OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kulikalon Lakes

The Kulikalon Lakes, also spelt Kul-i Kalon, are a group of three glacial lakes, or tarns, in the Zeravshan Mountains of south-western Sughd Province in western Tajikistan. The lakes and their surrounds have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA).

## Description

The lakes are 55 km (34 mi) southeast of the district centre of Panjakent. They lie in the Kulikalon cirque among remnants of juniper forest. They are fed by meltwater from the Chimtarga glacier, with water levels peaking in summer, and are drained by the Artuch River. The middle part of the cirque is at an altitude of 2,800 m (9,200 ft) above sea level with the adjacent mountains rising to 3,000–3,500 m (9,800–11,500 ft). The area contains the largest remaining blocks of juniper forest in the western half of the Zeravshan Range, on the edge of the Chimtarga massif. The area around the lakes is used as pasture.

## Birds

The site was classified as an IBA because it supports significant numbers of the populations of various bird species, either as residents, or as breeding or passage migrants. These include Himalayan snowcocks, saker falcons, Himalayan vultures, solitary snipe, yellow-billed choughs, Hume's larks, sulphur-bellied warblers, wallcreepers, white-winged redstarts, brown accentors, water pipits, crimson-winged finches and white-winged grosbeaks.
# Rakitnica (Neretva)

Rakitnica (Serbian Cyrillic: Ракитница) is the main tributary of the first section of the Neretva river, also called Upper Neretva (Bosnian: Gornja Neretva). It meets Neretva from the right, flowing from north to south, between Bjelašnica and Visočica mountains.

## Geography

The Rakitnica river begins as Crna Rijeka (English = Black River) from "Zucina Vrela" (English = "Zuco's Wellsprings") that emerges in the areal above Rakitnica village under the northwestern ridge of Treskavica mountain, and after a short run, cca. 2 kilometers, and confluence with Glibovac creek it becomes Rakitnica. The Rakitnica river forms a 26 km long canyon, on its 33 km long stretch, carved between Bjelašnica and Visočica, southeast from Sarajevo.
There is a hiking trail along the ridge of the Rakitnica canyon, all the way to the famous village of Lukomir. The village, inhabited by Bosniaks, is the only remaining semi-nomadic traditional mountain village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At almost 1,500m, Lukomir, with its unique stone homes with cherry-wood roof tiles, is also the highest and most isolated. Indeed, access to the village is impossible from the first snows in November until late April and sometimes even later, except by skis or on foot. A newly constructed lodge is now complete to receive guests and hikers.

## Protection

Bosnia and Herzegovina on several occasions, since 1998, was preparing to establish a large national park which, according to developed but never operationalized plans, would comprise the entire region of Gornja Neretva (English: Upper Neretva), including the Rakitnica river. However parts of the river course and canyon features are designated Nature Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Gongora subg. Acropera

Gongora subg. Acropera is a subgenus of Gongora, containing seven species.
# Maayunnu, Maarivarayunnu, Nisvaasangalil...

Maayunnu, Maarivarayunnu, Nisvaasangalil... (Dust Art Redrawn in Respiration) is a 2024 crowd funded Indian Malayalam language experimental mockumentary film directed by Abhilash Babu. The film was premiered at the 29th IFFK.

## Summary

Suneer Muhammad and Naveen are father and son, similarly Nalini and Dhanya are mother and daughter. Dhanya and Naveen were in a romantic relationship and without knowing this Suneer and Nalini fall in love and decide to live their life together. This creates a dilemma in Dhanya's life and she breaks up with Naveen.

## Cast

* Pradeep Kumar - Suneer Muhammad
* Surya S - Nalini
* Kenshin - Naveen
* Gauthami Kaur - Dhanya
* Aromal T - Documentary Director
* Sherin Catherine - Stephy Susan
* Anil EP - Anil EP
* Abhilash Babu - Film Director

## Production

Director Abhilash Babu, who had already made a film 'Aalokam' in 2023, decided to meet people with his script and many came forward to support him through crowdfunding. Thus 'Maayunnu, Maarivarayunnu, Nisvaasangalil...' was launched. The film follows the format of a documentary or an interview and the film did not have any music score. It was completed with a budget of two lakhs fifty thousand with a shooting time of 13 hours. Actor Kenshin stated that, "during workshop, we were linking the characters with our own experiences, as if we took a particular route in our life at a particular point of time."

## Accolades

* Official Selection, Malayalam Cinema Today at the 29th IFFK
* Official Selection, Malayalam Cinema Category at the 8th Dialogue International Film Festival, Ottappalam.
* Official Selection, KUFF (Kerala University Film Festival)
# Megumi Harada

Megumi Harada is a mathematician who works as a professor in the department of mathematics and statistics at McMaster University, where she holds a tier-two Canada Research Chair in Equivariant Symplectic and Algebraic Geometry.

## Research

Harada's research involves the symmetries of symplectic spaces and their connections to other areas of mathematics including algebraic geometry, representation theory, K-theory, and algebraic combinatorics.

## Education and career

Harada graduated in 1996 from Harvard University, with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. She completed her doctorate in 2003 from the University of California, Berkeley. Her dissertation, The Symplectic Geometry of the Gel'fand-Cetlin-Molev Basis for Representations of Sp(2n, C), concerned symplectic geometry and was supervised by Allen Knutson.
After postdoctoral studies at the University of Toronto, she joined the McMaster faculty in 2006.

## Recognition

In 2013, Harada won the Ruth I. Michler Memorial Prize of the Association for Women in Mathematics, funding her travel to Cornell University for research collaborations with Reyer Sjamar, Tara S. Holm, and Allen Knutson. She was given her Canada Research Chair in 2014. She is the 2018 winner of the Krieger–Nelson Prize "for her research on Newton–Okounkov bodies, Hessenberg varieties, and their relationships to symplectic geometry, combinatorics, and equivariant topology, among others".
She was elected as a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, in the 2025 class of fellows.
# Ranka Parish

Ranka parish (Latvian: Rankas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Gulbene Municipality (prior to the 2009 administrative reforms Gulbene district). It is located in a hilly region with land use consisting mainly of agriculture and forests.

## Towns, villages and settlements

Hamlets in the Ranka parish are:
* Sprogi
* Birzuli
* Kakupi
* Lacumeri
* Vecamuiza
* Pavarini
* Dukuli
* Augstkalni
* Pluksi
* Papani
* Kartonfabrika
* Ranka
* Salina
* Branti
* Lacites
* Sejatas
* Lukes
* Reveli
* Kezi
* Mezsiliesi

## Lakes

In Ranka parish are several lakes, including:
* Kalmodu ezers
* Cepļu ezers
* Teļezers

## Transport

The regional roads P33 and P27 run through Ranka.
Ranka has 2 railway stations: Uriekste and Ranka.
# Abdisamad Ali Shire

Abdisamad Ali Shire (Somali: Cabdisamad Cali Shiire, Arabic: عبد الصمد علي شيري) was a Somali politician and military officer who served as the Vice President of Puntland from January 8, 2009, to January 8, 2014.

## Personal life

Shire was born in Taleh, situated in the Sool region. He is from the Nur Ahmed sublineage of the Ugadhyahan sub-clan of the Mohamoud Garad, which one of the main branches of the Dhulbahante tribe, a sub-division of the Harti Darod clan. Shire was an army colonel in the Puntland's Dervish Army section of the military from 2002 to 2004.

## Puntland Vice President
### Vice President of Puntland
#### Garowe Principles

In February 2012, Shire and other Somali government officials met in Garowe, Puntland's administrative capital, to discuss post-transition arrangements following the end of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG)'s mandate in August 2012. After extensive deliberations attended by regional actors and international observers, the conference ended in a signed agreement between Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole, TFG President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Speaker of Parliament Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden, Galmudug President Mohamed Ahmed Alim and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a representative Khalif Abdulkadir Noor stipulating that: a) a new 225 member bicameral parliament would be formed, consisting of an upper house seating 54 Senators as well as a lower house; b) 30% of the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) is earmarked for women; c) the President is to be appointed via a constitutional election; and d) the Prime Minister is selected by the President and he/she then names his/her Cabinet. The agreements were known as the Garowe Principles. On 23 June 2012, the Somali federal and regional leaders met again and approved a draft constitution after several days of deliberation. The National Constituent Assembly overwhelmingly passed the new constitution on 1 August, with 96% voting for it, 2% against it, and 2% abstaining.

#### Horseed

On 14 November 2012, President Farole announced the launching of his new political party, Horseed. The association counted over 200 members and represented the incumbent Puntland government, including Vice President Shire and the state Ministers. It was the first prospective party to register for an application with the Transitional Puntland Electoral Commission (TPEC).

#### Puntland presidential election (2014)

In 2013, Shire ran for a second term as Vice President of the autonomous Puntland state in the northeastern region's 2014 elections. He lost out to Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar.

## Death

On 20 May 2021, Shire died in Mogadishu. former vice President of Puntland Abdisamad Ali Shire has been buried in the Puntland capital of Garoowe by the President of Puntland Said Abdullahi Deni attended his funeral.
# Joseph Cooper (broadcaster)

Joseph Elliott Needham Cooper, OBE (7 October 1912 – 4 August 2001) was an English pianist and broadcaster. He was best known as the chairman of the BBC's long-running television panel game Face the Music.

## Early career

Cooper was born at Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol, England, the son of a bank manager. He was educated at Clifton College, and then at Keble College, Oxford, where he was an organ scholar. During the 1930s he worked initially as a church organist and piano teacher before joining the GPO Film Unit, where he wrote incidental music for documentaries, including Mony a Pickle (1938) and A Midsummer Day's Work (1939). Here his colleagues included W. H. Auden and Benjamin Britten. Cooper had already embarked on career as a concert pianist when the outbreak of the Second World War forced him to give up performing for the duration of hostilities. He resumed his career in 1946, studying briefly with Egon Petri, and making his London debut in 1947. As a concert pianist, Cooper made a number of successful recordings (including some for the World Record Club), and also began broadcasting on radio. In 1946 he assisted Ralph Vaughan Williams with the arrangement of Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra.

## Broadcasting compère

In 1954, Cooper accepted an invitation to work on the BBC radio quiz show Call the Tune. In 1966, the show transferred to television under the title Face the Music. Transmitted on BBC2 and repeated on BBC1, it ran until 1979 and was briefly revived in 1983–84. The show kept Cooper in the public eye, and the "Hidden Melody" round, a regular feature of the show in which he improvised in the style of a composer and cloaked a well-known tune in his elaborate extemporization, served as a vehicle for his pianistic talent. Face the Music also featured the Dummy Keyboard, in which Cooper played a well-known piano piece on a silent keyboard and the panel had to identify it. The music was gradually faded in for viewers at home. The panellists included Joyce Grenfell, Robin Ray (who had an encyclopedic memory for opus numbers), and occasionally Bernard Levin. Cooper's work on Face the Music was captured on a recording by CRD Records, which was released in 1973.
During the 1960s Cooper occasionally appeared as one of the presenters of Here Today, a daily 15-minute light current affairs programme broadcast by TWW. He became known for his acerbic interviewing style and for regularly playing out the programme with a gentle piano piece.
Cooper was appointed OBE in 1982. He was married twice, to Jean Greig (daughter of Louis Greig; from 1947 until her death in 1973) and then Carol Borg (from 1975 until her death in 1996). "He adored sailing (occasionally sailing down the Thames to the Festival Hall for a concert)" and church architecture.
Cooper died at Ranmore, near Dorking, leaving an estate valued at over one million pounds.

## Sources

* Radio Times, 1954–1984
* Obituary of Joseph Cooper, The Independent, 15 August 2001
# Strike fighter

In current military parlance, a strike fighter is a multirole combat aircraft designed to operate both as an attack aircraft and as an air superiority fighter. As a category, it is distinct from fighter-bombers, and is closely related to the concept of interdictor aircraft, although it puts more emphasis on aerial combat capabilities.
Examples of notable contemporary strike fighters are the American McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle, Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Lockheed F-35 Lightning II, the Russian Sukhoi Su-34, and the Chinese Shenyang J-16.

## History

Beginning in the 1940s, the term "strike fighter" was occasionally used in navies to refer to fighter aircraft capable of performing air-to-surface strikes, such as the Westland Wyvern, Blackburn Firebrand and Blackburn Firecrest.
The term "light weight tactical strike fighter (LWTSF)" was used to describe the aircraft to meet the December 1953 NATO specification NBMR-1. Amongst the designs submitted to the competition were the Aerfer Sagittario 2, Breguet Br.1001 Taon, Dassault Étendard VI, Fiat G.91 and Sud-Est Baroudeur.
The term entered normal use in the United States Navy by the end of the 1970s, becoming the official description of the new McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet. In 1983, the U.S. Navy even renamed each existing Fighter Attack Squadron to Strike Fighter Squadron to emphasize the air-to-surface mission (as the "Fighter Attack" designation was confused with the "Fighter" designation, which flew pure air-to-air missions).
This name quickly spread to non-maritime use. When the F-15E Strike Eagle came into service, it was originally called a "dual role fighter", but it instead quickly became known as a "strike fighter".

### Joint Strike Fighter

In 1995, the U.S. military's Joint Advanced Strike Technology program changed its name to the Joint Strike Fighter program. The project consequently resulted in the development of the F-35 Lightning II family of fifth generation multirole fighters to perform ground attack, reconnaissance, and air defense missions with stealth capability.

## Modern strike fighters

* Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
* Boeing F-15EX Eagle II
* McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle
* Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
* Sukhoi Su-34
* Shenyang J-16
# Refined Bitumen Association

The Refined Bitumen Association is the trade association for UK bitumen companies.

## History

It was formed in 1968.

### Asphalt Industry Alliance

In 2000, it formed the Asphalt Industry Alliance with the Mineral Products Association, based in London. Asphalt is a mixture of bitumen and quarried mineral products, represented by both trade organisations.

## Structure

Its five main members cover 95% of the UK market
* ExxonMobil Bitumen, based in Leatherhead, Surrey
* Nynas UK (a Swedish company), based in Eastham, Merseyside, Wirral, north of Ellesmere Port
* Petroplus Bitumen (formerly BP Bitumen before Petroplus bought the Coryton Refinery in 2007), based in Llandarcy, Neath Port Talbot
* Shell Bitumen, based in Wythenshawe
* Total Bitumen UK Ltd, based in Ashton-on-Ribble in Preston, Lancashire

## Function

It represents the UK bitumen industry at a national level. The UK produces around 1.5 million tonnes of bitumen a year. 90% of UK bitumen is used on roads.
# Adrian Pearsall

Adrian Pearsall (born 1925, Trumansburg, New York) was an American architect and mid-century furniture designer.
Adrian Mount Pearsall was born in Trumansburg New York. As a young man he went to the University of Illinois and studied Architectural Engineering, graduating in 1950. That same year, he married his wife Dorie Kanarr Pearsall.
Adrian Pearsall founded Craft Associates in Kingston, Pennsylvania in 1952 to manufacture his own designs. He initially began crafting furniture with wrought iron, but by the late 1950s his designs incorporating walnut became hugely popular.
In 1962, Pearsall designed and built a home for his family in Forty Fort, Pennsylvania featuring an indoor swimming pool, atriums, and full-size ice cream bar.
In 2023, Pearsall was posthumously inducted into the Luzerne County Arts & Entertainment Hall of Fame. He was among the Hall of Fame's inaugural class of inductees.
# Tomoya Kanki

Tomoya Kanki (Japanese: 神吉 智也, Hepburn: Kanki Tomoya, born June 27, 1987, in Hyogo), better known mononymously as Tomoya, is a Japanese musician and drummer of the band One Ok Rock. Although not an original member, he has appeared on every One Ok Rock album.

## Life and career

Tomoya is the eldest member of ONE OK ROCK. In junior high school, he belonged to the percussion group in a brass band club, playing various percussion instruments such as tambourine and xylophone. He formed a band in the fall of his first year in high school, and started the band in earnest. After graduated from high school, he came to Tokyo and studied at a technical college.
Tomoya attended ESP Musical Academy where one of his lecturers who was in a band introduced him to a band they had played with earlier that was looking for a drummer. That band was One Ok Rock and after a period of playing as support, he formally joined a month before their major debut. He often updates the One Ok Rock blog.
Kanki and Ryota Kohama composed the song "Deeper Deeper" together.
On June 9, 2017, he announced that he had gotten married. He has three sons, born in November 2017, May 2019, and March 2021.

## Equipment

Tomoya mainly plays drums as his instrument. He has also played percussion and xylophone.
# Pacificus of San Severino

Pacificus of San Severino (1 March 1653 – 24 September 1721), born Carlo Antonio Divini, was an Italian Roman Catholic priest known for being a miracle-worker.
He was beatified on 4 August 1786, and canonized as a saint in 1839.

## Life

Carlo Antonio Divini was born at San Severino as the youngest of thirteen children of the nobles Antonio Maria and Mariangela Bruni Divini. His parents died not long after his Confirmation when he was aged three. He was raised by his maternal uncle Luzizio Bruni, archdeacon of the Cathedral of San Severino, a good and cultured man, but far too strict to care for a small child. In December 1670 he took the Franciscan habit in the Order of the Reformati at Forano in the March of Ancona, taking the name "Pacificus".
Pacificus was ordained to the priesthood on 4 June 1678 and served as professor of philosophy for the next six years for the newer members of the order at Fossombrone. Following this he worked for four or five years as a missionary in the surrounding area. He is described as "... tall, thin man with pale skin, an eagle nose, a clear voice and a modest and friendly appearance."
Although in poor health, he walked a good part of central-northern Italy to preach. In 1684, his health began to fail. Suffering lameness and deafness in addition to blindness he was unable to continue giving missions and then cultivated the contemplative life. Subject all his life long to intense bodily pains, "he sought for comfort and relief in God alone, and was by him favoured with marvellous supernatural graces and with the gift of working miracles". He was said to have "borne his ills with angelic patience, worked several miracles, and was favoured by God with ecstasies". It is said that he predicted the terrible earthquake that devastated Abruzzo in 1703.
Despite chronic ill health, he moved between the monasteries of San Severino and Forano, holding responsible positions in both places. From 1692 to 1693, he held the post of Guardian in the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in San Severino, where he later died on 24 September 1721.

## Veneration

Crowds turned out for his funeral and miracles were soon reported at his grave. In 1725 his mortal remains were placed in the abbey church.
The canonization process commenced in 1740 under Pope Benedict XIV, in a move that accorded him the title of Servant of God as the first stage. Pope Pius VI beatified him on 4 August 1786. The following year, Pacificus' relics were covered by a wax figure, placed in a glass coffin and moved to a chapel built in his honor. Pope Gregory XVI canonized him on 26 May 1839. His feast is celebrated on 24 September. Pacificus is considered the patron saint of those with chronic pain.
Locations named in honor of Pacificus are relatively few; one church in North America, a chapel in Humphrey, New York, bears his name. The Latin Catholic Church of Büyükada [Prinkipo] in Istanbul, Turkey, called San Pacifico Latin Catholic Church, is dedicated to Pacificus.
# 1898 Colombian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 1 February 1898. The result was a victory for Manuel Antonio Sanclemente of the National Party.

## Electoral system

The 1886 constitution changed the presidential electoral system from one where a candidate had to win a majority of states to be elected (or be elected by Congress if no candidate won a majority of states), to a two-stage system. Voters meeting literacy and property requirements (which were not required for local and regional elections) elected members of an electoral college, who in turn elected the President.

## Results
### President

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Manuel Antonio Sanclemente | National Party | 1,606 | 78.53 |
| | Miguel Samper Agudelo | Colombian Liberal Party | 318 | 15.55 |
| | Rafael Reyes | Colombian Conservative Party | 121 | 5.92 |
| Total | Total | Total | 2,045 | 100.00 |
| Source: Political Database of the Americas |||||

### Vice President

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | José Manuel Marroquín | National Party | 1,693 | 83.94 |
| | Foción Soto | Colombian Liberal Party | 324 | 16.06 |
| Total | Total | Total | 2,017 | 100.00 |
| Source: The Library, UC San Diego |||||