# List of German monarchs in 1918

The term German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich) commonly refers to Germany from its foundation as a unified nation-state on 18 January 1871 until the abdication of its last Kaiser, Wilhelm II, was proclaimed on 9 November 1918. Germans, when referring to the Reich in this period under the Kaisers, 1871 to 1918, typically use the term Kaiserreich.
Federal prince (Bundesfürst) was the generic term for the royal heads of state (monarchs) of the various states making up the German Empire. The empire was a federal state, with its constituent states remaining sovereign states. In total, there were 22 federal princes of the German Empire and additionally three republican heads of state and the steward of the imperial territory ruled by Alsace-Lorraine. The states became part of the Kaiserreich by an 1871 treaty. The Kaiser as head of the empire was granted the title German Emperor (the style "Emperor of Germany" being deliberately avoided), and was simultaneously a federal prince as King of Prussia, the sovereign of its largest federal state. Of the princely heads of state, 4 held the title King (König) (the Kings of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Württemberg), 6 held the title Grand Duke (Großherzog), 5 held the title Duke (Herzog), and 7 held the title Prince (i.e. Sovereign Prince, Fürst).
Following the unilateral proclamation of the abdication of Wilhelm II on 9 November 1918 by German Chancellor Maximilian von Baden and the German Revolution of 1918–19, the German nobility and royalty as legally defined classes were abolished on 11 August 1919 with the promulgation of the Weimar Constitution, under which all Germans were made equal before the law, and the legal rights and privileges, and all following German Houses, titles, insignia and ranks of nobility were abolished.
The list does not include local rulers in German colonies such as Yuhi V of Rwanda, Mwambutsa IV of Burundi and Aweida of Nauru.

## German Emperor (1918)

| Emperor | Styles | Empress | Symbols | German Empire 1871 – 1918 |
| 1859 – 1941 | His Imperial and Royal Majesty The German Emperor, King of Prussia Wilhelm II Her Imperial and Royal Majesty The German Empress, Queen of Prussia Augusta Victoria | 1858 – 1921 | House of Hohenzollern 1871 – 1918 | Kingdoms Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Württemberg Grand Duchies Baden, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Duchies Anhalt, Brunswick, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen Principalities Lippe, Reuss, junior line, Reuss, senior line, Schaumburg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Waldeck-Pyrmont Free Hanseatic cities Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck Imperial territory (Reichsland) Alsace-Lorraine |

## Kings and Kingdoms (1918)

| Ruler | Title | House – State | Spouse – Children |
| | King Wilhelm II 1859 – 1941 | House of Hohenzollern C.11th – 1918 Kingdom of Prussia 1701 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (2) Hermine Reuss of Greiz Children: (1) German Crown Prince Wilhelm, (2) Prince Eitel Friedrich, (3) Prince Adalbert, (4) Prince August Wilhelm, (5) Prince Oskar, (6) Prince Joachim, (7) Princess Viktoria Luise |
| Ancestors of Wilhelm II 8. Frederick William III of Prussia 4. Wilhelm I, German Emperor 9. Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2. Frederick III, German Emperor 10. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 5. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 11. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia 1. Wilhelm II, German Emperor 12. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 6. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 13. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3. Victoria, Princess Royal 14. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 7. Victoria of the United Kingdom 15. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ||||||
| | King Ludwig III 1845 – 1921 | House of Wittelsbach 1180–1918 Kingdom of Bavaria 1806 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Maria Theresia of Austria-Este Children: (1) Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria, (2) Adelgunde of Hohenzollern, (3) Maria, Duchess of Calabria, (4) Prince Karl, (5) Prince Franz, (6) Mathilde Ludwig of Saxe-Coburg-Kohary (7) Prince Wolfgang (8) Princess Hildegarde, (9) Princess Notburga, (10) Wiltrud, Duchess of Urach, (11) Princess Helmtrud, (12) Princess Dietlinde, (13) Princess Gundelinde |
| Ancestors of Ludwig III 8. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 4. Ludwig I of Bavaria 9. Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt 2. Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria 10. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 5. Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen 11. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1. Ludwig III of Bavaria 12. Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany 6. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany 13. Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily 3. Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria 14. Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony 7. Princess Maria Anna of Saxony 15. Princess Caroline of Parma ||||||
| | King Frederick Augustus III 1865 – 1932 | House of Wettin 900 – 1918 Kingdom of Saxony 1806 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany Children: (1) Crown Prince Georg of Saxony, (2) Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen, (3) Prince Ernst Heinrich, (4) Princess Maria Alix Karola, (5) Princess Margarete Karola, (6) Princess Maria Alix (Luitpolda), (7) Princess Anna |
| Ancestors of Frederick Augustus III 8. Prince Maximilian of Saxony 4. John of Saxony 9. Princess Caroline of Parma 2. George of Saxony 10. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 5. Amalie Auguste of Bavaria 11. Caroline of Baden 1. Frederick Augustus III of Saxony 12. Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 6. Ferdinand II of Portugal 13. Maria Antonia, Princess of Koháry 3. Maria Anna of Portugal 14. Pedro I of Brazil 7. Maria II of Portugal 15. Maria Leopoldina of Austria ||||||
| | King Wilhelm II 1848 – 1921 | House of Württemberg 1081 – 1918 Kingdom of Württemberg 1806 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont (2) Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe Children: (1) Pauline, Princess of Wied, (2) Prince Ulrich |
| Ancestors of William II of Württemberg 8. Frederick I of Württemberg 4. Prince Paul of Württemberg 9. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 2. Prince Frederick of Württemberg 10. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 5. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen 11. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1. William II of Württemberg 12. Frederick I of Württemberg (= 8) 6. William I of Württemberg 13. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (= 9) 3. Princess Catherine of Württemberg 14. Duke Louis of Württemberg 7. Duchess Pauline of Württemberg 15. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg ||||||

## Grand Dukes and Grand Duchies (1918)

| Ruler | Title | House – State | Spouse – Children |
| | Grand Duke Friedrich II 1857 – 1928 | House of Zähringen C.10th – 1918 Grand Duchy of Baden 1806 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Hilda of Nassau |
| Ancestors of Frederick II 8. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden 4. Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden 9. Louise Caroline of Hochberg 2. Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden 10. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden 5. Princess Sophie of Sweden 11. Frederica of Baden 1. Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden 12. Frederick William III of Prussia 6. William I, German Emperor 13. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3. Princess Louise of Prussia 14. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 7. Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 15. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia ||||||
| | Grand Duke Ernest Louis 1868 – 1937 | House of Hesse-Darmstadt 1806 – 1918 Grand Duchy of Hesse 1806 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (2) Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich Children: (1) Princess Elisabeth, (2) Hereditary Grand Duke George Donatus, (3) Prince Louis |
| Ancestors of Ernest Louis 8. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse 4. Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine 9. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden 2. Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse 10. Prince Wilhelm of Prussia 5. Princess Elisabeth of Prussia 11. Landgravine Marie Anna of Hesse-Homburg 1. Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse 12. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 6. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 13. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3. Princess Alice of the United Kingdom 14. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 7. Victoria of the United Kingdom 15. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ||||||
| | Grand Duke and Regent Friedrich Franz IV 1882 – 1945 | House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1131 – 1918 Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1815 – 1918 Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Regent, 1918) | Spouse: (1) Alexandra of Hanover and Cumberland Children: (1) Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich Franz, (2) Duke Christian Ludwig, (3) Duchess Olga, (4) Duchess Thyra, (5) Anastasia, Princess Friedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg |
| Ancestors of Frederick Francis IV 8. Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 4. Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 9. Princess Alexandrine of Prussia 2. Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 10. Heinrich LXIII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz 5. Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz 11. Countess Eleonore of Stolberg-Wernigerode 1. Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg 12. Nicholas I of Russia 6. Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia 13. Princess Charlotte of Prussia 3. Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia 14. Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden 7. Princess Cecilie of Baden 15. Princess Sophie of Sweden ||||||
| | Grand Duke Friedrich August II 1852 – 1931 | House of Holstein-Gottorp (Oldenburg) 1544 – 1918 Grand Duchy of Oldenburg 1814 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia, (2) Duchess Elisabeth Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Children: (1) Sophia Charlotte, Princess Eitel Friedrich of Prussia, (2) Duchess Margaret, (3) Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke (4) Duchess Alexandrine, (5) Ingeborg Alix, Princess Stephan of Schaumburg-Lippe, (6) Altburg, Hereditary Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont |
| Ancestors of Frederick Augustus II 8. Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg 4. Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg 9. Duchess Frederica of Württemberg 2. Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg 10. Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym 5. Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym 11. Princess Amelie of Nassau-Weilburg 1. Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg 12. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 6. Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 13. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3. Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg 14. Duke Louis of Württemberg 7. Duchess Amelia of Württemberg 15. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg ||||||
| | Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernest 1876 – 1923 | House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 1741 – 1918 Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 1809 – 1920 | Spouse: (1) Princess Caroline Reuss of Greiz, (2) Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen Children: (1) Sophie, Princess of Schwarzburg, (2) Hereditary Grand Duke Charles Augustus, (3) Prince Bernhard, (4) Prince Georg |
| Ancestors of William Ernest 8. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 4. Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 9. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia 2. Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 10. William II of the Netherlands 5. Princess Sophie of the Netherlands 11. Anna Pavlovna of Russia 1. William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 12. Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 6. Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 13. Princess Ida of Saxe-Meiningen 3. Princess Pauline of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 14. William I of Württemberg 7. Princess Augusta of Württemberg 15. Pauline Therese of Württemberg ||||||

## Dukes and Duchies (1918)

| Ruler | Title | House – State | Spouse – Children |
| | Duke Joachim Ernst 1901 – 1947 | House of Ascania 1036 – 1918 Duchy of Anhalt 1863 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Elisabeth Strickrodt, (2) Editha Marwitz von Stephani Children: (1) Princess Alexandra, (2) Princess Anna Luise, (3) Hereditary Prince Friedrich, (4) Princess Edda, (5) Prince Eduard |
| Ancestors of Joachim Ernst 8. Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt 4. Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt 9. Princess Frederica Wilhelmina of Prussia 2. Eduard, Duke of Anhalt 10. Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg 5. Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg 11. Princess Amalie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 1. Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt 12. Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 6. Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg 13. Duchess Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 3. Princess Louise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg 14. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 7. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen 15. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel ||||||
| | Duke Ernest Augustus 1887 – 1953 | House of Hanover 1635 – 1918 Duchy of Brunswick 1815 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia Children: (1) Hereditary Prince Ernst August, (2) Prince Georg Wilhelm, (3) Frederica, Queen of the Hellenes, (4) Prince Christian Oskar, (5) Prince Welf Heinrich |
| Ancestors of Ernest Augustus 8. Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover 4. George V of Hanover 9. Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2. Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover 10. Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 5. Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg 11. Duchess Amelia of Württemberg 1. Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 12. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 6. Christian IX of Denmark 13. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel 3. Princess Thyra of Denmark 14. Prince William of Hesse-Kassel 7. Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel 15. Princess Charlotte of Denmark ||||||
| | Duke Ernst II 1871 – 1955 | House of Wettin 900 – 1918 Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg 1826 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe, (2) Maria Triebel (morganatic) Children: (1) Charlotte Agnes, Princess Sigismund of Prussia, (2) Hereditary Prince Georg Moritz, (3) Princess Elisabeth Karola, (4) Prince Friedrich Ernst |
| Ancestors of Ernst II 8. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 4. Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 9. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 2. Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg 10. Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 5. Duchess Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 11. Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia 1. Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 12. George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 6. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 13. Princess Louise Eleanore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 3. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen 14. William II, Elector of Hesse 7. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel 15. Princess Augusta of Prussia ||||||
| | Duke Charles Edward 1884 – 1954 | House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1826 – 1918 Duchy of Saxe-Coburg Gotha 1826 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein Children: (1) Hereditary Prince Johann Leopold, (2) Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten, (3) Prince Hubertus, (4) Princess Caroline Mathilde, (5) Prince Friedrich Josias |
| Ancestors of Charles Edward 8. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 4. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 9. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 2. Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany 10. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 5. Victoria of the United Kingdom 11. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1. Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 12. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 6. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 13. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym 3. Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 14. William, Duke of Nassau 7. Princess Helena of Nassau 15. Princess Pauline of Württemberg ||||||
| | Duke Bernhard III 1851 – 1928 | House of Saxe-Meiningen (Wettin) 1680 – 1918 Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen 1680 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Charlotte of Prussia Children: (1) Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen |
| Ancestors of Bernhard III 8. Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 4. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 9. Princess Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 2. Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 10. William II, Elector of Hesse 5. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel 11. Princess Augusta of Prussia 1. Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 12. Frederick William III of Prussia 6. Prince Albert of Prussia 13. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 3. Princess Charlotte Frederica of Prussia 14. William I of the Netherlands 7. Princess Marianne of the Netherlands 15. Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia ||||||

## Princes and Principalities (1918)

| Ruler | Title | House – State | Spouse – Children |
| | Prince Leopold IV 1871 – 1949 | House of Lippe 1123 – 1918 Principality of Lippe 1123 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Bertha of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (2) Princess Anna of Ysenburg and Büdingen Children: (1) Hereditary Prince Ernst, (2) Prince Leopold Bernhard, (3) Princess Karoline, (4) Prince Chlodwig, (5) Princess Sieglinde, (6) Prince Armin |
| Ancestors of Leopold IV 8. Ernst I, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 4. Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 9. Modeste von Unruh 2. Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld 10. Friedrich, Count of Castell-Castell 5. Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell 11. Princess Emilie of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1. Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe 12. Count Cäsar of Wartensleben 6. Count Leopold of Wartensleben 13. Friederike von Gfug, Heiress of Osniszczewo 3. Countess Karoline of Wartensleben 14. Arnold Halbach 7. Mathilde Halbach 15. Caroline Bohlen ||||||
| | Prince Adolf II 1883 – 1936 | House of Lippe 1123 – 1918 Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe 1643 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Ellen Bischoff-Korthaus (1894–1936) |
| Ancestors of Adolf II 8. Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe 4. Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe 9. Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont 2. Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe 10. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 5. Hermine of Waldeck and Pyrmont 11. Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym 1. Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe 12. Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 6. Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg 13. Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 3. Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg 14. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 7. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen 15. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel ||||||
| | Prince Günther Victor 1852 – 1925 | House of Schwarzburg 11?? – 1918 Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 1599 – 1919 Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1909–1920) | Spouse (1) Princess Anna Louise of Schönburg-Waldenburg |
| Ancestors of Günther Victor 8. Frederick Charles, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 4. Prince Charles Günther of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 9. Princess Frederica of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 2. Prince Adolf of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 10. Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg 5. Landgravine Luise Ulrike of Hesse-Homburg 11. Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt 1. Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg 12. Otto Charles Frederick, Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg 6. Otto Victor, Prince of Schönburg-Waldenburg 13. Henriette Eleonore of Reuss-Köstritz 3. Princess Mathilde of Schönburg-Waldenburg 14. Louis Frederick II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 7. Princess Thekla of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 15. Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Homburg ||||||
| | Prince Friedrich 1865 – 1946 | House of Waldeck and Pyrmont 1815 – 1918 Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont 1180 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Bathildis of Schaumburg-Lippe Children: (1) Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, (2) Prince Maximilian, (3) Helena, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Oldenburg, (4) Prince Georg |
| Ancestors of Friedrich I 8. George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 4. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 9. Princess Auguste of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 2. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 10. Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym 5. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym 11. Princess Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg 1. Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 12. Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg 6. William, Duke of Nassau 12. Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg 3. Princess Helena of Nassau 14. Prince Paul of Württemberg 7. Princess Pauline of Württemberg 15. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen ||||||
| | Prince Heinrich XXIV 1878 – 1927 | House of Reuss (Elder Line) 1778 – 1918 Principality of Reuss-Greiz 1778 – 1918 | |
| Ancestors of Heinrich XXIV 8. Heinrich XIII, Prince Reuss of Greiz 4. Heinrich XX, Prince Reuss of Greiz 9. Princess Wilhelmine Louise of Nassau-Weilburg 2. Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz 10. Gustav, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg 5. Princess Caroline of Hesse-Homburg 11. Princess Louise Friederike of Anhalt-Dessau 1. Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz 12. George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe 6. Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe 13. Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont 3. Princess Ida of Schaumburg-Lippe 14. George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 7. Princess Hermine of Waldeck-Pyrmont 15. Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym ||||||
| | Prince Heinrich XXVII 1858 – 1928 | House of Reuss (Younger Line) 1913 – 1918 Principality of Reuss-Gera 1806 – 1918 | Spouse: (1) Princess Elise of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Children: (1) Viktoria, Duchess Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, (2) Princess Luise Adelheid, (3) Prince Heinrich XL, (4) Prince Heinrich XLIII, (5) Heinrich XLV, Hereditary Prince Reuss Younger Line |
| Ancestors of Heinrich XXVII 8. Heinrich XLII, Prince Reuss of Schleiz 4. Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line 9. Princess Caroline of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg 2. Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line 10. Heinrich LI, Prince Reuss of Ebersdorf 5. Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf 11. Count Luise of Hoym 1. Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line 12. Duke Eugen of Württemberg 6. Duke Eugen of Württemberg 13. Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern 3. Duchess Agnes of Württemberg 14. Karl Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 7. Princess Helene of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 15. Countess Amalie of Solms-Baruth ||||||

## November Revolution abdications

Throughout the month of November 1918, all 22 monarchs within the German Empire were either forced to abdicate, or stepped down of their own accord. Duke Ernest Augustus of Brunswick was the first to do so on 8 November. The next day, the Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm II, went into exile in the Netherlands, and his abdication (which he would not officially confirm until 28 November, see below) was announced by his Chancellor and Prussian Minister President Maximilian of Baden. MSPD co-chairman Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed the new "German Republic" from the Reichstag building to gathered crowds, while two hours thereafter Spartacist leader Karl Liebknecht proclaimed the "Free Socialist Republic of Germany" at Berlin Palace. Neither proclamation of the republic was constitutional, and the political situation remained chaotic for several more months, with a short civil war between radical leftist revolutionaries and the more moderate post-imperial social democrat government that would emerge victorious and form the Weimar Republic. Nevertheless, the proclamations and Wilhelm II's abdication triggered a powerful domino effect: the same day a number of other princes stepped down, and within a week most monarchs in Germany had followed suit. The last to abdicate was King William II of Württemberg on 30 November 1918.
| Date | Title and name | State |
| 9 November 1918 | Emperor and King Wilhelm II | German Empire, Kingdom of Prussia |
| 13 November 1918 | King Ludwig III | Kingdom of Bavaria |
| 13 November 1918 | King Frederick Augustus III | Kingdom of Saxony |
| 30 November 1918 | King William II | Kingdom of Württemberg |
| 22 November 1918 | Grand Duke Frederick II | Grand Duchy of Baden |
| 9 November 1918 | Grand Duke Ernest Louis | Grand Duchy of Hesse |
| 14 November 1918 | Grand Duke Frederick Francis IV | Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
| 14 November 1918 | Regent Frederick Francis | Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz |
| 11 November 1918 | Grand Duke Frederick Augustus II | Grand Duchy of Oldenburg |
| 9 November 1918 | Grand Duke William Ernest | Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
| 12 November 1918 | Duke Joachim Ernst | Duchy of Anhalt |
| 8 November 1918 | Duke Ernest Augustus | Duchy of Brunswick |
| 13 November 1918 | Duke Ernst II | Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg |
| 14 November 1918 | Duke Charles Edward | Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
| 10 November 1918 | Duke Bernhard III | Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen |
| 12 November 1918 | Prince Leopold IV | Principality of Lippe |
| 15 November 1918 | Prince Adolf II | Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe |
| 22 November 1918 | Prince Günther Victor | Principalities of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen |
| 13 November 1918 | Prince Friedrich | Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont |
| 10 November 1918 | Prince Heinrich XXIV | Principality of Reuss-Greiz |
| 11 November 1918 | Prince Heinrich XXVII | Principality of Reuss-Gera |

### Imperial statement of abdication (1918)

I herewith renounce for all time claims to the throne of Prussia and to the German Imperial throne connected therewith.
At the same time I release all officials of the German Empire and of Prussia, as well as all officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the navy and of the Prussian army, as well as the troops of the federated states of Germany, from the oath of fidelity which they tendered to me as their Emperor, King and Commander-in-Chief. I expect of them that until the re-establishment of order in the German Empire they shall render assistance to those in actual power in Germany, in protecting the German people from the threatening dangers of anarchy, famine, and foreign rule. Proclaimed under our own hand and with the imperial seal attached. Amerongen, 28 November 1918. Signed WILLIAM.