OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# E. C. Perrow

Eber Carle Perrow (1880–1968) was an American professor of English who wrote about the literary history of the last will and testament and southern folk songs. His writings on folk songs were influential.
He was born in Virginia and lived for a while in Tennessee. He received honors as a student at Trinity College in North Carolina where he received an A.B. degree in 1903 and an A.M. degree from the same school in 1905. He received a Doctor of Philology from Harvard University in 1910. He was an Edward Austin Fellow at Harvard. He was an assistant professor at the University of Mississippi. He then became an English professor at the University of Louisville.
While a student at Trinity, he wrote about the controversy that ensued from Trinity professor John Spencer Bassett's editorial "Stirring Up the Fires of Racial Antipathy" about the work of Democratic Party aligned editorialists.
After his retirement from University teaching, he published the 17 page book "Unto the Hills" in 1955 and the 8 page book "Background" in 1956.

## Songs from the South

His Songs and Rhymes from the South was published in the Journal of American Folk-Lore in three parts. Volume I: Songs of Outlaws (1911) vol. 25, pages 137–155. Volume II. Songs in which animals figure (1913) vol. 26, pages 123–173 Volumes III-VIII: Game songs and nursery rhymes, Religious songs and parodies of religious songs, Songs connected with the railroad, Songs connected with drinking and gambling, Songs of the plantation, Songs of love (1915) vol. 28, pp. 129–190
He wrote an article on the literary history of the last will and testament.
The Berea Collection includes "correspondence, song texts, and folklore narrative material collected from students by folklore scholar E. C. Perrow, while he was teaching at the University of Louisville diring the early teens of the 1900s. Narrative subject areas include anecdotes, games, riddles, rhymes and superstitions."
Perrow was an influence on Arthur Palmer Hudson.
D. K. Wilgus built on the work of folklorists including Pertow. Berea College has documents Wilgus collected from Perrow and his students.
He filed for copyright protection for his words and music to the song "Louisville" in 1916.

## Songs

Songs published in his collection include:
* "The State of Arkansaw" (State of Arkansas (folk song)
* "I Love Coffee"
* "Ballad of Casey Jones"
* "Run, Nigger, Run"
* "This Old Hammer"
# Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar)

Pashaura Singh is a religious studies scholar and a professor at the University of California, Riverside where he currently holds the Dr. Jasbir Singh Saini Endowed Chair in Sikh and Punjabi Studies.

## Biography

He completed his Ph.D. at University of Toronto under the supervision of W. H. McLeod – an influential scholar and historian of Sikhism. Singh pursued an academic career and joined the University of Michigan, where he edited and co-published two collections of Sikh studies.

## Controversies

Copies of Singh's thesis at University of Toronto, "The Text and Meaning of the Adi Granth", were circulated without permission. Some of these reached the conservative faction of the Sikh community, who with alarm, complained about it before the Akal Takht at the Golden Temple. Singh's academic studies were strongly criticized by the conservative Sikhs, he became a target of hostile attacks, and he was pressured to withdraw parts of his thesis. He refused, saying his thesis was based on "very sound underpinnings". Singh was summoned by Akal Takht but missed the first summons, and later attempted to justify his actions, stating "I have simply compared the manuscripts of the third Guru and of the fifth Guru (Arjan Dev) and tried to establish the editorial policy of Arjan Dev (who is credited with compiling the holy book)", according to India Today. He later appeared before the Akal Takht, apologizing for any distress he may have caused, and offered to amend anything incorrect in his thesis, but nothing else. His apology and offer were accepted.
In 2019, Sikh advocacy groups such as United Sikh Party objected to an invitation to Pashaura Singh by Punjabi University for an International History Conference. They accused Singh of questioning the "authenticity of Shri Guru Granth Sahib" and treating the "Travels of Guru Nanak" as fake. They threatened to protest if Singh is allowed to speak at the conference. Singh did not attend the conference, citing personal reasons.

## Works

Pashaura Singh is considered a leading scholar of Sikh scriptures and literature. He has written several books on this subject and his major publications include:
* The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning, and Authority (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2000).
* The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib: Sikh Self-Definition and the Bhagat Bani (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2003).
* Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory and Biography in the Sikh Tradition (Oxford University Press, New Delhi), 2006.
* Sikhism in Global Context (Oxford University Press, USA), 2012.
* The Transmission of Sikh Heritage in the Diaspora, co-editor with N. Gerald Barrier, (Manohar Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi) 1996.
* Sikh Identity: Continuity and Change, co-editor with N. Gerald Barrier, (Manohar Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi), 1999.
* Sikhism and History, Co-editor with N. Gerald Barrier, (Oxford University Press, New Delhi), 2004.
* The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies, co-editor with Louis E. Fenech, (Oxford University Press, USA), 2014.
# Li Tiansheng

Li Tiansheng (born 4 April 1906, date of death unknown) was a Chinese footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Whittingehame Tower

Whittingehame Tower, or Whittingehame Castle, is a fifteenth-century tower house about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of East Linton, on the west bank of Whittinghame Water in East Lothian, Scotland.

## History and structure

Whittingehame Tower was built on lands belonging to the Cospatrick Earls of March. In the 14th century the lands were acquired by the Douglases. During the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, they were held by James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton. The property subsequently passed through the hands of the Setons, Hays and Balfours of Balbirnie, who occupy the castle still. Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister from 1902 to 1905, belonged to this family.
Whittingehame Tower is an altered L-plan keep, comprising a rectangular main block and small stair-wing. It has a parapet which is corbelled out, with rounded corners. There is a cap-house, which was used as a dovecote in the 1930s. There is a vaulted basement. The hall, on the first floor, is panelled; its ceiling is finely plastered. The entrance is by the stair-wing. Some of the windows have been enlarged. The hall now houses a collection of documents and old prints. The tower is a category A listed building, the highest level of protection for a historic building in Scotland.
Until the early 20th-century there was a raised terrace close to the tower reached by steps, overlooking the famous Whittinghame yew tree. This was probably a garden feature built by James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton who is known to have constructed gardens at Aberdour Castle and Lochleven Castle or one of his successors. The platform has sometimes been interpreted as a defensive feature for deploying artillery.

## Tradition

According to Regent Morton's "Confession", in 1567 Morton, the Earl of Bothwell, the future husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and William Maitland of Lethington, the queen's secretary, were entertained at Whittinghame by the owner, Archibald Douglas. Maitland was the laird of Whittingehame's brother-in-law.
It is said that they conferred together in the shelter of a yew tree in the grounds to plot the murder of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, Queen Mary's unpopular and increasingly estranged husband. Morton, just returned from exile in England after the murder of David Rizzio, was unenthusiastic, and requested the queen's direct guidance. Despite the queen's reluctance to give the matter her sanction, the plot put together at Whittingehame was put into effect in due course.
Mary's half-brother, the Earl of Moray, was received at Whittingehame by Morton and Lethington about 18 months later, and they concurred with his expression of horror at the murder of Darnley. Bothwell was by then an outlaw. Moray certainly stayed at Whittingehame on 12 August 1567.
The first cider gum (Eucalyptus gunnii) in Great Britain is said to have been planted in the grounds of the castle in 1853, and to have survived for over one hundred years.
# George J. Gaskin

George Jefferson Gaskin (February 16, 1863 – December 14, 1920) was a Northern Irish-born American recording artist, being one of the most popular singers in the United States during the 1890s.

## Biography

Gaskin was born in Belfast, Ireland, but migrated to the United States in his youth. According to US Naturalization records, Gaskin arrived in New York City in June 1880 but did not attain citizenship until October 18, 1892. At that time he gave his address as 109 East 102nd Street. Gaskin's earliest known recordings were done for the Edison North American Phonograph Company on June 2, 1891. He may have been only the second vocalist to make commercial records for Edison (the first may have been African American whistler and singer George W. Johnson, recorded just one day earlier, on June 1).
He was nicknamed the "Silver-voiced Irish tenor", and specialized in sentimental Irish ballads and the popular songs of tin pan alley. He recorded prolifically in the 1890s, for the United States Phonograph Company, Columbia Phonograph Company, and Berliner Gramophone. Except for one US Everlasting cylinder in 1910 and a single side for the American Pathé company in 1916, Gaskin's recording career ended in 1904 for reasons unknown. Between 1904 and 1910, he directed the annual Robert Emmet tribute concert for the Phillip Sheridan club, an Irish-American society, held in Passaic, New Jersey. He died in New York on December 14, 1920.
His repertoire included "Drill, Ye Tarriers, Drill" (1891), "Oh Promise Me" (1893), "After the Ball" (1893), "The Sidewalks of New York", (1895), "A Hot Time in the Old Town" (1896), "On the Banks of the Wabash" (1897), and "When You Were Sweet Sixteen" (1900).

## Recordings

His extant recordings include:
* "Drill Ye Tarriers Drill" (Released on June 2, 1891)
* "After the Ball" (1893)
* "I Don't Want to Play in Your Yard" (1895)
* "The Sidewalks of New York" (1895)
* "All Coons Look Alike to Me" (1896)
* "Scanlan's Swing Song" (1896)
* "She May Have Seen Better Days" (1896)
* "It Don't Seem Like the Same Old Smile" (1897)
* "Sweet Rosie O'Grady" (1897)
* "The Best in the House is None Too Good For Reilly" (1897)
* "Yankee Doodle" (1897)
* "America" (1898)
* "My Old New Hampshire Home" (1898)
* "She Was Bred In Old Kentucky" (1898)
* "Uncle Sam, Why Are You Waiting?" (1898)
* "Drill Ye Tarriers Drill" (1899)
* "Old Folks at Home" (1899)
* "What is Home Without Love" (1899)
* "Mavourneen" (1890s)
* "Just Say Goodbye Again" (1890s)
* "Whisper Your Mother's Name" (1896–1900)
* "Killarney" (1900)
* "While the Band is Playing Dixie" (1901)
* "When the Harvest Days Are Over" (1902)
* "I'm Wearing My Heart Away for You" (1903)
* "The Bassoon" (1903)
* "If A Girl Like You Loved A Boy Like Me" (1905)
* "Sally in Our Alley" (1905)
# Snowdonia Slate Trail

Snowdonia Slate Trail is a long distance footpath, running 83 miles (134 km) as a circular route around Northern Snowdonia starting from Bangor. It passes through the main areas and heritage sites associated with the slate industry, and also through some of the major landscapes.
It is possible to do the trail in seven days using public transport based in Caernarfon or Bangor.
An ultra marathon is organised around the entire trail each year.

## The route

The trail is arranged in 13 sections, ranging in length from 4 to 13 miles:
(Distances, ascent and time are taken from the website.)
* Section 1 - Bangor to Bethesda - (Distance: 10.2KM, 6.3MLS; Ascent: 325M, 1050FT; Time: 3 – 4hrs)
* Section 2 - Bethesda to Llanberis - (Distance: 11.6KM, 7.2MLS; Ascent: 360M, 1200FT; Time: 3 – 4hrs)
* Section 3 - Llanberis to Waunfawr - (Distance: 6.1KM, 3.8MLS; Ascent: 310M, 1000FT; Time: 2 – 3hrs)
* Section 4 - Waunfawr to Nantlle - (Distance: 9.5KM, 5.9MLS; Ascent: 270M, 900FT; Time: 3 – 4hrs)
* Section 5 - Nantlle to Rhyd Ddu - (Distance: 8.2KM, 5.1MLS; Ascent: 260M, 850FT; Time: 2 – 3hrs)
* Section 6 - Rhyd Ddu to Beddgelert - (Distance: 8.4KM, 5.2MLS; Ascent: 110M, 350FT; Time: 1.5 – 2.5hrs)
* Section 7 - Beddgelert to Croesor - (Distance: 7.2KM, 4.4MLS; Ascent: 400M, 1300FT; Time: 2 – 3hrs)
* Section 8 - Croesor to Tanygrisiau - (Distance: 7.4KM, 4.6MLS; Ascent: 470M, 1550FT; Time: 3 - 4hrs)
* Section 9 - Tanygrisiau to Llan Ffestiniog - (Distance: 8.6KM, 5.4MLS; Ascent: 250M, 850FT; Time: 2.5 – 3.5hrs)
* Section 10 - Llan Ffestiniog to Penmachno - (Distance: 21.3KM, 13.2MLS; Ascent: 880M, 2850FT; Time: 8 – 9hrs)
* Section 11 - Penamchno to Betws y Coed - (Distance: 8.6KM, 5.3MLS; Ascent: 150M, 500FT; Time: 2 – 3hrs)
* Section 12 - Betws y Coed to Capel Curig - (Distance: 9.5KM, 5.9MLS; Ascent: 420M, 1350FT; Time: 3 – 4hrs)
* Section 13 - Capel Curig to Bethesda - (Distance: 17.6KM, 11.0MLS; Ascent: 150M, 500FT; Time: 5 – 6hrs)
The route also passes close to several narrow-gauge railways, mostly linked to the slate industry, namely the Penrhyn Quarry Railway, Llanberis Lake Railway, Snowdon Mountain Railway, the Welsh Highland Railway and the Ffestiniog Railway.
# Gedaiqiao station

Gedaiqiao station is located on the west side of Yuanxi Road in Binhu District, Wuxi, China, and within Wuxi Sunac Cultural Tourism City. It is the second station on the south extension of Wuxi Metro Line 1 and opened for operation on September 28, 2019.
Gedaiqiao Station is the 26th station of Wuxi Metro Line 1 from north to south, and the second station of the southern extension of Line 1 . The station runs diagonally south from Xuelang station across the Lihu Avenue Overpass, and then passes between the Anji Dun and Hongkou Dun ruins. The station is located near Sunac Cultural Tourism City on Yuanxi Road. The station is to the north of Sunac City and to the south. It is located in the Taihu Lake Show and Wanda Hotel area. It is a standard underground two-story island station with a platform width of 12 meters.
Because Sunac City was originally a "Wanda City" invested by Wanda Group, the station was originally named "Gedai Wanda City Station" during planning.
# 1991 Northeastern Huskies football team

The 1991 Northeastern Huskies football team was an American football team that represented Northeastern University as an independent during the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by first-year head coach Barry Gallup, the team compiled a 4–7 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 7 | at Colgate | Andy Kerr StadiumHamilton, NY | W 35–10 | 4,750 |
| September 14 | at Maine | Alumni FieldOrono, ME | W 15–14 | |
| September 28 | at Youngstown State | Stambaugh StadiumYoungstown, OH | L 7–59 | |
| October 5 | Lock Haven | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | W 34–0 | 3,500 |
| October 12 | at Lehigh | Goodman StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 22–35 | 5,012 |
| October 19 | Towson State | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | W 50–13 | 3,300 |
| October 26 | No. 9 New Hampshire | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 14–18 | 8,206 |
| November 2 | vs. UMass | Foxboro StadiumFoxborough, MA (Jimmy Fund Bowl) | L 12–27 | 4,620 |
| November 9 | at Rhode Island | Meade StadiumKingston, RI | L 20–28 | 6,603 |
| November 16 | Delaware State | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 20–46 | 1,240 |
| November 23 | No. 17 James Madison | Parsons FieldBrookline, MA | L 16–24 | |
| Rankings from NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Pakistan Sovereign Wealth Fund

Pakistan Sovereign Wealth Fund (PSWF) is the sovereign wealth fund of Pakistan that was established by the Pakistani government through the Pakistan Sovereign Wealth Fund Act 2023. The fund manages the assets of profitable state-owned enterprises like Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL), Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL), and the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP).
The aim of the fund was to contribute to sustainable economic development in Pakistan by increasing local investment as well as attract investment from the Gulf Cooperation Council and Gulf countries. There has been criticism of the proposed fund, with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) asking that it be closed down due to the risk that the government lose control of the seven profitable state-owned companies transferred to the fund.

## History

On 31 July 2023, the National Assembly of Pakistan approved legislation to establish Pakistan Sovereign Wealth Fund. On 2 August, the Senate of Pakistan passed a law allowing the establishment of a state-owned fund. The fund aims to boost the country’s economic stability and growth. The fund is intended to manage the assets of profitable state-owned enterprises Oil and Gas Development Company (OGDCL), Pakistan Petroleum (PPL), Mari Energies, Government Power Holding, the Pakistan Development Fund, the Neelum-Jhelum Hydropower Company and the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP).
In August 2023, the Government of Pakistan transferred its entire shareholding in seven companies worth 2.3 trillion Pakistani rupee to a US $8.06 billion sovereign wealth fund.
In October 2024, Ahsan Iqbal, the Minister for Planning, Development and Special Initiatives, convened a meeting with a delegation from consulting company Alvarez and Marsal for the establishment of Pakistan Sovereign Wealth Fund.

## Legal issues

The government has faced pressure and criticism as the objectives and operational status seem unknown. In July 2024, the IMF demanded abolition of the fund in return for further assistance. The IMF said that the Pakistani government may lose control over the strategic companies transferred to the fund. The IMF urged the government to strengthen its privatisation law instead of selling these strategic assets in a non-transparent manner. The World Bank also urged for the abolition of the fund.
# Mohammad Ameri

Mohammad Ameri (Persian: محمدعامري) is a village in Delvar Rural District of Delvar District in Tangestan County, Bushehr province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,040 in 454 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,293 people in 564 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,499 people in 680 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Convictions (band)

Convictions is an American Christian metalcore band from Fremont, Ohio. The band was started in 2012. Convictions consists of vocalist Michael Felker, drummer Zachary Schwochow, bassist Jacob Flores, guitarist Patrick Shekut and guitarist, clean vocalist Quinton Dreier. The band describes their genre as a style they created called "Aggressive Worship", which is an emotional mix of spirit filled hardcore and ambiance.

## Members
### Current

* Michael Felker – unclean vocals (2013–present)
* Zach Schwochow – drums (2012–present)
* Patrick Shekut – guitar (2022–present)
* Quinton Dreier – guitar, clean vocals (2022–present)

### Former

* Dan Gardner – unclean vocals (2012)
* Ian Reiter – bass (2012)
* Justin Michael McGough – guitar (2012–2014)
* Joshua Canode – guitar (2012–2022); clean vocals (2022)
* Thomas M. Silva – guitar (2014–2016)
* John Fleischmann – bass, clean vocals (2013–2018)
* Raymond Roper – bass, clean vocals (2018–2019)
* Danyal Suchta – bass, clean vocals (2019–2021)
* Jacob Flores – bass (2022–2025)
Timeline

## Discography
### Studio albums

* I Am Nothing (2012)
* I Will Become (2016)
* Hope for the Broken (2018)
* The Fear of God (2024)

### EPs

* Unworthy (2013)
* Hallowed Spirit | Violent Divide (2015)
* I Won't Survive (2021)

### Other Appearances

* "Memories in the Attic" appears on the compilation Happy Holidays, I Miss You.
# Jun Fan

Jun Fan may refer to:
# Abertoir

Abertoir: The International Horror Festival of Wales is an annual horror and horror film festival held in the Aberystwyth Arts Centre in Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales.

## History

The festival began as a three-day event in 2006, expanding since to a six-day programme of films and events.
In 2014, Abertoir collaborated with the Wales One World Film Festival (WOW) for the UK premiere of the Argentinian supernatural thriller The Second Death (La Segunda Muerte).

## Description

Abertoir the only film festival dedicated to horror films in Wales, and is a member of the European Fantastic Film Festivals Federation.
The festival screens new big-budget horror films, along with classics and independent films. It also includes a short film competition, screening entries from around the world. It often also features music concerts, stage productions and masterclasses.
It maintains a partnership with the WOW Film Festival.

## Notable guests

Notable guests of honour have included:
* Lloyd Kaufman (2007)
* Mark Gatiss (2008)
* Doug Bradley (2008 and 2009)
* Herschell Gordon Lewis (2009)
* Robin Hardy (2006 and 2010)
* Victoria Price (daughter of Vincent Price) (2011 and 2015)
* Catriona MacColl (2012)
* Richard Johnson (2013)
* Fabio Frizzi (2013, 2015 & 2016)
* Luigi Cozzi (2014 & 2016)
* Ian McCulloch (2014)
* Dario Russo and David Ashby (creators of Danger 5) (2015)
* Lynn Lowry (2016)
* Sergio Martino (2017)
* Lamberto Bava (2017)
* Brian O'Malley (2017)
* Gary Sherman (film director) (2019 & 2023)
* John Scott (composer) (2019)
* Norman J. Warren (film director) (2019)
* Prano Bailey-Bond (film director) (2021)
* William Crain (film director) (2022)

## Notable premieres

The following films were premiered at the festival before general release:
* Broken (2006)
* Isolation (2006)
* All The Boys Love Mandy Lane (2007)
* Dead Wood (2007)
* Planet Terror (2007)
* Colin (2008)
* The Uh! Oh! Show (2009)
* Rare Exports (2010)

## Notable bands

Notable bands which have played at the film festival include:
* Daemonia (band of horror composer Claudio Simonetti) (2008)
* Zombina and the Skeletones (2009 and 2010)
* The Damned (2010)
* Devilish Presley (2011)
* Fabio Frizzi and the Frizzi 2 Fulci Band (2015, 2016)
# Jentil

The jentil (or jentilak with the Basque plural), are a race of giants in Basque mythology. This word meaning gentile, from Latin gentilis, was used to refer to pre-Christian civilizations and in particular to the builders of megalithic monuments, to which the other Basque mythical legend the Mairuak are involved too.
The jentil were believed to have lived alongside the Basque people. They were hairy and so tall that they could walk in the sea and throw rocks from one mountain to another. This stone throwing has led to several tales and explanations for ancient stone buildings and large isolated rocks. Even the Basque ball game, pilota, is ascribed to these stone-throwers. The tradition lives on in the Basque power games of stone lifting and throwing. Some attributed to the jentil the defeat of Roland in the Battle of Roncevaux, where the Basques defeated the Frankish army by throwing rocks on them. The giants were believed to have created the Neolithic monuments, such as dolmens, found around the Basque Country.
They also were said to have invented metallurgy and the saw and first grew wheat, teaching humans to farm. However, they were unwilling to move to the valleys from the mountains, with a certain unwillingness to progress. They disappeared into the earth under a dolmen in the Arratzaren valley in Navarra when a portentous luminous cloud – perhaps a star – appeared, said to have heralded the birth of Christ (Kixmi) and the end of the jentil age. Other stories say jentil threw themselves from a mountain. Only Olentzero remained, a giant who appears at Christmas and is reproduced as straw dolls.
There are many structures and places around the Basque Country with jentil in their name, generally referring to pagan or ancient places, supposedly built by the jentil. Dolmens are jentilarri or jentiletxe, harrespil are jentilbaratz, caves can be jentilzulo or jentilkoba.