OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bulgaria at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

Bulgaria competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15 to 23 August in Berlin. The team won no medals; the only athlete to reach the finals of their event was Momchil Karailiev in the triple jump.

## Team selection

| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| 100 metres | Desislav Gunev | Ivet Lalova |
| 200 metres | Desislav Gunev | Ivet Lalova |
| 400 metre hurdles | | Tsvetelina Kirilova Vania Stambolova |
| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| High jump | | Venelina Veneva-Mateeva |
| Long jump | Nikolay Atanasov | |
| Triple jump | Momchil Karailiev | Petia Dacheva |
| Pole vault | Spas Bukhalov | |
| Shot Put | Georgi Ivanov | |
| Discus throw | | Venera Getova |

## Results
### Men
#### Track and road events

| Event | Athletes | Heats | Heats | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| 100 m | Desislav Gunev | 11.07 | 72 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 200 m | Desislav Gunev | DNF | DNF | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

#### Field and combined events

| Event | Athletes | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Long jump | Nikolay Atanasov | 7.63 | 37 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Triple jump | Momchil Karailiev | 17.07 | 7 | 16.82 | 9 |
| Pole vault | Spas Bukhalov | 5.40 | 22 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Shot put | Georgi Ivanov | 18.11 | 34 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Event | Athletes | Heats | Heats | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| 100 m | Ivet Lalova | 11.48 SB | 22 | 11.54 | 27 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 200 m | Ivet Lalova | 23.60 SB | 31 | - | - | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 400 m hurdles | Tsvetelina Kirilova | DQ | DQ | - | - | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 400 m hurdles | Vania Stambolova | 56.01 | 16 | - | - | 56.12 | 15 | did not advance | did not advance |

#### Field and combined events

| Event | Athletes | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| High jump | Venelina Veneva-Mateeva | 1.92 | 15 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Triple jump | Petia Dacheva | 14.11 | 14 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Discus throw | Venera Getova | 53.33 | 36 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Harold Leavitt

Harold Jack Leavitt (14 January 1922 – 8 December 2007) was an American psychologist of management.

## Life and career

Leavitt was born on 14 January 1922. A native of Lynn, Massachusetts, he was the youngest of eleven siblings. Following the conclusion of his baccalaureate studies at Harvard University in 1943, Leavitt continued graduate study at Brown University in 1944. He then served as a United States Navy reservist for two years, and earned a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1949. Leavitt taught at the University of Chicago and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute prior to joining the Carnegie Mellon University in 1958. He was a professor at Stanford University between 1966 and 1987, where he was later named Walter Kenneth Kilpatrick Professor of Organizational Behavior. Leavitt's tenure as principal of the Management Analysis Center began in 1971. Additionally, he was an adviser to the National Training Laboratories. In retirement, Leavitt relocated to Pasadena, California, and died of pulmonary fibrosis in the city's Huntington Memorial Hospital on 8 December 2007, aged 85.

## Research

Leavitt dealt with the analysis of patterns of interaction and communication in groups, and also interferences in communication. He examined the personality characteristics of leaders. He distinguished three types of managers:
* The visionary and charismatic leader is characterized by being original, witty, and uncompromising. He is often eccentric and seeks to break with status quo, and embarking on a new path. Historical examples of such leaders were Gandhi, Hitler, Gladstone and the Ayatollah Khomeini.
* The rational and analyzing leader' are holding to the facts supported by numbers. He is systematic and can effectively control. Examples of this type are Clement Attlee, Robert Peel, or Jimmy Carter.
* The pragmatist – The contractor of established plans, skillfully solving problems. Leaders of this type are typically not visionary. They seek to subjugate the people to their will. Historical examples: Bismarck, Lenin, Stalin, Lyndon B. Johnson.

## Works

* Managerial Psychology. Éditions University of Cahicago Press, Chicago-London, 1975,
* Corporate Pathfinders. Homewood, Ill. Dow Jones-Irwin in 1986
* Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen: Hot Groups : Seeding Them, Feeding Them, and Using Them to Ignite Your Organization. Oxford University Press 1999, ISBN 0-19-512686-6
* Top Down, Why Hierarchies are Here to Stay and How to Manage Them More Effectively Harold J. Leavitt, Harvard Business School Press, 2004
# Jean Graham

Jean E. Graham is an American scholar, translator, and professor of English at The College of New Jersey, where she has taught since 1994. She teaches courses in British literature, the Bible as literature, and science fiction. Her research interests include science fiction and British literature.

## Education

Graham earned her Ph.D. in English Language and Literature from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Prior to her doctoral studies, Graham received her B.A. and M.A. in English from The University of Akron.

## Publications

“Austen and ‘The Advantage of Height.’” Persuasions 20 (summer 1999). http://www.jasna.org/persuasions/on-line/vol20no1/.
“‘Ay me’: Selfishness and Empathy in ‘Lycidas.’” Early Modern Literary Studies 2 (Dec. 1996). http://extra.shu.ac.uk/emls/02-3/02-3toc.html.
“’High Delights that satisfy all Appetites’: The Devotional Poetry of Thomas Traherne.” Early Modern Literary Studies 20 (2018). https://extra.shu.ac.uk/emls/journal/index.php/emls/article/view/314
“Holodeck Masquing: Early Modern Genre Meets Star Trek.” Journal of Popular Culture 34 (fall 2000): 21-27.
“Katherine Philips and ‘Churching.'” The Explicator 70 (August 2012): 161-63.
“Milton’s Comus in Ann Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho.’” The Explicator 72 (May 2014): 97-100.
“The Performing Heir in Jonson’s Jacobean Masques.” SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 41 (spring 2001): 381-98.
“‘Seventy Seven’ in Ben Jonson’s The Alchemist.” The Explicator 70 (December 2012): 256-59.
“The Talking Beasts as Adam and Eve: Lewis and the Complexity of ‘Dominion.’” Mythlore 38 (fall/winter 2019): 115-29. https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/
“‘Tell All Men’: Bunyan and the Gendering of Discourse.” Bunyan Studies 11 (2003/2004): 8-22.
“‘Trying to Give the Girl a Chance’: Gaps and Silences in the Novels of Jean Rhys.” Jean Rhys Review 10 (1999): 1-12. Republished online at http://jeanrhysreview.org/
“Virgin Ears: Silence, Deafness, and Chastity in Milton’s Maske.” Milton Studies 36 (1998): 1-17.
“Vocal Women, Silent Woman: Gender in the Noble Numbers.” ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 20 (August 2012): 154-60.
“Who ‘laid him in a manger’? Biblical Women in Herbert, Vaughan, and Traherne.” Explorations in Renaissance Culture 41 (2015): 56-74.
“‘Wo’is me’ and ‘Ah my deare’: Parenthetical Metacommentary in Donne and Herbert.” The John Donne Journal 33 (2016): 165-201.
“Women, Sex, and Power: Circe and Lilith in Narnia.” Children’s Literature Quarterly 29 (spring/summer 2004): 32-44. Republished in Children’s Literature Review, Vol. 173.
# Iron Maiden (disambiguation)

Iron Maiden are a British heavy metal band.
Iron Maiden may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Fictional entities

* Iron Maiden (comics), a fictional Russian super villain from Marvel Comics
* Iron Maiden, a supervillain from the comic book T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents
* Iron Maiden and Iron Maiden II, battleships from the anime series Trinity Blood
* Eiserne Jungfrau, also known as "Iron Maidens" in English, characters of 07th Expansion Sound Novel Umineko no Naku Koro ni
* Iron Maiden Jeanne, a character in the anime and manga series Shaman King
* Valda the Iron Maiden, a comic book character

### Music

* Iron Maiden (album), the band Iron Maiden's self-titled debut album and its title song
* "Iron Maiden", a song by Ghostface Killah from the album Ironman
* The Iron Maidens, U.S. all-female tribute band to Iron Maiden UK band
* "Iron Maiden", a song by Flotsam & Jetsam from the album Flotsam and Jetsam

### Video games

* Neon Genesis Evangelion: Iron Maiden, a 1998 video game
* Neon Genesis Evangelion: Iron Maiden 2nd, a 2005 video game

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

* The Iron Maiden, a novel from the Bio of a Space Tyrant series by Piers Anthony
* The Iron Maiden, a 1962 British comedy film which was released in the U.S. as Swinging Maiden

## Other uses

* Iron Maiden, a nickname for a high entrance/exit turnstile
* Iron Maiden, nickname of the KC-135 Stratotanker, a U.S. Air Force mid-air refueling airplane
* Iron Maiden, a nickname for American professional female bodybuilder Iris Kyle
# Mother of Cities

Mother of Cities may refer to:
* Mecca, is the capital of Mecca Province in western Saudi Arabia, the holiest city in Islam, and is referenced in the Quran as the 'mother of cities'. See Quran 6:92, 42:7.
* Asunción, capital and largest city of Paraguay.
* Balkh, among the oldest cities of Afghanistan.
* Prague, capital and largest city of the Czech Republic.
* Santiago del Estero, oldest city of Argentina.
# MiniBooNE

MiniBooNE is a Cherenkov detector experiment at Fermilab designed to observe neutrino oscillations (BooNE is an acronym for the Booster Neutrino Experiment). A neutrino beam consisting primarily of muon neutrinos is directed at a detector filled with 800 tons of mineral oil (ultrarefined methylene compounds) and lined with 1,280 photomultiplier tubes. An excess of electron neutrino events in the detector would support the neutrino oscillation interpretation of the LSND (Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector) result.
MiniBooNE started collecting data in 2002 and was still running in 2017. In May 2018, physicists of the MiniBooNE experiment reported a possible signal indicating the existence of sterile neutrinos.

## History and motivation

Experimental observation of solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos provided evidence for neutrino oscillations, implying that neutrinos have masses. Data from the LSND experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory are controversial since they are not compatible with the oscillation parameters measured by other neutrino experiments in the framework of the Standard Model. Either there must be an extension to the Standard Model, or one of the experimental results must have a different explanation. Moreover, the KARMEN experiment in Karlsruhe examined a [low energy] region similar to the LSND experiment, but saw no indications of neutrino oscillations. This experiment was less sensitive than LSND, and both could be right.
Cosmological data can provide an indirect but rather model-dependent bound to the mass of sterile neutrinos, such as the m$_s$ < 0.26 eV (0.44 eV) at 95% (99.9%) confidence limit given by Dodelson et al. However, cosmological data can be accommodated within models with different assumptions, such as that by Gelmini et al.
MiniBooNE was designed to unambiguously verify or refute the LSND controversial result in a controlled environment.

### 2007

    After the beam was turned on in 2002, the first results came in late March 2007, and showed no evidence for muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations in the LSND [low energy] region, refuting a simple 2-neutrino oscillation interpretation of the LSND results. More advanced analyses of their data are currently being undertaken by the MiniBooNE collaboration; early indications are pointing towards the existence of the sterile neutrino, an effect interpreted by some physicists to be hinting of the existence of the bulk or Lorentz violation.

### 2008

    A collaboration of MiniBooNE with other scientists a new experiment, called MicroBooNE, was designed to further investigate sterile neutrinos.

### 2018

    With a study published on arXiv, the collaboration announced that the finding of neutrino oscillations at MiniBooNE are confirmed at a 4.8 sigma level and, when combined with data at LSND, at a 6.1 sigma level. This hints at the detection of sterile neutrinos and a significant deviation from known physics. The implication of the paper is that some of the muon neutrinos are flipping to sterile neutrinos before switching identity again to electron neutrinos.
# Christian Mounger

Christian Mounger is an American artist. He is known for works in the field of photography, collage, and installation art.

## Education

Mounger holds a BFA degree in photography from Memphis College of Art, a BA in English literature from Rhodes College, and a MFA degree in sculpture from Claremont Graduate University.
He has worked as an exhibition and graphic designer at the Huntington Library Art Collections and Botanical Gardens and holds an associate professor position at Otis College of Art and Design.

## Group exhibitions

Mounger has participated in a group exhibition featuring work by teaching staff at Otis College of Art and Design. Other group shows include the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery, Carl Berg Gallery, Joslyn Fine Arts Center, Pomona College Museum of Art, Chapman University's Guggenheim Gallery, Fullerton Museum Center, Irvine Fine Arts Center, and Woodbury University.
He has also exhibited his work at Abel Joseph Gallery in Brussels, Belgium, Lidovy Dum, in Prague, Czechoslovakia and at the Croatia/Los Angeles Exchange in Dubrovnik, Croatia
# Breban

Breban may refer to:

## Family name

* Nicolae Breban (born 1934, Baia Mare, Romania), a Romanian novelist and essayist
# Frank Nagai

Frank Nagai (フランク 永井; March 18, 1932 – October 27, 2008) was a Japanese singer. Known for his attractive baritone voice. His real name was Kiyoto Nagai (永井 清人 Nagai Kiyoto).

## Life

Frank Nagai was born in Matsuyama, Miyagi, Japan. He had his major debut in 1954 when he was discovered by composer Tadashi Yoshida (吉田 正). He had many hit songs such as "Yurakucho de Aimasho", "Tokyo Night Club", "Kimi Koishi", and "Omae ni". He also appeared in motion pictures, including the film Nishi Ginza Eki Mae (1958), for which he sang the title song.
He enjoyed immense popularity as a singer in Japan. He is credited with discovering female singer Kazuko Matsuo (松尾 和子), who later became quite famous. The two often sang duets together.
He attempted suicide on October 21, 1985, attempting to hang himself, distressed that his lover bore his illegitimate child. He survived, but was left with permanent brain damage.

## Notable songs

* "Yūrakuchō de Aimashō" (有楽町で逢いましょう, "Lovers in Yurakucho" a.k.a. "Let's Meet in Yurakuchô") (1957)
* "Nishi-ginza ekimae" (西銀座駅前, "Nishi Ginza Station") (1958)
* "Tokyo Gozen Sanji" (東京午前三時, "Tokyo of 3:00AM") (1958)
* "Tokyo Night Club" (東京ナイト・クラブ) (1959)
* "Kimi Koishi" (君恋し, "I yearn for you") (1961)
* "Kiriko no Tango" (霧子のタンゴ, "Kiriko's Tango") (1962)
* "Osaka Roman" (大阪ろまん) (1966)
* "Omae Ni" (おまえに, For you) (1972)
* "Sixteen Tons" (cover song)
# Bulgaria at the 2012 European Athletics Championships

Bulgaria competed at the 2012 European Athletics Championships held in Helsinki, Finland, between 27 June to 1 July 2012.

## Medals

| Medal | Name | Event | Date |
| Gold | Ivet Lalova | Women's 100 metres | 28 June |

## Results
### Men
#### Track

| Event | Athletes | Heats | Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| 100 m | Georgi Kirilov Georgiev | DNF | | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 200 m | Kiril Kirilov | 21.45 | 27 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 200 m | Petar Kremenski | 21.03 | 18 Q | 21.08 | 16 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 400 m | Krasimir Braikov | 46.20 | 9 Q | 46.62 | 15 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 110 m hurdles | Martin Arnaudov | 14.32 | 32 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

#### Field

| Event | Athletes | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Long jump | Nikolay Atanasov | NM | – | did not advance | did not advance |
| Triple jump | Zlatozar Atanasov | 16.58 | 8 q | 16.39 | 11 |
| Triple jump | Rumen Dimitrov | 15.60 | 25 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Triple jump | Momchil Karailiev | 16.73 | 5 q | 16.77 | 5 |
| High jump | Viktor Ninov | 2.15 | 21 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Shot put | Georgi Ivanov | 19.14 | 16 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women
#### Track

| Event | Athletes | Heats | Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| 100 m | Gabriela Laleva | 11.79 | 28 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| 100 m | Ivet Lalova | 11.06 | 1 Q | 11.23 | 3 Q | 11.28 | |
| 200 m | Ivet Lalova | 23.58 | 18 Q | 23.26 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 800 m | Teodora Kolarova | 2:02.45 | 8 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |
| 3000 m steeplechase | Silvia Danekova | 9:42.72 | 11 q | — | — | 9:51.45 | 11 |
| 4 × 100 m relay | Gabriela Laleva Tezdzhan Naimova Karin Okoliye Vaia Vladeva | 45.25 | 13 | — | — | did not advance | did not advance |

#### Field

| Event | Athletes | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Triple jump | Andriana Bânova | NM | – | did not advance | did not advance |
| Triple jump | Petia Dacheva | NM | – | did not advance | did not advance |
| High jump | Mirela Demireva | 1.90 | 1 q | 1.92 | 8 |
| High jump | Venelina Veneva-Mateeva | 1.90 | 9 q | 1.80 | 12 |
| Shot put | Radoslava Mavrodieva | 17.55 | 6 Q | 18.14 | 6 |
# Harold Greenwood

Harold Greenwood may refer to:
* Harold Greenwood (ice hockey)
* Harold Greenwood (solicitor)
* Harold Greenwood Henderson
# Jean Mischo

Jean Mischo (born 1938, Luxembourg City, died 10 May 2016), was an Advocate General of the European Court of Justice.
Jean Mischo studied law and political sciences at the universities of Montpellier, Paris and Cambridge. He was a member of the Commission Legal Service, Principal Administrator in the private offices of two Members of the Commission, occupied various high-ranking posts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Grand Duchy and was Deputy Permanent Representative of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to the European Communities. After having been Advocate General at the Court of Justice from January 1986 to October 1991, where he distinguished himself in the Factortame case, Mischo returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg where he carried out the duties of Ambassador/Secretary General from 1 January 1993.
By decision of 29 May 1997 Jean Mischo was appointed Advocate General to the European Court of Justice for the period from 7 October 1997 to 6 October 2003..
# Bloomingdale Cornet Band

The Bloomingdale Cornet Band, from Bloomingdale, New Jersey, is one of the oldest continually active bands in the Garden State. It is categorized as a Community band.
The band is composed of amateur and professional volunteer members and is fully active, marching in parades and performing in concerts primarily in the northern New Jersey area. The instrumentation consists of brass, woodwinds and percussion instruments.

## History

On May 30, 1884, the band played its first parade on what is now known as Memorial Day. The band was organized some time before its first performance. However, the first documented records that are known to exist are news accounts of this first performance. A "cornet band" was a common designation for wind bands organized during the Gilded Age. No defined instrumental make up (i.e. only brass instruments) exists at its inception; however, twelve people were listed as the original founding members. The first director was Alfred Bedson. A series of directors followed until 1889, when Samuel R. Donald became director and served in that capacity until 1939. Other directors have followed and at the present time, the band is directed by Mike Kallimanis.
About 4 months after its first performance, for reasons not documented, the band was split and a band based in the adjacent town of Butler, New Jersey was organized under the auspices of the largest employer, the Butler Hard Rubber Company. The company was led by Richard Butler, Secretary for the American Pedestal Association, which handled the fund-raising for the building of the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty. This rival band, the Butler Silver Cornet Band, was considered a company band of the rubber company. A noted Massachusetts musician named Jeremiah J. O'Sullivan was hired by the company, shortly after the band was organized, to be the leader of the Butler band. This rivalry led to some members of the Bloomingdale Cornet Band, who worked for the rubber company, to be fired at the request of members of the Silver Cornet Band. The rivalry diminished over time. By 1889, both bands united in some performances and hosting fundraising events.
The band has retained the "Cornet" in its name, as has a handful of other similar bands in the United States, such as the Franklin Silver Cornet Band.
# MiniCard

MiniCard, Minicard, Mini-Card or Mini-card may refer to:
* PCI Express Mini Card (aka PEM, Mini PCI Express, Mini PCIe or Mini PCI-E) by the PCI-SIG, a small form factor expansion card utilizing serial PCI Express and USB interfaces since 2005, primarily used in laptops and handheld devices
* Miniature Card, a flash memory card by Intel and the MCIF in the 1990s
* Visa Mini Card, a Visa Inc. credit/debit/cheque card that is smaller than the usual credit card size. The card has a small hole in it and it is meant to be held on a keyring.
# New Taipei City Stadium

New Taipei City Stadium may refer to:
* Banqiao Stadium
* Xinzhuang Baseball Stadium
# Mikko Hult

Mikko Olavi Hult (22 March 1915 in Rautalampi – 6 May 1993) was a Finnish smallholder and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1954 to 1962. Hult first represented the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), and later the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL).