# Visa requirements for Emirati citizens

Visa requirements for Emirati citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Arab Emirates.
As of 2025, Emirati citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 185 countries and territories, ranking the Emirati passport 8th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.
The Emirati passport is one of five passports with the greatest ranking improvement in the 2006–2016 time period.
Emirati citizens do not need a visa to enter other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and also have the right to work and reside in those countries. Similarly, citizens of other GCC states do not need a visa to enter the UAE. GCC citizens can use a GCC national identity card (rather than a passport) to enter the United Arab Emirates.

## History

Visa requirements for Emirati citizens were lifted by New Zealand (in July 1999), Brunei (11 October 2003), Kyrgyzstan (July 2012), Kazakhstan (July 2014), the Schengen Area countries (7 May 2015), Belarus (30 April 2016), Moldova (24 March 2017), São Tomé and Príncipe (25 April 2017), Argentina (16 May 2017), Chad and Saint Lucia in October 2017, Nauru (19 November 2017), Solomon Islands (19 November 2017), Chile (16 December 2017), Rwanda (30 December 2017), Ukraine (31 December 2017), China (16 January 2018), Burkina Faso (30 January 2018), Ireland (31 January 2018), Uruguay (5 April 2018), Tonga (24 May 2018), Honduras (25 May 2018), Brazil (2 June 2018), Canada (5 June 2018), Barbados (1 July 2018), Mexico (31 October 2018), Russia (17 February 2019), Uzbekistan (20 March 2019) South Africa (15 August 2019), Paraguay (16 August 2019), Central African Republic (8 October 2019), Kiribati (23 October 2019), Israel (22 October 2020), Peru (8 November 2020), Tajikistan (January 2022), Japan (28 September 2022), Angola (September 2023), Turkey (1 January 2024) and United Kingdom (22 February 2024).
The first possibility of electronic visas for Emirati citizens began with the United Kingdom's electronic visa waiver (EVW) program that commenced on 1 January 2014, followed by India in November 2014, Lesotho on 1 May 2017, Benin on 1 January 2018, Uzbekistan on 15 July 2018, and Tanzania on 26 November 2018.
Visas on arrival for UAE citizens were introduced by Gabon in October 2017, Guyana on 28 May 2018, Pakistan on 14 March 2019, Mongolia on 15 May 2019 and Equatorial Guinea on 28 July 2019.

## Visa requirements

| Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
| Afghanistan | Travel restricted by UAE government | | The Emirati government restricts Emirati citizens from travelling to Afghanistan except for diplomats, emergency treatment cases and pre-authorized official, scientific and economic delegations. Emiratis are required to obtain a visa before travelling to Afghanistan. |
| Albania | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Algeria | Visa required | | |
| Andorra | Visa not required | | |
| Angola | Visa not required | 30 days | 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only. Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation. An International Certificate of Vaccination is required. |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Argentina | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Armenia | Visa not required | 180 days | |
| Australia | Online Visa required | | May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa). |
| Austria | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Azerbaijan | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Bahamas | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Bahrain | Freedom of movement | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. |
| Bangladesh | Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Barbados | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Belarus | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Belgium | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Belize | Visa required | | Permanent residents and holders of multiple entry visa of the United States may obtain a visa on arrival. Bearers of valid visas issued by a Schengen Member State are visa exempt for a maximum stay of 90 days. |
| Benin | eVisa | 30 days | Must have an international vaccination certificate. |
| Bhutan | eVisa | | Holders of an application for a tourist visa can obtain a visa on arrival. |
| Bolivia | Online Visa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 6-month period. |
| Botswana | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Brazil | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Brunei | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Bulgaria | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Burkina Faso | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Burundi | Online Visa / Visa on arrival | 1 month | Pre-arranged visa can be collected on arrival. |
| Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Cameroon | eVisa | | |
| Canada | Electronic Travel Authorization | 6 months | eTA required if arriving by air, but are not required when arriving by car, bus, train or boat (including a cruise ship). |
| Cape Verde | Visa on arrival | 3 months | |
| Central African Republic | Visa not required | | |
| Chad | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Chile | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| China | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Colombia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period. |
| Comoros | Visa on arrival | 45 days | |
| Republic of the Congo | Visa on arrival | | Visa not required for passengers with a VIP invitation letter. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | eVisa | 7 days | Passenger with a letter (Visa Volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior and Security can obtain a visa on arrival. |
| Costa Rica | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa | 3 months | e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport. |
| Croatia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Cuba | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Cyprus | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Czech Republic | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area |
| Denmark | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Djibouti | eVisa | 90 days | |
| Dominica | Visa not required | 21 days | |
| Dominican Republic | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Ecuador | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Egypt | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| El Salvador | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Equatorial Guinea | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Eritrea | Visa required | | Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival. |
| Estonia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Eswatini | Visa required | | |
| Ethiopia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 90 days | Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa is available for 30 or 90 days. |
| Fiji | Visa not required | 4 months | |
| Finland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| France | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Gabon | eVisa | 90 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport. |
| Gambia | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Georgia | Visa not required | 360 days | |
| Germany | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Ghana | Visa required | | Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival. |
| Greece | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Grenada | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Guatemala | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Guinea | eVisa | 90 days | |
| Guinea-Bissau | Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Guyana | Online Visa | | |
| Haiti | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Honduras | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Hungary | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Iceland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| India | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days / 60 days | e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports or 5 designated seaports. An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year. Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa. Visa on arrival is applicable to UAE citizens if they had earlier obtained e-Visa or regular/paper visa for India. This facility is not available to citizens if they or either of their parents or grandparents (paternal or maternal) was born in or is a permanent resident of Pakistan. Visa on arrival is only available at the following airports: Bengaluru Chennai Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata Mumbai |
| Indonesia | e-VOA / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Iran | Visa not required | 15 days | |
| Iraq | eVisa / Visa on arrival | | Visa on arrival when arriving at Basra International Airport, Al Najaf International Airport, Erbil International Airport or Sulaimaniyah International Airport. |
| Ireland | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Israel | Electronic Travel Authorization | 90 days | Validity of ETA-IL is 2 years from the date of approval. |
| Italy | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Jamaica | Visa required | | |
| Japan | Visa not required | 30 days | Visa not required for visits up to 30 days using the Emirati biometric passports according of Here |
| Jordan | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Kazakhstan | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Kenya | Electronic Travel Authorisation | 90 days | Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. eTA fee is USD 32.50. Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda. |
| Kiribati | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| North Korea | Visa required | | |
| South Korea | Electronic Travel Authorization | 90 days | The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval. |
| Kuwait | Freedom of movement | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. |
| Kyrgyzstan | Visa not required | 60 days | |
| Laos | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | 17 of the 31 border crossings are only open to visa holders. e-Visa may be used to enter Laos through Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, 3 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges and in Boten (road and railroad). Visa on arrival is available at Luang Prabang, Pakse and Vientiane international airports, the 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges and 6 border crossings. Visa on arrival is extendable for an additional 60 days at the Department of Immigration in Vientiane. |
| Latvia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Lebanon | Travel restricted by UAE government | | Emiratis do not need a visa to enter Lebanon. (6 months - extendable to one-year). The UAE government restricts Emirati citizens from travelling to Lebanon since 24 February 2016; this was reaffirmed in a statement in August 2023. |
| Lesotho | eVisa | | |
| Liberia | Visa required | | Submit your visa application by email prior to arrival and pay the fee to Liberia Immigration along with a copy of your passport, Liberia Immigration Service LIS will issue a confirmation by mail. |
| Libya | eVisa | | |
| Liechtenstein | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Lithuania | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Luxembourg | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Madagascar | Visa on arrival | 60 days | |
| Malawi | eVisa | 30 days | |
| Malaysia | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Maldives | Free visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Mali | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Malta | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Marshall Islands | Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Mauritania | eVisa | 30 days | Available at any international airport or land border crossing. |
| Mauritius | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Mexico | Visa not required | 180 days | |
| Micronesia | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Moldova | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Monaco | Visa not required | | |
| Mongolia | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Montenegro | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Morocco | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Mozambique | Visa not required | 30 days | Travelers must register on the e-Visa platform at least 48 hours prior to travel and pay a processing fee of 650 MT. |
| Myanmar | Visa required | | Visa on arrival if passengers with a letter of approval issued by the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism. |
| Namibia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 3 months | Visa on arrival is available at the following locations: Hosea Kutako International Airport Impalila Island Katima Mulilo Ngoma Trans Kalahari (Buitepos) Walvis Bay Airport |
| Nauru | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Nepal | Online Visa / Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Netherlands | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| New Zealand | Electronic Travel Authority | 3 months | International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority. Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure. Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy. |
| Nicaragua | Visa not required | 90 days | Tourist card must be obtained on arrival, subject to a fee. |
| Niger | Visa required | | |
| Nigeria | eVisa | 90 days | Holders of written e-Visa approval issued by the Immigration Authority can obtain a visa on arrival, provided they hold a visa application form and e-Visa application payment receipt and have an invitation letter from a Nigerian company accepting immigration responsibilities. |
| North Macedonia | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Norway | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Oman | Freedom of movement | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. |
| Pakistan | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Palau | Free visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Panama | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Papua New Guinea | eVisa | 60 days | You can apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category. |
| Paraguay | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Peru | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Philippines | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Poland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Portugal | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Qatar | Freedom of movement | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. |
| Romania | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Russia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Rwanda | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda. |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Saint Lucia | Visa not required | 60 days | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Samoa | Entry permit on arrival | 90 days | |
| San Marino | Visa not required | | |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Visa not required | 15 days | |
| Saudi Arabia | Freedom of movement | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. | Freedom of movement. ID card valid. |
| Senegal | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Serbia | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Seychelles | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Sierra Leone | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 3 months / 30 days | |
| Singapore | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Slovakia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Slovenia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Solomon Islands | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Somalia | eVisa | 30 days | |
| South Africa | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| South Sudan | eVisa | | Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel. |
| Spain | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Sri Lanka | ETA / Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Sudan | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Suriname | Visa not required | 90 days | An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival. Multiple entry e-Visa is also available. |
| Sweden | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Switzerland | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area. |
| Syria | Visa not required | | |
| Taiwan | eVisa | 30 days | Emiratis can apply for a single-entry e-Visa. e-Visa is valid for 3 months from the date of issue, permitting a 30-day non-extendable stay. |
| Tajikistan | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Tanzania | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 90 days | |
| Thailand | Visa not required | 60 days | Maximum 2 visits annually if not arriving by air. |
| Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival | 30 days | |
| Togo | eVisa | 15 days | |
| Tonga | Visa not required | 60 days | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Visa required | | |
| Tunisia | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Turkey | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Turkmenistan | Visa required | | Passengers with a letter of invitation issued by a company registered in Turkmenistan and approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs can obtain a visa on arrival. |
| Tuvalu | Visa on arrival | 1 month | |
| Uganda | eVisa | 3 months | Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda. |
| Ukraine | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| United Kingdom | Electronic Travel Authorisation | 6 months | Authorisation lasts up to 2 years, with multiple entries permitted. |
| United States | Visa required | | |
| Uruguay | Visa not required | 3 months | |
| Uzbekistan | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Vanuatu | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Vatican City | Visa not required | | |
| Venezuela | Visa required | | |
| Vietnam | eVisa | | e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry. |
| Yemen | Visa on arrival | 3 months | |
| Zambia | Visa not required | 30 days | Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe. |
| Zimbabwe | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia. |

## Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

| Territory | Conditions of access | Allowed Stay | Notes |
| China ||||
| Hong Kong | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Macau | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Denmark ||||
| Faroe Islands | Visa not required | | |
| Greenland | Visa not required | | |
| France ||||
| Clipperton Island | Special permit required | | |
| French Guiana | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| French Polynesia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Guadeloupe | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Martinique | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Saint Barthélemy | Visa required | | |
| Saint Martin | Visa required | | |
| Mayotte | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| New Caledonia | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Réunion | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Wallis and Futuna | Visa not required | 90 days | 90 days within any 180-day period. |
| Netherlands ||||
| Aruba | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Bonaire | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Sint Eustatius | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Saba | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Curaçao | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Sint Maarten | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| New Zealand ||||
| Cook Islands | Visa not required | 31 days | |
| Niue | Visa not required | 30 days | |
| Tokelau | Visa required | | |
| Norway ||||
| Jan Mayen | Permit required | | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours. |
| Svalbard | Visa not required | | Unlimited period under Svalbard Treaty. |
| United Kingdom ||||
| Akrotiri and Dhekelia | Visa required | | |
| Anguilla | Visa required | | Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa. |
| Bermuda | Visa required | | Visa free for a maximum stay of 3 months if arriving from or transiting through the United Kingdom. |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required | | Special permit required. |
| British Virgin Islands | Visa required | | |
| Cayman Islands | Visa required | | |
| Falkland Islands | Visa required | | |
| Gibraltar | eVisa | | |
| Montserrat | eVisa | | |
| Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days | Landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore. |
| Saint Helena | eVisa | | |
| Ascension Island | eVisa | 3 months | 3 months within any year-period. |
| Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | | Permission to land required for £15/30 (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or £20 for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands. |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for £110/160). |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| United States ||||
| American Samoa | Visa required | | |
| Guam | Visa required | | |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Visa required | | |
| Puerto Rico | Visa required | | |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa required | | |
| Unrecognized or partially recognized countries ||||
| Abkhazia | Visa required | | |
| Kosovo | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Northern Cyprus | Visa not required | 90 days | |
| Palestine | Visa not required | | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed. |
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | | | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. |
| Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days | US$30 payable on arrival. |
| South Ossetia | Visa required | | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia. |
| Transnistria | Visa not required | 24 hours | Registration required after 24h. |
| Antarctica and adjacent islands ||||
| Antarctica | Special permits required | | Special permits required for Bouvet Island, British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency. |

## Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

### Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages. Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

### Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

### Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).
Some countries, such as Japan, Ireland and the United Kingdom, require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives and South Africa.

#### Maximum passport age

Countries of the Schengen area require non-EU passports to be less than 10 years old upon entry. A number of holders of British passports, which until September 2018 could be issued with a validity period of up to 10 years and nine months if the previous passport was not expired, were unable to travel to the EU subsequent to Brexit due to this restriction.

### Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States, routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

### Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

### Israeli stamps

Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, and Yemen do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

### Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan, Argentina, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Japan, Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken), Malaysia upon entry and departure, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation), intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.