OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gilman Marston

Gilman Marston (August 20, 1811 – July 3, 1890) was a United States representative, Senator, and United States Army general from New Hampshire.

## Early life

Marston was born in Orford, New Hampshire. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1837 and from the law department of Harvard University in 1840. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1841 and was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1845 to 1849. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention of 1850.
Marston was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1863). He was a strong supporter of President Abraham Lincoln and the war effort.

## Civil War

Marston served in the Union Army during the Civil War. He first saw combat as colonel of the 2nd New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry during the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. His arm was shattered, but he refused an amputation. After he recovered, he fought in the Peninsula Campaign, Second Battle of Bull Run, and Battle of Fredericksburg.
Marston was promoted to brigadier general of U.S. volunteers, effective November 29, 1862. Prior to the Chancellorsville campaign, he was relieved from duty with the Army of the Potomac and assigned to the defenses of Washington where he returned to his seat in Congress. After Gettysburg, Marston was directed to establish a prison camp in Maryland, which later became known as Point Lookout. The area was designated the District of Saint Mary's under the overall command of Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler. In 1864, he commanded a brigade in Maj. Gen. W.F. "Baldy" Smith's XVIII Corps during the Bermuda Hundred Campaign. He took part in a disastrous assault on Cold Harbor, where his brigade suffered heavy casualties. During the Union assaults on Petersburg, Gilman assumed command of the 1st Division in the XVIII Corps on the last day of battle. Thereafter he commanded the Union troops on the north side of the James River with his headquarters located at Fort Pocahontas. Occasionally he returned to command of the 1st Division, including a brief stint during the Second Battle of Fair Oaks. Having been re-elected to Congress he resigned 1865, whereupon he received the thanks of the state of New Hampshire.

## U.S. Congress

Marston was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865–March 3, 1867) and in 1870 declined the Governorship of Idaho Territory. In 1872, 1873, and 1876 to 1878, he was again a member of the State house of representatives. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1876 to the Forty-fifth Congress and was a delegate to the State constitutional convention of 1876.
On March 4, 1889, Marston was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing on that date and served until June 18, 1889, when a successor was elected. He died in Exeter in 1890; interment was in Exeter Cemetery.
# Filadelfo Mugnos

Filadelfo Mugnos (1607 – May 28, 1675) was an Italian historian, genealogist, poet, and man of letters.

## Biography

Filadelfo Mugnos was born in Sicily at Lentini in 1607 but moved while young to Palermo. He obtained a doctorate in law at the University of Catania. He was made a member of the Portuguese chivalric Order of Christ and various learned academies of the day.
Of his numerous historical works, the best known is the Teatro genealogico delle famiglie nobili, titolate, feudatarie ed antiche del fedelissimo regno di Sicilia viventi ed estinte, published in three volumes between 1647 and 1670, which for many centuries has been the mainstay for knowledge about of Sicilian nobility.
Filadelfo Mugnos died in Palermo on 28 May 1675.

## Works

* Il trionfo leontino, o vero, il meraviglioso Martirio o Morte delli gloriosi Martiri Alfio, Filadelfo e Cirino, A. Martarello, Palermo 1640
* Proserpina Rapita, Idillio, Giacobbe Matteo, Messina 1643
* Discorso contro coloro che dicono di essersi ritrovata un'arte nuova di compor Tragedie (inserita nel tomo II delle tragedie di Ortensio Scammacca), Pietro Coppola, Palermo 1645
* Raguagli istorici del Vespro Siciliano, Pietro Coppola, Palermo 1645 (on line ed. 1645) (on line ed. 1669)
* Teatro genologico delle famiglie nobili, titolate, feudatarie ed antiche del fedelissimo regno di Sicilia viventi ed estinte, Pietro Coppola, Palermo 1647 (on line)
* Lico e Lisso, favola Boscareccia. Roma: presso gli eredi di Lodovico Grignani. 1650.
* Aggitamento accademico sopra l'origine e progresso della lingua latina, Roma 1650
* Annali del Regno di Sicilia con i successi d'anno in anno dal principio della sua abitazione sino all'anno 1649, Palermo 1650
* Historia dell'augustissima famiglia Colonna, Venezia 1658 (on line)
* Il Nuovo Laerzio [...] Parte prima, dove si leggono le Vite de' Filosofi, Poeti, Oratori, Leggisti, Historici, et d'altre famose persone nelle scienze litterali del mondo, e precisamente del nostro Regno di Sicilia, innanzi e dopo Christo Redentore S.N. infino à gli anni del 1600, etcet. In Palermo 1664
* Discorso laconico della famiglia Petrucci, Novello De Bonis, Napoli 1670
* Albero genealogico delle famiglie Molli, 1674
* Teatro della nobiltà del Mondo, Novello De Bonis, Napoli 1680
# 1953 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1953.

## Plants
### Angiosperms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Holmskioldia speirii | Comb nov | jr synonym | (Lesquereux) MacGinitie | Late Eocene | Florissant Formation | United States Colorado | A mallow relative. moved from Porana speirii (1883) Moved to Florissantia speirii (1992) | Florissantia speirii |

## Dinosaurs

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Brachylophosaurus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Sternberg | Cretaceous Campanian | Oldman Formation | Canada ( Alberta) | A hadrosaurid The type species is B.canadensis |
| Chiayusaurus | Gen. et sp. nov | Nomen dubium | Bohlin | Late Jurassic | Kalazha Formation | China | An indeterminate eusauropod The type species is C. lacustris |
| Heishansaurus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Birger Bohlin | Cretaceous Campanian | Minhe Formation | China | An ankylosaurid The type species is H. pachycephalus. |
| Microceratops | Gen. et 2 sp. nov. | jr homonym | Bohlin | Cretaceous Campanian | Minhe Formation | China | A ceratopsian The type species is M. gobiensis Genus also includes M. sulcidens of the Xinminbao Group Genus name preoccupied by Microceratops Seyrig 1952 Genus renamed Microceratus (2008) |
| Peishansaurus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Bohlin | Cretaceous Campanian | Minhe Formation | China | An ankylosaurid The type species is P. philemys |
| Sauroplites | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bohlin | Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian) | Zhidan Group | China | A nodosaurid the type species is S. scutiger |
| Stegosaurides | Gen. et sp. nov. | Nomen dubium | Bohlin | Early Cretaceous | Xinminbao Group | China | A nodosaurid The type species is S. excavatus |
| Troodon bexelli | Sp. nov. | jr synonym | Bohlin | Cretaceous Turonian | Ulansuhai Formation | China | First named as a Troodon species Moved to Stegoceras bexelli (1964) Moved to Tylocephale bexelli (1978) Moved to Sinocephale bexelli (2021). |

## Synapsids
### Non-mammalian

| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Location | Notes | Images |
| Aloposauroides | Valid | Brink and Kitching | Late Permian | South Africa | | |
| Sycocephalus | junior synonym | Brink and Kitching | Late Permian | South Africa  Zambia | | |
# Monocentropus balfouri

Monocentropus balfouri is a tarantula in the Monocentropus genus. It was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1897. The species is also called Socotra Island blue baboon tarantula, usually shortened to blue baboon tarantula. The scientific name refers to the collector Isaac Bayley Balfour. The Spider is found on Socotra Island, hence the common name. This tarantula is terrestrial and an opportunistic burrower. Like many tarantulas, M. balfouri can be kept as a pet, although it is not a beginner species.

## Description

The adult coloration of M. balfouri is striking, a vivid blue, though some red and amber variants have been seen very rarely. The carapace is blue, as is the leg except for the trochanter, which, like the rest of the body, is cream-colored or grey. The opisthosoma (abdomen) is cream-colored, grey and partially blue. Females of the species live for about 10 to 14 years, while males tend to live for about 3 to 4 years. The species‘ venom potency is not known. Although it is believed by some to be able to kill a dromedary, this is most likely not the case.

## Habitat

This spider is found in Socotra, which is part of Yemen. Socotra is known for having a unique flora and fauna. The species is usually found up to 850 meters above sea level. The average temperature in Socotra is 28 °C with an average of 193 millimeters of annual rainfall, and an average humidity of 65%.

## Behavior

A unique behavior of this tarantula is that it is communal, to the point that mother spiders care for the young, even attacking potential predators if they get too close to her egg sac. In captivity, multiple males and females of different ages may live together without attacking one another, provided that they have enough food and proper care. When threatened, M. balfouri gives a characteristic “threat pose,” rearing up on the hind legs and baring the chelicerae. Further provocation will lead this tarantula to deliver a fast strike and bite, especially if protecting an egg sac. As it is a species of tarantula found in the Old World, M. balfouri does not possess urticating hairs.
# Horacio d'Almeida

Horacio d'Almeida (born (1988-06-11)11 June 1988) is a French male volleyball player. He was part of the France men's national volleyball team.
# Runaway with Del Shannon

Runaway with Del Shannon is the 1961 debut album by American rock and roll singer-songwriter Del Shannon. It contains Shannon's best-known hit, "Runaway". It is regarded by critics as having helped bridge the period between early rock and the British Invasion.
Runaway with Del Shannon also features the early recording of "(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame" (which would later be a huge hit for Elvis Presley later that same year) and a cover of Chuck Jackson "I Wake Up Crying"
The album was released on compact disc by Taragon Records on January 14, 1997, as tracks 1 through 12 on a pairing of two albums on one CD with tracks 13 through 24 consisting of Shannon's 1965 album, 1,661 Seconds with Del Shannon. It was released as one of two albums on one CD by Beat Goes On on September 27, 1997, paired with Shannon's 1963 album, Hats Off to Del Shannon. Bear Family included the album in the 2004 Home and Away box set. Edsel Records included the album in the 2023 Stranger in Town: A Del Shannon Compendium box set.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Disc | |
Bruce Eder of AllMusic stated that "Some of the rest is a good deal less appealing, especially when Shannon tries straight romantic crooning, as on "The Search" or "I'll Always Love You." "I Wake up Crying" and especially "Wide Wide World" are successful album tracks, and the latter, at a somewhat quicker tempo."
Billboard in its Spotlight of the Week album reviews stated that the selections "show off his vocal style and his heartfelt approach to a song.
Cashbox notes the set includes "strong teen-angled" tunes.
Nigel Hunter of Disc described the album as "appalling".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Del Shannon, except where noted

## Charts
### Singles

| Year | Title | US Hot 100 | UK Singles | US Cashbox |
| 1961 | "Runaway" | 1 | 1 | 1 |
# Peter Streams

Peter John Streams CMG (born 8 March 1935) is a former British diplomat.
Streams was British Ambassador to Honduras from 1989 to 1991. He served as British Ambassador to Sudan from 1991 to 1994.
He was expelled in December 1993 after the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, refused to visit the capital Khartoum during a tour of the country and spent much of his time in the rebel-held south. After talks in London hosted by Douglas Hogg, relations were eventually restored in 1995 with the appointment of Alan Goulty.
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byDavid Joy | British Ambassador to Honduras 1989–1991 | Succeeded byPatrick Morgan |
| Preceded byAllan Ramsay | British Ambassador to Sudan 1991-1994 | Succeeded byAlan Goulty |

## Honours

* Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) - 1986
# Sulfenyl chloride

In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfenyl chloride is a functional group with the connectivity R−S−Cl, where R is alkyl or aryl. Sulfenyl chlorides are reactive compounds that behave as sources of RS$^+$. They are used in the formation of RS−N and RS−O bonds. According to IUPAC nomenclature they are named as alkyl thiohypochlorites, i.e. esters of thiohypochlorous acid.
Typically, sulfenyl halides are stabilized by electronegative substituents. This trend is illustrated by the stability of CCl$_3$SCl obtained by chlorination of carbon disulfide.

## Preparation

Sulfenyl chlorides are typically prepared by chlorination of disulfides:
    R$_2$S$_2$ + Cl$_2$ → 2 R−SCl
This reaction is sometimes called the Zincke disulfide reaction, in recognition of Theodor Zincke.
Some thioethers (R−S−R’) with electron-withdrawing substituents undergo chlorinolysis of a C−S bond to afford the sulfenyl chloride.
In a variation on the Reed reaction, sulfur dichloride displaces hydrogen under UV light.

## Reactions

Perchloromethyl mercaptan (CCl$_3$SCl) reacts with N−H bonds in the presence of base to give the sulfenamides:
    CCl$_3$SCl + R$_2$NH → CCl$_3$SNR$_2$ + HCl
This method is used in the production of the fungicides Captan and Folpet.
Sulfenyl chlorides add across alkenes, for example cyclohexene and ethylene
    CH$_2$=CH$_2$ + R−SCl → R−SC$_2$H$_4$Cl
They undergo chlorination to the trichlorides:
    R−SCl + Cl$_2$ → [R−SCl$_2$]Cl
Sulfenyl chlorides react with water and alcohols to give sulfenyl esters (R−S−O−R′):
    R−SCl + H$_2$O → R−SOH + HCl
    R−SCl + R'−OH → R−SO−R' + HCl

### Route to sulfinyl halides

Sulfenyl chlorides can be converted to sulfinyl chlorides (RS(O)Cl). In one approach, the sulfinyl chloride is generated in two steps starting with reaction of a thiol (−SH) with sulfuryl chloride (SO$_2$Cl$_2$). In some cases the sulfenyl chloride results instead, as happens with 2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-diphenylethanethiol. A trifluoroperacetic acid oxidation then provides a general approach to formation of sulfinyl chlorides from sulfenyl chlorides:

## Related compounds

Sulfenyl fluorides and bromides are also known. Simple sulfenyl iodides are unstable with respect to the disulfide and iodine, gradually decomposing over the course of several hours at low temperature:
    2 R−SI → (R−S)$_2$ + I$_2$
They can be formed metastably from metal mercaptides and iodine, and even form fleetingly when iodine oxidizes neutral thiols to the disulfide. Indeed, sulfenyl iodides are believed to be the active iodinating agents in iodotyrosine biosynthesis. Sulfenyl iodides that are heavily sterically hindered from dimerization are stable.
A related class of compounds are the alkylsulfur trichlorides, as exemplified by methylsulfur trichloride, CH$_3$SCl$_3$.
The corresponding selenenyl halides, R−SeCl, are more commonly encountered in the laboratory. Sulfenyl chlorides are used in the production of agents used in the vulcanization of rubber.
# Trapped (1950 TV series)

Trapped is a 30-minute American dramatic television mystery series that was broadcast on WOR-TV in New York City. Harvey Marlowe directed and packaged the program, which debuted on September 8, 1950.
# Firat Ezel Filiz

Firat Ezel Filiz (born (1988-10-29)29 October 1988) is a Turkish male volleyball player. He is part of the Turkey men's national volleyball team. On club level he plays for Inegöl Belediyesi.
# Emmanuelle Bertrand

Emmanuelle Bertrand (born 5 November 1973 in Firminy, Loire), is a French cellist.

## Biography

Bertrand studied with Jean Deplace and Philippe Muller, and received early support from Henri Dutilleux.
Nicolas Bacri has dedicated to her his Fourth Suite for cello solo op. 50. She premiered Luciano Berio's Chanson pour Pierre Boulez in 2000.
Her recordings as a soloist or together with the pianist Pascal Amoyel [fr] have received the highest musical awards : Cannes Classical Award, Diapason d'Or, "Choc" of Le Monde de la musique, etc. She also received a Victoire de la musique classique in 2002 and has been decorated as a "Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres".
Together with the pianist Pascal Amoyel and the director Jean Piat, she created in 2005 the theatral concert "Block 15".

## Critical reaction

   Among the artists of her generation, Emmanuelle Bertrand is one of the cellists who impressed me much. Her interpretation fully satisfied me for the transparency of her sound, her rhythmic strictness, her technical perfection, the brio of her playing. I do not hesitate to claim that she is a true revelation to me.

## Recordings

Works for solo cello. Works by Henri Dutilleux (Trois strophes sur le nom de SACHER), Hans Werner Henze (Serenade), George Crumb (Sonata), Gyorgy Ligeti (Sonata), Nicolas Bacri (Suite No. 4). Radio France. Harmonia Mundi, HMN 911699, 2000.
Le violoncelle parle (The cello speaks). Works by Benjamin Britten (Suite for solo cello No. 3 Op. 87), Gaspar Cassado (Suite for solo cello), Pascal Amoyel (Itinerance), Zoltán Kodály (Sonata for solo cello Op. 8). CD and DVD (le violoncelle parle, a Christian Leble film). Harmonia Mundi, HMN 902078, 2011.
# Estudiantil CNI

Club Deportivo Estudiantil CNI (sometimes referred to as Estudiantil CNI) is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Iquitos, Loreto. It was founded in 1996 and is part of the larger club, Colegio Nacional Iquitos.

## History

The Club Deportivo Estudiantil CNI was founded on July 30, 1996.by a group of professors of the National College of Iquitos with the intention on promoting football in Iquitos at a youth level but has grown to be a youth and senior club.
In 2016 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Venus in the Repechage.
In 2017 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the National Stage, but was eliminated when it finished in 3rd place.
In 2018 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the National Stage, but was eliminated when it finished in 27th place.
In 2019 Copa Perú, the club was eliminated in the District Stage when it finished in 3rd place.

## Honours
### Senior titles
#### Keys

* Record
* $^{(s)}$ Shared record
| Type | Competition | Titles | Runner-up | Winning years | Runner-up years |
| Regional (League) | Liga Departamental de Loreto | 5 | — | 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2024 | — |
| Regional (League) | Liga Provincial de Maynas | 4 | 1 | 2017, 2022, 2023, 2024 | 2016 |
| Regional (League) | Liga Distrital de Iquitos | 2 | 3 | 2016, 2023 | 2017, 2022, 2024 |
# Naya Nangal

Naya Nangal is a town, near Rupnagar city and the Bhakhra Dam in Rupnagar district of Punjab, India. It is part of Nangal, and is a planned town having sectors similar to the city Chandigarh. The town was created for employees of National Fertilizers. It has a railway station and a market divided sector wise. Along with that it covers Shivalik avenue. This town lies on the foothills of Himalayas. It includes the Sutlej River, Nangal Dam, migratory Siberian protected birds, N.F.L. colony, P.A.C.L. colony, ShivaliK Avenue and a history that includes Jawaharlal Nehru visits and British town planning.

## Climate

Naya Nangal has been ranked 11th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India.
# Krzysztof Wierzbowski

Krzysztof Wierzbowski (born 18 July 1988) is a Polish volleyball player.

## Career
### Clubs

He went to Lotos Trefl Gdańsk in June 2013. He signed a two-year contract. On 19 April 2015 Lotos Trefl Gdańsk, including him, achieved the Polish Cup 2015. Then he won silver medal of the Polish Championship. After two seasons he left Lotos Trefl Gdańsk in May 2015.

### National team

He won a silver medal at the Universiade 2013.

## Sporting achievements
### Clubs
#### CEV Challenge Cup

* 2011–12 – with AZS Politechnika Warszawska

#### National championships

* 2007–08 Polish Cup, with AZS Częstochowa
* 2007–08 Polish Championship, with AZS Częstochowa
* 2014–15 Polish Cup, with Lotos Trefl Gdańsk
* 2014–15 Polish Championship, with Lotos Trefl Gdańsk
# Wilhelm Theodor Söderberg

Wilhelm Theodor Söderberg (1845–1922) was a Swedish composer and music teacher.
Theodor Söderberg was the son of organist Wilhelm Oscar Söderberg. He studied at Stockholms musikkonservatorium, qualified as organist in 1867, and as conductor in 1870. He was married to Sigrid Elvira (née Strömberg), and became the father-in-law of the industrialist Fredrik Ljungström.
Wilhelm Theodor Söderberg served as music teacher in Stockholm 1871–1873 and as organist in Karlshamn from 1873. He was the piano teacher of Alice Tegnér.
Söderberg co-founded Karlshamns musiksällskap in 1876 and was its first dirigent 1876–1911.

## Hymns

* Ack, varför nu sörja?
* En morgon utan synd jag vakna får, Nr 494 i Hemlandssånger 1892
* Fröjdas vart sinne
* Fort skynden alla
* Gud är trofast, o min själ
* Jag har i himlen en vän så god
* Jag kom till korset och såg en man
* Lev för Jesus, intet annat
* Låt mig börja med dig
* Modersvingen
* På Sions berg
# 1972 Kent State Golden Flashes football team

The 1972 Kent State Golden Flashes football team represented Kent State University in the 1972 NCAA University Division football season. The Golden Flashes offense scored 191 points while the defense allowed 196 points. Led by head coach Don James, the Golden Flashes participated in the Tangerine Bowl. Future college head coaches Nick Saban (Alabama) and Gary Pinkel (Missouri) played on the team, along with future Pittsburgh Steelers and Pro Football Hall of Fame linebacker Jack Lambert.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 9 | at Akron* | Rubber BowlAkron, OH (Wagon Wheel) | T 13–13 | 25,121 |
| September 16 | at Louisville* | Cardinal StadiumLouisville, KY | L 0–34 | |
| September 23 | Ohio | Dix StadiumKent, OH | W 37–14 | |
| September 30 | San Diego State* | Dix StadiumKent, OH | L 0–14 | 5,421 |
| October 7 | Western Michigan | Dix StadiumKent, OH | L 12–13 | |
| October 14 | at Bowling Green | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH (rivalry) | W 14–10 | |
| October 21 | Xavier* | Dix StadiumKent, OH | W 26–16 | 15,487 |
| October 28 | at Northern Illinois* | Huskie StadiumDeKalb, IL | L 7–28 | |
| November 4 | at Marshall* | Fairfield StadiumHuntington, WV | W 16–14 | |
| November 11 | at Miami (OH) | Miami FieldOxford, OH | W 21–10 | |
| November 18 | Toledo | Dix StadiumKent, OH | W 27–9 | |
| December 29 | vs. Tampa | Tangerine BowlOrlando, FL (Tangerine Bowl) | L 18–21 | 20,062 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||

## Kent State players in the NFL

* Linebacker Jack Lambert went on to a career in the National Football League with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Running Back Larry Poole also played a number of years in the NFL with Cleveland Browns, Cincinnati Bengals and Houston.
# Vingtaine des Augerez

Vingtaine des Augerez is one of the five vingtaines of St Peter Parish on the Channel Island of Jersey.