# Changsha Huanghua International Airport

Changsha Huanghua International Airport (IATA: CSX, ICAO: ZGHA) is an international airport serving Changsha, the capital of South Central China’s Hunan province, and the Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region comprising the nearby cities of Zhuzhou and Xiangtan.
As of 2021, it was one of the 50 busiest airports in the world, the 12th busiest civil airport in China, the second busiest in South Central China after Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and the busiest in Central China.
Located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from downtown Changsha in the town of Huanghua in Changsha County, the airport has two terminal buildings. The airport is managed by the Hunan Airport Authority, a publicly owned corporation managing all five airports in Hunan Province. Huanghua airport was opened in August 1989, replacing Changsha Datuopu Airport, which is now a military air base.

## History

From 1957 to 1989, Datuopu Airport served as a dual-use military and civil airport for Changsha. It was only capable of handling small aircraft and a few flights per day. The Hunan Provincial Government proposed the construction of a new airport in October 1984, which was approved by the State Council of China. Construction for Huanghua Airport began in June 1986, and it was opened on 29 August 1989, when all civil flights were transferred to the new airport, and Datuopu reverted to sole military use.
On 28 October 2000, the 34,000 m$^2$ (370,000 sq ft) Terminal 1-A, which cost 40.4 million CNY, was opened. The airport was capable of handling 4.6 million passengers per year. Afterwards, the construction of Terminal 1-B and Terminal 1-C were finished to ensure growing passengers and cargo.
The airport then went through a major expansion in 2008–2011, with lengthening of runway 18/36 from 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) to 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) and the addition of Terminal 2 which went into operation in 2011. The airport welcomed its first intercontinental destination when China Southern Airlines began service to Frankfurt, Germany on 23 June 2014.
The construction of the second runway was completed in November 2016. The new 3,800-by-60-metre (12,470 ft × 200 ft) Code-4F runway was built parallel to the current 18/36 runway and lies 380 metres (1,250 ft) to the east. The second runway officially came into use on 30 March 2017. The new runway means that Huanghua Airport is now ranked as a 4F, the highest level for an airport, and capable of accommodating wide-body aircraft such as the A380.
On 16 May 2018, the renovated Terminal 1 of the Changsha Huanghua International Airport resumed operation. The domestic flights operated by Air China, Shenzhen Airlines, Shandong Airlines, Chengdu Airlines, Kunming Airlines, Okay Airways, Joy Air, and Tibet Airlines arrive at T1.

## Terminals
### Terminal 1

Terminal 1, with 32,000 square metres (340,000 sq ft) of space, has three concourses (T1-A, T1-B and T1-c). It was opened in 2000, and the proposed capacity was 4.6 million passengers annually. Terminal 1 was closed for renovation from July 2011 to 17 May 2018 after Terminal 2 became fully operational.
Terminal 1 reopened on 18 May 2018. After renovation, Terminal 1 has 39,000 square metres (420,000 sq ft) of space, 38 check-in counters, 10 security lanes and 10 aerobridges. It has the capacity of six million passengers annually. Terminal 1 serves Air China, Chengdu Airlines, Joy Air, Okay Airways, Tibet Airlines, Shandong Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines and Kunming Airlines.
* Terminal 1 departure hall
* Terminal 1 and concourses

### Terminal 2

The inauguration of Terminal 2 was on 19 July 2011. With 212,000 m$^2$ (2,280,000 sq ft) of space, the new terminal is the fifth largest airport terminal in mainland China (after Beijing–Capital, Shanghai–Pudong, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen). The 39.9-metre (131 ft) tall main building of Terminal 2, being 672 metres (2,205 ft) in length and 168 metres (551 ft) in depth, is the largest single steel-truss structure in Hunan. The new terminal has 22 bridge gates, to which the longest passenger walking distance is within 300 metres (980 ft). With this new facility, the airport can handle 151,000 aircraft movements and another 15.6 million passengers every year. The peak hour volume of passengers is 3,940.
The departure hall has four automatic double-glass-door entrances which are directly facing check-in areas A, B, C, & D respectively. Entrances 1-3 are domestic entrances and Entrance 4 is for international, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan Departures, which will be checked in at Area D. Area A is the exclusive check-in area for China Southern Airlines. Areas B and C are domestic check-in areas for other airlines. The terminal has 80 check-in counters and 24 self-checkin kiosks, 24 security checkpoints and more than 6,390 seats.
The arrival hall is equipped with eight baggage carousels (six at domestic area and two at international area). The indoor parking garage P4, which has 693 parking spaces, is on floor B2. There are also three outdoor parking areas, P1, 2 and 3, which provide over 1000 parking spaces.
* Terminal 2 departure hall
* Terminal 2
* Maglev-Terminal corridor

## Short-term expansion

The airport is undergoing a major expansion eastwards. After the completion of the second runway, Terminal 3 and the east terminal area will be constructed on the east side of airport, with 500,000 m$^2$ (5,400,000 sq ft) of space. The airport will be capable of handling 60 million passengers annually and an annual cargo capacity of six million tons. The airport becomes a hub in Central China after this stage. A third runway of 3,600 by 45 metres (11,811 ft × 148 ft) in length and a GTC with 280,000 m$^2$ (3,000,000 sq ft) of space will also be constructed and ready for use in 2024.

## Long-term expansion

Terminal 4 is to be constructed on the north side of the East terminal area. The east terminal area, in which both Terminals 3&4 lie, is located between the second and third runways. At the final stage, the fourth parallel runway (3,600 metres [11,800 ft]) of 4E will be constructed 1,035 metres (3,396 ft) in the east of the third runway. Two tunnels connecting the west area (Terminal 1&2) and the east terminals (Terminal 3&4) are considered.
Changsha Huanghua Int'l airport will become a major hub in China which hosts a number of based airlines. The ultimate capacity of the airport will be 90 million passengers annually.

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger

| Airlines | Destinations |
| 9 Air | Haikou, Lanzhou |
| AirAsia X | Kuala Lumpur–International |
| Air China | Beijing–Capital, Beijing–Daxing, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Dalian, Jinan, Tianjin |
| Air Travel | Baoshan, Beijing–Daxing, Chengdu–Tianfu, Harbin, Jinan, Kunming, Lijiang, Mangshi, Nanchang, Quanzhou, Shenyang, Turpan, Wuxi, Xining, Yantai |
| Asiana Airlines | Seoul–Incheon |
| Batik Air Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur–International (begins 23 March 2025) |
| Beijing Capital Airlines | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Daxing, Changchun, Haikou, Harbin, Lijiang, Qingdao, Sanya, Shenyang |
| Cambodia Airways | Phnom Penh |
| Chengdu Airlines | Aksu, Aral, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Dalian, Fuzhou, Jinan, Kunming, Lanzhou, Lijiang, Nanjing, Sanya, Shenyang, Xi'an, Xishuangbanna, Yancheng |
| China Eastern Airlines | Changzhou, Chengdu–Tianfu, Dali, Haikou, Kunming, Lanzhou, Lhasa, Nanjing, Nantong, Ningbo, Sanya, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Wuxi, Xi'an, Yantai |
| China Express Airlines | Baotou, Beihai, Chongqing, Shaoyang, Shuozhou, Tianjin, Wuhu |
| China Southern Airlines | Baise, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Daxing, Changchun, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Dali, Dalian, Daqing, Guangzhou, Guiyang, Haikou, Hanoi, Harbin, Heze, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jieyang, Jinan, Kashgar, Korla, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kunming, Lanzhou, Macau, Meizhou, Nagoya–Centrair, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Osaka–Kansai, Qingdao, Sanya, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan, Taiyuan, Tianjin, Tokyo–Narita, Ürümqi, Wenzhou, Xi'an, Xishuangbanna, Yinchuan |
| China United Airlines | Ordos, Wenzhou |
| Chongqing Airlines | Chongqing, Fuzhou, Taizhou, Xiamen |
| Donghai Airlines | Haikou, Nantong, Sanya |
| GX Airlines | Changzhou, Chongqing, Dalian, Jining, Linyi, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Wanzhou, Xuzhou, Yulin (Shaanxi), Zhoushan |
| Hainan Airlines | Beijing–Capital, Chongqing, Dalian, Haikou, Hangzhou, Jinan, Kunming, Lanzhou, London–Heathrow, Ningbo, Qingdao, Quanzhou, Sanya, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Tianjin, Ürümqi, Xiamen |
| Hebei Airlines | Beijing–Daxing, Shenyang |
| Himalaya Airlines | Kathmandu (suspended) |
| Hunnu Air | Ulaanbaatar |
| I-Fly | Seasonal charter: Moscow–Vnukovo |
| Joy Air | Beihai, Harbin, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Yantai |
| Juneyao Air | Chengdu–Tianfu, Chifeng, Lijiang, Osaka–Kansai, Qingdao, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Wenzhou, Wuxi |
| Korean Air | Seoul–Incheon |
| Kunming Airlines | Kunming, Linyi, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Tengchong, Xishuangbanna, Yangzhou, Yuncheng |
| Lao Airlines | Luang Prabang, Vientiane |
| LJ Air | Changzhou, Harbin, Yangzhou |
| Loong Air | Changchun, Hangzhou, Xuzhou, Yinchuan |
| Okay Airways | Bangkok–Don Mueang, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chongqing, Dalian, Da Nang, Ganzhou, Harbin, Jeju, Jieyang, Jinan, Kalibo, Kunming, Nanjing, Nha Trang, Osaka–Kansai, Phuket, Qingdao, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Tianjin, Ürümqi, Xiamen, Xi'an, Yinchuan |
| Pacific Airlines | Charter: Nha Trang |
| Qingdao Airlines | Changchun, Hailar, Hohhot, Hotan, Kashgar, Lanzhou, Qingdao, Shenyang, Weifang, Yangzhou |
| Ruili Airlines | Datong, Mangshi, Shenyang |
| Scoot | Singapore |
| Shandong Airlines | Haikou, Jieyang, Jinan, Qingdao, Xiamen |
| Shanghai Airlines | Kunming, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Wenzhou, Wuzhou |
| Shenzhen Airlines | Shenyang, Yantai |
| Sichuan Airlines | Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Harbin, Kunming, Longyan, Sanya, Xiamen, Yancheng, Yibin |
| Spring Airlines | Jieyang, Lanzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Xishuangbanna |
| Sriwijaya Air | Charter: Denpasar |
| Suparna Airlines | Shanghai–Pudong |
| Thai AirAsia | Bangkok–Don Mueang |
| Thai Lion Air | Bangkok–Don Mueang |
| Thai VietJet Air | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi |
| Tianjin Airlines | Chongqing, Haikou, Kunming, Linfen, Tianjin, Ürümqi, Xiamen |
| Tibet Airlines | Chengdu–Shuangliu, Lhasa, Lijiang, Mianyang |
| Urumqi Air | Lanzhou, Ürümqi, Zhanjiang |
| VietJet Air | Nha Trang |
| West Air | Jinan, Ningbo, Vientiane |
| XiamenAir | Beijing–Daxing, Changchun, Chengdu–Tianfu, Dalian, Fuzhou, Haikou, Hangzhou, Harbin, Hohhot, Huai'an, Jinan, Lanzhou, Lianyungang, Lijiang, Luzhou, Mianyang, Nanchong, Nanjing, Nantong, Qingdao, Quanzhou, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shenyang, Tianjin, Ürümqi, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xining, Yan'an, Yinchuan, Yuncheng |

### Cargo

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Central Airlines | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi |
| Jisheng Airlines | Belgrade |
| SF Airlines | Dhaka, Osaka–Kansai |

## Statistics

As for 2016, Changsha Huanghua International Airport was the 13th busiest airport in the People's Republic of China with 21,296,700 passengers.
| Year | Passengers | % change | Cargo (tons) | Aircraft movements |
| 2017 | 23,764,820 | 011.6 | 138,737.6 | 179,575 |
| 2016 | 21,296,675 | 013.8 | 130,276.1 | 167,910 |
| 2015 | 18,715,278 | 03.9 | 122,022.1 | 153,367 |
| 2014 | 18,020,501 | 012.6 | 125,037.8 | 152,359 |
| 2013 | 16,007,212 | 08.5 | 117,588.7 | 137,843 |
| 2012 | 14,749,701 | 07.8 | 110,608.0 | 127,041 |
| 2011 | 13,684,731 | 08.4 | 114,831.1 | 116,727 |
| 2010 | 12,621,333 | 08.4 | 108,635.2 | 115,635 |
| 2009 | 11,284,282 | 33.5 | 86,995.0 | 110,023 |
| 2008 | 8,454,808 | 04.8 | 71,151.9 | 85,339 |
| 2007 | 8,069,989 | 14.9 | 68,629.7 | 82,041 |
| 2006 | 6,592,602 | 22.4 | 62,571.3 | 71,139 |
| 2005 | 5,301,396 | 24.4 | 52,360.3 | 59,534 |
| 2004 | 3,802,550 | 27.1 | 43,133.2 | 55,054 |
| 2003 | 2,992,543 | 15.2 | 34,987.5 | 46,993 |
| 2002 | 2,598,508 | 17.2 | 25,437.9 | 42,920 |
| 2001 | 2,217,088 | 09.0 | 20,375.2 | 39,194 |
| 2000 | 2,034,526 | - | 18,552.0 | 37,722 |

## Ground transportation

* Changsha maglev train
* Interior of Changsha maglev train (2016)
* Platform of Huanghua Airport Station (2016)
* Driving on Changsha Airport Expressway (S40)

### Maglev

* The regular-speed Changsha Maglev Express connects Changsha Huanghua International Airport and Changsha South railway station, it started operation on 6 May 2016.
** The Maglev line is 18.5 km long and trains and runs at a speed of 120 km/h to finish the journey in just over 10 minutes.
** The ticket price is ¥20 between the Airport and South Railway Station. Metro-card holders can receive a 10% discount.
| Station name English | Station name Chinese | Transfer | Location |
| Changshanan | 磁浮高铁站 | 2  4 CWQ | Yuhua |
| Langli | 磁浮㮾梨 | | Changsha County |
| Huanghua Airport | 磁浮机场 | CSX 6 | Changsha County |

### Metro

* Line 6 of Changsha Metro also reaches the airport via Huanghua Airport T1 & T2 station.

### Rail

* The planned Changsha–Ganzhou high-speed railway will have an airport railway station.

### Bus

* There are direct shuttle buses connecting the airport with Hunan Civil Aviation Hotel (with one stop at Gao Qiao on the way), Changsha South Railway Station, and South Bus Station