OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Knights Hospitaller invasion of Despotate of Arta

The Knights Hospitaller invasion of the Despotate of Arta was a military campaign conducted by the Knights Hospitaller, led by Grand Master Juan Fernández de Heredia. The campaign targeted the Despotate of Arta, ruled by Gjin Bua Shpata. The invasion was sanctioned by Pope Gregory XI.

## Background

In 1376–1377, Gjin Bua Shpata led a campaign to capture Nafpaktos (known as Lepanto in Italian), the last Angevin stronghold in Epirus. This action angered the Knights Hospitaller, as it threatened their interests in the region.

## Invasion

On March 27, 1378, Grand Master Juan Fernández de Heredia, accompanied by senior Hospitallers, condottieri, and their troops, set out, crossing Acarnania. They captured Nafpaktos (Lepanto), which had been taken by Gjin Bua Shpata the previous year, and then advanced toward the town of Vonitsa, which had been besieged by Albanian forces. Upon arriving, Heredia asserted the Knights Hospitaller's claim over the territory and waited for four months, expecting reinforcements from Spain, France, and northern Italy. However, these reinforcements never arrived, likely due to the death of Pope Gregory XI, who had originally sanctioned the invasion. His successor, Pope Urban VI, also failed to dispatch the needed reinforcements. During this time, only 800 knights managed to join Heredia's forces.
On August 23, Grand Master Heredia marched toward the Despotate’s capital, Arta, with a small group of Hospitallers. However, somewhere between Arta and Vonitsa, his forces were ambushed by Gjin Bua Shpata. The Hospitaller army was nearly annihilated, and many key commanders were killed. Heredia was captured and held for ransom. Afterward, Shpata recaptured Nafpaktos and sent a bishop named Matthew of Kernitza to the emperor and patriarch in Constantinople to inform them of his triumph. Vonitsa, however, remained under the control of the Tocco family, standing as the last surviving Latin foothold in Epirus.

## Aftermath

After capturing Heredia, Gjin Bua Shpata ransomed him to the Ottomans in the spring of 1379, receiving 8,000 florins.
# Institute of Space Propulsion

The Institute of Space Propulsion in Lampoldshausen is one of the eight research centers of the German Aerospace Center (DLR).
Approximately 220 people work there in the fields of research and tests of rocket engines. The main purpose of the facility is the operation of test stands for space propulsion on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA) and in cooperation with the European space industry.

## Test stands

The facility has a surface area of approximately 35 ha, on which are seven test stands.

### Test stand P1

At the altitude test stand P1 are tested small engines with a thrust up to 600 N. In particular, thrusters for Reaction Control Systems (RCS) and Apogee Kick Motors (AKM) fall in this category.

### Test stand P2

The test stand P2 is used for testing hypergolic engines with a thrust up to 100 kN under ground conditions.

### Test stand P3

The test stand P3 is a component test stand for cryogenic propellants. It was set up mainly for the development and tests of combustion chambers, in particular those of the Vulcain 1 and Vinci engines for the European launcher Ariane 5.

### Test stand P4 (P4.1 / P4.2)

The vacuum test stand P4 is composed of two test stands P4.1 and P4.2. Tests with the Aestus engine can be carried out at the P4.2 test stand, whereas the test stand P4.1 has been used for the Vinci upper stage engine.

### Test stand P5

The test stand P5 has been used for the development and the qualification of the Vulcain and Vulcain 2 engines. Today, it is mainly used to test engines in the frame of the ESA ARTA program.

### Test stand P6

The test stand P6 is an altitude test stand for cold gas thrusters.

### Test stand P8

In the frame of a German-French cooperation arose the idea to build a common European Research and Technology test stand P8. The partners SNECMA, Astrium, CNES and DLR made a start on this project in 1992. The main purpose of this test stand is the research about high pressure combustion of hydrogen and oxygen.
# Philipp Stolle

Philipp Stolle (1614 – 4 October 1675) was a German composer, tenor and theorbo player of the Baroque era.
Stolle was born in 1614 at Radeburg. He was a pupil of Caspar Kittel. He worked for many years at the Dresden court of Johann Georg I, Elector of Saxony, while Heinrich Schütz was Kapellmeister there. On 16 January 1649 Stolle married Anna Maria Krätzschmar.
At the request of the Dresden court poet David Schirmer, Stolle produced musical settings for 68 of Schirmer's poems, published in 1654 as the songbook Singende Rosen Oder Liebes-und Tugend-Lieder. The settings were for soprano, theorbo or viola da gamba, and basso continuo. Schirmer also included 51 of the songs from Singende Rosen in his famous 1657 collection Poetische Rosen-Gepüsche.
Eventually Stolle was transferred into a new ensemble at court, under the musical direction of Giovanni Andrea Bontempi. This was set up by the Elector's son, the future Johann Georg II, in response to the chronic decline of his father's Kapelle. However, in 1653, Stolle wrote to Johann Georg II asking to be released, pointing out that after 21 years of service at Dresden, his annual salary of 300 thaler was still not enough for him to provide for his family. By then he and his wife had three children.
In 1654, Stolle finally left Dresden, for the court of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels at Halle, where he succeeded Samuel Scheidt as Kapellmeister. There he seems to have composed a number of Singspiel operas, although only one survives, Charimunda (1658, Halle). In 1660 he yielded the position of Kapellmeister at Halle to David Pohle, but apparently continued composing operas there, and subsequently went on to work at the secundogeniture court at Saxe-Weissenfels. He died at Halle on 4 October 1675.
# Capture of Leiria (1137)

The Capture of Leiria was a military engagement between the Almoravids and the Portuguese in the fort of Leiria. The Almoravids were victorious and sacked Leiria.

## History

After the last attack on Coimbra, the outer fortifications were destroyed by the Almoravids. They were abandoned for some time. To stop the Almoravid attack on Portugal. The Portuguese count, Afonso Henriques, decided to build the fortress of Leiria near the Nabão River, to support the defenses of Coimbra. The construction of this fort began in December 1135. It was the southernmost fortress which also served as a base of operations against lisbon and Sintra. After its construction, Afonso appointed Paio Guterres, a dedicated knight known for his exploits. Paio made daring raids into Muslim territories, causing destruction.
While the Portuguese count was campaigning in Galicia, the Almoravids and the Andalusians, gathered their forces and launched a campaign against Leiria in 1137. The Almoravids laid siege to the fort. The Portuguese garrison defended themselves bravely, however, they weren't able to push back the Almoravids. Leiria was captured and over 250 knights and men-at-arms were killed. Paio was able to escape the disaster. A Portuguese force came to the aid of the besieged. They advanced in the Nabão River to disrupt the Almoravid activities. However, the relief force was routed and forced to retreat.
Reports of the loss created a shock in Portugal. The Portuguese count was forced to abandon his campaign in Galicia, made peace with the Leonese, and returned to the south to avenge the defeat at Leiria, making preparations for a campaign against the Almoravids. Leiria was rebuilt later on but on 1140, it was destroyed again by the Almoravids.
# MV Morocco Sun

MV Morocco Sun is a passenger vessel built for British Railways in 1979.

## History

The MV Galloway Princess was built in 1979 by Harland & Wolff, Belfast for Sealink (although chartered from IBOS Finance Ltd). She was built specifically to serve on the Larne to Stranraer route. She measured 12,175 Gross Register Tons, and fitted with two Pielstick 16PC2V diesel engines could achieve a speed of 19 knots. She could carry 1,000 passengers and 280 cars. She was employed on the Larne to Stranraer service from 1 May 1980.
In July 1984 she was registered to Sea Containers Ltd.
In May 1990 she was sold to Stena Line and in February 1991 they renamed her Stena Galloway.
Stena sold her in 2002 to the International Maritime Transport Corporation, Morocco and she was renamed Le Rif. There was an onboard fire on 22 April 2008 at Algeciras, Spain.
# Eeva Kuuskoski

Eeva Maija Kaarina Kuuskoski (born 4 October 1946) is a Finnish politician and physician. She was Member of the Parliament of Finland for Finland Proper from 1979 to 1995 and Minister of Social Affairs and Health from 1983 to 1987 and again from 1991 to 1992.

## Career

Kuuskoski worked as a physician before being elected to the Parliament in 1979. Initially a member of the National Coalition Party, she switched to the Centre Party in 1980. She ran for Leader of the Centre Party in 1990 but was defeated by Esko Aho. Kuuskoski resigned from the Aho Cabinet in 1992 to protest against public spending cuts. In 1994, she ran for President of Finland as an independent candidate, receiving 2.6 per cent of the popular vote in the first round.
In 1995, Kuuskoski left politics to work for the Mannerheim League for Child Welfare and was appointed its general secretary in 1998. In 2007, she was removed from office after she had been convicted of assaulting Helena Molander, an employee of the Mannerheim League. Since 2015, Kuuskoski has been chairwoman of the Pensioner Alliance.

## Personal life

In 1973, Kuuskoski married Member of Parliament Juha Vikatmaa who committed suicide next year. In 1991, she married journalist Pentti Manninen and gave birth to a daughter.
# Williams Block

The Williams Block is a historic commercial building at 183-187 Water Street in downtown Augusta, Maine. Built in 1862, it is the only remaining building south of Bridge Street to survive a devastating 1865 fire, and one of a small number of surviving commercial buildings (of many) designed by Francis H. Fassett. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## Description and history

The Williams Block stands on the east side of Water Street, Augusta's principal downtown thoroughfare, a short way south of its junction with Bridge Street. It is a three-story brick building, six bays wide, with a flat roof and projecting cornice. The ground floor is divided into two storefronts, each with a recessed entry and large display windows; one of them also has an original broad band of transom windows above. The upper floor bays are divided into groups of three, articulated by pilasters. The windows are set in rounded-arch openings, with keystoned molded hoods, and bracketed lintels that are joined together within each group.
The block was designed by Francis H. Fassett, then Maine's leading architect. It was built for Reuel Williams, then one of Augusta's leading businessmen and politicians. Although Fassett designed many buildings in Augusta, many of the commercial ones were destroyed in the 1865 fire, and this is the only one to survive. Fassett is credited with several early post-fire buildings in Water Street, some of which are located across the street from this one.
# Charles Dealtry Locock

Charles Dealtry Locock (27 September 1862 – 13 May 1946) was a British literary scholar, editor and translator, who wrote on a wide array of subjects, including chess, billiards and croquet. He translated numerous Swedish plays and books of poetry.

## Life and career

Charles Dealtry Locock was born September 27, 1862, in Brighton, England. He was educated at Winchester College and Oxford University and then published several works on the romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. He was a skilled chess player, winning the British Amateur Championship in 1887 and writing extensively on the game. From 1904 until 1915 he was the editor of the Croquet Association Gazette. Locock translated several Swedish authors, including the poets Esaias Tegnér and Gustaf Fröding and the playwright August Strindberg. His translation of the Strindberg play "The Dance of Death" was used in the 1969 film adaptation starring Laurence Olivier. He died May 13, 1946, in London.
C. D. Locock and his American contemporary, Charles Wharton Stork, published several volumes of Swedish poetry in translation. Among the authors they covered were Gustaf Fröding, Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Birger Sjöberg and August Strindberg.

## Selected works

* Side and Screw 1901
* Modern Croquet Tactics 1907
* Olympian Echoes 1908
* The Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley 1911
* 120 Chess Problems and Puzzles 1912

## Selected translations

* Thirty-two passages from the Iliad 1922
* Thirty-two passages from the Odyssey 1923
* Fritiof's Saga by Esaias Tegnér 1924
* Guitar and Concertina by Gustaf Fröding 1925
* Modern Swedish Poetry Pt. 1 1929
* Easter and other plays by August Strindberg 1929
* Lucky Peter's Travels and other plays by August Strindberg 1930
* Master Olof and other plays by August Strindberg 1931
* Modern Swedish Poetry Pt. 2 1936
# Pubblico

Pubblico was an Italian daily newspaper briefly published in Italy between September and December 2012.

## History

Pubblico was first published on 18 September 2012. The founders were Luca Telese who was also its editor and a group of fellow journalists. The paper was a full-colour left-wing publication. The graphics and logo of the paper were similar to French paper Libération. Pubblico's slogan was "Not funded by public money".
Following the launch the publication failed to reach to break-even of an average of 9600 copies sold, and the publisher went immediately in financial difficulties. After a failed attempt to recapitalize the publisher company in order to save it, Pubblico ceased the publication on 31 December 2012.

## Editorial staff
### Editors

* Luca Telese (2012)

### Columnists

* Luca Telese
* Federico Mello
* Manolo Fuce
* Francesca Fornario
* Stefania Podda
* Stella Prudente
* Fabio Luppino
* Roberto Brunelli
* Tommaso Labate
* Ritanna Armeni
* Giancarlo Padovan
* Corrado Formigli
# Korg: 70,000 B.C.

Korg: 70,000 B.C. is a 30-minute Saturday morning live-action television series created by Fred Freiberger and produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions; it was broadcast on ABC from September 7, 1974, to August 30, 1975.

## Plot

Korg featured the adventures of a family of Neanderthals during the Ice Age. It was intended to be educational, and was based on the best then-current research about Neanderthal life; however, some situations had to be watered down for a young audience. Actor Burgess Meredith supplied the narration.

## Cast

* Burgess Meredith as the narrator
* Jim Malinda as Korg
* Bill Ewing as Bok
* Naomi Pollack as Mara
* Christopher Man as Tane
* Charles Morteo as Tor
* Janelle Pransky as Ree

## Production

The American Museum of Natural History and The Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History served as consultants to the series.
The series was one of three "serious" programs ABC aired on its Saturday morning slate in 1974, along with the animated family dramas Devlin and These Are The Days. All three shows were failures in the ratings and were cancelled by January 1975 (although Korg continued in re-runs through August).

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Original release date |
| 1 | "The Blind Hunter" | September 7, 1974 (1974-09-07) |
| 2 | "The Exile" | September 14, 1974 (1974-09-14) |
| 3 | "The Big Water" | September 21, 1974 (1974-09-21) |
| 4 | "The Eclipse of the Sun" | September 28, 1974 (1974-09-28) |
| 5 | "Trapped" | October 5, 1974 (1974-10-05) |
| 6 | "The Story of Lumi" | October 12, 1974 (1974-10-12) |
| 7 | "The Running Fight" | October 19, 1974 (1974-10-19) |
| 8 | "The Beach People" | October 26, 1974 (1974-10-26) |
| 9 | "The Ancient One" | November 2, 1974 (1974-11-02) |
| 10 | "Tor's First Hunt" | November 9, 1974 (1974-11-09) |
| 11 | "Magic Claws" | November 16, 1974 (1974-11-16) |
| 12 | "The Hill People" | November 23, 1974 (1974-11-23) |
| 13 | "The River" | November 30, 1974 (1974-11-30) |
| 14 | "The Web" | December 7, 1974 (1974-12-07) |
| 15 | "The Picture Maker" | December 14, 1974 (1974-12-14) |
| 16 | "Ree and the Wolf" | December 21, 1974 (1974-12-21) |
| 17 | "Bok Loses Courage" | December 28, 1974 (1974-12-28) |
| 18 | "Moving Rock" | January 4, 1975 (1975-01-04) |
| 19 | "The Guide" | January 18, 1975 (1975-01-18) |

## Home media

The complete series was released by Warner Archive on December 11, 2012.

## Merchandise

A board game of the same title was produced by the US toy company Milton Bradley as a direct tie-in. Charlton Comics published a Korg comic book from May 1975 to November 1976 (well after the show had left the air). The series was written and drawn by Pat Boyette, and lasted nine issues.
# Vereker Monteith Hamilton

Vereker Monteith Hamilton (14 February 1856 – 1931 Cowden, Kent) was a Scottish artist of military and historical works.
He was born in Hafton, Argyll a son of Lieut. Col. Christian Monteith Hamilton of the 92nd Highlanders, and brother of British general Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton. His mother Corinna Vereker, daughter of John Vereker, 3rd Viscount Gort, died when he was born. He followed his brother to Wellington College in 1871–73, and was destined for the army, and travelled to Dresden in 1873 to spend time with Colonel Drammers. However, he chose a career in art instead, following several years in Ceylon from 1873 to 1883 where he grew coffee. He studied art under Alphonse Legros at the Slade School where he won a prize in 1886 for landscape painting. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1886 onwards and at the Paris Salon, Glasgow and at the Grosvenor Gallery. He travelled to India in 1886 and spent a good deal of time there visiting Simla and Kashmir. In late 1893 he was living in Kilberry, Tarbert, Argyllshire.
Hamilton's military works focused primarily on contemporary events such as Piper Findlater at Dargai and the Tirah campaigns. He exhibited two paintings of the latter campaign entitled Missing and Afridis. His painting of Peiwar Kotal was inspired by a conversation with Lord Roberts who encouraged Hamilton to paint the scene. Another picture from the Second Afghan War depicted The 92nd at Kandahar, but he considered it a "shocking bit of work", and after its exhibition at the Royal Academy, repainted it with a number of new figures; it was exhibited again under its new title Macpherson's Brigade at Kandahar. In 1899, he returned to the subject with his Royal Academy piece Sniping the rear guard. During the First World War, the artist who was a conscientious objector served with the British Red Cross.
He married Miss Lilian Swainson, granddaughter of ornithologist William Swainson, and died at Cowden, Kent in 1931 aged 76. He had three children; Ian, Marjorie (who married Felix Warre) and Janet (who married diplomat Alexander Wigram Allen Leeper, son of the educationalist Alexander Leeper and grandson of Sir George Wigram Allen). Hamilton published an autobiography in 1925 entitled Things that Happened.

## Paintings

* A Forlorn Hope: Peninsula 1810 (1896) (South African National Gallery, Cape Town)
* The attack on the Peiwar Kotal (1891 (National Army Museum)
* An Ambuscade: an incident of the last Afghan campaign (1893) (Gordon Highlanders)
* After the attack on Sherpur (1893)
* A Shot at Daybreak: Kashmir (1894)
* The Forlorn Hope at Badajoz
* The Storming of the Kashmir Gate at Delhi (Private collection)
* Study for 'The Storming of the Kashmir Gate, Delhi' (Bugler Hawthorne) (Wellington College, Berkshire)
* Macpherson's Brigade assaulting Pir Paimal &c. (Royal Regiment of Scotland, Gordon Highlanders)
* Sniping the rear guard (North-West Frontier) (1897)
* Quatre Bras (1897) (Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa)
* Piper Findlater at Dargai (1898 – Gordon Highlanders Museum, Aberdeen)
* The Airship flown by Captain Neville Usborne, R.N. (Imperial War Museum)
# Gustavo Sá

Gustavo Filipe Alves Freitas Azevedo Sá (born 11 November 2004) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for the Primeira Liga club Famalicão.

## Club career

Born in Póvoa de Varzim, Porto District, Sá is a youth product of Academia Elite Sport, Porto and Famalicão. On 19 October 2019, he was promoted to Famalicão's U19 squad at the age of 16 and signed a professional contract until 2024. On 3 June 2022, he started training with the first team and he was handed a contract extension until 2025. He made his professional and senior debut with Famalicão as a late substitute in a 3–0 Primeira Liga loss to Braga on 12 August 2022.

## International career

Sá is a youth international for Portugal, having been called up to the Portugal U19s.

## Honours

Individual
* Primeira Liga Goal of the Month: August 2024
# Williams Bridge

The Williams Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge built in 1884, located in southern Indiana.

## Location

The Williams Bridge is situated in Spice Valley Township in Lawrence County, Indiana, spanning the East Fork of the White River on Huron and Williams Road, south of State Road 450. It is located near the unincorporated town of Williams, approximately two miles downriver from the Williams Dam and eight miles southwest of Bedford.

## Construction

The bridge features a Howe Truss design and was constructed in 1884 by Joseph 'J.J.' Daniels. It consists of two spans totalling 373 feet (114 m) in length, with a deck width of 14.7 feet (4.5 m) and a vertical clearance of 19.2 feet (5.9 m) above the deck.

## History

In 1981, the bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. At the time, it was the longest covered bridge in Indiana still open to vehicular traffic. However, the bridge was closed to traffic on September 20, 2010. Although the Medora Bridge in Jackson County, at 434 feet (132 m), remains the longest covered bridge in the state, it has been closed to all but pedestrian traffic since 1972.