OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Indiana State Road 241

State Road 241 in the U.S. state of Indiana is an 18-mile road that runs entirely within Knox County in the southwest corner of the state.

## Route description

State Road 241 begins at U.S. Route 41 near Decker. It runs north to the small town of Vollmer, then meanders to the northeast through Iona and Ridgeville until it reaches Monroe City, where it is concurrent with State Road 61 for about half a mile. It then continues northeast for another four miles to U.S. Route 50/150 just southeast of Wheatland.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Knox County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Decker | 0.000 | 0.000 | US 41 – Evansville, Princeton, Vincennes | Southern terminus of SR 241 |
| Monroe City | 13.712 | 22.067 | SR 61 north – Vincennes | Western end of SR 61 concurrency |
| Monroe City | 14.162 | 22.792 | SR 61 south – Petersburg | Eastern end of SR 61 concurrency |
| Wheatland | 18.495 | 29.765 | US 50 / US 150 – Vincennes, Washington | Northern terminus of SR 241 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus |||||
# Violeta Yakova

Violeta Yakova or Violeta Jakova (Bulgarian: Виолета Якова; June 2, 1923 – June 18, 1944) was a partisan and member of the Bulgarian Communist Party. Yakova, whose nom de guerre was "Ivanka", participated in the killings of several German and Bulgarian military officers operational, including the murder of the chief of the Bulgarian Police, Atanas Pantev and Lieutenant general Hristo Lukov. She was arrested by the police of the Bulgarian government, and was killed in a shootout with the police in June 1944.

## Biography

Violeta Yosifovna Yakova was born into a Sephardic-Jewish family in Dupnitsa; her father, Yosef Yakov, a small trader, died before she was born. The difficult economic situation in Bulgaria after World War I led many Jewish families to migrate from relatively small towns to larger population centers, and under these circumstances, her family moved to the capital Sofia. Violeta learned sewing and was employed as a tailor's apprentice. For many young Bulgarian Jews in the late 1930s and during World War II, the rise of fascism and antisemitism, combined with the Bulgarian regime alignment with the Axis powers, furthered a commitment to left and antifascist organizations. In 1939, she joined the youth organization of the Bulgarian Communist Party. In 1942, after Bulgaria joined the Axis and signed the Tripartite Pact, Yakova joined the underground resistance.

## Assassination of Hristo Lukov

Many young Bulgarian Jews participated in direct actions against the government in Sofia. Together, Yakova and Anjel Vagenstein burned the Sofia Leather Jackets Factory in 1942, which produced uniforms for the German forces. Also, together with Leon Kalaora and Dano Albahara, formed a fighting cell which assassinated well-known antisemites and Nazi informers. Out of these, Yakova was considered the most skilled fighter, who murdered Lieutenant General Hristo Lukov and the chief of the Bulgarian Police, Colonel Atanas Pantev. These crimes drew the attention of the Bulgarian government and at the beginning of March 1944, the Bulgarian police gathered intelligence information about the whereabouts of Yakova in her hometown of Radomir, and the police began a manhunt. Yakova was located in June and was killed in a shootout with the police.

## Memorial

Yakova's dedication to communism and the circumstances of her death made her one of the symbols of the resistance against the regime in Bulgaria, and one of the heroines of the Communist movement in socialist Bulgaria. In 1970, Vulo Radev produced a movie called Черните ангели (Black Angels), whose plot is about the assassination of Bulgarian military officers by young communist partisan fighters, in which Yakova and other communist women take a central role. The Communist Party of Bulgaria erected a monument in her memory in 1971.
# Heinrich Werlé

Heinrich Werlé (2 May 1887 – 26 May 1955) was a German choir director, organist and music critic.

## Life

Born in Bensheim, Werlé, son of a civil servant, was first a music teacher at a school in Leipzig, and from 1926 in the rank of a study council. From 1928 to 1945 he taught music at the Pädagogisches Institut of the Leipzig University.
In 1933 he joined the NSDAP and was registered with effect from 1 May 1933 under the membership number 2,989,562. He was also a member of the National Socialist Teachers League and the National Socialist German Lecturers League. Beside his teaching activity he took over the direction of the chamber choir of the NS-Rundfunkgruppe Gau Sachsen and the Abteilung choir- und Volksmusik in the NS-Rundfunkgruppe at the Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk. In his contribution Zur Lage der Volksmusik im Rundfunk in the Leipzig magazine Volk im Werden, he described the Weimar Republic as a "period of liberalism lying behind us", which "out of inertial bourgeois comfort even in the popular has mixed so much foreign, false and hypocritical things with each other and intermingled them with each other, that first of all must be cleared away. Only what is true to life and close to the people finds its way directly to the Germans [...] The prerequisites for another are not based on a new aesthetic, but rest in the moral strength of responsibility-conscious National Socialism."
From 1937 to 1943 Werlé was main editor of the magazine for folk music Gut Ton in Dresden.
After the Second World War he worked from 1946 as professor at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. In the same year he founded the MDR Rundfunkchor Leipzig, which he took over. In 1953 he obtained his doctorate at the University of Jena with a thesis on Musik im Leben des Kindes.
Among his students was church musician Johannes Petzold.
Werlé died in Leipzig at age 68.

## Work

* Methodik des Musikunterrichts auf der Grundstufe. Kistner & Siegel, Leipzig 1930.
* Volksmusik im Rundfunk. Hesse, Berlin 1932.
* Der Männerchor-Dirigent im Volkslied. Kistner & Siegel, Leipzig 1932.
* Franz Schubert. Der Mensch und sein Werk. Eher, Berlin 1941.
* Franz Schubert in seinen Briefen und Aufzeichnungen. S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1948.
* Musik im Leben des Kindes. Ehlermann, Dresden 1949.
# Barberpole illusion

The barberpole illusion is a visual illusion that reveals biases in the processing of visual motion in the human brain. This visual illusion occurs when a diagonally striped pole is rotated around its vertical axis (horizontally), it appears as though the stripes are moving in the direction of its vertical axis (downwards in the case of the animation to the right) rather than around it.

## History

In 1929, psychologist J.P. Guilford informally noted a paradox in the perceived motion of stripes on a rotating barber pole. The barber pole turns in place on its vertical axis, but the stripes appear to move upwards rather than turning with the pole. Guilford tentatively attributed the phenomenon to eye movements, but acknowledged the absence of data on the question.
In 1935, Hans Wallach published a comprehensive series of experiments related to this topic, but since the article was in German it was not immediately known to English-speaking researchers. An English summary of the research was published in 1976 and a complete English translation of the 1935 paper was published by Sophie Wuerger, Robert Shapley, and Nava Rubin in 1996. Wallach's analysis focused on the interaction between the terminal points of the diagonal lines and the implicit aperture created by the edges of the pole.

## Explanation

This illusion occurs because a bar or contour within a frame of reference provides ambiguous information about its "real" direction of movement. The actual motion of the line has many possibilities. The shape of the aperture thus tends to determine the perceived direction of motion for an otherwise identically moving contour. A vertically elongated aperture makes vertical motion dominant whereas a horizontally elongated aperture makes horizontal motion dominant. In the case of a circular or square aperture, the perceived direction of movement is usually orthogonal to the orientation of the stripes (diagonal, in this case). The perceived direction of movement relates to the termination of the line's end points within the inside border of the occluder. The vertical aperture, for instance, has longer edges at the vertical orientation, creating a larger number of terminators unambiguously moving vertically. This stronger motion signal forces us to perceive vertical motion. Functionally, this mechanism has evolved to ensure that we perceive a moving pattern as a rigid surface moving in one direction.
Individual motion-sensitive neurons in the visual system have only limited information, as they see only a small portion of the visual field (a situation referred to as the "aperture problem"). In the absence of additional information the visual system prefers the slowest possible motion: i.e., motion orthogonal to the moving line. The neurons which may correspond to perceiving barber-pole-like patterns have been identified in the visual cortex of ferrets.

## Auditory analogue

A similar effect occurs in the Shepard's tone, which is an auditory illusion.
# Casket

Casket or caskets may refer to:
* Coffin, a box used for the display and interment of corpses
* Casket (decorative box), a decorated container, usually larger than about 10 centimetres (4 inches) in width and length, but smaller than a chest
** Chasse (casket), a decorated container typically from medieval Europe having a shape that resembles a house
* Casket (solitaire), a card game
* Caskets (band), British rock band
# Oštra Stijena

Oštra Stijena is a village in the municipality of Prijepolje, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 123 people.
# 2005 Karachi local elections

2005 Karachi local government elections were the first Karachi local government elections to elect a mayor and a local council.

## Voting

In contrast to latest elections held in 2015, the mayors were elected in CDGK by direct voting of all elected counsellors. Each union council consisted of 13 members, which gave a total electorate of 2,314 members from 178 union councils.

## Result

The 2005 local government elections individual results are based on claims made by various parties; the official result has not remained as a part of the Election Commission of Pakistan's record.
The following party results are only based on estimate and is not a definite result.
Karachi Local Government Elections, 2005 :
| # | Parties | Panel Name | Seats claimed | Claim 1 | Claim 2 | Average | Percentage | Percentage |
| 1 | MQM-L | Haq Parast | 105 | 1,362 | 1,400 | 1,381 | 59.0% | |
| 2 | JI | Al-Khidmat | 38 | 299 | 500 | 400 | 16.4% | |
| 3 | PPP | Awam Dost | 25 | 202 | 400 | 301 | 12.4% | |
| 4 | ANP | Khidmatgar | 3 | 40 | 100 | 70 | 3% | |
| 5 | JUI(F) | Insan Dost | | 31 | 100 | 65 | 2.7% | |
| 6 | PMLN | Watan Nawaz | | 28 | 80 | 54 | 2.2% | |
| 7 | Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan | Al-Khadim | | 10 | 80 | 45 | 1.8% | |
| 8 | Sunni Tehreek | Insan Dost | | - | 25 | 12 | 0.5% | |
| 9 | PTI | Insaf Pakistan | | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | IND | | | 100 | 100 | 100 | 4.1% | |
| Estimated total | Estimated total | | 171 | 2,072 | 2,785 | 2,428 | | |
| Actual total | Actual total | | 178 | 2,314 | 2,314 | 5% error | | |
| Turn out | Turn out | | | 30% | 50% | 40% | | |
# Machines of Our Disgrace

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| ReGen Magazine | |
| Sputnikmusic | |
| Noizze | (favourable) |
| Soundscape Magazine | |
Machines of Our Disgrace is the fourth studio album by American industrial metal project Circle of Dust, released on December 9, 2016, through Klayton's own label, FiXT Music. The album is the first new material released under Circle of Dust since Disengage.

## Background and release

In late 2015, Klayton reclaimed the rights to the Circle of Dust moniker, along with all original masters and demos, he announced plans to release remastered versions of all three albums, along with Metamorphosis and Misguided, and finally, a new album. On February 16, 2016, Klayton released the first song from the new album, "Contagion", as a free download.
From March 4, 2016, all five remasters were released, eight weeks apart, with Circle of Dust, Brainchild and Disengage all including songs from the upcoming album, due to be released in December that year. On October 28, Klayton finally announced that the new album, Machines of Our Disgrace, would be released on December 9, 2016.

## Themes

The album serves as a critique of scientific and technological advancements, ranging from cyberpsychology ("Machines of Our Disgrace", "Contagion", "Hive Mind"), human enhancement ("alt_Human", "Neurachem") and social darwinism ("Humanarchy").

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Klayton

## Personnel
### Circle of Dust

* Klayton – vocals, synthesizers, guitar, bass guitar, percussion, songwriting, production, mixing, editing, mastering, programming

### Additional personnel

* Ninja Jo – artwork

## Charts

| Charts (2016) | Peak position |
| US Top Heatseekers (Billboard) | 20 |
| Charts (2018) | Peak position |
| US Top Heatseekers (Billboard) | 8 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 31 |
# 2015 Karachi local government elections

2015 Karachi local government elections were the second Karachi local government elections to elect a mayor and a local council.

## Voting

There were 209 union committees and 38 union councils in Karachi. Both union councils and union committees are similar in that they are territorial units and composition; the main difference between them is that the union committee represents an urban area whereas the union council represents the rural or suburban areas. Each union council has a union council chairman and one member of the district council. The chairman of each district is selected by the chairmen of union councils and union committees.

## Results

The following is the result of union committees in local government election held on 5 December 2015.
Karachi Local Government Election for Union committees, 2015 :
| # | Parties | KMC | Malir | East | West | Central | South | Korangi | Percentage | Percentage |
| 1 | MQM-L | 135 | 1 | 20 | 21 | 50 | 10 | 33 | 64.5% | |
| 2 | PPP | 24 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 10 | – | 11.5% | |
| 3 | PMLN | 19 | 4 | 1 | 9 | – | 4 | 1 | 9.2% | |
| 4 | PTI | 10 | – | 2 | 4 | – | 2 | 2 | 4.8% | |
| 5 | JI | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | – | 1 | – | 3.5% | |
| 6 | JUI(F) | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.5% | |
| 7 | ANP | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 0.5% | |
| 8 | IND | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 0.5% | |
| 9 | IND | 11 | 1 | 2 | 3 | – | 4 | 1 | 5.2% | |
| Total | Total | 209 | 13 | 31 | 46 | 51 | 31 | 37 | 100% | 100% |
| Polled votes | Polled votes | 2,517,265 | 2,517,265 | 2,517,265 | 2,517,265 | 2,517,265 | 2,517,265 | 2,517,265 | 36% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 6,972,454 | 6,972,454 | 6,972,454 | 6,972,454 | 6,972,454 | 6,972,454 | 6,972,454 | 100% | 100% |
There was a total of 99 seats reserved in four different categories for the union committees and all 308 members of the union committee select the mayor and deputy mayor of Karachi. The mayoral election was held on 24 August 2016. Waseem Akhtar was elected as the city's mayor by securing 196 out of 294 (305 total) votes in his favor. The Pakistan Peoples Party candidate secured second position with 98 votes.
The Pakistan Peoples Party won the majority of the seats in union councils. The following is the result of Karachi union councils in the local government election held on 5 December 2015.
Karachi Local Government Union council Election, 2015 :
| # | Parties | Total | Malir | West | Percentage | Percentage |
| 1 | MQM-L | 0 | – | – | 0% | |
| 2 | PPP | 19 | 16 | 3 | 50% | |
| 3 | PMLN | 1 | 1 | – | 2.63% | |
| 4 | PTI | 0 | – | – | 0% | |
| 5 | JI | 0 | – | – | 0% | |
| 6 | JUI(F) | 1 | 1 | – | 2.63% | |
| 7 | ANP | 0 | – | – | 0% | |
| 8 | IND | 1 | 1 | – | 2.63% | |
| 9 | IND | 16 | 13 | 3 | 42.1% | |
| Total | Total | 38 | 32 | 4 | 100% | 100% |
The election for the chairman of the District Council was held on 24 August 2016. In the district council elections, Abdullah Murad Baloch from the Pakistan Peoples Party received 35 votes out of 56 (57 total) and was elected as the District Council chairman.
# Bi Xiugu

Bi Xiugu (Chinese: 畢秀姑) also known as Xiao Baicai and Bi Jinlian (1855-1930) was the main figure of a cause célèbre in 1870s China known as Yang Naiwu and Xiao Baicai.
Bi Xiugu was a beauty married to a bean seller in Yuhang in Zhejiang. When her husband died in 1873, she was reported for murder by her mother-in-law. She and her lover the academician Yang Niawu was sentenced as guilty for murder. Her lover contested the verdict on claims of corruption with support of the local aristocracy, and the case became a famous scandal. In 1877, the case was finally solved when it was revealed that governor Liu Xitong had forced witnesses to commit perjury by use of torture, and the accused were freed. Bi Xiugu became a Buddhist nun after her release.
The case became a symbol of the corruption of Qing dynasty China.
# Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

The Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) is an agency that reports to the Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights within the United States Department of State. Under the umbrella of its general mission of developing policies and programs to combat international narcotics and crime, INL plays an important role in the training of partner nation security forces.
INL works to keep Americans safe by countering crime, illegal drugs, and instability abroad. The bureau's programs have 4 main objectives; 1) disrupt and reduce illicit drug markets and transnational crime, 2) combat corruption and illicit financing to strengthen democratic institutions and advance rule of law, 3) strengthen criminal justice systems to support stable, rights respecting partners, and 4) leverage learning, data, and resources to advance the mission. Counternarcotics and anticrime programs also complement counterterrorism efforts, both directly and indirectly, by promoting modernization of and supporting operations by foreign criminal justice systems and law enforcement agencies charged with the counter-terrorism mission.
The bureau manages the Department of State's Narcotics Rewards Program and Transnational Organized Crime Rewards Program in close coordination with the Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and other interested U.S. agencies.
INL is not a law enforcement organization but it specializes in managing large law enforcement training programs, e.g. in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Iraq.
The Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Office of Aviation (INL/A), is the aviation service provider in support of counter-narcotics, law enforcement, and overseas missions operations. The Bureau has more than 200 fixed wing and rotary wing aircraf (including OV-10, AT-802 and C-27 planes and Hueys, Blackhawk and K-Max helicopters) involved in INL counter-narcotics aviation programs in Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guatemala, Pakistan, Costa Rica, and Afghanistan. About half of the aircraft are operating from Colombia and the rest are in Bolivia, Peru, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Actual operations and support were provided by DynCorp International, until 2017 when AAR Government Services took over the WASS (Worldwide Aviation Support Services) contract. INL operations focused on dismantling fentanyl supply chains in Mexico were shut down in February 2025 due to budget cuts by the Trump administration.
# Mike Brown (motorcyclist)

Mike Brown (born May 1, 1972) is an American former professional motocross racer and Endurocross racer. He was the 2001 AMA 125cc motocross national champion.

## Motorcycle racing career

Brown won his first professional race in 1994. In 1999, he finished third in the F.I.M. 125cc world championship. He followed that performance with another third place in the 2000 125cc world championship.
Brown competed in the United States in 2001 and won the AMA 125cc national championship riding for Kawasaki. In 2006, Brown finished 29th in the AMA MX Lites class and 15th in the MX class, racing for Suzuki. In 2007, he returned to Europe to compete in the MX1-GP championship, finishing in seventh place.
After his motocross career, Brown began competing in Endurocross events. He won the inaugural 2009 World Off Road Championship Series (WORCS), becoming the first AMA rider since Mike Kiedrowski to win an AMA National Motocross Championship and a World Off-Road Championship Series title. In 2011 he competed at the Moto X event at X Games XVII and won the silver medal. The following year, he won the Enduro X gold medal at the X Games XVIII. Brown won another silver medal in EnduroX in the 2013 X Games Los Angeles and a gold medal in the 2015 X Games Austin.
Brown is a playable character in the 2004 motocross video game MTX: Mototrax. As well as in the 2001 Motocross video game Mx Rider.
# William Johnston (priest)

William Johnston (born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, 1925 — died in Tokyo, Japan, 2010) was a Jesuit priest and a Zen meditation advocate. His family was a supporter of Irish Republican Army and suffered terror under the Irish Civil War. He studied in Liverpool University and at the National University of Ireland, then joined the Jesuit Order and in 1951 moved to postwar Japan.
Johnston held a doctorate in mystical theology from the Sophia University, Tokyo, and had also carried out specific studies on Buddhism. Been heavily influenced by Jesuit priest Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle, he participated actively in the dialogue between Zen Buddhism and Christianity. He practiced Zen under the guidance of Yamada Koun Roshi, and insisted on continuing to recite the Jesus Prayer despite Yamada's contrary instructions. This stopped the master-disciple link.
Johnston's reflections on his background in Northern Ireland, his transition to Japan and the practice of Zen, are about how the relationship of Catholicism and Zazen meditation can transform Ireland, Japan, Zen Buddhism, and Christian mysticism. Toward the end of his life, influenced by the Japanese experience of bombing of civilian populations and his understanding of the Buddha and Christ's teachings, he embraced the active promotion of nonviolence.
# Westralunio

Westralunio is a genus of freshwater mussels in the family Hyriidae.
There are 4 species:
* Westralunio albertisi Clench, 1957
* Westralunio carteri Iredale, 1934 – Carter's freshwater mussel
* Westralunio flyensis (Tapparone-Canefri, 1883)
* Westralunio inbisi Klunzinger, Whisson, Zieritz, J. A. Benson, B. A. Stewart & Kirkendale, 2022