OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Barsoi Junction railway station

Barsoi Junction railway station serves Barsoi town and katihar city in Katihar district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is a major and very important railway station having stoppages of premium trains like Howrah–New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat Express and New Jalpaiguri–Howrah Shatabdi Express.

## History

Assam Behar State Railway extended the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)-wide metre-gauge railway from Parbatipur, now in Bangladesh, to Katihar in 1889. The connection was truncated with the partition of India in 1947, and the line now runs up to Radhikapur, near the Bangladesh border.
In 1948–50, as a part of the Assam Rail Link project, the Fakiragram–Kishanganj sector was connected to the North Eastern Railway network at Barsoi. The railway lines in the area started being converted to 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge from the early 1960s.

## Amenities

Barsoi railway station has a four-bedded retiring room.

## Trains

Following major trains are available from Barsoi Junction railway station:
* Howrah–New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat Express
* New Jalpaiguri–Howrah Shatabdi Express
* Kamakhya–SMVT Bengaluru AC Superfast Express
* Kamakhya - Ranchi Express
* New Jalpaiguri - Chennai Superfast Express
* Kamakhya - Delhi Brahmaputra Mail
* New Tinsukia - Chennai Tambaram Express
* Silghat Town - Chennai Tambaram Nagaon Express
* Silchar–Secunderabad Express
* Dibrugarh - Mumbai LTT Express
* Sealdah - Alipurduar Kanchan Kanya Express
* Kolkata–Radhikapur Express
* New Jalpaiguri - Digha Paharia Express
* Kamakhya–Anand Vihar Terminal North East Express
* Kamakhya - Udaipur City Kavi Guru Express
* Howrah - Radhikapur Kulik Express
* Siliguri Town - Jogbani Intercity Express
* Siliguri Junction - Katihar Intercity Express
* Siliguri Junction - Balurghat Intercity Express
* Dibrugarh - Lalgarh Avadh Assam Express
* New Jalpaiguri-Rajendra Nagar Capital Express
* Kamakhya - Rajendra Nagar Capital Express
* New Jalpaiguri–Malda Town Express
* Sealdah–Sabroom Kanchanjunga Express
* Sealdah–Silchar Kanchanjungha Express
* New Jalpaiguri–Amritsar Karmabhoomi Express
* Kamakhya - Puri Express
* Alipurduar - Delhi Sikkim Mahananda Express
* Guwahati - SMVT Bengaluru Kaziranga Superfast Express
* Sealdah - New Alipurduar Teesta Torsha Express
* Siliguri - Radhikapur Express
* Guwahati - Okha Dwarka Express
* Kamakhya–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Express
* Dibrugarh - Deogarh Express
* Kishanganj–Ajmer Garib Nawaz Express
# Wanda Beach

Wanda Beach or Wanda is the northernmost patrolled beach at Bate Bay in Cronulla, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Green Hills or Green Hills Ridge is the name given to the Cronulla sand dunes, just north of Wanda.

## History

The original inhabitants of the land were the Gweagal Aborigines who were a clan of the Tharawal (or Dharawal) tribe of Indigenous Australians. They are the traditional custodians of the southern geographic areas of Sydney. Wanda is an Aboriginal word for beach or sand hills.
The Wanda Surf Lifesaving Club was established in 1946 after World War II by a group of men who banded together, as they did in warfare, to patrol the beaches. The colours of Army red, Air Force blue, and Navy blue were adopted as the club colours. The club, located on Marine Esplanade, has grown in size to its current membership of over 900 male and female members, ranging in age from five-year-old Nippers to the original Founding Members. The primary objective of the club is to patrol the beach in an effort to ensure the safety of the surfing public but it is also actively involved in the competition arena, with excellent performances at State and National Competitions. A number of social activities are organised throughout the year to bring together members from all sections of the club.
In 1965 the beach became notorious after the Wanda Beach Murders.

## Gallery

* Aerial view
* Wanda Beach
* Wanda Beach Tower
* Wanda Beach
* Wanda Beach
# Júlia Székely

Júlia Székely (Budapest, 8 May 1906 – 19 March 1986) was a Hungarian writer and musician.
She studied with the composer Béla Bartók, eventually becoming a pianist. She is also the author of biographies (especially of famous musicians), novels and dramas.

## Works

* A repülő egér (1939): novel
* A halhatatlan kedves (1961): biography of composer Ludwig van Beethoven
* Vándor Évek (1962): biography of composer Franz Liszt
* Elindultam szép hazámból (1965) : biography of Béla Bartók
* Schubertiáda (1968) : biography of composer Franz Schubert
* Chopin Párizsban (1969) : biography of composer Frédéric Chopin

## Sources

* Biographical note on the electronic Lexikon website: https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204636/http://www.netlexikon.hu/yrk/Ryrgenwm/14441 (hu)
* This article about a Hungarian writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Vânia Dantas Leite

Vania Dantas Leite (13 August 1945 – 10 August 2018) was a Brazilian composer, pianist, electronic musician, conductor and music educator.

## Life

Vania Dantas Leite was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and studied composition with Frederico Egger and piano with Zila de M. Brito at the Escola Nacional de Musica. In 1974 she began to study electronic music and purchased equipment from Electronic Music Studio in London. She established a private laboratory in Rio de Janeiro and began to participate in European and American festivals as a composer of electronic music.
In 1981 she took a teaching position at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, where she founded and served as director of the Studio for Electroacoustic Music of the Villa-Lobos Institute (SE-FIR).

## Honors and awards

* 1972: 1st place National Composition Contest
* 1973: 3rd place International Conducting Competition
* 1996: Rio de Janeiro RJ - Award Scholarship Program

## Works

Selected works include:
* Jur-A-Amo?
* Caleidocosmos
* Canto de Orfeo
* Cycles
* Di-stances
* Fantasy of Brazil - Eguns?
* Fantasy of Brazil - Osanyin?
* Karisma
* L'Indien et l'Owino
* Orpheus Forest
* Spectral Landscapes
* Palavrasons
* Piano Memory
* Sforzato / Piano
* I want you Green
* Vita Vitae
* ((X))
* ((Y))
* Harmony of Spaces
# The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner

"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner" is a five-line poem by Randall Jarrell published in 1945. The poem is about the death of a gunner in a Sperry ball turret on a World War II American bomber aircraft.
   From my mother's sleep I fell into the State, And I hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze. Six miles from earth, loosed from its dream of life, I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters. When I died they washed me out of the turret with a hose.
Jarrell, who served in the Army Air Forces, provided the following explanatory note:
   A ball turret was a Plexiglas sphere set into the belly of a B-17, B-24, B-25, B-32 and inhabited by two .50 caliber machine guns and one man, a short small man. When this gunner tracked with his machine guns a fighter attacking his bomber from below, he revolved with the turret; hunched upside-down in his little sphere, he looked like the fetus in the womb. The fighters which attacked him were armed with cannon firing explosive shells. The hose was a steam hose.
Technical/Historical Note: Of these aircraft, only the B-17 and B-24 had ball turrets. Neither the B-25 nor B-32 had them (see cross reference), although attempts were made with the B-32 whose cabin was pressurized like the B-29, and defensive armaments were remote controlled or used periscopes.

## Public reception

Reviewer Leven M. Dawson says that "The theme of Randall Jarrell's 'The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner' is that institutionalized violence, or war, creates moral paradox, a condition in which acts repugnant to human nature become appropriate." Most commentators agree, calling the poem a condemnation of the dehumanizing powers of "the State", which are most graphically exhibited by the violence of war.
Due partly to its short length, "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner" poem has been widely anthologized. In fact, Jarrell came to fear that his reputation would come to rest on it alone.
The poem inspired the play "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner" by Anna Moench, which premiered in New York City at the New York International Fringe Festival in August 2008 and was extended to play at The Space in Long Island City. A nod to the poem can also be found in John Irving's 1978 novel The World According to Garp, in which the protagonist's father died from a "rather careless lobotomy" by enemy gunfire while serving as a ball-turret gunner in World War II.
# Kojic acid

Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOCH$_2$C$_5$H$_2$O$_2$OH. It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae, which has the Japanese common name koji. Kojic acid is a by-product in the fermentation process of malting rice, for use in the manufacturing of sake, the Japanese rice wine. It is a mild inhibitor of the formation of pigment in plant and animal tissues, and is used in food and cosmetics to preserve or change colors of substances. It forms a bright red complex with ferric ions.

## Biosynthesis

$^{13}$C-Labeling studies have revealed at least two pathways to kojic acid. In the usual route, dehydratase enzymes convert glucose to kojic acid. Pentoses are also viable precursors in which case dihydroxyacetone is invoked as an intermediate.

## Applications

Kojic acid may be used on cut fruits to prevent oxidative browning, in seafood to preserve pink and red colors, and in cosmetics to lighten skin. As an example of the latter, it is used to treat skin diseases like melasma. Kojic acid also has antibacterial and antifungal properties.

## Chemical reactions

Deprotonation of the ring-OH group converts kojic acid to kojate. Kojate chelates to iron(III), forming a red complex Fe(HOCH$_2$C$_5$OH$_2$O$_2$)$_3$. This kind of reaction may be the basis of the biological function of kojic acid, that is, to solubilize ferric iron.
Being a multifunctional molecule, kojic acid has diverse organic chemistry. The hydroxymethyl group gives the chloromethyl derivative upon treatment with thionyl chloride.

## Safety

Kojic acid may be weakly carcinogenic, according to some animal studies. It is not believed to reach carcinogenic thresholds in human skin, and is demonstrably safe at the level used in cosmetics.
# IEM

IEM can refer to:
* I.E.M. (album)
* Inborn error of metabolism
* In-ear monitors, devices used by musicians, audio engineers and audiophiles to listen to music
* Incredible Expanding Mindfuck (Music)
* Information Engineering Methodology
* Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics (Institut für Elektronische Musik und Akustik), part of the University of Music and Performing Arts, Graz
* Institute of Engineering and Management
* Integrated Enterprise Modeling
* Institute of Engineering in Medicine, part of the University of California, San Diego
* Institute for Experimental Mathematics, a central scientific facility of the University of Duisburg-Essen
* Intel Extreme Masters, a series of international esports tournaments
* International emergency medicine
* Internet Explorer Mobile
* Ion evaporation model, a model explaining electrospray ionization in mass spectrometry
* Iowa Electronic Markets
* Internal Energy Market, of the European Union
# Emma Neale

Emma Neale (born 2 January 1969) is a novelist and poet from New Zealand.

## Background

Neale was born in Dunedin and grew up in Christchurch, San Diego, and Wellington. She received her undergraduate degree from Victoria University of Wellington and was awarded an MA and PhD from University College London. Following her graduation she returned to New Zealand to work for Longacre Press, working for ten years as editor then senior editor.

## Works

Neale's first work was published in 1998 and her writing has been featured extensively in magazines, newspapers and journals, and several anthologies.

### Novels

* Night Swimming (Penguin Random House, 1998)
* Little Moon (Random House, 2001)
* Double Take (Random House, 2003)
* Relative Strangers (Vintage, 2006)
* Fosterling (Vintage, 2011)
* Billy Bird (Penguin Random House, 2016)

### Poetry

* Sleeve-Notes (Random House, 1999)
* How to Make a Million (Godwit, 2002)
* Spark (Steele Roberts, 2008)
* The Truth Garden (Otago University Press, 2012)
* Tender Machines (Otago University Press, 2015)
* To the Occupant (Otago University Press, 2019)
* Liar, Liar, Lick, Spit (Otago University Press, 2024)
* Poems included in the Best New Zealand Poems series (2002, 2007, 2009 & 2014)

### Editorial

Neale has served as editor for:
* Creative Juices (Flamingo, 2003)
* Best New Zealand Poems (Victoria University of Wellington, 2004)
* Swings and Roundabouts (Godwit, 2008)
* Manifesto Aotearoa: 101 Political Poems (Otago University Press, 2017)
In October, 2017, Neale was appointed editor of Landfall, a literary journal published by Otago University Press.

## Awards

Neale's work has been awarded and nominated for several literary prizes including:
* Ockham New Zealand Book Awardsf, Mary and Peter Biggs Award for Poetry, (2025) finalist for Liar, Liar, Lick, Spit
* Ockham New Zealand Book Awards, Acorn Foundation Fiction Prize (2017) shortlisted for Billy Bird
* Ockham New Zealand Book Awards (2016) longlisted for Tender Machines
* Sarah Broom Poetry Prize (2014), poetry included in the shortlist
* Sir Julius Vogel Award youth category (2011) shortlisted for Fosterling
* Kathleen Grattan Award for poetry (2011) awarded to The Truth Garden
* Takahe Poetry Competition (2008), first place for the poem 'Well'
* NZSA Janet Frame Memorial Award for Literature (2008)

### Residencies and fellowships

In 2012, she was awarded the Robert Burns Fellowship, a literary residency at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. She has also been awarded the Todd/Creative New Zealand New Writers Bursary (2000), the Peter & Dianne Beatson Fellowship (2014), and was a University of Otago/Sir James Wallace Pah Homestead Fellow.

## Personal

She is a daughter of writer Barbara Else and her first husband James Neale.
# William D. Johnson (CEO)

William Dean "Bill" Johnson (born January 9, 1954) is an American attorney and businessman. He is a retired president and CEO of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, as of June 2020.

## Early life

Bill Johnson was born on January 9, 1954. He played football, basketball and track at Kane Area High School in Kane, Pennsylvania and was class president three years at Kane Area High School in Kane, Pennsylvania. He was a pre-med student at Pennsylvania State University and was a backup center for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team in 1972 and 1973. He did not earn a degree from Penn State, but later graduated from Duke University summa cum laude with a bachelor's degree in history and obtained a J.D. degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1982.

## Career

After graduating, he served as a law clerk on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He later worked as a partner in the Raleigh, North Carolina office of Hunton & Williams.
He joined Progress Energy forerunner Carolina Power & Light in 1995. He became president of Progress Energy in 2005, and chairman and CEO in 2007. He remained the chairman, president, and CEO of Progress Energy until the company was bought by Duke Energy, in 2012.
Per the merger agreement between Progress and Duke, he was slated to become CEO of the new combined company. Within an hour after the merger closed, he was removed as CEO by the new board, the majority of whom were legacy Duke Energy board members. The Los Angeles Times estimated that Johnson received $44 million as severance pay.
He next served the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for six years before announcing plans to retire, in November 2018, amid some controversy. At their February 2019 meeting, the TVA board of directors announced their selection of Jeffrey Lyash to replace Johnson, effective April 2019. Lyash came to TVA from Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPG).
On April 3, 2019, Johnson was announced as the new president and CEO of PG&E Corporation,
replacing interim CEO John Simon, and garnering "more than twice the base salary" of his predecessor, Geisha Williams.
On April 22, 2020, it was publicly announced that Johnson would be retiring from PG&E.
On June 16 2020, PG&E pled guilty in court to 84 felony counts of involuntary manslaughter, as PG&E's equipment was the cause of the 2018 Camp Fire in California. No individual PG&E management person or other employee was held criminally liable. Johnson was hired subsequent to the fire and led the effort to resolve issues which the fire had created.
# Descamps v. United States

Descamps v. United States, 570 U.S. 254 (2013), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court clarified standards for evaluating potential prior offenses under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA). In an 8–1 decision written by Justice Elena Kagan, the Supreme Court held that judges may only look at the statutory elements of a crime, rather than the facts associated with that particular crime, "when the crime of which the defendant was convicted has a single, indivisible set of elements." In his review of the case for SCOTUSblog, Daniel Richman opined that following the Court's decision, "[w]hether or not a prior conviction is going to 'count' will have to be determined as mechanically as possible."
# Battle of Pelusium (373 BC)

The Battle of Pelusium (373 BC) or the Battle of Mendes took place after the Persian king Artaxerxes II launched an attack on Egypt with the aim of restoring Egypt to Persian rule. The campaign failed, and ended with the defeat of the Persians and their Greek mercenaries.

## Background

In 525 BC, a Persian force led by Cambyses II invaded Egypt. This force was able to enter Memphis, but could not control all of Egypt. So Cambyses II sent his forces to occupy Siwa Oasis. This force became known as the Lost Army of Cambyses. Cambyses was also unable to occupy much of Upper Egypt and Nubia. Over time, the Persians gained control of most of the populated regions with Egypt effectively becoming a Persian satrapy. This situation lasted until 404 BC when an Egyptian uprising, led by an Egyptian prince called Amyrtaeus was able to achieve independence. However, the native rulers were generally weak leading to disputes between royal princes. Nectanebo I became the first king of the 30th dynasty, after he was able to wrest the Egyptian throne from the last king of the 29th dynasty (Nepherites II). In the meantime, the Persians sought to reconquer Egypt. They tried to invade Egypt in 385 BC and again in 383 BC, but failed. The Persian King Artaxerxes was aware of the turmoil in Egypt between royal family members, so planned another invasion aimed at restoring Egypt to Persian rule. As part of that plan, Artaxerxes concluded a peace treaty with the Athenians. Under this treaty, Egypt lost a valuable ally.
After King Artaxerxes concluded his peace treaty with the Athenians, the Persians gathered a large fleet of 500 ships in Phoenician ports and at Acre, including many Greek mercenaries. In 373 BC, the Persian force of 220,000 soldiers led by the Athenian general Iphicrates and the Persian satrap Pharnabazus then sailed and marched to Gaza.

## The battle

The Persians marched from Gaza to Pelusium (Port Said) and attacked the town. However, the Egyptians succeeded in defending the town. Fortifications on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile ordered by Nectanebo forced the enemy fleet to seek another way to sail up the Nile. Eventually the fleet managed to find its way up the less-defended Mendesian branch. However, the mutual distrust that had arisen between Iphicrates and Pharnabazus prevented the enemy from reaching Memphis. Nectanebo I then took advantage of the annual Nile floods to counter-attack. The flooding of the Nile and the Egyptian defenders' resolve to defend their territory hindered the movement of the Persians and Greeks forces and they were defeated and withdrew from Egypt.
# National Institute of Agricultural Botany

The National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB) is a plant science research company based in Cambridge, UK.

## NIAB group

The NIAB group consists of:
* NIAB
* NIAB EMR – a horticultural and agricultural research institute at East Malling, Kent, with a specialism in fruit and clonally propagated crop production. Joined the NIAB Group in 2016.
* NIAB CUF – a potato agronomy unit. Joined the NIAB Group in 2013.
* NIAB TAG – the arable group that joined in 2009
* BCPC – promotes the use of science and technology in the understanding and application of effective, sustainable crop production. Acquired by NIAB in 2018.

## History

NIAB was founded in 1919 by Sir Lawrence Weaver. The original Huntingdon Road headquarters building was opened in 1921, by King George V and Queen Mary.

## Regional centres

NIAB operates 10 regional centres throughout England:
* Cambridge
* Morley (Norfolk)
* East Malling (Kent)
* Sutton Scotney (Hampshire)
* Newton Abbot and Plumber Farm (Devon)
* Callow (Herefordshire)
* Telford (Shropshire),
* Benniworth and Kirton (Lincolnshire)
* Headley Hall (Tadcaster, Yorkshire)
* Dorset (South West)
* Cirencester (Gloucestershire)
# ForeFront Records

ForeFront Records is a contemporary Christian music and Christian rock record label founded in 1987 by Dan R. Brock, Eddie DeGarmo, Dana Key, and Ron W. Griffin. It was purchased by EMI in 1996 from Dan R. Brock and Eddie DeGarmo, and is a division of Universal Music Group under Capitol Christian Music Group.
In 1998, ForeFront released Ten: The Birthday Album, a two-CD compilation to celebrate their 10th anniversary that featured songs from several of their artists at the time with several song remakes of older songs performed by new bands.

## Artists
### Former

* Abandon (active, currently independent)
* Audio Adrenaline (also on Fair Trade Services) (disbanded)
* The Benjamin Gate (disbanded)
* Big Tent Revival (independent)
* Bleach (currently independent)
* Clear (disbanded)
* Code of Ethics (disbanded)
* Considering Lily (inactive)
* DeGarmo and Key (inactive)
* dc Talk (hiatus)
* Dizmas (hiatus)
* Eddie DeGarmo (inactive)
* End Time Warriors (E.T.W.) (inactive)
* Mark Farner (active)
* Grammatrain (inactive)
* Guardian (currently independent)
* Holy Soldier (inactive)
* Larry Howard
* Iona (active, on Open Sky Records)
* Karthi
* Kevin Max (active, currently independent)
* Dana Key (deceased)
* Lil iROCC (active, with Jus Rock Records)
* Geoff Moore (inactive, with Rocketown Records)
* The Normals (disbanded)
* PAX217 (disbanded)
* Philmont (disbanded)
* Raze (disbanded)
* Rebecca St. James (active, with Beach Street/Reunion Records)
* Satellite Soul (active, new single STATIC released in 2020)
* Serene and Pearl (changed name to Considering Lily, currently inactive)
* Seven Day Jesus (disbanded)
* Skillet (active, formerly on Ardent Records/ presently on Atlantic Records)
* Smalltown Poets (hiatus)
* Pete Stewart (active)
* Stacie Orrico (hiatus, currently independent/ (Red Light Management)
* TAIT (hiatus)
* This Beautiful Republic (disbanded)
# Jules Basile Onambele

Jules Basile Onambele (born 11 April 1982) is a Cameroonian former footballer who plays as a midfielder.
# Kevin McDaid

Kevin McDaid (born 7 March 1984) is a British singer. Born in North Shields in Newcastle upon Tyne, he spent part of his childhood in Nigeria. He was best known as member of the British boy band V, which he joined in 2003 along with four other boys. The band had three fairly successful chart hits during 2004, before splitting up in February 2005, less than a year after their first single was released.
He now works as a personal trainer.

## Personal life

In August 2005, he was announced in The Sun as the long-term boyfriend of Westlife member Mark Feehily. The couple appeared on the cover of the December 2007 issue of Attitude. They got engaged on 28 January 2010 but have since split up.