# Progressive house

Progressive house is a subgenre of house music that emerged in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom. It is characterized by its evolving, melodic structures, subtle transitions, and layered sound design. Initially rooted in a deeper underground sound, progressive house evolved to gain mainstream appeal by the 2010s, blending with festival styles and incorporating anthemic elements, leading to broader interpretations.

## Etymology

In the context of popular music the word "progressive" was first used widely in the 1970s to differentiate experimental forms of rock music from mainstream styles. Such music attempted to explore alternate approaches to rock music production. In disco music, and later house music, a similar desire to separate more exploratory styles from standard approaches saw DJs and producers adopting the word "progressive" to make a distinction.
According to DJ and producer Carl Craig, the term "progressive" was used in Detroit in the early 1980s in reference to Italo disco. The music was dubbed "progressive" because it drew upon the influence of Giorgio Moroder's Euro disco rather than the disco inspired by the symphonic sound of Philadelphia soul. In Detroit, prior to the emergence of techno, artists like Alexander Robotnick, Klein + M.B.O. and Capricorn filled a vacancy left after disco's demise in America. In the late 1980s, UK music journalist Simon Reynolds introduced the term "progressive dance" to describe acts such as 808 State, The Orb, Bomb the Bass and The Shamen. Between 1990 and 1992, the term "progressive" referred to the short-form buzz word for the house music subgenre "progressive house".

## History
### Origins and early development (1990s–2000s)

Progressive house emerged after the first wave of house music. The roots of progressive house can be traced back to the early 1990s rave and club scenes in the United Kingdom. The buzz word emerged from the rave scene around 1990 to 1992, describing a new sound of house that broke away from its American roots. In 1992, Mixmag described it at the time as a "new breed of hard but tuneful, banging but thoughtful, uplifting and trancey British house." A combination of US house, UK house, Italian house, and techno largely influenced one another during this era.
In June 1992, Mixmag published a list that contained what the magazine viewed as the top progressive house tracks at that time.
According to American DJ/producer duo Gabriel & Dresden, Leftfield's October 1990 release "Not Forgotten" was possibly the first progressive house production. The record label Guerilla Records, set up by William Orbit & Dick O'Dell, is thought to have been pivotal in the growth of a scene around the genre. The 1994 Renaissance: The Mix Collection, mixed by Sasha and John Digweed, and Northern Exposure in 1996 have both been credited with establishing the genre, helping to define its sound and structure. As well as Guerilla Records, the labels Deconstruction Records, Hooj Choons and Soma Records contributed to the scene's development in the early to mid 1990s. Among its derivative genres, progressive breaks emerged in the late 1990s as a subgenre of breaks.
In the early 2000s, progressive house evolved by incorporating elements from deep house, tech house, and progressive trance. Pioneering artists such as Sasha, John Digweed, Hernán Cattáneo, and Sander Kleinenberg were instrumental in shaping its sound. This period also saw a convergence with the progressive trance movement, as artists like Deep Dish and Nick Warren infused more ethereal and cinematic elements into their productions. In contrast to this trend, dark progressive house emerged as a deep, hypnotic and atmospheric variant of the genre.

### Mainstream expansion and stylistic shifts (2010s–present)

By the 2010s, the term "progressive house" had broadened significantly, often diverging from its original underground meaning to a more mainstream and festival-oriented productions. This shift was reinforced by electronic music (EDM) charts and industry rankings, particularly DJ Mag’s Top 100 DJs list and digital platforms like Beatport, which categorized a wide range of commercially successful tracks under the "progressive house" label. As a result, the genre's definition became increasingly ambiguous, with some artists and fans distinguishing between two distinct styles: the classic progressive house sound rooted in the 1990s and the more energetic, big room-influenced style that gained prominence in the 2010s. This new style has been labeled with different terms such as mainstage progressive house, festival progressive house, and big room progressive house to distinguish it from the original genre.
During this period, the emerging style of progressive house gained widespread global popularity, thanks to artists such as Avicii, Swedish House Mafia, Alesso, Nicky Romero, and Martin Garrix. Avicii's 2011 hit "Levels" became one of the defining tracks of the era, blending uplifting melodies with festival-ready energy. Similarly, Swedish House Mafia, the group composed by Axwell, Sebastian Ingrosso, and Steve Angello, propelled the genre further with "Don't You Worry Child" (2012), an anthem that solidified progressive house's position in radio-friendly EDM. Swedish music labels Axtone, Refune, and Size played a pivotal role in defining the sound. This era saw progressive house incorporating elements of big room house, a subgenre characterized by simplified structures, heavy drops, and grand, anthemic melodies, which take its roots in electro house. The fusion of these styles contributed to the commercial expansion of the genre, making it a staple at major EDM festivals worldwide. Despite this shift, some artists remained committed to the original ethos, focusing on gradual builds, atmospheric textures, and intricate sound design. Eric Prydz and Deadmau5, for instance, continued to refine and evolve the classic progressive house style, maintaining its connection to trance-influenced roots. "Strobe" by Deadmau5 is a good example, which had been cited by Billboard Dance as the artist's all-time best song.
In recent years, after the early 2010s commercial "EDM boom", underground sounds have regained popularity. Labels like Anjunadeep, Lost & Found, and Sudbeat played a significant role in fostering this new wave of progressive house. These labels, led by artists such as James Grant, Guy J, Hernán Cattáneo focused on rich melodic structures, atmospheric soundscapes, and intricate arrangements, distancing themselves from the "big room" style that had dominated the EDM scene. Furthermore, the new wave of melodic house and melodic techno in the late 2010s and the early 2020s has led to a resurgence in clubs and festivals, blending progressive house with modern electronic textures. This ongoing duality within progressive house reflects its evolution, as the genre continues to exist in both its underground and mainstream forms, catering to different audiences within the electronic music landscape.

## Stylistic elements
### Progressive house

The progressive house sound of the early 1990s is characterized by a fusion of US house, UK house, Italian house, and techno influences. It features long tracks (typically 8–12 minutes) with evolving structures, subtle transitions, and layered melodies, creating a deep, hypnotic, and atmospheric experience on the dance floor. Intensity is added by the regular addition and subtraction of layers of sound. Phrases are typically 4, 8, or 16 bars long and often begin with a new or different melody or rhythm.

### Dark progressive house

In the early 2000s, dark progressive house emerged as a hypnotic and atmospheric evolution of progressive house, moving away from mainstream trends, characterized by deep basslines, intricate percussion, and dark synths.

### Mainstage progressive house

The 2010s mainstage progressive house style became more structured (4–6 minutes), favoring punchy kicks, bright supersaw leads, and anthemic melodies. Tracks follow a predictable build-break-drop format with massive energy shifts, often designed for festival crowds. The breakdowns were dramatic, leading to euphoric, explosive drops with sidechained synths and heavy reverb, making it more commercially oriented than its 90s counterpart.