OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vorort

    See Tagsatzung for the meaning in historical Switzerland.
Vorort (plural: Vororte) is a German term that could be considered roughly equivalent to a suburb as that term is understood in Britain and North America (but not in Australia and New Zealand, where a "suburb" of a city is necessarily within the city). Vororte usually have their own business centre. They are the remainders of formerly separate neighbour towns, or have been founded as satellite towns. The term is contrasted with Vorstadt, which describes a more densely populated area grown at the outline of a city centre.

## Switzerland

In Swiss history, Vorort referred to the temporary "presidency" of a canton or the cantonal capital. During the Old Swiss Confederacy, the canton or city that convened the Tagsatzung and chaired it was called the Vorort. In the 15th century, the city of Zürich became the de facto Vorort of the Confederacy. Since the Reformation in Switzerland, Lucerne became the Vorort of the Catholic cantons. With the 1798 establishment of the Helvetic Republic the Vororte were abolished and instead Aarau was made capital city, then Lucerne, then Bern. After the Act of Mediation, the "Vorort of Switzerland" would rotate each year between the capital of Aarau and the cities of Zürich, Bern, Lucerne, Fribourg, Solothurn and Basel. In 1815, the choice of Vororte was restricted to Zürich, Bern and Lucerne, who in turn served as biennial seat of government until 1847. In 1848, Bern became the permanent seat of the Swiss Federal Government and thus the de facto capital of Switzerland.

## Vienna

In Vienna, the historical terms Vorstädte and Vororte have very specific meanings. The Vorstädte were located outside the city walls, but within the Linienwall, a second ring of fortifications outside the city. The city walls were located in the place of the modern Ringstraße, while the Linienwall has been removed to give way to the Gürtel (both being rings of streets around the central city). All of the historical municipalities were merged into Vienna during the late 19th century. The former Vororte, which have in large parts become as urban as the Vorstädte, now make up Vienna's so-called outer districts (10th to 19th and 21st to 23rd district).
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# Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming

PPoPP, the ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, is an academic conference in the field of parallel programming. PPoPP is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest group SIGPLAN.

## History

The conference was first organised in 1988 in New Haven, Connecticut, United States; the first conference was called ACM/SIGPLAN Conference on Parallel Programming: Experience with Applications, Languages and Systems (PPEALS). The name changed to the present one when the conference was organised for the second time in 1990.
The conference has been organised biennially in 1991–2005 and annually in 2006–2009. PPoPP was part of the Federated Computing Research Conference (FCRC) in 1993, 1999, and 2003.

## Artifact Evaluation

Since 2015 PPoPP features artifact evaluation to validate experiments from accepted papers and improve reproducibility of computer systems research
# Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing

The ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC) is an academic conference in the field of distributed computing organised annually by the Association for Computing Machinery (special interest groups SIGACT and SIGOPS).

## Scope and related conferences

Work presented at PODC typically studies theoretical aspects of distributed computing, such as the design and analysis of distributed algorithms. The scope of PODC is similar to the scope of International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC), with the main difference being geographical: DISC is usually organized in European locations, while PODC has been traditionally held in North America. The Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing is presented alternately at PODC and at DISC.
Other closely related conferences include ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA), which – as the name suggests – puts more emphasis on parallel algorithms than distributed algorithms. PODC and SPAA have been co-located in 1998, 2005, and 2009.

## Reputation and selectivity

PODC is often mentioned to be one of the top conferences in the field of distributed computing. In the 2007 Australian Ranking of ICT Conferences, PODC was the only conference in the field that received the highest ranking, "A+".
During the recent years 2004–2009, the number of regular papers submitted to PODC has fluctuated between 110 and 224 each year. Of these submissions, 27–40 papers have been accepted for presentation at the conference each year; acceptance rates for regular papers have been between 16% and 31%.

## History

PODC was first organised on 18–20 August 1982, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. PODC was part of the Federated Computing Research Conference in 1996, 1999 and 2011.
Between 1982 and 2009, PODC was always held in a North American location – usually in the United States or Canada, and once in Mexico. In 2010, PODC was held in Europe for the first time in its history, and in the same year, its European sister conference DISC was organised in the United States for the first time in its history. PODC 2010 took place in Zürich, Switzerland, and DISC 2010 took place in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Since 2000, a review of the PODC conference appears in the year-ending issue of the ACM SIGACT News Distributed Computing Column. The review is usually written by a member of the distributed computing research community.
# Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures

SPAA, the ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, is an academic conference in the fields of parallel computing and distributed computing. It is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest groups SIGACT and SIGARCH, and it is organized in cooperation with the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS).

## History

SPAA was first organised on 18–21 June 1989, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. In 1989–2002, SPAA was known as Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures. In 2003, the name changed to Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures to reflect the extended scope of the conference.
In 2003 and 2007, SPAA was part of the Federated Computing Research Conference (FCRC). In 1998, 2005, 2009, and 2024, SPAA was co-located with the ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC).
# Sympistis buchis

Sympistis buchis is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is found in the United States from western Colorado to southern Utah and south to northwestern Arizona at altitudes of about 6,000 feet.
Its habitat consists of sandy soils.
It was formerly placed in the genus Oncocnemis.
The wingspan is 24–28 mm. Adults are on wing from late July to August and September.
# Sympistis cherti

Sympistis cherti is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is found in western North America from south central British Columbia south to Nevada and California at altitudes of 2,400 to 6,300 feet (730 to 1,920 m).
The wingspan is 30 to 40 mm (1.2 to 1.6 in). Adults are on wing from mid to late July to August.
# Ana María Hourrutinier

Ana María Hourrutinier, also known as Ana Luisa Hourrutinier Dorcine, is a Cuban former volleyball player who played with the Cuban women's national volleyball team and won gold medals at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas and the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis. She also won silver medals with the Cuban team at the 1985 FIVB World Cup in Japan and the 1986 FIVB World Championship in Czechoslovakia.
# Kenneth Young

Kenneth Young may refer to:
* Kenneth Young (physicist) (born 1947), American physicist and professor of physics at the Chinese University of Hong Kong
* Kenneth Young (New Zealand composer) (born 1955), New Zealand composer and conductor
* Kenneth Young (Scottish composer), Scottish video game audio director, composer, and sound designer
* Kenneth Young (born 1985), American child convict, subject of the documentary film 15 to Life: Kenneth's Story
* Kenneth Victor Young (1933–2017), was an American painter, educator, and designer.
* Kenneth Todd Young, United States Ambassador to Thailand
# Fumio Karashima

Fumio Karashima (辛島文雄, Karashima Fumio, 9 March 1948 – 24 February 2017) was a Japanese jazz pianist.

## Life and career

Karashima began playing the piano at the age of three. His father was a music teacher at Kyushu University; Karashima attended the same university. He stayed in New York in 1973, but returned to Japan the next year. In 1975 he joined drummer George Ohtsuka's band. In 1980 he joined Elvin Jones' Jazz Machine, and stayed for five years, including for tours of Europe and the United States. He then switched to being principally a solo pianist, but also led a quintet from 1988 to 1991. During the 1990s he frequently toured internationally. He died of cancer on 24 February 2017.

## Discography

An asterisk (*) after the year indicates that it is the year of release.

### As leader/co-leader

| Year recorded | Title | Label | Notes |
| 2015* | Everything I Love | Pit Inn | Solo piano |
| 2014* | A Time for Love | Pit Inn | Trio, with Satsuki Kusui (bass), Nobuyuki Komatsu (drums) |
| 2012* | Summertime | Pit Inn | Quintet, with Atsushi Ikeda and Masanori Okazaki (sax), Satsuk Kusui (bass), Nobuyuki Komastsu (drums) |
| 2010* | E.J. Blues | Pit Inn | Quartet, with Masanori Okazaki (sax), Ryu Kawamura (bass), Takeo Moriyama (drums) |
| 2008 | Moon River | VideoArts | Solo piano |
| 2005 | Great Time | VideoArts | Trio, with Drew Gress (bass), Jack DeJohnette (drums) |
| 2003 | It's Just Beginning | VideoArts | Trio, with Yosuke Inoue (bass), Shingo Okudaira (drums) |
| 2002 | Grand New Touch | VideoArts | Duo, with Kei Akagi (piano) |
| 2001 | The Elysian Air | VideoArts | Trio, with Yosuke Inoue (bass), Shingo Okudaira (drums) |
| 1999* | Rencontre | Emarcy, Polydor Japan | Duet, with Toots Thielemans |
| 1983 | Round Midnight | Absord | Quartet, with Larry Coryell (guitar), Ikuo Sakurai (bass), Motohiko Hino (drums) |
| 1982 | Elegant Evening | Absord | Trio, with Ikuo Sakurai (bass), Motohiko Hino (drums) |
| 1981 | A Child in the Wind | Absord | Trio, with Richard Davis (bass), George Ohtsuka (drums) |
| 1980 | Sho | Absord | Trio, with Nobuyoshi Ino (bass), George Ohtsuka (drums) |
| 1978 | Hot Islands | Absord | Quartet, with Mabumi Yamaguchi (sax), Miroslav Vitouš (bass), George Ohtsuka (drums) |
| 1978 | Moonflower | Absord | Trio, with Andy McCloud (bass), Elvin Jones (drums) |
| 1977 | Gathering | Three Blind Mice | Most tracks trio, with Isao Suzuki (bass), George Ohtsuka (drums); one track solo piano |
| 1977 | Landscape | Whynot | Trio, with George Mraz (bass), Motohiko Hino (drums) |
| 1975 | Piranha | Whynot | Trio, with Isao Suzuki (bass), Jimmy Hopps (drums) |
# Good Morning World (Canadian TV series)

Good Morning World is a 2007 satirical television show posing as a fictional morning show called "Good Morning World". It starred (and was also created by) Peter Oldring and Pat Kelly, as hosts Andy Peppers and Allister Coulter.
The show aired on Fridays at 8:30 pm ET/PT on The Comedy Network. Each TV episode served as a recap of the previous week of webisodes, available to view at the comedy network.
In an interview with newteevee.com, co-creator and star Peter Oldring stated that the show was entirely improvised.
# Greg Zaric

Dr. Greg Zaric is a Canadian economist and scientist, currently a Canada Research Chair in Health Care Management and Science at University of Western Ontario.
# United States House Journal

The Journal of the House of Representatives is a written record of proceedings within the United States House. Article I, Section 5 of the U.S. Constitution requires that the House "keep a Journal of its Proceedings".
The Journal contains only the legislative actions taken by the House. It does not record all debate, which is recorded in the Congressional Record.
The House must approve the journal; these votes are often used as quorum calls or to influence other debates.
Historically, the House Journal was an important source of precedent on questions of legislative procedure and certain areas of constitutional law.
# Bagge baronets

The Bagge Baronetcy, of Stradsett Hall in the County of Norfolk, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 13 April 1867 for William Bagge, Conservative Member of Parliament for West Norfolk. The sixth Baronet was Chairman of the West Norfolk District Council between 1976 and 1977.

## Bagge baronets, of Stradsett Hall (1867)

* Sir William Bagge, 1st Baronet (1810–1880)
* Sir William Henry Ernest Bagge, 2nd Baronet (1840–1881)
* Sir Alfred Thomas Bagge, 3rd Baronet (1843–1916). Bagge inherited the title when his elder brother, William, died childless. He married Millicent Case Morris in 1872, with whom he had six children, four sons and two daughters. He served in the Royal Navy as commander (1881 census) and as a justice of the peace for Norfolk. He was succeeded by his second son, Alfred William Francis Bagge, his eldest son having died in infancy.
* Sir Alfred William Francis Bagge, 4th Baronet (1875–1939)
* Sir John Picton Bagge, CMG, 5th Baronet (1877–1967)
* Sir John Alfred Picton Bagge, 6th Baronet (1914–1990)
* Sir (John) Jeremy Picton Bagge, 7th Baronet (born 1945)
The heir apparent is Alfred James John Bagge (born 1980).
# Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's 20 kilometres walk

The men's 20 kilometres walk competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar was held on 7 December 2006 at the Marathon Street Circuit in Doha Corniche.

## Schedule

All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Thursday, 7 December 2006 | 08:10 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Jefferson Pérez (ECU) | 1:17:21 | Paris, France | 23 August 2005 |
| Asian Record | Zhu Hongjun (CHN) | 1:17:41 | Cixi, China | 23 April 2005 |
| Games Record | Yu Guohui (CHN) | 1:20:25 | Bangkok, Thailand | 13 December 1998 |

## Results
### Legend

* DNS — Did not start
| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| | Han Yucheng (CHN) | 1:21:41 |
| | Kim Hyun-sub (KOR) | 1:23:12 |
| | Koichiro Morioka (JPN) | 1:23:17 |
| 4 | Yuki Yamazaki (JPN) | 1:26:00 |
| 5 | Rustam Kuvatov (KAZ) | 1:27:16 |
| 6 | Mabrook Saleh Mohamed (QAT) | 1:27:34 |
| 7 | Waleed Ahmed Al-Sabahy (QAT) | 1:37:22 |
| — | Shokirjon Irmatov (TJK) | DNS |
# William Jaffé

William Jaffé (16 June 1898 – 17 August 1980) was an American economic historian. An expert on Léon Walras, he held academic posts at Northwestern University and York University, Toronto.

## Early life and education

Born on 16 June 1898 in Brooklyn, New York, he was the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. He attended the City College of New York, graduating with a BA in English in 1918. He then completed an MA at Columbia University in 1919. He intended to study international law and travelled to France in 1921 to study it at the University of Paris (while also learning French). His previous pacifism turned to pessimism when France occupied the Ruhr in 1923 and he abandoned his interest in international law, focusing instead on economics. He completed a PhD in 1924 on Thorstein Veblen.

## Career and honours

In 1925, Carlton J. H. Hayes employed him to study the contemporary French economy with William Ogburn; the fruits of their labours were published as The Economic Development of Post-War France in 1929. In 1928, he was appointed an assistant professor at Northwestern University. He left the faculty in 1966 and spent four years occupying temporary teaching positions at the University of California at Riverside, Harvard University and the University of British Columbia. In 1970, he was appointed Professor of Economics at York University in Toronto, a chair which he held for the rest of his life.
Jaffé's friendship with the economist Henry Schultz led him to study the neoclassical economist Léon Walras, who was then largely unknown to American scholars and about whom relatively little had been written. He felt that Walras's ideas could be made more accessible by studying his letters alongside his published work. Jaffé discovered a large collection of Walras's correspondence and papers at the University of Lausanne in 1934 and spent much of the rest of his life editing them for publication and studying Walras. In 1954 his translated edition of Walras's book Elements of Pure Economics appeared in print. His three-volume Correspondence of Léon Walras and Related Papers was published in 1965; it contained 1,900 letters written in four languages over a fifty-year period. At the time of his death, he was preparing a biography of Walras.
In recognition of his accomplishments, Jaffé was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society (1963) and the Royal Society of Canada (1979); he was a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (1968) and a corresponding fellow of the British Academy (1977). He received an honorary degree and was a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honour. He died in Toronto on 17 August 1980, following surgery for treating cancer. He had married twice; firstly to Grace Mary Spurway in 1922 but the union (which produced three children) ended in divorce; and secondly in 1948 to Olive Caroline Weaver.
# American Horse (disambiguation)

American Horse may refer to:

## People

* American Horse (elder) (1830–1876), Lakota chieftain and uncle to American Horse the younger
* American Horse (1840–1908), chief of the Oglala Lakota, son of Sitting Bear and son-in-law of Red Cloud
* American Horse (Cheyenne) or Ve'ho'evo'ha ("He-Has-A-White-Man's-Horse"), chief of the Northern Suhtai band of the Northern Cheyenne and part of the Council of Forty-four, prominent warrior in the Battle of the Little Big Horn

## Animals

* Extinct horse species from North America, such as Equus scotti, Equus conversidens and Equus lambei
* Mustang, modern-day free-ranging horses descended from domestic stock of European explorers and colonists

## Other uses

* American Horse Creek, a stream in South Dakota
* "American Horse", a song from the album Sonic Temple by The Cult
# Bebearia allardi

Bebearia allardi is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (central basin).
# Kevin Stein

Kevin Stein (born January 1, 1954, in Anderson, Indiana) is a poet and professor of English at the Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois. The fourth poet laureate of the State of Illinois, he held the post from 2003 to 2017. He started teaching at Bradley University in 1984, and then became the Caterpillar Professor of English and the Coordinator of the Creative Writing Program.

## Biography

He received his Ph.D. in American literature and an M.A. in creative writing from Indiana University. Shortly after, he went to Bradley University (1984), where he has been a poet and professor of English at the Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois and currently has the title of the Caterpillar Professor of English and is the coordinator of the Creative Writing Program.
In December 2003, he was named the Illinois Poet Laureate. He stepped down from the role in December 2017.

## Awards

* Order of Lincoln (State's highest honor), 2017

## Works

* Wrestling Li Po for the Remote (Fifth Star Press, 2013)
* Sufficiency of the Actual (University of Illinois Press, 2009)
* American Ghost Roses (University of Illinois Press, 2005)
* Chance Ransom (University of Illinois Press, 2000)
* Bruised Paradise (University of Illinois Press, 1996)
* A Circus of Want (University of Missouri Press)
* The Figure Our Bodies Make (St. Louis Poetry Center, 1988)
* A Field of Wings (Illinois Writers, Inc., 1986)
* Poetry’s Afterlife: Verse in the Digital Age (University of Michigan Press, 2010)
* Private Poets, Worldly Acts
* James Wright: The Poetry of a Grown Man (Ohio University Press, 1989)
# GNAT1

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAT1 gene.
Transducin is a 3-subunit guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) which stimulates the coupling of rhodopsin and cGMP-phosphodiesterase during visual impulses. The transducin alpha subunits in rods and cones are encoded by separate genes. This gene encodes the alpha subunit in rods. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants.
# Iqbal al-Qazwini

Iqbal al-Qazwini is an Iraqi journalist and novelist. She was exiled in East Berlin, Germany in 1978 when she was in her early 20s, a consequence of Saddam Hussein's rise to power in her homeland. She has lived in Germany ever since. She has been a member of PEN International since 1993.
Al-Qazwini is best known for her 2005 novel Mamarrat al-Sukun (Amman: Dar Azminah, 2005). This was translated into English under the title Zubaida's Window by Azza el-Kholy and Amira Nowaira. As a journalist, al-Qazwini's work has appeared in various German and Arabic periodicals, such as Asharq Al-Aswat and Al Riyadh (newspaper).

## Works

A list of her works:
* Publisher and Co-Author of Die schwarze Abaya, Irakische Erzählungen, 1985
* Translation and foreword of Poesie der Indianer, 1986
* Co-Author of Verloren Gewonnen, zwischen Sprachfremde und Wortheimat, 2001
* Translation of Erich Kästner's novel Die Schule der Diktatoren(from German into Arabic), 2002
* Author of the novel Mamarrat as-Sukun (2006), Engl. Zubaida's Window (2008), 2006
* Translation of B. Traven's novel The Death Ship (from German into Arabic), 2014
# Hypogymnia vittata

Hypogymnia vittata is a species of fungus belonging to the family Parmeliaceae.
It has cosmopolitan distribution.