# Macau International Airport

Macau International Airport (IATA: MFM, ICAO: VMMC) is an international airport in the special administrative region of Macau, situated at the eastern end of Taipa island and neighbouring waters. It opened for commercial operations on 9 November 1995, during Portuguese administration of the region.
Since its opening, the airport has been a common transfer point for people traveling between mainland China and Taiwan, as well as a passenger hub for destinations in mainland China and Southeast Asia. During 2006, the airport handled 5 million passengers and 220,000 tonnes of cargo. In 2017 the number of passengers had increased to 7,165,803, which is more than the 6 million passengers per year the terminal was originally designed for.

## History

Before the opening of Macau airport, the nearest international airport was Kai Tak in British Hong Kong and passengers from Macau had to take a ferry to Hong Kong in order to fly out of Kai Tak. Upon planning, Macau airport was said that it would relieve the congestion at Kai Tak. The Macau airport was constructed on reclaimed land adjacent to the islands of Taipa and Coloane. It cost US$1 billion to build. Commercial air service began on 9 November 1995. The first departure was an Air Macau flight to Beijing, and the first arrival was a Malaysia Airlines flight from Kuala Lumpur. The official inauguration ceremony took place on 8 December 1995, and Portuguese president Mário Soares presided over it.
In April 1996, TAP Air Portugal started service to Lisbon using Airbus A340s. It cooperated with Sabena on the route; the flight stopped in Brussels, and TAP allocated a certain number of seats to the airline on the segment between Brussels and Macau. TAP encountered difficulties in running the flights. The crew had to spend long layovers in Macau because the service only operated twice a week. Additionally, TAP and Air Macau, in which the former held a stake, were unable to coordinate their schedules, making connections between the Lisbon flight and Air Macau's network inconvenient. In April 1997, TAP moved the stopover to Bangkok in hopes of attracting more passengers. Nevertheless, it was losing money on the route. The company's chairman stated in November 1997 that he wanted to end the link but that he faced opposition from the Portuguese government, which owned the airline. TAP stopped serving Macau the following year.

## Facilities
### Terminal

The airport's designed capacity is 10,000,000 passengers per year, with processing capacity of up to 2,300 passengers per hour. The airport does not have a night curfew. There are 24 parking spaces for aircraft in the apron, with five jetways. There are 10 gates. As in Hong Kong, Macau has its own immigration policies and is a separate customs territory from mainland China. All travellers, including those to mainland China and Hong Kong, need to go through the immigration and customs inspections of international flights.

### Runway and aprons

The airport's runway was built on a strip of reclaimed land in the sea, adjacent to Taipa Island where the main terminal and air traffic control facilities are located, unlike in Hong Kong, where Chek Lap Kok has them all on a reclaimed island. The runway is connected to the apron by two causeways. Runway 34 is ILS CAT II equipped. Navigational and radio aids are located at either end of the runway. Despite its small area, the airport is capable of handling Boeing 747s and Antonov 124s, which forms a vital freight link between local manufacturers and overseas markets. Its catering facility can produce up to 10,000 meals per day.

### Other tenants

Other tenants of the airport are the Macau Customs Service (independent department under Secretariat for Security of Macau), the Macau Immigration Department/Services (Public Security Police Force of Macau), the Macau Business Aviation Centre, Servair Macau and Menzies Macau.

## Redevelopment

Since 2016, Macau's government has been developing a master plan for the airport's expansion. To be done in three phases, the most visible sections of it broke ground in 2020.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| AirAsia | Kuala Lumpur–International |
| Air Busan | Busan |
| Air China | Wuhan |
| Air Macau | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Beijing–Daxing, Changzhou, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Da Nang, Fuzhou, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kaohsiung, Kuala Lumpur–International, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Osaka–Kansai, Qingdao, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Taichung, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita, Wenzhou, Xiamen |
| Bamboo Airways | Charter: Nha Trang |
| Cambodia Airways | Phnom Penh |
| Cebu Pacific | Manila |
| China Eastern Airlines | Beijing–Daxing, Hefei, Nanjing, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Wuxi |
| China Southern Airlines | Beijing–Daxing |
| EVA Air | Kaohsiung, Taipei–Taoyuan |
| Firefly | Tawau |
| Hainan Airlines | Haikou |
| Jeju Air | Seoul–Incheon |
| Jin Air | Seoul–Incheon |
| Juneyao Air | Shanghai–Pudong |
| Korean Air | Seoul–Incheon |
| Philippines AirAsia | Manila |
| Scoot | Singapore |
| Shanghai Airlines | Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong |
| Shenzhen Airlines | Nanjing, Nantong, Wuxi |
| Sky Angkor Airlines | Phnom Penh |
| Spring Airlines | Shanghai–Pudong |
| Starlux Airlines | Taichung, Taipei–Taoyuan |
| Thai AirAsia | Bangkok–Don Mueang |
| Thai Lion Air | Bangkok–Don Mueang |
| Thai VietJet Air | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi |
| Tigerair Taiwan | Kaohsiung, Taipei–Taoyuan |
| VietJet Air | Charter: Da Nang, Nha Trang |
| Vietnam Airlines | Hanoi |
| XiamenAir | Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen |

## Statistics
### Annual traffic

| Year | Passengers | Airfreight (kg) | Aircraft operations |
| 2012 | 4,491,065 | 27,794,488 | 41,997 |
| 2013 | 5,027,059 | 26,464,881 | 48,950 |
| 2014 | 5,481,441 | 28,767,407 | 52,559 |
| 2015 | 5,831,459 | 30,058,277 | 55,720 |
| 2016 | 6,628,555 | 32,891,452 | 56,932 |
| 2017 | 7,165,803 | 37,499,000 | 58,520 |
| 2018 | 8,261,412 | 41,508,955 | 65,777 |
| 2019 | 9,611,427 | 42,219,799 | 77,581 |
| 2020 | 1,173,231 | 33,346,677 | 16,962 |
| 2021 | 1,147,015 | 48,595,307 | 15,791 |
| 2022 | 599,185 | 51,400,662 | 13,642 |
| 2023 | 5,151,080 | 63,809,785 | 42,504 |

## Ground transportation

The airport is connected by public transit bus routes, light rail, taxis, private cars, and regional coach services.

### Air–sea link

For passengers transferring to China or Hong Kong, a "two customs, one checkpoint" service is provided. Passengers can use a bus shuttle directly from the airport to the New Macau Ferry Terminal or the Taipa Ferry Terminal without passing Macau immigration.

### Bus

Towards Macau Peninsula, Taipa, Cotai and Coloane
* Transmac routes:
** 26 – Bacia Norte do Patane ↔ Mercado Municipal de Coloane
** 51A – The Praia ↔ Av. Vale das Borboletas
** AP1 – Portas do Cerco ↺ Aeroporto de Macau
** AP1X – Praça das Portas do Cerco ↺ Aeroporto de Macau (06:00–10:00, 15:00–20:00)
** MT4 – Parque M. Dr. Sun Yat Sen ↔ Terminal Marítimo de Passageiros da Taipa
* T.C.M. routes:
** N2 – Bacia Norte do Patane ↔ Terminal Marítimo de Passageiros da Taipa (00:00–06:00)
** 36 – Rotunda Leonel Sousa ↺ Aeroporto de Macau
** MT1 – Praceta 24 de Junho ↺ Aeroporto de Macau

### Cross-border coaches

Cross-border coaches connect Macau International Airport with mainland locations like Huadu, Guangzhou, Panyu, Dongguan, Gongbei Port of Entry and Hengqin Border. The "two customs, one checkpoint" service is also available at the Hengqin Border.

### Light rail

The airport is served by the Airport Station of the Macau Light Rail Transit's Taipa Line at Avenida Wai Long.