OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Village Hobby Shop

The Village Hobby Shop is a historic building in the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Built on Main Street (now State Route 29) in the late 19th century, it is one of the village's oldest extant commercial buildings, and it has been named a historic site.

## History

Mechanicsburg was settled in 1814, but it initially grew slowly; the 1830 census found just 99 people in the village.$^{:14}$ Businesses were well established on Main Street downtown by 1840,$^{:37}$ but little survives of that period's commercial district, as multiple great fires afflicted the community. While some of these fires harmed the village by destroying important businesses, including a major factory on South Main, others ultimately benefited the community by destroying ramshackle buildings and forcing the construction of better structures.$^{:43}$ Following the Civil War, Mechanicsburg entered into a boom period, and the Village Hobby Shop was one of numerous commercial buildings erected during the period. Mechanicsburg had always served as the commercial center for farmers in the nearby countryside, but the boom of the late nineteenth century saw its commerce expand substantially; by 1890, one could buy drugs and jewelry downtown, as well as groceries and dry goods.$^{:5}$ The Hobby Shop building was typical of the period; built in 1880, it was home to Trader's Bank and to Schetter's Jewelry Store at different times. Starting in 1901 and continuing into the 1910s, the building was home to John Brinnon's Meat Market.$^{:68}$ By 2010, the building had become home to a beauty parlor.

## Architecture

The Village Hobby Shop is a thoroughly brick building; its walls, its foundation, and its decorative elements are all brick masonry. Numerous architectural elements combine to make it a clear example of the Italianate style of architecture, including the massive arches over the large display windows, a small cornice over the entrance and windows, and the imitation arcade situated underneath the bracketed upper cornice.

## Preservation

In 1985, the Village Hobby Shop was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its place in Ohio's history. It was part of a multiple property submission of approximately twenty buildings, scattered throughout the village in such a low concentration that a historic district designation was not practical.$^{:8}$ Many of the twenty buildings were residences or churches, but the Hobby Shop was one of several commercial buildings in the group, along with Hamer's General Store, the Magruder Building, the 1830 Lawler's Tavern, and the four buildings of the Mechanicsburg Commercial Historic District.
# Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space

The Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space (MoRUS) is a not-for profit museum founded by the Times Up! Environmental Organization in 2012. It is dedicated to archiving the history of community gardens, squatting, and grassroots environmental activism of the Lower East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Located in the storefront of C-Squat at 155 Avenue C, the museum documents how neighborhood residents transformed abandoned spaces and lots in the neighborhood into squats and gardens. By preserving the neighborhood's history, the museum aims to educate communities and individuals to keep this form of sustainable, community-based activism alive.$^{:247–264}$

## Background

During the 1970s recession, New York City cut back social services in many neighborhoods, which particularly affected the Lower East Side. Many landlords vacated their buildings, despite people still living in them, which lead to a large-scale diaspora from the neighborhood. The neighborhood was home to many artists, musicians, and activists. Residents actively resisted disinvestment on the part of the city and landlords, and instead of moving out, reclaimed these spaces. They repaired abandoned buildings, transforming them into communal living spaces such as homesteads, squats, and community centers.$^{:249–253}$ In these spaces the new residents held collective meetings, skill-shares, and workdays to manage these spaces, while vacant lots were transformed into community gardens that served as gathering places.
The Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space was founded by Bill Di Paola and Laurie Mittelmann to preserve the history of New York City's Lower East Side and promote the local communities that came together in order to make the neighborhood a cultural icon on New York City.

## Museum

The museum is located in the storefront of C-Squat, one of the few still-occupied squats on the Lower East Side. The museum is "decidedly local", run by local volunteers, and presents the neighborhood's history through a combination of exhibitions, walking tours, and events. Permanent exhibitions explore various themes aspects of the neighborhood's radical history, including sustainability, activist spaces, and the Occupy Wall Street movement. Rotating exhibitions have covered 1980s political street posters and stencils and the community garden movement; a current exhibition documents the punk movement and its politics. The educational walking tours lead participants through neighborhood squats and community gardens, describing complex histories and struggles with developers and police over the control of urban space in the East Village. The tour guides are neighborhood activists and historians. The museum claims that these activities and exhibitions "seeks to connect the neighborhood's history of activism with the principle of sustainability".$^{:263}$ In 2020, the museum self-published a book, History of the East Village & Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space, which catalogs the history of MoRUS and that of the East Village.
* An event in the Museum's lobby.
* Volunteers work to preserve and protect the history of their neighborhood through archival work.
# Alphen, Gelderland

Alphen (also known as Alphen aan de Maas) is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of West Maas en Waal, and lies about 7 km north of Oss.
Alphen was a separate municipality until 1818, when it became a part of Appeltern. The statistical area "Alphen" includes the hamlets of Moordhuizen, Greffeling [nl], and Nieuwe Schans [nl].

## History

It was first mentioned in 1144 as Alfene. The etymology is unclear. It is often called Alphen aan de Maas to distinguish from Alphen aan den Rijn. The village developed along the Maas, and was originally a spread out settlement. The tower of the Catholic St. Lambertus Church dates from the middle of the 12th century. The church was constructed 1400. Between 1929 and 1932, the church was restored and enlarged. The Dutch Reformed Church is a modest building from 1818. In 1840, Alphen was home to 913 people.
The windmill Tot Voordeel en Genoegen lies just to the west of the village. The grist mill was constructed in 1798 and restored in 1963. An hydroelectric power station capable of producing 14 Megawatts of electricity has been built next to the wind mill.

## Notable people

* Tineke Strik (born 1961), politician

## Gallery

* Lambertus Church
* Dike shed
* Dutch Reformed Church
* Former steam pumping station at Nieuwe Schans
# Terpin

Terpin is an expectorant, used to loosen mucus in patients with bronchitis and related conditions. It is used as the hydrate (terpin·H$_2$O). It is derived from sources such as turpentine, oregano, thyme, and eucalyptus. It was used in the United States in the late nineteenth century, but was removed from marketed medications in the 1990s after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found a lack of evidence of safety and effectiveness. Elixirs of terpin hydrate are still available with a prescription, but must be prepared by a compounding pharmacy.
It can be prepared from other volatile oils like geraniol and linalool by adding dilute acids (5% sulfuric acid) to them.

## Medical uses

Terpin hydrate is an expectorant, used in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It is typically formulated with an antitussive, such as codeine, as a combined preparation.

## Adverse effects

Adverse reactions include depression of the respiration, sedation, coordination disorders, constipation, and urinary retention.
Long-term administration of the combination product of terpin hydrate with codeine may lead to codeine dependence. Terpin hydrate with codeine is often mixed with alcohol as codeine is not as readily as soluble in water. The high alcohol content (42 percent) may increase depression of the central nervous system, codeine metabolism, as well as abuse potential.

## Mechanism of action

A humectant and expectorant, terpin hydrate works directly on the bronchial secretory cells in the lower respiratory tract to liquify and facilitate the elimination of bronchial secretions. It also exerts a weak antiseptic effect on the pulmonary parenchyma.

## History

Terpin hydrate was first physiologically investigated by Lépine in 1855. He reported that it acted upon the mucous membranes and also the nervous system in a manner similar to the oil of turpentine.
The following preparations of terpin hydrate were available in the United States in 1907:
* Elixir of terpin hydrate
* Elixir of terpin hydrate with codeine
* Elixir of terpin hydrate with heroin

## Currently available expectorants in the United States

Currently, guaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate) is the only FDA approved expectorant in the United States. Besides terpin hydrate, other expectorants lacking evidence of efficacy include ammonium chloride, beechwood creosote, benzoin preparations, camphor, eucalyptol/eucalyptus oil, iodines, ipecac syrup, menthol/peppermint oil, pine tar preparations, potassium guaiacolsulfonate, sodium citrate, squill preparations, tolu and turpentine oil.
# Nalin Malik

Nalin Chandra Malik (born 1910, date of death unknown) was an Indian swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Malik also worked as a trainer at a swimming club located at Rabindra Sarobar.
# Nacunda nighthawk

The nacunda nighthawk (Chordeiles nacunda) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and heavily degraded former forest.

## Taxonomy

The species was formerly placed in the monotypic genus Podager, but was reclassified into the genus Chordeiles in 2011. The former generic name podager originates from the Latin meaning "a man suffering from gout" and reflects the awkward walking manner of this nighthawk. The specific name nacunda is derived from the Guaraní word for a "big-mouth".

## Description

The nacunda nighthawk is not only the largest of the highly aerial nightjars known as nighthawks and the largest species of nightjar in the neotropics, it is one of the largest species in the world. Its length, at 27.5 to 32 cm (10.8 to 12.6 in), is somewhat less than the great eared-nightjar, which is typically considered the largest species in the family, but the nacunda may actually weigh a bit more on average. Six specimens of nacunda nighthawk were found to average 159 g (5.6 oz) in body mass, with range of 130 to 188 g (4.6 to 6.6 oz). Its very large size, large head, and pale body with highly contrasting black primaries make the nacunda nighthawk easy to identify.
This species is noteworthy for its partially diurnal habits. Though a capable aerial forager, the nacunda nighthawk spends a considerable amount of time on the ground; it has notably long tarsi for a nightjar, and is more likely than other species to be seen standing on the ground, rather than resting on the surface.
# Bryce Peila

Bryce Peila (born May 8, 1990) is a former professional American football linebacker. After graduating in 2008 from Crater High School in Central Point, Oregon he attended Western Oregon University and played for the school's football team for four years (2009–12). Peila is second all-time in the Great Northwest Athletic Conference in career interceptions with 20. He also holds the record for return yards with 437 . After his college career was over, Peila kept in football condition while working outside the sport. In 2014, he worked out for Portland Thunder head coach Matthew Sauk and was subsequently signed to one-year contract to play for the team during their inaugural season. According to the AFL, he stands at 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) and weighs 205 pounds (93 kg). On March 10, 2017, Peila was assigned to the Washington Valor. On April 5, 2017, Peila was placed on recallable reassignment. On May 2, 2017, Peila was assigned to the Philadelphia Soul. On August 26, 2017, the Soul beat the Tampa Bay Storm in ArenaBowl XXX by a score of 44–40.
# Coeur d'Alene Casino

The Coeur d'Alene Casino is a Native American gaming enterprise run by the Coeur d'Alene people on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation in Kootenai County, Idaho, United States, northwest of Worley. The resort includes two hotel towers, the Circling Raven Golf Club, multiple restaurants, and 100,000 square feet (9,300 m$^2$) of casino floor space. The Coeur d'Alene Casino is currently one of the largest employers in the Idaho region.

## History

In 1992 the Coeur d'Alene people began the process of negotiating with the State of Idaho, inaugurating a bingo hall in 1993. The 20,000 square-feet property's initial cost was $2.7 million. The project was managed by chief executive officer Dave Matheson, who also served as tribal chairman and deputy commissioner of Indian Affairs during President George Bush Sr.'s administration.
In 1994 Matheson and eLottery chairman Robert A. Berman initiated the National Indian Lottery on behalf of the Coeur d'Alene people. The project consisted of the first multi-state lottery and was aimed at generating funds to help develop the Coeur d’Alene casino.
In 1994 the National Indian Lottery received approval from the federal government. It initially operated via telephone sales, and later through the Internet. Robert A. Berman assisted in the development of the technology for the project that managed and monitored necessary security, age and border controls required to process lottery transactions. In 1996 the casino received a $14 million expansion, and by 1998 it made net profits that totaled $9.2 million. The National Indian Lottery concluded in 1998 after receiving opposition from Attorney general Skip Humphrey via the District Court for the District of Idaho.
The casino has since gone through various major expansions and renovations. The resort currently includes two hotel towers, the Circling Raven Golf Club, eight restaurants, and 100,000 square feet (9,300 m$^2$) of casino floor space. Profits from the casino's revenues are invested back into the Coeur d'Alene community in areas of education and finance, including investments in property and land. In 2016, Francis SiJohn became the casino's new CEO.

## Facilities

The Coeur d'Alene Casino includes 2,000 gaming machines (video poker, ShuffleMaster electronic tables, slots, and keno), a bingo hall, entertainment venues, retail areas, and multiple restaurants. It also includes a luxury hotel and the award-winning Circling Raven Golf Club.
# Institute for Theoretical Computer Science

The Institute for Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS; Chinese: 清华大学理论计算机科学研究中心) is a scholastic research institute headed by Professor Andrew Yao at Tsinghua University in Beijing. In 2010, the institute became part of Tsinghua University's Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences.
The ITCS has hosted several academic events, including the tenth International Conference on Theory and Practice of Public-Key Cryptography (PKC) on April 16–20, 2007.
# Villarán Bridge

The Villarán Bridge (Spanish: Puente Villarán), also known as the Canóvanas Bridge, is a historic bridge over the Canóvanas River in Canóvanas, Puerto Rico. Built in 1892 on the highway between Río Piedras and Río Grande, its iron superstructure was imported from Europe and set on masonry abutments. It is the best-preserved example of an Eiffel pony truss bridge in Puerto Rico or the United States. By 1994, the bridge had been replaced by an adjacent span for vehicular use, but it remained open for pedestrian use.
The bridge was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1995 and to the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000.
# Bert Richardson (judge)

Robert Carl "Bert" Richardson (born 1956), is an American judge on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, to which he was elected in 2014.

## Early life

Born in San Antonio, Richardson's father was a United States Air Force fighter pilot, and the family moved frequently, living for periods in Argentina and in Europe. Richardson graduated from Judson High School in Converse, Texas, and received a B.A. from Brigham Young University, followed by a J.D. degree from St. Mary's University School of Law in San Antonio.

## Legal career

Richardson became an Assistant District Attorney in the Bexar County district attorney's office in 1988, and in 1998 became an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Texas in San Antonio. In 1999, Governor George W. Bush appointed Richardson to a seat on the 379th District Court. He remained on that office until 2008, when he lost a bid for reelection to Democrat, Ron Rangel. In 2014, Richardson presided as a special judge on call over the 2014 indictment of Governor Rick Perry for alleged abuse of office. During the course of the proceedings, Richardson was elected to the Court of Criminal Appeals, and thereafter denied the motion to dismiss the case against the governor. Richardson won reelection in 2020.
# Blastoff (Internet Money song)

"Blastoff" is a song by American hip hop collective and record label Internet Money, American DJ and music producer Diplo and American rapper Trippie Redd featuring late fellow American rapper Juice Wrld. It was released on August 28, 2020, as the second track from Internet Money's debut album B4 the Storm. An emotionally-driven melodic song, it sees the artists crooning about their past relationships. The song is a reworked version of a leaked track called "Tragedy".

## Background and recording

The song initially leaked under the title "Tragedy", with a different beat. One of the song's producer's, Nick Mira, also produced Juice Wrld's breakout hit, "Lucid Dreams". Mira recalled that "Blastoff" was done at least a year prior to its release. The song went through over 40 versions with different mixes and layouts tried out. Co-producer and Internet Money founder Taz Taylor said it "meant something" to him to have Juice on the album, as it was the final song they worked on. Taylor was working on "Blastoff" just a day before Juice's death, and called his verse "crazy". Originally, Juice and Trippie Redd's other collaboration, "6 Kiss", was to be included on B4 the Storm, however that track was instead released in November 2019.

## Composition

A soulful, melodic song, "Blastoff" contains a "delicate, Spanish guitar approach" laid over Juice Wrld's "heartbroken", "emotional" lyrics: "I should've turned away when I found out you were demonic / Let's be honest, you're the devil's daughter".

## Critical reception

In NME's album review, Kyann-Sian Williams stated: "Luckily the lower half of B4 the Storm is more cohesive than the top, a run that begins with a great display of braggadocio from the late Juice Wrld (aka Jarad Higgins) and Redd. The duo's chemistry has been undeniable – take their viral TikTok viral hit '6 Kiss' – and 'Blastoff' perfectly showcases their interconnected talents". HotNewHipHop's Mitch Findlay deemed the song a "bittersweet standout" from the album and said the duo make a compelling team. Jessica McKinney of Complex named it among the Best New Music of the Week, noting how the artists reflect on their past relationships.

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 63 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 155 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 5 |
| Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan) | 14 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 90 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 79 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 26 |
| US Rolling Stone Top 100 | 30 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Yekaterina Chemberdzhi

Yekaterina Chemberdzhi (Russian: Екатерина Владимировна Чемберджи́), also Katia Tchemberdji (nickname) or Jekaterina Wladimirowna Tschemberdschi (German form) (born 6 May 1960), is a Russian pianist and composer.

## Life and career

The daughter of Vladimir Posner and Valentina Chemberdzhi and granddaughter of the composers Zara Levina and Nikolai Chemberdzhi, Katia Chemberdzhi was born in Moscow and began her study of music at age 7. In 1978 she studied composition and piano at the Moscow Conservatory with Nikolai Korndorf and Yuri Kholopov.
After ending her studies, Chemberdzhi took a position from 1984 to 1990 teaching at the Moscow Gnessin State Musical College. In 1990 she moved to West Berlin. She has been active in international festivals as a pianist and as a composer. Her compositions were commissioned by such festivals as Berliner Festspiele, Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival, Tage Neuer Musik Zürich, and performed and commissioned by such soloists and ensembles as The Hilliard Ensamble, Charoun Ensemble, Sibelius Quartet, Staats- und Domchor Berlin, Singakademie zu Berlin, Münchner Kammerorchester, Boris Pergamenschikow, Natalia Gutman, Eduard Brunner, Charles Neidich etc. She has composed film music for several Russian and German films.

## Works

Selected works include:
* 1990: Sonate for clarinet and piano
* 1991: Heidelberg Trio, for clarinet, violin and piano
* 1991: In memoriam, for storyteller, piano, horn, violin and cello after poems by Anna Akhmatova
* 1991: In Namen Amadeus, for viola, clarinet, piano and tape
* 1995: Day and night: Hommage à M. C. Escher, for solo piano
* 1996: Labyrinth in memoriam Oleg Kagan, for string orchestra (3 quartets) and solo cello
* 1998: Max and Moritz, chamber opera after William Busch
* 2000: String Quartet No. 2, after Rainer Maria Rilke
* 2003: Opposition, for ensemble
* 2003: Three Bow Dances, for cello and piano
* 2003: Ma´or, for solo clarinet
* 2006: Abschiedsgesänge, for four vocal soloists and chamber orchestra after poems of Rainer Maria Rilke and Apollonius Rhodius
* 2007: Rettet Pluto!, Kinderoper
* 2009: Die Fragen des Bartholomäus, for five solo singers, choir, organ and orchestra

## Selected Recordings

Chamber Works
# Medeon (Acarnania)

Medeon (Ancient Greek: Μεδεών) or Medion (Μεδίων) was a town in the interior of ancient Acarnania, on the road from Stratus and Phytia (or Phoeteiae) to Limnaea on the Ambraciot Gulf. Thucydides mentions that it was crossed by the Spartan army during the Peloponnesian War, under the command of Eurylochus, between Phytia and Limnaea, on its march to Battle of Olpae in 426 BCE. It was one of the few towns in the interior of the country which maintained its independence against the Aetolians after the death of Alexander the Great. At length, in 231 BCE, the Aetolians laid siege to Medeon with a large force, and had reduced it to great distress, when they were attacked by a body of Illyrian mercenaries, who had been sent by sea by Demetrius, king of Macedonia, in order to relieve the place. The Aetolians were defeated, and obliged to retreat with the loss of their camp, arms, and baggage. Medeon is again mentioned in 191 BCE, as one of the Acarnanian towns, of which Antiochus, king of Syria, obtained possession in that year.
The site of Medeon is near the modern village of Katouna.