OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Henry Tupling

George Henry Tupling FRHistS (1883 – 1962) was a British historian who was Vice-President of the Chetham Society and President and Editor of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society.

## Life

Tupling was educated at the University of London gaining a Bachelors BSc(Econ) degree then proceeded to MA and PhD. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. He was one of the first to apply modern approaches to the study of local economic history in his Economic History of Rossendale (1927).
He was a Member of the Chetham Society, elected as Council Member in 1934 and then Vice-President in 1938 and later a Member of Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society from 1960. He was also involved in the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, being a Council Member from 1933 to 1961, twice Editor (1934–8 and 1949–54), President (1946–9) and Vice-President (1949–61).

## Select bibliography

* The Economic History of Rossendale, Chetham Society, New Series, 86 (1927).
* “The Royal and Seignorial Bailiffs of Lancashire in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries”, Chetham Miscellanies VIII, Chetham Society, New Series, 109 (1945).
* South Lancashire in the reign of Edward II: As illustrated by the pleas at Wigan recorded in Coram Rege roll no. 254, Chetham Society, Third Series, 1 (1949).
# Bouchart

Bouchart is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Armand Bouchart (fl. 1190s), Knight Templar
* Natacha Bouchart (born 1963), French politician
# Valea Buciumanilor

The Valea Buciumanilor is a left tributary of the river Abrud in Romania. It flows into the Abrud in Bucium-Sat. Its length is 15 km (9.3 mi) and its basin size is 51 km$^2$ (20 sq mi).
# The Cult of Snap!

The Cult of Snap! is a compilation album from German Eurodance group Snap!.
Following Plaything's remixed version of their single "Do You See The Light" in 2002, Snap! re-worked and re-mixed their singles with various artists', leading the release of the album, "The Cult of Snap!" in 2003. Three additional singles were released; "Rhythm Is a Dancer (2003)", "The Power (Of Bhangra)" and "Ooops Up (2003)" and all charted in Germany.
The album peaked at #5 in Norway.

## Reviews

Andy Kellman of AllMusic gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, saying; "Unless you haven't been paying attention (which would be understandable), you know that Snap!'s core hits -- "The Power," "Rhythm Is a Dancer," "Ooops Up!," "Mary Had a Little Boy"—have been run through just about every kind of club remix you can imagine. Downtempo, bhangra, trance, filter house, and several other stylistic trends from the past decade have had their way with Snap!, and the results are of interest only to those who really love the group. This German release collects well over a dozen of those remixes and adds a bonus disc containing the original versions, doubling as a greatest-hits set."
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

* "The Power Of Bhangra" Snap! vs. Motivo (3:25)
* "Ooops Up" Snap! vs. DJ Tomekk (3:32)
* "Mary Had a Little Boy" Snap! vs. Milky & 2NF (3:24)
* "The World in My Hands"Snap! vs. Fu-Tourist (4:33)
* "Exterminate" Snap! vs. Naidoo (4:19)
* "Colour of Love" Snap! vs. Chris Zippel (6:58)
* "Cult of Snap" Snap! vs. Roy Malone (5:38)
* "Rhythm Is A Dancer (2003)" Snap! vs. CJ Stone (3:18)
* "When You're Near" Snap! vs. Twin (4:40)
* "Do You See The Light?" Snap! vs. Plaything (4:28)
* "Rame" Snap! vs. Ron Van Kroonenburg (4:43)
* "Green Grass Grows" Snap! vs. Martin Eyerer (4:11)
* "The First the Last Eternity (Till the End)" Snap! vs. Tom Novy (4:02)
* "Welcome To Tomorrow" Snap! vs. Fragma (3:44)
* "Angel (Rays Of Love)" Snap! (6:21)

### Bonus disc (The Originals)

* "Rhythm Is A Dancer" (Video Version) (3:42)
* "The Power" (7" Version) (3:47)
* "Mary Had A Little Boy" (3:41)
* "Ooops Up" (4:01)
* "Cult Of Snap" (3:59)
* "Colour Of Love" (Massive Version) (4:11)
* "Exterminate" (4:16)
* "Do You See The Light? (Looking For)" (Radio Edit) (4:10)
* "The First the Last Eternity (Till the End)" (3:53)
* "Believe The Hype" (4:49)
* "The Power" (Jungle Fever Remix '90) (6:01)

## Charts

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 59 |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 23 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 43 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 5 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 47 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 26 |
# Idea Jalsa

Idea Jalsa is a music reality series on Indian classical music aired on Zee TV. It is hosted by TV anchor Durga Jasraj and Annu Kapoor.

## History

Idea Jalsa a brainchild of Durga Jasraj and Vikram Shankar, started on 17 February 2006, inaugurated by the late President of Indian, Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam. In 2008, idea jalsa became a morning music show on Doorddarshan. In 2011, Zee TV picked up the series, and in 2012, Zee TV USA picked up the series and is now aired in 165 countries.

## The Show

Idea Jalsa is a national platform for talented youngsters, who get an opportunity to interact and share the stage with maestros and facilities for advance training. The show was organised across India by holding concerts in 12 cities.
It was also aired on regional channels of Doordarshan after its success.

## Episodes

* Episode 1: Shivkumar Sharma
* Episode 2: Munnawar Masoom & Mohd. Vakil
* Episode 3: Shankar Mahadevan
* Episode 211: Jagjit Singh
# Indzhe Voivoda (village)

Indzhe Voivoda is a village in Sozopol Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.
# Marasmarcha pulcher

Marasmarcha pulcher is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Iran and Afghanistan.
The wingspan is 20–22 mm.
# Truncated great icosahedron

Truncated great icosahedron :
| Type | Uniform star polyhedron |
| Elements | F = 32, E = 90 V = 60 (χ = 2) |
| Faces by sides | 12{5/2}+20{6} |
| Coxeter diagram | |
| Wythoff symbol | 2 5/2 | 3 2 5/3 | 3 |
| Symmetry group | I$_h$, [5,3], *532 |
| Index references | U$_{55}$, C$_{71}$, W$_{95}$ |
| Dual polyhedron | Great stellapentakis dodecahedron |
| Vertex figure | 6.6.5/2 |
| Bowers acronym | Tiggy |
In geometry, the truncated great icosahedron (or great truncated icosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U$_{55}$. It has 32 faces (12 pentagrams and 20 hexagons), 90 edges, and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t{3,5⁄2} or t$_{0,1}${3,5⁄2} as a truncated great icosahedron.

## Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated great icosahedron centered at the origin are all the even permutations of
${\begin{array}{crccc}{\Bigl&\pm \,1,&0,&\pm \,{\frac {3}{\varphi }}&{\Bigr )}\\{\Bigl&\pm \,2,&\pm \,{\frac {1}{\varphi }},&\pm \,{\frac {1}{\varphi ^{3}}}&{\Bigr )}\\{\Bigl&\pm {\bigl1+{\frac {1}{\varphi ^{2}}}{\bigr ]},&\pm \,1,&\pm \,{\frac {2}{\varphi }}&{\Bigr )}\end{array}}$
where $\varphi ={\tfrac {1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}$ is the golden ratio. Using ${\tfrac {1}{\varphi ^{2}}}=1-{\tfrac {1}{\varphi }}$ one verifies that all vertices are on a sphere, centered at the origin, with the radius squared equal to $10-{\tfrac {9}{\varphi }}.$ The edges have length 2.

## Related polyhedra

This polyhedron is the truncation of the great icosahedron:
The truncated great stellated dodecahedron is a degenerate polyhedron, with 20 triangular faces from the truncated vertices, and 12 (hidden) pentagonal faces as truncations of the original pentagram faces, the latter forming a great dodecahedron inscribed within and sharing the edges of the icosahedron.
| Name | Great stellated dodecahedron | Truncated great stellated dodecahedron | Great icosidodecahedron | Truncated great icosahedron | Great icosahedron |
| Coxeter-Dynkin diagram | | | | | |
| Picture | | | | | |

### Great stellapentakis dodecahedron

Great stellapentakis dodecahedron :
| Type | Star polyhedron |
| Face | |
| Elements | F = 60, E = 90 V = 32 (χ = 2) |
| Symmetry group | I$_h$, [5,3], *532 |
| Index references | DU$_{55}$ |
| dual polyhedron | Truncated great icosahedron |
The great stellapentakis dodecahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the truncated great icosahedron. It has 60 intersecting triangular faces.
# Australian Darts Open

The Australian Darts Open is a darts tournament held at Moama Bowling Club in Moama, Australia. First edition of the tournament took place in 2019. The next edition of this tournament took place in 2022 after an interruption caused by COVID-19 pandemic. World Darts Federation announced that the Australian Darts Open has been awarded Platinum ranking status, with a total prize fund of A$80,000, set to be one of the biggest WDF events in 2022.
Tournament has been open to players worldwide, with open qualifiers for this staged event across Australia. The stage format adopted for this tournament had been used before at the Finder Darts Masters. First winners of the tournament were Damon Heta and Lisa Ashton.

## Results
### Men's

| Year | Champion | Av. | Score | Runner-Up | Av. | Prize Money | Prize Money | Prize Money | Venue |
| Year | Champion | Av. | Score | Runner-Up | Av. | Total | Ch. | R.-Up | Venue |
| 2019 | Damon Heta | 92.21 | 10 – 9 | Scott Mitchell | 94.12 | A$50,000 | A$15,000 | A$5,000 | Moama Bowling Club, Moama |
| 2022 | Raymond Smith | 93.32 | 10 – 9 | Haupai Puha | 90.21 | A$56,000 | A$16,000 | A$8,000 | Moama Bowling Club, Moama |
| 2023 | Andy Baetens | 92.62 | 10 – 2 | Neil Duff | 89.81 | A$39,000 | A$10,000 | A$5,000 | Moama Bowling Club, Moama |

### Women's

| Year | Champion | Av. | Score | Runner-Up | Av. | Prize Money | Prize Money | Prize Money | Venue |
| Year | Champion | Av. | Score | Runner-Up | Av. | Total | Ch. | R.-Up | Venue |
| 2019 | Lisa Ashton | 87.97 | 8 – 6 | Mikuru Suzuki | 85.41 | A$21,000 | A$10,000 | A$5,000 | Moama Bowling Club, Moama |
| 2022 | Beau Greaves | 91.27 | 8 – 5 | Mikuru Suzuki | 89.46 | A$24,000 | A$8,000 | A$4,000 | Moama Bowling Club, Moama |
| 2023 | Lisa Ashton (2) | 88.04 | 8 – 4 | Aileen de Graaf | 80.80 | A$17,000 | A$5,000 | A$2,500 | Moama Bowling Club, Moama |
# George Henry Vansittart

General George Henry Vansittart (16 July 1768 – 4 February 1824) was a British Army officer during the Napoleonic Wars.

## Life

He was the eldest son of George Vansittart, M.P., of Bisham Abbey, Berkshire, by Sarah, daughter of the Rev. Sir James Stonhouse, 11th Baronet of Radley, Berkshire. Vice-Admiral Henry Vansittart (1777–1843) was his younger brother. Henry Vansittart (1732–1770) and Robert Vansittart were his uncles. He was educated at Winchester School, at a military academy at Strasbourg, and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated on 7 November 1785.
After obtaining a commission as ensign in the 19th Foot on 18 October 1786, he was allowed a year's leave to study military science at Brunswick and attend the Prussian manœuvres. He became lieutenant on 25 December 1787, exchanged to the 38th Foot on 12 March 1788, and obtained a company in the 18th Foot on 23 June 1790. He joined that regiment at Gibraltar, went with it to Toulon in 1793, took part in the defence, and was one of the last men to leave the place. He became major in the New South Wales Corps on 20 November 1793, and lieutenant-colonel of the 95th Foot on 21 February 1794. He took part with it in the expedition to the Cape under Sir Alured Clarke in 1795. He was made colonel in the army on 26 January 1797; but the 95th was broken up in the course of that year, and for the next three years he was on half-pay and in the Berkshire Militia, which his uncle, Colonel Arthur Vansittart, had previously commanded.
On 10 April 1801 he became lieutenant-colonel of the 68th Foot, went with it to the West Indies, and was present at the capture of St Lucia in June 1803. On 25 September he was promoted major-general, and served on the staff in England from 1804 to 1806, and in Ireland from 1806 to 1810, when he became lieutenant-general (25 July). While in command of the Oxford district he received the degree of D.C.L. on 26 June 1805. He had been given the colonelcy of the 12th Reserve Battalion on 9 July 1803, and was transferred to the 1st Garrison Battalion on 25 February 1805. The colours of this battalion were afterwards presented to him, and now hang in the great hall in Bisham Abbey. He became general on 19 July 1821, and died on 4 February 1824.
On 29 October 1818 he had married Anna Maria, daughter and coheiress of Thomas Copson of Sheppey Hall, Leicestershire. She survived him, with one son, George Henry Vansittart the younger (1823–1885), and a second son, Augustus Arthur Vansittart (1824–1882), who was born posthumously. There is a portrait of him in uniform, by Sir George Hayter, at Bisham Abbey. A mourning brooch, presumably commissioned by his family, inscribed with details of his birth and death and containing a lock of his hair appeared on Episode 12 of Season 16 of Pawn Stars in September, 2019.

## Sources

* Based on public domain Dictionary of National Biography entry
# Bouche of court

The bouche of court, or vulgarly budge of court, is generally free food and drink at a royal court, or specifically the monarch's allowance of sustenance to their knights and servants during active duty. It is in the general sense that the French say, avoir bouche à la cour, literally "to have mouth at the court."
This privilege was sometimes only extended to bread, beer, and wine. It was an ancient custom not only in royal courts, but also in the houses of the nobility.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "Bouche of court". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
* This food-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Valea Bădenilor

The Valea Bădenilor (also: Bădeanca) is a left tributary of the river Dâmbovița in Romania. Its source is in the Leaota Mountains. It flows into the Dâmbovița in Bădeni. Its length is 15 km (9.3 mi) and its basin size is 56 km$^2$ (22 sq mi).

## Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Valea Bădenilor (from source to mouth):
* Left: Valea Râiosului, Valea Vâjei, Tâncava, Tăbra, Valea Gruiului
* Right: Valea Hotarului, Valea Făgețelului, Valea Babei, Valea Rea, Valea lui Brusture, Valea lui Dăniș
# The Cult of Sincerity

The Cult of Sincerity is an independent film about hipster culture and postmodernist irony set in Williamsburg in Brooklyn. It was released in its entirety on YouTube on April 8, 2008, making it the first time that YouTube had partnered with filmmakers for a film premiere. The film was later released as a digital download, with some of the proceeds going to the charity Fount of Mercy.

## Production

The filmmakers collaborated with Amie Street, a digital music site for indie musicians, to help pay for the production.

## Plot

When his mother informs Joseph that she's divorcing his father Joseph enters into a protracted existential crisis. Unhappy with the way society is moving, Joseph decides to attempt to turn back the flow of cynicism with a series of well-intentioned gestures and a slogan that he can put on a t-shirt. As Joseph struggles to find that slogan, he quickly realizes that it is not very easy changing the world.
# Hofstadter's law

Hofstadter's law is a self-referential adage, coined by Douglas Hofstadter in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979) to describe the widely experienced difficulty of accurately estimating the time it will take to complete tasks of substantial complexity:
   Hofstadter's Law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law.
The law is often cited by programmers in discussions of techniques to improve productivity, such as The Mythical Man-Month or extreme programming.

## History

In 1979, Hofstadter introduced the law in connection with a discussion of chess-playing computers, which at the time were continually being beaten by top-level human players, despite outpacing humans in depth of analysis. Hofstadter wrote:
   In the early days of computer chess, people used to estimate that it would be ten years until a computer (or program) was world champion. But after ten years had passed, it seemed that the day a computer would become world champion was still more than ten years away... This is just one more piece of evidence for the rather recursive Hofstadter's Law.
In 1997, the chess computer Deep Blue became the first to beat a human champion by defeating Garry Kasparov.
# Marasmarcha picardi

Marasmarcha picardi is a moth of the family Pterophoridae.
# Yellow goods (construction and agriculture)

Yellow goods are material for construction and earth-moving equipment, quarrying equipment, and fork-lift trucks. The term is also used to encompass agricultural equipment, such as tractors. The term "yellow goods" originated from the distinctive yellow colour commonly used on these types of machinery.

## Construction and earth-moving equipment

These yellow goods machines include excavators, bulldozers, backhoes, loaders, and dump trucks. They are used in construction projects and designed to handle heavy loads, operate in rugged terrain, and perform tasks like digging, grading, and hauling. Manufacturers include Case, Caterpillar, Fiat, Komatsu, Liebherr and Shantui.

## Quarrying equipment

This equipment is designed for use in the quarrying industry, which involves the extraction of minerals and other materials from the earth. Common types of quarrying yellow goods include rock drills and stone crushers. These machines are used to extract materials like limestone, granite, and sand.

## Fork-lift trucks

Fork-lift trucks are also considered yellow goods. They are mostly used in warehousing and manufacturing. They are designed to lift and move heavy loads and are used for material handling and logistics operations.

## Agricultural equipment

Agricultural yellow goods such as tractors are used in the cultivation and harvesting of crops in the farming industry. They are designed to handle a variety of tasks, from tilling and planting to harvesting and transporting.
# George Henry Vansittart (MP)

George Henry Vansittart (23 April 1823 - 3 November 1885) was a British landowner and Member of Parliament who represented Berkshire from 1852 to 1859 for the Conservative Party.
Vansittart was the eldest son of General George Henry Vansittart, and grandson of George Vansittart MP, who had also represented Berkshire. He was born on 23 April 1823; his father died before he was one year old, and he succeeded to his grandfather's estates centred on Bisham Abbey in January 1825, before his second birthday. He was educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford.
He was elected for Berkshire at the 1852 general election, and re-elected at the 1857 general election, but stood down in 1859.
He served as a justice of the peace in Buckinghamshire and Berkshire, and was a member of the Thames Conservancy. He died at his residence, Bisham Abbey, on 3 November 1885.
# Lerum (company)

Lerum is a Norwegian company, which produces food and drinks. As of 2006, the company was considered to be Norway's top manufacturer of fruit drinks, and manufactured many supermarket store brands.

## History

It was founded in 1907 by Nils Hansson Lerum and his wife Kari Hansdotter Ørbech as a small store in Sørheim, Luster. Since many in the rural community paid with raspberries, they started production of juice in a small factory in 1909. By 1918, the factory was producing tens of thousands of liters of juice and kilograms of jam. In 1919, production was moved to Sogndal. Coincident with this move, a company was formed as A/S NH Lerums Saftfabrikk. Lerum, which still is family-owned, now consists of two subdivisions, Lerum Konserves and Lerum Fabrikker.
Lerum had an arrangement which ended in 1998 to produce Pepsi products, thereafter opting to produce their own products.
In 2006, Lerum joined other drink manufacturers who were adding sugar-free alternatives, in their case opting for sucralose as a sugar alternative.
As of 2009, the company's products were sold almost exclusively in Norway.

## Management

As of 2010, the chief executive officer (CEO) (Administrative Director) was Trine Lerum Hjellhaug (who was also the founders' great-granddaughter), the Deputy Director was Jan Petter Vadheim, and the chief financial officer was Bernt Bergheim. Also, as of 2010 the chairman of the board was Sverre S. Tysland, while board members included Kristine Aasheim, Jon Terje Øverland, Jørn Stenehjem, and Erik Asbjørn Thue; several members of the Lerum family were also board members: Kurt Lerum, Gro Lerum Bondevik, Bente Lerum Lund, Kåre Lerum, Grethe Kristin Lerum.
Prior to Hjellhaug's tenure as CEO, the position was held by Kåre Lerum until 2004 (board member as of 2010), then held by Jan Petter Vadheim (Deputy Director as of 2010).
# Valea Calului

Valea Calului may refer to the following places in Romania:
* Valea Calului, a village the commune Șuici, Argeș County
* Valea Calului, a tributary of the Fiad in Bistrița-Năsăud County
* Valea Calului, a tributary of the Pogăniș in Caraș-Severin County
* Valea Calului, a tributary of the Timiș in Brașov County
* Valea Calului, a tributary of the Iara in Cluj County
* Valea Calului, a tributary of the Râul Târgului in Argeș County
# The Cult of Mac

The Cult of Mac is a book by Leander Kahney. The book discusses fanaticism about the Apple product line and brand loyalty. Kahney released a later book titled The Cult of iPod.
The cover of the book features the Apple logo shaved into the back of a person's head.
# Viking Cycle Company

The Viking Cycle Company was an English bicycle company. Founded in 1908 in Wolverhampton as a bicycle repair shop, it became a manufacturer and sponsored a racing team. The company closed in 1967; the business was purchased and reestablished as Viking Cycles, an assembler in Derry, Northern Ireland. The brand was later sold to Avocet Sports of Manchester, which imported rebadged bicycles into the UK under the Viking name. Following the acquisition of Avocet by the Indian company Hero Cycles, the brand name has been used by its Insync Bikes division.

## History

Alfred Victor Davies went into bicycle repair in 1908 to supplement his wages as a railwayman, and continued with it full-time when ordered to stop because rules forbade second jobs. Around 1935, after twice moving and acquiring an additional building for the works, the company started manufacturing frames rather than simply assembling bicycles. Alfred Davies was succeeded by his son, Reg Davies, who registered the company as Viking Cycles Limited in 1939. During the Second World War, the company produced munitions.
After the war production rose from about 800 cycles a year in the late 1940s to more than 20,000 in 1963, making Viking the city's largest-ever bicycle manufacturer. The company diversified into lightweight racing bicycles and they began Viking road racers team in 1948, managed by former Wolverhampton Wheeler Bob Thom, who later also became sales manager. At its production peak in the mid-1960s, the company employed about 70 people.
In the 1960s club cycling declined, but Davies designed a child's bicycle with telescopic rear stays and a telescopic seat tube which could be adjusted as the child grew, rather than buying a series of new cycles. This model eventually accounted for three-quarters of the company's business.
The company closed in 1967. It was bought by two Americans, who established Viking Cycles, a bicycle assembler in Derry. This encountered financial problems and in 1981 Merseyside County Council considered buying the brand and opening a company to be headed by the bicycle racer and designer Frank Clements. In 2001 the Viking Cycles brand was bought by Avocet Sports, of Manchester; the trademark was registered to them in June 2002.
In August 2015, Hero Cycles, an Indian company owned by Pankaj M Munjal, bought a majority stake in Avocet. Hero have relaunched the Viking Cycles brand to be sold under their new British and European master brand Insync Bikes.