# Russian submarine Magadan

K-331 Magadan is an Akula-class submarine in the Russian Navy.

## Design

Project 971 has a double-hull design. The robust body is made of high quality alloy steel with σт = 1 GPa (10,000 kgf / cm$^2$). To simplify the installation of equipment, the boat was designed using zonal blocks, which made it possible to transfer a significant amount of work from the cramped conditions of the sub's compartments directly to the workshop. After completion of the installation, the zonal unit is “rolled” into the hull of the boat and connected to the main cables and pipelines of the ship's systems. A two-stage damping system is used: all mechanisms are placed on damped foundations, in addition, each zone unit is isolated from the body by rubber-cord pneumatic shock absorbers. In addition to reducing the overall noise level of nuclear submarines, such a scheme can reduce the impact of underwater explosions on equipment and crew. The boat has a developed vertical tail unit with a streamlined boule, in which the towed antenna is located. Also on the submarine are two reclining thrusters and retractable bow horizontal rudders with flaps. A feature of the project is the smoothly mated connection of the tail unit to the hull. This is done to reduce noise-generating hydrodynamic eddies.
Power supply is carried out by a nuclear power plant. The lead boat, K-284 Akula, is equipped with an OK-650M.01 pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactor. On later orders, the AEU has minor improvements. Some sources report that subsequent boats are equipped with OK-9VM reactors. The thermal power of the reactor is 190 MW, the shaft power is 50,000 liters. with. Two auxiliary electric motors in the hinged outboard columns have a capacity of 410 hp. with., there is one diesel generator ASDG-1000.

## Construction and career

The submarine was laid down on 28 December 1989 at Amur Shipyard, Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Launched on 23 June 1990 and commissioned on 23 December 1990.
On 14 March 1991, he was included in the 45th Submarine Division of the Second Submarine Flotilla of the Pacific Fleet based in Krasheninnikov Bay.
On 24 September 1991, he arrived for permanent deployment in Krasheninnikov Bay.
From 8 September to 22 November 1992, he completed the tasks of the first combat service in the Sea of Okhotsk.
In December 1992, following the results of combat service, she won the prize of the Navy General Committee for the search and tracking of a foreign submarine and was declared the best in the Navy.
On 13 April 1993, he was renamed Narval.
From 21 June to 21 August 1993, he performed his second military service, off the coast of the United States in the Pacific Ocean.
On 8 October 1996, he entered the third military service. A malfunction occurred during service, thus the boat returned to his base in Krasheninnikov Bay.
From October to November 1997, he performed combat service with the crew of the K-295 Samara.
In 1998, he was transferred to the 10th Submarine Division of the 2nd Submarine Flotilla of the Pacific Fleet with the former base.
On 24 January 2001, by order of the commander of the Pacific Fleet, he was renamed Magadan.
On 3 October 2003, he represented the Russian Navy during a visit to the American military delegation.
From 2007 to 2008, the boat was repaired.
In July 2009, he took part in the Pacific Fleet's Naval Parade in the Amur Bay.
The K-331 Magadan was in Bolshoy Kamen on 27 June 2015.
As of 28 June 2015, it was located on the territory of the Zvezda Far Eastern Factory in Bolshoy Kamen, awaiting the next renovation.
As of 24 August 2017, the repair and modernization of the submarine is nearing completion. On 11 August, it became known that the name Magadan will be given to the projected diesel-electric submarine of Project 636.3 Varshavyanka.
On 10 October 2019, a decision was made instead of K-322, India plans to lease K-331 Magadan. The transfer, after repair and modernization, to the lease of the Indian Navy was scheduled for 2022.

## Citations

* ↑ Podvodnye Lodki, Yu.V. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2002, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4
* ↑ "Marine Nuclear Power:1939 – 2018" (PDF). July 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
* ↑ Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2008). Jane's Fighting Ships 2008-09. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group. p. 644. ISBN 978-0-71062-845-9.
* ↑ Apalkov, Yu. V. (2003). Подводные лодки ВМФ СССР [Submarines of the Soviet Navy]. Sankt-Peterburg: Galeya Print. ISBN 5-8172-0071-6.
* ↑ "Specification: SSN Akula Class (Bars Type 971) Attack Submarine, Russia". Naval-technology.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
* 1 2 3 http://www.rosprom.gov.ru/news.php?id=3053&fcat=0
* ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 January 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
* ↑ Apalkov, Yu.V. (2002). Подводные лодки. St. Petersburg: Галея Принт», Санкт.
* ↑ "Nuclear-Powered Submarines - Project 971". russianships.info. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
* ↑ 971 Магадан 2015, retrieved 18 September 2021
* ↑ ""Адмиралтейские верфи" планируют заложить две подлодки для ТОФ в 2019 году". РИА Новости (in Russian). 11 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
* ↑ "Подводная лодка К-322, "Кашалот". Проект 971". www.deepstorm.ru. Retrieved 18 September 2021.