# Scaliger

The House of Della Scala, whose members were known as Scaligeri (Italian:) or Scaligers (/ˈskælɪdʒərz/; from the Latinized de Scalis), was the ruling family of Verona and mainland Veneto (except for Venice) from 1262 to 1387, for a total of 125 years.

## History

When Ezzelino III was elected podestà of the commune in 1226, he was able to convert the office into a permanent lordship. Upon his death the Great Council elected as podestà Mastino I, who succeeded in converting the signoria (seigniory) into a family inheritance, governing at first with the acquiescence of the commune, then, when they failed to re-elect him in 1262, he effected a coup d'état and was acclaimed capitano del popolo ("people's captain"), at the head of the commune's troops. In 1277 Mastino was killed by a faction of the nobles. The reign of his son Alberto as capitano (1277–1302) was an incessant war against the counts of San Bonifacio, who were aided by the House of Este. Of his three sons, Cangrande I inherited the podestà position in 1308, only the last shared the government (1308) and made a name as warrior, prince and patron of Dante, Petrarch and Giotto. By war or treaty he brought under his control the cities of Padua (1328), Treviso (1329), and Vicenza.
Cangrande I was succeeded by his nephews Mastino II (1329–1351) and Alberto. Mastino, the richest and most powerful prince of his generation in Italy, continued his uncle's policy, conquering Brescia in 1332 and carrying his power beyond the Po river. He purchased Parma (1335) and Lucca (1339). A powerful league was formed against him in 1337: Florence, Venice, the Visconti, the Este and the Gonzaga all joined, and after a three-year war, the Scaliger dominions were reduced to Verona and Vicenza.
His son Cangrande II (1351–1359) was a cruel and suspicious tyrant; not trusting his own subjects, he surrounded himself with German mercenaries, but was killed by his brother Cansignorio (1359–1375), who beautified Verona with palaces, provided it with aqueducts and bridges and founded the state treasury. He also killed his other brother, Paolo Alboino. Fratricide among the Scaligeri continued when Antonio (1375–1387), Cansignorio's natural son, slew his brother Bartolomeo. This aroused the indignation of the people, who deserted him when Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan made war on him. Having exhausted all his resources, he fled from Verona at midnight (19 October 1387), thus ending the Scaliger domination.
His son Can Francesco attempted fruitlessly to recover Verona (1390). Guglielmo (1404), natural son of Cangrande II, was more fortunate: with the support of the people, he drove out the Milanese, but he died ten days thereafter, and Verona then submitted to Venice (1405). The last representatives of the Scaligeri lived at the imperial court and repeatedly attempted to recover Verona by the aid of popular uprisings. After the Scaligeri had been ousted, two self-proclaimed members of the family, Giulio Cesare della Scala (also known as Julius Caesar Scaliger) and his son Joseph Justus Scaliger, made a reputation as humanist scholars, though their relationship to the historic Scaliger family is disputed. Guglielmo's sons dispersed widely: Brunoro [it] went to Germany, while Nicodemo [it] followed an ecclesiastical career, becoming Bishop of Freising; most of the siblings died and were buried in Vienna. Paolo [it] married Amalia von Frauenberg and founded the Bavarian von der Leiter branch of the family, which survived until 1598.
The church of Santa Maria Antica in Verona is surrounded with the tombs (arche) of the Scaligeri in the form of Gothic shrines, or tempietti, enclosing their sarcophagi: Cangrande della Scala is memorialized with an equestrian statue; Cansignorio by a marble Gothic monument by Bonino da Campione, 1374.

## Family tree of della Scala (Scaliger)

| | | | | | | Arduino DELLA SCALA | Arduino DELLA SCALA | Arduino DELLA SCALA | Arduino DELLA SCALA | Arduino DELLA SCALA | Arduino DELLA SCALA |
| | | | | | | Balduino ∞ Caradina Gabrielli | Balduino ∞ Caradina Gabrielli | Balduino ∞ Caradina Gabrielli | Balduino ∞ Caradina Gabrielli | Balduino ∞ Caradina Gabrielli | Balduino ∞ Caradina Gabrielli | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Leonardo | Leonardo | Leonardo | Leonardo | Leonardo | Leonardo | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Jacopino della Scala ∞ Elisa Superbi | Jacopino della Scala ∞ Elisa Superbi | Jacopino della Scala ∞ Elisa Superbi | Jacopino della Scala ∞ Elisa Superbi | Jacopino della Scala ∞ Elisa Superbi | Jacopino della Scala ∞ Elisa Superbi | | | | | | |
| Mastino I della Scala | Mastino I della Scala | Mastino I della Scala | Mastino I della Scala | Mastino I della Scala | Mastino I della Scala | Alberto I della Scala ∞ Verde of Salizzolo | Alberto I della Scala ∞ Verde of Salizzolo | Alberto I della Scala ∞ Verde of Salizzolo | Alberto I della Scala ∞ Verde of Salizzolo | Alberto I della Scala ∞ Verde of Salizzolo | Alberto I della Scala ∞ Verde of Salizzolo |
| Bartolomeo I della Scala ∞ Constanca of Antioch | Bartolomeo I della Scala ∞ Constanca of Antioch | Bartolomeo I della Scala ∞ Constanca of Antioch | Bartolomeo I della Scala ∞ Constanca of Antioch | Bartolomeo I della Scala ∞ Constanca of Antioch | Bartolomeo I della Scala ∞ Constanca of Antioch | Alboino della Scala ∞ 1.Caterina Visconti 2.Betrice da Corregio | Alboino della Scala ∞ 1.Caterina Visconti 2.Betrice da Corregio | Alboino della Scala ∞ 1.Caterina Visconti 2.Betrice da Corregio | Alboino della Scala ∞ 1.Caterina Visconti 2.Betrice da Corregio | Alboino della Scala ∞ 1.Caterina Visconti 2.Betrice da Corregio | Alboino della Scala ∞ 1.Caterina Visconti 2.Betrice da Corregio | Cangrande I della Scala ∞ Giovanna di Svevia | Cangrande I della Scala ∞ Giovanna di Svevia | Cangrande I della Scala ∞ Giovanna di Svevia | Cangrande I della Scala ∞ Giovanna di Svevia | Cangrande I della Scala ∞ Giovanna di Svevia | Cangrande I della Scala ∞ Giovanna di Svevia |
| (2) Alberto II della Scala | (2) Alberto II della Scala | (2) Alberto II della Scala | (2) Alberto II della Scala | (2) Alberto II della Scala | (2) Alberto II della Scala | (2) Mastino II della Scala ∞ Taddea da Carrara | (2) Mastino II della Scala ∞ Taddea da Carrara | (2) Mastino II della Scala ∞ Taddea da Carrara | (2) Mastino II della Scala ∞ Taddea da Carrara | (2) Mastino II della Scala ∞ Taddea da Carrara | (2) Mastino II della Scala ∞ Taddea da Carrara |
| Cangrande II della Scala ∞ Elizabeth of Bavaria | Cangrande II della Scala ∞ Elizabeth of Bavaria | Cangrande II della Scala ∞ Elizabeth of Bavaria | Cangrande II della Scala ∞ Elizabeth of Bavaria | Cangrande II della Scala ∞ Elizabeth of Bavaria | Cangrande II della Scala ∞ Elizabeth of Bavaria | Cansignorio della Scala ∞ Agnes of Durazzo | Cansignorio della Scala ∞ Agnes of Durazzo | Cansignorio della Scala ∞ Agnes of Durazzo | Cansignorio della Scala ∞ Agnes of Durazzo | Cansignorio della Scala ∞ Agnes of Durazzo | Cansignorio della Scala ∞ Agnes of Durazzo | Paolo Alboino della Scala | Paolo Alboino della Scala | Paolo Alboino della Scala | Paolo Alboino della Scala | Paolo Alboino della Scala | Paolo Alboino della Scala |
| (illeg.) Guglielmo della Scala ∞ Onesta Mortone | (illeg.) Guglielmo della Scala ∞ Onesta Mortone | (illeg.) Guglielmo della Scala ∞ Onesta Mortone | (illeg.) Guglielmo della Scala ∞ Onesta Mortone | (illeg.) Guglielmo della Scala ∞ Onesta Mortone | (illeg.) Guglielmo della Scala ∞ Onesta Mortone | (illeg.) Antonio I della Scala ∞ Samaritana de Polena | (illeg.) Antonio I della Scala ∞ Samaritana de Polena | (illeg.) Antonio I della Scala ∞ Samaritana de Polena | (illeg.) Antonio I della Scala ∞ Samaritana de Polena | (illeg.) Antonio I della Scala ∞ Samaritana de Polena | (illeg.) Antonio I della Scala ∞ Samaritana de Polena | (illeg.) Bartolomeo II della Scala | (illeg.) Bartolomeo II della Scala | (illeg.) Bartolomeo II della Scala | (illeg.) Bartolomeo II della Scala | (illeg.) Bartolomeo II della Scala | (illeg.) Bartolomeo II della Scala |
| Antoinio II della Scala | Antoinio II della Scala | Antoinio II della Scala | Antoinio II della Scala | Antoinio II della Scala | Antoinio II della Scala | Canfrancesco della Scala | Canfrancesco della Scala | Canfrancesco della Scala | Canfrancesco della Scala | Canfrancesco della Scala | Canfrancesco della Scala | | | | | | |