OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mana (Mandaeism)

The Mandaic word mana (ࡌࡀࡍࡀ) is a term that is roughly equivalent to the philosophical concept of nous. It has been variously translated as "mind", "soul", "treasure", "Garment", "Intellect", "Intelligence", "Heart", "Spirit", "Being"; or alternatively as "nous", "consciousness", or "vessel".
Theodor Nöldeke argued that the word is of Iranian originz although a Sanskrit origin is much more likely.

## Meaning

E. S. Drower (1960) translates the literal Aramaic meaning of mana as 'a garment, robe, vehicle, vessel, instrument'. Symbolically, it refers to the 'soul' or 'mind'.$^{:2}$ Drower compares mana to the Valentinian concept of Sophia (Wisdom) and the Marcosian concept of Ennoia (Idea, Thought).$^{:81}$

## In Mandaean scriptures

All of the hymns in Book 2 of the Left Ginza, in which the mana laments that it has been cast into the physical world, begin with the following refrain:
   I am a mana of the Great Life (mana ana ḏ-hiia rbia) I am a mana of the Mighty Life (mana ana ḏ-hiia rurbia) I am a mana of the Great Life (mana ana ḏ-hiia rbia)
"I am a mana of the Great Life" (mana ana ḏ-hiia rbia) is also frequently used in the Mandaean Book of John. In Psalm 5 of the Manichaean Psalms of Thomas, the phrase "treasure of life" is derived from the aforementioned Mandaean formula according to Torgny Säve-Söderbergh. This phrase has also been borrowed by the Valentinian Gnostics from Mandaeism.$^{:28}$
The Book 3 of the Right Ginza, the "mana within the mana" and the "fruit (pira) within the fruit" existed before even the spiritual universe (the World of Light) with its uthras and emanations came into being.
In Book 5, Chapter 1 of the Right Ginza (also known as the "Book of the Underworld"), Hag and Mag, two inhabitants of the World of Darkness, are described as the two manas of darkness.
On the origin of mana (reason or mind) in mankind, Book 10 of the Right Ginza states:$^{:272}$
   Thus when Ptahil went to his father Abatur, he took (away) a hidden Mana (mana kasia), which had been given to them from the house of the Life. And he brought it (back) and cast it into Adam and his wife Hawa.

## As names of Hayyi Rabbi

According to E. S. Drower, the name Great Mind or Great Mana refers to the "over-soul" or "over-mind", the earliest manifestation of Hayyi ("Life"), from which the soul of a human might be seen as a spark or temporarily detached part. In book three of the Right Ginza, Hayyi is said to have "formed Himself in the likeness of the Great Mana, from which He emerged".

## As part of uthra names

As Mana Rba Kabira, he is paired with the name Kanat, a female uthra.
# Hickson, North Dakota

Hickson is an unincorporated community in Cass County, in the U.S. state of North Dakota.

## History

Hickson was laid out in 1883 when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office called Hickson was established in 1884 and remained in operation until 1975. The community was named for Ole Hicks, a pioneer settler.

### Railroad

The Fargo and Southern railroad laid the tracks that passed through Hickson and ran its first train in 1884. The railroad was short-lived, however and sold to the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul (CM&SP) Railroad (later known as the Milwaukee Road).
On October 31, 1956, all passenger service was stopped, and it continued as a freight line until December 1961 when the line was essentially abandoned as the Milwaukee Railroad modernized their office and freight operations.
The depot was moved to the Western Minnesota Steam Threshers Reunion grounds and museum in Hawley, MN and is the basis for a model railroad kit from Monroe Models.
# Saifi Chaudhry

Saifi Chaudhry (born 15 November 1929) is a Pakistani former sports shooter. He competed in the 300 m rifle, three positions event at the 1956 Summer Olympics and 50 m rifle three positions and 50 m rifle prone events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Hirschy Zarchi

Hirschy Zarchi is an American rabbi and shaliach for the Chabad Hasidic Jewish movement. Since 1997, he has been the founder and head of the Chabad house at Harvard University, one of the largest Chabad campus operations in the United States. He is also Jewish chaplain for students and alumni of Harvard.

## Biography

Zarchi was born in Crown Heights, Brooklyn in 1973. Zarchi graduated from Oholei Torah and Rabbinical College of America yeshivas and received rabbinical ordination from Central Lubavitch Yeshiva in 1994.
Zarchi was dispatched as a shaliach for the Chabad Hasidic Jewish movement to Boston in the 1990s. Initially, he was based in Harvard Square, encouraging Jewish men to put on tefillin. In 1997, he married Elkie, and later that year they established a Chabad house at Harvard University. Rabbi Zarchi became a recognized campus chaplain in 2003. The Harvard Chabad dedicated a new building in 2003.
In 2006, Zarchi organized a 650-student Shabbat dinner in Annenberg Hall, the largest Shabbat dinner in the history of Harvard. The dinner was attended by the then-president of Harvard Larry Summers, who noted Harvard's legacy of discriminatory Jewish quotas. Later on, Harvard Chabad began to annually host SHABBAT1000, a Shabbat dinner on campus for over 1,000 people- including students, faculty, alumni, and others. As rabbi, Zarchi has become friends with Jewish students at Harvard, including Jared Kushner and Josh Kushner.
Zarchi's position was endowed with a $5 million donation in 2022. The donation would supplement the Chabad house's $9 million annual budget, one of the largest campus Chabad operations in the United States. EJewish Philanthropy described the Harvard chabad as a "citywide Jewish empire" with four Chabad center for students, four preschools, and a Jewish day school.
In the aftermath of the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel, Zarchi and investor Bill Ackman organized a showing of Bearing Witness, which showed scenes of extreme violence recorded during and after the incursion, on the Harvard campus, to approximately 150 Harvard affiliate and members of the Cambridge community. The showing was the first campus audience to view the film. While Judaism generally discourages the viewing of murder, Zarchi stated that there was an exception if "it will have the effect of preserving life."
During a Hanukkah menorah lighting at Widener Library in 2023, Zarchi criticized Harvard's stance on antisemitism and described "an atmosphere of fear for Jewish students" while speaking in front of Harvard president Claudine Gay. Zarchi revealed that Harvard does not allow Chabad to keep the menorah displayed overnight due to fears of vandalism, which was cited by judge D.J. Stearns in a judicial opinion in one of the antisemitism lawsuits against Harvard. Gay was broadly criticized during the 2023 United States Congress hearings on antisemitism, for not doing enough to condemn and combat antisemitism on Harvard's campus. He has advocated for Harvard "to de-recognize the Harvard Undergraduate Palestine Solidarity Committee."
# Guanqiao, Liuyang

Guanqiao Town (simplified Chinese: 官桥镇; traditional Chinese: 官橋鎮; pinyin: Guānqiáo Zhèn) is a rural town in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 26,600 and an area of 87.9 square kilometres (33.9 sq mi). The town is bordered to the north and northwest by Zhentou Town, to the east by Puji Town, and to the south by Lusong District of Zhuzhou.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into four villages and one community, the following areas:
* Jizhen Community (集镇社区)
* Sugu Village (苏故村)
* Yijiang Village (一江村)
* Bajiaoting Village (八角亭村)
* Shihuizui Village (石灰嘴村)

## Economy

The main industries in and around the town are forestry and farming.

## Geography

Liuyang River, also known as the mother river, flows through the town.
Xiashan Reservoir (峡山水库) is the largest body of water and the largest reservoir in the town.
Mount Daniuling (打牛岭) is a mountain in the town. The peak is 270 metres (890 ft) in elevation.

## Education

* Guanqiao Middle School

## Transportation
### Railway

The Shanghai–Kunming railway passes across the town north to south.
The Hangzhou–Changsha high-speed railway, which connects Hangzhou and Changsha, running through the town north to south.

### Expressway

The Shanghai–Kunming Expressway which heads south to Kunming, passing through the town.
The Liuyang–Liling Expressway is a north–south expressway in the town.

## Religion

Zhong Kui Temple (钟馗庙) is a Taoist temple in the town for worship of Zhong Kui.
# Herbert Norkus

Herbert Norkus (26 July 1916 – 24 January 1932) was a Hitler Youth member who was killed by German Communists. He became a role model and martyr for the Hitler Youth and was widely used in Nazi propaganda, most prominently as the subject of novel and film Hitler Youth Quex.

## Background

Born to a working class family in the Tiergarten district of Berlin, Norkus joined Naval Hitler Youth in 1931. He was reported to have enjoyed playing the piano and drawing. His father had been wounded in World War I, and supposedly had Communist sympathies. The official Nazi biographies of Norkus claimed his father initially opposed his son's Nazi activities but was ultimately converted and became a Nazi too.
Clashes between the Hitler Youth and the Communist Red Front youth movement (Rote Jungfront) were becoming increasingly common as the NSDAP and the German Communist Party struggled for power in the waning days of the Weimar Republic.
His comrades nicknamed him “Quex” because ”he carried out orders faster than quicksilver” (German: Quecksilber).

## Death

On 24 January 1932, 15-year-old Herbert Norkus and other Hitler Youth members were distributing leaflets advertising a forthcoming Nazi rally. The group was confronted by Communists. Norkus fought them off and ran to a nearby house for help. A man answered and slammed the door in his face. Norkus was then stabbed six times by the pursuing Communists. He banged on another door, which was answered by a woman who tried to get him to a hospital. However, he died on arrival.

## "Hitlerjunge Quex"

Writer Karl Aloys Schenzinger made Norkus into a role model for the Hitler Youth in a popular Nazi novel, Der Hitlerjunge Quex (1932). The novel was required reading for all members of the Hitler Youth. In 1933, it was made into a film directed by Hans Steinhoff, with Hitler Youth member Jürgen Ohlsen in the lead role and Heinrich George in a major role as the boy's father.

## Honors

Passau named a street after Norkus.
A German Navy school ship called the Herbert Norkus was named in his honor, but it was never completed because of the war. Many schools, streets and squares were also named after him during the Nazi period.
# Stephanie van Willigenburg

Stephanie van Willigenburg is a professor of mathematics at the University of British Columbia whose research is in the field of algebraic combinatorics and concerns quasisymmetric functions. Together with James Haglund, Kurt Luoto and Sarah Mason, she introduced the quasisymmetric Schur functions, which form a basis for quasisymmetric functions.

## Education

Van Willigenburg earned her Ph.D. in 1997 at the University of St. Andrews under the joint supervision of Edmund F. Robertson and Michael D. Atkinson, with a thesis titled The Descent Algebras of Coxeter Groups.

## Recognition

Van Willigenburg was awarded the Krieger–Nelson Prize in 2017 by the Canadian Mathematical Society. She was named to the 2023 class of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, "for contributions to algebraic combinatorics, mentorship and exposition, and inclusive community building".

## Selected publications

* Bergeron, Nantel; Mykytiuk, Stefan; Sottile, Frank; van Willigenburg, Stephanie (July 2000), "Noncommutative Pieri operators on posets", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 91 (1–2): 84–110, arXiv:math/0002073, doi:10.1006/jcta.2000.3090
* Billera, Louis J.; Hsiao, Samuel K.; van Willigenburg, Stephanie (25 June 2003), "Peak quasisymmetric functions and Eulerian enumeration", Advances in Mathematics, 176 (2): 248–276, arXiv:0706.3486, doi:10.1016/S0001-8708(02)00067-1
* Haglund, James; Luoto, Kurt; Mason, Sarah; van Willigenburg, Stephanie (2011a), "Quasisymmetric Schur functions", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 118 (2): 463–490, arXiv:0810.2489, doi:10.1016/j.jcta.2009.11.002
* Haglund, James; Luoto, Kurt; Mason, Sarah; van Willigenburg, Stephanie (2011b), "Refinements of the Littlewood-Richardson rule", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 363 (3): 1665–1686, arXiv:0908.3540, doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-2010-05244-4
# Ante Blažević

Ante Blažević (born 5 May 1996) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Solin.

## Early career

From Kaštel Sućurac, Blažević practiced athletics and football, having started his football career at Omladinac Vranjic and Jadran Kaštel Sućurac, before joining the HNK Hajduk Split academy. A forward, compared to Zlatko Vujović in his academy years, he became a youth national team player as well, but his stay proved to be rocky due to contract demands, with the player leaving the club for several months during his U17 years and training with GOŠK Kaštela, before returning to the team. Finally, in 2014, Blažević and his family refused to sign a professional contract with Hajduk, the negotiations having fallen through, the family stating that they felt Blažević wasn't being valued enough by the club, and, on the other side, the club not accepting terms such as one of the highest wages in the club, goal bonuses, guaranteed playing time, free-kick taking priority and others. Despite the urging of his agent Tonči Martić to stay at Hajduk, Blažević, subsequently admitting impatience, decided to accept an offer from the Belgian side K.V. Oostende.

## Levski Sofia

On 9 July 2022, he made his official debut for Levski Sofia in the 0:1 loss against CSKA 1948, which was the team's first league match for the 2022-23 season, but after that fell out of favor with coach Stanimir Stoilov and was removed from the first team.
# Neuro-Oncology (journal)

Neuro-Oncology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering cancer of the nervous system. It was established in 1999 and is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. The editor-in-chief is Susan M. Chang. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 10.091.
# Wednesday 9:30 (8:30 Central)

Wednesday 9:30 (8:30 Central) (later retitled My Adventures in Television) is an American sitcom which aired on ABC in 2002. The series was created by Peter Tolan.

## Plot

Idealistic television executive David Weiss joins struggling TV network IBS, only to discover it is a place of backstabbing, constant competition, and a fair bit of bad programming. His colleagues include: Mike McClaren, an exec who will do anything to get ahead in the business, including hiding his own homosexuality; Lindsay Urich, an air-head who gets by on her looks; Joanne Walker, who exists as the token black person at the network; and head of programming Paul Weffler, who has an ability to get things done but is so clueless that often it is by accident. Overseeing them all is the president of the network, Red Lansing, whose orders – no matter how far-fetched – are always right.
The series didn't shy away from surprising storylines. Episode one featured David sleeping with Lori Loughlin which caused a scandal at the network; episode three – "Death Be Not Pre-Empted" – featured the team going after ratings by airing the execution of a serial killer, and episode six revolved around David's attempt to please all sorts of minority groups without displeasing others.

## Cast

* Ivan Sergei as David Weiss
* Melinda McGraw as Lindsay Urich
* Ed Begley Jr. as Paul Weffler
* Sherri Shepherd as Joanne Walker
* James Michael McCauley as Mike McClaren
* John Cleese as Red Lansing

## Production

The series was a mid-season replacement, premiering on Wednesday, March 27, 2002 at (unsurprisingly) 9:30 p.m. Eastern and Pacific times, 8:30 Central Time – with the title being a play on the common U.S. network practice of promoting both airtimes. Series creator Peter Tolan had earlier written The Larry Sanders Show, Ellen and Murphy Brown. The series was able to attract big-name guest stars, such as Lori Loughlin, John Ritter, Garry Shandling and Lisa Rinna, who all appeared as themselves in the first few episodes. However, low ratings caused ABC to put the series on hiatus after just two episodes, and ultimately cancel it.
Three more episodes appeared after the May sweeps were over; on May 29, 2002, the show returned to its Wednesday 9:30/8:30 time slot, under the new title My Adventures in Television. The remaining produced episode never aired.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Ted Wass | Peter Tolan | March 27, 2002 (2002-03-27) |
| 2 | "The Art of Groveling" | Ted Wass | David J. Baldy | April 3, 2002 (2002-04-03) |
| 3 | "Death Be Not Pre-Empted" | Robert Berlinger | Daphne Pollon | May 29, 2002 (2002-05-29) |
| 4 | "Chinese Baby" | Peter Tolan | Jenji Kohan | June 5, 2002 (2002-06-05) |
| 5 | "Fired" | Ted Wass | Lesly Lieberman | June 12, 2002 (2002-06-12) |
| 6 | "Diversity" | TBD | TBD | UNAIRED |
# Leather Stocking

Leather Stocking is a 1909 American silent short drama film directed by D. W. Griffith, adapted from James Fenimore Cooper's 1826 novel The Last of the Mohicans.

## Cast

* George Nichols as colonel
* Mack Sennett
* Marion Leonard as colonel's Niece
* Linda Arvidson as colonel's Niece
* Owen Moore
# 2025 Prototype Cup Germany

The 2025 Prototype Cup Germany will be the fourth season of the Prototype Cup Germany. Organised and promoted by Creventic and German automobile club ADAC, the series will be contested with Le Mans Prototype cars.
The championship will remain with the Nissan VK56 V8-engines and is therefore the only championship in Europe, in which the second generation LMP3 cars can be used.

## Calendar

| Round | Round | Circuit | Date | Supporting |
| 1 | R1 | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, Belgium | 18–20 April | 24H Series |
| 1 | R2 | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, Belgium | 18–20 April | 24H Series |
| 2 | R1 | Hockenheimring, Hockenheim, Germany | 9–11 May | ADAC Historic Lotus Cup Europe |
| 2 | R2 | Hockenheimring, Hockenheim, Germany | 9–11 May | ADAC Historic Lotus Cup Europe |
| 3 | R1 | Lausitzring, Klettwitz, Germany | 23–25 May | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT Masters |
| 3 | R2 | Lausitzring, Klettwitz, Germany | 23–25 May | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT Masters |
| 4 | R1 | Norisring, Nürnberg, Germany | 4–6 July | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT4 Germany Porsche Carrera Cup Germany NXT Gen Cup |
| 4 | R2 | Norisring, Nürnberg, Germany | 4–6 July | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT4 Germany Porsche Carrera Cup Germany NXT Gen Cup |
| 5 | R1 | Nürburgring, Nürburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany | 9–10 August | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT4 Germany Porsche Carrera Cup Germany NXT Gen Cup |
| 5 | R2 | Nürburgring, Nürburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany | 9–10 August | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT4 Germany Porsche Carrera Cup Germany NXT Gen Cup |
| 6 | R1 | Red Bull Ring, Spielberg, Austria | 12–14 September | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT Masters Porsche Carrera Cup Germany ADAC GT4 Germany |
| 6 | R2 | Red Bull Ring, Spielberg, Austria | 12–14 September | Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters ADAC GT Masters Porsche Carrera Cup Germany ADAC GT4 Germany |
| Source: |||||

## Teams and drivers

| Team | Chassis | No. | Drivers | Class | Rounds |
| LMP3 Gen 3 ||||||
| TBA | Ligier JS P325 | TBA | TBA | | TBC |
| TBA | Ligier JS P325 | TBA | TBA | | TBC |
| LMP3 Gen 2 ||||||
| BWT Mücke Motorsport | Duqueine M30 - D08 | 18 | Maksymilian Angelard | J | TBC |
| BWT Mücke Motorsport | Duqueine M30 - D08 | 18 | Mattis Pluschkell | J | TBC |
| BWT Mücke Motorsport | Duqueine M30 - D08 | TBA | Riccardo Leone Cirelli | J | TBC |
| BWT Mücke Motorsport | Duqueine M30 - D08 | TBA | TBA | | TBC |
| Aust Motorsport | Ligier JS P320 | TBA | Sven Barth | | TBC |
| Aust Motorsport | Ligier JS P320 | TBA | Maxim Dirickx | | TBC |
| Gebhardt Motorsport | Ginetta G61-LT-P3 | TBA | Alexzander Kristiansson | J | TBC |
| Gebhardt Motorsport | Ginetta G61-LT-P3 | TBA | TBA | | TBC |
| Icon | Legend |
| J | Junior |
| T | Trophy |
| G | Guest |
# Thai Dai Van Nguyen

Thai Dai Van Nguyen (born 12 December 2001) is a Czech chess grandmaster.

## Biography

Nguyen's father is a Vietnamese businessman.
In 2011, Nguyen won the Czech Youth Chess Championship in the U10 age group. After that, he twice in a row won the Czech Youth Chess Championship in the U12 age group (2012, 2013).
In 2016, Nguyen was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title and received the FIDE Grandmaster (GM) title two years later. At just 16, Nguyen became the youngest chess grandmaster in the Czech Republic.
In 2017, he participated in the Budapest International Chess Tournaments First Saturday, where he won twice. He participated in the European Youth Chess Championships and World Youth Chess Championships in the different age groups. Best result - in 2019, in Bratislava, Nguyen won the European Youth Chess Championship in the O18 age group.
He played in Chess World Cup 2021, winning in the first round against Ádám Kozák but getting knocked out in the second round after losing against Andrey Esipenko.
In 2025, Nguyen won the Challengers section of Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2025, tied with Azerbaijani grandmaster Aydin Suleymanli for the first place, but clutching the victory on the tiebreaks.
# Foodspring

Foodspring is a German startup founded in 2013, which primarily sells sports nutrition such as protein powder and protein bars, but also 'fitness versions' of common foods. It was sold to Mars Inc. in 2019. All customer-facing operations will end by June 30, 2025.

## History

In 2013, Tobias Schüle and Philipp Schrempp founded the company in Berlin together with the ECONA AG.
It was purchased by Mars Inc. in 2019 for approximately 300 million euro through its investment arm Mars Edge. At the time, it had 130 employees. At the time, it was planned that the founders Schrempp and Schüle would remain in their respective positions at the company.
In 2021, the founders left the company, and were replaced by Gerrit Meier. As of 2024, the company has 180 employees.
In 2023, Christian Bubenheim was named as the new chief executive officer.
On March 04 2025, due to challenging market conditions, the company declared it took the decision to end all customer-facing operations by June 30, 2025.

## Products and reception

The company sells protein powder and shakes, as well as Protein bars, porridge, pancake mix and other food marketed as functional sports nutrition. The products are sold in 17 different countries.
Their products have been ranked favourably in product reviews, including by GQ Germany and Vogue Germany.
In 2020, a bread mix was recalled due to contamination with Ethylene oxide.
# Russian destroyer Letun

Letun (Russian: Летун) was one of eight Orfey-class destroyers built for the Russian Imperial Navy during World War I. Completed in 1916, she served with the Baltic Fleet during the war, but struck a naval mine in October that crippled her. The ship was under repair in Reval, Estonia, when the Soviets evacuated the city. Abandoned, Letun was broken up for scrap in 1927.