# Pukou, Nanjing

Pukou District (simplified Chinese: 浦口区; traditional Chinese: 浦口區; pinyin: Pǔkǒu Qū), is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, China, lying northwest across the Yangtze River from downtown Nanjing.
The district was formerly the southern terminus of the Tianjin-Pukou Railway; railcars had to be ferried across the river until it was bridged in 1968.

## Administrative subdivisions

Pukou has administrative jurisdiction to 9 subdistricts:
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Taishan Subdistrict | 泰山街道 | Tàishān Jiēdào | 165,706 | 45 |
| Dingshan Subdistrict | 顶山街道 | Dǐngshān Jiēdào | 47,082 | 39.79 |
| Yanjiang Subdistrict | 沿江街道 | Yánjiāng Jiēdào | 66,329 | 30.9 |
| Jiangpu Subdistrict (Kiangpu) | 江浦街道 | Jiāngpǔ Jiēdào | 164,891 | 195 |
| Qiaolin Subdistrict | 桥林街道 | Qiáolín Jiēdào | 66,973 | 184.95 |
| Tangquan Subdistrict | 汤泉街道 | Tāngquán Jiēdào | 26,950 | 109 |
| Pancheng Subdistrict | 盘城街道 | Pánchéng Jiēdào | 69,815 | 51.5 |
| Xingdian Subdistrict | 星甸街道 | Xīngdiān Jiēdào | 58,006 | 141.19 |
| Yongning Subdistrict | 永宁街道 | Yǒngníng Jiēdào | 44,546 | 115.5 |
* Defunct - Shiqiao Town (石桥镇) merged with Shiqiao Town (星甸镇) & Wujiang Town (乌江镇) merged into Qiaolin Subdistrict

## Geography

Pukou District is located at the northwestern of Nanjing city, between the Yangtze River and Chu River.
It is separated from the main part of the city by the Yangtze River with hundred miles of mountains and forests.
It has an area of 902 square kilometers with a population of 480,000.

### Climate

Pukou District has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Pukou is 15.8 °C (60.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,139.8 mm (44.87 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 28.0 °C (82.4 °F), and lowest in January, at around 2.6 °C (36.7 °F).
Climate data for Pukou District, elevation 47 m (154 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 35.3 (95.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 39.3 (102.7) | 39.5 (103.1) | 38.1 (100.6) | 33.7 (92.7) | 28.5 (83.3) | 22.4 (72.3) | 39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.0 (50.0) | 15.1 (59.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 29.3 (84.7) | 32.4 (90.3) | 31.9 (89.4) | 27.9 (82.2) | 22.7 (72.9) | 16.4 (61.5) | 9.9 (49.8) | 20.9 (69.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) | 5.4 (41.7) | 10.1 (50.2) | 16.2 (61.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 25.0 (77.0) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 23.5 (74.3) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.4 (52.5) | 5.2 (41.4) | 16.3 (61.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) | 1.9 (35.4) | 5.9 (42.6) | 11.4 (52.5) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.3 (70.3) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.6 (76.3) | 20.1 (68.2) | 13.9 (57.0) | 7.5 (45.5) | 1.7 (35.1) | 12.5 (54.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) | −12.6 (9.3) | −6.3 (20.7) | −0.2 (31.6) | 6.7 (44.1) | 12.9 (55.2) | 18.5 (65.3) | 16.8 (62.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 0.8 (33.4) | −5.5 (22.1) | −13.1 (8.4) | −13.1 (8.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52.2 (2.06) | 53.3 (2.10) | 79.3 (3.12) | 77.2 (3.04) | 90.5 (3.56) | 198.2 (7.80) | 224.3 (8.83) | 179.0 (7.05) | 76.4 (3.01) | 57.1 (2.25) | 54.6 (2.15) | 35.3 (1.39) | 1,177.4 (46.36) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.3 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 115.4 |
| Average snowy days | 3.7 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 9.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 72 | 70 | 69 | 70 | 76 | 80 | 79 | 77 | 73 | 74 | 71 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 116.9 | 120.9 | 149.3 | 176.1 | 184.6 | 148.5 | 187.7 | 185.9 | 155.5 | 161.2 | 139.6 | 133.1 | 1,859.3 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 37 | 38 | 40 | 45 | 43 | 35 | 43 | 46 | 42 | 46 | 45 | 43 | 42 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Economy

In 2007, the GDP in the Yangtze River reached 元16.21 billion. There are four towns and seven block offices. Part of Pukou District is now covered under the new strategic economic development area: Jiangbei New Area.

## Sites of interest

Ancient culture left behind a profound history including many cultural heritages. The region also boasts beautiful natural landscapes and many places of interest including National Ancient Mountain and Forest Park, Pearl Spring, Tang Spring, Amber Spring, Damo Stela, Huji Temple Site, Doulv Temple, Wen Temple and old ginkgo trees. A male ceramic mask found in the Panying Mountain Ancient Cultural site is honored as “the ancestor of Nanjing”, the oldest ever found artwork in this area. Pukou District has been the transportation intersection between the northern and southern regions, as well as the Gate of the North in Nanjing city. Facing the Yangtze River and with an overall control of Huai River Area, Pukou District is said to be “the Entrance of Nanjing” and “the Natural Fortress in the northwest” with Jinpu railway and the 312, 328, 104 state roads passing through. The first, second and third Bridge across the Yangtze River make it really convenient to travel.