# Terence Blanchard

Terence Oliver Blanchard (born March 13, 1962) is an American jazz trumpeter and composer. He has also written two operas and more than 80 film and television scores. Blanchard has been nominated for two Academy Awards for Original Score for BlacKkKlansman (2018) and Da 5 Bloods (2020), both directed by Spike Lee, a frequent collaborator.
Blanchard started his career in 1980 playing in the Lionel Hampton Orchestra while studying jazz at Rutgers University. In 1982, just before he turned 20, he dropped out of Rutgers to join The Jazz Messengers, launching a professional career now in its fifth decade. The Metropolitan Opera in New York staged Blanchard's opera Fire Shut Up in My Bones in its 2021–2022 season, the first opera by an African American composer in the organization's history.
Blanchard is also a passionate educational mentor. From 2000 to 2011, Blanchard served as artistic director of the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz. In 2011, he was named artistic director of the Henry Mancini Institute at the University of Miami, and in 2015, he became a visiting scholar in jazz composition at the Berklee College of Music. In 2019, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), named Blanchard to its Endowed Chair in Jazz Studies, where he remained until 2023. In 2023, SFJAZZ announced the appointment of Blanchard as Executive Artistic Director. He leads the organization's artistic programming and guides its overall creative direction.
Blanchard was selected as the 2024 National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters. The program is one of the most prestigious honors in jazz. Abbey Lincoln, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea and Sonny Rollins are among the 173 fellows recognized by the NEA as great figures of jazz.

## Early life

Blanchard was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the only child of Wilhelmina and Joseph Oliver Blanchard. His father was a manager at an insurance company and an amateur opera singer.
Blanchard began playing piano at the age of five, and then at age eight, he switched to the trumpet after hearing Alvin Alcorn perform at his school. Blanchard played trumpet in summer music camps alongside his childhood friends, Wynton Marsalis and Branford Marsalis.
Blanchard attended St. Augustine High School until transferring to John F. Kennedy High School so he could attend the prestigious New Orleans Center for Creative Arts where he studied under Roger Dickerson and Ellis Marsalis. From 1980 to 1982, Blanchard studied under jazz saxophonist Paul Jeffrey and trumpeter Bill Fielder at Rutgers University.

## Career

While at Rutgers University, Blanchard began touring with the Lionel Hampton Orchestra. In 1982, Wynton Marsalis recommended Blanchard as his replacement in Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers and Blakey would appoint Blanchard the band's musical director. Along with his New Orleans homeboy, Donald Harrison, Blanchard toured extensively and recorded five albums with the legendary band.
In 1986, Blanchard and Harrison left the Jazz Messengers to form their own quintet, featuring a rhythm section of young lions, Cyrus Chestnut, Rodney Whitaker, and drummer Carl Allen. The band influenced a new generation of young jazz musicians like Christian McBride, Nicholas Payton, Geoff Keezer, and Roy Hargrove.
In 1989, Blanchard stepped away from performance to correct his embouchure, and then a year later launched his solo career. Columbia Records released his self-titled debut, which reached No. 3 on the Billboard Jazz chart.
After performing on soundtracks for Spike Lee movies, including Do the Right Thing (1989) and Mo' Better Blues (1990), Lee hired Blanchard to compose the score for Jungle Fever (1991). Since then, Blanchard has composed the original score for most of Spike Lee's films, including Malcolm X (1992), Clockers (1995), Summer of Sam (1999), 25th Hour (2002), Inside Man (2006), BlacKkKlansman (2018), and Da 5 Bloods (2020).
In addition to composing the score for Spike Lee's four-hour Hurricane Katrina documentary for HBO entitled, When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (2006), Blanchard appeared onscreen with his mother to document their search for her destroyed home. A year later, Blue Note Records released Blanchard's A Tale of God's Will (A Requiem for Katrina). The album features Blanchard's rearrangements of his score along with new compositions, providing listeners with his most personal and deeply affecting music to date. The recording won a 2008 Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album.
Blanchard has also composed for other directors, including Gina Prince-Bythewood, Regina King, Taylor Hackford, Ron Shelton, and Kasi Lemmons. Entertainment Weekly proclaimed Blanchard "central to a general resurgence of jazz composition for film."
Blanchard recorded several award-winning albums for Columbia Records, including Simply Stated (1992), The Malcolm X Jazz Suite (1993), In My Solitude: The Billie Holiday Songbook (1994), Romantic Defiance (1995), and The Heart Speaks (1996) featuring Ivan Lins, which was nominated for a Best Latin Jazz Performance Grammy Award.
In 1999, producer Peter Gelb signed Blanchard to the Sony Classical label and released Jazz In Film, which reunited Blanchard with Donald Harrison on three tracks. It also featured jazz legends Joe Henderson and Kenny Kirkland, both of whom passed away soon after the recording.
Blanchard's next album entitled, Wandering Moon (2000), scored him another Grammy nomination and the prestigious honor of Downbeat Magazine's Artist of the Year.
In 2001, Blanchard released his third and final album for Sony Classical entitled, Let's Get Lost. It featured arrangements of classic songs written by Jimmy McHugh performed by his quintet with guest vocalists Diana Krall, Jane Monheit, Dianne Reeves, and Cassandra Wilson. However, it was his instrumental only version of "Lost In A Fog" that got Blanchard another Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo.
In 2003, Blanchard signed with Blue Note Records and released Bounce produced by Michael Cuscuna. Two years later, legendary pianist Herbie Hancock produced Flow, garnering two more Grammy Award nominations.
In between the two Blue Note recordings, Blanchard was featured on McCoy Tyner's Illuminations with Gary Bartz, Christian McBride and Lewis Nash. The ensemble won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album.
Blanchard was a judge for the fifth annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.
In Disney's 2009 film The Princess and the Frog, Blanchard performed all of the trumpet parts for the alligator character Louis. Blanchard also voiced the role of Earl the bandleader in the riverboat band.
Fifteen years later, Blanchard was invited to produce music for the theme park attraction Tiana's Bayou Adventure, which is inspired by The Princess and the Frog.
Blanchard made history when his Fire Shut Up in My Bones became the first opera by a Black composer to be presented by the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, opening the company's 2021–22 season.
A year later, the Met premiered another Blanchard opera entitled, Champion, marking the first time since Richard Strauss that a living composer had two operas premiere in successive seasons.

## Print biography

In 2002, Scarecrow Press, a member of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, published Contemporary Cat: Terence Blanchard with Special Guests, an authorized biography of Blanchard written by Anthony Magro. The book features extensive interviews with Blanchard and other jazz and film greats like Branford Marsalis, Wynton Marsalis, Christian McBride, Spike Lee, Kasi Lemmons, and Michael Cristofer. Choice Reviews wrote: "Magro augments the conversations with background and connecting material so that the text flows nicely. History will view Blanchard as an important figure in jazz, and this book makes the case compellingly."

## Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz

In the fall of 2000, Terence Blanchard was named artistic director of the Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz (formerly Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz) at the University of California Los Angeles. Herbie Hancock serves as chairman; Wayne Shorter, Clark Terry and Jimmy Heath were members of the board of trustees. The conservatory offers an intensive, tuition-free, two-year master's program to a limited number of students (maximum of eight every two years).
In his role as artistic director, Blanchard works with the students in the areas of artistic development, arranging, composition, and career counseling. He also participates in master classes and community outreach activities associated with the program. "Out of my desire to give something back to the jazz community, I wanted to get involved. In fact, I've always said that if I wasn't a musician, that I would like to be a teacher. So I was glad to get involved and to be a part of this unique program that fosters such an open and accessible environment."
In April 2007, the Institute announced its "Commitment to New Orleans" initiative which includes the relocation of the program to the campus of Loyola University New Orleans from Los Angeles. Blanchard had passionately lobbied the institute to relocate saying, "After Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans was shaken and its musical roots were threatened. I grew up in this city and learned about jazz here at Loyola with other young jazz musicians like Wynton and Branford Marsalis and I know that the Institute will have a great impact on jazz and in our communities. We are going to work hard to help jazz and New Orleans flourish once again."

## Other work

In 2007, the Monterey Jazz Festival named Blanchard Artist-In-Residence, citing him as "one his generation’s most artistically mature and innovative artists and a committed supporter of jazz education." The Monterey Jazz Festival 50th Anniversary Band featuring Blanchard on trumpet made a 54-date, 10-week tour of the United States from January 8, 2008, to March 16, 2008. Rounding out the band were saxophonist James Moody, pianist Benny Green, bassist Derrick Hodge and drummer Kendrick Scott. The special ensemble also featured jazz singer Nnenna Freelon.
In December 2007, the Terence Blanchard Quintet performed the movie music of Spike Lee and Terence Blanchard with an orchestra and singers Dee Dee Bridgewater, Kurt Elling, and Raul Midón at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.
In November 2008, he was a guest on Private Passions, the biographical music discussion programme on BBC Radio 3.
On February 10, 2008, Blanchard won his first Grammy Award as a bandleader for A Tale of God's Will (A Requiem for Katrina) in the category of Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album. His two other Grammy Awards were as a sideman for Art Blakey (1984) and McCoy Tyner (2004).
Blanchard composed original music for Stephen Adly Guirgis's Broadway play The Motherfucker With the Hat, which premiered at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre on April 11, 2011. The show is described as "a high-octane verbal cage match about love, fidelity and misplaced haberdashery."
On January 20, 2012, the film Red Tails was released nationwide in the United States. Blanchard served as the composer of the original score, marking the first time he has worked with executive producer George Lucas.
He composed incidental music for the 2012 Broadway revival of A Streetcar Named Desire.
He released Magnetic May 28, 2013, on Blue Note Records.
Blanchard's album, Breathless, with his new band, The E-Collective, was released by Blue Note Records on May 26, 2015. Featuring Maroon 5's PJ Morton on three cuts, and JRei Oliver, Terence's son, on spoken word, the core band consists of Fabian Almazan on keyboards, Charles Altura on guitar, Donald Ramsey on bass, and Oscar Seaton on drums. Cuepoint, on the web publishing site, Medium, published Blanchard's essay, "Using Music to Underscore Three Words: I Can't Breathe" which details Blanchard's revulsion by the death of Eric Garner and how the subsequent "I Can't Breathe" campaign inspired the series of songs the E-Collective created for the album.
On November 9, 2019, Blanchard performed alongside Lady Gaga as a special guest during her Jazz and Piano show in Las Vegas, Nevada.

### Operas

On June 15, 2013, after a workshop with Opera Fusion: New Works, Blanchard premiered his first opera, Champion, at the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. It is about the life of prize fighting boxer Emile Griffith from St. Thomas, with a libretto by Pulitzer Prize-winning Michael Cristofer. It starred Denyce Graves, Aubrey Allicock, Robert Orth, and Arthur Woodley. Champion made its Metropolitan Opera premiere in 2023, receiving the best opera recording Grammy, and its Lyric Opera of Chicago premier in 2024.
On June 15, 2019, Blanchard's second opera, Fire Shut Up in My Bones, with a libretto by Kasi Lemmons, was premiered by the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. The opera, based on the 2014 memoir of the same title by Charles Blow, was expanded with added dance sequences and a larger role for the part of Billie, Charles's mother, and opened the Metropolitan Opera's 2021–2022 season. It will close the Lyric Opera of Chicago's 2021⁠–2022 mainstage opera season. Blanchard is the first Black composer to have an opera performed at the Metropolitan Opera.

## Discography
### As leader

A complete discography of Blanchard's jazz recordings as a bandleader.
| Year recorded | Title | Genre | Label | Year released |
| 1983 | New York Second Line (with Donald Harrison) | Jazz | Concord | 1984 |
| 1984 | Discernment (with Harrison) | Jazz | Concord | 1986 |
| 1986 | Nascence (with Harrison) | Jazz | Columbia | 1986 |
| 1987 | Crystal Stair (with Harrison) | Jazz | Columbia | 1987 |
| 1988 | Black Pearl (with Harrison) | Jazz | Columbia | 1988 |
| 1991? | Terence Blanchard | Jazz | Columbia | 1991 |
| 1992? | Simply Stated | Jazz | Columbia | 1992 |
| 1992 | The Malcolm X Jazz Suite | Jazz | Columbia | 1993 |
| 1993 | In My Solitude: The Billie Holiday Songbook | Jazz | Columbia | 1994 |
| 1994 | Romantic Defiance | Jazz | Columbia | 1995 |
| 1995 | The Heart Speaks | Latin jazz | Columbia | 1996 |
| 1998 | Jazz in Film | Jazz | Sony Classical | 1999 |
| 1999 | Wandering Moon | Jazz | Sony Classical | 2000 |
| 2001 | Let's Get Lost: The Songs of Jimmy McHugh | Jazz | Sony Classical | 2001 |
| 2003 | Bounce | Jazz | Blue Note | 2003 |
| 2004 | Flow | Jazz | Blue Note | 2005 |
| 2007? | A Tale of God's Will (A Requiem for Katrina) | Jazz | Blue Note | 2007 |
| 2009 | Choices | Jazz | Concord | 2009 |
| 2011 | Chano y Dizzy! (with Poncho Sanchez) | Latin Jazz | Concord | 2011 |
| 2013? | Magnetic | Jazz | Blue Note | 2013 |
| 2015? | Breathless (featuring The E-Collective) | Jazz, fusion | Blue Note | 2015 |
| 2017 | Live (featuring The E-Collective) | Jazz, fusion | Blue Note | 2018 |
| 2021? | Absence (featuring The E-Collective) | Jazz, fusion | Blue Note | 2021 |

### As sideman

With Art Blakey
* Oh-By the Way (Timeless, 1982)
* New York Scene (Concord, 1984) – live
* Blue Night (Timeless, 1985)
With Cedar Walton
* 1990: As Long as There's Music (Muse, 1993)
* 1997: Roots (Astor Place, 1997)
With others
* Joanne Brackeen, Fi-Fi Goes to Heaven (Concord Jazz, 1987) – rec. 1986
* Terri Lyne Carrington, Jazz Is a Spirit (ACT, 2002) – rec. 2001
* Kenny Drew Jr., The Rainbow Connection (Evidence, 1988)
* Robert Glasper, Double-Booked (Blue Note, 2009) – voice in 1 track
* Benny Green, Prelude (Criss Cross Jazz, 1988)
* Ralph Moore, Images (Landmark, 1989) – rec. 1988
* Gregory Porter, Nat King Cole & Me (Blue Note, 2017) – 2 tracks

## Filmography

A selected filmography of Terence Blanchard scores.
* Denotes whether its available on CD

### Film

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| 1991 | Jungle Fever | Spike Lee | |
| 1992 | Malcolm X* | Spike Lee |
| 1994 | Sugar Hill* | Leon Ichaso | |
| 1994 | Trial by Jury | Heywood Gould | |
| 1994 | The Inkwell | Matty Rich |
| 1994 | Crooklyn | Spike Lee | |
| 1995 | Clockers* | Spike Lee | |
| 1996 | Get on the Bus | Spike Lee | |
| 1997 | Eve's Bayou* | Kasi Lemmons | |
| 1997 | 'Til There Was You | Scott Winant |
| 1997 | 4 Little Girls | Spike Lee | Documentary |
| 1998 | Gia | Michael Cristofer |
| 1999 | Summer of Sam | Spike Lee | |
| 2000 | Love & Basketball | Gina Prince-Bythewood | |
| 2000 | Next Friday | Steve Carr | |
| 2000 | Bamboozled | Spike Lee | |
| 2001 | The Caveman's Valentine* | Kasi Lemmons | |
| 2001 | Original Sin* | Michael Cristofer | |
| 2001 | Glitter | Vondie Curtis-Hall | |
| 2002 | Barbershop | Tim Story | |
| 2002 | Dark Blue | Ron Shelton | |
| 2002 | 25th Hour* | Spike Lee | |
| 2002 | People I Know* | Daniel Algrant |
| 2004 | She Hate Me* | Spike Lee | |
| 2006 | Inside Man* | Spike Lee | |
| 2007 | Talk to Me | Kasi Lemmons | |
| 2008 | Miracle at St. Anna* | Spike Lee | |
| 2008 | Cadillac Records | Darnell Martin | |
| 2009 | The Princess and the Frog | John Musker and Ron Clements | Trumpet playing for the Louis character |
| 2010 | Bunraku | Guy Moshe | |
| 2010 | Just Wright | Sanaa Hamri | |
| 2012 | Red Tails* | Anthony Hemingway | |
| 2014 | Black or White | Mike Binder | |
| 2015 | Chi-Raq | Spike Lee | |
| 2016 | The Comedian* | Taylor Hackford |
| 2018 | BlacKkKlansman* | Spike Lee | |
| 2019 | Harriet* | Kasi Lemmons | |
| 2020 | Da 5 Bloods* | Spike Lee | |
| 2020 | One Night in Miami... | Regina King | |
| 2022 | The Woman King* | Gina Prince-Bythewood | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Director | Notes |
| 1999 | Having Our Say | Lynne Littman | CBS Television film |
| 2003 | Unchained Memories* | Ed Bell and Thomas Lennon | HBO Documentary |
| 2006 | When the Levees Broke | Spike Lee | HBO Documentary miniseries |
| 2020-2023 | Perry Mason | — | HBO series; 10 episodes |
| 2021 | Genius: Aretha | — | NatGeo series; 7 episodes |
| 2021 | NYC Epicenters 9/11-2021 | Spike Lee | HBO Documentary series; 4 episodes |
| 2022 | Louis Armstrong's Black and Blue | Sacha Jenkins | Apple TV+ documentary |

## Awards and honors

Blanchard has received numerous accolades including five Grammy Awards. He has also received two Academy Award for Best Original Score nominations for BlacKkKlansman (2018) and Da 5 Bloods (2020). He has also received nominations for a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award.