# List of parties to the Genocide Convention

The list of parties to the Genocide Convention encompasses the states who have signed and ratified or acceded to Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to prevent and punish actions of genocide in war and in peacetime.
On 11 December 1948, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was opened for signature. Ethiopia became the first state to deposit the treaty on 1 July 1949. Ethiopia was also among the very few countries that incorporated the convention in its national law immediately— as early as the 1950s. The treaty came into force and closed for signature on 12 January 1951. Since then, states that did not sign the treaty can now only accede to it. The instrument of ratification, accession, or succession is deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations
As of June 2024, 153 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty, most recently Zambia in April 2022. One state, the Dominican Republic, has signed but not ratified the treaty.

## Ratified or acceded states

| State | Signed | Deposited | Method |
| Afghanistan | | 22 Mar 1956 | Accession |
| Albania | | 12 May 1955 | Accession |
| Algeria | | 31 Oct 1963 | Accession |
| Andorra | | 22 Sep 2006 | Accession |
| Antigua and Barbuda | | 25 Oct 1988 | Succession from United Kingdom |
| Argentina | | 5 Jun 1956 | Accession |
| Armenia | | 23 Jun 1993 | Accession |
| Australia | 11 Dec 1948 | 8 Jul 1949 | Ratification |
| Austria | | 19 Mar 1958 | Accession |
| Azerbaijan | | 16 Aug 1996 | Accession |
| Bahamas | | 5 Aug 1975 | Succession from United Kingdom |
| Bahrain | | 27 Mar 1990 | Accession |
| Bangladesh | | 5 Oct 1998 | Accession |
| Barbados | | 14 Jan 1980 | Accession |
| Belarus | 16 Dec 1949 | 11 Aug 1954 | Ratification as Byelorussian SSR |
| Belgium | 12 Dec 1949 | 5 Sep 1951 | Ratification |
| Belize | | 10 Mar 1998 | Accession |
| Benin | | 2 Nov 2017 | Accession |
| Bolivia | 11 Dec 1948 | 14 Jun 2005 | Ratification |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | | 29 Dec 1992 | Succession from Yugoslavia Signed 11 December 1948 Ratified 29 August 1950 |
| Brazil | 11 Dec 1948 | 15 Apr 1952 | Ratification |
| Bulgaria | | 21 Jul 1950 | Accession |
| Burkina Faso | | 14 Sep 1965 | Accession |
| Burundi | | 6 Jan 1997 | Accession |
| Cambodia | | 14 Oct 1950 | Accession |
| Canada | 28 Nov 1949 | 3 Sep 1952 | Ratification |
| Cape Verde | | 10 Oct 2011 | Accession |
| Chile | 11 Dec 1948 | 3 Jun 1953 | Ratification |
| China | 20 Jul 1949 | 18 Apr 1983 | Ratification Signed as Republic of China |
| Colombia | 12 Aug 1949 | 27 Oct 1959 | Ratification |
| Comoros | | 27 Sep 2004 | Accession |
| Costa Rica | | 14 Oct 1950 | Accession |
| Ivory Coast | | 18 Dec 1995 | Accession |
| Croatia | | 12 Oct 1992 | Succession from Yugoslavia Signed 11 December 1948 Ratified 29 August 1950 |
| Cuba | 28 Dec 1949 | 4 Mar 1953 | Ratification |
| Cyprus | | 29 Mar 1982 | Accession |
| Czech Republic | | 22 Feb 1993 | Succession from Czechoslovakia Signed 28 December 1949 Ratified 21 December 1950 |
| DR Congo | | 31 May 1962 | Succession as Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) from Belgium |
| Denmark | 28 Sep 1949 | 15 Jun 1951 | Ratification |
| Dominica | | 13 May 2019 | Accession |
| Ecuador | 11 Dec 1948 | 21 Dec 1949 | Ratification |
| Egypt | 12 Dec 1948 | 8 Feb 1952 | Ratification |
| El Salvador | 27 Apr 1949 | 28 Sep 1950 | Ratification |
| Estonia | | 21 Oct 1991 | Accession |
| Ethiopia | 11 Dec 1948 | 1 Jul 1949 | Ratification |
| Fiji | | 11 Jan 1973 | Succession from United Kingdom |
| Finland | | 18 Dec 1959 | Accession |
| France | 11 Dec 1948 | 14 Oct 1950 | Ratification |
| Gabon | | 21 Jan 1983 | Accession |
| Gambia | | 29 Dec 1978 | Accession |
| Georgia | | 11 Oct 1993 | Accession |
| Germany | | 24 Nov 1954 | Accession as West Germany Also East Germany Acceded 27 March 1973 |
| Ghana | | 24 Dec 1958 | Accession |
| Greece | 29 Dec 1949 | 8 Dec 1954 | Ratification |
| Guatemala | 22 Jun 1949 | 13 Jan 1950 | Ratification |
| Guinea | | 7 Sep 2000 | Accession |
| Guinea-Bissau | | 24 Sep 2013 | Accession |
| Haiti | 11 Dec 1948 | 14 Oct 1950 | Ratification |
| Honduras | 22 Apr 1949 | 5 Mar 1952 | Ratification |
| Hungary | | 7 Jan 1952 | Accession |
| Iceland | 14 May 1949 | 29 Aug 1949 | Ratification |
| India | 29 Nov 1949 | 27 Aug 1959 | Ratification |
| Iran | 8 Dec 1949 | 14 Aug 1956 | Ratification |
| Iraq | | 20 Jan 1959 | Accession |
| Ireland | | 22 Jun 1976 | Accession |
| Israel | 17 Aug 1949 | 9 Mar 1950 | Ratification |
| Italy | | 4 Jun 1952 | Accession |
| Jamaica | | 23 Sep 1968 | Accession |
| Jordan | | 3 Apr 1950 | Accession |
| Kazakhstan | | 26 Aug 1998 | Accession |
| Kuwait | | 7 Mar 1995 | Accession |
| Kyrgyzstan | | 5 Sep 1997 | Accession |
| Laos | | 8 Dec 1950 | Accession |
| Latvia | | 14 Apr 1992 | Accession |
| Lebanon | 30 Dec 1949 | 17 Dec 1953 | Ratification |
| Lesotho | | 29 Nov 1974 | Accession |
| Liberia | 11 Dec 1948 | 9 Jun 1950 | Ratification |
| Libya | | 16 May 1989 | Accession |
| Liechtenstein | | 24 Mar 1994 | Accession |
| Lithuania | | 1 Feb 1996 | Accession |
| Luxembourg | | 7 Oct 1981 | Accession |
| Malaysia | | 20 Dec 1994 | Accession |
| Maldives | | 24 Apr 1984 | Accession |
| Mali | | 16 Jul 1974 | Accession |
| Malta | | 6 Jun 2014 | Accession |
| Mauritius | | 8 Jul 2019 | Accession |
| Mexico | 14 Dec 1948 | 22 Jul 1952 | Ratification |
| Moldova | | 26 Jan 1993 | Accession |
| Monaco | | 30 Mar 1950 | Accession |
| Mongolia | | 5 Jan 1967 | Accession |
| Montenegro | 19 Jul 2006 | 23 Oct 2006 | Succession from Serbia and Montenegro |
| Morocco | | 24 Jan 1958 | Accession |
| Mozambique | | 18 Apr 1983 | Accession |
| Myanmar | 30 Dec 1949 | 14 Mar 1956 | Ratification |
| Namibia | | 28 Nov 1994 | Accession |
| Nepal | | 17 Jan 1969 | Accession |
| Netherlands | | 20 Jun 1966 | Accession |
| New Zealand | 25 Nov 1949 | 28 Dec 1978 | Ratification |
| Nicaragua | | 29 Jan 1952 | Accession |
| Nigeria | | 27 Jul 2009 | Accession |
| North Korea | | 31 Jan 1989 | Accession |
| North Macedonia | | 18 Jan 1994 | Succession from Yugoslavia Signed 11 December 1948 Ratified 29 August 1950 |
| Norway | 11 Dec 1948 | 22 Jul 1949 | Ratification |
| Pakistan | 11 Dec 1948 | 12 Oct 1957 | Ratification |
| Palestine | | 2 Apr 2014 | Accession |
| Panama | 11 Dec 1948 | 11 Jan 1950 | Ratification |
| Papua New Guinea | | 27 Jan 1982 | Accession |
| Paraguay | 11 Dec 1948 | 3 Oct 2001 | Ratification |
| Peru | 11 Dec 1948 | 24 Feb 1960 | Ratification |
| Philippines | 11 Dec 1948 | 7 Jul 1950 | Ratification |
| Poland | | 14 Nov 1950 | Accession |
| Portugal | | 9 Feb 1999 | Accession |
| Romania | | 2 Nov 1950 | Accession |
| Russia | 16 Dec 1949 | 3 May 1954 | Ratification as Soviet Union |
| Rwanda | | 16 Apr 1975 | Accession |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | | 9 Nov 1981 | Accession |
| San Marino | | 8 Nov 2013 | Accession |
| Saudi Arabia | | 13 Jul 1950 | Accession |
| Senegal | | 4 Aug 1983 | Accession |
| Serbia | | 12 Mar 2001 | Accession as Serbia and Montenegro |
| Seychelles | | 5 May 1992 | Accession |
| Singapore | | 18 Aug 1995 | Accession |
| Slovakia | | 28 May 1993 | Succession from Czechoslovakia Signed 28 December 1949 Ratified 21 December 1950 |
| Slovenia | | 6 Jul 1992 | Succession from Yugoslavia Signed 11 December 1948 Ratified 29 August 1950 |
| South Africa | | 10 Dec 1998 | Ratification |
| South Korea | | 14 Oct 1950 | Accession |
| Spain | | 13 Sep 1968 | Accession |
| Sri Lanka | | 12 Oct 1950 | Accession |
| Sudan | | 13 Oct 2003 | Accession |
| Sweden | 30 Dec 1949 | 27 May 1952 | Ratification |
| Switzerland | | 7 Sep 2000 | Accession |
| Syria | | 25 Jun 1955 | Accession |
| Tajikistan | | 3 Nov 2015 | Accession |
| Tanzania | | 5 Apr 1984 | Accession |
| Togo | | 24 May 1984 | Accession |
| Tonga | | 16 Feb 1972 | Accession |
| Trinidad and Tobago | | 13 Dec 2002 | Accession |
| Tunisia | | 29 Nov 1956 | Accession |
| Turkey | | 31 Jul 1950 | Accession |
| Uganda | | 14 Nov 1995 | Accession |
| Ukraine | 16 Dec 1949 | 15 Nov 1954 | Ratification as Ukrainian SSR |
| United Arab Emirates | | 11 Nov 2005 | Accession |
| United Kingdom | | 30 Jan 1970 | Accession |
| United States | 11 Dec 1948 | 25 Nov 1988 | Ratification |
| Uruguay | 11 Dec 1948 | 11 Jul 1967 | Ratification |
| Uzbekistan | | 9 Sep 1999 | Accession |
| Venezuela | | 12 Jul 1960 | Accession |
| Vietnam | | 9 Jun 1981 | Accession |
| Yemen | | 9 Feb 1987 | Accession as South Yemen Also North Yemen Acceded 6 April 1989 |
| Zambia | | 20 Apr 2022 | Accession |
| Zimbabwe | | 13 May 1991 | Accession |

## Unrecognized state, ratified treaty

| State | Signed | Deposited | Method |
| Republic of China | 20 Jul 1949 | 19 Jul 1951 | Ratification |

## State that has signed but not ratified

| State | Signed |
| Dominican Republic | 11 Dec 1948 |

## Municipal laws

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) came into effect in January 1951. Article 5, 6 and 7 of the CPPCG cover obligations that sovereign states that are parties to the convention must undertake to enact:
   Art. 5: The Contracting Parties undertake to enact, in accordance with their respective Constitutions, the necessary legislation to give effect to the provisions of the present Convention, and, in particular, to provide effective penalties for persons guilty of genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III.
   Art. 6: Persons charged with genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be tried by a competent tribunal of the State in the territory of which the act was committed, or by such international penal tribunal as may have jurisdiction with respect to those Contracting Parties which shall have accepted its jurisdiction.
   Art. 7 Genocide and the other acts enumerated in article III shall not be considered as political crimes for the purpose of extradition. The Contracting Parties pledge themselves in such cases to grant extradition in accordance with their laws and treaties in force.
Since 1951 the following states have enacted provisions within their municipal law to prosecute or extradite perpetrators of genocide:
| State/Jurisdiction | Provisions | Notes |
| Albania | Chap. 1, Crimes Against Humanity, of the Criminal Code | See Genocide Law (Albania, 1995) |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Genocide Act, Laws, Vol. 4. | |
| Argentina | | |
| Armenia | Article 393 of the Criminal code. | |
| Australia | Division 268 of the Criminal Code | As inserted by the International Criminal Court (Consequential Amendments) Act 2002. |
| Austria | Paragraph 321 of the Strafgesetzbuch 1974. | Austrian law classifies all acts intended to annihilate a national, ethnic or religious group partially or in its entirety, create circumstances suitable to cause such events, create sterility in the group or other measures intended to prevent wilful procreation, or forcefully abducting children of said group to integrate them into another as genocide, with a statutory sentence of life imprisonment. Conspiracy to commit such acts carries a penalty of one to ten years imprisonment. |
| Azerbaijan | Article 103 and 104 of the Criminal Code. | |
| Bahrain | Decree No. 4 of 1990 (on genocide). | |
| Bangladesh | International Crimes (Tribunals) Act 1973. | |
| Barbados | Genocide Act, chapter 133A. | |
| Belarus | Article 127 of the Criminal Code. | |
| Belgium | Law on serious violations of international humanitarian law, 10 February 1999. | In 1993 Belgium had adopted universal jurisdiction, allowing prosecution of genocide, committed by anybody in the world. The practice was widely applauded by many human rights groups, because it made legal action possible to perpetrators who did not have a direct link with Belgium, and whose victims were not Belgian citizens or residents. Ten years later in 2003, Belgium repealed the law on universal jurisdiction (under pressure from the United States). However, some cases which had already started continued. These included those concerning the Rwandan genocide, and complaints filed against the Chadian ex-President Hissène Habré. In a Belgium court case lodged on 18 June 2001 by 23 survivors of the 1982 Sabra and Shatila massacre, the prosecution alleged that Ariel Sharon, former Israeli defence minister (and Israel's Prime Minister in 2001–2006), as well as other Israelis committed a number of crimes including genocide, because "all the constituent elements of the crime of genocide, as defined in the 1948 Convention and as reproduced in article 6 of the ICC Statute and in article 1§1 of the law of 16 June 1993, are present". This allegation was not tested in Belgium court because on 12 February 2003 the Court of Cassation (Belgian Supreme Court) ruled that under international customary law, acting heads of state and government can not become the object of proceedings before criminal tribunals in foreign state (although for the crime of genocide they could be the subject of proceedings of an international tribunal). This ruling was a reiteration of a decision made a year earlier by the International Court of Justice on 14 February 2002. Following these ruling in June 2003 the Belgian Justice Ministry decided to start a procedure to transfer the case to Israel. |
| Bolivia | Article 138 of the Código Penal. | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Article 141 of the Penal Code. | List of Bosnian genocide prosecutions#The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Brazil | Law No. 2.889 of 1 October 1956. | The Helmet Massacre of the Tikuna people took place in 1988, and was initially treated as homicide. Since 1994 it has been treated by the Brazilian courts as a genocide. Thirteen men were convicted of genocide in 2001. In November 2004 at the appeal before Brazil's federal court, the man initially found guilty of hiring men to carry out the genocide was acquitted, and the other men had their initial sentences of 15–25 years reduced to 12 years. In a news letter published on 7 August 2006 the Indianist Missionary Council reported that: "In a plenary session, the [Brazilian] Supreme Federal Court (STF) reaffirmed that the crime known as the Haximu Massacre [perpetrated on the Yanomami Indians in 1993] was a genocide and that the decision of a federal court to sentence miners to 19 years in prison for genocide in connection with other offenses, such as smuggling and illegal mining, is valid. It was a unanimous decision made during the judgement of Extraordinary Appeal (RE) 351487 today, the 3rd, in the morning by justices of the Supreme Court". Commenting on the case the NGO Survival International said "The UN convention on genocide, ratified by Brazil, states that the killing 'with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group' is genocide. The Supreme Court's ruling is highly significant and sends an important warning to those who continue to commit crimes against indigenous peoples in Brazil." |
| Bulgaria | Article 416 on Genocide, of the Criminal Code. | |
| Burkina Faso | Article 313 of the Code Pénal. | |
| Burundi | | In 2003 the transitional parliament in Burundi passed a law, introduced to parliament by the Burundian Foreign Minister Therence Sinunguruzaa, chiefly aimed at preventing genocide. |
| Cambodia | Law for prosecuting crimes committed from 1975 to 1979. | |
| Canada | Act on genocide and war crimes, Article 318 on Advocating Genocide. | In Canada the Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act makes it an offence under Canadian law to commit genocide, whether inside or outside Canada. A person may be charged under this law if, at the time of the crime, the perpetrator was a Canadian citizen or was employed by Canada, if the victim was a Canadian citizen or a citizen of a country allied to Canada, if the perpetrator was a citizen of, or employed by, a country that Canada was engaged in armed conflict with or if, at any time after committing the crime, the perpetrator enters Canadian territory. |
| Colombia | Articles 101 & 102 of the Código Penal. | |
| Costa Rica | Article 127 of the Código Penal (14 April 1998). | The law includes political groups or social groups as a protected group. |
| Côte d'Ivoire | Article 137 of the Code Pénal. | |
| Croatia | Article 156 of the Penal Code. | |
| Cuba | Article 361 of the Código Penal. | |
| Cyprus | Uw 59/ 1980. | |
| Czech Republic | Article 400 of the Penal Code. | |
| Denmark | Law Nr. 132 of 29 April 1955. | |
| El Salvador | Article 361 of the Código Penal. | |
| Estonia | Article 91 of the Karistusseadustik eriosa. | |
| Ethiopia | Article 281 of the Penal Code of 1957. | |
| Fiji | Chapter 34 (Genocide) of the Penal Code. | |
| Finland | Criminal Code | Genocide has been criminalized as a separate crime in Finland since 1995 and carries a penalty from 4 years to life sentence. In addition to actual killing, the description of the crime (joukkotuhonta) covers also cultural assimilation by means of separating children from their original national, ethnic, racial or religious group. Attempted genocide or planning it are punishable. Genocide, as a number of other crimes of international nature is inside Finnish universal jurisdiction, but under Chapter 1, Section 12 of the Criminal Code, incidents of it abroad may not be investigated unless the Prosecutor General gives an order to do this. In 2010 a Rwandan refugee, François Bazaramba was convicted to life in prison for participation in the Rwandan genocide. |
| France | Article 211-1 of the Code Pénal. | The French law defines "a group determined by any arbitrary criteria" which is far broader than that found in the CPPCG. |
| Georgia | Article 651 (genocide) of the penal code | |
| Germany | Article 220a of the Strafgesetzbuch (1954), superseded by article 6 of the Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (2002). | Prior to the 2007 ICJ ruling on the Bosnian Genocide Case German courts handed down several convictions for genocide during the Bosnian War. Novislav Djajić was indicted for participation in genocide, but the Bavarian Higher Regional Court failed to find beyond a reasonable doubt that he had intended to commit genocide. He was found guilty of 14 cases of murder and one case of attempted murder, receiving a sentence of 5 years imprisonment. At Djajic's appeal on 23 May 1997, the Bavarian Appeals Court found that acts of genocide were committed in June 1992, though confined within the administrative district of Foča. The Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) of Düsseldorf, in September 1997, handed down a genocide conviction against Nikola Jorgić, a Bosnian Serb from the Doboj region who was the leader of a paramilitary group located in the Doboj region. He was sentenced to four terms of life imprisonment for his involvement in genocidal actions that took place in regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, other than Srebrenica. "On 29 November 1999, the Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) of Düsseldorf condemned Maksim Sokolović to 9 years in prison for aiding and abetting the crime of genocide and for grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions". |
| Ghana | Criminal Code (Amendment) Act, 1993 Section 1: Genocide | |
| Guatemala | Article 376 of the Código Penal |
| Hong Kong | Hong Kong, Section 9A, Offences Against Person Ordinance (Cap. 212) | |
| Hungary | Article 155 of the Penal Code | |
| Iceland | Genocide Act, 144/2018 | |
| Indonesia | Article 8 - Number 26, 2000 – Genocide | |
| Iraq | statute of the Iraqi Special Tribunal, issued 10 December 2003 | |
| Ireland | Genocide Act, 1973 | |
| Israel | Israeli Law on the Crime of Genocide, 5710 -1950 | |
| Italy | law on Genocide of 9 October 1967, n. 962 | |
| Jamaica | Offenses against the person (amendment) 1968, s. 33 | |
| Kiribati (Gilbert Islands) | Penal Code Article 52 (Genocide) | |
| Kyrgyzstan | Article 373 of the Criminal Code | |
| Latvia | Article 71 of the Penal Code | |
| Liechtenstein | Article 321 of the Penal Code | |
| Lithuania | Article 99 of the Criminal Code | |
| Luxembourg | Genocide law, 8 August 1985 | |
| Macau | Article 230 of the Penal Code of Macau. | |
| Mali | Article 30 of the Code Pénal | |
| Mexico | Article 149 of the Código Penal | |
| New Zealand | International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act 2000. | |
| Netherlands | Act Implementing the Conv. on Genocide, 2 July 1964. | Dutch law restricts prosecutions for genocide to its nationals. On December 23, 2005, a Dutch court ruled in a case brought against Frans van Anraat for supplying chemicals to Iraq, that "[it] thinks and considers legally and convincingly proven that the Kurdish population meets the requirement under the genocide conventions as an ethnic group. The court has no other conclusion: that these attacks were committed with the intent to destroy the Kurdish population of Iraq" and because he supplied the chemicals before 16 March 1988, the date of the Halabja poison gas attack, he is guilty of a war crime but not guilty of complicity in genocide. |
| Nicaragua | Article 549 & 550 of the Código Penal. | |
| Panama | Article 311 of the Código Penal. | |
| Paraguay | Articulo 319 9 of the Código Penal. | |
| Peru | Title XIV (Law # 26926 (Article 129 of the Código Penal)). | The law includes political groups or social groups as a protected group. |
| Philippines | Section 5 of the Philippine Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law (Republic Act No. 9851) | |
| Poland | Article 118 of the Kodeks Karny (penal code). | |
| Portugal | Article 239 of the Codigo Penal. | The law includes political groups or social groups as a protected group. |
| Republic of the Congo | Law No. 8 - 98 of 31 October 1998 on genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. | |
| Romania | Article 356 of the Penal Code. | |
| Russia | Article 357 of the Federal Criminal Code. | |
| Rwanda | Organic Law No. 08/96 on Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. | |
| Serbia | Article 370 of the Penal Code 2005. | |
| Seychelles | Genocide Act of 1969. |
| Singapore | Section 130D and 130E of the Penal Code | As inserted by section 28 of the Penal Code (Amendment) Act 2007 |
| Solomon Islands | Article 52 (Genocide) of the Penal Code. | |
| Slovakia | Articles 259-265 of the Criminal Code. | |
| Slovenia | Chapter 35, art. 373 and 378 of the Penal Code, 1994. | |
| South Africa | Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Act 2002 (Act 27 of 2002). | |
| Spain | Article 607 of the Código Penal, Ley Orgánica 10/1995, 23 November. | In June 2003 Spanish Judge Baltasar Garzón jailed Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, (also known as Miguel Angel Cavallo), a former Argentine naval officer, extradited from Mexico to Spain pending his trial on charges of genocide and terrorism relating to the years of Argentina's military dictatorship, under a special case of universal jurisdiction. On 29 February 2008, the Spanish agreed to extradite Cavallo to Argentina where he is charged with crimes against humanity. He still faces a trial in Spain on genocide charges at some later date. After a 2005 court ruling, Spanish judges' right to use universal jurisdiction to investigate and try foreigners suspected of genocidal acts committed outside Spain was – temporarily – strengthened. Accordingly, on 7 July 2006, six Guatemalan military officials, among them Efraín Ríos Montt and Oscar Humberto Mejia, were formally charged as part of a case began in 1999 by Nobel peace prize winner Rigoberta Menchú over war crimes they committed during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) On 11 January 2006 it was also reported that the Spanish High Court would investigate whether seven former Chinese officials, including the former President of China Jiang Zemin and former Prime Minister Li Peng participated in a genocide in Tibet. The court proceedings in the case brought by the Madrid-based Committee to Support Tibet against several former Chinese officials was opened by the Judge on 6 June 2006, and on the same day China denounced the Spanish court's investigation into claims of genocide in Tibet as an interference in its internal affairs and dismissed the allegations as "sheer fabrication". The case was shelved in 2010, following another law passed in 2009 that restricted High Court investigations to those "involving Spanish victims, suspects who are in Spain, or some other obvious link with Spain". The judicial rules in place in Spain before passed this law had irritated many other countries such as Israel, whose officials had faced possible prosecution. |
| Suriname | Constitution of Suriname of 1987: Chapter IV: International principles:Article 7.4. | |
| Sweden | Article 169 of the Lagboken (Act of 20 March 1963). | In Sweden genocide was criminalized in 1964. According to the Swedish law any act intended to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such, and which is punished according to the criminal act is punished as genocide and carries a penalty from 4 years to life sentence. The Swedish legislation simply noticed that any severe common crime which is committed in order to destroy an ethnic group can be considered genocide, no matter what specific crime it is. Also intent, preparation or conspiring to genocide, and also failure to reveal such a crime is punishable as specified in penal code chapter 23, which is applicable to all crimes. |
| Switzerland | Article 264 of the Penal Code. | |
| Tajikistan | Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind. | |
| Tonga | Genocide Act, 1969. | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Genocide Act, 1977. | |
| Tuvalu | Article 52 (Genocide) of the Penal Code. | |
| Ukraine | Article 442 on Genocide, of Criminal Code. | |
| United Kingdom | The Genocide Act 1969, superseded by the International Criminal Court Act 2001. | The United Kingdom has incorporated the International Criminal Court Act into domestic law. It was not retroactive so it applies only to events after May 2001 and genocide charges can be filed only against British nationals and residents. According to Peter Carter QC, chairman of the Bar's human rights committee "It means that British mercenaries who support regimes that commit war crimes can expect prosecution". The Coroners and Justice Act 2009, altered the ICC ACT so that prosecutions could be taken against anyone in the UK from January 1991 — The date from which the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia had jurisdiction to try offences under the Tribunal's Statute adopted by the United Nations Security Council. |
| United States | 18 U.S.C. §§ 1091–1093 | United States federal law recognizes the crime of genocide where it was committed within the U.S. or by a national of the U.S. A person found guilty of genocide can face the death penalty or life imprisonment. Persons found guilty of genocide may be denied entry or deported from the U.S. |
| Vietnam | Article 422 of the Criminal Code. | |