# Ethan Gutmann

Ethan Gutmann (born September 13, 1958) is an American writer, researcher, author, and a senior research fellow in China Studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation whose work has investigated surveillance and organ harvesting in China.

## Early life and education

Gutmann was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Wallingford, Vermont. He has lived in Mexico and Israel.
Gutmann graduated from Cranbrook Boys' School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and earned a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of International Affairs at Columbia University.

## Investigations of China

Gutmann's writing on China includes two books, Losing the New China: A Story of American Commerce, Desire and Betrayal and The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem. He also co-authored an extensive report on China's annual transplant volume, Bloody Harvest/The Slaughter: An Update.
Gutmann has testified before the U.S. Congress, the European Parliament, and the United Nations.
He is a co-founder of the International Coalition to End Transplant Abuse in China (ETAC) and is a China Studies research fellow at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.

### Golden Shield surveillance

In 2011, two lawsuits citing Gutmann's work were filed in U.S. federal courts against Cisco Systems, alleging that its technology enabled the government of China to monitor, capture, and kill Chinese adherents of the Falun Gong new religious movement. Evidence of Cisco's activities in China had become public in Gutmann's book Losing the New China: A Story of American Commerce, Desire and Betrayal. In 2014, the federal district court in San Jose dismissed the case, saying the plaintiffs failed to prove that Cisco was aware of its products being used for oppression.

### Organ harvesting in China

From 2006, Gutmann wrote articles about organ harvesting. In 2012, "State Organs: Transplant Abuse in China", was published with essays from six medical professionals, David Matas and Gutmann.
Gutmann wrote that he interviewed over 100 witnesses including Falun Gong survivors, doctors, policemen, and camp administrators. He estimated that 65,000 Falun Gong practitioners were killed for their organs from 2000 to 2008, and that between 450,000 and 1 million Falun Gong practitioners were detained at any given time. Gutmann told the Toronto Star in 2014 that in total "the number of casualties is close to 100,000". While widely accepted by Congress, Gutmann's numbers were disputed by the Washington Post, which relied on methods assuming accurate reporting of drug production and use in China.
Gutmann was one of the key interviewees in Human Harvest, a 2014 Peabody Award winning documentary on organ harvesting in China, as well as the PBS documentary Hard to Believe (2015).
In August 2014, Gutmann wrote The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem, which described China's organ transplant business and its connection with internment camps and killing fields for arrested dissidents, especially the adherents of Falun Gong. The new book, which took seven years, was based on interviews with top-ranking police officials, former prisoners of conscience and Chinese doctors who killed prisoners on the operating table. Gutmann interviewed dissidents including of Falun Gong, Tibetans, Uyghurs and House Christians.
In 2016, Gutmann, David Kilgour, and David Matas authored an updated investigative report on China's organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience. The 700-page report contained information on transplant statistics sourced to Chinese hospitals' publications and other Chinese primary sources.
Gutmann has said that China is organ harvesting from Uyghurs in its prison camps in the Xinjiang region. In November 2020, Gutmann told Radio Free Asia that a hospital in Aksu, China, allowing local officials to streamline the organ harvesting process and provide a steady stream of harvested organs from Uyghurs. Gutmann told Haaretz that individuals detained in the Xinjiang internment camps "are being murdered and their organs harvested", that at least 25,000 Uyghurs are killed in Xinjiang for their organs each year, that crematoria have been built throughout the province to dispose of victims' bodies, and that China has created “fast lanes” for the movement of human organs in local airports. In Congressional testimony, Gutmann estimated that 2.5 to 5 percent of Uyghur detainees have been selected for organ harvesting in the camps. The estimate was used by Congressman Chris Smith in support of the Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2023.

## Controversies in Taiwan
### 2014 Taipei mayoral election

During the 2014 Taipei City mayoral election there was controversy about what Gutmann's book, The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem, published in August 2014, said about mayoral candidate Ko Wen-je, particularly that Ko had acted as an intermediary between mainland Chinese transplant hospitals and his Taiwanese patients. Gutmann stated he had not said that Ko was involved in the organ trade and that he might have been misinterpreted. On 27 November, Gutmann released a legal response with lawyer Clive Ansley, stating that "no English-speaking reader to date has understood for one moment that Dr. Ko was acting as an organ broker" and "Mr. Gutmann believes, and we think his book demonstrates, that Dr. Ko has acted honourably".
On 29 November, Ko won the election. A full explanation, including the actual email correspondence where Ko signed off on the story for publication, was provided by Gutmann in December.

### 2018 Taipei mayoral election

In the 2018 Taipei City mayoral election, there was a controversy regarding Gutmann's book and his statement in 2014. In a news conference in Taipei on 2 October 2018, Gutmann was asked if he had changed his mind about Ko, in which he answered “yes”. Gutmann showed a group photograph of Ko attending a conference on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation training in China and said Ko had told him he knew about organ harvesting of Falun Gong members in 2005, but Gutmann had discovered that the conference took place only three months before he interviewed Ko. “Dr. Ko did not say explicitly what he did in the mainland,” Gutmann said, adding that Ko did not tell him whether he was making money or arranging for patients to receive organ transplants in China. During the news conference, Gutmann was asked if said he thought Ko was a liar. He replied “yes”, was sued by Ko and was subpoenaed on 5 October 2018.
Before the publication of the book, Gutmann sent a letter to Ke Wenzhe to confirm that it was correct. Ke Wenzhe replied "The story seems OK" and "I can take responsibility for what I say". As a result of this disclosure the Taipei District Prosecutor's Office announced on 27 August 2020 that it would not prosecute due to insufficient charges. Ko Wenzhe then stated about Gutmann "You have come to Taiwan, so how come you have no intention of committing any crime?"

## Views
### Falun Gong issues

In 2012 Gutmann stated, "There is a long-standing taboo in the journalism community about Falun Gong, about this issue [organ harvesting]. To touch this issue is the Third Rail of journalism. If you touch it—if you are in Beijing, if you are based in China—you will not be given access to top leaders anymore."

### Uyghur issues

In 2021 Gutmann stated, “A woman gave a confidential interview where she described a health check in her camp followed by three women disappearing in the middle of the night over the next week. To rule out sexual slavery, I explained that I was going to ask her an impolite question: ‘were these women beautiful? Were they sexually attractive?’ She responded, ‘It is not nice to say this, but, no, they were not.’ ‘How would you describe them, then? Did they have anything in common?’ ‘They were healthy’, she replied.”

## Reception
### Books

Jay Nordlinger, a senior editor of National Review, wrote that Gutmann's 2004 book Losing the New China: A Story of American Commerce, Desire and Betrayal "was about the sordid relationship between the American business community and the Chinese Communist Party. Our businessmen accommodate themselves to the Communist Party, and turn a blind eye to persecution." Sometimes they even assist the persecution, as when Cisco and other technology companies devised special ways to monitor and arrest Falun Gong practitioners".
Nordlinger called Gutmann's 2014 book The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem "another atom bomb".

## Books

* Losing the New China: A Story of American Commerce, Desire, and Betrayal, (2004) ISBN 978-1893554832
* The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem, (2014) ISBN 978-1616149406

## Documentaries

Gutmann appeared in Transmission 6–10 (2009), Red Reign: The Bloody Harvest of China's Prisoners (2013), Human Harvest (2014) and Hard to Believe (2015)

## Awards

Gutmann's first book Losing the New China won the "Spirit of Tiananmen" award from the Visual Artists Guild, was listed as one of The New York Sun's "Books of the Year" and won the "Chan's Journalism Award". In 2017, Gutmann was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize, according to articles in Haaretz and The Journal.ie.