# Ḷ (Indic)

Indic letters :
Consonants :
| Ka | Ca | Ṭa | Ta | Pa | Ya | Śa |
| Kha | Cha | Ṭha | Tha | Pha | Ra | Ṣa |
| Ga | Ja | Ḍa | Da | Ba | La | Sa |
| Gha | Jha | Ḍha | Dha | Bha | Va | Ha |
| Ṅa | Ña | Ṇa | Na | Ma | | |
| | Ḷa | Ḻa | Ṟa | | | |
Vowels :
| A | I | U | Ṛ | Ḷ | E | O |
| Ā | Ī | Ū | Ṝ | Ḹ | Ai | Au |
Other marks :
Chandrabindu
Anusvara
Visarga
Virama
Nuqta
Avagraha :
Punctuation :
Daṇḍa :
vte :
Ḷ or Vocalic L is a vowel symbol of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Ḷ is derived from the Brahmi letter . As an Indic vowel, Ḷ comes in two normally distinct forms: 1) as an independent letter, and 2) as a sign for modifying a base consonant. Bare consonants without a modifying vowel sign have the inherent "A" vowel.

## Āryabhaṭa numeration

Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The ॢ sign was used to modify a consonant's value ×10$^8$, but the vowel letter ऌ did not have an inherent value by itself.

## Historic Ḷ

There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Ḷ as found in Brahmi was missing in earlier geometric styles, but emerged as a vowel mark during more flowing styles of Brahmi, such as the Kushana and Gupta. In both Tocharian and Kharoṣṭhī, Ḷ is not currently known from any source materials.

### Brahmi Ḷ

The Brahmi letter Ḷ is only found as a vowel mark, and is derived from the consonant La, and therefore is probably from the Aramaic Lamed . This would make it related to the modern Latin L and Greek Lambda. Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ḷ can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period. As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, but Ḷ must be back-formed from later forms to match the reference geometric writing style, and the reference image for the independent letter is just the vowel mark enlarged to the size of a full letter.

## Devanagari Ḷ

Ḷ (ऌ) is a vowel of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via Gupta. Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ઌ, and the Modi letter 𑘈.

### Devanagari Using Languages

The Devanagari script is used to write the Hindi language, Sanskrit and the majority of Indo-Aryan languages. In most of these languages, ऌ is pronounced as. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.

## Bengali-Assamese Ḷ

Ḷ (ঌ) is a vowel of the Bengali-Assamese abugida. It is derived from the Siddhaṃ letter , and is marked by the lack of horizontal head line and less geometric shape than its Devanagari counterpart, ऌ.

### Bengali-Assamese Script Using Languages

The Bengali-Assamese script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the Bengali language and Assamese. In most languages, ঌ is pronounced as. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali-Assamese vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel.

## Gujarati Ḷ

Ḷ (ઌ) is a vowel of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Ḷ , and ultimately the Brahmi letter .

### Gujarati-using Languages

The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ઌ is pronounced as. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel.

## Telugu Ḷ

Ḷ (ఌ) is a vowel of the Telugu abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter . It is closely related to the Kannada letter ಌ. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Ḷ is a non-attaching vowel sign, and does not alter the underlying consonant or contextually shape itself in any way.

## Malayalam Ḷ

Ḷ (ഌ) is a vowel of the Malayalam abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Grantha letter ḷ. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound.

## Odia Ḷ

Ḷ (ଌ) is a vowel of the Odia abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Siddhaṃ letter ḷ. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia.

## Tirhuta Ḷ

Ḷ (𑒉) is a vowel of the Tirhuta abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , via the Siddhaṃ letter l. Like in other Indic scripts, Tirhuta vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Tirhuta usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No consonants are altered in form when adding the Ḷ vowel mark, although there are some consonant+vowel ligatures in Tirhuta.

## Comparison of Ḷ

The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ḷ, are related as well.
Comparison of Ḷ in different scripts :
| | | | | | | | | Aramaic | Aramaic | Aramaic | Aramaic | Aramaic | Aramaic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Kharoṣṭhī - | Kharoṣṭhī - | Kharoṣṭhī - | Kharoṣṭhī - | Kharoṣṭhī - | Kharoṣṭhī - | | | | | | | | | | | Ashoka Brahmi | Ashoka Brahmi | Ashoka Brahmi | Ashoka Brahmi | Ashoka Brahmi | Ashoka Brahmi | | | Kushana Brahmi 𑀍 | Kushana Brahmi 𑀍 | Kushana Brahmi 𑀍 | Kushana Brahmi 𑀍 | Kushana Brahmi 𑀍 | Kushana Brahmi 𑀍 | | | Tocharian - | Tocharian - | Tocharian - | Tocharian - | Tocharian - | Tocharian - | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Gupta Brahmi 𑀍 | Gupta Brahmi 𑀍 | Gupta Brahmi 𑀍 | Gupta Brahmi 𑀍 | Gupta Brahmi 𑀍 | Gupta Brahmi 𑀍 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pallava - | Pallava - | Pallava - | Pallava - | Pallava - | Pallava - | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kadamba - | Kadamba - | Kadamba - | Kadamba - | Kadamba - | Kadamba - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Bhaiksuki 𑰈 | Bhaiksuki 𑰈 | Bhaiksuki 𑰈 | Bhaiksuki 𑰈 | Bhaiksuki 𑰈 | Bhaiksuki 𑰈 | | | Siddhaṃ | Siddhaṃ | Siddhaṃ | Siddhaṃ | Siddhaṃ | Siddhaṃ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Grantha 𑌌 | Grantha 𑌌 | Grantha 𑌌 | Grantha 𑌌 | Grantha 𑌌 | Grantha 𑌌 | | | Cham - | Cham - | Cham - | Cham - | Cham - | Cham - | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sinhala ඏ | Sinhala ඏ | Sinhala ඏ | Sinhala ඏ | Sinhala ඏ | Sinhala ඏ | | | Pyu / Old Mon - | Pyu / Old Mon - | Pyu / Old Mon - | Pyu / Old Mon - | Pyu / Old Mon - | Pyu / Old Mon - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tibetan ླྀ | Tibetan ླྀ | Tibetan ླྀ | Tibetan ླྀ | Tibetan ླྀ | Tibetan ླྀ | | | | | Newa 𑐈 | Newa 𑐈 | Newa 𑐈 | Newa 𑐈 | Newa 𑐈 | Newa 𑐈 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ahom - | Ahom - | Ahom - | Ahom - | Ahom - | Ahom - | | | Malayalam ഌ | Malayalam ഌ | Malayalam ഌ | Malayalam ഌ | Malayalam ഌ | Malayalam ഌ | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Telugu ఌ | Telugu ఌ | Telugu ఌ | Telugu ఌ | Telugu ఌ | Telugu ఌ | | | Burmese ၔ | Burmese ၔ | Burmese ၔ | Burmese ၔ | Burmese ၔ | Burmese ၔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Lepcha - | Lepcha - | Lepcha - | Lepcha - | Lepcha - | Lepcha - | | | | | Ranjana | Ranjana | Ranjana | Ranjana | Ranjana | Ranjana | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Saurashtra ꢊ | Saurashtra ꢊ | Saurashtra ꢊ | Saurashtra ꢊ | Saurashtra ꢊ | Saurashtra ꢊ | | | Dives Akuru - | Dives Akuru - | Dives Akuru - | Dives Akuru - | Dives Akuru - | Dives Akuru - | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kannada ಌ | Kannada ಌ | Kannada ಌ | Kannada ಌ | Kannada ಌ | Kannada ಌ | | | Kayah Li - | Kayah Li - | Kayah Li - | Kayah Li - | Kayah Li - | Kayah Li - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Limbu - | Limbu - | Limbu - | Limbu - | Limbu - | Limbu - | | | | | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Khmer - | Khmer - | Khmer - | Khmer - | Khmer - | Khmer - | | | Tamil - | Tamil - | Tamil - | Tamil - | Tamil - | Tamil - | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chakma - | Chakma - | Chakma - | Chakma - | Chakma - | Chakma - | | | Tai Tham - | Tai Tham - | Tai Tham - | Tai Tham - | Tai Tham - | Tai Tham - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Meitei Mayek - | Meitei Mayek - | Meitei Mayek - | Meitei Mayek - | Meitei Mayek - | Meitei Mayek - | | | | | Gaudi - | Gaudi - | Gaudi - | Gaudi - | Gaudi - | Gaudi - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Thai - | Thai - | Thai - | Thai - | Thai - | Thai - | | | Lao - | Lao - | Lao - | Lao - | Lao - | Lao - | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tai Le - | Tai Le - | Tai Le - | Tai Le - | Tai Le - | Tai Le - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Marchen - | Marchen - | Marchen - | Marchen - | Marchen - | Marchen - | | | | | Tirhuta 𑒉 | Tirhuta 𑒉 | Tirhuta 𑒉 | Tirhuta 𑒉 | Tirhuta 𑒉 | Tirhuta 𑒉 | | | | | | | | | | | | | New Tai Lue - | New Tai Lue - | New Tai Lue - | New Tai Lue - | New Tai Lue - | New Tai Lue - | | | Tai Viet - | Tai Viet - | Tai Viet - | Tai Viet - | Tai Viet - | Tai Viet - | | | Aksara Kawi - | Aksara Kawi - | Aksara Kawi - | Aksara Kawi - | Aksara Kawi - | Aksara Kawi - |
| | | 'Phags-pa - | 'Phags-pa - | 'Phags-pa - | 'Phags-pa - | 'Phags-pa - | 'Phags-pa - | | | Odia ଌ | Odia ଌ | Odia ଌ | Odia ଌ | Odia ଌ | Odia ଌ | | | | | Sharada 𑆋 | Sharada 𑆋 | Sharada 𑆋 | Sharada 𑆋 | Sharada 𑆋 | Sharada 𑆋 | | | Rejang - | Rejang - | Rejang - | Rejang - | Rejang - | Rejang - | | | Batak - | Batak - | Batak - | Batak - | Batak - | Batak - | | | Buginese - | Buginese - | Buginese - | Buginese - | Buginese - | Buginese - |
| Zanabazar Square - | Zanabazar Square - | Zanabazar Square - | Zanabazar Square - | Zanabazar Square - | Zanabazar Square - | | | | | Bengali-Assamese | Bengali-Assamese | Bengali-Assamese | Bengali-Assamese | Bengali-Assamese | Bengali-Assamese | | | Takri - | Takri - | Takri - | Takri - | Takri - | Takri - | | | | | Javanese ꦊ | Javanese ꦊ | Javanese ꦊ | Javanese ꦊ | Javanese ꦊ | Javanese ꦊ | | | Balinese ᬍ | Balinese ᬍ | Balinese ᬍ | Balinese ᬍ | Balinese ᬍ | Balinese ᬍ | | | Makasar - | Makasar - | Makasar - | Makasar - | Makasar - | Makasar - |
| Hangul - | Hangul - | Hangul - | Hangul - | Hangul - | Hangul - | | | | | Northern Nagari - | Northern Nagari - | Northern Nagari - | Northern Nagari - | Northern Nagari - | Northern Nagari - | | | Dogri - | Dogri - | Dogri - | Dogri - | Dogri - | Dogri - | | | Laṇḍā - | Laṇḍā - | Laṇḍā - | Laṇḍā - | Laṇḍā - | Laṇḍā - | | | | | Sundanese ᮼ | Sundanese ᮼ | Sundanese ᮼ | Sundanese ᮼ | Sundanese ᮼ | Sundanese ᮼ | | | Baybayin - | Baybayin - | Baybayin - | Baybayin - | Baybayin - | Baybayin - |
| Modi 𑘈 | Modi 𑘈 | Modi 𑘈 | Modi 𑘈 | Modi 𑘈 | Modi 𑘈 | | | Gujarati ઌ | Gujarati ઌ | Gujarati ઌ | Gujarati ઌ | Gujarati ઌ | Gujarati ઌ | | | | | | | Khojki - | Khojki - | Khojki - | Khojki - | Khojki - | Khojki - | | | Khudabadi - | Khudabadi - | Khudabadi - | Khudabadi - | Khudabadi - | Khudabadi - | | | Mahajani - | Mahajani - | Mahajani - | Mahajani - | Mahajani - | Mahajani - | | | Tagbanwa - | Tagbanwa - | Tagbanwa - | Tagbanwa - | Tagbanwa - | Tagbanwa - |
| Devanagari | Devanagari | Devanagari | Devanagari | Devanagari | Devanagari | | | Nandinagari - | Nandinagari - | Nandinagari - | Nandinagari - | Nandinagari - | Nandinagari - | | | Kaithi - | Kaithi - | Kaithi - | Kaithi - | Kaithi - | Kaithi - | | | | | Gurmukhi - | Gurmukhi - | Gurmukhi - | Gurmukhi - | Gurmukhi - | Gurmukhi - | | | Multani - | Multani - | Multani - | Multani - | Multani - | Multani - | | | | | Buhid - | Buhid - | Buhid - | Buhid - | Buhid - | Buhid - |
| Canadian Syllabics - | Canadian Syllabics - | Canadian Syllabics - | Canadian Syllabics - | Canadian Syllabics - | Canadian Syllabics - | | | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | Soyombo 𑩚 | | | Sylheti Nagari - | Sylheti Nagari - | Sylheti Nagari - | Sylheti Nagari - | Sylheti Nagari - | Sylheti Nagari - | | | Gunjala Gondi - | Gunjala Gondi - | Gunjala Gondi - | Gunjala Gondi - | Gunjala Gondi - | Gunjala Gondi - | | | | | Masaram Gondi - | Masaram Gondi - | Masaram Gondi - | Masaram Gondi - | Masaram Gondi - | Masaram Gondi - | | | | | Hanuno'o - | Hanuno'o - | Hanuno'o - | Hanuno'o - | Hanuno'o - | Hanuno'o - |

## Character encodings of Ḷ

Most Indic scripts are encoded in the Unicode Standard, and as such the letter Ḷ in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ḷ from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as ISCII.
Character information :
| Preview | | | | | ఌ | ఌ | ଌ | ଌ | ಌ | ಌ | ഌ | ഌ | ઌ | ઌ |
| Unicode name | DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L | DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L | BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC L | BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC L | TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC L | TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC L | ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L | ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L | KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L | KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L | MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L | MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L | GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC L | GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC L |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 2316 | U+090C | 2444 | U+098C | 3084 | U+0C0C | 2828 | U+0B0C | 3212 | U+0C8C | 3340 | U+0D0C | 2700 | U+0A8C |
| UTF-8 | 224 164 140 | E0 A4 8C | 224 166 140 | E0 A6 8C | 224 176 140 | E0 B0 8C | 224 172 140 | E0 AC 8C | 224 178 140 | E0 B2 8C | 224 180 140 | E0 B4 8C | 224 170 140 | E0 AA 8C |
| Numeric character reference | &#2316; | &#x90C; | &#2444; | &#x98C; | &#3084; | &#xC0C; | &#2828; | &#xB0C; | &#3212; | &#xC8C; | &#3340; | &#xD0C; | &#2700; | &#xA8C; |
| ISCII | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Character information :
| Preview | AshokaKushanaGupta | AshokaKushanaGupta | | | 𑌌 | 𑌌 |
| Unicode name | BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC L | BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC L | SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC L | SIDDHAM LETTER VOCALIC L | GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC L | GRANTHA LETTER VOCALIC L |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 69645 | U+1100D | 71048 | U+11588 | 70412 | U+1130C |
| UTF-8 | 240 145 128 141 | F0 91 80 8D | 240 145 150 136 | F0 91 96 88 | 240 145 140 140 | F0 91 8C 8C |
| UTF-16 | 55300 56333 | D804 DC0D | 55301 56712 | D805 DD88 | 55300 57100 | D804 DF0C |
| Numeric character reference | &#69645; | &#x1100D; | &#71048; | &#x11588; | &#70412; | &#x1130C; |
Character information :
| Preview | 𑐈 | 𑐈 | 𑰈 | 𑰈 | 𑆋 | 𑆋 |
| Unicode name | NEWA LETTER VOCALIC L | NEWA LETTER VOCALIC L | BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC L | BHAIKSUKI LETTER VOCALIC L | SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC L | SHARADA LETTER VOCALIC L |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 70664 | U+11408 | 72712 | U+11C08 | 70027 | U+1118B |
| UTF-8 | 240 145 144 136 | F0 91 90 88 | 240 145 176 136 | F0 91 B0 88 | 240 145 134 139 | F0 91 86 8B |
| UTF-16 | 55301 56328 | D805 DC08 | 55303 56328 | D807 DC08 | 55300 56715 | D804 DD8B |
| Numeric character reference | &#70664; | &#x11408; | &#72712; | &#x11C08; | &#70027; | &#x1118B; |
Character information :
| Preview | ၔ | ၔ |
| Unicode name | MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC L | MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC L |
| Encodings | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 4180 | U+1054 |
| UTF-8 | 225 129 148 | E1 81 94 |
| Numeric character reference | &#4180; | &#x1054; |
Character information :
| Preview | ឭ | ឭ |
| Unicode name | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LY | KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LY |
| Encodings | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 6061 | U+17AD |
| UTF-8 | 225 158 173 | E1 9E AD |
| Numeric character reference | &#6061; | &#x17AD; |
Character information :
| Preview | ඏ | ඏ | ꢊ | ꢊ |
| Unicode name | SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA | SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA | SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC L | SAURASHTRA LETTER VOCALIC L |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 3471 | U+0D8F | 43146 | U+A88A |
| UTF-8 | 224 182 143 | E0 B6 8F | 234 162 138 | EA A2 8A |
| Numeric character reference | &#3471; | &#xD8F; | &#43146; | &#xA88A; |
Character information :
| Preview | 𑘈 | 𑘈 |
| Unicode name | MODI LETTER VOCALIC L | MODI LETTER VOCALIC L |
| Encodings | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 71176 | U+11608 |
| UTF-8 | 240 145 152 136 | F0 91 98 88 |
| UTF-16 | 55301 56840 | D805 DE08 |
| Numeric character reference | &#71176; | &#x11608; |
Character information :
| Preview | 𑒉 | 𑒉 |
| Unicode name | TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC L | TIRHUTA LETTER VOCALIC L |
| Encodings | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 70793 | U+11489 |
| UTF-8 | 240 145 146 137 | F0 91 92 89 |
| UTF-16 | 55301 56457 | D805 DC89 |
| Numeric character reference | &#70793; | &#x11489; |
Character information :
| Preview | ᬍ | ᬍ | ꦊ | ꦊ | ᮼ | ᮼ |
| Unicode name | BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA | BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA | JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET | JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET | SUNDANESE LETTER LEU | SUNDANESE LETTER LEU |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 6925 | U+1B0D | 43402 | U+A98A | 7100 | U+1BBC |
| UTF-8 | 225 172 141 | E1 AC 8D | 234 166 138 | EA A6 8A | 225 174 188 | E1 AE BC |
| Numeric character reference | &#6925; | &#x1B0D; | &#43402; | &#xA98A; | &#7100; | &#x1BBC; |