OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sheykh Shaban

Sheykh Shaban (Persian: شيخ شبان) is a village in, and the capital of, Howmeh Rural District in the Central District of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Ethnicity

The village is populated by Persians.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,689 in 666 households, when it was in Vardanjan Rural District of the former Ben District in Shahrekord County. The following census in 2011 counted 2,586 people in 732 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,683 people in 842 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Ben County. The rural district was transferred to the new Central District, and Sheykh Shaban was transferred to Howmeh Rural District created in the district. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# George Hausdorf

George Hausdorf (1894-1959) was a German artist who worked in Germany, the Dominican Republic and the United States. He produced works in oils, watercolors, pastels and charcoal, as well as engravings. Subjects included landscapes, still lifes, portraits, cityscapes and genre scenes.

## Early years and career in Europe

Hausdorf was born in Breslau, Germany, (now Wrocław, Poland) in 1894. He studied art in Berlin and continued his training in the Netherlands. Afterwards, he returned to Berlin to work as an art teacher. Hausdorf later moved to Hamburg, where he founded a painting academy that he directed for 20 years. Of Jewish descent, Hausdorf went into exile in the Dominican Republic in 1939 due to Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

## Career in the Dominican Republic

After arriving in the Dominican Republic, he started a private art school in Santo Domingo. He had his first solo exhibition in the Dominican Republic in 1939, and participated in numerous exhibitions and Biennial art shows over the next few years. He became a professor at the National School of Fine Arts when it opened in 1942. His students included notable Dominican artists Gilberto Hernández Ortega, Clara Ledesma, Eligio Pichardo, Aquiles Azar, and Ada Balcácer. Hausdorf’s paintings evolved in the Dominican Republic to incorporate a tropical palette of vivid blues, greens and yellows, as well as scenes of rural daily life.

## Final years in New York

In 1948, Hausdorf moved to New York City, where his art changed once again to reflect his new surroundings. His palette softened and his range of subjects expanded to include cityscapes and sidewalk scenes. Hausdorf died in New York in 1959.
Hausdorf participated in numerous exhibitions in Europe, the Dominican Republic and the United States. A retrospective of his work was held in the Bellapart Museum in Santo Domingo in 2005.
# Paul Ritter (painter)

Paul Ritter (4 March 1829 – 27 November 1907) was a German architectural painter and etcher.

## Biography

Ritter was born at Nuremberg. He was deaf from the fourth year of his life. A pupil of Heideloff, he engraved for publishers in Berlin, Stuttgart, and Nuremberg. About 1870 he took up painting in oil. In 1888 the title of royal professor was conferred on him. He died in Nuremberg.

## Works

Ritter acquired considerable reputation with his interiors and street views of Nuremberg, richly supplemented with historical figures, such as:
* “Interior of Church of St. Lawrence” (1874)
* “Schöne Brunnen” (1880)
* “Entry of Procession with the Crown Jewels into Nuremberg in 1424” (1883, City Hall, Nuremberg)
* “Entry of Gustavus Adolphus in 1632” (1886)
* “Emperor Matthias Leaving the Kaiserburg in 1612” (1890)
* “Monument of Saint Sebaldus”

## Family

His younger brother, Lorenz Ritter, was also an artist.
# Renaat Bosschaert

Renaat Bosschaert (1938–2006) was a Belgian artist working in painting, graphic arts, sculpture, ceramic arts, engraving and printmaking.

## Biography

Renaat Bosschaert was born in Belgium on 18 November 1938, at Ostend. He studied in Brussels at the Academie Royale des Beaux-Arts.
From 1977 he sold his graphic works, paintings and publications at his house in Bruges, where he had two 19th-century iron presses and a lithographic press.
He is noted for his small-run, large-format art folios, which feature his engravings, woodcuts and typography , pulled by hand in his studio. He published illustrated limited editions of works by historic Belgian authors Guido Gezelle and Felix Timmermans, and produced work with local and contemporary writers such as Anton van Wilderode. His works are in the collections of the Royal Library of Belgium and the university libraries of Brussels and Antwerp. In 2002, when Bruges was designated a 'European cultural capital', he printed and published, Zeven Brugse dichters 2002, in which each poem is accompanied by one of Bosschaert's lino-cuts.
Renaat Bosschaert died on 30 December 2006. His daughter, Greet, is an illustrator of children's books.
# Marcelo Grassmann

Marcelo Grassmann (September 23, 1925 – June 21, 2013) was a Brazilian engraver and draughtsman.

## Biography

Initially interested in sculpture, Grassmann became a wood engraver in the 1940s and in the 1950s became famous as a metal engraver and draughtsman. He won several international first prizes, as in the I Salon of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro (1953), the III Biennale of São Paulo (1955), the XXXI Biennale of Venice (1958)- prize for sacred art, III Biennale for Graphic Arts - Florence (1972).
Influenced by Austrian artist Alfred Kubin and Brazilian engravers Oswaldo Goeldi and Livio Abramo, Grassmann soon developed his own style of dreamlike figures including knights, maidens, death, horses, crabs and other fantastic creatures. Grassmann has also produced many drawings. His works figure, among others, in the collections of the MoMA in New York, the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the Museum of Fine Arts in Dallas and the Pinacoteca do Estado in São Paulo.
# T Coronae Borealis

T Coronae Borealis (T CrB), nicknamed the Blaze Star, is a binary star and a recurrent nova about 3,000 light-years (920 pc) away in the constellation Corona Borealis. It was first discovered in outburst in 1866 by John Birmingham, though it had been observed earlier as a 10th magnitude star. It may have been observed in 1217 and in 1787 as well. In February 1946 a 15-year-old schoolboy from Wales named Michael Woodman observed a flare up, subsequently writing to the Astronomer Royal and leading to the theory that the star flares every 80 years.

## Description

T CrB normally has a magnitude of about 10, which is near the limit of typical binoculars. Well documented outbursts have been seen twice, reaching magnitude 2.0 on May 12, 1866 and magnitude 3.0 on February 9, 1946, though a more recent paper shows the 1866 outburst with a possible peak range of magnitude 2.5 ± 0.5. Even when at peak magnitude of 2.5, this recurrent nova is dimmer than about 120 brightest stars in the night sky. It is sometimes nicknamed the Blaze Star.
T CrB is a binary system containing a large cool component and a smaller hot component. The cool component is a red giant that transfers material to the hot component. The hot component is a white dwarf surrounded by an accretion disc, all hidden inside a dense cloud of material from the red giant. When the system is quiescent, the red giant dominates the visible light output and the system appears as an M3 giant. The hot component contributes some emission and dominates the ultraviolet output. During outbursts, the transfer of material to the hot component increases greatly, the hot component expands, and the luminosity of the system increases.
The two components of the system orbit each other about every 228 days. The orbit is almost circular and is inclined at an angle of 67°. The radius of primary component orbit around the center of mass is 0.54 AU.

## 2016–present activity

On 20 April 2016, the Sky & Telescope website reported a sustained brightening since February 2015 from magnitude 10.5 to about 9.2. A similar event was reported in 1938, followed by another outburst in 1946. By June 2018, the star had dimmed slightly but still remained at an unusually high level of activity. By mid-2023, it faded by 0.35 magnitude or about 28 percent; the lowest brightness seen since 2016. A similar dimming occurred in the year before the 1946 outburst, indicating an eruption before September 2024. As of March 2025, such a nova has not yet been observed, although it is believed to be imminent.
Predictions of the next nova:
* 2026-2027 (made in 1946 either by N. F. H. Knight or W. M. Lindley)
* Mid February 2024 to end September 2026 (made in March 2023)
* Beginning January 2024 to mid August 2024 (made in June 2023)
* January 2024 (made in August 2023)
* End of October 2024 (made in June 2024)
* Around 27 March 2025, 10 November 2025, 25 June 2026 or 8 February 2027 (made in October 2024)
# Saga Fredriksson

Saga Fredriksson (born 3 October 1994) is a Swedish former footballer and pundit for Viaplay. She played as a defender for Malmö FF. As well as playing in her homeland she also played for sides in the United States and Italy.

## Club career

She played for LdB FC Malmö from 2010 to 2013, winning two Damallsvenskan titles in 2010 and 2013 and a Super Cup in 2012. In August 2018 she joined Italian Serie A club US Sassuolo Calcio playing three matches, helping them to a fifth placed finish in the league. She ended her career with her hometown club, Malmö FF, helping them to three consecutive promotions before announcing her retirement in September 2023.

## International career

She was part of the Sweden U-19 that won the 2012 UEFA Women's U-19 Championship.

## Honours
### Club

LdB FC Malmö

#### Winner

* Damallsvenskan(3): 2010, 2011, 2013
* Svenska Supercupen(2): 2011, 2012

#### Runner-up

* Damallsvenskan: 2012
UCF Knights

#### Winner

* American Regular Season(2): 2014, 2017
Malmö FF

#### Winner

* Division 4 Sydvästra Skåne: 2020
* Division 3 Sydvästra Skåne: 2021
* Division 2 Södra Götaland: 2022

### International
#### Winner

* UEFA Women's U-19 Championship: 2012

### Individual

* AAC All-Rookie Team: 2014
* AAC Co-Defensive Player of the Year: 2016
* All-Conference Second Team: 2016
# Jesús Padilla Gálvez

Jesús Padilla Gálvez (Spanish:; born October 28, 1959) is a philosopher who worked primarily in philosophy of language, logic, and the history of sciences.

## Professional biography

Jesús Padilla Gálvez studied Philosophy, History and Mathematics at the University of Cologne (Germany) and was awarded the M.A. in 1983 and a Dr. phil. in Philosophy in 1988. He was Research Assistant (1988–1991) at the University of Murcia (Spain) and later held the post of Associate Professor (1992–1994) for Logic and Philosophy of Language at the University of León (Spain). From 1994 to 1999 he was Visiting Professor at the Johannes Kepler University in Linz (Austria). Since 1999 he has been Professor at the University of Castilla-La Mancha in Toledo (Spain). He has held visiting posts at the Universities of University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Germany), University of Graz (Austria), University of Potsdam (Germany), University of Cambridge (United Kingdom), University of Munich (Germany), University of Vienna and the University of Oxford (United Kingdom). As director of the international scientific journal Dókos. Revista Filosófica - Philosophical Review (published in Ápeiron Ediciones (Madrid) and editor of the international series "Aporia / Aπορία" (De Gruyter) the author is continuously engaged with highly relevant philosophical topics.

## Philosophical views

In his doctoral thesis, Padilla Gálvez examined central issues of analytic philosophy. His subsequent investigations are characterized by an application of the analytic method to the study of philosophical problems. This method involves both, the analysis of language to eliminate ambiguity as well as a profound scrutiny of the logical form of philosophical propositions. Padilla Galvez's work may be classified into five lines of investigation: philosophy of language, logic, philosophy of history of science, social changes in democratic systems and language for specific purposes (LSP). He was dealing with the works of Gottfried Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Edmund Husserl, Alfred Tarski, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Willard Van Orman Quine, Saul Kripke, among others. Padilla Gálvez is recognized as one of the leading experts of Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy in the English and Spanish-speaking world.
He has published extensively in the field by focusing on logic-grammatical analysis of language. This includes such topics as history of logic and mathematics (Kurt Gödel), action, decision-making, forms of life, anthropology, language, aesthetics, politics (democracy and terrorism) and practical philosophy.

## Awards and recognition

* Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (2020)
# Omer Nachmani

Omer Nachmani (Hebrew: עומר נחמני; born 29 October 1993) is a former Israeli footballer.

## Club career
### Beitar Jerusalem

Nachmani played from the age of 12 with Beitar Jerusalem Youth, playing his first match for the club with Beitar Jerusalem Gadi (the U-15 squad) on 30 September 2006. The following week he scored his first goal for the club giving Beitar Jerusalem the only goal in the Jerusalem derby against Hapoel Jerusalem Youth.
Nachmani debuted for the senior team on 25 August 2012 in a 3–2 loss to Ironi Kiryat Shmona, playing the first 75 minutes.

### Maccabi Herzliya

For the 2013–14 season Nachmani was loaned out to Maccabi Herzliya of the Liga Leumit. He debuted for them in a 0–0 draw against Hapoel Petah Tikva on 20 September 2013, being substituted on in the 67th minute. During the whole season Nachmani played 13 matches, scoring 1 goal.
# Movieguide Award for Best Movie for Mature Audiences

Every year Movieguide gives an award to the Best Movie for Mature Audiences.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
| Movie Year | Ceremony Year | Winning Film |
| 1992 | 1993 | Sister Act |
| 1993 | 1994 | The Remains of the Day |
| 1994 | 1995 | Forrest Gump |
| 1995 | 1996 | Braveheart |
| 1996 | 1997 | Once Upon a Time...When We Were Colored |
| 1997 | 1998 | Amistad |
| 1998 | 1999 | Simon Birch |
| 1999 | 2000 | The Straight Story |
| 2000 | 2001 | The Patriot |
| 2001 | 2002 | The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring |
| 2002 | 2003 | We Were Soldiers |
| 2003 | 2004 | The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King |
| 2004 | 2005 | Spider-Man 2 |
| 2005 | 2006 | Pride and Prejudice |
| 2006 | 2007 | The Queen |
| 2007 | 2008 | Amazing Grace |
| 2008 | 2009 | Iron Man |
| 2009 | 2010 | The Blind Side |
| 2010 | 2011 | Secretariat |
| 2011 | 2012 | Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides |
| 2012 | 2013 | The Avengers (tie) The Dark Knight Rises (tie) |
| 2013 | 2014 | Iron Man 3 |
| 2014 | 2015 | Unbroken |
| 2015 | 2016 | The 33 Ant-Man Avengers: Age of Ultron Captive The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 Joy Jurassic World The Martian McFarland, USA Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation |
| 2016 | 2017 | God's Not Dead 2 Ben-Hur Captain America: Civil War Eddie the Eagle The Finest Hours Hacksaw Ridge Hail, Caesar! Risen Silence Sully |
| 2017 | 2018 | Darkest Hour All Saints Bitter Harvest Dunkirk Justice League Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales The Promise Thor: Ragnarok Wonder Wonder Woman |
| 2018 | 2019 | Chappaquiddick Ant-Man and the Wasp Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Little Pink House Mission: Impossible – Fallout A Quiet Place Skyscraper Solo: A Star Wars Story Unbroken: Path to Redemption Won't You Be My Neighbor? |
| 2019 | 2020 | A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood 1917 Ad Astra Avengers: Endgame Ford V Ferrari Harriet A Hidden Life Little Women Spider-Man: Far from Home Unplanned |
| 2020 | 2021 | Greyhound Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in his Own Words Honest Thief I Still Believe Infidel Mr. Jones News of the World The Old Guard Waiting for Anya Wonder Woman 1984 |
| 2021 | 2022 | Dune Belfast Black Widow Cyrano Infidel King Richard A Quiet Place Part II |
| 2022 | 2023 | Resistance: 1942 Father Stu: Reborn Jurassic World: Dominion Mrs. Harris Goes to Paris Top Gun: Maverick Uncharted |
| 2023 | 2024 | Jesus Revolution Godzilla Minus One The Boys in the Boat Sound of Freedom Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 |
| 2024 | 2025 | Young Woman and the Sea Dune: Part Two Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes Twisters Unsung Hero |
# Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics

Ludwig Wittgenstein considered his chief contribution to be in the philosophy of mathematics, a topic to which he devoted much of his work between 1929 and 1944. As with his philosophy of language, Wittgenstein's views on mathematics evolved from the period of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus: with him changing from logicism (which was endorsed by his mentor Bertrand Russell) towards a general anti-foundationalism and constructivism that was not readily accepted by the mathematical community. The success of Wittgenstein's general philosophy has tended to displace the real debates on more technical issues.
His Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics contains his compiled views, notably a controversial repudiation of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.

## Tractatus

Wittgenstein's initial conception of mathematics was logicist and even formalist. The Tractatus described the propositions of logic as a series of tautologies derived from syntactic manipulation, and without the pictorial force of elementary propositions depicting states of affairs obtaining in the world.
Wittgenstein asserted that “[t]he logic of the world, which is shown in tautologies by the propositions of logic, is shown in equations by mathematics” (6.22) and further that “Mathematics is a method of logic” (6.234).

## Philosophy of mathematics, post-1929

During the 1920s Wittgenstein turned away from philosophical matters but his interest in mathematics was rekindled when he attended in Vienna a lecture by the intuitionist L. E. J. Brouwer. After 1929, his primary mathematical preoccupation entailed resolving the account of logical necessity he had articulated in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus—an issue which had been fiercely pressed by Frank P. Ramsey. Wittgenstein's initial response, Some Remarks on Logical Form, was the only academic paper he published during his lifetime, and marked the beginnings of a departure from the ideal language philosophy and correspondence theory of truth of the Tractatus.

## The Lectures on the Foundations of mathematics

During the two terms of 1938/9 Wittgenstein lectured without any notes before students for two hours twice a week. From four sets of notes made during the lectures a text has been created, presenting Wittgenstein's views at that time.

## The Remarks on the Foundations of mathematics (1937–44)

An editorial team prepared the edition of Wittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of mathematics from the manuscript notes he made during the years 1937–44. The material has been arranged in chronological order, allowing to observe some changes of emphasis or interest in Wittgenstein's views over the years.
# Ken Esquibel

Ken A. Esquibel (born June 30, 1959) is a former Democratic member of the Wyoming House of Representatives, representing the 41st district from 2007 to 2017.
Esquibel is the brother of Floyd Esquibel, also a former state legislator in Wyoming. He is Hispanic.
# First and Last (TV series)

First and Last is a 2018 American documentarian non-scripted reality television series on Netflix. It is recorded at Gwinnett County Jail, a pre-trial holding facility in Georgia, U.S., with each episode following inmates on their first or last days in jail. The criminal justice system in America is also explored throughout the season.
The full season of First and Last consisting of six episodes was released on September 7, 2018.

## Cast

* Shantee G.
* Alex R.
* Velma S.

## Release

It was released on September 7, 2018, on Netflix streaming.
# Forrest City High School

Forrest City High School is a comprehensive public high school in Forrest City, Arkansas, United States. It is the sole high school administered by the Forrest City School District and its main feeder school is Forrest City Junior High School.
In addition to Forrest City it serves other areas in central St. Francis County, including Caldwell, Colt, Madison, and Widener.

## History

Serving students in grades nine through twelve since 1892, an earlier building on Rosser Street built in 1915, known as Old Central, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992.
During racial segregation, Black students attended "Colored High School" where Wallace Leon Purifoy served as principal for 23 years. He later founded the fraternal group the Imperial Council of Jugamos, headquartered in Forrest City.

## Academics

Forrest City High School is accredited as a 1924 charter member of AdvancED (formerly North Central Association). The assumed course of study follows the Smart Core curriculum established by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE).
Students engage in regular and Advanced Placement (AP) coursework and exams. FCHS is a member of the Arkansas Advanced Initiative for Math and Science (AAIMS) designed to improve scores on AP exams.

## Extracurricular activities

The Forrest City High School mascot is the Mustang horse with the school colors as Royal blue and white. The Forrest City Mustangs compete in the 4A Region 2 administered by the Arkansas Activities Association (AAA).
The Mustangs have won several state championships including:
* Golf: The boys golf team are 2-time state golf champions (1969, 1973).
* Basketball: The Mustangs boys basketball team won its first state championship in 2014 and another in 2016.
* Track and field: The boys track teams are 6-time state track and field champions; winning three consecutive state titles in 1975, 1976 and 1977, followed by two consecutive track banners in 2006 and 2007 again in 2016.

## Notable alumni

* Don Kessinger (1960) - 6x Major League Baseball All-Star player; manager of Chicago White Sox in 1979; high school All-American and NFHS National High School Hall of Fame inductee
* Stan Winfrey (1971) - former professional football player
* Jimmy Rogers (1973) - former professional football player
* Jason Jones (2003) - former professional football player
* Barrett Astin (2009) - former professional baseball player
* Cara McCollum (2010) - Miss New Jersey 2013; Miss America Contestant in 2014; news anchor
* Leo Fong (c.1946) - Actor and martial artist