# Aussie salute

The Aussie salute, otherwise known as the Barcoo salute (named after the region around Barcoo River, Queensland), is the gesture commonly deployed all across Australia to deter bush flies (Musca vetustissima) from the human face.
The movement responds to the fly found in Australia, the bush fly. The Musca vetustissima is attracted to such fluids as saliva, tears and sweat, resulting in them often hovering around human faces. With measures such as cork hats popularized to help keep off the fly, the gesture can be spotted across the country, not just in regional areas. The gesture is so common in Australia, it can be commonly seen in media. Such illustrations of the gesture colloquially referred to as the "Aussie salute" include YouTube videos, national television, and online publications.

## Process

As illustrated in a YouTube video posted by John Walsh and then reposted by The University of Adelaide blog, Life in Adelaide News, the Aussie Salute is a quick movement using the arm and movement from the hand to wrist. Bent at the point of the elbow and straight from the wrist to the hand, the process of an Aussie Salute involves the arm being raised closer to the participant's face. Movement is then seen as the hand moves, fingers running parallel to the jaw, rotating the hand on the wrist joint across the face. The gesture is often repeated.
The movement is often repeated due to the agility of the bush fly. With their two sets of wings, they are able to react to the hand gesture quickly and return to their position around the said person's face. The fly is also able to use their compound eyes to anticipate the incoming hand, able to sense through the sudden presence of shade around them.

## Origins

The large population of the Australian bush fly and its taste for human moisture is what has seen the need for such a movement as the Aussie salute.
Australia has a large amount of bush flies (A.Milewski, 2016, p. 22), an animal that grows within other animals' faeces. Going by the colloquial name bush fly, the animal (Musca vetustissima) found in Australia is much more keen to place itself on the human face compared to its international counterparts. For example, the eye fly (Musca sorbens) found in Africa and Asia, lives primarily around agricultural animals.
Although cattle are now the main contemporary breeding ground the bush fly, it was in fact the emu was able to create the best breeding ground for the bush fly(Musca vetustissima) prior to English colonization of the land mass. While the faeces of both the human and the dog would have been adequate vessels for the bush fly, several factors point to the fact they were not the primary breeding ground for the fly. The human population was not dense enough, and the precolonial Australian dog (the dingo), had not been in the country long enough to establish themselves, having only been there for a few thousand years.
The large native Australian bird, the emu, has large wet faeces allowing for the 3–4 days incubation needed for fly larvae. The emu faeces is also highly suited for the fly as nutrient-rich to allow for the flies rapid growth. The emu faeces is also not too highly attractive for native Australian dung beetles, getting rid of a potential competitor for space. Emu faeces was not attractive to such species as the dung beetle due to its texture being hard to work with as a result of the emu's fast digestion rate. This fast digestion rate is allowed through the emu's lack of a large intestine or a large gizzard. The emu's faeces has a non-solid and rope like texture. This texture is due to the emu's diet including fruits, invertebrates, flowers and shoots. With a highly varied diet and lack of competition for space, emu faeces are great breeding ground for the Musca vetustissima.
The other factor that allowed for the native emu to facilitate the growth the bush fly (Musca vetustissima) larvae is their estimated pre-colonial population. Their previous population, before Australia was an English colony, is likely to have been higher than the population of humans.
The bush fly seeks out moisture produced on the skin of animals, and does not bite or seek blood like some other flies, such as horse flies and mosquitoes. It is particularly attracted to the moisture produced on a human's face; saliva, tears and sweat. Where the common housefly (Drosophila melanogaster) may have to vomit to digest their food, bush flies do not. The fly has been found to possibly carry bacteria such as E. coli and associated with the eye disease trachoma, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
When the weather gets hotter, the bush fly migrates south, following large crowds of people as they flock outside for the warm weather. The prevalence of the bush fly in Australia has resulted in the need for such a gesture as the Aussie salute.

## Illustrations in media

The gesture can be spotted across the country and across popular media. Such illustrations include:
* An online interview writer Tom Tebbutt held with Canadian tennis players at the Australian Open
* TEN Melbourne News story headlined, "The Great Aussie Salute: Victorians are not only suffering unusually hot weather but also an influx of flies"
* ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) online science story written by Genelle Weule with quotations from Maggie Hardy of the University of Queensland