OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rijram Desad

Rijram Desad, often credited as Rij Ram Desad, was an Indian classical musician, multi-instrumentalist and teacher, based in Bombay. Beginning in the early 1940s, he performed on many Indian film soundtracks and in ballet presentations. He was known for his versatility as a musician and his ability to master a wide range of percussion and string instruments. According to cultural historian Naseem Khan, his skill on the jal tarang had become "legendary" by the mid 1970s.
Desad worked with the Hindi cinema playback singer Lata Mangeshkar and played santoor on recordings by the Hindustani ghazal, dadra and thumri vocalist Begum Akhtar. Among his contributions to orchestral projects, he played hand drums in an ensemble led by Ravi Shankar and filmed in Bombay in 1968 for the Shankar documentary Raga (1971). In January 1968, he was among the musicians selected by Shambhu Das, who ran Shankar's Kinnara School of Music in Bombay, to appear on the Wonderwall Music soundtrack album by George Harrison of the Beatles. Desad's contributions to the album included Indian harmonium and tabla tarang. As a result of this project, Desad played harmonium on the Beatles song "The Inner Light", which Harrison recorded during the same sessions. In his notes detailing the contributions of the musicians he worked with in Bombay, Harrison listed him as "Rij-Ram (Everything) Desad".
In 1974, Desad was one of the musicians and singers handpicked by Shankar for his Music Festival from India revue. Sponsored by Harrison, the eighteen-piece orchestra toured Europe, playing a musical program that mixed Indian classical and a wide variety of regional folk styles. Among the percussion instruments played by Desad, he performed on pakavaj beside fellow drummers Alla Rakha (tabla), T.V. Gopalkrishnan (mridangam) and Kamalesh Maitra (tabla tarang). Harrison also produced a studio album by the Music Festival from India; released in 1976, it included contributions from Desad on pakavaj, madal tarang, dholki, nagada, huduk and duff. Following the Music Festival's European tour, he played on Harrison and Shankar's joint North American tour in November and December 1974. For the finale to the Indian portion of these concerts, Desad and the rest of Shankar's ensemble performed with Harrison's band, which also included jazz percussionist Emil Richards and rock drummers Jim Keltner and Andy Newmark.
Desad's versatility led to him redesigning old folk musical instruments for use in a more modern and varied musical context. Later a teacher, Desad was a mentor to tablist Lalit Mahant, whom he trained in tabla and the tantra vadhya vocal style.
# Fir Creek (Bull Run River tributary)

Fir Creek is a tributary, about 5 miles (8 km) long, of the Bull Run River in the U.S. state of Oregon. Part of the system that provides drinking water to the city of Portland, it flows generally northwest through a protected part of the Mount Hood National Forest in Clackamas and Multnomah counties. It joins the Bull Run River at the upper end of Bull Run Reservoir 1, about 14 miles (23 km) from the larger stream's confluence with the Sandy River.

## Course

The creek arises in the Mount Hood National Forest in northern Clackamas County near its border with Multnomah County. The stream flows north, crossing the border almost immediately and entering Multnomah County. Turning west, it receives an unnamed tributary from the right before turning gradually northwest. It passes under Forest Road 1211 and by a United States Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauge 0.6 miles (1 km) from the mouth. The creek joins the main stem Bull Run River near the upper end of Bull Run Reservoir 1, about 14 miles (23 km) from where the river joins the Sandy River.

### Discharge

Since 1975 the USGS has monitored the flow of Fir Creek at a stream gauge 0.6 miles (1 km) from the mouth. The average flow between then and 2009 was 34.5 cubic feet per second (0.98 m$^3$/s). This is from a drainage area of about 6 square miles (16 km$^2$). The maximum flow recorded during this period was 1,690 cubic feet per second (48 m$^3$/s) on November 25, 1999. The minimum was 1.4 cubic feet per second (0.04 m$^3$/s) on September 5–7, 2003.

## Watershed

The Bull Run River watershed, which includes Fir Creek, drains 139 square miles (360 km$^2$). The basin, which is the main source of Portland's drinking water, is largely restricted to uses related to water collection, storage, treatment, and forest management. The Fir Creek basin of about 6 square miles (16 km$^2$) amounts to about 4 percent of the total Bull Run River watershed, which is managed by the Portland Water Bureau and the United States Forest Service.
# CHGO-FM

CHGO-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at 104.3 FM in Val-d'Or, Quebec. Owned and operated by Arsenal Media, the station airs an active rock format branded as Capitale Rock. It also shares much of its programming with CJGO-FM in La Sarre, although the two stations each produce their own separate morning programs.
The radio station originally began as CKVD 900, an AM station that was part of the Abitibi AM network since 1939 with CHAD Amos (now defunct) and CKRN Rouyn-Noranda (now CHOA-FM), until it was converted to FM in 1999. CHGO also had a rebroadcaster in:
* Rouyn-Noranda, CJGO-FM-1 95.7
* La Sarre, CJGO-FM at 102.1. On August 6, 2010, the CRTC granted that repeater to switch to CJGO.
# Emilio Ycaza

Emilio Ycaza (born 10 July 1997) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for USL Championship side Charleston Battery.

## Career
### Reno 1868

Prior to the 2020 season, Ycaza signed with USL Championship club Reno 1868. He made his league debut for the club on 20 July 2020, starting in a 1–0 away defeat to the Sacramento Republic. Reno folded their team on November 6, 2020, due to the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

### Austin Bold

On March 10, 2021, Ycaza signed with USL Championship side Austin Bold.

### Rio Grande Valley

On September 3, 2021, Ycaza transferred to USL Championship side Rio Grande Valley.

### Charleston Battery

On December 8, 2022, it was announced that Ycaza would join USL Championship side Charleston Battery from the 2023 season on a multi-year deal. Quickly developing into a fan-favorite, Ycaza was a spark at midfield and tallied four goals and three assists across 24 matches in the regular season and playoffs. Ycaza additionally tallied 28 chances created, 32 interceptions, 26 tackles won and 113 duels won during his first year with the Battery
Ycaza turned in memorable postseason performances when he scored in consecutive games, the Conference Quarterfinal and Semifinal, as part of the Battery's run to the 2023 USL Championship Final.

## Honors

Charleston Battery
* Eastern Conference Champion (Playoffs): 2023
# Markanda Mahadev, Chamorshi

Markanda Mahadev Temple Complex is situated at the banks of the Wainganga River near Chamorshi town in the Gadchiroli District of Maharashtra. This 8th Century Temple Complex is called Mini Khajuraho. The nearest village is Marakand Deo.

## Legend

This temple complex is dedicated to Lord Shiva. However, the Markanda name is derived from the Markandeya rishi of Haryana who was an ardent devotee of Shiva. He went into penance for years on the banks of Markanda river and finally tried to offer his head to Shiva when Shiva appeared and stopped him. He blessed him with a temple in his name.

## Complex

This temple complex is spread over 40 acres of land and many temples are in a dilapidated condition. The construction is attributed to the Rashtrakuta dynasty which there from the 8th to the 12th century.
There are many intricate idols (murtis) on the outer walls of this temple complex.

## Transport

Markanda Mahadev can be reached while going from Chandrapur to Chamorshi, after the town Mul, before Chamorshi. Chandrapur to Markanda Mahadev is 67km. Nagpur to Markanda Mahadev temple complex is about 190km. Bussing is available at Chandrapur. The nearest railway station is Chandrapur, which is well connected to Nagpur, Hyderabad, Delhi, Chennai and Visakhapatnam. Near this temple a barrage is under construction named Chichdoh Barrage. It is near Sawali, Chandrapur.
# Kim Seung-hyun (footballer)

Kim Seung-Hyun (Korean: 김승현; born 18 August 1979) is a South Korea retired football player, having previously played for Gwangju Sangmu, Busan I'Park, and the Chunnam Dragons.
He was arrested on the charge connected with the match fixing allegations on 7 July 2011. But He was found not guilty in the supreme court.

## Club career

Kim spent the initial stages of his professional career at the Chunnam Dragons, before having to transfer to Gwangju Sangmu while fulfilling his military obligations. Completing his stint at Gwangju in 2005, Kim returned to the Dragons for two more seasons. For the 2008 K-League season, Kim moved to Busan for the year and then returned to the Dragons for a further two seasons. For 2011, Kim has transferred to Daegu FC.
In 2011, he was permanently banned from football for his involvement in the K-League match-fixing case, but was acquitted by the Supreme Court in July of that year, and his reputation was later restored by the K-League Board of Directors in September 2012.

## International career

Kim has made a single appearance for the U-23s, during the qualification stages for the 2000 Olympic games in Australia.
# The Liberty

The Liberty, formally named The Liberty Shopping Centre, is a covered shopping centre in Romford, London, England, the largest such centre in the town. It was originally built in 1968 and underwent a four-year redevelopment completed in 2003. The centre takes its name from the former Liberty of Havering and is owned by the Cosgrave Property Group. It is also the largest indoor shopping centre in the borough of Havering overall and covers 432,000 square feet (40,100 m$^2$) of retail space, around 100 shops.
The Liberty has an annual footfall of 23 million, equating to 425,000 people per week. It is linked to The Mercury Mall (formerly known as Liberty 2) by an underpass.

## History

The Liberty Shopping Centre was first opened in 1968 in a joint deal between Hammerson and Standard Life Investments. In 1999 Hammerson acquired Standards Life's 50% interest for £53 million and in 2000 acquired the freehold on the land. In September 2006, Irish property developers, The Cosgrave Property Group acquired the centre from Hammerson for £281 million.
The centre underwent an extensive redevelopment which was completed in 2003 at a cost of £52 million. Previously, the main part of the centre was open-air, with several covered arcades running off from it linking it to other parts of the town centre. The changes undertaken in the 2000s included the covering of the main part of the centre with a glazed roof, and the development of a new car parking facility, plus new large stores for Next and H&M. Several existing stores were remodelled or relocated, or received other modernisations, as part of the redesign, including Boots, BHS and W H Smith.
Once the planning application had been granted for the transformation of the centre, work started in August 2001. In April 2003, the centre achieved practical completion.
# ELAM 5 Combate Ceja del Negro

ELAM 5 Combate Ceja del Negro is a Cuban polyclinic and Medical Science facility located in the municipality of Sandino, Pinar del Río Province.
The school is one of several faculties of its kind falling under the jurisdiction of the Cuban-Venezuelan initiative, as well as a new program to train more Latin-American doctors.
ELAM 5 presently has approximately 390 students from Guyana, most of whom were received between November 22 and 23 in 2006. In September of 2008, another group of approximately 100 Guyanese students who did their premed studies at ELAM 10 Rafael Ferro Macias arrived.
The facility is known for having one of the highest grade point averages in Sandino.

## Campus

This campus is located on the outskirts of the town of Sandino, surrounded by an orange orchard.
The school consists of three buildings, the first of which contains classrooms and administrative sectors. The largest building contains dormitories, a laundromat, a theater, a laboratory, and a polyclinic. The smallest building houses the mess hall and food storage facilities.
The campus is designed to accommodate around 450 students. Recreational features of the campus include a plaza, volleyball courts. basketball courts, and a soccer field.

## Curriculum

The ELAM project is aimed at creating medical professionals. This new program differs from the conventional teaching of medical sciences as separated subjects, but instead aims to apply an integrated approach to medicine, offering subjects like Human Morphology and Physiology. All subjects are taught in Spanish and have weekly content orientations and evaluations, followed by an end of course examination. Students who do not meet the required grade after the final examinations are required to take another examination two weeks later. The medical program lasts 6 years with a final year internship, with the new school year beginning every September and ending around July or August.

## Culture

The curriculum at ELAM 5 aims to promote Cuban culture by incorporating local customs and culture into the students' daily routines. This includes the use of particular local phrases, and a dancing casino (dance endemic to Cuba).
# Ding-a-Ling (Stefflon Don and Skepta song)

"Ding-a-Ling" is a song performed by British rappers Stefflon Don and Skepta. It was released as the second single from Stefflon Don's extended play Hurtin' Me – The EP on 16 November 2017 through Polydor Records. The song peaked at number 64 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Background

Talking to NME about the collaboration with Skepta, Stefflon Don said, "We actually didn’t go in the studio together, but I know Skepta and we talk, we’re friends. He’s cool, very humble. It’s very much a banger, but I’ll let you decide."
The song contains a sample from The Simpsons episode Lisa's Pony, which in turn interpolates Chuck Berry's My Ding-a-Ling.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Ding-a-Ling" was first released onto YouTube on 16 February 2018.

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 64 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 33 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 16 November 2017 | Digital downloadstreaming | Polydor Records |
# Mirror image rule

In the law of contracts, the mirror image rule, also referred to as an unequivocal and absolute acceptance requirement, states that an offer must be accepted exactly with no modifications. The offeror is the master of his own offer. An attempt to accept the offer on different terms instead creates a counter-offer, and this constitutes a rejection of the original offer.

## England

The English common law established the concepts of consensus ad idem, offer, acceptance and counter-offer. The leading case on counter-offer is Hyde v Wrench [1840]. The phrase "Mirror-Image Rule" is rarely (if at all) used by English lawyers; but the concept remains valid, as in Gibson v Manchester City Council [1979], and Butler Machine Tool v Excello.

## Australia

This position is adhered to in Australia (New South Wales). If a person were to accept an offer, but make a modification, then they are actually rejecting the offer presented to them and are proposing a counter-offer: Masters v Cameron (1954) 91 CLR 353. That modifying party is then the one making a new offer, and the original offeror is now the one who has to accept.

## United States

In the United States, this rule still exists at common law. However, the Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") dispenses with it in § 2-207 (but it can also be argued that § 2-207(1) enforces the mirror image rule). Therefore, its applicability depends upon what law governs. Most states have adopted the UCC, which governs transactions in goods. Contracts for services or land, for example, would not be governed by the UCC. The second Restatement of Contracts also provides that when parties have not agreed to an essential term, "a term which is reasonable in the circumstances is supplied by the court." However, it may not be possible for a reasonable term to be supplied by the court.
# Rachid Aït-Atmane

Rachid Aït-Atmane (Arabic: رشيد آيت عثمان; Tamazight: ⵔⴰⵙⵀⵉⴷ ⴰⵉⵜ ⴰⵜⵎⴰⵏⴻ; born 4 February 1993), known in Spain simply as Rachid (Tamazight: ⵔⴰⵙⵀⵉⴷ) is a professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Saham Club. Born in France, he represented Algeria at youth level.

## Club career

Born in Bobigny from parents of Béjaïa, Kabylia, Aït-Atmane finished his formation with RC Lens' youth setup, and made his senior debuts with the reserves in the 2010–11 campaign, in the Championnat de France amateur. In June 2013 he moved abroad for the first time in his career, signing a two-year deal with Spanish side Sporting de Gijón and being assigned to the B-team of the Segunda División B.
Aït-Atmane played his first match as a professional on 23 August 2014, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2–1 away success against CD Numancia in the Segunda División. On 10 July of the following year he renewed his contract until 2019, being definitely promoted to the main squad.
Aït-Atmane made his La Liga debut on 23 August 2015, coming on as a late substitute for Carlos Carmona in a 0–0 home draw against Real Madrid. In January 2017, he was loaned to CD Tenerife until the end of the 2016–17 season.
In January 2018, Aït-Atmane was loaned to Belgian side Waasland-Beveren. Upon returning, he terminated his contract on 31 August.
In November 2018, he signed a contract with Romanian club Dinamo București. He left the club in June 2019.
In January 2023, he joined JS Kabylie.

## International career

In November 2015, Aït-Atmane was called up to the Algerian under-23 national team for the first time for a friendly against Tunisia in preparation for the 2015 CAF U-23 Championship.

## Honours

CS Sfaxien
* Tunisian Super Cup runner-up: 2018–19
# Angela Menardi

Angela Menardi (born (1964-01-04)4 January 1964 in Pieve di Cadore) is an Italian wheelchair curler and paralympic cross-country skier.
As a wheelchair curler she participated in the 2010 Winter Paralympics where Italian team finished on fifth place.
As a cross-country skier she participated in the 1992 Winter Paralympics at women's cross-country short distance 2.5 km LW10-11 and long distance 5 km LW10-11; she finished on seventh place both times.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2009–10 | Andrea Tabanelli | Egidio Marchese | Gabriele Dallapiccola | Angela Menardi | Emanuele Spelorzi | Mauro Maino | WPG 2010 (5th) |
| 2010–11 | Egidio Marchese | Gabriele Dallapiccola | Angela Menardi | Emanuele Spelorzi | Andrea Tabanelli | | WWhCQ 2010 |
| 2011–12 | Andrea Tabanelli | Egidio Marchese | Emanuele Spelorzi | Angela Menardi | Rosanna Menazzi | Giulo Regli | WWhCQ 2011 WWhCC 2012 (10th) |
| 2014–15 | Egidio Marchese (fourth) | Emanuele Spelorzi (skip) | Sergio Deflorian | Angela Menardi | Rita Dal Monte | Roberto Maino | WWhCQ 2014 (5th) |
| 2018–19 | Egidio Marchese (fourth) | Paolo Ioriatti (skip) | Matteo Ronzani | Angela Menardi | Orietta Berto | Sören Gran, Marco Mariani, Gianandrea Gallinatto | WWhBCC 2018 (7th) |
| 2019–20 | Egidio Marchese (fourth) | Paolo Ioriatti (skip) | Gabriele Dallapiccola | Angela Menardi | Orietta Berto | Violetta Caldart, Amanda Bianchi | WWhBCC 2019 (5th) |
| 2023–24 | Egidio Marchese | Fabrizio Bich | Matteo Ronzani | Angela Menardi | Orietta Berto | Roberto Maino | WWhCC 2024 (8th) |
| 2024–25 | Egidio Marchese | Fabrizio Bich | Matteo Ronzani | Angela Menardi | Emanuele Spelorzi | Roberto Maino | WWhCC 2025 (10th) |
# Afidentula bisquadripunctata

Afidentula bisquadripunctata, is a species of lady beetle found in India, Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka and Nepal.

## Description

Body length is about 4.00 to 4.10 mm. Body round-oval, and convex. Body surfaces distinctly setose with yellowish hairs. Head, mouthparts, pronotum, scutellum, legs, prosternum and mesoventrite are orange to light brown in color. Metaventrite is light brown, brownish or blackish. Elytra orange to light brown with four black spots arranged as 1–2–1. Antenna consists with 8 antennomeres. Legs are moderately long.
Host plants are Apluda mutica and Arthraxon hispidulus.
# Niobrarateuthis

Niobrarateuthis is an extinct genus of large cephalopod from the Cretaceous. It is closely related to the Cretaceous Tusoteuthis and the Jurassic Muensterella.
# Khalid ibn al-Walid Brigade

The Khalid ibn al-Walid Brigade (Arabic: لواء خالد بن الوليد), originally called the Khalid ibn al-Walid Battalion (Arabic: كتيبة خالد بن الوليد), was a Syrian rebel group affiliated with the Free Syrian Army which was active during the Syrian Civil War. The group was one of the first FSA-affiliated rebel groups to be formed in Syria. It operated in the Homs Governorate and participated in the Siege of Homs from 2011 to 2014, when it became defunct.

## Ideology

The group was named after Khalid ibn al-Walid, an early Islamic figure. Most fighters from the group were religious and conservative Sunni Muslims who used religious rhetoric and Sunni Islamic discourse.

## History

The Khalid ibn al-Walid Battalion was formed as part of the Free Officers Movement by "several hundred" defected soldiers and officers from the Syrian Armed Forces in the city of al-Rastan, north of Homs in July 2011. One of its main early commanders was Abdul Rahman Sheikh Ali, a major who defected from the Syrian Army in August 2011. It initially conducted insurgent attacks against Syrian government security forces in Homs and its surrounding areas, which killed a number of policemen and soldiers in the Syrian Army. The Khalid ibn al-Walid Battalion was the main rebel group which fought in the Battle of Rastan from September to October 2011. During the battle, Major Abdul Rahman Sheikh Ali was killed in action.
In late January 2012, the group, along with several other FSA factions, stormed the city of Rastan and took full control of it by 5 February. Rastan was then besieged by the Syrian Army and many rebels withdrew from the city by 5 March 2012.
The brigade became one of the groups in the Syrian Revolutionaries Front between December 2013 and mid-2014. In July 2014, during the al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict, the commander of the Khalid ibn al-Walid Brigade, Hassan Ashtar, announced that his group would leave the SRF to become an independent faction, and it will not fight "Islamist brigades" such as al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front. Despite this, clashes erupted between the two groups and Hassan Ashtar was beheaded by the al-Nusra Front in Rastan on 20 December 2014. Several other FSA commanders were also captured by al-Nusra, and Nusra took full control of Rastan.

## War crimes

Rebels from the group reportedly kidnapped and threatened to kill more than 100 Alawite civilians in August 2011. They also shot and killed a 15-year-old child of an alleged spy for the Syrian government in September 2011.
In December 2012, a child soldier in the group beheaded two prisoners of war. The group claims to have executed 80 other POWs.