OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1884 Prohibition National Convention

The 1884 Prohibition National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held at Lafayette Hall, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from July 23–24, 1884, to select the Prohibition Party's presidential ticket for the 1884 presidential election.

## Opening

On July 23, 1884, the convention was called to open by Chairman Gideon T. Stewart and was attended by 505 delegates from thirty one states. Reverend Alonzo Ames Miner, who had served as the president of the 1880 convention, gave the opening prayer, Secretary R. W. Nelson read the call for the convention, Stewart gave the opening address where he criticized the alcohol industry as a greater evil than slavery, Reverend C. W. Blanchard gave a speech, and Frances Willard read a message from the Woman's Christian Temperance Union giving support to a constitutional amendment prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol.
Samuel Dickie was selected to serve as the chairman of the convention and afterwards the vice-presidents of the thirty one state delegations were selected with ten being female.

## Presidential nomination

On July 24, the delegates reconvened to vote on the presidential nomination. The California delegation nominated R. H. McDonald, who was seconded by delegates from Kentucky and Maine, the Illinois delegation nominated former Kansas Governor John St. John, who was seconded by Frances Willard, the Massachusetts delegation nominated Gideon T. Stewart, and a delegate from Pennsylvania nominated former presidential nominee James Black. Stewart withdrew from the balloting and endorsed St. John, the California delegation withdrew McDonald's nomination, and Black declined to contest the presidential ballot.
John B. Finch made a motion to suspend the rules to nominate St. John by acclamation was successful and 505 delegates voted in favor of St. John, who accepted the nomination via telegram. William Daniel of Maryland was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.

## Platform

The platform drafted by the platform committee was approved by the delegates, and it criticized the Republican and Democratic parties for not creating prohibition legislation while in power, included support for the prohibition of the sale and consumption of alcohol, increasing immigration, political and civil gender equality, women's suffrage, refusing to allow statehood to areas without the prohibition of polygamous marriages, soldier pensions, and money issued and regulated by the federal government.
The platform plank in support of women's suffrage was weakened by Frances Willard to gain support among southern votes.
# Valentine v. Chrestensen

Valentine v. Chrestensen, 316 U.S. 52 (1942), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that commercial speech in public thoroughfares is not constitutionally protected.

## Background

Respondent F. J. Chrestensen was the owner of the USS S-49, a World War I submarine that he had moored at a State pier on the East River in New York City. Chrestensen attempted to distribute handbills that advertised his exhibition and solicited visitors for an admission fee, a violation of a municipal ordinance (Section 318 of the Sanitary Code) prohibiting the distribution of printed handbills in the streets bearing "commercial advertising matter".
The Police Commissioner of New York City, Lewis J. Valentine, warned Chrestensen of the violation and informed him that only the distribution of handbills solely devoted to "information or a public protest" was permitted. Accordingly, Chrestensen remade his handbill by removing the admission fee from the front side and placing on the reverse a protest against the City Dock Department's refusal to grant his submarine dockage. The Police Department nevertheless prohibited distribution of the new handbill on grounds that the front side retained commercial advertising content, even without statement of an admission fee. Chrestensen, alleging loss in the excess of $4,000 (equivalent to $77,000 in 2024), sued under Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. A divided Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in his favor, and Valentine petitioned to the Supreme Court.

## Opinion of the Court

The Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit's ruling, finding that, although states and municipalities may not unduly burden free expression in the streets, the Constitution did not prevent the government from regulating purely commercial advertising. Writing for the majority, Associate Justice Owen Roberts held that it was the prerogative of the legislature to determine whether an activity interfered with the full and free public use of the streets, and thus the presence and extent of commercial activity was a matter reserved for legislative judgement. The Court found in addition that Chrestensen's affixing of the protest to his handbill was done with the sole intent of evading the municipal ordinance and therefore did not permit his distribution of the handbill.

## Subsequent developments

Valentine was the first major case to address the limits of "commercial speech", but it was later "abruptly" overturned by Virginia State Pharmacy Board v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council (1976).
# Mohammed Al-Allaf

Mohammad Fahad al-Allaf (Arabic: محمد فهد العلاف) (born 1950) is a retired Major General of the Jordanian Armed Forces and the former Permanent Representative of Jordan to the United Nations. He was appointed to the position on July 25, 2007. Prior to his diplomatic career, al-Allaf had a military career, serving for 38 years, in which he had the role in commanding Jordan's military contingent in the United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM I and II).

## Early life and education

Al-Allaf was born in Amman, Jordan, in 1950. He pursued his studies at Mu'ta University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in military science. He furthered his education with a master's degree in management and military science from the same institution. He also completed a master's degree in national security strategy from the National Defense University in Washington, D.C.

## Military

Al-Allaf began his military career in 1969, when he was commissioned into the Jordanian Armed Forces. His military service spanned over three decades.

### Roles

* Commander of the Jordanian military contingent in the United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM I and II) (1989–1991)
* Commandant of the Royal Jordanian National Defence College (2002–2006)
* Assistant Chief of Staff and Chief of Strategic Planning (2006–2007)

## Diplomacy

Following his retirement from the military in 2007, Al-Allaf transitioned into diplomacy. On July 25, 2007, he was appointed Ambassador of Jordan to the United Nations.

## Personal life

Al-Allaf is married and has five children.
# Chotrul Duchen

Chotrul Düchen, (Eng. Miracle Manifestation Great Day; also known as Chonga Choepa or the "Butter Lamp Festival"), is one of the four Tibetan Buddhist festivals commemorating four events in the life of the Buddha. Chotrul Düchen occurs on the first full moon (Bumgyur Dawa) of the fifteenth day after Losar, the New Year in the lunar Tibetan calendar. The preceding fifteen days are called the Miracle Month that celebrates miracles the Buddha displayed in Sravasti for his disciples and guests so as to increase their devotion. During Chötrul Düchen it is believed that the effects of both positive and negative actions are multiplied ten million times.
To commemorate the occasion, Tibetan Buddhists make lamps, traditionally of yak butter but now usually of vegetable ghee called butter lamps, in the shapes of flowers, trees, birds, and other auspicious symbols. They also create elaborate displays for the lamps in their homes and in public spaces, sometimes erecting structures as large as a building. All the lanterns are lit in celebration on the fifteenth day of the month.
# 1999 Faroe Islands Cup

The 1999 Faroe Islands Cup was played between 14 March and 4 July 1999. The cup was won by KÍ Klaksvík.

## Preliminary round

The matches were played on 14 March 1999.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| EB/Streymur | 4–1 | AB |
| Royn Hvalba | 5–1 | Skála ÍF |

## First round

The matches were played on 21 March 1999.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| B71 | w/o | Royn Hvalba |
| TB | 4–1 (a.e.t.) | FS Vágar |
| LÍF | 1–0 | EB/Streymur |

## Second round

The second round (group stage) was played between 27 March and 20 April 1999.

### Group 1

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | HB | GÍ | ÍF | B71 |
| 1 | HB Torshavn | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 3 | +13 | 18 | Advanced to quarter-finals | | 1–0 | 3–0 | 2–0 |
| 2 | GÍ Gøta | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 7 | +12 | 12 | Advanced to quarter-finals | 2–4 | | 5–2 | 4–0 |
| 3 | ÍF Fuglafjørður | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 20 | −10 | 6 | Advanced to quarter-finals | 0–4 | 0–4 | | 4–2 |
| 4 | B71 Sandoy | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 20 | −15 | 0 | | 1–2 | 0–4 | 2–4 | |

### Group 2

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | KÍ | VB | B68 | TB |
| 1 | KÍ Klaksvík | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 4 | +7 | 15 | Advanced to quarter-finals | | 2–3 | 5–0 | awd |
| 2 | VB Vágur | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 4 | +9 | 12 | Advanced to quarter-finals | 0–1 | | 5–1 | 3–0 |
| 3 | B68 Toftir | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 14 | −8 | 9 | Advanced to quarter-finals | 0–1 | awd | | 1–0 |
| 4 | TB Tvøroyri | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 12 | −8 | 0 | | 1–2 | 0–2 | 3–4 | |

### Group 3

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | B36 | NSÍ | SÍ | LÍF |
| 1 | B36 Tórshavn | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 6 | +14 | 15 | Advanced to quarter-finals | | 2–1 | 6–2 | 7–0 |
| 2 | NSÍ Runavík | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 10 | +12 | 15 | Advanced to quarter-finals | 3–1 | | 6–3 | 4–3 |
| 3 | SÍ Sumba | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 19 | −12 | 3 | | 0–2 | 1–2 | | 1–0 |
| 4 | Leirvík ÍF | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 20 | −14 | 3 | | 0–2 | 0–6 | 3–0 | |

## Quarter-finals

The matches were played on 2 May 1999.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| B36 | 2–1 | NSÍ |
| VB | 3–1 | B68 |
| HB | 10–0 | ÍF |
| KÍ | 4–0 | GÍ |

## Semi-finals

The first legs were played on 13 May and the second legs on 24 May 2000.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| B36 | 4–2 | VB | 3–1 | 1–1 |
| HB | 2–2 (a) | KÍ | 0–1 | 2–1 |
# Buvce

Buvce, in Serbian Cyrillic Бувце, is a village in Serbia situated in the municipality of Lebane, district of Jablanica. In 2002, it had 109 inhabitants, of which 108 Serbs (99,08%).
# Miikka Pitkänen

Miikka Pitkänen (born 27 April 1996) is a Finnish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with KooKoo in the Finnish Liiga.
Pitkänen made his Liiga debut playing with KalPa during the 2013–14 season.
# CARASAL

Cathepsin-A Related Arteriopathy with Strokes And Leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by mutation in a gene CTSA which is located on a chromosome 20. This disease is allelic to Galactosialidosis. This disease usually begins with a headache, decreased concentration, abnormalities in gait, lack of inhibition, also it usually presents with migraine, depression, vertigo and high blood preasure.

## Symptoms

The signs of this disease are: migraine, mini-stroke, facial palsy, dementia, depression, problems with concentration and movements, vertigo, difficulty in swallowing, slurring of speech, sicca symptoms, problems with REM sleep and drug-resistant hypertension.
This condition usually manifest in the third to fifth decades of life.

## Cause

CARASAL is caused by mutation of the CTSA which codes enzyme Cathespin A. CTSA gene is located on 20q13.12.
This disease is inhertied in autosomal dominant fashion, which means that mutation of one gene copy is enough to cause the disorder.
According to some studies, the c.973C→T (p.R325C) mutation is associated with that disorder.

## Pathophysiology

Cathespin A is a lysosomal enzyme which main function is to form complex between β-galactosidase and Neurominidase 1 in lysosomes to protect them from degradation. Also it is known that Cathespin A degrades Endothelin-1 and consequently it is known that Endothelin-1 might cause inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation and remyelination through reactive astrocytes mechanism.
As mentioned at the beginning of the article, CARASAL is allelic to Galactosialidosis, although Galactosialidosis is an autosomal recessive disorder.

## Diagnosis

CARASAL can be diagnosed by MRI investigation and by confirmation of the mutation in CTSA gene, also CARASAL should be considered in case of:
* Middle-age patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (cSVD).
* Positive family history of stroke.
* Broad, unexplained, infra/supratentorial white and grey matter hyperintensities (a.k.a bright signals on MRI image).
* Neurotological problems.

## Treatment

This disease doesn't have a cure, although symptomatic management is available.

## Prognosis

It is believed that life expectancy is similiar to unaffected person.

## History

CARASAL was described in 5 French patients by Herve et al.
# Balcony Press

Balcony Press is a publisher established in 1994. The press has released art, architecture and design books emphasizing the cultural and historical aspects of design particularly in the western United States.
Publisher Ann Gray, herself an architect, has practiced architecture professionally for over 25 years. She is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and serves on the governing Council of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. The American Institute of Architects has awarded Ann Gray and Balcony Press the 1999 Institute Honor for Collaborative Achievement.
Balcony Press was the founding publisher of FORM: Pioneering Design Magazine, a design and building industry publication. FORM magazine was sold in 2018.

## Title sampling

* Scott Johnson, Tall Building: Imagining the Skyscraper. Balcony Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-890449-47-6.
* Photographs-Meg McComb, Introduction-Mark Peel, Preface-Robert Harris, The Gamble House Cookbook: Good Design Good Food. Balcony Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-890449-48-3.
* Photographs by Gil Garcetti, Essays by Kofi Annan, Jimmi Carter, Steven M. Hilton, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and Mary Robinson, Water Is Key: A Better Future for Africa, Balcony Press 2007. ISBN 978-1-890449-22-3 ; ISBN 978-1-890449-45-2.
# 1971 Bowling Green Falcons football team

The 1971 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1971 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Don Nehlen, the Falcons compiled a 6–4 record (4–1 against MAC opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 263 to 207.
The team's statistical leaders included Reid Lamport with 1,006 passing yards, Paul Miles with 1,185 rushing yards, and Rick Newman with 443 receiving yards.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 18 | at Ohio | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | W 20–19 | |
| September 25 | East Carolina* | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | W 47–21 | 14,689 |
| October 2 | Western Michigan | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | W 23–6 | |
| October 9 | No. 20 Toledo | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH (rivalry) | L 7–24 | |
| October 16 | at Kent State | Memorial StadiumKent, OH (rivalry) | W 46–33 | 13,643 |
| October 23 | Miami (OH) | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | W 33–7 | |
| October 30 | at Marshall* | Fairfield StadiumHuntington, WV | L 10–12 | |
| November 6 | at UT Arlington* | Turnpike StadiumArlington, TX | W 34–17 | 1,000 |
| November 13 | Xavier* | Doyt Perry StadiumBowling Green, OH | L 27–42 | |
| November 20 | at Dayton* | Baujan FieldDayton, OH | L 16–26 | |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from Coaches' Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche

Guy Armand de Gramont, Count of Guiche (25 November 1637 – 29 November 1673), was a French nobleman, adventurer and one of the greatest playboys of the 17th century.

## Early life

He was the son of Marshal Duke Antoine III de Gramont and Françoise-Marguerite du Plessis de Chivré, Richelieu's niece. His sister was Catherine Charlotte, (1639–1678), Princess of Monaco and one time mistress of Louis XIV of France.

## Career

After he was exiled in 1662, he fought against the Turks for Poland and against the English for the Dutch, and eventually returned to France in 1669.
He returned to court in 1671. In 1672, he joined Louis XIV and the Great Condé in the Franco-Dutch War and covered himself in glory when he swam across the Rhine, and the whole army followed his example.

## Personal life

Armand was bisexual. He was part of the entourage of Philippe de France, who was bisexual, where many reckoned him the handsomest man at court. He was known for being vain, overbearing, and somewhat contemptuous, but many lovers of both sexes often overlooked these flaws. It is generally accepted that he became the lover of Princess Henrietta, Philippe's wife, but for a time he also paid court to Louise de La Vallière. Guiche was, however, not sufficiently enamored with Louise to challenge King Louis XIV's affections for her. He was exiled in 1662 for conspiring with the jealous Henrietta to drive a wedge between Louis XIV and Louise.
He died on November 29, 1673.

## Portrayals in literature

The Comte de Guiche appears in Alexandre Dumas's novels Twenty Years After and The Vicomte de Bragelonne, where he is portrayed as the closest friend of Raoul, son of the musketeer Athos. In the latter novel, he is included in the entourage of Prince Philippe, and takes a central part in the tangled web of romantic intrigues which engulf the court.
# Ashtalakshmi Stotra

The Ashtalakshmi Stotra (Sanskrit: अष्टलक्ष्मीस्तोत्रम्, romanized: Aṣṭalakṣmīstotraṃ), also rendered the Ashta Lakshmi Stotram, is a Hindu mantra. It extols the eight aspects of the goddess Lakshmi, designated as the Ashta Lakshmi, regarded to represent the eight forms of wealth.

## Description

The Ashtalakshmi Stotra was composed and published in the early 1970s in Chennai by U.V. Srinivasa Varadachariyar, a theologian of the Sri Vaishnava tradition. The hymn was popularised through its distribution via audiocassettes in the 1980s. Devotees regard each of the Ashta Lakshmi to represent an attribute of Lakshmi, gaining the favour of the goddess with the chanting of each stanza of the prayer. The eight aspects of Lakshmi that are venerated by the mantra are:
* Adi Lakshmi (lit. 'primeval Lakshmi')
* Dhanya Lakshmi (lit. 'grain Lakshmi')
* Dhairya Lakshmi (lit. 'fearless Lakshmi')
* Gaja Lakshmi (lit. 'elephant Lakshmi')
* Santana Lakshmi (lit. 'progeny Lakshmi')
* Vijaya Lakshmi (lit. 'victorious Lakshmi')
* Vidya Lakshmi (lit. 'knowledge Lakshmi')
* Dhana Lakshmi (lit. 'wealth Lakshmi')

## Hymn

The first hymn of the mantra venerates Adi Lakshmi:
   sumanasavandita sundari mādhavi candrasahodari hēmamayē munigaṇavandita mokṣapradāyani mañjula bhāṣiṇi vēdanutē paṅkajavāsini dēvasupūjita sadguṇavarṣiṇi śāntiyutē jaya jaya hē madhusūdanakāmini ādilakṣmi sadā pālaya mām
   She who is praised by the virtuous, she who is beautiful, she who is the consort of Madhava and the sister of Chandra, the golden one She who is praised by the sages and their disciples, she who offers salvation, she who is of pleasant speech and hailed by the Vedas She who resides upon a lotus, she who is worshipped by the devas, she who showers auspicious qualities and contentment Victory to you, victory to you, the lover of Madhusudana, Adi Lakshmi, may you always protect me
# Melissa Grelo

Melissa Grelo (born June 30, 1977) is a Canadian television personality, best known as a co-host of CP24 Breakfast and the moderator of The Social. Since August 2016, Grelo has been a co-host of CTV's national morning show Your Morning, along with Ben Mulroney.
Melissa has also recently launched marQ, a gender neutral, kids clothing line named after her daughter, Marquesa.
Her other roles have included coanchoring CTV's Olympic Morning during the 2010 Winter Olympics, and Toronto's annual Santa Claus Parade.
Originally a teacher, Grelo studied broadcast journalism at Seneca College after deciding to pursue a change of career. She subsequently worked as a reporter for CKVR-TV and CITY-TV before becoming cohost of CP24 Breakfast in 2009.
Grelo is of Portuguese and Filipina descent. With her husband Ryan Gaggi, Grelo gave birth to a girl, Marquesa, in 2014.

## Personal life

Grelo's interests include travelling, reading, fitness training and horseback riding.
# Ras Khamis

Ras Khamis (Arabic: رأس خميس, romanized: Raʿs Khamīs) is a neighborhood in East Jerusalem. In 2007, construction of the Israeli West Bank Barrier cut off Ras Khamis from the rest of East Jerusalem, with the barrier completed in 2010. Presently, access to the rest of the city is via a single checkpoint. Subsequently, in 2012, municipal services such as urban planning, utilities, police and fire services, and garbage were discontinued in Ras Khamis and other neighborhoods that were separated by the barrier from the rest of the city. However, as the land was still claimed by Israel, the Palestinian Authority did not provide government services either.
Due to the housing shortage in the region, many high rise apartment buildings have been constructed in Ras Khamis, which as of 2014 is estimated to have a population of 20,000. The buildings are not approved by city planning and many have been threatened with demolition.
# Mary A. E. Richards

Mary A. E. Richards (née Mary Alice Eleanor Stokes; 1885–1977) was a Welsh botanist.

## Biography

Born near Dolgellau, Wales, and mainly raised in Lichfield, Staffordshire, she took an early interest in natural history and studied botany part-time at Mason Science College (now University of Birmingham). She married Major Henry ("Harry") Richards in 1907 and traveled extensively, including visits to India, Malaysia, China, Japan, Canada, and the United States of America.
Richards had three children, was active in the local Brithdir Church (Church in Wales, Anglican Communion), turned her house into a Red Cross hospital during World War I, which earned her the Royal Red Cross medal, became Councillor on the Marioneth County Council, and botanized extensively, culminating in a co-authored publication entitled A Contribution to the Flora of Merioneth.
Widowed in 1942, she traveled in 1950, to Abercorn, Northern Rhodesia (now Mbala, Zambia), for a holiday with old friends who lived there. She requested equipment for collecting plants from Edgar Milne-Redhead at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and vigorously began to collect herbarium specimens of African plants at the age of 65. She eventually settled in Zambia and collected about 27,000 herbarium specimens, including many new species and even new genera, including Richardsiella (Poaceae), which is named after her. She eventually published a "Check List of the Flora of Mbala (Abercorn) and District" with W. V. Morony in 1969 but was uncomfortable with the political changes in the newly independent Zambia and moved to Tanzania, spending much time with conservationist Desmond Vesey-Fitzgerald near Arusha National Park.
On the nomination of the first president of the independent Zambia, Dr. Kenneth Kaunda, Richards was appointed a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. At age 89, she returned to Wales, where she died in 1977. She continued to botanize until one week after her ninetieth birthday.
On many of the labels of her plant specimens, she recorded herself as "Mrs. H. M. Richards" (for Mrs. Henry Meredyth Richards).