# 2021 Iraqi parliamentary election

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Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 10 October 2021. The elections determined the 329 members of the Council of Representatives who in turn elected the Iraqi president and confirmed the prime minister. 25 million voters are eligible to take part in Iraq's fifth parliamentary election since the 2003 US-led invasion and the first since the 2019 Iraqi October Revolution. The election result led to the clashes in Baghdad and an 11 month long political crisis.

## Background

The elections were originally due to be held in 2022, but were brought forward to June 2021 due to the 2019–2021 Iraqi protests. They were then delayed until October as the Independent High Electoral Commission asked for more time to organize "free and fair elections", which the cabinet of Iraq approved on 19 January 2021.

## Electoral system

The electoral system was changed following the last parliamentary elections amid the 2019–2021 Iraqi protests. Previously conducted under proportional representation calculated using the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method with the governorates as constituencies, the 2021 elections were conducted under single non-transferable vote in 83 multi-member constituencies. One-quarter of total seats are reserved for women in the constituencies, while nine are reserved for minorities (5 for Christians and 1 each for Yazidis, Shabaks, Mandaeans and Feyli Kurds).

## Boycott threats

On 15 July 2021, Muqtada al-Sadr announced the Sadrist Movement intended to boycott the October 10th election, citing corruption and voter fraud and claiming that free and fair elections were impossible in the wake of the ongoing political crisis. On 24 July, the Iraqi Communist Party (which ran with the Sadrist Movement as the Alliance Towards Reforms in 2018), announced they were boycotting the elections, stating "In the absence of conditions for free and fair elections, participation in them would only mean collusion in reproducing the same corrupt political system that is responsible for the catastrophic state of affairs in the country." Louis Raphaël I Sako, Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church, also called on Christians to boycott the election.
The boycotts have been condemned by the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, as well as by other Iraqi political parties and leaders, including former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, leader of the State of Law Coalition, and the Kurdistan Democratic Party.
On 27 August, al-Sadr reversed his decision to boycott and announced his party would take part in the election.
On 9 October, Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party announced that they would withdraw their candidates from the elections in Dohuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah governorates (10 constituencies) and declared their support for the Kurdistan Democratic Party.

## Voter turnout by province

Iraq's Independent High Electoral Commission initially published a national voter turnout of 42.15%, with 8,818,210 voters out of an electorate of 20,919,844. The Commission later updated these results to show a slightly lower turnout of 41.05%, based on 9,077,779 voters out of 22,116,368 eligible.
| Province | Turnout |
| Anbar | 43% |
| Babil | 46% |
| Baghdad–Al-Rusafa | 31% |
| Baghdad–Karkh | 34% |
| Basra | 40% |
| Duhok | 54% |
| Dhi Qar | 42% |
| Diyala | 46% |
| Erbil | 46% |
| Karbala | 44% |
| Kirkuk | 44% |
| Maysan | 43% |
| Muthanna | 44% |
| Najaf | 41% |
| Nineveh | 42% |
| Al-Qadisiyyah | 42% |
| Saladin | 48% |
| Sulaymaniyah $_{(incl.Halabja)}$ | 37% |
| Wasit | 44% |
| Turnout | 41.05% |

## Results

Soldiers, prisoners, and displaced people voted early on 8 October.
The Independent High Electoral Commission announced partial preliminary results on 11 October. The Sadrist political bloc received the most seats after the initial count, with 73. The political Fatah Alliance, a coalition of the pro-Iran Badr Organisation and Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq (AAH), won 17 seats, down from the 48 it had won in the prior election. Hadi al-Amiri and Qais al-Khazali, leaders of Badr Organisation and AAH respectively, rejected the results, alleging "fraud" in the elections. They took their case to court seeking "to have the results annulled" because of "serious violations". On 12 October, the commission announced a manual count of polling stations that were not electronically counted in the initial canvass. Of the total 57,944 polling stations, 45,716 uploaded electronic results. 8,547 stations were selected by lottery to be manually counted, while the remaining 3,681 stations experienced technical difficulties necessitating a manual count as well. This manual count is expected to modify the overall allocation of seats.
On 15 October, the commission noted it had received 356 complaints about the preliminary election count by the 14 October deadline. The complaints division must address the complaints within seven days, which may then be reviewed by the judiciary within ten days. Final results will not be released until the complaints are resolved.
Late on 16 October, the commission announced its updated preliminary results after completion of manual recounts. The updated results triggered another opportunity to file election complaints with a deadline of 19 October. The commission had received over 1,000 complaints by 18 October, but a spokesperson stated it was unlikely the appeals will change the outcome.
On 27 December, the Iraqi Supreme Court ratified the parliamentary election results after rejecting a complaint of irregularities filed by al-Amiri and al-Khazali.
Official final results, after recounting by The High Electoral Commission were shared on November 30.
The Alliance Towards Reforms won 73 seats, with the Progress Party winning 37, the State of Law Coalition winning 34, the Kurdistan Democratic Party with 32, the Fatah Alliance winning 17 seats, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan gaining 16 seats, the Azem Alliance with 12 seats, while the Emtidad Movement and the New Generation Movement received nine seats each, and political independents gained 40 seats.
As for the seats reserved for minorities, the Babylon Movement won 4 seats out of 5 reserved for Christians, while 1 seat was gained by an independent candidate. The Yazidi single seat was won by the Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress. Likewise, one seat each reserved for the Yezidi and Shabak communities were won by Nayef Khalaf Sido of the Yezidi Progress Party, and independent candidate Waad Mahmoud Ahmed respectively.
| | Sadrist Movement | 885,310 | 10.00 | 73 | +19 |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 781,670 | 8.83 | 31 | +6 |
| | Progress Party | 637,198 | 7.20 | 37 | New |
| | State of Law Coalition | 502,188 | 5.67 | 33 | +8 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 462,800 | 5.23 | 17 | –31 |
| | Azem Alliance | 421,579 | 4.76 | 14 | New |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 368,226 | 4.16 | 17 | –1 |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 359,876 | 4.06 | 4 | –38 |
| | Emtidad Movement | 299,303 | 3.38 | 9 | New |
| | National Contract Alliance | 235,726 | 2.66 | 4 | New |
| | New Generation Movement | 233,834 | 2.64 | 9 | +5 |
| | Tasmim Alliance | 153,614 | 1.73 | 5 | New |
| | National Approach Alliance | 107,600 | 1.22 | 1 | New |
| | Ishraqat Kanoon | 100,374 | 1.13 | 6 | New |
| | Rights Movement | 99,503 | 1.12 | 1 | New |
| | Eqtadar Watan Party | 73,210 | 0.83 | 1 | New |
| | Kurdistan Justice Group | 64,025 | 0.72 | 1 | –1 |
| | Our People are Our Identity | 58,089 | 0.66 | 3 | New |
| | Babylon Movement | 50,378 | 0.57 | 4 | +2 |
| | National Party of the Masses | 49,443 | 0.56 | 1 | –1 |
| | Iraqi Turkmen Front | 48,422 | 0.55 | 1 | –2 |
| | Iraqi National Project | 45,197 | 0.51 | 1 | New |
| | Al Furatain Party | 39,500 | 0.45 | 1 | New |
| | National Product Party | 35,891 | 0.41 | 1 | New |
| | Wasit Independents Bloc | 30,918 | 0.35 | 1 | New |
| | Decisive Reform Movement | 26,973 | 0.30 | 3 | New |
| | Arab Coalition of Kirkuk | 26,414 | 0.30 | 1 | –2 |
| | Loyalty and Change Bloc | 15,241 | 0.17 | 1 | New |
| | National Hopes Bloc | 15,140 | 0.17 | 1 | New |
| | The Nation's Party | 12,266 | 0.14 | 1 | New |
| | Biladi National Movement | 8,384 | 0.09 | 1 | New |
| | National Support Bloc | 6,515 | 0.07 | 1 | New |
| | Yazidi Progress Party | 3,988 | 0.05 | 1 | 0 |
| | Other parties | 908,438 | 10.26 | 0 | – |
| | Independents | 1,686,792 | 19.05 | 43 | – |
| Total | Total | 8,854,025 | 100.00 | 329 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 22,116,368 | – | | |
| Source: Full IHEC data ||||||

### By governorate
#### Baghdad Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 314,748 | 21.44 | 27 | +10 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 166,125 | 11.31 | 13 | +4 |
| | Al Takadum Movement | 131,960 | 8.99 | 11 | – |
| | Azem Alliance | 116,408 | 7.93 | 7 | – |
| | Fatah Alliance | 72,987 | 4.97 | 3 | —7 |
| | Rights Movement | 35,029 | 2.39 | 1 | – |
| | Ishraqat Kanoon | 20,281 | 1.38 | 1 | – |
| | Al Furatain Party | 14,041 | 0.96 | 1 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 64,815 | 4.41 | 0 | —8 |
| | Other parties | 349,730 | 23.82 | – | – |
| | Independents | 182,126 | 12.40 | 5 | – |
| Total | Total | 1,468,250 | 100.00 | 69 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 5,793,605 | 25.3% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Anbar Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Al Takadum Movement | 201,439 | 46.16 | 10 | − |
| | Azem Alliance | 77,097 | 17.67 | 1 | – |
| | National Contract Alliance | 18,483 | 4.24 | 0 | – |
| | National Will Party | 13,632 | 3.12 | 0 | – |
| | Other parties | 34,155 | 7.83 | – | – |
| | Independents | 91,587 | 20.99 | 4 | – |
| Total | Total | 436,393 | 100.00 | 15 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,091,644 | 40.0% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Babil Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | State of Law Coalition | 35,597 | 6.78 | 3 | +1 |
| | Sadrist Movement | 59,589 | 11.34 | 2 | −2 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 43,522 | 8.29 | 2 | −2 |
| | Emtidad Movement | 39,338 | 7.49 | 2 | – |
| | Ishraq Kanoon | 22,159 | 4.22 | 2 | – |
| | Loyalty and Change Bloc | 15,241 | 2.90 | 1 | – |
| | Al Takadum Movement | 10,560 | 2.01 | 1 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 48,484 | 9.23 | 0 | −3 |
| | Other parties | 97,646 | 18.59 | – | – |
| | Independents | 153,158 | 29.16 | 4 | – |
| Total | Total | 525,294 | 100.00 | 17 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,281,860 | 41.0% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Basrah Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 78,657 | 12.33 | 9 | +4 |
| | Tasmim Alliance | 108,044 | 16.94 | 5 | – |
| | Fatah Alliance | 45,189 | 7.08 | 3 | −3 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 41,594 | 6.52 | 1 | −3 |
| | National Contract Alliance | 39,759 | 6.23 | 1 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 36,104 | 5.66 | 1 | −4 |
| | National Approach Alliance | 28,639 | 4.49 | 1 | – |
| | National Support Alliance | 6,515 | 1.02 | 1 | – |
| | Biladi National Movement | 4,866 | 0.76 | 1 | – |
| | Other parties | 130,566 | 20.47 | – | – |
| | Independents | 117,887 | 18.48 | 2 | – |
| Total | Total | 637,820 | 100.00 | 25 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,887,231 | 33.8% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Dhi Qar Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 75,645 | 15.38 | 9 | +3 |
| | Emtidad Movement | 152,761 | 31.05 | 5 | – |
| | State of Law Coalition | 42,572 | 8.65 | 4 | +1 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 28,649 | 5.82 | 0 | −5 |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 22,727 | 4.62 | 0 | −3 |
| | Other parties | 98,970 | 20.12 | – | – |
| | Independents | 70,672 | 14.36 | 1 | – |
| Total | Total | 491,996 | 100.00 | 19 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,312,275 | 37.5% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Diyala Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Azem Alliance | 94,926 | 19.75 | 4 | – |
| | Al Takadum Movement | 68,268 | 14.20 | 4 | – |
| | Fatah Alliance | 72,685 | 15.12 | 3 | 0 |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 21,722 | 4.52 | 1 | 0 |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 27,393 | 5.70 | 0 | –1 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 23,367 | 4.86 | 0 | 0 |
| | Other parties | 88,376 | 18.38 | – | – |
| | Independents | 83,965 | 17.47 | 2 | – |
| Total | Total | 480,702 | 100.00 | 14 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,074,442 | 44.7% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Dohuk Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 261,543 | 61.33 | 8 | –2 |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 25,040 | 5.87 | 1 | +1 |
| | Babylon Movement | 13,630 | 3.20 | 1 | +1 |
| | New Generation Movement | 19,492 | 4.57 | – | – |
| | Other parties | 18,561 | 4.35 | – | – |
| | Independents | 88,191 | 20.68 | 2 | +2 |
| Total | Total | 426,457 | 100.00 | 12 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 822,703 | 51.8% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Erbil Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 261,518 | 55.98 | 10 | +2 |
| | New Generation Movement | 78,765 | 16.86 | 3 | +1 |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 69,958 | 14.97 | 2 | 0 |
| | Other parties | 40,432 | 8.65 | – | – |
| | Independents | 16,514 | 3.53 | 1 | – |
| Total | Total | 467,187 | 100.00 | 16 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,238,379 | 37.7% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Karbala Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 51,005 | 17.35 | 4 | +1 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 34,267 | 11.66 | 2 | 0 |
| | Ishraq Kanoon | 27,359 | 9.31 | 2 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 16,639 | 5.66 | 1 | −1 |
| | National Hopes Movement | 12,589 | 4.28 | 1 | – |
| | National Product Party | 1,730 | 0.59 | 1 | – |
| | Fatah Alliance | 21,532 | 7.32 | 0 | −3 |
| | Other parties | 101,842 | 34.65 | – | – |
| | Independents | 26,994 | 9.18 | 0 | – |
| Total | Total | 293,957 | 100.00 | 11 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 770,838 | 38.1% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Kirkuk Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 63,371 | 15.41 | 2 | –4 |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 49,631 | 12.07 | 2 | +2 |
| | Iraqi Turkmen Front | 45,753 | 11.13 | 1 | –2 |
| | Al Takadum Movement | 42,290 | 10.29 | 1 | – |
| | Arab Coalition of Kirkuk | 26,414 | 6.42 | 1 | –2 |
| | New Generation Movement | 25,409 | 6.18 | 1 | +1 |
| | National Contract Alliance | 10,255 | 2.49 | 1 | – |
| | Fatah Alliance | 7,731 | 1.88 | 1 | +1 |
| | Other parties | 35,733 | 8.69 | – | – |
| | Independents | 104,560 | 25.43 | 2 | – |
| Total | Total | 411,147 | 100.00 | 12 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,011,928 | 40.6% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Maysan Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 105,275 | 38.76 | 7 | +2 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 32,639 | 12.02 | 2 | +1 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 27,667 | 10.19 | 0 | −2 |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 18,680 | 6.88 | 0 | −1 |
| | Other parties | 33,023 | 12.16 | – | – |
| | Independents | 54,312 | 20.00 | 1 | – |
| Total | Total | 271,596 | 100.00 | 10 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 763,140 | 35.6% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Muthanna Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | State of Law Coalition | 31,691 | 15.79 | 3 | +2 |
| | Sadrist Movement | 17,665 | 8.80 | 2 | 0 |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 28,389 | 14.14 | 1 | 0 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 6,681 | 3.33 | 0 | −2 |
| | Other parties | 71,553 | 35.64 | – | – |
| | Independents | 44,770 | 22.30 | 1 | – |
| Total | Total | 200,749 | 100.00 | 7 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 527,555 | 38.1% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Najaf Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 68,140 | 20.16 | 5 | +1 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 29,170 | 8.63 | 2 | +1 |
| | Emtidad Movement | 30,494 | 9.02 | 1 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 28,689 | 8.49 | 0 | −3 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 21,612 | 6.39 | 0 | −3 |
| | Other parties | 78,937 | 23.35 | – | – |
| | Independents | 80,970 | 23.95 | 4 | – |
| Total | Total | 338,012 | 100.00 | 12 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 946,853 | 35.7% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Nineveh Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 136,990 | 17.12 | 9 | +3 |
| | Al Takadum Movement | 123,080 | 15.39 | 8 | – |
| | Decisive Reform Movement | 26,973 | 3.37 | 3 | – |
| | National Contract Alliance | 54,730 | 6.84 | 2 | – |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 30,538 | 3.82 | 2 | +1 |
| | Azem Alliance | 58,831 | 7.35 | 1 | – |
| | National Party of the Masses | 33,837 | 4.23 | 1 | −1 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 33,734 | 4.22 | 1 | −2 |
| | Iraqi National Project | 10,546 | 1.32 | 1 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 18,950 | 2.37 | 0 | −7 |
| | Other parties | 84,110 | 10.51 | – | – |
| | Independents | 187,672 | 23.46 | 3 | – |
| Total | Total | 799,991 | 100.00 | 31 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,330,632 | 34.3% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Al Qadisiyyah Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 33,406 | 10.75 | 3 | 0 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 31,515 | 10.15 | 2 | +1 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 29,193 | 9.40 | 2 | −1 |
| | Ishraq Kanoon | 16,880 | 5.43 | 1 | – |
| | Emtidad Movement | 15,726 | 5.06 | 1 | – |
| | Eqtadar Watan Party | 12,684 | 4.08 | 1 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 23,083 | 7.43 | 0 | −2 |
| | Other parties | 90,728 | 29.21 | – | – |
| | Independents | 57,427 | 18.49 | 1 | – |
| Total | Total | 310,642 | 100.00 | 11 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 815,737 | 38.1% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Saladin Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Our People are Our Identity | 58,089 | 13.62 | 3 | – |
| | Al Takadum Movement | 56,863 | 13.33 | 2 | – |
| | Azem Alliance | 71,284 | 16.71 | 1 | – |
| | Fatah Alliance | 33,956 | 7.96 | 1 | −1 |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 12,334 | 2.89 | 1 | +1 |
| | The Nation's Party | 12,266 | 2.88 | 1 | – |
| | State of Law Coalition | 12,990 | 3.05 | 0 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 3,126 | 0.73 | 0 | −2 |
| | Other parties | 74,050 | 17.36 | – | – |
| | Independents | 91,616 | 21.48 | 3 | – |
| Total | Total | 426,574 | 100.00 | 12 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 957,291 | 44.6% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Sulaymaniyah Governorate

These results include Halabja Governorate.
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Kurdistani Coalition | 141,660 | 36.08 | 8 | 0 |
| | New Generation Movement | 106,318 | 27.08 | 5 | +3 |
| | Kurdistan Democratic Party | 54,891 | 13.98 | 2 | +1 |
| | Kurdistan Justice Group | 44,639 | 11.37 | 1 | –1 |
| | Other parties | 5,166 | 1.32 | – | – |
| | Independents | 39,993 | 10.18 | 2 | – |
| Total | Total | 392,667 | 100.00 | 18 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 1,425,705 | 27.5% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

#### Wasit Governorate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Sadrist Movement | 56,364 | 16.20 | 5 | +2 |
| | Wasit Independents Bloc | 30,918 | 8.89 | 1 | – |
| | Alliance of Nation State Forces | 18,627 | 5.35 | 1 | −1 |
| | Fatah Alliance | 17,584 | 5.05 | 1 | −1 |
| | State of Law Coalition | 16,250 | 4.67 | 1 | 0 |
| | Other parties | 86,085 | 24.74 | – | – |
| | Independents | 122,120 | 35.10 | 3 | – |
| Total | Total | 347,948 | 100.00 | 12 | – |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 855,861 | 41.0% | | |
| Source: Rudaw, IHEC ||||||

### Maps
## Aftermath
### Conduct

The United Nations Security Council issued a statement congratulating the people and Government of Iraq on the smooth conduct of a “technically sound election” and deploring related threats of violence. Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, Special Representative of United Nations, said the vote was generally peaceful and well-run. She added that “there is much for Iraqis to be proud of in this election.” She acknowledged that elections and their outcomes can provoke strong feelings, in Iraq or in any democracy across the globe and called for all groups to accept the outcome of the electoral process.