OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brinckman baronets

The Broadhead, later Brinckman Baronetcy, of Burton or Monk Bretton in the County of York, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 30 September 1831 for Theodore Broadhead, Member of Parliament for Yarmouth. In 1842 he resumed by Royal Licence the old family surname of Brinckman in lieu of his patronymic. Brinckman was the son of Theodore Broadhead, who also represented Yarmouth in the House of Commons, son of Theodore Broadhead, High Sheriff of Surrey in 1786, who assumed the surname of Broadhead in lieu of Brinckman by Act of Parliament. The latter's grandfather Theodore, Baron Brinckman, had emigrated to Britain from Hanover. The first Baronet was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baronet. He sat as Liberal Member of Parliament for Canterbury. His grandson, the fourth Baronet died childless in 1954 and was succeeded by his younger brother, the fifth Baronet. The latter was a colonel in the Grenadier Guards, Aide-de-Camp to the Governor of Victoria and to the Governor General of Canada and Chief of Staff to the British Military Mission in Moscow during the Second World War.

## Brinckman baronets, of Burton or Monk Bretton (1831)

* Sir Theodore Henry Lavington Brinckman, 1st Baronet (1798–1880)
* Sir Theodore Henry Brinckman, 2nd Baronet (1830–1905)
* Sir Theodore Francis Brinckman, CB, 3rd Baronet (1862–1937)
* Sir Theodore Ernest Warren Brinckman, 4th Baronet (1898–1954)
* Sir Roderick Napoleon Brinckman, DSO, MC, 5th Baronet (1902–1985)
* Sir (Theodore George) Roderick Brinckman, 6th Baronet (1932–2020)
* Sir Theodore Jonathan Brinckman, 7th baronet (1960–2022)
* Sir Roderick Nicholas Brinckman, 8th baronet (born 1964). The Official Roll considers as of 2025 that the title is vacant.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Brinckman baronets :
* CrestA Pair of Wings each quarterly Argent and Azure.
* EscutcheonQuarterly: 1st & 4th, Argent, three Hills Azure (Brinckman); 2nd & 3rd, Ermine, two Eagles displayed in chief Gules, and a Lion rampant in base proper, collared and chained Or (Broadhead).
* MottoPERSEVERANDO (By persevering)
# List of governments of Laos

The list of governments of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, commonly abbreviated to Lao Government, is the main executive institution of government. It is led by the Prime Minister, the country's head of government. The Prime Minister is nominated by the President at a plenary session of the National Assembly, the country's legislature. The term of a government follows that of the elected legislature.

## Governments

| Government | Prime Minister | Took office | Left office | Elections | Legislature |
| 1st | Kaysone Phomvihane | 8 December 1975 | 1 June 1989 | — | 1st Supreme People's Assembly |
| 2nd | Kaysone Phomvihane | 1 June 1989 | 15 August 1991 | 26 March 1989 | 2nd Supreme People's Assembly |
| 2nd | Khamtai Siphandon | 15 August 1991 | 25 February 1993 | — | 2nd Supreme People's Assembly |
| 3rd | Khamtai Siphandon | 25 February 1993 | 24 February 1998 | 20 December 1992 | 3rd National Assembly |
| 4th | Sisavath Keobounphanh | 24 February 1998 | 27 March 2001 | 21 December 1997 | 4th National Assembly |
| 4th | Bounnhang Vorachith | 27 March 2001 | 30 September 2002 | — | 4th National Assembly |
| 5th | Bounnhang Vorachith | 30 September 2002 | 8 June 2006 | 24 February 2002 | 5th National Assembly |
| 6th | Bouasone Bouphavanh | 8 June 2006 | 23 December 2010 | 30 April 2006 | 6th National Assembly |
| 6th | Thongsing Thammavong | 23 December 2010 | 15 June 2011 | — | 6th National Assembly |
| 7th | Thongsing Thammavong | 15 June 2011 | 20 April 2016 | 30 April 2011 | 7th National Assembly |
| 8th | Thongloun Sisoulith | 20 April 2016 | 22 March 2021 | 20 March 2016 | 8th National Assembly |
| 9th | Phankham Viphavanh | 22 March 2021 | 22 March 2021 | 21 February 2021 | 9th National Assembly |
# International Commission on the History of Mathematics

The International Commission on the History of Mathematics was established in 1971 to promote the study of history of mathematics. Kenneth O. May provided its initial impetus. In 1974, its official journal Historia Mathematica began publishing. Every four years the Commission bestows the Kenneth O. May Medal upon a deserving historian of mathematics.
In 1981, in Bucharest, the first in a series of symposia was held in conjunction with the International Congress of History of Science. In 1985, the ICHM became an inter-union commission of both the International Mathematical Union and the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. In 1989 the first Kenneth O. May Prize was awarded to Dirk Struik and Adolf P. Yushkevich.
Joseph Dauben became chair of the executive committee of the ICHM in 1985 and proceeded to assemble the global contributions from 40 historians for the 2002 publication Writing the History of Mathematics: Its Historical Development, published by Birkhäuser. In his review, Donald Cook noted, "Because the book is not designed to completely explore issues, it may raise questions for readers."
The ICHM began awarding the Montucla Prize, for the best article by an early career scholar in Historia Mathematica, in 2009. The award is given every four years.
# Sniatyn

Sniatyn (Ukrainian: Снятин, IPA: ; Polish: Śniatyn; Romanian: Sneatîn, older Sniatin; Yiddish: שניאַטין) is a city located in Kolomyia Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine along the Prut river, in the historic region of Pokutia. Sniatyn hosts the administration of Sniatyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 9,718 (2022 estimate). In 2001, population was around 10,500.
In the interbellum period, it was a rail border crossing between Poland and Romania.

## History

The first mention of the town is in 1158. Ksniatyn was named after Kostiantyn Stroslavich, a boyar and general of Yaroslav Osmomysl—a prince of medieval Halych Principality. From 1416 comes the first mention of an Armenian in Śniatyn. The town was given the Magdeburg rights in 1448. In 1628, an Armenian commune was established by King Sigismund III Vasa, one of several such communes in Poland. As a result of the First Partition of Poland, Sniatyn (and Galicia) was attributed to the Habsburg monarchy. In the interwar period, Śniatyn was part of reborn independent Poland, within which it was a county seat in the Stanisławów Voivodeship.
In 1939, Śniatyn was the temporary seat of American embassy in Poland, as the diplomatic personnel abandoned Warsaw after the first German Nazi bombings at the start of World War II. In mid-September 1939, the Polish gold reserve was evacuated from Warsaw and stored by the Polish government in Śniatyn, before it was eventually further evacuated via Romania to the territory of Polish-allied France. Afterwards, the town was occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, then by Germany until 1944, and re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which annexed it from Poland in 1945. Nearly all of Sniatyn's Jewish population was murdered during the Holocaust. Many were shot and buried in the local forest. Some died from disease and starvation in the ghetto. Approximately 1,500 people were sent to Belzec.
Until 18 July 2020, Sniatyn was the administrative center of Sniatyn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Sniatyn Raion was merged into Kolomyia Raion.

## Gallery

* Shevchenko Street
* Church of Ascension
* Roman Catholic Church
* Church of Archangel Michael's Miracle at Colassai
# Regeneration (ecology)

In ecology regeneration is the ability of an ecosystem – specifically, the environment and its living population – to renew and recover from damage. It is a kind of biological regeneration.
Regeneration refers to ecosystems replenishing what is being eaten, disturbed, or harvested. Regeneration's biggest force is photosynthesis which transforms sun energy and nutrients into plant biomass. Resilience to minor disturbances is one characteristic feature of healthy ecosystems. Following major (lethal) disturbances, such as a fire or pest outbreak in a forest, an immediate return to the previous dynamic equilibrium will not be possible. Instead, pioneering species will occupy, compete for space, and establish themselves in the newly opened habitat. The new growth of seedlings and community assembly process is known as regeneration in ecology. As ecological succession sets in, a forest will slowly regenerate towards its former state within the succession (climax or any intermediate stage), provided that all outer parameters (climate, soil fertility availability of nutrients, animal migration paths, air pollution or the absence thereof, etc.) remain unchanged.
In certain regions like Australia, natural wildfire is a necessary condition for a cyclically stable ecosystem with cyclic regeneration.

## Artificial disturbances

While natural disturbances are usually fully compensated by the rules of ecological succession, human interference can significantly alter the regenerative homeostatic faculties of an ecosystem up to a degree that self-healing will not be possible. For regeneration to occur, active restoration must be attempted.
# Enagás

Enagás, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation:, originally an initialism for Empresa Nacional del Gas) is a Spanish energy company and European transmission system operator (TSO), which owns and operates the nation's gas grid. The firm also owns four liquefied natural gas regasification terminals in the country, at Huelva, Barcelona, Cartagena, and Gijón. In addition, it owns 50% of the plant BBG (Bilbao) and 72.5% of the Saggas terminal in Sagunto. The chairman of Enagás is Antonio Llardén Carratalá and his chief executive officer is Arturo Gonzalo Aizpiri. The firm's headquarters are located in Madrid. Apart from Spain, Enagás has presence in Mexico, Perú, Chile, Sweden and in the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) European project.
The company was founded in 1972 by the Spanish Government with the aim of creating a nationwide network of gas pipelines. After privatisation in 1994, Gas Natural acquired a controlling stake in the company. Since Enagás demerged in 2002, Gas Natural gradually decreased its stake to 5%, the maximum allowed for any shareholder by the Government after 30 December 2006. As of 2006, the institutional shareholder was the state-owned holding company Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) which held 5% of Enagás.
Since 2019, 90% of the company's shares are on the open market (free float).
In September 2023, it was announced Enagás has finalised the acquisition of 10% of the shares in the Hamburg LNG and green gases import terminal, Hanseatic Energy Hub GmbH.

## MidCat pipeline project

The MidCat gas pipeline was a 2010s concept, promoted by Enagás and French gas operator Teréga, to build a large gas pipeline between France and the Catalonia region of eastern Spain.
In 2011, the €3.1 billion MidCat gas pipeline project was kicked off. The first section near Barcelona was built in 2011–2012. However, the project came to a halt after just €7 million in EU support had been expended for prestudies for the project.
The first part of the pipeline called the South Transit East Pyrenees, or STEP, was to continue the existing line near Barcelona into France for about €440 million, paid mostly by the French partner Teréga (formerly TIGF — Transport et Infrastructures Gaz France). Construction was to start in 2019, and be completed by 2022. The second half of MidCat was to reinforce about 800 km of pipelines within France. A 2017 EU report found that MidCat's costs were higher than its assumed benefits.
The MidCat was later on called BarMar (Barcelona-Marseille) and will finally become part of the H2MED, a hydrogen pipeline transport.
On 15 December 2022 it submitted to the call for Projects of Community Interest (PCI) the first two axes of the Spanish Hydrogen Backbone Network project (the Vía de la Plata Axis and the Cantabrian Coast Axis) together with the two subway storage facilities (in Cantabria, of 335 GWh, and the Basque Country, of 240 GWh) that have been identified as necessary for its correct operation.
# Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (A)

This is not a complete listing of everything listed and traded on the TSX.
* Only one share class per issuer is listed (so the banks with many preferred shares are only listed once). The symbol listed is the company's primary symbol.
* No ETFs
* No structured financial/investment companies (e.g. Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Investment Company Limited)

## A

| Stock Name | Symbol |
| A&W Revenue Royalties Income Fund | AW.UN |
| Aberdeen International Inc. | AAB |
| Absolute Software Corporation | ABT |
| Acadian Timber Corp. | ADN |
| Accord Financial Corp. | ACD |
| Aclara Resources Inc. | ARA |
| ACT Energy Technologies Ltd. | ACX |
| Adcore Inc. | ADCO |
| ADENTRA Inc. | ADEN |
| ADF Group Inc. | DRX |
| Advantage Energy Ltd. | AAV |
| Aecon Group Inc. | ARE |
| Aegis Brands Inc. | AEG |
| Africa Oil Corp. | AOI |
| Ag Growth International Inc. | AFN |
| AGF Management Limited | AGF.B |
| Agnico Eagle Mines Limited | AEM |
| Aimia Inc. | AIM |
| Air Canada | AC |
| AirBoss of America Corp. | BOS |
| Akita Drilling Ltd. | AKT.A |
| Alamos Gold Inc. | AGI |
| Alaris Equity Partners Income Trust | AD.UN |
| Algoma Central Corporation | ALC |
| Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp. | AQN |
| Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. | ATD.A |
| Alithya Group inc. | ALYA |
| Allied Gold Corp. | AAUC |
| Allied Properties Real Estate Investment Trust | AP.UN |
| Almaden Minerals Ltd. | AMM |
| Almonty Industries Inc. | AII |
| Alta Copper Corp. | ATCU |
| AltaGas Ltd. | ALA |
| Altius Minerals Corporation | ALS |
| Altus Group Limited | AIF |
| American Hotel Income Properties REIT LP | HOT.UN |
| Americas Gold and Silver Corporation | USA |
| Amerigo Resources Ltd. | ARG |
| Anaergia Inc. | ANRG |
| Andean Precious Metals Corp. | APM |
| Andlauer Healthcare Group Inc. | AND |
| Andrew Peller Limited | ADW.A |
| Appili Therapeutics Inc. | APLI |
| Aptose Biosciences Inc. | APS |
| ARC Resources Ltd. | ARX |
| Aris Mining Corporation | ARIS |
| Aritzia Inc. | ATZ |
| Arizona Metals Corp. | AMC |
| Arizona Sonoran Copper Company Inc. | ASCU |
| Artis Real Estate Investment Trust | AX.DB.F |
| Ascendant Resources Inc. | ASND |
| Ascot Resources Ltd | AOT |
| ATCO Ltd. (Non-voting) | ACO.X |
| Athabasca Oil Corporation | ATH |
| AtkinsRéalis Group Inc. | ATRL |
| Atlantic Power Corporation | ATP |
| Atrium Mortgage Investment Corporation | AI |
| ATS Corporation | ATS |
| Augusta Gold Corp. | G |
| Aura Minerals Inc. | ORA |
| Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc. | AUP |
| Aurora Cannabis Inc | ACB |
| AutoCanada Inc. | ACQ |
| Automotive Properties Real Estate Investment Trust | APR.UN |
| Auxly Cannabis Group Inc. | XLY |
| Avalon Advanced Materials Inc. | AVL |
| Avant Brands Inc. | AVNT |
| Avicanna Inc. | AVCN |
| Avino Silver & Gold Mines Ltd. | ASM |
| Aya Gold & Silver Inc. | AYA |
# Chimwenje

Chimwenje was a Zimbabwean militant organisation based in Manica Province, Mozambique. Its leader was Armando Mabache. The movement allegedly enjoyed a close association with RENAMO, a right-wing Mozambican political party and former insurgent force.
Armando Mabache was a former RENAMO general who was dismissed as part of a general demobilisation campaign following the end of the Mozambican Civil War. Chimwenje's recruits were also trained by RENAMO militia troops.
Aspects of Chimwenje's ideology and agenda remain unclear. It was dedicated to toppling Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, and first entered prominence in mid-1995. The group retained somewhat ambiguous political ties to prominent Zimbabwean opposition leader Ndabaningi Sithole, and its ranks included several known associates of Sithole, including one of his former bodyguards. In October 1995 Sithole was arrested on suspicion that he was involved with a Chimwenje plot to assassinate President Mugabe. When questioned he expressed awareness of the militants and simply stated that they were Zimbabwean exiles who wished to return to their country.
Chimwenje militants were believed to be training on Mozambican soil for cross-border raids into Zimbabwe. Following a number of clashes between the guerrillas and the Mozambique Defence Armed Forces (FADM) around early 1996, Mozambican President Joaquim Chissano announced he would seek the expulsion of Chimwenje from the country.
In mid-1996, media reports surfaced that Chimwenje was planning a major offensive. The guerrillas began laying land mines across Manica Province, damaging some equipment owned by an Italian firm contracted to repair infrastructure destroyed by the recent civil war. In response, the Mozambican government agreed to coordinate preemptive border operations with Zimbabwean and Malawian security forces. The topic was discussed at a regional defence summit hosted by Malawi on July 10. Intelligence findings presented at the summit confirmed Armando Mabache as Chimwenje's leader.
Around August, seven Chimwenje guerrillas, including two Zimbabwean nationals and five Mozambican nationals, were captured and given sentences of up to sixteen years' incarceration for crimes ranging from mercenary activity to armed insurrection.
Chimwenje was wiped out by joint operations carried out by the FADM and the Zimbabwe Defence Forces in late 1996.

## Sources

* Institute for Security Studies: Zimbabwe - Security Information
# 1971 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team

The 1971 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team represented Jacksonville State University as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 1971 NAIA Division I football season. Led by third-year head coach Charley Pell, the Gamecocks compiled an overall record of 6–3 with a mark of 3–2 in conference play, and finished third in the GSC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 11 | vs. Livingston | Memorial StadiumAnniston, AL | L 9–10 | >10,000 |
| September 25 | Southeast Missouri State* | Paul Snow StadiumJacksonville, AL | W 57–0 | |
| October 2 | Western Carolina* | Paul Snow StadiumJacksonville, AL | W 41–14 | |
| October 9 | at Southeastern Louisiana | Strawberry StadiumHammond, LA | W 20–14 | 7,200 |
| October 16 | at Troy State | Veterans Memorial StadiumTroy, AL (rivalry) | L 28–42 | 9,000 |
| October 23 | Samford* | Paul Snow StadiumJacksonville, AL (rivalry) | L 21–31 | 6,200 |
| October 30 | Tennessee–Martin | Paul Snow StadiumJacksonville, AL | W 30–10 | |
| November 13 | Delta State | Paul Snow StadiumJacksonville, AL | W 31–14 | 5,238 |
| November 19 | vs. Florence State | Legion FieldBirmingham, AL | W 60–7 | 12,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Kalat Kali Temple

Kalat Kali Temple (Brahui/Urdu: کالی مندر ) is a temple of the Hindu goddess Kali located in the city of Kalat, Balochistan province of Pakistan.

## History

2% of the total population of Kalat is Hindu. Also some Hindu Hindkowan merchants settled here.
The Kali Temple of Kalat is located at the foot of the ancient city fort of Kalat state. This temple was built before the arrival of Islam in South Asia.
   At that time, the temple was known as Kalat-i-Seba (after a legendary Hindu king) and Kalat-i Nikari (after the Brahui-speaking Baloch Nikari tribe). The Nikaris are generally recognized as the oldest branch of the indigenous Brahuis.
It is said that the local Baloch hero Sewa founded the city of Kalat and it was named after him as Kalat-e-Sewa (Sewar fort).
# Braine-le-Comte

Braine-le-Comte (French: ; Walloon: Brinne-e-Hinnot; Dutch: 's-Gravenbrakel ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.
On January 1, 2018, Braine-le-Comte had a total population of 21,649. The total area is 84.68 square kilometres (32.70 sq mi) which gives a population density of 260 inhabitants per km$^2$.
The municipality consists of the following districts: Braine-le-Comte, Hennuyères, Henripont, Petit-Rœulx-lez-Braine, Ronquières, and Steenkerque.
The Ronquières inclined plane at the Brussels–Charleroi Canal is in the municipality of Braine-le-Comte.

## History

On August 3, 1692, during the Nine Years War, the French army defeated a joint English-Dutch-German army in the Battle of Steenkerque in the current municipality of Braine-le-Comte.

### Postal history

The Braine-le-Comte post-office opened before 1830. It used postal code 22 with bars (before 1864) and 53 with points (before 1874). The Hennuyères post office opened on 6 November 1865. It used postal code 161 with points (before 1874). The Ronquières post office opened on 10 January 1895.
Postal codes in 1969:
* 7198 Ronquières
* 7199 Henripont
* 7490 Braine-le-Comte
* 7491 Steenkerque
* 7492 Petit-Rœulx-lez-Braine
* 7498 Hennuyères

## Notable people

* Eden Hazard, Belgian international footballer
* Thorgan Hazard, Belgian international footballer
* Kylian Hazard, Belgian international footballer
* Father Damien, a Roman Catholic Saint that attended the College of Braine-le-Comte in 1858
# Walton Well Drinking Fountain

The Walton Well Drinking Fountain is a historic drinking fountain in north Oxford, England. It is located at the junction of Walton Well Road, Longworth Road, and Southmoor Road, in Walton Manor, north of Jericho, an inner suburb of Oxford.
The fountain is on the site of a spring known as Walton Well (aka Bruman's or Brumman's Well) Previously, a stone trough was available before the drinking fountain was erected in 1885 by an Oxford Alderman, William Ward.
At the location of the spring, there is now a drinking fountain in the road, with a plaque dated 1885. It was erected by William Ward, who was Mayor of Oxford in 1851 and 1861. The fountain was designed by the Oxford architect Harry Wilkinson Moore and carved in Portland stone using a Neo-Baroque style by McCulloch of London.
The fountain is inscribed on a metal commemorative plaque:
   1885 DRINK AND THINK OF HIM WHO IS THE FOUNTAIN OF LIFE [around the edge] WITH THE CONSENT OF THE LORDS OF THE MANOR THIS DRINKING FOUNTAIN IS ERECTED BY MR. WILLIAM WARD TO MARK THE SITE OF A CELEBRATED SPRING KNOWN AS WALTON WELL ADJACENT TO THE ANCIENT FORDWAY INTO PORT MEADOW CALLED WALTON FORD
The fountain was Grade II listed in 1972. As of 2025, the Oxford Preservation Trust plans to restore the fountain, following a successful fundraiser.