OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gaspard Duchange

Gaspard Duchange (1662–1757) was a French engraver.

## Life

Duchange was born in Paris in 1662. He was a pupil of Guillaume Vallet and then of Jean Audran. He was received into the Academy in 1707 and died in Paris in 1757.

## Style

According to Joseph Strutt in his Biographical Dictionary of Engravers (1786), Duchange's style was similar to that of his teacher, Audran, but in general neater, with the use of etching not so predominant. Strutt did not think that Duchange's drawing was as good as Audran's, but concluded that his prints "though mannered, and often rather laboured, have much to recommend them to the connoisseur, especially such as are pleased with agreeable management of the graver."

## List of works

Duchange engraved a considerable number of plates. They include:

### Portraits

* François Girardon; after Rigaud; presented for Duchange's reception into the Academy in 1707.
* Charles de La Fosse, painter; after a self-portrait; presented upon the same occasion.
* Antoine Coypel, with his Son; after a self-portrait.

### Subjects after various artists

After Correggio:
* Jupiter and Io
* Jupiter and Danae
* Jupiter and Ledas
After Paolo Veronese:
* The Entombment of Christ
After Jouvenet:
* Mary Magdalen washing the Feet of Christ
* Christ driving the Buyers and Sellers from the Temple
After Antoine Coypel:
* The Sacrifice of Jephtha.
* Tobit recovering his Sight
* Venus sleeping, with three Loves and a Satyr
* The Death of Dido
* The Bath of Diana
After Noël-Nicolas Coypel:
* Solon explaining his Laws to the Athenians;
* Trajan dispensing Justice to the People
After Desormeaux:
* Diana disarming Cupid
After Rubens:
* The Birth of Mary de' Medici;
* The Landing of Mary de' Medici at Marseilles
* The Marriage of Henry IV. and Mary de' Medici
* The Apotheosis of Henry IV. and Regency of Mary de' Medici
* The Interview of Mary de' Medici and her son, Louis XIII
These five last plates were engraved for the Luxembourg Gallery.
# Imma trachyptila

Imma asaphoneura is a moth in the family Immidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found on Fiji.
# Black Maria

Black Maria may refer to:

## Art and literature

* Black Mariah (comics), a character in the Luke Cage comics series
* Black Maria, a character in the manga series One Piece
* Black Maria (novel), a 1991 novel by Diana Wynne Jones
* Black Maria, a 1960 anthology of drawings by Charles Addams
* Black Maria, a book of poetry by Kevin Young
* The Black Maria, a 2016 book of poetry by Aracelis Girmay

## Music

* The Black Maria, a Canadian rock band
* "Black Maria", a song by Todd Rundgren from the 1972 album Something/Anything?
* "Big Black Mariah", a song by Tom Waits from the 1985 album Rain Dogs
* "The Black Maria", a song by The Decemberists from the 2024 Album As It Ever Was, So It Will Be Again

## Transportation

* Black Maria (horse), an American racehorse
* Black Maria (IFF), a fighter aircraft IFF (identification friend or foe) interrogator
* ALCO DL-202-2 and DL-203-2, experimental diesel-electric locomotives known informally as the Black Maria
* Black Maria, the airplane flown by Canadian World War I ace Raymond Collishaw
* "Black Maria", the first parking meter
* Black Maria, an informal nickname for a police van

## Card games

* Black Maria (card game)
* Black Lady, a card game also sometimes known as Black Maria

## Other

* Black Madonna, depictions of the Blessed Virgin Mary with dark skin
* Edison's Black Maria, a film studio created by Thomas Edison
* Maria Chernaya, a cavalry commander in the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
# Vardåsen (Enebakk)

Vardåsen is a hill and the highest point in the municipality of Enebakk, Norway. It is located between the two lakes Børtervann and Øyeren, and has a height of 374 m.a.s.l.
# I'm Still Livin'

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| RapReviews | 9/10 |
I'm Still Livin' is the tenth solo studio album by American rapper Z-Ro from Houston, Texas. It was released on November 7, 2006 via Rap-A-Lot Records, Atlantic Records and Asylum Records. Production was primarily handled by Mike Dean, alongside Richard "Enigma" Hervey, Bigg Tyme, Dani Kartel, Mr. Lee, and Z-Ro himself. It features guest appearances from P.O.P., Tanya Herron, Trae tha Truth, Big Hawk, Bun B and Lil' Keke. The album peaked at number 75 on the Billboard 200 in the United States. Its chopped and screwed version was edited by Paul Wall.

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 75 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 14 |
| US Top Rap Albums (Billboard) | 7 |
# George Dempster

George Dempster may refer to:
* George Dempster of Dunnichen (1732–1818), Scots lawyer and member of Parliament
* George Roby Dempster (1887–1964), American industrialist, inventor and mayor
* George Dempster (footballer), Australian rules footballer
# Jack Burnley

Jack Burnley (January 11, 1911 – December 19, 2006) was the pen name of Hardin J. Burnley, an American comic book artist and illustrator. Burnley was the first artist, after co-creator Joe Shuster, to draw Superman in comic books.

## Biography
### Early career

Born in New York, Jack Burnley began his comics career working for the King Features Syndicate, providing cartoons for the sports section (including work for Damon Runyon). In 1929 he became the then-youngest artist to have a syndicated feature, and also produced illustrations for advertising. In 1938, Burnley began to freelance, producing "single-page sports fillers" for DC Comics, by whom he was subsequently hired in 1940. His first published assignment was the cover illustration for New York World's Fair 1940 (AKA World's Fair Comics #2); the cover portrayed Superman with Batman and Robin, the first time the trio had ever appeared together in print. Burnley went on to provide uncredited artwork for Action Comics until 1947. Burnley's work was often credited to other artists. In the 1945 Batman newspaper strips which Burnley penciled, the stylized Bob Kane signature logo appears, although Kane had not worked on the sequence.
The version of Superman he created was noted for its carefully drawn musculature, which set the style of superheroes for years to come. “I gave Superman a lot more muscle than he had originally,” he told a Charlottesville, Virginia newspaper in 2000. “When I came into comics I had a background in drawing the musclemen and heroes of sports, so it was rather easy for me to make the transition to drawing the comic figures.”

### Later DC work

Burnley co-created (with writer Gardner Fox) the superhero Starman, which first appeared in Adventure Comics (April 1941). He "became DC's top ghost artist," working on the main characters and titles. In addition to pencilling over 100 covers, he also worked (for a brief time in 1944), as uncredited penciler on both the Batman and Superman Sunday comic strips. Burnley left DC and the comic book field in 1947, and returning to newspaper sports cartooning. He worked for the Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph for four years, then for the San Francisco News until his retirement in 1976.
Burnley and his wife, former cabaret dancer Dolores Farris relocated to Charlottesville, Virginia in 1981. Burnley died on December 19, 2006, at the Heritage Hall senior facility in Charlottesville, following a fall that broke his hip.
# Griffith Lloyd

Griffith Lloyd (died 1586) was Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, from 1572 to 1586. He was also Regius Professor of Civil Law from 1577 to his death.
He was originally from Lampeter, Wales where the Lloyds of Maesyfelin were a well-respected family. He was one of the first benefactors to leave land to the college, with his bequest of some land in Cardiganshire taking effect after his widow's death in 1615.
# Subsynchronous orbit

A subsynchronous orbit is an orbit of a satellite that is nearer the planet than it would be if it were in synchronous orbit, i.e. the orbital period is less than the sidereal day of the planet.

## Technical considerations

An Earth satellite that is in (a prograde) subsynchronous orbit will appear to drift eastward as seen from the Earth's surface.

## Economic importance in commercial spaceflight

The Geosynchronous-belt subsynchronous orbital regime is regularly used in spaceflight. This orbit is typically used to house working communication satellites that have not yet been deactivated, and may be still be used again in geostationary service if the need arises.
# Gaspard Goyrand

Gaspard Goyrand (3 February 1803 – 23 June 1866) was a French general practitioner, surgeon and politician from Aix-en-Provence. He helped treat cholera from 1835 to 1854, while serving as Deputy Mayor of Aix from 1838 to 1848.

## Early life

Jean-Gaspard Goyrand was born in 1803. He was the son of Gabriel-Antoine Goyrand (1754-1826), a religious painter, and Marie Eulalie Ravanas (1762-1825). His father was in exile in Italy during the French Revolution of 1789, and later returned to Aix. His great-uncle, Jean-Louis Goyrand (1718-1790), was a Professor of Medicine at the University of Aix-en-Provence.
He received his doctorate degree in Paris in 1828, where he was taught by Guillaume Dupuytren. He later disagreed with his former professor.

## Career

He practised as a physician and surgeon in Aix-en-Provence. From 1835 to 1854, he treated patients with cholera. In the 1850s, he moved to Lourmarin during a third epidemic of cholera. He also served as supervisor of the hot spring in Aix. People believed hot springs were a cure for certain diseases, at the time.
From 1838 to 1848, he served as the Deputy-Mayor of Aix-en-Provence.
He is remembered for a type of wrist-spraining which was named after him.

## Death

He died in 1866.

## Legacy

The Rue Goyrand, in the Quartier Mazarin of Aix-en-Provence, is named in his honour. It runs from the Rue Laroque to the Rue Frédéric Mistral.
# Fred Birchmore

Fred A. Birchmore (1911–2012) was a renowned adventurer from Athens, Georgia, best known for his 1935 travels around the world on a bicycle. His Reinhardt bicycle, which he named 'Bucephalus', is in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Fred was also notable in Athens for being the head of Athens Realty Company for thirty years and for hand-building a massive stone wall, over 2 meters tall in places, when he was in his 70s, and walking down the steps of the Washington Monument on his hands. Fred had many pursuits and careers including lawyer, college professor, International Exchange Scholar, author, lecturer, free lance writer for National Geographic, Atlanta Journal, Ripley's "Believe-It-Or-Not", boxer, acrobat, deck hand, seaman, ship fitter, selective service advisor, Naval Gunnery officer WWII, boxing coach, aviator, archaeologist, ornithologist, Boy and Girl Scout Leader, singer, President of Athens Kiwanis Club, tennis coach, organic farmer, and youth camp director.

## Later life exploits

Age 61: Bicycled 4,500 miles through ten countries in Europe.
Age 63: Hike the 2,000-mile Appalachian Trail in the United States.
Age 64: Floated the Suwanee River from Okefenokee Swamp across South Georgia and North Florida thru Hurricane Agnes to the Gulf of Mexico.
Age 65: Walking tour of Great Britain.
Age 66: Hiked (alone) the Inca Trail in Peru.
Age 67: Hiked the Long Trail thru Green Mountains in Vermont to Canada.
Age 68: Hiked the Inca Trail (second time). Completed a 10,000 mile tour of China.
Age 69: Bicycled the Skyline Drive from Rockfish Gap to Front Royal, Virginia.
Age 70: Bicycled the Milford Track in New Zealand.
Age 73: Balloon trip to Switzerland.
Age 76: Completed his hand built stone wall at his residence in Athens, Georgia and a world tour.
Age 77: Hiked the Denali wilderness in Alaska.
Age 80: Traveled to China and camped in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and hiked Mount Katahdin.
# Hoyos family

The House of Hoyos is a prominent Austrian noble family of an ancient Castilian origin, whose members held significant political positions during the Austro-Hungarian and the German Empire.

## History

It derives its name from El Hoyo de Pinares in Ávila, Castile and León, and can be traced back to the 9th century. Juan de Hoyos and his family accompanied the later Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, to Lower Austria in 1525, founding the Austrian branch of the family. This branch rose to prominence in Austria and in Hungary as Hungarian magnates over the centuries.
Johann Baptist von Hoyos (1506-1579) was awarded with the title of Imperial Baron in 1549. His two sons, elder Ferdinand Albrecht Freiherr Hoyos von Stichsenstein (1533-1609) and younger Ludwig Hoyos Freiherr Hoyos von Stichsenstein (1550-1600) formed two branches of the family. Members of the elder line of the family were elevated to the rank of Imperial counts in 1682 and survived until today. Members of the younger line were also elevated to the dignity of Imperial counts in 1628, but became extinct in 1718.

## Notable members

* Ernst Karl von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (1830–1903), Austrian landowner and politician
* Alexander, Count of Hoyos (1876-1937), Austro-Hungarian diplomat
* Marguerite, Countess of Hoyos (1871–1945), sister of Alexander; married Herbert, Prince of Bismarck (1849-1904) and became Princess of Bismarck
* Melanie, Countess of Hoyos (1916–1949), daughter of Alexander; married her cousin Gottfried, Count von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1901-1949) and became Countess von Bismarck-Schönhausen
* Marie Antoinette, Countess of Hoyos (1920–2004), married Prince Wilhem Victor of Prussia (1919–1989), son of Prince Adalbert of Prussia
* Ladislas de Hoyos Count of Hoyos (1939-2011), French TV journalist
* Douglas Hoyos-Trauttmansdorff (1990), Austrian politician
Carola Hoyos (2024), Austrian speechwriter for the IAEA Honor Zielinski-Hoyos [2024], criminal lawyer Lara Mrakovic (2024), libero for volley16

## Literature

* Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon Band VI, Band 91 der Gesamtreihe, S. 389–390, C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1987, ISSN|0435-2408.
* Michael S. Habsburg-Lothringen: Die Familie Hoyos. Geschichte und Persönlichkeiten. In: Herbert Knittler (ed.): Adel im Wandel. Politik, Kultur, Konfession 1500–1700, Katalog der Niederösterreichischen Landesausstellung Rosenburg 1990. Wien 1990, ISBN 3-85460-019-4, S. 565–576.
# Bonifacio Pinedo

Don Bonifacio Pinedo (1888 – 1954) was the King of the Afro-Bolivians from 1932 to 1954. As the ceremonial king, he presided over religious festivities celebrating Saint Benedict the Moor and was responsible for matchmaking in the Afro-Bolivian community. His role was suppressed during the Bolivian National Revolution.

## Early life and ancestry

Pinedo was born in 1888 in the Nor Yungas Province to José María Pinedo and Gregoria Iriondo. He had a brother, Cipriano. Pinedo was the grandson of Andrés Pinedo and Antonia Zavala. He is a descendant of a noble African tribe that resided in the Congo at a time before France and Belgium colonized the region. His ancestor, Prince Uchicho of either the Kingdom of Kongo or Senegal, was captured and enslaved by the Spanish, who brought him to Bolivia in 1820 to work on an hacienda. In 1832, Prince Uchicho was crowned by the former slaves as the first King of the Afro-Bolivians. The family adopted the surname Pinedo, after their former enslaver the Marquis of Pinedo.

## Reign

Pinedo was crowned as king of the Afro-Bolivian monarchy in 1932, succeeding Don José Pinedo.
As king, he presided over the festivities of the feast of Saint Benedict of the Moor in Mururata. During the religious procession, while dressed in a royal garb including a crown, scepter, sash, and embroidered cape, he was carried on a litter by members of the Afro-Bolivian community. Pinedo then opened the performing of ceremonial dances by dancing the zemba. The ceremony continued with performances of the tundiqui and saya dances.
Pinedo was responsible for matchmaking in his community and assisting couples in resolving marital disputes.
With the outbreak of the Bolivian National Revolution in 1952, his ceremonial role was suppressed.

## Marriage and issue

Bonifacio was first married to Juliana Zabala. They had two children, Prince Carmelo and Prince Manuel, who both predeceased him. He was married a second time to Cecilia Barra. They had multiple daughters, including Aurora, and a son named Juan. Juan predeceased his father.

## Death

Pinedo died in 1954 without a male heir. He was buried at the hacienda of the Marquis de Pinedo, near Mururata. Following his death, his eldest daughter Doña Aurora Pinedo succeeded him as princess regent until the ascension of his grandson, Julio I in 1992.
Pinedo's tomb was restored by King Julio I and Queen Angélica Larrea, but was later damaged by vandals.
# George Davidson (minister)

George Davidson (1855 – 15 July 1936) was a Presbyterian minister in Adelaide, South Australia from 1898 to 1928.

## History

The Rev. Dr Davidson was born at Dundee, Scotland in 1855, the son of George Davidson, a mechanical engineer, and was educated at Dundee's West End Academy. After four years' employment at the office of a local jute factory, he enrolled at St Andrew's University in Fife, graduating MA in 1879, and prepared for the ministry at the Theological Hall of the United Presbyterian Church, Edinburgh. He would receive his Doctorate of Divinity in 1910. His first posting was to the Allars United Presbyterian Church, Hawick, where he remained for 13 years.
Davidson answered a call from the Flinders Street, Adelaide church (founded 1865) in 1897 to succeed Rev. James Lyall, and with his wife and two sons arrived in Adelaide by the liner Ormuz on 28 February 1898. and served there from 1898 to 1928. These were the two pastorates of his 44 years' ministerial career. He served as Moderator General of the Presbyterian Church of Australia from 1914 to 1916 and was three times Moderator of the South Australian Assembly.
    The Flinders Street Presbyterian Church was Adelaide's first, and Chalmer's Church and St Andrew's were later offshoots. Rev. Ralph Drummond was, in 1839, Adelaide's first Presbyterian minister, at first conducting services at his home in Angas Street (also to a group at Mount Barker). A church and school were built on Gouger Street in 1841 and the stately edifice on Flinders Street in 1865. Drummond was succeeded by Rev. James Lyall in 1857, and Davidson was the third incumbent. So the church had only three ministers in a span of 90 years.
He was elected president of the Council of Churches for South Australia in 1913 and again in 1919.
    The Flinders Street church was aligned with the United Presbyterian Church, one of three Presbyterian denominations in Adelaide. The others (Free Presbyterian Church and Church of Scotland) merged in 1865 to form Chalmers Church, with which the Flinders Street church joined in 1929 as Scots Church. The Flinders Street property was sold in 1956, with the funds and much of the material used to upgrade the Scots Church at the North Terrace - Pulteney Street corner.
He resigned from the South Australian Presbytery in December 1928, on account of failing health. He died at home and after a brief ceremony his remains were buried in the Mitcham Cemetery.

## Other interests

Davidson was an occasional bowls player and golfer. He was a teetotaler and temperance advocate.

## Family

Davidson's wife, Jessie Wannen Davidson (c. 1855 – 19 July 1937), was born in Arbroath; they were married in Scotland on 9 April 1884. They had two sons:
* D. M. Davidson (Sydney)
* J. L. Davidson (Melbourne).
They had a home at 22 Gurney road Dulwich, where he died.
# Jack Burns (disambiguation)

Jack Burns (1933–2020) was an American comedian and voice actor.
Jack Burns may also refer to:
* Jack Burns (American football coach) (born 1949), assistant coach for the Washington Redskins
* Jack Burns (Australian footballer) (1918–1995), Australian footballer for Collingwood
* Jack Burns (first baseman) (1907–1975), American first baseman, coach, and scout in Major League Baseball
* Jack Burns (golfer) (1859–1927), Scottish golfer
* Jack Burns (second baseman) (1880–1957), second baseman for the Detroit Tigers
* Jack Byrnes, a character in the 2000 film Meet the Parents
# Grove Farm

Grove Farm may refer to:

## in England

* Grove Farm, Somerset
* Grove Farm, Ealing, a Local Nature Reserve in London

## in the United States

* Grove Farm (Lihue, Hawaii), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Grove Farm Company Locomotives, Puhi, Hawaii, NRHP-listed
* Mount Airy (Sharpsburg, Maryland), also known as, and listed on the NRHP as, Grove Farm
* The Grove School in California, with a campus known as Grove Farm
# Vilmos Tátrai

Vilmos Tátrai (7 October 1912 – 2 February 1999) was a Hungarian classical violinist and the founder of the Tátrai Quartet.

## Life

Tátrai was born in Kispest, now 19th district of Budapest. A professor at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music, he founded the Tátrai Quartet in 1946 with members of the Budapest orchestra. The quartet was then formed by Tátrai on the first violin, Mihály Szűcs on the second violin, József Iványi at the viola and Vera Dénes – replaced in 1951 by Ede Banda – on the cello. In 1948, the quartet won the Bartók String Quartet Competition.
Shortly after this award, Tátrai became concertmaster of the Hungarian National Philharmonic, a position he held until 1982, when he founded the Hungarian Chamber Orchestra in 1957, of which he was the leader, although the ensemble did not have a conductor.
His autobiography was published posthumously in 2001. In 2012, on the 100th anniversary of his birth, a month-long exhibition on his life and work took place at the Müpa Budapest. Tátrai had been awarded the Kossuth Prize by the Hungarian government in 1958.
# Lecanora vinetorum

Lecanora vinetorum is a rare species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in Central Europe, it was formally described as a new species in 1968 by lichenologists Josef Poelt and Siegfried Huneck. The type specimen was collected from the San Michele Appiano region of Trentino-Alto Adige (Bolzano Province); there it was found growing on vineyard frames. The species epithet vinetorum (Latin for "vineyard") refers to its habitat.
It is a member of the Lecanora varia species complex, which consists of about a dozen yellowish-green species that are related to L. varia.
A rare Central European lichen, Lecanora vinetorum occurs in Switzerland and northern Italy, at elevations between 270 and 780 m (890 and 2,560 ft). Although Lecanora lichens are typically saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species, L. vinetorum is remarkable for having adapted to growth on wood sprayed with copper-containing fungicides. This includes colonized trees (typically Prunus avium), and the sheltered tie-beams used in vineyard frames. Although the lichen is confined to small areas, it is locally abundant in habitats that do not have many other lichen species.
The compound griseoxanthone C was reported this species in 1992, the first time that substance had been reported from a lichen. It also contains the xanthone compound vinetorin.
# Supermarket (disambiguation)

A supermarket is a large form of the traditional grocery store, a self-service shop offering a wide variety of food and household products organized into aisles.
Supermarket may also refer to:
* Supermarket (comics), a four-issue 2006 comic written by Brian Wood and illustrated by Kristian Donaldson
* Supermarket (1974 film), a West German crime film
* Supermarket (2023 film), a Montenegrin film
* Supermarket (Logic album), a 2019 soundtrack album by Logic, or the title track, or the accompanying novel
* Supermarket (Rockfour album), a 2000 music album by Rockfour, or the title track
* Supermarket (Stakka Bo album), a 1993 music album by Stakka Bo