OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Manchester Law Library

The former Manchester Law Library at 14 Kennedy Street in Manchester, England, is a Grade II* listed building in the Venetian Gothic style. The building is notable as having housed the oldest provincial law library in England. Its architect, Thomas Hartas, is little known, and the former law library appears to be his only major building. In 2015 the Manchester Incorporated Law Library Society sold the premises, and moved to new offices on Booth Street.

## History and description

Designed by Thomas Hartas, the library was built by William Holt between 1884 and 1885 to provide a meeting place, and reading room, for the Manchester Law Society. The building has a fine Venetian Gothic façade, "three bays, each divided into three again with richly traceried and strongly moulded frames to the openings". Internally, a lending library is located on the ground floor, "now with twentieth century furnishings. On the first floor, a reading room "with most of the (slightly rearranged) attractive, original fittings." These include the central oak table, three fireplaces, and tall bookcases, some set at right angles to the walls to maximise the available storage space. The "stained glass is a noteworthy feature (including) three roundels containing the images of bewigged judges". Offices are above this. "The building is noteworthy by virtue of having been built for the purposes of a law library and, London and the old universities aside, it is believed to have performed this function for a period longer than any other provincial law library".
Hartas (1854–1886) is a little-known, and sparsely-documented, architect. He was born in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire and trained as a surveyor. He had moved to Manchester by 1876, and died ten years later in Barmouth, North Wales. With the exception of the law library, his output appears confined to villas in Nottinghamshire and the North West, mainly undertaken for friends or relations. He has no entry in the RIBA Directory of British Architects 1834–1914 an exhaustive survey of practising architects of the Victorian era. The library, Hartas' only major building, is Grade II* listed.
In 2015 the building was put up for sale. The law library relocated to new premises on Booth Street where it remains a private library open only to subscribing members of the legal profession.
# The Four Year Plan

The Four Year Plan is a documentary film directed by Mat Hodgson about London based football club Queens Park Rangers.

## Synopsis

The film chronicles the take over of the nearly bankrupt club in 2007 by a consortium of billionaires and their effort to promote the team to the Premier League by 2011. The consortium consisted of Bernie Ecclestone, Flavio Briatore and Alejandro Agag, steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal and Amit Bhatia. It is an observational documentary that follows the club from within the boardroom. The cameras for this documentary were brought in by the new owners to create the film, and although the club gave permission for the cameras to be there, they had no say on where or when the cameras would be filming. The title derives from a statement made by Briatore in 2007 where he declared his 'target to be Premier League in four years'.

## Release

The Four Year Plan premiered on 16 November 2011 at the IDFA Festival in the Netherlands, after which it premiered on the BBC in 2012.

## Reception

The Guardian's Michael Hann reviewed the film favorably, calling it "a rare chance to witness the sparks that fly when business, football and machismo meet".

### Awards

* Best Documentary at the Marbella Film Festival (2011, won)
# Ignatius Pilate

Ignatius Pilate was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1591 until his death in 1597.

## Biography

Pilate was from the village of al-Manṣūriyyah near Mardin and was educated at the Mor Hananyo Monastery. He was appointed as Maphrian of the East in 1575 or 1576 and assumed the name Basil. Whilst at the Mar Behnam Monastery, Pilate wrote a letter in 1579/1580 to Pope Gregory XIII in which he expressed his interest in establishing union with Rome. In 1591, Pilate became patriarch of Antioch and assumed the name Ignatius. He ordained his brother ʿAbd al-Ghani as a deputy metropolitan and then maphrian. However, from 1591 Pilate was opposed by Hidayat Allah, with the support of his uncle Timothy Tuma (d. 1592), until they were reconciled by John Wanki in 1593. He died in 1597 at Aleppo, where he was buried.

## Works

In 1560, Pilate transcribed a Beth Gazo whilst he was still a monk. He also produced a copy of The Book of Rays (Syriac: Kthobo d-Zalge) by Bar Hebraeus, dated 1590 (Oxford MS 521).
# Maire MacDonagh

Maire MacDonagh (20 March 1918 – 3 June 1997) was an Irish trade union official, who served as general secretary of the Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland for 25 years.

## Early life and education

Maire MacDonagh was born in Kilconnell, County Galway on 20 March 1918. She was the second of three surviving daughters of Michael MacDonagh, customs official, and Caroline (née Keary). She attended primary school locally, before going to Taylor's Hill Convent, Galway, and Sion Hill Convent, Blackrock, Dublin. In 1936 she entered University College Galway (UCG), graduating in 1939 with a first class BA in French and Irish and a B.Comm. In 1941 she received a first class MA in Old Irish and a higher diploma in education, again from UCG. She worked for a time for an insurance company in Dublin, and then taught at Sion Hill Convent, Blackrock for a few years. She then worked as private secretary to the managing director Cahill's, a Dublin printing firm, J. J. O'Leary.

## Career

MacDonagh joined the staff of the Irish Trades Union Congress (ICTU) in 1953, working with union leaders such as Donal Nevin, Shirley Lowe, and Ruaidhri Roberts. She was Nevin's secretary while he was the general secretary of the congress. From 1956 to 1958 she was secretary to the unity committee, serving as rapporteur during the talks which saw the establishment of the unified trades union congress in 1958. She was unanimously chosen out of 91 candidates who applied for the job of general secretary of the Association of Secondary School Teachers in Ireland (ASTI), taking up the position in June 1959. The Ryan Tribunal recommended a standardised salary that would be paid by the state for all teachers in 1969. The ASTI opposed this as secondary school teachers had a slightly higher salary scale than primary or vocational teachers. The members also voted to become affiliated with ICTU. It was under MacDonagh's leadership that a strike was called in February 1969. The strike would close 570 schools, affecting around 135,000 students and almost 5,000 teachers. After three weeks the dispute was called off, with the matter ultimately settled in 1971. In 1973 she was elected to the executive committee of the International Federation of Secondary School Teachers (FIPESCO).
From 1972 the ASTI reorganised, seeing MacDonagh take on a more prominent role in direct negotiations and on ASTI representative deputations. The membership of the union rose, from 1,000 members in 1958, which had risen to 10,500 by March 1983. MacDonagh retired after 25 years as general secretary of ASTI on 31 March 1983. The celebration to mark the occasion, a gala dinner, was attended by many high-profile representatives from across teaching organisations as well as former teacher and education minister John Wilson, the minister for education Gemma Hussey, and former teacher, minister for education, and European commissioner Richard Burke. She was awarded an honorary fellowship by the Educational Institute of Scotland in 1982.
She died after a short illness on 3 June 1997, at the home of her sister in Letterkenny, County Donegal.
# German Cricket Federation

The German Cricket Federation (German: Deutscher Cricket Bund e.V.) is the national governing body for cricket in Germany. It is commonly known as the DCB. Its current headquarters is in Buxtehude, Germany. The association is responsible for men's, women's and junior cricket across Germany and oversees six regional cricket associations across the country.
The DCB was created in 1988 in a document signed by eight German cricket clubs. In 1991, the DCB became an Affiliate member of the International Cricket Council. In 1999 it graduated to the level of an Associate, after recommendation by Namibia and Pakistan. It is also a member of the ICC Europe (earlier the European Cricket Council). By May 2021, almost 150 clubs were playing cricket in Germany.

## History

Germany's first separate cricket body, the Deutscher Cricket Bund (DCB), representing teams from Berlin, Nuremberg, Furth, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Mannheim and Hamburg was formed in 1912. The original federation did not last and it was 76 years later that the modern DCB was formed.
Today, there are over 100 cricket clubs across Germany, with nearly 3000 players registered in total. The DCB has a budget of about €220,000 ($241,000) per year, most of which comes from the ICC. With an influx of new cricketers migrating to Germany from Asia, especially Afghan refugees, and an increase in junior players learning the game inside in Germany, the number of cricketers registered with the DCB is expected to continue to rise.
# Bab the Fixer

Bab the Fixer is a 1917 American silent comedy-drama film produced by E. D. Horkheimer and distributed by Mutual Film. Sherwood MacDonald directed and Jackie Saunders (wife of producer Horkheimer), who co-wrote the screenplay, stars. The film is lost.
This film is not related to the series of 'Babs' films starring Marguerite Clark released by Paramount later that year.

## Plot

Bab Porter is a young girl who moves west with her family after her stockbroker father John Porter loses their money through bad stock investments. After 10 years of living on the Ranch, Bab has all the characteristics of a cowgirl. Bab falls in love with Richard Sterling, a former clerk and self-made man. Bab’s mother does not approve of the match and wishes her daughter to marry up in social status. After the Porter family discovers oil on their ranch, Bab’s mother sends her to finishing school back east to assist her in landing a suitable husband.
When Bab returns from school, she learns her mother and father have separated. Bab then works as a “fixer” for her parents’ marriage. The movie ends with her own wedding to Richard, the man she loved all along.

## Cast

* Jackie Saunders as Bab
* Leslie T. Peacocke as John Porter
* Mollie McConnell as Adelaide Porter
* Ruth Lackaye as Mrs. Drexel
* R. Henry Grey as LeRoy Scott
* Arthur Shirley as Richard Sterling

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, Bab the Fixer was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. The Chicago Board of Censors ordered cut a scene showing a girl at a table thumbing her nose.
# Jones Publishing

Jones Publishing, is a publishing and media company located in Iola, Wisconsin, United States. The company produces a number of publications dealing with collectibles, including Teddy Bear & Friends, which is dedicated to the collection and hobby of teddy bears and soft sculpture collecting; and Dolls. They also publish craft magazines including Doll Crafter & Costuming, Crafts Report, and Fired Arts & Crafts.
On August 31, 2017, JP Media LLC purchased Jones Publishing, Inc. in a planned transfer of the company from Joe and Maggie Jones to Diana Jones, their daughter-in-law.
# Browning family murders

The Browning family murders were the quadruple homicide of a family in Maryland in 2008, committed by Nicholas Waggoner Browning (born February 9, 1992), the family's eldest son, who is currently serving two life sentences for murdering his family—his parents, John and Tamara Browning, and his two younger brothers, Gregory, 13, and Benjamin, 11—in February 2008, when he was 15 years old.
The murders were the subject of a documentary on Killer Kids titled "Spoiled Rotten and Bad Dream".

## Background

Browning was born in Maryland on February 9, 1992. His father, John W. Browning, was an attorney, and his mother, Tamara, was a homemaker. He had two younger brothers, Benjamin and Gregory, and was an honor student and Boy Scout who attended Dulaney High School in nearby Timonium, where he played varsity golf and lacrosse.

## Murders and confession

On the evening of Friday, February 1, 2008, a week before his 16th birthday, Browning was spending the night at a friend's house and left in the middle of the night to return home. Browning went into his house after other family members were in bed and shot each of them using a gun belonging to his father. He confessed to the killings of his family on the following Sunday and was charged with four counts of first-degree murder. He was denied bail at a hearing later that day.

## Guilty plea and imprisonment

Although Nicholas alleged he had suffered abuse from his father, prosecutors argued that he murdered his parents "because he didn't want anyone telling him what to do" and his brothers so that he would not be required to share his inheritance. His family, including his grandfather, submitted pleas for clemency on his behalf alleging he was mentally and physically abused. Under a plea agreement reached with prosecutors, Browning pleaded guilty in January 2009 to four counts of first-degree murder and was sentenced to four life terms in prison with two life terms to be served consecutively. Browning may become eligible for parole in 2031 after serving 23 years of his sentence with good behavior. He is currently incarcerated at Western Correctional Institution in Cumberland, Maryland, and was denied a sentence reduction in 2014.
# Gau East Prussia

Gau East Prussia (German: Ostpreußen) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany encompassing the province of East Prussia in the Free State of Prussia from 1933 to 1945. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area, having been established at a conference in Königsberg on 6 December 1925. In 1939, Gau East Prussia expanded following the annexation of the Klaipėda Region from Lithuania and the occupation of Poland, while a sliver of territory from the gau was transferred to Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. After Germany's attack on the USSR, the Belarusian city of Hrodna (German: Garten) also became part of the Gau.
After the war, the territory of the former Gau became part of the Russian SFSR exclave of Kaliningrad in the Soviet Union, major sections were given to Poland, and the area of the Klaipėda Region was returned to the Lithuanian SSR and Hrodna - to the Belarusian SSR within the Soviet Union.

## History

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onward, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.
At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War, with little interference from above. Local Gauleiters often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, the Volkssturm and the defense of the Gau.
The position of Gauleiter in East Prussia was held by Wilhelm Stich from 1925 to 1926, Bruno Gustav Scherwitz from 1926 to 1927, Hans Albert Hohnfeldt (acting) from 1927 to 1928 and Erich Koch from 1 October 1928 to the end of the Nazi regime.
# Woman's Club of Palo Alto

Woman's Club of Palo Alto (founded 1894, and active to present day) is a civic, cultural, philanthropic and social club, initially founded on June 20, 1894 by 24 women in Palo Alto, California. The building that currently houses the club is historical and built in 1916 in a Tudor-Craftsman style, and is located at 475 Homer Avenue in Palo Alto. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

## Club history

The Woman's Club of Palo Alto was initially founded on June 20, 1894 by 24 women who gathered at a Presbyterian Church in Palo Alto, California. The first president was Mary Grafton Campbell, a doctor. Early members of the club included Anna Zschokke, a figure in the establishment of the Palo Alto Unified School District; Lydia Mitchell, who co-founded the Palo Alto Red Cross; and Julia Gilbert, a figure in the establishment of the Palo Alto libraries.
In 1898, the club formed a circulating library and donated over 2,000 books, which four years later led to the first public library in Palo Alto. In 1911, the club worked for California women's suffrage movement. From 1916 until 1929, the club members were involved in local and national issues concerning World War I, universal suffrage, and women in politics.
The club has hosted many speaking events including suffragist Hester Ann Harland, lectures by Stanford University professors, among others. In 2018, many female engineers and university students met at the club to discuss cryptocurrencies and the club served as a safe space for women in technology to meet.

## Architectural history

Club members raised money to buy a lot on Homer Avenue, and it took a decade to raise the remaining money for the building construction. The total cost of the new club building was $10,590.
Charles Edward Hodges (1864–1944) was the architect of the building. The style of the building is a Tudor Craftsman design. The exterior features are Craftsman with a porte-cochere doorway, heavy beams, stucco finish with a painted wood wainscoting band of lap siding at the base of the structure. The Tudor design elements include the one and a half story gable, a half timbered frame and a steeply pitched roof. The interior features a Ballroom with maple flooring and fir board and batten siding on three of the walls, and a stage with an Olio drop front curtain. There is a separate Fireside Room with salt glazed tiles from 1910 made by the Steiger Terracotta and Pottery Company of South San Francisco.
# Maskanah

Maskanah (Arabic: مَسْكَنَة), also spelled Meskene, is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Manbij District of the Aleppo Governorate. The town is located 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Aleppo on the Lake Assad part of the Euphrates. Nearby localities include Dayr Hafir, Humaymah Kabirah and Tell Ayoub to the northwest and al-Thawrah to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maskanah had a population of 15,477 in the 2004 census. The Syrian government took control of Maskanah on 3 June 2017 from the Islamic State. The SDF took control of the town on 1 December 2024.

## History

The Bronze Age city of Emar lies a few kilometres north of the present town. The earliest mention of Maskanah comes through Stephanus of Byzantium where it is mentioned in the context of Septimius Severus's campaigns against the Parthian Empire.
After the Muslim conquest of Syria, the town was overshadowed by the nearby Balis. The region was under the lordship of the rulers of Aleppo until the 12th century when the Atabegs of Mosul started asserting more control. The area was devastated by the Mongol invasions in the 13th and 14th centuries. In 1210, during Ayyubid rule, the al-Adil Minaret was constructed. The brick structure was built in the simple, Persian architectural style. It was restored during Hafez al-Assad's rule (1970-2000) and is one last historic architectural remains in the town.
During Ottoman times, the area was mostly inhabited by nomadic Bedouin tribes. In 1838 Maskanah was classified as a ruined village ("khirba") by Biblical scholar Eli Smith. The cultivable lands of the Aleppo Vilayet, including Maskanah, were confiscated in 1876 by Sultan Abdulhamid II as his own personal property. The lands were later integrated back into the state as public property. In 1915 the town was visited by orientalist Alois Musil who mentions the town having barracks, a large khan, and the residence of the head of the telegraph service. A year later, Maskanah became a major deportation route during the Armenian genocide where an estimated 80,000 Armenians died.
Under the French mandate, the town was the center of a qadaa, and served as a center for milk production and cattle merchants. In 1945 the village had 430 inhabitants.
On 3 June 2017, the city was captured by the Syrian Armed Forces from ISIL.

## Tribes

The pre-Islamic Hadidin tribe is attested in the region of Maskanah through a tomb of Shaykh Hadid, a venerated ancestor of the tribe. After the Muslim conquest, the area was continuously inhabited by the Anizzah and Banu Bakr tribes. The 17th and 18th centuries saw another wave of migration to the area by the Anizzah. Nowadays, the region is mostly composed of the Anizzah and Shammar tribes.

## Geography

The town lies on the left bank of the Euphrates in an area where the river bends eastwards due to a Pleistocene terrace. The town's distance to the river has varied over the years due to changes in the river's bed. Maskanah lies on the border between the Syrian Desert to the south, and the northern fertile Manbij Plain.
# Ali Turap Bülbül

Ali Turap Bülbül (born 25 January 2005) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for TFF 1. Lig club Ümraniyespor.

## Club career
### Galatasaray

Born in Düzce, Bülbül joined the academy of Galatasaray in 2016. Having progressed through the youth ranks, he was taken on the team's pre-season tour of Austria in 2022, featuring in a number of friendlies.

#### Ümraniyespor (loan)

On September 13, 2024, it was announced that he was loaned to Ümraniyespor until the end of the 2024–25 season.

## International career

Bülbül has represented Turkey at youth international level.