OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bruce Bromley

Bruce Ditmas Bromley (March 20, 1893 – January 29, 1980) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Life

He was the son of Peter Brewster Bromley (1861–1926) and Sarah Suydam (Ditmas) Bromley (1857–1936). He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1914, and then entered Harvard Law School, but left to serve in the U. S. Navy during World War I. He left the Navy in 1919 as a lieutenant. He received his law degree from Harvard after the war, was admitted to the bar in 1920, and commenced practice in New York City as assistant to Henry L. Stimson. He later joined the law firm that is now known as Cravath, Swaine & Moore, and stayed with it for more than 50 years. While at Cravath, he won big cases for IBM, Westinghouse Electric, Bethlehem Steel, General Motors, Esquire magazine, and other corporate giants.
On January 14, 1949, he was appointed by Governor Thomas E. Dewey to the New York Court of Appeals, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas D. Thacher. In November 1949, he was defeated by Democrat Charles W. Froessel when running for a full term.
In 1969, he appeared for the U.S. House of Representatives in the U.S. Supreme Court case of Powell v. McCormack, in which Congressman Adam Clayton Powell Jr. questioned his exclusion from the House.
Bromley died at the New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center.
A law chair at Harvard Law School is named after him. Among Bruce Bromley Professors of Law were Arthur R. Miller and Paul M. Bator. The current holder is William Rubenstein.
# Kamran Hedayati

Kamran Hedayati (Persian: کامران هدایتی kâmrân hedâyati; 1 April 1949 in Iranian Kurdistan – 6 July 1996 in Stockholm, Sweden) was an Iranian Kurdish dissident who was assassinated in Sweden in the 1990s. In January 1994, Hedayati was seriously wounded after opening a letter bomb in his apartment in Bagarmossen, Stockholm, Sweden. He lost his hands and sight in the attack and died from his wounds two years later. The murder remains officially unsolved. However, the Iranian government is widely believed to have ordered the assassination, as it had many similarities with other assassinations and assassination attempts on eastern Kurdish dissidents around the world at this time. In 1990, a Kurdish woman named Effat Ghazi was killed in a similar attack through letter bombing in her apartment in Västerås.
# Aleksandr Deryomov

Aleksandr Leonidovich Deryomov (Russian: Александр Леонидович Дерёмов) (October 28, 1949 – 2004) was a Soviet football player. He was born in Rostov Oblast.

## International career

Deryomov played his only game for USSR on August 5, 1973, in a friendly against Sweden.
# Frenchtown School District

The Frenchtown School District is a community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade from Frenchtown, in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 104 students and 15.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 6.7:1.
The district participates in the Interdistrict Public School Choice Program, which allows non-resident students to attend school in the district at no cost to their parents, with tuition covered by the resident district. Available slots are announced annually by grade.
Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend the Delaware Valley Regional High School in Frenchtown, which serves students in western Hunterdon County from Alexandria, Holland and Kingwood Townships along with the boroughs of Frenchtown and Milford. As of the 2023–24 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 692 students and 61.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1.

## History

Prior to the completion of Delaware Valley Regional High School, which opened in September 1959, students from Frenchtown had attended Frenchtown High School, which held its final graduation ceremonies in June 1959. The school building had been built in 1925 to serve grades K-12, with the high school on the top floor. The school building was named for Edith Ort Thomas, who served as a teacher and board member for a half century.
In the 2016–17 school year, Frenchtown was tied for the 18th-smallest enrollment of any school district in the state, with 129 students.
The district had been classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

## School

Edith Ort Thomas Elementary School had an enrollment of 108 students in the 2021–22 school year.

## Administration

Core members of the school's administration are:
* James Hintenach, superintendent
* Teresa O'Brien, business administrator / board secretary

## Board of education

The district's board of education, comprised of seven members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district. In February 2012, elections were shifted from April to November.
# Sylvia Haymon

Sylvia Haymon (1918 – 1 December 1995) was a British writer of mystery fiction, autobiography, and other fiction and nonfiction. As an adult, she worked in public relations, broadcasting, journalism, and farming, and published nonfiction that included two childhood memoirs, a historical novel, biographies of Bonnie Prince Charlie and Monmouth, and a history of Norwich, her birthplace. Writing under the pseudonym S. T. Haymon, she became well known for her police procedural series featuring Detective Inspector Ben Jurnet. She won the Crime Writers Association Silver Dagger Award in 1983 for Ritual Murder.

## Critical reception

Writing in The St. James Guide to Crime and Mystery Writers, Carol M. Harper said, "The Detective Inspector Benjamin Jurnet series is one of the more literate, well written mystery series published, a series most highly recommended to those readers who like the British 'cozy' procedural."
Kirkus Reviews called Haymon's second memoir, The Quivering Tree, "great fun". It continues the childhood adventures described in her first memoir, Opposite the Cross Keys. Haymon, who depicts herself as an "unusually clever, frequently petulant, and thoroughly practical young girl". The work "evokes an era when secrets still existed and scandals were bursting to happen—and makes for slyly humorous, very British entertainment."
A Publishers Weekly review of A Beautiful Death praised Haymon's writing: "With her elegant style and talent for exposing the raw nerves of her characters in a few select words, she cuts right to the heart of her sleuth in this powerful story."
Haymon died in 1995. In 1996, the last book in her mystery series, Death of a Hero, was published. Kirkus said of it, "All the elements of the author's unique talent are at work here: offbeat characters probed to the bone; plotting that's bizarre but believable, and lyrical writing by turns introspective, pungent, or poetic. She will be missed."
# Naravas

Naravas (Old Libyan: Nrbs(h); Punic: 𐤍𐤓𐤅𐤈, NRWT) was a 3rd Century BCE Numidian chief who fought in the Mercenary War, he first joined the rebels, but changed sides in 239 BCE.

## Alliance with Hamilcar Barca

During the Mercenary War, Naravas had joined the army of Spendius. During a critical time, he switched his allegiance to Hamilcar Barca of Carthage.
In 239 BC, he arrived at Hamilcar's camp with 2,000 horsemen. This probably saved the Carthaginian army from destruction. His troops pushed back the mercenaries of Mathos, the Libyan chief, at the Battle of Bagradas River. After the battle, he took possession of the town of Utica.

## Family

Naravas married the third daughter of Hamilcar Barca, the sister of Hannibal. Her name is unknown, but Gustave Flaubert gave her the name Salammbo in his novel of that name.
# Zalun

Zalun (Burmese: ဇလွန်မြို့) is a town in Hinthada District in Ayeyawady Region in Myanmar and the principal town of Zalun Township. Zalun is located on the west bank of the Irrawaddy River and is subdivided into five wards. The main town area is in Norht Lammadaw ward and Nyaunbin Zay ward. Santan and South Lammadaw make up the other popualted wards with the last ward- Kanna Ward- stretching along the river primarily consisting of warehousing, commercial and industrial uses.
A well-known religious site in Zalun is the Pyitawpyan Pagoda [my] (Burmese: ပြည်တော်ပြန်ဘုရားကြီး), which houses a old Buddha image created by Sanda Thuriya of Dhanyawadi in Arakan. During the Konbaung dynasty's conquest of Arakan, the image was taken to the royal capital. During colonial times the image was looted, along with other religious and valuable artefacts and taken to Bombay, but was returned in 1859 to Burma, were the boat transporting it was lost after some flooding on the river. The image was being recovered near Zalun, on a sandbank and taken by locals to the pagoda, which was renamed Pyitawpyan meaning "return to the kingdom". Other important sites in Zalun include Buddha Andaw, and U Thila Stupa.
# Thinkabout (American TV series)

Thinkabout, "a cooperative project for acquiring skills essential to learning", is an instructional program for children, produced in 1979 by the Agency for Instructional Television, in association with various contributing television stations in the[United States and Canada. It was distributed to PBS and educational stations across the US and Canada as late as the mid-to-late 1980s. A sequel, Thinkabout II, followed.
The 60 programs produced were aimed for fifth and sixth grade students to understand their learning process in topics as varied as language arts, mathematics, study skills, as well as thinking skills.
Thinkabout was funded by various state and local agencies, including the Exxon Corporation, with additional support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, one of very few CPB-funded programs not distributed by PBS.

## Program listing

* 1. Why Bother?
* 2. Brainstorming
* 3. Blockbusting
* 4. You Can Remember
* 5. Estimating
* 6. Approximating
* 7. Using Estimating and Approximation
* 8. Find Your Guide
* 9. What's the Meaning?
* 10. Meaning is More Than Words
* 11. Remember the Audience!
* 12. But, What Does it Mean?
* 13. The Biggest Picture
* 14. Where are You Coming From?
* 15. Make a Present for the Future
* 16. What Do You Know?
* 17. Where Should I Go?
* 18. What Should I Know?
* 19. There are Ways to Remember
* 20. Classfying Objects
* 21. Classfying Information
* 22. People
* 23. There are Many Ways to Go
* 24. People Patterns
* 25. Communication Patterns
* 26. Cultural Patterns
* 27. Nature's Patterns
* 28. Search for the Unknown
* 29. Drawing Conclusions
* 30. Checking Conclusions
* 31. Practice for Success
* 32. One Step at a Time
* 33. Plan Ahead
* 34. Calm Your Jitters!
* 35. What are They?
* 36. Where Do You Get Them?
* 37. How Do You Change That?
* 38. Design a Language
* 39. Symbols
* 40. More Than You Think
* 41. Summarizing
* 42. Using Maps and Models
* 43. Get Ahead with Goals
* 44. Should I Believe?
* 45. What's Important?
* 46. What's Enough?
* 47. Point of View
* 48. Persuasive Techniques
* 49. Make a Deal with Yourself
* 50. Styles of Communication
* 51. Planning a Presentation
* 52. Making a Presentation
* 53. Making Your Point
* 54. Making it Come Alive
* 55. Making Something New
* 56. One Thing Leads to Another
* 57. A Matter of Time
* 58. There's Always a Risk
* 59. Hanging in There
* 60. Plan a City of the Future

## Trivia

* During the 1979-1980 school year, AIT partnered with Weekly Reader magazine, in which Weekly Reader included a special Thinkabout feature in their 4th and 5th grade editions.
* This series is unrelated to the 1980s BBC Two program of the same name, which was seen in the 1980s and 1990s; unlike the US series, the British series' focus was on science.
# Liga Intercalar

The Liga Intercalar or Reserves Championship was a competition that served mainly to rotate less used players, juniors and players returning from injury. The first edition (2007–2008) was organized by the Football Association of Porto, monitored by the LPFP and Portuguese Football Federation, and was played between clubs from the AF Porto and the AF Braga. By the second edition, the competition was played on a national level, participating clubs from the North and South Zones, which included the Big Three in Portuguese football: Benfica, Porto and Sporting. Due to scheduling conflicts between the AF Lisbon and the AF Porto, the competition was split into two leagues in 2010–2011 and altogether abolished by the end of that season.

## Regulations and Structure

Every match was played every Wednesday afternoon, much like the older Reserve Leagues. It was organized into two leagues with two groups, the North Zone and South Zone with a Winter and Spring phase. Both winner and runners-up from both phases of both groups competed in a regional play-off after which each regional champion played in the national final.
This tournament also brought innovations. With regard to the score of the draws:
* Won = 3 points
* Drawn with goals = 2 points
* Goalless draw = 1 point
* Lost = 0 points
In the replacement rules, three substitution were allowed to be made during the game, plus two at half-time.

## Champions

| Season | League | Status | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| 2007–08 | Liga Intercalar | North Zone | Varzim | 2–1 (aet) | Braga |
| 2008–09 | Liga Intercalar | National | FC Porto | 0–0 (aet, 6–5p) | Mafra |
| 2009–10 | Liga Intercalar | National | Estoril Praia | 2–1 | Paços de Ferreira |
| 2010–11 | Liga do Futuro | North Zone | Vitória de Guimarães | 2–1 | Ribeirão |
| 2010–11 | Liga Centenária | South Zone | Estoril Praia | 2–0 | Benfica |
# Ben C. Lim

Limb Ben C. (Korean: 임병직; October 26, 1893 – September 21, 1976) was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Korea and President Syngman Rhee's personal secretary.

## Biography

Lim worked as President Rhee's personal secretary in the United States. Rhee appointed Lim to fight for Korean independence.
As Rhee's secretary in the U.S. committee, he delivered Rhee's personal letter to the minister of the Japanese embassy, demanding that he grant him approval for Korea's independence. In 1941, when the Korean Committee in the U.S. was organized, he was elected as one of the executive committee members. After Korea's liberation, Rhee returned to Korea, but Im was appointed the president of the U.S. committee. Upon returning to Korea, he became the second South Korean foreign minister. He also worked as the Korean ambassador to the United Nations.

## Order of merit

In 1976, the South Korean government posthumously honored him with the Order of Merit for National Foundation for his outstanding service and contribution to the Korean independence movement.
# Hulas

Hulas, located in the Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India, is a late Indus Valley civilization archeological site.

## Historical significance

Hulas is one of the 70 odd sites belonging to Chalcolithic Culture Phase in Doab which are located mostly along the higher banks of tributaries of Yamuna, namely, Hindon River, Krishni, Kathanala and Maskara. Most of these settlements are small, the largest one measuring 200x200 m, and three of these sites are excavated (Hulas, Alamgirpur and Bargaon). Occupation of this late Harappan site goes back to 2000 BC and it seems it continued up to 1000 BC.

## Architecture

Rectangular mud structures with rammed floors, post-holes and hearths were identified in the earliest phase. In the Middle phase, clusters of two or three circular storage bin–type structures were found inside some of rectangular mud houses. Five round furnaces were found in some of the structures belonging to final phase.

## Artefacts found

Hand made and wheel made pottery with geometric or naturalistic designs painted in black, chert blades, bone points etc. Terrecotta inscribed sealing was also recovered from Hulas.

## Agricultural activity

Horse gram, Cow pea (which is of African origin), walnuts, oats, lintel, pea, chickpea, ragi, rice (both wild and cultivated variety) were grown at Hulas. Fruits of pipal tree (ficus religiosa) were also recovered from this site.
# Jacobo Amatong

Jacobo Sybico Amatong (October 11, 1936 – September 24, 1984) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, and newspaper publisher from the province of Zamboanga del Norte. He was best known for founding the Mindanao Observer, a community newspaper which became well known for criticizing the martial law administration of Ferdinand Marcos, and for being assassinated by uniformed soldiers on September 24, 1984.
Amatong is honored by having his name etched on the wall of remembrance at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors the heroes and martyrs who fought the authoritarian regime. In 2018, Amatong was also identified by the Human Rights Victims' Claims Board as a Motu Proprio human rights violations victim of the Martial Law Era.

## Life and career

Amatong was born on October 11, 1936, in Dipolog, Province of Zamboanga to Amando Borja Amatong and Felicidad Mabanag Sybico who were founders of Andres Bonifacio College, a well-regarded institution in the region.
He was married to Helen Cadavedo, a government accountant, and had two children together.
Amatong was serving as city councilor of Dipolog from 1970. He worked as an activist in many civic and community organizations, most notably as a member of the Western Mindanao Alliance of Sectoral Organizations-Nationalist Alliance for Justice, Freedom and Democracy (NAJFD). Amatong founded the Mindanao Observer which he served as editor and publisher.

## Assassination

The night of September 23, 1984, while walking on a street in Barangay Miputak, Amatong and his lawyer friend Zorro Aguilar were shot, leaving Aguilar dead and Amatong rushed to the hospital. He managed to survive for another eight hours before he died in the early morning of the next day, September 24.

## Legacy

* A street in Dipolog, from the corner of Quezon Avenue in Barangay Miputak to Dipolog Boulevard is named Amatong Street in his honor. It was later expanded eastward to Katipunan Street.
* On November 30, 1992, Amatong, alongside Zorro Aguilar and the other 63 martial law victims, were honored and enshrined in the Wall of Remembrance in the Bantayog ng mga Bayani in Quezon City, making up the first batch of martial law martyrs and heroes who were given honor for their respective contributions during the martial rule.
# Ituzaingó, Santa Fe

Ituzaingó is a town in the Las Colonias Department of Santa Fe Province, Argentina.
# James Udy

Reverend James Stuart Udy (30 September 1920 – 24 February 2003) was an Australian Uniting Church minister, Master of Wesley College, University of Sydney, author and President of the World Methodist Historical Society from 1977 until 1983.

## Early life and education

Jim Udy was a Methodist minister, and one of three brothers who became ministers of religion. Gloster Udy was his older brother, and Richard Udy was his younger brother. James attended Newington College (1930), North Sydney Boys High School, Maitland High School, University of Sydney and took a PhD at Boston University. James married Anne Benua after meeting on a European bike tour that he took and together they had six children.

## Military chaplain

Udy offered himself for service as a chaplain immediately after his ordination at Melbourne in January 1945. After his arrival on the island of Morotai with an engineer unit, he organised the construction of a chapel, which was dedicated on 25 July. Shortly afterwards, Udy was posted to 2/26 Supply Depot Company on the island of Labuan, where, after the Japanese surrender, another chapel (built to the same plans as the first) was constructed by 2/14 Works Unit. During this period, Chaplain Udy worked extensively with repatriated Prisoners of War, and with their Japanese former captors.

## Publications

* "Attitudes within the Protestant churches of the Occident towards the propagation of Christianity in the Orient: an historical survey to 1914" (PhD. Dissertation. Boston University, 1952) online copy
* Paul: A Conflux of Streams (Syd, 1956)
* Campus Marks of Christian Presence (Syd, 1968)
* Living Stones (Syd, 1974)
* Dig or Die (Syd, 1980)
* Christians and Churches in Socialist Countries (Syd, 1982)
* Church Union in Australia (Syd, 1983)
* A Pride of Lions (Syd, 1990)
* One More Challenge (Syd, 2001)
# Robert Gradwell

Robert Gradwell (26 January 1777 – 15 March 1833) was an English Catholic bishop, who served as rector of the English College in Rome. In 1828, he was appointed coadjutor to James Bramston, Vicar Apostolic of the London district.

## Life

Gradwell was born at Clifton-in-the Fylde, Lancashire, the third son of John and Margaret Gregson Gradwell. He went to the English College, Douai in 1791. The college being suppressed by the French revolutionists, he was confined for some time, and was not allowed to return to England till 1795. With most of the Douai refugees, he went to Crook Hall, Durham, where he was ordained priest in December 1802. He taught poetry and rhetoric for seven years at Crook Hall, and at Ushaw College. He left the college in July 1809 to go to Claughton, Wyre as assistant to the resident priest, who was in failing health. Gradwell succeeded him as missionary for the Chaughton District in February 1811 and remained there until September 1817.
About this time, Pope Pius VII decided to reopen the English College, Rome, and on John Lingard's recommendation, Gradwell was appointed rector (1818). Gradwell wrote a life of Lingard for the German edition of Lingard's History of England.
Under his administration the establishment flourished. He also acted as Roman agent for the English vicars Apostolic, exhibiting tact and diplomacy in this office. In 1821 the pope made him a doctor of divinity. In 1828 he was consecrated Bishop of Lydda, as coadjutor to James Bramston, the vicar Apostolic of the London district, and he came to London soon afterwards to take up his new duties. After some years of ill-health, he died of dropsy in London.

## Works

His writings include:
* "A dissertation of the Fable of Papal Antichrists" (London, 1816)
* "A Winter Evening Dialogue ... or, Thoughts on the Rule of Faith" (London, 1816)
Gradwell also wrote various journals, letters, and manuscripts in connexion with his residence in Rome. His notes on the old archives of the English College there are of historical interest. All of these documents are in the Westminster archdiocesan archives.