OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Satpal Ram

Satpal Ram is a British man who was charged and convicted of killing Clarke Pearce in Birmingham, England during a fight in 1986. His case has drawn some controversy due to alleged mistreatment by the courts and the British prison system due to his racial background.

## Background

According to Satpal Ram, he and two friends visited a restaurant in November 1986. While there, an altercation broke out among Ram and his two friends and another group of six people also in the restaurant. The argument, which was initially over Asian music being played on the restaurant's radio system, became a physical fight. Ram said that he stabbed one of the party of six, Clarke Pearce, in self-defence after Pearce attacked him with a broken bottle. Pearce was taken to hospital with knife wounds and later died. Consequently, Satpal Ram was arrested for murder and convicted in 1987.

## Controversy

Later debate and controversy arose among the British media when it was alleged that his barrister did not meet with him and only saw him for about forty minutes before the trial. The jury was claimed to have also missed vital evidence because no interpreter was provided to translate for a Bengali-speaking waiter who had been present at the incident. It is also alleged that the judge was to have said he would interpret but also that he couldn't speak the Bengali language. Artists such as Asian Dub Foundation and Bobby Gillespie have championed Ram's cause.
Other reports of Ram being beaten, starved, repeatedly strip-searched, and made to spend large periods of time in solitary confinement also arose, resulting in accusations of racism within the criminal justice system.
The protest for Ram's release from prison involved a song by the Asian Dub Foundation entitled "Free Satpal Ram".

## Release

Satpal Ram was released from Blantyre House Prison on parole in June 2002. His initial release, as recommended by the parole board in 2000, was overturned by the Home Secretary at the time, Jack Straw. His release in 2002 resulted from a European Court of Human Rights ruling which stated that government executives such as the Home Secretary had no right to overrule a decision of a parole board.
# Oreovac (Niš)

Oreovac is a village situated in Niš municipality in Serbia.
# Jon Beckwith

Jonathan Roger Beckwith (born December 25, 1935, in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American microbiologist and geneticist. He is the American Cancer Society Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Biography

He trained with Sydney Brenner, Arthur Pardee, and François Jacob at the Institut Pasteur in France before arriving at Harvard University.

## Research

Beckwith led the research group that in 1969 isolated the first gene from a bacterial chromosome. Some of the researchers worked in the Beckwith laboratory at the Harvard Medical School and consisted of several now well-known scientists and doctors including James A. Shapiro and Lawrence Eron, MD.; others (Lorne MacHattie and Garret Ihler) were located in the laboratory of Charles Thomas. The procedure used was devised by Garret Ihler and Karin Ippen. Complementary strands of the gene, carried within non-complementary strands of viral DNA, from viruses transducing the gene in reverse orientations which had been separated by a poly U,G density-gradient technique, were annealed to form double-stranded DNA. The single-stranded DNA was then removed using a single-strand specific DNase under investigation in the Thomas laboratory, leaving the double-stranded gene intact. The elegant electron micrographs of the pre- and post-digested DNA were taken by MacHatty in the Thomas laboratory. Before and following this experiment, Beckwith made important contributions to the study of bacterial genetics. His studies include the mechanisms of protein secretion, disulfide bond formation, and cell division. In addition, he is a prominent speaker on the social implications of science and has been an activist in science. He spoke out against the testing of boys for XYY chromosomes and was a member of the ELSI (Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications) committee of the Human Genome Project initiated by James D. Watson. He has worked on issues of social responsibility in science and since 1983 has taught a course on the Social Issues in Biology at Harvard University, one of the first of its kind. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1986.

## Honors

In 2005 he received the Abbott-ASM Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society for Microbiology for "sustained, remarkable contributions to the microbiological sciences". Beckwith was the 2009 recipient of the Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology from the National Academy of Sciences.
Beckwith is a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

## Selected publications

* Beckwith, Jon; Ard, Catherine; Asch, Adrienne; Alper, Joseph S., eds. (2004). The Double-Edged Helix: Social Implications of Genetics in a Diverse Society. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7926-5.
* Beckwith, Jonathan R. (2002). Making Genes, Making Waves: A Social Activist in Science. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00928-8.
# Hexton Manor

Hexton Manor is a country house in Hexton, Hertfordshire that has been home to the Lautour family, descendants of the Dukes of Bouillon and Major Sir Patrick Ashley Cooper.

## History

Hexton, the land where the manor stands, has been settled and its land has been cultivated for over 5000 years. The Hexton Manor is neighbours with the Ravensburgh Castle (a pre-Roman fortified settlement) to its west. The Manor of Hexton started as part of the estate of St Albans Abbey until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1541 at which point it was given away from the church. The estate was owned by seventeen different families although it ended up with the Poyntz family under Newdigate Poyntz.
Hexton Manor started as a farmhouse in the 17th century, although was enlarged into a manor house in the 18th century. In 1820 the then owner, Joseph Andrew de Lautour and his wife Caroline Young de Lautour enlarged the house further. De Lautour inherited the property through his wife Caroline Young who was the daughter of William Young, the illegitimate child of Patrick Murray, 5th Lord Elibank who had priorly owned the Hexton Estate. The manor remained in the de Lautour family until it was purchased by George Hodgson, a rich textile merchant, in 1901 who enlarged and rebuilt it into its current form. Hodgson later sold the house to the businessman and politician Sir Patrick Ashley Cooper in 1918. Whilst owning the estate, Patrick Ashley Cooper served as High Sheriff of Hertfordshire and Deputy Lieutenant of Hertfordshire.
The Hexton Manor was initially put up for sale in 2018 via the estate agents, Savills for a guide price of £18.5 Million. It was again put on the market in 2022 again via Savills, this time for £15 Million and was later in the year listed on Knight Frank estate agents as well.
North Herts Council has granted conditional listed building consent in 2025 for internal alternation to the Hexton Manor. the council has agreed upon the following alterations: Creating a wine room, installing plumbing, renovating the timber panelling in the dining room and the hall, installing trench heaters in the ground floor, adding underfloor heating system, and electrical works on the first and second floor.
# Joseph Bessala

Joseph Bessala (1 January 1941 – 25 April 2010) was a welterweight boxer from Cameroon.

## Amateur

In 1965, Bessala won the All-Africa Games in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. He twice won the African Championships in welterweight: in 1966 in Lagos$1, Nigeria, (prevailing over Ghanaian, Eddie Blay in the final) and 1968 in Lusaka, Zambia, where he prevailed in the final fight over the Zambian, Julius Luipa, whom he beat again at the Olympic Games. He won the silver medal at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. In the final, he was lost to East Germany's Manfred Wolke.

### Amateur highlights

* 1965 won the All-Africa Games in Brazzaville, Congo. Beat in the final Issake Dabore (Nigeria) by TKO-2.
* 1966 won the African Championships in Lagos, Nigeria. Beat Eddie Blay (Ghana) in the final.
* 1968 won the African Championships in Lusaka, Zambia. Beat Julius Luipa (Zambia) in the final.

### 1968 Olympic results

Below are the results of Joseph Bessala, a welterweight boxer from Cameroon, who competed at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics:
* Round of 64: bye
* Round of 32: defeated Luis Gonzales (Chile) on points, 5–0
* Round of 16: defeated Julius Luipa (Zambia) by a second-round knockout
* Quarterfinal: defeated Victor Zilberman (Romania) by a third-round technical knockout
* Semifinal: defeated Mario Guilloti (Argentina) on points, 5–0
* Final: lost to Manfred Wolke (East Germany) on points, 1-4 (was awarded silver medal)

## Professional

In October, Bessala started his professional career with a victory, where he defeated the Belgium's Jean-Pierre Heirmann with a first-round technical knockout. Six victories, one draw, and yet another five victories followed. In November 1974, the last victory over Eddie Blay from Ghana, who had won the bronze medal in the class of super lightweight in 1964, gained Bessala the African title in the welterweight class. The title was taken from him by Salem Ouedraogo from the Côte d'Ivoire in January 1976. After a longer break, Bessala gained back the African title from his fellow countryman, Bechir Boundka in June 1978. He aimed to defend this title again in his 16th fight, but Mimoun Mohatar from Morocco knocked him out in the 12th round in December 1978. Bessala retired from boxing shortly thereafter.
# Mohanty

Mohanty (Odia: ମହାନ୍ତି) is a Odia surname native to Odisha used by Karan community, it is also used in neighbouring states of Odisha such as Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Telangana.

## Notable people

* Akshaya Mohanty (1937–2002), a music personality from Odisha, India
* Anubhav Mohanty, a movie star from Odisha, India
* Babushaan Mohanty, an Ollywood star
* Bijay Mohanty (1950–2020), an Indian actor
* Byomakesh Mohanty (1957–2010), an Indian artist and academic
* Chandi Prasad Mohanty, Vice chief of Army staff
* Chandra Talpade Mohanty (born 1955), a postcolonial and transnational feminist theorist
* Debashish Mohanty (born 1976), an Indian cricketer
* Deepak Mohanty, the executive director at the head office of RBI, Mumbai
* Durga Charan Mohanty (1912–1985), a dharmic writer
* Gopinath Mohanty (1914–1991), a novelist
* Indrajit Mahanty, Chief Justice of Rajasthan high court
* Jagadish Mohanty (born 1951), a fiction writer
* Jitendra Nath Mohanty, a professor emeritus at Temple University
* Leena Mohanty (born 1972), leading exponent of Odissi dance
* Rituraj Mohanty, the winner of 2014 edition of India's Raw Star
* Sanghamitra Mohanty (1953–2021), Indian computer scientist
* Saraju Mohanty, professor at the University of North Texas (UNT) in Denton, Texas
* Surendra Mohanty (1922–1990), Odia writer and Politician
* Uttam Mohanty (1958–2025), Indian film and television actor
# List of poets portraying sexual relations between women

This is a list of poets portraying sexual relations between women, who may include both lesbians and other WSW. The major poetic works depicting relationship among women are shown next to the respective poet's name in italics.
Notably, the word "lesbian" derives from Lesbos, due to the description of female homosexual love prominently featured in the poetry of Sappho of Lesbos.

## Poets and their works

* Adrienne Rich – Twenty-one Love Poems; Dream of a Common Language
* Amy Lowell – Picture of the Floating World; Two Speak Together
* Anna de Noailles – Love Poem; Book of My Life
* Audre Lorde – Cables to Rage, Martha
* Becky Birtha – The Forbidden Poems
* Carol Ann Duffy – Feminine Gospels; Love Poems
* Cherríe Moraga – La Guera
* Chrystos – In Her I Am
* Edna St Vincent Millay – Women Have Loved Before as I Love Now; What Lips My Lips Have Kissed
* Eileen Myles – Sappho's Boat; Irony of the Leash
* Elizabeth Bishop – North and South
* Ellen Bass – Mules of Love
* Gertrude Stein – Three Sisters Who Are Not Sisters
* H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) – Hymen
* Jane Eaton Hamilton – Body Rain; Love Will Burst into a Thousand Shapes
* Judy Grahn – She Who; Love Belongs to Those Who Do the Feeling
* Kamala Das – The Descendants
* Kay Ryan – Erratic Facts
* Marilyn Hacker – Hang Glider's Daughter; Love, Death and Changing Seasons
* Mary Dorcey – Noise from the Woodshed
* Mary Oliver – Thirst; Night Traveler; Sleeping in the Forest
* May Swenson – Another Animal
* Mercedes de Acosta – Moods; Streets and Shadows; Archways of Life
* Michael Field – Works and Days (love diary); Poems of Adoration
* Michelle Tea – Rent Girl; Rose of No Man's Land; Passionate Mistake and Intricate Corruption of One Girl in America
* Monique Wittig – Women Warriors (a novel)
* Natalie Clifford Barney – Other Alliances; Indiscreet Souvenirs
* Nella Nobili – Les femmes et l'amour homosexuel
* Otep Shamaya – Little Sins
* Pat Parker – Child of Myself
* Renée Vivien – A Woman Appeared to Me
* Rita Mae Brown – Songs to a Handsome Woman; Venus Envy
* Robin Becker – All American Girl
* Sappho – Ode to Aphrodite
* Sarah Pinder – Cutting Room
* Sophia Parnok – Roses of Pieria
* Tapan Kumar Pradhan – Three Women in One
* Taslima Nasrin – Game of the Girls; Hunger in the Roots
* Trista Mateer – Aprodite Made Me Do It

## Lesbian periodicals, journals and literary magazines

See List of lesbian periodicals

### History and criticism

* Lesbianism in Germany: 1890s to 1920s. Lillian Faderman and Brigitte Eriksson.
* Passions Between Women: British Lesbian Culture 1668–1801. Emma Donoghue
* Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America. Lillian Faderman
* Lesbian Texts and Contexts: Radical Revisions, ed. Karla Jay and Joanne Glasgow, New York University Press 1990
* The Literature of Lesbianism, ed. Terry Castle, Columbia University Press 2003

## Awards for lesbian literature

* Golden Crown Literary Society
* Lambda Literary Award
* Awards from the Publishing Triangle
* Gaylactic Spectrum Award (GLBT science fiction, fantasy and horror)
* Ferro-Grumley Literary Prize
# Daoud Naji

Daoud Naji also spelled as Dawood Naji (Persian: داوود ناجی) is an ethnic Hazara politician, political activist and journalist from Afghanistan. He was senior political adviser to the Afghan National Security Council. Before he joined the government, he was a senior leader of the Enlightenment Movement of Afghanistan and the Tabassum movement. Daoud Naji has previously been a BBC Radio journalist and worked for BBC World Service for 14 years. As of September 2024, he is the head of the political committee of the Afghanistan Freedom Front.

## Early life and education

Daoud Naji was born on 17 June 1973 in Malistan, Ghazni province. He has a bachelor's degree in Persian language and literature from the Faculty of Language and Literature at Balkh University. When the Taliban came to power, he left Mazar-e-Sharif and went to Jaghori, Ghazni province, where he worked as a teacher. In year 2000 he immigrated to Quetta, Pakistan and established the Albironi elementary School for refugees, which later became a high school. In 2002, he began working with BBC Persian as a local reporter in Helmand and Kandahar. In 2006, he moved to London to continue his job as a senior producer in BBC Persian. In 2009, he became the new Editor-in-Chief of BBC Persian online, the most visited website in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Iran, for Persian speakers around the world. During 2011 and 2012, he began training online for Afghan journalists in a joint project with the support of the BBC and media action. In 2014, he started writing for the daily Etilaat-e-Roz. Currently, he is a member of the editor's board of daily Etilaat-e-Roz. Daoud Naji has participated in several international conferences as a reporter.
# Priest Lauderdale

Priest Lauderdale (born August 31, 1973) is an American-Bulgarian former professional basketball player.

## College career

Lauderdale attended high school at Carver Military Academy, in Chicago, Illinois. After high school, Lauderdale played college basketball at Central State University, in Wilberforce, Ohio, where he played with the Central State Marauders (1993–1994). Lauderdale also attended Kaskaskia College, in Centralia, Illinois, but he did not play competitive basketball while he was there.

## Professional career

After college, Lauderdale, a 7'4" (2.24 m) tall, 330 lbs. (150 kg), center, played professionally in the Greek Basket League. He played with Peristeri Athens, during the 1995–96 season. He also played in the Greek League All-Star Game that season.
Lauderdale was selected in the first round, with the 28th overall pick of the 1996 NBA draft, by the Atlanta Hawks. Lauderdale saw action in 35 NBA regular season games played with the Atlanta Hawks, in the 1996–97 season. He averaged 3.2 points, as well as 1.2 rebounds per contest, and he also played in three playoff games for Atlanta that season. He concluded his brief NBA career with the Denver Nuggets, in the 1997–98 season, in which he averaged 3.7 points and 2.6 rebounds per game, in 39 games played for the team. Lauderdale also played with the Fort Wayne Fury, in the Continental Basketball Association, and with the Connecticut Pride, in the International Basketball League, during the 2000–01 season.
Lauderdale played professionally with the Bulgarian Basketball League club Lukoil Academic, from 2002 to 2005. While he was a member of the club, he received Bulgarian citizenship.
During his pro club career, Lauderdale also played in numerous other countries besides Greece and Bulgaria, including: Venezuela, Cyprus, Saudi Arabia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, China, Iraq, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom.

## Coaching career

Lauderdale has worked as a basketball coach at youth camps in Germany.
# Romanów, Lublin County

Romanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bychawa, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
# Gerald Savory

Gerald Douglas Savory (17 November 1909 – 9 February 1996) was an English writer and television producer who specialised in comedies.

## Early life

The son of Kenneth Douglas Savory and actress Grace Lane (1877–1956), Savory was educated at Bradfield College and worked as a stockbroker's clerk before turning to the stage (Hull Repertory Theatre Company 1931–33), first as an actor then a writer.

## Career

Savory's play George and Margaret, written while out of work as an actor, ran for two years at Wyndham's Theatre and a year at the Piccadilly. It then transferred to Broadway, where it ran for 86 performances, and was later filmed. His earliest work in the film industry was as a dialogue writer for director Alfred Hitchcock's Young and Innocent (1937).
Savory lived in the USA in the 1940s and 50s writing for film and television, and became an American citizen. After returning to England in the mid 1950s he became a writer, producer and production manager for Granada Television, producing five episodes of ITV Play of the Week; adapting Saki, J.B. Priestley, Noël Coward and Tennessee Williams for television. He then joined BBC Television, first as Head of Serials, then Head of Plays. He produced the unsuccessful series Churchill's People (1975–76) for the BBC and Love in a Cold Climate (1980) for Thames Television.

## Personal life

Savory was married four times but had no children other than a stepson by his fourth wife. His first marriage, to writer Teo Dunbar, ended in divorce. In 1950, he married American actress Althea Murphy (1916–1952), who died of leukemia in 1952. In 1953, he married actress Annette Carell, who died by suicide in 1967. He was survived by his fourth wife, actress Sheila Brennan, whom he married in 1970.
Savory died in England on 9 February 1996.

## Plays

* George and Margaret 1937 (377 performances in the West End, filmed in 1940)
* Hand in Glove 1944 with Charles K. Freeman based on his own novel Hughie Roddis
* A Likely Tale 1957
* A Month of Sundays 1957
* So Many Children 1959
* Cup and Saucer 1961
* Twinkling of an Eye 1965

## Novels

* Hughie Roddis 1942
* Behold This Dreamer 1943

## Television

* South, 24 November 1959, ITV Play of the Week (adaptation)
* Count Dracula, 1977
* Mapp and Lucia, Series One 1985; Series Two 1986
# Battle of Kashgar (1933)

In 1933 Battle of Kashgar (Chinese: 喀什戰役), Gen. Ma Zhancang signed a secret agreement with the daotai of Kashgar, Ma Shaowu, and his Chinese Muslim troops joined the Han Chinese garrison inside the yamen in Kashgar and helped them repulse Uighur and Kirghiz attacks led by Abdullah Bughra. Turkic Uighur and Kirghiz forces led by the Uighur Timur Beg had been attacking Chinese Muslim villages and pillaging them. During the fighting Timur Beg was shot and then beheaded by Ma Zhancang's forces, his head being put on display at the Idgah mosque. When more Chinese Muslim troops arrived, they reinforced the Chinese garrison inside Kashgar. Osman Ali, the Kirghiz rebel, attempted to attack the yamen, but was driven back with heavy losses. He then proceeded to loot the city.
On September 26, 1933, the Syrian Arab Tawfiq Bay led a Turkic force against the Chinese Muslims in Kashgar new city. Ma Zhancang repulsed the attack after very heavy fighting, and wounded Tawfiq Bay.
# Promised Land (2002 film)

Promised Land is a 2002 film based on the 1978 English translation of the award-winning Afrikaans novel, Na die Geliefde Land (1972) by the South African author, Karel Schoeman.
The film was directed by Jason Xenopoulos and starred Nick Boraine; other cast included Lida Botha, Wilma Stõckenstrom, Louis van Niekerk, Tobie Cronje, Grant Swanby, Daniel Browde, Ian Roberts, Dan Robbertse and Yvonne van den Bergh. It was made on a budget of just over R15 (~2US$).
In 2002, it won the Best Screenplay Award at the Tokyo International Film Festival.
# Ansalonga

Ansalonga (Catalan pronunciation:) is a village in Andorra, located in the parish of Ordino in the north of the country.
# Brandon Phelps (Illinois politician)

Brandon Phelps (born September 10, 1970) is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 118th District from January 2003 to September 2017. The 118th district, located in Southern Illinois, includes all or parts of Anna, Belknap, Belle Prairie City, Brookport, Broughton, Buncombe, Burnside, Cairo, Carbondale, Carrier Mills, Cave-In-Rock, Cypress, Dahlgren, Dongola, East Cape Girardeau, Eddyville, Eldorado, Elizabethtown, Equality, Galatia, Golconda, Goreville, Harrisburg, Joppa, Junction, Karnak, Makanda, Marion, McClure, McLeansboro, Metropolis, Mound City, Mounds, New Grand Chain, New Haven, Old Shawneetown, Olive Branch, Olmsted, Omaha, Pulaski, Raleigh, Ridgway, Rosiclare, Shawneetown, Simpson, Stonefort, Tamms, Thebes, Ullin, and Vienna. He resigned on September 1, 2017.
Phelps is the nephew of former U.S. Representative David D. Phelps.
Phelps sponsored the Illinois Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox Amendment in the Illinois House of Representatives.