OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liu Shuai

Liu Shuai (Chinese: 刘帅; born 2 April 1989 in Anhui) is a Chinese football player who currently plays for China League One side Shanghai Jiading Huilong.

## Club career

In 2009, Liu Shuai started his professional footballer career with Shenzhen Ruby in the Chinese Super League. He would eventually make his league debut for Shenzhen on 23 October 2010 in a game against Tianjin Teda. In 2012, he was loaned to China League Two side Shenzhen Main Sports until 31 December.
In March 2017, Liu transferred to League Two side Shanghai Sunfun. In March 2018, Liu transferred to Shenzhen Ledman.

## Career statistics

Statistics accurate as of match played 31 December 2022.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Shenzhen Ruby | 2009 | Chinese Super League | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Ruby | 2010 | Chinese Super League | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 1 |
| Shenzhen Ruby | 2011 | Chinese Super League | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 9 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Ruby | 2013 | China League One | 27 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 28 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Ruby | 2014 | China League One | 7 | 0 | | | - | - | - | - | 7 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Ruby | 2015 | China League One | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Ruby | 2016 | China League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Ruby | Total | Total | 46 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 1 |
| Shenzhen Main Sports (loan) | 2012 | China League Two | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 13 | 1 |
| Shanghai Sunfun | 2017 | China League Two | 22 | 0 | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | - | 25 | 2 |
| Shenzhen Ledman | 2018 | China League Two | 23 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 24 | 1 |
| Shenzhen Bogang | 2019 | Chinese Champions League | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Bogang | 2020 | China League Two | 6 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 0 |
| Shenzhen Bogang | Total | Total | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Shanghai Jiading Huilong | 2021 | China League Two | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 19 | 1 |
| Shanghai Jiading Huilong | 2022 | China League One | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 22 | 0 |
| Shanghai Jiading Huilong | Total | Total | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 151 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 157 | 6 |
# The Mommyheads (album)

The Mommyheads is an album by the American band the Mommyheads, released in 1997. The first single was "Jaded".
The band supported the album with a North American tour. The Mommyheads was nominated for a Bammie Award. The album was barely marketed by Geffen; the band went dormant for more than a decade shortly after its release.

## Production

The album was produced by the band and Don Was, and was recorded at Ocean Way Recording and Was's home studio. It was mixed by Jim Scott. "Wake Up Irene" employed a horn section.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Contra Costa Times | B |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
| Rocky Mountain News | B− |
| The Tampa Tribune | |
The Dayton Daily News called the album "pristine pop from a quartet that's spent a lot of time constructively observing the world around them before they put songwriting pen to paper." The New York Times deemed the band "postgraduate students of the Beach Boys and the Beatles, out to capture the nuances of longing in perfectly balanced melodies." The St. Petersburg Times advised: "Mix one part Wings Paul McCartney with two parts Weezer, then toss in an old '70s organ for a quirky sentimentality, and you have the major label debut of the Mommyheads."
Stereo Review noted that "the Mommyheads seem to be rooted in the notion of pop as something that's both ambitious and instantly appealing, something that's accessibly in tune while sounding slightly off-kilter." Guitar Player determined that "few things in music are as subtle as pure pop... [Adam] Cohen produces the kind of underplayed guitar that recent Brit poppers can only fantasize about." The Contra Costa Times concluded that "the spirit of the Abbey Road-era Beatles glides in and out of the Mommyheads self-titled new album so frequently it's almost eerie."
AllMusic praised the "mature pop sound."
# Boxing at the 2014 Asian Games – Men's 81 kg

The men's light heavyweight (81 kilograms) event at the 2014 Asian Games took place from 26 September to 3 October 2014 at Seonhak Gymnasium, Incheon, South Korea.
Like all Asian Games boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. All bouts consisted of three three-minute rounds.
A total of 13 men from 13 countries competed in this event, the competition was limited to fighters whose body weight was less than 81 kilograms.
Adilbek Niyazymbetov of Kazakhstan won the gold medal. He beat Kim Hyeong-kyu from South Korea 2–1 on points in the final bout at the Seonhak Gymnasium.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Friday, 26 September 2014 | 14:00 | Preliminaries |
| Monday, 29 September 2014 | 19:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Thursday, 2 October 2014 | 14:00 | Semifinals |
| Friday, 3 October 2014 | 14:00 | Final |

## Results
### Legend

* TKO — Won by technical knockout
| Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| | | Kim Hyeong-kyu (KOR) | 3 | | | | |
| | | Arslanbek Açilow (TKM) | 0 | | | | |
| | | | | Kim Hyeong-kyu (KOR) | 3 | | |
| | | | | Oybek Mamazulunov (UZB) | 0 | | |
| | | Najd Salloum (LIB) | | | | | |
| Oybek Mamazulunov (UZB) | 3 | Oybek Mamazulunov (UZB) | TKO | | | | |
| Sandagsürengiin Erdenebayar (MGL) | 0 | | | | | Kim Hyeong-kyu (KOR) | 1 |
| Ehsan Rouzbahani (IRI) | 3 | | | | | Adilbek Niyazymbetov (KAZ) | 2 |
| Tashi Norbu (BHU) | 0 | Ehsan Rouzbahani (IRI) | 3 | | | | |
| Kuldeep Singh (IND) | 2 | Kuldeep Singh (IND) | 0 | | | | |
| Anavat Thongkrathok (THA) | 1 | | | Ehsan Rouzbahani (IRI) | 1 | | |
| Alaaeddin Ghossoun (SYR) | 0 | | | Adilbek Niyazymbetov (KAZ) | 2 | | |
| Adilbek Niyazymbetov (KAZ) | 3 | Adilbek Niyazymbetov (KAZ) | 3 | | | | |
| Ahmad Al-Fadhli (KUW) | | Zhang Aolin (CHN) | 0 | | | | |
| Zhang Aolin (CHN) | TKO | | | | | | |
# Kernmünsterland

The Kernmünsterland is a major landscape unit in western Germany. It covers an area of about 2700 km$^2$ and lies at the heart of the Westphalian Basin and the historic region of Münsterland in the north of Westphalia. It is bounded to the west, north and east by the sandy countryside of the Westmünsterland and Ostmünsterland, whilst in the south it is bordered by the loess landscapes of the Hellweg Börde and Emscherland. Geologically it rises clearly over the surrounding area on a bed of thinly covered Upper Cretaceous strata.
The Kernmünsterland is roughly bounded by the valley of the River Lippe to the south and that of the Ems to the northeast, the Lippe valley being considered part of Kernmünsterland, whilst the Ems valley is counted as part of Ostmünsterland. To the west it is bordered by the hills of the Baumberge (up to 188 m) and the Schöppingen Ridge (up to 158 m) to the northwest and the Haltern Hills (up to 154 m - Hohe Mark, Borkenberge and Haard) to the southwest, the Baumberge and Schöppingen Ridge being included in Kernmünsterland, whilst the Haltern Hills are part of Westmünsterland. Another ridge, the Beckum Hills (up to 174 m) to the southeast is its own major landscape unit.

## Location

Kernmünsterland includes the city of Münster (less the northeast part) to the north, the district of Coesfeld (less the extreme west with Coesfeld and Billerbeck) to the west, the district of Warendorf (less the north with Sassenberg, Warendorf-Nord, Telgte and Ostbevern) to the east the centre of the historic Münsterland.
# 1984 Baylor Bears football team

The 1984 Baylor Bears football team represented the Baylor University in the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Bears finished the season sixth in the Southwest Conference.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 8 | at No. 13 BYU* | Cougar StadiumProvo, Utah | | L 13–47 | 63,705 |
| September 22 | at No. 11 Oklahoma* | Oklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, Oklahoma | | L 15–34 | 75,018 |
| September 29 | at Texas Tech | Jones StadiumLubbock, Texas (rivalry) | | W 18–9 | 41,328 |
| October 6 | Houston | Baylor StadiumWaco, Texas (rivalry) | | L 17–27 | 34,500 |
| October 13 | No. 7 SMU | Baylor StadiumWaco, Texas | | L 20–24 | 26,400 |
| October 20 | at Texas A&M | Kyle FieldCollege Station, Texas (Battle of the Brazos) | | W 20–16 | 54,618 |
| October 27 | at TCU | Amon G. Carter StadiumFort Worth, Texas (rivalry) | | L 28–38 | 23,885 |
| November 3 | New Mexico* | Baylor StadiumWaco, Texas | | W 38–2 | 26,000 |
| November 10 | Arkansas | Baylor StadiumWaco, Texas | | L 9–14 | 43,500 |
| November 17 | at Rice | Rice StadiumHouston, Texas | | W 46–40 | 11,125 |
| November 24 | No. 6 Texas | Baylor StadiumWaco, Texas (rivalry) | Raycom/USA | W 24–10 | 33,500 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||

## Team players drafted into the NFL

The following player was drafted into professional football following the season.
| Player | Position | Round | Pick | Franchise |
| Pat Coryatt | Defensive tackle | 10 | 273 | Chicago Bears |
# Smokin Jo

Smokin Jo (born Joanne Joseph) is a British DJ and record producer from London, England. She is the only female DJ to win the number one DJ in the world award by DJ Mag in 1992.

## Musical career

She began her career in 1990 when she got her first set of decks. In 1991, Jo was given an opportunity to play at London gay club Trade at Turnmills. This led to a residency there that would continue until 1993, launching her career. In 1992 she played in Ibiza for the first time, on the terrace at Space. the same year she was named as DJ Magazines No1 DJ. She also presented the BBC Radio 1 (essential selection) weekly report from Ibiza, between 2002 and 2006.
Jo has gigged all over the world, and in every big club night, playing as far and wide as Japan, Germany, Brazil, Greece, USA (including Space in Miami) China and Singapore. In the UK she has played Ministry of Sound, Fabric, XOYO, The Beams, Printworks in London. She still plays in Ibiza for Glitterbox.

## Awards and nominations
### DJ Magazine

Selected awards :
| Year | Award | Nominated work | Category | Result |
| 1992 | DJ Magazine | Smokin Jo | No1 DJ Award | Won |

#### Top 100 DJs

| Year | Position | Notes |
| 1997 | 97 | New Entry |
| 1998 | 78 | Up 19 |
| 1999 | 93 | Down 15 |
| 2002 | 88 | Re Entry |
| 2003 | 99 | Down 11 |

### DJ Awards

Selected awards :
| Year | Award | Nominated work | Category | Result |
| 2005 | DJ Awards | Smokin Jo | Best Ibiza DJ | Nominated |

## Discography
### Compilation albums

* Infinite Ibiza, White Island Music, 2001.
* Trust the DJ: SJ01, in 2002.

### DJ Mixes albums

* White Island Fever, MuzikMagazine, 2001.
* Full Intention and Smokin'Jo-Defected Sessions, Enter Records, 2002
* Smokin Jo and Tim Sheridan – Sessions, Ministry of Sound, 2005.
* Smokin'Jo-Terrace Mix, MixMag, 2006.

### Singles and EPs

* Yoni (11), Smokin'Jo, Suck on This (12"), Sugarcube Recordings, 1997.
* Malcom Duffy meets Smokin'Jo-Bean Hut (12"), Remote Recordings, 1999.
* Yanu-House, House Tempo Records, 27 July 2001.
* Psycho Bitch EP, Fluential Records, 2001.
* Smokin'Jo (EP & TP, 12"), Fluential Records, 2001.
* Psycho Bitch EP, Feel the Rhythum Records, 2002.
* Smokin'Jo and Pete Heller-Present Sleepers (2) – Fishbone (12"), Junior London Recordings, 2002.
* Pete Gleadall and Smokin'Jo Present Los Vengadores – The Music (12"), Whoop! Records, 2003.
* Smokin'Jo and Washington-Present Black Europeans-The State of Mind (12"), Distraekt Records, 2003.
* Umona – 3 Versions, Area Remote Records, 2009.
* Native Dance – 2 Versions, Area Remote Records, 2010.
* Smokin'Jo and Nichole Moudaber – Home Sweet Home (12"), Yellow Tail Records, 2010.
* Heads Down – 2 Versions, Area Remote Records, 2012.
* Smokin'Jo and Falomir – I see sunrise (12") Area Remote Records, 2014.
* Nichole Moudaber and Smokin Jo – Can't say no to that (12") Doppleganger, 2014.
* Nichole Moudaber and Smokin Jo – Home sweet home (Dub Version) (12") ADSR Records, 2014.
* Smokin'Jo – What's going on (12") Doppleganger, (2015).
# Ramat Park

Ramat Park is an expansive urban park located in the city of Benin, in Edo State, Nigeria. Spanning an area of 15 acres, the park is an iconic landmark in the city, offering a tranquil escape for residents and visitors alike.

## History

Ramat Park's history is intricately linked to the socio-political context of Nigeria during the mid-20th century. It was established in 1985 by the Bendel State Government with the primary objective of creating a green haven amidst the urban landscape, promoting recreational activities, and commemorating the legacy of General Murtala Ramat Mohammed.
General Murtala Ramat Mohammed was the Head of State of Nigeria from 1975 to 1976. He was assassinated during a coup attempt in 1976. The establishment of Ramat Park was a tribute to his contributions to Nigeria's development and his aspiration for a better Nigeria.
The park's location is at the heart of Benin City, making it easily accessible to residents from all walks of life. The Nigerian government's initiative to create green spaces within urban areas aligned with global trends towards urban beautification and the creation of recreational spaces for citizens to connect with nature.

## Development and features

The park features a network of walking paths.

## Management and community engagement

Ramat Park is managed by the Edo State government, and they are responsible for the maintenance and development of green spaces within the city. The government actively engages with the local community, organizing workshops, seminars, and volunteer initiatives to raise awareness about environmental conservation and the park's historical significance.
# 2002 MEAC men's basketball tournament

The 2002 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament took place March 4–9, 2002, at the Arthur Ashe Athletic Center in Richmond, Virginia. Hampton defeated Howard, 80–62 in the championship game, to win its second consecutive MEAC Tournament title. The Pirates earned an automatic bid to the 2002 NCAA tournament as No. 15 seed in the East region. In the round of 64, Hampton fell to No. 2 seed Connecticut 78–67.

## Format

All eleven conference members participated, with the top 5 teams receiving a bye to the quarterfinal round. After seeds 6 through 11 completed games in the first round, teams were re-seeded. The lowest remaining seed was slotted against the top seed, next lowest remaining faced the #2 seed, and third lowest remaining seed squared off against the #3 seed.

## Bracket

| First round Tuesday-Wednesday, March 4–5 | First round Tuesday-Wednesday, March 4–5 | First round Tuesday-Wednesday, March 4–5 | Quarterfinals Wednesday-Thursday, March 6–7 | Quarterfinals Wednesday-Thursday, March 6–7 | Quarterfinals Wednesday-Thursday, March 6–7 | Semifinals Friday, March 8 | Semifinals Friday, March 8 | Semifinals Friday, March 8 | Final Saturday, March 9 | Final Saturday, March 9 | Final Saturday, March 9 |
| | | | 1 | Hampton | 93 | | | | | | |
| | | | 11 | Morgan State | 70 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Bethune–Cookman | 82 | 11 | Morgan State | 70 | | | | | | |
| 9 | Maryland Eastern Shore | 70 | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Maryland Eastern Shore | 70 | | | | 1 | Hampton | 80 | | | |
| | | | | | | 4 | South Carolina State | 70 | | | |
| | | | 4 | South Carolina State | 63 | | | | | | |
| | | | 5 | North Carolina A&T | 61 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 1 | Hampton | 80 |
| | | | | | | | | | 3 | Howard | 62 |
| | | | 8 | Bethune–Cookman | 52 | | | | | | |
| | | | 3 | Howard | 71 | | | | | | |
| 6 | Florida A&M | 91 | 3 | Howard | 71 | | | | | | |
| 11 | Morgan State | 94 | | | | | | | | | |
| 11 | Morgan State | 94 | | | | 3 | Howard | 65 | | | |
| | | | | | | 2 | Delaware State | 56 | | | |
| | | | 2 | Delaware State | 54 | | | | | | |
| | | | 10 | Coppin State | 45 | | | | | | |
| 7 | Norfolk State | 46 | 10 | Coppin State | 45 | | | | | | |
| 10 | Coppin State | 61 | | | | | | | | | |
# Sanders Commings

Sanders Commings (born March 8, 1990) is an American former professional football cornerback. He played college football at Georgia and was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the fifth round of the 2013 NFL draft. He later had a short professional baseball career.

## Early life

Commings was born in Augusta, Georgia. He attended Westside High School in Augusta, and played high school football for the Westside Patriots. As a junior in 2006, he recorded seven interceptions. As a senior in 2007, he missed five games with a cracked fibula but still tallied three interceptions, 41 tackles, 109 rushing yards, 248 receiving yards, and four receiving touchdowns. He also played baseball, where as a senior, he batted .520 with 15 home runs, 40 runs batted in and 18 stolen bases and was a 37th round draft pick of the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 2008 MLB Draft.

## College career

While attending the University of Georgia, Commings played for coach Mark Richt's Georgia Bulldogs football team between 2008 and 2012. During his college career, he appeared in 58 games, starting 34 of them, and accumulated 154 tackles (113 solo), six tackles for loss, 17 pass break-ups, and eight interceptions.

## Professional career

Commings was selected by the Kansas City Chiefs in the fifth round, 134th overall pick, of the 2013 NFL draft.
On July 23, 2013, Commings fractured his left collarbone during training camp practice and was expected to be sidelined anywhere from two to six weeks. On July 30, 2014, he broke his ankle during training camp, which required surgery. On September 5, 2015, Commings was waived by the Chiefs with an injury settlement.

## Baseball career

In 2017, Commings trained with Jerry Hairston Jr., in an attempt to return to baseball, a sport Commings had not played since high school.
In February, Commings signed a minor league deal with the Atlanta Braves. The deal came with a $100,000 signing bonus. After a brief stint with the Danville Braves of the Appalachian League, Commings was released on July 3.
# Canoeing at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's C-1 500 metres

The men's C-1 500 metres sprint canoeing competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Thailand was held on 10 and 11 December at Map Prachan Reservoir.

## Schedule

All times are Indochina Time (UTC+07:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Thursday, 10 December 1998 | 08:30 | Heats |
| Thursday, 10 December 1998 | 15:00 | Semifinal |
| Friday, 11 December 1998 | 08:30 | Final |

## Results
### Legend

* DNF — Did not finish
* DSQ — Disqualified

### Heats

* Qualification: 1–2 → Final (QF), 3–5 → Semifinal (QS)

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Lee Seung-woo (KOR) | 2:02.64 | QF |
| 2 | Shinji Abe (JPN) | 2:03.41 | QF |
| 3 | Zaw Win Aung (MYA) | 2:08.17 | QS |
| 4 | Vaga Ram (IND) | 2:08.18 | QS |
| 5 | Abid Khan Afridi (PAK) | 2:23.78 | QS |
| 6 | Nitat Naktong (THA) | 2:28.17 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Meng Guanliang (CHN) | 1:54.75 | QF |
| 2 | Kaisar Nurmaganbetov (KAZ) | 1:56.19 | QF |
| 3 | Dmitriy Kovalenko (UZB) | 2:00.49 | QS |
| 4 | Hong Yong-guk (PRK) | 2:03.47 | QS |
| 5 | S. Fongvichith (LAO) | 2:25.76 | QS |
| 6 | Reynaldo Comilang (PHI) | 2:32.35 | |

### Semifinal

* Qualification: 1–2 → Final (QF)
| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Dmitriy Kovalenko (UZB) | 2:07.75 | QF |
| 2 | Hong Yong-guk (PRK) | 2:13.04 | QF |
| 3 | Vaga Ram (IND) | 2:17.43 | |
| 4 | Abid Khan Afridi (PAK) | 2:28.25 | |
| — | S. Fongvichith (LAO) | DNF | |
| — | Zaw Win Aung (MYA) | DNF | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| | Kaisar Nurmaganbetov (KAZ) | 2:03.51 |
| | Dmitriy Kovalenko (UZB) | 2:14.41 |
| | Lee Seung-woo (KOR) | 2:15.64 |
| 4 | Shinji Abe (JPN) | 2:18.91 |
| 5 | Hong Yong-guk (PRK) | 2:24.10 |
| — | Meng Guanliang (CHN) | DSQ |
# Tim Grayson

Tim Grayson (born September 17, 1967) is an American state politician in California. He serves in the California State Senate since 2024, and previously served in the California State Assembly from 2016 to 2024.

## Early career

Grayson was a construction contractor before getting involved in politics.

## Political career

Grayson was a member of the Concord City Council before successfully running for the California State Assembly in November 2016. Although once a Republican, he switched parties upon making a bid for Assembly.
Grayson represented the 14th Assembly District from 2016 to 2022, and the 15th Assembly District - which encompasses parts of the East Bay and the North Bay, including Concord, Pittsburg, and Pleasant Hill - from 2022 to 2024.
He ran for the California State Senate in the November 2024 election, contesting the 9th District seat.
# Cyclosarin

Cyclosarin or GF (cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance used as a chemical weapon. It is a member of the G-series family of nerve agents, a group of chemical weapons discovered and synthesized by a German team led by Gerhard Schrader. The major nerve gases are the G agents, sarin (GB), soman (GD), tabun (GA), and the V agents such as VX. The original agent, tabun, was discovered in Germany in 1936 in the process of work on organophosphorus insecticides. Next came sarin, soman and finally, cyclosarin, a product of commercial insecticide laboratories prior to World War II.
As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations. Pursuant to UN Resolution 687 its production and stockpiling was outlawed globally by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) of 1993, although Egypt, Israel, North Korea and South Sudan have not ratified the CWC (thus not outlawing their own stockpiling of chemical weapons).

## Chemical characteristics

Like its predecessor sarin, cyclosarin is a liquid organophosphate nerve agent. Its physical characteristics are, however, quite different from those of sarin.
At room temperature, cyclosarin is a colorless liquid whose odor has been variously described as sweet and musty, or resembling peaches or shellac. Unlike sarin, cyclosarin is a persistent liquid, meaning that it has a low vapor pressure and therefore evaporates relatively slowly, at only about 1/69th the rate of sarin and 1/20th that of water.
Also unlike sarin, cyclosarin is flammable, with a flash point of 94 °C (201 °F).

## History

First synthesized during World War II as part of Nazi Germany's chemical weapons research on organophosphate compounds after their military potential was recognized, cyclosarin was also studied later in the United States and Great Britain in the early 1950s as part of a systematic study of potential nerve agents. It was never selected for mass production, however, due to its precursors being more expensive than those of other G-series nerve agents such as sarin (GB).
To date, Iraq is the only nation known to have manufactured significant quantities of cyclosarin for use as a chemical agent and to deploy it in battle. During the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), the Iraqis used sarin and cyclosarin together as a mixture. This was likely done to obtain a more persistent chemical agent as well as in response to an existing embargo placed on alcohol precursors for sarin.

## Munitions
### Binary weapons

Like other nerve agents, cyclosarin can be shipped in binary munitions.
A cyclosarin binary weapon would most likely contain methylphosphonyl difluoride in one capsule, with the other capsule containing a mixture of cyclohexylamine and cyclohexanol.

### GB-GF mixtures

Iraq fielded munitions filled with a mixture of GB (sarin) and GF (cyclosarin). Tests on mice indicated that GB-GF mixtures have a relative toxicity between GF and GB.