OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wrestling at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg

The men's Greco-Roman 60 kg competition of the Wrestling events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Ñuñoa was held on November 3.

## Qualification

The winner of each weight category at the 2021 Junior Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia qualified directly, along with the top four at the 2022 Pan American Wrestling Championships and 2023 Pan American Wrestling Championships. The host country (Chile) is guaranteed a spot in each event, but its athletes must compete in both the 2022 and 2023 Pan American Championship. If Chile does not qualify at any of the first two events, it will take the fourth spot available at the 2023 Pan American Championships. A further six wildcards (four men and two women) will be awarded to nations without any qualified athlete but took part in the qualification tournaments.

## Schedule

All times are local (UTC−3)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Wednesday, 3 November 2023 | 10:00 | Round of 16 |
| Wednesday, 3 November 2023 | 11:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Wednesday, 3 November 2023 | 12:00 | Semifinals |
| Wednesday, 3 November 2023 | 17:00 | Finals |

## Results
### Legend

* F — Won by fall

### Main Bracket

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals |
| | | Yerony Liria (DOM) | 2 | | | | |
| Samuel Mesropian (ARG) | 0 | Jeremy Peralta (ECU) | 7 | | | | |
| Jeremy Peralta (ECU) | 9 | | | Jeremy Peralta (ECU) | 0 | | |
| | | | | Ildar Hafizov (USA) | 8 | | |
| | | Ildar Hafizov (USA) | WO | | | | |
| | | Samuel Gurria (MEX) | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Ildar Hafizov (USA) | 7 |
| | | | | | | Kevin de Armas (CUB) | 5 |
| | | Kevin de Armas (CUB) | 8 | | | | |
| | | Cristóbal Torres (CHI) | 0 | | | | |
| | | | | Kevin de Armas (CUB) | 7 | | |
| | | | | Raiber Rodríguez (VEN) | 1 | | |
| | | Raiber Rodríguez (VEN) | 7 | | | | |
| | | Dicther Toro (COL) | 3 | | | | |

### Repechage

| Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| Samuel Gurria (MEX) | |
| Jeremy Peralta (ECU) | WO |
| Cristóbal Torres (CHI) | 1 |
| Raiber Rodríguez (VEN) | 7 |

## Final standing

| Rank | Athlete |
| | Ildar Hafizov (USA) |
| | Kevin de Armas (CUB) |
| | Jeremy Peralta (ECU) |
| | Raiber Rodríguez (VEN) |
| 5 | Cristóbal Torres (CHI) |
| 6 | Dicther Toro (COL) |
| 7 | Yerony Liria (DOM) |
| 8 | Samuel Mesropian (ARG) |
| — | Samuel Gurria (MEX) |
# Wrestling at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's Greco-Roman 130 kg

The men's Greco-Roman 130 kg competition of the Wrestling events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Ñuñoa was held on November 4.

## Qualification

The winner of each weight category at the 2021 Junior Pan American Games in Cali, Colombia qualified directly, along with the top four at the 2022 Pan American Wrestling Championships and 2023 Pan American Wrestling Championships. The host country (Chile) is guaranteed a spot in each event, but its athletes must compete in both the 2022 and 2023 Pan American Championship. If Chile does not qualify at any of the first two events, it will take the fourth spot available at the 2023 Pan American Championships. A further six wildcards (four men and two women) will be awarded to nations without any qualified athlete but took part in the qualification tournaments.

## Schedule

All times are local (UTC−3)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Wednesday, 4 November 2023 | 10:00 | Round of 16 |
| Wednesday, 4 November 2023 | 11:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Wednesday, 4 November 2023 | 12:00 | Semifinals |
| Wednesday, 4 November 2023 | 17:00 | Finals |

## Results
### Legend

* C — Won by 3 cautions given to the opponent
* F — Won by fall

### Main Bracket

| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals |
| | | Eduard Soghomonyan (BRA) | 9 | | | | |
| Gino Ávila (HON) | 2 | Gino Ávila (HON) | 0 | | | | |
| Leo Santana (DOM) | 1 | | | Eduard Soghomonyan (BRA) | 0 | | |
| | | | | Óscar Pino (CUB) | 11$^C$ | | |
| | | Yasmani Acosta (CHI) | 1 | | | | |
| | | Óscar Pino (CUB) | 3 | | | | |
| | | | | | | Óscar Pino (CUB) | 6 |
| | | | | | | Cohlton Schultz (USA) | 0 |
| | | Edgardo López (PUR) | 0 | | | | |
| | | Cohlton Schultz (USA) | 6$^F$ | | | | |
| | | | | Cohlton Schultz (USA) | 5 | | |
| | | | | Moisés Pérez (VEN) | 2 | | |
| | | Moisés Pérez (VEN) | 5 | | | | |
| | | Paul Morales (MEX) | 1 | | | | |

### Repechage

| Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| Yasmani Acosta (CHI) | 9 |
| Eduard Soghomonyan (BRA) | 0 |
| Edgardo López (PUR) | 2 |
| Moisés Pérez (VEN) | 10 |

## Final standing

| Rank | Athlete |
| | Óscar Pino (CUB) |
| | Cohlton Schultz (USA) |
| | Yasmani Acosta (CHI) |
| | Moisés Pérez (VEN) |
| 5 | Eduard Soghomonyan (BRA) |
| 5 | Edgardo López (PUR) |
| 7 | Gino Ávila (HON) |
| 8 | Leo Santana (DOM) |
| 9 | Paul Morales (MEX) |
# Askam and Ireleth Wind Farm

Askam and Ireleth Wind Farm is a group of 7 turbines located two kilometers east of the village Askam and Ireleth, on the southern slopes of Hare Slack Hill. Work on the turbines started in late 1998, and the wind farm took eight months to complete. It first generated energy in July, 1999.

## Description

Recent reports show the windfarm is producing only 30.2% of the theoretical maximum amount of electricity claimed by then-operators Powergen in the planning application.
E.ON, developer and owner, claims that the wind farm generated enough renewable electricity in 2005 to supply nearly 2,500 homes and avoided the emission of over 4,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. The wind farm, which features seven turbines measuring 40 metres (131 ft) to the top of the tower, is not permanently staffed. Instead it is controlled and monitored from Rheidol Hydroelectric Power Station, near Aberystwyth, Mid Wales.

## Local opposition to the windfarm

The Marton, Askam and Ireleth Windfarm Action Group (MAIWAG) was formed by local residents of the three villages upset by what they saw as the inconsiderate construction of the windfarm by then developers Wind Prospect. The group claimed the reality of the windfarm at Far Old Park farm bore little resemblance to the proposed scheme they were first told about. Their main concerns related to the size and environmental impact of the development as well as noise it produced. It was discovered that six of the seven turbines were not constructed in line with the developer's original application and as such did not have planning permission. Barrow Borough Council signed an agreement with the developer, imposing a range of planning conditions on the turbines already built. As complaints by local residents continued to be made about the noise the council resolved to take action against the windfarm. Later, borough councillors decided to drop this planned enforcement action in December 2002. Disappointed by this decision, six members of the group went ahead with a private prosecution against the owners and operators of the windfarm on the grounds it was a "noise nuisance". But their case was unsuccessful.
Members of the group later toured the country to share their experiences and aid other countryside defence groups in their fight against excessive windfarm development.
# George Gargrave

George Gargrave (1710–1785), was an English mathematician.

## Biography

Gargrave was born in Leyburn, Yorkshire, in 1710. He was educated by his uncle, John Crow, a schoolmaster in that place. Under him he acquired a considerable knowledge of the classics and mathematics. His natural bent was towards astronomy, and in his after life he was reputed as one of the best proficients in the less recondite branches of that science in the north of England.
In 1745 he became associated with Joseph Randall in the management of the academy at Heath, near Wakefield. The academy, though of good repute, did not pay, and was given up in 1754. Gargrave then started at Wakefield a mathematical school, with such success that in 1768 he retired on a handsome competency. He died on 7 December 1785, and was buried in the churchyard at Wensley.

## Personal

Gargrave was a musician of some skill, and his handwriting was remarkably clear and fine. He possessed a large and well-selected library, and a fine collection of astronomical and other scientific apparatus. He contributed to the Gentleman's Magazine a translation of Dr. Halley's ‘Dissertation on the Transit of Venus’ (1760, p. 265); ‘Observations on the Transit of Venus’ (1761, p. 296); on the same subject (1769, pp. 278–9); ‘Observations of an Eclipse of the Moon’ (1776, p. 357); and ‘Memoirs of Mr. Abraham Sharp, mathematician, mechanic, and astronomer’ (1781, p. 461). He also left a manuscript treatise on the doctrine of the sphere.
# George Hale (baseball)

George Wagner Hale (August 3, 1894 – November 1, 1945) was a professional baseball player. Nicknamed "Ducky", he was a catcher over parts of four seasons (1914, 1916–18) with the St. Louis Browns. For his career, he compiled a .175 batting average in 103 at-bats, with nine runs batted in.
He was born in Dexter, Kansas and died in Wichita, Kansas at the age of 51.
# Asian studies

Asian studies is the term used usually in North America and Australia for what in Europe is known as Oriental studies. The field is concerned with the Asian people, their cultures, languages, history and politics. Within the Asian sphere, Asian studies combines aspects of sociology, history, cultural anthropology and many other disciplines to study political, cultural and economic phenomena in Asian traditional and contemporary societies. Asian studies form a field of post-graduate study in many universities.
It is a branch of area studies, and many Western universities combine Asian and African studies in a single faculty or institute, like SOAS in London. It is often combined with Islamic studies in a similar way. The history of the discipline in the West is covered under Oriental studies.
The International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) only considers Asia to the east of the Indus River in its scope of "Asian Studies".

## Branches

* South Asian studies (Indology)
** Bengal studies
** Dravidian studies
*** Tamilology
** Pakistan studies
** Sindhology
* Southeast Asian studies
** Filipinology (Philippine studies)
** Thai studies
** Vietnamese studies
** Myanmar studies
** Indonesian studies
* East Asian studies
** Sinology (Chinese studies)
** Taiwan studies
** Japanese studies
*** Ainu studies
*** Okinawan studies
*** Ryukyuan studies
** Jurchen studies
** Khitan studies
** Korean studies
** Manchurology
** Mongolian studies
** Tangutology
** Tibetology (Tibetan studies)
** Uyghur studies
* Western Asian studies
** Jewish studies
** Iranian studies
* Central Asian studies
** Turkology
* Semitic studies
** Assyriology
** Hebraic studies
* Jewish studies (often overlapping with Middle Eastern studies)
* Islamic studies (often overlapping with Middle Eastern and Central Asian studies)
* Middle Eastern studies or Near Eastern studies
# The New Machiavelli

The New Machiavelli is a 1911 novel by H. G. Wells that was serialised in the English Review in 1910. Because its plot notoriously derived from Wells's affair with Amber Reeves and satirised Beatrice and Sidney Webb, it was "the literary scandal of its day."

## Plot summary

The New Machiavelli purports to be written in the first person by its protagonist, Richard "Dick" Remington, who has a lifelong passion for "statecraft" and who dreams of recasting the social and political form of the English nation. Remington is a brilliant student at Cambridge, writes several books on political themes, marries an heiress and enters parliament as a Liberal influenced by the socialism of Altiora and Oscar Bailey, a couple easily recognisable as the Webbs, only to go over to the Conservatives. Remington undertakes the editing of an influential political weekly and is returned to parliament on a platform advocating the state endowment of mothers but his career is wrecked by his love affair with a brilliant young Oxford graduate, Isabel Rivers. When rumours of their affair begin to circulate, Remington tries to break it off but then resolves to abandon wife, career, party and country to live in Italy, where he writes the apologia pro vita sua that the novel constitutes.

## Themes

The novel's themes are politics and sex, both abiding preoccupations of the author. Biographer David Smith called The New Machiavelli "Wells's most autobiographical novel". The development of political and sexual passion in the protagonist is traced in intricate detail. The artificiality of Victorian and Edwardian morality is the novel's chief target: "Thank God! I'll soon be out of it! The shame of it! The very savages in Australia initiate their children better than the English do to-day. Neither of us was ever given a view of what they call morality that didn't make it show as shabby subservience, as the meanest discretion, an abject submission to unreasonable prohibitions! meek surrender of mind and body to the dictation of pedants and old women and fools. We weren't taught—we were mumbled at!"

## Criticism

Vincent Brome wrote that The New Machiavelli was "the beginning of the retreat of Wells the story-teller. ... It was the first ominous eruption of those magnificent moments of self-assertion which were to disintegrate the novelist in him." The novel has had many prestigious admirers, Joseph Conrad called it a "master-work", Upton Sinclair considered it Wells's masterpiece and D. H. Lawrence called it "awfully interesting"; another admirer, Henry James, regarded Wells's use of the first person an artistic mistake.

## Reception

Beatrice Webb called The New Machiavelli "very clever in a malicious way" but did not sue, saying that the novel "lays bare the tragedy of H.G.'s life—his aptitude for 'fine thinking' and even 'good feeling' and yet his total incapacity for decent conduct." Some libraries banned the book and the Spectator did not review it. Reviewers were receptive to Wells's political argument but hostile to its sexual message.
# Wriothesley Russell

Wriothesley Russell may refer to:
* Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford (1680–1711)
* Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford (1708–1732)
* Reverend Lord Wriothesley Russell (1804–1886)
# Wrapper

Wrapper generally refers to a type of packaging. It may also refer to:

## Computing

* Wrapper (data mining), a technique used in data mining
* Wrapper function, a function whose main purpose is to call a second function
* Wrapper library
** Driver wrapper, software that functions as an adapter between an operating system and a driver
** Wrapper pattern, where some computer programming code allows certain classes to work together that otherwise would not
* Primitive wrapper class, a computer term referring to a Java class in object-oriented programming
* TCP Wrapper, software used for filtering network access.
* Service wrapper, software that enables other programs to be run as services or daemons
* A digital container format containing both data and metadata

## Other

* Wrapper (clothing), a woman's garment which is worn over nightwear in North America, and a colorful garment widely worn in West Africa
* Wrapper (philately), postal stationery which pays the delivery cost of a newspaper or a periodical
* Wrapper, the outer leaf of tobacco used in cigar making
* Newspaper wrapper
* The dust jacket of a hardcover book
# Asha Abdullah Juma

Asha Abdullah Juma (born 13 November 1950) is a Zanzibari politician who is a Member of the National Assembly of Tanzania. She served as a Chama Cha Mapinduzi Member of the Zanzibar House of Representatives, and as Minister for Labour, Youth Development, Women and Children in the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, from 2005 to 2010.
She was educated at the University of East Anglia (MA Gender Analysis and Development, 2000) and the Open University of Tanzania (MBA, 2013).
# La notte vola

"La notte vola" is a song recorded by Italian singer Lorella Cuccarini.

## Track listing and formats

* Italian 7-inch single
    A. "La notte vola" – 3:42
    B. "Lullabye Mix" – 4:12

## Credits and personnel

* Lorella Cuccarini – vocals
* Silvio Testi – songwriter, producer
* Marco Salvati – songwriter, arranger
* Peppe Vessicchio – songwriter, arranger
* Mario Tagliaferri – mixing
Credits and personnel adapted from the 7-inch single liner notes.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "La notte vola" :
| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| Italy (Musica e dischi) | 8 |

## Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for "La notte vola" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) since 2009 | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Harold Rosen

Harold Rosen may refer to:
* Harold Rosen (educationalist) (1919–2008), American born, British socialist educationalist
* Harold Rosen (electrical engineer) (1926–2017), American, known as "the father of the geostationary satellite"
* Harold Rosen (businessman), Executive Director of the Grassroots Business Fund
* Harold Rosen (politician) (1906–1989), member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
* Harold Rosen (mayor) (1925–2018), mayor of Miami Beach, Florida
# 88th Fighter Training Squadron

The 88th Fighter Training Squadron is part of the 80th Flying Training Wing based at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas. It operates Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft conducting flight training.

## History
### World War II

The 88th flew combat missions in the China Burma India Theater from, 1 October 1943 – 28 April 1945.

### Flying training

It conducted undergraduate pilot training for US and allied students from, 1973–1981 and has been part of the Euro-NATO Joint Pilot Training Program since October 1981.

### Operations

* World War II
* Constituted as the 88th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 13 January 1942
    Activated on 9 February 1942
    Redesignated 88th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942
    Redesignated 88th Fighter Squadron (Single Engine) on 1 July 1942
    Redesignated 88th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 28 February 1944
    Inactivated on 3 November 1945
* Redesignated 88th Flying Training Squadron on 25 May 1972
    Activated on 1 Jan 1973
    Redesignated 88th Fighter Training Squadron' on 18 October 2007

### Assignments

* 80th Fighter Group, 9 February 1942 – 3 November 1945
* 80th Flying Training Wing, 1 January 1973
* 80th Operations Group, 2 January 1988 – present

### Aircraft

* Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (1942–1943, 1944–1945)
* Curtiss P-40 Warhawk (1943–1944)
* Cessna T-37 Tweet (1973–1993)
* Northrop T-38 Talon (1981 – present)
# Kaso River (Sukabumi)

Kaso River, also known as Ci Kaso is a river in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia, about 140 km south of the capital Jakarta.

## Hydrology

The Cikaso River originates in North Sukabumi and flows south to the Surade subdistrict in South Sukabumi. The Cikaso waterfall is in the Ujung tourist area between Jampang Kulon and Surade. The waterfalls have a height of almost 80 metres (260 ft), with three parallel drops along cliffs that are about 100 feet (30 m) wide. The falls are accessible from the Ciniti, Cibitung village in the Cibitung Kulon sub-Jampang. They can be reached by foot or by motor boat.
Kaso river is the main stem in the Cikaso drainage basin. The Cikaso basin is bordered by the Cibuni basin to the east, the Cikarang basin to the west, and the Cimandiri basin to the north. All of drainage basins are part of the group of drainage basins of the south coast of Java, where their main stem flow into the Indian Ocean.

## Geography

The river flows in the southwest area of Java with predominantly tropical monsoon climate (designated as Am in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 23 °C. The warmest month is August, when the average temperature is around 26 °C, and the coldest is January, at 20 °C. The average annual rainfall is 3834 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 578 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 35 mm rainfall.
# Xanthidium antilopaeum

Xanthidium antilopaeum is a species of unicellular desmid in the family Desmidiaceae. It is a common, worldwide species found in acidic waters, particularly the edges of large ponds and lakes.

## Description

Xanthidium antilopaeum consists of single cells. Cell are symmetrical, with a deep constriction (called an isthmus) dividing the cell into two identical halves called semicells. Cells are about as broad as long, 42–76 μm long and 40–72 μm wide excluding the spines. Semicells are subelliptical to hexagonal with rounded corners. In each semicell, the four corners are extended into a pair of simple, straight or somewhat curved spines.

## Taxonomy

Xanthidium antilopaeum is one of the most polymorphic desmid species. Over 93 infraspecific taxa have been described within X. antilopaeum. According to Šťastný et al., many of these taxa have "no phylogenetic value", but some may be so distinctive to be their own species. One such example is Xanthidium basiornatum (formerly Xanthidium antilopaeum var. basiornatum). This species is distinguished from X. antilopaeum by having spines with a stout base, a central protuberance on the semicells, and a row of the 12-14 small pits located next to the isthmus.
Some other varieties include:
* Xanthidium antilopaeum var. dimazum – each semicell has a pair of tubercles next to each other, each surrounded by a ring of pores.
* Xanthidium antilopaeum var. hebridarum – each semicell has three spines on each lateral margin (six spines per semicell), all disposed in a vertical plane.
* Xanthidium antilopaeum var. laeve – compared to the typical variety antilopaeum, it is larger and somewhat longer than broad, and has a more open sinus.
* Xanthidium antilopaeum var. polymazum – the face of the semicells has a distinct arc of granules above the central protuberans.
# United States Post Office and Courthouse–Billings

The U.S. Post Office and Courthouse–Billings, in Billings, Montana, was built in 1914. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
It includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture and Second Renaissance Revival architecture. Also known as Billings Post Office and Courthouse and as Billings Downtown Station, it served historically as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the District of Montana, and as a post office. The courthouse functions have since been relocated to the James F. Battin U.S. Courthouse.
The building's construction was touted as a great thing for Billings, and its opening was a matter of great pride for the city. The building was expanded and renovated in 1932.