# Demographics of Moldova

"none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Demographic features of the population of Republic of Moldova include distribution, ethnicity, languages, religious affiliation and other statistical data.

## Overview of the demographic statistics

According to the 2014 Moldovan Census, 2,789,205 people resided in the areas controlled by the central government of Republic of Moldova. Another 209,030 were non-resident citizens living abroad, for a total of 2,998,235.
According to the 2015 census in Transnistria, 475,007 people lived in the breakaway Transnistria, including the city of Bender, and the other localities de facto controlled by Transnistrian authorities. Thus, the total population of the country in 2014 amounted to 3,473,242.
Median age :
| total | 34.3 years (2008 est.) (up from 32.22 years in 2005) |
| male | 32.4 years (up from 30.14 years in 2005) |
| female | 36.4 years (up from 34.27 years in 2005) |
| Literacy rate ||
| total | 96% (1989); 99.1% (2003); 99.1% (2005) |
| male | 99% (1989); 99.6% (2003); 99.7% (2005) |
| female | 94% (1989); 98.7% (2003); 98.6% (2005) |
| definition | age 15 and over can read and write |
| Unemployment rate ||
| 8% (official), 40% (real) ||
| Source: The World Factbook, CIA; UN$^,$ ||

## Urban–rural distribution of population

According to the 2014 census, 1,144,428 residents or 38,2% live in cities while 1,853,807 are rural residents. The largest cities under the control of the constitutional authorities are Chișinău with 644,204 (with 590,631 actual urban dwellers) and Bălți with 102,457 (97,930 urban dwellers). The autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia has 134,535, out of which 48,666 or 36,2% are urban dwellers. Ungheni is the third largest city with 32,828, followed by Cahul with 28,763, Soroca with 22,196 and Orhei with 21,065.

### By district (2004 census)

| no | type | name | population | urban | urban | urban | rural | rural | rural |
| | | | | population | % | cities | population | % | communes |
| 1 | municipality | Chișinău | 712,218 | 644,204 | 90.45% | 7 | 68,014 | 9.55% | 12 |
| 2 | municipality | Bălți | 127,561 | 122,669 | 96.16% | 1 | 4,892 | 3.84% | 2 |
| 3 | auton.territ.unit | Găgăuzia | 155,646 | 58,190 | 37.39% | 3 | 97,456 | 62.61% | 23 |
| 4 | district | Anenii Noi | 81,710 | 8,358 | 10.23% | 1 | 73,352 | 89.77% | 25 |
| 5 | district | Basarabeasca | 28,978 | 11,192 | 38.62% | 1 | 17,786 | 61.38% | 6 |
| 6 | district | Briceni | 78,027 | 14,230 | 18.24% | 2 | 63,797 | 81.76% | 26 |
| 7 | district | Cahul | 119,231 | 35,488 | 29.76% | 1 | 83,743 | 70.24% | 36 |
| 8 | district | Cantemir | 60,001 | 3,872 | 6.45% | 1 | 56,129 | 93.55% | 26 |
| 9 | district | Călărași | 75,075 | 14,516 | 19.34% | 1 | 60,559 | 80.66% | 27 |
| 10 | district | Căușeni | 90,612 | 21,941 | 24.21% | 2 | 68,671 | 75.79% | 25 (out of 28) |
| 11 | district | Cimișlia | 60,925 | 12,858 | 21.10% | 1 | 48,067 | 78.90% | 22 |
| 12 | district | Criuleni | 72,254 | 7,138 | 9.88% | 1 | 65,116 | 90.12% | 24 |
| 13 | district | Dondușeni | 46,442 | 9,801 | 21.10% | 1 | 36,641 | 78.90% | 21 |
| 14 | district | Drochia | 87,092 | 16,606 | 19.07% | 1 | 70,486 | 80.93% | 27 |
| 15 | district | Dubăsari | 43,015 | – | – | – | 34,015 | 100% | 11 |
| 16 | district | Edineț | 81,390 | 23,065 | % | 2 | 58,325 | % | 30 |
| 17 | district | Fălești | 90,320 | 14,931 | % | 1 | 75,389 | % | 32 |
| 18 | district | Florești | 89,389 | 17,086 | % | 3 | 17,086 | % | 37 |
| 19 | district | Glodeni | 60,975 | 10,465 | % | 1 | 50,510 | % | 18 |
| 20 | district | Hîncești | 119,762 | 15,281 | % | 1 | 104,481 | % | 38 |
| 21 | district | Ialoveni | 97,704 | 15,041 | % | 1 | 82,663 | % | 24 |
| 22 | district | Leova | 51,056 | 14,411 | % | 2 | 36,645 | % | 23 |
| 23 | district | Nisporeni | 64,924 | 12,105 | % | 1 | 52,819 | % | 22 |
| 24 | district | Ocnița | 56,510 | 19,270 | % | 3 | 37,240 | % | 18 |
| 25 | district | Orhei | 116,271 | 25,641 | % | 1 | 90,630 | % | 37 |
| 26 | district | Rezina | 48,105 | 10,196 | % | 1 | 37,909 | % | 24 |
| 27 | district | Rîșcani | 69,454 | 13,351 | % | 2 | 56,103 | % | 26 |
| 28 | district | Sîngerei | 87,153 | 15,760 | % | 2 | 71,393 | % | 24 |
| 29 | district | Soroca | 94,986 | 28,362 | % | 1 | 66,624 | % | 34 |
| 30 | district | Strășeni | 88,900 | 19,633 | % | 2 | 69,267 | % | 25 |
| 31 | district | Șoldănești | 42,227 | 6,304 | % | 1 | 35,923 | % | 22 |
| 32 | district | Ștefan Vodă | 70,594 | 7,768 | % | 1 | 62,826 | % | 22 |
| 33 | district | Taraclia | 43,154 | 13,756 | % | 1 | 29,398 | % | 14 |
| 34 | district | Telenești | 70,126 | 6,855 | % | 1 | 63,271 | % | 30 |
| 35 | district | Ungheni | 110,545 | 35,311 | % | 2 | 75,234 | % | 31 |
| Subtotal control by central government | Subtotal control by central government | Subtotal control by central government | 3,383,332 | 1,305,655 | 38.59% | 54 | 2,077,677 | 61.41% | 844 |
| 36 | territorial unit | Transnistria | 383,806 | 280,640$^1$ | 63.85% | 10 | 158,888$^1$ | 36.15% | 69 |
| 37 | municipality | Bender | 91,197 | 88,055 | 96.86% | 1 | 3,142 | 3.14% | 1 |
| 10 | parts of district | Căușeni | 14,935 | – | – | – | 14,935 | 100% | 3 (out of 28) |
| 15 | parts of district | Dubăsari | 715 | – | – | – | 715 | 100% | parts of 1 |
| Subtotal control by breakaway Tiraspol | Subtotal control by breakaway Tiraspol | Subtotal control by breakaway Tiraspol | 555,347 | 377,667 | 68.01% | 11 | 177,680 | 31.99% | 73 |
| Total | Total | Total | 3,938,679 | 1,683,322 | 42.74% | 65 | 2,255,357 | 57.26% | 917 |
Note: $^1$The breakaway Transnistrian authorities count as rural the population of the towns of Crasnoe, Maiac, and Tiraspolul Nou. Since their exact population isn't available, so does this table.

### Transnistrian-controlled areas (2015 cens.)

| | Population | urban | urban | rural | rural |
| | | population | cities | population | communes |
| Tiraspol | 129,367 | 129,367 | 1 | – | – |
| Camenca District | 20 542 | ? | 1 | ? | 12 |
| Rîbnița District | 69,000 | ? | 1 | ? | 22 |
| Dubăsari District | 31,000 | ? | 1 | ? | 9 |
| Grigoriopol District | 40,000 | ?$^1$ | 2 | ?$^1$ | 14 |
| Slobozia District | 84,000 | ?$^2$ | 4 | ?$^2$ | 12 |
| Subtotal Transnistria | 383,806 | ? | 10 | ? | 69 |
| Bender (w/o Proteagailovca) | 91,197 | 91,197 | 1 | – | – |
| Proteagailovca | 3,142 | – | – | 3,142 | 1 |
| Gîsca | 4,841 | – | – | 4,841 | 1 |
| Chițcani (incl. Merenești and Zahorna) | ~9,000 | – | – | ~9,000 | 1 |
| Cremenciug | 1,094 | – | – | 1,094 | 1 |
| Roghi | 715 | – | – | 715 | parts of 1 |
| Subotal other localities | 109,989 | 91,197 | 1 | 18,792 | 4 |
| Total Tiraspol-controlled areas | 475,003 | 333,003 | 11 | 142,000 | 73 |
Note: $^1$ The breakaway Transnistrian authorities have counties as urban only the population of the town of Grigoriopol, while that of the town of Maiac was counted as rural. $^2$ The breakaway Transnistrian authorities have counties as urban only the population of the towns of Slobozia and Dnestrovsc, while those of the towns of Crasnoe and Tiraspolul Nou were counted as rural.

## Vital statistics
### Bessarabia Governorate (1900–1914)

| | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000 |
| 1900 | 2,037,000 | 83,306 | 48,480 | 34,826 | 40.9 | 23.8 | 17.1 | |
| 1901 | 2,073,000 | 87,797 | 46,296 | 41,501 | 42.3 | 22.3 | 20.0 | -2.3 |
| 1902 | 2,113,000 | 96,641 | 55,423 | 41,218 | 45.7 | 26.2 | 19.5 | -0.2 |
| 1903 | 2,154,000 | 94,936 | 53,236 | 41,700 | 44.1 | 24.7 | 19.4 | 0 |
| 1904 | 2,194,000 | 99,265 | 55,436 | 43,829 | 45.3 | 25.3 | 20.0 | -1.4 |
| 1905 | 2,237,000 | 80,085 | 62,387 | 17,698 | 35.8 | 27.9 | 7.9 | 11.7 |
| 1906 | 2,267,000 | 95,090 | 55,638 | 39,452 | 41.9 | 24.5 | 17.4 | -4.0 |
| 1907 | 2,303,000 | 107,195 | 59,964 | 47,231 | 46.5 | 26.0 | 20.5 | -4.6 |
| 1908 | 2,345,000 | 96,088 | 54,772 | 41,316 | 41.0 | 23.4 | 17.6 | 0.6 |
| 1909 | 2,395,000 | 105,681 | 62,498 | 43,183 | 44.1 | 26.1 | 18.0 | 3.3 |
| 1910 | 2,441,000 | 101,544 | 77,356 | 24,188 | 41.6 | 31.7 | 9.9 | 9.3 |
| 1911 | 2,488,000 | 97,864 | 74,093 | 23,771 | 39.3 | 29.8 | 9.6 | 9.7 |
| 1912 | 2,540,000 | 102,654 | 77,431 | 25,223 | 40.4 | 30.5 | 9.9 | 11.0 |
| 1913 | 2,602,000 | 102,397 | 77,745 | 24,652 | 39.4 | 29.9 | 9.5 | 14.9 |
| 1914 | 2,625,000 | 100,871 | 79,202 | 21,669 | 38.4 | 30.2 | 8.3 | 0.5 |

### After WW II, total area

| | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Urban Fertility | Rural Fertility |
| 1945 | 2,028,000(e) | 42,795 | 78,797 | −36,002 | 21.1 | 38.9 | −17.8 | |
| 1946 | 2,254,000(e) | 64,462 | 64,371 | 91 | 28.6 | 28.5 | 0.1 | 111.3 |
| 1947 | 2,188,000(e) | 57,555 | 165,049 | −107,494 | 26.3 | 75.5 | −49.2 | 19.9 |
| 1948 | 2,126,000(e) | 73,123 | 35,846 | 37,277 | 34.4 | 16.9 | 17.5 | 19.9 |
| 1949 | 2,236,000(e) | 94,180 | 30,407 | 63,773 | 42.1 | 13.6 | 28.5 | 23.2 |
| 1950 | 2,341,000 | 91,137 | 26,363 | 64,774 | 38.9 | 11.3 | 27.7 | 19.3 |
| 1951 | 2,381,000 | 91,645 | 25,957 | 65,688 | 38.5 | 10.9 | 27.6 | -10.5 |
| 1952 | 2,432,000 | 80,918 | 30,968 | 49,950 | 33.3 | 12.7 | 20.5 | 0.9 |
| 1953 | 2,491,000 | 79,041 | 23,257 | 55,784 | 31.7 | 9.3 | 22.4 | 1.9 |
| 1954 | 2,557,000 | 83,607 | 24,077 | 59,530 | 32.7 | 9.4 | 23.3 | 3.2 |
| 1955 | 2,627,000 | 79,772 | 21,864 | 57,908 | 30.4 | 8.3 | 22.0 | 5.4 |
| 1956 | 2,701,000 | 81,372 | 20,109 | 61,263 | 30.1 | 7.4 | 22.7 | 5.5 |
| 1957 | 2,777,000 | 85,743 | 21,114 | 64,629 | 30.9 | 7.6 | 23.3 | 4.8 |
| 1958 | 2,853,000 | 87,502 | 18,741 | 68,761 | 30.7 | 6.6 | 24.1 | 3.3 | 3.54 | | |
| 1959 | 2,929,000 | 92,176 | 21,467 | 70,709 | 31.5 | 7.3 | 24.1 | 2.5 | 3.64 | | |
| 1960 | 3,003,000 | 87,910 | 19,290 | 68,620 | 29.3 | 6.4 | 22.9 | 2.4 | 3.41 | | |
| 1961 | 3,073,000 | 86,683 | 19,590 | 67,093 | 28.2 | 6.4 | 21.8 | 1.5 | 3.20 | | |
| 1962 | 3,141,000 | 80,494 | 21,365 | 59,129 | 25.6 | 6.8 | 18.8 | 3.3 | 3.00 | | |
| 1963 | 3,208,000 | 78,422 | 20,737 | 57,685 | 24.4 | 6.5 | 18.0 | 3.3 | 2.89 | | |
| 1964 | 3,273,000 | 73,583 | 19,944 | 53,639 | 22.5 | 6.1 | 16.4 | 3.9 | 2.71 | | |
| 1965 | 3,335,000 | 67,996 | 20,571 | 47,425 | 20.4 | 6.2 | 14.2 | 4.7 | 2.68 | | |
| 1966 | 3,395,000 | 71,406 | 21,474 | 49,932 | 21.0 | 6.3 | 14.5 | 3.5 | 2.73 | | |
| 1967 | 3,453,000 | 71,380 | 23,406 | 47,974 | 20.7 | 6.8 | 13.7 | 3.4 | 2.69 | | |
| 1968 | 3,506,000 | 69,997 | 24,268 | 45,729 | 20.0 | 6.9 | 13.0 | 2.3 | 2.65 | | |
| 1969 | 3,549,000 | 67,575 | 26,249 | 41,326 | 19.0 | 7.4 | 11.5 | 0.8 | 2.58 | | |
| 1970 | 3,594,000 | 69,778 | 26,577 | 43,201 | 19.4 | 7.4 | 12.0 | 0.7 | 2.56 | | |
| 1971 | 3,647,000 | 73,643 | 27,889 | 45,754 | 20.2 | 7.6 | 12.5 | 2.2 | 2.63 | | |
| 1972 | 3,700,000 | 76,198 | 28,001 | 48,197 | 20.6 | 7.6 | 13.0 | 1.5 | 2.63 | | |
| 1973 | 3,748,000 | 76,339 | 30,756 | 45,583 | 20.4 | 8.2 | 12.2 | 0.8 | 2.59 | | |
| 1974 | 3,794,000 | 77,474 | 32,216 | 45,258 | 20.4 | 8.5 | 11.9 | 0.4 | 2.55 | | |
| 1975 | 3,839,000 | 79,169 | 35,635 | 43,534 | 20.6 | 9.3 | 11.3 | 0.6 | 2.52 | | |
| 1976 | 3,877,000 | 79,863 | 34,812 | 45,051 | 20.6 | 9.0 | 11.6 | -1.7 | 2.46 | | |
| 1977 | 3,910,000 | 79,022 | 37,250 | 41,772 | 20.2 | 9.5 | 10.7 | -2.2 | 2.40 | | |
| 1978 | 3,936,000 | 78,994 | 38,410 | 40,584 | 20.1 | 9.8 | 10.3 | -3.7 | 2.38 | 1.70 | 3.00 |
| 1979 | 3,967,000 | 80,152 | 41,729 | 38,423 | 20.2 | 10.5 | 9.7 | -1.8 | 2.39 | 1.80 | 2.90 |
| 1980 | 4,010,000 | 79,580 | 40,472 | 39,108 | 19.8 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 1.0 | 2.41 | 1.80 | 2.90 |
| 1981 | 4,054,000 | 82,279 | 41,476 | 40,803 | 20.3 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 0.9 | 2.45 | 1.80 | 3.10 |
| 1982 | 4,097,000 | 83,258 | 41,046 | 42,212 | 20.3 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 0.3 | 2.43 | 1.79 | 3.19 |
| 1983 | 4,137,000 | 91,304 | 44,329 | 46,975 | 22.1 | 10.7 | 11.4 | -1.6 | 2.57 | 1.87 | 3.46 |
| 1984 | 4,175,000 | 89,637 | 45,537 | 44,100 | 21.5 | 10.9 | 10.6 | -1.4 | 2.67 | 1.95 | 3.65 |
| 1985 | 4,214,000 | 90,453 | 46,075 | 44,378 | 21.5 | 10.9 | 10.5 | -1.2 | 2.70 | 2.00 | 3.70 |
| 1986 | 4,255,000 | 94,726 | 40,437 | 54,289 | 22.3 | 9.5 | 12.8 | -3.1 | 2.78 | 2.00 | 3.80 |
| 1987 | 4,290,000 | 91,762 | 40,185 | 51,577 | 21.4 | 9.4 | 12.0 | -3.8 | 2.70 | 2.10 | 3.80 |
| 1988 | 4,321,000 | 88,568 | 40,912 | 47,656 | 20.5 | 9.5 | 11.0 | -3.8 | 2.63 | 2.00 | 3.60 |
| 1989 | 4,349,000 | 82,221 | 40,113 | 42,108 | 18.9 | 9.2 | 9.7 | -3.2 | 2.46 | 2.02 | 3.00 |
| 1990 | 4,364,000 | 77,085 | 42,427 | 34,658 | 17.7 | 9.7 | 7.9 | -4.5 | 2.39 | 1.91 | 3.07 |
| 1991 | 4,363,000 | 72,020 | 45,849 | 26,171 | 16.5 | 10.5 | 6.0 | -6.2 | 2.26 | 1.79 | 2.84 |
| 1992 | 4,353,000 | 69,654 | 44,522 | 25,132 | 16.0 | 10.2 | 5.8 | -8.1 | 2.21 | 1.68 | 2.86 |
| 1993 | 4,350,000 | 66,179 | 46,637 | 19,542 | 15.2 | 10.7 | 4.5 | -5.2 | 2.10 | 1.53 | 2.77 |
| 1994 | 4,350,000 | 62,085 | 51,514 | 10,571 | 14.3 | 12.0 | 2.3 | -2.3 | 1.95 | 1.44 | 2.54 |
| 1995 | 4,340,000 | 56,411 | 52,969 | 3,442 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 0.8 | -3.1 | 1.76 | 1.31 | 2.24 |
| 1996 | 4,325,000 | 51,865 | 49,748 | 2,117 | 12.0 | 11.5 | 0.5 | -4.0 | 1.60 | 1.19 | 2.05 |
| 1997 | 4,311,000 | 51,286 | 51,138 | 148 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 0.0 | -3.2 | 1.55 | | |
| 1998 | 4,318,000 | 46,705 | 47,691 | −986 | 10.8 | 11.0 | −0.2 | 1.8 | 1.48 | | |
| 1999 | 4,307,000 | 43,511 | 48,904 | −5,393 | 10.1 | 11.4 | −1.3 | -1.2 | 1.43 | | |
(e)= estimate

### Moldova under central government control

* Source: National Bureau of Statistics
| | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) | Urban TFR | Rural TFR | Life Expectancy (total) | Life Expectancy (male) | Life Expectancy (female) |
| 1997 | 3,654,000 | 45,583 | 42,957 | 2,626 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 0.7 | | 1.73 | 1.36 | 2.09 | 66.61 | 62.86 | 70.30 |
| 1998 | 3,652,000 | 41,332 | 39,922 | 1,410 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 0.4 | -0.9 | 1.67 | 1.32 | 2.03 | 67.77 | 64.03 | 71.39 |
| 1999 | 3,647,000 | 38,501 | 41,315 | −2,814 | 10.6 | 11.3 | −0.8 | -0.6 | 1.61 | 1.26 | 1.97 | 67.44 | 63.74 | 71.04 |
| 2000 | 3,640,000 | 36,939 | 41,224 | −4,285 | 10.2 | 11.3 | −1.2 | -0.7 | 1.57 | 1.23 | 1.95 | 67.59 | 63.87 | 71.22 |
| 2001 | 3,631,000 | 36,448 | 40,075 | −3,627 | 10.0 | 11.0 | −1.0 | -1.5 | 1.48 | 1.21 | 1.92 | 68.20 | 64.50 | 71.75 |
| 2002 | 3,623,000 | 35,705 | 41,852 | −6,147 | 9.9 | 11.6 | −1.7 | -0.5 | 1.41 | 1.13 | 1.89 | 68.13 | 64.40 | 71.71 |
| 2003 | 3,613,000 | 36,471 | 43,079 | −6,608 | 10.1 | 11.9 | −1.8 | -1.0 | 1.47 | 1.18 | 1.88 | 68.13 | 64.47 | 71.64 |
| 2004 | 3,604,000 | 38,272 | 41,668 | −3,396 | 10.6 | 11.6 | −0.9 | -1.6 | 1.50 | 1.19 | 1.91 | 68.38 | 64.50 | 72.16 |
| 2005 | 3,595,000 | 37,695 | 44,689 | −6,994 | 10.5 | 12.4 | −1.9 | -0.6 | 1.219 | 0.94 | 1.301 | 67.85 | 63.84 | 71.66 |
| 2006 | 3,586,000 | 37,587 | 43,137 | −5,550 | 10.5 | 12.0 | −1.5 | -1.0 | 1.228 | 1.025 | 1.387 | 68.40 | 64.57 | 72.23 |
| 2007 | 3,577,000 | 37,973 | 43,050 | −5,077 | 10.6 | 12.0 | −1.4 | -1.1 | 1.256 | 0.973 | 1.543 | 68.79 | 65.04 | 72.56 |
| 2008 | 3,570,000 | 39,018 | 41,948 | −2,930 | 10.9 | 11.7 | −0.8 | -1.2 | 1.277 | 1.018 | 1.533 | 69.36 | 65.55 | 73.17 |
| 2009 | 3,566,000 | 40,803 | 42,139 | −1,336 | 11.4 | 11.8 | −0.4 | -0.7 | 1.326 | 1.048 | 1.582 | 69.31 | 65.31 | 73.37 |
| 2010 | 3,563,000 | 40,474 | 43,631 | −3,157 | 11.4 | 12.3 | −0.9 | 0.1 | 1.309 | 1.055 | 1.531 | 69.11 | 65.00 | 73.41 |
| 2011 | 3,560,000 | 39,182 | 39,249 | −67 | 11.0 | 11.0 | −0.0 | -0.8 | 1.266 | 1.009 | 1.482 | 70.88 | 66.82 | 74.93 |
| 2012 | 3,560,000 | 39,435 | 39,560 | −125 | 11.0 | 11.1 | −0.1 | 0.1 | 1.279 | 1.030 | 1.483 | 71.12 | 67.24 | 74.99 |
| 2013 | 3,559,000 | 37,871 | 38,060 | −189 | 10.6 | 10.7 | −0.1 | -0.2 | 1.238 | 0.975 | 1.449 | 71.85 | 68.05 | 75.55 |
| 2014 | 2,857,815 | 40,709 | 39,522 | 1,187 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 0.5 | -197.5 | 1.82 | 1.52 | 2.04 | 69.33 | 65.20 | 73.60 |
| 2015 | 2,835,978 | 40,547 | 39,800 | 747 | 14.4 | 14.1 | 0.4 | -8.0 | 1.87 | 1.52 | 2.11 | 69.37 | 65.22 | 73.72 |
| 2016 | 2,803,186 | 39,640 | 38,412 | 1,228 | 14.3 | 13.7 | 0.5 | -12.1 | 1.89 | 1.56 | 2.12 | 69.85 | 65.68 | 74.20 |
| 2017 | 2,755,189 | 36,363 | 36,779 | −416 | 13.2 | 13.3 | −0.2 | -16.9 | 1.81 | 1.49 | 2.03 | 70.77 | 66.71 | 74.92 |
| 2018 | 2,707,203 | 34,537 | 37,263 | −2,726 | 12.8 | 13.8 | −1.0 | -16.4 | 1.81 | 1.48 | 2.03 | 70.6 | 66.3 | 75.0 |
| 2019 | 2,664,224 | 32,423 | 36,411 | −3,988 | 12.2 | 13.7 | −1.5 | -14.4 | 1.78 | 1.47 | 1.99 | 70.9 | 66.8 | 75.2 |
| 2020 | 2,635,130 | 30,834 | 40,717 | −9,883 | 11.7 | 15.5 | −3.8 | -7.1 | 1.76 | 1.46 | 1.98 | 69.9 | 66.0 | 73.9 |
| 2021 | 2,595,809 | 29,320 | 45,464 | −16,144 | 11.3 | 17.5 | −6.2 | -8.7 | 1.75 | 1.48 | 1.94 | 69.0 | 65.1 | 72.9 |
| 2022 | 2,538,894 | 27,018 | 36,196 | –9,178 | 10.6 | 14.3 | −3.6 | -18.3 | 1.69 | 1.46 | 1.87 | 71.4 | 67.1 | 75.7 |
| 2023 | 2,492,300 | 24,033 | 33,733 | –9,700 | 9.8 | 13.7 | −3.9 | | 1.61 | | | 72.0 | 67.5 | 76.4 |
* Starting with 2014, the sharp changes in the statistics are because of the new calculation methods and according with the latest census, and include only data of resident people that lived in the country predominantly during the last 12 months, regardless of temporary absences (for the purpose of recreation, vacations, visits to relatives and friends, business, medical treatment, religious pilgrimages, etc.).

### Current vital statistics

| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
| January – September 2023 | 15,682 | 25,354 | -9,672 |
| January – September 2024 | 15,518 | 25,253 | -9,735 |
| Difference | -164 (-1.05%) | -101 (-0.4%) | -63 |

### Structure of the population

| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 1 352 099 | 1 452 702 | 2 804 801 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 88 311 | 83 681 | 171 992 | 6.13 |
| 5–9 | 82 455 | 78 229 | 160 684 | 5.73 |
| 10–14 | 77 275 | 72 752 | 150 027 | 5.35 |
| 15–19 | 93 727 | 89 965 | 183 692 | 6.55 |
| 20–24 | 118 376 | 112 777 | 231 153 | 8.24 |
| 25–29 | 129 771 | 121 694 | 251 465 | 8.97 |
| 30–34 | 109 201 | 105 669 | 214 870 | 7.66 |
| 35–39 | 95 575 | 95 220 | 190 795 | 6.80 |
| 40–44 | 87 451 | 89 455 | 176 906 | 6.31 |
| 45–49 | 84 288 | 89 276 | 173 564 | 6.19 |
| 50–54 | 98 512 | 110 162 | 208 674 | 7.44 |
| 55–59 | 93 612 | 110 213 | 203 825 | 7.27 |
| 60–64 | 79 681 | 102 009 | 181 690 | 6.48 |
| 65-69 | 39 652 | 55 755 | 95 407 | 3.40 |
| 70-74 | 32 645 | 52 625 | 85 270 | 3.04 |
| 75-79 | 22 757 | 42 339 | 65 096 | 2.32 |
| 80-84 | 12 543 | 25 437 | 37 980 | 1.35 |
| 85-89 | 4 801 | 11 701 | 16 502 | 0.59 |
| 90-94 | 1 148 | 3 129 | 4 277 | 0.15 |
| 95-99 | 158 | 416 | 574 | 0.02 |
| 100+ | 160 | 198 | 358 | 0.01 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 248 041 | 234 662 | 482 703 | 17.21 |
| 15–64 | 990 194 | 1 026 440 | 2 016 634 | 71.90 |
| 65+ | 113 864 | 191 600 | 305 464 | 10.89 |
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 1 247 309 | 1 367 890 | 2 615 199 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 78 991 | 73 900 | 152 891 | 5.85 |
| 5–9 | 86 335 | 81 443 | 167 777 | 6.42 |
| 10–14 | 80 298 | 76 162 | 156 459 | 5.98 |
| 15–19 | 70 362 | 66 581 | 136 943 | 5.24 |
| 20–24 | 67 961 | 64 991 | 132 952 | 5.08 |
| 25–29 | 86 318 | 86 189 | 172 505 | 6.60 |
| 30–34 | 105 175 | 104 312 | 209 486 | 8.01 |
| 35–39 | 102 957 | 102 774 | 205 730 | 7.87 |
| 40–44 | 87 693 | 89 962 | 177 654 | 6.79 |
| 45–49 | 83 770 | 87 522 | 171 291 | 6.55 |
| 50–54 | 78 838 | 84 168 | 163 005 | 6.23 |
| 55–59 | 82 822 | 95 630 | 178 450 | 6.82 |
| 60–64 | 87 913 | 110 597 | 198 508 | 7.59 |
| 65-69 | 66 170 | 94 832 | 161 002 | 6.16 |
| 70-74 | 44 974 | 72 212 | 117 186 | 4.48 |
| 75-79 | 18 045 | 34 127 | 52 171 | 1.99 |
| 80-84 | 12 325 | 27 466 | 39 788 | 1.52 |
| 85+ | 6 380 | 15 045 | 21 425 | 0.82 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 245 624 | 231 505 | 477 129 | 18.24 |
| 15–64 | 853 791 | 892 703 | 1 746 494 | 66.78 |
| 65+ | 147 894 | 243 682 | 391 576 | 14.97 |

### Transnistrian-controlled areas

Source:
| | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) |
| 1997 | 657,000 | 5,703 | 8,181 | −2,478 | 8.7 | 12.5 | −3.8 |
| 1998 | 665,700 | 5,373 | 7,769 | -2,396 | 8.1 | 11.7 | -3.6 |
| 1999 | 660,000 | 5,010 | 7,589 | -2,579 | 7.6 | 11.5 | -3.9 |
| 2000 | 651,800 | 5,010 | 7,770 | -2,760 | 7.7 | 11.9 | -4.2 |
| 2001 | 642,500 | 4,505 | 7,759 | -3,254 | 7.0 | 12.1 | -5.1 |
| 2002 | 633,600 | 4,630 | 8,118 | -3,488 | 7.3 | 12.8 | -5.5 |
| 2003 | 623,800 | 4,440 | 8,192 | -3,752 | 7.1 | 13.1 | -6.0 |
| 2004 | 554,400 | 4,840 | 8,031 | -3,191 | 8.7 | 14.5 | -5.8 |
| 2005 | 547,500 | 4,664 | 8,186 | -3,522 | 8.5 | 15.0 | -7.5 |
| 2006 | 540,600 | 4,868 | 8,306 | -3,438 | 9.0 | 15.4 | -6.4 |
| 2007 | 533,500 | 4,893 | 8,132 | -3,239 | 9.2 | 15.2 | -6.1 |
| 2008 | 527,500 | 5,290 | 7,967 | -2,677 | 10.0 | 15.1 | -5.1 |
| 2009 | 522,500 | 5,189 | 7,454 | -2,265 | 9.9 | 14.3 | -4.3 |
| 2010 | 518,000 | 5,189 | 7,709 | -2,520 | 10.0 | 14.9 | -4.9 |
| 2011 | 513,400 | 4,999 | 7,289 | -2,290 | 9.7 | 14.2 | -4.5 |
| 2012 | 509,400 | 5,173 | 7,280 | -2,107 | 10.2 | 14.3 | -4.1 |
| 2013 | 505,200 | 4,806 | 6,867 | -2,061 | 9.5 | 13.6 | -4.1 |
| 2014 | 500,700 | 4,994 | 7,313 | -2,319 | 10.0 | 14.6 | -4.6 |
| 2015 | 474,500 | 4,959 | 7,094 | -2,135 | 10.5 | 15.0 | -4.5 |
| 2016 | 470,600 | 4,676 | 6,758 | -2,082 | 9.9 | 14.4 | -4.5 |
| 2017 | 469,000 | 4,500 | 6,684 | -2,184 | 9.6 | 14.3 | -4.7 |
| 2018 | 465,100 | 4,086 | 6,727 | -2,641 | 8.8 | 14.5 | -5.7 |
| 2019 | 465,200 | 3,646 | 6,810 | -3,164 | 7.8 | 14.6 | -6.8 |
| 2020 | 465,800 | 3,463 | 7,258 | -3,795 | 7.4 | 15.6 | -8.1 |
| 2021 | 465,300 | 3,144 | 8,980 | -5,836 | 6.8 | 19.3 | -12.5 |
| 2022 | 459,800 | 2,820 | 6,483 | -3,663 | 6.1 | 14.1 | -8.0 |
| 2023 | 455,700 | 2,588 | 6,152 | -3,564 | 5.7 | 13.5 | -7.8 |

### Current vital statistics

| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
| January – December 2022 | 2,820 | 6,483 | -3,663 |
| January – December 2023 | 2,588 | 6,152 | -3,564 |
| Difference | -232 (-8.2%) | -331 (-5.1%) | 99 |

### Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey)

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):
| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
| 2005 | 12,0 | 1,7 | 12,5 | 1,5 | 11,7 | 1,8 |

## Ethnic groups

Out of the 2,804,801 people covered by the 2014 Moldovan census, 2,754,719 gave an answer as to their ethnic affiliation. Among them, 2,068,068 or 73.7% declared themselves Moldovans and 192,800 or 6.9% Romanians. Some organisations such as the Liberal party of Moldova have criticised the census results, claiming Romanians comprise 85% of the population and that census officials have pressured respondents to declare themselves Moldovans instead of Romanians and have purposefully failed to cover urban respondents who are more likely to declared themselves Romanians as opposed to Moldovans.
At the same time, 181,035 declared themselves Ukrainians, 111,726 Russians, 126,010 Gagauz and 51,867 Bulgarians. The proportion of Ukrainians and Russians in the area controlled by Chișinău has fallen from 8,4% to 6,5% and 5,9% to 4,0% respectively between 2004 and 2014. Meanwhile, the percentage of Gagauz has risen slightly from 4,4% in 2004 to 4,5% in 2014.
The proportion of Ukrainians and Russians in the previous 2004 census also decreased considerably in comparison to the last Soviet census in 1989: from 13.8% to 11.2% and from 13.0% to 9.4% respectively out of the combined population including Transnistria. This is mostly due to emigration. Of the total population that declared its ethnicity, in the 2024 census, people who declared themselves Moldovan and Romanian constituted 77.2% and 7.9%, respectively. Among the ethnic minorities, 4.9% declared themselves Ukrainian, 4.2% Gagauz, 3.2% Russian, 1.6% Bulgarian, 0.4% Roma/Gypsy and 0.5% other ethnicities.
Of the total population that declared its ethnicity, in the 2024 census, people who declared themselves Moldovan and Romanian constituted 77.2% and 7.9%, respectively. Among the ethnic minorities, 4.9% declared themselves Ukrainian, 4.2% Gagauz, 3.2% Russian, 1.6% Bulgarian, 0.4% Roma/Gypsy and 0.5% other ethnicities. Of the total urban population that declared its ethnicity in 2024, people who declared themselves Moldovan and Romanian constituted 70.5% and 9.7% respectively. Among the ethnic minorities, 6.1% declared themselves Ukrainian, 5.9% Russian, 4.1% Gagauz, 2.1% Bulgarian, 0.6% Roma/Gypsy and 1% other ethnicities. In Chișinău, the proportion was 72.9% Moldovans, 13.1% Romanians, 5.9% Russians, 5.1% Ukrainians, 0.8% Gagauz, 0.9% Bulgarians, 0.1% Roma/Gypsies and 1.2% other ethnicities.
Ukrainians mostly live in the east (Transnistria) and the north, while Russians mostly live in urban areas: 27% of all Russians live in Chișinău, 18% live in Tiraspol, 11% in Bender and 6% in Bălți. Most of the Gagauz live in the south of Moldova in the autonomous region of Gagauzia.

### Total area

Population of Moldova according to ethnic group 1959–2024 :
| Ethnic group | census 1959$^1$ | census 1959$^1$ | census 1970$^2$ | census 1970$^2$ | census 1979$^3$ | census 1979$^3$ | census 1989$^4$ | census 1989$^4$ | census 2004$^5$ | census 2004$^5$ | census 2014$^5$ | census 2014$^5$ | census 2024$^6$ | census 2024$^6$ |
| Ethnic group | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Moldovans$^*$ | 1,886,566 | 65.4 | 2,303,916 | 64.6 | 2,525,687 | 63.9 | 2,794,749 | 64.5 | 2,742,231 | 69.6 | 2,068,058 | 75.1 | 1,792,200$^6$ | 77.2 |
| Romanians$^*$ | 1,663 | 0.1 | 1,581 | 0.0 | 1,657 | 0.0 | 2,477 | 0.1 | 73,529 | 1.9 | 192,800 | 7.0 | 183,500$^6$ | 7.9 |
| Ukrainians | 420,820 | 14.6 | 506,560 | 14.2 | 560,679 | 14.2 | 600,366 | 13.8 | 442,475 | 11.2 | 181,035 | 6.6 | 114,400$^6$ | 4.9 |
| Gagauzians | 95,856 | 3.3 | 124,902 | 3.5 | 138,000 | 3.5 | 153,548 | 3.5 | 151,596 | 3.8 | 126,010 | 4.6 | 98,200$^6$ | 4.2 |
| Russians | 292,930 | 10.2 | 414,444 | 11.6 | 505,730 | 12.8 | 562,069 | 13.0 | 369,896 | 9.4 | 111,726 | 4.1 | 75,300$^6$ | 3.2 |
| Bulgarians | 61,652 | 2.1 | 73,776 | 2.1 | 80,665 | 2.0 | 88,419 | 2.0 | 79,520 | 2.0 | 51,867 | 1.9 | 37,000$^6$ | 1.6 |
| Romani | 7,265 | 0.3 | 9,235 | 0.3 | 10,666 | 0.3 | 11,571 | 0.3 | 12,778 | 0.3 | 9,323 | 0.3 | 8,900$^6$ | 0.4 |
| Jews | 95,104 | 3.3 | 98,062 | 2.7 | 80,124 | 2.0 | 65,799 | 1.5 | 4,867 | 0.1 | 1,601 | <0.1 | | |
| Poles | 4,783 | 0.2 | 4,899 | 0.1 | 4,961 | 0.1 | 4,739 | 0.1 | 4,174 | 0.1 | 1,404 | <0.1 | | |
| Others | 17,838 | 0.6 | 31,498 | 0.9 | 41,587 | 1.1 | 51,623 | 1.2 | 57,613 | 1.5 | 10,900 | 0.5 | 12,500$^6$ | 0.5 |
| Total | 2,884,477 | 2,884,477 | 3,568,873 | 3,568,873 | 3,949,756 | 3,949,756 | 4,335,360 | 4,335,360 | 3,938,679 | 3,938,679 | 2,998,235 | 2,998,235 | 2,401,200 | 2,401,200 |
| $^1$ Source: Archived 16 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. $^2$ Source: Archived 3 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine. $^3$ Source: Archived 24 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. $^4$ Source: Archived 16 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine. $^5$ Source: Archived 30 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Archived 7 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine $^5$:2004 combined censuses of the government-controlled area and Transnistria. $^6$ Source: $^6$:2014 and 2024 censuses were conducted only in government-controlled area. $^6$: Data presented is based on the enumerated usually resident population.$^*$ There is an ongoing controversy, whether Romanians and Moldovans should be counted together. |||||||||||||||
Declared country of birth for the current inhabitants of the part of Moldova under the central government control, according to the 2004 census:
| ethnic group | total population | total population | total population | total population | total population | urban | urban | urban | urban | urban | rural | rural | rural | rural | rural |
| | total | Moldova | former USSR | other countries | non-declared | total | Moldova | former USSR | other countries | non-declared | total | Moldova | former USSR | other countries | non-declared |
| Moldovans and Romanians | 2,638,125 100% | 2,604,051 98.71% | 30,360 1.15% | 3,345 0.13% | 369 0.01% | 870,445 100% | 848,554 % | 19,501 % | 2,081 % | 309 % | 1,767,680 100% | 1,755,497 % | 10,859 % | 1,264 % | 60 % |
| Ukrainians | 282,406 100% | 227,750 80.65% | 54,036 19.13% | 598 0.21% | 22 0.01% | 145,890 100% | 103,039 % | 42,318 % | 514 % | 19 % | 136,516 100% | % | 11,718 % | 84 % | 3 % |
| Russians | 201,218 100% | 129,664 64.44% | 70,380 34.98% | 1,096 0.54% | 78 0.04% | 166,395 100% | 106,580 % | 58,739 % | 1,011 % | 65 % | 34,823 100% | 23,084 % | 11,641 % | 85 % | 13 % |
| Gagauzians | 147,500 100% | 144,268 97.81% | 3,101 2.10% | 120 0.08% | 11 0.01% | 53,613 100% | 51,586 % | 1,941 % | 76 % | 10 % | 93,887 100% | 92,682 % | 1,160 % | 44 % | 1 % |
| Bulgarians | 65,662 100% | 59,489 90.60% | 5,968 9.09% | 199 0.30% | 6 0.01% | 29,447 100% | 25,215 % | 4,071 % | 156 % | 5 % | 36,215 100% | 34,274 % | 1,897 % | 43 % | 1 % |
| others | 34,401 100% | 22,702 65.99% | 10,797 31.39% | 894 2.60% | 8 0.02% | 26,058 100% | 16,973 % | 8,358 % | 722 % | 5 % | 8,343 100% | 5,729 % | 2,439 % | 172 % | 3 % |
| non-declared | 14,020 100% | 13,894 99.10% | 12 0.09% | 28 0.20% | 86 0.61% | 13,807 100% | 13,668 % | 9 % | 27 % | 83 % | 213 100% | 206 % | 3 % | 1 % | 3 % |
| Total | 3,383,332 100% | 3,201,818 94.64% | 174,654 5.16% | 6,280 0.19% | 580 0.02% | 1,305,655 100% | 1,165,635 89.28% | 134,937 10.33% | 4,587 0.35% | 496 0.04% | 2,077,677 100% | 2,036,183 98.00% | 39,717 1.91% | 1,693 0.08% | 84 0.004% |
Population by district, according to the 2004 census:
| | Population | Moldovans$^1$ | Ukrainians | Russians | Gagauzians | Bulgarians | Romanians$^1$ | Jews | Poles | Gypsies | others |
| Chișinău | 712,218 | 481,626 67.62% | 58,945 8.28% | 99,149 13.92% | 6,446 0.91% | 8,868 1.25% | 31,984 4.49% | 2,649 0.37% | 834 0.12% | 507 0.07% | 21,210 2.98% |
| Bălți | 127,561 | 66,877 52.43% | 30,288 23.74% | 24,526 19.23% | 243 0.19% | 297 0.23% | 2,258 1.77% | 411 0.32% | 862 0.68% | 272 0.21% | 1,527 1.20% |
| Gagauzia | 155,646 | 7,481 4.81% | 4,919 3.16% | 5,941 3.82% | 127,835 82.13% | 8,013 5.15% | 38 0.02% | 17 0.01% | 28 0.02% | 486 0.31% | 888 0.57% |
| Anenii Noi | 81,710 | 68,761 84.15% | 6,526 7.99% | 4,135 5.06% | 235 0.29% | 481 0.59% | 857 1.05% | 17 0.02% | 28 0.03% | 228 0.28% | 442 0.54% |
| Basarabeasca | 28,978 | 20,218 69.77% | 1,948 6.72% | 2,568 8.86% | 2,220 7.66% | 1,544 5.33% | 70 0.24% | 13 0.04% | 5 0.02% | 216 0.75% | 176 0.61% |
| Briceni | 78,027 | 55,123 70.65% | 19,939 25.55% | 2,061 2.64% | 59 0.08% | 45 0.06% | 314 0.40% | 84 0.11% | 10 0.01% | 187 0.24% | 205 0.26% |
| Cahul | 119,231 | 91,001 76.32% | 7,842 6.58% | 7,702 6.46% | 3,665 3.07% | 5,816 4.88% | 2,095 1.76% | 40 0.03% | 29 0.02% | 238 0.20% | 803 0.67% |
| Cantemir | 60,001 | 52,986 88.31% | 969 1.61% | 710 1.18% | 519 0.86% | 3,736 6.23% | 910 1.52% | – 0% | 11 0.02% | 43 0.07% | 117 0.19% |
| Călărași | 75,075 | 69,190 92.16% | 2,799 3.73% | 947 1.26% | 54 0.07% | 47 0.06% | 1,490 1.98% | 21 0.03% | 11 0.01% | 378 0.50% | 138 0.18% |
| Căușeni | 90,612 | 79,432 87.66% | 2,469 2.72% | 3,839 4.24% | 653 0.72% | 1,108 1.22% | 2,844 3.14% | 8 0.01% | 9 0.01% | 30 0.03% | 220 0.24% |
| Cimișlia | 60,925 | 52,972 86.95% | 3,376 5.54% | 2,371 3.89% | 278 0.46% | 1,341 2.20% | 331 0.54% | 7 0.01% | 10 0.02% | 95 0.16% | 144 0.24% |
| Criuleni | 72,254 | 67,046 92.79% | 2,692 3.73% | 1,008 1.40% | 49 0.07% | 72 0.10% | 1,170 1.62% | 6 0.01% | 6 0.01% | 36 0.05% | 169 0.23% |
| Dondușeni | 46,442 | 37,302 80.32% | 5,893 12.69% | 2,714 5.84% | 31 0.07% | 36 0.08% | 247 0.53% | 12 0.03% | 15 0.03% | 68 0.15% | 124 0.27% |
| Drochia | 87,092 | 74,369 85.39% | 9,849 11.31% | 1,641 1.88% | 44 0.05% | 33 0.04% | 675 0.78% | 14 0.02% | 10 0.01% | 272 0.31% | 185 0.21% |
| Dubăsari | 34,015 | 32,652 95.99% | 521 1.53% | 611 1.80% | 45 0.13% | 16 0.05% | 102 0.30% | 9 0.03% | 2 0.01% | – 0% | 57 0.17% |
| Edineț | 81,390 | 58,749 72.18% | 16,084 19.76% | 5,084 6.25% | 143 0.18% | 91 0.11% | 446 0.55% | 23 0.03% | 26 0.03% | 499 0.61% | 245 0.30% |
| Fălești | 90,320 | 75,863 83.99% | 10,711 11.86% | 3,064 3.39% | 39 0.04% | 32 0.04% | 306 0.34% | 6 0.01% | 20 0.02% | 57 0.06% | 222 0.25% |
| Florești | 89,389 | 75,797 84.79% | 8,023 8.98% | 4,633 5.18% | 45 0.05% | 51 0.06% | 433 0.48% | 19 0.02% | 29 0.03% | 120 0.13% | 239 0.27% |
| Glodeni | 60,975 | 46,317 75.96% | 11,918 19.55% | 1,693 2.78% | 32 0.05% | 44 0.07% | 329 0.54% | 8 0.01% | 174 0.29% | 303 0.50% | 157 0.26% |
| Hîncești | 119,762 | 108,189 90.34% | 6,218 5.19% | 1,463 1.22% | 99 0.08% | 212 0.18% | 3,046 2.54% | 19 0.02% | 16 0.01% | 305 0.25% | 195 0.16% |
| Ialoveni | 97,704 | 91,379 93.53% | 1,117 1.14% | 1,112 1.14% | 95 0.10% | 935 0.96% | 2,608 2.67% | 5 0.01% | 12 0.01% | 197 0.20% | 244 0.25% |
| Leova | 51,056 | 43,673 85.54% | 1,245 2.44% | 1,167 2.29% | 432 0.85% | 3,804 7.45% | 471 0.92% | 8 0.02% | 9 0.02% | 105 0.21% | 142 0.28% |
| Nisporeni | 64,924 | 60,774 93.61% | 223 0.34% | 339 0.52% | 17 0.03% | 28 0.04% | 2,329 3.59% | 1 <0.01% | 4 0.01% | 1,147 1.77% | 62 0.10% |
| Ocnița | 56,510 | 32,491 57.50% | 17,351 30.70% | 2,764 4.89% | 79 0.14% | 60 0.11% | 104 0.18% | 14 0.02% | 43 0.08% | 3,417 6.05% | 187 0.33% |
| Orhei | 116,271 | 100,469 86.41% | 4,520 3.89% | 2,216 1.91% | 113 0.10% | 90 0.08% | 8,253 7.10% | 46 0.04% | 23 0.02% | 221 0.19% | 320 0.28% |
| Rezina | 48,105 | 44,721 92.97% | 1,691 3.52% | 1,093 2.27% | 34 0.07% | 40 0.08% | 375 0.78% | 30 0.06% | 5 0.01% | 13 0.03% | 103 0.21% |
| Rîșcani | 69,454 | 50,391 72.55% | 15,632 22.51% | 1,726 2.49% | 60 0.09% | 61 0.09% | 777 1.12% | 8 0.01% | 42 0.06% | 602 0.87% | 155 0.22% |
| Sîngerei | 87,153 | 74,139 85.07% | 8,456 9.70% | 3,029 3.48% | 47 0.05% | 43 0.05% | 1,162 1.33% | 10 0.01% | 48 0.06% | 56 0.06% | 163 0.19% |
| Soroca | 94,986 | 84,728 89.20% | 4,752 5% | 2,601 2.74% | 53 0.06% | 48 0.05% | 931 0.98% | 65 0.07% | 17 0.02% | 1,564 1.65% | 227 0.24% |
| Strășeni | 88,900 | 83,368 93.78% | 985 1.11% | 1,576 1.77% | 70 0.08% | 109 0.12% | 2,542 2.86% | 13 0.01% | 14 0.02% | 24 0.03% | 199 0.22% |
| Șoldănești | 42,227 | 40,354 95.56% | 1,055 2.50% | 376 0.89% | 9 0.02% | 14 0.03% | 299 0.71% | 2 <0.01% | - 0% | 74 0.18% | 44 0.10% |
| Ștefan Vodă | 70,594 | 65,318 92.53% | 2,182 3.09% | 1,918 2.72% | 64 0.09% | 145 0.21% | 562 0.80% | 1 <0.01% | 4 0.01% | 219 0.31% | 181 0.26% |
| Taraclia | 43,154 | 5,980 13.86% | 2,646 6.13% | 2,139 4.96% | 3,587 8.31% | 28,293 65.56% | 29 0.07% | 2 <0.01% | 9 0.02% | 218 0.51% | 251 0.58% |
| Telenești | 70,126 | 67,309 95.98% | 879 1.25% | 537 0.77% | 16 0.02% | 16 0.02% | 1,262 1.80% | 4 0.01% | 1 <0.01% | 6 0.01% | 96 0.14% |
| Ungheni | 110,545 | 97,805 88.48% | 7,743 7% | 2,766 2.50% | 90 0.08% | 93 0.08% | 1,627 1.47% | 16 0.01% | 17 0.02% | 68 0.06% | 320 0.29% |
| Subtotal controlled by central government | 3,383,332 | 2,564,850 75.80% | 282,406 8.35% | 201,218 5.95% | 147,500 4.36% | 65,662 1.94% | 73,276 2.16% | 3,608 0.11% | 2,383 0.07% | 12,271 0.36% | 30,157 0.89% |
$^1$There is an ongoing controversy over whether Moldovans are a subset of Romanians, or a distinct ethnic group. At the 2004 Moldovan Census, citizens could declare only one nationality. Consequently, one could not declare oneself both Moldovan and Romanian.

### Transnistrian-controlled areas
#### 2015 census

According to the last census in Transnistria (October 2015), the population of the region was 475,373, a 14.47% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2004 census. By ethnic composition, the population of Transnistria was distributed as follows:
* Russians: 29.1%
* Moldovans: 28.6%
* Ukrainians: 22.9%
* Bulgarians: 2.4%
* Gagauz: 1.1%
* Belarusians: 0.5%
* Transnistrians: 0.2%
* Others: 1.4%
Around 14% did not declare any ethnicity. For the first time, the population had the option to identify as "Transnistrian".
In 2020, in Transnistria, 34.2% of the kindergarten students were ethnic Moldovans, while 28% were ethnic Ukrainians.

#### 2004 census

| | Population | Mold. | Russians | Ukrainians | Gagauzes | Bulg. | Gyps. | Jews | Poles | Belor. | Germ. | Armen. | others, non-decl. |
| Tiraspol | 158,069 | 23,790 15.05% | 65,928 41.71% | 52,278 33.07% | 1,988 1.26% | 2,450 1.55% | 116 0.07% | 573 0.36% | 324 0.20% | 1,712 1.08% | 701 0.44% | 360 0.23% | 7,849 4.97% |
| Camenca District | 27,284 | 13,048 47.82% | 1,880 6.89% | 11,610 42.55% | 43 0.16% | 59 0.22% | 9 0.03% | 10 0.04% | 447 1.64% | 85 0.31% | 26 0.10% | 16 0.06% | 51 0.19% |
| Rîbnița District | 82,699 | 24,729 29.90% | 14,237 17.22% | 37,554 45.41% | 149 0.18% | 309 0.37% | 51 0.06% | 177 0.21% | 528 0.64% | 412 0.50% | 150 0.18% | 81 0.10% | 4,322 5.23% |
| Dubăsari District | 36,734 | 18,080 49.22% | 7,125 19.40% | 10,594 28.84% | 92 0.25% | 134 0.36% | 46 0.13% | 46 0.13% | 53 0.14% | 185 0.50% | 63 0.17% | 126 0.34% | 190 0.52% |
| Grigoriopol District | 48,000 | 31,118 64.83% | 7,332 15.28% | 8,333 17.36% | 123 0.26% | 240 0.50% | 13 0.03% | 26 0.05% | 100 0.21% | 187 0.39% | 327 0.68% | 62 0.13% | 139 0.29% |
| Slobozia District | 86,742 | 36,651 42.25% | 20,636 23.79% | 19,872 22.91% | 512 0.59% | 7,323 8.44% | 133 0.15% | 35 0.04% | 137 0.16% | 475 0.55% | 496 0.57% | 140 0.16 | 332 0.38% |
| Subtotal Transnistria | 439,528 | 147,416 33.54% | 117,138 26.65% | 140,241 31.91% | 2,907 0.66% | 10,515 2.39% | 368  0.08% | 867  0.20% | 1,589  0.36% | 3,056 0.70% | 1,763  0.40% | 785  0.18% | 12,883 2.93% |
| Bender (w/o Protegailovca) | 97,027 | 24,374 25.12% | 41,949 43.23% | 17,348 17.88% | 1,066 1.10% | 3,001 3.09% | 132 0.14% | 383 0.39% | 190 0.21% | 713 0.73% | 258 0.27% | 173 0.18% | 7,440 7.67% |
| Proteagailovca | 3,142 | 756–761 24.12% | 1,482 47.17% | 658 20.94% | 25 0.80% | 163 5.19% | 0–5 0.06% | 2 0.06% | 0–12 0.19% | 19 0.60% | 6 0.19% | 0–16 0.25% | 0–31 0.48% |
| Gîsca | 4,841 | 819–824 16.98% | 2,956 61.06% | 719 14.85% | 91 1.88% | 168 3.47% | 0–5 0.04% | 7 0.14% | 0–12 0.12% | 8 0.17% | 22 0.45% | 0–16 0.17% | 13–44 0.60% |
| Chițcani (incl. Merenești and Zahorna) | ~9,000 | ~3,100 ~35% | ~4,800 ~53% | ~900 ~10% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ~200 ~2% |
| Cremenciug | 1,094 | 465 42.50% | 353 32.27% | 203 18.56% | 7 0.64% | 11 1.01% | 2 0.18% | - - | - - | 15 1.37% | 22 2.01% | 6 0.55% | 10 0.91% |
| Roghi | 715 | ~700 ~95% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ~15 ~5% |
| Subotal other localities | 115,819 | 30,219 26.09% | 51,540 44.50% | 19,828 17.12% | 1,189 1.03% | 3,343 2.89% | 139 0.12% | 392 0.34% | 202 0.17% | 755 0.65% | 308 0.27% | 195 0.17% | 7,709 6.66% |
| Total Tiraspol-controlled areas | 555,347 | 177,635 31.99% | 168,678 30.37% | 160,069 28.82% | 4,096 0.74% | 13,858 2.50% | 507 0.09% | 1,259 0.23% | 1,791 0.32% | 3,811 0.69% | 2,071 0.37% | 980 0.18% | 20,592 3.71% |
* The exact numbers in the above table are taken from the data published by the Transnistrian breakaway authorities after the 2004 Census in Transnistria, except the population of Roghi, which was taken from website of the Dubăsari District of Transnistria.
* The number of inhabitants of Slobozia District + that of the commune Chițcani was given by Transnistrian authorities as 95,742. Other sources indicate ~9,000 for Chițcani. In this table it is assumed there are 9,000 inhabitants in Chițcani, and 86,742 in Slobozia District. Should the exact data of the census for Chițcani be available, the entries in the lines of Slobozia District and of Chițcani should be corrected accordingly.
* Transnistrian authorities have published the ethnic composition for the combined population of the Dubăsari District and the village of Roghi in Molovata Nouă commune. Other sources indicate that the latter is almost entirely Moldovan. In this table it is assumed that of the 715 inhabitants of this village, 700 are Moldovan and 15 are others. Should the exact ethnicity data of the census for Roghi be available, the entries for ethnicities in the lines of Dubăsari District and of Roghi should be corrected accordingly.
* Percentages are calculated from the absolute numbers

## Languages

Romanian is the official language of Moldova. However, many speakers use the term Moldovan to describe the language they speak, even though its literary standard is virtually identical to Romanian. Officially since 1990, it is written in the Latin alphabet.

### Native language

Currently, 2,184,065 people or 80.2% of those covered by the 2014 census on the right bank of the Dniester or Moldova (proper) identified Moldovan or Romanian as their native language, of which 1,544,726 (55.1%) declared Moldovan and 639.339 (22.8%) declared it Romanian. 263,523 people or 9.4% have Russian as native language, 107,252 or 3.8% – Ukrainian, 114,532 or 4.1% – Gagauz, 41,756 or 1.5% – Bulgarian, 12,187 or 0.5% – another language. Only 2,723,315 declared their native language out of the 2,804,801 covered by the 2014 census. Of the total population that declared its mother tongue (limba maternă; distinct from the usually spoken language) in the 2024 census, 49.2% declared "Moldovan" and 31.3% declared Romanian, with both adding up to 80.5%. The share of the population that declared Romanian as its mother tongue increased by 8.1% compared to the 2014 census (23.2%), and the share that declared "Moldovan" decreased by 7.8% (56.9% in the 2014 census). Among other languages declared as mother tongues, Russian stood out with 11.1% of the population, followed by Gagauz with 3.8%, Ukrainian with 2.9%, Bulgarian with 1.2%, Romani/Gypsy with 0.3% and other languages with 0.2%.

### First language in daily use (2014 and 2024 censuses)

According to the 2014 census, 2,720,377 answered to the question on "language usually used for communication". 2,138,964 people or 78.63% of the inhabitants of Moldova (proper) have Moldovan/Romanian as first language, of which 1,486,570 (53%) declared it Moldovan and 652,394 (23.3%) declared it Romanian. 394,133 people or 14.1% have Russian as language of daily use, 73.802 or 2.6% – Ukrainian, 74.167 or 2.6% – Gagauz, 26,577 or 0.9% – Bulgarian, and 12,734 or 0.5% – another language. By contrast, 46.0% declared their usually spoken language to be Moldovan and 33.2% declared it to be Romanian in 2024. In the 2024 census, the percentage of speakers of Russian as their usually spoken language was 15.3%, with other minority languages' share being lower: 2.3% for Gagauz, 2% for Ukrainian, 0.8% for Bulgarian, 0.3% for Romani and 0.2% for other languages.

### First language in daily use (2004 census)

| Ethnic group \ First language | Moldovan * | Romanian | Russian | Ukrainian | Gagauzian | Bulgarian | other language | did non declare | Total |
| Moldovans | 1,949,318 | 475,126 | 128,372 | 9,170 | 799 | 1,113 | 951 | – | 2,564,849 |
| Romanians | 1,597 | 69,936 | 1,537 | 81 | 5 | 4 | 116 | – | 73,276 |
| Russians | 8,852 | 2,805 | 187,526 | 1,224 | 329 | 344 | 138 | – | 201,218 |
| Ukrainians | 17,491 | 4,158 | 141,206 | 118,699 | 427 | 294 | 131 | – | 282,406 |
| Gagauzians | 2,756 | 609 | 40,445 | 413 | 102,395 | 821 | 61 | – | 147,500 |
| Bulgarians | 4,652 | 1,046 | 23,259 | 188 | 673 | 35,808 | 36 | – | 65,662 |
| other ethnic groups | 3,828 | 1,133 | 18,610 | 339 | 262 | 181 | 9,856 | 192 | 34,401 |
| did non declare | 46 | 1 | 35 | – | – | – | 29 | 13,909 | 14,020 |
| Total by language of first use | 1,988,540 58.77% | 554,814 16.4% | 540,990 15.99% | 130,114 3.85% | 104,890 3.10% | 38,565 1.14% | 11,318 0.34% | 14,101 0.41% | 3,383,332 100% |
| * Moldovan language is one of the names used in the Republic of Moldova for the Romanian language. ||||||||||

### Usage of own language by the ethnic groups of Moldova (2004 census)

| ethnic group | own language | Moldovan and Romanian | Russian |
| Moldovans | 94.52% | – | 5% |
| Romanians | 97.62% | – | 2.1% |
| Russians | 93.20% | 5.79% | – |
| Ukrainians | 42.03% | 7.66% | 50.00% |
| Gagauzians | 69.42% | 2.28% | 27.42% |
| Bulgarians | 54.53% | 8.68% | 35.42% |
| others | up to 28.65% | 14.42% | 54.10% |

#### Urban areas

| ethnic group | own language | Moldovan and Romanian | Russian |
| Moldovans | 86.71% | – | 13.07% |
| Romanians | 96.88% | – | 2.85% |
| Russians | 95.85% | 3.82% | – |
| Ukrainians | 13.06% | 6.56% | 80.19% |
| Gagauzians | 40.10% | 2.19% | 57.23% |
| Bulgarians | 36.81% | 7.93% | 54.45% |
| others | up to 28.11% | 8.35% | 62.05% |

#### Rural areas

| ethnic group | own language | Moldovan and Romanian | Russian |
| Moldovans | 98.24% | – | 1.17% |
| Romanians | 98.76% | – | 0.94% |
| Russians | 80.52% | 15.25% | – |
| Ukrainians | 72.99% | 8.85% | 17.74% |
| Gagauzians | 86.16% | 2.33% | 10.40% |
| Bulgarians | 68.95% | 9.29% | 19.95% |
| others | up to 30.34% | 33.39% | 29.25% |

### Soviet era data

In the Soviet census of 1989 members of most of the ethnic groups in Moldavian SSR claimed the language of their ethnicity as their mother tongue: Moldovans (95%), Ukrainians (62%), Russians (99%), Gagauz (91%), Bulgarians (79%), and Gipsies (82%). The exceptions were Jews (26% citing Yiddish), Belarusians (43%), Germans (31%), and Poles (10%).
In the Soviet census of 1989, 62% of the total population claimed Moldovan as their native language. Only 4% of the entire population claimed Moldovan as a second language.
In 1979, Russian was claimed as a native language by a large proportion of Jews (66%) and Belarusians (62%), and by a significant proportion of Ukrainians (30%). Proportions of other ethnicities naming Russian as a native language ranged from 17% of Bulgarians to 3% of Moldovans (Russian was more spoken by urban Moldovans than by rural Moldovans). Russian was claimed as a second language by a sizeable proportion of all ethnicities: Moldovans (46%), Ukrainians (43%), Gagauz (68%), Jews (30%), Bulgarians (67%), Belarusians (34%), Germans (53%), Roma (36%), and Poles (24%).

## Religion (2004 census)

According to the 2004 census, the population of Moldova has the following religious composition:
| Religion | Adherents | % of total |
| Eastern Orthodox Christians | 3,158,015 | 93.3% |
| Newer Protestant faiths Baptists Seventh-day Adventists Pentecostal Christians of Evangelical Faith $^a$ | 32,754  13,503  9,179  5,075 | 1.79% 0.97%  0.40%  0.27%  0.15% |
| Traditional Protestant Confessional Evangelicals Reformed Evangelical Synod-Presbyterians | 1,429  1,190  3,596 | 0.19% 0.04%  0.04%  0.11% |
| Old-Rite Christians $^b$ | 5,094 | 0.15% |
| Roman Catholics | 4,645 | 0.14% |
| Other religions | 29,813 | 0.88% |
| Non-religious | 33,207 | 0.98% |
| Atheists | 12,724 | 0.38% |
Notes: 75,727 (2.24% of population) did not answer that question. $^a$ Known as Creștini după Evanghelie, Pentecostal group. $^b$ Traditionally Orthodox Lipovans.
History
In 1940–1941, and 1944–1991, the Soviet government strictly limited the activities of the Orthodox Church (and all religions) and at times sought to exploit it, with the ultimate goal of abolishing it and all religious activity altogether. Most Orthodox churches and monasteries in Moldova were demolished or converted to other uses, such as administrative buildings or warehouses, and clergy were sometimes punished for leading services. Still, many believers continued to practice their faith.
People in the independent Moldova have much greater religious freedom than they did in Soviet times. Legislation passed in 1992 guarantees religious freedom, but requires all religious groups to be officially recognized by the government.
Orthodox Christians
In 1991, Moldova had 853 Orthodox churches and eleven Orthodox monasteries (four for monks and seven for nuns). In 1992 construction or restoration of 221 churches was underway, but clergy remained in short supply. As of 2004, Christian Orthodox constitute the vast majority of the population in all districts of Moldova.
In the interwar period, the vast majority of ethnic Moldovans belonged to the Romanian Orthodox Church (Bucharest Patriarchate), but today both Romanian and Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) have jurisdiction in Moldova, with the latter having more parishes. According to the local needs, liturgy is performed in Romanian, Russian, and Turkic (Gagauz). After the revival of religious activity in the last 20 years, a minority of the clergy and the faithful wanted to return to the Bucharest Patriarchate (Metropolis of Bessarabia). Because higher-level church authorities were unable to resolve the matter, Moldova now has two episcopates, one for each patriarchate. After the Soviet occupation in 1940, the Metropolis was downgraded to a Bishopric. In late 1992, the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia issued a decree upgrading its eparchy of Chișinău and Moldova to a Metropolis.
Greek Catholics
Moldova also has a Greek Catholic minority, mainly among ethnic Ukrainians, although the Soviet government declared the Greek Catholic Churches illegal in 1946 and forcibly united them with the Russian Orthodox Church. However, the Greek Catholic Churches had survived underground until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Roman Catholics
Half of Moldova's Roman Catholics are in Chișinău, and 1/5 in Bălți.
Old Believers
In addition, the Old Russian Orthodox Church (Old Believers) had fourteen churches and one monastery in Moldova in 1991.
Half of Moldova's Old Believers are in Florești district, and 1/5 in Sîngerei district.
Judaism
Despite the Soviet government's suppression and harassment, Moldova's practicing Jews managed to retain their religious identity. About a dozen Jewish newspapers were started in the early 1990s, and religious leaders opened a synagogue in Chișinău; there were six Jewish communities of worship throughout the country. In addition, Moldova's government created the Department of Jewish Studies at Chișinău State University, mandated the opening of a Jewish high school in Chișinău, and introduced classes in Judaism in high schools in several cities. The government also provides financial support to the Society for Jewish Culture.
Protestants
There are around 65,000 Protestants of all sects in Moldova today. There are more than 1,000 Baptists in the cities of Chișinău and Bălți, in Cahul, Fălești, Hîncești, Sîngerei, Ștefan Vodă, and Ungheni districts, and in Găgăuzia. There are more than 1,000 Seventh-day Adventists in Cahul, Hîncești and Sîngerei districts, and in Găgăuzia, there are more than 1,000 Pentecostals in Chișinău and in Briceni district. There are more than 1,000 members of Brethren assemblies only in Chișinău. There are more than 1,000 Evangelical Synod-Presbyterians only in Chișinău.
Others
Other religious denominations in Moldova include:
* Armenian Apostolic Church
* Molokans (a Russian Orthodox sect).
* Islam

## Immigration
### Moldova migration data, 2014-present

| Year | Immigrants (Total) | Emigrants (Total) | Net Migration |
| 2014 | 98,731 | 122,955 | -24,224 |
| 2015 | 105,834 | 127,277 | -21,443 |
| 2016 | 107,303 | 153,405 | -46,102 |
| 2017 | 107,580 | 158,259 | -50,679 |
| 2018 | 116,739 | 158,788 | -42,049 |
| 2019 | 116,196 | 153,289 | -37,093 |
| 2020 | 65,167 | 72,372 | -7,205 |
| 2021 | 68,356 | 113,769 | -45,413 |
| 2022 | 177,875 | 241,448 | -63,573 |
Foreign citizens (according to the Office of Migration and Asylum):
| Country | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Ukraine | 6,786 | 6,834 | 5,318 | 5,404 |
| Russia | 5,742 | 5,953 | 4,068 | 3,905 |
| Turkey | 943 | 1,292 | 942 | 1,248 |
| Romania | 988 | 1,037 | 1,012 | 1,172 |
| Israel | 2,200 | 1,929 | 1,412 | 1,107 |
| India | 256 | 520 | 634 | 773 |
| Italy | 501 | 535 | 449 | 474 |
| Azerbaijan | 371 | 458 | 433 | 404 |
| United States | 433 | 507 | 364 | 282 |
| Belarus | 327 | 309 | 240 | 255 |
| Uzbekistan | 164 | 327 | 172 | 227 |
| Armenia | 211 | 229 | 209 | 218 |
| Kazakhstan | 202 | 220 | 179 | 181 |
| Tajikistan | – | – | 106 | 133 |
| Germany | 131 | 123 | 101 | 121 |
| Syria | 140 | 134 | 112 | 110 |
| Georgia | 98 | 110 | 101 | 105 |
| Others | 3,271 | 3,313 | 1,310 | 1,551 |
| Total | 22,764 | 23,830 | 17,162 | ~18,600 | 18,761 | 20,763 |

## Secondary demographic indices
### Average age

Average age of the population (years) on the fifth :
| The year | 1992 | 1995 | growth | 2000 | growth | 2005 | growth | 2010 | growth | 2015 | growth |
| Years | 32,0 | 32,4 | +0.4 | 33,4 | +1.0 | 34,9 | +1.5 | 36,2 | +1.3 | 37,5 | +1.3 |

### Life expectancy at birth

Since 2000, there has been a continuous increase in life expectancy, except for 2005, a year in which there was a high level of general and infant mortality. In 2013, this indicator recorded the maximum value of the given period – 71.85 years, including men – 68.1 and women – 75.5 years. The significant increase in life expectancy was influenced by the decrease in the overall mortality rate to 10.7 deaths per 1000 inhabitants, and the infant death rate, which constituted 9.4 deaths under one year per 1,000 live births.
Average life expectancy (years) based on sex after decades, five and a half years :
| The year | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 |
| Women: | 69,8 | 72,1 | 68,8 | 71,9 | 69,7 | 71,2 | 71,7 | 73,4 | 75,5 | 76,1 |
| Average time: | 68,1 | 69,4 | 65,6 | 68,0 | 65,8 | 67,6 | 67,9 | 69,1 | 71,5 | 72,2 |
| Men: | 65,6 | 66,3 | 62,4 | 63,9 | 61,8 | 63,9 | 63,8 | 65,0 | 67,5 | 68,1 |

### Population by sex

Gender composition of the population, after decades :
| Year | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2015 |
| Men | 46,76% | 47,25% | 47,64% | 47,87% | 48,08% | 48,10% |
| Women | 53,24% | 52,75% | 52,36% | 52,13% | 51,92% | 51,90% |
| Men per 1.000 women | 878 | 896 | 910 | 918 | 926 | 927 |

### Infant mortality

Children under 1 year old in 1,000 newborns:
| The Year | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2017 |
| Children | 35,0 | 30,9 | 19,0 | 21,2 | 18,3 | 12,4 | 11,7 | 9,7 | 9,4 |

### Marriage

| Year | Number marriages | per 1000 inhabitants | Number divorce | per 1000 inhabitants |
| 1980 | 46.083 | 11,5 | 11.273 | 2,8 |
| 1985 | 40.901 | 9,7 | 11.176 | 2,7 |
| 1990 | 40.809 | 9,4 | 13.135 | 3,0 |
| 1995 | 32.775 | 7,5 | 14.617 | 3,4 |
| 2000 | 21.684 | 6,0 | 9.707 | 2,7 |
| 2005 | 27.187 | 7,6 | 14.521 | 4,0 |
| 2010 | 26.483 | 7,4 | 11.504 | 3,2 |
| 2011 | 25.900 | 7,3 | 11.120 | 3,1 |
| 2012 | 24.262 | 6,8 | 10.637 | 3,0 |
| 2013 | 24.449 | 6,9 | 10.775 | 3,0 |
| 2014 | 25.624 | 7,2 | 11.130 | 3,1 |
| 2015 | 24.709 | 6,9 | 11.199 | 3,1 |
| 2016 | 21.992 | 6,2 | 10.605 | 3,0 |
* References:

### Urban and rural population

| Year | Urban population | % | Rural population | % |
| 2000 | 1.486.410 | 40,89 | 2.148.702 | 59,11 |
| 2001 | 1.485.210 | 40,94 | 2.142.602 | 59,06 |
| 2002 | 1.484.142 | 41,02 | 2.134.170 | 58,98 |
| 2003 | 1.477.927 | 40,97 | 2.129.508 | 59,03 |
| 2004 | 1.476.028 | 41,00 | 2.124.408 | 59,00 |
| 2005 | 1.469.828 | 40,94 | 2.120.108 | 59,06 |
| 2006 | 1.478.011 | 41,27 | 2.103.099 | 58,73 |
| 2007 | 1.476.110 | 41,32 | 2.096.593 | 58,68 |
| 2008 | 1.476.099 | 41,37 | 2.091.413 | 58,63 |
| 2009 | 1.476,681 | 41,44 | 2.087.014 | 58,56 |
| 2010 | 1.481.696 | 41,62 | 2.078.734 | 58,38 |
| 2011 | 1.485.766 | 41,74 | 2.073.775 | 58,26 |
| 2012 | 1.492.165 | 41,92 | 2.067.332 | 58,08 |
| 2013 | 1.502.996 | 42,25 | 2.054.638 | 57,75 |
| 2014 | 1.507.265 | 42,40 | 2.047.894 | 57,60 |
| 2015 | 1.511.051 | 42,53 | 2.042.005 | 57,47 |
| 2016 | 1.516.800 | 42,71 | 2.034.100 | 57,47 |
* References: