OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shona Mooney

Shona Mooney (born c. 1984) is a Scottish fiddle player and composer.

## Career

Shona Mooney was the winner of the BBC Radio Scotland Young Traditional Musician competition in 2006. She has appeared at international festivals such as the Tønder Festival (Denmark), and toured with the Scottish Folk orchestra The Unusual Suspects. To date, she has recorded two albums, Heartsease and Sensing the Park.
Heartsease (viola tricolour) was released on Footstompin' Records in 2006. It combines the traditional Borders style with components of a contemporary style. It was chosen to be "Top of the World" (editor's choice) in Songlines magazine and has received 5-star reviews in The Herald and multiple broadcasts on BBC's Late Junction.
Shona began playing in O'er the Border with her parents Barbara and Gordon Mooney, bowing a small fiddle bought for her in a junk shop in Peebles. During her childhood, moving between Newstead, Newtown, Westruther, Maxton, Eildon and Lauder in the Borders, she studied classical violin. She also studied traditional fiddle styles with violinist Lucy Cowan before joining the musical scene at Kelso High School.
In 2001, aged 17, Shona started Newcastle University's newly founded degree course in Folk and Traditional Music where she continued researching music of the Scottish Borders, stemming from her father's contribution to the world of Borders piping. Along the way she had tuition from fiddlers – Catriona MacDonald, Chris Wood and Aidan O'Rourke – who supported her to blend the style of the Borders fiddle with more contemporary influences.
She graduated with first-class honours and began recording albums with her friends, including Crosscurrent's Momentum and Border Young Fiddle's self-titled debut. She later continued to perform and teach at major events including Cambridge, Warwick, Dranouter folk festivals and Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival. She also performed alongside Capercaillie's Donald Shaw and Karen Matheson at BBC Proms in the Park and appeared on Howard Goodall's How Music Works for Channel 4.
# Matsonford station

Matsonford station is a SEPTA Metro rapid transit station in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania. It serves the M and is located at Matsonford Road and Montgomery Avenue (PA 320). All trains stop at Matsonford. The station lies 9.4 track miles from 69th Street Terminal. There is off-street parking available at this station, over the southwest corner of Matsonford & Montgomery. The tracks run above the southeast corner and bridges can be found over both streets. Until October 1995, the station was named Conshohocken Road.
# Bandido (Myke Towers and Juhn song)

"Bandido" is a song by Puerto Rican rappers and singers Myke Towers and Juhn. It was released on December 10, 2020 through White World Music. The song belongs to the Myke Towers EP called Para Mi Ex. The song became world top in several lists of Latin American countries. Also it got to position itself in the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top positions on the US Hot Latin Songs chart.

## Background and release

Michael Anthony Torres Monge better known as Myke Towers released his EP entitled Para Mi Ex which included the song "Bandido" in collaboration with the Puerto Rican singer Juhn. The song talks about a boy who wants to defend his beloved from his boyfriend who mistreats her and does not value her. "Bandido", like the aforementioned hit, is an ode to women, as it shows a version of Towers who would do anything to make sure that his protagonist feels loved. In the song, he weaves a story about a woman who finds herself in a loveless relationship with someone who doesn't know how to truly value her and how Towers would do anything to remind him of her true beauty.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Bandido" :
| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Argentina (Argentina Hot 100) | 1 |
| Bolivia (Monitor Latino) | 3 |
| Colombia (National-Report) | 4 |
| Costa Rica (Monitor Latino) | 3 |
| Dominic Republic (Monitor Latino) | 11 |
| Ecuador (Monitor Latino) | 3 |
| El Salvador (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 11 |
| Guatemala (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Honduras (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Mexican Streaming (AMPROFON) | 3 |
| Mexico Airplay (Billboard) | 24 |
| Nicaragua (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Panama (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Paraguay (Monitor Latino) | 1 |
| Paraguay (SGP) | 1 |
| Peru (Monitor Latino) | 4 |
| Puerto Rico (Monitor Latino) | 6 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 1 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 82 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Latin Airplay (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Latin Rhythm Airplay (Billboard) | 1 |
| Venezuela (Monitor Latino) | 13 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Bandido" :
| Chart (2021) | Position |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 73 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 14 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (Billboard) | 10 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 5× Platinum | 300,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum (Latin) | 180,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Japanese Brown

The Japanese Brown (Japanese: 褐毛和種, Akage Washu or 赤牛, Aka Ushi) is a breed of small Japanese beef cattle. It is one of six native Japanese cattle breeds, and one of the four Japanese breeds known as wagyū, the others being the Japanese Black, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.$^{:420}$ All wagyū cattle derive from cross-breeding in the early twentieth century of native Japanese cattle with imported stock, mostly from Europe.$^{:5}$ In the case of the Japanese Brown, the principal foreign influence was from the Korean Hanwoo and Swiss Simmental breeds.

## Etymology

The Kanji characters 赤牛 literally mean "red cow".

## History

Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.$^{:209}$ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser. Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten. Cattle were highly prized and valuable, too expensive for a poor farmer to buy.$^{:2}$
Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time. Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported. At first there was little interest in cross-breeding these with native stock, but from about 1900 it became widespread. It ceased abruptly in 1910, when it was realised that, while the cross-breeds might be larger and have better dairy qualities, their working capacity and meat quality was lower. From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as "Improved Japanese Cattle". Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944. These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.$^{:8}$
The Japanese Brown developed in southern Japan, in Kōchi Prefecture on Shikoku island, and in Kumamoto Prefecture on Kyushu island. The principal foreign influences on the breed were from the British Devon, Korean Hanwoo and Swiss Simmental cattle breeds.$^{:8}$
In 1960 the total breed population was reported to be over 525000.$^{:23}$ In 1978 it was reported as 72000, and in 2008 it was 18672. The Japanese Brown constitutes about 4.8% of the national beef herd.$^{:17}$ Its conservation status was listed by the FAO in 2007 as "not at risk".$^{:71}$
A small number were exported to the United States in 1994.

## Characteristics

Japanese Brown cattle in Kōchi Prefecture are reddish-brown, while those in Kumamoto Prefecture are light brown; both sexes are horned.
# Sindhu (actress)

Sindhu was an Indian actress who appeared in predominately Tamil films apart from a few Kannada films. She is the daughter of actress Manjula Vijaykumar's sister Shamala.

## Personal life

She married Raghuveer in 1995 and had a daughter named Shreya.

## Death

Sindhu picked up a lung infection during a door-to-door campaign for funds and died a few days later.

## Partial filmography

* Note: all films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1989 | Ponmana Selvan | Sindhu | |
| 1990 | Pulan Visaranai | Sindhu | |
| 1990 | Inaindha Kaigal | Geetha | |
| 1990 | Paattali Magan | | |
| 1990 | Pondatti Thevai | Geetha | |
| 1990 | Puriyaadha Pudhir | | Special appearance |
| 1991 | Sami Potta Mudichu | Neelaveni | |
| 1991 | Onnum Theriyadha Paapa | Suborna | |
| 1992 | Oor Mariyadhai | Kamachi | |
| 1993 | Gokulam | Mary | |
| 1993 | Shrungara Kavya | Kavya | Kannada film |
| 1994 | Seeman | | |
| 1995 | Naviloora Naidhile | | Kannada film |
| 1995 | Thungabhadra | | Kannada film |
| 1995 | Chandralekha | Raziya | |
| 1996 | Parambarai | Maragatham | |
| 1996 | Gopala Gopala | | |
| 1996 | Namma Ooru Raasa | | |
| 1997 | Pistha | | |
| 1997 | Suryavamsam | Shenbagam | |
| 1997 | Aahaa Enna Porutham | Subbu | |
| 1998 | Pooveli | | |
| 1999 | Suriya Paarvai | Sindhu | |
| 1999 | Ponnu Veetukkaran | | |
| 1999 | Unnaruge Naan Irundhal | | |
| 1999 | Endrendrum Kadhal | Vasu's Wife | |
| 1999 | Nenjinile | Karunakaran's Sister | |
| 2000 | Kuberan | Kuberan's Aunt | |
| 2001 | Krishna Krishna | Kalpana | |
| 2001 | Kunguma Pottu Gounder | School Teacher | |
| 2001 | Lovely | Chandru's Aunt | |
| 2002 | Namma Veetu Kalyanam | | |
| 2003 | Anbe Anbe | Servant | |
| 2003 | Aalukkoru Aasai | Eshwari's Stepmother | |
| 2003 | Chokka Thangam | Sundaram's Sister | |
| 2004 | Giri | Pasupathy's Wife | |
| 2004 | Jana | Deivanai | |
| 2005 | Ayya | Karuppusaamy's Wife | |

## Television

* 1999 Micro thodar
* 1999 Panchavarnakili
* 2002-2003 Penn
* 2002-2004 Annamalai as Thulasi
* 2002-2003 Metti Oli as Sarala
# Valle

Valle may refer to:

## Geography

* "Valle", the cultural and climatic zone of the dry subtropical Interandean Valles of the Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and northwest Argentina
* University of Valle, a public university in Cali, Colombia
* Bale, Croatia, or Valle, a small town and municipality in Istria county, Croatia
* Valle, Ecuador, a town and parish in Cuenca Canton, Azuay Province, Ecuador
* Valle Department, a department in southern Honduras
* Valle di Cadore, a municipality Belluno, Veneto, Italy
* Valle Parish, an administrative unit of Aizkraukle district, Latvia
* Valle Hundred, a hundred of Västergötland county, Sweden
* Valle, Arizona, United States

### Norway

* Valle, or Valle-Hovin, a neighborhood in the capital city of Oslo
* Valle, Telemark, a village in the municipality of Bamble in Telemark county
* Valle, Møre og Romsdal, a village in the municipality of Ålesund in Møre og Romsdal county
* Valle, Norway, a municipality in the Setesdal valley in Agder county
* Valle (village), a village in the Setesdal valley in Agder county
* Valle Church (Valle), a church in the municipality of Valle in Agder county
* Valle Church (Lindesnes), a church in the municipality of Lindesnes in Agder county

## Other

* Valle's Steak House, an American restaurant
* Valle (restaurant), a Michelin-starred restaurant in San Diego, California
* Valle 1 and Valle 2, thermosolar plants in San José del Valle, Spain
* Valle, the SkiStar company mascot
# Sawki

Sawki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzyrzec Podlaski, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Międzyrzec Podlaski, 30 km (19 mi) west of Biała Podlaska, and 83 km (52 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
# Summer Love Songs

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Summer Love Songs is a 2009 compilation of music by the Beach Boys released through Capitol Records. The compilation, as the title suggests, is themed around love songs and contains 20 songs recorded from 1963 to 1970 that fit this theme. Included are new stereo mixes of "Don't Worry Baby", "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" (featuring a never before heard intro), "Hushabye", "I'm So Young", "Good to My Baby" and "Time to Get Alone". Making its CD debut in a revised mix is the song "Fallin' in Love" by Dennis Wilson that was released as the b-side of his "Sound of Free" single in 1970.
The stereo mixes of "Don't Worry Baby" and "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" were made possible by Beach Boys historian Jon Stebbins' discovery of the original multi-track session tapes in the mid-2000s.

## Track listing

* "Don't Worry Baby" (from Shut Down Volume 2, 1964) (Brian Wilson, Roger Christian 1964) – 2:51
* "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" (from Shut Down Volume 2, 1964) (Morris Levy, Frankie Lymon 1964) – 2:35
* "Wouldn't It Be Nice" (from Pet Sounds, 1966) (B. Wilson, Tony Asher, Love 1966) – 2:33
* "God Only Knows" (from Pet Sounds, 1966) (B. Wilson, Asher 1966) – 2:55
* "Surfer Girl" (from Surfer Girl, 1963) (B. Wilson 1963) – 2:28
* "California Girls" (from Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!), 1965) (B. Wilson, Love 1965) – 2:47
* "Please Let Me Wonder" (from The Beach Boys Today!, 1965) (B. Wilson, Love 1965) – 2:52
* "In the Parkin' Lot" (from Shut Down Volume 2, 1964) (B. Wilson, Love 1964) – 2:04
* "Your Summer Dream" (from Surfer Girl, 1963) (B. Wilson, Bob Norman 1963) – 2:29
* "Kiss Me, Baby" (from The Beach Boys Today!, 1965) (B. Wilson, Love 1965) – 2:43
* "Hushabye" (from All Summer Long, 1964) (Doc Pomus, Mort Shuman 1964) – 2:44
* "I'm So Young" (from The Beach Boys Today!, 1965) (W.H. Tyrus Jr.1965) – 2:34
* "Good to My Baby" (from The Beach Boys Today!, 1965) (B. Wilson, Love 1965) – 2:21
* "Fallin' in Love" (Dennis Wilson 1970) – 3:03
* "Time to Get Alone" (from 20/20, 1969) (B. Wilson 1969) – 2:56
* "Our Sweet Love" (from Sunflower, 1970) (B. Wilson, Al Jardine, Carl Wilson 1970) – 2:40
* "Help Me, Rhonda" (from Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!), 1965) (B. Wilson, Love 1965) – 2:48
* "Keep an Eye on Summer" (from Shut Down Volume 2, 1964) (B. Wilson, Norman 1964) – 2:23
* "Don't Talk (Put Your Head on My Shoulder)" (from Pet Sounds, 1966) (B. Wilson, Asher 1966) – 2:58
* "Girls on the Beach" (from All Summer Long, 1964) (B. Wilson, Love 1964) – 3:01
# The Groovesmiths

The Groovesmiths are an Australian roots-music band, founded by Gavin Shoesmith, former bass guitarist from John Butler Trio. Originally located in Darwin, Northern Territory, Shoesmith relocated to Fremantle. The band is recognized for its unique style and live performances, blending strong elements of Reggae, Jazz, and Hip-Hop into traditional Blues and Roots music.
The Groovesmiths released a debut five-track extended play, Demonstrations of Intent, in 2006. It featured guests, John Butler and Saritah. In November 2007 the Groovesmiths with Shoesmith on lead vocals, bass guitar, lap steel bass and harmonica; Alex Dew on lead guitar; and Matt Wright on drums performed at the Blues at Bridgetown festival. A follow-up self-titled album was issued in July 2008 on MGM Distribution.

## Style and songwriting

Rockus Online Magazine's Dominic Pearce reviewed Demonstrations of Intent:
   The hallmarks of roots music are all there; inflections of ska and reggae, acoustic percussion, steel & slide guitars, and lyrical content much in the vein of social awareness. The slight twist here, however, is that the rhythm and beat of the music sits much more in the area of hip-hop than blues or rock.
   The instrumental side of things is top notch. Guest appearances from West Australian roots-stalwart John Butler on Bushranger, and local diva Saritah on Lonely, certainly add flavor to the recipe.
Shoesmith explained that his song writing was partly based on experiences with indigenous Noongar peoples while growing up in Lockridge (a Perth suburb) and are also based on "general political topics, I'm quite a political animal, mainly Australian and a bit of general politics as well. I don't really try to write songs so much as they just come to me, I really try to write in metaphors, for example, there are songs on the album where the meanings are quite hidden in the metaphors."

## Discography

Extended plays
* Demonstrations of Intent (2006)
The band's debut EP features five original songs, written by Gavin Shoesmith.
* "Bushranger" – 3:51
* "Lonely" – 4:05
* "Rebirth" – 5:04
* "Viva La Revolution" – 3:33
* "Oh the Sun Is Shining" – 4:35
The EP features performances from previous band-members Michael Boase (Drums) and Jesse Moore (Guitar), as well as John Butler (Lap-steel Guitar), Saritah (Vocals), Mark Robinson (Didgeridoo), and Francis Diatschenko (Guitar)
Albums
* The Groovesmiths (Hello Operator) 14 July 2008 MGM (MGM GS002)
The band's album featured four more of Shoesmith's songs as well as reworked versions of the five featured on the EP. Guitarist Alex Dew contributed "Sun and Moon".
* "Bushranger" – 3:51
* "Oh the Sun Is Shining"
* "Red Fox"
* "The Rebirth of Cool"
* "Viva La Revolution"
* "The Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith"
* "The Gypsy Song"
* "Sun and Moon"
* "Blues and Roots"
* "3AM Monday Morning'
The recording of their self-titled album saw the return of Mark Robinson on Didgeridoo as well as percussionist Walter Piccolruaz and drummer Matt Wright joining the core group of Shoesmith and Alex Dew. Sometimes erroneously called Hello Operator due to its cover art.
# Nowa Wola, Lublin Voivodeship

Nowa Wola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Serniki, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Serniki, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Lubartów, and 22 km (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# John of Ibelin

John of Ibelin may refer to:
* John of Ibelin, Old Lord of Beirut (1179–1236), constable of Jerusalem, regent of the kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus, opponent of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
* John II of Beirut (died 1264), grandson of the "Old Lord of Beirut"
* John of Arsuf (c. 1211–1258), constable of Jerusalem
* John of Ibelin (jurist) (1215–1266), count of Jaffa and Ascalon, bailli of Cyprus, and author of the Assizes of the Haute Cour of Jerusalem
* John of Ibelin (1277–1309), Lord of Arsuf, grandson of John of Arsuf
# Vendetta: Secrets of a Mafia Bride

Vendetta: Secrets of a Mafia Bride (Italian: Donna d'onore) is a 1990 American-Italian television crime-drama miniseries directed by Stuart Margolin. It is based on the novel Donna d'onore by Sveva Casati Modignani. It had a sequel in 1993, Vendetta II: The New Mafia.

## Cast

* Carol Alt as Nancy Pertinace
* Eric Roberts as Sean McLeary
* Eli Wallach as Frank Latella
* Serena Grandi as Addolorata Pertinace, Nancy's mother
* Burt Young as Vincent Dominici
* Nick Mancuso as Danny La Manna
* Jason Allen as Junior
* Victor Argo as Persico
* Thomas Calabro as Nearco
* Eva Grimaldi as Brenda
* Anthony DeSando as Albert La Manna
* Enrico Lo Verso as Vito
* Stuart Margolin as Chinnici
* Billy Barty as Victor
* Gianni Nazzaro as Nancy's father
* Mickey Knox as Corallo
* Max Martini as Taylor Carr
# Serniki

Serniki is a village in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Serniki. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Lubartów and 22 km (14 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
# 1981 Richmond Spiders football team

The 1981 Richmond Spiders football team represented Richmond College during the 1981 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Spiders were led by second-year head coach Dal Shealy and played their home games at City Stadium. The Spiders finished with a 4–7 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 5 | at NC State | Carter–Finley StadiumRalegigh, NC | L 21–27 | 40,400 |
| September 12 | at Virginia Tech | Lane StadiumBlacksburg, VA | L 12–28 | 30,200 |
| September 19 | at Arkansas State | Indian StadiumJonesboro, AR | W 24–20 | 12,864 |
| September 26 | Southern Miss | City StadiumRichmond, VA | L 10–17 | 12,500 |
| October 3 | James Madison | City StadiumRichmond, VA | W 24–7 | 13,200 |
| October 10 | East Carolina | City StadiumRichmond, VA (Tobacco Bowl) | L 13–17 | 12,621 |
| October 17 | at Cincinnati | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH | L 18–27 | |
| November 7 | at VMI | Alumni Memorial FieldLexington, VA (rivalry) | W 45–14 | 7,800 |
| November 14 | Wake Forest | City StadiumRichmond, VA | L 22–34 | 15,285 |
| November 21 | at William & Mary | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA (rivalry) | L 21–35 | 10,800 |
| November 26 | Penn | City StadiumRichmond, VA | W 18–12 | 7,514 |
# Nowosiółki-Kolonia

Nowosiółki-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chełm, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
# Yehiel Duvdevani

Yehiel Duvdevani (Hebrew: יְחִיאֵל דּוּבְדְּבָנִי‎; 1896 – 30 April 1988) was a Zionist activist and politician.

## Biography

Born in Volhynia region of the Russian Empire (now in Ukraine), Duvdevani attended high school in Kiev, before spending a year at university. He joined the Al HaMishmar movement, which became Dror. In 1923 he made aliyah to Mandatory Palestine, and two years later was amongst the founders of kibbutz Givat HaShlosha.
He became secretary of the Petah Tikva Workers Council. During World War II he enlisted in the Jewish Brigade. Prior to the 1949 elections he was placed nineteenth on the Mapai list, and was elected as the party won 46 seats. However, he did not run for re-election in 1951.
In 1952 Duvdevani was amongst the founders of kibbutz Einat, which was made up of former Givat HaShlosha and Ramat HaKovesh members who had left the HaKibbutz HaMeuhad movement. He later held the post of chief executive of Mekorot between 1954 and 1964, also serving as chair of its board of directors from 1962 to 1964.
He died in 1988.
# Prototype drug

In pharmacology and pharmaceutics, a prototype drug is an individual drug that represents a drug class – group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanism of action and mode of action. Prototypes are the most important, and typically the first developed drugs within the class, and are used as a reference to which all other drugs are compared.

## Examples

* Morphine is the prototype of opioid analgesics
* Propranolol is the prototype of the beta blockers
* Chlorpromazine is the prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic
* Imipramine is the prototypical tricyclic antidepressant, and itself a derivative of chlorpromazine
* Diazepam is the prototype of the benzodiazepine
* Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is the prototype ethanolamine antihistamine
* Nifedipine is the prototype dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
* Chloroquine is the prototypical antimalarial agent
* Acyclovir is the prototype antiviral agent that is activated by viral thymidine kinase
* Aspirin is the prototype NSAID
* Amphetamine is the prototype Stimulant
* Omeprazole is the prototype Proton-pump inhibitor
# Sitaram Daga

Sitaram Daga was an Indian industrialist with interests primarily in Tea Plantations and manufacturing on a large scale spread across the Indian states of West Bengal and Assam, besides other businesses. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha representing the business community. He was a Member of Parliament, representing West Bengal in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.