# Kangra district

Kangra district is the most populous district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Dharamshala is the administrative headquarters of the district.

## History

Kangra is known for having one of the oldest serving Royal Dynasty in the world, the Katoch of the Kangra State. In 1758, Raja Ghamand Chand was appointed nazim or governor of Jullundur Doab under the Afghans. Ghamand Chand was a brave and strong ruler who restored the prestige of Kangra. As he was unable to capture Kangra Fort, he built another fort at Tira Sujanpur on the left bank of the Beas, almost opposite to Alampur on a hill overlooking the town. He died in 1774 and was succeeded by his son, Tegh Chand, who died too soon in 1775. Ghamand Chand's grandson, Raja Sansar Chand (r. 1775–1823) established the supremacy of Kangra over all the surrounding hill states. During his reign, Kangra became a major centre for the arts and several palaces were built.
In 1805, the neighbouring hill states rebelled, with the aid of the Gurkha army. Raja Sansar Chand was forced to seek the help of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire . The Gurkha army was expelled but Ranjit Singh also annexed the most fertile part of the Kangra valley, reducing the Katochs of Kangra as well as the neighbouring rajas to the status of vassals. Kangra was annexed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire in 1810.
Kangra became a district of British India in 1846, when it was ceded to British India at the conclusion of the First Anglo-Sikh War. The British district included the present-day districts of Kangra, Hamirpur, Kullu, and Lahul and Spiti. Kangra District was part of the British province of Punjab. The administrative headquarters of the district were initially at Kangra, but were moved to Dharamshala in 1855.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census Kangra district had population of 1,510,075. The district has a population density of 263 inhabitants per square kilometre (680/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.77%. 5.71% of the population lives in urban areas. Kangra district has a sex ratio of 1012 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 85.67%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 21.15% and 5.60% of the population respectively.$^{:18}$
District highlights of 2011 Census
* Kangra district has the highest number of 3,869 villages among the 12 district of the state.
* Kangra district stands 1st position in terms of its working force having total workers of 675,170 persons against 3,559,422 working persons of the state.
* Kangra district occupies 1st rank among the districts of the state in terms of literate population. It has a literate population of 1,152,640 persons.
* The economy of Kangra district is mainly depends on agriculture. It has returned 303,007 persons as cultivators and holds the 2nd position among the districts of the state
* All the inhabited villages of the district enjoy the facility of electricity and potable drinking water.
* Kangra district is also known for its attractive tourist destinations. Dharamsala, Kangra, Palampur, Baijnath, Jawalamukhi and Masroor are the famous places of tourist interest in the district. McLeodganj in Dharamsala is a seat of the Dalai Lama has become a place of international fame since 1966.
* Central University of Himachal Pradesh at Dharamsala in Kangra district was established on 20 March 2009 under the Central University Act 2009(No.25 of 2009) of Indian Parliament.
The native people are the Kangri people and the native language is Kangri, which is very similar to Dogri. The majority of the people are Hindu, although many Tibetans and others who follow Buddhism have also settled here recently. There are also other minorities such as Sikhs, Muslims, and Christians.
Jhamakda is a folk dance of Kangra. It is exclusively performed by women. It features percussion instruments and songs.

### Religion

Religions in Kangra district (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 96.76% | 96.76% |
| Islam | Islam | 1.31% | 1.31% |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 0.96% | 0.96% |
| Sikhism | Sikhism | 0.59% | 0.59% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.42% | 0.42% |
| Distribution of religions |||||
Religion in Kangra District :
| Religious group | 2011 | 2011 |
| Religious group | Pop. | % |
| Hinduism | 1,461,140 | 96.76% |
| Islam | 19,797 | 1.31% |
| Buddhism | 14,511 | 0.96% |
| Sikhism | 8,929 | 0.59% |
| Christianity | 3,023 | 0.2% |
| Jainism | 194 | 0.01% |
| Others | 2,481 | 0.16% |
| Total Population | 1,510,075 | 100% |
Religious groups in Kangra District (British Punjab province era) :
| Religious group | 1881 | 1881 | 1891 | 1891 | 1901 | 1901 | 1911 | 1911 | 1921 | 1921 | 1931 | 1931 | 1941 | 1941 |
| Religious group | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Hinduism | 687,635 | 94.09% | 715,607 | 93.78% | 722,554 | 94.07% | 725,156 | 94.13% | 722,277 | 94.28% | 752,098 | 93.86% | 846,531 | 94.12% |
| Islam | 39,148 | 5.36% | 39,709 | 5.2% | 39,672 | 5.16% | 38,859 | 5.04% | 38,263 | 4.99% | 40,483 | 5.05% | 43,249 | 4.81% |
| Buddhism | 2,860 | 0.39% | 5,768 | 0.76% | 4,176 | 0.54% | 3,992 | 0.52% | 3,019 | 0.39% | 5,663 | 0.71% | 8 | 0% |
| Sikhism | 738 | 0.1% | 1,461 | 0.19% | 1,220 | 0.16% | 1,910 | 0.25% | 2,083 | 0.27% | 2,396 | 0.3% | 4,809 | 0.53% |
| Christianity | 327 | 0.04% | 343 | 0.04% | 385 | 0.05% | 386 | 0.05% | 363 | 0.05% | 576 | 0.07% | 788 | 0.09% |
| Jainism | 133 | 0.02% | 140 | 0.02% | 113 | 0.01% | 81 | 0.01% | 56 | 0.01% | 94 | 0.01% | 101 | 0.01% |
| Zoroastrianism | 4 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 3,890 | 0.43% |
| Judaism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% |
| Total population | 730,845 | 100% | 763,030 | 100% | 768,124 | 100% | 770,386 | 100% | 766,065 | 100% | 801,312 | 100% | 899,377 | 100% |
| Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. |||||||||||||||
Religion in the Tehsils of Kangra District (1921) :
| Tehsil | Hinduism | Hinduism | Islam | Islam | Sikhism | Sikhism | Christianity | Christianity | Jainism | Jainism | Others | Others | Total | Total |
| Tehsil | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Kangra Tehsil | 110,804 | 93.61% | 7,270 | 6.14% | 192 | 0.16% | 104 | 0.09% | 0 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 118,374 | 100% |
| Dehra Tehsil | 119,197 | 95.63% | 4,787 | 3.84% | 647 | 0.52% | 7 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 124,638 | 100% |
| Nurpur Tehsil | 78,504 | 82.23% | 16,540 | 17.32% | 419 | 0.44% | 7 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 95,470 | 100% |
| Harimpur Tehsil | 162,608 | 96.5% | 5,504 | 3.27% | 339 | 0.2% | 0 | 0% | 53 | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 168,504 | 100% |
| Palampur Tehsil | 133,456 | 97.38% | 3,077 | 2.25% | 441 | 0.32% | 78 | 0.06% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 137,052 | 100% |
| Kulu Tehsil | 117,708 | 96.46% | 1,085 | 0.89% | 45 | 0.04% | 167 | 0.14% | 3 | 0% | 3,019 | 2.47% | 122,027 | 100% |
| Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. |||||||||||||||
Religion in the Tehsils of Kangra District (1941) :
| Tehsil | Hinduism | Hinduism | Islam | Islam | Sikhism | Sikhism | Christianity | Christianity | Jainism | Jainism | Others | Others | Total | Total |
| Tehsil | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % |
| Kangra Tehsil | 129,089 | 92.98% | 8,574 | 6.18% | 833 | 0.6% | 214 | 0.15% | 0 | 0% | 130 | 0.09% | 138,840 | 100% |
| Dehra Tehsil | 141,009 | 95.64% | 5,370 | 3.64% | 1,035 | 0.7% | 28 | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 147,444 | 100% |
| Nurpur Tehsil | 83,565 | 80.12% | 18,659 | 17.89% | 2,067 | 1.98% | 12 | 0.01% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 0% | 104,304 | 100% |
| Harimpur Tehsil | 194,801 | 96.76% | 6,067 | 3.01% | 362 | 0.18% | 1 | 0% | 97 | 0.05% | 3 | 0% | 201,331 | 100% |
| Palampur Tehsil | 166,397 | 97.73% | 3,207 | 1.88% | 398 | 0.23% | 231 | 0.14% | 0 | 0% | 23 | 0.01% | 170,256 | 100% |
| Kulu Tehsil | 131,670 | 95.97% | 1,372 | 1% | 114 | 0.08% | 104 | 0.08% | 4 | 0% | 3,938 | 2.87% | 137,202 | 100% |
| Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labelled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category. |||||||||||||||

### Language

* Kangri (70.88%)
* Pahari (14.92%)
* Hindi (5.55%)
* Gaddi (2.64%)
* Punjabi (2.06%)
* Others (3.95%)
At the 2011 Census, 70.88% of the population in the district spoke Kangri, 14.92% Pahari, 5.55% Hindi, 2.64% Gaddi and 2.06% Punjabi as their first language.

## Politics

| Constituency | Constituency | Party | Party | MLA | Remark |
| No. | Name | Party | Party | MLA | Remark |
| 6 | Nurpur | | BJP | Ranveer Singh | |
| 7 | Indora (SC) | | INC | Malender Rajan | |
| 8 | Fatehpur | | INC | Bhawani Singh Pathania | |
| 9 | Jawali | | INC | Chander Kumar | Cabinet Minister |
| 10 | Dehra | | IND | Hoshyar Singh | |
| 11 | Jaswan-Pragpur | | BJP | Bikram Thakur | |
| 12 | Jawalamukhi | | INC | Sanjay Rattan | |
| 13 | Jaisinghpur (SC) | | INC | Yadvinder Goma | |
| 14 | Sullah | | BJP | Vipin Singh Parmar | |
| 15 | Nagrota | | INC | Raghubir Singh Bali | |
| 16 | Kangra | | BJP | Pawan Kumar Kajal | |
| 17 | Shahpur | | INC | Kewal Singh Pathania | |
| 18 | Dharamshala | | BJP | Sudhir Sharma | |
| 19 | Palampur | | INC | Ashish Butail | |
| 20 | Baijnath (SC) | | INC | Kishori Lal | |

## Wildlife Sanctuaries
### Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary

Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary is located at an altitude of 1600 m going up to 4400 m, Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1994 by the Wildlife Department of Himachal Pradesh Government. It is situated in Kangra district. The wildlife sanctuary is covered by snow-clad mountains from three sides. The flora of Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary includes deodar, rhododendron, oak, spruce, pine, and mixed conifers. This wildlife sanctuary is home to animals such as red fox, black bear, leopard sambar, Asiatic lion, angora rabbit, and deer. It covers an area of 982.86 sq.km.

### Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary covers an areas of 207.95 sq. km. in Kangra district. It is spread through the submerged area between Pong Dam Terrace (Talwara) to the bridge on Beas River at Dehra. It was created in1975, by building the highest earthfill dam in India on the Beas River in the wetland zone of the Siwalik Hills.

## Education

* Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya
* Central University of Himachal Pradesh
* College for Higher Tibetan Studies, Sarah
* Government College of Teacher Education Dharamshala
* Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education
* Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur
* National Institute of Fashion Technology, Kangra

### Schools

* Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kangra
* Mount Carmel High School, Gaggal, Himachal Pradesh
* Sacred Heart Sr. Sec. School (Sidhpur)
* Sherab Gatsel Lobling School

## Notable people

* G. S. Bali - Indian politician
* Captain Vikram Batra, PVC - Indian army officer, recipient of Param Vir Chakra
* Didi Contractor - architect
* Chandrarekha Dhadwal - writer
* Captain Saurabh Kalia - Indian Army
* The 14th Dalai Lama - spiritual and religious leader of Tibetan people
* Kishan Kapoor - Indian politician
* Major General Siri Kanth Korla, PVSM, DSO, MC - Indian Army officer
* Chander Kumar - Indian politician
* Shanta Kumar - Indian politician
* Major Somnath Sharma, PVC - Indian Army officer, recipient of Param Vir Chakra
* Anuj Sharma - Singer, second Indian Idol runner-up
* Shriya Sharma - Film actress
* Sobha Singh - painter
* Jemadar Lala, VC - British Indian Army soldier, Victoria Cross awardee
* Tenzin Palmo - Buddhist nun
* Shivya Pathania - Television actress
* Dr. Salig Ram - Rajya Sabha MP and two-term minister in the Himachal Pradesh government
* Nora Richards - Irish playwright
* Sudhir Sharma - Indian politician
* General Vishwa Nath Sharma, PVSM, AVSM, ADC - 14th Chief of Army Staff, Indian Army
* Brigadier Sher Jung Thapa, MVC - Indian Army officer, recipient of Maha Vir Chakra, known as "Hero of Skardu"
* Gautam Chand Sharma 'Vyathit' - writer and folklorist