# Australian Idol season 3

The third season of Australian Idol debuted on 26 July 2005. The first of three semi-finals was held on 16 August 2005 with three of the Top 12 contenders announced the following night on 17 August 2005. 2Day FM radio host Kyle Sandilands replaced former judge Ian Dickson.

## Overview

For the first time in Australian Idol history, thirteen contestants instead of twelve, made it to the weekly finals rounds. As in past years, the Wildcard show would give a further three contestants a spot in the Top Twelve – two chosen by the judges and one by the Australian public. Following the "second-chance" wildcard performance show the previous night, on 5 September 2005, the judges choices were James Kannis and Emily Williams. The public choice was then revealed to be Daniel Spillane. However, it was also revealed a very marginal difference of less than 1% between the next highest voted contestant, Roxane LeBrasse, and the judges deciding that Roxane was too good to be left out of the Top 12, made it a Top 13. Unfortunately this would mean, the elimination of two people with the lowest votes, the following week.
The Grand Finale was held on 21 November 2005, with the winner being revealed as Kate DeAraugo. Kate had been outside chance to win through the duration of the season, but after the show ended, released a No. 1 single, "Maybe Tonight", a platinum selling album and a further Top 10 hit single through Sony BMG.
Runner up Emily Williams lost by 1% in the closest percentage ever in an Idol finale. She was originally signed to Sony BMG as a solo artist, but the agreement fell through and she ended up joining the girl band the Young Divas.
Lee Harding finished in third position and was signed to Sony BMG and released a # 1 single and a platinum selling album. His second single from his debut album proved to be less successful and in mid-2006 Harding was released from his contract with the label. He is currently touring and performing with his band Bedrock.
Dan England came 4th and didn't score a recording contract with a major label but recorded several independent releases and has toured with Season 2 winner Casey Donovan and Season 1 Runner-up Shannon Noll.
Anne Robertson who finished in sixth position was negotiating a deal with Sony BMG, but it was rumoured that Sony BMG was reluctant in signing her as they believed she was too similar to Season 1 contestant Paulini Curuenavuli who had been signed to the label for several years.
Other contestants from Season 3 have released numerous independent material and have toured and performed with several bands and music groups.
Winner Kate and runner-up Emily, later formed the all-girl group, Young Divas, with past Idol contestants Paulini Curuenavuli and Jessica Mauboy and previously, Ricki-Lee Coulter.

### Ratings

Although averaging around the 1.5 million viewer mark, ratings were down by up to 40% on average during the third season compared to the first two seasons, which regularly drew more than 2.5 million viewers during the latter half of the competition. This created a serious situation for Ten, which was airing three Australian Idol shows every week at the time, and forced them to give away free commercial airtime to program sponsors expecting higher ratings. Commentators has theorised over the reasons why this has occurred, ranging from the viewing public being tired of the format due to Sandilands replacing the popular Dickson. This would later bring about a major Idol revamp for Season 4 which led Season 4 being one of the highest rating seasons yet.

## Semi-finals
### Group 1

Advancing to the Top 12: Anne Robertson, Chris Luder and Tarni Stephens Wild Card Contenders: Daniel Spillane, Lindsay West, Chloe Zuel, Josh Williams, Irene Bosmans

### Group 2

Advancing to the Top 12: Kate DeAraugo, Milly Edwards and Laura Gissara Wild Card Contenders: Roxane LeBrasse and Michael Williamson

### Group 3

Advancing to the Top 12: Dan England, Lee Harding and Natalie Zahra Wild Card Contenders: Lauren Street, Emily Williams and James Kannis

### Wildcards

Advancing to the Top 13: James Kannis, Emily Williams, Daniel Spillane and Roxane LeBrasse

## Weekly Song Themes

| Date | Week | Theme |
| 11 September | Top 13 | Australian Made |
| 18 September | Top 11 | The '60s |
| 25 September | Top 10 | Rock |
| 2 October | Top 9 | Contestant's Choice |
| 9 October | Top 8 | Big Band |
| 16 October | Top 7 | The '80s |
| 23 October | Top 6 | Motown |
| 30 October | Top 5 | The '70s |
| 6 October | Top 4 | Elvis Presley |
| 13 November | Top 3 | Number Ones |

### Top 13 – Australian Made

| Order | Contestant | Song | Result |
| 1 | Kate DeAraugo | "Please Don't Ask Me" by John Farnham | Safe |
| 2 | Dan England | "Cryin' Shame" by Johnny Diesel | Safe |
| 3 | Lee Harding | "Holy Grail" by Hunters & Collectors | Safe |
| 4 | Roxane LeBrasse | "Forever Now" by Cold Chisel | Safe |
| 5 | Anne Robertson | "I Don't Want To Be With Nobody But You" by Absent Friends | Safe |
| 6 | Tarni Stephens | "(Baby I've Got You) On My Mind" by Powderfinger | Eliminated |
| 7 | Natalie Zahra | "Absolutely Everybody" by Vanessa Amorosi | Safe |
| 8 | Emily Williams | "Buses and Trains" by Bachelor Girl | Safe |
| 9 | Daniel Spillane | "Tucker's Daughter" by Ian Moss | Safe |
| 10 | Chris Luder | "Throw Your Arms Around Me" by Hunters & Collectors | Eliminated |
| 11 | James Kannis | "The Day You Went Away" by Wendy Matthews | Safe |
| 12 | Laura Gissara | "You're My World" by Cilla Black / Daryl Braithwaite | Safe |
| 13 | Milly Edwards | "Playing to Win" by John Farnham | Bottom 3 |

## The Top 13 Contestants
### Kate DeAraugo

Anna Katherine "Kate" Jenna DeAraugo (born 5 November 1985), is an Australian singer, and was the winner of the third season of Australian Idol in 2005. Kate never scored a touchdown from judge Mark Holden, but was the only contestant from this series who was never actually in the bottom three or two. Kate released a platinum selling album and a number one single. She is also a member of the multi platinum selling group, Young Divas with Emily Williams, Paulini and Jessica Mauboy.
    Audition: "Young Hearts Run Free" by Kym Mazelle
    Theatre Week (Round 1):
    Theatre Week (Round 3): "Finally" by CeCe Peniston
    Top 30: "For Once in My Life" by Stevie Wonder
    Top 13: "Please Don't Ask Me" by John Farnham
    Top 11: "Rescue Me" by Fontella Bass
    Top 10: "I Want It All" by Queen
    Top 9: "Not That Kind" by Anastacia
    Top 8: "Cry Me a River" by Patti Austin
    Top 7: "Ain't Nobody" by Chaka Khan
    Up Close & Personal: "Ironic" by Alanis Morissette
    Top 6: "I Wish" by Stevie Wonder
    Top 5: "Lady Marmalade" by Patti LaBelle
    Top 4: "The Impossible Dream" and "Burning Love" by Elvis Presley
    Top 3: "Heaven" by Bryan Adams and "Like a Prayer" by Madonna
    Top 2: "Shackles (Praise You)" by Mary Mary, "How Could an Angel Break My Heart" by Toni Braxton, "Maybe Tonight" (winner's Single)

### Emily Williams

Emily Williams (born 8 October 1984 in New Zealand), a former factory worker, was the runner-up and is a member of the band Young Divas. Emily was in the bottom three only once (the Top 7) and scored three touchdowns over the course of the season, from judge, Mark Holden.
    Audition: "Rock with You" by Michael Jackson
    Theatre Week (Round 1): "Can't Help Falling in Love" by Elvis Presley
    Theatre Week (Round 3): "Fallin'" by Alicia Keys
    Top 30: "Make It Happen" by Mariah Carey
    Wildcards: "To Zion" by Lauryn Hill
    Top 13: "Buses and Trains" by Bachelor Girl
    Top 11: "RESPECT" by Aretha Franklin
    Top 10: "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen
    Top 9: "Hero" by Mariah Carey
    Top 8: "All The Way" by Frank Sinatra ~ TOUCHDOWN!
    Top 7: "I Wanna Dance With Somebody" by Whitney Houston Bottom 2
    Up Close & Personal: "How Come You Don't Call Me?" by Prince (Alicia Keys version)
    Top 6: "River Deep, Mountain High" by Ike & Tina Turner ~ TOUCHDOWN!
    Top 5: "I'm Every Woman" by Chaka Khan ~ TOUCHDOWN!
    Top 4: "Can't Help Falling in Love" and "Blue Suede Shoes" by Elvis Presley
    Top 3: "...Baby One More Time" by Britney Spears and "I Will Always Love You" by Dolly Parton
    Top 2: "Since U Been Gone" by Kelly Clarkson, "Emotion" by Destiny's Child / The Bee Gees, "Maybe Tonight" (winner's single)
Williams now lives in Melbourne with her partner and daughter. She released her debut solo single Spellbound independently on 1 November 2010.

### Lee Harding

Lee Harding (born 8 June 1983), was placed third in the competition. From Frankston, Victoria, prior to Idol, he worked at the local AMC cinema multiplex.
    Audition: "Better" by The Screaming Jets, "Let Me Entertain You" by Robbie Williams, "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" by Otis Redding & "Run to Paradise" by The Choirboys
    Theatre Week (Round 1): "Hard to Handle" by The Black Crowes
    Theatre Week (Round 3): "Footloose" by Kenny Loggins
    Top 30: "The Anthem" by Good Charlotte
    Top 13: "Holy Grail" by Hunters & Collectors
    Top 11: "I'm a Believer" by The Monkees
    Top 10: "Roxanne" by The Police
    Top 9: "Holiday" by Green Day
    Top 8: "Straighten Up and Fly Right" by Robbie Williams
    Top 7: "Eye of the Tiger" by Survivor
    Up Close & Personal: "Plush" by Stone Temple Pilots
    Top 6: "Ben" by Michael Jackson
    Top 5: "My Sharona" by The Knack Bottom 2
    Top 4: "Teddy Bear" and "Jailhouse Rock" by Elvis Presley
    Top 3: "Faith" by George Michael (Limp Bizkit version), "Tainted Love" by Soft Cell (The Living End version) Eliminated
Harding is the lead singer of his band, Bedrock.

### Dan England

Dan England (born 22 August 1983), is a former service station employee from Brisbane, noted for his dreadlock hairstyle. Before Idol, Dan was singer for the Brisbane covers band 'Bejesus' and in earlier years, attended St. Joseph's Nudgee College in Brisbane. Captivating the hearts of the Australian public with his soulful and angelic voice, dreadlock hairstyle and warm charisma, he was voted off on 7 November 2005, with a difference of 27 votes separating him from Lee Harding. It was suggested his elimination was attributed in part to the fact that his home state, Queensland, did not participate in daylight saving, and that Queensland voters therefore had one hour less to make their votes. This viewpoint was expounded further in the national parliament by the State Premier, Peter Beattie.
    Audition: "Long Train Runnin'" by The Doobie Brothers
    Theatre Week (Round 1): "Father and Son" by Cat Stevens
    Theatre Week (Round 3):
    Top 30: "Try a Little Tenderness" by Otis Redding
    Top 13: "Cryin' Shame" by Diesel
    Top 11: "Unchained Melody" by The Righteous Brothers
    Top 10: "We Will Rock You" by Queen
    Top 9: "To Be with You" by Mr. Big
    Top 8: "(I Could Only) Whisper Your Name" by Harry Connick, Jr. Bottom 2
    Top 7: "Broken Wings" by Mr. Mister
    Up Close & Personal: "Rooster" by Alice in Chains
    Top 6: "Reach Out I'll Be There" by Four Tops Bottom 3
    Top 5: "Desperado" by Eagles ~ TOUCHDOWN!
    Top 4: "Hound Dog" and "Heartbreak Hotel" by Elvis PresleyEliminated
After his highly successful run on Idol, Dan has continued his dream of doing what he loves best, by honing his songs and playing to tens of thousands of people in towns and cities across Australia. In 2006 he toured as a support act to Shannon Noll. Early 2007 saw him tour with Chris Murphy (fourth place getter in season 4) locally in SE Queensland. Later that year, 2008 and through to February 2009, Dan's national tour "A year on the Road tour," saw him play a record number of live shows, ironically lasting 15 months because of its success.
Dan released a self-titled, independent debut single, which was used as a part of the 2007 RAAF promotions campaign. Hitting number five on the iTunes charts, the self-titled mini-album was in stores in the third quarter of 2006. Its first single released to radio was "Reason to Fly".

### Daniel Spillane

Daniel Spillane (born 29 February 1980) was eliminated on 31 October 2005, placed fifth. After previously auditioning unsuccessfully in earlier seasons, he heeded the advice of judge Mark Holden and dedicated the next year to honing his skills as a performer. He left his employment with his family's real estate business to move to Brisbane to find inspiration. Noted for his rendition of "Gimme Some Lovin'" by the Spencer Davis Group impressed the judges and he was unanimously invited to the next round.
    Audition: "Gimme Some Lovin'" by Spencer Davis Group
    Theatre Week (Round 1): "New York State of Mind" by Tony Bennett
    Theatre Week (Round 3):
    Top 30: "I Don't Want to Be" by Gavin DeGraw
    Wildcards: "Gimme Some Lovin'" by Spencer Davis Group
    Top 13: "Tucker's Daughter" by Ian Moss
    Top 11: "I Got You (I Feel Good)" by James Brown
    Top 10: "TNT" by AC/DC Bottom 3
    Top 9: "If I Could" by 1927 Bottom 3
    Top 8: "Feeling Good" by Michael Bublé
    Top 7: "If You Don't Know Me by Now" by Simply Red Bottom 3
    Up Close & Personal: "A Song for You" by Leon Russell
    Top 6: "Shakey Ground" by The Temptations Bottom 2
    Top 5: "Cold as Ice" by Foreigner Eliminated

### Anne Robertson

Anne Robertson, (born 7 March 1983), is of Samoan descent, but has grown up largely in Sydney's South-West. She is mostly known as a contestant on the 2005 season of Australian Idol. She had never been into the bottom 2 or 3 until her elimination, in which she made it to the final 6.

### Australian Idol

    Audition: "Where Do We Go from Here" by Deborah Cox
    Theatre Week (Round 1):
    Theatre Week (Round 3):
    Top 30: "Home" by Stephanie Mills
    Top 13: "I Don't Want To Be With Nobody But You" by Absent Friends
    Top 11: "When Something Is Wrong with My Baby" by Sam & Dave
    Top 10: "Where the Streets Have No Name" by U2
    Top 9: "Independent Women" by Destiny's Child
    Top 8: "Minnie the Moocher" by Cab Calloway
    Top 7: "Open Arms" by Journey
    Up Close & Personal: "Dangerously in Love" by Beyoncé Knowles
    Top 6: "If I Were Your Woman" by Gladys Knight Eliminated

#### After Idol

Anne has performed all over Australia, New Zealand, Samoa and Singapore. She has written and recorded with some of Australia's finest songwriters/producers and occasionally performs and hits the live music circuit in Sydney and around Australia. In 2008 Anne was a member of Australia's girl group, Sultry Sally. The girls' first single is a cover of the 2001 Crystal Waters floor filler, "Gypsy Woman"
In 2010, Anne released a version of Jerome Grey famous track "We are Samoa" available for purchase on iTunes, Rhapsody, Amazon, Emusic and Napster with all online proceeds going towards a charity supporting the 2009 tsunami. The most recognizable song in Samoan History and known to be the Samoa's second National Anthem. A song which was even performed by the original composer Jerome before President Carter and the United States Congress in 1980.

### James Kannis

James Jay Kannis (born 5 November 1985) was eliminated on 17 October 2005, placed seventh.
    Audition: "A Dollar Away" (own composition)
    Theatre Week (Round 1): "Don't Let Go (Love)" by En Vogue
    Theatre Week (Round 3): "Walking in Memphis" by Marc Cohn
    Top 30: "Change the World" by Babyface & Eric Clapton
    Wildcards: "Drift Away" by Dobie Gray
    Top 13: "The Day You Went Away" by Wendy Matthews
    Top 11: "Hold On, I'm Coming!" by Sam & Dave Bottom 3
    Top 10: "Layla" by Eric Clapton Bottom 2
    Top 9: "Love the One You're With" by Luther Vandross
    Top 8: "Sway" by Michael Bublé Bottom 3
    Top 7: "Truly" by Lionel Richie Eliminated

### Milly Edwards

Amelia "Milly" Edwards (born 29 February 1988) was eliminated on 10 October 2005. Though she auditioned in Tasmania, she is a resident of Victoria.
    Audition: "Something's Got a Hold on Me" by Etta James
    Theatre Week (Round 1):
    Theatre Week (Round 3):
    Top 30: "I Just Wanna Make Love to You" by Etta James
    Top 13: "Playing to Win" by John Farnham Bottom 3
    Top 11: "Do You Love Me (Now That I Can Dance)" by The Contours
    Top 10: "Somebody To Love" by Queen
    Top 9: "Sunday Morning" by No Doubt Bottom 2
    Top 8: "Get Happy" by Judy Garland Eliminated

### Roxane LeBrasse

Roxane LeBrasse (born 26 August 1983 in Mauritius) was placed ninth in the competition, after being voted off on 3 October 2005. Initially missing out on a place in the final twelve, she became a part of the season's final thirteen. Following the announcement of the third choice, Daniel Spillane in the Wildcard show, it was revealed there was less than 1% difference in the votes separating Roxane and Daniel, therefore the judges felt Roxane was too good to not be included in the final rounds. This would mean however, the elimination of two contestants in the following week.
Roxane is one of three contestants from series 3, apart from the two who were eliminated in the first week of the finals, who was eliminated on her first time in the bottom 3. The others were Natalie Zarah (11th) and Anne Robertson (6th).
Before auditioning, LeBrasse was a back-up singer to Australian singer Jade MacRae. She appeared on a single with the popular 1990s Australian band The Rockmelons, titled "I Ain't Playin", released in mid-2002 and peaked at No. 79 in the ARIA Charts. She was also featured singing "I Got News for You", "Game Tight" and "Three's a Crowd" on their Rockies 3 album.
    Audition: "I Want You Back" by The Jackson 5 & "Saving All My Love for You" by Whitney Houston
    Theatre Week (Round 1):
    Theatre Week (Round 3):
    Top 30: "A Natural Woman" by Aretha Franklin
    Wildcards: "All by Myself" by Eric Carmen
    Top 13: "Forever Now" by Cold Chisel
    Top 11: "You Can't Hurry Love" by The Supremes
    Top 10: "We Are the Champions" by Queen
    Top 9: "The Voice Within" by Christina Aguilera Eliminated
Now signed to Universal Music, her first single is called "Sexy". Produced and remixed by Sydney DJ Tony 'Super T' Vass and mixed by Sam Lamore (Tonight Only), it was released in 2007.

### Laura Gissara

Laura Gissara (born 14 March 1984), was eliminated from the show on 26 September 2005, placed tenth.
    Audition:
    Theatre Week (Round 1): "All the Man That I Need" by Whitney Houston
    Theatre Week (Round 3): "Don't Play That Song" by Aretha Franklin
    Top 30: "Don't Let Go (Love)" by En Vogue
    Top 13: "You're My World" by Cilla Black / Daryl Braithwaite
    Top 11: "Don't Play That Song" by Aretha Franklin Bottom 2
    Top 10: "The Greatest View" by Silverchair Eliminated
Since Idol, she has been signed by Shock Records and released a single named "Ti Amo" on 31 July 2006.

### Natalie Zahra

Natalie Zahra (born 24 April 1988), was placed eleventh in the competition, being eliminated on 19 September 2005. A country girl from Innisfail, Northern Queensland, prior to Idol, she was a singing teacher and taught students of all ages.
    Audition: "Somewhere Over The Rainbow" by Judy Garland
    Theatre Week (Round 1):
    Theatre Week (Round 3):
    Top 30: "When You Believe" by Mariah Carey & Whitney Houston
    Top 13: "Absolutely Everybody" by Vanessa Amorosi
    Top 11: "Dancing in the Street" by Martha and the Vandellas Eliminated

### Chris Luder

Chris Luder (born 18 May) was eliminated on 12 September 2005, placed twelfth in the competition. Chris made it into the Top 13, along with good friend (prior to Idol), Roxane LeBrasse, but was voted off in the first live eviction show, along with Tarni Stephens.
    Audition: 'Tip of My Tongue' by Diesel
    Theatre Week (Round 1): 'More than Anyone' by Gavin DeGraw
    Theatre Week (Round 3): 'Sign your name' by Terence Trent D'arby
    Top 30: "Beautiful Soul" by Jesse McCartney
    Top 13: "Throw Your Arms Around Me" by Hunters & Collectors Eliminated

### Tarni Stephens

Tarni Stephens (born 3 April 1978) was the first of the top thirteen to be eliminated, on 12 September 2005, along with fellow contestant Chris Luder. Auditioning in Brisbane, she was the lead singer in her band Tarni and became known to the Australian public for her rock style of music.
    Audition: "Trouble" by Pink
    Theatre Week (Round 1): "Rush You" by Baby Animals
    Theatre Week (Round 3): "La La" by Ashlee Simpson
    Top 30: "Sweet Child o' Mine" by Guns N' Roses
    Top 13: "(Baby I've Got You) On My Mind" by Powderfinger Eliminated

## Elimination chart

| Females | Males | Top 30 | Top 13 | Wild Card | Winner |
| Did Not Perform | Safe | Safe First | Safe Last | Eliminated |
| Stage: | Stage: | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Wild Card | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| Week: | Week: | 17/8 | 22/8 | 29/8 | 5/9 | 12/9 | 19/9 | 26/9 | 3/10 | 10/10 | 17/10 | 24/10 | 31/10 | 7/11 | 14/11 | 21/11 |
| Place | Contestant | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result | Result |
| 1 | Kate DeAraugo | Top 13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Winner |
| 2 | Emily Williams | | | Wild Card | Top 13 | | | | | | Bottom 2 | | | | | Runner-up |
| 3 | Lee Harding | | | Top 13 | | | | | | | | | Bottom 2 | | Elim | |
| 4 | Dan England | | | Top 13 | | | | | | Bottom 2 | | Bottom 3 | | Elim | | |
| 5 | Daniel Spillane | Wild Card | | | Top 13 | | | Bottom 3 | Bottom 3 | | Bottom 3 | Bottom 2 | Elim | | | |
| 6 | Anne Robertson | Top 13 | | | | | | | | | | Elim | | | | |
| 7 | James Kannis | | | Wild Card | Top 13 | | Bottom 3 | Bottom 2 | | Bottom 3 | Elim | | | | | |
| 8 | Milly Edwards | | Top 13 | | | Bottom 3 | | | Bottom 2 | Elim | | | | | | |
| 9 | Roxane LeBrasse | | Wild Card | | Top 13 | | | | Elim | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Laura Gissara | | Top 13 | | | | Bottom 2 | Elim | | | | | | | | |
| 11 | Natalie Zahra | | | Top 13 | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | |
| 12 | Chris Luder | Top 13 | | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | |
| 13 | Tarni Stephens | Top 13 | | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wild Card | Irene Bosmans | Wild Card | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wild Card | Lauren Street | | | Wild Card | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wild Card | Lindsay West | Wild Card | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wild Card | Josh Williams | Wild Card | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wild Card | Michael Williamson | | Wild Card | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wild Card | Chloe Zuel | Wild Card | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 3 | Jeremy Bourke | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 3 | Nat Matiuk | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 3 | Leah Rushforth | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 3 | Joe Sait | | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 2 | Rocky Loprevite | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 2 | David Mardini | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 2 | Victoria McGee | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 2 | Catherine Vasilakis | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 2 | Ben Worthington | | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 1 | Jade-Lori Crompton | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Semi-final 1 | Seth Harper | Elim | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |