# List of graphics chips and card companies

During the 1980s and 1990s, a relatively large number of companies appeared selling primarily 2D graphics cards and later 3D. Most of those companies have subsequently disappeared, as the increasing complexity of GPUs substantially increased research and development costs. Many of these companies subsequently went bankrupt or were bought out. Amongst the notable discrete graphics card vendors, AMD and Nvidia are the only ones that have lasted. In 2022, Intel entered the discrete GPU market with the Arc series and has three more generations confirmed on two year release schedules.
There are currently 102 manufacturers in this incomplete list.

## Graphics chip makers

Many of the companies listed below also design(ed) graphics cards.
| Name | Country of origin | Year of market entry | Year of market exit | Fate | Notes |
| 3dfx | United States | 1994 | 2001 | Bankruptcy; acquired by Nvidia in 2002 | |
| 3Dlabs | United States | 1994 | 2009 | Merged with Creative Labs' personal entertainment division to form ZiiLABS | |
| ALi | Taiwan | 1987 | 2006 | Acquired by Nvidia | Formerly a division of Acer, full name Acer Laboratories Incorporated |
| Alphamosaic | United Kingdom | 2000 | 2004 | Acquired by Broadcom | Original developers of the VideoCore series of discrete mobile GPUs |
| AMD | United States | 2006 | Active | | Current developers of the Radeon series; entered graphics chip industry after acquiring ATI Technologies in 2006 |
| Apple | United States | 2016 | Active | | Entered the graphics card market in 1981; began developing GPUs with the A10 SoC in 2016 (based on Imagination's PowerVR) and introduced their first entirely in-house GPU with the A11 SoC in 2017 |
| ARK Logic | United States | 1993 | 1999 | Bankruptcy | |
| Arm Holdings | United Kingdom | 2005 | Active | | Developers of the Mali and Immortalis lines of mobile GPUs |
| ArtX | United States | 1997 | 2000 | Acquired by ATI Technologies | |
| ATI Technologies | Canada | 1985 | 2006 | Acquired by AMD | Pioneering company, developers of the Wonder, the Mach, the Rage, the All-in-Wonder, and finally the Radeon series of graphics cards |
| Avance Logic | United States | 1991 | 2002 | Acquired by Realtek in 1995; dissolved in 2002 | |
| BitBoys | Finland | 1991 | 2009 | Acquired by ATI Technologies | |
| Broadcom | United States | 2004 | Active | | Current developers of the VideoCore series; entered graphics chip industry after acquiring Alphamosaic in 2004 |
| Chips and Technologies | United States | 1984 | 1997 | Acquired by Intel | |
| Chromatic Research | United States | 1993 | 1998 | Acquired by ATI Technologies | |
| Cirrus Logic | United States | 1984 | 2005 | Spun off graphics chip division to create Magnum Semiconductor, which was acquired by IDT in 2017 | |
| Evans & Sutherland | United States | 1968 | 2001 | Sold its graphics chip assets to Real Vision | Still active in the computer simulation business |
| Gemini Technology | Canada | 1984 | 1990 | Bankruptcy; acquired by Seiko Epson to form the Vancouver Design Center | |
| Genoa Systems | United States | 1984 | 2002 | Bankruptcy | |
| GigaPixel | United States | 1997 | 2000 | Acquired by 3dfx | |
| Headland Technology | United States | 1989 | 1993 | Sold its graphics chip assets to Spea Software | Formerly a division of LSI Logic's Standard Products Group |
| Imagination Technologies | United Kingdom | 1985 | Active | | Founded as VideoLogic; developers of the PowerVR series |
| Integrated Information Technology | United States | 1987 | Un­known | Exited the graphics chip industry | Following exit became 8x8, a provider of videoconferencing and VoIP products |
| Intel | United States | 1982 | Active | | Entered the graphics chip industry after becoming the second source for NEC's μPD7220 in 1982; entered the discrete GPU market with the Arc series in 2022 |
| iXMicro | United States | 1994 | 2000 | Bankruptcy | Produced graphics cards for Macintosh and Macintosh clones |
| Jingjia Micro | China | 2006 | Active | | China's largest producer of GPUs |
| Matrox | Canada | 1976 | Un­known | Exited the graphics chip industry | Once a mass manufacturer of graphics chips, now targets niche markets; still produces graphics cards based on Intel's Arc GPUs |
| Moore Threads | China | 2020 | Active | | Developers of the MTT series, China's first domestically produced graphics card |
| MOS Technology | United States | 1979 | 2000 | Dissolution | Produced the VIC and TED lines of graphics chips; owned by Commodore International |
| NEC | Japan | 1979 | Un­known | Exited the graphics chip industry | Produced the influential μPD7220, widely used in 1980s microcomputers |
| NeoMagic | United States | 1993 | Active | | Supplier of mobile SoCs with integrated GPUs |
| Number Nine Visual Technology | United States | 1982 | 1999 | Acquired by S3 | Developed the first 128-bit graphics processor |
| Nvidia | United States | 1993 | Active | | Developers of the GeForce series; largest producer of discrete desktop graphics chips as of 2023 |
| Oak Technology | United States | 1987 | 2003 | Acquired by Zoran | |
| OPTi | United States | 1993 | 2001 | Dissolution | |
| Paradise Systems | United States | 1982 | 1996 | Dissolution | Acquired by Western Digital in 1986, then sold to Philips in 1995 |
| Primus Technology | United States | 1992 | 1993 | Disappeared from the marketplace | Produced a Windows accelerator by the name P2000 |
| Qualcomm | United States | 2008 | Active | | Developers of the Adreno series |
| Radius | United States | 1986 | 2002 | Acquired by Media 100 | Produced graphics solutions primarily for Apple Computer |
| Raycer | United States | 1996 | 1999 | Acquired by Apple Computer | |
| Real3D | United States | 1995 | 1999 | Acquired by Intel | |
| Realtek | Taiwan | 1995 | Un­known | Exited the graphics chip industry | |
| Rendition | United States | 1993 | 1998 | Acquired by Micron Technology | |
| S3 Graphics | United States | 1989 | 2000 | Merged with Diamond Multimedia, then sold off its core graphics division to VIA Technologies; later sold off to HTC | |
| Samsung Electronics | South Korea | 2022 | Active | | Began employing AMD's RDNA GPU microarchitecture into their Exynos SoCs in 2022 |
| Silicon Graphics | United States | 1981 | 2006 | Stopped developing graphics chips in-house in 2006 and started buying GPUs from other companies | Later went completely defunct in 2009; its assets were bought in the resulting Chapter 11 bankruptcy by Rackable Systems, which changed its name to Silicon Graphics International |
| Silicon Image | United States | 1995 | 2015 | Acquired by Lattice Semiconductor | |
| Silicon Integrated Systems | Taiwan | 1997 | 2003 | Spun off graphics chip division to form XGI | |
| Tamarack Microelectronics | Taiwan | 1987 | 2002 | Merged with IC Plus in 2002 | |
| Texas Instruments | United States | 1979 | Un­known | Exited the graphics chip industry | |
| Trident Microsystems | United States | 1987 | 2003 | Sold its graphics chip assets to XGI in 2003 | Following exit entered bankruptcy in 2012 |
| Tseng Labs | United States | 1983 | 1998 | Sold its graphics chip assets to ATI Technologies in 1997 | |
| United Microelectronics Corporation | Taiwan | 1980 | Un­known | Exited the graphics chip industry | Following exit in the late 1990s became a chip foundry |
| VIA Technologies | Taiwan | 1999 | 2011 | Exited the graphics chip industry | Entered the graphics chip industry after forming a joint venture with S3 |
| Video Seven | United States | 1984 | 1989 | Merged with G-2 Inc., a subsidiary of LSI Logic, to form Headland Technology | |
| Vivante Corporation | United States | 2004 | 2015 | Acquired by VeriSilicon | |
| Weitek | United States | 1991 | 1996 | Bankruptcy | Producer of the Power9000 series of GPUs from circa 1991 to 1994 |
| Western Digital Imaging | United States | 1986 | 1995 | Dissolution | Formed as the result of merger between Paradise Systems and Verticom Inc. |
| ZiiLABS | United States | 2009 | 2012 | Assets split between Creative Technology and Intel | |

## Graphics card makers

| Name | Country of origin | Year of market entry | Year of market exit | Chips used | Fate | Notes |
| Acer | Taiwan | 1987 | Active | Arc, Radeon, ALi (formerly) | | |
| Actix Systems | United States | 1990 | 1998 | S3 | Dissolution | |
| Appian Graphics | United States | 1994 | 2001 | | Acquired by ATI Technologies | |
| Artist Graphics | United States | 1979 | 1995 | | Bankruptcy | |
| ASRock | Taiwan | 2002 | Active | Arc, Radeon | | |
| Asus | Taiwan | 1996 | Active | GeForce, Radeon, ViRGE (formerly) | | |
| BFG Technologies | United States | 2002 | 2010 | | Bankruptcy | |
| Biostar | Taiwan | 2004 | Active | Radeon, GeForce | | |
| Boca Research | United States | 1989 | 2002 | | Acquired by Ener1 | |
| Cardinal Technologies | United States | 1991 | 1997 | | Bankruptcy | |
| Chaintech | Taiwan | Un­known | Un­known | GeForce | | |
| Creative Technology | Singapore | 1994 | Un­known | Various | | |
| Cromemco | United States | 1975 | 1987 | | Sold to Dynatech Corporation | Introduced the first color graphics card for microcomputers, the Dazzler, in 1976 |
| Diamond Multimedia | United States | 1989 | Active | Various | |
| Elitegroup Computer Systems | Taiwan | 1992 | Active | | | |
| ELSA Technology | Germany | 1989 | Active | GeForce, S3 (formerly) | | |
| EVGA | United States | 1999 | 2022 | GeForce | Exited the graphics card industry; still in business | |
| Foxconn | Taiwan | 2004 | Un­known | GeForce | | |
| Gainward | Taiwan | 1995 | Active | GeForce, Trio (formerly), ViRGE (formerly) | | |
| GALAX | Hong Kong | 1994 | Active | GeForce | | |
| Gigabyte Technology | Taiwan | Un­known | Active | GeForce, Radeon | | |
| Hercules Computer Technology | United States | 1982 | 1998 | | Acquired by Guillemot Corporation | |
| Hightech Information System | Hong Kong | 2002 | Active | Radeon | | |
| Colorful Co., Ltd. [zh] | Taiwan | 1995 | Active | GeForce | | |
| Innovation Computer | United States | 1983 | Un­known | | Dissolution | |
| Leadtek | Taiwan | 1995 | Active | GeForce, Tseng Labs (formerly) | | |
| Maxsun [zh] | Taiwan | 2002 | Active | GeForce | | |
| Media Vision | United States | 1990 | 1996 | | Bankruptcy | |
| Micro-Star International | Taiwan | 1986 | Active | Radeon, GeForce | | |
| Nth Graphics | United States | 1986 | Un­known | | Bankruptcy | |
| Orchid Technology | United States | 1982 | 1994 | | Acquired by Micronics Computers, then by Diamond Multimedia | |
| Palit Microsystems | Taiwan | 1988 | Active | GeForce, Trident (formerly), S3 (formerly) | | |
| PNY Technologies | United States | 2001 | Active | GeForce | | |
| Point of View | Netherlands | 2000 | Active | | |
| PowerColor | Taiwan | 1997 | Active | Radeon | | |
| Sapphire Technology | Hong Kong | 2001 | Active | Radeon | | |
| Sparkle Computer | Taiwan | 2000 | Active | Arc, GeForce (formerly) | | |
| Spea Software | Germany | 1985 | 1995 | | Acquired by Diamond Multimedia in 1995, then by ATI Technologies in 2001 | |
| STB Systems | United States | 1981 | 1999 | | Acquired by 3dfx | |
| Vectrix | United States | 1980 | 1993 | | Bankruptcy | |
| Vermont Microsystems | United States | 1982 | Un­known | | Bankruptcy | |
| XFX | United States | 2002 | Active | Radeon, GeForce | | |
| Zotac | Hong Kong | 2006 | Active | GeForce | | |