OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hugh Roger III of Pallars Sobirà

Hugh Roger III de Pallars Sobirà (around 1430 – 26 November 1508) was a military leader during the Catalan Civil War and the last Count of Pallars Sobirà from 1451 to 1487 and by marriage, Baron de Ponts from 1478 to 1487.

## Biography

He was the only son of Arnau Roger IV de Pallars Sobirà and Joana de Cardona i de Prades.He was a nephew of Joan Ramon Folc III, Count of Cardona. He married Caterina, daughter of the Roussillon noble Philip d'Albert and had no legitimate children.
In 1461 he was part of the Catalan delegation that demanded from King John II of Aragon the freedom of Charles, Prince of Viana. He was also a member of the Council of the Principality, where he was in conflict with his uncle Joan Ramon Folc III, Count of Cardona and Count of Prades.
After the outbreak of the Catalan Civil War in 1462, he became supreme military leader of the Principality of Catalonia against King John II of Aragon. He fought against the Royalist Remensa, besieged Queen Juana Enríquez and Infante Ferran in the Força Vella ("old fort") of Girona and defended Barcelona. He was deputy of the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1464–67. He fell prisoner to John II in 1466, but was released in 1470 after paying a large ransom and promising to support the cause of John II. Nevertheless, he continued fighting as Captain General of the Principality until the defeat and capitulation of Pedralbes, from which he was the only person to be excluded (1472).
After the war, he maintained a campaign of continuous hostilies by Pallars and the neighboring lands from his refuge in Valencia d'Àneu with the support of King Louis XI of France. In 1475 he accepted a truce, and in 1480 he made an act of submission and obtained forgiveness for himself and his supporters, but in 1484 he took up his armed resistance again.
Cornered by his relatives and enemies, the Counts of Cardona, he had to flee in 1488, while his wife continued to resist heroically in Valencia d'Àneu, where she was besieged for three years. In 1491, all their domains passed to the Cardona's, under the name of Marquisate of Pallars.
Exiled in France, he entered the service of Charles VIII of France, and accompanied him to Naples in 1494. He was governor of Castel Nuovo in Naples, and fell prisoner to Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, the Grand Captain in 1503. After being imprisoned in this fortress, he was taken to Barcelona, and having been sentenced to life imprisonment, he was transferred to the castle of Xàtiva, where he died in 1508.
# The Singing Sword

The Singing Sword is a historical fiction novel written by Jack Whyte, first published in 1993. It is the second novel in the A Dream of Eagles series. Publishers Weekly described Whyte's approach to historical fiction as a "dirt-beneath-the nails version of the Arthurian "Camulod"" and praised it as "a top-notch Arthurian tale forged to a sharp edge in the fires of historical realism".
# Mergini

The sea ducks (Mergini) are a tribe of the duck subfamily of birds, the Anatinae. The taxonomy of this group is incomplete. Some authorities separate the group as a subfamily, while others remove some genera. Most species within the group spend their winters near coastal waters. Many species have developed specialized salt glands to allow them to tolerate salt water, but these are poorly developed in juveniles. Some of the species prefer riverine habitats. All but two of the 22 species in this group live in far northern latitudes.
The fish-eating members of this group, such as the mergansers and smew, have serrated edges to their bills to help them grip their prey and are often known as "sawbills". Other sea ducks forage by diving underwater, taking molluscs or crustaceans from the sea floor. The Mergini take on the eclipse plumage during the late summer and molt into their breeding plumage during the winter.

## Species

There are twenty-two species in ten genera:
| Genus | Living Species |
| Clangula Leach, 1819 | Long-tailed duck (formerly oldsquaw) (Clangula hyemalis) |
| Histrionicus Lesson, 1828 | Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) |
| †Camptorhynchus | †Labrador duck (Camptorhynchus labradorius) (extinct) |
| Polysticta Eyton, 1836 | Steller's eider (Polysticta stelleri) |
| Somateria Leach, 1819 | Spectacled eider (Somateria fischeri) Common eider (Somateria mollissima) King eider (Somateria spectabilis) |
| Melanitta F. Boie, 1822 | Common scoter (Melanitta nigra) Black scoter or American scoter (Melanitta americana) (sometimes considered a subspecies of M. nigra) Velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) White-winged scoter (Melanitta deglandi) (sometimes considered a subspecies of M. fusca) Stejneger's scoter (Melanitta stejnegeri) Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) |
| Bucephala S.F. Baird, 1858 | Common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Barrow's goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) |
| Mergellus Selby, 1840 | Smew (Mergellus albellus) |
| Lophodytes Reichenbach, 1853 | Hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) |
| Mergus Linnaeus, 1758 | Red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) †New Zealand merganser (Mergus australis) Common merganser or goosander (Mergus merganser) Brazilian merganser (Mergus octosetaceus) Scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus) |
Below is a phylogeny based on a mitogenomic study of the placement of the Labrador duck and the diving "goose" Chendytes lawi.
# Gálgviðr

In Norse mythology, Gálgviðr (Old Norse "gallows-wood") is a forest in Jotunheim, land of the jötnar, from which the rooster Fjalar is foretold to begin crowing during the onset of Ragnarok.
According to stanza 42 of the poem Völuspá from the Poetic Edda:
       He sat on the mound and plucked his harp
       the herdsman of the giantess, cheerful Eggther
       a rooster crowed in Gallows-wood
       that bright-red cockerel who is called Fialar
          — Larrington trans.
# Home Sweet Home (Kano album)

Home Sweet Home is the debut album by British rapper Kano. It was released on 27 June 2005 by 679 Recordings. Kano was 20 years old when the album was released. The album received highly positive reviews from music critics and peaked at number 36 on the UK Albums Chart. Six singles were released from the album— "P's and Q's", "Typical Me" featuring Ghetts, "Remember Me", "Nite Nite" featuring Leo the Lion & The Streets, "Brown Eyes" and "Signs in Life". Two of the singles, "Typical Me" and "Nite Nite", peaked within the top 30 of the UK Singles Chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 82/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Rap Reviews | (9/10) |
| BBC | (favourable) |
| Pitchfork | 8.4/10 |
The album received widespread acclaim, At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 12 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".

## Commercial performance

Home Sweet Home entered and peaked on the UK Albums Chart at number 36 on 3 July 2005. It is Kano's third highest-charting album of his career, after London Town (2007) and Made in the Manor (2016). Despite its relatively low peak, it is his highest-selling album, having reached Gold status in the UK, while the aforementioned two albums have thus far reached Silver status.

## Track listing

Sample credits
* "I Don't Know Why" contains samples from "War Pigs" by Black Sabbath.
* "Reload It" contains samples from "I Dig Love" by Asha Puthli

## Personnel

Credits for Home Sweet Home adapted from Allmusic.

## Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak position |
| UK Albums Chart | 36 |

### Certifications

| Country/provider | Certification | Sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000+ |
# Motherhead Bug

Motherhead Bug was an American folk punk band, founded in 1989 in New York City by singer and trombone player David Ouimet and bass guitarist Tony Lee.

## Band history

Ouimet had earlier founded industrial rock group Cop Shoot Cop, and Lee was a member of blues rockers Railroad Jerk.
The group was rather large, featuring three drummers, as well as string and horn sections, with accordions, xylophones and other unusual instruments featured prominently. The music is somewhat similar to Tom Waits' post-Swordfishtrombones, but also touched on music hall songs, nursery rhymes, marching bands, and earned comparisons to the Penguin Cafe Orchestra.
Motherhead Bug released only two singles and one full-length album, 1993's Zambodia, recorded by Brooklyn-based producer Martin Bisi. The album was dedicated to saxophonist Masami Shinoda. One critic described Zambodia as follows: "The instrumentation and Ouimet's theatrical vocals lend a decadent grandeur to Weill-esque numbers like 'Demon Erection' and 'My Sweet Milstar.' It may be burlesque, but it's still pretty scary stuff."

## Aftermath

The project was abandoned after Zambodia's release due to the inability to manage so many band members. Ouimet stopped writing music and focused on working on children's books, although he would occasionally appear as a guest musician. He would not work as a full-time member of a band until the release of Firewater's Get Off the Cross... album in 1996. Michele Amar's similar musical project, Sulfur, released Delirium Tremens in 1998 which was co-written by Ouimet and featured some of the same musicians that performed on Zambodia.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Date | Title | Label |
| 1993 | Zambodia | Pow Wow Records |

### Singles

| Date | Title | Label |
| 1991 | Raised By Insects...Bugview | Lungcast |
| 1992 | "Age of Dwarfs" | PCP Records |

### Compilation appearances

| Date | Title | Track | Label |
| 1992 | Mesomorph Enduros | "Blister" | Big Cat |
| 1992 | Manhattan on the Rocks | "My Sweet Milstar" | Pow Wow Records |
# Women's football in Egypt

Football in Egypt has traditionally been played by men as women were prevented from participating in sports.
Madame Sahar El Hawari is one of the innovators of Egyptian football helping form the Egypt women's national football team and then going to the women's African cup of Nations.

## National League

In 2000 a women's Egyptian league was set up.

### National Team

FIFA has assessed the Egypt women's national football team and stated that the women footballers are good but could be better technically.
Many women experience prejudice for playing the sport. However, Sarah Essam became the first Egyptian to play in Europe for Stoke City in 2017.
# HotNews

HotNews is one of the oldest and biggest Romanian news sites focused mainly on general topics, finance, politics, and current affairs. The website constantly publishes news, interviews, video documentaries, and opinion pieces.

## History

The website was founded in October 1999 by a group of financial journalists under the name RevistaPresei.ro and contained articles from outside sources put together as a press review. It was rebranded as HotNews.ro in 2005.
As of February 2019, the site has around 250,000–300,000 unique users daily, more than 3 million monthly unique visitors, and around 30 million monthly page views, according to stats measured by the Romanian BRAT/SATI.
Located in Bucharest, the company employed more than 30 journalists in 2018. Its advertising sales for 2007 stood between €600,000 and €700,000.
# The Singing Scott Brothers

The Singing Scott Brothers or at times just Scott Brothers or Scotts Bros. were a close harmony variety act in the UK, particularly active between 1949 and 1955. They were real brothers from Glasgow and the family name was Brünjes. Harry was born in 1924, Drew in 1926 and Tom in 1928.
Initially their career was in Scotland in summer shows, pantomimes and variety weeks. Subsequently, they moved south of the border with seasons at Bridlington, Scarborough, Great Yarmouth, Bournemouth and Blackpool.
The peak of their career was the Royal Variety Show in 1953 at the London Coliseum. It is only recently that old recordings have come to light including several of their radio shows. These recordings were of poor quality but have been digitally remastered for a compilation album. For the early recordings in Glasgow their father Harry Brünjes accompanied the three brothers on piano.
At the time of the CD release in 2009, Harry was 85 and lived on the Isle of Wight. Drew was 83 and was based in Glasgow and Tom was 81 and had been in Los Angeles for over fifty years. After show business, Harry became a headmaster, Drew a chemistry lecturer and Tom an electronics engineer. There were two more brothers, Eric (born 1933) and Jack (born 1937) and also two sisters Marie (born 1935) and Margaret (born 1940). Harry's son, Dr Harry Brünjes, is a physician, founder of the Premier Medical Group and chairman of English National Opera (ENO). His granddaughter is West End theatre producer Emma Brunjes.

## Discography

(selective)
* "Beggin' For Your Love"
* "Do You Want My Love?"
* "Gotta Get Away from You"
* "Life"
* "Lost Love"
* "Love Me Tenderly"
* "Memories"
* "Part of You"
# Interception (disambiguation)

An interception is the catching of a pass by a player on an opposing sports team.
Interception may also refer to:

## Law and military

* Signals intelligence, an interception of signals
* Telephone tapping, the interception of a phone call
** Lawful interception, telephone tapping by authorities

## Other uses

* Interception (water), the interception of precipitation by vegetation
* Interception, a medical term for post-coital contraception
* Tax refund interception, the forcible use of a tax refund to pay an outstanding obligation
# Gálosfa

Gálosfa is a village in Somogy county, Hungary.
# Vindsalen

Vindsalen is a mountain pass on Svenskøya in Kong Karls Land, Svalbard. It separates the mountain of Mohnhøgda from Dunérfjellet, rather north on the island, not far from the northernmost point Arnesenodden.
# Mount Mirotvortsev

Mount Mirotvortsev (71°50′S 12°17′E﻿ / ﻿71.833°S 12.283°E﻿ / -71.833; 12.283) is a mountain, 2,830 metres (9,300 ft) high, standing 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) northeast of Mount Neustruyev in the Südliche Petermann Range of the Wohlthat Mountains, Antarctica. It was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition in 1938–39, and was mapped from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60. The mountain was remapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1960–61, and named after K.N. Mirotvortsev (1880–1950), a Soviet geographer and explorer.
# Wonder Man (disambiguation)

Wonder Man is a Marvel comic book superhero.
Wonder Man may also refer to:
* Wonder Man (miniseries), an upcoming Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney+ series based on the Marvel comics character
* Wonder Man (DC Comics), three DC comic book characters
* Wonder Man (Fox Publications), a Fox Publications superhero
* The Wonder Man (film), a 1920 American film starring Georges Carpentier
* Wonder Man (film), a 1945 musical with Danny Kaye
* Wonderman (1979 film), a Finnish science-fiction comedy
* Adhisaya Manithan (lit. 'Wonder Man'), a 1990 Indian Tamil-language film
* "Wonderman" (Right Said Fred song), 1994
* "Wonderman" (Tinie Tempah song), 2011
* "The Wonderman", sarcastic sobriquet of the Count of St. Germain, an 18th century adventurer
* "The Wonder Man", Mahomet Allum, former "Afghan" cameleer who settled in Adelaide, Australia, and became known as a herbalist
# Ian Morison

Ian Morison FRAS (22 November 1943 – 13 April 2024) was a British astronomer and astrophysicist who served as the 35th Gresham Professor of Astronomy.

## Background

Ian Morison was born in Felpham, England on 22 November 1943. He attended Chichester High School before going on to study Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy at Hertford College, University of Oxford.
Morison lived in Macclesfield, England with his wife, Judy. He died on 13 April 2024, at the age of 80.

## Career and recognition
### Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics

Morison joined the University of Manchester's Jodrell Bank Observatory as a research student in 1965 before becoming a staff member in 1970. Initially working on data acquisition systems for the observatory's own instruments including the Lovell and Mk II radio telescopes, he went on to play a key role in the development of MERLIN, an array of radio telescopes with a resolution in the radio spectrum comparable to that of the Hubble Space Telescope in the optical.

### Gresham College

On 1 August 2007, Morison was appointed as the 35th Gresham Professor of Astronomy, a position previously held by Christopher Wren. He followed John D. Barrow and preceded Carolin Crawford. In this role he delivered a series of 25 public lectures on astronomy and astrophysics. The four-year period of Gresham Professorship came to an end in August 2011.

### Association with Astronomical Societies

Morison was a founding member and patron of Macclesfield Astronomical Society. He was a former council member and president of the Society for Popular Astronomy and patron of Ewell Astronomical Society.
Ian was a popular speaker at many astronomical societies, speaking about the history of the Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank, and also about how amateur astronomers can get started with astrophotography.

### Asteroid

Main belt asteroid 15727 Ianmorison was named after Morison.

## Journals

* Davis, R. J.; et al. (1975). "Observations of A0620—00 at 962 and 151 MHz". Nature. 257 (5528): 659. Bibcode:1975Natur.257..659D. doi:10.1038/257659a0. S2CID 4201966.
* Davies, J. G.; et al. (1980). "The Jodrell Bank radio-linked interferometer network". Nature. 288 (5786): 64–66. Bibcode:1980Natur.288...64D. doi:10.1038/288064a0. S2CID 4338231.
* Lonsdale, C. J.; Morison, I (1980). "Rotationally symmetric structure in two extragalactic radio sources". Nature. 288 (5786): 66–69. Bibcode:1980Natur.288...66L. doi:10.1038/288066a0. S2CID 4254975.
* Lyne, A. G.; Morison, I (2017). "The Lovell Telescope and its role in pulsar astronomy". Nature Astronomy. Volume 1 835–840
# Vera Chapman

Vera Chapman (8 May 1898 – 14 May 1996), also known as Vera Ivy May Fogerty, and within the Tolkien Society as Belladonna Took, was a British author and founder of the Tolkien Society in the United Kingdom, and also wrote a number of pseudo-historical and Arthurian books. She held the title of Pendragon of The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids from 1964 to 1991.

## Life

Chapman was born in Bournemouth, England on 8 May 1898 and lived in South Africa until she went to Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford where she was one of the first women to matriculate as a full member of Oxford University. In 1969, she founded the Tolkien Society in Britain of which she was the first secretary. She persuaded J. R. R. Tolkien to become the Society's honorary president in June 1972.
In 1975, Chapman, then aged 77, saw her first novel published, and she continued writing until her death in 1996. She wrote three fantasy novels based on Arthurian legend: The Green Knight (1975), King Arthur's Daughter (1976), and The King's Damosel (1976) These were later gathered together in an omnibus edition under the title The Three Damosels (1978).

## Works
### Novels

* The Green Knight (1975) ISBN 0-901720-63-1 (UK edition)
* King Arthur's Daughter (1976) ISBN 0-86036-012-1 (UK ed.)
* The King's Damosel (1976) ISBN 0-86036-018-0 (UK ed.) – basis for the Warner Bros. animated movie Quest for Camelot
* Judy and Julia (1977) ISBN 0-86036-020-2 (UK ed.)
* Blaedud the Birdman (1978) ISBN 0-86036-080-6 (UK ed.)
* The Three Damosels (1978) ISBN 0-417-02650-1 (UK ed.)
* The Wife of Bath (1978) ISBN 0-86036-057-1 (UK ed.) – an adaptation of Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Tale"
* Miranty and the Alchemist (1983) ISBN 0-233-98042-3 (UK ed.)
* The Enchantresses (1998), by Chapman and Mike Ashley ISBN 0-575-06524-9 (UK ed.)

### Omnibus

* The Three Damosels (1978) ISBN 0-575-06340-8 (UK ed.)

### Collections

* The Notorious Abbess (1993) ISBN 0-89733-387-X (US ed.)

### Short stories

* "Crusader Damosel" (1978); in the 1978 anthology The Fantastic Imagination II, edited by Robert H. Boyer & Kenneth J. Zahorski
* "The Thread" (1980); in the 1980 anthology The Phoenix Tree, edited by Robert H. Boyer & Kenneth J. Zahorski
* "A Sword for Arthur" (1995); in the 1995 anthology The Merlin Chronicles
* “Belladonna by Belladonna” parts 1-4 (1985-87); in ‘’Weathertop Magazine 3-5’’, edited by Denis Bridoux
# Wyszmontów

Wyszmontów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ożarów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Ożarów, 18 km (11 mi) east of Opatów, and 74 km (46 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.
# Interception Modernisation Programme

The Interception Modernisation Programme (IMP) was a UK government initiative to extend the government's capabilities for lawful interception and storage of communications data. It was widely reported that the IMP's eventual goal was to store details of all UK communications data in a central database.
The proposal was similar to the NSA Call Database (MAINWAY) established by GCHQ's American counterpart NSA and the Titan traffic database established by the Swedish National Defence Radio Establishment.
In 2008 plans were being made to collect data on all phone calls, emails, chatroom discussions and web-browsing habits as part of the IMP, thought likely to require the insertion of 'thousands' of black box probes into the country's computer and telephone networks. The proposals were expected to be included in the Communications Data Bill 2008. The "giant database" would include telephone numbers dialled, the websites visited and addresses to which e-mails are sent "but not the content of e-mails or telephone conversations." Chris Huhne, the Liberal Democrat Home affairs spokesman said: "The government's Orwellian plans for a vast database of our private communications are deeply worrying." Despite this, the Home Office denied reports that a prototype of the IMP had already been built.
Reports in April 2009 suggested that the government had changed its public stance to one of using legal measures to compel communications providers to store the data themselves, and making it available for government to access; then Home Secretary Jacqui Smith stated that "there are absolutely no plans for a single central store."
The new plans were thought to involve spending £2bn on paying ISPs to install deep packet inspection equipment within their own networks, and obliging them to perform the cross-correlation and profiling of their users' behaviour themselves, in effect achieving the original goals of the IMP by different means.
A detailed analysis was published by the Policy Engagement Network of the London School of Economics on 16 June 2009. The All Party Privacy Group held a hearing on IMP in the House of Commons on 1 July 2009.
In 2010 the new coalition government apparently revived the IMP in its Strategic Defence and Security Review. The new version of the IMP was known as the Communications Capabilities Development Programme.
# Gáldar

Gáldar is a town and a Spanish municipality in the north of the island of Gran Canaria in the Province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands. Its population is 24,227 (2013), and the area is 61.59 km$^2$ (23.78 sq mi).
The town Gáldar is situated at the foot of the mountains, 2 km from the coast and 21 km (13 mi) west of Las Palmas. The GC-2 motorway passes south of the town. The municipality includes the settlements Puerto de Sardina, San Isidro, Los Quintanas, Barrial and Marmolejos. The main church is dedicated to Saint James.
It holds the Painted cave, a major archaeological site consisting of a remarkable painted cave and an entire pre-Hispanic village visited yearly by over 50,000 people.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1991 | 20,656 | — |
| 1996 | 21,704 | +5.1% |
| 2001 | 22,154 | +2.1% |
| 2002 | 22,677 | +2.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2003 | 22,763 | +0.4% |
| 2004 | 22,922 | +0.7% |
| 2011 | 24,361 | +6.3% |
| 2013 | 24,227 | −0.6% |

## Gallery

* Gáldar from space
* Gáldar from space
* Gáldar
* Gáldar - Calle Capitan Quesada