OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Castel

Robert Castel (1 August 1933 – 12 March 2013) was a French sociologist and researcher at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales.

## Academic career

Castel was born in Saint-Pierre-Quilbignon, now part of Brest. He initially studied philosophy in the late 1950s. In the late 1960s, he met Pierre Bourdieu and began working with him in sociology. His initial work dealt with psychology and psychiatry, establishing a critical sociology of these issues and linking this work to Michel Foucault, particularly to his 'genealogical approach'. He further dealt with exclusion, or rather what he called the 'disaffiliation', which affects individuals 'by default'.
His later and perhaps best known work examined how the wage system, which at first was despised, has gradually established itself as the reference model and has been progressively associated with social protections, and the concept of social property, creating a constitutive status of 'social identity'. Castel was responsible for the formation of Le Groupe d'analyse du social et de la sociabilité (GRASS), a specialised group of sociologists within the CNRS.

## Books

* Le Psychanalysme, 1973
* L'Ordre psychiatrique, 1977 (Translated into English in 1988: The Regulation of Madness: The Origins of Incarceration in France)
* La Société psychiatrique avancée, 1979
* La Gestion des risques, Minuit, 1981
* Les Métamorphoses de la question sociale, une chronique du salariat, Fayard, 1995. (Translated into English in 2002: From Manual Workers to Wage Laborers: Transformation of the Social Question)
* Propriété privée, propriété sociale, propriété de soi (avec Claudine Haroche), 2001.
* L'Insécurité sociale : qu'est-ce qu'être protégé?, Éd. du Seuil, 2003.
* La discrimination négative, 2007
* La montée des incertitudes : Travail, protections, statut de l'individu, Ed. du Seuil, 2009
# List of youth organisations in Singapore

This lists youth organisations in Singapore:

## Community

* NYAA Gold Award Holders' Alumni
* nEbO
* Junior Chamber of Singapore
* National Youth Council of Singapore, The
* *SCAPE Co. Ltd,
* People's Association Youth Movement
* People's Association T-Net Club, The
* Generation ACTS Club, The
* Legion of Mary, The
* Metropolitan YMCA,

## Nature

* Students Against Violation of the Earth (SAVE)
* Youth Environmental Network

## Health and Wellness

* Youth Advolution for Health (YAH)
* SHY - Sexual Health and Wellness for Youths

## Outdoors

* People's Association Adventure Pursuits
* Raleigh Society
* Singapore Adventurers' Club
* Singapore Youth Flying Club
* Sunny Island Tree Climbers

## Uniformed groups

* National Cadet Corps
* National Civil Defence Cadet Corps
* National Police Cadet Corps
* Red Cross Youth, Singapore Red Cross Archived 9 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine
* Saint John Ambulance Brigade, Singapore
* Girl Guides Singapore
* The Boys' Brigade in Singapore
* Girls' Brigade Singapore
* The Singapore Scout Association

## Volunteer organisations

* AIESEC Singapore Archived 8 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine
* Heartware Network
* SGRainbow
* Young Out Here Archived 4 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine

## Musical Groups

* Singapore National Youth Orchestra
* Singapore Youth Wind Symphony
* Singapore Symphony Youth Choir
* Singapore Symphony Children's Choir
# Mainstream hardcore

Mainstream hardcore, mainstyle or nu style gabber is a subgenre of hardcore techno. The essence of mainstream hardcore sound is a distorted bass drum sound, overdriven to the point where it becomes clipped into a distorted square wave and makes a recognizably melodic tone.
Often the Roland Alpha Juno or the kick from a Roland TR-909 was used to create this sound. Mainstream hardcore tracks typically include samples and synthesized melodies with the typical tempo ranging from 165 to 180 bpm. Violence, drugs and profanity are common themes in mainstream hardcore, perceptible through its samples and lyrics, often screamed, pitch shifted, or distorted.

## History

The mainstream hardcore sound derives from early hardcore (still called gabber at the time). In the late 1990s, early hardcore became less popular than Hardstyle. After surviving underground for a number of years, in 2002 Gabber regained some popularity in the Netherlands, although the sound is more mature, darker, and industrial. Some producers started embracing a slower style characterized by a deeper, harder bass drum that typically had a longer envelope than was possible in the traditional, faster style. In this aspect, this new form of gabber obviously cannot be considered less powerful than its precursor. This newer sound was referred to as "New Style" or "Mainstream" and as the tempo got slower and slower it began to become similar to Chicago hard house. Many hardcore enthusiasts hated Chicago hard house and the club scene it typified, and frequently DJs would be booed by one group of fans and cheered for by another at the same party, depending on the tempo and style of music they were playing. This is similar to the rivalry and mutual dislike that surfaced earlier between fans of "regular" hardcore and happy hardcore. Eventually the two styles met in the middle, and most gabber today is produced in a range of 160-180 bpm. This style is typically a bit slower than the Rotterdam style of the mid-1990s.

## Style

Mainstream hardcore is characterized by its bass drum sound. Essentially, it comes from taking a normal synthesized bass drum and over-driving it heavily. The approximately sinusoidal sample starts to clip into a square wave with a falling pitch. This results in a number of effects: the frequency spectrum spreads out, thus achieving a louder, more aggressive sound. It also changes the amplitude envelope of the sound by increasing the sustain. Due to the distortion, the drum also develops a melodic tone. It is not uncommon for the bass drum pattern to change pitch throughout the song to follow the bass line. Many tracks rely on a clean, detuned supersaw lead, similar to uplifting trance and can therefore sound "happy".

## Notable record labels

* Enzyme Records
* ID&T
* Masters of Hardcore
* Rotterdam Records
# 1955 Furman Purple Hurricane football team

The 1955 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1955 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Homer Hobbs, the Purple Hurricane compiled an overall record of 1–9 with a mark of 1–1 in conference play, tying for sixth place in the SoCon.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 15 | | Newberry* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | L 0–14 | 12,000 |
| September 24 | | at No. 14 Army* | Michie StadiumWest Point, NY | L 0–81 | 17,000 |
| October 1 | 8:00 p.m. | at Wofford* | Snyder FieldSpartanburg, SC (rivalry) | L 6–27 | 4,500 |
| October 8 | | at South Carolina* | Carolina StadiumColumbia, SC | L 0–19 | 15,000 |
| October 15 | | at The Citadel | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC (rivalry) | L 19–25 | |
| October 22 | | at No. 9 Auburn* | Cliff Hare StadiumAuburn, AL | L 0–52 | |
| October 29 | | NC State* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | L 7–33 | |
| November 11 | | Florida State* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | L 6–19 | 3,000 |
| November 19 | 2:00 p.m. | Davidson | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | W 13–9 | 3,000 |
| November 26 | | Clemson* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | L 20–40 | |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Hilda Katz

Hilda Katz (1909–1997) was an American painter, printer, and author who went by the pen name Hulda Weber. She was born in the Bronx, NY. She was a scholar at the New School of Social Research in NYC (1940-1941). Her work is included in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the University Art Museum at University at Albany, the National Gallery of Art, and the Brooklyn Museum.
Hilda Katz went to Italy in the 1970s. She participated in an exhibit Contemporary Figure Artists 20th century, in Italy. This exhibit contained works of Picasso, Miro, Dali, Morandi and others.
Hilda Katz was also an author, publishing her poems in various poetry magazines. Her poetry may be found in the Library of Congress, in the Lina and Max Katz Memorial Collection at the Library of Congress.
# Lionel Bringuier

Lionel Bringuier (born 24 September 1986), Nice, is a French conductor, cellist and pianist.

## Biography

Bringuier is the fourth child in a family of musicians, including his brother Nicolas Bringuier, a pianist. At age 5, Bringuier began musical studies at the Nice conservatory, where he won several first prizes. At age 13, in February 2000, he was admitted to the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris, where he continued his studies in cello and in conducting. His teachers there included Philippe Muller. At the Conservatoire de Paris, he then began conducting studies, where his teachers included Zsolt Nagy. Bringuier graduated cum laude from the Conservatoire de Paris with diplomas in cello studies and conducting in June 2004. Bringuier has performed in a cello-piano duo with his brother Nicolas.
In 2005, Bringuier became assistant conductor with the Ensemble orchestral de Paris. That same year, he won the 49th International Besançon Competition for Young Conductors. In 2007, Bringuier became associate conductor of the Orchestre National de Bretagne. In the US, Bringuier took up the post of assistant conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 2007, appointed by Esa-Pekka Salonen. During the subsequent music directorship of Gustavo Dudamel, Bringuier was promoted to associate conductor, and later, to resident conductor (the first person to hold this title in the orchestra's history). He stood down from this post after the 2012–2013 season.
From 2009 to 2012, Bringuier was Music Director of the Orquesta Sinfónica de Castilla y León (Valladolid, Spain). Bringuier first guest-conducted the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich in November 2011, and returned in June 2012. In October 2012, the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich named Bringuier as its next chief conductor and music director, as of the 2014–2015 season, with an initial contract of 4 years. Bringuier concluded his tenure with the Tonhalle Orchestra at the end of the 2017–2018 season.
In 2019, Bringuier became an associated artist (Artiste associé) with the Orchestre philharmonique de Nice. In December 2023, the orchestra and the mayor of Nice announced the appointment of Bringuier as the orchestra's next principal conductor, effective with the 2023–2024 season, with immediate effect, with an initial contract for the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 seasons.
In 2021, Bringuier first guest-conducted the Orchestre Philharmonique Royal de Liège (OPRL). He returned to the OPRL for two subsequent guest-conducting engagements. In January 2024, the OPRL announced the appointment of Bringuier as its next music director, effective with the 2025–2026 season, with an initial contract of 4 years.
Bringuier has made commercial recordings of the music of Vincent D'Indy with the Orchestre de Bretagne for the Timpani Records label, and of Camille Saint-Saëns with the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France for the Erato label.
# Los Banos Municipal Airport

Los Banos Municipal Airport (IATA: LSN, ICAO: KLSN, FAA LID: LSN) is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile (1.6 km) west of the central business district of Los Banos, a city in Merced County, California, United States.

## Facilities and aircraft

Los Banos Municipal Airport covers an area of 101 acres (41 ha) which contains one asphalt paved runway (14/32) measuring 3,801 x 75 ft (1,159 x 23 m).
For the 12-month period ending June 15, 2011, the airport had 16,000 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 44 per day. At that time there were 14 aircraft based at this airport: 79% single engine, and 7% helicopter, multi-engine, and jet aircraft respectively.

## Hazardous materials issues

Historically a release of hazardous materials to the environment has occurred at the airport. Groundwater in the site vicinity is perched in a high water table, with depth to groundwater being only seven to ten feet below the surface. Therefore, any release of contaminants to the soil poses a risk to aquifer contamination. The chief hazardous substances of concern at the airport are derived from prior pesticides and herbicides used by crop dusting aircraft; these operations ceased in 1989. At the present time, no such flights are authorized from the airport; in fact, the only hazardous materials presently used and stored at the airport are those associated with the underground gasoline fuel storage tanks. Surface runoff and groundwater flow is generally to the northeast toward the San Joaquin River.
Rinse water from maintenance operations flows into a storm drainage system and pesticide chemicals, which have previously contaminated soil and groundwater on the site, may have been introduced to the environment via this route. Contaminants include S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), dicapthon, and bromophosethyl. These contaminants have been found in wells owned by the Los Banos Community Water District within three miles (5 km) of the airport.
# 1979 Texas Southern Tigers football team

The 1979 Texas Southern Tigers football team represented Texas Southern University as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1979 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by first-year head coach Jim Sorey, the Tigers compiled an overall record of 3–8, with a mark of 1–5 in conference play, and finished sixth in the SWAC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 8 | Bethune–Cookman* | Robertson StadiumHouston, TX | W 12–9 |
| September 15 | at Southern | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | L 0–21 |
| September 22 | vs. Tennessee State* | Liberty Bowl Memorial StadiumMemphis, TN | L 3–21 |
| September 29 | vs. Texas A&I* | Alamo StadiumSan Antonio, TX | L 7–31 |
| October 6 | Alcorn State | Rice StadiumHouston, TX | L 7–9 |
| October 13 | at Bishop* | Forester FieldDallas, TX | L 3–6 |
| October 20 | at Mississippi Valley State | Magnolia StadiumItta Bena, MS | L 6–28 |
| October 27 | No. 4 Grambling State | AstrodomeHouston, TX | L 3–32 |
| November 3 | vs. No. 2 Jackson State | Cardinal StadiumBeaumont, TX | L 7–34 |
| November 10 | Langston* | Rice StadiumHouston, TX | W 27–20 |
| November 17 | Prairie View A&M | AstrodomeHouston, TX (rivalry) | W 43–8 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from Associated Press Poll released prior to the game |||||
# BookExpo America

BookExpo America (commonly referred to within the book publishing industry as BEA) was an annual book trade fair in the United States. BEA was almost always held in a major city over four days in late May and/or early June. Nearly all significant book publishers in the United States, and many from abroad, had booths and exhibits at BEA, and used the fair as an opportunity to showcase upcoming titles, sell current books, socialize with colleagues from other publishing houses, and sell and buy subsidiary rights and international rights. Authors, librarians, and buyers for book retailers also attended the event.
In later years, it was accompanied by the spin-off event BookCon, a literature fan convention oriented towards the general public.

## History

The event was founded as the American Booksellers Association Convention and Trade Show in 1947 and continued under this name until 1994, when Reed Exhibitions purchased a 49% share of the event. The following year, 1995, Reed took 100% control and renamed the convention BookExpo America.
From its beginning until 1970, it was held in Washington, D.C. Starting in 1971, it rotated through different cities (1971 Boston, 1972 Washington, 1973 Los Angeles, 1974 Washington, 1975 New York, and so on). In the 1990s and early 2000s, BEA was often held in Chicago. BEA was held in Washington, D.C. in 2006, in New York City in 2007, and in Los Angeles in 2008. BEA was held at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York City from 2009 through 2015. BEA returned to Chicago in 2016.
The 2015 book fair featured Chinese publishers for the first time.
For a time, DigiCon from the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) ran concurrently with BEA. However, the IDPF was absorbed into the W3C in 2017; no further DigiCon events have been announced, though the W3C holds other conferences on digital publishing.
The 2020 edition was initially delayed from May 2020 to July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but was later canceled. In December 2020, Reed Exhibitions announced that BookExpo America and sister events BookCon and Unbound would be "retired" indefinitely in order to "explore new ways to meet the community's needs through a fusion of in-person and virtual events."
# 1993 Eastern Michigan Eagles football team

The 1993 Eastern Michigan Eagles football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their first season under head coach Ron Cooper, the Eagles compiled a 4–7 record (3–5 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for seventh place in the Mid-American Conference, and were outscored by their opponents, 220 to 163. The team's statistical leaders included Michael Armour with 1,208 passing yards, Melvin Green with 488 rushing yards, and Anthony Cicchelli with 616 receiving yards.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 4 | at West Virginia* | Mountaineer FieldMorgantown, WV | L 6–48 | 50,483 |
| September 9 | Temple* | Rynearson StadiumYpsilanti, MI | L 28–31 | |
| September 18 | Western Illinois* | Rynearson StadiumYpsilanti, MI | W 16–14 | 14,247 |
| October 2 | at Miami (OH) | Yager StadiumOxford, OH | W 15–7 | |
| October 9 | Kent State | Rynearson StadiumYpsilanti, MI | W 20–15 | |
| October 16 | at Central Michigan | Kelly/Shorts StadiumMount Pleasant, MI (rivalry) | W 28–21 | |
| October 23 | Western Michigan | Rynearson StadiumYpsilanti, MI | L 20–21 | |
| October 30 | Ball State | Rynearson StadiumYpsilanti, MI | L 13–18 | |
| November 6 | at Akron | Rubber BowlAkron, OH | L 7–19 | |
| November 13 | Ohio | Rynearson StadiumYpsilanti, MI | L 10–12 | |
| November 19 | at Toledo | Glass BowlToledo, OH | L 0–14 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# Hereditary Peerage Association

The Hereditary Peerage Association is a British representative body for hereditary peers in the United Kingdom formed in 2002 in the wake of the House of Lords Act 1999.

## Aims

It aims to provide a representative voice for hereditary peers thus attempting to clarify the rights of the remaining peers, and to protect the remaining rights and dignities of the hereditary peerage of the United Kingdom, and those peers whose titles derived from the former Peerages of Great Britain, and of Ireland, and to provide a forum for communication and debate of matters of common concern for members of the peerage. It seeks to maintain a common bond between hereditary peers through its active social events, and to protect and promote the heritage which they collectively represent in a "somewhat unlikely trade union."
In November 2003, the Hereditary Peerage Association responded to the white paper Constitutional Reform: next steps for the House of Lords, expressing opposition to the proposed removal of the then 92 remaining hereditary peers. On 13 March 2007 Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun suggested that the Hereditary Peerage Association could give advice on candidate selection in Peers' elections.

## Membership

Membership is open to all hereditary peers, with associate membership open to their heirs.
The Joint Chairmen are Viscount Torrington and Lord Newall, the committee being composed of Lord Newall as well as Lord Kilmaine, Lord St. Oswald, the Earl of Erroll, Viscount Trenchard and Lord Glanusk.

## Events

The HPA is active through an array of social events, including a monthly luncheon. On 28 February 2006 Windsor Herald William Hunt spoke on the subject of the Roll of the Peerage before an HPA luncheon.
# Exeed Yaoguang

The Exeed Yaoguang (Chinese: 星途瑶光; pinyin: Xīngtú Yáoguāng) or RX for export markets is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by Exeed, a subsidiary of the Chery brand.

## Overview

The design of the Yaoguang was first previewed by the Exeed Stellar Concept (Yaoguang, 瑶光 Concept in Chinese) unveiled during 2021 Auto Shanghai. A version of the design closer to production was the unveiled in May 2022 as the Exeed AtlantiX Concept. The final production car was launched in February 2023.
The Yaoguang is based on the M3X platform developed by Chery with Magna International shared with the slightly smaller Exeed TX from 2017.
The interior of the Exeed Yaoguang is equipped with a 24.6-inch curved dual screen formed with two 12.3-inch screens powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip and head-up display. Other features include a panoramic sunroof and 14 Sony speakers for the sound system. The backrest of the rear seat can be adjusted electrically by 7 degrees, while the driver seat supports ventilation with heating and has an electrically adjustable footrest and a built-in headrest audio system. The co-pilot seat is also electrically adjustable offering a footrest and supports 5 modes of back massage. In terms of driving assistance systems, the Exeed Yaoguang offers level 2.5 driving assistance system that supports 21 basic and 11 advanced driving assistance functions.
* Rear view
* Exeed RX (Russia)
* Yaoguang C-DM AWD

### Powertrain

The Exeed Yaoguang is powered by a 2.0-litre TGDI turbo engine that produces 261 hp and 400 Nm, mated to a 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox. The Yaoguang comes in two-wheel and four-wheel drive models, with a WLTC fuel consumption of 7.6L/100 km for urban driving and 8.1L/100 km for highways with the drag coefficient being as low as 0.326Cd. The 0 to 100 km/h acceleration time is 8.6 seconds. Seven driving modes would be available and a PHEV version will also be launched later. The AWD veriosn is equipped with a 3-motor hybrid system, with a 1.5 liter turbo engine producing a maximum output of 105kW plus the 340 kW from the electric motors, resulting in a combined 445kW output. The CLTC pure electric range is 182km with the gearbox being a 3-speed DHT. 0-100km/h acceleration is 4.9 seconds.

## Markets
### South Africa

The Yaoguang was launched in South Africa on 11 October 2024 as the Omoda C9. It is available in two trim levels: Inspire (2WD) and Explore (4WD), it is powered by a 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine (400T), and comes with an Aisin 8-speed automatic transmission.

### Malaysia

The Yaoguang was previewed in Malaysia in September 2024 and later launched on 6 December 2024 as the Omoda C9. It is available in two variants and it is powered by a 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine.

## Sales

| Year | China |
| 2024 | 43,936 |