# List of political parties in Indonesia

Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In the six legislative elections since the fall of the New Order regime, no political party has won an overall majority of seats, resulting in coalition governments.
Pursuant to the Indonesian political parties act, political parties' ideologies "must not be against Pancasila" and "is an explanation of Pancasila".

## Overview

The Indonesian political party system is regulated by Act No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties. The law defines political party as "a national organisation founded by like-minded Indonesian citizens with common goals to fulfill common interests and to defend the unity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as based on Pancasila and the 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia".
Political parties must register themselves with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights to be recognised by the authority. The law dictates that political parties' registration criteria shall include a notarial act recognising the party establishment and party constitution; a document describing party symbols; address of party headquarters and prove of distribution of party local offices in provinces, and cities and regencies; and a prove of party bank account. The law also dictates minimum membership of new political parties on 50 persons, with the percentage of woman members and allocation of woman members to party offices are set on a minimum of 30%.

### Electoral eligibility

The party must undergo another registration process in order to participate in national elections; the registration shall be submitted to the General Elections Commission (KPU). Several criteria are required by the KPU, namely related to the party's presence in Indonesia's regions:
* A formal leadership in all provinces of Indonesia;
* A formal leadership in at least 75 percent of all regencies and cities in each province;
* A formal leadership in at least half of districts in a regency or city in which the party has a formal leadership;
* A card-holding membership of at least 1,000 or 1/1000 of the local population in the district branches.
Political parties who have had their registration declined by the electoral commission due to failure to satisfy administrative criteria or other reasons are able to appeal their rejection to the General Election Supervisory Agency (BAWASLU). Specifically for regional political parties in Aceh, the first requirement is waived, while the second and third requirements are set at two-thirds of the regencies/cities and districts.

### Party principles

Indonesian political parties should recognise the superiority of Pancasila and the national constitution, but Indonesian law tolerates the practice of other ideologies not in violation of the Pancasila and the constitution. A 1966 Provisional People's Consultative Assembly resolution still in force today, however, explicitly prohibits establishment of a communist party, and political parties are banned from adopting "Communism/Marxism-Leninism" (sic; explicitly defined in the resolution's corresponding explanatory memorandum to include "the struggle fundaments and tactics taught by ... Stalin, Mao Tse Tung et cetera") as the party ideology.
In essence, Indonesian political parties differs little on party policy and ideology. The only major difference between Indonesian parties is their position as to how major a role Islam, by far the nation's majority religion, should play in public affairs. This tendency resulting in several Indonesian political parties to brand itself as the part of nationalist-religious broad coalition in order to attract potential voters from both Muslim or Islamist and secular nationalist groups. Thus, for instance, (1) the Democratic Party (Demokrat), Party of Functional Groups (Golkar) and Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) are identified as the secular, (2) the National Awakening Party (PKB) and National Mandate Party (PAN) as the Muslim, but not Islamist, and (3) the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) and United Development Party (PPP) as the Islamist.
The language of the left–right political spectrum is seldom used in Indonesia, in contrast with other countries. This tendency arose as the result of the New Order regime under Suharto which was anathema to left-wing policies after the 1965–66 Indonesian mass killings of members and supporters of the Communist Party of Indonesia. The New Order regime further stigmatised left-wing ideals as those espoused only by communists, discouraging Indonesian political parties from identifying themselves as left-wing movements lest they lose potential voters and be accused as communist. This tendency has survived even after the 1998 Reforms, partly due to the new regime's insistence on keeping anti-communist legislation in force. In addition, due to how widely presidents shared power, Indonesian party cartelization differs significantly from canonical electoral alliances in Europe.

### Funding

Political parties which won seats in the national or regional parliaments are eligible for funding from the central or local governments, based on number of votes received in the relevant legislative elections. The funding amount is set for Rp 1,000 per vote received at the national level, Rp 1,200 at the provincial level, and Rp 1,500 at the city/regency level. Local government can opt to allocate more funding to political parties - Jakarta, for example, paid in 2021 Rp 5,000 per vote received. After the 2019 election, this amounted to Rp 126 billion (USD 8 million) from the central government on an annual basis. This payout only made up a small proportion of party revenues – the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, for example, raised just 1.5 percent of its reported revenue from government funding. Donations and fees from elected officials made up a larger proportion of income.

## Parties represented in legislatures
### Parties represented in national and regional legislatures

| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Name | Leader | Year | Year | Status in the DPR | Status in the DPR | Provincial DPRD seats | City/regency DPRD seats |
| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Name | Leader | Est. | First election | Seats | Status | Provincial DPRD seats | City/regency DPRD seats |
| | | PDI-P | PDI-P | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 1999 | 1999 | 110 / 580 | Confidence and supply | 389 / 2,372 | 2,810 / 17,510 |
| | | Golkar | Golkar | Party of Functional Groups Partai Golongan Karya | Bahlil Lahadalia | 1964 | 1971 | 102 / 580 | Government | 365 / 2,372 | 2,521 / 17,510 |
| | | Gerindra | Gerindra | Great Indonesia Movement Party Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya | Prabowo Subianto | 2008 | 2009 | 86 / 580 | Government | 323 / 2,372 | 2,120 / 17,510 |
| | | NasDem | NasDem | NasDem Party Partai NasDem | Surya Paloh | 2011 | 2014 | 69 / 580 | Confidence and supply | 265 / 2,372 | 1,849 / 17,510 |
| | | PKB | PKB | National Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa | Muhaimin Iskandar | 1998 | 1999 | 68 / 580 | Government | 220 / 2,372 | 1,833 / 17,510 |
| | | PKS | PKS | Prosperous Justice Party Partai Keadilan Sejahtera | Ahmad Syaikhu | 1999 | 1999 | 53 / 580 | Confidence and supply | 210 / 2,372 | 1,312 / 17,510 |
| | | PAN | PAN | National Mandate Party Partai Amanat Nasional | Zulkifli Hasan | 1998 | 1999 | 48 / 580 | Government | 160 / 2,372 | 1,236 / 17,510 |
| | | Demokrat | Demokrat | Democratic Party Partai Demokrat | Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono | 2001 | 2004 | 44 / 580 | Government | 206 / 2,372 | 1,479 / 17,510 |

### Parties represented only in regional legislatures

These parties participated in the 2024 elections but failed to attain a single seat in the national House of Representatives after winning less than the parliamentary threshold of 4% of the popular vote. Notable failures were of the United Development Party, which lost all its seats in the 2024 election after having been represented in DPR since 1977, and Hanura, which won DPR seats in 2009 and 2014 but lost them in 2019 and failed to recover their seats in 2024.
Despite electoral failure in the DPR, these parties successfully gained seat in regional parliaments (DPRD). Although, these political parties, along with other extra-parliamentary parties, are sometimes referred as partai gurem.
Aceh's special autonomy statutes allowed formation of local political parties to compete only in the Aceh House of Representatives. Although the party number is serialised from the national list, Aceh local parties only appeared in ballot paper circulating in Aceh province.
| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Name | Leader | Year | Year | Provincial DPRD seats | City/regency DPRD seats |
| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Name | Leader | Est. | First election | Provincial DPRD seats | City/regency DPRD seats |
| | | PPP | PPP | United Development Party Partai Persatuan Pembangunan | Muhamad Mardiono | 1973 | 1977 | 83 / 2,372 | 850 / 17,510 |
| | | Hanura | Hanura | People's Conscience Party Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat | Oesman Sapta Odang | 2006 | 2009 | 42 / 2,372 | 486 / 17,510 |
| | | PSI | PSI | Indonesian Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Indonesia | Kaesang Pangarep | 2014 | 2019 | 33 / 2,372 | 149 / 17,510 |
| | | Perindo | Perindo | Indonesian Unity Party Partai Persatuan Indonesia | Angela Tanoesoedibjo | 2015 | 2019 | 31 / 2,372 | 349 / 17,510 |
| | | PBB | PBB | Crescent Star Party Partai Bulan Bintang | Fahri Bachmid | 1998 | 1999 | 12 / 2,372 | 164 / 17,510 |
| | | PKN | PKN | Nusantara Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Nusantara | Anas Urbaningrum | 2022 | 2024 | 4 / 2,372 | 52 / 17,510 |
| | | Garuda | Garuda | Change Indonesia Guardian Party Partai Garda Perubahan Indonesia | Ahmad Ridha Sabana | 2015 | 2019 | 3 / 2,372 | 34 / 17,510 |
| | | Gelora | Gelora | Indonesian People's Wave Party Partai Gelombang Rakyat Indonesia | Anis Matta | 2019 | 2024 | 1 / 2,372 | 72 / 17,510 |
| | | Ummat | Ummat | Ummah Party Partai Ummat | Ridho Rahmadi | 2021 | 2024 | 0 / 2,372 | 20 / 17,510 |
| | | PB | PB | Labour Party Partai Buruh | Said Iqbal | 2021 | 2024 | 0 / 2,372 | 11 / 17,510 |
| Parties represented only in Aceh ||||||||||
| | | PA | PA | Aceh Party Partai Aceh | Muzakir Manaf | 2007 | 2009 | 20 / 81 | 116 / 665 |
| | | PAS Aceh | PAS Aceh | Aceh Just and Prosperous Party Partai Adil Sejahtera Aceh | Tu Bulqaini Tanjongan | 2023 | 2024 | 3 / 81 | 16 / 665 |
| | | PNA | PNA | Nanggroe Aceh Party Partai Nanggroe Aceh | Irwandi Yusuf | 2011 | 2014 | 1 / 81 | 21 / 665 |
| | | PDA | PDA | Aceh Abode Party Partai Darul Aceh | Muhibbussabri A. Wahab | 2007 | 2009 | 1 / 81 | 7 / 665 |
| | | SIRA | SIRA | Independent Solidity of the Acehnese Party Partai Soliditas Independen Rakyat Aceh | Muslim Syamsuddin | 2007 | 2009 | 0 / 81 | 3 / 665 |

## Extra-parliamentary parties

These political parties have no representation in either national or regional parliaments.
The term "partai gurem" (minor party, literally "tropical fowl mite party" referring to the small size) is commonly used by Indonesian media to refer to these political parties. The term initially referred to political parties that won a very small number of parliamentary seat, but after the 2004 election, to political parties that have no chance of surpassing the parliamentary threshold (currently 4%) necessary to gain representation on the House of Representatives. These political parties are often perceived to be lacking in organisational structure, their leaders seemingly interested solely in attracting media attention.
These parties often have their attempts at registering for elections turned down by the KPU due to the parties' failure to satisfy registration criteria set by the commission, which includes completeness of party documents, a permanent physical party headquarters, minimum membership and minimum percentage of woman members. Parties that had their registration rejected often resort to appealing their rejection to the Bawaslu, with varied success.
| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Leader | Year | Year |
| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Leader | Est. | Contested elections |
| | | PKP | Justice and Unity Party Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan | Yussuf Solichien | 1999 | 2019 |
| | | Berkarya | Party of Functional Banyan Partai Beringin Karya | Muchdi Purwopranjono | 2016 | 2019 |
| | | PBI | Indonesian Bhinneka Party Partai Bhinneka Indonesia | Nurdin Purnomo | 1998 | 1999 |
| | | Republik | Republican Party Partai Republik | Suharno Prawiro | 1998 | 1999 |
| | | Reformasi | Reform Party Partai Reformasi | Syamsahril Kamal | 2000 | |
| | | PPB | National Unity Party Partai Pemersatu Bangsa | Eggi Sudjana | 2001 | |
| | | Pakar | Republican Functional Party Partai Karya Republik | Ari Sigit | 2012 | |
| | | Parsindo | Indonesian People's Voice Party Partai Swara Rakyat Indonesia | M Jusuf Rizal | 2013 | |
| | | Rakyat | People's Party Partai Rakyat | Arvindo Noviar | 2014 | |
| | | PDRI | Indonesian People's Democracy Party Partai Demokrasi Rakyat Indonesia | Ambarwati Santoso | 2015 | |
| | | Pandai | Indonesian Sovereign Nation Party Partai Negeri Daulat Indonesia | Farhat Abbas | 2020 | |
| | | Masyumi | Masyumi Party Partai Masyumi | Ahmad Yani | 2020 | |
| | | PRIMA | Just and Prosperous People's Party Partai Rakyat Adil Makmur | Agus Jabo Priyono | 2021 | |
| | | PPB | National Guide Party Partai Pandu Bangsa | Widyanto Kurniawan | 2021 | |
| | | Perkasa | Village Awakening Movement Party Partai Pergerakan Kebangkitan Desa | Eko Santjojo | 2021 | |
| | | PKR | People's Sovereignty Party Partai Kedaulatan Rakyat | Tuntas Subagyo | 2021 | |
| | | PMI | Indonesian Students Party Partai Mahasiswa Indonesia | Eko Pratama | 2021 | |
| | | IBU | Awaken and United Indonesia Party Partai Indonesia Bangkit Bersatu | Zulki Zulkifli Noor | 2021 | |
| | | PDSP | Prosperous Peace Party of Renewal Partai Damai Sejahtera Pembaharuan | Hendrik RE Assa | 2021 | |
| | | PDKB | National Peace and Love Party Partai Damai Kasih Bangsa | Apri Hananto Sukandar | 2021 | |
| | | Pelita | Pelita Party Partai Pelita | Ari Chandra Kurniawan | 2022 | |
| | | Republiku | Indonesian Republiku Party Partai Republiku Indonesia | Ramses David Simandjuntak | | |
| | | PRS | One Republic Party Partai Republik Satu | D Yusad Siregar | | |
| | | Kongres | Congress Party Partai Kongres | Zakariani Santoso | | |
| | | PP | Party of Change Partai Perubahan | Robi Nurhadi | 2024 | |
| Parties that are not registered in the KPU RI Political Party Registration System |||||||
| | | SRI | Union of Independent People Serikat Rakyat Independen | Damianus Taufan | 2011 | |
| | | PHI | Green Party of Indonesia Partai Hijau Indonesia | Collective leadership | 2012 | |
| | | PDRI | Indonesian People's Da'wah Party Partai Dakwah Rakyat Indonesia | Farid Okbah | 2021 | |

## Political party coalitions

Outside of the Suharto period, no political parties controlled a majority of the Indonesian parliament, necessitating the formation of coalitions. Coalitions may also be required to nominate candidates to executive office elections (i.e. President, Governors, Regents, Mayors and their deputies), and political parties often form coalitions for regional elections with parties which are on opposing coalitions at the national level.
| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Active period | Status | Presidential candidate | Election | DPR seats |
| Logo | Name | Name | Name | Active period | Status | Presidential candidate | Election | DPR seats | Formed | Disbanded |
| | | PPPKI | Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People Pemufakatan Perhimpunan-Perhimpunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia | 1927–1942 | Disbanded | — | | | 17–18 December 1927 | 20 March 1942 |
| | | GAPI | Indonesian Political Federation Gabungan Politik Indonesia | 1939–1942 | Disbanded | — | | | 21 May 1939 | 20 March 1942 |
| | | PT | Central Axis Poros Tengah | 1999–2004 | Disbanded | Abdurrahman Wahid | 1999 | 163 / 462 | 7 October 1999 | 20 October 2004 |
| | | Bangsa | National Coalition [id] Koalisi Kebangsaan | 2004–2009 | Disbanded | Megawati Sukarnoputri | 2004 | 307 / 550 | 19 August 2004 | 16 May 2009 |
| | | Rakyat | People's Coalition [id] Koalisi Kerakyatan | 2004–2009 | Continued (Joint Secretariat of the Government-Supporting Coalition Parties) | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 2004 | | 28 August 2004 | 16 May 2009 |
| | | SetGab | Joint Secretariat of the Government-Supporting Coalition Parties Sekretariat Gabungan Partai Koalisi Pendukung Pemerintahan | 2009–2014 | Disbanded | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | 2009 | 317 / 560 | 16 May 2009 | 20 October 2014 |
| | | KIH | Great Indonesia Coalition [id] Koalisi Indonesia Hebat | 2014–2018 | Continued (Onward Indonesia Coalition) | Joko Widodo | 2014 | 207 / 560 | 19 May 2014 | 10 August 2018 |
| | | KMP | Red-White Coalition [id] Koalisi Merah Putih | 2014–2018 | Disbanded | Prabowo Subianto | 2014 | 292 / 560 | 14 July 2014 | 18 September 2018 |
| | | KIM | Onward Indonesia Coalition Koalisi Indonesia Maju | 2018–2024 | Disbanded | Joko Widodo | 2019 | 349 / 575 | 10 August 2018 | 20 October 2024 |
| | | KIAM | Just and Prosperous Indonesia Coalition [id] Koalisi Indonesia Adil Makmur | 2018–2019 | Disbanded | Prabowo Subianto | 2019 | 226 / 575 | 18 September 2018 | 28 June 2019 |
| | | KIM | Advanced Indonesia Coalition Koalisi Indonesia Maju | since 2022 | Active | Prabowo Subianto | 2024 | 280 / 580 | 13 August 2022 | |
| | | KP | Coalition of Change Koalisi Perubahan | 2023–2024 | Disbanded | Anies Baswedan | 2024 | 190 / 580 | 24 March 2023 | 30 April 2024 |
| | | KSPP | Alliance of Political Parties Supporting Ganjar Pranowo Kerja Sama Partai Politik Pengusung Ganjar Pranowo | 2023–2024 | Disbanded | Ganjar Pranowo | 2024 | 110 / 580 | 30 April 2023 | 6 May 2024 |

## Historical political parties
### Pre-independence parties

In the first decade of the 20th century as a natural outcome of the Dutch Ethical Policy, which emphasised the importance of looking after the welfare of the people of the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch were tolerant of the rise and development of Indonesian society. Through this, the Dutch allowed the creation of education societies and funded its creation. Dutch educated Intelligentsias' would establish schools and education across the Dutch East Indies. Whilst the policy attempted to raise awareness among the natives of the need to break free from the shackles of the feudal system and develop along Western lines and were concerned about the native population's social and cultural conditions, it spearheaded the spread of Indonesian National Revivalism, allowing people to silently organize and articulate their objections to colonial rule. The Budi Utomo was considered the first nationalist society (not party yet) in the Dutch East Indies, initiated the Indonesian National Awakening. Among other political organizations were the Indo Europeesch Verbond (Indo-European Alliance) and Indonesia Arab Association. Over time organizations turned into political parties, such how Budi Utomo turned into Parindra and Sarekat Islam into Indonesian Islamic Union Party. The Indische Partij is considered the first Indonesian political party. Years of campaigning by various political organizations across the Dutch East Indies eventually compelled the Dutch Government to recognize the need for concessions. As a result, on 16 December 1916, Governor-General J.P. van Limburg Stirum, in collaboration with the Dutch Minister of Colonial Affairs, Thomas Bastiaan Pleyte, sanctioned the establishment of a legislative assembly designed to represent the people of the Dutch East Indies. This assembly was named the Volksraad.
The Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies began when the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies through Tarakan, Kalimantan, on 8 March 1942. By the Japanese Government, parties that were based on Indonesian nationalism and wanted to fight for Indonesian Independence were dissolved and banned from political activities on 20 March 1942.
| Name | Name | Established | Dissolved | Notes | Independence method |
| Indies Party Indische Partij | IP | 1912 | 1913 | Advocated Indonesian independence. | Non-cooperative |
| Insulinde, or Nationaal Indische Partij | NIP | 1913 | 1919 | Direct successor to the Indies Party, advocated in establishing an independent dominion for Indo people in the Dutch East Indies. | Non-cooperative |
| Sundanese Circle of Friends Paguyuban Pasundan | Sundanese Circle of Friends Paguyuban Pasundan | 1913 1919 | 1942 | Advocated to preserve Sundanese culture by involving not only Sundanese people but all those who care about Sundanese culture and to pursue Indonesian Independence | Cooperative |
| Communist Party of Indonesia Partai Komunis Indonesia | PKI | 1914 | 1966 | Before 1920 as the Indies Social Democratic Association (Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging). | Non-cooperative |
| Indies Catholic Party Indische Katholieke Partij | IKP | 1917 | 1949 | Made as a response to the emergence of nationalist inlander movements, it represented Dutch totok Roman Catholic interests. It had close ties with its mainland counterpart, the Roman Catholic State Party. | Dutch party |
| Christian Constitutional Party Christenlijk Staatkundige Partei | CSP | 1917 | 1942 | Before 1929 as the Christian Ethic Party (Christelijk Ethische Partij). Advocated to make the statutes of God, as revealed in the Holy Scriptures, nature, and history, the foundation of political life in the Dutch East Indies. Also invited native Indonesians, which was rare for a Dutch-majority party at the time. Precursor to Parkindo. | Dutch party |
| Indonesian Islamic Union Party Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia | PSII | 1923 | 1973 | Advocated Islamic socialism. | Non-cooperative |
| Catholic Party Partai Katolik | PK | 1923 | 1973 | Split from IKP. Advocated for Christian democracy for natives. | Cooperative |
| Indonesian National Party Partai Nasional Indonesia | PNI | 1927 | 1931 | The first incarnation (second in 1945) of the significant party, which advocated Indonesian independence. | Non-cooperative |
| Chinese Association Chung Hwa Hui | CHH | 1928 | 1942 | Advocated Chinese rights in the Dutch East Indies. | Cooperative |
| Indonesian Party Partai Indonesia | Partindo | 1931 | 1936 | Advocated Indonesian independence. | Non-cooperative |
| National Socialist Movement in the Dutch East Indies Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederlands-Indië | National Socialist Movement in the Dutch East Indies Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederlands-Indië | 1931 | 1940 | East Indies branch of the NSB. Most of its members were Indos. | Dutch party |
| Indonesian Chinese Party Partai Tionghoa Indonesia | PTI | 1932 | 1942 | Advocated closer ties between Chinese and native Indonesians. | Cooperative |
| Indonesian Fascist Party Partai Fasis Indonesia | PFI | 1933 | 1933 | Advocated an independent Java, led by an ethnic Javanese descendant of Sutawijaya as its constitutional monarch, ruling over a federation of kingdoms across Nusantara. | Non-cooperative |
| Great Indonesian Party Partai Indonesia Raya | Parindra | 1935 | 1939 | National conservative party, that advocated for full political rights for Indonesians in a system of government in the Dutch East Indies. | Cooperative |
| Indonesian People's Movement Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia | Gerindo | 1937 | 1942 | Successor to Partindo, left-wing nationalist party. | Cooperative |
| Indonesian Islamic Party Partai Islam Indonesia | PII | 1938 | 1942 | Cooperative split from PSII. | Cooperative |

### Political parties participating in 1955 and 1971 elections

The election in 1955 was the first national election held since the end of the Indonesian National Revolution, and saw over 37 million valid votes cast in over 93 thousand polling locations, with more than 30 parties participating. Due to the numerous political parties participating in the election, the result was inconclusive, with no party receiving a clear mandate. The legislature which was elected through the election would eventually be dissolved by President Sukarno in 1959, through Presidential Decree number 150. Later on, after the take over by the New Order regime, only 10 parties was allowed to participate in the 1971 legislative election.
| Logo | Name | Name | Established | Dissolved | Contested elections | Contested elections | Contested elections |
| Logo | Name | Name | Established | Dissolved | 1955 | 1955 | 1971 |
| Logo | Name | Name | Established | Dissolved | DPR | Constituency | 1971 |
| | Indonesian Islamic Union Party Partai Serikat Islam Indonesia | PSII | 1923 1947 | 1973 | | | |
| | Indonesian National Party Partai Nasional Indonesia | PNI | 1946 | 1973 | | | |
| | Communist Party of Indonesia Partai Komunis Indonesia | PKI | 1914 | 1966 Banned | | | |
| | Masyumi Party Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia | Masyumi | 1943 1945 | 1960 Banned Revived in 2020 | | | |
| | Islamic Education Movement Pergerakan Tarbijah Islamijah | Perti | 1928 1945 | 1973 | | | |
| | Nahdhatul Ulama | NU | 1952 | 1973 Still active as religious organisation | | | |
| | Indonesian Christian Party Partai Kristen Indonesia | Parkindo | 1945 | 1973 | | | |
| | Catholic Party Partai Katolik | Catholic Party Partai Katolik | 1923 | 1973 | | | |
| | Socialist Party of Indonesia Partai Sosialis Indonesia | PSI | 1945 | 1960 Banned | | | |
| | Indonesian Marhaen People's Union Persatuan Rakyat Marhaen Indonesia | Permai | 1945 | | | | |
| | Popular Consultative Party Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak | Murba | 1948 | 1973 Revived in 1998 | | | |
| | Labour Party Partai Buruh | Labour Party Partai Buruh | 1949 | | | | |
| | National People's Party Partai Rakyat Nasional | PRN | 1950 | | | | |
| | Indonesian People's Party Partai Rakyat Indonesia | PRI | 1950 | | | | |
| | League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia | IPKI | 1954 | 1973 Revived in 1998 | | | |
| | Pancasila Defender Movement Gerakan Pembela Pantja Sila | GPPS | 1955 | | | | |
| | Police Employee Association of the Republic of Indonesia Persatuan Pegawai Polisi Republik Indonesia | P3RI | 1955 | | | | |
| | Indonesian Citizenship Consultative Assembly Badan Permusjawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia | Baperki | 1954 | | | | |
| | Great Indonesia Unity Party Wongsonegoro Partai Indonesia Raya Wongsonegoro | PIR/W | 1948 Split in 1954 | | | | |
| | Great Indonesia Unity Party Hazairin Partai Indonesia Raya Hazairin | PIR/RIN | 1948 Split in 1954 | | | | |
| | Great Indonesia Unity Party West Nusa Tenggara Partai Indonesia Raya Nusa Tenggara Barat | PIR/NTB | 1948 Split in 1954 | | | | |
| | Indonesian Movement Gerakan Indonesia | Grinda | 1955 | | | | |
| | Dayak Unity Party Partai Persatuan Dayak | PPD | 1946 | 1959 Banned | | | |
| | Islamic Tharikah Unity Party Partai Persatuan Tharikah Islam | PPTI | | | | | |
| | Islamic Victory Force Angkatan Kemenangan Umat Islam | AKUI | | | | | |
| | Village People's Union Persatuan Rakjat Desa | PRD | | | | | |
| | Party of the People of Free Indonesia Partai Rakjat Indonesia Merdeka | PRIM | | | | | |
| | Young Communist Force Angkatan Communis Muda | Acoma | 1952 | 1965 Banned | | | |
| | Muslim Party of Indonesia Partai Muslimin Indonesia | Parmusi | 1967 | 1973 | | | |
| | R. Soedjono Prawirosoedarso R. Soedjono Prawirosoedarso | R. Soedjono Prawirosoedarso R. Soedjono Prawirosoedarso | 1955 | 1957 | | | |
| | Sundanese Choice Movement Gerakan Pilihan Sunda | Gerpis | | | | | |
| | Indonesian Peasants Party Partai Tani Indonesia | PTI | 1945 | | | | |
| | King of Keprabohan Radja Keprabonan | King of Keprabohan Radja Keprabonan | 1955 | | | | |
| | Indonesian Republican Bull Movement Gerakan Banteng Republik Indonesia | GBRI | | | | | |
| | Centre for the Candidacy Movement of La Ode M. Effendi Pusat Penggerak Pentjalonan La Ode M. Effendi | L.M. Idrus Effendi | 1955 | | | | |
| Parties that failed to enter or lost contested elections ||||||||
| | People's Heritage Party Partai Adat Rakyat | PAR | 1950 | 1959 | | | |

### Political parties of the New Order
#### Government parties

After his rise into power, President Suharto expressed his discontent regarding multiple political parties, arguing that the failure of Konstituante in 1955–1959 was caused by party deadlock — unacceptable in his regime. He proposed that existing political parties unite based on their ideological essence — either spiritual (religious) or materialist (secular nationalist) — in order to cripple the resulting umbrella parties with infighting. Political parties' reaction to Suharto's propositions was generally positive, with Islamic parties claiming that party fusion was in line with their last National Islamic Congress resolution agreed in 1969. A political alliance dubbed the "Democratic Development Group" was formed by the PNI, the IPKI, Parkindo, the Murba Party, and the Catholic Party to compete in 1971 election.
After 1971 election, New Order regime reiterated its call for political parties to fuse, and a MPR ordinance regulating political parties grouping issued in 1973 further pressured political parties to merge. All Islamic political parties merged to form the United Development Party (PPP) on 5 January 1973, and the remaining nationalist and non-Islamic political parties united to form the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) on 10 January 1973. Golkar, officially a "federation of public organisations" but effectively a political party, remained dominant for the entirety of the New Order. From 1985, all political parties were required to declare national ideology Pancasila as their "one and only ideological basis".
The parties participated for the last time in the 1997 election, and the three-party system survived until the collapse of the New Order in 1998 Reformasi. Ensuing political liberalisation allowed establishment of multitudes of new political parties, with the number of political parties participating in 1999 election jumping substantially to 48 parties.
| Name | Name | Established | Fate |
| Party of Functional Groups Partai Golongan Karya | Golkar | 1964 | Active |
| Indonesian Democratic Party Partai Demokrasi Indonesia | PDI | 1973 | Disbanded in 2003 succeeded by PPDI |
| United Development Party Partai Persatuan Pembangunan | PPP | 1973 | Active |

#### Activist parties

Prior to the end of the New Order era, there was a time where several political activists and student movements established small political parties in the early 1990s. Sensing the near fall of the New Order, the formation of these newly unregistered and unrecognized political parties was based on opposition to the New Order government and positioned themselves as the opposition and played a crucial part in the fall of the new order. The new parties then and only participated in the 1999 elections.
Whilst the New Masyumi Party predates the wave of the new opposition parties, the Indonesian Democratic Union Party (PUDI) was considered as the first genuine opposition party. As PUDI was upfront and outspoken in their political opposition as a party against the New Order regime, the first out of many. At one point, fielding both presidential and vice-presidential candidates, PUDI was considered a challenger to Suharto's rule. Emboldened by the success of PUDI, the Democratic People's Association (PRD) organisation declared itself the People's Democratic Party (also abbreviated as PRD). On 22 July 1996, the PRD was officially declared to the public and announced its political manifesto.
| Name | Name | Established | Fate |
| League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia | IPKI | 1994/1998 | Non-active |
| Indonesian National Party – Supeni Partai Nasional Indonesia – Supeni | PNI-Supeni | 1995/1998 | Disbanded in 2002. Merged to form the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism |
| New Masyumi Party Partai Masyumi Baru | New Masyumi Party Partai Masyumi Baru | 1995 | Non-active |
| Indonesian Democratic Union Party Partai Uni Demokrasi Indonesia | PUDI | 1996 | Non-active |
| People's Democratic Party Partai Rakyat Demokratik | PRD | 1996 | Disbanded in 2021 Merged with the Just and Prosperous People's Party |

### Political parties in Reform era (1998–2004)
#### Parties participating only in 1999 elections

Following political liberalisation after the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998 Reformasi, registration for new political parties jumped significantly. As the result, the following 1999 election had 148 registered political parties and 48 of them competing for DPR seats, compared to the previous 1997 election that saw only 2 political parties plus Golkar.
After the Reform, the PPP survived and continues to participate in all following elections after 1999, albeit with much of its membership having broken off from it and founded their own parties. Golkar too was made a proper party and exists to this day. The PDI failed to imitate the post-Suharto successes of the PPP and Golkar after the government intervened and unseated Chairman Megawati Soekarnoputri, causing PDI support to collapse in the 1997 election. PDI votes further eroded as support instead went to its breakaway Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), led by Megawati in the post-Suharto 1999 election, resulting in the party winning only two seats in contrast to the PDI-P's 153 seats. After poor electoral performance and failure to register for the 2004 election, PDI rebranded itself as the Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party (PPDI) in 2003.
Several parties claimed inheritance from former political parties existing prior to the New Order era, resulting in parties sharing similar political party names, with faction names as the only characteristics that made those parties distinct from each other. Example on this case was on claimants to the heritage of the former Indonesian National Party (PNI), Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII), League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IPKI), Masyumi Party, and Murba Party.
Most of the parties failed to gain even a single seat due to lack of votes. After the new electoral law authorised the use of a parliamentary threshold to determine the division of DPR seats, those parties were forced to reorganise themselves in order to be able to register for the next 2004 election.
Below is the list of political parties participating only in the 1999 election which failed to participate in the next 2004 election.
| Name | Name | Established |
| Aceh Orphans' Foundation Party Partai Abul Yatama | PAY | 1999 |
| All-Indonesia Workers' Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia | PSPSI | 1998 |
| Democratic Catholic Party Partai Katolik Demokrat | PKD | 1998 |
| Democratic Islamic Party Partai Islam Demokrat | PID | 1998 |
| Democratic National Party Partai Nasional Demokrat | PND | 1998 |
| Familial Consultative Party of Mutual Assistance Partai Musyawarah Kekeluargaan Gotong Royong | MKGR | 1998 |
| Indonesian Democratic Alliance Party Partai Aliansi Demokrat Indonesia | PADI | 1998 |
| Indonesian Democratic Union Party Partai Uni Demokrasi Indonesia | PUDI | 1996 |
| Indonesian Islamic Political Party "Masyumi" Partai Politik Islam Indonesia "Masyumi" | Indonesian Islamic Political Party "Masyumi" Partai Politik Islam Indonesia "Masyumi" | 1998 |
| Indonesian Islamic Ummah Party Partai Umat Muslimin Indonesia | PUMI | 1998 |
| Indonesian Islamic Union Party Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia | PSII | 1998 |
| Indonesian Islamic Union Party 1905 Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia 1905 | PSII 1905 | 1998 |
| Indonesian Muslim Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Muslim Indonesia | KAMI | 1998 |
| Indonesian National Christian Party Partai Kristen Nasional Indonesia | Krisna | 1998 |
| Indonesian National Party – Marhaenist Front Partai Nasional Indonesia – Front Marhaenis | PNI-FM | 1999 |
| Indonesian National Party – Marhaen Masses Partai Nasional Indonesia – Massa Marhaen | PNI-MM | 1998 |
| Indonesian National Party – Supeni Partai Nasional Indonesia – Supeni | PNI-Supeni | 1995 / 1998 |
| Indonesian National Union Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Uni Nasional Indonesia | SUNI | 1998 |
| Indonesian People's Party Partai Rakyat Indonesia | Pari | 1998 |
| Indonesian Workers' Party Partai Pekerja Indonesia | PPI | 1998 |
| Islamic Ummah Party Partai Ummat Islam | PUI | 1998 |
| League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia | IPKI | 1994 / 1998 |
| Love and Peace Party Partai Cinta Damai | PCD | 1998 |
| Murba Party Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak | Murba | 1998 |
| National Freedom Party Partai Kebangsaan Merdeka | PKM | 1998 |
| National Love Democratic Party Partai Demokrasi Kasih Bangsa | PDKB | 1998 |
| National Party of the Indonesian Nation Partai Nasional Bangsa Indonesia | PNBI | 1998 |
| New Indonesia Party Partai Indonesia Baru | PIB | 1999 |
| New Masyumi Party Partai Masyumi Baru | New Masyumi Party Partai Masyumi Baru | 1995 |
| People's Choice Party Partai Pilihan Rakyat | Pilar | 1998 |
| People's Sovereignty Party Partai Daulat Rakyat | PDR | 1999 |
| Justice Party Partai Keadilan | PK | 1999 |
| United Party Partai Persatuan | PP | 1999 |
| Ummah Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Umat | PKU | 1998 |
| Workers' Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Pekerja | PSP | 1999 |
| People's Democratic Party Partai Rakyat Demokratik | PRD | 1996 |

#### Parties participating in 2004 and 2009 elections

After the 1999 legislative election, 150 parties were registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. However, after a review by the newly formed General Election Commission, this number was reduced to 50, and then to 24. This decrease from the 48 parties that ran in the 1999 legislative election was primarily due to a new election law that allowed only parties that had won 2% of DPR seats or 3% of seats in provincial and regental legislatures in half of the provinces to run in the 2004 election. Only six parties met this criterion, and the others were forced to merge or reorganize into a new party.
In 2009, introduction of a parliamentary threshold also meant that only parties receiving more than 2.5% of the popular vote would be seated in the DPR. This threshold was raised to 3.5% in 2014, then finally to 4% in 2017 as a way to cut election costs and ensure stability. As a result small parties have no chance of surpassing the parliamentary threshold.
Below is the list of political parties participating in the 2004 and 2009 elections which failed to participate in the next 2014 election.
| Name | Name | Established | Dissolved | Contested elections | Contested elections |
| Name | Name | Established | Dissolved | 2004 | 2009 |
| Labour Party Partai Buruh | PB | 1998 As "National Labour Party" | 2021 Reformed into the Labour Party | | |
| Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion Partai Kasih Demokrasi Indonesia | PKDI | 1998 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party | | |
| Patriot Party Partai Patriot | | 1998 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party | | |
| Ulema National Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama | PKNU | 2000s | 2022 Merged into the People's Sovereignty Party (PKR) | | |
| Archipelago Republic Party Partai Republika Nusantara | RepublikaN | 2001 | 2013 Merged into the People's Conscience Party | | |
| Prosperous Peace Party Partai Damai Sejahtera | PDS | 2001 | 2013 Merged into the People's Conscience Party | | |
| Indonesian National Party Marhaenism Partai Nasional Indonesia Marhaenisme | PNIM | 2002 Merger of PNI–Supeni and PNI–MM | | | |
| Pioneers' Party Partai Pelopor | PP | 2002 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party | | |
| Reform Star Party Partai Bintang Reformasi | PBR | 2002 | 2011 Merged into the Gerindra Party | | |
| Regional Unity Party Partai Persatuan Daerah | PPD | 2002 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party | | |
| New Indonesia Association Party Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru | PPIB | 2002 | 2012 Merged to form Concern for the Nation Functional Party | | |
| Concern for the Nation Functional Party Partai Karya Peduli Bangsa | PKPB | 2002 | | | |
| Democratic Nationhood Party Partai Demokrasi Kebangsaan | PDK | 2002 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party | | |
| Freedom Party Partai Merdeka | PM | 2002 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party | | |
| Indonesian Unity Party Partai Sarikat Indonesia | PSI | 2002 | 2005 Merged into the National Mandate Party | | |
| Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia | PPNUI | 2003 | | | |
| Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party Partai Penegak Demokrasi Indonesia | PPDI | 2003 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party | | |

### Political parties in post-reform era (2005–present)

Below is the list of defunct political parties established in a period from 2005 to present.
| Name | Name | Established | Dissolved |
| Democratic Renewal Party Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan | PDP | 2005 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party |
| Sovereignty Party Partai Kedaulatan | PK | 2006 | 2013 Merged into the People's Conscience Party |
| National People's Concern Party Partai Rakyat Peduli Nasional | PPRN | 2006 | 2013 Merged into the People's Conscience Party |
| National Sun Party Partai Matahari Bangsa | PMB | 2006 | 2014 |
| Functional Party of Struggle Partai Karya Perjuangan | Pakar Pangan | 2007 | 2012 Merged into Democratic Party |
| Indonesian Youth Party Partai Pemuda Indonesia | PPI | 2007 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party |
| National Front Party Partai Barisan Nasional | PBN | 2007 | |
| Prosperous Indonesia Party Partai Indonesia Sejahtera | PIS | 2007 | 2011 Merged to form the National Unity Party |
| Nusantara Prosperous Party Partai Kemakmuran Bangsa Nusantara | PKBN | 2011 | 2012 Merged to form the Concern for the Nation Functional Party |
| New Indonesia National Sovereignty Party Partai Kedaulatan Bangsa Indonesia Baru | PKBIB | 2012 | |
| Peace and Safe Islamic Party Partai Islam Damai Aman | Idaman | 2015 | 2018 Merged into the National Mandate Party |

### Others
#### Indonesian integrationist parties

| Logo | Name | Name | Established | Dissolved | Notes |
| | Partai Kemerdekaan Indonesia Irian Indonesian Irian Independence Party | PKII | 1946 | 1962 | Founded in Netherlands New Guinea, advocated integration of Western New Guinea into Indonesia. |
| | Associação Popular Democrática Timorense Timorese Popular Democratic Association | APODETI | 1974 | 2007 | Founded in Portuguese Timor, advocated integration of East Timor into Indonesia. |