OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cuban pygmy owl

The Cuban pygmy owl (Glaucidium siju) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae that is endemic to Cuba.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Cuban pygmy owl has three subspecies, the nominate Glaucidium siju siju, G. s. turquinense, and G. s. vittatum.

## Description

The Cuban pygmy owl is 16 to 17 cm (6.3 to 6.7 in) long. Males weigh 47 to 68 g (1.7 to 2.4 oz) and females 66 to 102 g (2.3 to 3.6 oz). It has two color morphs, gray-brown and rufous; the former is more common. Both morphs have a pale grayish face, whitish to cinnamon "brows" over yellow eyes, and a pair of dark "false eyes" on the nape. The nominate gray-brown morph's crown, sides of the head, and back are grayish brown with white spots; the shoulders have diffuse dark barring. The tail is also grayish brown, with white bars. The throat is brown, the sides of the breast and flanks brown with darker bars, the center of the breast white, and the rest of the underparts off-white with dark brown streaks and spots. The rufous morph replaces the gray-brown with cinnamon. G. s. turquinense is much darker and has fewer spots on the upperparts. G. s. vittatum is larger than the nominate and the barring on the shoulders is more defined.

## Distribution and habitat

The Cuban pygmy owl is the most common and most frequently observed owl in the country. The nominate subspecies is found throughout the main island of Cuba except on its highest mountain, Pico Turquino. Subspecies G. s. turquinense is found only on that mountain and G. s. vittatum on the Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Pines) and possibly the Guanahacabibes Peninsula. The species inhabits the interiors and edges of coastal, deciduous, and montane forest, both primary and secondary. It is also found in areas such as pastures with scattered trees, cultivated fields, plantations, and large city parks. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft).

## Behavior
### Feeding

The Cuban pygmy owl is active in both daytime and the night. It hunts from a perch; though its diet has not been studied in detail, it appears to feed mostly on insects and small reptiles, and also takes small mammals, birds, and frogs.

### Breeding

The Cuban pygmy owl nests in the dry season of November to April. It lays a clutch of three or four eggs in a tree cavity, either natural or one previously used by a woodpecker. The female incubates the eggs.

### Vocalization

* Songs and calls
* Listen to Cuban pygmy owl on xeno-canto
The Cuban pygmy owl has two known vocalizations. The male sings "a series of more or less equally spaced notes similar to the song of the mountain pygmy owl (Glaucidium gnoma)". Both sexes make an apparent alarm call, "a rapid and accelerating series of rather higher-pitched, squeaky-sounding notes".

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the Cuban pygmy owl as being of Least Concern. Though its population has not been quantified, it is considered fairly common to common. It is "[a]dversely affected by destruction of small patches of woodland".
# World Food Championships (TV series)

World Food Championships is a television series produced by A&E Television Networks and airing on the Fyi network. The show features competitors at the annual World Food Championships in Las Vegas where top chefs and home cooks compete for a top prize of $300,000.

## Cast

* Tiffany Derry - Herself - Host (10 episodes)
* Ray Lampe - Himself - Guest Judge (5 episodes)
* Whitney Miller - Guest Judge (5 episodes)
* Jeffrey Saad - Himself - Host (10 episodes)
* Ben Vaughn - Guest Judge (5 episodes)
* Jodi Taffel - Herself (1 episode)

## Season 1
### Episode 1: Burger

Competitors compete in regional qualifiers around the world before the best of the best head to Las Vegas. Chefs create a signature burger in the first round. In round two they must create a patty melt with an original twist. In the third round the top 10 contestants compete using a secret ingredient.

### Episode 2: Bacon

Chefs participate in three rounds, first creating a signature bacon dish, then reinventing a classic and finally making use of a mystery ingredient.

### Episode 3: Sandwich

The chefs create three sandwiches: a signature sandwich, a reinvented classic and sandwich with a mystery ingredient.

### Episode 4: Pasta

Contestants produce three noodle dishes: a signature pasta, a classic reinvented and pasta making use of a mystery ingredient.

### Episode 5: BBQ

Top BBQ chefs compete in a two-part competition.

### Episode 6: Finale

Top competitors from the burger, bacon, sandwich, pasta and BBQ categories compete in a head-to-head competition for the title of World Food Champion.

## Season 2
### Episode 1: The Fight Begins

The World Food Championships get underway in Florida as contestants in the dessert division try to find a sweet path to the Final Table.

### Episode 2: Follow the Steps

The seafood and recipe categories are featured.

### Episode 3: Gouda Times

Pasta competitors try to unseat a champion; and the Gouda Girls work to redeem themselves in the sandwich division.

### Episode 4: Battle of the Champs

The reigning world champs of bacon and burgers enter into difficult battles to retain their titles.

### Episode 5: Smokin' Hot

Family, friendships and fun highlight the chili and BBQ divisions. That is, until it's time to turn in the dishes for judging, and then it's all business.

### Episode 6: The Final Table

The final nine contestants compete to win $100,000 in cash and walk away with the championship title.
# Tiffany Lau

Tiffany Lau Wing-Shuen (Chinese:劉穎鏇, born 24 May 1997) is a Hong Kong host and actress, the runner-up and Miss Photogenic of the 2016 Miss Hong Kong Pageant, and the winner of the Most Improved Female Artist award at the TVB Anniversary Awards 2023. Currently an artist of the TVB Manager Contract.

## Biography

Lau is an only child living in Los Angeles since her childhood. She is talented in basketball. She participated in many women's basketball games in high school and represented the team in California, where she won second place. In 2015, she was admitted to the Department of Business Administration at the University of California, Riverside. In 2016, she went to Hong Kong to participate in the Miss Hong Kong Pageant and won the runner-up, Miss Photogenic and Most Popular Beauty Award. She decided to stay in Hong Kong after being elected. After graduating from the Artist Training Class, she studied online for a bachelor's degree in business administration at Arizona State University, and obtained the degree in December 2020.
In 2017, Lau became one of the hosts of the TVB information program Sidewalk Scientist, mainly hosting and filming TV series at present.
# Whitney Mansion (Glassboro, New Jersey)

Whitney Mansion, also known as Hollybush Mansion, is a historic house located on the campus of Rowan University in Glassboro, Gloucester County, New Jersey. It was used as the Rowan University President's Residence until 1998. Since 2003, Rowan University has spent more than $3 million to restore the mansion, which is now used as a meeting place and museum.
Originally the home of the Whitney family, it was the first of its kind in South Jersey, setting a precedent with its Italianate architectural style. Its interior decorations attest to this precedent, featuring significantly unique elements such as the trompe de l'oeil ceilings in the parlor and the Summit Room, as well as the painted glass archway above and around the front door. The stone used in the construction of Hollybush was New Jersey Ironstone, a sedimentary type of stone found in the low hills and ridges of South Jersey.
In 1967, the mansion hosted the Glassboro Summit Conference, a summit meeting between United States President Lyndon B. Johnson and Soviet Union Premier Alexei Kosygin.
The mansion was built in 1849 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 5, 1972, for its significance in architecture and politics/government.
# Ulrik Brock

Ulrik Lennart Brock (born 16 January 1945, in Copenhagen) is a sailor from Denmark. Brock represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Brock took 7th place in the Danish Flying Dutchman with Hans Fogh as helmsman.
# Gadifer de la Salle

Gadifer de La Salle (Sainte-Radegonde, 1340 –1415) was a French knight and crusader of Poitevine origin who, with Jean de Béthencourt, conquered and explored the Canary Islands for the Kingdom of Castile.

## Life

Gadifer de La Salle was born about 1350 into a family of minor nobility in Poitou. His father, Ferrand de La Salle. Gadifer served first under Philip I, Duke of Burgundy, and later as a member of the household of the Duke of Berry.
Gadifer had won renown in the French campaigns against England during the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453). In 1378 the duke of Berry financed his travel to Prussia to take part in a crusading venture of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia. He served with Hospitallers in Rhodes, and was part of a delegation sent by Louis I, Duke of Anjou to the Republic of Venice. Their galleys were seized by the Republic of Ragusa, and it is likely that Louis paid Gadifer's ransom.
In 1390 during the Barbary Crusade in North Africa he was under the command of the Duke of Bourbon at the siege of Mahdia. The expedition had been organized by the Genoese to deal with a pirate stronghold.
While there he met Jean de Béthencourt, whom he had known previously during service under the Duke of Orleans. Bethencourt later pledged his domain to finance their expedition to the Canary Islands. Gadifer de La Salle joined Béthencourt at La Rochelle.
Accompanying the expedition were Brother Pierre Bontier, a Franciscan friar of Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes who later officiated at Lanzarote, and Jean le Verrier, a priest who was later installed at Fuerteventura as vicar in the chapel of Our Lady of Bethencourt. Bontier and Le Verrier served as historians of the expedition.
In 1402 they conquered Lanzarote, the northernmost inhabited island, from the local guanche chieftains. Gadifer then explored the archipelago, and Béthencourt left for Cádiz, where he was given reinforcements and financial support at the Castilian court. At this time a power struggle had broken out on the island between Gadifer and Berthin, another officer. Berthin wished to abandon the conquest and return with a cargo of slaves. While Gadifer was exploring another island, Berthin departed with almost all of the ships leaving Gadifer for dead. Gadifer and his men spent about a week on the island surviving from dew gathered on their blankets. Eventually a soldier still loyal to Gadifer brought one of the remaining ships to rescue them. In 1403, after a resupply ship sent by Béthencourt arrived, Gadifer was able to complete the conquest of the islands and root out the disloyal Castilians. In early 1404 the native population converted to Christianity, later that same year Béthencourt himself returned. De la Salle and Béthencourt founded the city of Betancuria in 1404.
Béthencourt had become king of the Canaries (a title granted by Henry III of Castile in exchange for Béthencourt's respect). Gadifer, who felt insulted, left the Canaries and appealed for redress at the court of Castile. When this appeal proved to be unsuccessful, he returned to France.
# List of World War II weapons of Slovak Army

This is a list of the weapons of Slovakia during World War II, which does not include weapons used by partisans.

## Small arms
### Small arms

* Vz. 22 pistolSlovak soldiers during the campaign against the Soviet Union
* Pistole vz. 24
* Roth–Steyr M1907
* P08

### Rifles

* Vz. 24-Standard issue
* Karabiner 98k

### Submachine guns

* MP 18- Used by Reinsurance division in Belorussia and Ukraine against pro-Soviet partisans
* MP 40
* PPD-40-Captured from Red Army
* ZK-383

### Machine guns

* ZB vz. 26
* ZB vz. 30
* ZB-53
* Schwarzlose M1907/12
* MG 34

## Artillery
### Mortars

* 8 cm minomet vz. 36

### Field/medium artillery

* 10 cm houfnice vz. 30
* 10.5 cm hruby kanon vz. 35

### Heavy artillery

* 15 cm hrubá houfnice vz. 37
* Skoda 220 mm howitzer

### Anti tank guns

* 3,7cm KPÚV vz. 34
* 3,7cm KPÚV vz. 37
* 4.7 cm KPÚV vz. 38

### Anti aircraft guns

* 8.35 cm PL kanon vz. 22
* 9 cm kanon PL vz. 12/20
* 7.5 cm kanon PL vz. 37
* Škoda 76.5 mm L/50

## Armoured vehicles
### Armoured cars

* OA vz. 27 - Used for training then scrapped in February 1943
* OA vz. 30

### Tankettes

* vz. 32 tankettes
* LT-40 - Based on the Czech LT vz. 38 chassis, the Slovak Army received 21 units in 1940.

### Tanks

* LT-35 - Following the declaration of independence, the Slovak Army received additional units, which were used in operations on the Eastern Front.
* LT-38
* Marder III
# William Pinto House

The William Pinto House, also known as William Pinto-Eli Whitney House, is a historic house at 275 Orange Street in New Haven, Connecticut. It is a Federal-style building of post-and-beam construction, and was built in 1810 for John Cook, a merchant. It is rare and unusual for its design, which places the gable end facing the street, rather than to the side as was more typical in the Federal period. It is historically notable for its second owner, William Pinto, a member of one of New Haven's leading Jewish families, and for its third occupant, Eli Whitney, who leased the house from Pinto in the later years of his life. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It now houses professional offices.

## Description and history

The William Pinto House is located a short way east of the New Haven Green in central New Haven, on the east side of Orange Street between Elm and Wall Streets. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood rame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its street-facing facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the rightmost bay. Sash windows occupy the other bays, and are topped by corniced lintels. There is a small Palladian window in the gable end above. The entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a half-round transom, and is sheltered by a gabled hood with elongated carved brackets. The interior retains main finishes including fireplace surrounds and trim.
When this house was built in 1810, Orange Street was a fashionable upper-class residential area; it has since been transformed into a largely commercial district of the city's downtown. It was built for John Cook, a prominent local merchant, who sold it in 1812 to William Pinto, a member of one of the first Jewish families to settled in New Haven. Pinto served in the state militia during the American Revolutionary War, and was one of its most successful West Indies merchants. Pinto rented the house to inventor Eli Whitney in 1819, which he occupied until his death in 1825. Architecturally, the house is a rare surviving example of a Federal style house with a front-facing gable.

## Gallery

* As Seen in 2024
* Palladian window in the gable.
# Town Shoes

Town Shoes Ltd. was a Canadian chain of shoe stores founded by Leonard Simpson in 1952.
The business had 38 locations operating across Canada. Additionally it operated two banners The Shoe Store and Shoe Warehouse (after 2014).

## Timeline

In 2014, DSW, Inc., now Designer Brands, Inc., acquired a 44% stake in Town Shoes and entered an agreement to open Shoe Warehouse stores in Canada.
In May 2018, DSW purchased the remainder of the company.
On August 28, 2018, DSW announced the closure of all 38 locations, due to competition from other retailers.
# Turner County Courthouse

Turner County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse in Ashburn, Georgia, the county seat of Turner County, Georgia. The Classical Revival building was designed by two Macon architects, Alexander Blair III (who also designed seven other Georgia courthouses) and Peter E. Dennis. The courthouse is located at 219 East College Avenue, close to several historic homes.
The courthouse was constructed in 1907-1908, shortly after the county was formed by an act of the Georgia Legislature on August 18, 1905, from parts of Dooly, Irwin, Wilcox, and Worth counties. Ashburn was designated the county seat when the county was formed. The courthouse has served as the county government's offices since that time. The Turner County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1980. The courthouse underwent restorations in 1984 and 2001.

## Architecture

The construction is of brick and stone, and the New Georgia Guide published by the University of Georgia Press describes the building as "impressive." While the other courthouses designed by Alexander Blair III reflect traditional Neoclassicism, the design of the Turner County Courthouse (like the Decatur County Courthouse) is characterized by Neoclassical variations. It features a more flamboyant style that reflect the influence of Neo-Georgian/Colonial Revival architecture, giving a historical atmosphere to the building, as well as a somewhat Italianate appearance. The courthouse is asymmetrical because it includes a three-story clock tower, located on the west side of the building. The clock was made by the E. Howard Watch & Clock Company. The courthouse still has the original tin tiles, popular when the building was constructed, as well as an upper balcony where, before desegregation, black people were required to sit. A state historical marker, erected by the Georgia Historical Commission in 1954, is located on the courthouse lawn.

## Gallery

* Courthouse in 2015
* South side
* West side
* Clock tower
# Akhira massacre

Akhira massacre (Bengali: আখিরা গণহত্যা) was a massacre of the emigrating Hindus of the then Dinajpur district near Baraihat on 17 April 1971 by the Pakistani army with collaboration from the local Razakars. It is estimated that around 100 Hindus were killed in the massacre.

## Events

In April 1971, a member of the Razakar forces, Kenan Uddin Sarkar of Ramchandrapur village under Parbatipur sub-division of Dinajpur district, assured 50 Hindu families of neighbouring Badarganj, Kholahati, Birampur, Aftabganj and Sherpur of a safe passage to India. He kept the Hindus confined at a place called Baraihat in present-day Phulbari Upazila. The Razakars and the Al-Badr militia looted the money and jewelry from Hindus during their confinement. After that another Razakar, an associate of Kenan Uddin Sarkar informed the Pakistani army. The Pakistani army took the hostage Hindus to Akhira, 100 metres from south of Baraihat. It was about 11 A.M. The Hindus were made to stand in a row beside a pond, the men in one line and the women and children in another. They were burst fired from machine guns. A few children and teenagers who were survived the burst fire, were bayonetted to death. According to eye witness accounts, after gunning down the men, the Pakistani soldiers turned their attention to the females, and brutally gang raped them at that spot. After the victory in the Liberation War, the local people executed Kenan Uddin Sarkar by the method of Jabiha.

## Casualty

The male members of the captive Hindu families were massacred by the Pakistani army. According to the most conservative reports, the casualty figure is 85. Eight local Muslims, who had witnessed the massacre were also killed later. According to other version, around 125 Hindus died in the massacre. Though there is no general consensus regarding the casualty figures, it is generally accepted around 100 Hindus were killed in the massacre.

## Memorial

No memorial has been erected at the mass killing site at Akhira. The local people organize Milad Mehfil and Quran Khawani in memory of the dead.
# Viey

Viey (Occitan: Vieu) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Pinus peuce

Pinus peuce (Macedonian pine or Balkan pine) (Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian: молика, molika; Bulgarian: бяла мура, byala mura) is a species of pine native to the mountains of North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo, the extreme southwest of Serbia, and the extreme north of Greece, growing typically at (600-) 1,000-2,200 (-2,300) m altitude. It often reaches the alpine tree line in this area. The mature size is up to 35–40 m height, and 1.5 m trunk diameter. However, the height of the tree diminishes strongly near the upper tree line and may even obtain shrub sizes.
It is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath. They are 6–11 cm long. Its pine cones are mostly 8–16 cm long, occasionally up to 20 cm long, green at first, becoming yellow-brown when mature, with broad, flat to downcurved scales. The 6–7 mm long seeds have a 2 cm wing and can be wind-dispersed, but are also very often dispersed by spotted nutcrackers.
The species was first described in scientific literature by August Grisebach in 1844, based on field observations of montane pines on Baba Mountain, above Bitola.

## Use

Macedonian pine is one of the most valuable conifer species in the Balkan Peninsula. Its durable wood is highly valued in construction, furniture production, wood-carving and cooperage. The tree is also exceptionally good at adapting to severe mountain climate conditions, which makes it a valuable species for afforestation on high terrain for protection against erosion. The local population use P. peuce resin to cure wounds, pectoral, skin and stomach diseases, varicose veins and other illnesses.
Macedonian pine is also a popular ornamental tree in parks and large gardens, giving reliable steady though not fast growth on a wide range of sites. It is very tolerant of severe winter cold, hardy down to at least -45 °C, and also of wind exposure. It is locally naturalised in Punkaharju in eastern Finland.
Like other European and Asian white pines, Macedonian pine is very resistant to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). This fungal disease was accidentally introduced from Europe into North America, where it has caused severe mortality in the American native white pines (e.g. western white pine, sugar pine, whitebark pine) in many areas. Macedonian pine is of great value for research into hybridisation and genetic modification to develop rust resistance in these species; hybrids with eastern white pine inherit some resistance.

## Other

Synonyms include Pinus cembra var. fruticosa Griseb., Pinus excelsa var. peuce (Griseb.) Beissn., Pinus peuce var. vermiculata Christ, and Balkan pine.
* Cultivated specimen, Berlin Botanical Gardens
* Foliage and cones
* Young female cone
# Chlorosoman

Chlorosoman is a chlorine analog of soman. It is a highly toxic organophosphorus compound and used as the precursor substance for soman nerve agent. Its physical properties are estimated. Soman is insoluble in water, with a boiling point of 223 degrees Celsius and a melting point of -27 degrees Celsius. Chlorosoman is at least 2.5x less toxic than its analogue.
The ClG series of compounds is used more as a precursor to highly toxic compounds. For example, soman is a precursor to EA-2613 and EA-3209.

## Synthesis

ClGD follows the same synthetic route as soman, with fluoridation being omitted. Chlorosoman is prepared by the Finkelstein reaction between a solution of sodium chloride in DMF and soman. A fluoride substitution is hypothetically made by the metathetic reaction between soman, anhydrous aluminum chloride, and sodium chloride in a suitable solvent, precipitating sodium hexafluoroaluminate.
${\ce {6 CH3P(O)FOCH3CHC(CH3)3 + AlCl3 + 3 NaCl-> 6 CH3P(O)ClOCH3CHC(CH3)3 + Na3AlF6v}}$
# The Frozen Thames

The Frozen Thames is a 1677 landscape painting by the Dutch artist Abraham Hondius. It depicts a view of the River Thames in London when it had frozen over in the winter of 1676. The painting looks eastwards towards Old London Bridge with buildings on it. Beyond it can be seen the tower of St Olave's Church and what is now Southwark Cathedral. As part of the Little Ice Age the Thames occasionally froze over and frost fairs were held.
Today it is in the collection of the London Museum, having been acquired in 1935.