OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ammonium acetate

Ammonium acetate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH$_4$CH$_3$CO$_2$. It is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. It is available commercially.

## History

The synonym Spirit of Mindererus is named after R. Minderer, a physician from Augsburg.

## Uses

It is the main precursor to acetamide:
    NH$_4$CH$_3$CO$_2$ → CH$_3$C(O)NH$_2$ + H$_2$O
It is also used as a diuretic.

### Buffer

As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, ammonium acetate is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution. Ammonium acetate is volatile at low pressures. Because of this, it has been used to replace cell buffers that contain non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry. It is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ELSD and CAD-based detection for this reason. Other volatile salts that have been used for this include ammonium formate.
When dissolving ammonium acetate in pure water, the resulting solution typically has a pH of 7, because the equal amounts of acetate and ammonium neutralize each other. However, ammonium acetate is a dual component buffer system, which buffers around pH 4.75 ± 1 (acetate) and pH 9.25 ± 1 (ammonium), but it has no significant buffer capacity at pH 7, contrary to common misconception.

### Other

* a biodegradable de-icing agent.
* a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.
* a protein precipitating reagent in dialysis to remove contaminants via diffusion.
* a reagent in agricultural chemistry for determination of soil CEC (cation exchange capacity) and determination of available potassium in soil wherein the ammonium ion acts as a replacement cation for potassium.
* part of Calley's method for lead artifact conservation

### Food additive

Ammonium acetate is also used as a food additive as an acidity regulator; INS number 264. It is approved for usage in Australia and New Zealand.

## Production

Ammonium acetate is produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with ammonium carbonate or by saturating glacial acetic acid with ammonia. Obtaining crystalline ammonium acetate is difficult on account of its hygroscopic nature.
# An Clasach Ó Cobhthaigh

An Clasach Ó Cobhthaigh (died 1415) was an Irish poet.
A member of the Ó Cobhthaigh bardic family, An Clasach is noted in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as "a famous poet and man of learning." He had sons Maeleachlainn Ó Cobhthaigh (died 1429) and Domhnall Ó Cobhthaigh (died 1446), who were also poets.
The O' Cobhthaigh ( Coffey) were known as the heritary brehon (druidic) family of Uisneach
# Rocky George

Leonard F. George (born January 9, 1965), best known by his stage name Rocky George, is an American guitarist who has been a member of several notable musical acts, including Suicidal Tendencies, where he was their lead guitarist from 1984 to their first breakup in 1995, and was the first African-American member of the band. After Suicidal Tendencies, George played with 40 Cycle Hum and Cro-Mags, and in 2003, he joined Fishbone. George was also a member of a local punk rock band called Pap Smear with Jeff Hanneman and Dave Lombardo. In 2019, George returned to the Cro-Mags lineup.

## Biography

During his tenure with Suicidal Tendencies, George joined a short-lived punk side project called "Pap Smear", formed by Slayer members Jeff Hanneman and Dave Lombardo. Although Pap Smear has never released any records, two of their songs were re-recorded on Slayer's 1996 covers album Undisputed Attitude. George joined Suicidal Tendencies in 1984, replacing Jon Nelson, who replaced the first album's guitarist Grant Estes. His debut with the band was Welcome to Venice on the song "Look Up...(The Boys Are Back)" written by Jon Nelson and Mike Muir. George is largely considered responsible for moving Suicidal Tendencies away from their hardcore punk roots into a more thrash oriented territory. He is also responsible for Robert Trujillo joining the band, who was a friend of his at Culver City High School.
George joined Fishbone in 2003 and played on the 2006 studio album Still Stuck in Your Throat plus two EPs. In 2008, after thirteen years, George played with his former bandmates during an Infectious Grooves set. He left Fishbone in 2017 when that band's classic lineup reunited.

## Instruments

George has used Ibanez guitars almost exclusively for years (particularly the RG series). He is still endorsed by Ibanez. Despite rumors, however, Rocky did not design the RG series (as "RG" stands for Roadstar Guitar, not for Rocky George). He is also a long time user of Mesa Boogie amplifiers.

## Discography
### Suicidal Tendencies

* Welcome to Venice (1985)
* Join the Army (1987)
* How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today (1988)
* Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit...Deja Vu (1989)
* Lights...Camera...Revolution! (1990)
* The Art of Rebellion (1992)
* Still Cyco After All These Years (1993)
* Suicidal for Life (1994)

### Cro-Mags

* Revenge (2000)
* In the Beginning (2020)

### With Harley's War

* Cro-Mag (2003)
* Hardcore All-Stars (2009)
* 2012 (2012)

### Fishbone

* Still Stuck in Your Throat (2006)
* Crazy Glue (EP, 2011)
* Intrinsically Intertwined (EP, 2014)
# Thelephora anthocephala

Thelephora anthocephala is a species of coral fungus in the family Thelephoraceae. It was originally described as new to science in 1786 by French botanist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard, who placed it in the genus Clavaria. Elias Fries transferred it to Thelephora in his 1838 work Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici.
# Timothy M. Younglove Octagon House

The Timothy M. Younglove Octagon House built in 1859 is an historic octagonal house located at 8329 Pleasant Valley Road in the town of Urbana near Hammondsport, New York. It was built by land surveyor Timothy Meigs Younglove, who surveyed Hammondport when it was incorporated.
In 2002, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is now the Black Sheep Inn.
# Shingo Mimura

Shingo Mimura (三村申吾, Mimura Shingo, born 16 April 1956) is a Japanese politician who served as Governor of Aomori Prefecture for five terms, from June 29, 2003 to June 28, 2023. He previously served as a member of House of Representatives from June 2000 to June 2003 from Aomori 2nd ward. He also served as a Mayor of his hometown Momoishi, Aomori from the year 1992 to 1996.
# Identity Card (Costa Rica)

The Costa Rican National identity Card (Spanish: cédula de identidad) is a credit card-sized identity document issued to citizens of Costa Rica. On one side, it includes a photo of the person, a personal identification number, and the card's owner personal information (complete name, gender, birth place, birth date, and others), and the user's signature. On the reverse, it may include additional information such as the date when the ID card was granted, expiration date of the ID card, and other such as their fingerprints, and all the owner's information in matrix code. It is compulsory for every citizen of Costa Rican to carry this ID card immediately after turning 18.
The cards may include several security measures, including the use of ultraviolet coating.
In the near future in Costa Rica, the cédulas de identidad will also be used in the digital signature process.
As of January 2020, the Costa Rican Tribunal Supremos De Elecciones (TSE) is in the planning and testing stages to move from a physical card to the use of biometrics for purposes of identification, eliminating the current plastic card. A move that would be in line with the country's goal of being carbon neutral.
This law was issued in response to individuals who in a single year requested as many as three or four cédulas, which had a production cost of US$7.29 by 2022. The TSE had documented cases of people who during their adulthood had applied for as many as 150 identity cards.
# McNally (surname)

McNally is an Irish surname originating in County Tyrone, in the province of Ulster. It is the Anglicized form of Mac Conallaidh 'son of Cú Allaidh', a Gaelic name of the Cenél nEógain clan meaning the 'wild hound', i.e. 'wolf'.
Prevalent in Ulster counties Antrim, Armagh and Monaghan, this McNally family is a branch of the “Northern Ó Néill” group of Ulster clans. They are separate from the Mayo name Mac an Fhailghigh.

## Notable McNallys

* Andrew McNally (1836–1904), American co-founder of Rand-McNally
* Art McNally (1926–2022), American sports executive
* Charles McNally (1787–1864), Irish bishop of Clogher
* Dave McNally (1942–2002), American baseball player
* Grant McNally (born 1962), Canadian politician
* Joanne McNally (born 1983), Irish comedian and actress
* James McNally (1836–1921), Irish Fenian
* John McNally (born 1951), Scottish politician
* John McNally (1932–2022), Irish boxer
* Johnny 'Blood' McNally (1903-1985), American football player and coach
* Keith McNally (born 1951), British restaurateur
* Kevin McNally (born 1956), English actor
* Lauren McNally, American politician
* Leonard McNally (1752–1820), Irish barrister, poet, founding member of the United Irishmen, and spy
* Luke McNally (born 1999), Irish footballer
* Mark McNally (born 1971), Scottish footballer, Celtic FC
* Mark McNally (born 1981), Australian racing driver
* Paddy McNally (born 1937), British businessman
* Randy McNally (born 1944), Tennessee politician
* Shane McNally (1954–2023), Australian rugby player
* Shannon McNally (born 1973), American singer-songwriter
* Stephen McNally (1911–1994), American actor
* Terrence McNally (1938–2020), American playwright
* Tom McNally, Baron McNally (born 1943), British politician
* William McNally VC (1894–1976), British soldier and Victoria Cross recipient
# Monza Superbike World Championship round

Monza Superbike World Championship round may refer to:
* 2002 Monza Superbike World Championship round
* 2006 Monza Superbike World Championship round
* 2007 Monza Superbike World Championship round
* 2008 Monza Superbike World Championship round
* 2009 Monza Superbike World Championship round
* 2010 Monza Superbike World Championship round
* 2011 Monza Superbike World Championship round
* 2012 Monza Superbike World Championship round
# Tudor Hall (Upper Fairmount, Maryland)

Tudor Hall, also known as Lockerman House, is a historic home located at Upper Fairmount, Somerset County, Maryland, United States. It is a 2+1⁄2-story beaded clapboard house, three bays wide by three deep, and built about 1780. The house features a brick colonnade, now in ruins.
Tudor Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# America's Funniest Home Videos: Animal Edition

America's Funniest Home Videos: Animal Edition (abbreviated as AFV Animal Edition) is an American video clip television series that first aired on Nat Geo Wild on June 11, 2021. It is based on the Japanese variety show Fun TV with Kato-chan and Ken-chan and is a spin-off of America's Funniest Home Videos. The show features humorous and wondrous homemade animal videos that are submitted by viewers, from pets to wildlife and everything in-between. It is hosted by Alfonso Ribeiro, who is also the current host of its parent show.
The show is also broadcast on Disney XD.

## Premise

AFV Animal Edition is based on the Tokyo Broadcasting System program Fun TV with Kato-chan and Ken-chan, which featured a segment in which viewers were invited to send in video clips from their home movies. As a spin-off, the show's formula is similar to America's Funniest Home Videos. Although a distinct show, contestants can submit their videos to America's Funniest Home Videos from which the show draws on for its animal-related video clips. The majority of the video clips are short (5–30 seconds) and closely related to the segment's theme as introduced and narrated by the host. Videos usually feature animals getting into humorous circumstances caught on camera; while others include animals displaying interesting capabilities or behaviors. The show also features interspersed animal facts, which often introduce connected videos, or are formed as trivia questions to the audience to bookend commercial breaks. For each episode, the producers and staff choose their favorite video submission that wins $1,000 in a non-tournament exhibition round. As noted in the closing credits of each episode, most of the videos have been edited for length due to time constraints.

## Series overview

| Season | Host | Episodes | Episodes | Originally released | Originally released |
| Season | Host | Episodes | Episodes | First released | Last released |
| 1 | Alfonso Ribeiro | 12 | 12 | June 11, 2021 (2021-06-11) | July 2, 2021 (2021-07-02) |
| 2 | Alfonso Ribeiro | 12 | 12 | May 14, 2022 (2022-05-14) | June 18, 2022 (2022-06-18) |

## History

The first season broadcast aired three new episodes in a block every Friday night starting at 7pm and premiered to approximately 0.39 million viewers. Disney XD premiered the series on September 18, 2021 with the second and third episodes together, reaching approximately 0.17 million viewers. The first season on Disney XD aired Saturdays at 8pm.
For season two the show moved to back-to-back airings every Saturday night starting at 7 pm, with the season premiere pulling approximately 0.31 million viewers. There was also additional aired content bearing the 'Xtra Laughs' subtitle.
Season 1 was released on October 5, 2021 as a 3-disc DVD set. The show is also available for streaming on Disney+ after each season airs.
# Stuart Turner (engineer)

Sidney Marmaduke Stuart Turner (1869 – April 1938) was an English engineer. He was the founder of the company Stuart Turner Ltd.

## Biography

Turner was born in Shepherd's Bush, London in 1869. Little is known about his childhood or adolescence although it is known that his family's ambitions for him did not include becoming an engineer.

## Career

After a series of other jobs including an apprenticeship on the Clyde building marine engines, a period at sea and working as an engineer in Jersey (where he installed electricity generating plant), Turner gained employment in 1897 looking after the steam generating plant at Shiplake Court near Henley-on-Thames, England. In those days mains electricity was rare and therefore most large houses had their own electricity generating plants.
It was while working at Shiplake that Turner designed his No.1 Model Steam Engine. He drew up the patterns which he then sent away to be cast. On their return he machined and assembled them and soon showed the finished model at a local exhibition. He then approached Percival Marshall the editor of Model Engineer magazine who wrote an article about the engine. This coverage brought an immediate response and orders for sets of castings flooded in, and a business was established in 1898. He was joined in the business by Alexander Frederick (Alec) Plint in 1903, who he had worked with in Jersey and was trained in electrical engineering. This business produced an unusual mixture of small mainly two-stroke engines used in boats, generators, as well as model engines and castings aimed at the model engineering market. They also briefly made a motorcycle and the Stuart lathe, and latterly a range of centrifugal pumps. The name Stuart Turner is eponymous with small quality models, and many of the steam models and rarer internal combustion models are much sought after by collectors.
The Stuart Turner Ltd company was established in 1906 in Henley-on-Thames.

## Death

Stuart Turner left the firm in 1920 and went to South Africa. He returned to Southend to retire and died in April 1938.
# Endō Kinsuke

Endō Kinsuke (遠藤 謹助, March 31, 1836 – September 13, 1893) was a Japanese statesman in the early Meiji period.
Endō was born to a samurai family in Hagi, Chōshū Domain (present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture. He was selected by the domain to be a member of the Chōshū Five who were smuggled out of Japan in defiance of the Tokugawa bakufu's policy of national seclusion to Great Britain in 1863. Chōshū was desperate to acquire better knowledge of the western nations in order to strengthen the domain in its struggle to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate. Endō returned from England in 1866, just before the start of the Boshin War.
When Sir Harry Parkes, the British minister in Japan between 1865 and 1883, visited Chōshū in 1866, Endō served as an interpreter, together with Inoue Kaoru, another member of the Chōshū Five.
After the Meiji Restoration and the establishment of the new Meiji government, Endō served as the head of the new National Mint (造幣局, Zōheikyoku) in Osaka, from 1881 to 1883. He is remembered less for his efforts in establishing a unified national currency and more for his policy that the grounds of the Mint should be open for all the people of Osaka in spring, when the sakura trees planted there come into bloom.
# NUTS statistical regions of Slovenia

In the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) codes of Slovenia (SI), the three levels are:
| Level | Subdivisions | # |
| NUTS 1 | — | 1 |
| NUTS 2 | Macroregions (kohezijske regije) | 2 |
| NUTS 3 | Statistical regions (statistične regije) | 12 |

## NUTS codes

    SI0 Slovenia
       SI03 Eastern Slovenia (Vzhodna Slovenija)
          SI031 Mura Statistical Region (pomurska statistična regija)
          SI032 Drava Statistical Region (podravska statistična regija)
          SI033 Carinthia Statistical Region (koroška statistična regija)
          SI034 Savinja Statistical Region (savinjska statistična regija)
          SI035 Central Sava Statistical Region (zasavska statistična regija)
          SI036 Lower Sava Statistical Region (spodnjeposavska statistična regija)
          SI037 Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region (jugovzhodna Slovenija)
          SI038 Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region (primorsko-notranjska statistična regija)
       SI04 Western Slovenia (Zahodna Slovenija)
          SI041 Central Slovenia Statistical Region (osrednjeslovenska statistična regija)
          SI042 Upper Carniola Statistical Region (gorenjska statistična regija)
          SI043 Gorizia Statistical Region (goriška statistična regija)
          SI044 Coastal–Karst Statistical Region (obalno-kraška statistična regija)
In the 2003 version, the codes were as follows:
    SI0 Slovenia
       SI00 Slovenia
          SI001 Mura Statistical Region (pomurska statistična regija)
          SI002 Drava Statistical Region (podravska statistična regija)
          SI003 Carinthia Statistical Region (koroška statistična regija)
          SI004 Savinja Statistical Region (savinjska statistična regija)
          SI005 Central Sava Statistical Region (zasavska statistična regija)
          SI006 Lower Sava Statistical Region (spodnjeposavska statistična regija)
          SI009 Upper Carniola Statistical Region (gorenjska statistična regija)
          SI00A Inner Carniola–Karst Statistical Region (notranjsko-kraška statistična regija)
          SI00B Gorizia Statistical Region (goriška statistična regija)
          SI00C Coastal–Karst Statistical Region (obalno-kraška statistična regija)
          SI00D Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region (jugovzhodna Slovenija)
          SI00E Central Slovenia Statistical Region (osrednjeslovenska statistična regija)

## Local administrative units

Below the NUTS levels, the two LAU (Local Administrative Units) levels are:
| Level | Subdivisions | # |
| LAU 1 | Administrative units (upravne enote) | 58 |
| LAU 2 | Municipalities (občine) | 210 |
The LAU codes of Slovenia can be downloaded here:
# Timothy Paine House

The Timothy Paine House, also known as The Oaks, is a historic house at 140 Lincoln Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in the mid-1770s, it is one of the city's oldest buildings, and a good example of Georgian and Federal styling. It was built by Timothy Paine, a note local judge who fled during the American Revolution due to his Loyalist leanings. The house has been owned by the Colonel Timothy Bigelow Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, since 1914 and uses it as a chapter house. It is open by for tours from May- October or by appointment. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

## Description and history

The Timothy Paine House is located in northeastern Worcester, set on a 1-acre (0.40 ha) lot between Lincoln and Paine Streets in the Brittan Square area. It is set back from Lincoln Street, which was historically the main road between Worcester and Boston. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. The house's main entrance was originally on its south facade, but a new main entrance was placed on the east (Lincoln Street) facade some time after its construction.
Timothy Paine acquired 300 acres (120 ha) of land in this part of Worcester in 1767, and began developing it as a country estate in 1774. His Loyalist leanings were noted early in the American Revolution, and he was forced by a mob to resign his post as mandamus councilor to the governor. He eventually fled to Halifax, Nova Scotia; his son returned after American independence and recovered the property. The house was significantly enlarged and given Federal styling during his ownership. It passed through three more generations of Paines until 1914, when it was purchased by the local DAR chapter.
# Nikolaus Hasse

Nikolaus Hasse, sometimes spelled Nicolaus Hasse, (c.1617 – March 8, 1672, Rostock) was a German composer and organist of the Baroque period. Part of the Hasse family of musicians, he was the son of Peter Hasse. A longtime organist at St. Mary's Church, Rostock, he is best remembered today for his compositions of chamber music and sacred songs.

## Life and career

Born in Lübeck, Hasse received his music education from his father, the composer Peter Hasse. In 1642 he was appointed organist at St. Mary's Church, Rostock; a position he maintained until his retirement in 1671. His life was often plagued with financial difficulties, and he died soon after his retirement on March 8, 1672 in Rostock.
Nikolaus Hasse is principally remembered for his compositions of chamber music and sacred songs; both of which have remained in the repertoire. All of his chamber music, encompassing 21 suites and 14 other dances in a variety of styles of the period, were published in a two volume set entitled Delitiae musicae in 1656. These pieces were originally written for play by students at the University of Rostock and became a part of the musical life of that school during Hasse's lifetime. After their publication, the works spread. The theologian Heinrich Müller published 50 of Hasse's sacred songs in the collection Geistliche Seelen-Musik, and these are the best known of his surviving sacred works.
Hasse also wrote lieder and organ music; but these are less known. Only four of his organ work survive, all of them published in the Pelplin organ tablatures.