OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jafrabad, Jalna

Jafrabad is a town and a tehsil in Jalna subdivision of Jalna district in the state of Maharashtra, India.
Jafrabad resides over the bank of Purna River. Jafrabad is well known for the fight between Marathas and British at Asseye in 1803, where a small monument carving the name of British Officer Colonel Stevenson, who died during the war, was erected.

## History

Jafrabad, the chief town, is situated at the confluence of the Purna and Kailna rivers. It is a large and populous town, surrounded by a fortified stone wall, now in a very dilapidated state; but a small stone gaddi inside is in fair order. The town derived its name from its founder, Jafar Khan, who received it with 115 other villages in jagir from Aurangzeb. It has several good houses of brick and stone, and about 50 bannia shops. The population amounts to 2,150 souls, of whom 859 are Muslims (including a few Patans), 244 Brahmans, and 197 Rajputs. The trade consists of grain, cotton, piece goods, and large quantities of blankets and native cloths for local use. There are 7 masjids and temples in the town, and the principal mosque has a Persian inscription, recording its construction under the orders of Aurangzeb, by Rizazath Khan in 1076 Hijri (A.D. 1664). A large handsome cistern within the fortification, has also an inscription, which states that it was erected under the orders of Shah Jahan by Mustafa Khan Turkoman, in Hijri 1040 (A.D. 1630). The town has bi-weekly markets on Tuesdays and Fridays

## Governance

Jafrabad is a nagar panchayat in the Panchayat Raj system of governance. It possesses government offices as Panchayat Samiti, Tehsil, Krishi Department, Block Education Office (BEO), Integrated Child Development Service Scheme (ICDS) office, Live-Stock Development (LDO) Extension Office, MSEB Department, PWD Department, Taluka Health Office, Bhoomi Abhilekh Department for better governance.
It has two rural hospitals, four primary health centres, and related sub-centres.
Jafrabad has a Weather Reporting Office.

## Educations

There are many schools and colleges in Jafrabad. Siddharth junior and senior college are main among them. Apart from this, there are Samarth College, Dnyansagar College, New High School, Z.P High School are the schools around. 'Gyanjyoti Savitribai Phule Sarvajanik Wachanalaya and Abhyasika' is a public library and study room.
# Strümpell

Strümpell may refer to:
* Adolf Strümpell (1853–1925), German neurologist who was born at Neu-Autz Estate, Courland Governorate
* Ludwig Strümpell (1812–1899), German philosopher and pedagogue
# French ship Valmy

At least three ships of the French Navy have been named Valmy:
* French ship Valmy, a 120-gun ship of the line launched in 1847, renamed Borda in 1863 and again renamed as Intrépide in 1890. She was scrapped in 1891.
* French ironclad Valmy, a Jemmapes-class coastal defense ship, launched in April 1892 and scrapped after 1911.
* French destroyer Valmy, a Guépard-class destroyer launched in 1928 and scuttled in 1942.
# Henry Capell

Henry Capell may refer to:
* Henry Capell (MP for Boston) (died 1622), MP for Boston
* Henry Capell (MP for Hertfordshire) (died 1588), MP for Hertfordshire
* Henry Capell, Baron Capell of Tewkesbury (1638–1696), MP for Tewkesbury, and for Cockermouth
* Henry Capell (died 1558) (1505–1558), MP for Somerset
# Xylosma tuberculata

Xylosma tuberculata is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
# Stephen Jakobi

Stephen Ronald Jakobi OBE (born 1935) is an English writer and human rights lawyer who is a former chief executive of Fair Trials Abroad (now Fair Trials), which he founded in 1992.
Jakobi, who was born in Ealing, London in 1935 to German-Jewish parents, Gerdy and Julius Jakobi, was brought up there and in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. When his parents divorced in 1945, he went to live with his father and was sent to boarding school at Malvern College. He graduated from Clare College, Cambridge in 1956 after doing National Service. He has a law degree from the University of Cambridge and an MA in creative writing from the University of Roehampton. He worked in industry before qualifying as a solicitor and was in private practice as a criminal lawyer before founding Fair Trials Abroad. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 2005.
He and his wife Sally, a retired Jungian analyst, married in 1964 and live in Ham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. They have a son, Nicholas, and a daughter, Francesca, who is a published novelist and a journalist with the Financial Times.

## Works

* Freeing the Innocent: From Bangkok Hilton to Guantanamo (2015), 272pp, Book Guild Publishing Ltd, ISBN 978-1909984950
* In the Mind of a Female Serial Killer (2017), 147pp, Pen and Sword Books, ISBN 978-1526709714
* Misjudged Murderesses: Female Injustice in Victorian Britain (2019), 256pp, Pen and Sword Books, ISBN 978-1526741622
# Valerii Vinokur

Valerii Vinokur (also spelled as Vinokour, or Valery Vinokour; born 26 April 1949) is a condensed matter physicist who works on superconductivity, the physics of vortices, disordered media and glasses, nonequilibrium physics of dissipative systems, quantum phase transitions, quantum thermodynamics, and topological quantum matter. He is a senior scientist and Argonne Distinguished Fellow at Argonne National Laboratory and a senior scientist at the Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, Office of Research and National Laboratories, The University of Chicago. He is a Foreign Member of the National Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and a Fellow of the American Physical Society.

## Career

Vinokur earned his BSc in physics of metals at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys in 1972 and moved to the Institute of Solid State Physics, Chernogolovka, Russia, where he received a Ph.D. in physics in 1979. He has held appointments as a visiting scientist at CNRS, Grenoble (1987), a visiting scientist at Leiden University (1989), a visiting scientist at ETH (Zurich) (1990), and as visiting director of research at Ecole Normale Superieure (Paris) (1996). Since 1990 till January 2021 Vinokur has worked at the Argonne National Laboratory, having become a Distinguished Argonne Fellow in 2009. Since 2018 till January 2021, he has been a senior scientist at the Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, Office of Research and National Laboratories, The University of Chicago. Since January 2021 Vinokur has been working for Terra Quantum AG as a Chief Technology Officer US. Since January 2021 Vinokur also has been an adjunct professor at City College of the City University of New York.

## Honors, awards and fellowships

* Fellow of the American Physical Society, 1998
* University of Chicago Distinguished Performance Award, 1998
* John Bardeen Prize [de], 2003
* Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, 2003
* Foreign Member of the Norwegian National Academy of Letters and Science, 2013
* Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, 2013
* International Abrikosov Prize, 2017
* Fritz London Memorial Prize, 2020
# Bharat Wagon and Engineering

Bharat Wagon and Engineering Limited (BWEL) was a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India as a subsidiary of Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam. The company was established on 4 December 1978 after taking over and merging two sick companies - Arthur Butler & Co and Britannia Engineering Company.
At one time, BWEL was the largest rail wagon manufacturer in India. In fiscal 2006, the company enjoyed aggregated revenues of ₹154.4 million (US$1.9 million).

## Plants

Headquartered in Patna, the company has two manufacturing plants, both located in Bihar, one in Muzaffarpur and the other in Mokama. Both of these plants are located directly next to railway stations and they come equipped with railway sidings and other facilities such as assured power supply. The MUzaffarpur plant sits on prime urban land in the heart of the city. The Mokama plant, on the other hand, is situated in the middle of a forested area.

## Liquidation

In December 2000, the company was referred to Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR). By this time, The company had been running at loss for many years. It was finally declared as a sick unit in year 2002. The Government of India planned to sell Muzaffarpur plant of the Company in 2002 to the private sector, but could not do so after resistance from employees and trade unions. The administrative control of M/s Bharat Wagon & Engg Co Ltd (BWEL), Patna is transferred from the Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises to the Ministry of Railways w.e.f 13 August 2008. In August 2017, on recommendation of NITI Aayog, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs announced the closure of loss-making BWEL.
# Hacı İsaqlı

Hacı İsaqlı is a village in the Jabrayil Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Ben's Mill

Ben's Mill is a 1982 American documentary film directed by Michel Chalufour and John Karol.

## Summary

The film, set in Barnet, Vermont, details the workings of the Thresher Mill on the Stevens River, including how energy from the river is used to drive a multitude of leather belts and various machines. The film focuses on the steps one man, Ben, uses to make one of his white pine watering tanks, and then a horse-drawn sled for different members of the Barnet community. The film was produced as an episode of the PBS series Odyssey.

## Reception

Writing in American Anthropologist, George L. Hicks stated that "Ben's Mill exercises tight control on its nostalgia, while using specific detail to demonstrate its point."

## Accolades

It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
# Franco Dalla Valle

Franco Dalla Valle (2 August 1945 – 2 August 2007) was a Brazilian Catholic clergyman and Bishop of Juína.
Valle was born in Montechiaro d'Asti, Italy. He was ordained on 26 August 1972, and appointed bishop on 23 December 1997. On 7 January 1998, he became an Ordained Bishop.

## Resources

* Profile at catholic-hierarchy.org
* This article about a Roman Catholic bishop from Brazil is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Xylosma parvifolia

Xylosma parvifolia, commonly known as mountain xylosma, is a plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to the mountains of Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.

## Description

Mountain xylosma is a shrub that grows to 2 m in height. Its leaves are rounded, 12 mm long by 8 mm wide, with toothed margins. The fruits are globular, purple and 5 mm in diameter; they are eaten, and the seeds dispersed, by birds.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is largely restricted to low shrub vegetation growing on narrow, exposed, southeasterly or southwesterly ridges off the two mountains – Mounts Lidgbird and Gower – in the southern part of the island. The known range lies within Lord Howe's Permanent Park Preserve.

## Status and conservation

Fewer than 100 mature plants are known and, extrapolating to suitable habitat, fewer than 250 mature plants are likely to exist in the wild. Because of its small population size, limited habitat and susceptibility to environmental and demographic stochasticity, the species is listed as Endangered under New South Wales’ Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
# Steven L. Emanuel

Steven L. Emanuel is an American attorney who is an author of law school outlines and other law school study aids.

## Education and bar admissions

Emanuel is a graduate of Amherst College and Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the bar in the U.S. states of New York, Connecticut, Virginia, Maryland and Massachusetts.

## Outline business

Steven Emanuel started writing legal study aids to help fellow J.D. candidates while still a law student at Harvard in 1974.
Steven Emanuel's father, Lazar Emanuel, was himself a lawyer and law school advice author. Some time after Law School, Steven Emanuel founded Emanuel Publishing Corp. Under this umbrella organization he merged several series of study aids. These include CrunchTime, Law in a Flash, and Strategies & Tactics. His organization also eventually acquired the Siegel's series of law study aids. In 1995, Emanuel Publishing entered into an exclusive joint venture with Lexis-Nexis to make law outlines available online.
The entirety of Emanuel Publishing Corp. was sold to Aspen Publishing in 2001. Steven Emanuel is still responsible for spearheading all edits and revisions to the Emanuel study aids and is a lecturer in the Wolters Kluwer / Aspen publishing bar review course.

## Family

He is married to Marilyn Doreen Mandel Emanuel (since June 1976), and they have five children.
# Bob Timberlake

Bob Timberlake may refer to:
* Bob Timberlake (American football) (born 1943), American football player
* Bob Timberlake (artist) (born 1937), North Carolina painter, artist and designer of clothing and furniture
# Umikaze

Umikaze (海風 ”Sea Breeze”) can refer to:
* Umikaze-class destroyer - a World War I destroyer class in the Imperial Japanese Navy
** Japanese destroyer Umikaze (1910) - The lead ship of the Umikaze-class destroyers
* Japanese destroyer Umikaze (1936) - a World War II destroyer in the Imperial Japanese Navy
* Office Umikaze - a Japanese talent agency
# Beacon Rock State Park

Beacon Rock State Park is a geologic preserve and public recreation area on Route 14 in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area in Skamania County, Washington, United States. The park takes its name from Beacon Rock, an 848-foot (258 m) basalt volcanic plug on the north shore of the Columbia River 32 miles (51 km) east of Vancouver. On October 31, 1805, the Lewis and Clark Expedition arrived here and first measured tides on the river, indicating that they were nearing the ocean.

## Beacon Rock

Beacon Rock is an 848-foot-tall (258 m) monolith composed of basalt on the north bank of the Columbia River. It was named by Lewis and Clark in 1805; they originally referred to it as Beaten Rock, later as Beacon Rock. They noted that the rock marked the eastern extent of the tidal influence in the Columbia. The rock was later known as Castle Rock, until 1915 when its name was changed back to Beacon Rock.
Henry J. Biddle purchased the rock in 1915 for $1 and during the next three years constructed a trail with 51 switchbacks, handrails and bridges. The three-quarter mile trail to the top, completed in April 1918, leads to views in all directions.
The United States Army Corps of Engineers planned to destroy the rock to supply material for the jetty at the mouth of the Columbia (see Columbia River Bar), and dug three caves on the rock's south side. During this time, Biddle's family tried to make it a state park. At first Washington refused the gift, but changed its position when Oregon offered to accept. The park was established in 1935. Workers with the Civilian Conservation Corps made improvements which remain in use.

### Claims

Beacon Rock has been variously claimed to be the second largest free standing monolith in the northern hemisphere, or in the world, just behind the Rock of Gibraltar, Stone Mountain, or Mount Augustus, the latter two being very much larger than either of the first two. The assertion depends on how one defines the term "monolith." For example, Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming is larger than Beacon Rock, but is considered an igneous intrusion rather than necessarily a "single rock."

## Activities and amenities

Beacon Rock is known for quality, challenging, technical rock climbing. The park's 4,464 acres (1,807 ha) include 9,500 feet (2,900 m) of Columbia River shoreline and forested uplands with 20 miles (32 km) of hiking, mountain biking, and equestrian trails. The park has boating and camping facilities. Trails go to the top of Beacon Rock and Little Beacon Rock. Hardy Falls and Rodney Falls (Pool of the Winds) are scenic highlights along the trail to the summit of 2,445-foot (745 m) Hamilton Mountain, which has a view of Bonneville Dam and points east. Hamilton Mountain Saddle, located north of the summit, provides additional views, including Table Mountain, and the opportunity for a 7.75 miles (12.47 km) loop hike.

## Sources

* Mueller, Marge (2004). Washington State Parks: A Complete Recreation Guide (Third ed.). Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. p. 177. ISBN 0-89886-893-9.
# The Chef's Academy

The Chef's Academy is the culinary division of Harrison College based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Harrison College, formerly known as Indiana Business College, is a for-profit career college based in Indianapolis, Indiana, with locations across Indiana, online and in Ohio. The college was founded as Marion Business College in 1902 in Marion, Indiana.

## Mission

The Chef's Academy is a division of Harrison College, with an Indianapolis, Indiana-based campus as well as a regional campus in Raleigh, North Carolina. Both offer bachelor and associate degree programs in culinary and hospitality fields.

## Statistics

* Year Established: 2006
* Locations: Indianapolis, Indiana and Raleigh, North Carolina
* Academic Degrees: Bachelor, Associate
* Programs and Courses: 3 - Culinary Arts associate degree, Pastry Arts associate degree, and Hospitality Restaurant Management bachelor's degree
* Class Schedules: Day, evening and weekend
* Enrollment: Approximately 425
* Graduates: More than 200
* Graduate Employment Rates: Nearly 92% of graduates obtain employment within a year of completing their The Chef's Academy/Harrison education.

## Accreditation and regulation
### Accreditation

Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS)
Harrison College/The Chef's Academy is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools to award Certificates, Diplomas and Associate of Applied Science and Bachelor of Science Degrees. The Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools is listed as a nationally recognized accrediting agency by the United States Department of Education. Its accreditation of degree-granting institutions is also recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.
American Culinary Federation (ACF)
The Chef's Academy is endorsed and accredited by the American Culinary Federation (ACF).

### Regulation

Harrison College is also regulated by The Indiana Commission on Proprietary Education.
# Minoru Ito

Minoru Ito may refer to:
* Minoru Ito (ice hockey) (伊藤 実, born 1948), Japanese ice hockey player
* Minoru Ito (sport shooter) (伊藤 実, born 1941), Japanese sport shooter
* Minoru Itō (伊藤 実), a Japanese mangaka
# I Surrender Dear (disambiguation)

"I Surrender Dear" is a 1931 jazz song.
I Surrender Dear may also refer to:
* I Surrender Dear (1931 film), a 1931 film directed by Mack Sennett and starring Bing Crosby
* I Surrender Dear (1948 film), a 1948 film directed by Arthur Dreifuss and starring Gloria Jean
* I Surrender Dear (album), a 2019 album by Peter Brötzmann
# Hoxie High School

Hoxie High School may refer to:
* Hoxie High School (Arkansas)
* Hoxie Jr-Sr High School, Hoxie, Kansas (Hoxie Community Schools USD 412)
# Henry Chancellor

Henry Chancellor may refer to:
* Henry Chancellor (politician) (1863–1945), radical British Liberal Party politician
* Henry Chancellor (filmmaker) (born 1968), British television director, producer, and writer
# Xylosma pininsularis

Xylosma pininsularis is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
# Boana atlantica

Boana atlantica is a small-sized species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to the Atlantic Forest from Pernambuco to Bahia in northeastern Brazil. It is a very abundant species inhabiting primary and secondary forest and forest edge, including degraded forest. It breeds in fish ponds, lakes and pools. It is an adaptable species but it can be locally threatened by habitat loss.
In 2017, it became the second amphibian species confirmed to be fluorescent (under UV-light), only a few months after it had been discovered in the closely related polka-dot tree frog (B. punctata).
# Ulrike Müller

Ulrike Müller may refer to:
* Ulrike Müller (artist) (born 1971), visual artist
* Ulrike Müller (politician) (born 1962), German politician
# Beacon Reader

Beacon or Beacon Reader was an independent web platform to fund journalism projects founded in 2013. It was based in Oakland, California. Hundreds of journalists used the platform to finance their writing and investigations. The organisers worked with newspaper publications to promote the projects, and to help the stories produced reach a wider audience. Beacon announced in an email on October 4, 2016 that they are no longer offering services for journalists or backers, and that on September 12, 2016 all active subscriptions were cancelled and no further contributions could be made.
As of 2015, over US$1,000,000 was raised via 20,000 donors to fund journalism. The site differed from existing models of funding journalism with donations, such as National Public Radio and Kickstarter by focusing on the journalist, providing publishing support, vetting and audience participation in story development. Failure for individual writers is high, however popular news outlets, e.g. The Huffington Post and The Texas Tribune, have been more successful in raising funds.

## Example projects

* The Huffington Post crowdfunded over $40,000 for a fellowship to allow a journalist to remain in Ferguson, Missouri to cover the protests in that city.
* My Four Months as a Private Prison Guard - $75,000 salary funding for Shane Bauer, a hiker and journalist who was imprisoned in Iran for 26 months.
* The Net Neutrality Battle - Techdirt raised nearly $70,000 to support its coverage of the net neutrality fight in Washington, D.C.
* Climate Confidential - a team of six climate and environment reporters, raised over $46,000 to create a micro-publication devoted to climate issues.
* The Texas Tribune obtained funding for a series of stories on how the shale boom is changing Texas.
* Wolf OR7 - a grey wolf is scientifically studied making a journey from Oregon to California

## Criticism

The partnership between Beacon and The Huffington Post was criticised for allowing a for-profit corporation seek and accept funding for donations that are usually reserved for non-profit entities. The fear is that it may be easier to crowdfund journalist salaries than expending corporate profits.