OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Christa Schleper

Christa Schleper is a German microbiologist known for her work on the evolution and ecology of Archaea. Schleper is Head of the Department of Functional and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Vienna in Austria.

## Life and education

Having initially gone to university to study languages and economics, Schleper eventually switched to studying biology. She received a Ph.D. at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in 1995 and subsequently did postdoctoral research at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.

## Work and discoveries

Schleper is known for research advancing understanding of uncultivated Archaea in marine and terrestrial systems. Schleper's early research on Sulfolobus was the first research to indicate the presence of a virus in a thermophilic Archaea. Schleper went on to isolate multiple thermophilic Archaea capable of growth under acidic conditions, and led 16S RNA surveys to define the distribution of crenarchaeota in terrestrial environments. During postdoctoral research, Schleper used biochemical information from a low-temperature crenarchaeota to propose a non-thermophilic origin for these crenarchaeota, a novel idea at the time it was proposed in 1997. Schleper's more recent research has advanced understanding of ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaeota. The research into ammonia-oxidizing archaea used the newly-isolated Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 to provide the first description of the genes and proteins shared by terrestrial and marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Schleper's research on Lokiarchaeota provides a platform to examine the evolution of life from single celled organisms into complex, multicellular organisms.
Schleper has three patents granted: Isolation and cloning of DNA from uncultivated organisms, Archaeon expression system and Nucleic acids and proteins from Cenarchaeum symbiosum.

## Awards and recognition

* 2001 EMBO Young Investigator Award
* 2011 Elected member of the American Academy of Microbiology
* 2017 Elected full member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
* 2022 Wittgenstein Award
# Gloom (card game)

Gloom is a tabletop card game created by designer Keith Baker and published by Atlas Games in 2004. It won the Origins Award for Best Traditional Card Game in 2005. Four expansion packs have been created since the release of the original game called, Unhappy Homes, Unwelcome Guests, Unquiet Dead and Unfortunate Expeditions. Additionally, In August 2011, Cthulhu Gloom, which serves as either a standalone game or a fifth expansion pack, was released, and one Cthulhu expansion pack has been released, called Unpleasant Dreams.

## Gameplay

The game is for two to four players who each are given control of an eccentric family. The object of the game is to lower the self-worth points of the player's own family with cards that cause negative events, eventually killing them. At the same time, positive points are played on opponent's family members. After one family is completely killed off, the player with the lowest Family Value (the total points of all dead family members) is the winner of the game.

## Other Versions

Expansion packs are available for the game, which each (except Unquiet Dead) add an additional family and allow for more than 4 players in the game. The packs also include new modifiers and Untimely Deaths. In 2013 a limited number of the TableTop Gloom Promo Expansion was released. Including in the deck are two unwanted guests (TableTop host Wil Wheaton and Felicia Day) that can wander from family to family.
There are also several spin-offs of the game, which are played separately from the original Gloom:
* Cthulhu Gloom uses a Lovecraftian theme for the game. A new element in that game are Story cards, which add special effects through the game, or extra points at the conclusion of the game. Cthulhu Gloom can be played with 5 players without an expansion pack.
* Munchkin Gloom is based on the Munchkin series of card games from Steve Jackson Games. It was released in the summer of 2015.
* Fairytale Gloom brings classic fairy tale characters and other elements to Gloom's unhappy setting. The game was released June 2015.
* Gloom in Space uses science fiction tropes and characters, many of which are nods to sci-fi favorites like Han Solo or The Doctor. It was released in early 2017.

## Critical reception

An element of the game that was appreciated by game designer Greg Costikyan was the optional aspect of storytelling involved when playing an event card, where a player can choose to explain the events that happen in the course of the character's life. Costikyan stated that this added "a unique aspect to game play and [made] the game play particularly enjoyable".

## Reviews

* Pyramid
* Family Games: The 100 Best
* Rue Morgue #45
# Potassium hydride

Potassium hydride, KH, is the inorganic compound of potassium and hydrogen. It is an alkali metal hydride. It is a white solid, although commercial samples appear gray. It is a powerful superbase that is useful in organic synthesis. It is sold commercially as a slurry (~35%) in mineral oil or sometimes paraffin wax to facilitate dispensing.

## Preparation

Potassium hydride is produced by direct combination of the metal and hydrogen at temperatures between 200 and 350 °C:
    2 K + H$_2$ → 2 KH
This reaction was discovered by Humphry Davy soon after his 1807 discovery of potassium, when he noted that the metal would vaporize in a current of hydrogen when heated just below its boiling point.$^{:p.25}$
Potassium hydride is soluble in fused hydroxides (such as molten sodium hydroxide) and salt mixtures, but not in organic solvents.

## Reactions

KH reacts with water according to the reaction:
    KH + H$_2$O → KOH + H$_2$
As a superbase, potassium hydride is more basic than sodium hydride. It is used to deprotonate certain carbonyl compounds to give enolates. It also deprotonates amines to give the corresponding amides of the type KNHR and KNR$_2$.

## Safety

KH can be pyrophoric in air, react violently with acids, and can ignite upon contact with oxidants. As a suspension in mineral oil, KH is less dangerous.
# Paper Mill Road station

Paper Mill Road station is a station on the D in Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It is located on Paper Mill Road at Smedley Park. Smedley Park named after Samuel L. Smedley, the local founder of the Delaware County Parks and Recreation Board.
Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Transit Center in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Media, Pennsylvania. As part of a major line renovation project in 2010 the shelter at the stop was re-roofed and painted, and a metal bench and platform plantings were added, providing passengers a pleasant waiting area and shelter from the elements. It also has free parking. However these are facilities of Smedley Park, rather than of SEPTA. No elevated platforms exist at this station. Unlike most stops along the D1 in Springfield, the Paper Mill Road stop is located along a section of single track that takes the line through wooded parkland west from Woodland Avenue to the western limit of the township (the Crum Creek Bridge) and a few hundred yards further into Nether Providence Township. Like station stops at Woodland Avenue, Thomson Road, Springfield Mall, and Bowling Green, passengers enter and leave the trolleys from the side of the single-track line where the shelter stands. At an isolated turnout in wooded Smedley Park in Nether Providence Township west of Paper Mill Road Station and east of Pine Ridge station, the line again becomes double-tracked for the stretch to the Media town border at Bowling Green station.
Paper Mill Road is the least used station on all of SEPTA, with 15 riders per day.
# Digital River

Digital River, Inc. is a privately held company headquartered in Minnetonka, Minnesota that provides global e-commerce, payments and marketing services. In 2013, Digital River reported having processed more than US$30 billion in online transactions.

## History

Joel Ronning founded Digital River in February 1994. The company began trading as DRIV on the Nasdaq stock exchange on August 11, 1998.
Joel Ronning stepped down as CEO in November 2012 after the company reported multiple quarters of losses. In February 2013, Dave Dobson was named CEO.
In late 2014, Siris Capital acquired the company for $840 million. The acquisition was completed in 2015, with Digital River being delisted from Nasdaq after February 13.
In July 2018, Adam Coyle was named CEO, with Dobson becoming Vice Chairman of the Board. Coyle had previously been on the board since 2015, and worked as an executive partner with Digital River's private equity owner, Siris Capital.
In January 2020, Christopher Bernander was named CFO.
Barry Kasoff was named CEO in the summer of 2024. Kasoff is also president of a consulting firm specializing in corporate turnaround management.

### Acquisitions and divestitures

In 1999, Digital River acquired Simtel from California-based company Walnut Creek CDROM Inc.
The company acquired Orbit Commerce and RegSoft.com in 2001.
CCNow and Freemerchant.com were acquired in 2002.
Digital River acquired SWReg in 2005 for a reported $8.8 million.
Other acquisitions include:
* eSellerate (2006)
* THINK Subscription (2008)
* Journey Education Marketing (2010)
* Fatfoogoo (2010)
* CCNow (sold to Snorrason Holdings in 2012)
* Journey Education Marketing (2013)

### Downturn and insolvency

In late 2024, merchants using Digital River's MyCommerce platform reported that they had not been paid money owed by Digital River since that July. Digital River disputed their claims of debts being owed.
On January 28, 2025, Digital River began the process of shutting down, citing insolvency due to multiple factors. They stated that all employees at their Minnesota offices would be laid off effective March 28, 2025 and that their German subsidiaries were also being shuttered.

## Security breaches

A security breach in 2010 resulted in nearly 200,000 customers' data being stolen. Digital River sued a man who tried to sell the data.
In October 2017, after Digital River had decommissioned the FireClick platform and released the domain in 2016, the websites for Equifax and for TransUnion's Central American division were reported to have been redirecting visitors to websites that attempted drive-by downloads of malware disguised as Adobe Flash updates. The attack had been performed by hijacking third-party analytics JavaScript from FireClick.
# Susanne Melior

Susanne Melior (born 1 September 1958) is a German biologist and politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2014 until 2019. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.

## Early life and career

Melior undertook her secondary education at the Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Extended Secondary School gymnasium and completed her higher education at the University of Greifswald; studying Microbiology. She was later employed at the Bad Frankenhausen District Hospital as a biologist. She also worked as a research assistant, an equal opportunities adviser at the State Parliament of Brandenburg.

## Political career

From 2004 to 2014 Melior was a Member of the State Parliament of Brandenburg. In addition, she was involved in local politics serving as a member of the Potsdam-Mittelmark District Assembly from 1998 until 2014 and was Langerwisch municipal representative from 1998 until 2003. She served as Chair of the Social Democratic Party group in both positions.
As Member of the European Parliament, Melior served on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (2014-2019) and the Parliament's delegation to the EU-Albania Stabilisation and Association Parliamentary Committee (2014-2019). In addition to her committee assignments, she is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of Animals.
In June 2018, Melior announced that she would not stand in the 2019 European elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.

## Other activities

* Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Member of the Board of Trustees
# Doom: The Boardgame

Doom: The Boardgame is an adventure board game for two to four players (two to five in the 2016 edition) designed by Kevin Wilson and published by Fantasy Flight Games in 2004. The game is based on the Doom series of first-person shooter computer games, though it resembles Doom 3 more than it does the first four Doom video games.
An expansion was released for the game in 2005, called Doom: The Boardgame Expansion Set, which adds difficulty levels to the game, new game pieces and updates to some of the original rules, as well rules to play on Deathmatch and Capture the Flag.
In 2005, Fantasy Flight released Descent: Journeys in the Dark, which is based on the Doom game. Soon after this, the company ceased production of Doom.
An updated version was released by Fantasy Flight in 2016, resembling the newly released DOOM.

## Gameplay

Players in Doom: The Boardgame are on one of two teams: the Invaders, and the Marines. All of the Invader pieces are controlled by one player, and the rest of the players each control one marine piece. Before each game begins, the players must choose a scenario to play in. A campaign consisting of five scenarios is included with the game, and many more have been created using freeware scenario editors. The player controlling the Invaders must get six frags to win, whereas the Marines must reach the exit to win. A "frag" is given to the Invaders if a Marine dies. When a Marine dies, it must respawn between eight and sixteen spaces from where it was killed. A common opinion is that the game is biased in favor of the Invaders - especially with four players. The designer of the game, Kevin Wilson, claims that he can win equally well no matter which team he is playing. Like many board games, it is common to develop house rules (called "mods" to fit the video game theme) to balance the game to players' liking.

## Reception

Doom: The Boardgame was the number one-selling board game in 2004.

## Reviews

* Pyramid
* Rue Morgue #45
# Unosumai Station

Unosumai Station (鵜住居駅, Unosumai-eki) is a Sanriku Railway Company railway station located in Kamaishi, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

Unosumai Station is served by the Rias Line. Formerly, it was served by the Yamada Line. The station was located 44.9 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Sakari Station.

## Station layout

Unosumai Station had a single island platform connected to the station building, by an underground passage. The station was unattended.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Rias Line | for Miyako , and Kuji |
| 2 | ■ Rias Line | for Kamaishi , and Sakari |

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Rias Line |||||
| Ryōishi | Ryōishi | - | Ōtsuchi | Ōtsuchi |

## History

Unosumai Station opened on 17 September 1939. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987. The station (along with most of the surrounding area) was destroyed by the 11 March 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
As of 2018, the station have been rebuilt along with the rest of the closed segment of the Yamada Line. It was transferred to the Sanriku Railway upon completion on 23 March 2019. This segment joined up with the Kita-Rias Line on one side and the Minami-Rias Line on the other, which together constitutes the entire Rias Line. Accordingly, this station became an intermediate station of Rias Line.

## Surrounding area

* National Route 45
# Failbetter Games

Failbetter Games Ltd is a British video game developer and interactive fiction studio based in London.

## History

Founded in 2009 by Alexis Kennedy and Paul Arendt, Failbetter is chiefly known for its Fallen London Victorian Gothic franchise (comprising, to date, the Fallen London and Silver Tree browser games and the Sunless Sea, Sunless Skies and Mask of the Rose video games), which has garnered a cult following. Failbetter was also commissioned by BioWare to build a browser-game prologue for Dragon Age: Inquisition, and by UK publisher Harvill Secker to create a puzzle game to accompany The Night Circus. The studio has consistently won acclaim for the quality of its writing, world-building and storytelling.
In 2016, Alexis Kennedy left Failbetter, citing a desire to work with a variety of other studios and work on his own smaller, more experimental projects.
In February 2017, Failbetter ran a successful Kickstarter for a sequel to Sunless Sea, Sunless Skies, raising almost half a million dollars. However, December that same year Failbetter unexpectedly laid off four members of staff, citing the under-performance of the Sunless Sea iPad port, and poor sales of their Sunless Skies in early access.
Failbetter was subsequently the target of an extensive but inconclusive investigative report by Eurogamer, which cited Kennedy and other unnamed staff in claiming poor management and a 'toxic' culture had developed since Kennedy's departure.
GamesIndustry.biz awarded Failbetter Games for being one of the best places to work in the games industry in the UK in 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2021.
On 8 June 2023 Failbetter released a romantic visual novel set in the Fallen London universe called Mask of the Rose, which is a prequel to the other games in the franchise.

## Games developed

| Year | Title | Platform(s) |
| 2009 | Fallen London | Android, Browser, iOS |
| 2012 | Tales of Fallen London: The Silver Tree | Browser |
| 2014 | Dragon Age: The Last Court | Browser |
| 2015 | Sunless Sea | iOS, Linux, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, OS X, PlayStation 4 |
| 2019 | Sunless Skies | Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch |
| 2023 | Mask of the Rose | Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows |
# IPad Mini (5th generation)

The fifth-generation iPad Mini (stylized and marketed as iPad mini and colloquially referred to as iPad Mini 5) is a tablet computer in the iPad Mini line, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. Announced in a press release along with the third-generation iPad Air on March 18, 2019 and released the same day. Its predecessor, the iPad Mini 4, was discontinued on the same day.
It shares a similar design to the iPad Mini 4 and features the Apple A12 Bionic chip, 64 or 256GB storage, a more modernly upgraded 7.9-inch Retina Display with support for Apple Pencil (1st Generation), True Tone display and Bluetooth 5.0. iFixit's teardown shows this iPad Mini is equipped with an upgraded 3GB of LPDDR4X RAM, the same as the iPhone XR.
The iPad Mini 5 was discontinued on September 14, 2021, with the announcement of the iPad Mini (6th generation).

## Features
### Hardware

The dimensions of the fifth-generation iPad Mini are nearly identical to the iPad Mini 4.
It was available in three color options - Silver, Space Gray and Gold.
It features the upgraded front camera system of the 7MP (1080p) camera used since 2016 starting with the iPhone 7 and continued with the iPhone XS, while the rear camera system continues with the older 8MP (1080p) used since the iPad Air 2 in 2014, as such, it cannot be recorded in 4K video. The iPad Mini uses a Lightning port and has a headphone jack. It has a True Tone display, which allows the LCD to adapt to ambient lighting to change its color and intensity in different environments. It also has a wide color display (Display P3 color gamut), which means it can shows more vibrant color compared to the previous generation. The iPad Mini 5 includes a Touch ID home button.
The Apple A12 Bionic chip powering the fifth-generation iPad Mini has a 66% higher clock speed than its predecessor, which had a 1.5 GHz dual-core processor; (the Apple A8 in the previous generation was clocked higher than in the iPhone 6). The Apple A12 Bionic chip has a 2.49 GHz six-core processor. The fifth-generation iPad Mini is 3 × faster than the iPad Mini 4, and supports Apple Pencil (1st Generation).

### Reception

The Verge rated the Mini 5 as a 8.5 out of 10, praising that it has the same specs as the larger iPad Air and had solid performance while noting that it had a "seven-year-old exterior design with huge bezels" and uses a Lightning port instead of USB-C.

## Timeline

* Timeline of iPad models vte
* See also: List of Apple Inc. products
Source: Apple Newsroom Archive.
# 2002 BP Top 8

The BP Top 8 2002 was the 28th edition of the competition featuring the top 8-placed teams at the conclusion of the Premiership season and the last under its then sponsored name, the BP Top 8.
It was won for the first time by Santos, who defeated Mamelodi Sundowns 2–0 in the final. Santos had won the Premiership for the first time the previous season.

## Teams

The following 8 teams are listed according to their final position on the league table in the previous season of the Premiership.
* Santos
* SuperSport United
* Orlando Pirates
* Jomo Cosmos
* Mamelodi Sundowns
* Moroka Swallows
* Wits University
* Kaizer Chiefs
* Lamontville Golden Arrows
* Black Leopards
# Gaon (Hebrew)

Gaon (Hebrew: גאון, gā'ōn, lit. 'pride', plural geonim, גְּאוֹנִים‎, gĕ'ōnīm) was originally a formal title for the Geonim, heads of Talmudic academies in the 6th–11th century. Since the rishonic period, many great rabbis, whether or not they head academies, are often lauded with this honorific as a mark of respect; for example, one may refer to Ovadia Yosef as "HaGaon Ovadia Yosef". Modern Hebrew reuses the word as an equivalent for "genius" based on phonetic similarity.

## Etymology

It may have originated as a shortened version of "Rosh Yeshivat Ge'on Ya'akov", although there are alternative explanations. In Ancient Hebrew, it referred to arrogance and haughty pride (Amos 6:8 – "I abhor the pride of Jacob and detest his fortresses; I will deliver up the city and everything in it.") and, according to another explanation, it later became known as a general term for pride, and the title was used as "Pride [of]".

## Examples

One of the Geonim during the period 589–1040. Prominent Geonim include:
* Yehudai Gaon (Gaon 757–761)
* Sar Shalom Ben Boaz (Gaon 838–848)
* Natronai ben Hilai, Gaon of Sura (Gaon to 857)
* Amram Gaon, Gaon of Sura (Gaon 857–875)
* Saadia Gaon (882/892 – 942)
* Zemah ben Hayyim (Gaon 889–895)
* Sherira Gaon (906–1006)
* Samuel ben Hofni (died 1034)
* Hai Gaon (939–1038)
A honorific title given to a few leading rabbis of other countries in the same period, such as:
* Achai Gaon (?-753-?)
* Nissim Gaon (990–1062)
Specific rabbis of later periods, called "gaon", include:
* The Vilna Gaon (1720–1797)
* The Rogatchover Gaon (1858–1936)
* The Steipler Gaon (1899–1985)