OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gresham, Wisconsin

Gresham is a village in Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 586 at the 2010 census.

## History

The community was named for Walter Q. Gresham, who was the Postmaster General at the time the post office opened in December 1883. Gresham was home to the Alexian Brothers' Novitiate, which after its closure was the site of a month-long occupation by the Menominee Warrior Society in 1975.

## Geography

Gresham is located at 44°51′11″N 088°47′17″W﻿ / ﻿44.85306°N 88.78806°W﻿ / 44.85306; -88.78806 (44.8530328, -88.7881604).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.24 square miles (3.21 km$^2$), of which, 1.14 square miles (2.95 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.10 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) is water.

## Demographics
### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 586 people, 239 households, and 145 families living in the village. The population density was 514.0 inhabitants per square mile (198.5/km$^2$). There were 280 housing units at an average density of 245.6 per square mile (94.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 67.9% White, 0.2% African American, 24.1% Native American, 0.7% from other races, and 7.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.2% of the population.
There were 239 households, of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.3% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.12.
The median age in the village was 36.7 years. 27.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 20.1% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.1% male and 50.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 575 people, 233 households, and 143 families living in the village. The population density was 503.3 people per square mile (194.7/km$^2$). There were 257 housing units at an average density of 225.0 per square mile (87.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 68.70% White, 0.17% African American, 23.48% Native American, 0.52% from other races, and 7.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of the population.
There were 233 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65.

## Education

Gresham is home to two public schools which serve 282 students.

## Images

* Welcome sign
* Post office
* Fire station
* Looking east at Gresham
# Zvánovice

Zvánovice is a municipality and village in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## History

The first written mention of Zvánovice is from 1320.
# Zvíkov (České Budějovice District)

Zvíkov is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Zvíkov lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of České Budějovice and 124 km (77 mi) south of Prague.
# Tony Award for Best Newcomer

The Tony Award for Best Newcomer was an honor presented at the Tony Awards, a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre. The award was given to actors and actresses for quality debut roles in a Broadway play or musical. It was presented only once, to two performers, in 1948.

## Winners and nominees
### 1940s

| Year | Performer | Production | Character |
| 1948 2nd Tony Awards |
| 1948 2nd Tony Awards | June Lockhart | For Love or Money | Janet Blake |
| 1948 2nd Tony Awards | James Whitmore | Command Decision | Tech Sergeant Harold Evans |
# Gretchen Jones

Gretchen Jones is an American fashion designer, who won the eighth season of Project Runway.

## Project Runway

During her run in Project Runway, Jones placed in the top two in the first three challenges, winning the first two. She was accused of manipulating and bullying her team during one of the challenges. Throughout the season, she admitted she got tired, and lost some of her inspiration. After struggling to regain her position at the top of the competition midway through the season, her collection at New York Fashion Week made her the winner of Season 8 in October 2010. The finale became memorable due to the longer-than-usual judging process and the heated debate between judges Michael Kors and Nina Garcia, who were clearly in favor of Gretchen's collection, and Heidi Klum and Jessica Simpson, who favored Mondo's collection over Gretchen's. Jones is regarded as the most controversial winner of the series since Project Runway's inception. Tim Gunn among others has been a vocal critic of the decision made by the judges.

## After Project Runway

After her Project Runway win, Jones moved to New York City to create a ready-to-wear line. In 2013, Jones joined Portland-based Pendleton Woolen Mills as its fashion director of womenswear.
In 2018, she graduated from the University of London College of Fashion with an MBA in fashion.
# Étienne Halphen

Étienne Halphen (27 May 1911, in Bordeaux – 11 August 1954, in Neuilly-sur-Marne) was a French mathematician. He was known for his work in geometry, on probability distributions and information theory.

## Biography

He was born as son of Germaine (née Weill) and Louis Halphen, a professor of history at Sorbonne, and grandson of Georges Henri Halphen and Mathieu Weill, both renowned mathematicians. He did his studies at École Normale Supérieure, where he received his agrégation in 1933. He worked as a teacher at Lycée de Sens (Yonne), where he was granted an indefinite leave of absence after a year due to health issues. From 1936 to 1940 he was member of the Research Group on Calculus of Probabilities and Mathematical Statistics. During the German occupation of France, he was banned from public service, but reinstated in 1945. During that period he was invited by Pierre Massé to join a statistics research group on hydrology at Societe hydro-technique de France (SHF). With the creation of Électricité de France in 1946, Étienne Halphen and his group including Lucien Le Cam and Georges Morlat were attached to the Service des Études et Recherches Hydrauliques. [Service for studies and research in hydraulics]. He work there until 1951, when his health problems required hospitalisation. Suffering from periods of depression, he took his life in August 1954.

## Works

* 1929 Theorem on quadrics
* 1938 Most independent random variable
* 1939a Convergence of estimates
* 1939b On covariation
* 1941a Harmonic distribution and Type A law
* 1941b Statistical analysis of water flow of the Rhine
* 1945 Planning of electric energy production
* 1946a Planning of electric energy production
* 1946b On the industrial value of a waterfall
* 1949 Estimation in probability and its application
* 1952 Class of hypergeometric functions
* 1953a Planning of electric energy production
* 1953b Statistical analysis of the association of eye color with personality development
Posthumously:
* 1954 Characteristic intrinsic function, covering results obtained in 1938 and 1939
* 1955a Functions related to parabolic cylinder functions
* 1955b Subjective probability
* 1957 Properties of a discrete probability space invariant under permutation of its points
An overview of Halphen's work on probability distributions is given by Georges Morlat.

## Awards

Étienne Halphen received the Prix Montyon de Statistique of the Académie des sciences posthumuosly in November 1954 for his work on statistical hydrology.
# Zwartówko railway station

Zwartówko is a dismantled former PKP railway station on the disused PKP rail line 230 in Zwartówko (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

## Lines crossing the station

| Start station | End station | Line type |
| Wejherowo | Garczegorze | Closed |
# Griffin's leaf-nosed bat

Griffin's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros griffini) is a species of roundleaf bats. First seen in 2008, it was formally described in 2012. It is found only in Vietnam, and only at two places, Cát Bà Island in northern Vietnam, and Chư Mom Ray National Park. It is generally similar to the species complex of the great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger), with which it shares the habitat, but has distinguishing characters. It is relatively smaller and its sound navigation, echolocation, is different.
According to the World Wide Fund for Nature report, it became one of the 367 important new species discovered in the Greater Mekong during 2012 and 2013.

## Etymology

Griffin's leaf-nosed bat is named after Donald Redfield Griffin, a professor of zoology at Rockefeller University in New York, who discovered animal echolocation.

## Discovery

Griffin's leaf-nosed bat was first noticed by Vu Dinh Thong in Chư Mom Ray National Park in 2008, during a three-year survey of bats in Vietnam. His research team was supported by the Conservation Leadership Programme (CLP), the Harrison Institute, the University of Tübingen, and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources. He collected the first museum specimen, now the holotype, on 20 August 2009. It is an adult male found in the Cát Bà National Park, Cát Bà Island, in Ha Long Bay. Vu Dinh Thong initially thought that it was a species of Hipposideros armiger but soon realised that its behaviour was different. The new bat remained calm when captured, while other species are always aggressive. Studies of the echolocation pattern and DNA analyses (cytochrome-b gene and partial D-loop sequences) revealed that it was a different species. The formal scientific description was published in the 16 February 2012 issue of the Journal of Mammalogy.

## Description

Griffin's leaf-nosed bat is similar to the species complex of Hipposideros armiger, but with distinct acoustics, size, and DNA sequence. The sound frequencies for echolocation ranges from 76.6 to 79.2 kHz, which is higher than the frequencies produced by H. armiger subspecies, which range from 64.7 to 71.4 kHz. Its wing is 8.3–9 cm long. Its head measures 2.8–3. cm. Its nose is like a layer of leaves, and the anterior leaf has 4 supplementary leaflets of which the 2nd is the widest and longest, while the outermost is narrow and short. The tip of the ear, pinnais 2.35–2.65 cm wide and 2.75–3 cm high. The body colour varies from brown to gray.
# Groningen-Assen metropolitan area

The Groningen-Assen metropolitan area includes the key cities of Groningen (230,000 inhabitants) and Assen (67,000 inhabitants) as well as the surrounding municipalities. Altogether it had over half a million inhabitants in 2018.
The airport of the region is Groningen Airport Eelde.

## The metropolitan region

| Municipality | Nos. of inhabitants | Nos. of inhabitants |
| Municipality | 01-01-2016 | 31-05-2018 |
| Assen | 67,061 | 67,776 |
| Bedum | 10,433 | 10,438 |
| Groningen | 201,200 | 202,332 |
| Haren | 19,076 | 19,895 |
| Leek | 19,536 | 19,680 |
| Midden-Groningen | n/a | 60,953 |
| Noordenveld | 31,039 | 31,353 |
| Ten Boer | 7,352 | 7,275 |
| Tynaarlo | 32,804 | 33,532 |
| Winsum | 13,633 | 13,552 |
| Zuidhorn | 18,794 | 18,921 |
| Total | 470,555 | 505,853 |
# Ånge

Ånge is a locality and the seat of Ånge Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden with 2,872 inhabitants in 2010.
Ånge is a railway junction where the northern main line railway (Norra Stambanan) connects with the central main line railway (Mittbanan). The rail yard at Ånge station is a major freight yard for the Central Region.
Ånge is also known in Sweden as "The Swedish version of Seattle" due to an impressive number of bands. Takida, The Grand Opening and Corroded are among many other bands from this area.

## Sport

The following sports clubs are located in Ånge:
* Ånge IF
* Ånge IK

## Notable people

* Musical group Takida
* Musical group The Citadel
* Musical group The Grand Opening
* Musical group Corroded
* Musical group Kill Kill Pussycat!
* Musical group Blowball
* Football manager Lars Lagerbäck
* Ice hockey player Samuel Påhlsson
* Ice hockey player Elias Pettersson
# Tony Kotze

Anthony Kotze (23 January 1931 – 13 April 2016), referred to in some sources as Anthony Kotzé, was a racing driver and racing car constructor from South Africa. He participated in four non-championship Formula One races and several sports car races, and is perhaps best known as the constructor of the Assegai, one of the only South African-built Formula One cars.

## Career

Kotze began racing in 1956, with a car he built himself. He took part in several sports car races, including the inaugural South African Nine Hour Endurance Race in 1958. In 1960, he bought a Lotus 16 (the chassis raced by Bruce Halford at the 1959 Monaco Grand Prix), which he raced at the Cape and South African Grands Prix.
Following this, he elected to build his own car. His design, the Assegai, drew inspiration from the successful Ferrari 156 F1 and Lotus 18, but featured new innovations such as the fuel tank being a stressed chassis member. He entered the car for the 1962 Rand Grand Prix but did not qualify. Select events followed, including the 1965 Cape South Easter Trophy.
Kotze assisted with the Assegai's restoration to 1962 Formula One regulations for participation in the 2016 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco, but did not get to see the car racing again. He died the month before the event, following a short illness.
# Tony Kornman

Anthony "Tony" Kornman (1887 – 17 December 1942) was an American cinematographer, who worked on three films: Cameron of the Royal Mounted (1921), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Ridin' Streak (1929). He was considered a specialist in special effects.
# Çampınar, Bolu

Çampınar is a village in the Bolu District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 184 (2021).
# Çampınar, Mut

Çampınar (formerly Kahdama) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mut, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 244 (2022). It is to the northwest of Mut. The distance to Mut is 60 kilometres (37 mi) and to Mersin is 225 kilometres (140 mi).
# Çamrak, Güney

Çamrak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Güney, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 152 (2022).
# Tonica argessa

Tonica argessa is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1967. It is found on Luzon in the Philippines.
The wingspan is 30–32 mm. The forewings are white with a creamy tinge. The upper half is sparsely strewn with sordid pale ochreous-greyish dots and a few dark brown minute scales. There is a transverse almost straight crest of raised scales, mixed with sordid pale ochreous greyish and tawny, becoming slightly broader downwards, from the upper edge of the cell to the middle of the fold and a minute ochreous-greyish tuft on the base of vein six. There is also a straight streak of less glossy scales well before termen. The hindwings are yellowish white, with a silky gloss.
# Top kill

A top kill is a procedure used as a means of regaining control over an oil well that has been producing or is experiencing well control issues with crude oil or natural gas in the well. It is not a procedure where control has been lost over the well, like a blowout. The process involves pumping heavyweight drilling mud into the well. This procedure is expected to stop the flow of oil and gas from the well. A further step could be sealing the well completely, often with cement.

## In use

The top kill procedure was used to plug flaming oil wells, blown up by retreating Iraqi forces, in 1991, during the Gulf War.
This technique came to prominence during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill when it was used in an attempt to seal a seafloor oil well after the failure of the blowout preventer. However, it failed to block the flow of oil.
# Échillais

Échillais (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department in southwestern France.
# Éclusier-Vaux

Éclusier-Vaux (Picard: Éclusier-Veux) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Éclusier-Vaux is situated on the banks of the river Somme and just off the D1 road some 41 km (25 mi) east of Amiens.

## Notable people

* Marcelle Semmer (1895–c.1944) who was a decorated French resistance fighter living in Éclusier during World War I. She was awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre.
# Édouard Rist

Édouard Rist (16 March 1871, Strasbourg – 13 April 1956, Paris) was a French physician who specialized in tuberculosis research (phthisiology). He was the brother of economist Charles Rist.
In 1899/90, he served as an inspector of health and quarantine services in Egypt, and after his return to France, was named laboratory chief at the Hôpital Trousseau in Paris. From 1910 to 1937, he was a physician at the Hôpital Laennec, and concurrently served as a physician at the Dispensaire Léon Bourgeois (1912–37).
During World War I he was chef de service of typhoid and para-typhoid hospitals. In 1919, he was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal of the United States and made a commander of the Legion of Honour. In 1933, he became a member of the Académie de médecine, of which, he later served as its president. The "Clinique médicale et pédagogique Édouard Rist", located in the 16th district of Paris, is named after him.

## Selected works

* Études bactériologiques sur les infections d'origine otique, 1898 – Bacteriological studies on the origin of otic infections.
* Précis de pathologie exotique, (with Édouard Jeanselme), 1909 – Specifics of exotic pathology.
* La tuberculose, 1927 – Tuberculosis.
* Séméiologie élémentaire de l'appareil respiratoire, 1934 – Elementary respiratory symptomatology.
* Les Symptômes de la tuberculose pulmonaire (clinique, physiologie, pathologique, thérapeutique), 1943 – Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis.
* 25 portraits de médecins français, 1900-1950, (1955) – 25 portraits of French doctors, 1900–1950.
# Tony Rodwell

Anthony Rodwell (born 26 August 1962) is an English former professional footballer. His preferred position was on the right wing.
Prior to turning professional, Southport-born Rodwell played for his hometown club, Buxton, Runcorn, and Colne Dynamoes. His most successful period came under the guidance of Billy Ayre at Blackpool, where, in May 1992, he won promotion to the new Division Two after a penalty shoot-out win over Scunthorpe in the Division Four play-off final at Wembley (after losing out to Torquay at the same venue twelve months earlier). He followed Ayre to Scarborough when the latter became manager at the McCain Stadium in 1994.

## Blackpool

Rodwell joined Graham Carr's Blackpool from Colne Dynamoes in the summer of 1990. He appeared in 49 of Blackpool's 51 league and cup games in his debut 1990–91 season, as well is in their three play-off ties (scoring Blackpool's goal in their semi-final, first leg draw at Scunthorpe United, a goal he has named his favourite), making the number-7 shirt his own. He scored on his full debut, in a 4–1 victory over Wrexham at Bloomfield Road on 15 September, after deputising for the injured on-loan Phil Stant in the forward line. He went on to score a further six league goals during the campaign, the majority of which came under the managership of Graham Carr's assistant, Billy Ayre, who took over the reins when Carr was fired.
In 1991–92, Rodwell scored eleven goals in 42 league appearances, including a hat-trick in Blackpool's 5–2 win at Aldershot on 5 November 1991; however, all records against Aldershot that season were expunged when, at the end of the campaign, the club went bankrupt.
Rodwell made a further 57 league appearances and scored two goals in his final three seasons with Blackpool.
After a short spell at Scarborough (which included a loan stint at Wigan Athletic), and Witton Albion, he finished his playing career with non-League Hyde United .

## Post-retirement

In January 2003, Rodwell returned to his hometown of Southport to become an assistant to Mike Walsh (formerly a coach at Blackpool) and, later, Programme for Academic and Sporting Excellence (PASE)/reserve-team coach. In September 2004 he left the role as reserve-team manager and later the role of PASE team Head Coach to become the Press Association's statistical floor manager at Old Trafford and the Eithad. He regularly provides stats on Manchester United and Southport, when they are at home.

## Personal life

Rodwell is married to Pauline. His daughter, Stacey, played for Everton L.F.C., Manchester United W.F.C. and California State University, Los Angeles' women's team. He is an uncle of fellow midfielder Jack Rodwell.

## Honours

Blackpool
* Football League Fourth Division play-off: 1991–92
* Lancashire Cup: 1993–94
# Grose (surname)

Grose is a surname of two possible origins. Cornish origin: a toponymic surname for a person who lived near a stone cross, from Cornish "crows" or "crous" for "cross". French origin: from Old French gros: "big, "fat", a variant of surname Gros.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Brent Grose (born 1979), Australian rugby league player
* Daniel Grose (1903-1971), English cricketer and British Army officer
* David Grose (1944–2004), American archaeologist
* Francis Grose (1731–1791), antiquary and lexicographer
* Francis Grose (Lieutenant-Governor) (circa 1754 – 1814), Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales
* George Richmond Grose (1869–1953), American Methodist bishop
* Ingebrikt Grose (1862–1939), first president of Concordia College
* Ivan Grose (born 1928), Canadian businessman and politician
* John Henry Grose, British traveller
* Nash Grose (1740-1814), English Judge
* Walter Grose (1862–1940), Australian politician
* William Grose (1812–1900), American lawyer
* Mrs Grose, a fictional character, a housekeeper, in Henry James's novella The Turn of the Screw
# Ümit

Ümit is a unisex Turkish given name and occasional surname, meaning “hope”, originated from the Persian name, Omid. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Ümit Aydın (born 1980), Turkish footballer
* Ümit Haluk Bayülken (1921–2007), Turkish diplomat and politician
* Ümit Davala (born 1973), Turkish football coach
* Ümit Kaftancıoğlu (1935–1980), Turkish TV producer
* Ümit Karan (born 1976), Turkish football player
* Ümit Korkmaz (born 1985), Austrian footballer of Turkish descent
* Ümit Kurt (born 1991), Turkish footballer
* Ümit Yaşar Oğuzcan (1926–1984), Turkish poet
* Ümit Özdağ (born 1961), Turkish politician
* Ümit Sonkol (born 1982), Turkish basketball player
* Ümit Şamiloğlu (born 1980), Turkish artistic gymnast

## Surname

* Ahmet Ümit (born 1960), Turkish author and poet
* Tarık Ümit (1947–1995), Turkish intelligence official
# Çayan

Çayan can refer to:
* Çayan, Göynücek, a village in Amasya Province, Turkey
* Çayan, Sungurlu, a village in Çorum Province, Turkey
* Mahir Çayan (1946–1972), Turkish Communist leader
# Hampen Railway Cutting

Hampen Railway Cutting (grid reference SP062205) is a 3.9-hectare (9.6-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1974. The site is listed in the 'Cotswold District' Local Plan 2001-2011 (on line) as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS) and Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS).

## Location and geology

The site lies in the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is considered one of the best exposures of the Hampen Marly Formation of the Middle Jurassic period. The exposures in the cutting show the complete section from the top of the Lower Fuller's Earth Clay to the middle of the White Limestone Formation. This is a prime research site for understanding the variations in rocks of this age between the Cotswold shelf and the Wessex area.