OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Acid test

An acid test is a qualitative chemical or metallurgical assay utilizing acid. Historically, it often involved the use of a robust acid to distinguish gold from base metals. Figuratively, the term represents any definitive test for attributes, such as gauging a person's character or evaluating a product's performance.

## Chemistry

Testing for gold with acid capitalizes on gold's status as a noble metal, resistant to corrosion, oxidation, or acid. The procedure includes rubbing the gold-colored item on black stone, leaving a visible mark. The mark undergoes scrutiny by applying nitric acid, which dissolves the mark of any item not gold, stainless steel, zinc, tungsten, aluminum, platinum, or palladium. If the mark persists, further testing involves aqua regia (nitric acid and hydrochloric acid). If the mark dissolves, the item proves to be genuine gold. More precise assessment of fineness or purity is achieved using varying strengths of aqua regia and comparative testing against known fineness.

## Geology

In geological applications, detecting the presence of calcite or other forms of calcium carbonate in alkaline soils or during lithological analysis involves using dilute hydrochloric acid and observing effervescence.

## Figurative meanings

The figurative usage of the expression gained popularity during and after the California Gold Rush, but had currency even before then. An example from the Wisconsin paper The Columbia Reporter, November 1845, illustrates this: "Twenty-four years of service demonstrates his ability to stand the acid test, as Gibson’s Soap Polish has done for over thirty years."
Other instances of the figurative use of the phrase include websites like Acid1, Acid2, and Acid3, designed to test web browsers for compliance with current web standards. Financial analysts also employ the "acid test" nickname for the quick ratio method, which assesses the liquidity of a business.
The term "acid test" took on a different meaning in the realm of experiences with the psychedelic drug LSD, popularized by the Merry Pranksters. This association stems from the drug's colloquial name, "acid" (which chemically it indeed was).
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalookan

The Diocese of Kalookan is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in Metro Manila, Philippines which comprises Malabon, Navotas, and the southern portion of Caloocan.

## History

The Diocese was created by Pope John Paul II on June 28, 2003 through his apostolic letter Quoniam Quaelibet. The diocese was canonically erected on August 22, 2003, with the installation of its first bishop, Deogracias S. Iñiguez, then Bishop of Iba, Zambales. Upon Iñiguez's resignation on January 25, 2013, Antipolo Auxiliary Bishop Francisco M. De Leon was named Apostolic Administrator of the diocese. On October 14, 2015, Pope Francis named Pablo Virgilio S. David, auxiliary bishop of Archdiocese of San Fernando in Pampanga, as the second bishop of Kalookan and installed on January 2, 2016.
On October 6, 2024, Pope Francis appointed Bishop David a cardinal effective on December 7, 2024. He is the tenth Filipino to join the College of Cardinals, the third Filipino made a cardinal by Pope Francis, the first cardinal from Diocese of Kalookan, and the first cardinal from any diocese in the Philippines. On October 23, the Synod of Bishops elected David a member of the Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod.

## Statistics

As of 2021, there are approximately 1,330,840 people in the diocese, with ~89% of them (~1,184,000) being baptized Catholics, and there are 76 priests (40 diocesan and 36 religious) serving 31 parishes. The average number of baptisms in a year between the years 2003-05 was 680. The two prominent Christian religions in the diocese next to Catholicism are the Philippine Independent Church (IFI, Aglipayan) and Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ).

## Ordinaries

| Bishop | Bishop | Bishop | Period in Office | Coat of Arms |
| 1. | | Deogracias S. Iñiguez, Jr. | August 22, 2003 – January 25, 2015 (11 years, 156 days) | |
| 2. | | Pablo Virgilio S. Cardinal David | January 2, 2016 – present (9 years, 64 days) | |
# Feodor Lark

Feodor Lark (born June 20, 1997) is a Russian-born former television actor, known for his role as Bridgette DuBois in the NBC/CBS television series Medium.

## Early and personal life

Lark was born Maria Lark in Siberia, Russia on June 20, 1997. He was adopted by an American woman named Peggy Lark.
In May 2021, Lark came out as transgender on his social media accounts, specified his preferred gender as he/him, and revealed his new name, Feodor.

## Career

Between 2005 and 2011, beginning at age eight, Lark played Bridgette DuBois, the middle child of the DuBois family, on the NBC/CBS television drama Medium, starring Patricia Arquette. On September 3, 2006, Lark became the youngest person ever to co-host ABC's The View.
In 2007, Lark made two appearances on The View. He appeared in a music video for the Norah Jones song, "Sunrise". Access Hollywood also chose Lark as their correspondent as well.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2005–2011 | Medium | Bridgette DuBois |
| 2008 | Surviving Sid | Aardvark Girl (Cindy) |
| 2012 | Kirby Buckets | Dawn Buckets |
# Dinon

Dinon or Deinon (Greek Δίνων or Δείνων) of Colophon (fl. c. 360 – 340 BC) was a Greek historian and chronicler, the author of a history of Persia, many fragments of which survive. The Suda mistakenly attributes this work to Dio Cassius. He was the father of the historian Cleitarchus.
He wrote a history of Persia titled "The Persian Affairs" of which only a few fragments have survived. He took the history of the near East from where Ctesias left off. While indulging in the taste for the low, his history of Persia was held in considerably more regard than that author's Persica.
His narrative began with the era of the legendary Queen Semiramis and concluded with the Persian reconquest of Egypt. Besides historical events, he described the customs and traditions of the Persians, as well as the luxury, privileges and hierarchy of the court of the Great King. His work also included references to myths, fantastical stories and erotic details. Deinon's work supplemented and expanded the similar and earlier work of Ctesias, divided, like Ctesias', into three parts (Assyriaca, Medica, and Persica).
In antiquity, Deinon was considered a notable author and a reliable source for Persian history, according to the Roman biographer Cornelius Nepos. Plutarch used him as a primary source for his "Life of Artaxerxes," and also mentioned him in the "Life of Themistocles."
Deinon was also referenced by Athenaeus and Pliny the Elder. It is speculated that Cleitarchus drew much information from his father's historical work when writing his own history of Alexander the Great.
# The Serpent (2006 film)

The Serpent (French title: Le Serpent) is a 2006 French thriller film written and directed by Éric Barbier and based on the 1971 novel Plender by Ted Lewis.

## Plot

A father on the verge of divorce sees his life fall apart after a former classmate brings murder, kidnapping and blackmail into his life. His only chance to escape is by entering the former classmate's world.

## Cast

* Yvan Attal as Vincent Mandel
* Clovis Cornillac as Joseph Plender
* Minna Haapkylä as Hélène
* Pierre Richard as Cendras
* Simon Abkarian as Sam
* Olga Kurylenko as Sofia
* Veronika Varga as Catherine
* Jean-Claude Bouillon as Max
* Pierre Marzin as Carbona
* Gerald Laroche as Becker
* Abdelhafid Metalsi as Police Officer at the cemetery
* Manon Tournier as Julietter
# Go2DaMoon

"Go2DaMoon" is a song by American rapper Playboi Carti, featuring fellow American rapper Kanye West. It was released through AWGE and Interscope Records as the second track from Carti's second studio album, Whole Lotta Red, on December 25, 2020. The song was written by Playboi Carti and Kanye West, alongside producers Wheezy and Outtatown.
The song was one of four tracks from Whole Lotta Red to debut on both the Billboard Hot 100 and the Rolling Stone Top 100, accumulating 6.4 million streams that week.

## Background

The song was first teased by Carti on November 24, 2020, when he posted a video of himself dancing to the song in studio, while thanking ASAP Bari. The song lasts just under two minutes, opening with West's verse, which was considered to be reminscent and nostalgic of his older work. It was produced by Outtatown and Wheezy, who revealed via Instagram that his production tag was removed from the song.

## Reception

HipHopDX and HotNewHipHop both reported how Whole Lotta Red received a "lukewarm" reception from listeners upon its release, however, some praise was aimed at West's verse on "Go2DaMoon", considered a "redeeming quality" on the album. Attention was also geared toward West's line about Jesus, due to Whole Lotta Red being perceived to have Satanic connotations, stemming from the album's merch, which features inverted crosses, among other imagery. Uproxx's Aaron Williams found West's verse to be uninspiring, while in their album review, Pitchfork's Paul A. Thompson felt it, along with Kid Cudi and Future's appearances, "should have been left on a hard drive somewhere". NPR's Latesha Harris named it a standout track from the album.

## Commercial performance

The song was one of four tracks from Whole Lotta Red to debut on both the Billboard Hot 100 and the Rolling Stone Top 100, accumulating 6.3 million streams that week.

## Charts

| Chart (2021) | Peak position |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 86 |
| Global 200 (Billboard) | 150 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 4 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 82 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 30 |
| US Rolling Stone Top 100 | 76 |
# West Orchard

West Orchard is a small village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England. It is situated in the Blackmore Vale in the Dorset administrative district, approximately halfway between the towns of Shaftesbury and Sturminster Newton. It is separated from the adjacent settlement of East Orchard by a stream. In 2013 the civil parish had an estimated population of 50. For local government purposes the parish is grouped with the parishes of East Orchard and Margaret Marsh, to form a Group Parish Council.
St Luke's Church was rebuilt in 1876–77 to the designs of Thomas Henry Wyatt, but the chancel is 15th-century.

## Etymology

The name of West Orchard is first attested in a charter of 939 (surviving in a fifteenth-century copy), in the form Archet. The name derives from the Common Brittonic words that survive in modern Welsh as ar ("on") and coed ("wood"), and thus the name once meant "at the wood". Its modern form shows assimilation to the English noun orchard through folk-etymology.$^{:295}$ The element West was added to the name later when the settlement became distinct from East Orchard.
# Max Monroe: Loose Cannon

Max Monroe: Loose Cannon is an American television drama series. It ran one season.
Created by Dean Hargrove and Joel Steiger, it ran on the CBS Television Network from January 5, 1990 to April 19, 1990. The show centered around a Los Angeles Police Department detective with unconventional methods, who always manages to "get his man". The theme song was performed by Yello.

## Cast of characters

* Detective Max Monroe--Shadoe Stevens
* Detective Charlie Evers--Bruce A. Young
* Captain Farraday--David Schramm
* Loretta Evers--Arnetia Walker

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| 1 | "Legacy" | Unknown | Unknown | January 5, 1990 (1990-01-05) |
| 2 | "Ransom" | John Nicolella | Story by : Stephen Katz Teleplay by : Chris Hayward & Stephen Katz | January 12, 1990 (1990-01-12) |
| 3 | "Voices" | James A. Contner | Story by : Brian Clemens & Phil Mishkin Teleplay by : Phil Mishkin | January 19, 1990 (1990-01-19) |
| 4 | "Freaks" | Christopher Hibler | Story by : Brian Clemens & Ted Mann Teleplay by : William Conway | January 26, 1990 (1990-01-26) |
| 5 | "Tricks" | Dan Attias | Brian Clemens | April 5, 1990 (1990-04-05) |
| 6 | "Flashback" | Christopher Hibler | Story by : Dean Hargrove & Joel Steiger Teleplay by : Dean Hargrove | April 12, 1990 (1990-04-12) |
| 7 | "Flashback" | Christopher Hibler | Story by : Dean Hargrove & Joel Steiger Teleplay by : Dean Hargrove | April 12, 1990 (1990-04-12) |
| 8 | "Felonious Monk" | Christopher Hibler | Story by : Brian Clemens & William Conway Teleplay by : William Conway | April 19, 1990 (1990-04-19) |
# Catch the Throne

Catch the Throne is a two-volume mixtape. The first volume was released digitally on March 7, 2014, and on CD on March 28, 2014, as a free mix tape that features various rap artists to help promote the HBO series Game of Thrones. The albums feature hip hop artists including Snoop Dogg, Ty Dolla $ign, Common, Wale, Daddy Yankee, as well as music by Ramin Djawadi from the show and some voices from the show.

## Reception

The album received mostly mixed reviews from critics and fans alike.

## Track listing
### Volume I

To help promote the series to a broader audience including multicultural urban youth, HBO commissioned an album of rap songs dedicated to Game of Thrones. Entitled Catch the Throne, it was published for free on SoundCloud on March 7, 2014.

### Volume II

A second volume of songs was released in March 2015, prior to the beginning of the fifth season of Game of Thrones. This volume again consisted of songs from hip-hop artists, but this time also included contributions from several heavy metal bands. It was released as a free download on iTunes and SoundCloud.
# Andreas Bernard

Andreas Bernard (born 9 June 1990) is an Italian professional ice hockey goaltender who currently plays for HC Pustertal Wölfe of the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL).
In the ranks of SaiPa and HC Ässät, "Andy" played in Finland for 10 seasons and he holds the record for most games played as a foreign goaltender in the Liiga, the highest level league in Finland, with 216 regular season games played. Bernard speaks fluent Finnish. He is a one-time Italian champion.
He has played with the Italian national team in 10 IIHF World Championships.
# Super Monkey Ball 3D

Super Monkey Ball 3D is a platform party game, part of the Super Monkey Ball game series. It was developed and published by Sega for the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console. Players can either use the Circle Pad or the internal gyroscope of the Nintendo 3DS to navigate AiAi and the others so they can collect as many bananas as possible within the time limit as in previous games in the series.

## Gameplay

Super Monkey Ball 3D supports three full-featured gameplay modes: traditional Super Monkey Ball puzzles, "Monkey Race" in which players race each other in frantic car battles, and "Monkey Fight" in which players fight each other in manic brawls. The latter two modes, Monkey Race and Monkey Fight, can be played via wireless connection with up to four players locally.
It was originally released on March 3, 2011 in Japan. It was later released as a launch title on March 25, March 27 and March 31 of the same year in Europe, North America and Australia, respectively. Sega has also released the game as the downloadable title for the Nintendo eShop in Europe and North America on April 3, 2014.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 55/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Eurogamer | 4/10 |
| Game Informer | 6/10 |
| GameSpot | 5/10 |
| GamesRadar+ | |
| IGN | 7.5/10 |
| Nintendo Life | |
| Nintendo World Report | 3/10 |
| Pocket Gamer | |
| VideoGamer.com | 5/10 |
Super Monkey Ball 3D received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator website Metacritic. Audrey Drake of IGN gave the game 7.5/10, praising the gameplay and story, but she criticized Monkey Race for being a "rip-off of Mario Kart with clunky controls", and Monkey Fight for "being a rip-off of Super Smash Bros. with clunky controls". Chris Schilling of Eurogamer gave the game a 4/10. Review aggregator Metacritic gave the game 55/100 based on 57 reviews.
# National Alliance Party for Unity

The National Alliance's Party for Unity (Parti de l’Alliance Nationale pour l’Unité) is a centrist political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, founded in 2003. The leader of the party is former finance minister Dr. André-Philippe Futa who had a long career in the African Development Bank. During his term as Finance Minister, Futa had been elected Chairman of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.
It supported incumbent President Joseph Kabila in the 2006 presidential elections and won four National Assembly seats in the general elections held the same day, along with a seat in the Senate.

## Co-founding members

* Sylvain Joël Bifuila
* Justin Kalumba Mwana Ngongo
* Joseph Futa Mbombo
* Christine Kayiba
* Jean-Marie Makamba Wanketa
* Marcel Kiadi
* Bosch Makasa Boshimpa
* Jean-Pierre Mukwanga Mabala
* Jean-Marie Phanzu
* Thomas Bolifa Bumamampia
* Célestine Bakemba Nsa
* Jean-Pierre Minaida Kpasia III
* Dr. Kasay Mingashanga
* Dr. Serge Mpiana Tshipambe
* Christian Tambi Bayene
* Philémon Balinabo
* Faustin Mulambu Mvuluya
* Pascaline Ndoole Bindu
* Musafiri Ngahangondi
* Sylvain Mbalibukira
* Florien Tambwe Lukanda
* Joseph Kalala Ntumba
* Kimanda Kibangula
* Pacifique Byeka Sanda
* Nyembo Zacharie Lumwanga
* Aubert Kasilembo
# X's and O's

X's and O's, Exes and Ohs, Ex's and Oh's, and other variants in spelling of that phrase may refer to:

## Music

* "Ex's and Oh's" (Atreyu song), 2006
* "Ex's & Oh's", a 2014 song by Elle King
* "XXX's and OOO's (An American Girl)", a 1994 song by Trisha Yearwood

## Multimedia

* Exes & Ohs, a 2007 Canadian/American cable TV series
* X's and O's (film), a 2007 film starring Clayne Crawford
* Podcast presented by Dennis Xhaët
# 2008 San Juan, Puerto Rico, mayoral election

San Juan, Puerto Rico, held an election for mayor on November 4, 2008. Among other elections, it was held concurrently with the 2008 Puerto Rico gubernatorial election. It saw the reelection incumbent mayor Jorge Santini, a member of the New Progressive Party, to a third consecutive term.

## Results

San Juan mayoral election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | New Progressive | Jorge A. Santini Padilla (incumbent) | 96,444 | 51.96 |
| | Popular Democratic | Ferdinand Pérez Román | 84,109 | 45.31 |
| | Independence | Luis Roberto Piñero González | 5,066 | 2.73 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 185,619 | 100 |
# William Hickman House

The William Hickman House located at 31 West Hickman Street, is a brick house in Winchester, the county seat of Clark County, Kentucky. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
Its brick on the west facade is laid in Flemish bond; it is common bond elsewhere.
Built by John Couchman in 1814, it was originally intended to be a tavern, but before he opened it, it was bought by local cabinet maker William Hickman. Six generations of Hickmans lived in the house, which remained a residence until it was bought by the Clark County Bank in 1982. In 1990 it was bought by Dykeman & Rosenthal, a law firm in Winchester.
# Valery Korolenkov

Valery Ivanovich Korolenkov (Russian: Валерий Иванович Короленков; born 17 May 1939; died 10 December 2007) was a Soviet Russian footballer.

## Honours

* Soviet Top League winner: 1959, 1963.

## International career

He earned five caps for the USSR national football team and participated in the 1964 European Nations' Cup, where the Soviets were the runners-up.
# Arctic foothills tundra

The Arctic foothills tundra is an ecoregion of the far north of North America, lying inland from the north coast of Alaska. It is a permafrost tundra with an average annual temperature below freezing.

## Setting

This is a hilly area that lies between the boggier Arctic coastal tundra to the north and the Brooks Range to the south, and stretching from the Chukchi Sea east across northern Alaska to the border with Canada's Yukon Territory. The Noatak River valley is the only forested area.

## Flora

The main vegetation is the scrubby cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), stiff sedge (Carex bigelowii) and shrubs such as Betula nana, Empetrum nigrum, Rhododendron subarcticum, and the berry Vaccinium vitis-idaea.

## Fauna

The Colville River is a migration route for wildlife including moose, and a breeding area for gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, and rough-legged hawks. The ecoregion is also home to a number of waterbirds. Mammals include the large ungulates moose (Alces alces) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus), the predators brown bear (Ursus arctos) and wolf (Canis lupus) breed here, while smaller mammals include Alaskan hare (Lepus othus) and Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryi).

## Threats and preservation

This ecoregion is unspoilt except that it is crossed by the Dalton Highway and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, which can disrupt migratory behaviour of some wildlife. The east end of the ecoregion is part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
# Ho Wang Lee

Ho Wang Lee (26 October 1928 – 5 July 2022) was a South Korean physician, epidemiologist, and virologist. He was the first person in the history of medicine to be the one chiefly responsible for all 3 of the following steps: (1) discovery of the virus causing a human disease, (2) development of a method of diagnosis for the disease, and (3) development of a vaccine against the disease.

## Biography

Lee was born in Sinhung, Kankyōnan-dō (South Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan on 26 October 1928. He studied medicine at Seoul National University with an M.D. degree in 1954 and was awarded a doctorate at the University of Minnesota in 1959. From 1954 to 1972 he was a professor of microbiology at the Medical College of Seoul National University, as well as dean of the Medical College. From 1972 to 1994 he was the director of the Department of Virology of Korea University. From 1994 to his death he was the director of the ASAN Institute for Life Sciences in South Korea.
In 1976 Lee and his collaborators succeeded in isolating the virus causing Korean hemorrhagic fever; they gave it the name Hantaan virus. The discovery caused a sensation in the international community of medical researchers, because the quest for isolating the virus had been the subject of intense effort since the early 1950s. The research involved in isolating the virus was dangerous, and several of Lee's collaborators became ill due to aerosols produced by chronically infected rodents.
In 1989 Lee and collaborators developed a formalin-inactivated suckling mouse Hantaan virus vaccine, which under the name Hantavax™ has been approved for commercial use in South Korea since 1990. In 1990 Tomiyama and Lee published their findings for their method of rapid serodiagnosis of hantavirus infections.
Ho Wang Lee became one of the first South Korean scientists to gain international fame while continuing to do research primarily in South Korea.

## Awards and honors

* 1981 — Member of the Korean National Academy of Sciences
* 1981 — Director of the WHO Collaborating Center for Virus Reference and Research
* 1987 — President of the International Conference on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
* 1987 — Inchon Award
* 1989 — Korea Science Award
* 1992 — Ho-Am Prize
* 1994 — Prince Mahidol Award
* 1998 — International member of the American Philosophical Society
* 2002 — Foreign member of the United States National Academy of Sciences
* 2004 — Foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences