | Ian Hanomansing | Dalhousie |
| 1985 | Concordia | Doug Cooper & Paul Cooper | Toronto | Ian Hanomansing | Dalhousie | Ian Hanomansing | Dalhousie |
| 1984 | Dalhousie | John Duffy & Jeff Nankivell | Toronto | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1983 | Victoria | Gary Boyd & Michael McCulloch | Ottawa | Ian Hanomansing | Mount Allison | ? | ? |
| 1982 | RMC | Dale Darling & Gwynneth Jones | Queen's | Tom Gough | Toronto | Sean May | Ottawa |
| 1981 | Dalhousie | Charlie Lavergne & Joe Pollender | McGill | Joe Pollender | McGill | ? | ? |
| 1980 | Alberta | Gary Boyd & Michael McCulloch | Ottawa | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1979 | Queen's | Thomas Gough & Michael McCulloch | Toronto | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1978 | Ottawa | Fred McMahon & Oscar Mullerbeck | McGill | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Canadian Parliamentary National Debating Championship By Institution
| Institution | Championship Wins | Top Speakers | Public Speaking Wins | Years Hosted | Last Championship Win |
| Toronto | 21 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 2025 |
| Queen's | 7 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 2023 |
| McGill | 7 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 2025 |
| Carleton | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2019 |
| Ottawa | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2008 |
| Dalhousie | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1990 |
| Western | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2022 |
| Osgoode | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2018 |
| UBC | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2003 |
| York | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2004 |
| Acadia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - |
| Alberta | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | - |
| Bishop's | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - |
| Calgary | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Coast Guard | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - |
| Concordia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Guelph | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | - |
| McMaster | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - |
| Memorial | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | - |
| Mount Allison | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - |
| RMC | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | - |
| TMU | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - |
| SMU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - |
| USask | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - |
| Victoria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - |
| Waterloo | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | - |

## Canadian Universities Debating Championships (formerly British Parliamentary National Championships)

| Year | Host | Winner | Team | Top Speaker | Team | Top Novice Speaker | Team |
| 2024 | Waterloo | Rhys Nickerson & Reana Yan | Independent | Reana Yan | Independent | Edward Wang | Western |
| 2023 | Calgary | Daniel Svirsky & Nicholas Abernethy | Hybrid Western-Queens | Nicholas Abernethy | Queens | Hao Ni | Western |
| 2022 | Carleton | Micaela Lewis & Jacob Silcoff | McGill | Rhys Nickerson | McGill | Alex Logan | Western |
| 2021 | Alberta | Daniel Svirsky & Kate Xinyi He | Hybrid Western-Dalhousie | Diggory Waddle | Queens | Eamon Roach | Toronto |
| 2020 | Carleton | Matthew Farrell & Max Rosen | McGill | Ruth Silcoff | McGill | Gabrielle Wong | SFU |
| 2019 | McGill | Ethan Curry & Addy Rawat | Hybrid Western-Queens | Navin Kariyawasam | Toronto | Joshua Cohen | Dawson |
| 2018 | Carleton | Kiana Saint-Macary & Ahmad Nehme | Hybrid McGill-Montreal | Kiana Saint-Macary | McGill | Dhananjay Ashok | Toronto |
| 2017 | McGill | Connor Ahluwalia & Matthew Gallagher | Carleton | Sarah Millman | Toronto | Armin Safavi | Toronto |
| 2016 | UBC | Kiana Saint-Macary & Alexander Beaumont | McGill | Jason Xiao | Independent | Jayun Bae | Toronto |
| 2015 | York | Julia Kirby & Julia Milden | Queens | Aislin Flynn | Toronto | Jason Xiao | UBC |
| 2014 | Western | Aislin Flynn & Sean Husband | Toronto | Daniel Milton | McGill | Julia Milden | Queens |
| 2013 | McMaster | Sarah Balakrishnan & Cole Bricker | McGill | Brent Schmidt | Western | Brittany Haughey | Carleton |
| 2012 | Victoria | Bhuvana Sankar & Pardeep Dhaliwal | Hybrid Toronto-Calgary | Robert Lees-Miller | Alberta | Chardaye Bueckert | SFU |
| 2011 | Laurier | Josh Stark & Veenu Goswami | Toronto | Steven Penner & Veenu Goswami (Tie) | Toronto | Lyle Dobbin | McGill |
| 2010 | Dalhousie | Sam Greene & Steven Penner | Toronto | Brent Kettles | Toronto | Ted Mateoc | McGill |
| 2009 | UBC | Richard Lizius & Ian Freeman | Toronto | Michael Imeson | Alaska | | |
| 2008 | Queen's | Richard Lizius & Ian Freeman | Toronto | Richard Lizius | Toronto | Sean Husband | McGill |
| 2007 | Alberta | Adam Coombs & Garnett Genuis | Carleton | Ian Freeman | Toronto | George Trotter | Toronto |
| 2006 | Toronto | Derek Lande & David Denton | Hybrid University College Cork-Yale | Ben Eidelson | Yale | Sophie MacIntyre | McGill |
| 2005 | UBC | Rory McKeown & Gaurav Toshniwal | Toronto | James Renihan | Toronto | | |
| 2004 | Toronto | Gordon Shotwell & Jess Prince | McGill | Rory Gillis | Yale | Luke Champlin | Colgate |

## Related

* : Cambridge Union Society
* : Oxford Union Society
* : The Durham Union Society
* : London School of Economics, Grimshaw International Relations Club
* : Yale Debate Association
* : Berkeley Forum
* : Studentenforum im Tönissteiner Kreis
* : Olivaint Conference of Belgium
* : Ligue de débat universitaire et collégiale
* : University of Western Ontario Debate Society