# Fannin County, Georgia

Fannin County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,319. It is one of the most rural counties in Georgia due its location in the Appalachian Mountain Range, with about 90% of the population of Fannin County living in unincorporated lands. The county seat and largest city is Blue Ridge. The county was created on January 21, 1854, and is named after James Fannin, a veteran who fought in the Texas Revolution.

## History

Prior to European colonization, the area that is now Fannin County was inhabited by the Cherokee people and other Indigenous peoples for thousands of years.
Fannin County was founded on January 12, 1854, taken from 396 square miles that were previously part of Gilmer and Union counties. The county is named for Georgia native James W. Fannin, who fought and died during the Texas Revolution.
Although the county was majority pro-secession at the beginning of the Civil War, wartime conditions inspired a notable number of anti-Confederate "Tories" as early as 1862, many of whom re-located to pro-Union areas of Tennessee for the duration. This contributed to the postwar establishment of a countywide Republican Party earlier and more sustained than almost any other county in Georgia.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 392 square miles (1,020 km$^2$), of which 387 square miles (1,000 km$^2$) is land and 5.2 square miles (13 km$^2$) (1.3%) is water. The county is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
The Toccoa River, which rises in adjacent Union County, flows northward across Fannin County into Tennessee, where it becomes the Ocoee River. Blue Ridge Lake, created in the 1930s by the completion of Blue Ridge Dam (now operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority), spans a substantial stretch of the river in the northern part of the county.
The vast majority of Fannin County is located in the Ocoee River sub-basin of the Middle Tennessee-Hiwassee basin. A very small northeastern portion of Fannin County is located in the Hiwassee River sub-basin of the same Middle Tennessee-Hiwassee basin. Illustrating that watershed boundaries and county boundaries have little in common, Fannin County's southernmost corner is located in the Etowah River sub-basin in the ACT River Basin (Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin), while two slivers of the county's southwestern area are located in the Coosawattee River sub-basin of the same larger ACT River Basin. Finally, a western portion of the county is located in the Conasauga River sub-basin of the ACT River Basin.

### Adjacent counties

* Cherokee County, North Carolina - northeast
* Union County - east
* Dawson County - southeast
* Lumpkin County - southeast
* Gilmer County - southwest
* Murray County - west
* Polk County, Tennessee - north

### National protected area

* Chattahoochee National Forest (part)

## Transportation
### Major highways

* U.S. Route 76
* State Route 2
* State Route 5
* State Route 60
* State Route 60 Spur
* State Route 515

### Secondary highways

* Old U.S. Highway 76 Also Old S.R. 2
* Loving Road
* Old S.R. 2
* Aska Road
* Madola Road
* Lebanon Road
* Mobile Road
* Curtis Switch Road
* Galloway Road
* Doublehead Gap Road
* Skeenah Gap Road

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Fannin County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 19,312 | 22,761 | 23,351 | 97.55% | 96.11% | 92.23% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 22 | 75 | 85 | 0.11% | 0.32% | 0.34% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 88 | 68 | 85 | 0.44% | 0.29% | 0.34% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 47 | 72 | 113 | 0.24% | 0.30% | 0.45% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 6 | 3 | 0.01% | 0.03% | 0.01% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 1 | 17 | 55 | 0.01% | 0.07% | 0.22% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 197 | 252 | 874 | 1.00% | 1.06% | 3.45% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 130 | 431 | 753 | 0.66% | 1.82% | 2.97% |
| Total | 19,798 | 23,682 | 25,319 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 25,319 people, 10,408 households, and 7,083 families residing in the county.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 23,682 people, 10,187 households, and 7,016 families living in the county. The population density was 61.2 inhabitants per square mile (23.6/km$^2$). There were 16,207 housing units at an average density of 41.9 units per square mile (16.2 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.1% white, 0.4% black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 18.6% were Irish, 13.3% were American, 11.5% were English, and 9.5% were German.
Of the 10,187 households, 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.1% were non-families, and 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.77. The median age was 48.3 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $34,145 and the median income for a family was $41,422. Males had a median income of $34,875 versus $27,097 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,103. About 12.2% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.0% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 19,798 people, 8,369 households, and 6,008 families living in the county. The population density was 51 people per square mile (20 people/km$^2$). There were 11,134 housing units at an average density of 29 units per square mile (11 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 99.9% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.0% from other races, and 0.0% from two or more races. 0.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 8,369 households, out of which 25.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.80% were married couples living together, 8.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.20% were non-families. 25.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.80.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.90% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 24.90% from 25 to 44, 28.20% from 45 to 64, and 19.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,612, and the median income for a family was $35,258. Males had a median income of $28,728 versus $21,246 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,269. About 10.20% of families and 12.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.10% of those under age 18 and 14.20% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities
### Cities

* Blue Ridge
* McCaysville
* Morganton

### Census-designated places

* Epworth
* Mineral Bluff (incorporated until 1995)

### Unincorporated communities

* Hemptown
* Albany
* Aska

## Politics

Politically, Fannin County is a massive outlier in Georgia. As an entirely white highland county historically devoid of slaves, it is one of the few ancestrally Republican counties in a state that was heavily Democratic nationally until the 1960s, and at other levels, well into the 1990s. Since the 1870s, it has been solidly Republican, displaying voting patterns similar to those of East Tennessee. As a result, in 1968, it was one of eight counties in Georgia where George Wallace came in third. Fannin was the only county in the Deep South that never voted for Franklin D. Roosevelt; in 1936, it was the only county in Georgia that voted for Alf Landon. Only three Democrats have won an absolute majority in the county since the Civil War: Samuel J. Tilden in 1876, William Jennings Bryan in 1900, and Georgia native Jimmy Carter in 1976, when he carried every county in his home state. Besides Carter, Woodrow Wilson was the only Democrat to win even a plurality of the county's vote in the 20th century. Bill Clinton is the last Democrat to win even 40 percent of the county's vote; he, Carter, Lyndon Johnson and Harry Truman are the only Democrats since FDR to cross that barrier.
The current county government consists of a three-member county commission consisting of a chairman and commissioners representing two posts.
United States presidential election results for Fannin County, Georgia :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 13,232 | 81.89% | 2,807 | 17.37% | 119 | 0.74% |
| 2020 | 12,169 | 81.95% | 2,570 | 17.31% | 110 | 0.74% |
| 2016 | 9,632 | 81.10% | 1,923 | 16.19% | 321 | 2.70% |
| 2012 | 7,857 | 78.10% | 2,028 | 20.16% | 175 | 1.74% |
| 2008 | 7,807 | 73.35% | 2,611 | 24.53% | 225 | 2.11% |
| 2004 | 6,862 | 71.01% | 2,727 | 28.22% | 75 | 0.78% |
| 2000 | 5,463 | 65.11% | 2,736 | 32.61% | 191 | 2.28% |
| 1996 | 3,373 | 48.67% | 2,741 | 39.55% | 816 | 11.77% |
| 1992 | 3,255 | 45.24% | 2,902 | 40.33% | 1,038 | 14.43% |
| 1988 | 4,271 | 66.45% | 2,123 | 33.03% | 33 | 0.51% |
| 1984 | 4,159 | 67.91% | 1,965 | 32.09% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 3,196 | 54.83% | 2,526 | 43.34% | 107 | 1.84% |
| 1976 | 2,646 | 43.75% | 3,402 | 56.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 3,783 | 79.95% | 949 | 20.05% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 3,475 | 58.98% | 1,229 | 20.86% | 1,188 | 20.16% |
| 1964 | 3,433 | 54.77% | 2,834 | 45.21% | 1 | 0.02% |
| 1960 | 3,022 | 65.68% | 1,579 | 34.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 3,521 | 64.42% | 1,945 | 35.58% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 2,904 | 60.29% | 1,913 | 39.71% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 2,790 | 57.29% | 1,998 | 41.03% | 82 | 1.68% |
| 1944 | 1,980 | 60.40% | 1,298 | 39.60% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 2,256 | 56.02% | 1,771 | 43.98% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 1,890 | 55.10% | 1,540 | 44.90% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 1,967 | 58.86% | 1,375 | 41.14% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1928 | 1,730 | 68.08% | 811 | 31.92% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 1,650 | 60.40% | 1,079 | 39.49% | 3 | 0.11% |
| 1920 | 1,083 | 66.36% | 549 | 33.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 166 | 9.13% | 720 | 39.58% | 933 | 51.29% |
| 1912 | 164 | 17.75% | 451 | 48.81% | 309 | 33.44% |
| 1908 | 681 | 61.85% | 420 | 38.15% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1904 | 504 | 49.41% | 456 | 44.71% | 60 | 5.88% |
| 1900 | 367 | 40.78% | 533 | 59.22% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1896 | 920 | 64.29% | 507 | 35.43% | 4 | 0.28% |
| 1892 | 646 | 58.89% | 431 | 39.29% | 20 | 1.82% |
| 1888 | 692 | 64.55% | 374 | 34.89% | 6 | 0.56% |
| 1884 | 442 | 61.05% | 282 | 38.95% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1880 | 302 | 46.82% | 343 | 53.18% | 0 | 0.00% |