OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vladimír Boudník

Vladimír Boudník (17 March 1924 – 5 December 1968) was a Czech graphic artist and photographer. He was a key figure in Czech post-war art and a representative of the "explosionism" movement. He is best known for his active and structural graphic art, but also created mostly photographic and monotype works that, until recently, remained unknown.

## Biography

Boudník was born on 17 March 1924 in Prague. During World War II, he was sent to forced labor in Germany, an experience that resulted in a lifelong trauma. After the war, he attended art school, where he studied printmaking. He spent a brief period working in advertising before getting a job at an ironworks in Kladno, where he met Bohumil Hrabal. In 1952 Boudník, began working for ČKD Works in Prague. The factory environment served as an inspiration for his "active graphics" made of industrial material and waste. Boudník died on 5 December 1968 in Prague. He committed suicide while experimenting with asphyxiation.

## Work

Boudník worked mostly in graphics, and developed a number of innovative printmaking techniques. He was also one of the first Czech artist to begin working with the general public, organizing "happenings" and interacting with psychiatric patients.
His work had a large influence on many contemporary Czech artists, especially author Bohumil Hrabal, with whom he shared many years of friendship. Boudník appears in several texts by Hrabal, most notably the novella The Gentle Barbarian.
Since 1995, the city of Prague has annually awarded the Vladimír Boudník Award (Cena Vladimíra Boudníka) to a living Czech printmaking artist. Notable recipients include Jan Kubíček.
At least five volumes of collected works and correspondence of Vladimír Boudník have been published since the 1990s.

## Literature

* Něžný Barbar (The Gentle Barbarian), Bohumil Hrabal, Prague: Petlice 1973 (underground publishing house); Exile edition: Index, Köln, 1981. The novel features Boudník.
* Zdeněk Primus (ed.), Vít Havránek, Vladislav Merhaut, Martin Pilař, Jan Rous, Jiří Valoch: Vladimír Boudník mezi avantgardou a undergroudem [ Vladimír Boudník between the avant-garde and underground ], 2004, ISBN 80-86010-77-5. Monograph tracing Boudník's life and works.
# Gauge factor

Gauge factor (GF) or strain factor of a strain gauge is the ratio of relative change in electrical resistance R, to the mechanical strain ε. The gauge factor is defined as:
       $GF={\frac {\Delta R/R}{\Delta L/L}}={\frac {\Delta R/R}{\varepsilon }}=1+2\nu +{\frac {\Delta \rho /\rho }{\varepsilon }}$
where
* ε = strain = $\Delta L/L_{0}$
** $\Delta L$ = absolute change in length
** $L_{0}$ = original length
* ν = Poisson's ratio
* ρ = resistivity
* ΔR = change in strain gauge resistance due axial strain and lateral strain
* R = unstrained resistance of strain gauge

## Piezoresistive effect

It is a common misconception that the change in resistance of a strain gauge is based solely, or most heavily, on the geometric terms. This is true for some materials ($\Delta \rho =0$), and the gauge factor is simply:
       $GF=1+2\nu$
However, most commercial strain gauges utilise resistors made from materials that demonstrate a strong piezoresistive effect. The resistivity of these materials changes with strain, accounting for the ${\frac {\Delta \rho /\rho }{\varepsilon }}$ term of the defining equation above. In constantan strain gauges (the most commercially popular), the effect accounts for 20% of the gauge factor, but in silicon gauges, the contribution of the piezoresistive term is much larger than the geometric terms. This can be seen in the general examples of strain gauges below:
| Material | Gauge Factor |
| Metal foil strain gauge | 2-5 |
| Thin-film metal (e.g. constantan) | 2 |
| Single crystal silicon | -125 to + 200 |
| Polysilicon | ±30 |
| Thick-film resistors | 100 |
| p-type Ge | 102 |

## Effect of temperature

The definition of the gauge factor does not rely on temperature, however the gauge factor only relates resistance to strain if there are no temperature effects. In practice, where changes in temperature or temperature gradients exist, the equation to derive resistance will have a temperature term. The total effect is:
       ${\frac {\Delta R}{R}}=GF\varepsilon +\alpha \theta$
where
* α = temperature coefficient
* θ = temperature change
# Wind-up Knight

Wind-up Knight is an Android game developed by American studio Robot Invader and released on December 10, 2011. It was released on iOS later.

## Critical reception

The game has a Metacritic score of 86% based on 12 critic reviews.
The A.V. Club wrote "Wind-Up Knight is a beautiful, propulsive game whose difficulty only makes it that much more fulfilling." SlideToPlay said "Wind-Up Knight is a tough but rewarding running game with excellent production values." AppSpy wrote "While Android gamers have already had their fun with Wind-up Knight, iOS gamers finally get their chance to play around with the clockwork protagonist while proving their skill at overcoming numerous platforming hazards one-after-the-other." TouchArcade said "Though it can be extremely frustrating, it rewards the player who pushes through the painful parts. Each time you replay a level you'll learn more, memorize more, become better at the game. The rush you'll get when you finally reach the end of a challenging level is worth the trouble, every time." Multiplayer.it said "Wind-up Knight is an awesome action game, with an outstanding gameplay which is progressively enriched with new elements. A must buy." 148Apps said "Wind-Up Knight is a game I have no problem referring to as a "Must Play." It's perfect for short bursts or prolonged sessions. There's a surprising amount of customization. It can be accessible and brutally punishing, depending on what the player wants. This, my friends, is a perfect example of mobile gaming at its finest."
GameCritics wrote "This game is a perfect blend of well-rounded, bite-sized action that can be picked up and put down comfortably, yet was challenging enough to make me late for work while I had to try just one more level." Everyeye.it wrote "Wind-up Knight is the hardcore answer to those who thought that iOS was mainly a place for children. Your running knight will keep challenging you till the end of the 50+ levels that you have to finish and believe us, you will want to end all of them." Eurogamer Portugal said "Wind-up Knight is a game easily recommended for being something unique in the world of iOS and a great challenge." AppSmile wrote "Replay value is pretty good, as your results on each level take into account the number of coins you collected, whether or not you found the card, and a letter grade for your overall performance. " Pocket Gamer described the game as "A bafflingly overpraised auto-runner that looks good but soon becomes tiresome." Metrogamecenter said the game was "Punishingly hard for no good reason, turning what could have been a fun reaction-based platform game into a painful memory test."
# Medieval Bulgarian navy

During most of the Middle Ages the Bulgarians did not maintain naval forces. The first records of Bulgarians ships come from the reign of Khan Omurtag: during his war against the Franks (827-829) he came with ships from the Danube and landed troops in the rear of the Franks.
The first organised Bulgarian navy was built under Emperor Ivan Asen II (1218–1241). It was rather small and included galleys to guard the coast. The Navy's importance increased during the reign of Dobrotitsa and Ivanko in the Principality of Karvuna in the late 14th century. The Bulgarian fleet took part in successful actions against the Genoese and the Turks with its range reaching Crimea and Trebizond.
The main Bulgarian shipyard was situated in the mouth of the Kamchia river due to the abundance of wood and was burned down when the Turks overran the country.

## Military actions

Too little is known for the battles and quests of the Navy and the Coast Guard. In 812 Khan Krum used ships to seize several Byzantine fortresses in the Southern Black Sea Coast, most notably Nesebar. Images of these ships have been found depicted on the walls of Pliska and Preslav. In 1235 Ivan Asen II sent 25 large galleys to help the Nicean emperor in the siege of Constantinople. In the beginning of 1257 the Latin Empire hired a fleet of 10 Venetian galleys and on 14 June they captured Nessebar after a short siege but could not achieve anything more. In the late 14th century Dobrotitsa used the Navy to put his cousin on the Trebizond throne and later lead a war against Genoa which lasted to 1387 when his son Ivanco settled a favourable peace. In 1366 Amadeus VI of Savoy lost several ships during the siege of Varna.

## Ship design

During the First Empire the ships designed for both sea and river sailing. They had small draught and good maritime qualities. The ships had very high bows and sterns, 10-15 paddles on each board and one mast. The battle ships had a battering ram in their front.
During the Second Empire the shipbuilding traditions were continued and sophisticated. Many of the new ships had no paddles and this new type was a specific Bulgarian design: it combined features from Mediterranean (triangular sails) and North Sea ships (helm was used instead of stern paddles for better navigation). The ships were 25–30 meters long and 6–7 meters wide and had one or two masts.
# Hemidactylus xericolus

Hemidactylus xericolus the Nalgonda yellow-tailed brookiish gecko, is a species of house gecko from India.
# Hugo Reinhold

Hugo Reinhold (3 March 1854 – 4 September 1935) was an Austrian composer and pianist.
He was born and died in Vienna. He was admitted to the Conservatorium der Musikfreunde, where he studied under Anton Bruckner, Felix Dessoff and Julius Epstein, among others. He left the conservatory at the age of 20, and later taught piano at the Akademie der Tonkunst in Vienna.
During his lifetime he was quite popular and his works were performed by the Vienna Philharmonic and the Hellmesberger Quartet.
Some of his works include:
* Suite for piano and strings
* Prelude, Minuet and Fugue for strings
* String Quartet in A, Op. 18
* Impromptu in C♯ minor, Op. 28, No. 3, for piano
# Jean Rémusat

Jean Rémusat (1815–1880) was a French flautist, composer of music for the flute, and conductor. In later life he lived in Shanghai.

## Life

Rémusat was born in Bordeaux in 1815. From 1830 he studied at the Paris Conservatoire with flautist Jean-Louis Tulou, in 1832 winning first prize. He moved to London, where he was first flute at the Queen's Theatre. The theatre closed in 1853, and he returned to Paris, playing solo flute at the Théâtre Lyrique.
About 1865, Rémusat moved to Shanghai. He founded the Shanghai Philharmonic Society; in 1879 he was appointed the first conductor of the Shanghai Public Band, which later became the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra.
Rémusat died in Shanghai in 1880.

## Compositions

He composed music for the flute, duets for flutes, and for flute and violin, and operatic transcriptions.
# Fortuna La Super F

Israel Domingo Rodriguez De La Cruz (born April 5, 1992), known professionally as Fortuna La Súper F, is a Dominican singer-songwriter and record producer from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. At a young age, Fortuna took an interest in music and at the age of 11, wrote his first song, which led him to discover his talent in music and writing. At the age of 15, he created his own recording studio in his home where he was able to begin his journey of further exploring his musical talent.
In August 2011, Fortuna participated in Red Bull Talento de Calle singing competition, where he landed in the top 10. Now, in 2012, this young talented individual received the support of Emiliano Vasquez (CEO of EVT Music), whom he signed with and joined the EVT Music/ Sony Music collection of artists. EVT Music has a record deal agreement with Sony Music Latin.

## 2012–present

Fortuna's first single "Dime Que Te Paso" featuring Latin Grammy award winner Nacho from the Venezuelan duo Chino y Nacho was released in July 2012. "Dime Que Te Paso" is an adaptation of the song from Puerto Rican superstars Wisin y Yandel. After success and exposure in Dominican Republic, United States, and Venezuela, Fortuna's fan base started to significantly increase following the release of this single.
Fortuna has been honored to begin his career with two unique singles featuring very popular and talented Latin artists. Following the release of his first single with Nacho, he then continued to his second single with Fuego (singer) titled "Si Tu Quieres."
# Sunset in El Dorado

Sunset in El Dorado is a 1945 American Western film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Roy Rogers.

## Cast

* Roy Rogers as himself
* Trigger as Roy's horse
* Dale Evans as Lucille Wiley/Kansas Kate
* George 'Gabby' Hayes as Gabby
* Margaret Dumont as Aunt Dolly/Aunt Arabella
* Hardie Albright as Cecil Phelps/Cyril Earle
* Roy Barcroft as Buster Welch
* Tom London as Sheriff Gridley
* Stanley Price as Henchman Lyle Fish
* Robert J. Wilke as Henchman Curly Roberts
* Ed Cassidy as U. S. Marshall
* Dorothy Granger as Maise - Switchboard Operator
* Bob Nolan as Band leader of Sons of the Pioneers
# Momisis melanura

Momisis melanura is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gahan in 1901. It is known from Australia.
# Bishop Jerome Nagar

Bishop Jerome Nagar (BJN) is one of the largest shopping complexes in the city of Kollam in the Indian state of Kerala. It is owned by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon, the first Catholic Diocese in India. Bishop Jerome Nagar is one of the main centres for shopping and related activities in Kollam city. A three screen multiplex, run by G-Max Cinemas, is also there at Bishop Jerome Nagar.

## Features

* Seven floors (six plus parking)
* Escalator
* Valet Parking
# WWFN

WWFN may refer to:
* WWFN-FM, a radio station (100.5 FM) licensed to serve Marion, South Carolina, United States
* WQPD (FM), a radio station (100.1 FM) licensed to serve Lake City, South Carolina, which held the call signs WWFN or WWFN-FM from 1990 to 2023
# Historical recording

Historical recording may refer to:
* Grammy Award for Best Historical Album, historical reissue of pop albums
* Historical classical music recordings
# Ghamrah, Saudi Arabia

Ghamrah is a village in Jizan Province, in south-western Saudi Arabia. During the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's era the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan took place here.
# Bannerman Plantation

Bannerman Plantation was a forced-labor farm of about 1,500 acres (610 ha) and located in northwest Leon County, Florida, just north of the old unincorporated community of Meridian and west-northwest of Lake Iamonia. Bannerman Plantation was established in 1852 or earlier by Charles Bannerman of North Carolina, who by 1860 had enslaved 67 people to work his land.
The plantation house is located at 13426 N. Meridian Rd. and is a 2-story home with porches on both floors that partially wrap to each side of the house. The porches are supported with eight stately columns. Fireplaces are located at both left and right sides of the home. A kitchen extends off the left side of the home. The boundaries of Bannerman Plantation itself are unknown.
The Leon County Florida 1860 Agricultural Census shows that Bannerman Plantation had the following:
* Improved Land: 700 acres (280 ha)
* Unimproved Land: 800 acres (320 ha)
* Cash value of plantation: $14,475
* Cash value of farm implements/machinery: $700
* Cash value of farm animals: $5000
* Number of slaves: 67
* Bushels of corn: 4,000
* Bales of cotton: 120
# Improvisations (Roscoe Mitchell album)

Improvisation is a live album by American jazz saxophonist Roscoe Mitchell recorded in London at the Cafe Oto, with bassist John Edwards and drummer Tony Marsh which was recorded and released the venue's Otoroku label as a limited edition double LP and download.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
In his review for All About Jazz, John Sharpe states, "once again Mitchell excels in generating subtle variations of timbre, tone and line ... Each of the four sidelong cuts follows a similar trajectory, from quiet atmospheric openings notable for their restraint to full blown expostulation by the saxophonist over an inventive bass and percussion latticework, leading to a gentle wind down. But in doing so the trio illustrate the broad range of expressive potential inherent in the format ... At 66-minutes the package forms an uncompromising but ultimately rewarding recital which stands proud in the American's recent discography"

## Track listing

All compositions by Roscoe Mitchell, John Edwards and Tony Marsh
* "A" – 16:24
* "B" – 16:11
* "C" – 17:29
* "D" – 16:30

## Personnel

* Roscoe Mitchell - soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, flute
* John Edwards – bass
* Tony Marsh – percussion
# Mario Giubilei

Mario Giubilei (30 December 1941 – 14 December 2016) was a French worker-priest who devoted himself to work among the local youth and the disadvantage population of the Fensch Valley in Moselle, France. He was also known as one of the founders of the Fameck Arabic Film Festival (Festival du Film Arabe de Fameck).
After he died on 14 December 2016, the Deputy Mayor of Fameck Michel Liebgott as well as many other personalities of the region and the local residents paid tribute to his life work. The influences of his contributions to the community and society had reached several communes of France, including Fameck, Uckange and Florange.

## Biography
### Early life

As a son of a Catholic mother and a Communist father who worked as a shoemaker, Mario Giubilei was born on 30 December 1941 in Nocera Umbra, Perugia, Italy, and grew up in Aumetz, Lorraine, France.
In 1962, he performed his military service and was sent to Algeria for 6 months during the Algerian War.

### Priesthood

On 29 June 1967, Mario Giubilei was ordained a Catholic priest in the Metz Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint Étienne de Metz) by the Bishop of Metz, Monseigneur Paul-Joseph Schmitt. In 1972, after serving in Fameck and Uckange for nearly 5 years, he decided to become a worker-priest and started to work in a factory in Florange. The employers dismissed him as soon as they discovered that he was a priest. Later, he chose a different path of unionism for the right to housing and living environment care.
In 1982, he was employed as the concierge by the Social Centre of Fameck (Cité Sociale de Fameck) to which he had already belonged when it was founded in 1975.
On 18 February 1987, he created the organization called "Train of the Nations" (Train des Nations, also known as "Train de la Tolérance") that offered various trips to the youngsters, bringing 680 children with 120 chaperones to Paris firstly, and later to Bâle, Venice, Brussels, Barcelona, London, the Netherlands, Monaco and so forth. Through this project, there were around 16,000 children in total who had the opportunity to leave the ghetto and explore the world. 3 years later, he and René Cahen founded the Fameck Arabic Film Festival for which he invited the local artist Jean Scuderi (Scud) to collaborate on the poster design afterwards. The Festival so far has still taken place in October every year.
After retiring in 2004, Mario Giubilei was officially decorated with the recognition medal by the Algerian authorities for his work with the Algerian community and his effort to develop the Arab culture.
He died on 14 December 2016.
# Light Up the World (Glee song)

"Light Up the World" is a song performed by the cast of American television series Glee, taken from their eight soundtrack album, Glee: The Music, Volume 6. The song was written by the series' music producer Adam Anders, Swedish pop music producer Max Martin, and Peer Åström, Savan Kotecha, and Johan Schuster. Anders and Martin produced the track. The song features solos from Naya Rivera (Santana Lopez), Heather Morris (Brittany Pierce), Kevin McHale (Artie Abrams), Lea Michele (Rachel Berry), Cory Monteith (Finn Hudson), and Jenna Ushkowitz (Tina Cohen-Chang).

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 78 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 26 |
| France (FRA) | 188 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 46 |
| UK Singles (Official Charts Company) | 48 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 33 |
# WDFY3

WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDFY3 gene.
This gene encodes a protein which contains WD repeats and an FYVE domain. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined.

## Biochemistry

This protein appears to act as a autophagy scaffolding protein.

## Clinical

Mutations in this gene have been associated with neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, macrocephaly and psychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorders/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
# University of Regina Department of Film

The Department of Film at the University of Regina is a Canadian film school that offers the only BFA in Film Production between Vancouver and Toronto.
The Department also has BA and BA Honours programs in Film Studies, as well as MFA and MA degree programs.
Film is one of four departments in the Faculty of Media, Art, and Performance (formerly the Faculty of Fine Arts), along with the departments of Visual Arts, Theatre, and Music. The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs.

## Focus

The department teaches film and digital media in an interdisciplinary environment, encouraging students' development in critical reasoning and creative expression. Students are provided with a wide range of learning experiences and practices in film production and film studies, preparing students to become film/media artists, craftspeople, historians, programmers, critics, and arts educators.

## History

The film program at the University of Regina began in the early 1970s, with courses taught by Jean (Hans) Oser, a German editor and filmmaker, whose career began in Berlin in the 1920s. Oser appeared in Hans Richter's 1928 film Ghosts Before Breakfast and Oser was editor on GW Pabst's The Threepenny Opera, Westfront 1918 and Kameradeschaft. With the rise of the Nazis, Oser's career continued in France and Hollywood, and included directing the 1953 Oscar-winning short film Light in the Window.
The department's first name was the Department of Film and Video. In 2003 the name was changed to the Department of Media Production & Studies and in 2013 it became the Department of Film.

## Alumni

Graduates from the programs include Gemini Award-winning Producers, Directors and Editors; independent filmmakers whose films have screened around the world; screenwriters, cinematographers, crew members, curators, festival programmers, and educators.

## Film Festival

Students have organised a student film festival since 1988. The film festival was renamed the Living Skies Student Film Festival in 2011, and takes place in late February/early March.
# Sue Green (fencer)

Susan Green (born 26 June 1950) is a retired British international fencer. She competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.
She also represented England and won a gold medal in the team foil event, at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.
# Barasat Mahatma Gandhi Memorial High School

Barasat Mahatma Gandhi Memorial High School is a higher secondary boys' school located at Nabapally in Barasat, Kolkata, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India.

## History

The school was established with 38 students on 26 February 1948, as Barasat Government School, just after the death of Mahatma Gandhi.

## Subjects

The curriculum is as per the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (till class 10) and West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education (classes 11 and 12). The common curriculum is followed till class 10. In class 11 and 12, all three streams, science, commerce. and arts. are offered.