OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Habeas Corpus Act 1862

The Habeas Corpus Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. 20) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that limited the right of the English courts to issue writs of habeas corpus in British colonies or dominions. The act was passed in response to Ex parte Anderson, a case in the Canadian courts in which the English Court of King's Bench attempted to issue a writ of habeas corpus and have Anderson appear before an English judge. While the court issued the writ, it felt that setting such a precedent would interfere with the "higher degree of Colonial independence". As a result, the act was passed, receiving royal assent on 16 May 1862.
The statute consists of only two clauses:
The act was notably used in R v Secretary of State for Home Affairs, ex p O'Brien [1923] 2 KB 361, in which Sir Patrick Hastings' challenge to the deportation and internment of British citizens to the Irish Free State was rebuffed by the divisional court because the 1862 act meant that the court had no jurisdiction to order the release of the citizens.
In 1971 Lord Denning led the Court of Appeal in Re Keenan [1971] 3 WLR 844 in saying that no English court has jurisdiction to issue a writ of habeas corpus anywhere in Ireland, whether in Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland. He based this judgment partially on the 1862 act, and partially on a judgment of Lord Mansfield construing the Repeal of Act for Securing Dependence of Ireland Act 1782 (22 Geo. 3. c. 53) and the Irish Appeals Act 1783 (23 Geo. 3. c. 28) in declining the opportunity to issue a writ in Northern Ireland.
# Morgan Matson

Morgan Catherine Matson (born September 19), also known under her pseudonym Katie Finn, is a New York Times bestselling American novelist.

## Early life and education

Morgan Matson was born in New York City on September 19 and grew up in both New York City and Greenwich, Connecticut. She has one brother, Jason Matson, who is a lawyer. She also has a pet dog named Murphy.
After graduating from high school, Matson attended Occidental College in Los Angeles as a theatre major. The move from the East Coast to the West Coast would later inspire her second novel (her first under the Matson name), "Amy and Roger's Epic Detour". Halfway through Matson's degree in theatre, she started working in the children's department of Vroman's Bookstore and decided to add English as a double major.
Following college graduation, Matson moved back to New York to attend The New School where she received her M.F.A. in Writing for Children. It was at The New School that Matson met fellow authors Jenny Han and Siobhan Vivian. After obtaining her M.F.A., Matson moved back to California where she attended the University of Southern California and acquired a degree in Screenwriting.

## Career
### Pseudonyms

Matson's first novel, "Top 8", was published in 2008 under the name Katie Finn, inspired by her middle name. However, Matson's second novel, "Amy and Roger's Epic Detour", was published in 2010 under the name Morgan Matson. Matson has described the difference in author names coming down to the different styles of the novels. In her novels written under the pseudonym Katie Finn, the story is much more plot driven whereas the novels written under the name Morgan Matson deal a lot more with a character discovering something about themselves.

### Writing

Matson is most notable for her novels written under the name Morgan Matson. The first of those, "Amy and Roger's Epic Detour", published in 2010, was named an ALA Top Ten Best Books for Young Readers, shortlisted for the Waterstone's Book Prize, and was designated as a Publishers Weekly "Flying Start" Book. Matson garnered similar critical acclaim with her second novel under the Matson name, “Second Chance Summer”, inspired by Matson's summers in the Pocono Mountains, which won the California Book Award and was also a Junior Library Guild Selection, and a 2012 School Library Journal Best Book of the Year. Matson's third book under the Matson name, "Since You've Been Gone", was published in 2014 and was a Publishers Weekly bestseller. Matson's fourth book under the Matson name, "The Unexpected Everything", was published in 2016 and debuted at number six on the 'Young Adult Hardcover' New York Times Bestseller List and was 'Number One New Release' in Amazon's Teen and Young Adult Fiction. Her fifth book entitled "Save the Date" was published in 2018. It debuted at number five on the New York Times Bestseller List. Her most recent novel, "Take Me Home Tonight", was published in 2021.

## Personal life

Morgan Matson currently resides in Los Angeles, California with her dog, Murphy. In the 2016 Presidential Election, she supported Hillary Clinton.
# Hali-Ela Divisional Secretariat

Hali-Ela Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Badulla District, of Uva Province, Sri Lanka.
# Tsubasa no gaika

Tsubasa no gaika (翼の凱歌, English titles Winged Victory or A Triumph of Wings) is a 1942 Japanese film directed by Satsuo Yamamoto. It was co-written by Akira Kurosawa.

## Cast

* Joji Oka
* Takako Irie
* Ranko Hanai
* Heihachiro Okawa
* Seizaburō Kawazu
* Takuzō Kumagai
* Akio Kusama
# Gasteroclupea

Gasteroclupea is a genus of prehistoric ellimmichthyiform fish that is distantly related to modern anchovies and herrings. It contains one species, G. branisai. It inhabited freshwater or estuarine habitats across South America during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous period, and it briefly survived beyond the K-Pg boundary into the Danian stage of the Paleocene, making it among the few genera from its order to survive into the Cenozoic. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Yacoraite Formation of Argentina, the Chaunaca Formation, Santa Lucía Formation, and El Molino Formation of Bolivia, and the Navay Formation in Venezuela.
Its taxonomic identity was long uncertain, often being placed as a clupeid or an indeterminate clupeomorph, but more recent studies have placed it with the Ellimmichthyiformes. Its closest relative has been found to be Sorbinichthys, another unusual ellimmichthyiform from marine deposits in Lebanon, though some studies have been inconclusive about this.
It is notable for its extremely deep abdominal profile (hence the genus name Gasteroclupea, translating to "stomach herring"), which shows heavy convergent evolution with the distantly related herring Pristigaster and especially with the unrelated freshwater hatchetfish (Gasterpelecidae), both of which are also known from South America. As with modern freshwater hatchetfish, its upturned mouth may have been an adaptation to a lifestyle of feeding on fallen insects on the water's surface.
# Mary Jo Salter

Mary Jo Salter (born August 15, 1954) is an American poet, a co-editor of The Norton Anthology of Poetry and a professor in the Writing Seminars program at Johns Hopkins University.

## Life

Salter was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan and was raised in Detroit and Baltimore, Maryland. She received her B.A. from Harvard University in 1976 and her M.A. from Cambridge University in 1978. In 1976, she participated in the Glascock Prize contest.
While at Harvard, she studied with the noted poet Elizabeth Bishop. She has been an editor at the Atlantic Monthly and at The New Republic.
From 1984 to 2007, she taught at Mount Holyoke College and was, from 1995 to 2007, a vice-president of the Poetry Society of America.
She has two daughters, Emily and Hilary Leithauser.
She is on the editorial board of the literary magazine The Common, based at Amherst College.

## Works
### Books of poetry

* Henry Purcell in Japan, Knopf, 1985, ISBN 978-0-394-53657-6
* Unfinished Painting, Knopf, 1989, ISBN 978-0-394-57417-2, Lamont Selection for that year's most distinguished second volume of poetry
* Sunday Skaters, A.A. Knopf, 1994, ISBN 978-0-679-43109-1, nominated in 1994 for the National Book Critics Circle Award (Knopf)
* A Kiss in Space, Knopf, 1999, ISBN 978-0-375-40531-0
* Open Shutters, Alfred A. Knopf, 2003, ISBN 978-1-4000-4008-7, named a "notable book of the year" by The New York Times
* A Phone Call to the Future: New and Selected Poems
* Nothing by Design, Knopf, 2013, ISBN 978-0-385-34979-6
* The Surveyors, Knopf, 2017, ISBN 978-1-524-73266-0

### Edited

* The Norton Anthology of Poetry, W. W. Norton, 1996, ISBN 978-0-393-96820-0 (co-editor)

### Selected translations

* The Word Exchange: Anglo-Saxon Poems in Translation (W. W. Norton & Company, 2010)

### Play

* Falling Bodies (2004)

### Children's literature

* The Moon Comes Home (1989)

### Articles

* The Achiever: Helen Keller by Mary Jo Salter

## Awards

* 1981: The Frost Place poet in residence
* 1995–1996: Amy Lowell Poetry Travelling Scholarship
* 1989: Lamont Poetry Prize for the year’s most distinguished second volume of poetry - Unfinished Painting
* 2003: Open Shutters named a "notable book of the year" by The New York Times
* 2004: Meribeth E. Cameron Faculty Award for Scholarship
# Gaurotes piligera

Gaurotes piligera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pu in 1992.
# Gaurotes pictiventris

Gaurotes pictiventris is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pesarini and Sabbadini in 1997.
# Argo (automobile)

The Argo was a short-lived American automobile manufactured by the Argo Motor Co in Jackson, Michigan, between 1914 and 1918. Previously, the factory had been used by the Standard Electric Car Co to build an electric car.
The company originally made the four-cylinder "Motorvique" cyclecar based on the Ajax built by the Briscoe brothers in France. It had a 4-cylinder 12 hp engine and was different from the French market Ajax only in that it did not use friction drive.
Few cyclecars sold well in America, and in 1916, it was replaced by a conventional 22 hp assembled touring car in an attempt to rival Ford at producing a "motor car for the millions". The 1916 model sold for $405 in two-seater form.
In 1917 the company was sold to Mansell Hackett, and the name was changed to Hackett and moved its operations to Grand Rapids, Michigan.
The company had an unknown connection with the Saginaw, Michigan, based Argo Electric vehicle company.
# Vijay Kumar Yadav

Vijay Kumar Yadav may refer to:
* Vijay Kumar Yadav (judoka), Indian judoka
* Vijay Kumar Yadav (politician), Indian politician born 1929
* Vijay Kumar Yadav (Bihar Legislative Assembly), Indian politician
# Vincy-Manœuvre

Vincy-Manœuvre (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Vincy-Manœuvre are called Viniciens.
# Industrialization of services business model

The industrialization of services business model is a business model used in strategic management and services marketing that treats service provision as an industrial process, subject to industrial optimization procedures. It originated in the early 1970s, at a time when various quality control techniques were being successfully implemented on production assembly lines.
Theodore Levitt (1972) argued that the reason the service sector suffered from inefficiency and wide variations in quality were that it was based on the craft model. Each service encounter was treated as an isolated event. He felt that service encounters could be systematized through planning, optimal processes, consistency, and capital intensive investments. This model was the foundation of the success of McDonald's and many other mass service providers in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.
Unfortunately, the application of assembly line techniques to service provision had several undesirable consequences. Employees found working under these conditions disempowering, resulting in low morale, high staff turnover, and reduced service quality. One of the most difficult aspects of this model for employees to deal with was the "smile incentives". Employees were instructed to put a smile on their face during the service encounter. This manufacturing and commercialization of apparent happiness has been criticised by many commentators, particularly Mundie (1987). Also many customers prefer the "personal touch".
By the early 1990s most service providers turned their attention back to the human element and personalized their services. Employees were empowered to customize the service encounter to the individual characteristics of customers.
Subsequently, scholars developed the service-profit-chain concept to understand how employees and customers interact to create value.
# The Unpoppables

Unpoppables is a television show on TLC, featuring three balloon artists that aired for six episodes in early 2011. The show portrays their work for the company New Balloon Art, based in Los Angeles, California. Season one premiered on February 7, 2011.

## Format

The production company for Unpoppables is Authentic Entertainment, producers of Ace of Cakes. Like Ace of Cakes, the show follows a group of highly skilled artisans in their respective fields as they are challenged to complete seemingly impossible tasks at the last moment. In the show, the cast is given three days to design and build their elaborate balloon creations. This is common in the balloon world as balloon sculptures can not be made more than 72 hours in advance of an event or they risk deflation, color fading and popping.

## Cast

The cast consist of three characters. Addi Somekh taught himself balloon art all on his own. His success has led him to appear on The Martha Stewart Show, The Today Show, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Access Hollywood, and several other shows. He owns and manages his own company - New Balloon Art Prior to "The Unpoppable," Addy had achieved notability in the balloon twisting world as he traveled to 34 countries with photographer Charlie Eckert making free hats for photo ops.
Katie Balloons is portrayed as the show's fashion expert; she did not regularly make dresses for other people until the show began.
Brian Asman is a former chef now working full-time for New Balloon Art. He is known for his realistic art and professionalism. Brian is from Brooklyn, New York.

## New Balloon Art

New Balloon Art is the name of balloon decorating company, owned by Addi, that the show focuses on. Founded in 2002 as a one-man company, today the company has grown to include clients worldwide. For large projects, Addi brings in extra assistance as needed beyond the team of Katie and Brian. Information about New Balloon Art can be found at their website.
# Give Me Your Love (Barbara Mason album)

Give Me Your Love is a 1973 album by Barbara Mason. Buddha Records' decision to record an album was due to the success of Mason's version of the Curtis Mayfield title song. The album included mature subject matter such as "Bed and Board", and "You Can Be With the One You Don't Love", expressing the desire for a lover outside of marriage. She was the first soul singer to record in the heavy breathing disco style later adopted by Donna Summer among others.
# Øivind Wilhelmsen

Øivind Wilhelmsen (born 1985) is a Norwegian professor of physical chemistry at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim (NTNU), Norway. There he is head of the Thermodynamics group and serves as principal investigator at PoreLab, a Center of excellence. His area of research is thermodynamics, with emphasis on non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
His most important research contributions are within transport processes across planar and curved interfaces, the understanding of nucleation phenomena, thermodynamics of hydrogen and CO$_2$ mixtures, and the thermodynamics of nano systems. He has received an ERC Starting Grant from the European Research Council.

## Education and professional carrier

Wilhelmsen completed his PhD in physical chemistry at NTNU in 2015 with the thesis Equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics of planar and curved interfaces. Since 2010, he has worked as a researcher, later senior research scientist, at the Norwegian research organization SINTEF. In the period 2016–2021, he worked as a part-time professor at the Department of Energy and process engineering at NTNU, and in 2021 he was appointed full-time professor of physical chemistry at NTNU.
He has been a visiting scientist at ETH Zurich, University of Barcelona, Imperial College London and the University of Stuttgart.

## Publications

* Øivind Wilhelmsen publications indexed by Google Scholar
* List of publications by Øivind Wilhelmsen in BIBSYS (Norway)
* List of publications by Øivind Wilhelmsen in CRIStin (The Norwegian Scientific Index)

## Awards and honours

Wilhelmsen has received both national and international awards for his research, most notably the Ilya Prigogine Prize, the EFCE Excellence Award in Thermodynamics and the Research Council if Norway's Award for outstanding young scientists.
In 2023, he was awarded an ERC Starting Grant from the European Research Council with funding of €1.5 million.
# Újezd (Beroun District)

Újezd is a municipality and village in Beroun District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Újezd is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) southwest of Beroun and 50 km (31 mi) southwest of Prague.

## History

The first written mention of Újezd is from 1399.
# Ćehajići, Donji Vakuf

Ćehajići is a village in the municipality of Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 311.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 297 | 95.5% |
| other/undeclared | 14 | 4.5% |
| Total | 311 | 100% |
# Ćavar

Ćavar is a Croatian surname. The surname has etymological origin in the Venetian word ciavarro, meaning a one-year-old ram. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ivona Ćavar (born 1995), Bosnian-Herzegovinian karate competitor
* Josip Cavar (born 1993), Swedish handball player
* Marijan Ćavar (born 1998), Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer
* Marin Cavar (born 1999), Swiss footballer
* Patrik Ćavar (born 1971), Croatian handball player
# Grossane

The Grossane is a cultivar of olives grown primarily in the Vallée des Baux and Bouches-du-Rhône regions of southern France. Though it can be used to produce oil, it is primarily used as a black table olive. Vulnerable to certain biological pests, it is highly resistant to cold and drought.

## Extent

The Grossane is particularly common in the Vallée des Baux and Bouches-du-Rhône regions of southern France. It can also be found as far away as China.

## Synonyms

This cultivar is not known under any synonyms, though the spelling differs somewhat locally (Groussan, Grossanne).

## Characteristics

It is a cultivar of middle strength, with a spreading growth form and leaves of lanceolate shape and medium length and width. The olives are of high weight, ovoid shape and slightly asymmetrical. The stone has a rounded apex and a pointed base, with a rough surface and a mucro.
The Grossane an intermediate cultivar in terms of flowering and ripening. When fully mature, the colour of the fruit is black.

## Processing

Though a dual use cultivar, the Grossane is primarily used as a table olive. The black olives have a sweet taste, and the fruit is freestone—the stone does not cling to the flesh. It can also be used for the extraction of oil, but it gives a poor yield, and the oil has a short shelf-life. The oil is said to have a "delicate flavor with a citrus aroma and slight fruitiness", while others compare it to tomatoes.

## Agronomy

Its productivity is only intermediate, but this can be improved by the use of irrigation and fertilization. The Grossane has poor rooting ability, and is often grafted. It is self-sterile, and needs other pollinators. Cultivars used for pollination are the Boutellian and Aglandau.
It has low resistance to certain biological pests, such as the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae and sooty moulds. On the other hand, it has high tolerance to cold and drought.
# Grossbach

Grossbach or Großbach may refer to:
* Großbach (Ruwer), a river of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, tributary of the Ruwer
* Großbach (Nahe), a river of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, tributary of the Nahe
# Grossbeckia

Grossbeckia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was erected by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1912.

## Species

* Grossbeckia gymnopomparia Dyar, 1913
* Grossbeckia semimaculata Barnes & McDunnough, 1912
* Grossbeckia ochriplaga Warren, 1905
# İclaliye

İclaliye can refer to:
* İclaliye, İnegöl
* İclaliye, Susurluk
# İcilli, Bulancak

İcilli is a village of the Bulancak District of Giresun Province in Turkey. Its population is 480 (2022).

## History

The old name of the village is mentioned as İncirli in the records of 1902.

## Geography

The village is 30 km from Giresun city center and 15 km from Bulancak district center. The village is in the south of Bulancak and is connected to the district center via Ahmetli and Süme villages.
# Torlak Kemal

Torlak Kemal, born as Samuel of Manisa (died 1419 in Manisa), was one of the followers of Sheikh Bedreddin. Together with Börklüce Mustafa, he led the Sheikh Bedreddin revolt.

## Identity

Torlak Kemal, a murid of Sheikh Bedreddin (1359–1420), was known with his birth name Samuel of Manisa. He later converted to Islam and changed his name to Kemal and became a Torlak, a Kalenderis.

## Death

Probably around the same time as Börklüce Mustafa, he started a rebellion in Manisa, Ottoman Empire. The uprising was a small one. It was crushed with violence by the Ottomans, and all the rebels were killed. It is unknown whether the rebellion was committed with the approval of Sheikh Bedreddin, but all sources agree on the fact that Börklüce Mustafa and Torlak Kemal were followers of Sheikh Bedreddin, a Muslim Sufi theologian, who led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in 1416. In 1419, the rebellion was defeated, and Torlak Kemal was captured and executed by hanging in Manisa.
# Şeyhler, Kurucaşile

Şeyhler is a village in the Kurucaşile District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 45 (2021).
# Şeyhköy

Şeyhköy can refer to:
* Şeyhköy, İskilip
* Şeyhköy, Kastamonu
# Şeyhler, Göynücek

Şeyhler (also: Şıhlar) is a village in the Göynücek District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 79 (2021).
# Šemovec Breški

Šemovec Breški is a settlement in the Ivanić-Grad town of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 85 people.
# Tormented

Tormented refers to someone that has been subjected to a torment, such as the tormento della corda.
It may also refer to:

## Films

* Tormented (1960 film), a thriller film directed by Bert I. Gordon
* Tormented (2009 British film), a British horror comedy film
* Tormented (2009 Salvadorean film), an animated short film
* Tormented (2011 film), a Japanese horror film

## Albums

* Tormented (Abscess album)
* Tormented (Staind album)
# Tormenta Stadium

Optim Sports Medicine Field at Tormenta Stadium is a 5,300-seat soccer-specific stadium in Statesboro, Georgia. The stadium is the home field for South Georgia Tormenta FC, a professional soccer club that plays in USL League One, the third tier of soccer in the United States.

## History

The stadium opened on October 2, 2022 with a 1–1 tie versus the Richmond Kickers. Tormenta's Fuad Adeniyi scored the opening goal in the 41st minute.
# Čubren

Čubren is a village in the municipality of Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 111.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 63 | 56.8% |
| Bosniaks | 35 | 31.5% |
| Serbs | 2 | 1.8% |
| other/undeclared | 11 | 9.9% |
| Total | 111 | 100% |
# Čarobnjaci

Čarobnjaci (English: Wizards) is the fourth studio album by the Yugoslav and Bosnian heavy metal band Divlje Jagode. The album was recorded in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany and was released November 1983.

## Personnel

* Sead Lipovača - Co-producer, Music By, Arranged By
* Alen Islamović - lead vocals, bass
* Nasko Budimlić - drums

### Production

* Theo Werdin - producer
* Ulli Werdin - assistant producer
# Tougaloo

Tougaloo may refer to: