OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# S. Natesan

Subaiya Natesan (Tamil: சுப்பையா நடேசன்; also known as Subbaiya Nadesapillai; 21 May 1895 – 15 January 1965) was a Ceylonese politician, Member of State Council, Member of Parliament and senator.

## Early life and family

Natesan was born on 21 May 1895. He was the son of Subaiyapillai from Thanjavur, India.
Natesan married Sivagamasundari, daughter of P. Ramanathan, a leading Ceylon Tamil statesman.

## Career

Natesan moved to Ceylon after being invited by P. Ramanathan and in 1924 was appointed principal of Parameshwara College, Jaffna. He was also Ramanathan's private secretary.
Natesan stood as a candidate in Kankesanthurai at the 1934 state council by-elections. He won the election and entered State Council. He was re-elected at the 1936 state council election. He was one of the founding members of the United National Party (UNP) in 1946.
Natesan stood as the UNP's candidate in Kankesanthurai at the 1947 parliamentary elections but was defeated by the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC) candidate S. J. V. Chelvanayakam. However, he won the 1952 parliamentary elections and entered Parliament. He was appointed Minister of Posts and Information in the First Dudley Senanayake cabinet following the resignation of V. Nalliah. He retained his cabinet position, which was renamed Minister of Posts and Broadcasting, when the Kotelawala cabinet was formed in 1953. Natesan resigned from the government on 19 January 1956 and, like many Tamil UNP politicians, left the UNP over its support of the Sinhala Only policy. He stood for re-election in the constituency at the 1956 parliamentary election as an independent candidate but was defeated by the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (Federal Party) candidate S. J. V. Chelvanayakam.
Natesan later joined the ACTC, became its president and was appointed to the Senate of Ceylon. He was a member of the University College Council and Ceylon University Court. He was appointed to the National Education Commission in 1961. He was a Tamil scholar and historian - his works included The Northern Kingdom and Glimpses of the Early History of Jaffna. He was awarded an honorary D.Litt. degree by the University of Ceylon for his contribution to Tamil literature. He died on 15 January 1965.
# Colin Wellenkamp

Colin Wellenkamp is an American politician who was elected member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 105th district in 2024.
Wellenkamp has worked as an environmental scientist and is currently an adjunct professor at Saint Louis University and Washington University. Until his election he was the executive director of the Mississippi River Cities & Towns Initiative (MRCTI).
# BIDS

There are several elaborations for BIDS.
* Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies
* Boeing Integrated Defense Systems
* Microsoft's Business Intelligence Development Studio, a development environment for building business intelligence solutions
* The U.S.-Mexico Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project, a three-year infectious disease surveillance project undertaken by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Mexican Secretariat of Health.
* Brain Imaging Data Structure, a standard for organizing, annotating, and describing data collected during neuroimaging experiments.
# Balajnac (Merošina)

Balajnac is a village in Serbia in the municipality Merošina in Nisava district. According to the census of 1991, there were 1,249 inhabitants.

## Demographics

Balajnac has a population of 944 adult inhabitants, and the average age is 40.1 years (39.5 for men and 40.7 for women). The village has 302 households, and the average number of members per household is 4.09.
According to the 2002 census, the village is mainly inhabited by Serbs. Further, there was a decline in population in the last three censuses.
# Gopher State Railway Museum

The Gopher State Railway Museum (reporting mark GRMX) is a non-profit railroad museum in Minnesota that is dedicated to the preservation of railroading equipment.

## Equipment
### Current equipment

| Fleet No. | Mfr. | Model | Wheel arr. | Built | Status | Notes |
| Locomotives ||||||||
| NSP 4 | EMD | SW1 | B-B | May 1940 | Operational | |
| 717 | ALCO | S4M | B-B | May 1953 | Under ownership | |
| Passenger cars and head-end equipment ||||||||
| 4711 | Pullman | Passenger car | - | 1940 | - | |
| 4713 | Pullman | Passenger car | - | 1940 | - | |
| C-25 | ACF | Caboose | - | 1899 | - | DM&IR class "G" caboose. Rebuilt in 1910. |

### Former equipment

| Fleet No. | Mfr. | Model | Wheel arr. | Built | Status | Notes | Refs. |
| Locomotives ||||||||
| 7332 | EMD | GP9 | B-B | December 1956 | Sold | Sold to Vintage Locomotives Inc. (VLIX) | |
# Edwyn Owen

Edwyn Robert "Bob" Owen (June 8, 1936 – October 5, 2007) was an American star hockey player at Harvard and played on the 1960 U.S. hockey team that won an Olympic gold medal for the United States. He later battled schizophrenia.

## Ice hockey

Owen grew up in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, and attended Harvard University, where he was a defenseman on three Ivy League championship teams. In 1957, he won Harvard's Angier Trophy for the player who made the greatest improvement. He graduated from Harvard in 1958. At his induction into the Harvard Varsity Club Hall of Fame in 1982, he was described as a "hard-hitting player who could move an opponent from in front of the net."
He was on the 1960 Winter Olympics hockey team with several of his Harvard teammates, including Bill Cleary and Bob Cleary, winning the gold by beating Canada, the Soviets and Czechoslovakia. It was the nation’s first gold medal in men’s hockey.

## Mental breakdown

He visited Communist countries with the U.S. national hockey team in 1959 and worked on classified projects at a balloon company Raven Industries in Sioux Falls, South Dakota beginning in 1960. He later described these times to his friends as specifically troubling and paranoia-inducing.
Owen had a breakdown in 1963 in San Francisco. In the late 1960s, he moved to Topeka, Kansas where he committed himself to the Menninger Clinic for treatment for schizophrenia. He would be released from the in-patient facility three years later, but never moved more than four miles from the hospital.

## Community involvement

In 1973, he began teaching at Washburn University School of Business. Owen became a local hero in Topeka hockey, so much so that the adult hockey league in that city named its championship cup after him (the Owen Cup). He also helped to construct numerous veterans monuments in the Topeka area.

## Death

On October 5, 2007, a white Lincoln Continental was found burning in a field in Topeka, Kansas. A body was found inside, severely burned. A week later it was determined to be the remains of Edwyn Owen. The Kansas State Fire Marshall's Office determined that the car's heated catalytic converter set fire to the dense dry grass around the vehicle. Only later was Owen's increasingly bizarre behavior reported. He hung up abruptly on the phone with old friends, left rambling telephone messages, and claimed he was a character in a fictional children's book.

## Sources

* Carlson, James "Body ID'd as Olympian's" The Topeka Capital-Journal 9 Oct. 2007 A1
* Carlson, James "Part 1: The Bob Owen Story" "The Topeka Capital-Journal 2 July 2008 A1
* Carlson, James "Obsessed, Owen's Mind Falters" The Topeka Capital-Journal 3 July 2008 A1
* Carlson, James "Owen Looks for Help at Menninger" The Topeka Capital-Journal 4 July 2008 A1
* Carlson, James "Vets, Hockey Offer Owen an Outlet" The Topeka Capital-Journal 5 July 2008 A1
* Carlson, James "Owen's Life, Death, a Puzzle, an Enigma" The Topeka Capital-Journal 6 July 2008 A2
# African rail

The African rail (Rallus caerulescens), sometimes also Kaffir rail, is a small wetland bird of the rail family that is found in eastern and southern Africa.

## Taxonomy

The African rail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other rails in the genus Rallus and coined the binomial name Rallus caerulescens. Gmelin based his description on the "blue necked rail" from the Cape of Good Hope that had been described in 1785 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. The naturalist Joseph Banks had provided Latham with a water-colour drawing of the rail by Georg Forster who had accompanied James Cook on his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean. The picture was painted in 1773 at the Cape of Good Hope. It is now the holotype for the species and is held by the Natural History Museum in London. The specific epithet caerulescens is from Latin and means "bluish". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Description

Adults are 27–28 cm (11–11 in) long, and have mainly brown upperparts and blue-grey underparts, with black-and-white barring on the flanks and undertail. The sexes have similar plumage but the female is smaller. This is the only Rallus species with a plain back. The body is flattened laterally to allow easier passage through the reeds. They have long toes, a short tail and a long slim dull red bill. The legs are red. Immature birds are similar to the adults, but the blue-grey is replaced by buff.
They are noisy birds, with a trilled whistled treee-tee-tee-tee-tee call.

## Distribution and habitat

Its breeding habitat is marshes and reedbeds across eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. Many birds are permanent residents, but some undertake seasonal movements in response to the availability of wetland.

## Behaviour
### Breeding

The African rail nests in a dry location in marsh vegetation, both sexes building the cup nest. The typical clutch is 2–6 heavily spotted creamy-white eggs, which are incubated by both sexes for about 20 days to hatching. The precocial downy chicks are black, as with all rails.

### Food and feeding

These birds probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects, crabs and other small aquatic animals.
# Amy Arnold

Amy Arnold (born 6 October 1974) is a British novelist. Her debut novel won the Northern Book Prize. She has been shortlisted for the James Tait Black Memorial Prize and twice for the Goldsmiths Prize.

## Life

Arnold was born in Oxford in 1974. She has degrees in psychology and music and studied postgraduate neuropsychology at Birmingham University. She has worked as a lecturer and teacher and in other jobs including packing swedes. She lives in Cumbria.

## Writing career

Arnold's unpublished debut novel, Slip of a Fish, was awarded the inaugural Northern Book Prize in 2018. The prize was set up by Sheffield publisher And Other Stories for unpublished book-length fiction or literary non-fiction by northern English writers or with a strong northern English connection. Slip of a Fish was published by And Other Stories in the same year. Narrated in a stream of consciousness style by a vulnerable woman, Ash, it details her increasing withdrawal from reality. "Slip of a fish" is a phrase used by Ash to describe her daughter, Charlie, whom she takes swimming in a lake where swimming is prohibited. Stevie Davies, writing in The Guardian, described the novel as ambitious and remarkably original but noted that its ambiguity could leave the reader floundering. In 2019, it was shortlisted for the Goldsmiths Prize.
Arnold's second novel, Lori & Joe, was published in 2023. Again written in a stream-of-consciousness style, it follows Lori's thoughts after she finds husband Joe dead, revealing the history of their marriage as she takes a day-long walk in the hills. It gave Arnold her second shortlisting for the Goldsmiths Prize. It was also shortlisted for the 2024 James Tait Black Memorial Prize.

## Works

* 2018 Slip of a Fish. And Other Stories, UK. ISBN 9781911508526
* 2023 Lori & Joe. Prototype Publishing, UK. ISBN 9781913513399

## Awards

* (2018) Northern Book Prize (won)
* (2019) Goldsmiths Prize (shortlisted)
* (2023) Goldsmiths Prize (shortlisted)
* (2024) James Tait Black Memorial Prize (shortlisted)
# Mika Niemi

Mika Niemi (born 10 March 1988) is a Finnish retired ice hockey forward.
Niemi has formerly played with Ässät Pori and Oulun Kärpät of the Finnish Liiga. Following the 2017–18 season, his second with Jokerit, Niemi agreed to a one-year contract extension on 9 April 2018.
# 1966 North Dakota State Bison football team

The 1966 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1966 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their first year under head coach Ron Erhardt, the team compiled a 8–2 record and finished as NCC co-champion.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 10 | at Milwaukee* | | Shorewood StadiumShorewood, WI | W 46–6 | |
| September 17 | St. Thomas (MN)* | | Dacotah FieldFargo, ND | W 35–6 | |
| September 24 | Morningside | No. 1 | Dacotah FieldFargo, ND | W 28–14 | |
| October 1 | South Dakota State | No. 1 | Dacotah FieldFargo, ND (rivalry) | W 35–6 | |
| October 8 | Montana State* | No. 1 | Dacotah FieldFargo, ND | W 35–23 | 8,100–8,500 |
| October 15 | Augustana (SD) | No. 1 | Dacotah FieldFargo, ND | W 28–0 | 4,500 |
| October 22 | at No. 2 North Dakota | No. 1 | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND (Nickel Trophy) | W 18–15 | 14,275 |
| October 29 | at South Dakota | No. 1 | Inman FieldVermillion, SD | W 13–0 | 4,067 |
| November 5 | at No. 2 San Diego State* | No. 1 | Balboa StadiumSan Diego, CA | L 0–36 | 35,342 |
| November 12 | at State College of Iowa | No. 2 | O. R. Latham StadiumCedar Falls, IA | L 14–41 | 5,500 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Himayat Sagar

Himayat Sagar is an artificial lake about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Hyderabad in the Ranga Reddy district of Telangana, India. It lies parallel to a larger artificial lake called Osman Sagar. The storage capacity of the reservoir is 2.9 tmc ft.

## History

The construction of reservoirs on the Esi, a tributary of the Musi River, was completed in 1927, with the intention of providing a drinking water source for Hyderabad and protecting the city from floods, which Hyderabad suffered in 1908. It was built during the reign of the last Nizam of Hyderabad, Nizam VII and is named after his eldest son Himayat Ali Khan.
The Himayat Sagar dam and Osman Sagar reservoirs provided continuous water supply to the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad until recently. Due to population growth, they are not sufficient to meet the cities' water supply-demand.
The engineer at the time of construction was late Khaja Mohiuddin, son of Mohammed Hussein, Madri.
In 2022, the descendant of the royal family of the Nizam, Himayat Ali Mirza, has recently joined the movement to save Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar" as he believes that these reservoirs are iconic landmarks of Hyderabad and still act as a lifeline for lakhs of people of the old city. He also urged the then-CM of Telangana to withdraw the repeal of GO 111.
If GO 111 is repealed, Himayat feared that many parts of the city might be affected by floods even with small summer rains. Also, it would increase the illegal construction activities near the lake, ultimately increasing the threat of flooding.
# Hipparete

Hipparete (Greek: Ἱππαρέτη) was the daughter of Hipponicus III, a wealthy Athenian. She was married c. 424 BC or earlier to the prominent Athenian statesman and general Alcibiades.

## Life

According to Plutarch, who is however criticized for using "implausible or unreliable stories" in order to construct Alcibiades' portrait, Alcibiades "gave a box on the ear to Hipponicus, whose birth and wealth made him a person of great influence." This action received much disapproval, since it was "unprovoked by any passion of quarrel between them". To smooth the incident over, Alcibiades went to Hipponicus's house and, after stripping naked, "desired him to scourge and chastise him as he pleased". Hipponicus not only pardoned him but also bestowed upon him the hand of his daughter.
According to another version of the story, according to Plutarch, is that it was not Hipponicus, but Callias III, his son, who gave Hipparete to Alcibiades, with a dowry of ten talents. Then, "when she became a mother, Alcibiades exacted another ten talents besides, on the plea that this was the agreement, should children be born. And Callias was so afraid of the scheming of Alcibiades to get his wealth, that he made public proffer to the people of his property and house in case it should befall him to die without lineal heirs."
According to Plutarch, Hipparete loved her husband, but she once attempted to divorce him, because Alcibiades consorted with courtesans. According to Plutarch, on her appearing publicly to support her plea for divorce to the magistrate, as the law required, "Alcibiades came up and seized her and carried her off home with him through the market place, no man daring to oppose him or take her from him". She lived with him until her death and gave birth to probably two children, a daughter and a son, also named Alcibiades.
# 1968 Sam Houston State Bearkats football team

The 1968 Sam Houston State Bearkats football team represented Sam Houston State College (now known as Sam Houston State University) as a member of the Lone Star Conference (LSC) during the 1968 NAIA football season. Led by first-year head coach Tom Page, the Bearkats compiled an overall record of 5–4–1 with a mark of 3–3–1 in conference play, and finished fourth in the LSC. After he served as an assistant coach for the Bearkats for a decade, Page was promoted to head coach in December 1967 after Paul Pierce resigned to take a full-time faculty position.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 21 | | Southwestern State (OK)* | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | W 7–0 |
| September 28 | | Tarleton State* | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | W 28–7 |
| October 5 | | at Troy State* | Rip Hewes StadiumDothan, AL | L 19–37 |
| October 12 | | at Howard Payne | Brownwood, TX | T 14–14 |
| October 19 | | at McMurry | Shotwell StadiumAbilene, TX | L 7–10 |
| October 26 | | Southwest Texas State | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | L 15–31 |
| November 2 | | at Stephen F. Austin | Memorial StadiumNacogdoches, TX (rivalry) | W 30–28 |
| November 9 | | East Texas State | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | W 24–21 |
| November 16 | 7:30 p.m. | at No. 7 Texas A&I | Javelina StadiumKingsville, TX | L 21–54 |
| November 23 | | Sul Ross | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | W 41–6 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time ||||||
# 1968 South Carolina Gamecocks football team

The 1968 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. Led by third-year head coach Paul Dietzel, the Gamecocks compiled an overall record of 4–6 with a mark of 4–3 in conference play, placing fourth in the ACC. The team played home games at Carolina Stadium in Columbia, South Carolina.
The 1968 season remains the last in which South Carolina regularly wore helmets without a gamecock featured on them, instead featuring a garnet 'C'. The gamecock helmets had been worn in 1966 and 1967 and would be reinstated in 1969.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 21 | Duke | Carolina StadiumColumbia, SC | L 7–14 | 42,234 |
| September 28 | at North Carolina | Kenan Memorial StadiumChapel Hill, NC (rivalry) | W 32–27 | 28,000 |
| October 5 | No. 16 Georgia* | Carolina StadiumColumbia, SC (rivalry) | L 20–21 | 42,800 |
| October 12 | at NC State | Carter StadiumRaleigh, NC | L 12–36 | 33,400 |
| October 19 | at Maryland | Byrd StadiumCollege Park, MD | L 19–21 | 28,200 |
| October 26 | No. 20 Florida State* | Carolina StadiumColumbia, SC | L 28–35 | 42,038 |
| November 2 | at Virginia | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA | W 49–28 | 25,600 |
| November 9 | at Wake Forest | Groves StadiumWinston-Salem, NC | W 34–21 | 16,000 |
| November 16 | Virginia Tech* | Carolina StadiumColumbia, SC | L 6–17 | 40,137 |
| November 23 | at Clemson | Memorial StadiumClemson, SC (rivalry) | W 7–3 | 53,247 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# 1968 Trinity Tigers football team

The 1968 Trinity Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Trinity University in the Southland Conference during the 1968 NCAA College Division football season. In their second year under head coach Earl Gartman, the team compiled a 5–4 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 14 | | UNAM* | | E. M. Stevens FieldSan Antonio, TX | W 53–0 | 2,500 |
| September 21 | 7:30 p.m. | at Texas A&I* | | Javelina StadiumKingsville, TX | L 0–6 | 10,000 |
| September 28 | | Southwest Texas State* | | Alamo StadiumSan Antonio, TX | W 13–12 | 5,877 |
| October 5 | | at Texas Lutheran* | | Matador FieldSeguin, TX | W 41–21 | |
| October 19 | | at No. 10 Arkansas State | No. 16 | War Memorial StadiumLittle Rock, AR | L 14–31 | 18,500 |
| October 26 | | at No. 17т UT Arlington | | Memorial StadiumArlington, TX | L 14–27 | 7,200 |
| November 2 | | Southeastern Louisiana* | | Alamo StadiumSan Antonio, TX | L 3–7 | 2,379 |
| November 9 | | Lamar Tech | | Alamo StadiumSan Antonio, TX | W 24–20 | 1,527 |
| November 16 | | Abilene Christian | | Alamo StadiumSan Antonio, TX | W 13–7 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time ||||||||
# 1961 Telok Anson by-election

The Telok Anson by-election was a parliamentary by-election that was held on 30 May 1961 in the state of Perak, Malaysia. The Telok Anson seat fell vacant following the death of its MCA MP Woo Saik Hong, which won the seat in 1959 Malayan general election with a majority of 4,040 votes.
Former MCA Secretary general then turn Independent politician Too Joon Hing, won the by election, defeating Wah Keng Jooi of Alliance and another Independent candidate Abdul Rashid Nanek @ Mak Fie Hoong with a majority of 3,156 votes.

## Nomination

On nomination day, three candidates were confirmed. Alliance nominated MCA candidate, Wah Keng Jooi. Two Independent politician, former secretary general of MCA Too Joon Hing and former PPP leader Abdul Rashid Nanek @ Mak Fie Hoong completed the roundout. Joon Hing were supported by People's Progressive Party.
The real battle was between Mr Wah and Mr Toh which both were prominent Hainanese leader.
# The Corner Store and Office

The Corner Store and Office, also known as the Frogmore Emporium, Macdonald, Wilkins, and Company Store and Mark D. Batchelder Office, is a historic general store, residence and, eventually, office building located on Saint Helena Island near Frogmore, Beaufort County, South Carolina. Primarily built as a house, it was built about 1877, and is a two-story, wood-frame building with a gable roof. It features a two-story wraparound porch. The adjacent one-story house was built about 1905. The store sold provisions to the islanders, most of whom were African American, and became one of the major centers of commercial and social activity on St. Helena. The home and businesses in the building were owned by Cameron Thomas and his relatives for most of the 20th century. The family lived in the back and upstairs portion of the house, while the front included a general store and liquor store, with the small house added on used as a residence for relatives. The store also had the only gas pump on the island for many years.
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
# Gahkuch

Gahkuch (Urdu: گاہکوچ) is the main city of Ghizer District in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The city lies on the way to Ishkoman. Surrounded by mountains, it lies 72 kilometers northwest of Gilgit, the capital of the Gilgit-Baltistan region. Pakistan's 1998 census recorded the population of Gahkuch as 10,142.