# Henderson County, Illinois

Henderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 6,387. Its county seat is Oquawka. Henderson County is part of the Burlington, IA–IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Henderson County was formed in 1841 from a portion of Warren County. It was named for Henderson County, Kentucky, which was named for Richard Henderson, founder of the Transylvania Company, an early attempt to organize what later became Kentucky around 1775.
* Henderson County at the time of its creation in 1841

## Geography

According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 395 square miles (1,020 km$^2$), of which 379 square miles (980 km$^2$) is land and 16 square miles (41 km$^2$) (4.1%) is water.

### Climate and weather

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Oquawka have ranged from a low of 15 °F (−9 °C) in January to a high of 85 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −26 °F (−32 °C) was recorded in February 1996 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in August 1983. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.31 inches (33 mm) in January to 4.48 inches (114 mm) in July.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 34
* Illinois Route 94
* Illinois Route 96
* Illinois Route 116
* Illinois Route 164

### Adjacent counties

* Mercer County - north
* Warren County - east
* McDonough County - southeast
* Hancock County - south
* Lee County, Iowa - southwest
* Des Moines County, Iowa - west

## Demographics

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 7,331 people, 3,149 households, and 2,127 families residing in the county. The population density was 19.3 inhabitants per square mile (7.5/km$^2$). There were 3,827 housing units at an average density of 10.1 per square mile (3.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 98.2% white, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.4% were German, 14.5% were Irish, 11.9% were English, 5.9% were Swedish, and 5.0% were American.
Of the 3,149 households, 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.5% were non-families, and 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.78. The median age was 47.2 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $43,450 and the median income for a family was $55,154. Males had a median income of $41,052 versus $27,426 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,492. About 7.8% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and politics
### Government
#### County Board

| Office | Name | Party |
| County Board at-large | Kim Gullberg | Republican |
| County Board at-large | Bill Knupp | Republican |
| County Board at-large | Kurt McChesney | Republican |
| County Board at-large | Todd Miller | Republican |
| County Board at-large | Janet Stubbs | Republican |

#### County Officials

| Office | Name | Party |
| Circuit Clerk | Sandra Keane | Republican |
| Coroner | John Fedler | Republican |
| State's Attorney | Susan Maxwell-Schneider | Republican |

### Courts
#### Judicial Court

| Office | Name | Party |
| 9th Circuit Court | Bruce Beal | Independent |
| 9th Circuit Court | James Standard | Independent |
| 9th Circuit Court | Nigel Graham | Republican |
| 9th Circuit Court | Rodney Clark | Independent |
As part of Yankee-settled Northern Illinois, Henderson County was solidly Whig in its first three elections and then equally Republican from that party's formation until the Great Depression. Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 was the first Democrat to win it, but the county returned to Republican Alf Landon in 1936 and was not won by a Democrat until the GOP nominated the southern-oriented conservative Barry Goldwater in 1964.
After that, like many Yankee counties, it returned to its Republican roots between 1968 and 1984, but turned reliably Democratic in presidential elections from 1988 to 2012. Republican Donald Trump carried the county with over 61 percent of the vote in 2016; the highest percentage won by any Republican candidate since Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956, and for then Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton, it was the lowest by a Democrat since Al Smith in 1928. Republican margins have continued to improve in each subsequent election as rural Illinois shifts sharply to the right and native son Barack Obama is no longer on the ballot, with Trump's 68% in 2024 marking the best Republican result since 1928. The county's new Republican dominance has extended to the local level as well, with Republicans going entirely unchallenged for county office.
Henderson County is located in Illinois's 17th Congressional District and is currently represented by Democrat Eric Sorensen. For the Illinois House of Representatives, the county is located in the 94th district and is currently represented by Republican Randy Frese. The county is located in the 47th district of the Illinois Senate, and is currently represented by Republican Jil Tracy. Along with five other counties, Henderson County makes up Illinois's 9th Judicial Circuit Court.
United States presidential election results for Henderson County, Illinois :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 2,369 | 68.27% | 1,026 | 29.57% | 75 | 2.16% |
| 2020 | 2,394 | 65.48% | 1,187 | 32.47% | 75 | 2.05% |
| 2016 | 2,155 | 61.26% | 1,155 | 32.83% | 208 | 5.91% |
| 2012 | 1,541 | 43.19% | 1,978 | 55.44% | 49 | 1.37% |
| 2008 | 1,541 | 40.25% | 2,215 | 57.85% | 73 | 1.91% |
| 2004 | 1,857 | 44.71% | 2,269 | 54.64% | 27 | 0.65% |
| 2000 | 1,708 | 44.18% | 2,030 | 52.51% | 128 | 3.31% |
| 1996 | 1,233 | 34.07% | 1,953 | 53.97% | 433 | 11.96% |
| 1992 | 1,310 | 32.36% | 2,013 | 49.73% | 725 | 17.91% |
| 1988 | 1,726 | 45.17% | 2,085 | 54.57% | 10 | 0.26% |
| 1984 | 2,289 | 53.51% | 1,969 | 46.03% | 20 | 0.47% |
| 1980 | 2,443 | 57.54% | 1,609 | 37.89% | 194 | 4.57% |
| 1976 | 2,210 | 50.15% | 2,152 | 48.83% | 45 | 1.02% |
| 1972 | 2,689 | 60.62% | 1,744 | 39.31% | 3 | 0.07% |
| 1968 | 2,224 | 53.62% | 1,635 | 39.42% | 289 | 6.97% |
| 1964 | 1,863 | 45.07% | 2,271 | 54.93% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 2,572 | 60.19% | 1,697 | 39.71% | 4 | 0.09% |
| 1956 | 2,743 | 65.08% | 1,469 | 34.85% | 3 | 0.07% |
| 1952 | 2,839 | 65.98% | 1,458 | 33.88% | 6 | 0.14% |
| 1948 | 2,336 | 60.87% | 1,465 | 38.17% | 37 | 0.96% |
| 1944 | 2,695 | 63.34% | 1,550 | 36.43% | 10 | 0.24% |
| 1940 | 3,264 | 61.81% | 1,977 | 37.44% | 40 | 0.76% |
| 1936 | 2,663 | 51.02% | 2,496 | 47.82% | 61 | 1.17% |
| 1932 | 1,815 | 42.55% | 2,372 | 55.60% | 79 | 1.85% |
| 1928 | 2,695 | 71.11% | 1,065 | 28.10% | 30 | 0.79% |
| 1924 | 2,879 | 72.87% | 803 | 20.32% | 269 | 6.81% |
| 1920 | 2,747 | 76.65% | 740 | 20.65% | 97 | 2.71% |
| 1916 | 2,528 | 58.50% | 1,611 | 37.28% | 182 | 4.21% |
| 1912 | 648 | 27.84% | 721 | 30.97% | 959 | 41.19% |
| 1908 | 1,547 | 62.23% | 820 | 32.98% | 119 | 4.79% |
| 1904 | 1,668 | 65.67% | 708 | 27.87% | 164 | 6.46% |
| 1900 | 1,772 | 61.98% | 976 | 34.14% | 111 | 3.88% |
| 1896 | 1,756 | 62.80% | 962 | 34.41% | 78 | 2.79% |
| 1892 | 1,352 | 55.94% | 921 | 38.11% | 144 | 5.96% |

## Communities
### City

* Dallas City (partly in Hancock County)

### Villages

* Biggsville
* Gladstone
* Gulfport
* Lomax
* Media
* Oquawka
* Raritan
* Stronghurst

### Unincorporated communities

* Bald Bluff
* Carman
* Carthage Lake
* Decorra
* Hopper
* Olena
* Shokonon
* Terre Haute

### Townships

Henderson County is divided into eleven townships:
* Bald Bluff
* Biggsville
* Carman
* Gladstone
* Lomax
* Media
* Oquawka
* Raritan
* Rozetta
* Stronghurst
* Terre Haute

### State and Federal facilities

* Big River State Forest - 2,900 acre preserve adjacent to the Mississippi River (1925)
* Delabar State Park - 89 acre preserve adjacent to the Mississippi River (1960)
* Oquawka State Wildlife Refuge