OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-3518

German submarine U-3518 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 12 September 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1663. She was launched on 11 November 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Herbert Brünning on 29 December 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3518 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3518 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Fate

U-3518 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at Kiel, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
# Bulbophyllum bractescens

Bulbophyllum bractescens is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum species found in Thailand.
# Veliki Skočaj

Veliki Skočaj (Serbian Cyrillic: Велики Скочај) is a village in the municipality of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 56.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 55 | 98.2% |
| Bosniaks | 1 | 1.8% |
| Total | 56 | 100% |
# Mettle (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Mettle is the second and final release from art rock band Hugo Largo. It was released by Brian Eno's record label, Opal, on January 1, 1989 and was supported by a European tour following its release. Mettle was produced by then-member and current electronic musician Hahn Rowe.

## Personnel
### Hugo Largo

* Adam Peacock
* Hahn Rowe
* Mimi Goese
* Tim Sommer
# Time value

In finance, time value is:
* Time value of money; or
* Time value of an option.
In transport economics, time value refers to:
In photography and cameras TVs, time value refers to:
* $T_{v}$ in the APEX system (Additive System of Photographic Exposure)
* Time value mode (Tv mode), a shutter priority mode on electronically controlled cameras
# Topology dissemination based on reverse-path forwarding

Topology broadcast based on reverse-path forwarding (TBRPF) is a link-state routing protocol for wireless mesh networks.
The obvious design for a wireless link-state protocol (such as the optimized link-state routing protocol) transmits large amounts of routing data, and this limits the utility of a link-state protocol when the network is made of moving nodes. The number and size of the routing transmissions make the network unusable for any but the smallest networks.
The conventional solution is to use a distance-vector routing protocol such as AODV, which usually transmits no data about routing. However, distance-vector routing requires more time to establish a connection, and the routes are less optimized than a link-state router.
TBRPF transmits only the differences between the previous network state and the current network state. Therefore, routing messages are smaller, and can therefore be sent more frequently. This means that nodes' routing tables are more up-to-date.
TBRPF is controlled under a US patent filed in December 2000 and assigned to SRI International (Patent ID 6845091, issued January 18, 2005).
# Broseley Estates Limited

Broseley Estates Limited, also referred to as Broseley Homes, was a housebuilder based in Leigh, Lancashire which operated from the 1950s until the 1980s.

## History

Broseley's roots trace back to the 1950s when Daniel Horrocks began his career as an estate agent; he formed a partnership with Alf Smith (of Culcheth) Ltd and two others, and started building small developments of houses and refurbishing commercial properties in the south Lancashire area. In 1960 the various development companies were merged into the Broseley Investment Company, with Royal Exchange holding 26%. In 1961 Metropolitan Railway Surplus Lands also acquired a 20% holding; after further changes in shareholdings, Guardian Royal Exchange (as it had then become) finally achieved majority control in 1970.
During the 1960s Broseley expanded in the north-west and then, through the acquisition of Frederick Powell & Sons Limited, in the south west. By the end of the decade it was building up to 1500 houses a year. The expansion continued in the 1970s with new regions in Scotland, the north east and the south east. By the early 1980s, Broseley's output was around 4500 houses a year, making it the fourth largest housebuilder in the country.
In 1986 and 1987, Horrocks suffered a series of heart attacks. After 25 years, Guardian Royal Exchange decided that, without Horrocks, it did not wish to continue running a housebuilding company. GRE retained the commercial property business but sold Broseley Estates to Trafalgar House in December 1986 for £71 million, where it was integrated into Trafalgar House's Ideal Homes. Brian Bennett, Broseley's longest serving employee (then regional director for Lancashire), moved to Ideal Homes as land director.

## Developments

Perhaps Broseley's most famous development was the housing used in Channel 4's Brookside television series from November 1982.
Broseley developed one of the largest UK housing estates at Croxteth Country Park in West Derby, Liverpool, constructing around 1000 new homes in a 7-year period, this was the largest private development in Europe at the time. It was also one of the first developers in Milton Keynes (where it sponsored a brass band, known then as Broseley Brass).
Several LDDC housing developments in London Docklands were built in the early 1980s by the company, the first sites were: Birch Trees in Cypress, Beckton and Nelson Reach off Redriff Road in Surrey Quays. Other developments included Spirit Quay in Wapping, Greenland Quay and Tower Bridge Wharf.

## Divisions

Broseley Estates' main Head Office was based on Lord Street Leigh. It took the full block with boundaries on Lord Street, Bold Street, Vernon Street and Bond Street Leigh Lancashire. The building still stands today. In 1986 the company had regional offices at: Leigh, Airdrie in Scotland, Thornaby-on-Tees and Wakefield in Yorkshire, Liverpool, Nottingham, Luton, Bracknell, Stratford in London and Exeter. The Clubhouse stood on Holden Road, Leigh, next to the Broseley Football Club pitch.
Some Broseley houses and developments built in the 1980s
# J. Augustine DeSazilly

J. Augustine DeSazilly (fl. mid-19th century) was a French engineer.
In the early 1850s, DeSazilly published a paper postulating the "profile of equal resistance," a major theoretical advance in the technology of masonry gravity dams, based on the hydrostatic force exerted by a given height of water in relation to the weight of masonry used in the dam's construction (estimated at 150 pounds per cubic foot). DeSazilly considered two extreme conditions, a filled reservoir and an empty reservoir, and created a model for equalizing stresses on the masonry across every horizontal cross section. He developed a vertical cross section in which the stresses at the upstream face of a masonry gravity dam with the reservoir empty are equal to those at the downstream face with the reservoir filled. His hypothesis provided a means of calculating the minimum amount of material that could be used while assuring stability. Although he himself never carried out the construction of a dam on this "profile of equal resistance," it was used in 1858 to build the Furens Dam across the river Loire.
DeSazilly also developed a process of surface drainage for building on a slope, and contributed to the building of railways, roads, and bridges.
# German submarine U-3514

German submarine U-3514 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 21 August 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1659. She was launched on 21 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Günther Fritze on 9 December 1944.

## Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3514 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3514 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

## Service history

On 9 May 1945, U-3514 surrendered at Bergen, Norway. She was transferred to Lisahally, Northern Ireland on 6 June 1945, arriving on 8 June 1945.
U-3514 was held at Lisahally until January 1946, when she was taken to Moville. She was being held up in reserve just in case one of the Type XXI that had been transferred to the Soviets after the war did not arrive intact. Then on 7 February 1946, she was ordered to be part of Operation Deadlight. Two days later, on 9 February, she left Moville to be towed to her scuttling area, arriving on the morning of 12 February. HMS Loch Arkaig began the scuttling process at 09:36 using her QF 4 in (100 mm) Mark V gun, "Squid" depth charges, and "Shark" shells, fired from the four-inch gun. U-3514 sank at 10:04, becoming the last U-boat sunk during Operation Deadlight.
The wreck is at 56°00′N 10°05′W﻿ / ﻿56.000°N 10.083°W﻿ / 56.000; -10.083.
# Bulbophyllum brachyphyton

Bulbophyllum brachyphyton is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in Madagascar.
# Vaşa

Vaşa (also, Vasha and Vosha) is a village and municipality in the Ismayilli District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 165.
# Mettma

Mettma is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It flows into the Schlücht near Ühlingen-Birkendorf.
# Igor Skorokhodov

Igor Skorokhodov (born May 4, 1986) is a Russian former professional ice hockey forward who played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He most notably played with HC Yugra for 6 seasons.
During the 2018–19 season, Skorokhodov returned to HC Yugra in their first season of the transition to the VHL. He earned 1 assist in 8 games before opting to immediately end his 12-year professional career on October 25, 2018.
# Gottfried Adolf Kinau

Gottfried Adolf Kinau (4 January 1814 – 9 January 1888) was a German Protestant minister and astronomer.
Born in Aschersleben into a family of ministers and teachers, Kinau studied theology in Halle and Magdeburg from 1833 to 1840. Until 1851, he had several appointments as teacher. Until 1861, he was minister in Rohr in Thuringia. Until his death he was minister at the Kreuzkirche in Suhl, Thuringia. He had several offices in charity and school system.
Kinau was known as a selenographer, who had specialised in lunar rills. In 1847 he discovered six lunar rilles and continued to make lunar drawings all his life. The lunar crater Kinau is named after him.
# Guanyinge Township

Guanyinge Township (simplified Chinese: 观音阁乡; traditional Chinese: 觀音閣鄉; pinyin: Guānyīngé Xiāng) is a township of Guanyang County in northeastern Guangxi, China, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of the county seat. As of 2011, it has 16 villages under its administration.
# Broselow

Broselow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ellen Broselow (born 1949), American experimental linguist
* James Broselow (born 1943), American emergency physician, academic, inventor, and entrepreneur
# Baumwall station

Baumwall (German pronunciation: ) is an elevated metro station located at Baumwall embankment in Hamburg's inner-city. It was opened in 1912 and is served by Hamburg U-Bahn line U3. It was renamed Baumwall (Elbphilharmonie) on 2 December 2016.

## Location

Baumwall ("tree ridge") is the name of an embankment on the Hamburg Harbour front. The station is located at the exposed headland of Fleet Island, between Herrengrabenfleet, Alsterfleet and Binnenhafen. Administratively, Baumwall belongs to Neustadt; bridges across Alsterfleet and Binnenhafen connect it with the districts Altstadt and HafenCity respectively. Historically, Baumwall was site of a water barrier and part of the Hamburg Wallanlagen.
The station has significance for both commuters and visitors. It is nearest station for the Hanseatic Trade Center and other large office complexes like Gruner + Jahr. For visitors it offers access to the Elbe Philharmonic Hall and the Speicherstadt.

## Service

Baumwall is served by Hamburg U-Bahn line U3; departures are every 5 minutes.

## Gallery

* View across Binnenhafen: Baumwall station (far left) and the Hochbahn viaduct across Alsterfleet
# Mercantile Bank Building

Mercantile Bank Building or Mercantile National Bank Building may refer to:
* Mercantile Bank Building (Jonesboro, Arkansas), listed on the NRHP in Craighead County, Arkansas
* Mercantile National Bank Building (Dallas, Texas), also known as Mercantile Bank Building
* Mercantile Bank building (Tampa, Florida), a historic bank building set to be remodeled for use as a hotel
# Mohammad Hossein Farboud

Mohammad Hossein Farboud was an Iranian chess player. He was one of the leading Iranian chess players in the 1960s. He won the Iranian Chess Championship in 1967 and 1968. He played for Iran in the Chess Olympiads in 1962, at the second board in the 15th Chess Olympiad in Varna (+3, =6, -10). He again played in 1964, as the first reserve board in the 16th Chess Olympiad in Tel Aviv (+3, =1, -4).
# Bull's Lock

Bull's Lock is a lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal, at Newbury, Berkshire, England.
Bull's Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury. The canal is administered by the Canal & River Trust. The lock has a rise/fall of 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m).
# Hierarchy (mathematics)

In mathematics, a hierarchy is a set-theoretical object, consisting of a preorder defined on a set. This is often referred to as an ordered set, though that is an ambiguous term that many authors reserve for partially ordered sets or totally ordered sets. The term pre-ordered set is unambiguous, and is always synonymous with a mathematical hierarchy. The term hierarchy is used to stress a hierarchical relation among the elements.
Sometimes, a set comes equipped with a natural hierarchical structure. For example, the set of natural numbers N is equipped with a natural pre-order structure, where $n\leq n'$ whenever we can find some other number $m$ so that $n+m=n'$. That is, $n'$ is bigger than $n$ only because we can get to $n'$ from $n$ using $m$. This idea can be applied to any commutative monoid. On the other hand, the set of integers Z requires a more sophisticated argument for its hierarchical structure, since we can always solve the equation $n+m=n'$ by writing $m=(n'-n)$.
A mathematical hierarchy (a pre-ordered set) should not be confused with the more general concept of a hierarchy in the social realm, particularly when one is constructing computational models that are used to describe real-world social, economic or political systems. These hierarchies, or complex networks, are much too rich to be described in the category Set of sets. This is not just a pedantic claim; there are also mathematical hierarchies, in the general sense, that are not describable using set theory.
Other natural hierarchies arise in computer science, where the word refers to partially ordered sets whose elements are classes of objects of increasing complexity. In that case, the preorder defining the hierarchy is the class-containment relation. Containment hierarchies are thus special cases of hierarchies.

## Related terminology

Individual elements of a hierarchy are often called levels and a hierarchy is said to be infinite if it has infinitely many distinct levels but said to collapse if it has only finitely many distinct levels.

## Example

In theoretical computer science, the time hierarchy is a classification of decision problems according to the amount of time required to solve them.
# Meterostachys

Meterostachys is a genus of plants in the family Crassulaceae, that contains a single accepted species, Meterostachys sikokiana, native to Japan and Korea. It is little known and is difficult to cultivate.
# If I Were Rich

If I Were Rich may refer to:
* If I Were Rich (1936 film), a British comedy film
* If I Were Rich (2019 film), a Spanish comedy film
# Guanylate binding protein family member 6

Guanylate binding protein family member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GBP6 gene.

## Function

Guanylate-binding proteins, such as GBP6, are induced by interferon and hydrolyze GTP to both GDP and GMP (Olszewski et al., 2006 [PubMed 16689661]).
# Bruce Davidson (politician)

Bruce William Davidson (born 15 March 1951) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Noosa in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1992 to 2001.
Davidson was born in Leeton, New South Wales, and was a retailer and restaurateur before entering politics. Elected as Noosa's first MP in 1992, he was Shadow Minister for Tourism, Consumer Affairs and Regional Development from 1995 to 1996, and served as the minister during the Borbidge Government from 1996 to 1998. Following the formation of the Beattie Government in 1998, he became Shadow Minister for Fair Trading and Consumer Affairs, serving until 2000. In 2001 he was defeated by Labor candidate Cate Molloy.
# Garry Rumbles

Garry Rumbles is a British chemist and researcher at CU-Boulder. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and has written more than 130 journal articles.
He has an h-index of 67.
# Melide

Melide may refer to:
* Melide, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland
* Melide, Spain, a municipality in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain
* The Melide causeway, a road and rail crossing of Lake Lugano in Switzerland
# Beverly Beach

Beverly Beach may refer to:
* Beverly Beach, Florida
* Beverley Beach, Maryland
* Beverly Beach, Oregon
* Beverly Beach State Park in Oregon
# Hierarchy of beliefs

Construction by Jean-François Mertens and Zamir implementing with John Harsanyi's proposal to model games with incomplete information by supposing that each player is characterized by a privately known type that describes his feasible strategies and payoffs as well as a probability distribution over other players' types.
Such probability distribution at the first level can be interpreted as a low level belief of a player. One level up the probability on the belief of other players is interpreted as beliefs on beliefs. A recursive universal construct is built—in which player have beliefs on their beliefs at different level—this construct is called the hierarchy of beliefs.
The result is a universal space of types in which, subject to specified consistency conditions, each type corresponds to the infinite hierarchy of his probabilistic beliefs about others' probabilistic beliefs. They also showed that any subspace can be approximated arbitrarily closely by a finite subspace.
Another popular examples of the usage of the construction are the induction puzzles. And so is Robert Aumann's construction of common knowledge.
# Mesomelia

Mesomelia refers to conditions in which the middle parts of limbs are disproportionately short. When applied to skeletal dysplasias, mesomelic dwarfism describes generalised shortening of the forearms and lower legs. This is in contrast to rhizomelic dwarfism in which the upper portions of limbs are short such as in achondroplasia.
Forms of mesomelic dwarfism currently described include:
* Langer mesomelic dysplasia
* Ellis–van Creveld syndrome
* Robinow syndrome
* Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis
# Tima (name)

Tima is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include the following

## Given name
### Female given name

* Tima Džebo (born 1963), Yugoslavian basketball player
* Tima Shomali (born 1985), Jordanian producer, director, writer, and comedy actress
* Tima Turieva (born 1992), Russian weightlifter

### Male given name

* Tima Fainga'anuku (born 1997), New Zealand rugby union player
* Tima Bell (born 1972), American Designer

## Surname

* Ana José Tima (born 1989), Dominican triple jumper
* Ferenc Tima (1919 – 1976), Hungarian sprinter
* Raffy Tima (born 1975), Filipino journalist
* Tima Kumkum, Ghanaian TV and radio presenter