# San Benito County, California

San Benito County (/ˌsæn bəˈniːtoʊ/ ; San Benito, Spanish for "St. Benedict"), officially the County of San Benito, is a county located in the Central Coast region of California. Situated in the California Coast Ranges, the county had a population of 64,209, as of the 2020 United States census. The county seat is the city of Hollister.
San Benito County is included in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. El Camino Real passes through the county and includes one mission in San Juan Bautista.

## History

Before the arrival of the first European settlers, the San Benito County area was inhabited by the Mutsun sub-group of the Ohlone Native Americans. In 1772 Father Juan Crespí conducted a brief expedition into the area and named a small river which he found in honor of San Benito de Nursia (Saint Benedict), the patron saint of monasticism. The county was later named after the San Benito Valley, the valley surrounding this river. Thus it was from the Spanish version of the saint's name that the county eventually took its name.
In 1797 Spanish missionaries founded the first European settlement in the county as the San Juan Bautista mission. In 1848 the United States government gained control over what would soon become the state of California, which included the area now known as San Benito county. The town of New Idria was the next town to develop in the area and was founded ca. 1857. New Idria was centered around the New Idria Mercury Mine. When the mine played out fairly recently in 1972, New Idria was abandoned, and the town is now one of California's many ghost-towns.
The town of Hollister was next founded on November 19, 1868, by William Welles Hollister on the grounds of the former Mexican land-grant Rancho San Justo. In 1874 the California legislature formed San Benito County from a section of Monterey County while naming Hollister as the new county seat. Sections of Merced and Fresno Counties were also later reassigned to San Benito County in 1887 as a result of the growth of the New Idria community. Other towns in the county which were founded early in the county's history include Tres Pinos and Paicines.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,390 square miles (3,600 km$^2$), of which 1,388 square miles (3,595 km$^2$) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$^2$) is water (0.1%).
Sharing a border with Santa Clara County, San Benito County lies adjacent to the San Francisco Bay Area and is sometimes considered a part of that region. Frequently, the county is associated with the Monterey Bay Area through governmental organizations such as the Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments as well as the Pajaro River, which flows from northern San Benito County into the Monterey Bay. The United States Census Bureau includes the county in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara MSA and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland CSA, which the Census uses as a statistical definition of the San Francisco Bay Area.
The county also borders Merced County and Fresno County on the east, which extend into California's San Joaquin Valley. It borders Santa Cruz County on the west and Monterey County on the southwest border.
The county is also the location of the Mount Harlan and San Benito American Viticultural Areas. The latter contains the Cienega Valley, Lime Kiln Valley, and Paicines AVAs.

### Flora

Due to the varied topography, diverse geology, and varied climate from near-coastal to inland, San Benito County contains a high diversity of vegetation types. Common vegetation types include annual grasslands, coastal scrub, chaparral, and oak woodland.
In the extreme southeastern portion of San Benito County at Panoche Valley, Panoche Hills, Tumey Hills, and Vallecitos, the climate is arid and part of the recently recognized San Joaquin Desert biome. The flora there includes saltbush scrub, San Joaquin Desert scrub, and California juniper woodland. Panoche Hills navarretia (Navarretia panochensis) is nearly endemic to this small portion of the San Joaquin Desert in San Benito County.
At the highest elevations of San Benito County at Fremont Peak and San Benito Mountain, the average annual precipitation is high enough and the average annual temperature is cool enough to support mixed conifer forest. At San Benito Mountain, the high elevation climate and extreme geology of the New Idria serpentine, supports a unique mixed-conifer forest that includes foothill pine, Coulter pine, Jeffrey pine, and incense cedar. The extreme conditions of the serpentine soils of the New Idria serpentine mass support many rare local endemic plant species including San Benito evening primrose (Camissonia benitensis), rayless layia (Layia discoidea), Guirado's goldenrod (Solidago guiradonis), and San Benito fritillary (Fritillaria viridea).
The plant species Benitoa occidentalis was named for San Benito County. Camissonia benitensis, Monardella antonina subsp. benitensis, and Arctostaphylos benitoensis were named in recognition of their being endemic or near-endemic to San Benito County. The species Hollisteria lanata was named after William Welles Hollister, namesake of the city of Hollister.

### Fauna

Illacme plenipes, a millipede having more legs than any other millipede species, was discovered in the county in 1926.
A California condor was found shot to death in the county on July 22, 2022, leading to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service posting a $5,000 reward for information on the killer.

### National protected area

* Pinnacles National Park

## Demographics
### 2020 census

San Benito County, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 24,513 | 21,154 | 19,785 | 46.05% | 38.27% | 30.81% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 475 | 355 | 479 | 0.89% | 0.64% | 0.75% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 279 | 231 | 221 | 0.52% | 0.42% | 0.34% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 1,173 | 1,298 | 2,189 | 2.20% | 2.35% | 3.41% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 68 | 65 | 127 | 0.13% | 0.12% | 0.20% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 53 | 67 | 332 | 0.10% | 0.12% | 0.52% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 1,157 | 913 | 1,835 | 2.17% | 1.65% | 2.86% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 25,516 | 31,186 | 39,241 | 47.93% | 56.43% | 61.11% |
| Total | 53,234 | 55,269 | 64,209 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |

### 2011

Population, race, and income :
| Total population | 54,873 | 54,873 |
| White | 41,820 | 76.2% |
| Black or African American | 728 | 1.3% |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 693 | 1.3% |
| Asian | 1,336 | 2.4% |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0.0% |
| Some other race | 7,903 | 14.4% |
| Two or more races | 2,393 | 4.4% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 30,497 | 55.6% |
| Per capita income | $26,300 | $26,300 |
| Median household income | $65,570 | $65,570 |
| Median family income | $73,150 | $73,150 |

#### Places by population, race, and income
### 2010

The 2010 United States census reported that San Benito County had a population of 55,269. The racial makeup of San Benito County was 35,181 (63.7%) White, 483 (0.9%) African American, 895 (1.6%) Native American, 1,443 (2.6%) Asian, 94 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 14,471 (26.2%) from other races, and 2,702 (4.9%) from two or more races. There were 31,186 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (56.4%).
Population reported at 2010 United States census :
| The County | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| San Benito County | 55,269 | 35,181 | 483 | 895 | 1443 | 94 | 14,471 | 2,702 | 31,186 |
| Incorporated cities | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Hollister | 34,928 | 20,761 | 341 | 617 | 929 | 63 | 10,437 | 1,780 | 22,965 |
| San Juan Bautista | 1,862 | 1,125 | 12 | 58 | 52 | 2 | 494 | 119 | 907 |
| Census-designated places | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| Aromas ‡ | 1,292 | 961 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 207 | 85 | 413 |
| Ridgemark | 3,016 | 2,520 | 23 | 14 | 105 | 3 | 248 | 103 | 623 |
| Tres Pinos | 476 | 390 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 57 | 12 | 112 |
| Other unincorporated areas | Total Population | White | African American | Native American | Asian | Pacific Islander | other races | two or more races | Hispanic or Latino (of any race) |
| All others not CDPs (combined) | 13,695 | 9,424 | 95 | 185 | 337 | 23 | 3,028 | 603 | 6,166 |
| ‡ Note: these numbers reflect only the portion of this CDP in San Benito County ||||||||||

### 2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 53,234 people, 15,885 households, and 12,898 families residing in the county. The population density was 38 people per square mile (15 people/km$^2$). There were 16,499 housing units at an average density of 12 units per square mile (4.6 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county in 2010 was 38.3% non-Hispanic White, 0.6% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 56.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 7.6% were of German, 6.3% Irish and 5.4% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. 62.8% spoke only English at home, while 35.3% spoke Spanish. As of the 2010 census, San Benito County was the only county in the greater San Francisco Bay Area with a Hispanic majority.
There were 15,885 households, out of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.8% were non-families. 14.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.32 and the average family size was 3.64.
In the county 32.2% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.6 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $57,469, and the median income for a family was $60,665. Males had a median income of $44,158 versus $29,524 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,932. About 6.7% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and policing

County government is overseen by a five-member elected Board of Supervisors, who serve four-year terms of office. Other elected county leaders include:
* Assessor
* Clerk-Auditor-Recorder
* District Attorney
* Sheriff-Coroner
* Treasurer-Tax Collector-Public Administrator
San Benito County had the last elected Marshal in California until 2010 when the office closed. Shasta and Trinity Counties still have appointed Marshals.

### State and federal representation

In the United States House of Representatives, San Benito County is part of California's 18th congressional district, represented by Democrat Zoe Lofgren.
In the California State Legislature, San Benito County is in the 17th Senate District, represented by Democrat John Laird, and in the 29th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Robert Rivas.

### Policing

Eric S. Taylor is the 16th elected Sheriff-Coroner-Marshal of San Benito County. He was appointed on June 25, 2021, and was elected in June 2022. His term began on January 2, 2023. The San Benito County Sheriff provides law enforcement services, search and rescue, court security, marshal services, correctional facility operations and coroner service for the entire county. It provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county. Hollister (the County Seat) has a municipal police department. The Sheriff is contracted to provide law enforcement service to the incorporated City of San Juan Bautista.

## Politics

San Benito is a Democratic-leaning county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Republican to win a majority in the county was George H. W. Bush in 1988. San Benito is also considered a bellwether county for California in presidential elections; since 1904 the only candidates to carry the state without winning this county have been Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 and Harry S. Truman in 1948. The county's bellwether status goes beyond presidential politics to ballot initiatives and statewide candidates, as its election results mirror those of the state as a whole, as it straddles the major political fault lines of the state. Before 1904, however, it was a solidly Democratic county whilst the state leaned Republican, voting Democratic in every election from its creation in 1876 up to and including 1900, although California only voted Democratic in 1880 and 1892.
United States presidential election results for San Benito County, California :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 11,702 | 42.32% | 15,179 | 54.89% | 771 | 2.79% |
| 2020 | 10,590 | 36.73% | 17,628 | 61.14% | 612 | 2.12% |
| 2016 | 7,841 | 35.44% | 12,521 | 56.60% | 1,760 | 7.96% |
| 2012 | 7,343 | 38.48% | 11,276 | 59.10% | 462 | 2.42% |
| 2008 | 7,425 | 37.52% | 11,917 | 60.22% | 446 | 2.25% |
| 2004 | 8,698 | 46.45% | 9,851 | 52.61% | 176 | 0.94% |
| 2000 | 7,015 | 41.68% | 9,131 | 54.25% | 685 | 4.07% |
| 1996 | 5,384 | 38.72% | 7,030 | 50.55% | 1,492 | 10.73% |
| 1992 | 4,112 | 32.28% | 5,354 | 42.03% | 3,273 | 25.69% |
| 1988 | 5,578 | 54.11% | 4,559 | 44.23% | 171 | 1.66% |
| 1984 | 5,695 | 60.71% | 3,554 | 37.89% | 131 | 1.40% |
| 1980 | 4,054 | 53.33% | 2,749 | 36.16% | 799 | 10.51% |
| 1976 | 3,398 | 50.87% | 3,122 | 46.74% | 160 | 2.40% |
| 1972 | 3,961 | 57.56% | 2,582 | 37.52% | 338 | 4.91% |
| 1968 | 2,961 | 47.54% | 2,809 | 45.10% | 459 | 7.37% |
| 1964 | 2,444 | 39.19% | 3,779 | 60.59% | 14 | 0.22% |
| 1960 | 3,056 | 51.40% | 2,876 | 48.38% | 13 | 0.22% |
| 1956 | 3,252 | 59.53% | 2,201 | 40.29% | 10 | 0.18% |
| 1952 | 3,733 | 65.23% | 1,968 | 34.39% | 22 | 0.38% |
| 1948 | 2,775 | 55.64% | 2,096 | 42.03% | 116 | 2.33% |
| 1944 | 2,253 | 52.80% | 1,998 | 46.82% | 16 | 0.37% |
| 1940 | 2,407 | 49.29% | 2,441 | 49.99% | 35 | 0.72% |
| 1936 | 1,515 | 36.58% | 2,565 | 61.93% | 62 | 1.50% |
| 1932 | 1,269 | 33.89% | 2,283 | 60.98% | 192 | 5.13% |
| 1928 | 1,971 | 58.87% | 1,366 | 40.80% | 11 | 0.33% |
| 1924 | 1,443 | 53.54% | 361 | 13.40% | 891 | 33.06% |
| 1920 | 1,965 | 65.00% | 900 | 29.77% | 158 | 5.23% |
| 1916 | 1,440 | 44.19% | 1,688 | 51.80% | 131 | 4.02% |
| 1912 | 13 | 0.51% | 1,253 | 48.70% | 1,307 | 50.80% |
| 1908 | 937 | 53.57% | 684 | 39.11% | 128 | 7.32% |
| 1904 | 888 | 54.51% | 645 | 39.59% | 96 | 5.89% |
| 1900 | 724 | 46.71% | 786 | 50.71% | 40 | 2.58% |
| 1896 | 729 | 42.48% | 956 | 55.71% | 31 | 1.81% |
| 1892 | 616 | 36.97% | 759 | 45.56% | 291 | 17.47% |
As of May 2010, the California Secretary of State reports that San Benito County has 34,562 eligible voters. Of those 24,736 (71.57%) are registered voters. Of those, 11,959 (48.35%) are registered Democratic, 7,477 (30.23%) are registered Republican, 565 (2.28%)are registered American Independent, and 116 (0.47%) are Green Party. The two incorporated municipalities of Hollister and San Juan Bautista have Democratic majorities on their voter rolls, whereas the unincorporated areas of San Benito County have a small Republican plurality in voter registration.

### Voter registration

Population and registered voters :
| Total population | 54,873 | 54,873 |
| Registered voters | 26,694 | 48.6% |
| Democratic | 12,643 | 47.4% |
| Republican | 7,847 | 29.4% |
| Democratic–Republican spread | +4,796 | +18.0% |
| Independent | 679 | 2.5% |
| Green | 144 | 0.5% |
| Libertarian | 143 | 0.5% |
| Peace and Freedom | 73 | 0.3% |
| Americans Elect | 1 | 0.0% |
| Other | 46 | 0.2% |
| No party preference | 5,118 | 19.2% |

#### Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration :
| City | Population | Registered voters | Democratic | Republican | D–R spread | Other | No party preference |
| Hollister | 34,733 | 43.8% | 53.6% | 23.2% | +30.4% | 6.3% | 19.4% |
| San Juan Bautista | 1,619 | 59.8% | 50.8% | 23.0% | +27.8% | 9.8% | 20.4% |

## Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.
Population and crime rates :
| Population | 54,873 | 54,873 |
| Violent crime | 246 | 4.48 |
| Homicide | 0 | 0.00 |
| Forcible rape | 9 | 0.16 |
| Robbery | 54 | 0.98 |
| Aggravated assault | 183 | 3.33 |
| Property crime | 748 | 13.63 |
| Burglary | 445 | 8.11 |
| Larceny-theft | 535 | 9.75 |
| Motor vehicle theft | 129 | 2.35 |
| Arson | 8 | 0.15 |

### Cities by population and crime ratable

Cities by population and crime rates :
| City | Population | Violent crimes | Violent crime rate per 1,000 persons | Property crimes | Property crime rate per 1,000 persons |
| Hollister | 35,766 | 162 | 4.53 | 724 | 20.24 |

## Economy

The economy is statistically included in metro San Jose, though the dominant activity is agriculture. Agritourism is growing as the county has destination wineries, organic farms and quaint inns with views of cattle grazing. With concerns about how oil and gas operations could impact this sector of the economy and agriculture in general, the county voters approved a measure in 2014 that bans well stimulation techniques such as fracking, acidizing and steam injection, along with conventional drilling in some areas. In the 1950s, the oil drilling industry had many wells and the county is over the Monterey Shale formation but there is very little activity now.

### Top employers

According to the San Benito County Economic Development Corporation of San Benito County, the top employers in the county are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
| 1 | Earthbound Farm | 1,000+ |
| 2 | R&R Labor | 500–999 |
| 3 | Hazel Hawkins Memorial Hospital | 250–499 |
| 4 | Mcelectronics Inc. | 250–499 |
| 5 | San Benito High School | 250–499 |
| 6 | True Leaf Farms | 250–499 |
| 7 | Corbin Sparrow | 100–249 |
| 8 | Denise & Filice Packing Co | 100–249 |
| 9 | Nob Hill Foods | 100–249 |
| 10 | San Benito Foods | 100–249 |
| 11 | San Benito County Sheriff | 100–249 |
| 12 | Target | 100–249 |
| 13 | Trical Inc. | 100–249 |
| 14 | West Marine | 100–249 |

## Media

San Benito County receives media in Monterey County, including the major Monterey County TV and radio stations.
The county also has several media outlets that serve the local community:

### Television

CMAP TV - Community Media Access Partnership, based in Gilroy, operates Channels 17, 18, 19 & 20 on Charter/Spectrum Cable as well as streaming online, offering public access and educational programming to Gilroy and San Benito County as well as offering live civic meetings, including county government.

### Radio

* KMPG, at 1520 AM daytime, plays regional Mexican music;
* KQKE, at 97.5 FM, "The Quake" San Benito County Community Radio provides a low power signal.
* KHRI, at 90.7 FM, is an affiliate of Air 1 playing contemporary Christian music;
* KXSM, at 93.1 FM, broadcasts a regional Mexican format.
* K206BQ, at 89.1 FM, rebroadcasts KLVM.
* K265DG, at 100.9 FM, rebroadcasts KPRC-FM.

### Print

* The Hollister Free Lance, founded in 1873, is published weekly on Thursdays. The Freelance is now owned by New SV Media, Inc.and its main office is in Gilroy. New SV Media owns Good Times, Metro Silicon Valley, Pajaroan, Gilroy Dispatch, SantaCruz.com, King City Rustler and California Wheelin'.
* Mission Village Voice is a monthly paper based in San Juan Bautista. It is oriented toward arts, culture and community-wide events.

### Online

* BenitoLink is a nonprofit news website covering San Benito County, run by local and regional residents.
* San Benito Live is a local news website, primarily focused on culture-related media.

## Transportation
### Major highways

* U.S. Route 101 to San Francisco
* State Route 25
* State Route 129 to Santa Cruz
* State Route 146
* State Route 156

### Public transportation

San Benito County Express provides fixed route service in the city of Hollister, and intercity service in the northern portion of the county. Service operates as far north as Gilroy, in Santa Clara County.

### Airports

Hollister Municipal Airport is a general aviation airport located just north of Hollister.

## Communities
### Cities

* Hollister (county seat)
* San Juan Bautista

### Census-designated places

* Aromas
* Ridgemark
* Tres Pinos

### Unincorporated communities

* Bitterwater
* Dunneville
* Hudner
* Paicines
* Panoche
* River Oaks
* San Benito
* Tres Pinos

### Ghost town

* New Idria

### Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of San Benito County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Municipal type | Population (2010 Census) |
| 1 | † Hollister | City | 34,928 |
| 2 | Ridgemark | CDP | 3,016 |
| 3 | Aromas (partially in Monterey County) | CDP | 2,650 |
| 4 | San Juan Bautista | City | 1,862 |
| 5 | Tres Pinos | CDP | 476 |