# Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge

The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah), also known as the Penang Second Bridge (Jambatan Kedua Pulau Pinang), is a dual carriageway toll bridge in Penang, Malaysia. It connects Bandar Cassia (Batu Kawan) in Seberang Perai, Peninsular Malaysia, with Batu Maung on Penang Island. It is the second bridge to link the island to the mainland after Penang Bridge.
The total length of the span is 24 km (15 mi) with 16.9 km (10.5 mi) over water, making it the longest bridge in Malaysia and the second longest in Southeast Asia, behind the 30 km (19 mi) Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Bridge in Brunei. China Harbour Engineering Company in November 2007 and complete the project in 2011, but the completion date was postponed to May 2012 and later to February 2014. Construction started in November 2008.
The span was originally given route code E22 but later changed to E28, and E22 was used by Senai–Desaru Expressway. To reduce the cost of construction, its design was modified to resemble Penang Bridge. The project was completed with a major loan from China, in an effort to maintain the economic relationship between the two nations. The Penang Second Bridge was officially opened on 1 March 2014 and was named after the fourteenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah of Kedah.

## Overview

The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge is a High Impact Project launched under the Ninth Malaysia Plan. Being a High Impact Project, it was seen as a key catalyst in the socio-economic development of Malaysia's Northern Corridor Economic Region. The project was delivered by a special purpose concession company formed by the Government of Malaysia, Jambatan Kedua Sdn Bhd (JKSB). The bridge measuring a total of 24 km (15 mi) in length was constructed by UEM Builders Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of the UEM Group Malaysia, as well as China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC), a subsidiary of the China Communications Construction Company. Construction of the bridge, linking Batu Kawan on the mainland and Batu Maung on Penang Island, began in November 2008 and was completed in February 2014. The bridge opened to traffic on 2 March 2014.

## Route background

The E28 expressway consists of the bridge and a land expressway linking the bridge to the North–South Expressway Northern Route E1, the main expressway of Peninsular Malaysia.
The start of the expressway is located at its interchange with the North–South Expressway Northern Route E1. The westbound lanes towards the bridge feature a collector-express lanes system, where the collector lanes have an interchange at Exit 2801 to Bandar Cassia and Batu Kawan while the express lanes continue uninterrupted to the bridge. The bridge and expressway end in Batu Maung on Penang Island at the interchange with Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway.

## History
### Planning

The idea to build a second bridge linking Seberang Perai to Penang Island was suggested in 1995 by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and Chief Minister of Penang Koh Tsu Koon. In August 2006, the Malaysian federal government unveiled a plan to build the Penang Second Bridge in the Ninth Malaysia Plan. On 12 November 2006, the groundbreaking ceremony for the new Penang Second Bridge was performed by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.

### Construction

After months of soil survey work and test piling work, CHEC and UEM announced that the project was on track for completion in 2011. Construction work was expected to begin in January 2008.
In April 2008, the government announced that the project was to be delayed by 9 months due to land acquisition, design issues, and also the rising costs of building materials. Newly elected Chief Minister of Penang, Lim Guan Eng proposed a toll discount for any delays on the project and expressed disappointment regarding the construction delay.
In July 2008, Jelutong MP Jeff Ooi reported that the loan for the bridge risked being withdrawn if the shareholder agreement between UEM Builders Berhad and its joint-venture partner CHEC was not inked by August 2008. It was reported that there were disagreements between the two parties on the apportionment of the cost of building the bridge although the issue was expected to be resolved quickly due to UEM having a variation on the price on its portion.
On 8 November 2008, the construction of the Penang Second Bridge began.
On 3 October 2012, media reports indicated that the bridge was 84% complete, and that the bridge was due to be completed approximately two months ahead of the deadline of September 2013.
On 20 April 2013, the final closure of the cable stayed bridge at the main navigational span of the Penang Second Bridge was completed and thus signified the completion of the construction of the bridge and physically connecting Batu Maung on the Island and Batu Kawan on the Mainland.

### Opening

The bridge had been planned for completion on 8 November 2013 and to be opened to the public by the end of November. However, the opening day of 8 November 2013 was postponed.
The opening ceremony of the Penang Second Bridge was held at 20:30 MST on 1 March 2014. The bridge was official named Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge after the fourteenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah of Kedah. At midnight on 2 March 2014, the bridge was opened to traffic at 00:01 MST after the official opening ceremony.

### Restrictions during MCO

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the expressway experienced ramp closures several times. Those ramps were:
* Batu Maung Ramp 4 (BMR4) (Southbound motorists had to make a U-turn at Batu Maung before entering the bridge)
* Bandar Cassia Ramp 7 (BCR7) (Southbound motorists had to make a U-turn at Bandar Cassia before approaching the JK2PP toll plaza)
* Bandar Cassia Toll Plaza A (Westbound motorists had to pay at Plaza B and pay again at JK2PP toll plaza)

## Incidents
### Penang Second Bridge ramp collapse

On 6 June 2013, a ramp leading to the still under construction Penang Second Bridge at Batu Maung interchange collapsed at around 7:00 pm, burying a car and two motorcycles under the debris. One person was killed in the incident. The ramp which is part of the Package 3A of the bridge project was built by the contractor Cergas Murni Sdn Bhd and not UEM Builders Berhad.

## Design specifications
### Bridge

The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge is designed based on the double "S" curvy concept due to the geological reasons.The numerous "S"-like curves along the 24 km stretch are a requirement under the Road Safety Audit.
The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge is the longest bridge in the world installed with High Damping Natural Rubber Bearing, an effective seismic isolation system that enables the bridge to withstand high intensity earthquakes. The bridge is the first in Malaysia to be installed with seismic expansion joints, which would allow movements during an earthquake.

#### Bridge specifications

* Overall length: 24 km (15 mi)
* Length over water: 16.9 km (10.5 mi)
* Main span: Length – 250 m (820 ft)
* Height clearance (above water): 30 m (98 ft)
* Number of vehicle lanes: 2 (with road shoulder) + 1 for motorcycles (each direction)
* Overall cost: RM 4.5 Billion
* Average time taken to drive from Batu Kawan to Batu Maung: 20 mins
* Proposed speed limit on bridge: 80 km/h (50 mph)

### Land expressway

The land expressway is the first in Malaysia to be designed based on an upgraded secondary consolidation criterion of 50-millimeter earth embankment settlement for every 20 years, as compared to the Penang Bridge whose 367-millimeter earth embankment has to be settled every five years.

## Tolls
### Overview

The bridge and the link road to the North–South Expressway are maintained by a private concession company, Jambatan Kedua Sdn Bhd (JKSB). The toll for the bridge is similar to the toll scheme for the Penang Bridge, where a fee is collected one way when crossing the bridge from the mainland to Penang Island, while no fee is imposed for mainland-bound motorists coming from the island. On the other hand, the toll for the link road between the bridge and the North–South Expressway is collected in both directions.
There was a toll-free trial period during the opening month from 2 March until 31 March 2014. Toll collection began on 1 April 2014 at 6am. There are two toll plazas on the route: the Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza) and the Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza (JK2PP Toll Plaza).

#### Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza)

The Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza or Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza, also known as Gateway Arch Toll Plaza after its gateway arch design, is the main toll plaza for Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge. Upon completion in February 2014, it is the largest toll plaza in Malaysia, overtaking the Sungai Besi Toll Plaza of the North–South Expressway Southern Route E2. The toll plaza is Malaysia's longest non-vehicular span steel arch structure. It is also the first in Malaysia to be awarded with a Platinum rating in the Green Building Index.
Situated between the North–South Expressway (Exit 157) and Bandar Cassia (Exit 2801) interchanges, the Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza is managed by PLUS Expressways, the highway concessionaire of the North–South Expressway.
In the westbound direction towards the bridge, the toll plaza is the starting point of the collector-express lanes system with division into two sections: Plaza A for the express lanes to the bridge and Plaza B for the collector lanes to the Bandar Cassia interchange. At Plaza A, three tolls are collected from motorists: the PLUS closed toll collection for the North–South Expressway, the toll for the link road and the toll for the bridge; the latter two are collected on behalf of JKSB. At Plaza B, only the first two tolls are collected without the bridge component, as it is intended for motorists heading towards Bandar Cassia and Batu Kawan without using the bridge.
In the eastbound direction towards the North–South Expressway, the toll plaza serves as the entry point into the PLUS closed toll system. The toll for the link road is collected together with the PLUS closed toll when the motorist exits the closed toll system.
Beginning 26 April 2017, only Touch 'n Go cards and SmartTAGs are accepted for toll payment. PLUS transit ticket is no longer issued for entry at Bandar Cassia toll plaza.

#### Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza (JK2PP Toll Plaza)

The Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza or JK2PP Toll Plaza is located on the collector lanes after the Bandar Cassia interchange (Exit 2801), before merging with the express lanes towards the bridge. The toll plaza is managed by Jambatan Kedua Sdn Bhd (JKSB).
The toll for the bridge is collected from motorists going towards the bridge from the Bandar Cassia interchange, as well as from those who had used Plaza B at the Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza and travelled on the collector lanes to the bridge. Motorists travelling on the express lanes bypass the JK2PP Toll Plaza, as they had already paid the toll for the bridge at Plaza A of the Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza.
Motorcyclists used to pay a bridge toll of RM1.70 at the JK2PP Toll Plaza. However, since 1 January 2019, toll collection for motorcyclists was abolished for both Penang bridges. To date, the toll plaza canopy for motorcyclists remain.
Since 1 June 2016, all electronic toll transactions have been conducted using Touch 'n Go cards and SmartTAGs. The SmartTAG and MyRFID lanes are for light vehicles only. Cash payment is no longer accepted.

### Fares

(Since 1 February 2020)
| Class | Types of vehicles | Rate (in Malaysian Ringgit (RM)) | Rate (in Malaysian Ringgit (RM)) |
| Class | Types of vehicles | Bandar Cassia | JK2PP |
| 0 | Motorcycles (Vehicles with two axles and two wheels) | Free | Free |
| 1 | Private Cars (Vehicles with two axles and three or four wheels (excluding taxis and buses)) | 0.60 | 5.74 |
| 2 | Vans and other small goods vehicles (Vehicles with two axles and five or six wheels (excluding buses)) | 0.90 | 30.50 |
| 3 | Large Trucks (Vehicles with three or more axles (excluding buses)) | 1.20 | 70.10 |
| 4 | Taxis | 0.30 | 8.50 |
| 5 | Buses | 0.50 | 26.20 |

## Facilities
### JKSB Ronda

JKSB Ronda is the highway patrol unit that patrols along the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge and land expressways and also provides assistance to commuters on the bridge. The current highway patrol vehicles are the Japanese made Toyota Hilux and the Mitsubishi i-MiEV, the four-seater electric vehicle, is able to travel 150 km after an eight-hour full charge. Seven charging stations were also set up at the toll plaza on the mainland, two of them being rapid chargers which are able to give an 80 percent charge in 30 minutes.

#### Inventory

| Vehicle | Origin | Type | In service | Notes |
| Mitsubishi i-MiEV | Japan | Highway patrol vehicles | 2014–present | First highway patrol electric vehicles in Malaysia. |
| Toyota Hilux | Japan | Highway patrol vehicles and tow truck | 2014–present | |

### Rest and service areas (R&R)

Two future rest and service areas (R&R) are located at Batu Kawan on the mainland. They will be built in six months' time. The plan was to have a floating rest and service area on the middle of the bridge. However, the plan was scrapped due to high costs.

## List of interchanges
### Major Routes

| Km | Exit | Interchange | To | Notes |
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge 0 | 157 | Penang Second Bridge-NSE Interchange | North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 North-South Expressway Northern Route North North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Alor Star (Langkawi Island) Butterworth–Kulim Expressway AH140 Gerik North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Butterworth South North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Kuala Lumpur North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Ipoh North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Jawi Sungai Bakap Layby | Closed tolled trumpet expressway interchange |
| 0.1 | | | | |
| 0.2 | | Canal bridge | | |
| 0.3 | | Sungai Tengah bridge | | |
| 0.4 | | | | |
| 0.5 | | Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza Bound Exit | T Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Gateway Arch Toll Plaza) T PLAZA A Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Penang Second Bridge) FT 3113 George Town P10 Bayan Lepas P10 Batu Maung FT 3113 Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone FT 6 Penang International Airport T PLAZA B 2801 Bandar Cassia Interchange Bandar Cassia FT 149 Batu Kawan FT 149 Bukit Tambun FT 1 Simpang Ampat Changkat Nibong Tebal | West bound |
| Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Gateway Arch Toll Plaza) JKP PLAZA A (Main Toll Plaza) PLUSTransit Touch 'n Go SmartTAG MyRFID SmartTAG Touch 'n Go RM (Cash) Closed toll system Collect PLUSTransit cards and pay a distance toll including toll for Penang Second Bridge (Enter bridge only) |||||
| Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Gateway Arch Toll Plaza) JKP PLAZA B (To Bandar Cassia Interchange only) SmartTAG MyRFID Touch 'n Go RM (Cash) Closed toll system Pay a distance toll |||||
| 0.7 | | Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza (Gateway Arch Toll Plaza) JKP | | West bound To Bandar Cassia Interchange only |
| 0.8 | | | | |
| North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 North–South Expressway Northern Route (Batu Kawan Expressway) PLUS Expressway border limit |||||
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) (Batu Kawan Expressway) JKSB border limit |||||
| 0.9 | | | | |
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge 1 | 2801 | Bandar Cassia Interchange | Lebuhraya Bandar Cassia (Bandar Cassia Avenue) North Bandar Cassia FT 149 Batu Kawan FT 149 Bukit Tambun FT 1 Simpang Ampat FT 149 Aman Island (Jetty) Batu Kawan Sports Complex Southeast Changkat Nibong Tebal | Cloverleaf interchange |
| Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza JKSB (From Bandar Cassia Interchange only) MyRFID SmartTAG Touch 'n Go RM (Cash) Opened toll system Pay toll |||||
| 1.5 | | Penang Second Bridge Toll Plaza JKSB | Penang Second Bridge Info Centre | West bound From Bandar Cassia Interchange only |
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge 2 | | | | |
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge Batu Kawan Expressway |||||
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) Length Over Water: 16.9 kilometres | | Start/End of bridge |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) Batu Kawan Rest and Service Area | | Eastern approach span East bound Future Rest and Service Area |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) Batu Kawan Rest and Service Area | | Eastern approach span West bound Future Rest and Service Area |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) | | Eastern approach span |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) | | Eastern approach span |
| Seberang Perai Selatan-Barat Daya district border |||||
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) | | Eastern approach span |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) | | Main navigational span Cable stayed bridge 250 m |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) | | Western approach span |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) | | Western approach span |
| | | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) Length Over Water: 16.9 kilometres | | Start/End of bridge |
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge 24 | 2802 | Batu Muang | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge FT 3113 Batu Muang Expressway North FT 3113 Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway (Bayan Lepas Expressway) FT 3113 Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone FT 3113 George Town Jerejak Island (Jetty) Penang Hospital South P10 Batu Maung P10 Bayan Lepas FT 6 Penang International Airport | Elevated directional-Y interchange |
| | | Persiaran Bayan Lepas | West Persiaran Bayan Lepas | Interchange |
| | | Sungai Nipah bridge | | |
| | | Solok Bayan Lepas | West Solok Bayan Lepas | Interchange |
| | | Sungai Batu Maung bridge | | |
| | | Penang Aquarium | | |
| | | Batu Muang Interchange | Northwest Jalan Pekan Batu Muang Batu Maung town centre MAS Complex Cargo Terminal Southeast P220 Jalan Permatang Damar Laut Permatang Damar Laut Penang War Museum | Diamond interchange |
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge FT 3113 Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) |||||
| P10 Jalan Batu Muang JKR border limit |||||
| | | | Southwest P10 Jalan Batu Maung P10 Bayan Lepas FT 6 Penang International Airport | |
vte Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge :

## Lebuhraya Bandar Cassia

Lebuhraya Bandar Cassia is a major road in Penang, Malaysia.

### List of interchange

| Km | Interchange | To | Notes |
| | Batu Kawan | FT 149 Jalan Bukit Tambun West FT 149 Pengkalan Batu Kawan FT 149 Aman Island (Jetty) East FT 149 Bukit Tambun FT 149 Simpang Ampat FT 1 Sungai Bakap FT 1 Bukit Mertajam North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 North-South Expressway Northern Route Alor Setar Kuala Lumpur Ipoh | Roundabout |
| Lebuhraya Bandar Cassia (Bandar Cassia Avenue) Start/End of highway |||||
| | Batu Kawan Batu Kawan Sports Complex | Batu Kawan Stadium | |
| | Bandar Cassia | Lingkaran Cassia Timur | Junctions |
| | Bandar Cassia | | |
| Lebuhraya Bandar Cassia (Bandar Cassia Avenue) JKR border limit |||||
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge FT 3113 Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) (Batu Kawan Expressway) Start/End of expressway JKSB border limit |||||
| | Bandar Cassia-JKPP | Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge Penang Second Bridge (Batu Kawan Expressway) West T Penang Secong Bridge Toll Plaza Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge P10 Batu Maung P10 Bayan Lepas FT 6 Penang International Airport East T Penang Second Bridge Integrated (Gateway) North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 North-South Expressway Northern Route North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Alor Setar North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Butterworth North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Kuala Lumpur North–South Expressway Northern Route AH2 Ipoh | Cloverleaf interchange |
| Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) (Batu Kawan Expressway) Start/End of expressway JKSB border limit |||||
| Lebuhraya Bandar Cassia (Bandar Cassia Avenue) JKR border limit |||||
| | Bandar Cassia | | |
| | Sungai Tengah bridge | | |
| | Changkat | | |

## Facts and figures

* Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge is the longest bridge in Malaysia and second longest in Southeast Asia, after Temburong Bridge. It was listed in the Malaysian Book of Records.
* Penang Second Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza or Gateway Arch Toll Plaza is the largest toll plaza in Malaysia. It was listed into the Malaysian Book of Records.
* The longest bridge over the water in Malaysia and Southeast Asia at 16.9 km.
* The longest bridge in Malaysia installed with High Damping Natural Rubber Bearing that provides effective seismic isolation system that enables the bridge to withstand high intensity earthquakes.
* The bridge's 2.3 meter diameter bore pile designed for the Main Span bored 127 meter deep is among the deepest in the world.
* The Statnamic load test conducted at Pier 24 was the biggest Statnamic load test ever conducted in the world at 54MN.
* The first bridge to deploy electric vehicles as its Patrol Vehicle for the bridge and land expressway.
* Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Bridge Toll Plaza Complex (Gateway Arch Toll Plaza) is the first in Malaysia to be awarded with a Platinum rating for the Green Building Index.
* The land expressway is the first in Malaysia to be designed for upgraded secondary consolidation criteria at 50mm settlement in 20 years.
* The first bridge in Malaysia installed with seismic expansion joints.
* First bridge in Malaysia installed with noise reduction seismic expansion joints.
* Malaysia's first third generation saddles at Pylon 25 & 26 for Main Span Stayed Cable Bridge.
* Largest Toll Plaza Complex in Malaysia installed with Ethylene Tetrfluoroethylene as its roof canopy (Jambatan Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Integrated Toll Plaza/ Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza).
* Malaysia's longest pre-joined precast spun concrete piles were driven in the construction of this project.
* The first bridge in Malaysia to use the TL-4 movable barrier at the median crossing (every 2 km interval), which can stand impact from trucks, busses or other heavy vehicles.
* Installation of Dynamic Road Signage, which allow road users to access real time traffic conditions on the first bridge and Jambatan Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah. The first of such system installed in Malaysia.
* Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Bridge Integrated Toll Plaza/ Bandar Cassia PLUS Toll Plaza is Malaysia's largest non-vehicular span steel arch structure erected, greeting the road users coming from PLUS Expressway.

## Commemorative events
### Postage stamps

The commemorative postage stamps to mark the opening of the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge on 1 March 2014 was issued by Pos Malaysia on 31 December 2014. The denominations for these stamps were RM 1.20.

## Bridge in popular culture

* The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge) was featured in an episode of Megastructures on the National Geographic Channel and TV1.