# Foreign relations of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan joined the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991. However, it is opposed to reintegration and withdrew from the CIS collective security arrangement in 1999. Since that time, Uzbekistan has participated in the CIS peacekeeping force in Tajikistan and in United Nations-organized groups to help solve the Tajik and Afghan conflicts, both of which it sees as posing threats to its own stability. Uzbekistan is an active supporter of U.S. efforts against worldwide terrorism and joined the coalitions which have dealt with both Afghanistan and Iraq (although, in 2005, relations with the U.S. were strained after the May 2005 unrest and Uzbekistan demanded that the U.S. leave Karshi-Khanabad). It is a member of the United Nations, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Partnership for Peace, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). It belongs to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Economic Cooperation Organization, which comprises 7 Central Asian countries: Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. It is a founding member of and remains involved in the Central Asian Union, formed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, joined in March 1998 by Tajikistan.
In 1999, Uzbekistan joined the GUAM alliance (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova), which was formed in 1997 (temporarily making it GUUAM until Uzbekistan withdrew in 2005). Uzbekistan is also a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and hosts the SCO's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent. Uzbekistan is also candidate state of the new Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It is a founding member of and remains involved in the Central Asian Union, formed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, joined in March 1998 by Tajikistan.

## Finland

In 2006, Antti Turunen, head of the Finnish Foreign Ministry's Eastern European and Central Asian department, led a European Union fact-finding mission to Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The Uzbek deputy foreign minister had indicated that the Uzbek government was interested in talks with the EU during a visit to Helsinki, Finland in June 2006, just before Finland assumed the EU presidency. Radio Free Europe journalists spoke to Turunen on September 1. Turunen's visit to Uzbekistan was the first EU visit since October, when sanctions were imposed after the Uzbek government refused to allow an international investigation into the Andijan massacre.
Turunen said that the visit went smoothly and that Uzbek Foreign Minister Vladimir Norov offered a warm reception. The EU delegation met with officials from the Justice Ministry, the Attorney General's office, and Uzbek parliament members. He stressed that the real issue for the EU was the Uzbek government's response to the Andijan massacre and human rights abuses. He said Russia-Uzbek relations and possible EU development of Uzbek energy reserves were not directly discussed but that EU investment might be possible in this area.

## Persian Gulf states

On 31 March 2009, Uzbekistan and the Sultanate of Oman agreed upon a legal framework to protect Omani investments in central Asia and guarantee trade from both nations was free from double taxation. The Sultanate's government had been pursuing economic diversification and privatisation policies for nearly a decade after signeding similar agreements with thirty other trading partners.

## Netherlands

In July 2024, the ambassador of Uzbekistan met Director of the Europe Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, Erik Weststrate, to discuss bilateral and multilateral cooperation.

## Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Uzbekistan maintains diplomatic relations with:
Date :
| 1 | Australia | 26 December 1991 |
| 2 | China | 2 January 1992 |
| 3 | Vietnam | 17 January 1992 |
| 4 | Egypt | 23 January 1992 |
| 5 | Mongolia | 25 January 1992 |
| 6 | Denmark | 25 January 1992 |
| 7 | Japan | 26 January 1992 |
| 8 | South Korea | 29 January 1992 |
| 9 | North Korea | 7 February 1992 |
| 10 | United Kingdom | 18 February 1992 |
| 11 | United States | 19 February 1992 |
| 12 | Saudi Arabia | 20 February 1992 |
| 13 | Malaysia | 21 February 1992 |
| 14 | Israel | 21 February 1992 |
| 15 | Finland | 26 February 1992 |
| 16 | France | 1 March 1992 |
| 17 | Hungary | 3 March 1992 |
| 18 | Turkey | 4 March 1992 |
| 19 | Germany | 6 March 1992 |
| 20 | Belgium | 10 March 1992 |
| 21 | New Zealand | 11 March 1992 |
| 22 | Greece | 16 March 1992 |
| 23 | Mexico | 16 March 1992 |
| 24 | Spain | 17 March 1992 |
| 25 | India | 18 March 1992 |
| 26 | Poland | 19 March 1992 |
| 27 | Russia | 20 March 1992 |
| 28 | Italy | 24 March 1992 |
| 29 | Syria | 24 March 1992 |
| 30 | Austria | 25 March 1992 |
| 31 | Canada | 7 April 1992 |
| 32 | Sweden | 8 April 1992 |
| 33 | Philippines | 13 April 1992 |
| 34 | Oman | 22 April 1992 |
| 35 | Thailand | 6 May 1992 |
| 36 | Switzerland | 7 May 1992 |
| 37 | Iran | 10 May 1992 |
| 38 | Pakistan | 10 May 1992 |
| 39 | Yemen | 25 May 1992 |
| 40 | Bahrain | 29 May 1992 |
| 41 | Luxembourg | 10 June 1992 |
| 42 | Norway | 10 June 1992 |
| 43 | Indonesia | 23 June 1992 |
| 44 | Algeria | 30 June 1992 |
| 45 | Lithuania | 5 August 1992 |
| 46 | Portugal | 12 August 1992 |
| 47 | South Africa | 12 August 1992 |
| 48 | Ukraine | 25 August 1992 |
| 49 | Nigeria | 28 August 1992 |
| 50 | Laos | 10 September 1992 |
| 51 | Bulgaria | 12 September 1992 |
| 52 | Afghanistan | 13 October 1992 |
| 53 | Bangladesh | 15 October 1992 |
| — | Holy See | 17 October 1992 |
| 54 | Tajikistan | 20 October 1992 |
| 55 | Kazakhstan | 23 October 1992 |
| 56 | United Arab Emirates | 25 October 1992 |
| 57 | Latvia | 3 November 1992 |
| 58 | Netherlands | 24 November 1992 |
| 59 | Tunisia | 26 November 1992 |
| 60 | Czech Republic | 1 January 1993 |
| 61 | Slovakia | 1 January 1993 |
| 62 | Turkmenistan | 8 January 1993 |
| 63 | Belarus | 21 January 1993 |
| 64 | Jordan | 15 February 1993 |
| 65 | Kyrgyzstan | 16 February 1993 |
| 66 | Malta | 25 February 1993 |
| 67 | Brazil | 30 April 1993 |
| 68 | Iraq | 19 June 1993 |
| 69 | Guinea | 24 June 1993 |
| 70 | Argentina | 9 September 1993 |
| 71 | Morocco | 11 October 1993 |
| 72 | Ghana | 28 October 1993 |
| 73 | Albania | 23 November 1993 |
| 74 | Zambia | 1 February 1994 |
| 75 | Kuwait | 8 July 1994 |
| 76 | Georgia | 19 August 1994 |
| 77 | Moldova | 23 August 1994 |
| 78 | Chile | 15 September 1994 |
| 79 | Chad | 16 September 1994 |
| — | State of Palestine | 25 September 1994 |
| 80 | Estonia | 25 November 1994 |
| 81 | Maldives | 7 December 1994 |
| 82 | North Macedonia | 31 December 1994 |
| 83 | Slovenia | 16 January 1995 |
| 84 | Serbia | 18 January 1995 |
| 85 | Croatia | 6 February 1995 |
| 86 | Cambodia | 7 September 1995 |
| 87 | Azerbaijan | 2 October 1995 |
| 88 | Romania | 6 October 1995 |
| 89 | Senegal | 6 October 1995 |
| 90 | Armenia | 27 October 1995 |
| 91 | Venezuela | 26 April 1996 |
| 92 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 14 May 1996 |
| 93 | Brunei | 20 June 1996 |
| 94 | Ethiopia | 15 July 1996 |
| 95 | Jamaica | 8 August 1996 |
| 96 | Mali | 13 February 1997 |
| 97 | Singapore | 8 April 1997 |
| 98 | Cyprus | 30 May 1997 |
| 99 | Iceland | 25 September 1997 |
| 100 | Ireland | 7 November 1997 |
| 101 | Qatar | 27 November 1997 |
| 102 | Uruguay | 25 May 1998 |
| 103 | Lebanon | 22 October 1998 |
| 104 | Mauritius | 4 August 1999 |
| 105 | Namibia | 30 August 1999 |
| 106 | Sri Lanka | 11 October 1999 |
| 107 | Peru | 22 December 1999 |
| 108 | Myanmar | 8 February 2001 |
| 109 | Costa Rica | 7 June 2001 |
| 110 | Paraguay | 27 August 2001 |
| 111 | Angola | 31 May 2002 |
| 112 | Sudan | 6 January 2005 |
| 113 | Comoros | 21 May 2005 |
| 114 | Benin | 17 August 2005 |
| 115 | Cuba | 13 March 2006 |
| 116 | Montenegro | 19 December 2006 |
| 117 | Guatemala | 9 February 2007 |
| 118 | Nicaragua | 23 February 2007 |
| 119 | Honduras | 26 April 2007 |
| 120 | Dominican Republic | 28 September 2007 |
| 121 | Zimbabwe | 18 January 2008 |
| 122 | Mauritania | 2 July 2008 |
| 123 | Andorra | 1 December 2009 |
| 124 | Fiji | 16 June 2010 |
| 125 | Libya | 27 October 2010 |
| 126 | Ecuador | 17 July 2011 |
| 127 | Colombia | 2 October 2012 |
| 128 | Bolivia | 28 November 2012 |
| 129 | Monaco | 29 November 2013 |
| 130 | El Salvador | 3 December 2014 |
| 131 | Nepal | 26 January 2018 |
| 132 | Grenada | 11 October 2019 |
| 133 | San Marino | 3 February 2021 |
| 134 | Dominica | 14 May 2021 |
| 135 | Panama | 29 November 2021 |
| 136 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 9 March 2022 |
| 137 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 10 May 2022 |
| 138 | Antigua and Barbuda | 13 June 2022 |
| 139 | Guyana | 10 October 2022 |
| 140 | Sierra Leone | 28 April 2023 |
| 141 | Trinidad and Tobago | 15 June 2023 |
| 142 | Uganda | 18 January 2024 |
| 143 | Belize | 5 March 2024 |
| 144 | Liechtenstein | 5 March 2024 |
| 145 | Gambia | 14 March 2024 |
| 146 | Djibouti | 2 May 2024 |
| 147 | Cape Verde | 23 September 2024 |
| 148 | Seychelles | 23 September 2024 |
| 149 | Burundi | 24 September 2024 |
| 150 | Botswana | 26 September 2024 |
| 151 | Liberia | 26 September 2024 |
| 152 | Togo | 26 September 2024 |
| 153 | Bahamas | 26 September 2024 |
| 154 | Somalia | 5 February 2025 |
| 155 | Suriname | 21 February 2025 |

## Relations by country

| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
| Afghanistan | | See Afghanistan–Uzbekistan relations |
| Albania | 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1993. |
| Armenia | 1995 | The countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1995 by protocol. Uzbekistan is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area. |
| Azerbaijan | 1995 | The countries established diplomatic relations on 2 October 1995 by protocol. Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Baku. |
| Belarus | 1992 | Belarus has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Minsk. Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Economic Community, of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation and of the Commonwealth of Independent States |
| Bulgaria | 1992-09-12 | See Bulgaria–Uzbekistan relations Bulgaria has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan is represented in Bulgaria through a non resident ambassador based in Tashkent (in the Foreign Ministry.) |
| Burkina Faso | 1992 | Burkina Faso recognized the independence of Uzbekistan on January 25, 1992. |
| China | 3 January 1992 | See China–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan has an embassy in Beijing and two consulate-generals in Guangzhou and Shanghai. China has an embassy in Tashkent. |
| Comoros | 2005 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 21, 2005. Both countries are full members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. |
| Cuba | 2006 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 13, 2006. Uzbekistan is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in the United States. Cuba is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Azerbaijan. In May 1963, Fidel Castro visited the Uzbek SSR on an official visit, being bosted by the Uzbek Communist First Secretary Sharof Rashidov. In 2016, Cuba became the only country in the world (other than Uzbekistan itself) that declared an official period of mourning in connection with the death of President Islam Karimov, with many speculating that this was because of Castro's reported liking towards the late Uzbek leader. |
| Djibouti | 1992 | Djibouti recognized the independence of Uzbekistan on January 6, 1992. However both countries have not yet established diplomatic relations. |
| France | | France has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Paris. |
| Germany | 1992 | See Germany–Uzbekistan relations Germany has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate general in Frankfurt. |
| India | 18 March 1992 | See India–Uzbekistan relations India has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in New Delhi. |
| Indonesia | 23 June 1992 | See Indonesia–Uzbekistan relations On 28 December 1991, Indonesia has recognized the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the dissolved Soviet Union. Uzbekistan realized the strategic importance of Indonesia, home to the world's biggest Muslim population and Southeast Asia's biggest economy. Indonesia recognizes Uzbekistan's strategic importance as the gate to Central Asia, a growing economy and a potential market. Indonesia has an embassy in Tashkent that is also accredited to Kyrgyzstan. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Jakarta. |
| Iran | 1991 | See Iran–Uzbekistan relations The two countries have deep cultural and historical ties, and Uzbekistan is considered as a part of Greater Iran. Iran has been especially active in pursuing economic projects and social, cultural, and diplomatic initiatives in Uzbekistan. The two nations have also worked on overland links and other joint ventures. The countries' conflicting political set-ups (Iran's Islamic theocracy versus Uzbekistan's secular republic) does not appear to have deterred efforts to improve relations. |
| Japan | 26 January 1992 | Japan opened an embassy in Tashkent in January 1993. Uzbekistan opened an embassy in Tokyo in February 1996 Ministerial level visits are frequent between the two countries. |
| Kazakhstan | | See Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan relations |
| Kyrgyzstan | | See Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan dominates southern Kyrgyzstan both economically and politically, based on the large Uzbek population in that region of Kyrgyzstan and on economic and geographic conditions. |
| Malaysia | 1992 | See Malaysia–Uzbekistan relations Malaysia has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur. |
| Mexico | 14 January 1992 | Mexico is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. Uzbekistan is accredited to Mexico from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States. |
| Mauritania | 2 July 2008 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 2, 2008. Both countries are full members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. |
| Pakistan | | See Pakistan–Uzbekistan relations Relations between the two states were established when the republic of Uzbekistan became independent following the collapse of the USSR, the relations between the two countries were initially strained by the situation in Afghanistan which both countries border as they supported different Afghan factions. However relations improved after the fall of the Taliban, both countries seeking to improve relations for the sake of trade, Pakistan wishing to gain access to Central Asian markets and landlocked Uzbekistan to access ports on the Indian Ocean. |
| Poland | 1992-03-19 | See Poland–Uzbekistan relations Poland has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Warsaw and an honorary consulate in Poznań. |
| Romania | 1995-10-06 | See Romania–Uzbekistan relations Romania recognized Uzbekistan's independence on December 20, 1991. Romania has an embassy in Tashkent, although Uzbekistan does not have any representation in Romania. Romania sees Uzbekistan as a potentially important partner in Central Asia, where it is trying to increase its standing, while Uzbekistan hopes to receive increased access to technology and European markets via Romania. |
| Russia | 1992 | Main article: Russia–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan has an embassy in Moscow Russia has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan was once a former Soviet Socialist republic. It still has strong ties to Russia and the West. In the aftermath of the May 2005 unrest, Uzbekistan demanded that the United States leave the base at Karshi-Khanabad. In November 2005, both presidents Islam Karimov and Vladimir Putin had signed a mutual cooperation agreement in Moscow. |
| South Korea | 29 January 1992 | See South Korea–Uzbekistan relations Number of Ethnic Koreans living in Uzbekistan: About 180,000 (Largest number among the CIS nations). |
| Spain | | See Spain–Uzbekistan relations Spain is accredited to Uzbekistan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Madrid. |
| Tajikistan | | Main article: Tajikistan–Uzbekistan relations Tajikistan has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Dushanbe. Western analysts say that the two countries are "engaged in an undeclared cold war". Both countries are full members of the Eurasian Economic Community, the Collective Security Treaty Organisation, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and the Commonwealth of Independent States. |
| Turkey | March 4, 1992 | See Turkey–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul Turkey has an embassy in Tashkent and a Consulate General in Samarkand since 7 March 2021 Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Economic Cooperation Organization, International Organization of Turkic Culture, OIC, TAKM, Turkic Council, TURKPA, OSCE and WTO. Trade volume between the two countries was US$2.3 billion in 2019 (Uzbek exports/imports: 1.14/1.23 billion USD. Turkey was the first country that recognized Uzbekistan's independence in 1991. |
| Turkmenistan | | Main article: Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan relations |
| Ukraine | 1992 | Main article: Ukraine–Uzbekistan relationsInter-parliamentary cooperation with the Republic of Uzbekistan is currently in the making. The deputy group of friendship with the Republic of Uzbekistan was established in the Verkhovna Rada. Uzbekistan has clearly expressed its position on the events in Ukraine: the rejection of force options and the use of political efforts to resolve the problems that have arisen, through negotiations, based on the fundamental norms of international law and the UN Charter. The development of cultural and humanitarian cooperation remains one of the important areas of bilateral relations between Ukraine and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The legal framework in this sphere consists of ten bilateral agreements, the most important of which is the "Agreement between Ukraine and the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of culture." Cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of science and education is carried out taking into account the ancient traditions of interaction between scientific and educational institutions, the presence of a large Ukrainian diaspora and the established legal framework. |
| United Kingdom | 1992 | See United Kingdom–Uzbekistan relations Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 18 February 1992. Uzbekistan maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Uzbekistan through its embassy in Tashkent. Both countries share common membership of the OSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. |
| United States | 1992 | See United States–Uzbekistan relations The United States recognized the independence of Uzbekistan on December 25, 1991, and opened an embassy in Tashkent in March 1992. The United States has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and a consulate–general in New York City. |