OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Segunda Rosario

Segunda Rosario was a schooner involved in the slave trade which was captured in 1841.
In 1840 Segunda Rosario set sail for West Africa from Havana laden with tobacco and "ready made clothes". After arriving at the Pongo River, the ship took on board 288 enslaved Africans and set sail for Puerto Rico on 3 January 1841. On 27 January the ship was intercepted by Captain Alexander Milne of HMS Cleopatra. Amongst the papers found on the ship was a document signed by Niara Bely (aka Isabela Lightbourn) asserting that 40 of the slaves were for her son Joseph Lightbourn. A second document signed by Benjamin Campbell certifying that John Boson was a free native of Rio Pongo and that he had hired himself as cook for the vessel. These documents lead to an investigation of Campbell as regards his possible involvement in the slave trade, something which he strenuously denied.$^{:21}$
# Lectionary 211

Lectionary 211 is a Greek lectionary manuscript of the New Testament, written on parchment. It is designated by the siglum ℓ 211 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writings styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 12th century. Biblical scholar Frederick H. A. Scrivener labelled it by 218$^{evl}$. The manuscript has complex contents.

## Description

The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book) containing lessons (or readings, also known as lectons) from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke (Evangelistarium), on 209 parchment leaves (31.2 cm by 20.5 cm). The text is written in Greek minuscule letters, in two columns per page, 28-30 lines per page. It contains pictures. It is a palimpsest, the lower text contains a Menaion, for January, written in minuscule letters in the 11th century.
The first leaf contains the history of St. Varus and six martyrs. There are weekday Gospel lessons. It contains the text of Matthew 16:2b–3, Luke 22:43-44, and John 8:3-11 (dedicated to Pelagia).

### Some notable readings

Luke 9:35
    αγαπητος εν ο ευδοκησα (beloved, in whom I am well pleased) — ℓ 211 C$^{c3}$ D Ψ ℓ 19 ℓ 31 ℓ 47 ℓ 48 ℓ 49 ℓ 49 ℓ 183 ℓ 183$^m$
    omit - Majority of manuscripts$^{:246}$
John 4:51
    υιος σου (my son) — ℓ 211 𝔓$^{66}$$^c$ D K L Π 33 892 1071 1079 1216 1230 1241 + others
    παις σου (my child) - Γ Δ Θ Ψ ƒ$^1$ 565 700 1424 Majority of manuscripts sy$^h$ ; Origen$^{:336}$
John 6:42
    την μητερα και τον πατερα (His mother and His father) - ℓ 211
    τον πατερα και την μητερα (His father and His mother) - Majority of manuscripts$^{:346}$

## History

The earliest history of the manuscript is unknown. Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 14th century, though biblical scholar Caspar René Gregory dated it to the 12th or 13th century. It is presently assigned by the INTF to the 12th century. The manuscript is cited in numerous releases of the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3,$^{:XXVIII}$ UBS4.).
The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (number 218), and Gregory (number 211). C. R. Gregory saw it in 1883. The manuscript is currently located in the Bodleian Library (shelf number Wake 18) at Oxford, England.
# 1995 Duke Blue Devils football team

The 1995 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by second-year head coach Fred Goldsmith, the Blue Devils compiled an overall record of 3–8 with a mark of 1–7 in conference play, and finished eighth in the ACC. Duke played home games at Wallace Wade Stadium in Durham, North Carolina.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 2 | 3:30 p.m. | vs. No. 1 Florida State | Florida Citrus BowlOrlando, FL | ABC | L 26–70 | 51,200 |
| September 9 | | Rutgers* | Wallace Wade StadiumDurham, NC | | W 24–14 | 25,400 |
| September 16 | | at Army* | Michie StadiumWest Point, NY | | W 23–21 | 33,031 |
| September 23 | | at No. 24 Maryland | Byrd StadiumCollege Park, MD | | L 28–41 | 41,013 |
| September 30 | | Navy* | Wallace Wade StadiumDurham, NC | | L 9–30 | 29,400 |
| October 7 | | Georgia Tech | Wallace Wade StadiumDurham, NC | | L 21–37 | 20,110 |
| October 14 | 1:30 p.m. | at No. 19 Virginia | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA | | L 30–44 | 40,200 |
| October 21 | 1:00 p.m. | NC State | Wallace Wade StadiumDurham, NC (rivalry) | | L 38–41 | 24,117 |
| October 28 | 1:30 p.m. | Wake Forest | Wallace Wade StadiumDurham, NC (rivalry) | | W 42–26 | 31,752 |
| November 11 | 1:00 p.m. | at No. 24 Clemson | Memorial StadiumClemson, SC | | L 17–34 | 63,000 |
| November 18 | 12:00 p.m. | at North Carolina | Kenan Memorial StadiumChapel Hill, NC (Victory Bell) | JPS | L 24–28 | 47,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||
# Vierves-sur-Viroin

Vierves-sur-Viroin (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Vierves on Viroin'; Walloon: Viêpe) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Viroinval, located in the province of Namur, Belgium.
The village surrounds the castle, which was erected during the Middle Ages. Its present appearance dates large from the end of the 18th century, as it was extensively ravaged by fire in 1775 and later restored. The castle served as the seat of a court of justice from the 15th century until 1852, and was the setting of a number of witch trials during the 16th and 17th centuries. Aside from the castle, the village has an ancient lavoir and ruins of a mill from the 13th–14th centuries. The village is a member of the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de Wallonie.
* Castle
* Église Saints-Rufin et Valère
* Église Saints-Rufin et Valère
# Mike Lewis (arena football)

Michael Lewis (born August 15, 1984) is an American former professional football defensive end who played in the Arena Football League (AFL). He was signed by the Albany Conquest as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Adrian College.

## College career

Lewis starred for the Adrian College Bulldogs football team for four years. He originally went to Adrian to be a running back, but after a position switch, he posted the three best sack seasons by a Bulldog and owns the Adrian record for sacks in a single game (4). His 40.0 career sacks and 61.0 tackles for loss are career records. As a senior in 2005, Lewis was named the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) Defensive MVP.

## Professional career
### Early career

Lewis' first year out of college he played semi-pro football before receiving an offer to join the Albany Conquest of Arena Football 2. After two seasons with the Conquest, Lewis joined the Peoria Pirates for the 2009 season.

### Iowa Barnstormers

Lewis moved up to Arena Football 1 with the af2 folded, joining the Iowa Barnstormers.

### Utah Blaze

Lewis moved out west and joined the Utah Blaze in 2011. His sack total earned him 5th place in the league, and earned him a Second Team All-Arena selection. He returned to the Blaze in 2012.

### Return to Iowa

Lewis returned to the Barnstormers in 2013, reuniting him with head coach Mike Hohensee, whom had coached him in Peoria. Lewis continued his great sacking ability, moving up the AFL record books for career sacks.

### Las Vegas Outlaws

Lewis joined the Las Vegas Outlaws in 2015.

### Orlando Predators

On October 16, 2015, Lewis was assigned to the Orlando Predators.

### Los Angeles KISS

On May 24, 2016, Lewis was traded to the Los Angeles KISS for Logan Harrell and John Martinez.
# 1994 North Dakota State Bison football team

The 1994 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1994 NCAA Division II football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their eighth year under head coach Rocky Hager, the team compiled a 9–3 record and finished as NCC co-champion.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | Angelo State* | No. 3 | FargodomeFargo, ND | W 21–12 | 13,429 |
| September 17 | at Nebraska–Omaha | No. 3 | Al F. Caniglia FieldOmaha, NE | W 49–9 | 4,300 |
| September 24 | at Morningside | No. 2 | Elwood Olsen StadiumSioux City, IA | W 24–13 | 2,059 |
| October 1 | Mankato State | No. 2 | FargodomeFargo, ND | W 22–14 | 12,663 |
| October 8 | South Dakota State | No. 2 | FargodomeFargo, ND (rivalry) | W 52–39 | 15,297 |
| October 15 | at South Dakota | No. 2 | DakotaDomeVermillion, SD | W 24–13 | 7,140 |
| October 22 | No. 12 St. Cloud State | No. 2 | FargodomeFargo, ND | W 35–25 | 14,275 |
| October 29 | North Dakota | No. 2 | FargodomeFargo, ND (Nickel Trophy) | L 13–34 | 18,760 |
| November 5 | at Northern Colorado | No. 10 | Jackson FieldGreeley, CO | L 7–29 | 3,166 |
| November 12 | Augustana (SD) | No. 12 | FargodomeFargo, ND | W 28–14 | 10,207 |
| November 19 | at No. 3 Pittsburg State* | No. 12 | Carnie Smith StadiumPittsburg, KS (NCAA Division II First Round) | W 18–12 $^{3OT}$ | 5,000 |
| November 26 | at No. 15 North Dakota | No. 12 | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND (NCAA Division II Quarterfinal) | L 7–14 | 10,060 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from NCAA Division II Football Committee Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Prunus davidiana

Prunus davidiana is a plant species in the Rosaceae family. It is also known by the common names David's peach and Chinese wild peach. It is native to China, preferring to grow in forests and thickets, on slopes in mountain valleys, and in waste fields, from 800 to 3200 m. It is resistant to frost, and to a number of pests and diseases of cultivated peach, and is the subject of many studies for the genetic improvement of peaches.

## Description

Deciduous, upright tree.
* Height and Spread: Reaches a maximum height and spread of 9 m (30 ft) by 9 m (30 ft).
* Branches: Young branches whippy, upright, and smooth.
* Bark: smooth, dark purplish-red
* Leaves: Dark green, glabrous leaves are lanceolate-narrow ovate in shape, ranging in length from 5–12 cm (2–5 in). Leaf point is long and slender, tapering to a point; leaf margins finely toothed. Petioles are glandular.
* Inflorescences: Flowers in late winter-early spring or in February.
** Flowers: 2.5 cm (1 in) wide and white to pale pink to rosy in color.
** Pedicels: Very short.
* Fruit: Yellow, furry, edible.

## Cultivation

Fully hardy and prefers full sun. In China, it is largely used as an ornamental tree, and the fruit is eaten but not prized. In peach growing regions throughout the world, it is used as a source of rootstocks.

## Varieties

* P. davidiana var. alba has white flowers.
* P. davidiana var. rubra has deep rosy-colored flowers.

## Etymology

Prunus is the ancient Latin name for plum trees. Davidiana is named for L'Abbé Armand David (1826-1900), a missionary and collector of Chinese plants.
# 2002 Miami RedHawks football team

The 2002 Miami RedHawks football team represented the Miami University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. They played their home games at Yager Stadium in Oxford, Ohio and competed as members of the Mid-American Conference. The team was coached by head coach Terry Hoeppner. Despite finishing 7-5, the RedHawks did not receive a bowl bid.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 31 | 1:30 pm | at North Carolina* | Kenan Memorial StadiumChapel Hill, NC | | W 27–21 | 38,000 |
| September 7 | 12:00 pm | Iowa* | Yager StadiumOxford, OH | ESPN Plus | L 24–29 | 25,934 |
| September 14 | 8:00 pm | at No. 25 LSU* | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | | L 7–33 | 90,010 |
| September 21 | 2:00 pm | Kent State | Yager StadiumOxford, OH | | W 27–20 | 15,042 |
| September 28 | 6:00 pm | at Akron | Rubber BowlAkron, OH | | W 48–31 | 17,298 |
| October 5 | 1:00 pm | at Cincinnati* | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH (Victory Bell) | | W 31–26 | 31,478 |
| October 12 | 2:00 pm | Northern Illinois | Yager StadiumOxford, OH | | L 41–48 | 15,234 |
| October 19 | 1:00 pm | at Buffalo | University at Buffalo StadiumAmherst, NY | | W 49–0 | 9,213 |
| October 26 | 7:00 pm | at Toledo | Glass BowlToledo, OH | | W 27–13 | 24,466 |
| November 2 | 1:00 pm | Ohio | Yager StadiumOxford, OH (Battle of the Bricks) | ONN | W 38–20 | 27,253 |
| November 12 | 8:00 pm | at Marshall | Marshall University StadiumHuntington, WV | ESPN | L 34–36 | 26,851 |
| November 23 | 2:00 pm | Central Florida | Yager StadiumOxford, OH | | L 31–48 | 7,962 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Na Lei Hulu I Ka Wekiu

Nā Lei Hulu I Ka Wēkiu is a Hawaiian dance company or hālau hula led by kumu hula (hula master) Patrick Makuakāne.
Makuakāne founded Nā Lei Hulu in San Francisco in 1985. As a young dancer in Hawai'i, he trained under kumu hula Robert Cazimero, a member of the musical duo The Brothers Cazimero. In 2003, Makuakāne completed intensive traditional hula training under Mae Kamāmalu Klein and earned the title of kumu hula.
The dance company of about 25 women and 15 men has performed in many locations around the United States, including New York City, New Orleans, Honolulu, San Francisco, and Napa. The hālau also offers hula classes to beginning and intermediate level dancers.
What makes Nā Lei Hulu different from other hula hālau is Makuakāne's trademark style, called hula mua, or "hula that evolves." Hula mua consists of classic or hula-inspired movements set to non-Hawaiian music such as techno, pop, opera, Spanish, hip-hop, and disco. The group's shows typically feature a combination of both hula mua and traditional hula.
According to arts critic George Heymont of The Huffington Post, Makuakāne has "strength as a showman and choreographer with a keen artistic vision" and the group's performances are "wondrously rich in costume, song, and Hawaiian history."
Makuakāne and his hālau were profiled in the PBS documentary film American Aloha: Hula Beyond Hawai'i, originally broadcast in 2003.
# Robin Hack

Robin Hack (German pronunciation:; born 27 August 1998) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach.

## Club career

In June 2019, Hack signed for 1. FC Nürnberg from 1899 Hoffenheim.
After two seasons with Nürnberg, Hack transferred to Arminia Bielefeld in August 2021, signing until 2025.
On 26 June 2023, Hack signed for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach on a four-year deal. On 20 April 2024, he scored his first Bundesliga hat-trick in a 4–3 away defeat against his former club Hoffenheim.

## International career

Hack was a youth international footballer for Germany. On 10 September 2019, he scored his first career hat-trick for Germany U21 in a 5–1 away win over Wales U21 during the 2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 7 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | DFB-Pokal | DFB-Pokal | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1899 Hoffenheim II | 2017–18 | Regionalliga Südwest | 17 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | 3 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim II | 2018–19 | Regionalliga Südwest | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim II | Total | Total | 26 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 4 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim | 2017–18 | Bundesliga | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 1 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim | 2018–19 | Bundesliga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim | Total | Total | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Nürnberg | 2019–20 | 2. Bundesliga | 31 | 10 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 34 | 10 |
| Nürnberg | 2020–21 | 2. Bundesliga | 23 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 24 | 4 |
| Nürnberg | 2021–22 | 2. Bundesliga | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Nürnberg | Total | Total | 55 | 14 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 59 | 14 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | 2021–22 | Bundesliga | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 31 | 0 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | 2022–23 | 2. Bundesliga | 33 | 10 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 37 | 11 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | Total | Total | 63 | 10 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 68 | 11 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2023–24 | Bundesliga | 29 | 10 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 13 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2024–25 | Bundesliga | 24 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 25 | 4 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | Total | Total | 53 | 14 | 5 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 58 | 17 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 200 | 43 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 217 | 47 |
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Europa League
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Champions League
* 1 2 Appearances in relegation playoffs

## Honors

Germany U20
* Under 20 Elite League: 2017–18
Individual
* Under 20 Elite League top scorer: 2017–18
# Amalda miriky

Amalda miriky is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 53 mm
The shell is fusiform with a large, dome-shaped protoconch, the first whorl having a diameter of approximately 1.25 mm. Both the primary and secondary calluses are densely and distinctly micro-shagreened. The olivoid groove is very shallow and barely noticeable. The anterior band is divided by a prominent fasciolar ridge into an upper and a lower band, with the upper band being twice as wide as the lower.
The upper anterior band features a distinct ridge, rounded at the top. The body whorl varies in color from light yellow to light orange, while the olivoid band is pale. The upper anterior band is orange-brown, and the lower anterior band and plication plate are white. The primary callus is orange-brown, and the spire whorls exhibit a slight bluish tint. The protoconch shares the same color as the primary callus.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Madagascan part of the Mozambique Channel
# 1994 Northeastern Huskies football team

The 1994 Northeastern Huskies football team was an American football team that represented Northeastern University as a member of the Mid-Atlantic Division of the Yankee Conference during the 1994 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Barry Gallup, the team compiled an overall record of 2–9 with a mark of 2–6 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the Mid-Atlantic Division.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | at Boise State* | Bronco StadiumBoise, ID | L 26–36 | 19,509 |
| September 10 | New Hampshire | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 7–28 | |
| September 17 | Rhode Island | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 20–27 | 4,050 |
| September 24 | Richmond | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 11–23 | 3,800 |
| October 8 | at No. 8 William & Mary | Zable StadiumWilliamsburg, VA | L 12–17 | 7,894 |
| October 15 | at No. 10 Boston University | Nickerson FieldBoston, MA | L 14–35 | |
| October 22 | Villanova | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 9–13 | 6,250 |
| October 29 | at Delaware | Delaware StadiumNewark, DE | L 20–42 | 20,047 |
| November 5 | at UMass | McGuirk StadiumHadley, MA | L 24–27 | 6,511 |
| November 12 | Maine | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | W 23–16 | 3,100 |
| November 19 | at No. 5 James Madison | Bridgeforth StadiumHarrisonburg, VA | W 9–6 $^{OT}$ | 10,000 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Ron Ward's Meadow With Tadley Pastures

Ron Ward's Meadow With Tadley Pastures is a site of Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). It is based on the edge of Tadley in Hampshire, England. It is managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust.

## Geography

Ron Ward's Meadow With Tadley Pastures covers an area of 11.3 hectares. The SSSI is an area of unimproved meadows which is managed for hay production. The main part of the site is meadows which are on a south-facing hillside sloping down towards Honeywell Brook. The meadows sit on a mixture of Bracklesham Beds, Lower Bagshot sands and alluvium. Opposite the meadows are two fields, which form the final part of the SSSI.

## History

The site was given to the trust as a legacy by Ron Ward. The area was classed in 1991 as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

## Fauna

The site has the following fauna:

### Mammals

* Roe deer
* European water vole
* Bank vole
* Yellow-necked mouse
* European hare

### Birds

* Snipe
* Eurasian skylark
* Northern lapwing

### Amphibians

* Common frog

### Invertebrates

* Mother Shipton moth
* Burnet companion
* Small copper
* Common blue
* Straw dot moth

## Flora

The site has the following flora:

### Trees

* Aspen
* Creeping willow

### Plants

* Yarrow
* Sneezewort
* Common bent
* Bugle
* Bog pimpernel
* Sweet vernal grass
* False oat-grass
* Mugwort
* Quaking-grass
* Meadow brome
* Harebell
* Cuckooflower
* Distant sedge
* Brown sedge
* Common yellow-sedge
* Star sedge
* Glaucous sedge
* Hairy sedge
* smooth-stalked sedge
* Common sedge
* Oval sedge
* Pale sedge
* Carnation sedge
* Pill sage
* Common knapweed
* Meadow thistle
* Marsh thistle
* Crested dog's-tail
* Common spotted orchid
* Heath spotted-orchid
* Southern marsh-orchid
* Field horsetail
* Red fescue
* Meadowsweet
* Snakeshead fritillary
* Cut-leaved crane's-bill
* Dyer's greenweed
* Yorkshire fog
* Marsh pennywort
* Cats ear
* Yellow iris
* Field scabious
* Bitter vetch
* Meadow vetchling
* Oxeye daisy
* Common bird's-foot trefoil
* Greater bird's-foot trefoil
* Field wood-rush
* Ragged robin
* Purple moor-grass
* Wood melick
* Hemlock water-dropwort
* Adder's-tongue
* Green-winged orchid
* Common lousewort
* Ribwort plantain
* Tormentil
* Cowslip
* Common fleabane
* Meadow buttercup
* Great yellow-cress
* Common sorrel
* Greater burnet
* Saw-wort
* Betony
* Lesser stitchwort
* Devil's-bit scabious
* Goat's-beard
* Red clover
* Marsh arrowgrass
* Marsh valerian
* Germander speedwell
* Hairy tare
* Narrow-leaved vetch
* Common vetch
# 2-Naphthylamine

2-Naphthylamine or 2-aminonaphthalene is one of two isomeric aminonaphthalenes, compounds with the formula C$_{10}$H$_7$NH$_2$. It is a colorless solid, but samples take on a reddish color in air because of oxidation. It was formerly used to make azo dyes, but it is a known carcinogen and has largely been replaced by less toxic compounds.

## Preparation

2-Naphthylamine is prepared by heating 2-naphthol with ammonium zinc chloride to 200-210 °C, the Bucherer reaction. Its acetyl derivative can be obtained by heating 2-naphthol with ammonium acetate to 270-280 °C.

## Reactions

It gives no color with iron(III) chloride. When reduced by sodium in boiling amyl alcohol solution, it forms tetrahydro-3-naphthylamine, which exhibits the properties of the aliphatic amines in that it is strongly alkaline in reaction, has an ammoniacal odor and cannot be diazotized.
On oxidation, it yields ortho-carboxy-hydrocinnamic acid, HO$_2$CC$_6$H$_4$CH$_2$CH$_2$CO$_2$H.
Numerous sulfonic acid derivatives of 2-naphthylamine are used in commerce, such as precursors to dyes. Owing to the carcinogenicity of the amine, these derivatives are mainly prepared by amination of the corresponding naphthols. Of them, the δ-acid and Bronner's acid are of more value technically, since they combine with ortho-tetrazoditolyl to produce fine red dye-stuffs.
2-Naphthylamine was previously used as a dye precursor and rubber antioxidant in the 1930s, 40s and 50s. Dupont stopped using it in the 1970s.

## Role in disease

2-Naphthylamine is found in cigarette smoke and suspected to contribute to the development of bladder cancer.
It is activated in the liver but quickly deactivated by conjugation to glucuronic acid. In the bladder, glucuronidase re-activates it by deconjugation, which leads to the development of bladder cancer.