OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2025 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council election

The 2025 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council elections will be held as part of a routine six-year cycle among different types of Legislative Council Constituencies in Andhra Pradesh in March 2025 to elect 8 of its 58 members, of which 8 are appointed by the governor.

## Elections

List according to poll dates
| Constituency type | Members retiring | Date of poll | Date of retirement |
| Graduates constituency | 2 | 2025 | 29 March 2025 |
| Teachers constituency | 1 | 2025 | 29 March 2025 |
| MLA's constituency | 5 | 2025 | 29 March 2025 |

## Members Elected
### Graduates constituencies

| # | Name | Previous MLC | Party | Party | Term end | Elected MP | Party | Party | Term start |
| 1 | Krishna-Guntur | K. S. Lakshmana Rao | | Independent | 29-03-2019 | | 30-03-2025 |
| 2 | East Godavari-West Godavari | Illa Venkateswara Rao | | | 29-03-2019 | | 30-03-2025 |

### Teachers constituencies

| # | Name | Previous MLC | Party | Party | Term end | Elected MP | Party | Party | Term start |
| 1 | Vizianagaram-Visakhapatnam-Srikakulam | Pakalapati Raghu Varma | | Independent | 29-03-2019 | | 30-03-2025 |
# 2023 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council election

The 2023 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council elections will be held as part of a routine six-year cycle among different types of Legislative Council Constituencies in Andhra Pradesh in March 2023 to elect 21 of its 58 members, of which the through their legislators elect 50 and the remaining 8 are appointed by the governor.

## Elections

List according to poll dates
| Constituency type | Members retiring | Date of poll | Date of retirement |
| Graduates constituency | 3 | 13 March 2023 | 29 March 2023 |
| Teachers constituency | 2 | 13 March 2023 | 29 March 2023 |
| Local Authorities constituency | 9 | 13 March 2023 | 1 May 2023 |
| MLA's constituency | 7 | 23 March 2023 | 29 March 2023 |

## Members Elected
### Graduates constituencies

| # | Name | Previous MLC | Party | Term end | Elected MP | Party | Term start |
| 1 | Prakasam – Nellore – Chittoor | Yandlapalli Srinivasulu Reddy | Independent | 29-03-2023 | Kancharla Srikanth | TDP | 29-03-2029 |
| 2 | Kadapa- Anantapur – Kurnool | Vennapusa Gopal Reddy | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | TDP | 29-03-2029 |
| 3 | Srikakulam – Vizianagaram – Visakhapatnam | P.V.N. Madhav | BJP | 29-03-2023 | V. Chiranjeevi Rao | TDP | 29-03-2029 |

### Local Authorities constituencies

| # | Name | Previous MLC | Party | Term end | Elected MP | Party | Party | Term start |
| 1 | Anantapur | Gunapati Deepak Reddy | Independent | 29-03-2023 | Kancharla Srikanth | | TDP | 29-03-2029 |
| 2 | Kadapa | Vennapusa Gopal Reddy | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | | TDP | 29-03-2029 |
| 3 | Nellore | P.V.N. Madhav | BJP | 29-03-2023 | V. Chiranjeevi Rao | | TDP | 29-03-2029 |
| 4 | West Godavari | Vennapusa Gopal Reddy | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | 29-03-2029 |
| 5 | West Godavari | Vennapusa Gopal Reddy | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | 29-03-2029 |
| 6 | East Godavari | Vennapusa Gopal Reddy | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | 29-03-2029 |
| 7 | Sriakulam | Vennapusa Gopal Reddy | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | 29-03-2029 |
| 8 | Chittoor | Vennapusa Gopal Reddy | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | 29-03-2029 |
| 9 | Kurnool | K.E. Prabhakar | YSRCP | 29-03-2023 | B. Ramgopal Reddy | 29-03-2029 |
# Charles Christian Reisen

Charles Christian Reisen (1680 – 15 December 1725) was an English gem-engraver.

## Life

He was born in the parish of St. Clement Danes, London, the eldest son of Christian Reisen, a goldsmith, of Trondheim in Norway. The elder Reisen, leaving Norway, visited Scotland about 1664, and worked for two years at Aberdeen for a goldsmith named Melvin. In September 1666 he came to London, and began to work as an engraver of seals. He was afterwards confined to the Tower for four years on suspicion of engraving dies for coining, but was discharged without a trial, and died in England about 1700, leaving a widow and several children.
Charles Christian Reisen, who had been instructed as a gem and seal engraver under his father's instruction, became the support of the family, being mainly employed in cutting crests and arms. He gained little from an introduction to Prince George of Denmark, but attracted the attention of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, who permitted him to study in his library and museum. In course of time Reisen formed a collection of medals, prints, drawings, and books, and was chosen director of Sir Godfrey Kneller's academy. On the trial of Bishop Francis Atterbury, he was examined as an expert as to the impression of a seal. Horace Walpole was another of his patrons, and for him he made several cornelian intaglios. Reisen received commissions from Denmark, Germany, and France, as well as from Englishmen. Horace Walpole called him "a great artist", but Charles William King considered his intaglios deficient in finish.
Among Reisen's intaglios - he did not attempt cameos - were specimens bearing the heads of Faustina the Elder, Faustina the Younger, Lucilla, Charles I of England, and Charles XII of Sweden. Glaus (d. 1739), Smart, and Seaton are named as his pupils.
George Vertue describes Reisen as a jovial and humorous man who, being illiterate, had, by conversing with men of various countries, "composed a dialect so droll and diverting that it grew into a kind of use among his acquaintance, and he threatened to publish a dictionary of it". Reisen was usually known in England as 'Christian' and 'Christian's mazzard' was a joke among his friends. Sir James Thornhill drew an extempore profile of him, and Matthew Prior added the distich:
   This, drawn by candle light and hazard, Was meant to show Charles Christian's mazzard.
A portrait of Reisen was painted by John Vanderbank, and was engraved by Freeman in Walpole's 'Anecdotes'. Other engravings by Bretherton and G. White are mentioned by Henry Bromley.
Reisen died of gout on 15 December 1725 in the neighbourhood of Covent Garden, London, where he had chiefly lived, though he had also (about 1720) a house at Putney, nicknamed 'Bearsdenhall'. He was buried in St Paul's, Covent Garden, on the north side next to the steps. He appointed his friend, Sir James Thornhill, one of his executors, and, dying a bachelor, left the bulk of his fortune to an unmarried sister who lived with him, and a portion to his brother John.
# 1892 New Brunswick general election

The 1892 New Brunswick general election was held in October 1892, to elect 41 members to the 28th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election was held before the adoption of party labels.
There were a number of issues that led to dissatisfaction with the government among certain groups of voters in the province:
* in Bathurst, the Protestant minority felt that they were being overly taxed to support the operation of separate schools
* temperance societies did not support the government because it was opposed to prohibition
* some farmers were dissatisfied with the government's agricultural policy
However, the opposition was not able to organize an effective campaign to consolidate the support of factions opposed to the government.
The opposition had their best results in York County, where all the government candidates were defeated, and St. John County. A.G. Blair, the government leader, was defeated in York and was forced to run in a by-election held in Queen's.
Of forty-one MLAs, twenty-five supported the government, twelve formed the opposition, and the other four were neutral.
The province's Legislative Council had been abolished by legislation passed in 1891; that legislation now came into effect.
New Brunswick general election, 1892 :
| Party | Leader | Seats |
| Government (Liberal) | Andrew George Blair | 25 |
| Opposition (Conservative) | Alfred Augustus Stockton | 12 |
| Neutral | Neutral | 4 |
# Piano roll blues

The piano roll blues or old piano roll blues is a figure of speech designating a legal argument (or the response to that argument) made in US patent law relating to computer software. The argument is that a newly programmed general-purpose digital computer is a "new" machine and, accordingly, properly the subject of a US patent.
This legal argument was made in Gottschalk v. Benson in Benson's brief. The government then responded in its brief that this amounted to asserting that inserting a new piano roll into an existing player piano converted the old player piano into a new player piano. After Benson, the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals took the position that the reasoning of Benson did not apply to "machine" claims, such as a claim to a conventional digital computer programmed to carry out a new algorithm or computer program. In dissenting from that judgment on the grounds that the Supreme Court in Benson did not limit the principle to method claims, Judge Rich spoke of "the legal doctrine that a new program makes an old general purpose digital computer into a new and different machine." Id. at 773. He observed that the doctrine "partakes of the nature of a legal fiction when it comes to drafting claims." Id.
The argument appeared again two decades later in the majority opinion in In re Alappat, and in his dissenting opinion in that case Chief Judge Archer discussed the figure of speech extensively, concluding:
   Yet a player piano playing Chopin's scales does not become a "new machine" when it spins a roll to play Brahms' lullaby. The distinction between the piano before and after different rolls are inserted resides not in the piano's changing quality as a "machine" but only in the changing melodies being played by the one machine. The only invention by the creator of a roll that is new because of its music is the new music.
Despite a strong indication in the Supreme Court's Gottschalk v. Benson opinion that computer implementation of an otherwise patent-ineligible abstract idea (in that case a mathematical algorithm) was insufficient to transform the idea into patent-eligible subject matter, the Federal Circuit continued sporadically to assert the piano roll blues argument. A very recent example was in a dissenting opinion of Chief Judge Rader in 2013.
The Supreme Court's opinion in the Alice case may have finally put a stop to the piano roll blues argument, since it states that simply saying "apply it with a computer" will not transform a patent-ineligible claim to an idea into a patent-eligible claim.
The expression apparently derives from a song popular in the 1950s—"The Old Piano Roll Blues" by Cy Coben — in the style of a Scott Joplin rag. As Judge Archer points out in his Alappat dissent, there is also an allusion to the decision of the Supreme Court in White-Smith v. Apollo, concerning copyright protection for piano rolls.
# Spring & Fall

Spring & Fall is an Australian anthology television series concerning social problems like unemployment, alcoholism, and drug addiction.
There were eleven self-contained episodes, six in the first series broadcast by the ABC in 1980 and five in the second series in 1982.

## Cast

| Actor | Role | Eps. |
| Adam Garrett | Jimmy | 1 |
| Anne Haddy | Margaret | 1 |
| Arkie Whiteley | Angela | 1 |
| Barry Otto | Harry Dawson | 1 |
| Carole Skinner | Jamie's Mother | 1 |
| Caz Lederman | | 1 |
| Christine Amor | Angela | 1 |
| Craig Pearce | Schoolfriend | 1 |
| Dennis Miller | Phil | 1 |
| Edmund Pegge | Charles | 1 |
| Fiona Gage | Lynnie | 1 |
| Garry McDonald | Max Lawrence | 1 |
| Gary Waddell | Jacko | 1 |
| Graeme Blundell | Garth | 1 |
| Ian Gilmour | Phil O'Donohue | 1 |
| Jeremy Kewley | Barry O'Connell | 1 |
| John Hamblin | Violinist | 1 |
| John Sheerin | Man in Toilet | 1 |
| Judy Morris | Anne Lawrence | 1 |
| Lex Marinos | Pete | 1 |
| Linda Cropper | C.E.S. Officer | 1 |
| Liz Burch | Brenda | 1 |
| Lyn Collingwood | Sister | 1 |
| Lynette Curran | Carol | 1 |
| Maggie Kirkpatrick | Anne | 1 |
| Mark Hembrow | Mickey | 2 |
| Max Gillies | Charlie | 1 |
| Michele Fawdon | Laurie | 1 |
| Paul Chubb | Joe / Norm | 2 |
| Penny Cook | Refuge Worker | 1 |
| Redmond Phillips | Doctor | 1 |
| Ric Herbert | Sadie | 1 |
| Robyn Nevin | Anne / Mary | 2 |
| Ruth Cracknell | Jessica Lambert | 1 |
| Sarah Lambert | Debra | 1 |
| Sheila Kennelly | Marj | 1 |
| Steve Bisley | Ray | 1 |
| Tony Martin | Car Owner | 1 |
| Tracy Mann | Terry | 1 |
| Willie Fennell | Bob | 1 |
| Wynn Roberts | Clive | 1 |

## Episodes
### Season One

| No. | Title | Director | Writer | Starring |
| 1.1 | "Cold Comfort" | Chris Thomson | Laura Jones | Steve Bisley, Lynette Curran, Fiona Gage |
| 1.2 | "The Last Card" | Michael Jenkins | Michael Jenkins | Adam Garrett, Max Gillies, Robyn Nevin |
| 1.3 | "The Silent Cry" | Michael Carson | Marion Ord | Michele Fawdon, Anne Haddy, Edmund Pegge |
| 1.4 | "The Winner" | Chris Thomson | John Dingwell | Christine Amor, Graeme Blundell, Willie Fennell |
| 1.5 | "The Slammer" | Russell Webb | Mervyn Rutherford | Ian Gilmour |
| 1.6 | "Out of Line" | Chris Thomson | Oliver Robb | John Hamblin, Ric Herbert, Tracy Mann |

### Season Two

| No. | Title | Director | Writer | Starring |
| 2.1 | "Every Man for Herself" | Michael Carson | Laura Jones | |
| 2.2 | "Perfect Company" | Di Drew | Marion Ord | Ruth Cracknell, Robyn Nevin |
| 2.3 | "Jimmy Dancer" | Michael Carson | Robert Caswell | Garry McDonald, Judy Morris |
| 2.4 | "Thanks Brother" | Julian Pringle | Michael Jenkins | Paul Chubb, Maggie Kirkpatrick |
| 2.5 | "Thems the Breaks" | | | |
The first episode, "Cold Comfort", received a Logie Award for Best Single Drama in 1981.
# Gārsene Parish

Gārsene Parish (Latvian: Gārsenes pagasts) is an administrative unit of Jēkabpils Municipality in the Selonia region of Latvia (prior to 2009 it was part of the former Jēkabpils district).
# Twice Upon a Time (1953 film)

Twice Upon a Time is a 1953 British comedy film directed by Emeric Pressburger and starring Hugh Williams, Elizabeth Allan, Yolande Larthe, and Charmian Larthe. It is based on the 1949 novel Lisa and Lottie by Erich Kästner.
Lotte and Lisa had already been adapted into the films Two Times Lotte (1950) and Hibari no komoriuta (1951). Twice Upon a Time was the first English-language film adaptation; the story was later twice adapted as The Parent Trap (1961 and 1998) and has been remade a number of times in English and many other languages. It was shot at Shepperton Studios with sets designed by the art director Arthur Lawson.
The film is the only solo directing credit for Pressburger, whose other directing credits are in association with Michael Powell.

## Plot

Twin sisters are separated when their parents divorce. They meet again by accident when they are sent to the same summer camp, and they hatch a plan to reunite their parents.

## Cast

* Hugh Williams as James Turner
* Elizabeth Allan as Carol-Anne Bailey
* Jack Hawkins as Dr. Mathews
* Yolande Larthe as Carol Turner
* Charmian Larthe as Anne Bailey
* Violette Elvin as Florence la Riche
* Isabel Dean as Miss Burke
* Michael Gough as Mr. Lloyd
* Walter Fitzgerald as Professor Reynolds
* Jeanne Stuart as Mrs. Jamieson
* Nora Gordon as Emma
* Martin Miller as Eipeldauer
* Lily Kann as Mrs. Eipeldauer
* Collin Wilcox as Ian
* Jack Lambert as Ernest
* Pat Baker as Sonia
* Isabel George as Molly
* Alanna Boyce as Susie
* Margaret McCourt as Wendy
* Myrette Morven as Miss Rupert
* Margaret Boyd as Mrs. Kinnaird
* Cicely Walper as Mrs. Maybridge
* Mollie Terraine as Miss Wellington
* Archie Duncan as Doorman
# August Heinrich Ferdinand Tegetmeyer

August Heinrich Ferdinand Tegetmeyer (14 March 1844 Leipzig – 31 May 1912) was a German illustrator and engraver who provided the images for a large number of publications.
# Lucio Muñoz

Lucio Muñoz (27 December 1929 – 24 May 1998) was a Spanish abstract painter and engraver.

## Biography

Muñoz was the son of Lucio Muñoz, a shopkeeper, and Nicolasa Martínez. Born on 27 December 1929 in Madrid, he was the youngest of two brothers and three sisters. His mother died in 1935.
In 1949, Muñoz enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in San Fernando, Cádiz, where he obtained a degree in Fine Arts. While at the school, he met Amalia Avia; they married on 15 January 1960. The first of their four children was born that year.

## Art

Muñoz's first one-man exhibition was at the Sala de la Direccion General de Bellas Artes in Madrid, in 1955.
During a stay in Paris financed by a Spanish government scholarship in 1955–6, Muñoz was influenced by the art informel movement. He worked with various materials, such as burnt paper and wood, in addition to canvas. He pierced, bent, and made cuts in the canvas, like informalist artists. He is particularly known for his innovation in his works on wood, which he fully incorporated into the works; burns, carving, and paint mixed with materials such as marble dust, sawdust, and pulverized minerals were among the techniques he used to create the works he referred to as pseudo-paintings.
His works are in informal colours, with black predominating. The style of his later works was less aggressive, because he used other materials.
In 1964, Galería Juana Mordó was opened. He belonged to the associated group of painters from the moment of its foundation until 1991.
His works include murals for the European Union building in Brussels and the chamber of the Madrid Parliament. His mural at the Basilica of Aránzazu won the Gold Medal at the Salzburg Biennial of Sacred Art.
# Léon Van Dievoet

Léon Van Dievoet (/ˈdiːvʊt/; 5 July 1907 – 6 December 1993) was a Belgian architect, painter, engraver, and draughtsman.
He is the author of numerous drawings of places in Brussels that have since been demolished which have been described as a "mine of information for all those interested in the Brussels of yesteryear".

## Selected works

* Drawings
* Rue de la Porte Rouge, Bruegel House, 1939
* Saint-Josse Church, July 1942
* Saint-Job Church in Uccle, June 1943
* Dead end in the rue de la Chapelle, 1939
* Chapel Church, April 1941
* Paintings
* Le Carrousel, August 1939
* Ferme à Beersel, 1979
* Architecture
* House of artist Lismonde, chaussée de Ninove, 1957
* Durdut house, rue Langeveld, Uccle
* Project for a bridge in Prats de Mollo, 1935
* Project for a building, quartier des Nations, 1936
* Project for a villa, 1936

## Honours

* Knight of the Order of Léopold
* Knight of the Order of the Crown
# René Carcan

René Carcan (25 May 1925 – 1993) was a prominent Belgian engraver and sculptor, who studied under Léon Devos, Jacques Maes and Johnny Friedlaender. His works have been showcased at numerous international exhibitions including Galerie La Proue, and are closely associated with the work of Graciela Rodo Boulanger, who was also in the Friedlaender school.

## Life

Carcan was born in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. He studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. His main sculpting study was under D. Jacobs.
He developed an artistic style which has been compared to Henri Matisse's; of distilling a vision to an essential essence. His use of colour was influenced by Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee.
A museum was established in Brussels at the site of Carcan's old studio, the Fondation René Carcan (Rue Champ-de-Roi 122, Etterbeek), for the preservation and study of his life's works. This was both a museum and a foundation, which exhibited works of his lithography, sculpting and jewellery design, until it closed in 2006.
The Fondation René Carcan subsequently became the Espace René Carcan and established the "René Carcan International Prize for Printmaking," intended to encourage printmaking. The first edition of this biennial award took place in 2014.
He died in Etterbeek, Belgium.
# Johannes Josephus Aarts

Johannes Josephus Aarts (18 August 1871, in The Hague – 19 October 1934, in Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter, illustrator, lithographer, engraver, etcher, writer, academic teacher and director, lecturer, sculptor and book-cover designer.

## Life and work

Jan Aarts received training in the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague. He was active there until 1911, and in Amsterdam from 1911 to 1934. Initially, until around 1900, Aarts worked above all on engravings. Thereafter he began to also use other graphic methods. In his work, one found depictions of farmworkers, dyke workers and later also tramps, beggars and invalids. Between 1920 and 1930 he produced mostly visionary work with apocalyptic scenes.
Aarts often wrote for the Hague newspaper Het Vaderland; he taught at the Arts Academy in The Hague, and later was professor at the Royal Academy in Amsterdam, as successor to Pieter Dupont [nl]; he produced sculptures as preliminary studies for his graphic work. He thereby contributed to the renewal of various graphic techniques in the Netherlands. He painted portraits, animals and landscapes, including cityscapes and dune-landscapes.
# Benessa

The House of Benessa (in Latin and Italian, also known as Beneša or Benešić in Croatian) was a noble family of the Republic of Ragusa.

## History

In the beginning of the 15th century Ragusan nobility were present in Novo Brdo in the Serbian Despotate as merchants or mining lords; Benessa were also present.

## Notable members

* Damiano Benessa (Damianus Benessa or Damjan Beneša; 1477–1539), Humanist
* Pietro Benessa (Petrus or Petar Benessa)
* Andreas Benessa (or Andrija Beneša; fl. 1295–1301), notary
# Francis Donkin Bedford

Francis Donkin Bedford (1864–1954), also known as F. D. Bedford, was a British artist and illustrator. He was born in Notting Hill and lived in London. He painted genre scenes and exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1892.
Bedford's works include illustrations for A Book of Nursery Rhymes (1897), The Books of Shops (1899), Four and Twenty Toilers (1900), The Visit to London (1902), Forgotten Tales of Long Ago (1906), Runaways and Castaways (1908), Peter and Wendy (1911), The Magic Fishbone (1921), Under the Tree (1922), A Christmas Carol (1923), and The Cricket on the Hearth (1927).
# Jaflong

Jaflong (Bengali: জাফলং) is a hill station and tourist destination in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is located in Gowainghat Upazila of Sylhet District and situated at the border between Bangladesh and the Indian state of Meghalaya, overshadowed by subtropical mountains and rainforests. It is known for its stone collections and is home of the Khasi tribe.

## Introduction

Jaflong is a tourist spot in Sylhet division. It is about 60 km from Sylhet town and takes around a two hours drive to reach there. Jaflong is located amidst tea gardens and hills. It is situated beside the river Sari in the lap of Hill Khashia.

## Attractions

* Collection of rolling stones
* Colorful tribal life See also: Khasi people
* Dawki and Piyain Rivers
* Tea Garden
* Orange and Jackfruit gardens
* Betel leaf and areca nut gardens
* Dawki Bazar

## Stone crushing

The land grabbers occupied government Khasiland and reserved forestland and extracted stone by cutting small hills polluting the environment of Jaflong. They also established crushing mills on the forestland without permission from the government.

## Forestation program

In early 2005, Laskar Muqsudur Rahman, Deputy Conservator of Forests of the Sylhet Forest Division, stated that in Jaflong during his childhood, the 'lungs' of Greater Sylhet were at stake due to ongoing encroachments and establishments of unauthorized stone crushing mills. He took initiatives to recover the land and establish a recreation-cum-botanical park named as 'Jaflong Green Park'. The first foundation stone for the thematic Green Park at Jaflong was laid by Laskar Muqsudur Rahman, Deputy Conservator of Forests in 2005 with the cooperation of local forest staffs led by Forest Ranger Mohammad Ali. Nonetheless, at the inception it was a challenging task due to local conflicts and procedural constraints. The forestation program in Jaflong Green Park has been started under supervision of the joint forces, Jaflong Foundation and Forest Department. They have jointly taken up the forestation program with about 100 hectares of grabbed land. Under the forestation program, various types of trees, including hybrid Akash-moni, are being planted in the park to maintain ecological balance.