OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edmund Byng, 6th Earl of Strafford

Edmund Henry Byng, 6th Earl of Strafford, JP, DL, FZS, AMICE (27 January 1862 – 24 December 1951), styled Viscount Enfield between 1899 and 1918, of Wrotham Park in the parish of South Mimms, Middlesex (later in Hertfordshire) and 5, St James's Square, London, was an English peer.

## Origins

He was the second son (the first having died in infancy) of Reverend Francis Byng, 5th Earl of Strafford (1835–1918) by his wife Florence Louisa Miles (1840–1862), a daughter of Sir William Miles, 1st Baronet, who died giving birth to him.

## Career

He was a County Alderman in Middlesex and Hertfordshire. He was elected a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London (FZS) in July 1902. He was registered as an associate member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (AMCE). He held the office of Justice of the peace and Deputy lieutenant for the county of Middlesex.

## Marriage and children

He married Mary Elizabeth Colebrooke, a daughter of Sir Thomas Colebrooke, 4th Baronet by whom he had two daughters and co-heiresses:
* Lady (Florence) Elizabeth Alice Byng (1897–1987), eldest daughter, who was bequeathed by her father his two principal properties, Wrotham Park in Hertfordshire and 5, St James's Square in London. In 1928 she married Michael William M. Lafone of Kenya, the son of Major Edgar Mortimer Lafone (1867–1938), 4th Queen's Own Hussars and Chief Constable of the Metropolitan Police. Edgar's father was Alfred Lafone (1821–1911) of Hanworth Park, Middlesex, a wealthy leather merchant and Conservative Member of Parliament for Bermondsey. She divorced her husband in 1931, having had issue:
** Julian Michael Edmund Lafone (born 1928), a barrister who in 1952 changed his surname by deed poll to his matronymic "Byng", following a similar action by his mother following her divorce in 1931 and paternal inheritance in 1951. He attempted to evict his mother from Wrotham Park in a lawsuit presided over in the high court by Lord Oliver of Aylmerton. He inherited Wrotham Park and 5, St James's Square. In 1960 he married Eva Finola Wellesley-Wesley, only daughter of Capt. Michael Wellesley-Wesley, of Tahilla, County Kerry, Ireland, by whom he had issue including:
*** Robert Michael Julian Wentworth Byng (born 1962), since 1991 owner of Wrotham Park.
*** Georgiana Margaret Elizabeth Byng (born 1964).
* Lady Mary Millicent Rachel Byng (born 1899), younger daughter, who married Major-General Robert Francis Brydges Naylor, by whom she had children:
** Christopher Charles Francis Naylor (born 1929)
** Edmund John Robert Naylor (born 1930)
** Mary Elizabeth Katharine Naylor (born 1933)

## Succession

Upon his death in 1951, he was succeeded in the titles, but not in his estates, by his nephew, Robert Cecil Byng, 7th Earl of Strafford.
# Shatranj (1993 film)

Shatranj (transl. Chess) is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Aziz Sejawal, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Jackie Shroff, Kader Khan, Juhi Chawla and Divya Bharti. The movie marks Bharti's last film appearance. Kader Khan's son Sarfaraz Khan appeared as the younger version of his character.Shatranj was Average at the box office.

## Plot

Shatranj is the story of three brothers Dharamraj (Kader Khan), Dinky (Mithun Chakraborty) and Dino (Jackie Shroff). Dharamraj runs a garage with his two younger brothers and has remained a bachelor all his life as he hates women. He also forbids his brothers from falling in love and getting married. Tension between the brothers arises when Dinky and Dino meet and fall in love with Radha (Juhi Chawla) and Renu (Divya Bharti). After Dharamraj stops them from marrying Renu and Radha, the brothers leave home. They soon discover the real reason Dharamraj hates women. They are actually the real heirs of a wealthy business empire that was run by their father (Vikas Anand) before his death. Their father had remarried after their mother's death and their stepmother (Usha Nadkarni) ill-treated them. They also have a stepbrother Robin (Shakti Kapoor). This was the reason why Dharamraj left home and took his two brothers with him. He vowed to never marry as he feared his wife would also ill-treat his brothers. Dino and Dinky return home to their brother and he slowly starts to approve of Renu and Radha. Meanwhile, their stepmother has left her business in the hands of the corrupt Prajpati (Kiran Kumar), who is also the actual killer of their father. The brothers soon unite with Robin to save their stepmother when Prajpanti plans to steal their wealth and frame them for his crimes.

## Cast

* Mithun Chakraborty as Dinky Verma
* Jackie Shroff as Dino Verma
* Divya Bharti as Renu
* Juhi Chawla as Radha
* Shakti Kapoor as Robin
* Kader Khan as Dharamraj Verma
* Usha Nadkarni as Mrs. Verma
* Kiran Kumar as Prajpati
* Raju Shrestha as Dinky's Friend
* Jamuna as Rosy as Dharamraj's love interest
* Vikas Anand as Mr. Verma
* Sarfaraz Khan as Younger Dharamraj
* Dinesh Hingoo as Ojha Mama
* Gavin Packard as Kevin
* Arun Bakshi as Arun
* Lilliput as Garage Mechanic
* Ekta Sohini as Robin's Date
* Sahila Chadha

## Soundtrack

The lyrics of all songs were written by Sameer Anjaan and the music was composed by Anand-Milind.
| Song | Singer |
| "Ek Se Bane Do, Do Se Bane Teen" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Abhijeet, Udit Narayan |
| "Maine Na Jana Yeh Tune Na Jana" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Jayshree Shivram |
| "Ae Sanam Itna Bata, Hai Kasam" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sadhana Sargam |
| "Dil Pe Tere Pyar" | Kumar Sanu, Sadhana Sargam |
| "Koi Nahin" | Kumar Sanu, Jolly Mukherjee |
| "Parody" | Sudesh Bhosle, Poornima |

## Divya Bharti's death

This was the last film of Divya Bharti, who fell from her fifth-floor apartment and died in April 1993, eight months before the film's release in December. Although she had completed filming her scenes before her death, a dubbing artist was used to dub her voice.
# Tchoukoutalia attack

vteBoko Haram insurgency :
On August 5, 2021, jihadists from Boko Haram killed twenty-six Chadian soldiers near the village of Tchoukoutalia on the shore of Lake Chad.

## Background

In 2016, Boko Haram founder and commander Abubakar Shekau pledged allegiance to the Islamic State and renamed the group Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP), although the central Islamic State command installed Abu Musab al-Barnawi as the leader of ISWAP. This started a schism that culminated in the Battle of Sambisa Forest in May 2021, where Shekau killed himself and ISWAP effectively became the dominant jihadist group in the Lake Chad region around Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad.

## Attack

The attack took place on the night between August 4 and 5, 2021. At the time of the attack, the Chadian troops were resting after having just finished a patrol. Little is known about the attack itself, and Chadian state media announced that jihadists from Boko Haram attacked their positions on the island village of Tchoukou Telia, killing 26 soldiers and injuring 14 others. Chadian authorities added that the government outpost in the area successfully defended the attack, and counter-offensive operations began the next day in the area.
# Herbie Nayokpuk

Herbie Nayokpuk (June 12, 1929 – December 2, 2006) (Iñupiaq pronunciation: Niiqpaq) nicknamed the "Shishmaref Cannonball", was an Inupiaq musher, known for his cheerful and straight-ahead demeanor It is said that "no musher in Iditarod history has been more admired, more respected or better liked than Herbie Nayokpuk."

## Life and career

Nayokpuk was born in Shishmaref in 1929. He was one of the original mushers to run the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in 1973. He also represented Alaska at the presidential inauguration of Ronald Reagan in 1981. He ended up running the Iditarod 11 times. He never won, but he made some notably daring attempts in extreme weather conditions. He suffered a stroke after one race and competed in another despite having just recovered from a heart attack. He was also an accomplished Inupiaq artist.

## Death and legacy

Nayokpuk died at the age of 77 at the Alaska Native Medical Center in Anchorage, Alaska after suffering a massive stroke at his home in mid-November and then lapsing into a coma. He is buried in Shishmaref. Each year since 2007, an Iditarod musher is awarded with the "Herbie Nayokpuk Memorial Award", which goes to the musher "who best epitomizes Herbie Nayokpuk's spirit of mushing the Iditarod"
# Tree of Life (White)

Tree of Life is a public artwork by American artist Nancy Metz White, located at the north end of Mitchell Boulevard Park, a Milwaukee County Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is located near Miller Park. Unveiled in 2002, Tree of Life is constructed out of recycled steel from industry processes. It stands 2½ stories tall, and is brightly painted. White intended for the sculpture to become a place for Milwaukee locals to gather and forge new community ties.

## Description

Tree of Life is a 2½ story tall, welded steel sculpture. The steel was sourced from industrial waste. The entire sculpture is brightly colored, the tree trunk and branches being a bright blue-green, with orange, red, yellow, and green leaves. The steel leaves are made from welded-together flashings left over from machinery forging.
# Neoteuthis

Neoteuthis is a monotypic genus of squid whose sole member is Neoteuthis thielei, from the family Neoteuthidae. This species has long tentacular clubs measuring 60% of the mantle length and fins which are 70% of its mantle length. It has a proximal locking-apparatus for the club which is restricted to manus, which in turn has proximal suckers which are circular. It has been recorded from the South Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, near the Canary Islands and North Pacific Ocean, north of Hawaii. The paralarvae and juveniles are found in the epipelagic to mesopelagic zones while adults occur in the mesopelagic to bathypelagic zones.
# 1991 Wisconsin–Whitewater Warhawks football team

The 1991 Wisconsin–Whitewater Warhawks football team represented the University of Wisconsin–Whitewater as a member of the Wisconsin State University Conference (WSUC) during the 1991 NCAA Division III football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Bob Berezowitz, the Warhawks compiled an overall record of 6–4 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, tying for second place in the WSUC. Wisconsin–Whitewater played home games at Warhawks Stadium in Whitewater, Wisconsin.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 7 | at St. Francis (IL)* | Joliet, IL | L 17–28 | 2,634 |
| September 14 | Wisconsin–Platteville | Warhawks StadiumWhitewater, WI | W 21–6 | 4,032 |
| September 21 | at Wisconsin–Superior | Superior, WI | L 14–16 | |
| September 28 | at Wisconsin–Stevens Point | Goerke FieldStevens Point, WI | L 10–16 | |
| October 5 | Wisconsin–Stout | Warhawks StadiumWhitewater, WI | W 21–18 | 1,458 |
| October 12 | Saint Ambrose* | Warhawks StadiumWhitewater, WI | L 27–29 | 4,179 |
| October 19 | at Wisconsin–River Falls | River Falls, WI | W 24–7 | 600 |
| October 26 | Wisconsin–Eau Claire | Warhawks StadiumWhitewater, WI | W 26–6 | 1,154 |
| November 2 | at Wisconsin–La Crosse | Veterans Memorial StadiumLa Crosse, WI | W 25–14 | 1,359 |
| November 9 | Wisconsin–Oshkosh | Warhawks StadiumWhitewater, WI | W 28–7 | 1,075 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# Maultasche

Maultaschen (German: ; singular Maultasche (listen), lit. 'mouth bags') are a kind of large meat-filled dumpling in Swabian cuisine. They consist of sheets of pasta dough filled with minced meat, smoked meat, spinach, bread crumbs and onions and flavored with various herbs and spices (such as black pepper, parsley and nutmeg). Maultaschen are typically 8–12 centimetres (3–4+1⁄2 inches) across. They are square or rectangular in shape.
On 22 October 2009, the European Union recognized Maultaschen (Schwäbische Maultaschen or Schwäbische Suppenmaultaschen) as a 'Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)' and remarked that the dish is significant to the cultural heritage of Baden-Württemberg. This measure provides protection to the integrity of the dish, mandating that genuine Maultaschen are only produced in Swabia, a historical region that was incorporated into the modern German states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria.

## History

In Swabia, Maultaschen are the traditional dish associated with the Lenten commemoration of Maundy Thursday and Good Friday. During Lent, Catholics and other Christians are encouraged to refrain from eating meat. However, Maultaschen are humorously associated with these days because the meat in the dish is concealed under the pasta dough and cannot be seen by God. Among the anecdotal stories regarding the origin of the dish, one claims that Maultaschen were created by the Cistercian monks of Maulbronn Abbey for that purpose. A Swabian German nickname for the dish, Herrgottsbescheißerle, means "God-cheaters".
One of the earliest mentions of the name Maultaschen is associated with several recipes in a 1794 cookbook—however, these are recipes for sweet preparations, and not a savory meat-filled entree.
The name Maultaschen is a compound word and could derive from three possible meanings: The first being that Maultaschen comes from the combination of the noun Maul referring to the mouth of an animal and Tasche, which means "pocket" or "bag." Thus, Maultaschen literally would mean "feedbag"—as in a bag used for feeding livestock—and probably derives this name from its appearance. In Swiss dialects "Mul" or "Mu" also just means "mouth" (despite its meaning of "mouth of an animal" in the standard language.) the same could be the case in Swabia, since they also speak an Alemannic dialect, just as the Swiss do. The second meaning could be that from an archaic word — either Maultatzen or Maultatschen—for a "slap in the face." If this were its origins, the name could be a comparison between a swollen cheek after being slapped with the shape and appearance of the dish. The third explanation might be just a reference to Maulbronn Abbey and be short for Maulbronn-Taschen.

## Preparation

Maultaschen are traditionally prepared in two ways, either:
* in der Brühe (simmered in broth and served like a soup),
* geschmälzt (dressed with butter and onions).
Some recipes for Maultaschen use bacon for the meat filling.
# Ken Mackintosh

Kenneth Victor Mackintosh (4 August 1919 – 22 November 2005) was an English saxophonist, composer and bandleader. He accompanied singers such as Tom Jones, Shirley Bassey and Matt Monro.

## Early life

Mackintosh was born in Liversedge, Yorkshire. He was born in Halifax Road, near Knowler Hill, and devoted his life to music, after buying his first alto saxophone at the age of 15. His father was an amateur musician.

## Career

After a period in the Army, he went to London, and joined various big bands, such as the Oscar Rabin Band. Following the Second World War, he formed his own orchestra, making appearances at the Astoria Ballroom, Nottingham. He brought his band to the Wimbledon Palais in London, touring extensively at home and abroad. He also had great singing strength with such well-versed vocalists as Kenny Bardell, Gordon Langhorn and The Mackpies. His orchestra was featured on BBC Radio almost every week in the 1950s and early 1960s. In 1955, he appeared in the BBC Light Programme's "festival of dance music" at the Royal Albert Hall in London.
A jovial character, Mackintosh enjoyed a joke and told the following story against himself. When travelling to a one-night stand in the West Country, he stopped to give a lift to an RAF serviceman hitch-hiking back to his base near Gloucester. The topic of conversation turned to the young man's appreciation of various entertainments put on by the authorities and how much he had enjoyed the visits of Joe Loss, Johnny Dankworth and Ted Heath. There was one band which he could not stand, however, and that was the one led by Ken Mackintosh, who he thought was "lousy". Before the aircraftsman departed at the gates, Mackintosh handed over his card, whereupon the car was rapidly vacated.
Mackintosh also wrote his own music, such as "The Creep" (written under the pseudonym Andy Burton, with Brian Fahey). He had three entries in the UK Singles Chart between 1954 and 1960, with "The Creep" being his highest placed hit record, reaching No. 10 in January 1954. Among his fans was the Queen Mother, for whom he played twice at Windsor Castle. Mackintosh also dedicated a great deal of his time to helping local musicians. During the late 1980s, Mackintosh would hold sax quintet practise evenings at his house on Streatham Common, as well as holding big band practice nights at the church hall next to his favourite pub, The Pied Bull. Towards the end of his life he was awarded the Freedom of the City of London. Until the months before his death, he was still occasionally playing and leading a local orchestra.

## Personal life and death

In 1944, Mackintosh married Elsie Burton; the couple had a son and daughter. Elsie died in 1986, predeceasing her husband. Mackintosh was an "enthusiastic radio ham", and restored vintage cars with the skills he had learnt during the war in the Royal Army Service Corps machine workshops.
Mackintosh died in Mitcham, Surrey, in November 2005, aged 86.
# Differential Manchester encoding

Differential Manchester encoding (DM) is a line code in digital frequency modulation in which data and clock signals are combined to form a single two-level self-synchronizing data stream. Each data bit is encoded by a presence or absence of signal level transition in the middle of the bit period, followed by the mandatory level transition at the beginning. The code is insensitive to an inversion of polarity. In various specific applications, this method is also called by various other names, including biphase mark code (CC), F2F (frequency/double frequency), Aiken biphase, and conditioned diphase.

## Definition

Differential Manchester encoding is a differential encoding technology, using the presence or absence of transitions to indicate logical value. An improvement to Manchester coding which is a special case of binary phase-shift keying, it is not necessary to know the initial polarity of the transmitted message signal, because the information is not represented by the absolute voltage levels but by their transitions.
There are two clock ticks per bit period (marked with full and dotted lines in the figure). At every second clock tick, marked with a dotted line, there is a potential level transition conditional on the data. At the other ticks, marked with full lines, the line state changes unconditionally to ease clock recovery.
One version of the code makes a transition for 0 and no transition for 1; the other makes a transition for 1 and no transition for 0.
Differential Manchester encoding has the following advantages:
* A transition is guaranteed at least once every bit, for robust clock recovery.
* In a noisy environment, detecting transitions is less error-prone than comparing signal levels against a threshold.
* Unlike with Manchester encoding, only the presence of a transition is important, not the polarity. Differential coding schemes will work exactly the same if the signal is inverted (e.g. wires swapped). Other line codes with this property include NRZI, bipolar encoding, coded mark inversion, and MLT-3 encoding.
* If the high and low signal levels have the same magnitude with opposite polarity, the average voltage around each unconditional transition is zero. Zero DC bias reduces the necessary transmitting power, minimizes the amount of electromagnetic noise produced by the transmission line, and eases the use of isolating transformers.
These positive features are achieved at the expense of doubling the clock frequency of the encoded data stream.
Differential Manchester encoding is specified in the IEEE 802.5 standard for Token Ring local area networks, and is used for many other applications, including magnetic and optical storage. As Biphase Mark Code (BMC), it is used in AES3, S/PDIF, SMPTE time code, USB PD, xDSL and DALI. Many magnetic stripe cards also use BMC encoding, often called F2F (frequency/double frequency) or Aiken Biphase, according to the ISO/IEC 7811 standard. Differential Manchester encoding is also the original modulation method used for single-density floppy disks, followed by double-density modified frequency modulation (MFM).
# 2001 Air Force Falcons football team

The 2001 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 2001 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were a member of the Mountain West Conference. The Falcons were coached by Fisher DeBerry and played their home games at Falcon Stadium. They finished the season 6–6, 3–4 in Mountain West play to finish in a tie for fifth place.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 1 | No. 3 Oklahoma* | Falcon StadiumColorado Springs, CO | ABC | L 3–44 | 56,162 |
| September 8 | Tennessee Tech* | Falcon StadiumColorado Springs, CO | | W 42–0 | 28,525 |
| September 29 | at San Diego State | Qualcomm StadiumSan Diego, CA | ESPN2 | W 45–21 | 22,193 |
| October 6 | vs. Navy* | FedExFieldLandover, MD | | W 24–18 | 36,251 |
| October 13 | Wyoming | Falcon StadiumColorado Springs, CO | | W 24–13 | 44,258 |
| October 20 | at No. 18 BYU | LaVell Edwards StadiumProvo, UT | ESPN2 | L 33–63 | 62,382 |
| October 27 | at New Mexico | University StadiumAlbuquerque, NM | | L 33–52 | 28,047 |
| November 3 | Army* | Falcon StadiumColorado Springs, CO (College GameDay) | | W 34–24 | 44,910 |
| November 8 | at Colorado State | Hughes StadiumFort Collins, CO (Ram–Falcon Trophy) | ESPN | L 21–28 | 26,638 |
| November 17 | UNLV | Falcon StadiumColorado Springs, CO | | L 10–34 | 31,074 |
| November 24 | at Hawaii* | Aloha StadiumHonolulu, HI (rivalry) | | L 30–52 | 41,148 |
| December 1 | Utah | Falcon StadiumColorado Springs, CO | | W 38–37 | 25,702 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Johan Svensson (footballer)

Johan Svensson (born 22 January 1981) is a Swedish footballer who played as a midfielder and spent most of his career in Mjällby AIF.
# Jaap Spaanderman

Jacobus Hendrikus Bastiaan "Jaap" Spaanderman jr. (17 October 1896 in Gouda – 22 July 1985 in Laren) was a Dutch pianist, cellist, conductor and piano and conducting pedagogue.
Jaap Spaanderman jr. was the son of organist and conductor Jacobus Hendrikus Bastiaan Spaanderman sr. (1864–1943).
He studied cello with Isaac Mossel and piano with Sarah Bosmans-Benedicts. He received the Dutch Prize of Excellence twice, once as a cellist (in 1918) and once as a pianist (1920), both at the Conservatoire of Amsterdam. He further studied conducting with Hagel in Berlin.
In his early twenties he made two concert tours through the Dutch East Indies, present-day Indonesia. From 1922 he taught piano at the Conservatoire of the Society Amsterdam 'Muzieklyceum' (one of the predecessors of the Conservatorium van Amsterdam). In 1932 he was appointed as conductor of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Arnhem. In 1949 he returned to his school in Amsterdam, now teaching piano and conducting.
Among the many students of Jaap Spaanderman are Bart Berman, Theo Bruins, Albert Brussee, Stanley Hoogland, Jan Marisse Huizing, Guus Janssen, Hans Kox, Reinbert de Leeuw, Lucas Vis, Hans Vonk and Edo de Waart.