OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geoffrey Thorndike Martin

Geoffrey Almeric Thorndike Martin (28 May 1934 – 7 March 2022) was a British egyptologist, Edwards Professor of Egyptian Archaeology and Philology Emeritus, University College, London, Joint Field Director of the Amarna Royal Tombs Project and fellow commoner of Christ's College, Cambridge.

## Biography

Martin was born in South Ockendon on 28 May 1934. He attended school at Aveley and then Palmer's School in Grays in Essex. Martin received a BA in Ancient History from University College London in 1963. He has the degrees of MA, PhD and Litt. D from Cambridge University and was Budge Research Fellow in Egyptology at Christ's College, Cambridge from 1964 to 1970. After leaving Christ's College Martin became Lecturer in Egyptology at University College London, Reader from 1978 and Edwards Professor of Egyptian Archaeology and Philology from 1988 until retirement in 1993.
Martin's fieldwork was carried out in various locations in Sudan and Egypt. He excavated with the Egypt Exploration Society's mission at Buhen in the Sudan in 1963. With the EES and the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden and University of Amsterdam he excavated at Saqqara from 1964-68; he was site director from 1970-1974, and field director from 1975 to 1998. He was field director of the Amarna Epigraphic Mission, of the Egypt Exploration Society in 1969 and 1980. From 1998 till 2002 he worked under Nicholas Reeves, Project Director, as Joint Field Director of the Amarna Royal Tombs Project.
Martin died on 7 March 2022, at the age of 87.

## Work

Martin was most famous for his discoveries of the tomb of Maya, Tutankhamun's treasurer, and the private tomb of Horemheb, but also more generally for his work in the Valley of the Kings and Saqqara.
The discoveries in Saqqara include Tia, Ramesses the Great's sister and other dignitaries.

## Notable publications

* 'Egyptian Administrative and Private-name Seals' (Oxford, 1971)
* 'The Royal Tomb at El-Amarna', I-II (London, 1974, 1989)
* 'The tomb of Hetepka and other Reliefs and Inscriptions from the sacred animal Necropolis North Saqqâra 1964–1973' (London, 1979)
* 'The Sacred Animal Necropolis at North Saqqara' (London, 1981)
* 'Canopic Equipment in the Petrie Museum' (Warminster, 1984) (with Vivien Raisman)
* 'Scarabs, Cylinders and other Egyptian Seals' (Warminster, 1985)
* 'The Tomb Chapels of Paser and Raia' (London, 1985)
* 'Corpus of Reliefs of the New Kingdom', I (London, 1987)
* 'Excavations in the Royal Necropolis at El-Amarna' (Cairo, 1987) (with Aly El-Khouly)
* 'The Memphite Tomb of Horemheb', I, (London, 1989)
* 'The Hidden Tombs of Memphis' (London, 1991)
* 'Bibliography of the Amarna Period and its Aftermath' (London, 1991)
* 'The Tomb of Tia and Tia' (London, 1997)
* 'Stelae from Egypt and Nubia in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, C. 3000 BC-AD 1150' (Fitzwilliam Museum Publications, 2005)
* 'Umm el-Qaab VII: Private Stelae of the Early Dynastic Period from the Royal Cemetery at Abydos'. Archäologische Veröffentlichungen, vol. 123 (Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-447-06256-5).
# Robert, Earl of Strathearn

Robert of Strathearn (died c. 1244) was the 4th Earl of Strathearn in Scotland.

## Life

Robert was the fourth son of Gille Brigte of Strathearn and his first wife Matilda de Albini Brito. He first appears on record in 1199, when he and his brothers were witnesses to their father's charters to the Abbey of Inchaffray. By 1210, all three of his elder brothers had died, and he became heir to the earldom of Strathearn. In 1219 he confirmed as heir-apparent all his father's grants to the abbey, and after his accession as earl around 1223, he made a vow never to disturb the monks in their possessions.
Aside from his taking part in the abbey's affairs, he appears in a wider sphere in 1237, when he travelled to York with King Alexander II, to negotiate the Treaty of York with Henry III of England.
Earl Robert died before April 1244.

## Marriage and issue

Earl Robert's wife was named Matilda (1178-1247). They had three sons and two daughters:
* Malise II of Strathearn, who succeeded as Earl
* Hugh, who became a friar and died c. 1290
* Gille Brigte/Gilbert, who acquired the lands of Durie and Belnollo in Fife, become the progenitor of the Duries
* Annabella, who married firstly John of Restalrig, and secondly Sir Patrick Graham of Kincardine, who was killed at the Battle of Dunbar
* Mary, married Sir John Johnstone
* Matilda/Maud, who married Alexander, Earl of Menteith
# Ripley County Courthouse (Indiana)

Ripley County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Versailles, Ripley County, Indiana. It was built between 1860 and 1863, and is a three-story, cross plan, Greek Revival style brick building. It features a bell tower and high pitched gable roof. An addition was constructed in 1971–1972.$^{:5–6}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# Petros Zappas

Petros Zappas (Greek: Πέτρος Ζάππας) was an entrepreneur and politician and a member of the Zappas family of national benefactors originally from Labovë of Greek or Aromanian descent. This village would later form part of the short-lived Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus. In World War I, during Greek administration between October 1914 and September 1916, Petros Zappas was elected as member of the Greek Parliament for the Argyrokastron Prefecture (1915–1917) in the December 1915 elections.
# Alice Cogswell

Alice Cogswell (August 31, 1805 – December 30, 1830) was the inspiration to Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet for the creation of the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut.

## Cogswell and Gallaudet

At the age of two, Cogswell became ill with "spotted fever" (cerebral-spinal meningitis). This illness took her hearing and later she lost her speech as well. At the time, deafness was viewed as equivalent to a mental illness, and it was widely believed that the deaf could not be taught. Gallaudet moved into the house next door to hers when she was nine years old. Upon learning she was deaf and noticing she wasn't interacting with other children, he decided to teach her to communicate through pictures and writing letters in the dirt.
Gallaudet and Alice's father, Dr. Mason Cogswell, decided that a formal school would be best for her, but no such school existed in the United States. Gallaudet went to Europe for 15 months, bringing Laurent Clerc back with him upon his return. During the time of his absence, Alice attended a hearing school and somewhat furthered her education, though the situation was not ideal. She was very lively, and enjoyed reading, sewing, and dancing. She was reportedly very good at mimicking others, and was fascinated by the concept of music.
Alice Cogswell and six other deaf students (George Loring, Wilson Whiton, Abigail Dillingham, Otis Waters, John Brewster, and Nancy Orr) entered the school that would become the American School for the Deaf in April 1817.
She died at the age of twenty-five on December 30, 1830, thirteen days after the death of her father.

## Legacy

A statue of Gallaudet and Cogswell, by Daniel Chester French, stands in front of Gallaudet University, depicting Gallaudet sitting on a chair and Cogswell standing next to him to share their communication of "A" in fingerspelling. A replica of this statue is on the campus of the American School for the Deaf at Hartford. The Alice Cogswell statue (American School for the Deaf Founders Memorial), by Frances Laughlin Wadsworth, also represents her as a young girl.
The Gallaudet University Alumni Association gives the Laurent Clerc Cultural Fund Alice Cogswell Award to people for valuable service on behalf of deaf citizens.
Cogswell is known as a remarkable figure in the history of deaf culture, illustrating a breakthrough in deaf education. She showed that the deaf are capable of being taught and of high intelligence. Alice stands as an example of Frederick C. Schreiber's famous quote, "Deaf people can do anything hearing people can do, except hear."
# 1650s in Canada

Events from the 1650s in Canada.

## Events

* 1649-64: the Beaver Wars: Encouraged by the English, and the need for more beaver for trade (their own area being hunted out), Haudenosee (Iroquois) make war on Hurons (1649), Tobaccos (1649), Neutrals (1650–51), Erie (1653–56), Ottawa (1660), Illinois and Miami (1680–84), and members of the Mahican confederation. English, pleased with this, agree to Two-Row Wampum Peace treaty, 1680.
* 1650-53: Huron survivors of the Beaver Wars settle at Lorette under French protection.
* 1652: Massachusetts General Court licenses traders going from Massachusetts to Acadia.
* 1653 Marguerite Bourgeoys (Born Troyes, France 17 April 1620 Died 12 January 1700) the first school teacher in Montreal, arrives from France.
* 1654: Port Royal seized by Robert Sedgwick. He would hold on to Acadia until 1670.
* 1653 Louis Chartier, a surgeon, arrives in Ville-Marie to provide medical aid to the settlement.
* 1654-59: Pierre-Esprit Radisson, French Sieur de Groselliers, encounters many tribes throughout New France, New England, and what is now the U.S. Midwest. Adopted by a Mohawk family, who take him to Hudson Bay, there he changes sides and becomes English, participates in the formation of Hudson's Bay Company, and charter of Rupert's Land to it in 1670, deftly switching country allegiances several times France-England-France-England during the process. Ends up English. Today principally remembered by a hotel named after him in Minneapolis.
* 1655 Étienne Bouchard, a surgeon, begins a successful private medical practice in Ville-Marie.
* c. 1655: One of the coureurs de bois, adventurous, unlicensed fur traders who want to escape company restrictions, explores west of Lake Superior.
* 1657: Sulpicians, who run missions, come to North America.
* 1658 Marguerite Bourgeoys established the Congregation of Notre Dame, the first uncloistered order of nuns in North America.
* 1659: A vicar apostolic, the Jesuit-trained Bishop Francois X. de Laval-Montmorency (1623–1708) arrives in Quebec in June as vicar general of the pope to take command of the missions and to found parishes.
# Tim Clarke (English footballer)

Timothy Joseph Clarke (born 19 September 1968 in Stourbridge, England) is an English former footballer and now goalkeeper coach.

## Career

He is perhaps best known for his spell as number 1 at Huddersfield Town.
One of Clarke's more notable achievements came in 2001, when he was a part of the Barry Town side that won in Azerbaijan against Shamkir FC. The match marked the first ever occasion that Welsh club would progress in the UEFA Champions League. Clarke also played in goal against FC Porto in the next round, helping Barry to a second leg victory that has become footballing folklore in South Wales.
Clarke went into coaching at Halesowen Town before joining Hinckley AFC in May 2014 as a goalkeeper coach.

## Honours

Shrewsbury Town
* Football League Trophy runner-up: 1995–96
# Thermomesochra

Thermomesochra reducta is a species of copepod in the family Canthocamptidae, and the only species in the genus Thermomesochra. It is listed as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List.
T. reducta was described in 1980 from a hot spring at Dusun Tua, Selangor, Malaysia, where it lives at temperatures of 38–58 °C (100–136 °F).
# Ian Gray (English footballer)

Ian James Gray (born 25 February 1975 in Manchester) is an English former professional footballer, who made 163 appearances in the Football League as a goalkeeper playing for Rochdale, Stockport County, Rotherham United and Huddersfield Town. He also played in the 1994 Liga Perdana for Brunei on loan from Oldham Athletic.
He was forced into an early retirement in 2004 at the age of 29 because of a broken hand sustained during an FA Cup 1st Round tie against Accrington Stanley while he was playing for Huddersfield Town.
# Tamer Fernandes

Tamer Hasan Fernandes (born 7 December 1974) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Brentford and Colchester United.

## Club career

Beginning his career under the name Tamer Aouf, Fernandes began his career in the youth system at Brentford and signed his first professional contract at the end of the 1992–93 season. Over the course of the following five seasons he served as backup to Kevin Dearden and made just 17 appearances before agreeing a settlement to his contract and leaving Griffin Park in January 1998. He immediately joined Third Division high-flyers Colchester United, but failed to make an appearance during what remained of a 1997–98 season that saw the club win promotion to the Second Division via the playoffs. He made a breakthrough into the first team and made 8 appearances during the second half of the 1998–99 season, but was released in May 1999 and dropped into non-League football to join Isthmian League Second Division club Hemel Hempstead Town.

## International career

Fernandes was capped by England Youth.

## Personal life

Fernandes began his career under the name Tamer Aouf, before changing his name to Tamer Fernandes prior to the beginning of the 1993–94 season.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brentford | 1992–93 | First Division | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Brentford | 1993–94 | Second Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Brentford | 1994–95 | Second Division | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Brentford | 1995–96 | Second Division | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Brentford | 1996–97 | Second Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Brentford | 1997–98 | Second Division | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Brentford | Total | Total | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| Colchester United | 1998–99 | Second Division | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
* 1 2 3 Appearance in Football League Trophy
# List of massacres in Taiwan

| Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes |
| Lamey Island Massacre | April–May 1636 | Liuqiu Island | 300 | By Dutch soldiers |
| Guo Huaiyi rebellion | 1652-09-07 & 1652-09-11 | Tainan | 4.000+ | by Dutch soldiers |
| Nerbudda incident | 1842-08-10 | Tainan city | 197 | by Qing Dynasty |
| Mudan incident | 1871-12-18 | Taiwan Prefecture, Fujian Province | 54 | by Paiwan Formosans |
| Beipu uprising | 1907-11-14 | Beipu village | 100+ | by Japanese army |
| Musha Incident | 1930-10-27 | Musa village | 134 | by Seediq rebels against Japanese occupation |
| February 28 incident and White Terror (Taiwan) | 1947-02-28 | entire Taiwan main island | 18,000-28,000 | by Republic of China Army |
| Nantou shooting | 1959-09-21 | Nantou City | 11 (including the perpetrator) | By Li Hsing-ju (李兴儒) |
| Li Shing Junior High School Shooting | 1962-01-26 | Taipei | 7 | By Tsui Yin (崔荫) |
| Lee We incident | 1962-04-05 | Taipei | 10 | By Lee We (李某) |
| Civil Air Transport Flight 106 | 1964-06-20 | village of Shenkang | 57 | By Zeng Yang (曾旸) and Wang Zhengyi (王正义) |
| Taipei bus attack | 1964-08-30 | Taipei | 3 | By Ho Chung-ming (何忠明) |
| Taichung massacre | 1965-01-24 & 1965-01-25 | Taichung | 7 (including the perpetrator) | by Hsiao |
| Mou family massacre | 1965-08-22 | Taipei | 6 | by Chou Shin-Hsiang (周信祥) |
| China Airlines Flight 825 | 1971-11-20 | Penghu | 25 | by unknown |
| Lin family massacre | 1980-02-28 | Taipei | 3 | by unknown |
| 1987 Lieyu massacre | 1987-03-07 | Lieyu, Kinmen | 19 or more | by Republic of China Army |
| Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident | July 21–22, 1990 | Aodi, Yilan County, Taiwan Province | 25 | By Taiwan Garrison Command |
| Lunqing Western Restaurant fire | 1993-01-19 | Taipei | 33 | by unknown |
| Carlton Barber's Shop fire | 1993-05-12 | Taipei | 21 (including the perpetrator) | by Liang Hsin-teng (梁兴登) |
| Murder of Liu Pang-yu | 1996-11-21 | Taoyuan | 8 | by Two Killers |
| Luzhou fire | 2003-08-31 | New Taipei City | 16 | by Xu Ruiqin (徐瑞琴) |
| Beimen of Xinying Hospital fire | 2012-10-23 | Tainan | 13 | by Lin Jixiong (林基雄) |
| 2014 Taipei Metro attack | 2014-05-21 | New Taipei City | 4 | by Cheng Chieh (郑捷) |
| Weng Renxian arson case | 2016-02-06 | Taoyuan | 6 | by Weng Renxian (翁仁贤) |
| 2016 Taoyuan bus fire | 2016-07-19 | Taoyuan | 26 (including the perpetrator) | By Su Mingcheng(苏明成) |
| 2021 Kaohsiung building fire | 2021-10-14 | Kaohsiung | 46 | by Huang Gege (黄格格) |
| Chen Yanxiang arson case | 2022-06-15 | Hsinchu City | 8 | by Chen Yanxiang(陈彦翔) |
# Tripolis Larisaia

39°36′54″N 22°33′18″E﻿ / ﻿39.615134°N 22.554874°E﻿ / 39.615134; 22.554874 Tripolis (Ancient Greek: Τρίπολις, lit. 'three cities') or Tripolis Larisaia (Τρίπολις Λαρισαῖα), also called Scaea (Τρίπολις Σκαιὰ), was an ancient city in the Pelasgiotis in Thessaly, Greece, on the Peneus (Peneios) river, situated approximately 5 km to the east of Larissa.
During the Third Macedonian War, the Romans under Publius Licinius camped here on the march to Larissa (171 BCE).
Its site is tentatively located near Platykampos.
# Kawai Yoshitora

Yoshitora Kawai (1902–1923) was a Japanese communist activist involved with many Tokyo-based political groups.
He attended Honzan hospital's nurse training school, but moved to Tokyo's Kameido district in September 1920 after being exposed to socialism from a professor, Oka Sensei. He was a member of Gyōminkai (Enlightened People's Society), a communist study group, and joined the Nankatsu Labor Union alongside Tanno Setsu. In March 1923, Kawai created the Tokyo Communist Youth League, the first instance of a group openly labeling themselves as Communists. During the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, Kawai was reported as having rescued three children who had been trapped under a collapsed house. Amidst the chaos of the earthquake's aftermath, he was captured on 2 September 1923, and a few days later, was killed by police in prison during the Kameido Incident.
# Sebastián Bini

Sebastián Alejandro Bini (born 21 December 1979 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a former Argentinian footballer and manager. He is currently manager for Liga Nacional club Municipal.
# Akhuni

Akhuni (also Axone) is a fermented soybean product commonly used in Naga cuisine of India and Myanmar.

## Etymology

The word Axone is from the Naga Sümi language, and is a combination of two words. Axo means "aroma" or "smell" and ne or nhe (similar word "tho") means "deep" or "strong". So it can be literally translated as "deep smell" or "strong smell".

## Consumption

It is prepared year-round from soybeans by people of all tribes, but most notably the Sümi Nagas of Nagaland. Soybeans grow at an altitude of 1,500 m and in rainy conditions, making them well suited for the Naga hills. They are also a protein-rich legume and traditionally protein-sparse diet.
Axone is prepared by rinsing picked soybeans in freshwater, and then boiling them until they are soft, but still whole. The excess water is drained and the soybeans are placed into a pot or degchi and left either out in the sun or next to the fire to let them ferment. This takes three to four days to ferment in summer and around one week in winter.
As with the majority of fermented products in Nagaland, it is considered to be ready when it "smells right". The soybeans are then placed in a wooden pestle and mashed with a mortar. They are not mashed completely but instead crushed as you would with garlic. A handful is then scooped up and placed in the center of a banana leaf, its edges closed to make a parcel. The package is sold or stored next to the fire and can be used immediately or kept for some weeks, darkening in color each day.
Akhuni fermentation results in proteolysis giving it a distinctive umami taste. Axone is then used in a huge variety of dishes. Two examples are fire-smoked pork and axone & nula (snails with axone).

## In popular culture

A 2019 Indian Hindi/English film titled Axone, directed by Nicholas Kharkongor, deals with a day in life of a group of friends getting ready for a wedding and cooking Axone dish in a Delhi neighborhood which does not allow them to cook axone because of its strong smell.

## Similar dishes

Piak of Arunachal Pradesh, Nepali kinema, tungrymbai of Meghalaya, hawaijaar of Manipur and bekang um of Mizoram.
# Royal Consort Sugui Kim (Hyojong)

Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Gim clan (Korean: 숙의 김씨; Hanja: 淑義 金氏) was a Korean Royal Consort to the Hyojong of Joseon. She had no children with him. After her death, she was promoted to be So-ui (rank senior 2; 소의, 昭儀).
# Grass River Provincial Park

Grass River Provincial Park is a 2,279 km$^2$ provincial park in Northwestern Manitoba, Canada. Designated in 1963, the park is approximately 75 km north of The Pas and is centered on the Grass River. The southern part of the park includes portions of the dolomitic Manitoba Lowlands of the Interior Plains, while the northern portion includes part of the granitic Canadian Shield. It is crossed east-west by Manitoba Highway 39 (PTH 39), with PTH 10 crossing the western edge of the park. The entire park shows evidence of glaciation. The park is considered to be a Class III protected area under the IUCN protected area management categories.
During the 20th century a number of mines operated in the park, the last of which closed in 1993.
# Francesco Casolari

Francesco Casolari (born 4 October 1965) is an Italian baseball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# 671 BC

The year 671 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 83 Ab urbe condita. The denomination 671 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

* King Esarhaddon of Assyria defeats the Kushite-Egyptian army of Pharaoh Taharqa and captures Memphis, along with a number of the royal family. He sets up a new Assyrian administration in Lower Egypt and withdraws.
# Penfield station (SEPTA)

Penfield station is a SEPTA Metro rapid transit station in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania. It serves the M and is located at Manoa Road and Lawson Avenue in Penfield. All trains stop at Penfield. The station lies 1.9 track miles (3.1 km) from 69th Street Transit Center.
The land use around the station is primarily single family residential. It is the second busiest station in Haverford Township, after Ardmore Junction. The Forge-to-Refuge Circuit Trail passes by the station. The station has 64 unofficial parking spots, with 48% of commuters parking at the station within a mile of their homes. The station lacks crosswalks and some sidewalks on nearby roads and has limited ADA accessibility and bike infrastructure.
The station was pivotal in the development of the early 20th century streetcar suburb of Penfield. It is within the Powder Mill Valley, which contains the historic sites of Nitre Hall and Lawrence Cabin.