# Hassan district

Hassan is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka, India. The district headquarter is Hassan. It was part of Manjarabad Faujdari between 1832-81 (Commissioner's Rule of Mysore). In 1882, it was reduced into a sub-division under erstwhile Kadur district. But in 1886, the Hassan district was restored to its current form.
Hassan District contains 8 taluks with their respective headquarters in Hassan, Arsikere, Channarayapatna, Belur, Holenarasipura, Sakleshpur, Alur and Arkalgud.

## Governance

Current Member of Parliament from Hassan is Shreyas M. Patel and is grandson of former Member of Parliament G. Puttaswamy Gowda. The Current Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly is Swaroop Prakash.

## History

Hassan district was the seat of the Hoysala Empire which at its peak ruled large parts of south India from Belur as its early capital and Halebidu as its later capital during the period 1000–1334 CE.
The district is named Hassan after the Hindu Goddess "Haasanamba", the goddess and presiding deity of the town. As per local legend Hassan name was abridged form of Simhasanapuri which is associated with Janamejaya king, it is believed he had lived here during his cursed period. The history of Hassan district is essentially the history of two of the well known dynasties that have ruled Karnataka, the Western Ganga Dynasty of Talkad (350–999 CE) and the Hoysala Empire (1000–1334 CE). In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Vijayanagar kings patronised Chennakesava of Belur as their family deity. It was also ruled by Adilshahis of Bijapur and Mughal Empire after decline of the Vijayanagar. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Hassan became a land of contention between the Keladi Nayakas of Shimoga and the Mysore Kingdom. It finally merged as an independent Mysore kingdom.

### Modern

During the 14th century, invasions by the Sultanate of Delhi weakened the Hoysala Kingdom, and the district became part of the Vijayanagara Empire. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Vijayanagar kings patronised Chennakesava of Belur as their family deity. It was also ruled by Adilshahis of Bijapur and Mughal Empire after decline of the Vijayanagar. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Hassan became a land of contention between the Keladi Nayakas of Shimoga and the Mysore Kingdom. In 1648 the Mysore rulers built Channarayapatna fort by treaty with the sultans of Bijapur. A peace treaty was concluded between the Mysore and Keladi rulers in 1694. The district remained part of the Mysore Kingdom at the conclusion of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799.
Hassan District and its current boundaries date to the 1860s, when the Mysore Kingdom was organised into 8 districts, and the districts further divided into taluks. The district had a population of 518,987 in the 1871 census. A famine from 1876 to 1878 reduced the population to 428,344 by 1881. The population was 511,975 in 1891, and 568,919 in 1901. The 1901 census recorded 541,531 Hindus, 16,668 Muslims, 5035 Animists, 3795 Christians, 1874 Jains, and 16 others. The district had 14 towns, and 2546 villages.
Reserve forests were established in the 19th century, and covered an area of 185 square miles in the district. The forests, with their area in square miles, were: Kempuhole Ghat (16), Kaganeri Ghati (2), Kabbinale Ghat (23), Bisale Ghat (23), Vijayapur (5), Hirikalgudda (92), Doddabetta (3), Burdalbore (3), Hagare (3), Byaba (2), Sige-gudda (8), Baisur (1), Mallappan-betta (1), and Vantigudda (1). The state established five sandalwood forests, totalling three square miles: Kemmanbore (232 acres), Gubbi (428 acres), Gadagere (554 acres), Gubbi (1000 acres), and Nakalgud (185 acres).
After India's independence in 1947, Mysore Kingdom became Mysore State, which was renamed Karnataka state in 1973.

## Geography

Lying between 12° 13´ and 13° 33´ North latitudes and 75° 33´ and 76°38´ East longitude, Hassan district has a total area of 6826.15 km$^2$. The geography is mixed with the malnad or mountainous region to the west and south west called Bisle Ghat and the maidan or plains regions in the north, south and east. There are some areas of degraded forest ranges in central portion of the district.
The district is surrounded by Chikmagalur District to the north, Tumkur District to the east, Mandya District to the south east, Mysore to the south, Kodagu District to the south west and Dakshina Kannada district to the west.
Hassan and Belur stand around 950 metres (3,120 ft) and 970 metres (3,180 ft) above sea level, respectively.
Most of the district lies in the watershed of the Hemavathi River, a tributary of the Kaveri River. The general level of Hassan district slopes with the course of the Hemavati, from the peaks of the Western Ghats downwards to the southeast. The chief tributary of the Hemavathi is the Yagachi River, which flows southward from Belur taluk to join the Hemavathi near Gorur. In 1981 the Hemavathi Dam was completed near Gorur, downstream from the confluence with the Yagachi, creating a reservoir of 8000 hectares. The Hemavathi passes through Holenarsipur taluk in a southerly direction and joins with the Kaveri near Hampapura in Mysore district, close to the border of Hassan district. The Kaveri flows through the southernmost part of the District.
Western portions of the district are drained by the headwaters of the Netravati River, which flows northwestward to empty into the Arabian Sea. Portions of Arsikere taluk in the northeast are drained by the Hagari River, a tributary of the Tungabhadra River. The basins of the Kaveri and Tungabhadra are separated by a range of low granitic hills extending through Belur, Hassan, and Arsikere taluks.
The Bisle Ghat, or Bisale Ghat, is a portion of the Western Ghats range in the western part of the district. Main peaks include Jenukallu betta, Sakleshpura (4,558 feet (1,389 m)), the highest peak in the district, Murkangudda (4,265 feet (1,300 m)), and Devarbetta (4,206 feet (1,282 m)). Pushpagiri (1,712 meters), lies immediately southwest in Kodagu and district. Bisle, Kagneri, Kanchankumari reserve forests cover portions the Bisle Ghat, and adjoin Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary in Kodagu.

### Rainfall

Hassan district is located on the leeward side of Western Ghats, thus receives less rainfall than coastal Karnataka. The district comes under three river basins: Netravathi, Kaveri and Vedavathi (Krishna River). In 2022, the district received an average annual rainfall of 1,701 millimetres (67.0 in), of which, Hethur hobli in Sakleshpura taluk received the maximum downpour of 4,305 millimetres (169.5 in) and Arsikere hobli received 986 millimetres (38.8 in), the lowest in the district.

### Agriculture

Main crops grown in the district are ragi, coconut, potato, paddy, sugarcane, maize, coffee and black pepper. Hassan district ranks second in production of coconut and ragi in the state after Tumakuru district and ranks third in coffee production.

## Demographics

Religions in Hassan district (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 91.80% | 91.80% |
| Islam | Islam | 6.76% | 6.76% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.88% | 0.88% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.56% | 0.56% |
According to the 2011 census Hassan district has a population of 1,776,421, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gives it a ranking of 270th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 261 inhabitants per square kilometre (680/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 3.17%. Hassan has a sex ratio of 1005 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 75.89%. 21.21% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 19.42% and 1.82% of the population respectively.
* Kannada (87.04%)
* Urdu (6.16%)
* Telugu (1.96%)
* Tulu (1.22%)
* Tamil (0.91%)
* Others (2.71%)
At the time of the 2011 census, 87.04% of the population spoke Kannada, 6.16% Urdu, 1.96% Telugu, 1.22% Tulu and 0.91% Tamil as their first language.

## Government and politics
### Administrative divisions

Hassan District is administratively divided into eight talukas (Panchayat blocks): Alur, Arkalgud, Arsikere, Belur, Channarayapatna, Hassan, Holenarasipura (H.N. Pura) and Sakleshpur, and 258 panchayat villages.

### Villages

* Gubbi, Holenarasipura

### Map gallery

* Positioning of Hassan district in Karnataka
* Positioning of Hassan district in Karnataka (Including Taluks)
* Hobli Map of Hassan district
* Hobli Map with Regions shading
* District Tourism Map
* Road Network of Hassan district
* Taluks of Hassan district

## Tourism
### List of famous temples in Hassan

* Chennakesava Temple, Belur
* Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu
* Gommateshwara Statue, Shravanabelagola
* Hasanamba Temple, Hassan
* Nageshvara-Chennakeshava Temple, Mosale
* Ishvara Temple, Arsikere

## Transport
### Air

There is no operational airport in the city. The nearest airport is Mysore airport and the nearest international airport is Kempegowda International Airport. Hassan Airport is an airport under construction 10 kilometres east of the city, near the Boovanahalli village. The project was first rejected by the State government in 2012. It was again revived in 2021 with a budget of Rs 175 crore and will be taken up by the UDAN scheme. Government of India has granted the approval for setting up of 15 Greenfield airports in the country on 12 May 2015. Among 15 airports Hassan was also approved for Greenfield Airport.

### Road

The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation operates buses connecting Hassan district with other parts of Karnataka as well as neighbouring states. Two divisions of KSRTC, Hassan and Chikmagalur, maintain a total of 9 bus depots (6 by Hassan division, rest 3 by Chikmagalur division) in the district, with two being in Hassan city. Major National Highways that pass through the district are NH-75 (Bangalore - Mangalore), NH-73 (Mangalore - Tumkur), (and its subsidiary NH-373 Bilikere - Belur) and NH-69 (Honnavara - Chittor).

### Rail

Hassan comes under the South Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Hassan Junction railway station connects it to the rest of the country through the Indian Railways.

## Education

* Government Engineering College, Hassan
* Rajeev Institute of Technology
* Kendriya Vidyalaya
* Malnad College of Engineering
* St. Joseph's College, Hassan
* Podar International School, Hassan

## Notable people

* H. D. Deve Gowda, 11th Prime Minister of India
* Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar, Renowned Kannada writer
* S. L. Bhyrappa, writer
* Raja Rao, Indian-American writer
* S. N. Sethuram, actor, director, writer
* H. C. Srikantaiah, Former Minister and Member of Parliament
* Javagal Srinath, cricketer
* T. N. Balakrishna, Indian actor
* Dheerendra Gopal, film actor
* Doddanna, film actor
* Yash, Kannada film actor
* Jai Jagadish, Indian actor
* Sharan, film actor
* Shruti, actress
* Chitra Shenoy, Indian actress
* Nikhil Kumar, Indian actor and politician
* Prajwal Revanna, Indian politician
* David Johnson, Ranji player
* Dhananjay, film actor
* M. G. Srinivas, actor and director
* G. R. Gopinath, founder of Air Deccan
* H. D. Revanna, politician
* H. D. Kumaraswamy, Former Chief Minister, Karnataka
* H. S. Prakash, Indian politician
* Narayana Gowda, Karnataka Rakshana Vedike state president
* Chandan Shetty, Kannada rapper
* Nanditha, Indian singer
* Veera Ballala II, Hoysala king
* Veera Ballala III, Hoysala king
* Vishnuvardhana, Hoysala king
* Chavundaraya, Indian military commander and architect
* Singarasa, Chieftain
* Harihara, Kannada poet and writer
* Milana Nagaraj, Kannada film actress
* Vasishta N. Simha, film actor
* Prathap Simha, politician
* C. N. Manjunath, Cardiologist and the Director of the Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research
* Achyuth Kumar, Indian film actor
* A. S. Kiran Kumar, Indian space scientist and former chairman of the ISRO
* Chetan Baboor, Indian table tennis player
* Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj, IAS and Para-Badminton player
* Shashank Subramanyam, Indian musician
* J. Anoop Seelin, Indian music composer and playback singer
* Aarathi, Indian actress
* K. S. Ashwath, Indian actor
* Gudibande Poornima, poet & novelist
* S. K. Ramachandra Rao, Indian author
* R. Shamasastry, Sanskrit scholar
* Satchidanandendra Saraswati, monk-scholar
* K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yoga guru
* Rudrapatnam Brothers, Indian carnatic musicians
* R. K. Padmanabha, Indian Carnatic music vocalist
* R. K. Srikantan, vocalist
* Rathnamala Prakash, Indian singer
* Prithviraj, Kannada actor
* Vijaya Dabbe, Indian writer, feminist, scholar
* Girisha Nagarajegowda, Paralympic athlete
* H. K. Narayana, Singer and music composer
* Nisha Ravikrishnan, Television actress