# Zhongwei

Zhongwei (simplified Chinese: 中卫; traditional Chinese: 中衛; pinyin: Zhōngwèi; Wade–Giles: Chung-wei; lit. 'middle guard', Xiao'erjing: جْووِ شِ) is a prefecture-level city of Ningxia, People's Republic of China. It has an area of 16,986.1 km$^2$ (6,558.4 sq mi) and a population of 1,174,600 in 2019. The city is known for its wolfberry and Gobi watermelon cultivation. One of the world's largest photovoltaic power station, Tengger Desert Solar Park, is located in Zhongwei.

## History

Under general Meng Tian, the Qin captured the area of Zhongwei and established the Beidi Commandery. In 205 BC a city built at the current location of Zhongwei urban area, which would grow as irrigation systems were built to allow farming.
In 1226 Genghis Khan captured Zhongwei, and in 1403 the city was named Zhongwei, part of Shaanxi.
In 1920 Zhongwei was struck by the Haiyuan earthquake; and in 1926 the highway from Lanzhou to Zhongwei opened.

## Tourism

Zhongwei's main attraction is Gao Miao, a temple that has hosted Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist ceremonies. A bomb shelter was also built beneath the temple during the Cultural Revolution. It has since been converted into a rendition of a Buddhist hell. The prefecture is also the location of the beginning of the northern bend in the Yellow River that produces the Ordos Loop. A drum tower is located in the city center.

## Administrative divisions

Map :
| Shapotou Zhongning County Haiyuan County ||||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Xiao'erjing | Population (2019) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Shapotou District | 沙坡头区 | Shāpōtóu Qū | شَاپُوَتِوْ ٿِيُوِ‎ | 414,200 | 4,633 | 89 |
| Zhongning County | 中宁县 | Zhōngníng Xiàn | جْونِئٍ‌ ثِيًا‎ | 351,700 | 2,841 | 124 |
| Haiyuan County | 海原县 | Hǎiyuán Xiàn | خَيْ‌يُوًا ثِيًا‎ | 403,900 | 6,979 | 58 |

## Geography

Zhongwei is located on the northern banks of the Yellow River and bordered directly by the Tengger Desert in the north. The city has been battling desertification since the 1950s. Using straw checkerboard patterns the advance of sand dunes is stopped.

### Climate

Climate data for Zhongwei, elevation 1,227 m (4,026 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 33.6 (92.5) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.4 (95.7) | 37.6 (99.7) | 36.3 (97.3) | 35.7 (96.3) | 29.6 (85.3) | 22.7 (72.9) | 15.2 (59.4) | 37.6 (99.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) | 6.4 (43.5) | 13.4 (56.1) | 20.5 (68.9) | 24.8 (76.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.2 (82.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 18.0 (64.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 2.7 (36.9) | 17.3 (63.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.0 (19.4) | −2.1 (28.2) | 5.1 (41.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.5 (63.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 9.7 (49.5) | 2.2 (36.0) | −4.8 (23.4) | 9.7 (49.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.1 (8.4) | −8.5 (16.7) | −1.5 (29.3) | 5.0 (41.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 14.8 (58.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.6 (51.1) | 3.4 (38.1) | −3.0 (26.6) | −10.2 (13.6) | 3.4 (38.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −29.1 (−20.4) | −27.1 (−16.8) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −8.7 (16.3) | −3.8 (25.2) | 5.4 (41.7) | 8.1 (46.6) | 7.1 (44.8) | −2.7 (27.1) | −11.4 (11.5) | −15.3 (4.5) | −28.8 (−19.8) | −29.1 (−20.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.9 (0.07) | 1.1 (0.04) | 4.2 (0.17) | 8.9 (0.35) | 17.9 (0.70) | 27.0 (1.06) | 40.5 (1.59) | 43.5 (1.71) | 29.2 (1.15) | 13.2 (0.52) | 2.5 (0.10) | 0.6 (0.02) | 190.5 (7.48) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.9 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 47.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.9 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 11.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 46 | 42 | 39 | 46 | 54 | 62 | 67 | 68 | 60 | 59 | 55 | 54 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 210.7 | 214.2 | 248.0 | 265.8 | 295.5 | 294.5 | 286.4 | 267.5 | 223.9 | 237.8 | 219.9 | 214.4 | 2,978.6 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 68 | 69 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 64 | 64 | 61 | 69 | 73 | 72 | 67 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

* Zhongwei Shapotou Airport
* Baotou–Lanzhou railway
* Baoji–Zhongwei railway, to points south (connections to Xi'an, Chengdu)
* Taiyuan-Zhongwei-Yinchuan railway, to the east (connection to Beijing)
* Gantang–Wuwei railway, to western Gansu and westward
* Zhongwei–Lanzhou high-speed railway
* G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway
* G2012 Dingbian–Wuwei Expressway
* China National Highway 109

## Gallery

* Desert Lake
* Desert Lake
* Desert Lake
* Shapotou scenic area
* Camels in Shapotou
* Zhongwei cultural centre