OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benjamin Franklin (book)

Benjamin Franklin is a non-fiction biography written by literary critic and biographer Carl Van Doren. The book was originally published in 1938 by Viking Press; it is an authoritative telling of Franklin's life that makes heavy use of his own autobiography and his later papers and essays. The book was the 1939 recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Biography. The book received critical acclaim upon release and has been re-released in numerous editions.

## Background

Van Doren signed a deal with Viking and received an advance of $3,000 to complete his biography on Benjamin Franklin. Van Doren travelled up and down New England visiting various institutions that housed Franklin's papers to research the book, including the archives at the American Philosophical Society, University of Philadelphia, along with Harvard and Yale University among others. He spent nearly every day exploring these archives for two years searching for information that had not yet been revealed in any Franklin biographies. In an early draft of the book, one of Van Doren's editors felt that the book sourced too many direct quotations from Franklin and suggested they be removed. Van Doren disagreed with this, he thought the quotations improved the writing. The extensive research caused the cost of the book to balloon beyond Van Doren's original advance, so Viking granted Van Doren a second advance of $2,000. In August 1938 Van Doren was paid a contract of $14,000 ($271,066 as of 2021.) for the book's inclusion in the Book-Of-The-Month-Club.
Benjamin Franklin released in September, 1938 to critical and commercial success. With the book's success, Van Doren met with Sidney Howard to discuss a stage adaptation for the book, however, the stage production was canceled after Sidney's tragic death in 1939. In 1940 RKO Pictures purchased the film rights for the book, but the film was never produced.

## Contents

Benjamin Franklin is a narrative biography that tells the life story of Franklin through use of his autobiography and many of his essays, letters, the transcripts of events and accounts from other individuals, with additional commentary and criticism provided by Van Doren. Much of the book is expressed through Franklin's own dialog and third-person accounts. Van Doren considered the book a potential continuation of Franklin's autobiography partially in the subject's own words, as the original was never fully completed before his death in 1790. Benjamin Franklin is also considered one of the first truly exhaustive biographical explorations of Franklin's life. The book covers key details and events during Franklin's life in great detail, many times even more so than contemporary Franklin biographies.

## Reception

Benjamin Franklin received the Pultizer Prize for Biography in 1939. The book was overwhelmingly voted as the best biography of 1938 by 57 critics in the April 22, 1939 issue of The Lewiston Daily Sun.
# Hellboy Christmas Special

Hellboy Christmas Special is a Dark Horse Comics one-shot comic book horror anthology edited by Scott Allie and featuring the work of Mike Mignola, Gary Gianni and Steve Purcell.

## Creation

Mignola has stated that when he and Gary Gianni came up with the idea for this Christmas special and that for his own entry for it he took a story based on an old folktale that he had long mooted and added a Christmas angel to it.

## Publication history

Hellboy Christmas Special (December 3, 1997) featured a cover by Gary Gianni.
| Title | Creators |
| A Christmas Underground | by Mike Mignola |
| In the story Hellboy travels to England on Christmas Eve 1989 where he descends through a passage in a graveyard in search of the daughter of a dying woman who is married to a prince of the underworld. ||
| Ernie’s Holiday Ditty | by Steve Purcell |
| This one page feature relates the lyrics to a horrific and satirical take on traditional Christmas carols from the fictional Little Ernie and the Citizens of Toybox Community Glee Club who appear in Toybox also in this special. ||
| A Strange Story | by Gary Gianni |
| Corpus Monstrum creator Gianni relates how his case of writer’s block, that threatened to leave a blank page in this special, was overcome by a series synchronistic incidents that pointed to 1870, the year Charles Dickens died. ||
| Christmas | by Geof Darrow |
| A double page Christmas themed pinup. ||
| Toybox | by Steve Purcell |
| In the story Ernie and Suda take shelter on Christmas Eve in the home of an old lady who they discover devoured by spider larvae and while Suda sleeps Ernie does batlle with the giant spider who returns down the chimney with a surprise. ||
| A Gift for the Wicked | by Gary Gianni |
| Hodgson, St. George and Benedict of Corpus Monstrum spend Christmas night in a forbidden chamber at the ancestral home of Baron Grodak in an attempt to lift the curse that has left him the last of his line. ||
| Further Reading | by Mike Mignola |
| Hellboy creator Mignola lists some yuletide ghost stories including his all-time favourite story A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens along with his two best movie adaptations of the story Alastair Sim in 1951 and George C. Scott in 1984. ||

## Awards

The special won two 1998 Eisner Awards;
* Best Writer/Artist: Drama for Mike Mignola.
* Best Anthology, edited by Scott Allie.
# Labeobarbus microbarbis

Labeobarbus microbarbis is an extinct species of cyprinid fish. It was endemic to Lake Luhondo in Rwanda.
The fish has not been recorded since alien fish species of Tilapia and Haplochromis were introduced to the lake. Despite regular surveys L. micronarbis has not been seen for over fifty years and has thus been classed as extinct. However, it may be that the original holotype represents a hybrid rather than a valid species and so the taxonomic status of the species is doubtful.
# Barbara D. Metcalf

Barbara Daly Metcalf (born September 13, 1941) is a professor emeritus of history at the University of California, Davis. She is a specialist in the history of South Asia, especially the colonial period, and the history of the Muslim population of India and Pakistan. She previously served as the dean of the College of Letters and Science at the University of California, Davis, and as the Alice Freeman Palmer Professor of History at the University of Michigan (2003–2009). She was the president of the Association for Asian Studies in 1994 and the president of the American Historical Association in 2010–11.

## Biography

Barbara Metcalf received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1974. Her doctoral dissertation focused on the history of the Muslim religious scholars (ulama) of Deoband, a reformist religious seminary in northern India founded in the 1860s.
Metcalf was called on to write to the Administrative Review Boards held at the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps. The Boards were authorized to recommend whether Guantanamo captives should continue to be held in extrajudicial detention. One of the justifications offered for the continued detention of over three dozen of the Guantanamo captives was that they had participated in the activities of a Pakistani chapter of the Islamic missionary group named Tablighi Jamaat.
Metcalf addressed the benevolent nature of Tablighi pilgrimages. She wrote:
   “I will also attempt to explain why it is implausible to believe that the Tablighis support terrorism or are in any way affiliated with other terrorist or ‘jihadi’ movements such as the Taliban or Al Qaeda.”
She is married to Thomas R. Metcalf, also a retired historian of South Asia, and collaborated with him on a textbook history of India.

## Selected bibliography

* Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900, 1982 ISBN 978-0-691-61413-7 (2nd edition 2002)
* Perfecting Women: Maulana Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi's Bihishti Zewar (translation, annotation, and introduction), 1992 ISBN 978-0-520-08093-5
* Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, 1996 ISBN 978-0-520-20404-1
* A Concise History of India (with Thomas R. Metcalf), 2002 ISBN 978-0-521-63974-3
* Islamic Contestations: Essays on Muslims in India and Pakistan, 2004 ISBN 978-0-19-566666-3
* Husain Ahmad Madani: The Jihad for Islam and India's Freedom ISBN 978-1-78-074210-6
* Essay, "'Traditionalist' Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs," ca. 2001 Archived 2009-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
# Whitecrow Mountain

Whitecrow Mountain may refer to
* Whitecrow Mountain (Canada) in Alberta/British Columbia
* Whitecrow Mountain (Montana) in Montana, United States
# Four Barrel Coffee

Four Barrel Coffee is a coffee roaster based in San Francisco, California, with two cafes in San Francisco. Like competitors Ritual Coffee Roasters and Blue Bottle, Four Barrel is among local, independent companies which roast their own beans, wholesale, and operate cafes. Unique among local coffeeshops, Four Barrel does not provide free Wi-Fi or power for laptops. Four Barrel opened in 2008 and was started by one of the founders of Ritual, with its first location in the Mission District. In April 2017, Benny Gold collaborated with Four Barrel Coffee to offer, limited edition commemorative product.
In January 2018 eight former employees filed suit against Four Barrel and its founder Jeremy Tooker, alleging that he sexually assaulted multiple women and created a toxic workplace culture for non male employees. The company settled the lawsuit out of court and Tooker left the company and divested his shares in it. The remaining owners were reportedly planning to rebuild the company with a 100% employee owned model. Multiple companies have ceased to carry Four Barrel product in the wake of the suit. As of seven months later the company has not made a transition to being worker owned and "will not for the foreseeable future," according to co-owners Tal Mor and Jodi Geren. They cite a lack of profitability and have pledged to begin profit sharing with employees by the end of the year, should the business stabilize.
# Garab-Yare

Ibrahim Garab-Yare was the first deputy minister of finance of Khatumo State from 2012 to 2014.
# Imbagedo

Imbagedo is a reservoir located in the Inderta woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 1998 by SAERT.

## Dam characteristics

* Dam height: 20 metres
* Dam crest length: 328 metres
* Spillway width: 20 metres

## Capacity

* Original capacity: 1 776 278 m³
* Dead storage: 360 000 m³
* Reservoir area: 36 ha
In 2002, the life expectancy of the reservoir (the duration before it is filled with sediment) was estimated at 24 years.

## Irrigation

* Designed irrigated area: 80 ha

## Environment

The catchment of the reservoir is 12.4 km² large. The reservoir suffers from rapid siltation. Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.
# Bicol narrowmouth toad

The Bicol narrowmouth toad or Catanduanes narrow-mouthed frog (Kaloula kokacii) is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found in the Bicol Peninsula and Catanduanes Island. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Sources

* 1 2 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2019). "Kaloula kokacii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T57852A58478157. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T57852A58478157.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
* This Microhylidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Berkin

Berkin is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

## Given name

* Berkin Elvan (1999–2014), Turkish victim of police brutality
* Berkin Kamil Arslan (born 1992), Turkish football player
* Berkin Usta (born 2000), Turkish Olympian alpine skier

## Surname

* Carol Berkin (born 1942), American historian and author
# Untreated Trauma

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| HipHopDX | 3.7/5 |
Untreated Trauma is the sixth studio album by American rapper Mozzy. It was released on September 17, 2021 via Mozzy Records/EMPIRE. It features guest appearances from Babyface Ray, Celly Ru, E Mozzy, EST Gee, Kalan.FrFr and YFN Lucci. The album peaked at number 19 on the US Billboard 200 chart.

## Commercial performance

In the week of October 2, 2021, Untreated Trauma debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200 with 19,500 album-equivalent units (including 10,500 in pure album sales), making it the best-selling R&B/hip-hop album for that week. The album also accumulated 11.5 million on-demand streams that same week.
Untreated Trauma also debuted at number 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and at number 9 on the Top Rap Albums, becoming Mozzy's first and second top-10 album on both charts respectively and his sixth entry overall on both charts.

## Charts

| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 19 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Top Rap Albums (Billboard) | 9 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 3 |
# Arthraerua

Arthraerua is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Arthraerua leubnitziae.
Its native range is Namibia.
# Β-Agarase

Agarase (EC 3.2.1.81, AgaA, AgaB, endo-β-agarase, agarose 3-glycanohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name agarose 4-glycanohydrolase. It is found in agarolytic bacteria and is the first enzyme in the agar catabolic pathway. It is responsible for allowing them to use agar as their primary source of carbon and enables their ability to thrive in the ocean.
Agarases are classified as either α-agarases or β-agarases based upon whether they degrade α or β linkages in agarose, breaking them into oligosaccharides. When secreted, α-agarases yield oligosaccharides with 3.6 anhydro-L-galactose at the reducing end whereas β-agarases result in D-galactose residues.

## Function in Environment

As could be expected, many species of agar-degraders are marine micro-organisms – an adaptation to their environment which would be wasted in the majority of micro-organisms existing on land (although there are such examples, including a species of Paenibacillus in the Rhizosphere of Spinach). From species within genus Vibrio to Alteromonas, the presence of agarase allows agar-degrading bacteria an abundant food source in the ocean. Research also demonstrates that glucose can inhibit extracellular agarase secretion (but not transcription), causing it to degrade within the cell and thus limit growth of the bacteria. In addition, a study of the effects of phosphate limitation on agarase shows that limiting phosphate increases both intracellular agarase production and extracellular secretion, whereas a magnesium limitation does not. This further highlights the niche which this class of bacteria usually occupies, as the concentration of glucose or phosphate in the ocean is very low while magnesium concentration is generally much higher, suiting the agar-degrading bacteria’s agarase production; there is simply no need to use glucose in the ocean, so many organisms don't.
While the optimal pH of agarase is 5.5, it is stable at a tolerant range, from 4.0 to 9.0.
# Whale Rock

Whale Rock or Submarine Rock is the smallest island in Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island. It is located in the West Passage of the bay in Narragansett, Washington County, Rhode Island, west of the Beavertail area on Conanicut Island. The island received its names because it is shaped like a whale's back or a submarine's bow. It was responsible for numerous shipwrecks prior to the construction of a lighthouse. Whale Rock Light was built on the rock in 1882; it was destroyed by the 1938 New England hurricane, which also claimed the life of keeper Walter Eberle. Part of the lighthouse's foundation can still be seen.

## References and external links

* Islands of Narragansett Bay
* Frederic Denlson, Narragansett Sea and Shore, (J.A. & R.A. Reid, Providence, RI., 1879)
* George L. Seavey, Rhode Island's Coastal Natural Areas.
41°26′37″N 71°25′25″W﻿ / ﻿41.44361°N 71.42361°W﻿ / 41.44361; -71.42361
* This Rhode Island state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Leuconitocris minor

Leuconitocris minor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1956.
# Imbaimadai

5°41′33″N 60°16′55″W﻿ / ﻿5.69252°N 60.28198°W﻿ / 5.69252; -60.28198
Imbaimadai is a community in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region of Guyana.
Imbaimadai is a mining community adjoining Amerindian lands. Imbaimadai is known for its gold, diamond and other precious mineral deposits. As of 2016, only 13 mines remained of which seven were operational. The miners wanted to open up new mines, however indigenous lands complicated the situation.
Imbaimadai is also known for its natural environment, mountains that are part of the Pakaraima range, its waterfalls and its forests.
The village is served by Imbaimadai Airport, and is situated at an elevation of 1,650 feet (500 m).
# Bilia

Bilia (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Corse-du-Sud department of France, on the island of Corsica, within its Corsican single territorial collectivity. It is part of the microregion of Bisogène, the south-western part of the Corsican region of Rocca.

## Politics and administration

Jean François Quilichini was mayor of Bilia from 1989 to March 2008, whereupon he was replaced by Michel Tramoni. Both mayors are affiliated to the French Communist Party.

## Population

In 2017, Bilia was home to 46 inhabitants.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1806 | 153 | — |
| 1821 | 215 | +40.5% |
| 1831 | 208 | −3.3% |
| 1836 | 260 | +25.0% |
| 1841 | 265 | +1.9% |
| 1846 | 234 | −11.7% |
| 1851 | 265 | +13.2% |
| 1856 | 330 | +24.5% |
| 1861 | 361 | +9.4% |
| 1866 | 295 | −18.3% |
| 1872 | 257 | −12.9% |
| 1876 | 242 | −5.8% |
| 1881 | 240 | −0.8% |
| 1886 | 227 | −5.4% |
| 1891 | 228 | +0.4% |
| 1896 | 230 | +0.9% |
| 1901 | 252 | +9.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1906 | 248 | −1.6% |
| 1911 | 245 | −1.2% |
| 1921 | 255 | +4.1% |
| 1926 | 321 | +25.9% |
| 1931 | 384 | +19.6% |
| 1936 | 352 | −8.3% |
| 1946 | 173 | −50.9% |
| 1954 | 72 | −58.4% |
| 1962 | 45 | −37.5% |
| 1968 | 58 | +28.9% |
| 1975 | 40 | −31.0% |
| 1982 | 38 | −5.0% |
| 1990 | 41 | +7.9% |
| 1999 | 40 | −2.4% |
| 2007 | 49 | +22.5% |
| 2012 | 48 | −2.0% |
| 2017 | 46 | −4.2% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE :
# World Soundtrack Awards 2001

1st World Soundtrack Awards
October 18, 2001
Best Original Soundtrack:
The 1st World Soundtrack Awards were given on 18 October 2001 in Ghent, Belgium.

## Winners

* Soundtrack Composer of the Year:
** A.I.: Artificial Intelligence – John Williams
* Best Original Soundtrack of the Year:
** Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain (Amélie) – Yann Tiersen
* Best Original Score of the Year Not Released on an Album:
** Bridget Jones's Diary – Patrick Doyle
* Best Original Song Written for a Film:
** "Come What May" – Moulin Rouge!
*** Composed by David Baerwald
* Most Creative Use of Existing Material on a Soundtrack:
** Moulin Rouge! – Baz Luhrmann, Craig Armstrong and Marius De Vries
* Public Choice Award:
** A.I.: Artificial Intelligence – John Williams
* Discovery of the Year:
** Craig Armstrong – Moulin Rouge!
* Lifetime Achievement Award:
** Elmer Bernstein
# Untrue

Untrue may refer to:
* Falsehood
* False (logic)
* Untrue (album), a 2007 album by Burial, or the title song
* "Untrue", a 2014 single by Tchami
* "Untrue", a song by Katatonia from the album Brave Yester Days
* "Untrue", a song by Coal Chamber from the album Chamber Music
* "Untrue", a 1965 song by The Missing Links
* "Untrue", a 1959 song by Rock-A-Teens
# William Hay (died 1664)

William Hay (December 1594 – 26 December 1664) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1641 and 1660.
In 1641, Hay was elected Member of Parliament for Rye in the Long Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Rye in the Second Protectorate Parliament in 1656 and in the Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659. In 1660 he was re-elected MP for Rye in the Convention Parliament.
Hay died at the age of 70.
# Gymnemopsis

Gymnemopsis is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1912. It is native to Indochina.

## Species

* Gymnemopsis calcicola Kerr - Thailand
* Gymnemopsis pierrei Costantin - Vietnam
# Applied science technology and engineering technology in Canada

In Canada, a new occupational category of "technologist" was established in the 1960s in conjunction with an emerging system of community colleges and technical institutes. It was designed to effectively bridge the gap between the increasingly theoretical nature of engineering science degrees and the predominantly practical approach of technician and trades programs. Provincial associations may certify individuals as a professional technologist (P.Tech), certified engineering technologist (C.E.T.), registered engineering technologist (R.E.T.), applied science technologist (AScT) or technologue professionel (T.P.). These provincial associations are constituent members of the Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists (CCTT), which nationally accredits technology programs across Canada through its Canadian Technology Accreditation Board (CTAB). Nationally accredited engineering technology programs range from two to three years in length, depending on province, with two-year programs leading to a C.Tech. certification and three-year programs usually leading to an AScT, CET or RET certification.
# Vented balance safety enclosure

Vented balance safety enclosures are used in pharmaceutical, chemical, biological, and toxicological laboratories to provide maximum containment for weighing operations in weighing scales.
Fume hoods, also known as laboratory chemical hoods, are one of the most important and widely used engineering controls to protect laboratory workers. Fume hoods were introduced about 100 years ago to safeguard personnel working with hazardous materials. While many changes and improvements have been made, the basic concept and design of fume hoods remains the same. Air is drawn from the workplace, around the worker and into the front of the hood, and is then exhausted out of the laboratory. Most laboratory hoods are described as constant air volume (CAV) hoods because they draw air constantly at all times. Rising energy costs have made these hoods exceptionally expensive to operate. For example, a single six-foot hood operating 24/7/365 costs over $5,000/year to operate. In addition, CAV hoods do not react rapidly to airflow disturbances (turbulence) within the hood or within the laboratory and, hence, their sole purpose of containment and protection can be seriously compromised.
To optimize the effectiveness of properly designed hoods:
* Maximize capture and containment of hazardous materials
* Use ergonomic design to enable easy use
* Conform to high performance standards
* Minimize energy consumption
* Ensure flexibility to permit quick and easy relocation
The control of hazards is more than simply enclosing the problem. What are important are how well the ventilated areas contain the hazards and suitability of the workstations for the specific tasks being performed.