OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manji (Sikhism)

A Manji (Punjabi: ਮੰਜੀ ਪ੍ਰਥਾ (Gurmukhi)) was a Sikh religious administrative unit, similar to a parish or diocese, for the propagation of Sikhism. It was part of the Sikh missionary administrative organization founded by Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of Sikhism.

## Etymology

The word Manji or Manja literally means a cot (taken as the seat of authority in this context).

## History
### Origin

Guru Nanak would arrange early Sikh followers into various sangat (congregations) or parishes and instructed them to erect a dharamsal dedicated to spreading their Guru's message and teachings in their local area.

#### Sangatia

Sangatia (also spelt as Sangtias) were head leaders from the local Sikh congregation (sangat) who arose as local leaders based upon personal piety and merit. Anyone could arise to become a Sangatia as there was no established priestly or clergy-class in Sikhism, as long as they were well-learnt and dedicated enough to the religion. Most dharamsals ceased being headed by a Sangatia after the introduction of the Manji and later Masand systems. However, some remained under the leadership of a Sangatia due to the respect some earned.

### Establishment

Guru Amar Das divided the Sikh congregation areas into twenty-two Manji zones. He appointed a local preacher to be in-charge of each of the Manjis, known as a Manjidar. For this purpose, a large group of 146 followers were trained for the propagation of Sikhism. 94 of them were men whilst 52 were women. It had been conceptually similar in its aims to the diocese system in Christianity, and had been similarly important in Sikh missionary activity. It existed as a parallel system to the existing Mughal Empire and was modelled after the Mughal Empire's provincial zones, known as Subahs (of which there were also 22). Along with the Manjis, sub-centres known as Piris were established of which there were 52 in total.

## Purpose and role

The Manji system was established to give Sikhs a sense of their own sovereignty. This is reflected by the fact that the number of zones established perfectly mimics the Mughal administrative system's zones, with both having twenty-two primary divisions. The Manjis facilitated the spread of Sikhism to more faraway regions away from the already-established epicentres.

### Manjidars

Manjidars were appointed leaders under the purview of the Guru and were responsible for a specified Manji diocese or parish. They were responsible for looking over the dharamsals and congregations of their assigned parish. The main dharamsals located at localities founded by a Sikh Guru or connected to their life were managed directly by a Sikh Guru whilst the centres in more minor, obscure, or distant localities and areas were headed by an appointed Manjidar. Positions of local Manjidars was not dynastic nor inheritable and it was not a professional duty as they still had to live the life of a householder. They were not allowed to claim divine status for themselves.
Manjidars should not be confused with the later Masands.

## List of manjidars

* Gangu Das, assigned by Guru Amar Das to preach in the Shivalik Hills region.
# Lahore Education Board cricket team

Lahore Education Board was a cricket team of students from Lahore that played first-class cricket in the Ayub Trophy in the 1960–61 and 1964–65 seasons in Pakistan.
They played one drawn match in 1960–61 against Lahore. In 1964–65, captained by Younis Ahmed, they won their first five matches outright or on the first innings, but lost the final to Karachi by an innings and 91 runs. Their main bowler was Tariq Cheema, who took 34 wickets at an average of 15.85. His opening partner Majid Khan took 27 wickets at 16.77 and made 343 runs at 42.87.
Later in the 1964–65 season Lahore Education Board combined with Punjab University to compete in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy under the name "Punjab University and Lahore Education Board". They played two matches, both of which were drawn.
# Manuel Rivera (painter)

Manuel Rivera, sometimes referred to as Manuel Rivera Hernández, (April 23, 1927– January 2, 1995) was a Spanish painter. He was a founding member of the influential "El Paso group" of Spanish artists in Madrid who were at the forefront of the Spanish avant-garde art movement of the Post-World War II era. His works are part of the permanent collections of several museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

## Life and career

Born in Granada, Rivera began his training as a sculptor in the studio of Martín Simón. His interests moved to towards painting and he trained at the Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes de Seville (now part of the University of Seville) where he began his studies in 1945 at the age of 18. His first major exhibition was at the Granada Press Association in 1947. After completing his education, he moved to Madrid in 1951 where he became known as a painter of murals and frescos in public spaces and churches. This led to commissions as a muralist and fresco artist in cities throughout Spain.
Initially a painter working in the style of figurative art, Rivera began working in an abstract style in the 1950s. In 1953 he took part in the Congreso de Arte Abstracto de Santander (Congress of Abstract Art). In 1957 he co-founded the El Paso group in Madrid with fellow artists Rafael Canogar, Luis Feito, Juana Francés, Manolo Millares, Pablo Serrano, Antonio Suárez, and Antonio Saura. The founding members also included art critics José Ayllón and Manolo Conde. From 1957 through 1960 Rivera and the other artists in this group jointly presented several exhibitions in Spain and abroad which had a profound impact on the development of Spanish Art. The group's final exhibition was at the L'Attico gallery in Rome in 1960. The Marlborough Gallery featured a retrospective exhibition of the group's works in May and June 2004 entitled ‘El Paso, 1957-1960’.
In 1967 Rivera began experimenting with artistic techniques and ideas from Asian cultures. In 1981 he was awarded Spain's gold medal for Merit in Fine Arts. He was also the recipient of the Chevalier's Cross of l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France.
# Laheva

Laheva (also Lakheva) is a village in Haapsalu municipality, Lääne County, in western Estonia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Ridala Parish.
# William Verney, 10th Baron Willoughby de Broke

William Verney, 10th Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 18th Baron Latimer (12 June 1668 – 23 August 1683), was a peer in the peerage of England.
William Verney was the only son of Sir Greville Verney, 9th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1649–1668), and Lady Diana Russell, daughter of William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford. He inherited the title 10th Baron Willoughby de Broke and 18th Baron Latimer on the death of his father in 1668. On his premature death at the age of 15, his title went into temporary abeyance until claimed by his great-uncle Richard Verney in 1695.
# Fuente el Saz de Jarama

Fuente el Saz de Jarama is a municipality of the autonomous community of Madrid in central Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Cuenca del Medio Jarama.

## Bus lines

* Line 184: Madrid (Plaza de Castilla) - El Casar (Interbús)
* Line 197: Madrid (Plaza de Castilla) - Torrelaguna (ALSA)
* Line 254: Valdeolmos/Fuente el Saz - Alcalá de Henares (ALSA)
# Émile Poisson

Émile Poisson (25 May 1905 in Ouidah, Dahomey – 4 June 1999 in Paris) was a politician from Benin who served in the French Senate from 1947 to 1955. He was a métis. Prior to election to the French Senate he had been a schoolmaster.
# Lakeland Bus Lines

Lakeland Bus Lines, Inc is a privately chartered and apportioned bus company headquartered in Dover, New Jersey. Lakeland operates commuter routes from Morris, Sussex, Somerset and Essex Counties, New Jersey to New York City.

## Routes

Lakeland Bus Lines provides service along three routes, each named for the corridor on which it travels.

### Commuter routes

| Route | New York Terminal | Via | New Jersey Terminal |
| 46 | Port Authority Bus Terminal Midtown Manhattan | US 46 CR 513 | Mount Arlington |
| 46 | Port Authority Bus Terminal Midtown Manhattan | US 46 CR 513 | Dover |
| 80 (rush hours only, peak direction) | Port Authority Bus Terminal Midtown Manhattan | I-80 | Mount Arlington |
| 80 (rush hours only, peak direction) | Port Authority Bus Terminal Midtown Manhattan | I-80 NJ 183 | Stanhope |
| 80 (rush hours only, peak direction) | Port Authority Bus Terminal Midtown Manhattan | I-80 NJ 15 | Sparta |
| 80 (rush hours only, peak direction) | Port Authority Bus Terminal Midtown Manhattan | I-80 US 206 | Newton |
| 78 (rush hours only, peak direction) | Port Authority Bus Terminal Midtown Manhattan | I-78 CR 512 US 202 | Bernardsville |
| Downtown (rush hours only, peak direction) | Wall Street Lower Manhattan | I-80 US 46 | Mount Arlington |

### Casino Line Service

Lakeland Bus Lines provides service along routes for day or overnight trips to Atlantic City Casinos, Mount Airy Casino Resort in Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania, and Wind Creek Bethlehem in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
| Line | North Jersey Terminal | Via | Casino Terminal |
| Atlantic City (Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays Only) | Sparta | Jefferson, Rockaway Mall, Parsippany, Route 280, Garden State Parkway, Atlantic City Expressway | Bally's or Harrah's |
| Mount Airy Casino Resort (Saturdays through Mondays only) | Parsippany | Dover, Rockaway Mall, Mount Arlington, Netcong, Hackettstown, Interstate 80 | Mount Airy Casino Resort |
| Wind Creek Bethlehem (Wednesdays and Fridays only) | Parsippany | Dover, Rockaway Mall, Mount Arlington, Netcong, Hackettstown, Interstate 80 | Wind Creek Bethlehem |
# Marasmianympha

Marasmianympha is a genus of moths of the grass moth family (Crambidae) described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1991. Its single species, Marasmianympha eupselias, was described by Edward Meyrick in 1929. Among the grass moths, it belongs to subfamily Spilomelinae. It is endemic to the Marquesas Islands of Polynesia, where it has been recorded on Fatu Hiva, Hiva Oa and Tahuata, but is suspected to occur on other islands as well. The holotype specimen is in the Natural History Museum, London.
When first described, this moth was assigned to the genus Aulacodes in subfamily Acentropinae (then known as Nymphulinae). But eventually it was determined that despite a superficial similarity, M. eupselias is not a member of the Acentropinae, and hence by grass moth standards not at all closely related to Aulacodes.

## Description and ecology

M. eupselias is a smallish moth with fairly short antennae. It resembles Aulacodes in having labial palps which do not project straightly and have a very much reduced third segment. In the hindwings, the third and fourth veins do not originate at the same point, and the sixth vein approaches the common stalk from which veins 7 and 8 originate.
The genitals can be used to reliably identify this species. In the male, the clasper's harpe is simple, with a slightly widened cucullus, and covered in long thin bristles. The uncus consists of two fingered processes which bear short thick bristles; the vinculum is triangular. The tegumen is almost square, and at the hind end of the upper side bears two groups of long, thick bristles; the anellus is small, flat, but notably sclerotized (hardened). The aedeagus is almost straight, robust, but not very long; the vesica bears two strong horns.
In the female, the ostium is V-shaped. The ductus seminalis insert from sideways and above, near the expanded forward end of the ductus bursae. The latter is sclerotized and on the underside has two conspicuous fingered processes. The bursa copulatrix has a fine-grained wall, and the signum is a small sclerotized cone.
Even though this moth was described almost a century ago and does not seem to be uncommon at least in the uplands of southern Fatu Hiva (where it has been collected numerous times), the ecology of this species is almost completely unknown. It is suspected to inhabit the more or less dense native woodland, and may have been driven to the uplands by deforestation for agriculture; the modern records of this species are generally from 600 m (c. 2000 ft) ASL to the mountain peaks. Plants that occur in its habitat are for example Bidens henryi, Cheirodendron bastardianum, Pandanus, and east Polynesian blueberry (Vaccinium cereum), as well as numerous other shrubs, ferns, mosses and lichens.
# William Wendell Rogers

Captain William Wendell Rogers MC (10 November 1896 – 11 January 1967) was a Canadian World War I flying ace credited with nine aerial victories. He singlehandedly shot down a Gotha G bomber.

## Early life

William Wendell Rogers was born in Alberton, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

## World War I service

Rogers was appointed a Flying Officer on 25 April 1917. On 12 July 1917, he scored the first of a run of six "out of control" victories over enemy Albatros fighter planes, with the string ending 29 October 1917. On 18 November 1917 he was appointed Flight Commander.
On 12 December 1917, he shot down a huge Gotha G bomber piloted by German Blue Max winner Hauptmann Rudolf Kleine, killing Kleine and his three crew members.
Rogers went on to two additional "out of control" victories, with his last win coming on 18 December 1917.

## Postwar life

He returned to Saint John, Canada, to operate an automobile concern. He became active in the local flying club. He died on 11 January 1967 (aged 70) in Saint John, New Brunswick.

## Honors and awards

Military Cross (MC)
2nd Lt. (T./Capt.) William Wendell Rogers, R.F.C., Spec. Res.
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in shooting down seven enemy airplanes, and on two occasions attacking enemy troops with machine gun fire from very low altitudes. He proved himself a daring patrol leader.
# Willoughby Hickman

Willoughby Hickman may refer to:
* Sir Willoughby Hickman, 1st Baronet (1604–1650) of the Hickman Baronets
* Sir Willoughby Hickman, 3rd Baronet (1659–1720) of the Hickman Baronets, MP for Kingston upon Hull
* Willoughby Hickman (1688–1712), son of the 3rd Baronet and MP for East Retford
# Willoughby House, Nottingham

Willoughby House is a Grade II* listed building on Low Pavement in Nottingham.

## History

Willoughby House was erected circa 1738 as a town house for Hon. Rothwell Willoughby son of Thomas Willoughby, 1st Baron Middleton.
The records for the Borough of Nottingham on 20 June 1743 report:
   Permit to set palisades in front of a house. - Ordered that Rothwell Willoughby Esquire have leave to set his Palisadoes before his house in the Low Pavement out into the Street so farr as to Range with Mrs Taylors front and three feet four Inches from the Corner of Mr Stockdale's House paying two Shillings and sixpence a year for the same.
The railings and gate forming the frontage of the property are separately Grade II* listed. The central segment-arched double gates with openwork piers and finials, are flanked by ramped spearhead railings and set on a low brick wall with ashlar coping. They may well have been manufactured by the local ironsmith, Francis Foulgham. They were restored in 1990.
On the death of Rothwell Willoughby in 1752 it was owned by his nephew, Rothwell Southeby Willoughby until he died in 1764. Then Ichabod Wright, ironmonger and banker, held the property until 1806. Lewis Allsopp an attorney purchased it, and it was his home and place of business until 1835.
In 1848 it was taken over by the Classical, Mathematical and Commercial Academy superintended by Messrs Buddulph and Son which had previously been located in Halifax Place. Shortly afterwards it became known as the Willoughby House Academy.
By 1885 it was occupied by the Borough Justices’ Clerks’ Office, 2 barrister and firms of solicitors and accountants, including an Assurance Company until the early 1970s when it was occupied by Freeth Carthwright solicitors. It was restored in 2004 by Franklin Ellis for Paul Smith.
# Willoughby Jones

Sir Willoughby Jones 3rd Baronet (24 November 1820 – 21 August 1884) was a Norfolk landowner and an English Conservative Party politician. He was briefly Member of Parliament (MP) for the Cheltenham constituency.
Jones was the second son of Major-General John Thomas Jones, who had earlier fought in the Peninsula, and his wife Catherine Lawrence. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1843 with BA. The Jones baronetcy was created in 1831 for his father, who died in 1843. Willoughby Jones inherited the baronetcy from his brother Lawrence, who was murdered in Turkey in 1845.
In July 1847 he won the seat of Cheltenham by a majority of 108; however, he was unseated by petition in May 1848. He was a member of the Canterbury Association from 27 March 1848. He lived at Cranmer Hall near Fakenham in Norfolk where in 1860 he had to order the felling of the Bale Oak. He was appointed High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1851.
On 15 April 1856, he married his cousin Emily Taylor Jones, the daughter of Henry Taylor-Jones (1790–1860), who was his father's half-brother. Their daughter Maud was deaf and subject to the interest of Alexander Graham Bell, whose initial research on the telephone was to improve communication with the deaf. The Right Reverend Herbert Jones, second son of the third Baronet, was suffragan Bishop of Lewes. Jones passed the baronetcy to his eldest son when he died on 21 August 1884.
# Fuentes de Ayódar

Fuentes de Ayódar (locally: Juentes d’Ayódar) is a municipality in the comarca of Alto Mijares, Castellón, Valencia, Spain.
# Laar Museum and Molvi Haji Ahmed Mallah Library

The Laar Museum and Molvi Haji Ahmed Mallah Library is a historic building located on the main Karachi road opposite the deputy commissioner's office in Badin, Sindh, Pakistan.

## History

The two-story building was established in 1980 through the efforts of Shaikh Muhammad Soomar, a historian, poet, and anthropologist known for his work in preserving artifacts from the lower Sindh regions, such as Badin, Tando Muhammad Khan, and Thatta. The museum received financial support from former Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo, who donated Rs 0.5 million, and former Governor of Sindh Kamaluddin Azfar, who contributed Rs 1 million to support Shaikh Soomar's preservation efforts.

## Collections

The museum once housed a diverse collection of artifacts significant to Sindh's cultural heritage, including pottery from the Indus Valley Civilization, hand-written Quranic manuscripts in Persian, Arabic, and Sindhi, and historical photographs of various locations. However, the collection was compromised when the museum space was used to store relief goods during a flood, resulting in the displacement and damage of many items.

## Architecture

The building features an exterior with expansive green lawns and grand marble steps, decorated with milk white tiles showcasing intricate navy blue floral designs. In contrast, the interior of the museum is in a state of neglect, with artifacts covered in dust and cobwebs.
# Joan Majó

Joan Majó i Cruzate (born 19 June 1938) is a Spanish politician who served as minister of industry and energy from July 1985 to July 1986.
# Moulinath Banerjee

Moulinath (Mouli) Banerjee (born 1974) is an Indian statistician at the University of Michigan.

## Education and career

Banerjee completed his bachelor's and master's in statistics at the Indian Statistical Institute in 1995 and 1997, respectively, then authored a doctoral dissertation, Likelihood Ratio Inference in Regular and Nonregular Problems in 2000, advised by Jon A. Wellner of the University of Washington. Banerjee remained in Washington as a lecturer until joining the University of Michigan faculty in 2001.

## Research

Banerjee's research interests comprise non-standard statistical models, shape-constrained methods, empirical process theory, distributed computing, and meta-learning. Apart from his statistical pursuits, he takes an avid interest in classical music, fine dining, literature, and philosophy, and together with a co-author has published a new translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam from the original Persian.

## Honors and awards

In 2017, Banerjee was elected a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS). The following year, the American Statistical Association elected him to an equivalent honor. Banerjee will deliver one of the prestigious IMS Medallion Lectures in 2024 and is serving as Editor of IMS's primary review journal, Statistical Science, from 2023 to 2025.
# Kashe River

The Kashe River (Chinese: 卡社溪; pinyin: Kǎshè Xī) is a 47 km (29 mi) long river in Nantou County, central Taiwan. It is a tributary of the Zhuoshui River.
# Frisco, Missouri

Frisco is an unincorporated community in Stoddard County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Frisco was established in 1895, and remained in operation until 1914. The community derives its name from the nickname of the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway.
# Halo-

Halo- is a Greek prefix meaning "salt." In biology, it is often used to indicate halotolerance and is a portion of many words:
* Halobacteria
* Haloclasty
* Halophile
* Halophyte
# Aclytia heber

Aclytia heber is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Pieter Cramer in 1780. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Cuba, Trinidad, Suriname and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). A single specimen was collected at Alamo, Texas in November 2012.
# Kunlun (disambiguation)

The Kunlun Mountains is a large mountain range between the Tibetan Plateau and the Tarim Basin in western China.
Kunlun may also refer to:

## People

* Kunlun (崑崙 or 昆侖), also Juelun (掘倫), a general term for Southeast Asians and Southeast Asia (particularly Champa and Island Southeast Asia) in Chinese historical records; the term later included enslaved Negritos, Papuans, and Africans.
   * Kunlun Nu, a wuxia romance about a Negrito slave from Southeast Asia
   * K'un-lun po (崑崙舶), or Kunlun bo, ancient sailing ships of the Austronesian traders from Island Southeast Asia described in Chinese records in the Han Dynasty

## Places

* Kunlun (mythology), a mountain in Chinese mythology
* Kunlun Fault, a geological fault along the Kunlun Mountains
* Kunlun Pass, Guangxi, China
* Kunlun Station (Antarctica), a Chinese research station

## Other uses

* Kunlun Energy, a Chinese oil and gas company
* Kunlun Fight, a Chinese Kickboxing promotion
* Kunlun School, a fictional martial arts school in wuxia fiction
* Kunlun Shan (998), a Chinese ship
* 3613 Kunlun, a main-belt asteroid
* Huawei KunLun Mission Critical Server
# Wholecut

In shoemaking, wholecut shoes are shoes that are made from a single piece of flawless leather (in contrast to plain toes and cap toes), with or without a backseam – in the latter case it is called a seamless wholecut. These shoes can be entirely plain and smooth, or with some perforated decorations.
Various types of shoes can be made wholecut, but usually the term refers to classic dress shoes. The absence of decorative features and overall conservative look tend to make wholecuts appropriate for black-tie occasions.

## Gallery

* A pair of wholecut shoes
* Wholecuts with some perforated decorations
* Contrast with plain toe shoes
* Contrast with a cap toe shoe