OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malik Obama

Abon'go Malik "Roy" Obama (born March 17 1958) is a Kenyan-American businessman and former political candidate known for being the paternal half-brother of 44th president of the United States, Barack Obama, and the eldest son of economist Barack Obama Sr.

## Biography

Abon'go Malik "Roy" Obama was born and raised in Nairobi, Kenya. His parents are economist Barack Obama Sr. and his first wife, Kezia Obama (née Aoko). Obama earned a degree in accounting from the University of Nairobi. He met his younger half-brother, Barack Obama, for the first time in 1985, when Barack flew from Chicago to Washington, D.C., to visit Malik. According to him, the two each served as best man at the other's wedding. Barack brought his wife, Michelle Obama, to Kenya three years later, seeing Malik again while meeting many other relatives for the first time. Malik Obama is Muslim.
Malik Obama lives in the Obamas' ancestral home, Nyang'oma Kogelo, a village of several hundred people, preferring its slow pace to that of the city. Until 2004, he ran a small electronics shop a half-hour's drive away in another town. Since 2008, Obama has run the Barack H. Obama Foundation, founded in memory of his father, Barack Obama Sr.
Obama is a dual citizen of both Kenya and the United States. He is a frequent visitor to the United States, and works as a consultant in Washington, D.C., for several months each year. He was registered to vote in Maryland as of 2016.

## Political candidacy and advocacy

During his half brother's 2008 presidential campaign, Malik Obama was a spokesman for the extended Obama family in Kenya. He dealt with safety and privacy concerns arising from the increased attention from the press.
In early 2013, Obama ran for governor of the Kenyan county of Siaya. His campaign slogan was "Obama here, Obama there" in reference to his half-brother who was serving his second term as the President of the United States. Obama garnered 2,792 votes, about 140,000 votes behind the eventual winner.
Prior to the 2016 United States presidential election, Obama stated that he supported Donald Trump, the candidate for the Republican Party. He attended the third presidential debate as one of Trump's guests.
On June 12, 2020, Malik Obama reportedly endorsed United States president Donald Trump, and later in the week posted a fake and historically inaccurate birth certificate of Barack Obama in support of the Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories. The birth certificate alleges the US President was born in the Republic of Kenya in 1961, despite the Republic of Kenya not being founded until December 12, 1964. The faux Kenyan certificate also contained a seal which read South Australia, further affirming its lack of authenticity. His sister Auma (among others) condemned him for promoting the theory. Since then, he has consistently taken to news sites to express his adverse opinions about his brother, alleging that he made a pact with the Devil.
# Himeroconcha quadrasi

Himeroconcha quadrasi is a species of gastropod in the Charopidae family. It is endemic to Guam.
# Neuville Saint Denis

Neuville Saint Denis (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. It was formed on 1 January 2025, with the merger of Barmainville, Neuvy-en-Beauce and Rouvray-Saint-Denis.
# Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' Greco-Roman 50 kg

The boys' 50 kg Greco-Roman tournament in wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 15 at the International Convention Centre.
The event limited competitors to a maximum of 50 kilograms of body mass. The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format. The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage.
On 15 October 2010, the International Olympic Committee announced that Nurbek Hakkulov, who won a silver medal for Uzbekistan had tested positive for a banned diuretic, furosemide. Hakkulov was disqualified and stripped of his silver medal, although no decision was taken on whether to promote Shadybek Sulaimanov and Johan Rodriguez Banguela in the event.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Elman Mukhtarov Azerbaijan | Vacant | Shadybek Sulaimanov Kyrgyzstan |

## Group stages
### Group A

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| Elman Mukhtarov (AZE) | 2 | 6 | 13 |
| Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| Andrei Pikuza (BLR) | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Andrei Pikuza (BLR) | 0-2 (0-3, 0-3) | Elman Mukhtarov (AZE) |
| Andrei Pikuza (BLR) | 0-2 (0-1, 0-3) | Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) |
| Elman Mukhtarov (AZE) | 2-0 (2–0, 5–1) | Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) |

### Group B

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) | 3 | 10 | 29 |
| Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ) | 3 | 7 | 20 |
| Amine Boughazi (ALG) | 3 | 4 | 15 |
| Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ) | 0-2 (0-1, 0-3) | Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) |
| Amine Boughazi (ALG) | 2-0 (5–1, 4–3) | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ) | 2-0 (6–0, 1–0) | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |
| Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) | T. Fall (6–0, 6–0) | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ) | T. Fall (7–0, 6–0) | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) | 2-0 (9–4, 4–2) | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |

## Classification
### 5th-place match

| Andrei Pikuza (BLR) | Fall (9–0) | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |

### Bronze-medal match

| Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) | 1-2 (1–0, 0-1, 0-3) | Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ) |

### Gold-medal match

| Elman Mukhtarov (AZE) | 2-0 (3–0, 4–0) | Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) |

## Final rankings

| Rank | Athlete |
| | Elman Mukhtarov (AZE) |
| | Vacant |
| | ShadyKeb Sulaimanov (KGZ) |
| 4 | Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) |
| 5 | Andrei Pikuza (BLR) |
| 6 | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |
| 7 | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| DQ | Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) |
* Nurbek Hakkulov of Uzbekistan originally finished second, but in October 2010, it was announced that he tested positive for diuretic Furosemide.
# Kingsbury, Quebec

Kingsbury is a village municipality located in the Le Val-Saint-François Regional County Municipality of Quebec's Estrie region. It is completely surrounded by the township municipality of Melbourne.
The village is known for the lake and forest trails that encircle it, and the views from the mountain tops. Kingsbury is also the hometown to 1993 world champion pair skater Isabelle Brasseur.

## History

In its early history, a train track cut through the village, but now the villagers' houses stand in its place.
Kingsbury is most famous for its slate quarry which was an important industry during the 19th century. Men were hired from Wales and Cornwall to come to work the quarry where first-class slate was mined. This slate was sent all over the world. The quarry can still be seen although the trains and tracks are long gone. Kingsbury was the first town to receive electricity. In the evenings the villagers would sit on their balconies and sing the old songs from their homeland.
The nearby town of Richmond has an Interpretation Center for Slate which is housed in what was previously the French Presbyterian Church (Melbourne sector of Richmond).

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Kingsbury had a population of 142 living in 70 of its 75 total private dwellings, a change of 2.9% from its 2016 population of 138. With a land area of 6.11 km$^2$ (2.36 sq mi), it had a population density of 23.2/km$^2$ (60.2/sq mi) in 2021.
Mother tongue (2021)
| Language | Population | Pct (%) |
| French only | 125 | 89.3% |
| English only | 10 | 7.1% |
| English and French | 0 | 0% |
# Wrestling headgear

Wrestling headgear is protection that a person wears over the ears and chin during wrestling matches.

## Description

The main purpose of headgear is to protect the ears of the wrestler, not really the head as the name implies. Thus, wrestling headgear equipment are also simply called ear guards or ear protectors. The headgear often covers the ears of the wearer, has two straps that go behind the head, two that go over the front and top part of the head, and one strap that goes under the chin (in some cases the strap will go on the chin). Headgear is often made of durable plastic, velcro, and button snaps.

## Reason

Wrestling headgear is made to protect the wearer from long term injury. The constant bashing and beating on a wrestler's ears that comes from not wearing headgear can cause blood vessels in the ears to burst. These types of injuries do not cause any external bleeding; however incredibly painful sacs of blood will start to develop in the ears often resulting in permanent disfiguration of the ears. This condition is known as cauliflower ear. Treatment of cauliflower ear requires the wrestler see a doctor who will then drain the blood out of the ear via a needle. A wrestler may need to see a plastic surgeon to repair and/or treat a Cauliflower ear.

## Mandatory or optional use

Headgear is required to be worn in high school and college wrestling in the United States. In Canada, and in international competition (freestyle and Greco-Roman), headgear is allowed but not required.
In some cases, if a wrestler has face problems, like a history of broken noses or wrestles with stitches on the face, he or she may also have the option of wearing a face mask attached to the headgear. In the USA, a wrestler must have a note from a doctor saying the face mask is required. Since an opposing coach is able to ask for this documentation before each match, it is important for athletes to carry it with them regularly.
In the past in the Senior Level, Olympics, and World Championships, a wrestler could protest and their opponent would have to remove their headgear. This is no longer the case and a wrestler is allowed to wear a headgear even if their opponent protests.
# WSIP-FM

WSIP-FM (98.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a New Country format. Licensed to Paintsville, Kentucky, United States. The station is currently owned by Forcht Broadcasting and features programming from CBS News Radio. Though WSIP-AM has aired since 1949, the FM station first aired on January 20, 1965.
# Pezë e Madhe

Pezë e Madhe is a village in the former municipality of Pezë in Tirana County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Tirana.
# Sandy Herd (footballer)

Andrew Clark Herd (4 October 1903 – 1 December 1984) was a Scottish professional footballer.
A miner by trade, Herd started his senior career with Dundee, whom he joined from junior side Hearts of Beath, in 1923. He joined Dunfermline Athletic a year later, helping them to win the Division Two title in 1925–26. He was signed by Hearts in 1927 in a £250 transfer deal, with Colin Dand moving to Dunfermline as part of the agreement.
Herd spent ten seasons with the Tynecastle club, making 291 first team appearances in the process. Initially selected as a fullback, he switched to the left half position when Andy Anderson joined the club in 1929, and established himself in the latter role. His half-back combination with Alex Massie and John Johnston proved both durable and successful for Hearts, the trio proving a constant part of the side between 1930 and 1935, and eventually all three were called up to the Scotland national team. Herd's sole cap was earned against Ireland in 1935, while he also made one appearance for the Scottish Football League XI, against the (English) Football League XI in 1934.
In 1936, Herd was awarded a joint testimonial match, alongside Northern Irish centre half Willie Reid. Chelsea provided the opposition and Andy Black scored Hearts' goal in a 1–1 draw in front of 8,500 spectators. By now 34, Herd's career was considered to be drawing to a close and he was allowed to leave for Second Division East Fife at the end of the 1936–37 season.
Herd was to an enjoy an Indian summer with the Methil side though, and in his first season with East Fife they remarkably reached the final of the Scottish Cup. Kilmarnock were their opponents at Hampden Park and the match was drawn 1–1 but Herd suffered an injury which would force him to miss the replay. His replacement John Harvey, loaned from Hearts for the occasion, helped the Fifers to a 4–2 victory, making them the first club from the Second Division to win the trophy. Although he missed the decisive match, Herd had played in every game of East Fife's cup run up to that point, notably scoring twice in their quarter-final defeat of Raith Rovers, and the club successfully petitioned the Scottish FA to allow him to receive a winner's medal.
Herd retired in 1939 and emigrated to Melbourne, Australia later that year. His younger brother Alec maintained the family's representation in the professional footballing ranks, playing for Manchester City and representing Scotland in several unofficial wartime internationals during World War II. Herd's nephew, Alec's son David, would also later represent Scotland.
# W.T. Ford House

The W.T. Ford House is a historic residence located south of Earlham, Iowa, United States. This early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse was built in three parts. The first section of the house is attributed to George Francis, who was one of the first settlers in the township. This 1+1⁄2-story section is composed of rubble limestone. The first addition was built onto the south side of the original house. It is also 1+1⁄2 stories and it is composed of locally quarried finished cut and ashlar limestone. Most of the main facade of this addition has a full-sized enclosed stucco porch.
W.T. Ford bought the property in 1868 from Francis and had the second addition built to the west of the first addition. It is 2+1⁄2 stories and is composed of ashlar and rubble stone that was quarried at Eureka Quarry in Madison Township. The quarry's owner, J.G Parkins, is credited with building this addition. He may have built the first addition as well. All three sections of the house are capped with gable roofs, and the two additions feature bracketed eaves. Ford was a major player in the area owning 2,000 acres (810 ha), and with his partners, farmed 5,000 acres (2,000 ha). The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
# Frances Riddle

Frances Riddle (born in Raleigh, North Carolina. Grew up in Houston, Texas) is an American-born literary translator, specializing in the translation of contemporary Latin American literature into English.
She has a BA in Spanish Language and Literature from Louisiana State University and an MA in Translation Studies from the University of Buenos Aires. To date, she has translated more than a dozen novels for leading translation houses such as New Directions Publishing, Dalkey Archive Press and Charco Press. Originally from Houston, Texas, she lives in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
In April 2022, Riddle's translation of Claudia Piñeiro's novel Elena Knows was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize.

## Selected translations

* A Simple Story: The Last Malambo by Leila Guerriero
* Slum Virgin by Gabriela Cabezón Cámara
* Bodies of Summer by Martín Felipe Castagnet
* The German Room by Carla Maliandi
* The Abandoned House by Mario Levrero
* The Life and Deaths of Ethel Jurado by Gregorio Casamayor
* Cockfight by María Fernanda Ampuero
* Not One Less by María Pía López
* Plebian Prose by Néstor Perlongher
* Theatre of War by Andrea Jeftanovic
* Elena Knows by Claudia Piñeiro
* Violeta by Isabel Allende
# Henry Alexander Saturnin Hartley

Henry Alexander Saturnin Hartley (December 18, 1861 – October 14, 1934) was a missionary preacher, teacher, lawyer, and doctor in Canada, the United States, and South America.

## Biography

Henry Alexander Saturnin Hartley was born on December 18, 1861, in Port of Spain, Trinidad.
He studied at the University of Paris and worked in Trinidad including overseeing a leper colony before being dismissed for negligence. Hartley went on to various church appointments and postings. He studied in Canada and the United States. He served as a pastor at churches in Burroughs, Georgia.
He married Naomi Locke in London on June 25, 1883. She died in Paris in 1884 after giving birth to twins, who also died shortly afterward.
Hartley wrote a memoir in 1890.
On June 16, 1891, he received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Wilberforce University. On May 23, 1893, he earned an LL.B from Central Tennessee College.
Hartley died in 1934. In his will, he left $1,000 to Wilberforce University to endow a silver medal to be awarded yearly to the best student in Greek.

## Publications

* Classical Translations (1889)
* Ta Tou Pragma Emou Biou, or Some Concerns of My Life (1890)
# Dimmuborgir

Dimmuborgir (dimmu "dark", borgir "cities" or "forts", "castles"; pronounced) is a large area of unusually shaped lava fields east of Mývatn in Iceland. The Dimmuborgir area is composed of various volcanic caves and rock formations, reminiscent of an ancient collapsed citadel (hence the name). The dramatic structures are one of Iceland's most popular natural tourist attractions.

## Formation

The Dimmuborgir area consists of a massive, collapsed lava tube formed by a lava lake flowing in from a large eruption in the Þrengslaborgir and Lúdentsborgir crater row to the East, about 2300 years ago. At Dimmuborgir, the lava pooled over a small lake. As the lava flowed across the wet sod, the water of the marsh started to boil, the vapour rising through the lava forming lava pillars from drainpipe size up to several meters in diameter. As the lava continued flowing towards lower ground in the Mývatn area, the top crust collapsed, but the hollow pillars of solidified lava remained. The lava lake must have been at least 10 meters deep, as estimated by the tallest structures still standing.
The lava flow surface remains partly intact around the Dimmuborgir area, so that the Dimmuborgir itself sits below the surrounding surface area. The area is characterised by large hollow cell- or chamber-like structures formed around bubbles of vapour, and some dramatically standing lava pillars. Several of the chambers and pillar bases are large enough to house humans, giving rise to the term "castles" (borgir).

## Dimmuborgir in culture

In Icelandic folklore, Dimmuborgir is said to connect earth with the infernal regions. In Nordic Christian lore, it is also said that Dimmuborgir is the place where Satan landed when he was cast from the heavens and created the apparent "Helvetes katakomber" which is Norwegian for "The Catacombs of Hell".
Dimmuborgir was used as a shooting location for HBO's fantasy TV-series Game of Thrones. Dimmuborgir forms the background of Mance Rayder's wildling camp.
The Norwegian symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir is named after the Dimmuborgir region.
# Decision cycle

A decision cycle or decision loop is a sequence of steps used by an entity on a repeated basis to reach and implement decisions and to learn from the results. The "decision cycle" phrase has a history of use to broadly categorize various methods of making decisions, going upstream to the need, downstream to the outcomes, and cycling around to connect the outcomes to the needs.
A decision cycle is said to occur when an explicitly specified decision model is used to guide a decision and then the outcomes of that decision are assessed against the need for the decision. This cycle includes specification of desired results (the decision need), tracking of outcomes, and assessment of outcomes against the desired results.

## Examples of decision cycles

* In quality control, PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) is used.
* In science, the scientific method (Observation–Hypothesis–Experiment–Evaluation) can also be seen as a decision cycle.
* In the United States Armed Forces, a theory of an OODA loop (Observe–Orient–Decide–Act) has been advocated by Colonel John Boyd.
* In the lean startup methodology, the Build-Measure-Learn loop is used to guide product development.
* In management, Herbert A. Simon proposed a decision cycle of three steps (Intelligence–Design–Choice). Much later, other scholars expanded his framework to five steps (Intelligence–Design–Choice–Implementation–Learning).
* In design thinking, the design process is often conceived as a decision cycle (or design cycle), such as Robert McKim's ETC (Express–Test–Cycle).
* In the Getting Things Done time management method, workflow consists of a cycle of five stages (Collect–Process–Organize–Do–Review).
* In the nursing process, the ADPIE (Assessment–Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Evaluation) process is used. Alternatively, the ASPIRE (Assessment–Systematic Nursing Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Recheck–Evaluation) model includes an additional stage—Recheck—in between Implementation and Evaluation.
* In psychotherapy, the transtheoretical model posits five stages of intentional change (Precontemplation–Contemplation–Preparation–Action–Maintenance). These stages were initially conceived as linear, but John C. Norcross said that for many people the stages are more appropriately viewed as a cycle (Psych–Prep–Perspire–Persist–Relapse).
* In USAID, the use of a program cycle, "codified in the Automated Directive Systems (ADS) 201, is USAID's operational model for planning, delivering, assessing, and adapting development programming in a given region or country to achieve more effective and sustainable results in order to advance U.S. foreign policy". Relatedly, within the agency there exists resources regarding adaptive management decision cycles.
# Renick Farm (Renick, West Virginia)

Renick Farm, also known as the William Renick Farm, is an historic home located near Renick, Greenbrier County, West Virginia. The farmhouse was built between 1787 and 1792, and is a two-story, limestone dwelling with a gable roof in the Georgian style. A brick Federal style addition was built in 1825, and it features a two-story, temple form entrance portico with Doric order columns and Chinese Chippendale railings. Also on the property are a contributing barn (1901) and smoke house (c. 1840).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.