OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nile TV International

Nile TV International is a public Egyptian television channel. It is the second Egyptian satellite television news network in Egypt, and the first Arab satellite channel to broadcast its programs in foreign languages; English, French, and formerly Hebrew.
Nile TV International is broadcast on four satellites, allowing for its transmission to reach the whole Arab world, the Middle East, Europe, and the United States. Moreover, it is also broadcast as a terrestrial channel on the UHF band.
In July 2009, Nile TV International became formally part of the News Center of the Egyptian Radio and Television Union (ERTU), headed by Abdel-Latif el-Menawy.

## History

The channel began an experimental service in October 1993, in English and French, starting less than three years after the Egyptian Satelltie Channel. Its initial target was Europe, for which it was used as a means to boost Egypt-bound tourism.

## Hebrew service

There used to be a two-hour daily Hebrew service, which started in January 2002. The broadcast could be viewed outside of Egyptian borders from 6:00 PM CAT to 8:00 PM CAT, and aimed to represent a pan-Arab view.

## Administration

The channel's current president is Sameh Ragaee, who was previously the president of the Al-Nile Al-Akhbar (Nile News) Channel. He took the post in 2014. The former president, Dr. Mervat Mohsen, had to resign because of a mistake caused by the shift supervisor, who broadcast a documentary on former Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi.

### Former presidents

* Hassan Hamed
* Halla Hashish
* Dr. Mervat Mohsen
* Nashwa Shalakany
* Mervat el-Kaffas
* Youssef Sherif Rizkallah

## Anchors and reporters
### Current English anchors

* Nermin Nazim
* Hend Farrag
* Nesreen Bahaa El-Din
* Yasser Abdel Hakim
* Radwa Mobarak
* Hany Seif
* Mahetab El-Afandi
* Mayssa Maher
* Mohamed Abdel Rehim
* Ibrahim Kabeel
* Dina Hussein
* Hala El-Hamalawy
* Mona Sweilam
* Nancy Sarah Barakat
* Yasmin Bakir

### Current English reporters

* Mona Moselhy
* Angy Maher
* Nermine Abdel Rahman
* Sally Lamloum
* Amira Mohsen
* Aya El-Batrawy
* Yasmine Ibrahim
* Karim Gamal El-Din

### Former English anchors

* Bassel Sabri
* Nihal Saad
* Sami Zidan
* Ayman Salah
* Ahmed El-Naggar
* Shahira Amin
* Yousef Gamal El-Din

## Shows

* Panorama News
* Mondays
* Front Line
* Open to Question
* Arab Affairs
* Business World
* Nile Cruise
* Cairo Watch
* Egypt Today
In Ramadan 2009, the channel embarked on a daily two-hour talk show which aired from downtown Azhar park. "Egyptian Nights" aired 30 episodes and included several high-profile guests and extensive reporting.
# Pingshu

Pingshu (Chinese: 评书) or pinghua (Chinese: 评话) refers to the traditional Han Chinese performing art of storytelling with no musical accompaniment. It is better known as pingshu in northern China and pinghua in southern China.

## Performing art

Pingshu was extremely popular in the 1980s, when the Chinese people were able to afford radios, through which many of such radio drama programs were transmitted to every household. People, young and old, would stick to the radio when they had the time, listening to these storytellings, many of which originated from ancient Chinese history. In the countryside, farmers would take radios to their fields and listen to the stories while they were working. In cities, old men would sit in a comfortable bamboo chair enjoying the stories while sipping tea. Many stories such as General Yue Fei (說岳全傳), the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義), Cavalier with White Eyebrows (白眉大侠), and Romance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties (隋唐演義) gained popularity among young and old and became major topics of conversation. Famous storytellers or Pingshu performers such as Shan Tianfang (单田芳, 1934-2018), Yuan Kuocheng (袁阔成, 1929-2015), Tian Lianyuan (田连元, born 1941), and Liu Lanfang (刘兰芳, born 1944) consequently became well known.
Pingshu performers often wear gowns and stand behind a table, with a folded fan and a gavel (serving as a prop to strike the table as a warning to the audience to be quiet or as a means of attracting attention in order to strengthen the effect of the performance, especially at the beginning or during intervals). They often add their own commentaries on the subjects and the characters in their storytelling. In this way, the audience, while watching their performances, is not only entertained, but also educated and enlightened. Travelers in Beijing will often find taxi drivers listening to it on the radio.
Pingshu is popular in North and most of Northeast China. The art of storytelling, with its broad mass appeal, has resulted in the growth of other art forms, nurturing talented artists. Many great writers, in consequence, continued from there to tread the path of literature.
In order to attract the new generation of listeners, some non-traditional content was also adopted as Pingshu, like Harry Potter.
# Maldahia

Maldahia is a village in West Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 census of India, Maldahia had a population of 3909 in 671 households. Males constitute 52.13% of the population and females 47.86%. Maldahia has an average literacy rate of 46%, lower than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 64.18%, and female literacy is 35.81%. In Maldahia, 24.68% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Jafar Agha

Jafar Agha was a Kurdish tribal leader of the Shekak tribe in the early 20th century. He was born into a prominent Kurdish family that had influence in the region of west Azerbaijan, Iran. As the older brother of Simko Shikak, he played an important role in the leadership of the tribe. In 1905, Jafar Agha was invited to Tabriz by the Governor General of Azerbaijan, Husein Qulikhan Nizamul-saltana, to conduct political negotiations. But instead of an agreement, he was murdered on the orders of the governor. His death caused tensions in the region and led to his younger brother Simko Shikak taking over the leadership of the Shekak tribe.

## Family background

Throughout the Qajar era from the late 18th to the early 20th century, his family emerged as one of the most distinguished and politically influential Kurdish clans. Notably, Sadiq Khan Shekak served as both a general and a governor in the early Qajar state under Agha Muhammad Khan, commanding an army of 10,000 soldiers. However, he soon fell out of favor, and the Qajar monarch allegedly even attempted to have him assassinated. Sadiq Khan has also been implicated in the assassination of a Qajar king in the town of Shusha in 1797. Other prominent family members include Ismail Khan the Great and his son Ali Khan, followed by Muhammad Pasha, the son of Ali Khan, as well as Jafar Agha, the brother of Simko Shikak. Many members of this influential family eventually fell victim to Qajar state actions for instance, Jafar Agha was executed in Tabriz on the orders of the governor-general.
# Suomi24

Suomi24 is a Finnish internet forum and entertainment news website. As of 2020, it was the largest internet forum in Finland.

## History

The history of Suomi24 dates back to 1998, when the website was known as Sirkus.com. In 2000, Scandinavia Online Ab became the owner and the site was renamed Suomi24. In 2001, Eniro bought Scandinavia Online as part of the Eniro-group. Since 2008, Suomi24 Oy has been independent company owned by Aller Media Oy, part of Danish company Aller Media, and Eniro. Aller sold Suomi24 to City Digital Group [fi] in 2019.
A corpus collected from the forums was made available for research in the Finnish Language Bank (Kielipankki) in 2015. The corpus consists of messages reaching back to 2001.
# Avianca Flight 410

Avianca Flight 410 was a flight that crashed at 13:17 on March 17, 1988, near Cúcuta, Colombia, which occurred shortly after takeoff when it flew into a mountain. All 143 people on board were killed. It was the deadliest aviation accident to occur in Colombia until American Airlines Flight 965.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved, manufactured in 1966, was a Boeing 727-21 owned and operated by Avianca. It was registered as HK-1716 serial number 18999. It had flown previously with Pan Am, originally registered as N321PA and named Clipper Koln-Bonn; it was sold on September 20, 1974, to Avianca. It had logged 43,848 hours of airframe time and was powered by three Pratt & Whitney JT8D-7A engines.

## Description

The plane took off from Cúcuta at around 13:17 from runway 33 bound for Cartagena. There was no further information from the plane until ground witnesses claimed that they saw a Boeing 727 flying too low. The plane contacted some trees and then, at 13:18, it struck the mountain head on. The 727 broke in half and disintegrated when the fuel exploded; the remains were scattered in a 60-meter (200 ft) radius. There were no survivors among the 7 crew and 136 passengers.
Rescue operations and commissions rushed to the crash site, which was impossible to reach due to nightfall and the resulting low visibility. Area residents provided light and helped the rescuers reach the top of the mountain, where the rest of the wreckage was. The next day, the remains were transported back to Cúcuta to be identified by their family members.

## Investigation

The official cause of the crash was a controlled flight into terrain at 6,343 feet. The investigation pointed to a number of probable causes, including a non-crew pilot in the cockpit, whose presence diverted the attention of the pilot and who interfered with the operation of the aircraft, and a lack of teamwork (crew resource management) between the pilot and co-pilot.

## Aftermath

The crash of Flight 410 was the deadliest aviation accident to occur in Colombia until December 20, 1995, when American Airlines Flight 965 crashed into a mountain near Buga, Valle del Cauca, killing 159 people. The cause was determined to be pilot error.
# Robert Elphinstone, 3rd Lord Elphinstone

Robert Elphinstone, 3rd Lord Elphinstone (1530-1602) was a Scottish landowner and courtier.
Robert Elphinstone was the son of Alexander Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Elphinstone and Katherine Erskine, daughter of John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine and his wife Lady Margaret Campbell, daughter of Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll and Elizabeth Stewart. His great-aunt Euphemia Elphinstone was a mistress of James V of Scotland and the mother of Robert, Earl of Orkney.
The Elphinstone lands were to the east of Stirling near Airth and the Forth, centered on Elphinstone Tower.
His sister Margery Elphinstone married his neighbour Robert Drummond of Carnock in the 1540s. Their coat of arms from Carnock House was obtained by Harold Nicolson and Vita Sackville-West had it displayed at Sissinghurst Castle.
Robert became Lord Elphinstone after the death of his father at the Battle of Pinkie on 10 September 1547.
On 16 May 1554, because he had made poor decisions about his properties in his youth, Lord Elphinstone put his affairs in the hands of his grandfather Lord Erskine, his father-in-law John Drummond of Innerpeffray, and his brothers-in-law Robert Drummond of Carnock and John Hamilton of Haggs. This transaction was enacted before Mary of Guise and the Privy Council of Scotland in her presence chamber at Stirling Castle. Subsequently, the Elphinstones and Erskines continued a feud.
In May 1565, his brother-in-law Alexander Drummond of Midhope Castle was charged with conspiring with Lady Elphinstone to defraud Lord Elphinstone of his income over the past three years. However, there does not seem to have been a trial, or any further evidence of bad feeling between Elphinstone and his wife and the Drummonds of Midhope.
In April 1567 it was said that Lord Elphinstone had avoided signing the Ainslie Tavern Bond which would have pledged his support for the Earl of Bothwell. In May 1568, because he was a supporter of Mary, Queen of Scots, Regent Moray ordered him to surrender Elphinstone Tower.
In 1577 he was said to be a Catholic and still a supporter of the exiled Mary, Queen of Scots. In that year he transferred his estates to his eldest son, Alexander, Master of Elphinsone.
Lord Elphinstone was in London in 1592 and returned in November.
Robert, Lord Elphinstone, died on 18 May 1602 and was buried in the kirk of Airth.

## Family

Robert Elphinstone married Margaret Drummond, daughter of John Drummond of Innerpeffray and Margaret Stewart, a daughter of James IV of Scotland. Their children included;
* Alexander Elphinstone, 4th Lord Elphinstone
* James Elphinstone, 1st Lord Balmerino
* Father George Elphinstone, Rector of the Scots College in Rome.
* Sir John Elphinstone of Selmis and Baberton, a gentleman in the household of Anne of Denmark. He attended James VI and Anne of Denmark at the wedding celebrations of Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar at Alloa in December 1592. He was a friend of Arbella Stuart.
* Janet Elphinstone, who married Patrick Barclay of Towie.
* Margaret Elphinstone, who married John Cunningham of Drumquhassell in 1587.
# Semi-membership

In mathematics and theoretical computer science, the semi-membership problem for a set is the problem of deciding which of two possible elements is logically more likely to belong to that set; alternatively, given two elements of which at least one is in the set, to distinguish the member from the non-member.
The semi-membership problem may be significantly easier than the membership problem. For example, consider the set S(x) of finite-length binary strings representing the dyadic rationals less than some fixed real number x. The semi-membership problem for a pair of strings is solved by taking the string representing the smaller dyadic rational, since if exactly one of the strings is an element, it must be the smaller, irrespective of the value of x. However, the language S(x) may not even be a recursive language, since there are uncountably many such x, but only countably many recursive languages.
A function f on ordered pairs (x,y) is a selector for a set S if f(x,y) is equal to either x or y and if f(x,y) is in S whenever at least one of x, y is in S. A set is semi-recursive if it has a recursive selector, and is P-selective or semi-feasible if it is semi-recursive with a polynomial time selector.
Semi-feasible sets have small circuits; they are in the extended low hierarchy; and cannot be NP-complete unless P=NP.
# Chris Wormald

Sir Christopher Stephen Wormald KCB (born 30 October 1968) is a British civil servant serving as Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service since 2024.

## Early life

The son of Peter Wormald CB and Elizabeth née North, he was educated at Rutlish School in Merton before going up to St John's College, Oxford, graduating BA (1990). He then pursued postgraduate studies at Imperial College, London, taking an MBA (1999).
His father was a Deputy Secretary at the DHSS from 1978, then Registrar General for England and Wales 1990–96.

## Career

Wormald joined the Civil Service in 1991, working in the Department for Education (later the Department for Education and Employment). Rising to Principal Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Education and Skills from 2001 until 2004, he then worked on the Academies programme.
In 2006 Wormald transferred to the newly formed Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), promoted to be Director-General of Local Government and Regeneration. In 2009, he moved to the Cabinet Office as the Head of the Economic and Domestic Affairs Secretariat, succeeding Sir Paul Britton. Following the general election in 2010 and the consequent change in the position of Deputy Prime Minister, Wormald additionally became Head of the Deputy Prime Minister's Office.
In March 2012, Wormald left the Cabinet Office to return to the Department for Education as its Permanent Secretary, replacing Sir David Bell, who had retired to be the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Reading. As of 2015, Wormald was paid a salary of between £160,000 and £164,999 by DCLG, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time. In January 2016 it was announced that Wormald would transfer to the Department of Health and Social Care later in 2016, replacing Dame Una O'Brien after her retirement as its Permanent Secretary.
Wormald was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 2017 Birthday Honours.
In December 2024, it was announced that Wormald would take over from Simon Case as Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service. The three other final round candidates were Sir Olly Robbins, Dame Antonia Romeo and Tamara Finkelstein.
He was criticsed for his role during the Covid pandemic with the COVID-19 Bereaved Families for Justice stating, “Time and again, Christopher Wormald has refused in the UK Covid Inquiry to accept failures on behalf of the Department of Health and Social Care, despite irrefutable evidence to the contrary, backed up by the experiences of everyone in the UK during the pandemic,”.
# 1959 West German presidential election

An indirect presidential election (officially the 3rd Federal Convention) was held in West Germany on 1 July 1959. For the first time in the Federal Republic, the incumbent president, Theodor Heuss, was not eligible for reelection. In the buildup to the election, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer initially declared his candidacy, but then withdrew for political reasons. The Christian Democratic Union instead nominated Heinrich Lübke. The Social Democrats nominated Carlo Schmid who had been the party's caucus chair at the Parliamentary Council. The Free Democratic Party nominated the chair of its Bundestag caucus, Max Becker. Like the first contested presidential election ten years prior, it took two rounds to determine a winner. Heinrich Lübke fell two votes short of the absolute majority in the first round, winning the election with 526 votes in the second.

## Composition of the Federal Convention

The president is elected by the Federal Convention consisting of all the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of delegates representing the states. These are divided proportionally by population to each state, and each state's delegation is divided among the political parties represented in its parliament so as to reflect the partisan proportions in the parliament.
| By party | By party | By state | By state |
| Party | Members | State | Members |
| CDU/CSU | 517 | Bundestag | 519 |
| SPD | 386 | Baden-Württemberg | 70 |
| FDP | 82 | Bavaria | 88 |
| DP | 24 | Berlin | 21 |
| GB/BHE | 20 | Bremen | 6 |
| BP | 6 | Hamburg | 17 |
| DPS | 3 | Hesse | 44 |
| Total | 1038 | Lower Saxony | 62 |
| | | North Rhine-Westphalia | 147 |
| | | Rhineland-Palatinate | 32 |
| | | Saarland | 10 |
| | | Schleswig-Holstein | 22 |
| | | Total | 1038 |
Source: Eine Dokumentation aus Anlass der Wahl des Bundespräsidenten am 18. März 2012

## Results

| Candidate | Parties | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Parties | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Heinrich Lübke | CDU/CSU, DP | 517 | 49.8 | 536 | 50.7 |
| Carlo Schmid | SPD | 385 | 37.1 | 386 | 37.2 |
| Max Becker | FDP | 104 | 10.0 | 99 | 9.5 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 25 | 2.4 | 22 | 2.1 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Not present | Not present | 7 | 0.7 | 5 | 0.5 |
| Total | Total | 1,031 | 99.3 | 1,033 | 99.5 |
| Source: Bundestag ||||||
# King Albert Hall (Portland State University)

King Albert Hall is a 64-unit student residence hall at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. The four-story brick building includes studio apartments with kitchens, a student coffee shop, and laundry facilities.

## History

King Albert Apartments opened in February 1918, on the southwest corner of 11th and Montgomery. The address was 385 11th Street but was changed to 1809 SW 11th Avenue according to the 1933 street renumbering system. The name King Albert may have been chosen to honor World War I hero Albert I of Belgium. Owner Herbert Gordon, a real estate developer and member of the Oregon House of Representatives, sold the property soon after completion to A.C. Ruby, a breeder of thoroughbred horses. At a cost of $125,000, the building contained 51 three-room apartments and 16 two-room apartments. Advertisements emphasized "strictly modern" units with hardwood floors, tile baths, dressing rooms, and elevator access.
After the death of A.C. Ruby, ownership of the property passed to A.C. Ruby Jr., and in 1934 the building was part of a $250,000 title transfer whereby C.R. Reed, a breeder of thoroughbred horses, acquired the King Albert Apartments in exchange for the Davenport Farm in Silverton, Oregon. The farm had been the boyhood home of Homer Davenport.
In 1969, the property became part of student housing at Portland State University. In the fall of 2023, the building was demolished, and the plan for the site is currently unknown, though there is potential to rebuild a residential building.
# Uuno Kailas

Uuno Kailas, born Frans Uno Salonen (29 March 1901 – 22 March 1933) was a Finnish poet, writer, and translator. Together with Kaarlo Sarkia, Kailas was the most prominent Finnish poet of the 1930s.

## Life

Kailas was born in Heinola. After his mother's death, the boy received a strict religious upbringing from his grandmother. He studied in Heinola and occasionally in the University of Helsinki. In 1919, he took part in the Aunus expedition, where his close friend Bruno Schildt was killed.
Kailas' criticism and translations were published in Helsingin Sanomat. His first collection of poetry was Tuuli ja tähkä in 1922.
Kailas served in the army from 1923 until 1925. In 1929, he was hospitalized due to schizophrenia, and he was also diagnosed with tuberculosis. He died in Nice, France in 1933, and was buried in Helsinki.

## Works
### Poetry

* Tuuli ja tähkä (Gummerus, 1922)
* Purjehtijat (WSOY, 1925)
* Silmästä silmään (Schildt, 1926)
* Paljain jaloin (Otava, 1928)
* Uni ja kuolema (WSOY, 1931)
* Runoja (poems from poetry collections Paljain jaloin, Purjehtijat, Silmästä silmään, Tuuli ja tähkä and Uni ja kuolema; WSOY, 1932)
* Punajuova (WSOY, 1933)
* Valikoima runoja (WSOY, 1938)
* Isien tie (WSOY, 1941)
* Uuno Kailaan runoja (selection; WSOY, 1963)
* Ja tomust alkaa avaruus (selection; Karisto, 1984)
* Unen, kuoleman ja intohimon lauluja (selection; Otava, 1986)
* Unten maa (selection; Karisto 1989)
* Tuulien laulu (selection; among Saima Harmaja's and Eino Leino's poems; Kirjapaja, 1992)
* Tuulien nousuun (Kirjapaja, 1996)
* Palava laulu (selection; WSOY, 2000)

### Short stories

* Novelleja (WSOY 1936)

### Translations

* Leacock, Stephen: Pukinsorkka (Gummerus, 1923)
* Bruhn, Rudolf: Kuuden kerho (Otava 1924)
* Kaunis Saksa (WSOY 1924)
* Rakkauden korkea veisu (Gummerus 1924)
* Rosen, Erwin: Kaikkien valtojen uhalla (Gummerus 1924)
* France, Anatole: Aadamin ensimmäisen vaimon tytär (Kansanvalta 1926)
* Mörne, Arvid: Meren kasvojen edessä (Schildt 1926)
* Scott, Gabriel: Polku (Schildt 1926)
* Södergran, Edith: Levottomia unia (Tulenkantajain osakeyhtiö 1929)
* Kessel, Joseph: Ruhtinasöitä (Näytelmä 1930)
* Tegnér, Esaias: Fritjofin taru (Otava 1932)
* Södergran, Edith: Kohtaamisia (valikoima; WSOY 1982)
* Södergran, Edith: Runoja (WSOY 1942; also known as Kultaiset linnut, Karisto 1990)
* Södergran, Edith: Elämäni, kuolemani ja kohtaloni (among Pentti Saaritsa's ja Aale Tynni's translations; Otava 1994)
* Södergran, Edith: Hiljainen puutarha (Karisto 1994)

## Literature

* Maunu Niinistö: Uuno Kailas: hänen elämänsä ja hänen runoutensa. WSOY, 1956.
* Matti Hälli: Uuno Kailaasta Aila Meriluotoon. Suomalaisten kirjailijain elämäkertoja. WSOY, 1947.
* Uuno Kailas: muistojulkaisu. WSOY, 1933.
* Kalle Achté: Uuno Kailas – runoilija psykiatrin silmin. Yliopistopaino.