OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vernation

Vernation or leafing is the formation of new leaves or fronds. In plant anatomy, it is the arrangement of leaves in a bud.
In pine species, new leaves are short and encased in sheaths. Each leaf bundle consists of two to five needles. All the leaves on one section of branch grow in length together. In cabbage species, new leaves are folded over, each covered by the previous leaf.

## Name

The term vernation is borrowed from New Latin vernatio, the act of being verdant or flourishing (vernare). It is cognate with ver (Latin for "spring") and vernalis ("vernal").

## Circinate vernation

Circinate vernation is the manner in which most fern fronds emerge. As the fern frond is formed, it is tightly curled so that the tender growing tip of the frond (and each subdivision of the frond) is protected within a coil. At this stage it is called a crozier (after the shepherd's crook) or fiddlehead (after the scrollwork at the top of a violin). As the lower parts of the frond expand and toughen up, they begin to photosynthesize, supporting the further growth and expansion of the frond. By photosynthesizing, the frond increases the amount of solute inside the frond, which lowers the internal water gradient and facilitates an increase in volume that forces uncoiling. In the case of many fronds, long hairs or scales provide additional protection to the growing tips before they are fully uncoiled. Circinate vernation may also be observed in the extension of leaflets, in the compound leaves of cycads. Circinate vernation is also typical of the carnivorous plant family Droseraceae, for example see this photo of Drosera filiformis. It is also seen in the related genera Drosophyllum and Triphyophyllum, and in the much more distantly related Byblis; however in these three genera, the leaves are coiled outwards towards the abaxial surface of the leaf (reverse circinate vernation): this appears to be unique to these three plants among the angiosperms.

## Convolute vernation

The process of convolute vernation involves the wrapping of one margin of the leaf's blade over the other. This folding mechanism makes the emerging leaf look like a tube.

## Involute vernation

In involute vernation both margins on opposing sides of the leaf are rolled up towards the upper (axial) surface of the leaf, forming two tubes that may meet at the midrib of the leaf.

## Revolute vernation

Revolute vernation is the opposite of involute vernation: the margins of the leaf are rolled up towards the under (abaxial) surface of the leaf.
# Syrian Coastal Mountain Range

The Coastal Mountain Range (Arabic: سلسلة الجبال الساحلية, Silsilat al-Jibāl as-Sāḥilīyah) also called Jabal al-Ansariya, Jabal an-Nusayria or Jabal al-`Alawīyin (Ansari, Nusayri or Alawi Mountains) is a mountain range in northwestern Syria running north–south, parallel to the coastal plain. The mountains have an average width of 32 kilometres (20 mi), and their average peak elevation is just over 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) with the highest peak, Nabi Yunis, reaching 1,562 metres (5,125 ft), east of Latakia. In the north the average height declines to 900 metres (3,000 ft), and to 600 metres (2,000 ft) in the south.
This mountain range has been home to an Alawite population since the Middle Ages.

## Name

Classically, this range was known as the Bargylus, a name mentioned by Pliny the Elder. The name probably had its roots in the name of an ancient city-kingdom called Barga, located in the vicinity of the mountains; it was a city of the Eblaite Empire in the third millennium BC, and then a vassal kingdom of the Hittites, who named the mountain range after Barga.
In the medieval period were known as the Jabal Bahra (جبل بهراء) after the Arab tribe of Bahra’. They are also sometimes known as the Nusayriyah Mountains or the Ansarieh Mountains (جبال النصيرية Jibāl an-Nuṣayriyah) or the Alawiyin Mountains (جبال العلويين Jibāl al-‘Alawīyin); both of these names refer to the Alawi ethnoreligious group which has traditionally lived there, though the former term is based on an antiquated label for the community that is now considered insulting.

## Geography

The western slopes catch moisture-laden winds from the Mediterranean Sea and are thus more fertile and more heavily populated than the eastern slopes. The Orontes River flows north alongside the range on its eastern verge in the Ghab valley, a 64 kilometres (40 mi) longitudinal trench, and then around the northern edge of the range to flow into the Mediterranean. South of Masyaf there is a large northeast-southwest strike-slip fault which separates An-Nusayriyah Mountain from the coastal Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains of Lebanon, in a feature known as the Homs Gap.
Between 1920 and 1936, the mountains formed parts of the eastern border of the Alawite State within the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon.
# Emblem of Algeria

The national emblem of Algeria (Arabic: الشعار الوطني الجزائري; Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ) is the official seal used by the government of Algeria.

## Description

The current form of the emblem with Arabic writing was adopted on 1 November 1976, but was only differentiated from previous one by the changing of the motto from French to Arabic. Contained on the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the flag of Algeria and is a symbol of Islam. The text that encircles the emblem says in Arabic: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية ("The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria", the country's official name).
The hand of Fatima, a traditional symbol of the region, appears in front of the Atlas Mountains, below a rising sun representing a new era. Buildings stand for industry and plants for agriculture.

## Historic coats of arms and emblems

* Lesser Coat of arms of the Regency of Algiers (1630–1830)
* Seal of the Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)
* Coat of arms of French Algeria during Second Empire (1865)
* Seal of the Government-General of Algeria (1950)
* Emblem of the Government-General of Algeria (1962)
* Seal of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (1958–1962)
* Emblem of the Republic of Algeria (1962–1971)
* Emblem of the Republic of Algeria (1971–1976)
* Emblem of the Republic of Algeria (1976–Present)
# 1999 Cincinnati Bearcats football team

The 1999 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team, coached by Rick Minter, played their home games in Nippert Stadium, as it has since 1924.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 4 | 4:30 p.m. | Kent State* | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH | | W 41–3 | 17,210 |
| September 11 | | No. 10 (I-AA) Troy State* | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH | | L 24–31 | 16,091 |
| September 18 | 2:16 p.m. | No. 9 Wisconsin* | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH | FSN | W 17–12 | 27,721 |
| September 25 | 12:00 p.m. | at No. 12 Ohio State* | Ohio StadiumColumbus, OH | ESPN Plus | L 20–34 | 93,407 |
| October 9 | 2:30 p.m. | at Houston | Robertson StadiumHouston, TX | | L 20–23 | 22,315 |
| October 16 | | UAB | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH | ESPN Plus | L 21–24 $^{OT}$ | 17,033 |
| October 23 | | at No. 21 Southern Miss | M. M. Roberts StadiumHattiesburg, MS | | L 20–28 | 24,012 |
| October 30 | 12:30 p.m. | at Miami (OH)* | Yager StadiumOxford, OH (Victory Bell) | | W 52–42 | 22,469 |
| November 6 | 3:30 p.m. | Louisville | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH (The Keg of Nails) | FSN | L 13–23 | 26,399 |
| November 13 | 3:30 p.m. | at No. 24 East Carolina | Dowdy–Ficklen StadiumGreenville, NC | | L 34–48 | 33,912 |
| November 20 | 3:30 p.m. | Memphis | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH (rivalry) | | L 13–21 | 14,058 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time ||||||||
# Donald Crane

Donald Reynolds Crane, Jr. (born February 5, 1934) is an American former politician in the state of Florida.
Crane was born in Summit, New Jersey. An insurance executive, he is an alumnus of the University of North Carolina. He served as a Republican in the Florida House of Representatives from 1973 to 1974, representing the 61st district. He previously briefly served the 52nd district in 1971.
# 1988 Northern Illinois Huskies football team

The 1988 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University as an independent during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Jerry Pettibone, the Huskies compiled a record of 7–4. Northern Illinois played home games at Huskie Stadium in DeKalb, Illinois.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | 6:30 pm | Akron | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL | W 7–6 | 7,033 |
| September 10 | 6:30 pm | Middle Tennessee* | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL | W 14–10 | 13,572 |
| September 17 | 1:00 pm | at Wisconsin* | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI | W 19–17 | 46,869 |
| September 24 | 7:00 pm | at Minnesota* | Hubert H. Humphrey MetrodomeMinneapolis, MN | L 20–31 | 40,007 |
| October 1 | 1:00 pm | Southwest Missouri State* | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL | W 17–3 | 14,127 |
| October 8 | 6:30 pm | at Toledo* | Glass BowlToledo, OH | L 20–33 | 17,038 |
| October 15 | 4:00 pm | at Southwestern Louisiana | Cajun FieldLafayette, LA | L 0–45 | 27,300 |
| October 22 | 1:30 pm | at Southern Illinois* | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | W 10–9 | 13,000 |
| October 29 | 1:00 pm | Ball State* | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL (rivalry) | L 17–18 | 15,049 |
| November 5 | 1:00 pm | No. 2 Western Illinois* | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL | W 16–6 | 7,556 |
| November 12 | 1:00 pm | Western Michigan* | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL | W 15–7 | 2,329 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time |||||||
# Lucas Chávez (volleyball)

Lucas Matías Chávez (born April 3, 1982 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine volleyball player of Cyprus powerhouse Anorthosis Famagusta and Argentina men's national volleyball team. Chávez is 199 cm and weighs 95 kg.
He started his career with Club Italiano in Argentina and also played with Guaynabo Mets in Puerto Rico (2009–10) and Fenerbahçe Istanbul (2006–07) in Turkey and Hypo Tirol Innsbruck in Austria (2003–04). He was selected European Top Teams Cup Best Scorer in 2004 when he was playing for Innsbruck.
# 1973 Bowling Green Falcons football team

The 1973 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. In their sixth season under head coach Don Nehlen, the Falcons compiled a 7–3 record (2–3 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for third place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 266 to 209.
The team's statistical leaders included Reid Lamport with 1,084 passing yards, Paul Miles with 1,030 rushing yards, and Roger Wallace with 587 receiving yards.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 15 | at Syracuse* | | Archbold StadiumSyracuse, NY | W 41–14 | 18,254 |
| September 22 | at Dayton* | No. 20 | Baujan FieldDayton, OH | W 31–16 | |
| September 29 | Western Michigan | | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | W 31–20 | |
| October 6 | Toledo | | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH (rivalry) | W 49–35 | |
| October 13 | at Kent State | | Dix StadiumKent, OH (rivalry) | L 7–21 | 25,173 |
| October 20 | No. 20 Miami (OH) | | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | L 8–31 | 22,160 |
| October 27 | at Marshall* | | Fairfield StadiumHuntington, WV | W 24–21 | |
| November 3 | at Ohio | | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | L 23–24 | |
| November 10 | Eastern Michigan* | | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | W 31–7 | 14,219 |
| November 17 | Northern Illinois* | | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | W 21–20 | |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Erinn Smart

Erinn Smart (born January 12, 1980) is an American foil fencer who was a member of the United States fencing ream at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in the women's individual and team foil events. Smart is 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m), weighs 125 pounds (57 kg), and is coached by Buckie Leach. Smart's brother Keeth is also a nationally ranked competitive fencer who also started fencing with the Peter Westbrook Foundation.

## Early life and education

Smart was born in New York City, New York, and lived on Ocean Avenue in Brooklyn. Before taking up fencing, she had taken ballet, ice skating, tennis and track. After her father, an employee at Sports Illustrated, learned about a program aimed at encouraging minority participation in fencing, she began to take up the sport at age 11 at the Peter Westbrook Foundation, whose founder, Olympic saber bronze-medalist Peter Westbrook, has been her mentor. Her brother Keeth, 18 months her senior, took up the sport six months later.
Smart graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School, as a chemistry major, in 1997. She attended Barnard College at Columbia University in Manhattan, graduating in 2001 with a degree in economics. She fenced for the Columbia Lions fencing team. She was recognized as an NCAA All-American at Columbia. She worked for Lord Abbett, a financial firm, following the 2004 Olympics. She earned an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 2013.

## Fencing career

Smart was the United States National Champion in 1998, 2002, 2004, 2007, and 2008, and was ranked 11th at the 2003 World Championships. Both Smarts won at the 2004 U.S. Fencing National Championships in Atlanta, Georgia, with Erinn edging Hanna Thompson 13–11 in the semifinals, and then defeating three-time former Olympian Ann Marsh by 15–7 in the tournament final to take the title.
Smart was selected as an alternate for the United States team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, but did not participate in the competition. She outpointed sisters Iris and Felicia Zimmerman to earn a spot on the United States team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
Both Erinn and her brother Keeth were part of the United States team at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Both won silver medals in their team events.
# Cebu Provincial Detention and Rehabilitation Center

Cebu Provincial Detention and Rehabilitation Center (CPDRC) is a jail facility in Cebu, in Cebu Province, Philippines. It is a maximum-security prison with a capacity for 1,600 inmates.
The prison became well known for its rehabilitation program in 2005-2010, based on a program of choreographed exercise routines for the inmates. Known as CPDRC Dancing Inmates, the recordings of the various routines of the prisoners online supervised by the head of the prison Byron F. Garcia made them online celebrity sensations.

## In popular culture

Dancing inmates and jail cells can be seen in the visual documentary Samsara.
Although CPDRC is known for its Dancing Inmates, it has also appeared in a Hollywood film. The final boxing scene at the climax of the 2017 film A Prayer Before Dawn was filmed at CPRDC, as Thai authorities denied permission for filming in the real Klong Prem prison.
# Sowiniec, Lublin Voivodeship

Sowiniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jarczów, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Jarczów, 14 km (9 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 113 km (70 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Thoresby Colliery

Thoresby Colliery was a coal mine in north Nottinghamshire on the outskirts of Edwinstowe village. The mine, which opened in 1925, was the last working colliery in Nottinghamshire when it closed in 2015. The site has been cleared and is being redeveloped as a housing estate.

## History

Thoresby colliery opened in 1925.
The first two shafts in 1925 were sunk to 690 metres (2,260 ft). The shafts were deepened by 109 metres (358 ft) in the 1950s. After privatisation of the National Coal Board in the 1990s the mine was taken over by RJB Mining (later UK Coal as UK Coal Thoresby Ltd).
Coal seams worked by, or available to, the pit included the Top Hard seam, the Parkgate seam (after closure of Ollerton Colliery in 1994); the Deep Soft seam; and the High Hazels seam (working ceased 1983). In a 2009 underground visit, Roger Helmer, then a European MP in the East Midlands region, stated he hoped the newly developed Deep Soft resource would provide coal extraction for a further ten years.
In April 2014 it was announced that the pit would close by July 2015. In May 2014, the TUC and NUM commissioned a report from Orion Innovations which hypothesised the government could apply for EU funding of £63million to £74m, which could be offset by profit of £86m from £500million of projected sales of coal from Thoresby and Kellingley until 2018.
The loss of miners' earnings was calculated at £163m, with additionally £75million loss of tax payments and national insurance contributions from proposed continued working.
The colliery's 600 employees had been reduced to 360 by the time of the closure in July 2015. At the time of closure, Thoresby was one of the two last remaining deep-mined coal sources owned by UK Coal, together with Kellingley which closed soon after.
In 2015, the Thoresby Colliery Benevolent Fund, established in 1951, was wound up with £57,142 surplus which was distributed to five different local charities.

## Redevelopment

The site is being reclaimed and redeveloped by Harworth Group, with a ten-year plan into housing and associated infrastructure, named Thoresby Vale, Edwinstowe. Initial plans were to include a country park and with five acres set aside for a primary school. Local MP Mark Spencer mentioned that provision was also needed for a doctors' surgery, and hoped that section 106 monies could be used to upgrade the nearby traffic island and establish a passenger rail service extension to the Robin Hood Line.

## Thoresby Colliery Band

Thoresby Colliery Band is a brass band first established in 1948 mostly by coal mine workers. The band was invited to deliver an open-air performance at Queen Elizabeth's Academy's 450-year anniversary celebration weekend of 16–17 June, 2011.
Latterly, the band are based in Hardwick Village, Nottinghamshire.
# Richardson's Canal House

Richardson's Tavern is a historic Erie Canal inn and tavern located in the hamlet of Bushnell's Basin in Perinton, Monroe County, New York. Believed to be the only remaining establishment from the canal's earliest years, it dates to about 1818 when it was a stop on the stage coach route along the Irondequoit Valley and Irondequoit Creek, between Rochester and Canandaigua. Several expansions occurred during the 19th century. The tavern operated as a hotel until 1917 when it was converted to four apartments. In 1978, after having been abandoned since 1972, it was converted for use as a restaurant, Richardson's Canal House. The restaurant opened on Valentine's Day 1979. It has become one of the most noted restaurants in the county, and has even garnered nationwide recognition.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# 1999 Hampton Pirates football team

The 1999 Hampton Pirates football team represented Hampton University as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 1999 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by eight-year head coach Joe Taylor, the Pirates compiled an overall record of 8–4 with a mark of 5–3 in conference play, placing third in MEAC. Hampton was invited to the Heritage Bowl, where the Pirates beat Southern. The team played home games at Armstrong Stadium in Hampton, Virginia

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 4 | Delaware State | | Armstrong StadiumHampton, VA | W 21–0 | |
| September 11 | Howard | | Armstrong StadiumHampton, VA | W 28–27 | |
| September 18 | vs. Arkansas–Pine Bluff* | | Trans World DomeSt. Louis, MO (Gateway Classic) | W 26–13 | 33,400 |
| September 25 | vs. Grambling State* | | Giants StadiumEast Rutherford, NJ (Whitney Young Memorial Classic) | W 27–7 | 41,074 |
| October 2 | vs. No. 9 Southern* | No. 8 | RCA DomeIndianapolis, IN (Circle City Classic) | L 6–21 | 50,622 |
| October 9 | at North Carolina A&T | No. 13 | Aggie StadiumGreensboro, NC | L 24–41 | |
| October 16 | at Norfolk State | | William "Dick" Price StadiumNorfolk, VA | W 28–27 | |
| October 23 | Florida A&M | | Armstrong StadiumHampton, VA | L 6–41 | |
| October 30 | South Carolina State | | Armstrong StadiumHampton, VA | W 39–27 | |
| November 6 | at Bethune–Cookman | | Daytona StadiumDaytona Beach, FL | L 27–34 | |
| November 13 | Morgan State | | Armstrong StadiumHampton, VA | W 34–14 | |
| December 18 | vs. No. 17 Southern* | | Georgia DomeAtlanta, GA (Heritage Bowl) | W 24–3 | 29,561 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# 1988 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team

The 1988 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southern Mississippi as an independent during the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first year under head coach Curley Hallman, the team compiled a 10–2 record and won the 1988 Independence Bowl.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | Stephen F. Austin | M. M. Roberts StadiumHattiesburg, MS | W 21–7 | 15,032 |
| September 10 | at No. 10 Florida State | Doak Campbell StadiumTallahassee, FL | L 13–49 | 53,129 |
| September 17 | Virginia Tech | M. M. Roberts StadiumHattiesburg, MS | W 35–13 | 17,135 |
| September 24 | at East Carolina | Ficklen Memorial StadiumGreenville, NC | W 45–42 | 28,240 |
| October 1 | Louisville | M. M. Roberts StadiumHattiesburg, MS | W 30–23 | 17,584 |
| October 8 | at Tulane | Louisiana SuperdomeNew Orleans, LA (rivalry) | W 38–13 | 22,704 |
| October 15 | vs. Mississippi State | Mississippi Veterans Memorial StadiumJackson, MS | W 38–21 | 38,542 |
| October 22 | at Southwestern Louisiana | Cajun FieldLafayette, LA | W 27–14 | 23,599 |
| October 29 | Memphis State | M. M. Roberts StadiumHattiesburg, MS (rivalry) | W 34–27 | 25,594 |
| November 5 | at No. 9 Auburn | Jordan–Hare StadiumAuburn, AL | L 8–38 | 73,787 |
| November 12 | at Louisiana Tech | Joe Aillet StadiumRuston, LA (rivalry) | W 26–19 | 7,500 |
| December 23 | vs. UTEP | Independence StadiumShreveport, LA (Independence Bowl) | W 38–18 | 20,242 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Cartier Champion Three-year-old Colt

The Cartier Champion Three-year-old Colt is an award in European horse racing, founded in 1991, and sponsored by Cartier SA as part of the Cartier Racing Awards. The award winner is decided by points earned in group races plus the votes cast by British racing journalists and readers of the Racing Post and The Daily Telegraph newspapers.

## Records

Leading trainer (6 wins):
* Aidan O'Brien – Galileo (2001), Rock of Gibraltar (2002), George Washington (2006), Camelot (2012), Magician (2013), St Mark's Basilica (2021), City of Troy (2024)
Leading owner (8 wins):
* Michael Tabor – Montjeu (1999), Galileo (2001), Hurricane Run (2005), George Washington (2006), Camelot (2012), Magician (2013), St Mark's Basilica (2021), City of Troy (2024)
# Sołtysy, Lublin Voivodeship

Sołtysy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Uhruska, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine.