OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Iteratively reweighted least squares

The method of iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) is used to solve certain optimization problems with objective functions of the form of a p-norm:
$\mathop {\operatorname {arg\,min} } _{\boldsymbol {\beta }}\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\big |}y_{i}-f_{i}({\boldsymbol {\beta }}){\big |}^{p},$
by an iterative method in which each step involves solving a weighted least squares problem of the form:
${\boldsymbol {\beta }}^{(t+1)}={\underset {\boldsymbol {\beta }}{\operatorname {arg\,min} }}\sum _{i=1}^{n}w_{i}({\boldsymbol {\beta }}^{(t)}){\big |}y_{i}-f_{i}({\boldsymbol {\beta }}){\big |}^{2}.$
IRLS is used to find the maximum likelihood estimates of a generalized linear model, and in robust regression to find an M-estimator, as a way of mitigating the influence of outliers in an otherwise normally-distributed data set, for example, by minimizing the least absolute errors rather than the least square errors.
One of the advantages of IRLS over linear programming and convex programming is that it can be used with Gauss–Newton and Levenberg–Marquardt numerical algorithms.

## Examples
### L$_1$ minimization for sparse recovery

IRLS can be used for ℓ$_1$ minimization and smoothed ℓ$_p$ minimization, p < 1, in compressed sensing problems. It has been proved that the algorithm has a linear rate of convergence for ℓ$_1$ norm and superlinear for ℓ$_t$ with t < 1, under the restricted isometry property, which is generally a sufficient condition for sparse solutions.

### L$^p$ norm linear regression

To find the parameters β = (β$_1$, …,β$_k$)$^T$ which minimize the L$^p$ norm for the linear regression problem,
${\underset {\boldsymbol {\beta }}{\operatorname {arg\,min} }}{\big \|}\mathbf {y} -X{\boldsymbol {\beta }}\|_{p}={\underset {\boldsymbol {\beta }}{\operatorname {arg\,min} }}\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left|y_{i}-X_{i}{\boldsymbol {\beta }}\right|^{p},$
the IRLS algorithm at step t + 1 involves solving the weighted linear least squares problem:
${\boldsymbol {\beta }}^{(t+1)}={\underset {\boldsymbol {\beta }}{\operatorname {arg\,min} }}\sum _{i=1}^{n}w_{i}^{(t)}\left|y_{i}-X_{i}{\boldsymbol {\beta }}\right|^{2}=(X^{\rm {T}}W^{(t)}X)^{-1}X^{\rm {T}}W^{(t)}\mathbf {y} ,$
where W$^{(t)}$ is the diagonal matrix of weights, usually with all elements set initially to:
$w_{i}^{(0)}=1$
and updated after each iteration to:
$w_{i}^{(t)}={\big |}y_{i}-X_{i}{\boldsymbol {\beta }}^{(t)}{\big |}^{p-2}.$
In the case p = 1, this corresponds to least absolute deviation regression (in this case, the problem would be better approached by use of linear programming methods, so the result would be exact) and the formula is:
$w_{i}^{(t)}={\frac {1}{{\big |}y_{i}-X_{i}{\boldsymbol {\beta }}^{(t)}{\big |}}}.$
To avoid dividing by zero, regularization must be done, so in practice the formula is:
$w_{i}^{(t)}={\frac {1}{\max \left\{\delta ,\left|y_{i}-X_{i}{\boldsymbol {\beta }}^{(t)}\right|\right\}}}.$
where $\delta$ is some small value, like 0.0001. Note the use of $\delta$ in the weighting function is equivalent to the Huber loss function in robust estimation.
# List of archives in Montenegro

Montenegro’s archival heritage spans administrative, judicial, and private collections from the Venetian (1420–1797), French (1797–1814), Austrian (1814–1918), and Yugoslav (1918–1992) periods, as well as the Kingdom and Principality of Montenegro. The State Archives of Montenegro, established in 1951 and headquartered in Cetinje, leads the archival network with branches in cities like Kotor, Podgorica, and Bar.

## List of archives in Montenegro
### State archives

* State Archives of Montenegro (Headquarters in Cetinje)
** State Archives of Montenegro, Podgorica
** State Archives of Montenegro, Danilovgrad
** State Archives of Montenegro, Nikšić
** State Archives of Montenegro, Kolašin
** State Archives of Montenegro, Berane
** State Archives of Montenegro, Andrijevica
** State Archives of Montenegro, Bijelo Polje
** State Archives of Montenegro, Pljevlja
** State Archives of Montenegro, Budva
** State Archives of Montenegro, Kotor
** State Archives of Montenegro, Herceg Novi
** State Archives of Montenegro, Ulcinj
** State Archives of Montenegro, Bar
** State Archives of Montenegro, Cetinje
** Archive of the History of Labour Movement of the State Archive of Montenegro

### Religious communities archives

* Arhive of Serbian Orthodox Church in Kotor
* Diocesan Archives of Kotor
* Parish archives of Church of St. Nicholas in Perast
* Archdiocesan Archives of Bar
# Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' freestyle 46 kg

The girls' 46 kg tournament in wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 16 at the International Convention Centre.
The event limited competitors to a maximum of 46 kilograms of body mass. The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format. The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Yu Miyahara Japan | Iulia Leorda Moldova | Petra Olli Finland |

## Group stages
### Group A

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| Yu Miyahara (JPN) | 2 | 7 | 12 |
| Petra Olli (FIN) | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| Oriannys Segura (VEN) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Petra Olli (FIN) | 0-2 (1-1, 0-5) | Yu Miyahara (JPN) |
| Petra Olli (FIN) | 2-0 (1–0, 5–1) | Oriannys Segura (VEN) |
| Yu Miyahara (JPN) | 2-0 (4–1, 2–0) | Oriannys Segura (VEN) |

### Group B

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| Iulia Leorda (MDA) | 3 | 10 | 29 |
| Laura Mertens (GER) | 3 | 6 | 17 |
| Carissa Holland (AUS) | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Ikram Gannouni (TUN) | 3 | 1 | 10 |
| Carissa Holland (AUS) | 0-2 (0-4, 0-3) | Laura Mertens (GER) |
| Ikram Gannouni (TUN) | Fall (1-7, 2-5) | Iulia Leorda (MDA) |
| Carissa Holland (AUS) | Fall (0-3, 5–3) | Ikram Gannouni (TUN) |
| Laura Mertens (GER) | 0-2 (0-4, 0-3) | Iulia Leorda (MDA) |
| Carissa Holland (AUS) | 0-2 (0-6, 0-4) | Iulia Leorda (MDA) |
| Laura Mertens (GER) | 2-0 (4–1, 6–0) | Ikram Gannouni (TUN) |

## Classification
### 5th-place match

| Oriannys Segura (VEN) | 2-0 (4–0, 5–0) | Carissa Holland (AUS) |

### Bronze-medal match

| Petra Olli (FIN) | 2-1 (2-4, 3–0, 1–0) | Laura Mertens (GER) |

### Gold-medal match

| Yu Miyahara (JPN) | 2-0 (4–2, 6–0) | Iulia Leorda (MDA) |

## Final rankings

| Rank | Athlete |
| | Yu Miyahara (JPN) |
| | Iulia Leorda (MDA) |
| | Petra Olli (FIN) |
| 4 | Laura Mertens (GER) |
| 5 | Oriannys Segura (VEN) |
| 6 | Carissa Holland (AUS) |
| 7 | Ikram Gannouni (TUN) |
# Lenzie Jackson

Lenzie Maurice Jackson (born June 17, 1977) is a retired National Football League kick returner and Arena Football League wide receiver/defensive back.

## High school years

Jackson attended Milpitas High School in Milpitas, California and was a letterman in football and track & field.

## College career

Jackson played college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils.

## Professional career

Jackson played in the NFL for the Jacksonville Jaguars (1999), the Cleveland Browns (2000), and the Pittsburgh Steelers (2001–2002). He played in the AFL for the Carolina Cobras (2004), the Columbus Destroyers (2005), and the Los Angeles Avengers (2006–2007).
# Sanad Al Warfali

Sanad Masoud Mohammed Masoud Al Warfali (Arabic: سند الورفلي; also spelled Al-Ouarfali : born 17 May 1992) is a Libyan footballer who plays as a defender for Al-Ittihad and the Libya national team.

## International career

Al Warfali scored his first international goal in a 1–1 draw with Morocco. The match was a 2017 African Cup of Nations qualifier.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Libya's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 3 June 2016 | Stade Olympique de Radès, Radès, Tunisia | Morocco | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 2. | 11 October 2019 | Honneur Stadium, Oujda, Morocco | Morocco | 1–1 | 1–1 | Friendly |
| 3. | 19 November 2019 | Stade Mustapha Ben Jannet, Monastir, Tunisia | Tanzania | 1–1 | 2–1 | 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 4. | 11 November 2020 | Stade Olympique de Radès, Radès, Tunisia | Equatorial Guinea | 1–1 | 2–3 | 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 5. | 1 September 2021 | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina, Libya | Gabon | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 6. | 16 November 2021 | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina, Libya | Angola | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |
# 1969 Villanova Wildcats football team

The 1969 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1969 NCAA University Division football season. The head coach was Jack Gregory, coaching his third season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 13 | West Chester | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | W 41–14 | |
| September 20 | at Toledo | Glass BowlToledo, OH | L 18–45 | |
| September 27 | at Delaware | Delaware StadiumNewark, DE (rivalry) | W 36–33 | 14,017 |
| October 4 | Santa Clara | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | W 57–8 | |
| October 18 | at Boston College | Alumni StadiumChestnut Hill, MA | W 24–6 | 23,200 |
| October 25 | at Xavier | Corcoran StadiumCincinnati, OH | W 35–7 | 6,881 |
| November 8 | Dayton | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | L 20–27 | |
| November 15 | William & Mary | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | W 35–21 | 7,320 |
| November 22 | Buffalo | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | L 14–24 | |
# Baskin

Baskin may refer to:

## People

* April Baskin, American politician
* Bibi Baskin (born 1952), Irish radio & TV presenter, hotelier, and author
* Burt Baskin (1913–1967), American founder of an ice cream chain
* Carole Baskin (born 1961), American zookeeper and animal rights activist
* David Baskin, American neurosurgeon
* Eino Baskin (1929–2015), Estonian actor and theatre director
* Elya Baskin (born 1951), Latvian actor
* Jeremy Baskin (born 1962), South African labour market analyst
* John Baskin, American television writer and producer
* Joseph Baskin (1880–1952), Belarusian-born labor activist
* Gershon Baskin (born 1956), Israeli peace activist
* Leonard Baskin (1922–2000), American sculptor and artist
* Monica Baskin, American psychologist
* Nora Raleigh Baskin (born 1961), American author
* R. N. Baskin (1837–1918), American politician
* Roman Baskin (1954–2018), Estonian actor and director
* Theodore Baskin (born 1950), American musician
* Kathleen Baskin-Ball (1958–2008), American Methodist minister

## Other

* Baskin, Louisiana, United States, a village
* Baskin (film), a 2015 Turkish surreal horror film by director Can Evrenol
# Worland House

The Worland House was built in 1917 in Worland, Wyoming, for local businessman Charlie Worland and his wife Sadie. Worland was the son of C. H. "Dad" Worland, the founder of the town of Worland, and was a noted local entrepreneur.
The house is a good example of the Bungalow style popular at the time. It was designed and built by local contractor H. C. Shirk. The house retains its architectural integrity and is the best example of its style in Worland. The house sits on a raised concrete block basement, fronted by a large porch, now enclosed. The entrance is offset from the center, under deep overhangs and a gable detailed with flat trim. The house extends deep into the lot, deeper than it is wide, with projecting small bays on either side and a rear enclosed porch addition. The interior retains its original detailing with stained oak trim and furnishings, including bookcases with leaded glass doors, flanked by Ionic columns as room dividers. Much of the kitchen is original.
The Worlands entertained extensively, holding dances in the basement for local young people. They sold the house in 1925 to G. C. Muirhead, the president of the Stockgrowers State Bank. The Muirhead family lived there until 1978.
The Worland House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
# World War I Memorial (Norfolk, Connecticut)

The World War I Memorial of Norfolk, Connecticut stands at the corner of Greenwoods Road West and North Street in the town's village center. The Rustic style memorial was built in 1921 to a design by New York City architect Alfredo S.G. Taylor. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its association with the architect.

## Description and history

Norfolk's World War I Memorial stands in a triangular grassy area at the junction of Greenwoods Road West and North Street, near the northern end of the village center. The monument itself is a triangular structure built out of ashlar granite, standing about 15 feet (4.6 m) high. Each of its three legs rises in a bellcast shape to a common peak, beneath which hangs a replica of the Liberty Bell. Bronze tablets commemorating the town's World War I soldiers are placed on each of the monument's curved triangular faces, just above stone bench projections.
The memorial was designed by Alfredo S.G. Taylor, an architect based in New York City who spent many summers in Norfolk. He is credited with more than thirty commissions in the community, including public and commercial buildings as well as many private residences. The memorial was dedicated in 1921. It is stylistically in keeping with Taylor's previous uses of stone and rustic styling. In giving him the commission, the town laid down four requirements:
* It should be large enough to express the forces of war
* It should avoid the need for a sculpture
* It should be made of local materials
* It should be simple enough to be constructed by the relatives of the war dead
# Wortham Gymnasium

The Wortham Gymnasium was a historic athletic facility on Arkansas Highway 200 in Oak Grove, a rural community in Nevada County east of Rosston. Built in 1935 by a Works Progress Administration crew, this large gymnasium was the only surviving remnant of a major push in the 1920s and 1930s to improve the education of African Americans in Oak Grove. It was a single-story wood-frame structure with a gable roof, with a shed-roofed vestibule area on the main (southern) facade. At the time of its construction, it was the largest gymnasium in the state.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It was removed from the National Register in 2015.
# The Drowned Book

The Drowned Book is a collection of poetry written by Sean O'Brien, a British poet, critic, and novelist. In 2007 it was awarded the Forward Prize for Best Collection (the third time the author has received this award) and the T. S. Eliot Prize in 2007. The book was reprinted in 2015, with an introduction from poet and novelist Helen Dunmore, a new cover, and additional content.

## Themes and subject matter

The Drowned Book is a collection of poems based around Dante Alighieri's Inferno, but the author decided to re-write them themed around a darker than usual form of water that is unclean and filled with emotions, and its part in the Northern English history. According to Sarah Crown, the author refers to the Victorian era and how the humans visioned themselves as being in control of the water element using different tools. In the poem "Re-edify me" he holds this thought in high regard. Yet, in "Water Gardens" poem, he talks about how detrimental the era was.

## Critical response

Sarah Crown, reviewing the collection for The Guardian, called it a "lyrical and evocative collection."
According to Tim Love, The Drowned Book sold 768 copies before being awarded the T. S. Eliot Prize.

## Awards

The Drowned Book was awarded both the T. S. Eliot Prize and Forward Prizes for Poetry in 2007. The T. S. Eliot Prize is the highest award given to poetry written by an Irish or English poet. The Forward Prizes for Poetry is a British award given to works of poetry published in England; this was the third time O'Brien received the award (to his surprise, given the competition). The judges from the Forward Prizes panel said the book is "witty and heart-wrenching."
| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref. |
| 2007 | Forward Prizes for Poetry | Collection | Won | |
| 2007 | T. S. Eliot Prize | — | Won | |
# Wade Hampton State Office Building

The Wade Hampton State Office Building is a historic state office building located at Columbia, South Carolina. It was built between 1938 and 1940, and is a large six-story building in a restrained Neoclassical style, with Art Deco inspired details. It held the offices of the Attorney General and the Department of Education, who embodied the state's policy of racial segregation. The building was also designed with segregated spaces for African American patrons conducting business there.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
# Héraðsvötn

Héraðsvötn (Icelandic pronunciation: ), whose name is often shortened to Vötn or Vötnin (and was called Jökulsá in previous centuries) is a glacier river in Iceland. It is formed by the confluence of Austari-Jökulsá and Vestari-Jökulsá. The Héraðsvötn is located in Skagafjörður, a municipality in northern Iceland, and it is one of the deadliest waterfalls in the country.
Héraðsvötn is formed by the confluence of multiple rivers that come together at the lower part of the town of Tunguháls, where the eastern and western branches of Jökulsá meet. The Norður river, Húseyjarkvísl, and many smaller rivers also flow into it. In the middle of Blönduhlíð, Héraðsvötn splits into two forks that flow to the sea on either side of Hegranes. These forks are referred to as the Western-Héraðsvötn and Eastern-Héraðsvötn.
In an article written by Hallgrímur Jónasson, published in 1966, Héraðsvötn was described as follows:
   To the south, they are formed from two major rivers: the western Jökulsá and the eastern Jökulsá. They converge a little farther down where settlements begin in the two valleys that they flow into and was named Héraðsvötn on account of this. Twelve to fifteen kilometers from the sea, they split off into two branches. They flow into the sea on either side of Hegranes, both branches moving similar amounts of water. Where the lake flows into the fjord, they are called the western and eastern estuary.
# Altyn

Altyn (Russian алты́н, also алты́нник, altynnik) is a historical Russian currency (symbol: ). The name in Tatar is altın (алтын) meaning "gold", and altı (алты) meaning "six", since it was worth 6 dengi, equivalent to three kopeck silver, then copper, a small value coin, or 180–206 copper puls.

## History

From the 14th century, the altyn had been in use in several Russian principalities as a Eurasian currency between Russian and Asian traders. Treaties between the principalities of Moscow, Ryazan and Tver show that the rate remained the same. One altyn was equal to six dengi, while one ruble was equal to 200 (in Moscow) or 220 (in Pskov) dengi. In the Sudebnik of 1497, one ruble was equal to 200 dengi, while one altyn was equal to six dengi.
They were minted from 1654 under Alexis I, and under Peter I as silver coins from 1704 to 1718. Peter began minting silver ruble coins in 1704 and made the ruble the first decimal currency; the altyn was equal to three kopecks. Later, they were revived under Nicholas I as copper coins with a value of three kopecks from 1839. While the name altyn eventually got lost, three-kopeck coins circulated in Russia until 1991.
In the 2010s, the Eurasian Economic Commission drafted first proposals to revive the altyn once again by 2025 as a common currency of the Eurasian Economic Union, although international sanctions against Russia reportedly encouraged the bloc to expedite the process by 3-5 years. However, as of 2023, the currency had still not been re-introduced.
# Cheslyn Jones

Cheslyn Peter Montague Jones (4 July 1918–13 October 1987) was an Anglican priest and liturgical scholar.

## Biography

Jones was ordained priest in 1942 after studying at Magdalen College, Oxford. After curacies in Wallsend (1941–1943) and Northolt Park (1943–1946), he lived at Nashdom Abbey (1946–1951). He then served as Chaplain of Wells Theological College (1951–1952).
In Oxford, from 1952 to 1956, he served as Priest-Librarian at Pusey House and Chaplain at Christ Church, before moving to Chichester where he was Canon, Chancellor and Librarian of Chichester Cathedral, and Principal of Chichester Theological College. In 1971, he returned to Pusey House to take up the role of Principal. From 1981 he returned to parish work in the Diocese of Peterborough.
He delivered the 1970 Bampton Lectures on Christ and Christianity: a study in origins in the light of St Paul.
He was also a member of the 20th Century Church Light Music Group.

## Works

* Jones, Cheslyn (1994). Christ and Christianity: A Study in Origins in the Light of St Paul; The Bampton Lectures 1970. Chichester: Frank Hawkins. OCLC 978362210.
* Jones, Wainwright, Yarnold, C P M, Geoffrey, Edward (1986). The Study of Spirituality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195041705.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Jones, Cheslyn, Wainwright, Geoffrey, Yarnold, Edward (1978). The Study of the Liturgy. London: SPCK. ISBN 0281035814.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
# Wupperman Block/I.O.O.F. Hall

The Wupperman Block/I.O.O.F. Hall is a historic building located just north of downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District.

## History

The building dates from 1859 when Hermann A. Wupperman built it to house his grocery store. He was in partnership with William P. Hall and their business was named Wupperman and Hall. The third floor was known as "Union Hall" before it was leased to Davenport Lodge No. 7 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.), who occupied the building for over one hundred years. During the Great Depression the Odd Fellows shared their space with other fraternal organizations. The storefronts on the first floor have been occupied by various businesses over the years.

## Architecture

The Wupperman Block is a three-story, brick building that was built on a stone foundation. It is an early attempt at Renaissance Revival architecture in Davenport, which up until this time was dominated by the Greek Revival style. The structure is rectangular in shape and has a side-gable roof. The two storefronts on the first floor are largely intact. The main façade of the building is divided into three sections: the storefront, the upper wall and the cornice. Although the building has been renovated it maintains its cast iron shop fronts and flanking brick piers.
The upper floors of the building contain seven windows that are evenly distributed. The windows are all rectangular in shape, but each is topped with a curved cornice. The windows on the third floor are taller than the ones on the second, which gives the building a vertical orientation. At one time the windows on the third floor were stained glass and depicted symbols of the I.O.O.F. These windows have been removed.
When it was built, the building had a projecting cornice that has been replaced by a cornice of corbelled brick. The side-gabled roofline is unusual for a building in Iowa and suggests a European influence in its design. The building remains a good example of pre-Civil War commercial architecture.
# Wyandot County Courthouse and Jail

Wyandot County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Upper Sandusky, Ohio. The building was designed by prominent Ohio architects Yost & Packard. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places, along with the neighboring jail, in 1973.