OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Penn (disambiguation)

William Penn (1644–1718) was the English founder of Pennsylvania
William Penn may also refer to:

## People

* William Penn (Royal Navy officer) (1621–1670), English admiral under Cromwell and Charles II and the father of William Penn
* William Penn Jr. (1681–1720), eldest surviving son of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania
* William Penn (athlete) (1883–1943), American tug-of-war competitor
* William Evander Penn (1832–1895), Texas Baptist evangelist and minister
* William S. Penn (born 1949), mixed-race Nez Perce author and English professor at Michigan State University
* William F. Penn (1871–1934), black physician in Atlanta, Georgia
* William Penn (pen name), pen name used by activist Jeremiah Evarts (1781–1831) in his essays against Indian removal
* William Penn (cricketer) (1849–1921), Kent county cricketer

## Schools and societies

* William Penn University, private liberal arts university in Iowa
* William Penn Middle School, part of the Pennsbury School District in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
* William Penn High School (Delaware) in New Castle, Delaware
* William Penn High School (North Carolina) in High Point, North Carolina
* William Penn High School (Philadelphia) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

## Other

* William Penn (cigar brand), type of machine-made cigars manufactured by General Cigar Company
* USS Tecumseh (SSBN-628), submarine that was going to be named the USS William Penn
* a train operated by Amtrak as part of the Clocker service
* William Penn (Calder), an 1894 bronze statue by Alexander Milne Calder
* William Penn, Texas, an unincorporated community in Washington County, Texas
# USS Edwards (DD-265)

USS Edwards (DD-265) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy and transferred to the Royal Navy where she served as HMS Buxton (H96) and later in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II.

## Namesake

William W. Edwards was born c. 1790 in Petersburg, Virginia. He was appointed a midshipman on 1 September 1811. In 1813 he was assigned to USS Argus and was killed in the action with HMS Pelican on 14 August 1813.

## Service history
### United States Navy

Edwards was launched 10 October 1918 by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Squantum, Massachusetts; sponsored by Miss Julia Edwards Noyes, whose great-grandfather was the uncle of Midshipman Edwards; and commissioned 24 April 1919 at Boston Navy Yard.
In May 1919 Edwards carried spare parts for airplanes and seaplanes to St. John's, Newfoundland, as reserves for the historic first transatlantic seaplane flight made by Navy planes. She sailed from Boston, Massachusetts 28 May to report to Commander, U.S. Naval Forces in Europe, for duty with the Food Administration. Arriving at Gibraltar in June, she took part in escorting the naval transport George Washington carrying President Woodrow Wilson into Brest, then visited England and Germany before returning to the United States on 25 August.
Assigned to the Pacific Fleet, Edwards sailed from New York on 17 September 1919 and arrived at the destroyer base at San Diego, California on 13 October where she was placed in reduced commission with a partial complement 1 November 1919. In February 1920 she moved to Puget Sound Navy Yard, but returned to San Diego a year later where she remained in reserve, occasionally putting to sea for target practice. She was placed out of commission 8 June 1922.
Recommissioned 18 December 1939, Edwards was assigned to the Neutrality Patrol, and after overhaul, left the west coast 22 March for Galveston, Texas. She patrolled the Gulf and east coast until fall, then sailed to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where she was decommissioned 8 October 1940, and delivered to the British government as one of the destroyers exchanged for bases.

### World War II

Commissioned in the Royal Navy 8 October 1940 as HMS Buxton (H96) for service in the third "Town" Flotilla, the destroyer served in Canadian waters briefly as the U-boat war intensified; she was then allocated to 6th Escort Group, Western Approaches Command, for the vital duty of keeping the supply line open to Britain. Buxton was modified for trade convoy escort service by removal of three of the original 4"/50 caliber guns and one of the triple torpedo tube mounts to reduce topside weight for additional depth charge stowage and installation of hedgehog. In August 1942, when newer escorts were available, she was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy as HMCS Buxton, assigned to the Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) based at Halifax. After undergoing refit in Boston from December 1942 to March 1943 she rejoined the WLEF in April, 1943. She was withdrawn from service that August and used as a static training ship at Halifax and then Digby, Nova Scotia, until the end of 1944. She was finally paid off early in 1945.
# Trechus raffrayanus

Trechus raffrayanus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Jeannel in 1954.
# Kusmark

Kusmark is a locality situated in Skellefteå Municipality, Västerbotten County, Sweden with 441 inhabitants in 2010.

## Notable natives

* Viktor Arvidsson, ice hockey player for the Nashville Predators
* Pär Lindholm, ice hockey player for the Boston Bruins
# Brian Burgess (athlete)

Brian Burgess (born 30 September 1957) is a Scottish former athlete who specialised in the high jump. His personal best jump of 2.20m, set in London on 11 June 1978, set a British national record.
A six-time Scottish champion, Burgess won a bronze medal for Scotland at the 1978 Commonwealth Games, with a best jump of 2.15m in the final, to share third place with Canada's Dean Bauck. He was the only non-Canadian on the podium and the first Scot to win a high jump medal since Alan Paterson in 1950.
Burgess was the British national champion for high jump in 1978, finishing third in the AAA Championships behind two Americans. He was a two-time champion at the UK Athletics Championships, in 1979 and 1981.
# Hyattstown, Maryland

Hyattstown is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is located on Maryland Route 355 in upper Montgomery County, not far from the border with Frederick County.
Established in 1798 by founder Jesse Hyatt, the town featured the Hyattstown Inn, a one-room school-house, a butcher, a blacksmith, and other commercial venues. These historical commercial buildings are now private homes.
Quarries nearby supplied slate for roofing the old United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
Hyattstown was the location of an 1862 Civil War artillery battle between General Nathaniel Prentice Banks' troops and General Stonewall Jackson's troops.
Hyattstown Christian Church, a Disciples of Christ congregation established in 1840, still operates today.
The old station building (ca. 1895) for the Rock Creek Railway and Kensington Railway streetcar lines was moved to Hyattstown from Chevy Chase in 1980.
# Sun Goes Down

Sun Goes Down may refer to:
* "Sun Goes Down" (David Guetta and Showtek song), 2015
* "Sun Goes Down" (David Jordan song), 2008
* "Sun Goes Down" (Lil Nas X song), 2021
* "Sun Goes Down" (Nesian Mystik song), 2010
* "Sun Goes Down" (Robin Schulz song), 2014
* "The Sun Goes Down" (Thin Lizzy song), 1983
* "The Sun Goes Down (Living It Up)", a song by Level 42, 1983
* "Sun Goes Down", a song by Deep Purple from Bananas
* "Sun Goes Down", a song by Icona Pop from Icona Pop
* "Sun Goes Down", a song by The Futureheads from The Chaos
# Umar Qaid

Umar Qaid (transl. Life Sentence) is a 1975 Hindi-language action film, produced by V.K.Sobti under the Gautam Pictures banner and directed by Sikandar Khanna. Starring Sunil Dutt, Jeetendra, Vinod Mehra, Moushumi Chatterjee, Reena Roy and music composed by Sonik-Omi.

## Plot

Vinod Verma is a customs officer who lives festively with his mother, sister Anju, and brother Chintu and falls for a girl Dr. Bharati. Vinod is a die-hard to hoodlums KK / Kamalkanth & Jakha. So, they appoint a daredevil ruffian Raja as a white knight who succeeds in several tasks courageously. Raja dotes on his blind sister Laxmi. On a mission, KK backstabs Raja, molests, and kills Laxmi when Raja avenges him. Here, Vinod is surprised to find KK as Bharati’s uncle who seeks to bribe him which results in a furious dispute. Forthwith, Raja slays out KK, wherein, Vinod is arraigned and penalized with life imprisonment. In jail, he befriends a prisoner Akbar. Meanwhile, Raja espouses his love for Reena. Just after, he is incriminated by Jakha and sentenced. Initially, Raja & Vinod antagonizes afterward Raja bows down to Vinod’s benevolence. Then, Raja as unbeknownst pledges to prove his innocence and Akbar also fuses them. So, they abscond when Akbar sacrifices his life while guarding the two, and Raja & Vinod split. Destiny takes Raja to Bharati’s residence where he realizes himself as a malefactor. In tandem, he rescues Anju from Jakha. Further, aware of the truth Vinod revolts on Raja but realizes his virtue from Anju. Finally, Raja surrenders, he is convicted of life imprisonment when Vinod’s family takes responsibility, Reena.

## Cast

* Sunil Dutt as Raja
* Jeetendra as Akbar
* Vinod Mehra as Vinod
* Moushumi Chatterjee as Dr. Bharati
* Reena Roy as Reena
* Anju Mahendru as Anju
* Sanjana as Laxmi
* Asrani
* Om Shivpuri
* Sulochana as Vinod's mother
* Dev Kumar
* Krishan Dhawan
* Manmohan
* Ram Mohan
* Dinesh Hingoo
* Raja Duggal
* Master Satyajeet as Chintu

## Soundtrack

| # | Song | Singer |
| 1 | "Yaad Rahega Pyar Ka" | Lata Mangeshkar, Mukesh |
| 2 | "Kya Lekar Aaya Hai" | Mahendra Kapoor, Manna Dey, Sonik, Narendra Chanchal |
| 3 | "Phinjauda Bahek Gayi" | Mohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle, Minoo Purushottam |
| 4 | "Aag Mein Jale Jawani" | Asha Bhosle |
| 5 | "Yun Na Dekh Mujhe" | Asha Bhosle |
# Askalu Menkerios

Askalu Menkerios is the current Minister of Tourism and former Minister of Labor and Social Welfare of Eritrea.
# Uskali Mäki

Ismo Uskali Mäki (born 8 February 1951 Helsinki) is a Finnish professor in the Department of Political and Economic Studies (Philosophy) at the University of Helsinki. He is also director of the Trends and tensions in Intellectual Integration centre, which was recently nominated "Finnish Centre of Excellence" in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Previous posts and roles have included his being a professor of philosophy at the Erasmus University of Rotterdam where he directed the Erasmus Institute for Philosophy and Economics and his being the editor of the Journal of Economic Methodology. His main research interests lie in the methodology of economics and the philosophy of the sciences including social sciences with his approach typically being described as a realist philosophy of economics. Mäki is currently serving as an Academy Professor for the Academy of Finland.

## Selected publications

Mäki, U., Gustafsson, B., & Knudsen, C. (1993). Rationality, institutions, and economic methodology. London: Routledge.
# William Baxter (law professor)

William Francis Baxter, Jr. (July 13, 1929 – November 27, 1998) was a law professor at Stanford University. His specialty was antitrust law.

## Antitrust Law

As Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice from 1981–1983, Baxter commanded wide public attention when in 1982 he settled a seven-year-old case against AT&T with by far the largest breakup in the history of the Sherman Antitrust Act, splitting AT&T up into seven regional phone companies. On that same day, he dismissed as "without merit" a seemingly endless, thirteen-year-old suit against IBM, which had employed more than 300 lawyers and generated 2,500 depositions and 66 million pages of documents. Additionally, under his leadership, the U.S. Justice Department promulgated revised guidelines that it would use to enforce U.S. antitrust laws going forward. As part of that practice, he is the author of Baxter's Law or the Bell Doctrine.

## Animal Rights

In 1974, Baxter published a widely read and influential book on the law and economics of pollution control entitled People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution. This book, though aimed at a law audience, contains a philosophically sophisticated stance on the topic of animal rights.
Baxter maintains that non-human animals have no moral consideration on their own. Any moral consideration of animals is in relation to humans. Moral consideration is a uniquely human affair. This differs from the view that there is no essential difference between the pain of non-human animals and that of human beings (see Peter Singer), and also differs from the view that the pain of animals is a morally relevant consideration, but is not morally decisive (See Bonnie Steinbock).
It is important to note that Baxter is not antipathetic toward non-human animals; in fact, he points out that many things that are in the interests of animals (and the larger environment for that matter) are in fact also in the best interests of humans as well. In this sense we have obligations to how we treat non-human animals, but the grounds is only because of the respective impact on human beings.
Baxter states that the way to measure these humans interests are in terms of a cost benefit analysis, where cost doesn't necessarily mean uniquely monetary costs.
# When the Bough Breaks (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
When the Bough Breaks is the second solo album from Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward. It was originally released on April 27, 1997, on Cleopatra Records.

## Track listing

* "Hate" – 5:00
* "Children Killing Children" – 3:51
* "Growth" – 5:45
* "When I was a Child" – 4:54
* "Please Help Mommy (She's a Junkie)" – 6:40
* "Shine" – 5:06
* "Step Lightly (On the Grass)" – 5:59
* "Love & Innocence" – 1:00
* "Animals" – 6:32
* "Nighthawks Stars & Pines" – 6:45
* "Try Life" – 5:35
* "When the Bough Breaks" – 9:45
CD Cleopatra CL9981 (US 1997)

## Musicians

* Bill Ward - vocals, lyrics, musical arrangements
* Keith Lynch - guitars
* Paul Ill - bass, double bass, synthesizer, tape loops
* Ronnie Ciago - drums

## Cover art and reprint issues

As originally released, this album featured cover art that had two roses on it. After it was released, Bill Ward (as with Ward One, his first solo album) stated on his website that the released cover art was not the correct one that was intended to be released. Additionally, the liner notes for the original printing had lyrics that were so small, most people needed a magnifying glass to read them. This was eventually corrected in 2000 when the version of the album with Bill on the cover from the 70's was released. The album was later on released in a special digipak style of case, but this was later said to be released prematurely, and was withdrawn.
# Jack Cox

Jack Cox may refer to:

## People

* Jack Cox (footballer) (1877–1955), English footballer
* Jack E. Cox (1896–1960), English cinematographer
* Jack Cox (Texas politician) (1921–1990), Texan politician and gubernatorial candidate

## Other uses

* Jack Cox (Scrubs), a fictional character in the TV comedy
# Vermontville

Vermontville may refer to a community in the United States:
* Vermontville, Michigan, a village
* Vermontville Township, Michigan
* Vermontville, New York, a hamlet
# Uniform 2 k1 polytope

In geometry, 2$_{k1}$ polytope is a uniform polytope in n dimensions (n = k+4) constructed from the E$_n$ Coxeter group. The family was named by their Coxeter symbol as 2$_{k1}$ by its bifurcating Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, with a single ring on the end of the 2-node sequence. It can be named by an extended Schläfli symbol {3,3,3$^{k,1}$}.

## Family members

The family starts uniquely as 6-polytopes, but can be extended backwards to include the 5-orthoplex (pentacross) in 5-dimensions, and the 4-simplex (5-cell) in 4-dimensions.
Each polytope is constructed from (n-1)-simplex and 2$_{k-1,1}$ (n-1)-polytope facets, each has a vertex figure as an (n-1)-demicube, {3$^{1,n-2,1}$}.
The sequence ends with k=6 (n=10), as an infinite hyperbolic tessellation of 9-space.
The complete family of 2$_{k1}$ polytope polytopes are:
* 5-cell: 2$_{01}$, (5 tetrahedra cells)
* Pentacross: 2$_{11}$, (32 5-cell (2$_{01}$) facets)
* 2$_{21}$, (72 5-simplex and 27 5-orthoplex (2$_{11}$) facets)
* 2$_{31}$, (576 6-simplex and 56 2$_{21}$ facets)
* 2$_{41}$, (17280 7-simplex and 240 2$_{31}$ facets)
* 2$_{51}$, tessellates Euclidean 8-space (∞ 8-simplex and ∞ 2$_{41}$ facets)
* 2$_{61}$, tessellates hyperbolic 9-space (∞ 9-simplex and ∞ 2$_{51}$ facets)

## Elements

Gosset 2$_{k1}$ figures :
| n | 2$_{k1}$ | Petrie polygon projection | Name Coxeter-Dynkin diagram | Facets | Facets | Elements | Elements | Elements | Elements | Elements | Elements | Elements | Elements |
| n | 2$_{k1}$ | Petrie polygon projection | Name Coxeter-Dynkin diagram | 2$_{k-1,1}$ polytope | (n-1)-simplex | Vertices | Edges | Faces | Cells | 4-faces | 5-faces | 6-faces | 7-faces |
| 4 | 2$_{01}$ | | 5-cell {3$^{2,0,1}$} | -- | 5 {3$^3$} | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | | | | |
| 5 | 2$_{11}$ | | pentacross {3$^{2,1,1}$} | 16 {3$^{2,0,1}$} | 16 {3$^4$} | 10 | 40 | 80 | 80 | 32 | | | |
| 6 | 2$_{21}$ | | 2 21 polytope {3$^{2,2,1}$} | 27 {3$^{2,1,1}$} | 72 {3$^5$} | 27 | 216 | 720 | 1080 | 648 | 99 | | |
| 7 | 2$_{31}$ | | 2 31 polytope {3$^{2,3,1}$} | 56 {3$^{2,2,1}$} | 576 {3$^6$} | 126 | 2016 | 10080 | 20160 | 16128 | 4788 | 632 | |
| 8 | 2$_{41}$ | | 2 41 polytope {3$^{2,4,1}$} | 240 {3$^{2,3,1}$} | 17280 {3$^7$} | 2160 | 69120 | 483840 | 1209600 | 1209600 | 544320 | 144960 | 17520 |
| 9 | 2$_{51}$ | | 2 51 honeycomb (8-space tessellation) {3$^{2,5,1}$} | ∞ {3$^{2,4,1}$} | ∞ {3$^8$} | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ |
| 10 | 2$_{61}$ | | 2 61 honeycomb (9-space tessellation) {3$^{2,6,1}$} | ∞ {3$^{2,5,1}$} | ∞ {3$^9$} | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ |
# George Garland (New Zealand politician)

George Joseph Garland (1856 – 25 August 1950) was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 1918 to 1932; he was appointed by the Reform Government.
Garland was born in 1856 in Bridgnorth in Shropshire, England. His parents, Henry and Elizabeth, decided to emigrate to New Zealand and with seven children, they arrived in Auckland on the African on 28 January 1860. After his schooling, he went to sea for seven or eight years. He then took over his father's farm in Āwhitu; he retired from farming in 1898. He then became a land and estate agent in Auckland.
Garland was a member of many organisations. He chaired the local road board for the area where he had been farming. He was chairman of the school committee. He was a member of the Hospital and Charitable Aid board. He was for some years chairman of the Auckland Education Board. He was a member of the Grey Lynn Borough Council for seven years and for some of that time, he was the deputy mayor. When Grey Lynn Borough was absorbed into Auckland City in 1914, Garland became a member of Auckland City Council for two years. For the New Zealand Farmers Union, he was the first secretary for its dominion executive. He was the first dominion secretary for the Reform Party. He was on the board of Auckland Grammar School and on the council of Auckland College.
He was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 7 May 1918 to 6 May 1925; then 7 May 1925 to 6 May 1932, when his term ended. He was appointed by the Reform Government.
Garland was married to Sarah Garland, who died on 12 December 1933. At the time, the Garlands were living in Yates Road in Māngere East. He died in hospital on 25 August 1950 aged 94.
# Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür

Uskhal Khan (Mongolian: Усхал; Mongolian script: ᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ; Chinese: 兀思哈勒汗), also called the Last Lord of Northern Yuan (Chinese: 北元末主) or by his era name the Tianyuan Emperor (Chinese: 天元帝), born Tögüs Temür (Chinese: 脫古思帖木兒; 7 March 1342 – 18 November 1388), was an emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1378 to 1388. He was the last powerful khagan of the Mongols until Dayan Khan.
Tögüs Temür was the younger brother of Biligtü Khan (Emperor Zhaozong) and son of Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong), the last Yuan emperor. Before ascending to the Northern Yuan throne, he held the noble title of Prince of Yi (益王). He succeeded to the throne with the title of Uskhal Khan after Biligtü Khan died in 1378. During the funeral of the late emperor, the Ming court sent an embassy to participate in it and released the Northern Yuan prince, Maidarbal, who had been captured at the battle of Yingchang in 1378.
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür mobilized troops near Yingchang and Karakorum. He continued to press the Ming dynasty from the north, cooperating with Naghachu of the Jalayir in Manchuria. The Ming launched a massive attack on the Northern Yuan in return in 1380, sacking Karakorum.
The Ming army crushed the Northern Yuan garrison under Iliyasan in northern China in June 1380. Uskhal Khan's commanders, Öljei-Buqa and Nair-Buqa, invaded Lulun city, killing the Ming officer Liu Guang in the same year. The Ming dispatched a large army against the Northern Yuan the next year.
The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty decided to exterminate Naghachu's force in Manchuria in 1387 and two sides suffered heavier losses at a battle near Changchung city. Tögüs Temür suddenly faced a predicament in 1387 when Naghachu surrendered to the Ming due to a devastating famine. The Ming now turned their attention to the Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür who lived in Yingchang. In 1388, he was raided by the Ming on the Buir Lake. In his escape to Karakorum, he was suddenly attacked and defeated on the Tuul River by Yesüder, a descendant of Ariq Böke, who allied with the Oirats. Yesüder's general killed the king and his son. Uskhal Khan had intended to flee westwards to join his commander Markhas. This event marked the decline of the Kublaid power and the rise of the Oirats on the Mongolian Plateau.
# Lachner

Lachner is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ernest A. Lachner (1915–1996), American ichthyologist
* Franz Lachner (1803–1890), German composer
* Ignaz Lachner (1807–1895), German conductor, composer
* Ludwig Lachner (1910–2003), German footballer
* Roberto Garcia Lachner (born 1977), Costa Rican triathlete
* Vinzenz Lachner (1811–1893), German conductor, composer
# Bernart de la Barta

Bernart de la Barta (fl. 1229), also spelled Bernarnz Delabarta or Benart de la Barda, was a troubadour from La Barthe, the location of which is unknown. He wrote two tensos, a fragment (cobla) of a satire, and a sirventes, "Foilla ni flors, ni chatuz temps ni fredura", an attack on terms of the Treaty of Meaux (1229), by which Raymond VII of Toulouse surrendered to Louis IX of France, thus ending the Albigensian Crusade.
The interpretation of Bernart's sirventes as an attack on the treaty of 1229 was first proposed in 1885 by Camille Chabaneau and subsequently accepted by Alfred Jeanroy. Bernart definitely attacks Louis IX and the Roman Church, coming equally to the defence of Raymond VII, whom he believes was treated unjustly. The crusade waged in the name of peace was for "a peace of clerics and Frenchmen". According to Bernard, a peace imposed forcibly on the defeated is unjust and Raymond, as a good vassal, deserves just treatment.
Bernart also knew the troubadour Guilhem Peire Cazals de Caortz, with whom he composed one of his tensos.

## Sources

* Anatole, Christian. "Le troubadour Bernat de la Barta." Annales du Midi, 101-187 (1989), pp. 225–233
* Chambers, Frank M. "Three Troubadour Poems with Historical Overtones." Speculum, 54:1 (Jan., 1979), pp. 42–54.
* Jeanroy, Alfred. La poésie lyrique des troubadours. Toulouse: Privat, 1934.
* Ricketts, Peter. "Foilla ni flors, ni chautz temps ni freidura de Bernart de la Barta: édition critique et traduction." La France latine, 142 (2006), pp. 141–5.
# Günzer See

Günzer See is a lake in the Vorpommern-Rügen district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 0.3 m, its surface area is 0.157 km².
* This Vorpommern-Rügen district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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