# Erdenet

Erdenet (/ˈɜːrdɪnɛt/; Mongolian: Эрдэнэт, 'precious, valuable') is the second-largest city in Mongolia and the provincial capital of Orkhon. Located in the northern Mongolia, it lies in a valley between the Selenge and Orkhon rivers about 240 km (149 mi) (as the crow flies) northwest of Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, the capital. The road length between Ulaanbaatar and Erdenet is about 370 km (230 mi). As of the 2018 census, the city had a population of 98,057.

## History

Erdenet, one of the youngest settlements in Mongolia, was founded in 1974 in an area where large deposits of copper had been discovered in the 1950s. A single-track railway line with a length of 120 km (75 mi) linking Erdenet to the Trans-Mongolian Railway was inaugurated in 1977. In the middle of the 1980s, more than 50% of the inhabitants were Russians working as engineers or miners. After the fall of Soviet Communism in 1990, however, most Russians left Erdenet. Today, about 10% of the population is Russian.

### Erdenet Mining Corporation

The city hosts the fourth largest copper mine in the world. The Erdenet Mining Corporation is a joint Mongolian-Russian venture, and accounts for a majority of Mongolia's hard currency income. Erdenet mines 22.23 million tons of ore per year, producing 126,700 tons of copper and 1,954 tons of molybdenum. The mine accounts for 13.5% of Mongolia's GDP and 7% of tax revenue. About 8,000 people are employed in the mine.

## Infrastructure

Erdenet is linked to Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, and to the towns of Darkhan and Bulgan by a paved road and is easily accessible by bus several times each day. The distance to the capital where the nearest airport is situated amounts to 370 km (230 mi) and travel by car takes about eight hours. Train connections between Erdenet and Ulaanbaatar are less comfortable as there is only one train per day covering the distance in 11 hours.

## Sights

* Tourists are allowed to visit the mine by appointment. It is in the eastern part of the city, about 6 km (4 mi) from the centre.
* Another important economic factor of Erdenet is the carpet factory about 2 km (1 mi) from the center to the east which was founded in 1981. Every year, about 2,000 tons of wool are processed in the factory where about 1,100 people are employed.
* The Mining Museum, in the Culture Palace on the central town square.
* The Museum of Orkhon Province was founded in 1983.
* The Friendship Monument dating from 1984 is on a hill offering a scenic view of the whole city in the northeastern part of Erdenet.
* A new temple with a large Buddha statue was built very recently in the eastern part of Erdenet.
* An amusement park was laid out in the east of the centre.
* Amarbayasgalant Monastery is a Buddhist monastery about 60 km (37 mi) northeast of Erdenet. It was founded between 1727 and 1737, partially destroyed by order of Khorloogiin Choibalsan in 1937 and reconstructed after 1975 using financial aid provided by the UNESCO.

## Population

Erdenet population :
| 1975 est. | 1979 census | 1981 est. | 1985 est. | 1989 census | 1994 est. | 2000 census | 2003 est. | 2004 est. | 2005 est. | 2006 est. | 2007 est. | 2008 est. |
| 4,100 | 31,900 | 38,700 | 45,400 | 56,100 | 63,000 | 68,310 | 78,882 | 80,858 | 81,249 | 83,160 | 85,121 | 86,866 |

## Climate

Erdenet has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk). Summers are typically warm and rainy with cool nights, while winters are long, very cold, and dry.
Climate data for Bulgan, elevation 1,219 m (3,999 ft), (1991–2020, extremes 1941–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 31.4 (88.5) | 36.0 (96.8) | 36.2 (97.2) | 38.3 (100.9) | 35.3 (95.5) | 30.5 (86.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 16.2 (61.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 38.3 (100.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13.2 (8.2) | −7.9 (17.8) | 1.7 (35.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 18.5 (65.3) | 23.3 (73.9) | 24.5 (76.1) | 22.5 (72.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 8.7 (47.7) | −3.2 (26.2) | −11.3 (11.7) | 7.7 (45.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) | −16.9 (1.6) | −7.3 (18.9) | 3.0 (37.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 15.5 (59.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 8.5 (47.3) | −0.1 (31.8) | −10.7 (12.7) | −18.3 (−0.9) | −0.4 (31.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −26.4 (−15.5) | −23.8 (−10.8) | −14.9 (5.2) | −4.9 (23.2) | 1.1 (34.0) | 7.8 (46.0) | 11.2 (52.2) | 8.7 (47.7) | 1.2 (34.2) | −6.8 (19.8) | −16.7 (1.9) | −23.7 (−10.7) | −7.3 (18.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −41.6 (−42.9) | −40.2 (−40.4) | −35.2 (−31.4) | −22.2 (−8.0) | −12.8 (9.0) | −8.9 (16.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | −3.0 (26.6) | −14.6 (5.7) | −28.2 (−18.8) | −38.5 (−37.3) | −39.3 (−38.7) | −41.6 (−42.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) | 13 (0.5) | 21 (0.8) | 57 (2.2) | 97 (3.8) | 66 (2.6) | 28 (1.1) | 8 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 306 (12) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 8.2 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 50.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75.4 | 72.5 | 66.2 | 55.6 | 54.4 | 63.0 | 71.6 | 73.9 | 68.7 | 68.5 | 73.5 | 76.1 | 68.3 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Gallery

* Friendship Monument
* City Centre
* Main Street
* City Centre
* Market in the center
* New Buddha Statue
* Residential area with LDS Church
* Typical residential area in the west of Erdenet
* Amusement park

## Notable residents

* Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, former President of Mongolia
* Oleksandr Zelenskyy, mining engineer and father of Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* Volodymyr Zelenskyy, current President of Ukraine

## Twin towns – sister cities

Erdenet is twinned with:
| City | Region | Country |
| Fairbanks | Alaska | United States |
| Ulan-Ude | Buryatia | Russia |
| Edremit | Balıkesir | Turkey |
| Székesfehérvár | Fejér County | Hungary |