OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hundred of Houndsborough

The Hundred of Houndsborough is one of the 40 historical Hundreds in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, dating from before the Norman conquest during the Anglo-Saxon era although exact dates are unknown. Each hundred had a 'fyrd', which acted as the local defence force and a court which was responsible for the maintenance of the frankpledge system. They also formed a unit for the collection of taxes. The role of the hundred court was described in the Dooms (laws) of King Edgar. The name of the hundred was normally that of its meeting-place.
It is also known as Houndsborough Barwick and Coker Hundred.
There were 11 places listed at the time of the Domesday Book, however at the time the hundreds were called Hundesbera and Licget or Liet. Licget or Liet. It was also called Coker Hundred at a later time.
It consisted of the ancient parishes of: Barwick, Chilton Cantelo, Chinnock (East, Middle, and West), Chiselborough, Closworth, Coker, Hardington Mandeville, Haselbury Plucknett, Norton-under-Hamdon, Odcombe, Pendomer, North Perrott, and Sutton Bingham. It covered an area of 18,890 acres (7,640 ha).
The importance of the hundred courts declined from the seventeenth century. By the 19th century several different single-purpose subdivisions of counties, such as poor law unions, sanitary districts, and highway districts sprang up, filling the administrative role previously played by parishes and hundreds. Although the Hundreds have never been formally abolished, their functions ended with the establishment of county courts in 1867 and the introduction of districts by the Local Government Act 1894.
# CITT

CITT can refer to:
* Canadian International Trade Tribunal
* Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation
* Canadian Institute for Theatrical Technology
* Center for Investment, Technology and Trade
# Hyloxalus chocoensis

Hyloxalus chocoensis, sometimes known as the Choco rocket frog, is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found in western Colombia to east-central Panama (where it is the only member of this genus). In Colombia it is known from Chocó, Valle del Cauca, and Antioquia. Anomaloglossus confusus from northwestern Ecuador were formerly confused with this species, but the identity of many other populations remains uncertain. Taxonomic uncertainty hampers knowledge about the species.

## Description

Hyloxalus chocoensis measure up to 28 mm (1.1 in) in snout–vent length. Dorsum is gray in preservative. A light dorsolateral line extends from the eye along the upper side of the body to the rear, where it nearly meet the line from the other side. Thighs are lightly barred. The lip line is white.

## Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitats are lowland humid tropical forests. It is an extremely rare species threatened by habitat loss. The Panamanian population is within the Chagres National Park.
# Vladimer Khinchegashvili

Vladimer Khinchegashvili (Georgian: ვლადიმერ ხინჩეგაშვილი; born April 18, 1991) is a Georgian freestyle wrestler who competes in 55–61 kg categories. He won a silver medal at the 2012 Olympics and a gold at the 2016 Olympics. He also won a world title in 2015 and European titles in 2014, 2016 and 2017. In 2015, he was selected as Male Georgian Athlete of the Year by the Georgian Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. Mayor of Gori Municipality since 2021.

## Career
### 2012 Summer Olympics

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Khinchegashvili beat Ibrahim Farag in the first round, before beating Radoslav Velikov, Amit Kumar and Shinichi Yumoto. In the Olympic final, he lost to Dzhamal Otarsultanov.
Following his medal at the 2012 Olympics, Khinchegashvili won silver at the 2014 World Championships. Khinchegashvili followed this by winning the gold medal at the 2015 World Championships. That year, he and Belarusian wrestler, Vladislav Andreev, were disqualified from the European Games, after their semifinal match descended into a brawl.

### 2016 Summer Olympics

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Khinchegashvili received a bye in the first round, before beating Nurislam Sanayev in the second round. He beat Haji Aliyev and Vladimir Dubov before beating Rei Higuchi to win Olympic gold.
In 2017, he won a bronze medal at the World Championships.
# Monchique (parish)

Monchique is a freguesia (parish) in Monchique Municipality (Algarve, Portugal). The population in 2011 was 4,817, in an area of 159.28 km².

## Main sites

* Nossa Senhora do Desterro Convent
* Monchique Church or Nossa Senhora da Conceição Church
* Fóia, highest mountain in Algarve
# Imre Kacskovics

Imre Kacskovics (23 September 1961, Budapest) is a Hungarian immunologist and the current dean of the Faculty of Science of the Eötvös Loránd University.

## Life

He was born in 1961 in Budapest and he has been married with 3 children.

## Teaching career

He obtained a degree in veterinary in 1987 from the University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest. In 1991, he obtained a degree in nuclear technology and radiation from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. In 1998, he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest. His thesis was entitled The examination of the VH and CH immunoglobin genes of the pigs (in Hungarian: A sertés VH és CH immunglobulin génjeinek vizsgálata).
In 1999, he was a Visiting scholar at the Brandeis University, Massachusetts, United States.
In 2019, he was appointed as the Dean of the ELTE Faculty of Science.

## Research

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary, he worked as a consultant for Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán. He was interviewed several times during the pandemic. In 2020, he was interviewed by Politico.
He was appointed as the Head of the Drug Development Consortium working under the auspices of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology. In October 2021, he said that the Hungarian COVID drug might be tested on animals in 2023.
On 13 September 2022, he delivered a speech at the MLE Citizen Science working group meeting in Budapest.

## Awards

* Bolyai János Research Fellowship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1998),
* Széchenyi István Research Fellowship from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Hungary (2001),
* Golden Medal of Szent István University (2006)
* "Innovative Researcher of the year 2010" from the Eötvös Loránd University

## Works

B Dudok, L Barna, M Ledri, SI Szabó, E Szabadits, B Pintér (2015). Cell-specific STORM super-resolution imaging reveals nanoscale organization of cannabinoid signaling. Nature neuroscience, 18(1), 75–86.
C Fekete, B Gereben, M Doleschall, JW Harney, JM Dora, AC Bianco (2004). Lipopolysaccharide induces type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in the mediobasal hypothalamus: implications for the nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Endocrinology, 145(4), 1649–1655.
# Syafiq Ridhwan

Syafiq Ridhwan Abdul Malik is a Malaysian ten-pin bowler. He was born on 29 November 1986 in Federal Territories (Malaysia). He bowls right handed with a 15lbs ball.

## Career

During 2012 QubicaAMF Bowling World Cup event, he became the first Malaysian to win the world cup.
# Black Summer (disambiguation)

Black Summer was a 2007–2008 comic book series.
Black Summer may also refer to:
* "Black Summer" (song), by Red Hot Chili Peppers, 2022
* Black Summer (TV series), a 2019 American streaming TV series
* 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, or "Black summer"
# CITU

CITU may stand for:
* Cebu Institute of Technology – University, educational institution in the Philippines
* Centre for Islamic Thought and Understanding (CITU), academic centre for Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
* The Centre of Indian Trade Unions
* CITU (Création Interactive Transdisciplinaire Universitaire) Lab, university laboratory for arts and new media of University of Paris VIII, France
# Bank of Madras

The Bank of Madras was one of the three Presidency Banks of British India, along with the Bank of Bengal and the Bank of Bombay. It was established on 1 July 1843 through the amalgamation of a number of existing regional banks and headquartered in Madras (now Chennai). It was merged with the other Presidency banks in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which later became the State Bank of India.

## Origin

In 1683, Governor William Gyfford (1681–1687) and his Council in Madras established a bank. In 1805, Governor Sir William Bentinck convened a Finance Committee that recommended the formation of a First government bank in India; the Madras Bank, which was sometimes called the Government Bank amalgamated Lord Krishna Bank, began functioning from 1 February 1806. It initially functioned from the Exchange Building—the building housing the present Fort Museum—within Fort St. George.
The Bank of Madras was formed in 1843 as a joint stock company with a capital of Rupees 3 million by the amalgamation of Madras Bank, Carnatic Bank, The British Bank of Madras (1795), and The Asiatic Bank (1804). Bank of Madras had a branch network spread into all the major cities and trade centers of South India, including Bangalore, Coimbatore, Madurai, Mangalore, Calicut, Tellicherry, Cochin, Alleppy, Cocanada, Guntur, Masulipatnam, Ootacamund, Nagapatnam, and Tuticorin. It also had a branch in Colombo, British Ceylon, now called Sri Lanka.

## Activities

The Bank of Madras undertook all the normal activities that are common to a commercial bank. The Bank of Madras, in the absence of any central banking authority during that time, also conducted certain functions that are ordinarily a preserve of a central bank. It also issued banknotes in the Madras Presidency. These included managing the banking business of the Presidency of Madras and offices of the colonial government of India located in South India, and managing the Public Debt Office of the Government of Madras.

## Milestone

The head office of the Bank of Madras was shifted to a new building, on South Beach Road, Madras, in 1897. The site was acquired for ₹ 100,000 in 1895, building was designed by Col. Samuel Jacob, and suitably modified and adapted by Henry Irwin (1841–1922), and constructed by Namperumal Chetty, a reputed builder, for ₹ 300,000. The building is an exquisite example of Victorian architecture. Currently, the building houses several offices of State Bank of India, including its main city office.

## Epilogue

The Bank of Madras merged with the two other Presidency banks—the Bank of Calcutta and the Bank of Bombay—on 27 January 1921 and the reorganized banking entity took on the name Imperial Bank of India.
In 1955, the Reserve Bank of India, which is the central banking organization of India, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India. On 30 April 1955, the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India.
# Hydrovatus sinister

Hydrovatus sinister, is a species of predaceous diving beetle found in India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Laos, Singapore and Malaysia.
The beetle is commonly inhabited in shallow, muddy water of open swamps, artificial ponds such as garden ponds, park ponds, quarry ponds, and slowly flowing irrigation ditches. The area is rich in rotten leaves, sedges and submerged plants.
# Vladimer Chanturia

Vladimer Chanturia (born July 1, 1978) is a Georgian boxer who competed in the Heavyweight (91 kg) division at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal.

## Amateur highlights

* 1996 competed at the 1996 Junior World Championships in Havana, Cuba as a Light Heavyweight. Result was:
** Lost to Khodor Zaher RSC-3
* 2000 won the bronze medal at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney as a Heavyweight. Results were:
** Defeated Mustafa Mahmoud Amrou (Egypt) RSCI-4
** Defeated Ruslan Chagaev (Uzbekistan) PTS (18-12)
** Lost to Sultan Ibragimov (Russia) PTS (4-19)

## Pro career

Chanturia turned pro in 2006 and won his first nine bouts against countrymen but showed only limited power.

## Mixed Martial Arts

Chanturia was defeated by Alistair Overeem in Fighting Network Rings, his only MMA bout.
# Marinovich

Marinovich is a surname found among the Croatian diaspora, an anglicization of Marinović. Notable people with the name include:
* Greg Marinovich (born 1962), South African photojournalist, film maker and photo editor
* Marv Marinovich (1939–2020), American football player and sports trainer
* Pierre Marinovitch (1898-1919), French flying ace of Serbian and Polish descent
* Todd Marinovich (born 1969), American and Canadian football player
# Gave d'Aspe

The Gave d'Aspe (French pronunciation:) is a torrential river flowing through the Aspe Valley, one of the three main valleys of the High-Béarn (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), in the southwest of France. It is 58.1 km (36.1 mi) long.
It is formed in the Aspe Cirque, below the Aspe peak, elevation 2,643 metres (8,671 ft), in Spain.
After joining the Gave d'Ossau, in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, it forms the Gave d'Oloron.

## Main tributaries

* (R) Arnousse
* (L) Gave de Baralet
* (R) Sescouet
* (L) Gave de Bélonce
* (R) Escuarpe, in Cette-Eygun
* (L) Gave de Lescun
* (R) Berthe, from Accous
* (L) Malugar, from Athas
* (L) Arricq d'Osse
* (R) Gabarret, aka Gave d'Aydius
* (R) Barrescou, from the Marie-Blanque Pass
* (L) Lourdios
* (R) Ourtau

## Départements and towns

* Pyrénées-Atlantiques:
| Accous Asasp Bedous Bidos Borce Cette-Eygun | Escot Etsaut Eysus Gurmençon Asasp-Arros Lées-Athas | Lescun Lurbe-Saint-Christau Osse-en-Aspe Sarrance Urdos |
# It's Not Luck

It's Not Luck (1994) is a business novel and a sequel to The Goal. Set several years after, the plot continues to follow the advancement of the main character, Alex Rogo, through the corporate ranks of large manufacturer, UniCo.
Author Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt, a business consultant known for his theory of constraints (TOC), continues to teach the reader his thinking processes through the eyes of Alex Rogo as he learns from his mentor, Jonah. In this book, the primary subjects are the resolution of conflict through the evaporating clouds method and the identification of root causes through the effect-cause-effect method.

## Synopsis

In this book the main character, Alex, conducts the reader through the essence of some TOC tools and applications, like the Thinking Processes and the TOC solutions for Marketing, Distribution and how to compose the Strategy of a company.
Alex Rogo, the new executive vice president of UniCo (which is in need of money), must turn around three newly acquired companies, knowing that if he succeeds, they will be sold off and the new owners will replace him, and if he fails, the companies will be closed - in either case, he will likely be fired. Using what he learned from Jonah, Alex manages to turn the companies around - two are sold, with UniCo keeping one due to it now being so profitable. The book ends with Alex set to become CEO.

## Characters

* Alex Rogo - Main character, and executive vice president of UniCo
* Stacey Kaufmann and Bob Donovan - Alex's friends from the previous books, and directors of two of the companies
* Brandon and Jim - Shareholders in UniCo, they come to respect Alex and his methods
* This article about a 1990s novel is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.See guidelines for writing about novels. Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page.
* v
* t
* e
# Wahkohtowin

Wahkohtowin is a Cree word which denotes the interconnected nature of relationships, communities, and natural systems. Its literal meaning is "kinship", but it is often used to refer to Cree law, or Cree codes of conduct.

## Etymology

In the Cree language, nêhiyaw wiyasowêwina literally translates to "Cree laws", with wiyasowêwina meaning the act of weaving. However, law is almost invariably referred to as wahkohtowin, which means "kinship", in reference to an individual's relationship with, and responsibilities within, the systems of which the individual is a part. As such, "wahkohtowin" is not totally equivalent to the dominant western conceptions of "law", for example because Cree wâhkôtowin does not refer solely to positivistic or formalistic rules. Rather, wahkohtowin is a set of obligations which flows from one's role within his or her community.

## Origins

Understandings about wahkohtowin may have sacred origins, may come from positivistic rules, or may come from observations about the natural environment. Knowledge from these sources is then processed through deliberation, ceremony, and storytelling. Cree law lives on primarily through stories, which are among the most important references for Indigenous law.

## Features

The most recurrent theme within wahkohtowin is the circle. Wahkohtowin connotes interconnectedness, so circles are used as symbols to represent the way in which every element of a system is part of the whole. This reaffirms unity under the Creator and within the community, and represents the continuum of life. Wahkohtowin sometimes physically takes this form; for example, a community may gather in circles for prayer, discussion, and healing.
Cree law uses different circles as a visual way to conceptualize different legal principles; there are usually four elements or stages comprising a given circle. For example, the most foundational circle-metaphor describes the four kinds of human beings; when one understands one's identity in this circle, then one accepts the responsibilities which accompany that identity. Envisioned as a series of concentric circles, children (the most treasured and precious) are placed at the centre. Old ones are next; they are the keepers and teachers of knowledge and represent the past. Women, the nurturers and protectors, are third, and men, who are responsible for safety, constitute the outermost circle.
Another important circle metaphor in the Cree worldview represents one's personal identity. The innermost level represents the individual, followed by the family, the community, and the nation, respectively. In the Cree worldview, identity is inseparable from land, home, community, or family; these things together constitute a healthy wahkohtowin.

## Teaching

Sweat lodge ceremonies are important in the transmission of nehiyaw legal protocols and teachings, because they allow beauty to persuade participants of the importance of law.
An initiative in Saskatchewan proposed a Wahkohtowin classroom, which focused on discussing law from a grassroots perspective.
# Bank of Madura

Bank of Madura was a Tamil Nadu-based bank established in 1943 by Karumuttu Thiagarajan Chettiar. It acquired Chettinad Mercantile Bank (est. 1933) and Illanji Bank (est. 1904) during the 1960s. The Bank of Madura was a Chettiar bank with a large customer base of over 2 million customers and a network of more than 280 branches and 40+ ATM centres spread across around 100 cities in India. The bank merged with ICICI Bank Limited, under Section 44A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, under the leadership of Chairman K.M. Thiagarajan. The Bank had roughly 44 billion INR in assets at the time of the merger, not accounting for inflation. The Reserve Bank of India approved the merger effective 10 March 2001. It was headquartered at Madurai.
The parties involved and news outlets alike described the merger as a positive strategic move. Bank of Madura shareholders approved the merger on 19 January 2001. Following the merger the Bank of Madura's share price initially rose sharply.
# Leucostoma (fungus)

Leucostoma is a genus of fungi in the family Valsaceae.

## Species

* Leucostoma amphibola
* Leucostoma auerswaldii
* Leucostoma curreyi
* Leucostoma excipienda
* Leucostoma kunzei
* Leucostoma kuduerense
* Leucostoma persoonii
* Leucostoma mangiferae
* Leucostoma massarianum
* Leucostoma parapersoonii
* Leucostoma persoonii
* Leucostoma pseudoniveum
* Leucostoma sequoiae
* Leucostoma translucens
# Supply and Depend

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Alt Press | |
| PopMatters | 6/10 |
| Punknews.org | |
Supply and Depend is the first full-length release by Warship, the band founded by Fran Mark and Rob Lauritsen, both members of From Autumn to Ashes. It was released on November 4, 2008 on Vagrant Records and features 10 tracks the band recorded with producer Andrew Schneider over the summer. Almost all of the songs from the album were played live on the band's recent tour with Reggie and the Full Effect.
Artist Brad Bacon made the cover of the album. Shirts with the album cover on them are also available at the band's shows.

## Track listing

* "Toil" – 4:34
* "Profit Over People" – 3:33
* "Wounded Paw" – 3:38
* "Where's Your Leash" – 3:49
* "Lousy Horoscope" – 4:33
* "We've Never Been Equal" – 2:48
* "Fetus Flytrap" – 4:13
* "Empty Vessel" – 2:52
* "The Waiting List" – 4:52
* "Indoors" – 3:57

## Personnel

* Francis Mark – drums & vocals
* Rob Lauritsen – guitar & bass
# Wodiwodi

The Wodiwodi or Wodi Wodi, also pronounced Whardi Whardi (according to an interview with Joan Mc Grady- nee Kearney in the early 1990s), are a sub-group of the Dharawal people, an Indigenous Australian people of the east coast of the continent.

## Language

The Wodiwodi language, considered to be a dialect of Dharawal, was partially described by William Ridley in 1875, who obtained his information from John Malone who had obtained information from his wife, Lizzie Malone, whose mother was a Shoalhaven Indigenous person.

## Country

The Wodiwodi are estimated, by Norman Tindale, to have lived over some 2600 square kilometres (1000 square miles) of country of the Illawarra north of the Shoalhaven River including Lake Illawarra, Berkeley and Hooka Creek. The area underwent significant change with sea level rise 18,000 to 7,500 years ago which completely displaced inhabitants of previous coastal areas and resulted in dramatic changes in distributions of peoples. The Wodiwodi descendants are considered one of the custodians of the land in this area. The Wodi Wodi track at Stanwell Park, New South Wales, now a walking track, was used by the Wodiwodi people before becoming an early cart track through the Illawarra Escarpment into the Illawarra.

## Mythology

The Wodiwodi word for the creator figure called Baiame by contiguous tribes, was Mirrirul, from the word mirīr, meaning "sky."

## Alternative spellings and names

* Wodi Wodi
* Woddi Woddi
* Whardi Whardi
* Illawarra (a regional name)

## Some words

* būnbāri (boy)
* būrrū (kangaroo)
* jiruŋgaluŋ (white man)
* kudjaguz (child)
* mirriguŋ (dog)

## Citations

* ↑ "Kiama Library".
* ↑ Ridley 1875, pp. 111–114.
* 1 2 Malone 1878, pp. 264–265.
* 1 2 Tindale 1974, p. 201.
* ↑ Wollongong City Council.
* ↑ VisitNSW.com.
* ↑ Malone 1878, p. 263.
* ↑ Ridley 1875, p. 111.
* ↑ Ridley 1875, pp. 111–112.

### Sources

* "Aboriginal Communities". Wollongong City Council. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
* Brown, M. A.; Brown, G. W. (21 September 1899). "Aboriginal words and meanings". Science of Man. 2 (4): 141–142.
* Malone, John (1878). Ridley, William (ed.). "Australian Languages and Traditions". Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 7: 232–274, 263–265. doi:10.2307/2841001. JSTOR 2841001.
* Mathews, R. H. (1898). "Initiation ceremonies of Australian tribes.Appendix Nguttan initiation ceremony". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 37: 54–73.
* Organ, Michael K.; Speechley, Carol (1997). "Illawarra Aborigines - An Introductory History". In Hagan, J. S.; Wells, A. (eds.). A History of Wollongong. University of Wollongong Press. pp. 7–22.
* Ridley, William (1875). Kámilarói, and other Australian languages (PDF). Sydney: T. Richards, government printer.
* Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Wodiwodi (NSW)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
* "Wodi Wodi Walking Track - Stanwell Park Attraction". VisitNSW.com. Retrieved 12 December 2017.