# List of Russian inventors

This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.
This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).
For Russian inventions in chronological order, see the Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records.

## Alphabetical list

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also
* References

### A

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Bruno Abakanowicz (1852–1900) Russian Empire France (Poland/Lithuania origin) | Integraph, spirograph, parabolagraph | Spirograph designs |
| Valerian Abakovsky (1895–1921) Russian Empire Soviet Union Latvia | aerowagon | |
| Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986) Russian Empire Soviet Union | camming devices, Abalakov thread (V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor | Spring-loaded camming device |
| Evgeny Abramyan (1930–2014) Soviet Union Russian Federation Georgia | halyard for the first extra-vehicular activity | Space suit worn by Leonov during the first EVA |
| Vsevolod Abramovich (1890–1913) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Abramovich Flyer | |
| Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932) Russian Empire Soviet Union (Armenia/Azerbaijan/Germany) | tricolor principle of the color television | RGB color model |
| Franz Aepinus (1724–1802) Holy Roman Empire Russian Empire | achromatic microscope | |
| Georgy Adelson-Velsky (1922–2014) Soviet Union Russia Israel | AVL tree datastructure, Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion) | AVL Tree |
| Anatoly Alexandrov (1903–1994) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | anti-mine demagnetising of ships, naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker) | Lenin, the first nuclear icebreaker |
| Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982) Russian Empire France | pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker) | Pin Art |
| Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980) Russian Empire Soviet Union | ekranoplan, Soviet high-speed hydrofoils | A-90 Orlyonok ekranoplan. |
| Zhores Alferov (1930–2019) Soviet Union Russian Federation | heterotransistor (with Herbert Kroemer), continuous-wave-operating diode laser (with Dmitri Garbuzov) | Laser diode array |
| Genrich Altshuller (1926–1998) Soviet Union Russian Federation | TRIZ ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems") | |
| Vasily Andreyev (1861–1918) Russian Empire | standard balalaika | A souvenir balalaika |
| Oleg Antonov (1906–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union | An-series aircraft, including Antonov A-40 winged tank and Antonov An-124 (the largest serial cargo aircraft, later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft Antonov An-225) | An-124-100 |
| Lev Artsimovich (1909–1973) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first tokamak | Tokamak scheme |

### B

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Georgy Babakin (1914–1971) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first soft landing space vehicle (Luna 9) | |
| Boris Babayan (born 1933) Soviet Union Russia | Elbrus computer | |
| Vladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944) Russian Empire France (Ukraine) (self-portrait) | Optophonic Piano, pointillist or dynamic military camouflage | A modern Canadian digital camouflage |
| Vladimir Barmin (1909–1993) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | first rocket launch complex (Baikonur spaceport) | Baikonur spaceport souvenir |
| Nikolay Basov (1922–2001) Soviet Union Russian Federation | co-inventor of laser and maser | Laser beams |
| Ernest Beaux (1881–1961) Russian Empire France | Chanel No. 5 | Chanel No. 5. |
| Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Bekhterev’s Mixture (a medicine with a sedative effect) | Sodium bromide, a part of Bekhterev’s Mixture |
| Nikolay Benardos (1842–1905) Russian Empire | arc welding (specifically carbon arc welding, the first arc welding method) | The first arc welding method, Electro Hephaestus |
| Aleksandr Bereznyak (1912–1974) Russian Empire Soviet Union (left on photo) | first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Isaev) | BI-1 |
| Georgy Beriev (1903–1979) Russian Empire Soviet Union (Georgian origin) | Be-series amphibious aircraft | Beriev Be-12 Chayka |
| Fyodor Blinov (1827–1902) Russian Empire | first tracked vehicle (a wagon on continuous tracks), steam-powered caterpillar tractor | Blinov's caterpillar steam tractor |
| Sam Born (1891–1959) Russian Empire United States | lollipop-making machine | A particularly large lollipop |
| Georgy Bothezat (1882–1940) Russian Empire United States | quadrotor helicopter (The Flying Octopus) | De Bothezat's quadrotor helicopter. |
| Sergey Brin (born 1973) Soviet Union United States | with Larry Page, invented Google web search engine | Google Search logo |
| Mikhail Britnev (1822–1889) Russian Empire | first metal-hull icebreaker (Pilot) | Icebreaker Pilot on a postage stamp |
| Nikolay Brusentsov (1925–2014) Soviet Union Russian Federation | ternary computer (Setun) | |
| Gersh Budker (1918–1977) Soviet Union | electron cooling, co-inventor of collider | Electron beam |
| Aleksandr Butlerov (1828–1886) Russian Empire | hexamine, formaldehyde, formose reaction (the synthesis of sugar) | Formaldehyde formula |

### C

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system) | |
| Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Cherenkov detector | Cherenkov radiation |
| Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | pressure suit | Pressure suit |
| Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964) Russian Empire Soviet Union | air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier) | A modern air ionizer |
| Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia | Tsar Cannon, the largest bombard by caliber but inoperative | The Tsar Cannon |

### D

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Vasily Degtyaryov (1880–1949) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first self-loading carbine, Degtyaryov-series firearms, co-developer of Fedorov Avtomat (the first self-loading rifle) | |
| Akinfiy Demidov (1678–1745) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | co-developer of rebar, cast iron cupola, lightning rod (all found in the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk) | Rebars inside the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk. |
| Yuri Denisyuk (1927–2006) Soviet Union Russian Federation | 3D holography | Denisyuk holography scheme |
| Aleksandr Dianin (1851–1918) Russian Empire | Bisphenol A, Dianin's compound | Bisphenol A formula |
| Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862–1919) Russian Empire (Poland, Germany) | three-phase electric power (first 3-phase hydroelectric power plant, 3-phase electrical generator, 3-phase motor and 3-phase transformer) | 3-phase electrical generator on exhibition in Frankfurt,1891 |
| Nikolay Dollezhal (1899–2000) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | AM-1 reactor for the first nuclear power plant and other RBMK-type reactors, pressurized water reactor (VVER) | VVER-1000 nuclear reactor |
| Alexey Dushkin (1904–1977) Russian Empire Soviet Union | deep column station | |

### E

| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
| | Ivan Elmanov Russian Empire | first monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages) | Modern Moscow monorail |

### F

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920) Russian Empire | Fabergé Eggs | Memory of Azov Egg |
| Nicolas Florine (1891–1972) Russian Empire Belgium (born in Georgia) | first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely | A modern tandem rotor helicopter |
| Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Poland-Lithuania | invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia | Fedorov depicted in his typography |
| Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federation | radial keratotomy | |
| Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle) | |

### G

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Yakov Modestovich Gakkel (1874–1945) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first Russian-made aircraft and diesel locomotives | The Gakkel-VII |
| Boris Borisovich Galitzine (1862–1916) Russian Empire | electromagnetic seismograph | An electric seismograph |
| Dmitri Garbuzov (1940–2006) Soviet Union Russian Federation United States | continuous-wave-operating diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov), high-power diode lasers | Laser diode array |
| Georgy Gause (1910–1986) Russian Empire Soviet Union | gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibiotics | Gramicidin S formula |
| E. K. Gauzen Russian Empire | three bolt equipment (early diving costume) | A Soviet diving helmet |
| Andrey Geim (born 1958) Soviet Union United Kingdom | graphene | Graphene |
| Nestor Genko (1839–1904) Russian Empire | Genko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system) | |
| Valentyn Glushko (1908–1989) Russian Empire Soviet Union | hypergolic propellant, electric propulsion, Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170) | RD-170 rocket engine model |
| Leonid Gobyato (1875–1915) Russian Empire | first modern man-portable mortar | Gobyato's mortar |
| Igor Gorynin (1926–2015) Soviet Union Russian Federation | weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steels | Titanium |
| Boris Grabovsky (1901–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube | A modern cathode ray tube |
| Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976) Russian Empire Soviet Union (left on photo) | MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan) | MiG-21 |

### H

| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
| | Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930) Russian Empire Switzerland | developed and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague | An injection of anti-plague vaccine |

### I

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis | Ilizarov apparatus |
| Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Il-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history) | |
| Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971) Russian Empire Soviet Union (second left on photo) | first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak) | BI-1 |
| Isidore Grand Duchy of Moscow | Russian vodka | |
| Vladislav Ivanov (1936–2007) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Pioneer of Magnetic resonance imaging | MRI |

### J

| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
| | Boris Jacobi (1801–1874) Prussia Russian Empire | electrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boat | Early electroplating |

### K

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919–2013) Soviet Union Russian Federation | AK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles (produced more than all other types of assault rifles combined) | AK-47 |
| Nikolay Kamov (1902–1973) Russian Empire Soviet Union | armored military autogyro, Ka-series coaxial rotor helicopters | |
| Pyotr Kapitsa (1894–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union (left on portrait by Boris Kustodiev, with Nikolay Semyonov right) | first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions | The liquid helium in the superfluid phase |
| Georgii Karpechenko (1899–1941) Russian Empire Soviet Union | rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding) | Radish and cabbage |
| Eugene Kaspersky (born 1965) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security anti-virus products | Kaspersky Anti-Virus Logo |
| Adolphe Kégresse (1879–1943) France Russian Empire | Kégresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track), dual-clutch transmission | Nicholas II Packard Twin-6 with Kégresse track |
| Alexander Kemurdzhian (1921–2003) Soviet Union Russian Federation | first space exploration rover (Lunokhod) | |
| Yulii Khariton (1904–1996) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomba | |
| Anatoly Kharlampiyev (1906–1979) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Sambo (martial art) | |
| Konstantin Khrenov (1894–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union | underwater welding | A modern underwater welding |
| Nikolai Kibalchich (1853–1881) Russian Empire | pioneer of rocketry | A Soyuz-U, at Baikonur Site 1/5 |
| Semyon Kirlian (1898–1978) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Kirlian photography | Kirlian photo of two coins |
| Konstantin Konstantinov (1817/19–1871) Russian Empire | device for measuring flight speed of projectiles, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machine | Trajectory of a bullet |
| Sergei Korolev (1907–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first successful intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7 Semyorka), R-7 rocket family, Sputniks (including the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite), Vostok programme (including the first human spaceflight) | Vostok spacecraft model |
| Nikolai Korotkov (1874–1920) Russian Empire | auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement | Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope |
| Semyon Korsakov (1787–1853) Russian Empire | punched card for information storage | Korsakov's linear homeoscope |
| Mikhail Koshkin (1898–1940) Russian Empire Soviet Union | T-34 medium tank, the most produced tank of World War II | T-34 |
| Ogneslav Stepanovich Kostovich (1851–1916) Serbia Russian Empire | arborite (high-strength plywood) | Plywood |
| Gleb Kotelnikov (1872–1944) Russian Empire Soviet Union | knapsack parachute, drogue parachute | A modern knapsack parachute packed |
| Aleksey Krylov (1863–1945) Russian Empire Soviet Union | gyroscopic damping of ships | Gyroscope |
| Ivan Kulibin (1735–1818) Russian Empire | egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, self-rolling carriage (for the first time featuring a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearing), an early optical telegraph | Kulibin's project of the one-arch bridge over Neva River. |
| Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships | Obninsk nuclear plant |

### L

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Dmitry Lachinov (1842–1902) Russian Empire | mercury pump, economizer for electricity consumption, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, electrolyser | The details of electrical insulation tester depicted in a Lachinov's book |
| Semyon Lavochkin (1900–1960) Russian Empire Soviet Union | La-series aircraft, the first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut | Lavochkin La-7 |
| Nikolai Lebedenko Russian Empire | Tsar Tank, the largest armored vehicle in history | Tsar Tank |
| Sergei Lebedev (1874–1934) Russian Empire Soviet Union | commercially viable synthetic rubber | Synthetic rubber making |
| Lisitsyns, Ivan Fyodorovich and his brother Nazar Fyodorovich Russian Empire | Russian samovar | A typical samovar |
| Alexander Lodygin (1847–1923) Russian Empire United States | electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament | Lodygin's lamp draw |
| Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | night vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, original Russian hard-paste porcelain (together with Dmitry Vinogradov), re-discovery of smalt | Lomonosov's drawings for his discovery of Venus atmosphere |
| Yury Lomonosov (1876–1952) Russian Empire Soviet Union United Kingdom | first successful mainline diesel locomotive | The Юэ 001 locomotive |
| Aleksandr Loran (1849 – after 1911) Russian Empire | fire fighting foam, foam extinguisher | Modern usage of fire fighting foam. |
| Oleg Losev (1903–1942) Russian Empire Soviet Union | light-emitting diode, crystadine | Red, green and blue LEDs |
| Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909–2001) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | Buran (spacecraft), Spiral project | Buran carried by the An-225 |
| Arkhip Lyulka (1908–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft engines | Saturn AL-31 |

### M

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Aleksandr Makarov (born 1966) Soviet Union Russian Federation Germany | orbitrap | Ion trajectories in an Orbitrap |
| Stepan Makarov (1849–1904) Russian Empire | Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice | Icebreaker Yermak on the Baltic Sea before 1917 |
| Nestor Makhno (1888–1934) Russian Empire France (Ukraine) | tachanka | |
| Victor Makeev (1924–1985) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first intercontinental submarine-launched ballistic missile | Scheme of R-27 missile of Makeev |
| Dmitri Maksutov (1896–1964) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Maksutov telescope | Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope. |
| Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937) Russian Empire Soviet Union (self-portrait) | matryoshka doll (together with craftsman Vasily Zvyozdochkin) | Original matryoshka doll by Malyutin and Zvyozdochkin |
| Boris Mamyrin (1919–2007) Soviet Union Russian Federation | reflectron (ion mirror) | Reflectron mass spectrometer |
| Ilya Mechnikov (1845–1916) Russian Empire France | probiotics | |
| Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907) Russian Empire | Periodic table, a type of pycnometer, pyrocollodion, co-developer of Icebreaker Yermak, also credited with determining the ideal vodka proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%) | Periodic table from Mendeleev's book |
| Artem Mikoyan (1905–1970) Russian Empire Soviet Union (Armenia) (right on photo) | MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Mikhail Gurevich) | MiG-15 |
| Alexander Mikulin (1895–1985) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Mikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines, co-developer of the Tsar Tank | Mikulin and his staff presenting Mikulin AM-34 |
| Mikhail Mil (1909–1970) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Mi-series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 (the world's most-produced helicopter) and Mil Mi-12 (the world's largest helicopter) | Mil Mi-8 |
| Pavel Molchanov (1893–1941) Russian Empire Soviet Union | radiosonde | |
| Alexander Morozov (1904–1979) Russian Empire Soviet Union | T-54/55 (the most produced tank in history), co-developer of T-34 | T-54/55 main battle tank |
| Sergei Mosin (1849–1902) Russian Empire | Mosin–Nagant rifle, one of the most produced ever | Mosin–Nagants |
| Motorins, Ivan Feodorovich (1660s – 1735) and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (?–1750) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | Tsar Bell, the largest bell in the world | The Tsar Bell |
| Vera Mukhina (1889–1953) Russian Empire Soviet Union | welded sculpture | Worker and Kolkhoz Woman, the first welded sculpture |
| Yevgeny Murzin (1914–1970) Russian Empire Soviet Union | ANS synthesizer | ANS synthesizer |

### N

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Alexander Nadiradze (1914–1987) Russian Empire Soviet Union (born in Georgia) | First meteorological missile "M1-Meteo". First mobile ICBM (RT-21 Temp 2S), also RSD-10 Pioneer and (RT-2PM Topol) | RT-2PM Topol |
| Andrey Nartov (1683–1756) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | first lathe with a mechanic cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears, fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, gauge-boring lathe for cannon-making, early telescopic sight | An old lathe (b marks the carriage) |
| Sergey Nepobedimiy (1921–2014) Soviet Union Russian Federation | first supersonic anti-tank guided missile Sturm, other Soviet rocket weaponry | Strela 2 surface-to-air missile |
| Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973) Russian Empire Soviet Union | prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure (Ostankino Tower, The Motherland Calls), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to X-Seed 4000) | Ostankino Tower (on the left) |
| Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888) Sweden Russian Empire | first successful oil tanker | A modern oil tanker |
| Konstantin Novoselov (born 1974) Soviet Union Russian Federation United Kingdom | graphene (youngest Nobel Laureate since 1973) | Graphene |

### O

| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
| | Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903) Sweden Russian Empire | the Odhner Arithmometer (a mechanical pinwheel calculator) | Odhner Arithmometer |
| | Lucien Olivier (1838–1883) Russian Empire (Belgian or French origin) | Russian salad (Olivier salad) | Russian salad |

### P

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Alexey Pajitnov (born 1956) Soviet Union United States | Tetris | Tetris figures |
| Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) Russian Empire Soviet Union | classical conditioning | One of the Pavlov’s dogs with an implanted cannula. |
| Vasily Petrov (1761–1834) Russian Empire | continuous electric arc, arc welding | Electric arc |
| Nikolay Pirogov (1810–1881) Russian Empire | early use of ether as anaesthetic, first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations | Diethyl ether |
| Fyodor Pirotsky (1845–1898) Russian Empire | electric tram | Miller's line where Pirotsky's tram was tested |
| Ivan Plotnikov (1902–1995) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | kirza leather | Kirza boots. |
| Nikolai Polikarpov (1892–1944) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Po-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik (world's most produced biplane) | Polikarpov Po-2 |
| Ivan Polzunov (1728–1766) Russian Empire | first two-cylinder steam engine | Polzunov's steam engine |
| Mikhail Pomortsev (1851–1916) Russian Empire | nephoscope | Nephoscope measures the parameters of clouds |
| Alexander Popov (1859–1906) Russian Empire | built an early radio receiver in the form of a lightning detector, eastern European countries claim he is the "inventor of radio" | Popov and his radio |
| Nikolay Popov (1931–2008) Soviet Union Russian Federation | first fully gas turbine main battle tank (T-80) | T-80 main battle tank |
| Aleksandr Porokhovschikov (1892 – c. 1942) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Vezdekhod (the first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first continuous track amphibious ATV) | Vezdekhod tank in 1915 |
| Alexander Procofieff de Seversky (1894–1974) Russian Empire United States | ionocraft, first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, also developed air-to-air refueling | Modern air-to-air refueling |
| Alexander Prokhorov (1916–2002) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | co-inventor of laser and maser | Laser beams |
| Petro Prokopovych (1775–1850) Russian Empire (Ukraine) | beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties | A shallow super frame filled with honey |
| Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863–1944) Russian Empire France | early colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion pictures | Prokudin-Gorsky's method |

### R

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Leonid Ramzin (1887–1948) Russian Empire Soviet Union | straight-flow boiler (Ramzin boiler) | |
| Peter I of Russia (Romanov) (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet (sounding weight probe) | Sounding line throwing |
| Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973) Russian Empire United States (born in Belarus, Jewish descent) | modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William) | A modern brassiere |
| Boris Rosing (1869–1933) Russian Empire Soviet Union | CRT television (first TV system using cathode ray tube on the receiving side) | A modern cathode ray tube |
| Eugene Roshal (born 1972) Soviet Union Russian Federation | FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver | FAR Manager screenshot |

### S

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Alexander Sablukov (1783–1857) Russian Empire | centrifugal fan | Components of a centrifugal fan |
| Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989) Soviet Union | explosively pumped flux compression generator, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb, co-developer of tokamak | Hollow tube generator |
| Franz San Galli (1824–1908) Russian Empire (Italian and German descent, born in Poland) | radiator, modern central heating | A household radiator |
| Pavel Schilling (1780–1836) Russian Empire (Estonia) | shielded cable, electric mine and electromagnetic telegraph | Cooke and Wheatstone's telegraph, inspired by Schilling's one |
| Guy Severin (1926–2008) Soviet Union Russian Federation | extra-vehicular activity supporting system | |
| Leonty Shamshurenkov (1687–1758) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | a device for lifting the Tsar Bell, the first self-propelling carriage (a precursor to both bicycle and automobile), projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge | A reconstruction of Shamshurenkov's self-running carriage |
| Pyotr Shilovsky (1871 – after 1924) Russian Empire United Kingdom | gyrocar | Shilovsky's gyrocar in 1914, London |
| Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939) Russian Empire Soviet Union | thermal cracking (Shukhov cracking process), thin-shell structure, tensile structure, hyperboloid structure, gridshell, modern oil pipeline, cylindric oil depot | Shukhov Tower in Moscow |
| Pyotr Shuvalov (1711–1762) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | invented canister shot mortar, introduced licorne into wide usage | A "secret" canister shot mortar |
| Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972) Russian Empire United States | first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft (Russky Vityaz), first airliner and purpose-designed bomber (Ilya Muromets), modern helicopter, Sikorsky-series helicopters | Sikorsky Skycrane carrying a house |
| Vladimir Simonov (1935–2020) Soviet Union Russian Federation | APS Underwater Assault Rifle, SPP-1 underwater pistol | APS Underwater Assault Rifle |
| Nikolay Slavyanov (1854–1897) Russian Empire | shielded metal arc welding | Shielded metal arc welding |
| Alexander Smakula (1900–1983) Russian Empire United States (Ukraine) | anti-reflective coating | |
| Yefim Smolin Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | table-glass (stakan granyonyi) | A classic table-glass |
| Igor Spassky (1926–2024) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Sea Launch platform and over 200 nuclear submarines, including the world's largest submarines of Typhoon class | Sea Launch platform Ocean Odyssey |
| Ladislas Starevich (1882–1965) Russian Empire France (Polish descent) | puppet animation, live-action/animated film | Scene from The Cameraman's Revenge animation (1911) |
| Boris Stechkin (1891–1969) Russian Empire Soviet Union | co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Lebedenko's Tsar Tank, developer of many Soviet heat and aircraft engines | Sikorsky Ilya Muromets |
| Aleksandr Stoletov (1839–1896) Russian Empire | first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect | A modern solar cell |
| Pavel Sukhoi (1895–1975) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Su-series fighter aircraft | |
| Andrei Sychra (1773/76–1850) Russian Empire (born in Lithuania, Czech ancestry) | Russian seven-string guitar | Russian guitar |
| Vladimir Syromyatnikov (1933–2006) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms | The original APAS-75 docking unit draw |

### T

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Andrey Ternovskiy (born 1992) Russian Federation | creator of Chatroulette, the first random webcam chat website | |
| Léon Theremin (1896–1993) Russian Empire Soviet Union United States Russian Federation | theremin, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon (first drum machine), The Thing (listening device) | Etherwave Theremin |
| Andrey Tikhonov (1906–1993) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | magnetotellurics | Magnetotelluric station |
| Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974) Russian Empire Soviet Union | co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Keldysh, designer of further Sputniks | Sputnik 1 replica |
| Gavriil Tikhov (1875–1960) Russian Empire Soviet Union | feathering spectrograph | Scheme of a spectrograph work |
| Fedor Tokarev (1871–1968) Russian Empire Soviet Union | TT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle (main Soviet guns of World War II) | A Soviet soldier with TT-33 |
| Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, (1857–1935) Russian Empire Soviet Union | spaceflight (theory principles that led to numerous inventions, derived the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation) | Tsiolkovsky's drawings of astronaut in space |
| Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919) Russian Empire | chromatography (specifically adsorption chromatography, the first chromatography method) | A modern gas chromatography system |
| Alexei Tupolev (1925–2001) Soviet Union Russian Federation | the Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet) | Tupolev Tu-144 |
| Andrei Tupolev (1888–1972) Russian Empire Soviet Union | turboprop powered long-range airliner (Tupolev Tu-114), turboprop strategic bomber (Tupolev Tu-95) | Tupolev Tu-95 |

### U

| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
| | Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federation | railcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rockets | RT-23 in the St Petersburg railway museum |

### V

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project) | |
| Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926) Russian Empire Soviet Union | budenovka military hat | |
| Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron | A modern synchrotron scheme |

### W

| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
| | Paul Walden (1863–1957) Russian Empire Germany (born in Latvia, Baltic German descent) | Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid) | Ethylammonium nitrate formula |

### Y

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894) Russian Empire | Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp) | Yablochkov demonstrates his illumination in Paris, 1878 |
| Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet) | Yakovlev Yak-40 |
| Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964) Russian Empire France United States | modern ship hull design | SS Normandie |
| Sergei Yudin (1891–1954) Russian Empire Soviet Union | cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations | World War II syringe for blood transfusion |

### Z

| Person | Inventions | Image |
| Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917) Russian Empire (Poland) | Esperanto language | Flag of Esperanto |
| Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976) Russian Empire Soviet Union | EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy | Simulated EPR spectrum of the CH$_3$ radical. |
| Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953) Russian Empire Soviet Union | the first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world | A modern Russian gas mask |
| Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921) Russian Empire Russian SFSR | an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank | A modern wind tunnel |
| Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982) Russian Empire United States | pioneer of television technology Iconoscope, kinescope | Zworykin's draft of a UV-microscope, similar to iconoscope |
| Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956) Russian Empire Soviet Union | matryoshka doll (together with painter Sergey Malyutin) | Matryoshka doll taken apart |