OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jos Hermens

Josephus Maria Melchior "Jos" Hermens (born 8 January 1950 in Nijmegen, Gelderland) is a former Dutch long-distance runner. Subsequently, he also became well known for his later career as a sports manager as the founder and CEO of Global Sports Communication, which manages many Olympian athletes.

## Running career

Hermens is a three-time national champion in the men's 5,000 metres, and collected his first title on 14 July 1973 in The Hague. He was named Dutch Sportsman of the Year in 1975. He was a 10,000 metres finalist at the 1976 Summer Olympics and set the world record for the hour run the same year.
Hermens twice improved the world hour record, on the Papendal track. In September 1975, with Gerard Tebroke as a pacemaker, he ran 20,907 meters. In May 1976, without a pacemaker, he ran an additional 37 meters. This record held until 1991.
Hermens had withdrawn from the 1972 Olympic Games following the Munich massacre. "It's quite simple," he said. "We were invited to a party, and if someone comes to the party and shoots people, how can you stay?"

## Sports management career

After his athletic career was cut short by injuries, Hermens worked for Nike, leaving it in 1985 to start his management company, Global Sports Communications. Hermens' company manages in excess of 100 athletes; his current and former clients include Haile Gebrselassie, Eliud Kipchoge, Kenenisa Bekele, Gabriela Szabo, Nils Schumann, and Hezekiél Sepeng.
# Shubarteniz

Shubarteniz (Kazakh: Шұбартеңіз; Russian: Шубартениз) is a salt lake in Ulytau District, Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan.
In 1728, one of the battles of the Kazakh–Dzungar Wars took place near the lake and ended with the victory of the Kazakh Army.

## Geography

Shubarteniz is a shallow salt lake lying at the northern end of the Turan Lowland. Koskol village is located 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) to the west of Shubarteniz. The road between Koskol and Karsakpay skirts the northern end of the lake.
There are three main rivers flowing into the lake, the Baikonyr into the southeastern shore, the Zhymyky from the northeast, and the Kalmakkyrgan from the south. The Zhyngyldyozek flows out of the lake from the western shore. Shubarteniz is fed mainly by snow. When the lake is full it has regular-shaped shores and there are a few small islands. During the summer Shubarteniz dries up turning into a sor, where the salt precipitates in numerous spots of the exposed bottom of the lake. The salt of Shubarteniz is of high quality.

## Flora

There is little vegetation in the area of Shubarteniz, except for scattered spots of saltwort growth near the lakeshore.
# SpareBank 1 SMN

SpareBank 1 SMN is a Norwegian savings bank based in Trøndelag.
The bank has 71 branches in 51 municipalities in Central Norway and is part of the bank alliance SpareBank 1. In Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag the bank is branded SpareBank 1 Midt-Norge while it is branded SpareBank 1 Romsdals Fellesbank in Møre og Romsdal but in April 2008 the bank changed its name to Sparebank 1 SMN. The company has its head office in Trondheim. The CEO is Finn Haugan.
The bank has total assets of NOK 46 billion, making it the 9th largest bank in Norway. In Trøndelag the bank has a market share of 38% while it has a 28% marked share in Romsdal. The bank serves both private customers in addition to agricultural, small and medium-sized businesses in addition to the public sector.

## History

The bank has roots to Trondhjems Sparebank which was founded to 1823. Sparebanken Midt-Norge was created in 1984 when 23 savings banks in Trøndelag merged to create a regional savings bank. In 1988 Spareskillingsbanken was also merged into the bank. The bank created grunnfondsbevis in 1994 and listed itself on Oslo Stock Exchange. In 1996 it was one of the founding banks of the alliance SpareBank 1, where it today holds a 19.5% ownership. In 2005 it bought the commercial bank Romsdals Fellesbank.
The Norwegian subsidiary of Iceland’s Glitnir Bank, Glitnir Bank ASA in Norway, was sold for NOK 300 million on October 21, 2008, or ISK 5.5 billion, but its current worth is estimated at ISK 36.5 billion . Glitnir ASA was bought by 20 savings banks. The takeover was led by Finn Haugan, the managing director of Sparebank 1 SMN which acquired a 25-percent stake in the bank.

## Awards

In collaboration with the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, the bank awards the biannual Gunnerus Sustainability Award.
# Confidence Building Measures for the Cyprus dispute

Part of a series on the Cyprus dispute :
Cyprus peace process :
HistoryEstablishment of UN peace force in Cyprus1964UNSC resolution 3551974Annan Plan for Cyprus (UNSC resolution 1250, referendums)1999-20042008–2012 talks2008-20122014 talks20142015–2017 talks2015–2017 :
Primary concerns
Status of Northern Cyprus
Human rights in Cyprus and Northern Cyprus
Refugees
UN representative
Turkish settlers
Property
Guarantees :
Secondary concerns
Electricity supply
Water supply in Cyprus and Northern Cyprus
Buffer zone :
International brokers
Kofi Annan as envoy (United Nations) :
Proposals
United Cyprus Republic
Two-state solution
Confidence Building :
Projects
Civil Society Dialogue :
vte :
Confidence Building Measures for the Cyprus dispute is a measure implemented by the United Nations force in Cyprus and aims to bring an end to the Cyprus dispute. Confidence Building Measures have been proposed by Andreas Mavroyiannis representing Nicos Anastasiades and Kudret Ozersay representing Derviş Eroğlu. Joe Biden in his two-day visit to Cyprus in May 2014 has been characterised as a catalyst for empowering Confidence Building Measures between the two sides.

## History of confidence building measures

There is a long history of confidence building measures in Cyprus starting from 1963.
The Republic of Cyprus has provided to its occupied areas, free electricity, worth 283 million euros, and free supply of water, the worth of more than 14 million Euros. It also gives to the Turkish Cypriots free medical care and free education in private schools, Cypriot passports, pensions and social insurance benefits and has them eligible for the same free assistance in money, for University education, as the rest of Cypriots.
The semi-state TV channel of the Republic of Cyprus, CyBC, has television programs in Turkish and the Government of Cyprus pays most of UNFICYP expenses, which serves both communities.
The Turkish Cypriot authorities from 2003 and onwards, have opened the roadblocks and permitted Greek Cypriot visits, and they have cooperated with the Republic of Cyprus for the implementation of the Nicosia Sewerage Project and the Nicosia Master Plan.

## Confidence building measures 2015

In May 2015, Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades and Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci, agreed to confidence building measures.
The government of the Republic of Cyprus gave the coordinates of 28 minefields in Pentadaktylos and the Turkish Cypriot authorities agreed, as to no longer require Greek Cypriots to fill in visa forms at crossing points, but instead show their id.
# Avon Inflatables

Avon Inflatables, Ltd is a manufacturer of inflatable boats, RIBs and marine safety equipment. The company is based in Dafen, near the town of Llanelli in Carmarthenshire, Wales, and supplies the leisure, commercial and military markets.

## History

The company was founded in 1959 in the town of Bradford on Avon in the English county of Wiltshire, and moved to its current location in the 1960s. During the 1990's the hulls were built in Cowes on the Isle of Wight, initially under license by Galt Composites & later as part of Avon Inflatables.
Until 1994, Avon Inflatables formed part of Avon Rubber, but the business was then sold and now operates independently of its former parent. Since 1998, the company has been a division of the French company Zodiac Marine & Pool before being taken over by the Zodiac Group's Military and Professional division, which in 2012 became an independent company named Zodiac Milpro.
In 2019, Avon launched an electric jet-drive tender. The dinghy is powered by a battery from the BMW i3 car and was developed in partnership with Torqeedo, owned by Deutz AG.

## Avon and survival at sea

There are numerous accounts of survival at sea involving Avon equipment.
* The Perfect Storm describes the use of Avon inflatable rafts under extreme conditions.
* Steven Callahan survived adrift for 76 days. In a 1983 letter to Cruising World, Callahan said “I must express my appreciation to Avon, who built a good product that did it's [sic] job for 76 days.”
* Two sailors survived 13 days at sea in their Avon raft after abandoning ship in a 1981 incident.
* Avon cites a 117-day survival.
# Foale and Tuffin

Foale and Tuffin was an English fashion design business established in London in 1961 by Marion Foale and Sally Tuffin. The label became a part of the 1960s Swinging London scene.

## Company history

The designers had both studied at the Royal College of Art, graduating in 1961. Foale and Tuffin was born after they made an appointment to show two dresses to a buyer at Woollands 21 shop, next door to Harvey Nichols, after hearing they were looking for merchandise from young designers. Foale and Tuffin took three floors of a narrow house and shopfront in Carnaby Street. Shunning Paris fashion, they turned their design focus towards ‘fun’ clothes. They became known for their tailoring, creating long lean suits and coats, such as those worn by Susannah York in Kaleidoscope. By 1963, Foale and Tuffin had fulfilled their ambition of running a successful business without the help of a man.
In 1962 Vogue magazine found their work, and chose a dress to be photographed. David Bailey took the shot, resulting in Foale and Tuffin's Vogue debut. Foale and Tuffin became a regular fixture of Marit Allen's groundbreaking 'Young Ideas' section in British Vogue, along with many other young designers such as John Bates, Bill Gibb, Gerald McCann, and Jean Muir. In addition to publishing their work and promoting it, Allen showed her support by wearing the clothes herself. Her Foale and Tuffin wardrobe was sold at auction in 2010.
In 1963, Foale and Tuffin set up their first real premises in a little walkway called Marlborough Court, off Carnaby Street. Originally workrooms, this became their first shop.
As well as designing for the British market, along with Mary Quant, Foale and Tuffin designed for the large American retail chain J C Penney. They also designed for the Puritan Fashion Corporation under a label called Paraphernalia, for which Betsey Johnson was already a designer. They embarked on whistle stop publicity tours around America, including Breakfast TV.
The last Foale and Tuffin collection, Coco Frills, came out in 1972.
A book was published in October 2009, Foale and Tuffin: The Sixties. A Decade in Fashion by Iain R. Webb, published by ACC Publishing Group.
# Source Code (memoir)

Source Code: My Beginnings is a memoir by Bill Gates. The book covers his early life and the foundation of Microsoft, ending in the late 1970s when Microsoft signed their first deal with Apple. It is the first of three planned memoirs by Gates. The second will cover his years at Microsoft and the third his philanthropy. It was published by Penguin's imprints Alfred A. Knopf in the United States and Allen Lane in the United Kingdom.

## Reception

Several reviewers noted Gates’s penchant for self-deprecation and his ability to humanize his success. Writing for The Guardian, Steven Poole remarked that Gates conveyed humility, in contrast to other tech titans. Poole wrote: "There is a sense of the writer, older and wiser, trying to redeem the past through understanding it better". David Shaywitz of The Wall Street Journal also praised Gates’s candidness, writing that the reader is “treated to an unexpectedly revealing account”. InThe New York Times, Jennifer Szalai liked the description of Gates’s youth but found that not much happened in many parts of the novel: "Source Code contains plenty of nicely rendered details, but as far as narrative tension goes, for the first 50 pages or so there is hardly any". She wrote that Gates might have to grabble with more difficult reflections on his later years in his two upcoming memoirs.
# Halladay Farmhouse

Halladay Farmhouse is a historic home located at Duanesburg in Schenectady County, New York. It was built about 1786 and remodeled in the 1830s in a vernacular Greek Revival style. It is a 1+1⁄2-story, five-bay frame building with a small 1-story gable-roofed wing. It features a wide frieze pierced by rectangular eyebrow windows with ornate iron grillwork. Also on the property are two contributing barns, a carriage house, two sheds, and a machine shop building.
The property was covered in a 1984 study of Duanesburg historical resources. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Corey Duffel

William Corey Duffel (born April 11, 1984) known as Corey Duffel, is a professional skateboarder from Walnut Creek, California.
Duffel's sponsors include Converse, Venture Trucks, Mob Grip, Orbs Wheels, Metro Skateboard Shop, Armourdillo, CCS magazine, Skullcandy headphones, and Bones Swiss Bearings.

## Fashion and skating style

Corey is well known for dressing in a distinctive 1970s punk fashion.
He is known for his fast pace, performing tricks on big gaps, rails, stairs, big wallrides and other large obstacles (for example, the freeway gap in Foundation Skateboard's 2007 "Cataclysmic Abyss" video). His skating stance is Goofy. Duffel rides for his original sponsor, Metro, in his hometown.
Duffel began skateboarding at age ten, and turned pro at age eighteen.

## Charity work

Duffel works with mentor Michael Davis' Music Is Revolution Foundation, raising money to support music education in public schools. Davis and Duffel collaborated on fashion and skate items for Foundation.

## Video appearances

* 1998 Think - Dedication
* 2001 Thrasher - Go For Broke
* 2002 Thrasher - Playing in Traffic
* 2002 Foundation - Madness & Mayhem.........skate till death
* 2002 411VM - Issue #54 (Controlled Chaos Section)
* 2002 411VM - Issue #55 (Wheels Of Fortune Section)
* 2002 Zero Skateboards - Dying to Live (Friends Section)
* 2003 Pharmacy Boardshop - Chily
* 2004 Globe - World Cup Skateboarding Street Riot
* 2004 Foundation - That's Life Flick (Last Part)
* 2004 Foundation - European Tour
* 2005 Foundation - Gareth Stehr's Go Go Toe Jam
* 2005 88 Footwear – Destroy Everything Now (Last Part)
* 2006 411VM – Volume 14, Issue 1
* 2006 Stephen Duffel – Beautiful Breakdown
* 2007 Foundation - Cataclysmic Abyss (2nd Last Part)
* 2007 X-Games - Street contest tyrant and is round
* 2007 Osiris Footwear - Feed the Need (2nd Last Part)
* 2007 Chandler tour
* 2008 Congress oF Freaks Osiris
* 2008 Skate And Create Transworld/Osiris [Congress Of Freaks The Sensation Of The Year]
* 2009 Split Clothing - Demons in the Attic (Though the video was in fact produced and shipped, Split Clothing's untimely demise prevented this video from ever being seen, and Duffels footage has been unused)
* 2009 BATB2 (Battle at The Berics2)
* 2009 Transworld Skateboarding - Right Foot Forward (2nd Last Part)
* 2009 Maloof Money Cup 2009
* 2011 Foundation - WTF!
* 2012 Osiris Footwear - Never Gets Old

## Video game appearances

Duffel is a playable character in the 2010 video game Tony Hawk: Shred.
# Richard Pulteney

Richard Pulteney FRS FRSE FLS (17 February 1730 – 13 October 1801) was an English physician and botanist. He was a promoter of Linnaean taxonomy, and authored the first English language biography of Carl Linnaeus, entitled A General View of the Writings of Linnaeus.

## Life

He was born in Loughborough on 17 February 1730, the sole surviving child of thirteen children to Samuel Pulteney (1674–1754), a tailor, and his wife, Mary Tomlinson (1692–1759) from neighbouring Hathern. The family were Calvinists.
His maternal uncle, George Tomlinson of Hathern, instilled in him an early love of Natural History.
He was educated at Loughborough Grammar School, and a school house was later named after him. After being apprenticed as an apothecary in Loughborough he was then sent to Scotland to study medicine at Edinburgh University where he gained a doctorate (MD) in 1764. He served as an apothecary and physician in Leicestershire for some years before obtaining a position as personal physician to the elderly William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, a very distant cousin, at his London address. In 1762 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.
When the Earl died in 1764 he moved to Blandford in Dorset and remained there for the rest of his life. He formalised his role as doctor of the village in 1767. In this small rural community he had ample free time to devote himself to the study of nature.
In 1779 aged 49, he married Elizabeth Galton (d.1820), daughter of John Galton of Shapwick. They had no children but cared for one of Elizabeth's nieces as a daughter.
In 1793 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Daniel Rutherford, Dr Alexander Monro, and William Wright.
He died at Blandford in Dorset on 13 October 1801. He is buried in Langton Herring churchyard in Dorset. A memorial table to his memory was erected in Blandford church. He bequeathed his Hortus Siccus and collection of botanical books to the Linnaean Society.

## Publications

* Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany (1790)
* A General View of the Writings of Linnaeus (1781)

## Artistic Recognition

His portrait by Thomas Beach is held by the Leicestershire County Council Museum.
His etched portrait by James Basire is held by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
# Whitehaven Hotel

Whitehaven Hotel is a historic hotel located at Whitehaven, Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. It is a three-story, U-shaped, steeply pitches mansard-roofed Second Empire-style frame structure. The center core of the hotel is a Federal side hall / parlor dwelling, erected around 1810–1815. The hotel interior retains much of its early and later 19th century woodwork.
The Whitehaven Hotel is located at the site of the Whitehaven Ferry which has crossed the Wicomico River at this location since 1687. The hotel is operating as a Bed and Breakfast with eight rooms.
The Whitehaven Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
# Alps Tour

The Alps Tour is a developmental professional golf tour for men which is sanctioned by the national golf associations of France, Italy, Austria and Switzerland. Established in 2001, it is a third level tour, the highest level of men's golf in Europe being the European Tour, and the second level being the Challenge Tour. Other third level tours in Europe include the United Kingdom-based Tartan Pro Tour and Clutch Pro Tour, the Germany-based Pro Golf Tour, and the Nordic League in the Nordic countries. Beginning in July 2015, the four third-level tours will carry Official World Golf Ranking points.
Like the other third-tier European tours, the top ten players on the Order of Merit are exempt through the second stage of European Tour Qualifying School, and the top five non-exempt players win Challenge Tour cards.
Alumni who have gone on to win on the European Tour include Marco Crespi, Guido Migliozzi, Chris Paisley, Julien Quesne, and Matt Wallace.

## Order of Merit winners

| Year | Winner | Points |
| 2024 | Benjamin Kédochim | 28,119 |
| 2023 | Ronan Mullarney | 25,714 |
| 2022 | Gregorio De Leo | 39,936 |
| 2021 | Jacopo Vecchi Fossa | 28,050 |
| 2020 | Jordi García del Moral | 18,503 |
| 2019 | Edoardo Lipparelli | 36,667 |
| 2018 | Santiago Tarrío | 26,702 |
| 2017 | Adri Arnaus | 26,214 |
| 2016 | Matt Wallace | 49,703 |
| 2015 | Darius van Driel | 35,860 |
| 2014 | Nino Bertasio | 31,994 |
| 2013 | Jason Palmer | 36,660 |
| 2012 | Gareth Shaw | 34,545 |
| 2011 | Guillaume Cambis | 30,124 |
| 2010 | Matteo Delpodio | 44,632 |
| 2009 | Andrea Perrino | 48,285 |
| 2008 | Julien Grillon | 40,530 |
| 2007 | Julien Quesne | 37,716 |
| 2006 | François Calmels | 32,818 |
| 2005 | Cédric Menut | 38,931 |
| 2004 | Andrea Maestroni | 28,335 |
| Year | Winner | Prize money (€) |
| 2003 | Emmanuele Lattanzi | 25,857 |
| 2002 | Alessandro Napoleoni | 28,022 |
| 2001 | Stefano Reale | 23,332 |
# Moustached warbler

The moustached warbler (Acrocephalus melanopogon) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds in southern Europe and southern temperate Asia with a few breeding in north-west Africa. It is partially migratory. South-west European birds are resident, south-east European birds winter in the Mediterranean breeding range, and the Asiatic race migrates to Arabia, India and Pakistan.

## Taxonomy

The moustached warbler was formally described and illustrated in 1823 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck based on a specimen collected near Rome in Italy. He coined the binomial name Sylvia melanopogon. The moustached warbler is now one of 42 warblers placed in the genus Acrocephalus that was introduced in 1811 by the German naturalist Johann Andreas Naumann and his son Johann Friedrich Naumann. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek ακρος/akros meaning "point" or "crest" with -κεφαλος/-kephalos meaning "-headed". The specific epithet melanopogon combines the Ancient Greek μελας/melas, μελανος/melanos meaning "black" with πωγων/pōgōn, πωγωνος/pōgōnos meaning "beard".
Three subspecies are recognised:
* A. m. melanopogon (Temminck, 1823) – south Europe to Ukraine and west Turkey, northwest Africa
* A. m. mimicus (Madarász, G, 1903) – east Turkey to south Russia, Kazakhstan, northwest China, Iran and Iraq
* A. m. albiventris (Kazakov, 1974) – southeast Ukraine and southwest Russia

## Description

The moustached warbler is 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) long, slightly smaller than the similar sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus). The adult has a finely streaked brown back and white underparts. The forehead is flattened, there is a prominent whitish supercilium, grey ear coverts, and the bill is strong and pointed. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers, but young birds are more heavily streaked and have markings on the breast.
The song is fast and similar to the sedge warbler and reed warbler, with some mimicry and typically acrocephaline whistles added. Its song is softer and more melodious than those of its relatives, and includes phrases reminiscent of the nightingale. Unlike the sedge warbler, it does not sing in flight.

## Distribution and habitat

It is scarce north of its range, but has occurred as a very rare vagrant as far as Poland and Denmark. There have been a few reports from Great Britain, including a pair breeding in Cambridgeshire in 1946, but these records have recently been removed from the official list of British birds, being unconvincingly distinguished from sedge warblers or paddyfield warblers. It is found in upright aquatic vegetation such as reeds and sedge.

## Behaviour
### Feeding

Like most warblers, it is insectivorous.

### Breeding

The moustached warbler is usually monogamous. The deep cup nest is built by the female suspended over water among reeds or rushes or in a bush. A clutch of 3 to 6 eggs are laid from mid-April. They are incubated by both sexes for 13 to 15 days. Both parents feed the young. They leave the nest after around 12 days and become independent of their parents 18-22 days after fledging. Two broods are raised each year.