# Flipkart

Flipkart Private Limited is an Indian e-commerce company, headquartered in Bangalore, and incorporated in Singapore as a private limited company. The company initially focused on online book sales before expanding into other product categories such as consumer electronics, fashion, home essentials, groceries, and lifestyle products.
The service competes primarily with Amazon India and domestic rival Snapdeal. As of FY23, Flipkart held a 48% market share in the Indian e-commerce industry. Flipkart has a dominant position in the apparel segment, bolstered by its acquisition of Myntra, and was described as being "neck and neck" with Amazon in the sale of electronics and mobile phones.

## History
### 2007–2010: Start-up phase

Flipkart was founded in October 2007 in Bangalore by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal, alumni of the IIT Delhi and former Amazon employees. The company was started from a two-bedroom apartment in Koramangala, Bengaluru. The initial investment was provided by their families, which was INR 2 Lakh from each family. The website was kicked off in October 2007 and the company was only limited to selling books at that time country-wide shipping. Flipkart slowly grew in prominence and was receiving 100 orders per day by 2008. Flipkart acquired WeRead in 2010 from Lulu.com that helped it build its foundational strength which was the digital retail of books. This space was otherwise only shared by very limited number of players at that time in the market, such as Landmark and Infibeam. Flipkart used aggressive discounts and focused on customer service to move towards a leadership position in the market. WeRead consisted of a large network of readers (~3 million) with around 60 million books. The platform also noted information that was user generated – such as people marking a book as favorite or leaving a review or rating. WeRead, because of its utility to community and independent nature maintained its brand identity even after acquisition

### 2011–2014: Growth, mergers and acquisitions

In 2011, Flipkart acquired the digital distribution business Mime360.com and the digital content library of the Bollywood portal Chakpak. Following the acquisition, Flipkart launched its DRM-free Digital music store Flyte in 2012. Due to competition from free streaming sites, Flyte was unsuccessful and shut down in June 2013. Mime360 was a content distributor that used HTTP-based encryption technology that allows for fast and secure data delivery. It distributed music, media and games using its distribution platform.
With its eyes on India's retail market, Flipkart acquired Letsbuy, an online electronics retailer, in 2012, and Myntra, an online fashion retailer, for US$280 million in May 2014. Myntra continues to operate alongside Flipkart as a standalone subsidiary focusing on separate market segments.
In October 2014, Flipkart reprised the Big Billion Days event as a multi-day event exclusive to the Flipkart app. Flipkart bolstered its supply chain and introduced more fulfillment centers to meet customer demand. Flipkart achieved a gross merchandise volume of US$300 million during the event, with the largest volumes coming from fashion sales and the largest value coming from mobiles.
In 2014, Flipkart invested in Ngpay to strengthen the mobile payment services since there was an increased focus on mobile ecommerce; Flipkart reported that mobile ecommerce was contributing 50% of its sales. Investment in Ngpay was followed by Flipkart shutting Payzippy – the in-house payment gateway and merged it with Ngpay. The Ngpay mobile application could be used to buy services and products through the mobile phones.

### 2015–2018

In April 2015, Flipkart acquired Appiterate, a Delhi-based mobile marketing automation firm. Flipkart stated that it would use Appiterate's technology to enhance its mobile services. In December 2015, Flipkart purchased a stake of around 34% (at a deal of around $260 million) in the digital mapping provider MapmyIndia. The company also invested in the UPI mobile payments startup PhonePe same year. The two entities, PhonePe and Flipkart, separated as two different companies later.
In 2016, Flipkart acquired the online fashion retailer Jabong.com from Rocket Internet for US$70 million and in January 2017, Flipkart made a US$2 million investment in TinyStep, a parenting information startup.
In 2017, Flipkart sold 1.3 million phones in 20 hours on 21 September during its Big Billion Days promotion, doubling the number sold on the first day of the same event in 2016. Flipkart held a 51% share of all Indian smartphone shipments in 2017, overtaking Amazon India (33%).
In April 2017, eBay announced that it would sell its Indian subsidiary, eBay.in, to Flipkart and invest US$500 million in the company. While eBay suggested that the partnership would allow Flipkart to access eBay's network of international vendors, these plans never came to fruition. In July 2017, Flipkart made an offer to acquire its main domestic competitor, Snapdeal, for US$700 to 800 million. It was rejected by Snapdeal, which was seeking at least US$1 billion.
In August 2018, American retail chain Walmart acquired a 77% controlling stake in Flipkart for US$16 billion, valuing Flipkart at around US$20 billion. Flipkart is valued at $37.6 billion as of 2022.
In November 2018, Wal Mart increased the equity of Flipkart to 81.3%.
On 13 November 2018, Flipkart CEO Binny Bansal resigned after facing an allegation of "serious personal misconduct". Walmart stated that "while the investigation did not find evidence to corroborate the complainant's assertions against Binny, it did reveal other lapses in judgment, particularly a lack of transparency, related to how Binny responded to the situation."

### 2019–2022

In July 2019, Flipkart launched Samarth program that supported local artisans, weavers, and craftspersons that traditionally are only able to sell locally. The Samarth program supports with onboarding and helping them sell their products online beyond their local markets, and across the country. Apart from the onboarding, the program also helps with other processes of selling online such as cataloging, warehousing support etc.
Flipkart invested US$4 million in the customer engagement and rewards platform EasyRewardz - a business-to-business loyalty management platform on 19 November 2019. The platform supports the management of loyalty points among banks and brands.
In 2020, Flipkart launched Flipkart Wholesale, a novel online marketplace that provided a digital platform for kiranas and MSMEs. As a part of the same initiative around Flipkart Wholesale, Flipkart also acquired 100% stake in Walmart India Private Limited operating Best Price cash-and-carry business to further strengthen the wholesale capabilities.
In July 2020, Flipkart acquired a 27% stake in Arvind Fashions Limited's newly formed subsidiary Arvind Youth Brands for US$35 million. Arvind Youth Brands owns the Flying Machine brand. Flipkart also rolled out Flipkart Quick, a hyperlocal 90-minute delivery service for product categories such as groceries, home accessories, mobile phones, stationery, and more.
In October 2020, Flipkart acquired a 7.8% stake in Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail for US$204 million. The following month, Flipkart acquired the intellectual property of gaming startup Mech Mocha for an undisclosed amount. The acquisition formed part of Flipkart's plans to gain and retain users by offering casual games. In November 2020, Flipkart acquired augmented reality company Scapic, which provides a suite of tools to create and publish augmented reality, virtual reality, and 3D content quickly and without coding.
As of 2021, the Flipkart app was available in 8 local Indian languages, Gujarati, Bengali, Odia, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Marathi and Tamil.
In April 2021, Flipkart announced the acquisition of the travel booking portal Cleartrip. Flipkart also entered the hotel industry for the Indian and global markets. The Flipkart Hotels uses Cleartrip API. Flipkart acquired Cleartrip's business in Middle East by signing a definitive agreement with Wego - an online market place for travel that operates in middle east and North Africa. This included the sale of the website Flyin.com.
In July 2021, Flipkart launched its social commerce marketplace called Shopsy, which allowed individuals and small businesses to direct sell and resell products to customers via social media channels. In December 2021, Shopsy entered the grocery delivery segment in 700 cities across India. Shopsy surpasses 200 million app downloads on its 2nd anniversary in the month of July in 2023 with more than 60% of users hailing from tier-3 markets and other cities.
In 2022, when PhonePe (acquired by Flipkart in 2015) moved its entire base to India, Flipkart separated the ownership of PhonePe and shareholders in India and Singapore and the respective shareholders purchased shares of PhonePe's India entity directly. It was announced that a cash payout of approximately $700 million was to be made to the former and current employees who were holding PhonePe's shares.
In April 2022, Flipkart launched its first grocery fulfilment center in Northeast India, based in Guwahati. The centre was reportedly women-run to promote inclusion of women in the Flipkart's supply chain and to support the career progression of Flipkart's female employees. The same month, the company established the Flipkart Foundation to support entrepreneurship and skill development within the underserved communities in India.
In 2022, Flipkart entered the Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and Web3 segment by letting the Indian purchasers of Nothing Phone (1) to get Nothing's NFT through the app called Nothing Community Dots. These NFTs use the Polygon blockchain to host it. The NFT drop happened at FireDrops - which was done on Flipkart's NFT marketplace, supported by GuardianLink. In October 2022, Flipkart also created a shopping platform that was metaverse-based, called Flipverse. The platform allows people to explore products and shop in a more interactive way. The Flipverse has been created through a partnership with a Polygon-incubated firm called eDAO, and Flipverse hopes to provide a similar experience to the actual mall-like shopping where people would be able to create their Avatars.
The Walmart Foundation and Flipkart Foundation donated INR 2 crore for the flood relief work in Assam in 2022.

### 2023–present

The e-commerce also started a virtual storefront that is dedicated to the academic needs of students named 'Flipkart Student's Club'. The 'Flipkart Green' venture was created in 2023 for customers who want to have a sustainable lifestyle by providing certified sustainable products.
Binny Bansal resigned from the executive team on 28 January 2024, and over the past few months, he has completely divested his stake. In the last year, Binny, along with Excel and Tiger Global Management, sold their entire stake to Walmart, resulting in Binny earning around 1.5 billion dollars. Walmart had acquired a 77% stake in Flipkart for 16 billion dollars in May 2018.
In March 2024, Flipkart launched its UPI services, Flipkart UPI, in partnership with Axis Bank. In May 2024, it was reported that Google would invest US$350 million in the company.
In the space of Generative AI, Flipkart launched Flippi - an AI powered shopping assistant available in English that helps buyers make a shopping decision. Flipkart also launched Vibes - which integrates video content and online shopping - bringing a 'window-shopping' experience for the users. Both Flippi and Vibes are part of the enhanced 'Swipe Screen' experience initiative.
Gen Z accounts for more than 25 percent of Flipkart Fashion's customer base. Hence, in August 2023, Flipkart introduced an in-app fashion platform named Spoyl, targeted at Gen Z individuals. Spoyl features a unique unisex product navigation system that allows for gender-neutral browsing of styles.

## Walmart investment

On 4 May 2018, it was reported that multinational retail conglomerate Walmart had won a bidding war with Amazon to acquire a majority stake in Flipkart for US$15 billion. On 9 May 2018, Walmart officially announced its intent to acquire a 77% controlling stake in Flipkart for US$16 billion. Following the purchase, Flipkart co-founder Sachin Bansal left the company. The remaining management team reported to Marc Lore, CEO of Walmart eCommerce US. Walmart president Doug McMillon cited plans to help Flipkart with its sourcing and supply chain while tapping on its expertise to expand Walmart globally. Indian traders protested against the deal, considering it a threat to domestic business.
In a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on 11 May 2018, Walmart stated that a condition of the deal prescribed the possibility that Flipkart's current minority shareholders "may require Flipkart to effect an initial public offering following the fourth anniversary of the closing of the transactions at a valuation no less than that paid by Walmart".
Following the announcement of Walmart's deal, eBay announced that it would sell its stake in Flipkart back to the company for approximately US$1.1 billion and relaunch its Indian operations. The company stated that "there is a huge growth potential for e-commerce in India and significant opportunity for multiple players to succeed in India's diverse, domestic market." Softbank Group also sold its entire 20% stake to Walmart without disclosing the terms of the sale. Walmart's acquisition of a 77% stake in Flipkart was completed on 18 August 2018. Walmart also provided US$2 billion in equity funding to the company.
On 22 December 2023, Flipkart confirmed that US$600 million will be raised from Walmart out of its total fundraising plan of US$1 billion. The expected valuation of the deal will range from US$34 billion to US$37 billion. In 2022 after PhonePe's separation, Flipkart was last valued at around US$33 billion.

## Business structure

According to a report in November 2014, Flipkart operated with a complex business structure that included nine firms, some registered in Singapore and some in India. In 2022, Flipkart co-founders sold WS Retail to a consortium of investors led by Rajeev Kuchhal. Flipkart's Indian entities are owned by Flipkart Pvt. Ltd., which is registered in Singapore. The Singapore-registered entity owns eight Indian companies, including Flipkart Internet Pvt. Ltd, the company that runs the e-commerce marketplace Flipkart.com, Flipkart India Pvt. Ltd, the wholesale business, and Flipkart Logistics Pvt. Ltd, which runs Ekart (the internal logistics arm that can be used by other e-commerce players). Flipkart also started Flipkart Health+ (through an app) in 2021 which deals with providing medicines and health services through technology. This was started with the help of getting the majority share in Sastasundar Marketplace Limited - an existing company that already was providing online pharmacy services.
Notable companies in which Flipkart Group owns a controlling stake include:
| Name | Type | Since | Current stake |
| Myntra | Fashion | 2014 | 100% |
| Ekart | Logistics | 2015 | |
| Flipkart Wholesale | B2B cash and carry | 2020 | 100% |
| Cleartrip | Travel booking | 2021 | 80% |
| Shopsy | B2C e-commerce | 2021 | 100% |
| Flipkart Health+ | Healthcare | 2021 | 75.1% |
Flipkart has made 22 acquisitions and 27 investments, spending over US$415 million for the acquisitions. Flipkart has invested in multiple sectors such as e-commerce, consumer electronics, local services and more. In 2022, it also revised its policies for sellers in an attempt to make it more seller-friendly. This included simplifying the rate card and reducing fee for return costs. In 2022, Flipkart reportedly hosted 1.1 million sellers.

## Funding and Revenue

The initial development budget of Flipkart was ₹400,000 (US$4,600). It later raised funding from venture capital firms Accel India (receiving US$1 million in funding in 2009) and Tiger Global (US$10 million in 2010 and US$20 million in June 2011). On 24 August 2012, Flipkart announced the completion of its 4th round of funding, netting a total of US$150 million from MIH (part of the Naspers Group) and ICONIQ Capital. The company announced on 10 July 2013 that it had raised an additional US$200 million from existing investors, including Tiger Global, Naspers, Accel Partners and Iconiq Capital.
Flipkart's reported sales were ₹40 million (US$460,000) in the FY2008–09, ₹200 million (US$2.3 million) in the FY2009–10 and ₹750 million (US$8.6 million) in the FY2010–11.
Flipkart reported a loss of ₹2.81 billion (US$32 million) for the FY2012–13. In July 2013, Flipkart raised US$160 million from private equity investors.
In October 2013, it was reported that Flipkart had raised an additional US$160 million from new investors Dragoneer Investment Group, Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, Sofina SA, and Vulcan Inc., with a share of the funding coming from existing investor Tiger Global.
On 26 May 2014, Flipkart announced that it had raised US$210 million from Yuri Milner's DST Global and its existing investors Tiger Global, Naspers, and Iconiq Capital.
On 29 July 2014, Flipkart announced that it raised US$1 billion from Tiger Global, Accel Partners, Morgan Stanley Investment Management, and a new investor, Singaporean sovereign wealth fund GIC.
In December 2014, after it received US$700 million from another round of funding, Flipkart had a market cap of US$11 billion.
On 20 December 2014, Flipkart announced its filing application with Singapore-based company regulator ACRA to become a public company. This announcement came after the company received US$700 million in long-term strategic investments from more than 50 Indian investors. The US$700 million in funding raised by Flipkart added new investors to the company's board, including Baillie Gifford, Greenoaks Capital, Steadview Capital, T. Rowe Price Associates, and Qatar Investment Authority. Its existing investors DST Global, GIC, ICONIQ Capital and Tiger Global also participated in this financing round. As of May 2015, Flipkart had raised US$550 million in additional funding from its existing investors in a deal that raised its total valuation to US$15 billion.
By August 2015, after raising another US$700 million, Flipkart had raised a total of US$3 billion over 12 rounds of funding from 16 major investors. In April 2017, Flipkart underwent another round of funding, receiving US$1.4 billion in funding from investors including eBay, Microsoft, and Tencent. On 10 August 2017, SoftBank Vision Fund invested another US$2.5 billion in Flipkart.
On 19 September 2018, Flipkart Marketplace Singapore injected ₹3,463 crore into Flipkart Internet. The transaction was done in two tranches, according to regulatory filings.
In March 2021, it was reported that Flipkart was considering the possibility of going public through a merger with a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) to speed up its listing process in the United States.
In 2022, the organization started Flipkart Ventures and created a venture fund of $100 million to be invested in other 6 start-ups selected for Flipkart Leap Ahead, an accelerator program. Each start up will be given an equity investment of up to $500,000. Once the first cohort of Flipkart Leap was completed, the program was split in two distinct programs known as Flipkart Leap Ahead (FLA) and Flipkart Leap Innovation Network (FLIN).
The total revenue in 2022 was that of ₹43,357 crore was reported for the past fiscal year of 2020–2021. This was 25% more than its revenue in the fiscal year of 2020. The losses were reported to have reduced by 23% to ₹2,445 crore with total expenses of ₹45,801.
In May 2024, Google invested almost $350 million into Flipkart.

## Regulatory action and lawsuits

In November 2012, the Indian Enforcement Directorate began investigating Flipkart for alleged violations of the foreign direct investment regulations of the Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999. On 30 November 2012, Flipkart's offices were raided by the Enforcement Directorate. Documents and computer hard drives were seized by the agency. In August 2014, the Enforcement Directorate claimed that it had found Flipkart to be in violation of the Foreign Exchange Management Act. The Delhi High Court declared that several e-commerce firms, including Flipkart, had violated foreign investment regulations.
In January 2016, a public interest litigation hearing took place over Flipkart's alleged contravention of foreign investment norms. The court asked the Reserve Bank of India to provide the latest circular on foreign investment policy. The same month, the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) clarified that it did not recognise the marketplace model of online retail. In February 2016, Health Minister J. P. Nadda announced that the Maharashtra FDA had taken action against Flipkart, among others, for selling drugs without a valid license.

## Consumer affairs

In 2022, a group of scammers was arrested by the police in Lucknow who used the platform to scam the customers. The scam included replacing the online ordered Apple products with bricks to cheat customers and company. Such scams have also been reported in the past where soaps were delivered instead of IPhone on Flipkart and also on Amazon.

## Flipkart Video

Flipkart launched an in-app streaming service called Flipkart Video in August 2019, so as to compete with industry rivals like Amazon who were also offering premium video options. The initial line up of content was curated from the service providers like Viu, Voot and TVF.

### Flipkart Video Originals

To strengthen its content offering on Flipkart Video, Flipkart forayed into original content production, known as Flipkart Video Originals. The first show was launched on 19 October 2019. Named Back Benchers, it was a Bollywood celebrity quiz show hosted by Farah Khan.

## Criticism

On 13 September 2014, a Flipkart deliveryman allegedly molested a housemaid in Hyderabad. The housemaid's employer sued Flipkart for this incident, citing the need for regulations to make offline delivery services safer.
In 2014, competitors such as Future Group (owner of retail chain Big Bazaar at that time) filed complaints with India's Ministry of Commerce and Industry, alleging that Flipkart's Big Billion Days discounts undercut prices in a manner predatory to other retailers. The ministry stated that it would look into the complaints.
In April 2015, Flipkart faced criticism for being a launch partner in the Airtel Zero program. Critics alleged that the zero-rating scheme violated the principles of net neutrality. Flipkart later pulled out of the project.
In 2015, around 400 delivery executives working with eKart, the logistics arm of Flipkart, went on strike to protest poor working conditions. Complaints included seven-day workweeks, extended hours, and a lack of clean toilets and medical assistance for bike riders involved in accidents. In 2016, delivery executive Nanjunda Swamy was allegedly murdered by a customer who did not have enough money to pay for a product. In response, Flipkart launched a safety initiative -'Project Nanjunda', named after the deceased executive. This included an SOS button in the mobile app (called the Nanjunda button) that could be used by field executives in case of emergencies.
Vendors on Flipkart have faced several challenges while doing business on the company's marketplace, to the extent that some of them have quit the portal. Some of these challenges include Flipkart's alleged unfair policies towards sellers, the lack of a competent logistics service, and customer returns that are a result of consumer fraud.

## Awards and recognition

* Sachin Bansal was awarded Entrepreneur of the Year, 2012–13 from The Economic Times, a leading Indian economic daily newspaper.
* In September 2015, the two founders entered Forbes India's richest Indian by year, debuting in the 86th position with a net worth of US$1.3 billion each.
* In April 2016, Sachin and Binny Bansal were named to Time magazine's annual list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.
* Flipkart was reported to be at the top in the annual Fairwork India Ratings 2021 - which is a 10-point system that creates a score based on fair pay, conditions, contracts, management, and representation. A total of 11 platforms were evaluated by a consortium of the Centre for IT and Public Policy (CITAPP), International IIIT Bangalore and the global Fairwork network. The methodology included qualitative interviews with 19-20 workers in Delhi and Bangalore.