OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carl Nickle

Lieutenant Carl Olof Nickle (July 12, 1914 in Winnipeg, Manitoba – December 5, 1990) was an editor and publisher, oil baron, soldier in the Canadian Army and served as a Canadian federal politician from 1951 to 1957.
Nickle served a nine-year career in the Canadian Forces. He joined in 1939 and served in the Calgary Highlanders achieving the rank of Lieutenant. Nickle left the Army in 1948. Nickle first ran for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election held in the electoral district of Calgary West on December 10, 1951. Nickle won the by-election and his first term in office by a comfortable margin. Calgary's electoral boundaries would be redistributed at the drop of the writ for the 1953 federal election. He would run in the new electoral district of Calgary South and be re-elected defeating 4 other candidates. He retired from federal politics at the end of his second term in 1957.
Nickle was admitted to the Order of Canada in 1974.
# The Railway Walks

The Railway Walks is a 25.3 hectare Local Nature Reserve which runs along parts of a former railway line between Sudbury and Lavenham in Suffolk. It is owned and managed by Suffolk County Council.
The walk has diverse fauna and flora in habitats such as water meadows, streams, ditches and ponds. Birds include willow warblers, kingfishers, woodpeckers, mallards, moorhens and swans.
# Megumi Sakata

Megumi Sakata (坂田 恵, Sakata Megumi, born 18 October 1971) is a former Japanese football player. She played for Japan national team.

## Club career

Sakata was born in Ozu, Kumamoto on 18 October 1971. After graduating from high school, she joined for Nissan FC in 1990. However, the club was disbanded end of 1993 season. She moved to Prima Ham FC Kunoichi. She retired end of 1996 season. In 1999, she came back at Tasaki Perule FC and she played until 2002 season.

## National team career

In December 1989, when Sakata was 18 years old, she was selected Japan national team for 1989 AFC Championship. At this competition, on 24 December, she debuted against Nepal. She was a member of Japan for 1991 and 1995 World Cup. She also played at 1990 Asian Games, 1991, 1993 and 1995 AFC Championship. She played 10 games for Japan until 1996.

## National team statistics

Japan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1989 | 1 | 0 |
| 1990 | 2 | 0 |
| 1991 | 3 | 0 |
| 1992 | 0 | 0 |
| 1993 | 1 | 0 |
| 1994 | 1 | 0 |
| 1995 | 1 | 0 |
| 1996 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 10 | 0 |
# Hunter River

Hunter River may refer to:
* Hunter River (New South Wales), Australia
* Hunter River (Western Australia)
* Hunter River, New Zealand
* Hunter River (Prince Edward Island), Canada
** Hunter River, Prince Edward Island, community on Hunter River, Canada
# Villa Sarabhai

Villa Sarabhai, or Villa de Madame Manorama Sarabhai, is a modernist villa located in Ahmedabad, India. Designed by the Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier, it was built between 1951 and 1955. It was built with an austere interior, a typical Le Corbusier design principle.

## History

The villa was built for Manorama Sarabhai, the sister of Chinubhai Chimanlal. She commissioned it in 1951 to build a home for her growing family, and it was completed in 1955.

## Design

The villa is located on a verdant 20-acre park owned by Sarabhais. Corbusier decided on the vault as the villa's defining structure after taking into consideration the local climate, which is characterized by wide fluctuations of temperature and humidity.
# Walter Rüdorff

Walter Rüdorff (October 3, 1909 – April 1, 1989) was a German chemist known for his research on clathrates of graphite and ternary oxides.

## Education and career

Rüdorff was born in Berlin in 1909. He studied chemistry as an undergraduate at Technische Hochschule Berlin (now Technische Universität Berlin) and graduated in 1925. His graduate study was carried out under the supervision of Ulrich Hofmann at the same university, where he graduated with a PhD thesis titled Über die Kristallstruktur der Hexacarbonyle von Chrom, Molybdän und Wolfram. He then moved to the University of Rostock along with Ulrich Hofmann and achieved his habilitation status with the thesis titled Neuartige Verbindungen mit Graphit in 1941. In 1942, Rüdorff moved to TU Wien following Ulrich Hofmann. He later took up a faculty position at University of Tübingen in 1947. He stayed in Tübingen until his retirement.
Along with his supervisor Ulrich Hofmann and his father Karl Andreas Hofmann, Rüdorff cowrote the famous textbook on inorganic chemistry that are referred to as Rüdorff-Hofmann.

## Scientific research

Rüdorff and Ulrich Hofmann's work on graphite intercalation compound and sulfuric acid became an ancestor of lithium-ion battery.
Rüdorff's team discovered the ternary oxide series (including LiVO$_2$ and NaVO$_2$) in 1954 with a unique structure. The compounds with the same structural type are called rudorffites for this reason.
Rüdorff's work in 1965 on hosting lithium in titanium disulfide (TiS$_2$) inspired early efforts into using metal chalcogenides as battery cathode material.
# Theophilus (disambiguation)

Theophilus is a masculine given name. Theophilus or Theofilos may also refer to:
* Theophilus (crater), on the Moon
* MS Theofilos, a passenger/vehicle ferry built in 1975
* Theophilus (comic strip), an American religious comic strip from 1966 to 2002
* Theofilos (film), a 1987 Greek film about painter Theofilos Hatzimichail
# French Statistical Society

The French Statistical Society (in French, Société française de statistique, SFdS) is a French learned society founded in 1997 specializing in statistics. Its vocation is to promote the use of statistics, enhance its public understanding, and encourage associated methodological developments.

## Actions
### Publications

The SFdS publishes several scientific journals:
* Journal de la société française de statistique (Journal of the French Statistical Society, J-SFdS), in French and English.
* Statistique et Enseignement in French.
* Statistique et Société in French.
* Case Studies In Business, Industry And Government Statistics (CSBIGS) in collaboration with Bentley University.

### Events and outreach

The SFdS organizes every year the journées de statistiques (JdS).

### Awards

Source:
* Prix du Docteur Norbert Marx for contributions in epidepiology, public health or health economics.
* Prix Marie-Jeanne Laurent-Duhamel for a PhD thesis from a French speaking statistician.
* Prix Pierre-Simon de Laplace awarded every three years to an accomplished French-speaking statistician.

## History

The society was founded on August 6, 1997, and was recognized to serve the public benefit by the French administration on December 3, 1998. The SFdS results from the merging of the société de statistique de Paris (SSP), founded in 1860, the association pour la statistique et ses utilisations (ASU), founded in 1969 and the société de statistique de France (SSF) funded in 1976
# Garden Island Creek

Garden Island Creek is a small community south west of Hobart, in the Huon Valley in Tasmania. The area was originally settled during the 19th century primarily due to the large supply of good timber readily available; and the local geography which enabled vessels to go up the creek during high tide to collect the wood. The area currently has a number of permanent residents along with those that visit for weekends and holidays.
Garden Island Creek Post Office opened around 1875 and closed in 1969.
There was a local cricket team in the early part of the 20th century although no team currently exists. There is a small beach at Garden Island Creek which has a direct view of Garden Island (a short distance across the water) which strangely enough has the appearance of a fish when photographed from the air. There is a public phone box close to the creek and next to the Channel Highway (B68).
There is a garden nursery in the community and within a short drive a number of vineyards and fruit farms.
During the mid-1970s, Garden Island Creek was home to an ashram housing around fifty followers of the Divine Light Mission. The community disbanded after most of the members converted to Christianity.
# Hakea chromatropa

Hakea chromatropa is a species of shrub found in Southwest Australia. The distribution is restricted to an area around Wongan Hills, where it is found on gravelly loam in open shrubland. The flowers are white or creamy, becoming pink, and without a scent.

## Description

Hakea chromatropa is a non lignotuberous bushy shrub to 2.5 m (8 ft) tall and 2 m (7 ft) wide with finely fissured bark. Small branches are covered with short forked matted hairs and longer simple hairs. Mid-green leaves are rigid, egg-shaped 18–55 mm (0.7–2 in) long and 8–20 mm (0.3–0.8 in) wide narrowing toward the stem. The edge of the leaf has definite "teeth" widening toward the apex, 1–5 teeth or entire terminating with a stiff sharp point on each margin. The inflorescence appear in leaf axils with a barely discernible stalk. Each flower having a stalk 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, covered in long soft white hairs. The bracts surrounding the flower heads are egg-shaped, very concave with flat longish hairs up to 1.5 mm (0.06 in) long. Each inflorescence has 20-26 unscented creamy-white flowers turning a deep pink with age. Fruit are broadly egg-shaped more enlarged on the lower side 20–24 mm (0.8–0.9 in) long and 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide. The surface is covered with small corky pyramid-shaped protrusions. The flowering period is between July and the beginning of October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Hakea chromatropa was first formally described in 2007 by Alex George and Robyn Mary Barker and published in Nuytsia. 17:159-164. The specific epithet (chromatropa) is derived from the Ancient Greek words chroma meaning "colour"$^{:203}$ and trope "a turn" or "a turning"$^{:821}$ referring to the species habit of flowers changing colour as they age. The new taxon was described by Alex George and Robyn Barker from dried specimens obtained in 2006 and recorded as having no scent. However in a television interview, Alex George stated that Hakea chromatropa "has a lovely scent like vanilla".

## Distribution and habitat

Hakea chromatropa has a restricted distribution in four localities in the northern Jarrah Forest and north- western Avon Wheatbelt. Grows in open shrubland with sparse mallee and wandoo eucalyptus woodland on gravelly loam. The new taxon was described from flowering specimens obtained in 2006.

## Conservation status

Hakea chromatropa is listed as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.
# Muhammad ibn Uthman

Muhammad bin Uthman was a rebel leader who played a key role in the Zutt Rebellion, which took place in Iraq in the early 9th century CE. He was born into a family of the Zutt tribe who had settled in the region around Basra, and he rose to prominence as a military commander and political figure during the reign of Caliph al-Ma'mun.

## Personality

Muhammad bin Uthman was known for his charisma, his military skill, and his ability to rally support from diverse groups of people. He was a devout Sunni Muslim and a strong advocate for social justice, and he saw the Zutt rebellion as a way to challenge the corruption and oppression that he perceived in the Abbasid government.

## Rise to Power

Under Muhammad bin Uthman's leadership, the Zutt rebels captured several key cities in southern Iraq, including Basra, Wasit, and Hira and also Al-Jazira (caliphal province).
Despite their early successes, the Zutt rebels were ultimately unable to overcome the military might of the Abbasid government, and the rebellion was crushed in the year 835 CE. The tribe would be dispersed throughout the Caliphate to prevent another rebellion. Muhammad bin Uthman would still retain chief position of his tribe.

## Impact

Although the Zutt rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful, it had a significant impact on the political and social landscape of Iraq in the early Abbasid period. It highlighted the deep-seated grievances and tensions that existed between different groups in Iraqi society, and it served as a reminder of the challenges and complexities of governing a diverse and fractious empire.
# The Railway Viaduct

The Railway Viaduct is the third title in the Railway Detective series of detective mystery novels written by Keith Miles under the pseudonym Edward Marston. Set in 1852, it is about a murder on a train which is investigated and ultimately solved by two Scotland Yard detectives, Inspector Robert Colbeck and Sergeant Victor Leeming. The title place is the Sankey Viaduct on the former Liverpool and Manchester Railway. The novel was published in 2006 by Allison & Busby of London. The graphic on the book cover is from T. T. Bury's 1831 depiction called Viaduct across the Sankey Valley in his Liverpool and Manchester Railway series of paintings. According to the publishers in a 2018 news release, the series has been optioned for television adaptation by Mammoth Screen.

## Plot introduction

A French railway engineer is killed on a train crossing the Sankey Viaduct and his body is flung over the parapet into the canal below.

## Plot summary

Inspector Robert Colbeck, Sergeant Victor Leeming and their former colleague Brendan Mulryne follow the trail to France where they meet Thomas Brassey, whose construction of the Mantes to Caen railway is being sabotaged. First Leeming and then Mulryne must pose as navvies to unravel a conspiracy.

## Characters in "The Railway Viaduct"
### Main characters (all recurring)

For a full description of the main characters, who all recur throughout the series, see The Railway Detective.
* Robert Colbeck – A detective inspector working for the Metropolitan Police Force (the Met) at Scotland Yard, London. He is the eponymous "Railway Detective".
* Victor Leeming – A detective sergeant at Scotland Yard who is Colbeck's assistant.
* Edward Tallis – The detective superintendent who is in charge of the Detective Department at Scotland Yard.
* Madeleine Andrews – A talented artist who is Colbeck's love interest. She frequently assists him in his investigations.
* Caleb Andrews – Father of Madeleine. He is an engine driver with the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR).
* Brendan Mulryne – Huge, jovial Irishman who was a police officer himself until being discharged by Tallis for brawling. He remains a close friend of Colbeck and Leeming.
* Estelle Leeming – Wife of Victor and mother of their two children. An unseen character in this book.

### Other characters

* Thomas Brassey – A key character in the novel which largely concerns his construction of the Mantes to Caen railway in Normandy.

## Historical references

The Detective Department of the Metropolitan Police Force (the Met) was founded in 1842 and so was only ten years old in 1852, when the story is set.

## Notes and sources

* ↑ "Inspector Robert Colbeck". www.edwardmarston.com.
* ↑ "Series published by Allison & Busby". www.allisonandbusby.com.
* ↑ "Cool Extras for The Railway Detective". www.allisonandbusby.com.
# Indolestes cyaneus

Indolestes cyaneus is a species of spreadwing in the damselfly family Lestidae.
The IUCN conservation status of Indolestes cyaneus is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2009.
# Stéphane Proulx

Stéphane Proulx (December 12, 1965 – November 21, 1993) was a Canadian racing driver.

## Early life

Proulx was born in Sainte-Adèle, Quebec. His mother, Monique, was a Formula Atlantic driver in the 1970s and was one of the first women to be sponsored by a cigarette company. She gave up racing to support the career of her son.

## Career

Stéphane won the 1987 Canadian Formula Ford 2000 Championship driving a Reynard 87SF for the Spenard-David Racing School. In 9 races he won 6, took 3 pole positions and finished on the podium in every race.
In 1989 he made the step up to Formula 3000, joining GA Motorsport bringing his Player's Ltd sponsorship with him. He drove a Lola T89/50 Cosworth DFV but had a difficult season adjusting to the power and to the new circuits. He finished 5th at Le Mans and finished the season 17th in the Championship with 2 points.
In 1990 he stayed in Formula 3000 but switched to Pacific Racing. Pacific had lost their sponsorship from Philip Morris and so Stéphane's Player's Ltd funding was a welcome addition. Proulx was competitive but he failed to capitalise on it. A 12th at Donington was followed by accidents at Silverstone, Pau, Jerez, Monza and Enna-Pergusa. 10th at Hockenheim in a rare finish was followed by gearbox failure at Brands Hatch. After two more accidents at Birmingham and Le Mans, he finished 7th at Nogaro in the final round.
In 1991 Proulx came back to Canada and drove a Swift tuned by Mauro Lanaro in the Canadian rounds of the IMSA Molson Formula Atlantic series, being declared the Canadian Formula Atlantic Champion, after a win in the last round at Vancouver.
In 1992 he competed in five rounds of the French F3 Championship driving a Dallara F392 Alfa Romeo for Formula Project Racing.

## Later life

On April 3, 1993, while participating in a Formula Atlantic race at Phoenix International Raceway, Proulx was hit on his head by a wheel lost by another competitor. He sustained injuries from which he never recovered. Proulx died of complications resulting from HIV-related illness on November 21, 1993, in Sainte-Adèle.
# G4202 Chengdu Ring Expressway

The Chengdu Ring Expressway (Chinese: 成都绕城高速公路), designated as G4202, is a ring expressway in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. The six-lane expressway was opened on 16 December 2001 and it connects multiple expressways in Chengdu.

## History

The expressway was originally called Chengdu No. 1 Ring Expressway and had a construction cost of 4.3 billion yuan, with a total length of 85 kilometers, a design speed of 100 kilometers per hour, and emergency shoulder lanes. There are 11 interchange overpasses and 30 separate overpasses along the road, which were officially opened to traffic on 16 December 2001.

## Toll

Since 1 December 2019, only vehicles registered in Chengdu that are equipped with ETC devices can enjoy the preferential policy of free passage when passing the above two expressways. The county government finances the unified payment of expressway tolls. Vehicles registered in Chengdu that are not equipped with ETC devices are required to bear the expressway vehicle tolls by themselves.
# Auckland Transport (disambiguation)

Auckland Transport may refer to:
* Auckland Transport, the local government entity dealing with transport matters in Auckland, New Zealand
* Auckland Regional Transport Authority, the predecessor of Auckland Transport
* Transport in Auckland, New Zealand
# French Studies

French Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for French Studies. It was established in 1947 and covers all periods of French and francophone literature and culture. Articles are published in English or French. The journal is accompanied by a sister publication for shorter articles called The French Studies Bulletin.
The editor-in-chief is Timothy Unwin (University of Bristol). From 1987 to 1997, its editor-in-chief was Alan Raitt.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Linguistic Bibliography/Bibliographie Linguistique
* Bibliography of the History of Art
* British Humanities Index
* Historical Abstracts
* MLA International Bibliography
* Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts
* ProQuest databases
# Breakpoint (novel)

Breakpoint is a cyberpunk science fiction novel by former United States intelligence and counterterrorism official Richard A. Clarke. It is his second novel. The book paints a dystopic prediction of the future.

## Plot

A series of explosions occur at seemingly unimportant sites in the United States. These sites happen to be the locations where transatlantic cables from Europe and Asia reach the U.S. essentially cutting the U.S. off from the world, at least via the Internet. The attacks are immediately blamed on the Chinese. Two investigators are sent to investigate the incidents, with this assumption in mind. The investigators soon uncover an underground science of genomics and nanotechnology working on human-computer integration.

## Reception

It was featured on the Colbert Report.
# Hakea constablei

Hakea constablei is a shrub in the Proteaceae family native to eastern Australia. A bushy shrub or small tree with a profusion of white or cream flowers in spring.

## Description

Hakea constablei is a compact rounded shrub to small tree growing to 1.8 to 6 metres (5.9 to 19.7 ft) high. The needle-shaped bright green pointed leaves are 3 to 11 centimetres (1 to 4 in) long and 1 to 1.6 millimetres (0.0 to 0.1 in) wide. New growth is hairy, branches are arching hanging loosely and despite the pointed leaves not particularly prickly. The bright green leaves are needle-shaped and about 10 cm (3.9 in) long. It produces cream-white flowers from September to November on the previous seasons stems. Each inflorescence is composed of 6 to 12 flowers with a cream white perianth that is 3–4.2 mm (0.12–0.17 in) long. The style about 10 mm (0.39 in) long with a cone shaped stigma. The large rounded fruit are 4.3 to 5.5 centimetres (1.69 to 2.17 in) long and 3 to 3.5 cm (1.18 to 1.38 in) wide. The dark grey surface is covered with warty protuberances, ending with horns 0.5 to 1.8 mm (0.020 to 0.071 in) long. The dark brown seed are 2.7 to 3.7 cm (1.06 to 1.46 in) long with a wing down one side.

## Taxonomy and naming

Hakea constablei was initially found in 1899 but the specimen was inadvertently stored with another Hakea. It was overlooked until 1950 when E.F. Constable collected the species near the Blue Mountains and brought it to the attention of botanists at the Sydney Herbarium. The species was first formally described by the botanist Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson in 1962 and published in Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium. The specific epithet honours Ernie Constable a former seed and plant collector for the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney. He collected mostly in New South Wales, including the type specimen for the species.

## Distribution and habitat

Hakea constablei is endemic to an area in the Blue Mountains and Wollondilly catchment in New South Wales where it is found among elevated sandstone outcrops as part of sclerophyll forest communities.

## Conservation status

Hakea constablei is considered rare, ROTAP conservation code 2RCa, Briggs, Leigh and Hartley 1996.
# Capsicum conicum

Capsicum conicum may refer to:
* A synonym of Capsicum annuum
* A synonym of Capsicum baccatum
# Xinghua, Fengkai County

Xinghua (Chinese: 杏花; pinyin: Xìnghuā; lit. 'apricot blossom') is a town of Fengkai County in western Guangdong province, China, located 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the county seat. As of 2011, it has one residential community (社区) and 11 villages under its administration.
# J-FLAG

J-FLAG, the Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays, is an LGBT rights organisation in Jamaica, founded in 1998, and works for the human rights of lesbians, all-sexuals, and gays in Jamaica and the world. It is part of the Caribbean Forum of Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays (C-FLAG).
LGBT civil rights organisations outside the country highlighted homophobic bigotry and violence in Jamaica before the founding of J-Flag, most publicly in the Stop Murder Music campaign calling for censorship of homophobic lyrics in dancehall music, and sexual minorities remain at risk of physical violence. The group runs the Stop Murder Music campaign jointly with the Black Gay Men's Advisory Group and OutRage!.
In response J-FLAG offers legal reform and advocacy, education, and social services and support. The group was unable to continue regular safe-space/fund-raiser/social events, lymes held monthly until August 2001, due to the inability to accommodate the growing number of attendees. They advocate inclusion of sexual orientation in the Jamaican constitution as well as on behalf of individuals seeking asylum in the United Kingdom and Canada.