OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Li Ju (footballer)

Li Ju (Chinese: 李炬; born 10 January 2002) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Beijing Guoan.

## Club career

Li Ju was promoted to the senior team of Beijing Guoan within the 2021 Chinese Super League season. He would be given an opportunity to participate within senior games when he was part of the AFC Champions League squad, which was a mix of reserves and youth players to participate within centralized venues while the clubs senior players were still dealing with self-isolating measures due to COVID-19. He would make his debut in a AFC Champions League game on 8 July 2021 against Daegu FC in a 3-0 defeat.

## Career statistics

    As of 31 January 2023.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Beijing Guoan | 2021 | Chinese Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | - | 3 | 0 |
| Beijing Guoan | 2022 | Chinese Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Beijing Guoan | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearances in the AFC Champions League
# Maurice Pasternak

Maurice Pasternak (born 1946 in Brussels) is a Belgian artist, engraver and drawer.
His work is essentially focused on mezzotint technique. He also develops drawing artworks, with various techniques: pastel, wax and pigments, and graphite.
Human relationships are at the very core of his work.

## Career

Until 2010s, his work mainly consists of engravings and pastels.
The topic of space, deeply linked to the particular use of perspective: objective and subjective as well as to the different light sources
The graphite technique enabled him to articulate various themes (subjects) through changing handwriting on the legible limits
His work expresses an intemporality of intention, and is profoundly imbued with its existential questioning

## Collections

* Cabinets des Estampes de Bruxelles et Liège.
* Collections de l’État belge.
* Banque Nationale de Belgique.
* Centre de la Gravure et de l'Image Imprimé de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, à La Louvière, Belgique.
* Musée de Cracovie, Musée de Majdanek, Pologne.
* Musée d’Art Moderne de Taipei, Taïwan R.O.C.
* Musée d’Art Moderne de Stockholm, Suède.
* Musée de la Gravure, Allemagne.
* The New Orleans Museum of Art, USA.
* Warnock Fine Arts, Canada.
* Museum and collection from University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
* Yamanashi Prefectural Museum of Art, Japon.

## Notes and References

* ↑ "Maurice Pasternak". Centre de la Gravure et de l’Image imprimée – Collection (in French). 2022.
* ↑ "Maurice Pasternak". Musée Félicien Rops (in French).
* ↑ Danièle Gillemon (1 February 1989). "Gravures et pastels de Pasternak, la rumeur". Le Soir (in French).
* ↑ Françoise De Paepe (3 March 1989). "Pastels et mélanges. Changement à vue : Pasternak passe au pastel". Journal du médecin (in French) (411).
* ↑ Jean Pigeon (10 February 1989). "Gravures et pastels". Le Vif-Express (in French).
* ↑ "Pasternak, Maurice". Oxford Art Online – Benezit, Dictionary of Artists. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00136774. ISBN 9780199773787.
* ↑ Danièle Gillemon (15 February 1984). "Les gravures de Pasternak". Le Soir (in French).
* ↑ Roger Pierre Turine (January 2022). "Pasternak au Salon d'Art". La Libre (in French).
* 1 2 Sandra Caltagirone (January 2020). "Sans tambour ni trompette". Flux News (in French) (813).
* ↑ Manon Paulus (January 2021). "Maurice Pasternak, entre absence et résidu". Mu in the City (in French). Archived from the original on August 10, 2020.
# Escots

Escots (Occitan: Escocés) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
# Ranbir Singh Pathania

Ranbir Singh Pathania (born 1979) is an Indian politician from Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir who is a Member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly from the Udhampur East Vidhan Sabha associated with the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also member of Legislative Assembly of erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir from Ramnagar Vidhan Sabha before delimitation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. He is also the Spokesperson of the Party.
During his first tenure as MLA of Ramnagar, Pathania worked on various infrastructural projects in his constituency. Ramnagar which lacked road connectivity saw various roads and bridges being built during his tenure. Two degree colleges were sanctioned by the Department of Higher Education, Govt of Jammu and Kashmir, due to his efforts. One at Majalta and other at Dudu-Basantgarh. Pathania was adjudged as “Best Legislator for year 2016”. A lawyer turned politician, Pathania was the youngest legislator in the erstwhile State to be awarded with such coveted honour at the time.
On 29 January 2018, Pathania countered the stand of Kashmir based politicians including the then Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti and the then leader of the opposition Omar Abdullah over the killings in Ganawpora, Shopian, in which an FIR had been regisatered on Indian Army personnel belonging to Rashtriya Rifles. He demanded the immediate withdrawal of FIR register against the army and ask for governmental inquiry in the matter.
He is known for organising monthly public grievance redressals in his constituency in presence of concerned officers. He has timely raised his voice for the lower allocation of funds regarding welfare of SCs and STs in the budget of J&K, consumer protection law, ration supply , demand for take-over of historic religious shrines of Chountara Mata and Pingla Mata, separate Hill Development Council for under-developed areas, application of Minimum Wages Act, Special Police Officers (SPO), Rehbar-e-Taleem teachers (ReT), daily wagers, contractual workers, transfer policy for ReTs, Shortage of staff in health institutes, etc.
Pathania lauded the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 (106th constitutional amendment bill) standing for 1/3rd women in Parliament & State Assemblies. He called it the greatest step towards women empowerment in India.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Votes % | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote % |
| 2024 | Udhampur East | BJP | Won | 41.64% | Pawan Khajuria | Independent | 38.67% |
| 2014 | Ramnagar | BJP | Won | 55.71% | Harsh Dev Singh | JKNPP | 34.56% |
| 2008 | Ramnagar | Independent | Lost | 14.31% | Harsh Dev Singh | JKNPP | 47.18% |
# Halbmondlager

The Halbmondlager was a prisoner-of-war camp in Wünsdorf (now part of Zossen), Germany, during the First World War. The name translates as Crescent Camp or Half-Moon Camp (sometimes also used as a name in English publications) and refers to the crescent, a symbol of Islam.
The camp housed approximately 30,000 Arab, Indian, and African prisoners of war from the British and French allied armies. The primary purpose of the camp was to persuade detainees to wage jihad against the United Kingdom and France, in line with the 1914 Ottoman jihad proclamation, serving as a showcase for Germany's war propaganda. To that end, "detainees lived in relative luxury and were given everything they needed to practise their faith". The camp was the site of the first mosque to be built in Germany, a large and ornate wooden structure completed in July 1915. The mosque, requested by the Grand Mufti of Constantinople (Ottoman Empire), was financed by the Prussian Army and modeled after the Dome of the Rock. It was demolished in 1925–1926 due to disrepair.
About 80 Sikh prisoners and Hindus from British India were also held in the camp, as well as around 50 Irishmen, and two Australian Aboriginal soldiers (Roland Carter and Douglas Grant). A subcamp, known as Inderlager (Camp of Indians), was established to house prisoners from India who were not openly pro-British; those who were pro-British had been sent to other camps instead.
The leader of the "jihad experiment" was Max von Oppenheim, a German diplomat and aristocrat. He established an office nearby to lead a propaganda campaign with the "show camp", "self-consciously styled as a theatre for the wider world", at its centre. Oppenheim was assisted by Shaykh Sâlih al-Sharîf, a Tunisian who had served in the Ottoman Empire's intelligence agency. He served as a spiritual leader for the detainees. Furthermore, Oppenheim cooperated with the Berlin Committee (later: Indian Independence Committee) in order to publish a propagandist Urdu- and Hindi-language newspaper, which was distributed in the camp.
Anthropologists, musicologists like Robert Lachmann and linguists used the 'favourable conditions' within the camp to conduct research. The Royal Prussian Phonographic Commission, under the auspices of the linguist Wilhelm Doegen, set out to record voice and language samples in the shape of stories, poems and songs of over 250 languages. The remaining recordings are held at the phonographic archive of the Humboldt Universität of Berlin. In 2014/15, an exhibition called Phonographed Sounds - Photographed Moments presented sound and image documents from WWI German prison camps.
Up to 3,000 of the detainees from the camp were recruited into the German Army to fight in North Africa and the Middle East. However, low morale and troop revolt plagued the resulting divisions, and few believed in the jihadist cause. In 1917 the remaining prisoners were forced to agricultural labour in Romania.
The story of the camp was largely omitted from English-language texts, until nearly a century after the war. It was discussed extensively in German history works.
# Aizkraukle Municipality

Aizkraukle Municipality (Latvian: Aizkraukles novads) is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. Its center is the town of Aizkraukle. The municipality was first formed in 2001 by merging Aizkraukle and Aizkraukle Parish. The population in 2020 was 8,024.
As a part of the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the municipalities of Aizkraukle, Jaunjelgava, Koknese, Nereta, Pļaviņas and Skrīveri were merged into a new Aizkraukle Municipality. The new municipality encompasses nearly all of the area of the former Aizkraukle district, with the omission of Kurmene Parish and Valle Parish. It borders Lithuania and is partially located both in Vidzeme and Selonia.

## Subdivisions

* Aiviekste Parish
* Aizkraukle Parish
* Aizkraukle
* Bebri Parish
* Daudzese Parish
* Irši Parish
* Jaunjelgava Parish
* Jaunjelgava
* Klintaine Parish
* Koknese Parish
* Koknese
* Mazzalve Parish
* Nereta Parish
* Pilskalne Parish
* Pļaviņas
* Sece Parish
* Sērene Parish
* Skrīveri Parish
* Staburags Parish
* Sunākste Parish
* Vietalva Parish
* Zalve Parish

## Twin towns – sister cities

Aizkraukle is twinned with:
* Biržai, Lithuania
* Eppstein, Germany
* Kiskunhalas, Hungary
* Slavutych, Ukraine
* Tczew, Poland
* Thale, Germany

## Images

* Aizkraukle Municipality Council building
* Landscape in Pilskalne Parish
* Monument to Jānis Jaunsudrabiņš in Nereta Parish
* Jaunjelgava Parish administration building
* Pļaviņas Hydroelectric Power Station
* Koknese Castle Ruins
* Skrīveri Confectionary Plant, notable for its Gotiņa milk caramels
* Bebri Potato Mutiny of 1841 [lv] Memorial in Jaunbebri Manor
* Monument to folklorist Gotthard Friedrich Stender at Sunākste Church
# Joris Minne

Joris Minne (Ostend, 1897 – Antwerp, 1988) was a Belgian sculptor, graphic artist, illustrator and painter who helped revive the art of engraving in Belgium.

## Life and work

Joris Minne was born in Ostend. His parents moved to Antwerp soon after he was born. In Antwerp, he completed middle school and then went to the higher school (ateneum) where one of his teachers was August Borms. During the weekend, he attended art classes at the Berchem Academy of Fine Arts. Here, one of his teachers was Frans Mortelmans.
During World War I Minne took a job at the Antwerp city Welfare Department. Here he came into contact with Roger Avermaete who was departmental head. Roger Avermaete had a circle of artistic friends who decided to found a magazine. The magazine Lumière was first published in Antwerp in August 1919. The magazine was an artistic and literary journal published in French. Lumière's title was a reference to the magazine Clarté, that was published in Paris by Henri Barbusse. The principal five artists who illustrated the text and the column headings were Frans Masereel, Jan Frans Cantré, Jozef Cantré, Henri van Straten and Joris Minne. They became known as 'De Vijf' or 'Les Cinq' ('The Five'). The magazine Lumière was a key force in generating renewed interest in wood engraving in Belgium. The five artists in 'De Vijf' group were instrumental in popularizing the art of wood, copper and linoleum engraving and introducing Expressionism in early 20th-century Belgium.
In 1939 Minne started sculpting and won widespread recognition for his sculptures in 1950 with an exhibition in Antwerp's Middelheimpark. He mainly sculpted wood.
Minne's pupils include Chantal De Hemptinne, Claire Pâques, Giele Roelofs and Niel Steenbergen.

## Honours

* 1919 : Commander of the Order of Leopold.
# Packet over SONET/SDH

Packet over SONET/SDH, abbreviated POS, is a communications protocol for transmitting packets in the form of the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) over SDH or SONET, which are both standard protocols for communicating digital information using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs) over optical fibre at high line rates.
POS is defined by RFC 2615 as PPP over SONET/SDH. PPP was designed as a standard method of communicating over point-to-point links and is thus suited to SONET/SDH links because these use point-to-point circuits.

## History

Cisco was involved in making POS an important wide area network protocol. PMC-Sierra produced an important series of early semiconductor devices which implemented POS.

## Applications

The most important application of POS is to support sending of IP packets across wide area networks. Large amounts of traffic on the Internet are carried over POS links. POS is also one of the link layers used by the Resilient Packet Ring standard known as IEEE 802.17.

## Security

Scrambling is performed during insertion of the PPP packets into the SONET/SDH frame to avoid various security attacks including denial-of-service attacks and the imitation of SONET/SDH alarms. This modification was justified as cost-effective because the scrambling algorithm was already used by the standard used to transport ATM cells over SONET/SDH. However, scrambling can optionally be disabled to allow a node to be compatible with another node that uses the now obsoleted RFC 1619 version of Packet over SONET/SDH which lacks the scrambler.

## Complementary Interfaces

The System Packet Interface series of standards from the Optical Internetworking Forum including SPI-4.2 and SPI-3 and their predecessors PL-4 and PL-3 are commonly used as the interface between packet processing devices and framer devices that implement POS. The acronym PL-4 means POS-PHY Layer 4.
# Tomb of Najib-ud-Daula

The Tomb of Najib-ud-Daula is an 18th-century mausoleum built for Mughal commander and Afghan Rohilla Chieftain Najib-ud-Daula. The mausoleum dates from 1751, and is in Najibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
# Yelena Oblova

Elena Aleksandrovna Vorobeva née Oblova (Russian: Елена Александровна Воробьёва (Облова), born 18 April 1988 in Kolomna) is a Croatian sailor.

## Career

She competed for Russia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London/Weymouth sailing the Elliott 6m Class with her teammates Yekaterina Skudina and Yelena Syuzeva.
She competed for Croatia at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo sailing the Laser Radial. Finished 12th out of 44 participants. She also competed for Croatia at the Paris 2024 Olympics in Marseille and finished 6th out of 43 competitors.
# Lamjed Ameur

Lamjed Ameur (born 9 February 1990) is a Tunisian footballer who plays for Al-Hilal as a forward.
# Meghalayan cuisine

Meghalayan cuisine is the local cuisine of the Indian state of Meghalaya. Meghalaya is home to three tribes; it has a unique cuisine, different from the other Seven Sister States of northeast India. The staple food of the people is rice with spicy meat and fish preparations. They rear goats, pigs, fowl, ducks and cows and relish their meat.
The dishes of Khasis and Jaintia are Jadoh, Ki Kpu, tung rymbai, and pickled bamboo shoots; bamboo shoots are also a favorite dish of the Garos. Garos eat both domesticated and non-domesticated animals, though their everyday staples are simple foods such as rice with kapa, cooked with a special ingredient called purambhi masala.
# Seal of Northampton County, Virginia

The seal of Northampton County, Virginia, was developed to reflect the county's history, its traditional way of life and its ties to the marine environment.
The gold rope which borders the seal represents the county's bond to the sea and its geographic location between the Atlantic Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay. The four panels represent the county's economy (in agriculture and fisheries), life-style (coastal) and the community's relationship with the environment (depicted by the crabs, fish and geese).
The three dates in the inner circle represent:
* The first recorded English landing in 1603 by Bartholomew Gilbert.
* The first permanent English settlement in 1620.
* Recognition as an original shire of the colony governed by England in 1634.
The black stems separating the gold band signify the points of the compass and the county's nautical history. The blue field surrounding the map represents clear skies and calm seas. The gold band depicts the county as a "unique area; precious and rare." Northampton County, shown in white, represents sunlight and a desire to do well.
# Allen Park Public Schools

Allen Park Public Schools is a school district in Allen Park, Michigan, United States.

## History

The school district first opened Lapham School north of Southfield on Horger Street. Originally a K–8 school, students would end up going to a Detroit public high school after Lapham.
the district later opened Allen Park High School on Champaign Rd. in 1950. They also built five elementary schools and one middle school in the 1960s.
North Junior High was on Allen Rd. in front of Pretty Family Park, and later became an office building.
The 5 Elementary schools were-
* Sudman, on Philomene Blvd. (1946–1984)
* Riley, on Moore (Later became Community School for students needing special education, and the location of school district)
* Bennie, Next to Allen Park High School
* Lindemann, on Carter near Wick
* Arno, near Markese.
Lapham was later closed and turned into the school district office and community center, followed by the closure of Sudman High School, torn down and left as a public park named Sudman Park.
Following the closure of a middle school on Allen Road, a new middle school was constructed on Vine, near Lincoln Park. The old middle school was sold and rented out as an office building. The current principal is Patrick Donohue and the current assistant principal is Bruce Andrews.
The district later closed and tore down the Lapham building and closed Riley, turning it into the district office and special education center. As of June 2022, Riley had ceased operations as special education school and now serves solely as the district office due to budget cuts.

## Board of education

The district is governed by a seven-member Board of Education. The Board's President is Gordon Miller, and Vice President of Operations is Michael J. Klein. Former Lindemann Elementary principal Michael Darga is the superintendent of the school district.

## Schools
### High School

* Allen Park High School

### Middle School

* Allen Park Middle School

### Elementary

* Arno Elementary
* Bennie Elementary
* Lindemann Elementary
# Edomoji

Edomoji (Japanese: 江戸文字, えどもじ) (or edo-moji) are Japanese typefaces invented for advertising during the Edo period. The main styles of edomoji are chōchinmoji, found on paper lanterns outside restaurants; higemoji, used to label kakigōri and drinks like ramune and sake; kagomoji, literally "cage letters"; kakuji, a thick and rectangular seal script; kanteiryū, often used on flyers for performances such as kabuki and rakugo; and yosemoji, a mix of chōchinmoji and kanteiryū.

## Chōchinmoji

Chōchinmoji (提灯文字) characters are the ones used on chōchin (hanging paper lanterns), such as the ones commonly seen outside yakitori stands in Japan.

## Higemoji

Higemoji (髭文字) characters have little "whiskers" (hige) on them. This style is used for kakigōri and ramune signs as well as being a common style for sake labels. While this gyosho-esque script appears fluid and spontaneous, it follows a strict ruleset based on the Chinese-originating "7–5–3 pattern". The brushstrokes must appear as seven distinct bristle lines, with narrower passages requiring five, and three as the stroke terminates.

## Kagomoji

Kagomoji (籠文字) literally means "cage letters". The characters are thick and square in shape. It is usually used in inverted form or sometimes as an outline.

## Kakuji

Kakuji (角字) is a very heavy, rectangular style used for making seals and inspired from folded-style Mongolian traditional script.

## Kanteiryū

Kanteiryū (勘亭流), also known as kantei or shibaimoji (芝居文字), is a style is used for publicity and programmes for arts like kabuki and rakugo. Invented by Okazakiya Kanroku (岡崎屋 勘六), the name derives from Okazaki's nickname, kantei (勘亭).

### Kabukimoji

Kabukimoji is a style specifically associated with kabuki.

### Sumōmoji

Sumōmoji (相撲文字), also known as sumōji or chikaramoji, is a style used for sumo wrestling advertisements and programmes.

## Yosemoji

The name Yosemoji (寄席文字, lit. "letters for yose") is used in Japanese theater. A combination of kanteiryū and chōchinmoji, it was used for posters and flyers, as well as in rakugo performances (e.g. mekuri), nafuda, and nobori. Unlike other calligraphic styles, yosemoji allows and even encourages multiple brushstrokes in order to fill in the characters as much as possible.
# Li Gonglin

Li Gonglin (李公麟, 1049–1106), style name Boshi (伯時), art name Longmian Jushi (龍眠居士, Householder of the Sleeping Dragon), was a Chinese antiquarian, painter, and politician during the Northern Song dynasty.

## Biography

Born into a scholarly home near what is modern day Lu'an, Li Gonglin passed the highest level of civil service examinations at 21 and became a civil officer. He moved to serve at the capital of Kaifeng, a common path at the time. It was there that he became increasingly familiar with the literary figures of the day, both collecting and copying their works.

## Art

He became famous for his paintings of horses, then he turned to Buddhism and Taoism religious painting, as well as portrait and landscape painting. His painting style was attributed to the style of Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi. He made antiquarian contributions in the areas of copperware and Jade Seal dated between the Xia dynasty and the Zhou dynasty. Li published influential catalogues on his collections. The catalogues, of which none survive, featured a line drawing of each artefact, the philological origin of any inscriptions, and a discussion of the function of the artefact based on his interpretation of received texts.$^{:82}$ Li's work lay the foundation of Song antiquarian nomenclature and use interpretation of ancient bronze vessels. For example, his use of the term taotie based on 3rd and 4th century BCE scripture for a mask like decoration on bronze vessels, became standard vocabulary for the description of bronze vessels and is still used by scholars today.$^{:84}$