# Francine Niyonsaba

Francine Niyonsaba (born May 5, 1993) is a Burundian runner who specialized in the 800 metres and shifted to longer distances in 2019. She was the 2016 Rio Olympics silver medalist in the women's 800 metres. Her silver medal was the first Olympic medal for Burundi since 1996. Niyonsaba won a silver in the event at the 2017 World Championships.
She is a two-time 800m world indoor champion, having won 800m in 2016 and 2018. After her move to longer distances, Niyonsaba finished fifth over the 10,000 metres at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. With a time of 5:21.56, Niyonsaba holds the African record in the 2000 metres, set in 2021, along with seven Burundian records. Her 2000 metres time was previously the world record until it was broken by Jessica Hull in 2024, who ran 5:19.70.
In 2019, World Athletics announced that Niyonsaba would not be allowed to compete under the female classification in events between 400 metres and one mile due to its regulations on XY DSD athletes with naturally high testosterone levels.

## Career

Francine Niyonsaba quickly rose to prominence in 2012 while still a teenager. The first time she set the 800 metres record was in late June 2012 while narrowly winning the 2012 African Championships in Athletics in 1:59.11 in what was only her third competitive race. At that, she improved upon her own previous national record of 2:02.13, set in the qualifying round. In the opening round race, the inexperienced runner had opened up a 30 meters lead the pack. Three weeks later, on July 20, 2012, she improved the record again to 1:58.68 while finishing second at the 2012 Diamond League meeting at Herculis.
During the 2012 London Olympics, Niyonsaba reduced her own 800 m record to 1:58.67 on 9 August, in the semi-final round. It was a 0.01 seconds improvement on her previous record. Two days later, she finished seventh (subsequently upgraded to fifth as a result of the doping disqualifications of Russian athletes Elena Arzhakova and Mariya Savinova) in the final. Less than a month later, she took the record down to 1:56.59.
In 2016, Niyonsaba won the 800 meters at the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships with a time of 2:00.01. Competing at the Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro later that year, she claimed her first Olympic medal, a silver in the women's 800 m in a time of 1:56.49, behind Caster Semenya of South Africa. Niyonsaba finished second in 800 meters seven race series of Diamond League. She improved her personal best to 1:56.24 at the Herculis meet in Monaco.
In 2017, Niyonsaba earned a new personal best and national record at the Monaco Diamond League after winning the 800 m there in a time of 1:55.47 on July 21. With this time, she was the world leader heading into the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London. At the event, she won a silver with a time of 1:55.92. She led throughout the majority of the race, but Caster Semenya used her phenomenal final kick to pass the Burundian on the home stretch once again and win gold.

## World Athletics ruling

In 2019, it was revealed that Niyonsaba was born with the 46,XY karyotype and an intersex condition after her qualification for IAAF women's competition was ruled out by the association's new regulations for athletes with XY differences of sexual development, testosterone levels above 5 nmol/L, and androgen sensitivity. Due to her stress fracture, Niyonsaba missed the 2022 World Athletics Championships in Oregon.
She was one of the athletes whose cases were profiled in Phyllis Ellis's 2022 documentary film Category: Woman.

## Achievements
### International competitions

Representing  Burundi :
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Time | Notes |
| 2012 | African Championships | Porto-Novo, Benin | 1st | 800 m | 1:59.11 | NR |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 4th | 800 m | 1:59.63 | |
| 2016 | World Indoor Championships | Portland, United States | 1st | 800 m i | 2:00.01 | WL |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2nd | 800 m | 1:56.49 | |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 2nd | 800 m | 1:55.92 | |
| 2018 | World Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 1st | 800 m i | 1:58.31 | WL NR |
| 2018 | African Championships | Asaba, Nigeria | 2nd | 800 m | 1:57.97 | |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | – | 5000 m | DQ | TR 17.3.2 |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 5th | 10,000 m | 30:41.93 | NR |

### Circuit wins and titles

* Diamond League champion 5000 m: 2021
** 2012 (1 – 800 m): Brussels (NR)
** 2013 (3 – 800 m): Shanghai (WL), Eugene (WL MR), Paris
** 2016 (2 – 800 m): Birmingham (MR), Lausanne
** 2017 (2 – 800 m): Stockholm, Lausanne (SB)
** 2018 (2 – 800 m): Lausanne, Rabat
** 2021 [4]: Eugene (Two miles, MR), Paris (3000 m, WL MR NR), Brussels (5000 m, WL NR), Zürich (5000 m)
** 2022 (2): Doha (3000 m, WL), Eugene (Two miles, WL MR)