OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adrian Michaels

Adrian Michaels (born 8 September 1969) is a British national and international newspaper journalist. In 2014 he founded the content marketing agency FirstWord Media Ltd.

## Education

Michaels attended University College School, Hampstead, London (1977–87), and Trinity College, Oxford (1987–90) where he studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

## Life and career

In 1993, he started a 15-year career at the Financial Times including nine years as a foreign correspondent in New York and Milan. While in New York, he (with colleague Peter Spiegel) won the "Business and Finance Reporter of the Year" in the British Press Awards for 2002. This was for his work on the downfall of accountancy firm Arthur Andersen and its role in the Enron scandal. He was also runner-up in the same year as Business Journalist of the Year at the London Press Club Awards.
Michaels occasionally provoked heated debate in Italy's media while in Milan for the Financial Times. In particular, a front cover FT magazine story he wrote in 2007 on the enduring and archaic use of the female form in Italian media and advertising, and linking that to a lack of female attainment in business and politics, created a media storm and was cited in calls for equality legislation in the Italian parliament.
After the Financial Times, Michaels became Group Foreign Editor at the Telegraph Media Group in 2008, and then, in 2011, Editorial Director, Commercial, a role on the advertising side of the Telegraph that sought to capitalize on the growth in demand from advertisers to reach their audiences via more detailed content and expert journalism.
Michaels left the Telegraph in 2014 and founded FirstWord, an agency that continues his work in content for non-media organisations. He has been a defender of the growing alignment of company marketing and journalism against criticism that it is endangering the independence of journalists.

## Personal life

Michaels' entry in Who's Who says he is married with two daughters. Adrian lists his hobbies as "golf, cheese”.
# Stephen Willis (musicologist)

Stephen Charles Willis (7 December 1946 – 11 September 1994) was a Canadian musicologist and archivist. A graduate of the University of Western Ontario and Columbia University, he taught on the faculty of the University of Ottawa from 1979 to 1985. He also served as head of the manuscript collection of the Music Division at the National Library of Canada (NLC) from 1977 to 1994. At the NLC he organized several notable exhibitions, including ones dedicated to composer Alexis Contant (1979), famous Canadian organists (1983), and bells through the ages (1986).
Born in Collingwood, Ontario, Willis was considered an authority on composer Luigi Cherubini, and notably penned the composer's entry in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. He also contributed several music-related articles to The Canadian Encyclopedia, National Library News and the Experimental Music Catalogue. He was also a frequent guest lecturer at universities and conferences on the topics of Cherubini, 19th century French opera, and the organization of music archives.
Willis died in 1994 in Ottawa, Ontario.
# Izyaslav-class destroyer

The Izyaslav class (Russian: Изяслав) were a class of destroyers built for the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. They were modified versions of the Orfey class built in Russia with the assistance of the French company Augustin Normand. These ships fought in World War I, the Russian Civil War, the Estonian War of Independence, and World War II.

## Design

The ships were an enlarged version of previous designs with a longer raised forecastle, and Frahm-type anti-rolling tanks. An extra 100-millimetre (4 in) gun was added and the number of torpedo tubes reduced.

## Ships

These ships were built by Bocker and Lange in Reval, Estonia. The ships were delayed due to ordering machinery from Switzerland which was embargoed on the outbreak of World War I. New machinery was ordered from Britain.
Construction data :
| Ship | Launched | Fate |
| Avtroil - renamed Lennuk - renamed Almirante Guise | 13 January 1915 | Captured by the British in 1918, given to the Estonian Navy and sold by the Estonians to Peru, in 1933, scrapped, 1954 |
| Izyaslav - renamed Karl Marx | 27 June 1915 | Sunk, 8 August 1941 |
| Prymyslav - renamed Kalinin | 9 August 1915 | Sunk, 28 August 1941 |
| Bryachislav | 1 October 1915 | Evacuated to Petrograd but scrapped incomplete, 1923 |
| Fedor Stratilat | 1915 | Evacuated to Petrograd but scrapped incomplete, 1923 |
# Barbara Thornton

Barbara Thornton (January 6, 1950 – November 8, 1998) was an American singer, musicologist, and groundbreaking performer of medieval music.
Thornton, described as “one of the most eminent medieval voices of our time”, was born in Summit, New Jersey and educated at Sarah Lawrence College, the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, and the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis. In 1977, she founded the ensemble Sequentia with Benjamin Bagby in Basel. They moved to Cologne that same year, where they lived and worked together for 21 years.
Sequentia has released many fine recordings, most of them on Deutsche Harmonia Mundi. In 1982, the group began to stage Hildegard of Bingen’s Ordo Virtutum, which proved so successful, both in concert and on record, that they undertook to record all of Hildegard's musical output—a project completed in 1998 for the celebration of the abbess's 900th birthday. The group has also performed music written in the 12th century from the musical centers Santiago de Compostela, Aquitaine, and Notre Dame.
Thornton died in Cologne on November 8, 1998, at the age of 48, after having suffered for a number of years from an inoperable brain tumour.

## Sources

* Anderson, Martin. 1998. Obituary: Barbara Thornton. ‘’Independent’’ (18 November).
* Neumann, Klaus L. 1999. "Barbara Thornton, 1950–98". Early Music 27, no. 1 (February): 169.
* Tick, Judith. 2001. "Women in Music, §I: Historiography". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
* Weber, Jerome F. 2001. "Harmonia Mundi". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
* Zahn, Robert von. 2001. "Cologne". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

### Footnotes

* 1 2 Neumann 1999.
* ↑ Anderson 1998; Neumann 1999; Zahn 2001.
* ↑ Weber 2001.
* ↑ Anderson 1998; Neumann 1999.
* This article about a United States singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rock Island Line (album)

Rock Island Line is an album by Johnny Cash on vinyl format, later released on CD, with a few train and fun songs included of which some were from different albums before.

## Track listing

* Rock Island Line-2:02
* Hey Porter-2:37
* Brakeman's Blues (incomplete)-1:28
* Train of Love-2:48
* Pick a Bale of Cotton-1:58
* Casey Jones-2:58
* The Legend of John Henry's Hammer-8:42
* Waiting for a Train-2:09
* Don't Make Me Go-3:01
* Time's a Wasting (with June Carter Cash)
* Hey, Porter!-1:59
* Wide Open Road-1:43

## Credits

* Johnny Cash-Guitar and Vocals
* Marshall Grant-Bass
* Luther Perkins-Guitar
* Sam Phillps-Producer

## Track information

* Tracks 1 and 2 (From With His Hot And Blue Guitar)
* Track 3 (From The Man In Black 1954–1958)
* Track 4 (From Sings The Songs That Made Him Famous)
* Track 5 (From The Very Best Of Johnny Cash)
* Track 6, 7 and 8 (From Blood, Sweat and Tears)
# Gheorghe Ciobanu

Gheorghe Ciobanu (February 4, 1909 — June 29, 1995) was a Romanian ethnomusicologist and Byzantine specialist. He published several important papers on early Romanian psalm music and Romanian folklore. The musicologist Viorel Cosma, wrote that Ciobanu's "studies of Romanian folklore did much to solve questions about popular modes and methods of versification, and contributed greatly to the history of folk collections and popular music." He was awarded the Romanian Composers' Union prize five times (1969, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1987), and was twice awarded the prize of the Romanian Academy (1957, 1978).

## Life and career

Born in Pădureni village, Ilfov County, Ciobanu was educated at the National University of Music Bucharest where he was a student from 1931 through 1938, and later 1943 through 1945. He later earned a doctorate from the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy in Cluj in 1972 with his dissertation written on Clejani musicians. From 1939 through 1952 he worked as a music teacher, and from 1949 through 1968 he worked as an assistant in research at the Bucharest Institute of Folklore. He finished his career as a senior lecturer in folklore at the Iaşi Conservatory.
Ciobanu died in Bucharest on June 29, 1995 at the age of 86.
# Ambassador Theatre

Ambassador Theatre, or close variants thereof, may refer to:

## United States

* Ambassador Theater (Baltimore, Maryland)
* Ambassador Theater (Washington, D.C.)
* Ambassador Theatre (New York City)
* Ambassador Theatre (St. Louis)

## Elsewhere

* Ambassador Theatre (Dublin), an events venue and former cinema in Ireland
* Ambassador Theatres, a cinema chain in Taiwan
* Ambassadors Theatre (London), a small West End theatre in England, known as the New Ambassadors Theatre from 1999 to 2007
* Ambassadors Theatre (Perth), a former cinema and theatre in Australia
# Crichel

Crichel is a civil parish in Dorset, England. It was formed on 1 April 2015 following the merger of Long Crichel and Moor Crichel parishes.
It is near the town of Blandford Forum. The 18th century Crichel House is a Grade I listed Classical Revival country house in the parish.
# Jeff Trepagnier

Jeffery Trepagnier (born July 11, 1979) is an American former professional basketball player.

## Early life

Trepagnier played basketball at Compton High School, in Compton, California.

## College career

Trepagnier played college basketball for the USC Trojans. He also took second place at the 2000 Pac-10 Championships for the second year in a row with a high jump of 7-foot-1, tying for the fifth-best jump in USC school history.

## Professional career

Trepagnier was a second round draft pick of the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2001 NBA draft. At 6'4", Trepagnier was considered by some scouts to be undersized for the NBA shooting guard position, his natural spot. Trepagnier only played in 31 total NBA career games (12 for the Cavaliers and 19 for the Denver Nuggets) and averaged 2.8 points and 1.4 rebounds per game in his career. His final NBA game was played on April 14, 2004, in a 67 - 93 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. In his final game, Trepagnier played for 7 minutes and recorded 1 assist, 1 rebound but no points.
He spent the 2004–05 season for Italian club Eldo Napoli. He signed with the Knights on June 25, 2006.
Trepagnier signed a contract with French club Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez in December 2007.
In 2009, Trepagnier was playing for the Iowa Energy of the NBA D-League.
In 2010, he joined Scaligera Verona of the Italian second league.
In 2011, he signed to play in Brazil.
He later joined the Los Angeles Slam of the ABA.

## Personal

Born in Los Angeles, Trepagnier is of African-American descent.
# Israel Isidor Elyashev

Israel Isidor Elyashev (Yiddish: ישראל איסידאָר עליאַשעװ, 1873–1924) was a Jewish neurologist and the first Yiddish literary critic. He introduced the world to the works of the great contemporary Yiddish classical writers: Sholem Rabinovich, better known as Sholem Aleichem, Mendele Mocher Sefarim, Isaac Leib Peretz and Nachum Sokolov; along with modern Hebrew writers including Chaim Nachman Bialik, and Sholem Asch, among several others.
Elyashev was originally from Kovno (modern-day Kaunas, Lithuania). In his youth, he studied with Rabbi Simcha Zissel Ziv at the Talmud Torah in Grobiņa, Latvia, but was eventually expelled from the school for his "heretical tendencies." He went on to attend a high school in Switzerland, and he then studied medicine and biology in Heidelberg and Berlin.
Elyashev's pen name was Bal-Makhshoves (Hebrew: בעל מחשבות), meaning "Master [of] Thoughts" or "The Thinker".
Elyashev is best known for his work as a literary critic, writing in Yiddish. He translated Theodor Herzl's Altneuland from German into Yiddish, upon Herzl's personal request. His Yiddish translation of Herzl's work is the language that by far- most of European Jewry had read of Herzl's calling for a Modern Jewish State.
His attitude to Jewish literature, Yiddish, and Hebrew is summed up by something that he wrote in 1918:
   [W]e have two languages and a dozen echoes from other foreign languages, but… we have only one literature. And therefore the reader who seeks to become acquainted with the currents of Jewish life, to comprehend the spirit of the Jewish individual and multitude and how they find expression in Jewish literature, that reader does not separate Hebrew writers from Yiddish ones. …All are representatives of our literature, all embody a piece of Jewish life in their writings; all of them are Jewish artists.
Elyashev was also politically active, as a forerunner of the Zionist Movement. He participated in the First Zionist Congress, held in Basel, Switzerland in August 1897, as a delegate from Germany .
# The Underground (TV series)

The Underground is a sketch comedy television series produced by and starring Damon Wayans. It aired on Showtime. Wayans describes the show as "In Living Color on steroids." The show features raunchy behavior and as Wayans states in his opening monologue, "We decided to test the limits."
The description of the show information is "The future of comedy is here in Damon Wayan's hilarious and uninhibited comedy sketch show where no topic or taboo goes unturned."

## Episodes

| No. in series | No. in season | Title | Original air date |
| 1 | 1 | TBA | September 14, 2006 (2006-09-14) |
| 2 | 2 | TBA | September 21, 2006 (2006-09-21) |
| 3 | 3 | TBA | September 28, 2006 (2006-09-28) |
| 4 | 4 | TBA | October 5, 2006 (2006-10-05) |
| 5 | 5 | TBA | October 12, 2006 (2006-10-12) |
| 6 | 6 | TBA | October 19, 2006 (2006-10-19) |
| 7 | 7 | TBA | October 26, 2006 (2006-10-26) |
| 8 | 8 | TBA | November 2, 2006 (2006-11-02) |
| 9 | 9 | TBA | November 9, 2006 (2006-11-09) |
| 10 | 10 | TBA | November 16, 2006 (2006-11-16) |
| 11 | 11 | TBA | Unaired |
# Olympus Stylus Epic

The Olympus Stylus Epic, also known as the μ[mju:]-II in other parts of the world, is a 35mm compact camera. Introduced in 1997, the Olympus Stylus Epic followed a long line of fixed focal length, budget priced, consumer level, point and shoot cameras from Olympus.
The Epic has a fixed 35mm f/2.8 lens, and can focus down to 35 centimetres (14 in). The camera is lightweight at 145 grams (5.1 oz) and splash proof.
The fixed lens on this camera is much faster than other Olympus point-and-shoots, many of which include zoom lenses. The zoom lens versions have much slower lenses (f/4.5 at the wide end), and in general, lower quality optics, compared to the fixed 35mm lens.
The "active three spot" automatic exposure system on this camera is quite sophisticated for a point and shoot. It can handle situations like focusing properly when photographing two people with a gap between them. Other cameras would focus on the center (infinity), and the subjects would end up out of focus. You can also set the flash to fire regardless of the level of ambient light to provide "fill flash" functionality.
The automatic exposure tends to favor more wide-open exposure. The lens center is sharp even when wide open, though the corners are soft. There is a fair amount of vignetting, wide open. Red eye can be a problem, with the flash so close to the lens. Red eye reduction is available, but this slows down the shot.
The camera moves the lens after the shutter is depressed, which results in a small (0.25 second) delay. The lens can be pre-focused but does not move into position until the shutter button is fully depressed. This behavior is standard in film point and shoot cameras.
It only has four DX-code reading contacts instead of the normal six, limiting the available ISO settings to complete stops, i.e., 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200.

## Flash modes

It has the following flash modes:
* Automatic
* Red eye reduction – this camera uses a series of low power pre-flashes rather than a separate bulb
* Flash off – This will cause the camera to automatically use a slower shutter speed necessitating the use of a tripod or similar
* Fill-in flash
* Night scene flash – This also uses a slow shutter speed and is incompatible with spot-metering mode
* Red eye reduction night scene flash
# Amarjit Singh Rana

Amarjit Singh Rana (born 3 February 1960 at Khusropur, Punjab) is a former field hockey player from India. He was part of the Indian hockey team which won the gold medal in hockey in the 1980 Summer Olympics at Moscow.
# Exchange matrix

In mathematics, especially linear algebra, the exchange matrices (also called the reversal matrix, backward identity, or standard involutory permutation) are special cases of permutation matrices, where the 1 elements reside on the antidiagonal and all other elements are zero. In other words, they are 'row-reversed' or 'column-reversed' versions of the identity matrix.
${\begin{aligned}J_{2}&={\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}}\\[4pt]J_{3}&={\begin{pmatrix}0&0&1\\0&1&0\\1&0&0\end{pmatrix}}\\&\quad \vdots \\[2pt]J_{n}&={\begin{pmatrix}0&0&\cdots &0&1\\0&0&\cdots &1&0\\\vdots &\vdots &\,_{_{\displaystyle \cdot }}\!\,^{_{_{\displaystyle \cdot }}}\!{\dot {\phantom {j}}}&\vdots &\vdots \\0&1&\cdots &0&0\\1&0&\cdots &0&0\end{pmatrix}}\end{aligned}}$

## Definition

If J is an n × n exchange matrix, then the elements of J are $J_{i,j}={\begin{cases}1,&i+j=n+1\\0,&i+j\neq n+1\\\end{cases}}$

## Properties

* Premultiplying a matrix by an exchange matrix flips vertically the positions of the former's rows, i.e.,${\begin{pmatrix}0&0&1\\0&1&0\\1&0&0\end{pmatrix}}{\begin{pmatrix}1&2&3\\4&5&6\\7&8&9\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}7&8&9\\4&5&6\\1&2&3\end{pmatrix}}.$
* Postmultiplying a matrix by an exchange matrix flips horizontally the positions of the former's columns, i.e.,${\begin{pmatrix}1&2&3\\4&5&6\\7&8&9\end{pmatrix}}{\begin{pmatrix}0&0&1\\0&1&0\\1&0&0\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}3&2&1\\6&5&4\\9&8&7\end{pmatrix}}.$
* Exchange matrices are symmetric; that is: $J_{n}^{\mathsf {T}}=J_{n}.$
* For any integer k: $J_{n}^{k}={\begin{cases}I&{\text{ if }}k{\text{ is even,}}\\[2pt]J_{n}&{\text{ if }}k{\text{ is odd.}}\end{cases}}$In particular, J$_n$ is an involutory matrix; that is, $J_{n}^{-1}=J_{n}.$
* The trace of J$_n$ is 1 if n is odd and 0 if n is even. In other words: $\operatorname {tr} (J_{n})={\frac {1-(-1)^{n}}{2}}=n{\bmod {2}}.$
* The determinant of J$_n$ is: $\det(J_{n})=(-1)^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }=(-1)^{\frac {n(n-1)}{2}}$ As a function of n, it has period 4, giving 1, 1, −1, −1 when n is congruent modulo 4 to 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
* The characteristic polynomial of J$_n$ is: $\det(\lambda I-J_{n})=(\lambda -1)^{\lceil n/2\rceil }(\lambda +1)^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }={\begin{cases}{\big(\lambda +1)(\lambda -1){\big ]}^{\frac {n}{2}}&{\text{ if }}n{\text{ is even,}}\\[4pt](\lambda -1)^{\frac {n+1}{2}}(\lambda +1)^{\frac {n-1}{2}}&{\text{ if }}n{\text{ is odd,}}\end{cases}}$
its eigenvalues are 1 (with multiplicity $\lceil n/2\rceil$) and -1 (with multiplicity $\lfloor n/2\rfloor$).
* The adjugate matrix of J$_n$ is: $\operatorname {adj} (J_{n})=\operatorname {sgn}(\pi _{n})J_{n}.$ (where sgn is the sign of the permutation π$_k$ of k elements).

## Relationships

* An exchange matrix is the simplest anti-diagonal matrix.
* Any matrix A satisfying the condition AJ = JA is said to be centrosymmetric.
* Any matrix A satisfying the condition AJ = JA$^T$ is said to be persymmetric.
* Symmetric matrices A that satisfy the condition AJ = JA are called bisymmetric matrices. Bisymmetric matrices are both centrosymmetric and persymmetric.
# Agnes Conrad (German politician)

Agnes Conrad is a German politician belonging to the the Left Party. In the 2025 German federal election, she was elected to the German Bundestag.
# Andrew MacLeish

Andrew MacLeish (June 26, 1838 – January 14, 1928) was a Scottish and American businessman.

## Life and career

MacLeish was born in Glasgow, Scotland, to Agnes (Lindsay of Clan Lindsay, born 1812) and Archibald MacLeish of Clan Macpherson (born 1810).
He received his education at the Glasgow Normal Academy, Hardy's English Academy and Flint's Commercial Academy. He worked in Glasgow and London in 1855 and 1856. That same year he immigrated to the United States, settling in Chicago. He spent six years as an employee of J. D. Sherman and J. G. Shay and was a member of J. B. Shay & Co. from 1864 to 1866. In 1867 he joined Carson, Pirie Scott & Co. and established the firm's retail department store. Along with John D. Rockefeller, MacLeish was a co-founder of the University of Chicago. He remained head of the store until his death in 1928.
MacLeish's great-grandson by his second wife is Bruce Dern (b. 1936), an American film actor, and his great-great-granddaughter is actress Laura Dern (b. 1967).
His third wife was Martha Hillard. They married on August 2, 1888 and had two daughters and three sons, including Norman Hillard MacLeish, married to Lenore Adale McCall. Their son, Archibald became Librarian of Congress. Another son, Kenneth, was an officer in the United States Navy during World War I. A Naval aviator, he received the Navy Cross posthumously for his combat actions.
MacLeish died in Glencoe.
Archibald MacLeish, in writing of his father, said: "My father came from a very old country in the north and far away, and he belonged to an old strange race, the race older than any other. He did not talk of his country but he sang bits of old songs with words that he said no one could understand anymore."
# Aviation/Century station

Aviation/Century station is an elevated light rail station on the C and K lines of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located alongside Aviation Boulevard above its intersection with Century Boulevard, located in the Westchester neighborhood of Los Angeles.
Construction on the station was completed with the rest of the initial line in late 2022, but its opening was delayed to November 3, 2024 due to construction on the LAX Automated People Mover and LAX/Metro Transit Center station. Aviation/Century is the youngest station in the Los Angeles Metro Rail system, and will remain so until the opening of LAX/Metro Transit Center, scheduled for 2025.
The Santa Fe's Century railroad bridge was demolished on July 25, 2014, to make way for the station.

## Service
### Hours and frequency

C Line service hours are approximately from 4:00 a.m. until 12:30 a.m. daily. Trains operate every 12 minutes throughout the day. Night and early morning weekend service is every 20 minutes.
K Line service hours are approximately from 4:30 a.m. until 12:00 a.m. daily. Trains operate every 12 minutes throughout most of the day. Trains run every 20 minutes after 8:00 p.m. every day and before 8:00 a.m. on weekends.

### Connections

As of January 12, 2024, the following connections are available:
* Beach Cities Transit: 109
* Big Blue Bus (Santa Monica): 3, Rapid 3
* LAX Shuttle: M (serves Los Angeles International Airport Terminals 1-8 and the Bradley International Terminal counterclockwise via the lower level of World Way)
* Los Angeles Metro Bus: 40 (late night only), 117, 120, 232, 857 ("C & K Line Link" between Westchester/Veterans and Aviation/LAX stations)
* Torrance Transit: 8

## Station artwork

The station incorporates artwork by the artist Sherin Guirguis, an Egyptian artist known for her work exploring cultural identity and lost feminist histories. The main component of the Aviation station art is a richly colored artwork for the platform and fence. Filled with countless beautiful yellow designs and patterns. The artwork reflects the diversity of the surrounding neighborhood and the rest of Los Angeles County, representing those who migrated to the area. The bright color of the piece makes it conspicuous for drivers passing underneath the station.