# Windows key

The Windows key (also known as win, start, logo, flag or super key) is a keyboard key which was originally introduced on Microsoft's Natural Keyboard in 1994. Windows 95 used it to bring up the start menu and it then became a standard key on PC keyboards. On computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system, Ctrl+Esc performs the same function, in case the keyboard lacks this key.

## History and usage

Historically, the addition of two Windows keys and a menu key marked the change from the 101/102-key to 104/105-key layout for PC keyboards. Compared to the former layout, a Windows key was placed between the left Ctrl and the left Alt and another Windows key and the menu key were placed between the right Alt (or AltGr) and the right Ctrl key. The Windows key was introduced with Microsoft's Natural Keyboard in 1994. The key is predated by the ⌘ Command key on Apple computers in the 1980s, and before that by the Super (or Meta) key on Lisp/Unix workstation computers in the 1970s.
Windows 95 required the key to be on a keyboard to get the "Designed for Windows" logo, and used it to bring up the Start Menu. It was quickly added by virtually all desktop keyboard manufacturers. The first laptop to bear Windows keys on its keyboard was the Gateway Solo.
In laptop and other compact keyboards it is common to have just one Windows key (usually on the left). On Microsoft's Entertainment Desktop sets (designed for Windows Vista), the Windows key is in the middle of the keyboard, below all other keys (where the user's thumbs rest).
Some keyboards during the Windows Vista and 7 era feature a circular bump surrounding the logo which distinguishes its feeling from the other buttons.
On Windows 8 tablet computers, hardware certification requirements initially mandated that the Windows key be centered on the bezel below the screen, except on a convertible laptop, where the button is allowed to be off-center in a tablet configuration. This requirement was relaxed in Windows 8.1, allowing the Windows key to be placed on any bezel or edge of the unit, though a centered location along the bottom bezel is still preferred.

## Licensing

Microsoft regulates the appearance of the Windows key logo picture with a specially crafted license for keyboard manufacturers ("Microsoft Windows Logo Key Logo License Agreement for Keyboard Manufacturers"). With the introduction of a new Microsoft Windows logo, first used with Windows XP, the agreement was updated to require that the new design be adopted for all keyboards manufactured after 1 September 2003. However, with the release of Windows Vista, Microsoft published guidelines for a new Windows Logo key that incorporates the Windows logo recessed in a chamfered lowered circle with a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 with respect to background that the key is applied to.
In Common Building Block Keyboard Specification, all CBB compliant keyboards were to comply with the Windows Vista Hardware Start Button specification beginning on 1 June 2007.
The Unicode character U+229E ⊞ SQUARED PLUS resembles the look of the key, as of Windows 11.

## Use with Microsoft Windows

From the Windows 95 to Windows 7 releases of the operating system, tapping the Windows key by itself traditionally revealed Windows Taskbar (if not visible) and opened the Start menu. In Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8, this key launches the Start screen but does not show the taskbar. However, this feature was added back into Windows 10.
Pressing the key in combination with other keys allows invoking many common functions through the keyboard. Holding down Ctrl+Esc will not substitute for the Windows key in these combinations. Which Windows key combinations ("shortcuts") are available and active in a given Windows session depends on many factors, such as accessibility options, the type of the session (regular or Terminal Services), the Windows version, the presence of specific software such as IntelliType and Group Policy if applicable.
Below is a list of notable shortcuts which work natively. Unless otherwise noted, they are valid in the next version of Windows. Using aftermarket scripts, users can also make custom shortcuts.

### Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0

The following shortcuts are valid in Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0.
* ⊞ Win opens the Start menu
* ⊞ Win+D shows the desktop (hiding even non-minimizable windows), or restores hidden windows when pressed a second time.
* ⊞ Win+E opens Windows Explorer with folder pane on left side of window.
* ⊞ Win+F opens Find files and folders.
* ⊞ Win+M minimizes all windows.
* ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+M restores windows that were minimized with ⊞ Win+M.
* ⊞ Win+R opens the "Run Program Or File" Window.
* ⊞ Win+U runs Utility Manager.
* ⊞ Win+Pause or ⊞ Win+Break opens properties of My Computer.
* ⊞ Win+F1 opens Windows Help.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+F opens Find computers.
* ⊞ Win+Tab ↹ cycles through taskbar buttons. This key combination is reassigned in Windows Vista and Windows 7.

### Windows 2000

Windows 2000 adds the following:
* ⊞ Win+L locks the desktop.

### Windows XP

Windows XP adds the following:
* ⊞ Win+B selects the first icon in the Notification Area.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+F opens Search for Computers. Requires Active Directory Domain Services.
* ⊞ Win+L locks the desktop and (if Fast User Switching is enabled) shows the user selection screen.

### Windows XP Media Center Edition

Windows XP Media Center Edition adds the following:
* ⊞ Win+Alt+↵ Enter starts Windows Media Center.

### Windows Vista

Windows Vista adds the following shortcuts:
* ⊞ Win+Space bar brings the Windows Sidebar to the front.
* ⊞ Win+G selects next Windows Sidebar gadget item, bringing all gadgets to the foreground in process. Gadgets were removed in Windows 8. It shows up the Xbox game bar in Windows 10 and 11.
* ⊞ Win+X invokes Windows Mobility Center. Works only if portable computer features are installed. This key combination is reassigned in Windows 8.
* ⊞ Win+Tab ↹ switches active app using Aero Flip 3D. Requires desktop composition, a feature of Windows Aero. Aero Flip 3D is removed in Windows 8 and this key is reassigned.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+Tab ↹ is same as above, but Aero Flip 3D remains even when this key combination is released. Arrow keys or mouse may be used to navigate between windows.
* ⊞ Win+1 through ⊞ Win+9, ⊞ Win+0 starts the corresponding Quick Launch Bar program. ⊞ Win+0 runs the tenth item. Quick Launch is removed in Windows 7 and this key is reassigned.
* ⊞ Win+L locks the computer.

### Windows 7

Windows 7 adds the following shortcuts:
* ⊞ Win+Space bar activates Aero Peek. Reassigned in Windows 8.
* ⊞ Win+P toggles between the devices that receive video card's output. The default is computer monitor only. Other options are video projector only, both showing the same image and both showing a portion of a larger desktop.
* ⊞ Win+↑ maximizes the active window.
* ⊞ Win+↓ restores the default window size and state of the active window, if maximized. Otherwise, minimizes the active window.
* ⊞ Win+← or → to align the window to the corresponding side of the screen, tiled vertically.
* ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+← or → to move the window to the next or previous monitor, if multiple monitors are used.
* ⊞ Win+T to iterate through items on the taskbar from left to right.
* ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+T to iterate through items on the taskbar from right to left.
* ⊞ Win++ to zoom into the screen at the mouse cursor position using the Magnifier Utility.
* ⊞ Win+- to zoom out if the Magnifier Utility is running.
* ⊞ Win+Esc to exit zoom.
* ⊞ Win+1 through ⊞ Win+9, ⊞ Win+0 to either start or switch to the corresponding program pinned to taskbar. ⊞ Win+0 runs the tenth item. Press multiple times to cycle through the application's open windows. Press and release quickly to keep the taskbar's preview open (which allows you to cycle using arrow keys).
* ⊞ Win+Home minimizes all windows other than the active window. Pressing this combination a second time restores them.
* ⊞ Win+D minimizes all windows. Pressing the combination a second time restores them.

### Windows 8

Windows 8 introduces the following:
* ⊞ Win Opens the Start Screen.
* ⊞ Win+C opens the charms. Reassigned in Windows 10.
** ⊞ Win+F opens Search charm in file mode to search for computer files. If the Search charm is already open, switches to file search mode.
** ⊞ Win+W opens Search charm in settings mode to search for Control Panel applets. If the Search charm is already open, switches to settings search mode.
** ⊞ Win+Q opens Search charm in app mode to search for app shortcuts and executable files. If the search charm is already open, it has no effects.
** ⊞ Win+H opens the Share charm.
** ⊞ Win+K opens the Devices charm for printing, connecting to a second screen/projector, or pushing multimedia content via Play To.
** ⊞ Win+I opens Settings charm, where app-specific settings, network options and shutdown button is located.
* ⊞ Win+X opens Quick Links menu and grants access to several frequently used features of Windows, such as accessing desktop or File Explorer. With Windows 8.1 update, it includes a shortcut to shut down or restart the computer.
* ⊞ Win+Z or right click opens the command bar for Metro-style apps. This bar appears at the bottom of the screen and replaces both context menu and toolbar in Metro-style apps.
* ⊞ Win+Tab ↹ invokes the app switcher and changes between Metro-style apps. Unlike Alt+Tab ↹, the app switcher does not include windows that appear on desktop.
* ⊞ Win+Space bar changes input method. Unlike Alt+⇧ Shift, this combination also causes a pop-up notification to appear.
* ⊞ Win+PrtScr or ⊞ Win+Volume up instantly saves a screenshot to the "Screenshots" folder in "Pictures" library. All screenshots are saved as PNG files.

### Windows 8.1

Windows 8.1 introduces the following:
* ⊞ Win+O locks device orientation
* ⊞ Win+S activates the Search Everywhere charm, opening a sidebar at the side of the screen.
* ⊞ Win+U activates the Ease of Access Center control panel applet.
* ⊞ Win+V cycles through notifications.

### Windows 10

Windows 10 introduces the following:
* ⊞ Win+A opens Action Center.
** ⊞ Win+V or ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+V cycles through notifications.
* ⊞ Win+V opens the clipboard history (after October 2018 update).
* ⊞ Win+C activates Cortana listening mode. Reassigned in Windows 11.
* ⊞ Win+G opens the Game DVR bar (Xbox Game Bar).
** ⊞ Win+Alt+R starts or stops recording. All recordings are saved in the "Captures" folder in the "Videos" library as an MP4 file.
** ⊞ Win+Alt+G records the last 30 seconds when background recording is turned on for the game.
** ⊞ Win+Alt+T shows or hides the recording timer.
** ⊞ Win+Alt+PrtScr instantly saves a screenshot to the "Captures" folder in the "Images" library. All screenshots are saved as PNG files.
* ⊞ Win+I opens Settings.
* ⊞ Win+F opens the Feedback Hub.
* ⊞ Win+W opens the Widget panel.
* ⊞ Win+Tab ↹ opens task view (opens timeline and remains after April 2018 Update).
* ⊞ Win+↑+← through ⊞ Win+↓+→ to align a window snapped to the right or left to the corresponding quadrant of the screen.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+D creates a new virtual desktop.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+B refreshes display in case of screen lockup.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+F4 closes the active virtual desktop.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+← or → switches between virtual desktops.
* ⊞ Win+. or ; opens the emoji panel while typing (this was changed on the "May 2019 update").
* ⊞ Win+H opens the dictation toolbar (after Fall Creators Update).
* ⊞ Win+P brings up projection settings: PC screen only, Duplicate, Extend, Second screen only and Connect to a wireless display.
* ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+S Opens Snip & Sketch tool to capture screen selection and puts into clipboard.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt Opens website https://www.office.com/?from=OfficeKey,
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+D Opens OneDrive.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+L Opens website LinkedIn.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+Y Opens website Yammer.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+N Opens OneNote.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+O Opens Outlook.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+P Opens PowerPoint.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+T Opens Teams.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+W Opens Word.
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+X Opens Excel.
* ⊞ Win+, Opens the Workspace (temporality) (ends when you release the key ,).
* ⊞ Win+Ctrl+C Enables or disables the color filters.

### Windows 11

Windows 11 introduce the following:
* ⊞ Win+C Opens Copilot. This was however retired a year later
* ⊞ Win+Z brings up snapping options that normally appear when hovering over the maximize/restore button with the mouse.
* ⊞ Win+N opens the notification center and calendar.

### Microsoft Office

Additional installed software may introduce other shortcuts using the Windows key. For example, various Microsoft Office applications add shortcuts of their own:
* ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+S to take a screenshot for OneNote; conflicts with ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+S on Windows 8.1.
* ⊞ Win+E to open a new side note in OneNote.
* ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+N to open OneNote.
* ⊞ Win+Y to open Skype for Business. This shortcut also places the cursor directly on the search bar. (Disabled in Skype for Business 2016)

## Use with other operating systems

The Windows key can also be used on other operating systems, though it usually carries a different name in them. Some cross-platform applications refer to the key as the OS key.
X/Wayland (used on Linux and similar) use the keysym "Super" for the Windows key(s), and toggles the MOD4 shift bit. Most Unix desktop environments use it much like Windows, with Super activating a primary menu similar to the Windows Start menu, and in combination with character keys performing actions such as run-command, often with the shortcuts and actions the same as Windows for familiarity. A common action that is not shared with Windows is for the Super key to allow dragging a window around from any location without raising it.
If one plugs a Windows keyboard into a macOS computer, the Windows key acts as the ⌘ Command. As Alt or AltGr acts as ⌥ Option, the physical locations of the keys that act as Command and Alt are swapped. Plugging a Macintosh keyboard into a Windows (or Linux) machine does the reverse mapping and thus also swaps the locations.
If one plugs a Windows keyboard into a computer running ChromeOS, the Windows key acts as the Search key. A standard ChromeOS keyboard has this key in the location where Caps Lock usually is.
If one plugs a Windows keyboard into an Xbox 360, pressing the Windows key performs the same action as the Guide button on Xbox 360 Controller or remote controls, opening the Xbox Guide. Holding down the Windows key and pressing M opens a pop up conversation window over gameplay, if an instant message conversation is in progress. On an Xbox One or Xbox Series S/X, pressing the Windows key performs the same action as pressing the Xbox button on the controller.
On a PlayStation 3 console, pressing the Windows key performs the same action as the PS Button on the Sixaxis and DualShock 3, opening the XrossMediaBar.