OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Artemisia ludoviciana

Artemisia ludoviciana is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, known by several common names, including silver wormwood, western mugwort, Louisiana wormwood, white sagebrush, lobed cud-weed, prairie sage, and gray sagewort.
Ludoviciana is the Latinized version of the word Louisiana.

## Description

Artemisia ludoviciana is a rhizomatous perennial growing to heights of 0.3–1.0 m (0.98–3.28 ft). The stems bear linear leaves up to 11 cm long. The stems and foliage are covered in woolly gray or white hairs. The top of the stem is occupied by a narrow inflorescence of many nodding (hanging) flower heads. Each small head is a cup of hairy phyllaries surrounding a center of yellowish disc florets and is about 0.5 cm wide. The fruit is a minute achene. Flowers bloom July to October.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to North America where it is widespread across most of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Some botanists suggest that eastern United States populations have been introduced from the western and central part of the continent. Its habitats include dry slopes, canyons, open pine woods, and dry prairies.

## Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised:
* A. l. subsp. albula (Wooton) D.D.Keck—deserts from California and Colorado to Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California
* A. l. subsp. candicans (Rydb.) D.D.Keck—Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range from Alberta, British Columbia to California, Colorado
* A. l. subsp. incompta (Nutt.) D.D.Keck—mountains from Alberta, British Columbia, to Mexico
* A. l. subsp. lindleyana (Besser) Lesica—Chihuahua, Sonora, Arizona
* A. l. subsp. ludoviciana—western and central United States and western Canada
* A. l. subsp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) D.D.Keck— Mexico as far south as Puebla; United States as far north as Colorado and Missouri
* A. l. subsp. redolens (A.Gray) D.D.Keck—Durango, Chihuahua, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas

## Uses
### Indigenous usage

Indigenous tribes across the continent use the species as a medicinal plant, a source of fiber for crafting household items, and for ceremonial purposes. The Dakota people use this plant in smudging rituals to protect against maleficent spirits. The Apache, Chiricahua and Mescalero use it for spices, while Blackfoot tribe use it as a drug for dermatological use. The Cree and Blackfoot tribes use it in sweat lodges and the sun dance. Gros Ventre also use it for skin curing and as medicine against cold, because it is also antipyretic. The Meskwaki and Potawatomi use a tea made from this species as a treatment for sore throat and tonsillitis.

### Cultivation

A. ludoviciana is cultivated as an ornamental plant. Being rhizomatous, it can spread aggressively in some climates and gardens. It grows in dry to medium moisture and well-drained soil. It requires full sun.
Popular cultivars include 'Valerie Finnis' and 'Silver Queen'. Both are hardy to USDA zone 4. 'Valerie Finnis' has held the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit since 1993.
# Magdiwang (faction)

The Magdiwang was a faction of the Katipunan, a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila in 1892 with the aim to gain independence from Spain. The Magdiwang Council was acknowledged as "the supreme organ responsible for the successful campaigns against the enemy" within Cavite.
The Magdiwang chapter was started by Mariano Álvarez, related by marriage to Andrés Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan. Both the Magdiwang and the Magdalo (led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, the cousin of Emilio Aguinaldo) were the two major Katipunan factions in Cavite, with the Magdiwang having control over a larger number of towns and municipalities.
When rivalry grew between the two factions, Bonifacio was invited to mediate, but he was quickly embroiled in discussions with the Magdalo, who wished to replace the Katipunan with an insurgent government. The Magdiwang initially backed Bonifacio's stance that the Katipunan already served as their government, but at the Tejeros Convention, both factions were combined into one government body under Aguinaldo.

## Magdiwang leaders

* Mariano Alvarez - President
* Lorenzo Fenoy - Vice President for Batangas
* Pascual Álvarez - Minister of the Interior
* Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War
* Ananias Diokno - Vice Minister of War of Batangas
* Mariano Trías - Minister of Welfare and Justice
* Emiliano Riego de Dios - Minister of Economic Development
* Diego Mojica - Minister of Finance
* Santiago V. Álvarez - Captain General
* Artemio Ricarte - Assistant Captain General
* Miguel Malvar - Assistant Captain General for Batangas
* Mariano Riego de Dios - General, Cavite Division
* Paciano Rizal - General, Batangas Division

## Magdiwang municipalities

* Cavite City (capital)
* San Roque
* La Caridad
* Noveleta
* San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias)
* Rosario (locally referred to as Salinas)
* Sta. Cruz de Malabon (now Tanza)
* Naik
* Maragondon
* Ternate
* Magallanes
* Bailen (now General Emilio Aguinaldo)
* Indang
* Alfonso
* Mendez
* Amadeo
* Nasugbu, Batangas
* Tuy, Batangas
* Looc, Batangas
# Marshall Fletcher McCallie

Marshall Fletcher McCallie (born June 21, 1945) is a former United States Ambassador to Namibia.

## Early life and education

McCallie was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee and attended the McCallie School. He earned his B.A. degree from Vanderbilt University in 1967, and his M.A. degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in 1974.

## Career

McCallie served in the U.S. Air Force from 1967–1971. Later he served in various posts in the U.S. State Department, particularly in Africa. He was appointed United States Ambassador to Namibia by President George H. W. Bush in 1992 and he served in this position from 1993 – 1996.

### Other diplomatic posts

* 1986 – 1988: Director of the Junior Officer Division with the Bureau of Personnel
* 1988 – 1990: Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Lusaka, Zambia

## Personal life

McCallie retired in 2002 and resides in Brevard, North Carolina with his wife Amye.
# Antonio Muñoz Degrain

Antonio Muñoz Degrain (18 November 1840 – 12 October 1924) was a Spanish painter who began in the Eclectic style, later in his career he moved towards Impressionism. He is best known for his landscapes and scenes inspired by works of literature.

## Biography

He was born in Valencia; his father was a watchmaker. Following his parents' wishes, he began studying architecture, but soon switched to painting and enrolled at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos de Valencia. His time there was also short lived, as he soon moved to Rome and led a Bohemian life, becoming largely an autodidact. The rigors of surviving there prompted him to choose to return to Spain.
In 1862, he displayed his work for the first time at the National Exhibition of Fine Arts with a painting of the Pyrenees, which gained an honorable mention. After that, he became a regular exhibition participant.
In 1870, his friend Bernardo Ferrándiz Bádenes obtained a commission for him to decorate the ceiling of the Teatro Cervantes in Málaga. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III in 1878 for his painting of Queen Isabella giving her jewelry to Columbus. The following year, he became a professor at the "Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Telmo".
He made a second trip to Rome in 1882, this time on a government fellowship, and remained for two years. Upon his return, he won First Prize at the National Exhibition for his depiction of a scene from the Lovers of Teruel. In 1893, as part of the Columbian Issue, his painting of Isabella was used on a $1 U.S. postage stamp.
Five years later, he replaced Carlos de Haes in the chair of landscape painting at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He became the Director there in 1901. In 1913, upon his retirement, he donated many of his works to the Academy of San Carlos and the Museu de Belles Arts de València. He died in Málaga, aged 83.

## Examples of his stylistic development

* Othello and Desdemona (1880)
* Banks of the Tiber (1893)
* Washerwomen (1903)
* Seascape View of Palma de Mallorca (c.1910)
# Kandana (song)

Kandanas or bahunas are folk mourning songs with lyrics in Odia language that are mostly sung by women during marriage in the Indian state of Odisha. Maidens generally sing these songs during the wedding. The songs consist of lyrics depicting the sorrow of separation from their own family as they start living with their in laws after the wedding. The bride and other women of her family generally weep reciting these songs towards the end of the wedding.
# Woodbay, West Virginia

Woodbay was an unincorporated community and coal town in Raleigh County, West Virginia.
# Laar, Vught

Laar is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located in the municipality of Vught, 2 km west of the town of Helvoirt.
# Ha (Doseone album)

Ha is the third solo album by American indie hip hop artist Doseone. It was released in 2005. The album features contributions from Jel, Alias, Jordan Dalrymple and John Herndon.

## Track listing

* "Ha" - 2:49
* "The Tale of the Private Mind" - 3:27
* "The Universe in 6 Jumps" - 4:48
* "By Horoscope Light I&II" - 3:38
* "Axejaw" - 3:38
* "Lullaby #2418a" - 5:04
* "Enter Ed's Head" - 2:40
* "Wind Machine Lining" - 4:04
* "Of Going" - 7:07
# Tubolja

Tubolja (or Potubolja) is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The origin of the name of the village is unclear. The name is like Illyrian, but may have Croatian roots. The word "tubolja" meant "big rock or beams".
The village was not cited until long after its founding, including by Bakula (1867). This does not mean it was uninhabited, but that its name changed. Šilobadović (1668) referred to the Abyss. Although inhabited, it was not mentioned in the Abyss Episcopal reports from the 17th, 18th or 19th century. Probably it was included as part of Kovač. A more points to the long-term population of the area - west of the village on a hilly elevation is Illyrian tumuli Plandovišće.
In the early 20th century, Croatian ethnologist Ante Radić visited the village, as described in Proceedings of national life and običaje.
Later Tubolja attracted immigrants from Herzegovina and Dalmatia. Among the largest families are Ivanković and Kurevija.

## Relics

Northeast, on the Mašete is a prehistoric tumulus.

## Transition

The population is increasingly moving to Tomislavgrad and other European countries.
# Beartown

Beartown may refer to:

## Geography

* Beartown State Forest, a forest located in the towns of Great Barrington, Monterey, Lee, and Tyringham, Massachusetts, in the United States
* Beartown State Park, a state park located in Droop Mountain, in northern Greenbrier County, West Virginia, in the United States
* Beartown Mountain, a mountain located in the Clinch Mountain range, which is in eastern Russell County, Virginia, in the United States
* Balsam Beartown Mountain, a mountain located in Tazewell County, Virginia, in the United States
* Beartown Wilderness, a wilderness area in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, in Tazewell County, Virginia, in the United States
* Beartown Wilderness Addition A, a wildland in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia, in the United States
* Beartown Wilderness Addition B, a wildland in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia, in the United States

### Communities

* Congleton is a town and civil parish in Cheshire, England, in the United Kingdom, nicknamed Beartown
* Beartown, New York, a hamlet located on Beartown Road in the Town of Western in Oneida County, New York, in the United States
* Beartown, West Virginia, an unincorporated community located in McDowell County, West Virginia, in the United States
* Beartown, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, is an unincorporated community in Caernarvon Township in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in the United States

## Surname

Its Norwegian literal translation, Bjørnstad, is a family name

## Other

* Beartown (novel), a novel by Swedish writer Fredrik Backman
# Haarlems Dagblad

The Haarlems Dagblad is a regional newspaper in Haarlem, Netherlands. It claims to be the oldest newspaper in the world still in printed circulation, although it was forced to merge with another Haarlem-based newspaper during the German occupation of the Netherlands.

## Oprechte Haerlemsche Courant

This earlier publication was published by Abraham Casteleyn and his wife Margaretha van Bancken, beginning in 1656 under the title Weeckelycke Courante van Europa ("Weekly Newspaper of Europe"). In 1664, when the authorities took steps to protect the weekly from its imitators, it became known as De Oprechte Haerlemse Courant (spellings vary; "oprecht" is here used in its archaic sense of "genuine"). After her husband's death in 1681, Margaretha received permission to carry on the activities of the firm.
The weekly (which soon began appearing twice and subsequently three times a week, and in the nineteenth century became a monthly) thus preceded English regular newspapers. In the paper's early days, the Windsor coffee house used to advertise that, apart from offering "the best chocolate", it supplied translations of "the Harlem Courant soon after the post is come in".
During the German occupation of the Netherlands in the Second World War, the Opregte Haarlemsche Courant was forced to merge with Haarlems Dagblad; hence the latter paper's claim to being the oldest title extant. The merged newspaper is owned by Mediahuis, a Belgian newspaper conglomerate.
# Haarlow

Haarlow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill Haarlow (1913–2003), American basketball player
* Rebecca Haarlow (born 1978), American anchor
# Tu Veneno

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Tu Veneno is the second studio album by Uruguayan singer and actress Natalia Oreiro.

## Background

Natalia Oreiro pursued her music career with her second album, Tu Veneno, and presentations in "Gala de la Hispanidad", "Gala de Murcia" (both in Spain) and "Festival de la Calle 8" in Miami. Her most important appearance was in the prestigious Latin television show Sábado Gigante Internacional, hosted by Don Francisco. Natalia's mayor achievement at this time was her music performance in Chile at the Viña del Mar Festival in 2001, for which she was crowned Queen of that event. The album scored a Latin Grammy nomination for Best Pop Female Vocal Album, but lost to Christina Aguilera's Mi Reflejo. More than 3,600,000 copies of this album was sold worldwide.

## Release

The single of the same name as the CD came out in Argentina 26 June 2000. Immediately became a hit number one in the charts. The single was filmed a video clip as a promo on the occasion of the CD. CD Tu veneno published in Argentina 8 August 2000.

## Singles

The album's first two singles were Tu Veneno and Basta De Ti which peaked at number 7 and 19 in Spain respectively.

## Personnel

Credits for Tu Veneno adapted from Allmusic:
* Alex Acuña – Guest Artist
* Gustavo Borner – Engineer, Recorder
* Pablo Durand – Arranger, producer
* Benny Faccone – Engineer, Recorder
* Yoad Nevo – Arranger
* Carlos Nieto – Engineer, Recorder
* Natalia Oreiro – Lead vocals
* Diego Ortells – Arranger
* Fernando López Rossi – Composer
* Jess Sutcliffe – Engineer, Recorder

## Official versions and remixes

* "Tu Veneno" (Versión Karaoke) (3:00)
* "Tu Veneno" (Remix) (2:33)
* "Basta de Tí" (Radio Dance Remix) (3:20)
* "Basta de Tí" (Extended Dance Remix) (4:17)

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2000-2001) | Peak position |
| Chilean Albums (IFPI) | 7 |
| Czech Albums (IFPI) | 9 |
| European Albums (Music & Media) | 56 |
| Greece International Albums (IFPI) | 2 |
| Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ) | 4 |
| Spain Albums (PROMUSICAE) | 7 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| Hungarian Albums Chart | 35 |
| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| Hungarian Albums Chart | 25 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | Gold | 30,000$^^$ |
| Czech Republic | Platinum | |
| Hungary (MAHASZ) | Platinum | 20,000 |
| Israel | Gold | |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label |
| Argentina | 8 August 2000 | BMG Ariola Argentina |
# Tu Va Stables

Tu Va Stables in County Meath, Ireland is an Irish thoroughbred horse racing stable and breeding business that was established by Noel Meade, a prominent National Hunt racing horse trainer.
Although he was a trainer, Meade did ride one horse early on in his career, Tu Va. He rode Tu Va to a win in a maiden hurdle in August 1971. Responsible for his first win as a trainer, Meade decided to name his stables after Tu Va.
Tu Va is spread out over 175 acres (0.71 km$^2$). There are a number of different facilities on the stable grounds. There are three different gallops: a six-furlong, all weather gallop; a mile long, all weather gallop; and a mile long, half grass gallop. There is also an indoor gallop that is used as a warm up, especially during the harsh winter months. There is an equine spa on the grounds to help treat the horses to the various injures that occur during practice. Two horse walkers are present that are used to keep the horses active. There are also schooling facilities for horses, including baby hurdles and fences to regulation hurdles and fences seen during actual races.
Tu Va has three principal jockeys, Paul Carberry, Niall Madden and Paul’s sister, Nina Carberry. The current stable lad is Alan McIlroy, who has spent 13 years at Tu Va. McIlroy and the employees at Tu Va were in line to be the first stable staff to receive part of the £1m Triple Crown of Hurdling bonus offered by WBX. Had Go Native, winner of the 2009 Fighting Fifth Hurdle and Christmas Hurdle, gone on to win the 2010 Champion Hurdle, McIlroy would have received £100,000 and the staff would have received £50,000. However, Go Native struggled early and finished a disappointing 10th out of 12 entries.
Famous horses trained at Tu Va include Harchibald and Go Native.
# Tu Ultima Cancion

Tu Ultima Cancion (Your Last Song) is the 10th studio album released by the romantic ensemble Los Temerarios. All songs were composed by Adolfo Angel Alba, except where indicated.

## Track list

All tracks are written by Adolfo Angel Alba

## Sales and certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Truth (Perth newspaper)

Truth was a weekly English-language newspaper published in Perth, Western Australia from 25 July 1903 until 29 March 1931.

## Background

Until 1916, the masthead read "conducted by John Norton"; then between 1916 and 1920, it read "conducted by John Norton's Trustees".
Truth was an established newspaper published in Sydney owned by William Willis, Adolphus Taylor and Patrick Crick. Norton worked for Truth and became editor and part-owner in 1891, but he was soon dismissed for repeated drunkenness. Through extensive litigation, Norton acquired the newspaper in 1896. The content of Truth became even more sensational under Norton's ownership. Truth newspapers were published in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland before the Western Australian edition was established in 1903. For a few months prior to this, a Western Australian edition had been published in Melbourne.

## Availability

Issues (1903 - 1931) of this newspaper have been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program of the National Library of Australia in cooperation with the State Library of Western Australia.
Printed and microfilm copies of Truth are also available at the State Library of Western Australia.
# Bear Poplar, North Carolina

Bear Poplar is an unincorporated community mostly within Steele Township in Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. Some of the western part extends into neighboring Mount Ulla Township.

## History

There are two stories of the name origin. The community was first known as Forty-Four because it was located 44 miles from Charlotte and Winston-Salem. The community got its name Bear Poplar around 1775 when Thomas Cowan was walking with his wife and child about a mile away from his farm when they noticed a bear crossing the road which then ran up a big poplar tree. According to another source, the community was first known as Rocky Mount, the name of a plantation owned by Henry Kesler. It was renamed to Bear Poplar in 1878 when the first post office was established.
Although a road bears the name of the community, the center of Bear Poplar isn't at Bear Poplar Road. It is located about a mile away at the intersection of NC 801 Hwy, Hall, & Graham roads. The community extends about a mile in each direction from this intersection; the eastern border is located right before Bear Poplar Road.
At some point Bear Poplar had four stores, two cotton gins, a foundry, a garage, a blue granite quarry, a school, a blacksmith shop, and a post office. The first Post Mistress, Lucy J. Kistler, was appointed in 1878. Bear Poplar Post Office ceased operation in 1966. The community is now served by Mount Ulla Post Office.
An ancestral seat of Cowan and Krider families, Wood Grove, is located just outside Bear Poplar.
Mount Ulla Barn Quilt, the largest community barn quilt in the United States from 2019 to 2021, is on the wall of a local Bear Poplar store, Elsie's (formerly West Rowan Farm, Home & Garden). The Mount Ulla Community Barn Quilt is 500 square feet, twenty square feet larger than the previous title holder—a community barn quilt in Ashland, Kansas. The Mount Ulla Barn Quilt held this title from 8 July 2019 until it was surpassed on 23 October 2021 by the "Always Original Barn Quilt Mural" in the nearby town of Cleveland, North Carolina.

### Postmasters

The Bear Poplar Post office first opened on 12 Sep 1878 with Lucy J. Kistler postmistress. There would be 9 more postmasters until it ceased operations in 1966:
* Lucy J. Kistler, started 12 Sep 1878
* Wellington L. Kistler, husband of Lucy, started 25 Jun 1879
* John Welley Clampet, started 8 Oct 1897
* Dovey Isabella Holler, started 5 Mar 1898
* Mary J. Barrier, started 23 Apr 1898
* Thomas Henry Knox, started 9 Dec 1904
* Charles McDuffy Johnston (records show his last name as Johnson although research has suggested it was Johnston), acting postmaster, started 13 Nov 1926
* Charles Luther Beaver, acting postmaster, started 13 Sep 1927
* Robert Lee Steele, acting postmaster, started 29 Jul 1942
* Margaret Emma Steele, wife of previous postmaster, started 23 Jun 1948
On 11 February 1966, the Bear Poplar post office was changed to a rural branch of the Salisbury Post Office. The post office in Bear Poplar was completely closed 7 years later on 23 June 1973.