# Olivier Gendebien

Olivier Jean Marie Fernand Gendebien (French pronunciation:; 12 January 1924 – 2 October 1998) was a Belgian racing driver, who competed in Formula One from 1955 to 1961. Widely regarded as one of the greatest drivers in the history of sportscar racing, Gendebien was a four-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans with Ferrari, a three-time winner of the 12 Hours of Sebring, and a three-time winner of the Targa Florio.
Born and raised in Brussels, Gendebien was initially a forester in the Belgian Congo before moving back to Europe in 1952, where he began his career in rallying. He won his first event driving an Alfa Romeo 1900 TI at the Tulip Rally in 1954. Gendebien added to his successes by winning the Liège–Rome–Liège Rally, Dolomites Gold Cup Race and Rally Stella Alpina in 1955, driving a Mercedes-Benz 300 SL. Attracting the attention of Enzo Ferrari, Gendebien signed for Ferrari in 1956 to compete in Formula One and sportscars, making his debut in the former at the Argentine Grand Prix.
Gendebien was appointed to the Order of the Crown of Belgium by Albert II in 1998.

## Rally racer

Gendebien spent some years in the Belgian Congo. On his return to Europe he teamed up with Fraikin to compete in the 1952 Liège–Rome–Liège Rally using a Jaguar Mk VII saloon car. Together with Pierre Stasse, Gendebien won the sixth running of the Tulip Rally in Zandvoort in April 1954. Their car was an Alfa Romeo 1900 TI. The Gendebien and Fraiken partnership gained the nickname "the eternal bridesmaids", owing to their number of second-place finishes, but after two previous attempts they triumphed in the Liège–Rome–Liège Rally, the Coppa d'Oro delle Dolomiti and Rally Stella Alpina in 1955, driving a Mercedes-Benz 300SL. In 1956 Olivier Gendebien and Pierre Stasse finished in third place driving a Ferrari 250 GT Europa (Nr 0373).

## Formula One driver

Gendebien's success in rally competitions brought him to the attention of Enzo Ferrari, who offered him a contract to drive a Ferrari in sports car events and selected Grands Prix. Much respected as a true gentleman by everyone who knew him, he remained a member of the Ferrari team until he retired from racing. Enzo Ferrari summed him up as "a gentleman who never forgets that noblesse oblige and, when he is at the wheel, he translates this code of behaviour into an elegant and discerning forcefulness."
During his career he competed in only 15 Formula One races as most of the time he was Ferrari's spare driver, filling in only occasionally. He nonetheless scored points in five races, and was only one place away from a points-scoring finish on a further two occasions.
He made his début at the 1956 Argentine Grand Prix, with the Ferrari team, but it was during a stint driving for the British Racing Partnership's Yeoman Credit Racing team in 1960 that Gendebien scored his best finishes; he took second in the 1960 French Grand Prix and third in front of a home crowd at the 1960 Belgian Grand Prix.
The second of these was a somewhat bitter-sweet success, as Gendebien's team-mate at the time, Chris Bristow, was killed in an accident during the race. Gendebien himself walked away with slight injuries in October 1961 after his Lotus-Climax failed to negotiate a turn during practice for the 1961 United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen, New York. The car flipped over and Gendebien's shoes were torn off by the impact.

## Sports car competition

However, it was in sports car racing, particularly the long distance and endurance events, where Gendebien excelled. Piloting a 2.5-litre Ferrari, Gendebien teamed up with Maurice Trintignant to place third in the 1956 24 Hours of Le Mans. They were seven laps behind the winners, privateer Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar drivers Ron Flockhart and Ninian Sanderson. The 1958 Grand Prix of Buenos Aires was a 1,000 kilometre event in which Gendebien paired with Wolfgang von Trips. They finished second to a fellow Ferrari pairing Phil Hill and Peter Collins. In the race Argentine Maserati driver, Jorge Magnasco, died after his car skidded and turned over.
The same year he partnered Hill and won the prestigious 24 Hours of Le Mans. Their victory came in a 3-litre Ferrari and secured the World Sportscar Championship for the Ferrari factory. They covered 2,511 miles with an average speed of 107 miles per hour. Hill became the first American to win the event and their Ferrari was the sole factory-sponsored car running at the end. Ferrari drivers took the first three positions at the conclusion of the 1961 24 Hours of Le Mans and, as they were to be again the following year, Hill and Gendebien were first, averaging 115.89 miles per hour, and establishing a race record. The duo were a natural fit and together they won the Le Mans race three times in total, with Gendebien winning it a fourth time, partnered by fellow Belgian Paul Frère in 1960. Gendebien's record number of Le Mans victories was not exceeded until 1981, when fellow-Belgian Jacky Ickx won for the fifth time.
Away from Circuit de la Sarthe, Gendebien also triumphed in the Targa Florio (1958, '61, '62), the 12 Hours of Sebring (1959, '60, '61), the 12 Hours of Reims (1957, '58) and the 1000 km Nürburgring (1962). When asked about the key to winning as a race car driver, Gendebien responded: "It is a matter of taking the corners a little faster than one would want." In honour of Gendebien's three wins at the 12 Hours of Sebring, turn 15 just before the final corner, onto the Ullman straight is named after him. He also won the Dolomites Cup, a one-lap sportscar race that took place on a 188-mile circuit in the Dolomite Mountains in Italy.

### Major race victories

* Tour of Sicily : 1957
* Tour de France Automobile : 1957, 1958, 1959
* Reims 12 Hours : 1957, 1958
* Targa Florio : 1958, 1961, 1962
* 12 Hours of Sebring : 1959, 1960, 1961
* 24 hours of Le Mans : 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962
* 1000km Nürburgring : 1962

## Post race life

Married with three children, Gendebien's wife pressured him to get out of the dangerous sport of automobile racing where more than two dozen of his competitors had died at the wheel. At 38 years of age, in 1962 Olivier Gendebien retired following his fourth victory at Le Mans. Independently wealthy, and an avid skier, tennis player, and equestrian rider, he devoted the rest of his life to running a variety of businesses. In 1998 King Albert II awarded him the Belgian Order of the Crown.
Olivier Gendebien died in 1998 at his home in Les Baux-de-Provence in southern France.

## Racing record
### Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | WDC | Pts. |
| 1955 | Equipe Nationale Belge | Ferrari 625 | Ferrari Straight-4 | ARG | MON | 500 | BEL DNA | NED | GBR | ITA | | | | | NC | 0 |
| 1956 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 555 | Ferrari L4 | ARG 5 | MON | 500 | BEL | | | | | | | | 23rd | 2 |
| 1956 | Scuderia Ferrari | Lancia-Ferrari D50 | Lancia V8 | | | | | FRA Ret | GBR DNA | GER | ITA | | | | 23rd | 2 |
| 1958 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari Dino 246 | Ferrari V6 | ARG | MON | NED | 500 | BEL 6 | FRA | GBR | GER | POR | ITA Ret | MOR Ret | NC | 0 |
| 1959 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari Dino 246 | Ferrari V6 | MON | 500 | NED | FRA 4 | GBR | GER | POR | ITA 6 | USA | | | 15th | 3 |
| 1960 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari Dino 246 | Ferrari V6 | ARG DNA | MON | 500 | NED | | | | | | | | 6th | 10 |
| 1960 | Yeoman Credit Racing Team | Cooper T51 | Climax L4 | | | | | BEL 3 | FRA 2 | GBR 9 | POR 7 | ITA | USA 12 | | 6th | 10 |
| 1961 | Equipe Nationale Belge | Emeryson Mk2 | Maserati L4 | MON DNQ | NED | | | | | | | | | | 14th | 3 |
| 1961 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 156 | Ferrari V6 | | | BEL 4 | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | | | | | 14th | 3 |
| 1961 | UDT-Laystall Racing Team | Lotus 18/21 | Climax L4 | | | | | | | | USA 11 | | | | 14th | 3 |

### Non-championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| 1956 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 555 | Ferrari | BUE 6 | GLV | SYR | AIN | INT | NAP | 100 | VNW | CAE | SUS | BRH | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1957 | Scuderia Ferrari | Lancia D50 | Lancia V8 | BUE | SYR | PAU | GLV | NAP | RMS Ret | CAE | INT | MOD | MOR | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1961 | Equipe Nationale Belge | Emeryson Mk2 | Maserati L4 | LOM | GLV | PAU Ret | BRX Ret | VIE | AIN | SYR | NAP | LON | SIL | SOL DNA | KAN | DAN | MOD | FLG | OUL | LEW | VAL | RAN | NAT | RSA |

### Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

| Year | Team | Co-Driver | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1955 | Ecurie Belge | Wolfgang Seidel | Porsche 550 RS Spyder | S 1.5 | 276 | 5th | 2nd |
| 1956 | Scuderia Ferrari | Maurice Trintignant | Ferrari 625 LM | S 3.0 | 374 | 3rd | 2nd |
| 1957 | Scuderia Ferrari | Maurice Trintignant | Ferrari 250 TR | S 5.0 | 109 | DNF (Piston) | DNF (Piston) |
| 1958 | Scuderia Ferrari | Phil Hill | Ferrari 250 TR/58 | S 3.0 | 305 | 1st | 1st |
| 1959 | Scuderia Ferrari | Phil Hill | Ferrari 250 TR/59 | S 3.0 | 263 | DNF (Overheating) | DNF (Overheating) |
| 1960 | Scuderia Ferrari | Paul Frère | Ferrari 250 TR/59/60 | S 3.0 | 314 | 1st | 1st |
| 1961 | SEFAC Ferrari | Phil Hill | Ferrari 250 TRI/61 | S 3.0 | 333 | 1st | 1st |
| 1962 | SEFAC Ferrari | Phil Hill | Ferrari 330 TRI/LM | E +3.0 | 331 | 1st | 1st |

### Complete 12 Hours of Sebring results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1957 | Scuderia Ferrari | Maurice Trintignant | Ferrari 250 TR | S5.0 | 109 | DNF (Piston) | DNF (Piston) |
| 1958 | Scuderia Ferrari | Luigi Musso | Ferrari 250 TR 58 | S3.0 | 199 | 2nd | 2nd |
| 1959 | Scuderia Ferrari | Dan Gurney Phil Hill Chuck Daigh | Ferrari 250 TR 59 | S3.0 | 188 | 1st | 1st |
| 1960 | Joakim Bonnier | Hans Herrmann | Porsche 718 RS60 | S1.6 | 196 | 1st | 1st |
| 1961 | Sefac Automobile Ferrari | Phil Hill | Ferrari 250 TRI/61 | S3.0 | 210 | 1st | 1st |
| 1962 | North American Racing Team | Phil Hill | Ferrari 250 GTO | GT3.0 | 196 | 2nd | 1st |

### Complete 24 Hours of Daytona results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1962 | Scuderia Serenissima | | Ferrari 250 GT SWB | GT3.0 | 75 | 16th | 3rd |

### Complete 24 Hours of Spa results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1953 | | Roland du Roy de Blicky | Panhard Dyna | T | | DNF | DNF |