OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# II Corps (South Vietnam)

The II Corps (Vietnamese: Quân đoàn II) was a corps of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975. It was one of four corps in the ARVN, and it oversaw the central highlands region, north of the capital Saigon. Its corps headquarters was in the mountain town of Pleiku.
II Corps became operational in April 1958.
One notable ARVN unit of II Corps, the 3d Armored Cavalry Squadron, earned the Presidential Unit Citation (United States).
The 21st Tank Regiment was formed at Pleiku in 1972.

## 1972 Easter Offensive

The objective of the North Vietnamese forces during the third phase of the Nguyen Hue Offensive was to seize the cities of Kon Tum and Pleiku, thereby overrunning the Central Highlands. This would then open the possibility of proceeding east to the coastal plains, splitting South Vietnam in two. The highlands offensive was preceded by NLF diversionary operations that opened on 5 April in coastal Bình Định Province, which aimed at closing Highway 1, seizing several ARVN firebases, and diverting South Vietnamese forces from operations further west. The North Vietnamese were under the command of Lieutenant General Hoang Minh Thao, commander of the B-3 Front. The Front included the 320th and 2nd PAVN Divisions in the highlands and the 3rd PAVN Division in the lowlands – approximately 50,000 men.
Arrayed against them in II Corps were the South Vietnamese 22nd and 23rd Divisions, two armored cavalry squadrons, and the 2nd Airborne Brigade, all under the command of Lieutenant General Ngo Du. It had become evident as early as January that the North Vietnamese were building up for offensive operations in the tri-border region and numerous B-52 strikes had been conducted in the area in hopes of slowing the build-up. ARVN forces had also been deployed forward toward the border in order to slow the PAVN advance and allow the application of airpower to deplete North Vietnamese manpower and logistics. The Bình Định offensive, however, threw General Du into a panic and almost convinced him to fall for the North Vietnamese ploy and divert his forces from the highlands.

## Divisions

* 22nd Infantry Division
* 23rd Infantry Division
# Michael Ndiko

Michael Ndiko (born 28 November 1977) is a former Ugandan international cricketer who represented the Ugandan national team between 2004 and 2013. He played as a right-handed opening batsman.
Ndiko made his debut for Uganda in a 2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup game against Namibia, which held first-class status. Opening the batting with Benjamin Musoke, he had the distinction of facing Uganda's first ball in first-class cricket, and was also the first to be dismissed (run out by Louis Burger for 23). Ndiko was retained for Uganda's second and final Intercontinental Cup match of 2004, against Kenya, and made a third first-class appearance in the tournament's 2005 edition (also against Kenya). After that, he did not reappear for the national team for over eight years, eventually returning to the Ugandan squad for the 2013 World Cricket League Division Three tournament in Bermuda. He played in only one match, however, scoring seven runs opening the batting with Arthur Kyobe against Oman.
# Fred Bunjo

Fred Bunjo (born 14 March 1965) is a Ugandan weightlifter. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Thomas Wade

Thomas Wade may refer to:

## Thomas Wade

* Thomas Wade, a fictional officer, industrial leader and Swordholder contender in Liu Cixin's Death's End (2010).
* Thomas Wade, character in 3 Body Problem (TV series)
* Thomas Wade (Methodist), Irish Methodist
* Thomas Wade (North Carolina politician) (1720–1786), Revolutionary War officer and politician from North Carolina
* Thomas Wade (singer) (born 1961), Canadian country music artist
* Thomas Wade (writer) (1805–1875), English poet and dramatist
* Thomas Francis Wade (1818–1895), British diplomat and Sinologist
* Thomas James Wade (1893–1969), Roman Catholic bishop
* Thomas M. Wade (1860–1929), educator, politician, and civic leader from Louisiana

## Tom Wade

* Tom Wade (footballer) (1909–?), English footballer
* Tom Wade (cricketer) (1910–1987), English cricketer

## Tommy Wade

* Tommy Wade (born 1942), American football player
* Tommy Wade (Australian footballer) (1894–1939), Australian rules footballer
# Fumed silica

Fumed silica (CAS number 7631-86-9, also 112945-52-5), also known as pyrogenic silica because it is produced in a flame, consists of microscopic droplets of amorphous silica fused into branched, chainlike, three-dimensional secondary particles which then agglomerate into tertiary particles. The resulting powder has an extremely low bulk density and high surface area. Its three-dimensional structure results in viscosity-increasing, thixotropic behavior when used as a thickener or reinforcing filler.

## Properties

Fumed silica has a very strong thickening effect. Primary particle size is 5–50 nm. The particles are non-porous and have a surface area of 50–600 m$^2$/g. The density is 160–190 kg/m$^3$.

## Production

Fumed silica is made from flame pyrolysis of silicon tetrachloride or from quartz sand vaporized in a 3000 °C electric arc. Major global producers are Evonik (who sells it under the name Aerosil), Cabot Corporation (Cab-O-Sil), Wacker Chemie (HDK), Dow Corning, Heraeus (Zandosil), Tokuyama Corporation (Reolosil), OCI (Konasil), Orisil (Orisil) and Xunyuchem(XYSIL).

## Applications

Fumed silica serves as a universal thickening agent and an anticaking agent (free-flow agent) in powders. Like silica gel, it serves as a desiccant. It is used in cosmetics for its light-diffusing properties. It is used as a light abrasive, in products like toothpaste. Other uses include filler in silicone elastomer and viscosity adjustment in paints, coatings, printing inks, adhesives and unsaturated polyester resins. Fumed silica readily forms a network structure within bitumen and enhances its elasticity.

## Health issues

Fumed silica is not listed as a carcinogen by OSHA, IARC, or NTP. Due to its fineness and thinness, fumed silica can easily become airborne, making it an inhalation hazard capable of causing irritation.
# Mazal Holocaust Collection

The Mazal Holocaust Collection is a Holocaust-related archive at the University of Colorado Boulder in Boulder, Colorado, U.S.

## Content

The Mazal Holocaust Collection is the largest privately owned Holocaust-related archive in the world. It comprises 500,000 items, including 20,000 books. Some of its items include aerial photographs of the Auschwitz concentration camp and transcripts of the Nuremberg Trials. Additionally, it includes old copies of Der Stürmer, books of Holocaust denial, and material published by the American Nazi Party in the 1930s. As of March 2015, the full extent of the collection was unknown.

## History

The collection was established by Harry W. Mazal, a businessman of Turkish-Jewish descent who was born in Mexico City, Mexico, and subsequently lived in San Antonio, Texas. Mazal only found out he was Jewish as a teenager, and he began collecting documents related to the Holocaust then. His primary aim was to counter the discourse of Holocaust deniers. In 2011, Mazal discovered one of his employees was stealing and selling some of his collection; the thief was sentenced to eight years in prison in 2014.
With the help of Professor David Shneer, it has been based at the University of Colorado Boulder since January 2014. Students act as volunteers to categorize and digitalize the collection.
# Bern Physiologus

The Bern Physiologus (Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Codex Bongarsianus 318) is a 9th-century illuminated copy of the Latin translation of the Physiologus. It was probably produced at Reims about 825–850. It is believed to be a copy of a 5th-century manuscript. Many of its miniatures are set, unframed, into the text block, which was a characteristic of late-antique manuscripts. It is one of the oldest extant illustrated copies of the Physiologus.
# Grand Theater (Norfolk, Nebraska)

The Grand Theater in Norfolk in Madison County, Nebraska was built in 1920, had a seating capacity of 1,081, and cost about $80,000 to construct. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
It was the city of Norfolk's first purpose-built movie theater when constructed in 1920.
The theater was closed during 1930–34, perhaps as result of the 1927 opening of the opulent Granada Theater, with an auditorium seating 1,100.
The theater was available for sale in February 2017.
# Gafa

Gafa or GAFA may refer to:
* Geometric and Functional Analysis (journal), a mathematical journal
* Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, a Chinese national university
* GAFA (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple), an abbreviation for four Big Tech companies

## Names

* Gafa, a diminutive of the Russian female first name Agafa
* Gafa, a diminutive of the Russian male first name Agafon
* Gafa, a diminutive of the Russian male first name Agafonik

## People

* Jordan Gafa (born 1990), American soccer player
* Lorenzo Gafà (1638–1703), Maltese architect, brother of Melchiorre
* Melchiorre Gafà or Melchiorre Cafà (1636–1667), Maltese sculptor, brother of Lorenzo
* Matt Gafa (born 1978), Australian rules footballer

## Places

* Great Australian Fuck-All, a colloquial term for the Outback of Australia
# Iris filifolia

Iris filifolia is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Xiphium. It is a bulbous perennial from North Africa and Europe. It has thin leaves, summer flowers in shades of red-purple.

## Description

It has 3 mm wide leaves, which appear in the autumn. It normally reaches a height of 10-16 inches (or 25–40 cm). But can reach up to 45 cm tall. It flowers between March and June. Normally more than 2 flowers per stem. When the flowering shoot comes out of the ground it is covered in a purple or white blotched sheath. These then open up to revel red-purple flowers with orange spots, or yellow stripe on the falls.

### Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. It has a chromosome count: 2n=32.

## Taxonomy

Its name means 'thread-leaved iris'.
In Gibraltar, it is also known as the 'Narrow-leaved Purple Iris'.
It is often mistakenly called 'Spanish Iris'. The Spanish Iris is Iris xiphium.
In 1842, it was first described by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Voyage botanique en Espagne' Vol 2, on page 602. Dykes notes that this description is incorrect. It was also described in Curtis's Botanical Magazine No.5929 as 'Xiphion filifolium'.
It was recorded in the Catalogue of Life in 2011, and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, and updated on 14 November 2005.

## Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of North Africa and Europe.

### Range

It was found originally on Sierra de Mijas, and Sierra Bermeja in Spain, at 3,000–4,000 ft (910–1,220 m) above sea level.
It is found within Africa, in Morocco, (near Tangier,) and within Europe, in Southwestern Spain, and in Gibraltar.

### Habitat

Iris filifolia likes to grow in sandy areas.

## Cultivation

It is best grown in a bulb frame in the UK.
It is known to be toxic like other bulbs in the genus.

## Cultivars

Several known cultivars are;
* 'A. Bloemaard' (dark blue)
* 'Filifolia'
* 'Filifolia Alba'
* 'Filifolia Elizabeth'
* 'Filifolia Imperator'
* 'Filifolia Praecox'
* 'Latifolia'
* 'Queen Of Gazelles'
* 'Rex'

## Hybrids

* Iris filifolia var. latifolia (Foster) wide leaved variant
* Iris filifolia var. filifolia (Boiss) and thread-like leaved variant,
# Vladimer Aptsiauri

Vladimer Aptsiauri (4 February 1962 – 14 May 2012) was a Soviet fencer. He won a gold medal in the team foil event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Gmina Rościszewo

Gmina Rościszewo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Rościszewo, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Sierpc and 112 km (69 mi) north-west of Warsaw
The gmina covers an area of 115.08 square kilometres (44.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,216.

## Villages

Gmina Rościszewo contains the villages and settlements of Babiec Piaseczny, Babiec Rżały, Babiec-Więczanki, Borowo, Bryski, Komorowo, Kownatka, Kuski, Lipniki, Łukomie, Łukomie-Kolonia, Nowe Rościszewo, Nowy Zamość, Ostrów, Pianki, Polik, Puszcza, Rościszewo, Rumunki-Chwały, Rzeszotary-Chwały, Rzeszotary-Gortaty, Rzeszotary-Pszczele, Rzeszotary-Stara Wieś, Rzeszotary-Zawady, Śniedzanowo, Stopin, Topiąca, Września and Zamość.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Rościszewo is bordered by the town of Sierpc and by the gminas of Bieżuń, Lutocin, Sierpc, Skrwilno, Szczutowo and Zawidz.
# Fumesua

Fumesua is a town in Ghana. It is 15 kilometres from the centre Kumasi. It is a dormitory town. It serves mainly as a residential areas for workers in various companies in Kumasi. The town also host the Building and Road Research Institute of Ghana.

## Boundaries

The town is bordered on the south by Ejisu, to the west by Anwomaso, to the north by Kentinkrono and to the east by Oduom.
# Itaguaçu

Itaguaçu is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Its population was 14,023 (2020) and its area is 532 square kilometres (205 sq mi). Itaguaçu has a population density of 26.6 per square kilometer. Itaguaçu has three districts: Itaimbé, Palmeira and Itaçu.

## Origin of the name

The name of the municipality is of Tupi origin: ita, meaning "rock", and guaçu, meaning "large".

## Geography

Itaguaçu is characterized by several rocky peaks, including Pedra Paulista at 600 metres (2,000 ft), Pico do Caparaó at 850 metres (2,790 ft), Pedra do Barro Preto, the symbol of the municipality, and several others. Several waterfalls dot the town, notably the Cachoeira do Christófari. Itaguaçu borders the municipalities of Baixo Guandu to the northeast, Colatina to the north, São Roque do Canaã to the east, Itarana to the south, Laranja da Terra to the southeast, and Santa Teresa to the southeast.

## History

Itaguaçu was first colonized in the second half of the 14th century by Francisco da Silva Coutinho, Antônio Gonçalves Ferreira, Major José Vieira de Carvalho and José Teodoro de Andrade. The first settlement was on the Santa Joana River, and also called Santa Joana. It was later known as Boa Família and finally as Itaguaçu.
A later wave of settlement came with the Italian immigration to Brazil of the late 19th century. Several families from San Cassiano de Treviso in the Italian province of Treviso. They worked for another native of Treviso in Santa Catarina for three years before twelve families moved to Boa Família in 1882.

## Noted places

The Church of Matriz Nossa Senhora Medianeira de todas as Graças was built in the seat of the municipality in 1953. It was built in the Gothic Revival style with twin spires that rise to 48 metres (157 ft). The Lutheran Church of Palmeira de Santa Joana (Templo de Palmeira de Santa Joana), located in the Palmeira district, was built in 1902. It is built in a style typical of Lutheran churches in the region with one tower and three bells.
# Gemauerter Stein

Gemauerter Stein is a mountain of Saxony, southeastern Germany.
50°35′N 12°41′E﻿ / ﻿50.583°N 12.683°E﻿ / 50.583; 12.683
* This Saxony location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Beretta AS70/90

The Beretta AS70/90 was a light machine gun or squad automatic weapon derived from the Beretta AR70/90 rifle system. It used the same gas operated, rotating bolt system as the rifle but fired from an open bolt and had a much heavier fixed barrel.
There were some minor cosmetic changes from the rifle, including an enhanced front hand grip and enlarged handguard around the barrel. The stock was modified slightly to support the shooter's shoulder and provides a grip for the support hand.
The carrying handle was removable and its mounting can be used for a variety of optics.
The AS70/90 light machine gun had been introduced by Beretta as a response to the requests of the Italian Army, which by the time (the late 1980s) was looking for a more compact and handy squad automatic weapon to replace in this role the MG-42/59 (Italian license-made version of the German Rheinmetall MG3 machine-gun). The AS70/90 anyway never passed well the extremely stringent trial tests it underwent by the Alpini troops of the Italian Army. The open bolt working system made this gun more sensitive to the penetration of dirt and other elements which caused frequent jamming and malfunctions. Furthermore, the AS70/90 fed only by STANAG magazines; and although this includes the possibility of using the high-capacity (100-rounds) Beta C-Mag, this was still too little for the necessity of the Italian Armed Forces, who wanted a belt-fed weapon with magazine-feeding possibility as an emergency optional. As a result, the AS70/90 was discarded, the FN MINIMI light machine-gun being adopted instead (and being since manufactured under license in Italy by Beretta). The AS70/90 never interested any other customer, and quickly went out of the Beretta Defence/Police catalogues. The very few samples manufactured are today in the hands of Beretta itself and of the Italian Armed Forces, which make no use of it.
# Aulacomnium turgidum

Aulacomnium turgidum, commonly called swollen thread-moss or mountain groove-moss, is a species of moss in the family Aulacomniaceae. It is found in the United States, Canada, Russia, Greenland, Norway and Scotland. It was extirpated from England in 1878 and has not reestablished since.
The shoots are up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) tall, with scales blunt, concave, 2.5 to 3 millimeters long and densely overlapping, which gives the shoots a swollen, turgid appearance. It is visually similar to the circumboreal ribbed bog moss (Aulacomnium palustre).
Aulacomnium turgidum grows on alkaline substrates in open habitats on ledges and crags, often in alpine environments.
# Gafait

Gafait is a town in Jerada Province, Oriental, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 2654.
# Iris domestica

Iris domestica, commonly known as leopard lily, blackberry lily, and leopard flower, is an ornamental plant in the family Iridaceae. In 2005, based on molecular DNA sequence evidence, Belamcanda chinensis, the sole species in the genus Belamcanda, was transferred to the genus Iris and renamed Iris domestica.

## Description

A perennial herb, I. domestica may grow to a height of 0.6–1 metre (2 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in), with its rhizomes in shallow ground, extending horizontally. It has 3-5-stems and 8–14 leaves per stem growing in a fan, with flowers ascending proximally having orange-red scattered spots of darker pigment, blooming during summer. The seed pods open in the fall, showing clusters of black, shiny seeds whose resemblance to those of a blackberry gives the plant its common name, "blackberry lily". The plant is hardy to USDA plant hardiness zone 5 and is propagated by seeds or division.
In the wild, it grows in grasslands, pastures, forest clearings, meadows, and mountainous regions or shrublands. Although it has escaped cultivation in many regions, it is not considered to have potential as an invasive species.

## Synonyms

Its synonyms are Epidendrum domesticum L., Vanilla domestica (L.) Druce, Belamcanda punctata Moench, Gemmingia chinensis (L.) Kuntze, Ixia chinensis L., Morea chinensis, and Pardanthus chinensis Ker Gawl.)
* Flower petals
* Seed pod
* Seed pod

## Distribution

The plant is native to Eastern Asia and has been cultivated worldwide in subtropical and temperate climates. Due to the ornamental value of its attractive flowers, the plant was distributed to Europe as early as the 18th century and the United States and Caribbean countries in the 19th century.

## Uses

I. domestica is a common ornamental plant in private and public gardens, zoos, and floral displays. Its flowers provide nectar and pollen to insects and birds. The plant has been used in traditional medicine.
# Support the Miners

Support the Miners is a single released by American drummer Keith LeBlanc under the moniker The Enemy Within, released in October 1984 on Rough Trade Records. Similar to the re-issuing of No Sell Out the same year, Support the Miners was released to aid the miners strike in Great Britain, with the proceeds going to the "Miners Solidarity Fund". "Strike" features voice samples of Arthur Scargill, a trade unionist and former president of the National Union of Mineworkers.

## Accolades

| Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank |
| The Face | United Kingdom | Singles of the Year | 1984 | 59 |

## Formats and track listing

All songs written by Keith LeBlanc

### UK 7" single (RT 151)

* "Strike" – 3:39
* "Strike" (general mix) – 3:54

## Personnel

Adapted from the Support the Miners liner notes.
* Keith LeBlanc – producer
* Adrian Sherwood – producer

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| UK Indie Chart | 2 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United Kingdom | 1984 | Rough Trade | LP | RT 151 |
# Gmina Rudnik, Silesian Voivodeship

Gmina Rudnik is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Rudnik, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Racibórz and 60 km (37 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.
The gmina covers an area of 73.94 square kilometres (28.5 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 5,188.

## Villages

Gmina Rudnik contains the villages and settlements of Brzeźnica, Czerwięcice, Dolędzin, Gacki, Gamów, Grzegorzowice, Jastrzębie, Kolonia Strzybnik, Lasaki, Ligota Książęca, Łubowice, Modzurów, Ponięcice, Rudnik, Sławienko, Sławików, Strzybniczek, Strzybnik and Szonowice.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Rudnik is bordered by the town of Racibórz and by the gminas of Baborów, Cisek, Kuźnia Raciborska, Nędza, Pietrowice Wielkie and Polska Cerekiew.

## Gallery

* Memorial in Łubowice
* Palace in Modzurów
* Road in Ligota Książęca
# Isotope electrochemistry

Isotope electrochemistry is a field within electrochemistry concerned with various topics like electrochemical separation of isotopes, electrochemical estimation of isotopic exchange equilibrium constants, electrochemical kinetic isotope effect, electrochemical isotope sensors, etc.
It is an active domain of investigation. It overlaps with many other domains of both theoretical and practical importance like nuclear engineering, radiochemistry, electrochemical technology, geochemistry, sensors and instrumentation.
# Ministry for Public Investments (Serbia)

Ministry for Public Investments (Serbian Cyrillic: Министарство за јавна улагања, romanized: Ministarstvo za javna ulaganja) is a ministry in the government of Serbia, created by a vote of the National Assembly of Serbia on 22 October 2022. Marko Blagojević was its minister from 26 October 2022, when the third cabinet of Ana Brnabić was sworn in. On 2 May 2024, Darko Glišić became the minister.

## History

The ministry for public investments is the direct successor of the office for public investment management which was also handled by Marko Blagojević.

## List of ministers

| No. | Portrait | Minister | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Cabinet |
| 1 | | Blagojević, MarkoMarko Blagojević (born 1974) | 26 October 2022 | 2 May 2024 | 1 year, 189 days | Independent | Brnabić (III) |
| 2 | | Glisic, DarkoDarko Glišić (born 1973) | 2 May 2024 | Incumbent | 158 days | SNS | Miloš Vučević (I) |
# UGC 2140

UGC 2140 is an irregular galaxy in the constellation Aries. It was thought to be a compact group of galaxies, catalogued as HCG 18, but in 1999 the object was found to be a single galaxy with multiple star-forming regions.
# Granite City Railway

The Granite City Railway was a street railway that ran in St. Cloud and Sauk Rapids, Minnesota.
# Yarou

Yarou is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Mouphtaou Yarou (born 1990), Beninese basketball player
* Nabil Yarou (born 1993), Beninese footballer