OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gottfried Achenwall

Gottfried Achenwall (20 October 1719 – 1 May 1772) was a German philosopher, historian, economist, jurist and statistician. He is counted among the inventors of statistics.

## Biography

Achenwall was born in Elbing (Elbląg) in the Polish province of Royal Prussia. Beginning in 1738 he studied in the Jena, Halle, again Jena and Leipzig. In the years 1743 to 1746, he worked as controller in Dresden. He was awarded his master's degree in 1746 by the philosophical faculty of Leipzig and went in the following to Marburg to work as assistant professor lecturing history, statistics, natural and international law. In 1748 he was called to the University of Göttingen to become extraordinary professor of philosophy, and in 1753 he became an extraordinary professor of law and regular professor of philosophy. In 1761 he again shifted fields, becoming a professor of natural law and politics, and in 1762 he became a doctor of both laws.
In 1765, Achenwall became court counsellor of the Royal British and the Electoral court of Hanover. With financial support from King George III he travelled to Switzerland and France in 1751 and to Holland and England in 1759. He died in Göttingen, aged 52.
In economics, he belonged to the school of "moderate mercantilists"; but it is in statistics that he holds his greatest renown. The work by which he is best known is his Staatsverfassung der Europäischen Reiche im Grundrisse (Constitution of the Present Leading European States, 1752). In this work, he gave a comprehensive view of the constitutions of the various countries, described the condition of their agriculture, manufactures and commerce, and frequently supplied statistics in relation to these subjects. German economists claimed for him the title of "Father of Statistics"; but English writers disputed this, asserting that it ignored the prior claims of William Petty and other earlier writers on the subject. Achenwall gave currency to the term Staatswissenschaft (politics), which he proposed should mean all the knowledge necessary to statecraft or statesmanship.

## Publications

* Abriß der neuen Staatswissenschaft der vornehmen Europäischen Reiche und Republiken, 1749, in the following editions titled Staatsverfassung der Europäischen Reiche im Grundrisse, 1752 ff.
* (with Johann Stephan Pütter:) Naturrecht, 1750, 1753
* Jus Naturae, 2 vol., 1755–56 ff, edition VII in 1781 with a preface from Johann Henrick Christian de Selchow.
* Grundsätze der Europäischen Geschichte, zur politischen Kenntnis der heutigen vornehmsten Staaten, 1754, 2nd edition 1759 titled Die Geschichte der heutigen vornehmsten Staaten im Grundrisse, 5th edition 1779
* Entwurf der Europäischen Staatshändel des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts, 1756, 4th edition 1759
* Staatsklugheit nach ihren ersten Grundsätzen, 1761, 4th edition 1759
* Juris gentium Europaei practici primae lineae, 1775, unfinished.

## Translations

* Gottfried Achenwall, Natural Law: A Translation of the Textbook for Kant’s Lectures on Legal and Political Philosophy, edited by Pauline KLeingeld, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2020.
# Tikarè, Togo

Tikare is a village in the Bimah Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-eastern Togo.
# Tikaré Department

Tikare is a department or commune of Bam Province in north-western Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Tikare. According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 52,263.

## Towns and villages

· Tikaré · Ansouri · Baribsi · Boubou · Dafire · Dargouma · Gasongo · Gonga · Hamdallaye · Horé · Ipala · Kamtenga · Kilou · Koulniéré · Manégtaba-Foulbé · Manégtaba-Mossi · Napalgué · Ouampèga · Oui · Ritimyinga · Sancé · Sarkounga · Songodin · Soukoundougou · Tamiga · Tampèlga · Tanhoka · Téonsgo · Tirbou · Touga · Vato-Foulbé · Vato-Mossi · Yelkoto · Yoba · Zamsé · Zano
# Gordon Peter Campbell

Gordon Peter Campbell (October 3, 1898 – January 16, 1964) was a Canadian Senator, lawyer and businessman.
A lawyer by profession, he was senior partner at the Toronto firm of Campbell, Godfrey and Lewtas.
Campbell was a senior fundraiser for the Liberal Party of Canada and managed the party's financial affairs during the 1940 federal election.
In the 1930s he founded the Centurian Club, a non-partisan service organization with a mandate to interest young people in politics.
Campbell was born in Ridgetown, Ontario. As a youth, he earned pocket money by working in the general store and operating a dance hall with friends that, on one occasion, featured a young Guy Lombardo conducting the orchestra.
He graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1923 and became a junior partner in the Toronto firm of Arnoldi, Parry and Campbell. He initially focussed on litigation but later switched to corporate and taxation law.
He became particularly involved with maritime law and served as counsel to the Lake Shipping Association and the East Elevators Association. He was one of the first proponents of offshore radio, and recommended that commercial radio stations be established off the coasts of Canada.
In the 1930s, he played a role in the drafting of the Canada Shipping Act of 1934, Canada's first attempt to regulate the shipping industry which had previously been regulated by laws inherited from Britain.
He was named King's Counsel in 1939.
Campbell was appointed to the Senate by William Lyon Mackenzie King in 1943 and sat in the chamber as a Liberal until his death at the age of 65.
Later in his career, Campbell was vice-president of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and Crown Trust and was president of several shipping firms. He was also a director of Argus Corporation.
He played a role in the development of Collingwood, Ontario as a centre for skiing with his ownership of Blue Mountain Resorts Ltd.
# Banchory railway station

Banchory railway station was situated on the Aberdeen and Ballater branch (the Deeside Line). It was situated at 16 miles 72 chains (27.2 km) from Aberdeen, and was the terminus of the railway from its opening on 8 September 1853 until extension to Aboyne in 1859. The branch was extended to its final terminus at Ballater in 1866.
The station was reconstructed in 1902, and was substantially built, with stone main buildings and generous platform awnings. There was a goods yard on the down side of the line. The station was host to a LNER camping coach in 1935 and 1936, possibly one for some of 1934 and two coaches from 1937 to 1939. At least part of the station buildings were used to provide camping apartment accommodation for holidaymakers from sometime in the 1950s until the early 1960s, there was accommodation for four people.
By the time of closure all passenger services on the branch were worked by diesel multiple-unit trains, after an experiment with battery-electric railcars in 1958 – 1962. Latterly there were five passenger services in each direction, with an additional train in the summer months. The passenger service was withdrawn from 28 February 1966, and goods services continued until final closure on 18 July 1966.
In 1961, towards the end of the line's life, an additional halt was opened at Dee Street, about 800 yards (730 m) west of Banchory station and closer to the High Street and the town centre.
The Royal Deeside Railway, a heritage line, have established an operating base at Milton of Crathes about three miles east of Banchory, and are working to extend their line into the town.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Crathes Line mostly closed, partially open as a heritage line, station closed | | Great North of Scotland Railway Deeside Railway | | Dee Street Halt Line and station closed |
# Tingxia Reservoir

Tingxia Reservoir (simplified Chinese: 亭下水库; traditional Chinese: 亭下水庫; pinyin: Tíngxià shuǐkù), also known as Tingxia Lake, is a reservoir in Xikou Town, Fenghua District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China, located on the Shanjiang River, a tributary of Fenghua River. It is a large (2) scale water conservancy hub project mainly for flood control and irrigation, combined with power generation and water supply.
The construction of Tingxia Reservoir started in 1978 and was completed in 1985, with a storage capacity of 153 million cubic meters. It is the largest reservoir in Ningbo.
Ningbo's freshwater resources include the Yong River, Yao River, and Fenghua River, all of which contribute to the Tingxia Reservoir as well as other water supplies. It can provide an average of 126 million m$^3$ of premium water to urban areas.
# Graham Lake (Yellow Dog Lodge) Water Aerodrome

Graham Lake (Yellow Dog Lodge) Water Aerodrome (TC LID: CYD2) is located on Graham Lake, near the Yellow Dog Lodge, approximately 55 km (34 mi) north northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Permanent structures on the lease include, 2656 sq ft main lodge, 3 cabins and a combination workshop - storage building. No aviation fuel or oil is kept on site. There are 3 docks. The main dock and marina is on Graham Lake and the other 2 docks are on Duncan Lake. Both Lakes are 160 metres apart and are connected by a small stream. The water aerodrome marina can accommodate light aircraft on floats or skis. No landing strip is located on site.
Yellow Dog Lodge is a commercial sport fishing camp operating between June and October, February to April. Satellite internet communications and Food service is available during the operating seasons.
The nearest commercial airport is Yellowknife, Canada: YZF, located 35 statute miles south, south west of Graham Lake. Fuel may be purchased at Yellowknife.
# Bamlak Tessema Weyesa

Bamlak Tessema Weyesa (born 30 December 1982) is an Ethiopian football referee.
He is also a medical researcher, a clinical coordinator and a sociology graduate (2012) from Addis Ababa University.
He started to referee in 2003 and became international FIFA in 2009 with Djibouti vs Somalia in 2010 as his first international match.
He has been very active during CECAFA Cup 2010 where he officiated 5 matches including the Final between Tanzania and Ivory Coast and CECAFA Cup 2011 (4 matches). In 2012 he was also appointed for one Champions League match in Tanzania (1st round), and one CAF Confederation Cup in Egypt (2nd round).
He became a FIFA referee in 2009. He has served as a referee at the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, beginning with the first-round match between Djibouti and Namibia.
Fans have praised referee Bamlak Tessema Weyesa for his officiating during Senegal’s semi-final win over Burkina Faso at the Africa Cup of Nations where he overturned two penalty decisions following VAR reviews.
# Tistilbekken

Tistilbekken, also called Fjelstadbekken, is a river in the village of Ask in Gjerdrum Municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It flows through the residential area Nystulia and from Brådalsfjellet.

## 2020 Gjerdrum landslide

Tistilbekken flows into a soil area consisting of a lot of clay. On the night of 30 December 2020, the area was hit by the 2020 Gjerdrum landslide which is described as the most serious in Norway of this type in recent times. Large amounts of precipitation are considered to have had a triggering factor. Tistilbekken's role in the stability of clay and quick clay in the area has been discussed for several years.
# Tistrella bauzanensis

Tistrella bauzanensis is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Tistrella which has been isolated from soil from Bozen in Italy. Tistrella bauzanensis produces didemnin B.
# Governor of Mauritius

Mauritius has been administered by various colonial head since it was discovered until it became an independent state;
* Governor of Dutch Mauritius (Opperhoofd of Mauritius) – 1598 to 1718
* Governor of Isle de France (Mauritius) (Gouverneur d'Isle de France) – 1721 to 1810
* Governor of British Mauritius (Governor of Mauritius) – 1810 to 1968
# Government Bilingual High School Limbe

The Government Bilingual High School (GBHS) is a secondary school in Limbe, Cameroon.
# Kaino Haapanen

Kaino Mainio Haapanen (15 November 1911 – 22 April 1986) was a Finnish politician, born in Jokioinen. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1951 to 1970 and from 1974 to 1975, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). He was a presidential elector in the 1956, 1962 and 1968 presidential elections.
# Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (U boat and Trade)

The Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (U boat and Trade) was a senior British Royal Navy appointment. The post holder was part of the Admiralty Naval Staff and member of the Board of Admiralty from 1940 to 1945.

## History

First created in July 1940 as a new post as part of the redefining of responsibilities of the Assistant Chief of Naval Staff the post holder was a part of the Admiralty Naval Staff and member of the Board of Admiralty. The post holder was responsible for supervising the directors of a number of naval staff divisions specifically the Minesweeping Division and the Trade Division until 1945.

## Office Holders

Included:
* Vice-Admiral Henry Ruthven Moore, — (July 1940–October 1941)
* Vice-Admiral Edward L. S. King, — (October 1941–December 1942)
* Rear-Admiral John H. Edelsten, — (December 1942–October 1944)
* Rear-Admiral Rear-Admiral John G. L. Dundas, — (October 1944–March 1945)
* Rear-Admiral Rear-Admiral John M. Mansfield, — (March–? 1945)
# Monchito

Raymond Muñoz Rodriguez, known as Monchito, is a Latin music bandleader and percussionist popular during the New York mambo and cha cha cha boom of the 1950s. Monchito played bongo for Tito Puente, but in 1959 moved to Tito Rodriguez' band to be able to play timbal.

## Discography

* Cha Cha Cha, album 1955 Monchito and the Mambo Royals
# Arue

Arue may refer to:

## France

Arue is the name of two communes of France:
* Arue, Landes in the Landes département
* Arue, French Polynesia in the overseas territory of French Polynesia

## Music

* "Arue" (song) a song by Bump Of Chicken
# Mount Kobushi

Mount Kobushi (甲武信ヶ岳, Kobushigadake) is a mountain on the border of Saitama, Yamanashi, and Nagano prefectures in Japan. The mountain is the source of the Arakawa and Shinano Rivers. It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.
# Vice Squad (TV series)

Die Sitte is a German television series.
# Tossiat

Tossiat (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.
# Veriña

Veriña is the smallest district (parroquia rural) of the municipality of Gijón / Xixón, in Asturias, Spain.
The population of Veriña was 194 in 2005 and 177 in 2008.
Veriña is located in the west of Gijón, being an important industrial and railway axis due to its closeness to the factory of Arcelor.

## Villages and its neighbourhoods
### Veriña de Baxo

* La Estación
* El Puente Secu
* Samartín

### Veriña de Riba

* La Campina
* El Campón
* La Falconera
* El Monte
# Kristýna Nepivodová

Kristýna Nepivodová is a Czech tennis player.
Nepivodová made her WTA main draw debut at the 2018 Citi Open in the doubles draw partnering Nicole Hammond. She was coached by Chris Downs and Pedro Graber.
Nepivodová played college tennis at the University of the District of Columbia.
# Arugba

Arugba is a 2008 film.

## Synopsis

Adetutu faces many responsibilities. She must juggle her role as Arugba (the virgin) in the annual community festival with her studies at the university. She must also care for an ailing and grieving friend. Other plot points include Adejare, a demanding king, Adetutu's blossoming musical career, and her growing fondness for a gifted artist named Makinwa which places a strain on Adetutu's relationship with the other members of her all female musical group.

## Prizes

* Africa Movie Academy Awards 2009
# World University Service

The World university Service (WUS) is an international organisation founded in 1920 in Vienna as an offshoot of the World Student Christian Federation to meet the needs of students and academics in the aftermath of World War I. After World War II, it merged with European Student Relief to become International Student Service and eventually WUS in the 1950s. In the 1970s it began to focus on campaigning for educational rights for the disadvantaged.
# George Black (New Zealand politician)

George Charles Cecil Black (21 November 1903 – 17 October 1932) was a member of the House of Representatives for Motueka electorate, in the South Island of New Zealand, initially as a representative of the United Party and from early 1931 as an Independent. He committed suicide and was succeeded as MP by Keith Holyoake.

## Early life

Born in Reefton on 21 November 1903, Black was the son of George James and Marianne Catherine Black. In 1923, Black became a Parliamentary Clerk of Committees.

## Member of Parliament

Black represented the Motueka electorate in the House of Representatives from 1928 to 1932.
In the 1928 election, aged only 24, he stood as a United Party candidate and follower of Sir Joseph Ward and was successful. He unexpectedly beat the Reform Party incumbent of 14 years, Richard Hudson, and became the youngest MP at the time. He was appointed junior whip by the United Party.
In Parliament, Black refused to support the Finance Bill that proposed cuts to public service salaries and voted with the Labour Party, and in January 1931 he also opposed the decision to suspend construction of the Kawatiri–Inangahua railway line that ran through his electorate. Black was expelled from the United Party the day after voting against the Finance Bill in March 1931, saying that "no genuine supporter of the late Prime Minister", Sir Joseph Ward, could uphold such measures.
Later in the year, at the 1931 election, the bright and well-regarded local MP was elected as an independent. He was associated with Harry Atmore, the independent MP for the neighbouring Nelson electorate.
On 17 October 1932 aged 28, Black committed suicide with cyanide poison at Mākara Beach. He was survived by his wife and their child. The coroner found that Black had been mentally unstable for some months, and was also in financial difficulties.
Black's death triggered the 1932 Motueka by-election, which was won by Keith Holyoake.
# George Hannigan

George Hannigan (born 16 September 1987) is an Irish Gaelic football player who plays at inter-county level for Tipperary, and plays his club football for Shannon Rovers.

## Career

Hannigan made his championship debut for Tipperary in 2006 against Kerry
On 31 July 2016, he started in midfield as Tipperary defeated Galway in the 2016 All-Ireland Quarter-finals at Croke Park to reach their first All-Ireland semi-final since 1935. On 21 August 2016, Tipperary were beaten in the semi-final by Mayo on a 2-13 to 0-14 scoreline.
On 24 October 2018, Hannigan announced his retirement from inter-county football.

## Honours
### Tipperary

* National Football League Division 3 (2): 2009, 2017
* National Football League Division 4 (1): 2014
# George Davidson Medal

The George Davidson Medal is awarded by the American Geographical Society for the "exceptional achievement in research for exploration in the Pacific Ocean or the lands bordering therein". In 1946, the American Geographical Society received a bequest of $5000 from his daughter Ellinor Campbell Davidson to establish the medal and a research fund to honor her father. The medal was designed by American sculptor Paul Manship in 1951.

## History

George Davidson was a geographer and scientist noted for his work with the U.S. government exploring and charting the western United States and Alaska. Davidson was a geodist for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, working heavily in the Pacific waters. He later became a professor at the University of California. In 1907, he published The Discovery of San Francisco Bay.

## Recipients

Source: American Geographical Society
* 1952: George Babcock Cressey
* 1972: F. Raymond Fosberg
* 1974: Joseph Spencer
* 1975: Shinzo Kiuchi
* 1988: Hiroshi Ishida
* 1999: Hou Renzhi
* 2001: David Stoddart
* 2020: Dawn Wright
# George Davidson of Pettens

George Davidson of Pettens (c. 1593–1663) was a 17th-century Scottish landowner, merchant and philanthropist.

## Life

Little is known of his early life but he is thought to be descended from the Davidsons of Cairnbrogie. He was a burgess in Aberdeen from 1650.
He owned the Pettens estate near Balmedie, north of Aberdeen.
He appears to have been a rich merchant in Aberdeen. Having no wife or family he spent much of his money on the city. His works included:
* A new bridge on the River Don in Old Aberdeen.
* Rebuilding the bridge at Insch
* Rebuilding the churchyard walls at St Clements Church in the Footdee district
* Chapel of Ease in the Newhills district
* A fund to aid the ministers of St Clements and St Nicholas
He died in Aberdeen in 1663 and is buried in the churchyard of the Kirk of St Nicholas. His huge monument stands against the west boundary wall towards the north west corner.

## Memorials

A stone memorial to him is placed within St Clements Church in Aberdeen.
# Asakusa Shrine

Asakusa Shrine (浅草神社, Asakusa-jinja) is a Shinto shrine in the Asakusa district of Tokyo, Japan. Also known as Sanja-sama (Shrine of the Three gods), it is one of the most famous Shinto shrines in the city.
The shrine honors the three men who founded the neighboring Sensō-ji. Part of a larger grouping of sacred buildings in the area, Asakusa Shrine is on the east side of the Sensō-ji, down a street marked by a large stone torii. One of the only two buildings in the area to survive World War II, it is designated an Important Cultural Property due to its long history.

## History

An example of the gongen-zukuri style of architecture, Asakusa Shrine was commissioned by Tokugawa Iemitsu and built in 1649 during Japan's Edo period. It was constructed to honor the three men who established and built the Sensō-ji.
Legend states that two brothers, fishermen named Hinokuma Hamanari and Hinokuma Takenari, found a bosatsu Kannon statuette caught in a fishing-net in the Sumida River on May 17, 628. The third man, a wealthy landlord named Haji no Matsuchi (Haji no Nakatomo), heard about the discovery and approached the brothers to whom he delivered an impassioned sermon about the Buddha. The brothers were very impressed and subsequently converted to the Buddhist religion. The Kannon statue was consecrated in a small temple by the landlord and the brothers who thereafter devoted their lives to preaching the way of Buddhism. This temple is now known as the Sensō-ji. Asakusa Shrine was built in order to worship these men as deities.
The shrine and its surrounding area and buildings have also been the site of many Shinto and Buddhist festivals for centuries. The most important and famous of these festivals is Sanja Matsuri, held in late May.
Unlike many other structures in the area, including the Sensō-ji, the shrine (along with the nearby Nitenmon gate to the Sensō-ji) survived the Tokyo air raids of 1945. Because of this rich history, it was designated an Important Cultural Property by the Japanese Government in 1951.
Buildings in addition to the main shrine include a kagura-den (kagura dance hall) and the Hikan Inari Shrine.
A Nishinomiya Inari shrine was once located near the Hōzōmon gate to Sensō-ji. After the Meiji government ordered the separation of Shinto and Buddhism in 1868, the Nishinomiya shrine became part of the Asakusa Shrine and was located near the kagura-den, where it was destroyed in the 10 March 1945 firebombing.
# Worth, Schleswig-Holstein

Worth is a municipality in the district of Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# George Enoch Grayson

George Enoch Grayson FRIBA (7 June 1833 – 7 November 1912) was an English architect from Liverpool. He was the son of shipbuilder John Dorlin Grayson and Jane Dixon Grayson. He was articled to Jonathan Gilliband Sale in 1851, travelled on the Continent for 12 months in 1856, and opened an independent practice the following year. In 1886, he formed a partnership with Edward Ould, and in the same year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects. His son George Hastwell Grayson (1871–1951) was also an architect in Liverpool, and became a partner in the same practice.