OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eran Biton

Eran Biton (Hebrew: ערן ביטון; born 16 January 1996) is an Israeli footballer who plays as a central midfielder. He currently plays for Ironi Modi'in.

## Early life

Biton was born in Ramat Gan, Israel, to a family of Sephardic Jewish descent.

## Honours
### Club
#### Maccabi Haifa

* Israel State Cup: 2015–16

#### Maccabi Sha'arayim

* Toto Cup Leumit: 2016–17
# 2019 Tristan da Cunha general election

General elections were held in Tristan da Cunha on 26 March 2019 to elect eight members of the Island Council and the Chief Islander.

## Electoral system

The 12-member Island Council consists of the Administrator as President, three appointed members and eight elected members, who are elected by plurality-at-large voting. At least one elected member of the council must be a woman. If there are no women among the eight candidates that receive the most votes, only the top seven male candidates are declared elected, alongside the woman that received the highest number of votes. If there are no female candidates, a by-election is held for the eighth seat, in which only female candidates can stand.
The Chief Islander is elected on a separate ballot by first-past-the-post voting, and must also be elected to the Island Council to be eligible to become Chief Islander.

## Campaign

A total of 13 candidates registered to contest the eight seats on the Island Council, whilst two, James Glass and Ian Lavarello, also stood for the post of Chief Islander.

## Results

Of the 213 registered voters, 158 cast a vote, including nine by means of a postal vote, leading to a turnout of 74.18%. Administrator Sean Burns designated three councillors immediately after the elections.
James Glass won against Ian Lavarello for the seat of Chief Islander, becoming the first person to be elected Chief Islander for the fourth time, albeit in a non-consecutive manner. Lavarello was the only member of the previous council to be part of the newly elected council.

### Chief Islander

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| James Glass | 88 | 62.86 |
| Ian Lavarello | 52 | 37.14 |
| Total | 140 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | 140 | 88.61 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 18 | 11.39 |
| Total votes | 158 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 213 | 74.18 |
| Source: Government News |||

### Island Council

| Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
| Clive Glass | 118 | 84.29 | Elected |
| Rodney Green | 111 | 79.29 | Elected |
| Paul Repetto | 101 | 72.14 | Elected |
| Steve Swain | 101 | 72.14 | Elected |
| James Glass | 96 | 68.57 | Elected |
| Kelly Green | 86 | 61.43 | Elected |
| Jason Green | 70 | 50.00 | Elected |
| Ian Lavarello | 66 | 47.14 | Elected |
| Carlene Glass-Green | 61 | 43.57 | |
| Sarah Glass-Green | 57 | 40.71 | |
| Joanne Green | 42 | 30.00 | |
| Beverley Swain | 37 | 26.43 | |
| Marion Collins | 16 | 11.43 | |
| Total | 962 | 100.00 | |
| Valid votes | 140 | 88.61 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 18 | 11.39 | |
| Total votes | 158 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 213 | 74.18 | |
| Source: Government News ||||

### List of Council members

Elected :
| Chief Islander | James Glass |
| Councillors | Clive Glass Rodney Green Paul Repetto Steve Swain James Glass Kelly Green Jason Green Ian Lavarello |
| Designated ||
| Councillors | Dawn Repetto Warren Glass Carlene Glass-Green |
# Carolina Parra

Carolina Moraes Parra (born 16 November 1978, São Paulo, Brazil) is a guitarist and drummer for the Brazilian indie-electro band CSS. She joined CSS at the Tim Festival gig in 2004.
Besides CSS, she has played in many other bands including Ultrasom, Caxabaxa and Verafisher.
# John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl

John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (c. 1437–1442 – 15 September 1512), also known as Sir John Stewart of Balveny, was a Scottish nobleman and ambassador.

## Life

He was the eldest child of Joan Beaufort, widow of James I of Scotland, and her second husband, Sir James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn.
He was created Earl of Atholl in around 1457, the first earl of the eighth creation of the title. He is believed to have had a hand in suppressing the rebellion of John Macdonald, 11th Earl of Ross, the last of the Lords of the Isles. John Stewart became ambassador to England in 1484.
According to 18th century historian William Guthrie, John Stewart, Earl of Atholl was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. He was buried in Dunkeld Cathedral in Perthshire.

## Marriage and issue

John Stewart married twice and had several children. However, the exact number, names, and the attribution of his children to their mothers is unclear.
His first wife was Lady Margaret Douglas, Fair Maid of Galloway, daughter of Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas and Lady Eupheme Graham. Margaret had been married already to William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, and to James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas which marriage was annulled by the Pope. She married John Stewart about 1459 or 1460. She died between 1473 and 1475. and they had two daughters:
* Lady Elizabeth Stewart, married Andrew Gray, 2nd Lord Gray.
* Lady Christian Stewart, married Neil Stewart of Garth.
Sometime before April 1475, he married as his second wife, Lady Eleanor Sinclair (died 21 March 1518), daughter of William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney and Marjory Sutherland. They had two sons and nine daughters:
* John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Atholl, who married Lady Janet Campbell (died about Candlemas 1545/6), daughter of Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Arygll. Their daughter was Lady Janet Stewart, who married Alexander Gordon, 3rd Earl of Huntly.
* Andrew Stewart, Bishop of Caithness.
* Lady Jean (or Janet) Stewart, married by contract dated 31 August 1507, James Arbuthnott of Arbuthnott. He had a crown charter of the feudal Barony of Arbuthnott, 29 January 1507. He left a testament dated 7 March 1521, and died before 13 March 1521.
* Lady Catherine Stewart, married John Forbes, 6th Lord Forbes.
* Lady Elizabeth (Elspeth) Stewart, married Sir Robert Innes, 2nd of Innermarky.
* Lady Marjory Stewart, married Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy.
* Lady Margaret Stewart, married William Murray of Castleton, who was killed at the Battle of Flodden, and is the ancestor of the Dukes of Atholl.
* Lady Elizabeth Stewart I, married Alexander Robertson of Strowan.
* Lady Elizabeth (or Isabel) Stewart II, married John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox.
* Lady Jean Stewart, married Robert Gordon, Knt., of Pitlurg.
* Lady Margaret Stewart, married Robert Robertson, the Younger, of Strowan.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl :

## Other

According to legend, the Earl of Atholl had whisky, honey and oats added to Macdonald's water well, which so entranced or intoxicated him that Macdonald was easily captured. The mixture became a drink named Atholl Brose.
# Biclique-free graph

In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a t-biclique-free graph is a graph that has no K$_{t,t}$ (complete bipartite graph with 2t vertices) as a subgraph. A family of graphs is biclique-free if there exists a number t such that the graphs in the family are all t-biclique-free. The biclique-free graph families form one of the most general types of sparse graph family. They arise in incidence problems in discrete geometry, and have also been used in parameterized complexity.

## Properties
### Sparsity

According to the Kővári–Sós–Turán theorem, every n-vertex t-biclique-free graph has O(n$^{2−1/t}$) edges, significantly fewer than a dense graph would have. Conversely, if a graph family is defined by forbidden subgraphs or closed under the operation of taking subgraphs, and does not include dense graphs of arbitrarily large size, it must be t-biclique-free for some t, for otherwise it would include large dense complete bipartite graphs.
As a lower bound, Erdős, Hajnal & Moon (1964) conjectured that every maximal t-biclique-free bipartite graph (one to which no more edges can be added without creating a t-biclique) has at least (t − 1)(n + m − t + 1) edges, where n and m are the numbers of vertices on each side of its bipartition.

### Relation to other types of sparse graph family

A graph with degeneracy d is necessarily (d + 1)-biclique-free. Additionally, any nowhere dense family of graphs is biclique-free. More generally, if there exists an n-vertex graph that is not a 1-shallow minor of any graph in the family, then the family must be n-biclique-free, because all n-vertex graphs are 1-shallow minors of K$_{n,n}$. In this way, the biclique-free graph families unify two of the most general classes of sparse graphs.

## Applications
### Discrete geometry

In discrete geometry, many types of incidence graph are necessarily biclique-free. As a simple example, the graph of incidences between a finite set of points and lines in the Euclidean plane necessarily has no K$_{2,2}$ subgraph.

### Parameterized complexity

Biclique-free graphs have been used in parameterized complexity to develop algorithms that are efficient for sparse graphs with suitably small input parameter values. In particular, finding a dominating set of size k, on t-biclique-free graphs, is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by k + t, even though there is strong evidence that this is not possible using k alone as a parameter. Similar results are true for many variations of the dominating set problem. It is also possible to test whether one dominating set of size at most k can be converted to another one by a chain of vertex insertions and deletions, preserving the dominating property, with the same parameterization.
# Alexander Duff (British Army officer)

General Sir Alexander Duff GCH (1777 – 21 March 1851) was a British Army officer of the Napoleonic era.

## Early life

Duff was the second son of Alexander Duff, 3rd Earl Fife and Mary Skene, daughter of George Skene, 18th of Skene. His elder brother was James Duff, 4th Earl Fife.
His paternal grandparents were William Duff, 1st Earl Fife, and, his second wife, Jean Grant (a daughter of Sir James Grant, 6th Baronet). His uncle was James Duff, 2nd Earl Fife.

## Career

In 1793, he was commissioned an ensign in the 66th Regiment of Foot, and served at Gibraltar, in Flanders, in the East Indies in 1798, and under Baird during the invasion of Egypt. In 1806, Duff commanded the centre column in the attack on Buenos Aires.
He was appointed colonel of the 92nd Regiment of Foot in 1823, transferring to 37th Regiment of Foot in 1831. He was made GCH and knighted in 1834, and was promoted full general on 28 June 1838.

### Political career

He was elected the Member of Parliament for Elgin Burghs, sitting from 1826 to 1831. From 1848 until his death he was Lord Lieutenant of Elginshire, and a deputy lieutenant of Banffshire.

## Personal life

Duff lived at Delgatie Castle near Turriff, Aberdeenshire. He had married Anne Stein, daughter of James Stein of Kilbagie and Kennetpans House and sister to John Stein, MP for Bletchingley. by whom he had two sons and two daughters, including:
* James Duff, 5th Earl Fife (1814–1879), who married Lady Agnes Georgiana Elizabeth Hay, daughter of William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll and Lady Elizabeth FitzClarence (an illegitimate daughter of William IV).
* George Skene Duff (1816–1889), an MP for Elgin Burghs.
* Catherine Duff (c. 1820–1869), who married John Lewis Ricardo, MP for Stoke-upon-Trent, and nephew of economist David Ricardo, in 1841.
He died at Percy Cross, Walham Green, Fulham, Middlesex in March 1851.

### Freemasonry

He was Initiated into Scottish Freemasonry in Lodge Holyrood House (St Luke's), No.44, on 30 November 1812.
# Canoeing South Africa

Canoeing South Africa is the governing body for the sport of canoeing and kayaking in South Africa.The body is affiliated to the International Canoe Federation (ICF) and the African Canoe Confederation.

## History

There seems to be no record of canoeing on the rivers of Southern Africa before the 1930s. By the 1930s, canoe trips were made on rivers like the Orange River and the Vaal River, with the first canoe race on record being made on the Vaal River in 1939.
In 1951 the inaugural Dusi Canoe Marathon, was held, the South African Canoe Federation (SACF) was then established in 1956 to govern the sport of canoe racing. Around the 1960s, kayaks made of fibreglass were introduced, and the sport started expanding. During the same period, Willem van Riet began several river races, beginning with a solo descent of the Orange River: he navigated from Aliwal North westwards to the sea at Oranjemund within 36 days. He then made subsequent trips with descents of the Limpopo River, the Sabie River and later, along with his friend Gordon Rowe, the Cunene River.
In the 1970s, plastic kayaks made their appearance, creating a revolution in kayaking. The understanding of white-water hydraulics grew very fast and waterfalls were being run safely. Commercial river-running also appeared on the scene, with Graeme Addison involved in organising trips for clients using kayaks and rafts, prior to his creation of South Africa’s first commercial operator “The River Men” in 1983. Economic focus later changed in favour of rafting. Graeme Addison in addition, started the Southern African Rivers’ Association (SARA).
# Tollesby

Tollesby is a residential area within the Middlesbrough ward of Ladgate in North Yorkshire, England. It is south-east of the Middlesbrough Municipal Golf Course.
The area was previously a separate hamlet near Marton-in-Cleveland before being absorbed with Middlesbrough, with its neighbour. The local schools are Easterside Academy, Holmwood and St Thomas More Primary.

## Gallery

* Site of the former Tollesby Farm, the current buildings on site are sport facilities
* A sunset in Tollesby
* A tree at a sunset in Tollesby
* Viking sculpture denoting Tollesby's Viking origin
* This Middlesbrough location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gulabdas Broker

Gulabdas Broker was a Gujarati language writer from India. He is primarily known for his short stories and one-act plays in Gujarati literature.

## Biography

Broker was born at Porbandar on 20 September 1909. He completed his education in Gujarati and English literature from Bombay University in 1930. He briefly worked at the Bombay Stock Exchange. Later he started his writing in 1932 when he was jailed during the Satyagraha movement. His first short story collection was Ane Biji Vato ("And Other Talks").
Broker served as the president of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad from 1973 to 1974. He died on 10 June 2006 at Pune, Maharashtra.

## Works

He edited Akhandand, a Gujarati monthly. He wrote large number of short stories, plays, travelogues and autobiography too. Several of them are translated into Hindi, Spanish, German and English. He also edited Ekanki, a periodical devoted to one-act plays.

## Awards

Broker was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India in 1992. He was also awarded Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak, the highest literary award in Gujarati language, in 1998. He also received Kumar Chandrak in 1968.
The Government of Gujarat awarded him the Narsinh Mehta Award.
# Felix Krohn

Felix Julius Theofil Krohn (20 May 1898 – 8 November 1963) was a Finnish conductor and composer. Krohn wrote several choral works and solo songs, but also stage and film music. As a composer, Krohn has been characterized as a sensitive romantic.
Felix Krohn was the conductor of the Finnish male choir Viipurin Lauluveikot 1929–1933 and 1941–1942.

## Filmography

* Sysmäläinen (1938)
* Vihreä kulta (1939)
* Anu ja Mikko (1940)
* Linnaisten vihreä kamari (1945)
# Ruhi al-Khatib

Ruhi al-Khatib (Arabic: روحي الخطيب, Ruḥi al-Khateeb; 1914–1994) was the last mayor of East Jerusalem under Jordanian rule.
Elected in 1957, his term came to an end on 29 June 1967, when Israel dissolved the city council of East Jerusalem following its conquest of the city in the Six-Day War. Despite this he continued to hold the title of Mayor of Jerusalem until his death on 5 July 1994.

## Early life

Ruhi al-Khatib was born in Jerusalem in 1914 to a prominent family and travelled for studies to England, where he attended classes at Oxford and Cambridge. He became active within Palestinian nationalism upon his return to Jerusalem. Following the 1948 War he entered the hotel business.
In 1951, he was elected to the Jerusalem Municipal Council and became mayor of East Jerusalem in 1957.

## After annexation

In the three weeks from the day the Israeli conquest of the city until the dissolution of the city council of East Jerusalem, Al-Khatib was working to immediately reinstate the municipal services and restore the calm to the city. He even helped in dealing with sensitive issues such as the surrender of weapons held by the civilian population and the removal of squatters from the destroyed synagogues in the Jewish Quarter of the Old city of Jerusalem. His actions attracted criticisms from fellow Arabs, who accused him of collaborating with Israel. However, his dismissal made him a vocal opponent of Israel.
Al-Khatib did not recognize his dismissal and remained in Jerusalem. He continued to work as director of the Arab Hotels Company and the Jerusalem Electric Company. In March 1968 he was deported to Jordan as his presence in Jerusalem was deemed a danger to the security of Israel. He was not allowed to take anything with him.
His wife and two children, who learned of his expulsion from the radio, decided to stay in Jerusalem, hoping for his return. In the autumn of 1969, his wife was arrested and sentenced to three months in prison. After protests from many people, she was released after fifteen days. She was then given a permit to visit her husband and undergo an operation in Beirut. When she tried to return to Jerusalem after her convalescence, she was turned away at the border and refused entry.

## Later life

Al-Khatib returned to the West Bank in May 1993. He died on 5 July 1994.

## Gallery of images

* Jerusalem Municipal Council and Daod Abu-Ghazalel, Governor of Jerusalem, in 1965
* al-Khatib delivering speech at the cornerstone laying ceremony of Al-Quds University 1966 in the presence of King Hussein of Jordan and the Prince of Kuwait
* al-Khatib and his wife at the 1966 inauguration of St. John's Hospital in Jerusalem
* al-Khatib delivering a speech to the UN Security Council in 1968
# Mister Tourism International

Mister Tourism International is a male beauty pageant realized annual in Panama. The competition gathers more than fifteen contestants around the world searching for one reason: the title of Mister Tourism International. The contest started in 2001 but failed between 2002 until 2010, backing with a new franchise. The current titleholder is José Alfredo Galarza from Puerto Rico.

## Winners

| Year | Titleholder | Country | Venue | Nº |
| 2001 | Aitor Trigos Núñez | Spain | Riande Continental Hotel, Panama City, Panama | 15 |
| 2002 | Dean Kelly | Panama | Teatro Nacional, Panama City, Panama | 18 |
| 2010 | Jorge Alberto Rojas | Bolivia | Atlapa Convention Centre, Panama City, Panama | 18 |
| 2012 | Samuel Cassar | Malta | The Beach House, Panama City, Panama | 17 |
| 2013 | José Daniel Ramírez | Costa Rica | Sands Pure Lounge, Panama City, Panama | 14 |
| 2014 | Andrio Frazon | Brazil | Veneto Wyndham Grand Hotel, Panama City, Panama | 19 |
| 2015 | José Alfredo Galarza | Puerto Rico | BlueBay City Hotel, Panama City, Panama | 17 |

## Winners by country

| Titles | Country | Victories |
| 1 | Puerto Rico | 2015 |
| 1 | Brazil | 2014 |
| 1 | Costa Rica | 2013 |
| 1 | Malta | 2012 |
| 1 | Bolivia | 2010 |
| 1 | Panama | 2002 |
| 1 | Spain | 2001 |

## Winners by Continent

| Titles | Continent | Victories |
| 5 | Americas | Panama, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Brazil and Puerto Rico (1) |
| 2 | Europe | Spain and Malta (1) |

## Ranking

| Rank | Country | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | Sem | Total |
| 1º | Puerto Rico | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 5 |
| 2º | Spain | 1 | 1 | | | 1 | | 3 |
| 3º | Panama | 1 | 1 | | | | 3 | 5 |
| 4º | Bolivia | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| 5º | Brazil | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| 6º | Costa Rica | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| 7º | Malta | 1 | | | | | | 1 |
| 8º | Latvia | | 1 | 1 | | | | 2 |
| 9º | Mexico | | 1 | | | 1 | | 2 |
| 10º | Ecuador | | 1 | | | | 1 | 2 |
| 11º | Singapore | | 1 | | | | | 1 |
| 12º | Venezuela | | | 2 | 1 | | 4 | 7 |
| 13º | Colombia | | | 1 | | | 2 | 3 |
| 14º | Nicaragua | | | 1 | | | | 1 |
| 15º | Denmark | | | 1 | | | | 1 |
| 16º | Dominican Republic | | | | 1 | | 1 | 2 |
| 17º | Philippines | | | | 1 | | | 1 |
| 18º | United States | | | | | | 3 | 3 |
| 19º | Belgium | | | | | | 2 | 2 |
| 20º | Chile | | | | | | 1 | 1 |
# Castejón del Puente

Castejón del Puente is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 435 inhabitants.
# The Rae Flats and The Raleigh

The Rae Flats and The Raleigh, also known as The Phoenix; The Hotel Raleigh; The Tudor Arms; The Phoenix Apartments, are two historic apartment buildings located in the Allentown neighborhood of Buffalo, New York, United States. The Rae was built about 1892, and is a three-story, polychromatic brick building over a raised basement with Norman inspired detailing. The Rae houses a total of seven apartments. The Raleigh was built about 1896 as a Jewish clubhouse and converted to apartments in 1901. It is a four-story, Romanesque Revival style brick building that houses 28 apartments.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.
# Wilhelm Georg Berger

Wilhelm Georg Berger (born 4 December 1929, Rupea; died 8 March 1993, Bucharest) was a Romanian composer, musicologist, violist and conductor.

## Biography

Berger was born in Rupea, Romania. He learned to play the violin and viola under the instruction of Cecilia Nitulescu-Lupu, Anton Adrian Sarvaş, and Alexandru Rădulescu. He was a violist with the George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra and was also a member of the Romanian Composer Association string quartet.

## Works

Berger had a prolific career as a composer. Among his numerous compositions were 24 symphonies, 21 string quartets, oratories, sonatas, concertos, and organ and mass pieces, a number of which garnered him notable awards. He won the Prince Rainier III Composition Award in Monaco for a violin sonata in 1964, and First Prize in Liège in 1965 for his Sixth String Quartet. One of his violin concertos earned him the First Prize in Brussels in 1966. Several of his works are published by the Romanian record label Electrecord, such as his Tenth Symphony.
His musicological work consists of, among others, a series of books about the artistic qualities of sonatas, another series about string quartets, a guidebook for concertos and books about classical composition theory.
# Kristin (name)

Kristin (/krɪstɪn/) is a female given name. It is a variant of Christina and Christine. It was the seventh most popular first name for girls born in Iceland between 2000 and 2004.

## People

* Kristin Bass, United States Air Force officer
* Kristin Booth, Canadian actress
* Kristin Chenoweth, American singer, actress
* Kristin Davis, American actress
* Kristin Della Rovere (born 2000), Canadian ice hockey player
* Kristín Eiríksdóttir, Icelandic poet and writer
* Kristin Fairlie, Canadian actress
* Kristin Godridge (born 1973), retired tennis player from Australia
* Kristin Gore, American writer
* Kristín Halldórsdóttir, Icelandic politician and journalist
* Kristin Hallenga (1985–2024), West German-born British columnist and philanthropist
* Kristin Hannah, American author
* Kristin Kassner, American politician
* Kristin Kreuk, Canadian actress
* Kristin Mellem (born 1965, Norwegian musician
* Kristin Otto, East German swimmer
* Kristín Ragna Gunnarsdóttir (born 1968), Icelandic children's writer
* Kristin Rossum, American murderer and former toxicologist
* Kristin Scott Thomas, English actress
* Kristin Sigurdsdatter (ca. 1125-1178), Norwegian princess
* Kristin Bauer van Straten, American actress

## Fictional characters

* Kristin Lavransdatter, a character in the trilogy of historical novels of the same name by Sigrid Undset
* Officer Kristin D'Silva, an army officer in Child's Play 3