OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clarence Clyde Ferguson Jr.

Clarence Clyde Ferguson Jr. (4 November 1924 – 21 December 1983) was a professor of law and a United States Ambassador to Uganda.
Having experienced the horrors of World War II, as a diplomat he "labored tirelessly to safeguard and extend the fundamental freedoms" essential to world peace. He was the main proponent in many decisions implementing the social provisions of the U.N. Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, particularly in relation to apartheid, and more generally in relation to all forms of racial, religious, and cultural discrimination. Ferguson was the chief draftsman of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's statement on race in 1967 and is considered the "founding father" of affirmative action.
In 1969, he served as the US ambassador-at-large and coordinator for civilian relief in the Nigerian civil war and negotiated the "Protocol on Relief to Nigeria Civilian Victims of the Civil War." He served as ambassador to Uganda in 1970 and as deputy assistant secretary of state for African affairs in 1973. From 1973 to 1975 he was the US representative to the United Nations Economic and Social Council. He had an important role in the defence of human rights in Chile, influencing U.S's actions against Pinochet's crimes.
Ferguson held a professorship at Rutgers University and served as dean of the Howard University School of Law from 1963 to 1969. He joined the faculty of Harvard Law School in 1976 and worked there until his death. The C. Clyde Ferguson Annual Lecture at Howard University School of Law is named after him, as is the Clyde Ferguson award presented by the Association of American Law Schools.
He wrote books including Materials on Trial Presentations and Racism in American Education, and contributed to US Ratification of the Human Rights Treaties.

## Personal life

He was the son of Clarence Clyde (a minister) and Georgena (Owens) Ferguson. Although he was the son and grandson of African Methodist Episcopal ministers, he was not formally affiliated with any denomination. He married Dolores Zimmerman, now deceased, on 14 February 1954. She was an artist. Together they had three children: Claire, Hope, and Eve.

## Education

He received a Bachelor of Arts degree (cum laude) from Ohio State University in 1948, and a Bachelor of Law degree (cum laude) from Harvard University in 1951. He was awarded a Doctor of Law degree by Rutgers University in 1966, and again by Williams College in 1976.

## Other career events

He served in the US Army from 1943 to 1946. taking part in the Battle of Normandy and the fighting in Europe that followed. He received a Bronze Star. He worked on the legal defence team of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He served as president of the American Society of International Law from 1978 to 1980.

## Influence

According to Princeton University Professor Richard Falk, Ferguson was an influence on Francis Boyle, JD PhD https://just-international.org/articles/the-death-of-francis-boyle-a-great-progressive-international-law-scholar-and-practitioner/
# Cheviot Beach

Cheviot Beach is a beach near Point Nepean in Victoria, Australia. It was named after the SS Cheviot, which broke up and sank nearby with the loss of 35 lives on 20 October 1887.
It was the site of the disappearance of Prime Minister Harold Holt; on 17 December 1967, Holt went swimming at the beach, disappeared, and was presumed drowned. He was last seen in the ocean and was then dragged under a wave, never to be seen again. His body was never recovered. Point Nepean had long been a restricted area, initially for quarantine and then later for defence purposes; at the time, it was used by the officer training school of the Australian Army, and Holt had reportedly been issued a special pass to use the beach.
A lookout and memorial to Holt overlook the beach on Cheviot Hill, accessible via a self-guided walk from Point Nepean; however, there remains no beach access, with swimming prohibited for safety reasons. Surf Life Saving Australia rates it as "extremely hazardous" for swimming, noting "at high tide the rocks and reefs lie immediately off the beaches and, as the tide drops, strong permanent rips intensify off the rocks and amongst the reefs."
# Karen Khachaturian

Karen Surenovich Khachaturian (Russian: Карэн Суренович Хачатурян, Armenian: Կարեն Խաչատրյան; Moscow, 19 September 1920 – Moscow, 19 July 2011) was a Soviet and Russian composer of Armenian ethnicity and the nephew of composer Aram Khachaturian.
Khachaturian was born in Moscow, the son of Suren Khachaturian, a theatrical director. His studies under Genrikh Litinsky at the Moscow Conservatory were interrupted by a term of duty in the entertainment division of the Red Army. Resuming his studies in 1945, he worked with Dmitri Shostakovich and Nikolai Myaskovsky.
In addition to a Violin Sonata (1947), his works include a Cello Sonata (1966), a String Quartet (1969), four symphonies (1955, 1968, 1982, 1991) and a ballet, Cipollino (1973), as well as various other orchestral works and music for the theater and films.
Rhythmic drive and a careful and idiomatic use of his instrumental forces characterize his compositions. He adopted a primarily tonal approach to composition. His works have been recorded by artists including David Oistrakh, Jascha Heifetz, Mstislav Rostropovich, and Vladimir Yampolsky. A recording of the opening of his first symphony was played in a lecture-demonstration given at the University of Warwick during the first academic year in which it had undergraduates (1965–1966), by Geoffrey Bush.
From 1952 to 2011 he taught at the Moscow Conservatory (since 1981 - professor). Among his students: A. Tchaikovsky, Alfred Schnittke, Sofia Gubaidulina, A. Baltin, A. Vieru (Romania), N. Terahara (Japan), Kang San U (PRC), V. Babushkin, V. Polyansky, Ashot Ariyan and many others.

## Works

* String trio for violin, viola, and cello
* Violin Sonata, in G minor, Op. 1 composed in 1947. (for Leonid Kogan) – recorded by J. Heifetz and L. Steuber for RCA Victor Gold in 1966. n. of disc is – (GD87872)
* Cello Sonata, dedicated to Mstislav Rostropovich. First performed January 10, 1967
* String quartet.
* Trio for Violin, Horn and Piano (OCLC 225728893)
* 4 symphonies (as noted above)
* Viy
* Cipollino, ballet in 3 acts (1973)

## Awards

Khachaturian was awarded the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class (2007), the Order of Honour (2000) and the Order of Friendship (1995). He was awarded the title People's Artist of the RSFSR (1981) and the USSR State Prize (1976, for the ballet "Cipollino") and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2001). He also received the Diploma of the Russian Federation President (March 6, 2011 – for great contribution to the development of national culture and the many years of creative activity) and the Moscow City Hall prize (1999).
# WWE Crush Hour

WWE Crush Hour is a vehicular combat video game developed by Pacific Coast Power & Light and published by THQ. It was released for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 on March 18, 2003 in North America, and on May 15, 2003 in PAL regions. An Xbox version was in development before being cancelled.

## Plot

WWE Crush Hour features Vince McMahon taking control over every television network, with WWE professional wrestling superstars appearing on every TV show and commercial. His newest project, titled "Crush Hour", is a demolition derby-style show featuring more than thirty WWE superstars in custom cars, outfitted with mounted guns (Primary Weapon), and foreign objects (Optional Weapon) to enhance the destruction of the opponent's vehicles, and a "Special Move" which will inflict significantly more damage than the other aforementioned weapons. WWE Crush Hour also features audio commentary by Jim Ross.

## Roster
### Starters

* Big Show (Big Rig)
* Billy Gunn (Concept Car)
* Booker T (SUV-Pickup Truck Hybrid)
* Brock Lesnar (Armored Truck)
* Bubba Ray Dudley (Converted Pickup Truck)
* Chris Benoit (Modified ATV)
* Chris Jericho (Muscle Car)
* Chuck Palumbo (Concept Car)
* Edge (Futuristic Sports Car)
* Jeff Hardy (Wood-Paneled Station Wagon)
* Kane (Modified Muscle Car)
* Kurt Angle (Patriotic SUV)
* Matt Hardy (Wood-Paneled Station Wagon)
* Rikishi (Steamroller)
* Rob Van Dam (4-Wheel ATV)
* The Rock (Luxury Sports Car)
* Stacy Keibler (Import Tuner)
* Steve Austin (Monster Truck)
* Test (Converted Pickup Truck)
* Triple H (Armored ATV)
* Trish Stratus (German Luxury Car)
* The Undertaker (3-Wheel Chopper)
* William Regal (British Roadster)

### Unlockables

* Bradshaw (Armored Fire-Truck)
* Christian (Futuristic Sports Car)
* D-Von (Converted Pickup Truck)
* Hulk Hogan (Sports Car)
* Kevin Nash (Big Rig)
* Lita (Racing Car)
* Ric Flair (Sports Car)
* Stephanie McMahon (German Luxury Car)
* Vince McMahon (Super-Stretch Limousine)

## Development

WWE Crush Hour was officially announced in May 2002 by JAKKS Pacific and THQ. It was released on March 17, 2003 in North America, and on May 15 in Europe. The game was a budget title, and retailed for much less than other licensed games.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | GC | PS2 |
| Metacritic | 55/100 | 56/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | GC | PS2 |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | 3.17/10 | N/A |
| Eurogamer | 3/10 | N/A |
| Game Informer | 4/10 | 5.25/10 |
| GamePro | | N/A |
| GameSpot | 5.7/10 | 5.7/10 |
| GameSpy | | |
| GameZone | 6.9/10 | 6/10 |
| IGN | 6.5/10 | 6.2/10 |
| Nintendo Power | 2.4/5 | N/A |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | N/A | |
| Maxim | 4/10 | 4/10 |
| The Village Voice | 5/10 | N/A |
The game received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
# Thomas H. White

Thomas Howard White (April 26, 1836 – June 22, 1914) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. In 1876 he founded the White Sewing Machine Company in Cleveland, Ohio, predecessor of White Consolidated Industries. He was also an automotive pioneer through the White Motor Company, which went on to produce cars, trucks, buses and tractors. In 1913 he established the Thomas H. White Charitable Trust, which is still active as the Thomas H. White Foundation.

## Biography

Thomas Howard White was born in Phillipston, Massachusetts, the oldest of eight children, to Windsor and Betsey Pierce White. He only had a basic education, however he also had a strong mechanical aptitude. He invented a small hand-operated single-thread sewing machine, and marketed it as "The New England Sewing Machine" through a company formed in Templeton, Massachusetts with partner William Grothe.
In 1866 he moved to Cleveland, Ohio and founded the White Manufacturing Co., which was followed in 1876 by the formation with William L. Grout of the White Sewing Machine Company, with White as president and treasurer. His company helped make a Cleveland a center for sewing machine manufacture, and set up branch dealers throughout the United States and in England. White also served on Cleveland City Council from 1875-1876. He married Almira L. Greenleaf of Boston on November 2, 1858 and they had eight children.
From the beginnings in sewing machines, White extended his operations into a number of different areas. A sideline department making roller skates was expanded into The Cleveland Machine Screw Co. which in turn became the Cleveland Automatic Machine Co. A bicycle department was created that was eventually sold to The American Bicycle Company. He also was involved in manufacturing motor vehicles beginning in 1906 through the White Motor Company, although operations were primarily overseen by three of his sons, Windsor, Rollin and Walter. White was acquired by Volvo in 1980 during bankruptcy proceedings. In 1988, Volvo-White merged with GMC to create a line of trucks called WhiteGMC. The WhiteGMC brand continued to be used up until 1996.
In the early 1900s Mary McLeod Bethune founded, in Daytona Beach, Florida, the Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls, a pre-collegiate school. While vacationing nearby, White learned about the financially struggling institution, and became, in Bethune's words, her "first friend". White provided financial assistance and also arranged for his employees to make a series of structural and infrastructure improvements. He later became a trustee, and upon his death bequeathed a $79,000 endowment. In 1915 Mrs. Bethune dedicated a large administrative building as White Hall in his honor. This school evolved into Bethune–Cookman College.
The Thomas H. White Foundation was founded as the Thomas H. White Charitable Trust in 1913. Following his death in 1914, White was buried at Lake View Cemetery.
# SkyTeam Cargo

SkyTeam Cargo is a global cargo alliance in which all members are also members of the SkyTeam airline alliance. SkyTeam Cargo is the largest cargo alliance in the world. It used to compete with the WOW Alliance that doesn't exist anymore.

## History

Following the founding of the airline alliance SkyTeam on 22 June 2000, the creation of its cargo division, SkyTeam Cargo, was announced in September that year. The alliance's inaugural members were Aeroméxico Cargo, Air France Cargo, Delta Air Logistics, and Korean Air Cargo, whose passenger airline operations are members of SkyTeam.
In 2001, Czech Airlines Cargo and Alitalia Cargo joined in April and August, respectively. Both divisions joined the cargo alliance within days of CSA Czech Airlines (25 March) and Alitalia (27 July) joining SkyTeam.
KLM Cargo joined SkyTeam Cargo in September 2004, four months after the merger of Air France and KLM, which subsequently created the Air France-KLM holding company. The following year, in September, Northwest Airlines Cargo joined the cargo alliance, a move which came one year after Northwest Airlines joined SkyTeam. However, on 14 April 2008, Northwest merged with Delta Air Lines, which led to the largest airline in the world. China Southern Airlines joined the cargo alliance by November 2010. By November 2013, Aerolíneas Argentinas, one of the leading South American carriers, joined the SkyTeam Cargo Alliance adding more than 30 Latin American destinations to the global network.

## Current members

As of October 2024, SkyTeam Cargo has 7 active member airlines; some do not operate dedicated cargo aircraft, they offer space in the baggage compartments of their passenger aircraft only.
| Member airline | Joined | Division airline |
| Aerolíneas Argentinas Cargo | 6 November 2013 | Aerolíneas Argentinas |
| Aeroméxico Cargo | September 2000 | Aeroméxico |
| Air France–KLM Cargo | September 2000 (Air France Cargo) September 2004 (KLM Cargo) | Air France-KLM |
| China Cargo Airlines | 5 June 2013 | China Eastern Airlines |
| Delta Cargo | September 2000 | Delta Air Lines |
| ITA Airways Cargo | 17 November 2021 | ITA Airways |
| Korean Air Cargo | September 2000 | Korean Air |
| Saudia Cargo | 15 April 2019 | Saudia |

## Suspended members

As of December 2023, following cargo airline suspended SkyTeam Cargo.
| Member airline | Joined | Suspended | Parent airline |
| Aeroflot Cargo | May 2011 | 27 April 2022 | Aeroflot |

## Former members

As of January 2024, the following cargo airlines that left SkyTeam Cargo.
| Member airline | Joined | Exited | Parent airline |
| Alitalia Cargo | August 2011 | October 2021 | Alitalia |
| China Airlines Cargo | 3 October 2012 | TBA | China Airlines |
| China Southern Airlines Cargo | October 2010 | January 2019 | China Southern Airlines |
| Czech Airlines Cargo | April 2011 | October 2024 | Czech Airlines |
| Northwest Airlines Cargo | September 2005 | December 2009 | Northwest Airlines |
# Tufs et calcaires de Rosan

The Tufs et calcaires de Rosan (Breton: Tufoù roz ha mein-kalz) is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Katian to Hirnantian (Kralodvorian to Kosovian in the regional stratigraphy) stages of the Late Ordovician period.

## Fossil content

The formation has provided fossils of:

### Strophomenata

* Hedstroemina sp.
* Iberomena sp.
* Leptaena sp.
* Leptestiina sp.

### Rhynchonellata

* Porambonites sp.
* Eoanastrophia sp.
* Rostricellula sp.
* ?Dalmanella sp.
* Bancroftina sp.
* Nicolella sp.
* Retrorsirostra sp.
* Ptychopleurella sp.
* Dolerorthis sp.
* Mcewanella sp.
* Aberia sp.
* ?Rhactorthis sp.
# Absolutely (Eurogliders album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Absolutely is the third studio album by Australian pop band Eurogliders, released on October 11, 1985 by CBS Records. It peaked at No. 7 on the Australian Kent Music Report albums chart and remained in the charts for 47 weeks; it spawned three Top 20 hit singles, "We Will Together" in April, "The City of Soul" in September and "Can't Wait to See You" in November. Two further singles, "Absolutely" and "So Tough" appeared in 1986.
At the height of the band's success, Eurogliders Grace Knight and Bernie Lynch reconciled their relationship and were married in 1985, although the union was short-lived. Despite their marital separation, they stayed together in the band for another four years.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bernie Lynch unless otherwise shown

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the Absolutely liner notes.
Eurogliders
* Crispin Akerman — guitar
* John Bennetts — drums, percussion, drum programming
* Ron François — bass synthesiser, bass guitar
* Grace Knight — vocals
* Bernie Lynch — vocals, guitar, keyboards, arranged horns
* Amanda Vincent — keyboards, arranged horns
Additional musicians
* Jason Brewer — saxophone (tenor) (except "We Will Together")
* Mark Dennison — flute, saxophone (tenor, baritone)
* Kevin Dubber — trumpet on "We Will Together"
* James Greening — trombone (except "We Will Together")
* Martin Hill — saxophone (tenor, alto) (except "We Will Together")
* Shauna Jensen — backing vocals
* Gary Kettel — percussion
* Maggie McKinley — backing vocals
* Greg Thorne — trumpet, flugelhorn, arranged horns
* Mark Williams — backing vocals on "We Will Together"

## Charts

| Chart (1985/86) | Peak position |
| Australia Kent Music Report Album Chart | 7 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# 2014 Telok Intan by-election

A by-election was held for the Dewan Rakyat parliamentary seat of Teluk Intan on 31 May 2014 following the nomination day on 19 May 2014. The seat was vacated after the death of the incumbent MP, Seah Leong Peng from bladder cancer in Kuala Lumpur on 1 May 2014. Seah was a lawmaker from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition. In the 2013 general election, he defeated Barisan Nasional(BN) candidate and Gerakan president Mah Siew Keong and an independent candidate by 7,313 votes.
The PR candidate in the by-election was DAP's Dyana Sofya Mohd Daud, notable for her status as a rare Malay politician in the DAP. On 17 May 2014, BN announced that it would again field Mah Siew Keong. 60,349 voters were eligible to vote in the by-election.

## Results

Mah Siew Keong won the election by a slim majority of 238 votes.
# Air Mikisew

Air Mikisew was a regional airline based in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. Its main base was the Fort McMurray Airport. Mikisew is the Cree word for eagle.

## History

The airline was established as Contact Airways in 1960 with a Class 4C operating license, based in Fort McMurray. It was sold in the 1960s and later became wholly owned by the Mikisew Cree First Nation in 1995. It had 63 employees as of at March 2007. It was awarded the Fort McMurray Business of the Year award in 2005. The airline was grounded in 2010, and permanently closed by 2011.

## Destinations

Air Mikisew provided scheduled flights between Fort Chipewyan, Fort McMurray, and Edmonton. It also provided aero-medical flights for the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo area and charter flights throughout western Canada.

## Fleet

In June 2010, the Air Mikisew fleet consisted of the following aircraft until its audit by Transport Canada:
* 2 - British Aerospace Jetstream 31 (one Executive and one Commuter configuration)
* 1 - Raytheon Beech 1900D
* 1 - Raytheon Beech B99
* 1 - Raytheon Beech King Air B200 Medevac
* 1 - Cessna 208 Caravan (Amphibious in the summer)
* 2 - Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftains
* 1 - Cessna 207
* 1 - Cessna 206
* 1 - Cessna 185 (on floats)
# 2015 Permatang Pauh by-election

A by-election was held for the Dewan Rakyat seat of Permatang Pauh on 7 May following the nomination day on 25 April 2015. The seat fell vacant after member of parliament Anwar Ibrahim was disqualified from holding his seat after being found guilty of sodomy in a highly controversial trial. Anwar Ibrahim was a member of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat and leader of the opposition alliance Pakatan Rakyat. In the 2013 general election, Anwar won the seat with a majority of 11,721 votes beating Mazlan Ismail of Barisan Nasional.
The Permatang Pauh by-election was contested by 4 candidates, consisting of former opposition leader, Anwar's wife Wan Azizah Wan Ismail from PKR, UMNO's Suhaimi Sabudin, PRM's Azman Shah Othman and independent candidate Salleh Isahak. There were reports saying that PRM has denied that Azman Shah Othman is a member of their party.

## Campaign

Several issues dominate the by-election campaign, with the recently introduced GST being the main issue.
An UMNO branch in Permatang Pauh dissolved during the campaign period, citing neglect by party leadership.

## Results

Wan Azizah retained the seat for PR with a majority of just below 9 thousand votes. Mirroring the trend shown in the Rompin by-election two days before, turnout dropped by more than 10% in Permatang Pauh. The lower turnout also means while PKR's majority is lower, their share of popular vote is practically unchanged.
# 2016 Kuala Kangsar by-election

A by-election was held for the Dewan Rakyat seat of P67 Kuala Kangsar, a parliamentary seat located in the state of Perak, Malaysia on 18 June 2016 following the nomination day on 5 June 2016. The seat fell vacant after death of member of parliament Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar Wan Ahmad, who died in a helicopter crash on May 5, 2016 while campaigning in the Sarawak state election. In the 2013 general election, Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar Wan Ahmad won the seat with a majority of 1,082 votes beating Khalil Idham Lim Abdullah of Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) and independent candidate Kamilia Ibrahim. This by-election was held concurrently with the Sungai Besar by-election for the same reason.
The Barisan Nasional candidate for Kuala Kangsar was United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) member Mastura Mohd Yazid who is the widow of the former MP Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar Wan Ahmad. The PAS candidate chosen was Najihatussalehah Ahmad. The opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan chose National Trust Party (AMANAH) vice chairman Ahmad Termizi Ramli as their candidate. Izat Bukhary Ismail Bukhary joined the race as an Independent on the nomination day.

## Results

Mastura Mohd Yazid managed to retain the seat for Barisan Nasional with a majority of 6,969 votes beating 3 other candidates.
# Eylon Almog

Eylon Haim Almog (or Eilon, Hebrew: אילון אלמוג; born (1999-01-08)8 January 1999) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a forward for Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Be'er Sheva.

## Early life

Almog was born and raised in Ness Ziona, Israel, to a Jewish family.

## Club career

Almog started his senior career with Israeli Premier League club Maccabi Tel Aviv. After that, he played for Israeli side Beitar Tel Aviv Bat Yam. In 2019, he signed for Hapoel Hadera in the Israeli Premier League, where he made nineteen appearances and scored four goals.

## Honours
### Club

* Israeli Premier League (1): 2019-20
* Toto Cup (1): 2020-21
* Israel Super Cup (2): 2019, 2020