# Al Kooper

Al Kooper (born Alan Peter Kuperschmidt; February 5, 1944) is an American retired songwriter, record producer, and musician. Throughout much of the 1960s and 1970s he was a prolific studio musician, including playing organ on the Bob Dylan song "Like a Rolling Stone", French horn and piano on the Rolling Stones song "You Can't Always Get What You Want", and lead guitar on Rita Coolidge's "The Lady's Not for Sale". He also joined and named Blood, Sweat & Tears. However, he did not stay with the group long enough to share its popularity. Kooper produced a number of one-off collaboration albums, such as the Super Session album that saw him work separately with guitarists Mike Bloomfield and Stephen Stills. In the 1970s Kooper was a successful manager and producer, recording Lynyrd Skynyrd's first three albums. He has had a successful solo career, writing music for film soundtracks, and has lectured in musical composition. Kooper was selected for induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2023.

## Early life

Kooper was Alan Peter Kuperschmidt born in Brooklyn, New York City, on February 5, 1944 and grew up in Hollis Hills Queens. He grew up in a Jewish family in Queens.

## Career
### Professional debut

Kooper's first professional work was as a 14-year-old guitarist in the Royal Teens, best known for their 1958 ABC Records novelty song "Short Shorts" (although Kooper did not play on that recording). In 1960, he teamed up with songwriters Bob Brass and Irwin Levine to write and record demos for Sea-Lark Music Publishing. The trio's biggest hits were "This Diamond Ring", recorded by Gary Lewis and the Playboys, and "I Must Be Seeing Things", recorded by Gene Pitney (both 1965). When he was 21, Kooper moved to Greenwich Village in Manhattan.

### With Bob Dylan

He first performed with Bob Dylan playing the Hammond organ riffs on "Like a Rolling Stone". He had been invited to watch the recording by producer Tom Wilson. In those recording sessions, Kooper met and befriended Mike Bloomfield, whose guitar playing he admired. He worked with Bloomfield for several years. In 1965, Kooper played with Dylan in concert and played Hammond organ with Dylan at the Newport Folk Festival and in the recording studio in 1965 and 1966. He played organ once again with Dylan during his 1981 world tour.

### The Blues Project and Blood, Sweat & Tears

Kooper joined the Blues Project as their keyboardist in 1965. He left the band shortly before their gig at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, although he did play a solo set, as evidenced by The Criterion Collection Blu-ray extended edition of the event. He formed Blood, Sweat & Tears in 1967, leaving due to creative differences in 1968, after the release of the group's first album, Child Is Father to the Man. He recorded Super Session with Bloomfield and Stephen Stills in 1968, and in 1969 he collaborated with 15-year-old guitarist Shuggie Otis on the album Kooper Session. In 1972, he rejoined The Blues Project at a charity concert promoted by Bruce Blakeman at Valley Stream Central High School.

### Other work
#### As musician

Kooper has played on hundreds of records, including ones by the Rolling Stones, B.B. King, the Who, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Alice Cooper, and Cream. On occasion he overdubbed his own efforts, as on The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper and other albums, under the pseudonym "Roosevelt Gook".

#### As record producer

In 1969, Kooper produced, arranged, and conducted the album Appaloosa, a "folk-baroque" style of music that combined rock and classical. Among other artists who were all arranging folk-oriented material with classical-influenced orchestration were Judy Collins, Donovan, Tim Hardin, and Tom Rush. Kooper was joined by Boston musicians John Parker Compton, singer and acoustic guitarist, Robin Batteau on violin, Eugene Rosov on cello, and David Reiser on electric bass. Contributing to the album was saxophonist Fred Lipsius and Blood, Sweat & Tears drummer Bobby Colomby. After moving to Atlanta in 1972, he discovered the band Lynyrd Skynyrd, and produced and performed on their first three albums, including the singles "Sweet Home Alabama" and "Free Bird". In 1975 he produced the debut album of the Tubes.

#### TV scores

Kooper wrote the scores for the TV series Crime Story and the film The Landlord, as well as several made-for-television movies. He was the musical force behind many pop tunes, including "You're the Lovin' End", for The Banana Splits, a children's television program.

#### Studio

In the late 1980s, Kooper had his own dedicated keyboard studio in the historic Sound Emporium recording studio in Nashville, next to Studio B.

#### Rock Bottom Remainders

Kooper's status as a published author enabled him to join (and act as musical director of) the Rock Bottom Remainders, a band made up of writers including Dave Barry, Barbara Kingsolver, Stephen King, Amy Tan, and Matt Groening.

#### New Music For Old People

Kooper wrote a column called "New Music For Old People" for the online publication The Morton Report from April 2014 to April 2015. This later led to a radio show by the same name, which began in October 2018, for Martha's Vineyard community radio station WVVY-LP. The first 11 editions can be found online.

#### Magazine writer

Kooper profiled Steve Martin for Crawdaddy Magazine in 1977.

#### Kooperkast

Kooper's podcast, "Kooperkast" started in late 2020. Hosted by webmaster Jon Sachs, Kooper discusses his experiences in his more than 60 years in the music industry, including his solo albums, Bob Dylan and Lynyrd Skynyrd. He answers questions that can be submitted on the Kooperkast page on his website.

### Honors, awards, and legacy

In May 2001, Kooper was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music in Boston. He taught songwriting and recording production there. He plays weekend concerts with his bands the ReKooperators and the Funky Faculty. In 2008, he participated in the production of the album Psalngs, the debut release of Canadian musician John Lefebvre.
Kooper was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum, in Nashville, in 2008.
In 2005, Martin Scorsese produced a documentary titled No Direction Home: Bob Dylan for the PBS American Masters Series, in which Kooper's contributions are recognized.
In 2023, Kooper was selected for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the Award for Musical Excellence category.

## Memoir

Kooper published a memoir, Backstage Passes: Rock 'n' Roll Life in the Sixties (1977), which was revised and published as Backstage Passes and Backstabbing Bastards: Memoirs of a Rock 'n' Roll Survivor (1998). The revised edition includes indictments of "manipulators" in the music industry, including his one-time business manager, Stan Polley. An updated edition, including supplementary material, was published by Backbeat Books in 2008.

## Discography
### Solo
#### Studio albums

* I Stand Alone (February 1969)
* You Never Know Who Your Friends Are (October 1969)
* Easy Does It (September 1970)
* New York City (You're a Woman) (June 1971)
* A Possible Projection of the Future / Childhood's End (April 1972)
* Naked Songs (1973)
* Act Like Nothing's Wrong (January 1977)
* Championship Wrestling (featuring Jeff "Skunk" Baxter) (1982)
* Rekooperation (June 1994)
* Black Coffee (August 2005)
* White Chocolate (2008)

#### Live albums

* Soul of a Man (February 1995)

#### Soundtracks

* The Landlord: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (with the Staple Singers and Lorraine Ellison)

#### Compilation albums

* Al's Big Deal – Unclaimed Freight (An Al Kooper Anthology) (1975)
* Rare and Well Done: The Greatest and Most Obscure Recordings 1964–2001 (2001)
* 50/50 (50 Tracks/50 Years) (2008)

### Collaborations

* Super Session (with Stephen Stills and Mike Bloomfield) (1968)
* The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper (February 1969)
* Fillmore East: The Lost Concert Tapes 12/13/68 (with Mike Bloomfield, recorded 1968, issued April 2003)
* Kooper Session: Super Session Vol. 2 (with Shuggie Otis) (1969)
* Johnnie B. Live (with Johnnie Johnson) (1997)

### Other appearances

| Year | Artist | Album name | Role(s) |
| 1965 | Bob Dylan | Highway 61 Revisited | Piano, organ |
| 1966 | Bob Dylan | Blonde on Blonde | Organ, guitar |
| 1966 | Tom Rush | Take a Little Walk with Me | Electric guitar, celesta, liner notes |
| 1966 | The Blues Project | Live at The Cafe Au Go Go | Organ, vocals |
| 1966 | The Blues Project | Projections | Keyboards, vocals |
| 1967 | The Blues Project | The Blues Project Live at Town Hall | Keyboards |
| 1967 | The Who | The Who Sell Out | Organ |
| 1968 | Blood, Sweat and Tears | Child is Father to the Man | Organ, piano, vocals, ondioline |
| 1968 | The Jimi Hendrix Experience | Electric Ladyland | Piano |
| 1968 | Don Ellis | Autumn | Producer |
| 1969 | Don Ellis | The New Don Ellis Band Goes Underground | Producer |
| 1969 | The Rolling Stones | Let It Bleed | piano, French horn and organ |
| 1969 | B.B. King | Live & Well | Piano |
| 1970 | Bob Dylan | Self Portrait | Guitar, horn, keyboards |
| 1970 | Bob Dylan | New Morning | Organ, piano, electric guitar, French horn |
| 1971 | The Who | Who's Next | Hammond organ |
| 1971 | Bo Diddley | Another Dimension | Keyboards, guitar |
| 1971 | Rita Coolidge | Nice Feelin' | Organ |
| 1972 | Rita Coolidge | The Lady's Not for Sale | Lead guitar |
| 1973 | Betty Wright | Hard To Stop | Arranger, composer, keyboards, main personnel |
| 1973 | Frankie & Johnny | The Sweetheart Sampler | Producer |
| 1973 | Atlanta Rhythm Section | Back Up Against the Wall | Synthesiser, ARP |
| 1973 | Lynyrd Skynyrd | Pronounced Leh-Nerd Skin-Nerd | Producer, engineer, bass, Mellotron, back-up harmony, mandolin, bass drum, organ |
| 1974 | Lynyrd Skynyrd | Second Helping | Producer, backing vocals, piano |
| 1974 | Roger McGuinn | Peace on You | Guitar, piano, clavinet, arrangements, conductor |
| 1975 | Lynyrd Skynyrd | Nuthin' Fancy | Producer |
| 1975 | The Tubes | The Tubes | Producer |
| 1979 | Leo Sayer | Here | Organ, synthesizer, keyboards, performer |
| 1979 | 4 on the Floor | 4 on the Floor | Producer |
| 1981 | George Harrison | Somewhere in England | Keyboards, synthesisers |
| 1981 | Ringo Starr | Stop and Smell the Roses | Piano, electric guitar |
| 1985 | Bob Dylan | Empire Burlesque | Rhythm guitar |
| 1986 | Bob Dylan | Knocked Out Loaded | Keyboards |
| 1989 | Roy Orbison | Mystery Girl | Organ |
| 1990 | Bob Dylan | Under the Red Sky | Hammond organ, keyboards |
| 1991 | Dave Sharp | Hard Traveling | Guest artist |
| 1991 | Green On Red | Scapegoats | Producer |
| 1996 | Neil Diamond | Tennessee Moon | Hammond organ |
| 1998 | Phoebe Snow | I Can't Complain | Guest artist, Hammond organ |
| 2000 | Dan Penn | Blue Nite Lounge | Keyboards |
| 2000 | Peter Parcek | Evolution | Keyboards |
| 2003 | Chris Catena | Freak Out | Guest artist, Keyboards |
| 2010 | Peter Parcek | The Mathematics of Love | Keyboards |

#### Sources

* Mike Bloomfield, Me and Big Joe, Re/Search Publications, 1999, ISBN 1-889307-05-X, ISBN 978-1-889307-05-3.
* Jan Mark Wolkin and Bill Keenom, Michael Bloomfield -- If You Love These Blues: An Oral History, Backbeat Books, 2000, ISBN 978-0-87930-617-5 (with CD of unissued music).
* Ken Brooks, The Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper with Paul Butterfield and David Clayton Thomas, Agenda, 1999, ISBN 1-899882-90-1, ISBN 978-1-899882-90-8.
* Al Kooper, Backstage Passes: Rock 'n' Roll Life in the Sixties, Stein & Day, 1977, ISBN 0-8128-2171-8, ISBN 978-0-8128-2171-0.
* Al Kooper, Backstage Passes and Backstabbing Bastards: Memoirs of a Rock 'n' Roll Survivor (updated ed.), Billboard Books, 1998, ISBN 0-8230-8257-1, ISBN 978-0823082575.
* Al Kooper, Backstage Passes and Backstabbing Bastards (new ed.), Hal Leonard, 2008, ISBN 0-87930-922-9, ISBN 978-0-87930-922-0.
* Ed Ward, Michael Bloomfield: The Rise and Fall of an American Guitar Hero, Cherry Lane Books,1983, ISBN 0-89524-157-9, ISBN 978-0895241573.