# Timeline of Herat

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Herat, Afghanistan.

## Prior to 15th century

Part of a series on the :
History of Afghanistan :
Timeline :
Ancient Indus Valley civilisation 2200–1800 BC Oxus civilization 2100–1800 BC Gandhara kingdom 1500–535 BC Median Empire 728–550 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Macedonian Empire 330–312 BC Seleucid Empire 312–150 BC Maurya Empire 305–180 BC Greco-Bactrian kingdom 256–125 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Indo-Greek kingdom 180–90 BC Indo-Scythian kingdom 155–80? BC Kushan Empire 135 BC – 248 AD Indo-Parthian kingdom 20 BC – 50? AD Sasanian Empire 230–651 Kidarite kingdom 320–465 Rob Alchon Huns 380–560 Hephthalite Empire 410–557 Nezak Huns 484–711 :
Medieval Kabul Shahi 565–879 Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries Rashidun Caliphate 652–661 Tang China 660–669 Tibetan Empire 660–842 Umayyads 661–750 Zunbils 680–870 Lawik750-977 Abbasids 750–821 Tahirids 821–873 Saffarids 863–900 Samanids 875–999 Ghaznavids 963–1187 Ghurids before 879–1215 Seljuks 1037–1194 Khwarezmids 1215–1231 Mongol Invasion 1219–1226 Chagatai Khanate 1226–1245 Qarlughids 1224–1266 Ilkhanate 1256–1335 Kartids 1245–1381 Timurids 1370–1507 Arghuns 1520–1591 :
Modern Mughals 1501–1738 Safavids 1510–1709 Hotak dynasty 1709–1738 Sadozai Sultanate 1716–1732 Afsharid Iran 1738–1747 Durrani Empire 1747–1823 Principality of Qandahar1818–1855 Emirate 1823–1926 Saqqawist Emirate 1929 Kingdom 1926–1973 Daoud coup 1973 Republic 1973–1978 Saur Revolution 1978 Democratic Republic 1978–1992 Tanai coup attempt 1990 Islamic State 1992–1996 Islamic Emirate 1996–2001 US invasion 2001 Islamic State (reinstated) 2001 Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004 Islamic Republic (politics) 2004–2021 Islamic Emirate (reinstated) since 2021 :
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* 500 BCE - Persian town in Aria established (approximate date).
* 330 BCE - Artacoana captured by Alexander III of Macedon.
* 167 BCE - Town becomes part of the Parthian Empire.
* 127 BCE - Town becomes part of the Kushan Empire
* 642 CE - Siege of Herat; Arabs in power.
* 1042 - City besieged by Seljuq Tughril.
* 1064 - Alp Arslan in power.
* 1102 - Earthquake.
* 1157 - The city was destroyed by an irruption of the Ghuzz, the predecessors of the modern Turkomans.
* 1163 - Bobrinski Bucket produced in Herat.
* 1175 - Ghurids in power.
* 1197 - Conflict between blacksmiths' and coppersmiths' bazaars.
* 1201 - Construction of new Friday Mosque begins.
* 1221 - City sacked by Mongols.
* 1244 - Shams al-Din Kurt in power.
* 1300 - Herat Citadel reinforced.
* 1364 - Earthquake.
* 1380 - City taken by forces of Timur.

## 15th-19th centuries

* 1405 - Capital of Timurid dynasty relocated to Herat from Samarkand.
* 1410 - "Bazaars reconstructed."
* 1425 - Tomb of Khwaja 'Abd Allah Ansari built at Gazurgah (near city).
* 1438 - Gawhar Shad Mausoleum built.
* 1448 - Siege of Herat (1448).
* 1460s - "Royal Canal" built.
* 1469 - Sultan Husayn Mirza Bayqarah in power.
* 1482 - Ikhlasiyya (educational and charitable complex) built outside city (approximate date).
* 1500 - Friday Mosque rebuilt.
* 1507 - Uzbek Muhammad Shaybani in power.
* 1510 - City taken by Safavid Shah Ismail; Shamlu Turkomans in power.
* 1528 - Safavid Shah Tahmasp in power.
* 1716 - Abdali Afghan revolt.
* 1729 - Nader Shah in power.
* 1732 - Afghan revolt suppressed.
* 1750 - City becomes part of the Durrani Empire.
* 1801 - City becomes independent.
* 1807
** July–August: City is besieged by Iran.
* 1818
** April: City incorporated into the Durrani Empire. Later that year the Durranis are kicked out of most of Afghanistan, Herat becomes their last stronghold.
* 1837
** 23 November: Siege of Herat by Persian forces begins.
* 1842
** Early 1842: Yar Muhammad Khan Alakozai deposes Kamran Shah and becomes the new ruler.
* 1851
** June 11: Sa'id Muhammad Khan in power.
* 1852
** March–May: City is briefly occupied by the Persians.
* 1855
** September 15: Muhammad Yusuf in power.
* 1856
** April: Persian siege of Herat begins.
** October 25: Persians take the city of Herat.
* 1857
** September: Persian control of city ends per Treaty of Paris; Sultan Jan installed as ruler of Herat.
* 1862
** 27 July: City is besieged by the Muhammadzais.
* 1863
** 26 May: City taken by forces of Dost Mohammad Khan.
** Mohammad Yaqub Khan in power.
* 1880 - Abd al-Rahman Khan in power.
* 1885 - Under the orders of the Amir, the Mosalla was destroyed.

## 20th century

* 1922 / 1301 SH - Solar Hijri calendar officially adopted in Afghanistan.
* 1925 - Herat National Museum established.
* 1947 - Radio Kabul transmissions begin to reach Herat (approximate date).
* 1960s - Kandahar-Herat highway constructed.
* 1973 - Population: 108,750.
* 1979
** March: Uprising.
** City bombed by Soviet forces.
* 1988 - Population: 177,300 (estimate).
* 1993 - Mines cleared.

## 21st century

* 2010 - Population: 410,700.
* 2016 - Population: 491,967.