# Faber-Castell

Faber-Castell AG is a German privately-held multinational manufacturer of pens, pencils, other office supplies (e.g., staplers, slide rules, erasers, rulers) and art supplies, as well as high-end writing instruments and luxury leather goods. Headquartered in Stein, Germany, it operates 14 factories and 20 sales units throughout the globe. The Faber-Castell Group employs a staff of approximately 6,500 and does business in more than 120 countries. The House of Faber-Castell is the family which founded and continues to exercise leadership within the corporation. Faber-Castell manufactures about 2 billion pencils in more than 120 different colors every year.

## History
### Founding, Family Ownership, and Early Expansion (1761-1896)

Faber-Castell was founded in 1761 in Stein, Germany, by cabinet maker Kaspar Faber (1730–1784) as the A.W. Faber Company. It has remained in the Faber family for eight generations. The company expanded under Kaspar Faber's great-grandson, Johann Lothar Freiherr von Faber (1817–1896), and his wife Ottilie. Lothar opened branches in New York (1849), London (1851), Paris (1855), and expanded into Vienna (1872) and St. Petersburg (1874). The company also began offering products other than pencils, opening a factory in Geroldsgrün, Bavaria, where slide rules were produced, a slate factory in Geroldsgrün, and producing ink and paint in Noisy-le-Sec, near Paris.

#### Securing Global Recognition

To combat counterfeit A.W. Faber products, Lothar petitioned the Reichstag to put in place trademark protections in Germany. As a result, the Act on Trade Mark Protection came into effect in 1875, and protections were expanded in the 1894 Act on the Protection of Trade Marks. Lothar's first trademark was registered in 1894, with the registration number DE 43. Outside of Germany, the trademark was also registered in the United States (where it was one of the earliest ever registered), Russia, England, Spain, France, and Italy during Lothar's time as the head of the company.

### The Rise of "Castell" Pencils and the Jousting Knights Motif (1898-1908)

In 1898, Lothar's granddaughter and heiress, Ottilie "Tilly" von Faber, married Count Alexander zu Castell-Rüdenhausen, and the couple became progenitors of the Faber-Castell family. Seven years later, the company began producing a new line of pencils, called "Castell"; over the next few years, this line developed recognizable branding, featuring the green color of the pencils (chosen to match the color of Alexander's military regiment), a logo depicting a castle, and the motif of two jousting knights, which was used on packaging and in advertising. This motif originated with a painting, commissioned by Alexander, of two knights jousting with pencils, and would eventually become the inspiration behind the company's current logo. 1908 saw the release of the Polychromos coloured pencils, which continue to be made and widely used today.

### World War I

As a German company, several of the Faber-Castell's foreign subsidiaries and branches in Allied countries were confiscated during World War I. Among them, the Faber-Castell properties in New York and Paris were eventually sold off. Nevertheless, the company survived and saw further growth following the war with the construction of new, expanded manufacturing facilities and new company acquisitions. The company's name was also officially changed following Alexander's death in 1928, becoming A.W. Faber "Castell" Bleistiftfabrik (Pencil Company).

### The Great Depression and World War II

As the Great Depression cast its long shadow over the global economy in the early 1930s, Alexander's son, Roland von Faber-Castell, inherited the leadership of the company. Facing economic hardship, Roland sought strategic partnerships to weather the storm. In 1932, a collaboration with Johann Faber, a rival pencil company founded by Lothar Faber's brother, was established. The two shared resources in an effort to operate more efficiently and bring down their costs. In the following years, Roland gradually bought up shares of Johann Faber until it was fully acquired (along with its Brazilian subsidiary) in 1942. This strategic move brought the popular Goldfaber colored pencil line under the Faber-Castell umbrella. During this period, further expansion came through the acquisition of the renowned fountain pen maker, Osmia.
In 1939, the Third Reich seized the Stein Castle near Nuremberg, previously owned by Count Roland von Faber-Castell, a seventh-generation head of the Faber-Castell pencil manufacturing company. The Nazis removed Count Faber-Castell from his leadership position and reportedly used the castle's bell tower for Allied bombing raid interception. Count Roland von Faber-Castell was drafted into the German military, which resulted in a shift in leadership for the Faber-Castell company. At this time, the first non-family CEO was appointed by the Nazi party. Amidst managerial changes, Count Roland's wife, Nina, converted the company into a sole proprietorship, effectively regaining control. By 1942, the company had been renamed A. W. Faber-Castell.
In the years following World War II, the company expanded internationally into Ireland, Austria, Brazil, Peru, Australia, and Argentina, as well as re-acquiring several subsidiaries which had been lost in wartime. It also began offering new products, such as a mechanical pencil, ballpoint pens, plastic slide rules (instead of wood), and an India ink drawing pen. The Faber-Castell logo was changed in 1950 to an oval design, incorporating the Faber-Castell family crest and the green color which the company had been using since 1905.
Today, the company operates 10 factories and 22 sales units, with six in Europe, four in Asia, three in North America, five in South America, and one each in Australia and New Zealand. The Faber-Castell Group employs a staff of approximately 6,500 and does business in more than 120 countries.

## Products

Beginning in the 1850s Faber started to use graphite from Siberia and cedar wood from Florida to produce its pencils.
Faber-Castell is well known for its brand of PITT Artist pens. The pens, used by comic and manga artists such as Adam Hughes, contain an India ink that is both acid-free and archival, and come in a variety of colors.
The following chart contains all the Faber-Castell product lines.
| Category | Products |
| Professional Art and Graphic (Green Line) | Pencils (graphite and color), pastels, charcoals, erasers, sharpeners |
| Kids & School Art and Graphic (Red Line) | Pencils, watercolors, brushes, markers, crayons, erasers, sharpeners, modeling dough, oil pastels, papers, connector pens |
| Technical Drawing (Green Line) | Mechanical pencils, refills |
| Pens | Fountain pens, ballpoint pens, refills |
| Luxury Pens | Fountain pens, ballpoint pen |
| Papers | Notebooks, diaries, creative papers, reams, calendars |
From about 1880 to 1975 Faber-Castell was also one of the world's major manufacturers of slide rules, the best known of which was the 2/83N.

## Manufacturing

There are about 16 manufacturing plants (in 10 countries) which mainly manufacture writing instruments.
| Country | Plant name | Year incorporated | Products manufactured |
| Costa Rica | Neily | 1996 | Pencils (graphite and colour) |
| Peru | Lima | 1965 | Erasers, rules and writing equipment, and finetip and colour markers |
| Colombia | Bogotá | 1976 | Wax crayons and drawing accessories |
| Brazil | Prata | 1989 | Nurseries for pine trees and sawmill |
| Brazil | Manaus | 1989 | Erasers, rules and writing equipment |
| Brazil | São Carlos | 1950s | Pencils (graphite and colour), makeup, school line (pencils, sharpeners, poster and finger paints, crayons, markers) technical and fine arts line (permanent markers), office line (highlighter, executive and promotional pens), notebooks and creative papers |
| India | Goa | 1998 | Erasers, rules and writing equipment, and finetip and colour markers |
| Austria | Engelhartszell | 1963 | Highlighters and permanent-ink markers (manufacturing, assembly and paints) |
| Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 1978 | Research & Development, Asia and Pacific office Sales, school line (pencils, erasers and writing products) |
| Nigeria | Enugu | 1961 | Makeup Products |
| China | Guangzhou | 2000 | school line (sharpeners, erasers and writing instruments) |
| Indonesia | Bekasi | 1990 | Pencils (graphite and colour) |
| Germany | Stein | 1761 | Research & Development, global sales and marketing office, school line (pencils, erasers and writing products), premium line (pencils, erasers and writing products) |