# Sindhuli District

Sindhuli District (Nepali: सिन्धुली जिल्लाListen), a part of the Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, a landlocked country located in South Asia. The district, with Sindhulimadhi Kamalamai as its headquarters, covers an area of 2,491 km$^2$ (962 sq mi). As per the 2011 census, Sindhuli District has a population of 296,192.
According to the local structure, there are 9 municipalities in Sindhuli district. There are 2 municipalities and 7 rural municipalities. These are: 1 Kamalamai Municipality 2. Dudhauli Municipality 3. Sunkoshi rural municipality 4. Galanjor rural municipality 5. Ghanlek rural municipality 6. Marine rural municipality 7. Hariharapurgadhi rural municipality 8. Tinpatan rural municipality 9. Fikkal rural municipality.
Map of Sindhuli District

## Etymology

i) Before being annexed as an integral part of Nepal, it was under the governance of Makwani king. Raghab Narendra Sen, who was the King of Makwanpur in 1530 and known as the Sindhuli, established the settlement of the region and thus it was named after him.
ii) At ancient time the great saint used to dwell in the hill (1077 m above sea level) of nowadays Sindhuli madi. He was popular as Siddha Baba (one who got enlightened) among residents of Sindhuli district. This place got its naming under his name and began to be called as Siddhasthali सिद्धस्थाली (place where enlighten lives). With time it got deviated and began to be pronounced as Sindhuli.
iii) An indigenous group (Tamangs) were predominant in this region. These indigenous people call Singthuwa (सिङ्थुवा) for cutting down tree and Sinthuji (सिङ्थुजी) for collecting timber. Due to the presence of intense forest within this region, the herding of goats was popular and way of living was dependent on agriculture and forest resources. Over time due to gradual deviation in the naming the region got its name - Sindhuli.
iv) Hinduism began from this place called Sindhuli.

## History

The location has a huge historic significance. The Sindhuli Gadhi in Sindhuli is the place where British soldiers were defeated for the first time in Asia in 1767 A.D. The army under the leadership of Captain Kinloch came to help the then ruler of Kathmandu - Jai Prakash Malla against the attack of Prithvi Narayan Shah. The Gorkhali soldiers were familiar with the terrain and used it to their advantage. Despite being outmatched by the British Army's advanced weaponry, the Gurkhas fought bravely and ultimately defeated the British. The British retreated, leaving behind their weapons. In addition to being a historically significant place, it is known for its scenery and natural resources. However, in recent years, due to a lack of maintenance, the district mainly preserves remnants of the past.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Sindhuli District had a population of 296,192.
As their first language, 48.1% spoke Nepali, 26.2% Tamang, 10.8% Magar, 5.8% Danuwar, 2.3% Newari, 1.6% Maithili, 1.6% Majhi, 1.6% Sunuwar, 0.5% Rai, 0.3% Vayu, 0.3% Wambule, 0.2% Thangmi, 0.1% Bhojpuri, 0.1% Gurung and 0.1% other languages.
Ethnicity/caste: 27.0% were Tamang, 14.8% Magar, 13.6% Chhetri, 7.8% Hill Brahmin, 6.3% Newar, 5.9% Danuwar, 4.6% Kami, 3.6% Sarki, 3.5% Majhi, 3.1% Damai/Dholi, 2.7% Sunuwar, 1.5% Gharti/Bhujel, 1.0% Rai, 0.6% Hayu, 0.6% Musahar, 0.6% Thakuri, 0.5% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.3% Pahari, 0.3% Sudhi, 0.3% Thami, 0.2% Terai Brahmin, 0.2% Gurung, 0.1% Bhote, 0.1% Kalwar, 0.1% Sonar, 0.1% Teli and 0.2% others.
Religion: 64.5% were Hindu, 30.4% Buddhist, 3.3% Prakriti, 1.0% Christian, 0.3% Kirati, 0.1% Muslim and 0.4% others.
Literacy: 60.1% could read and write, 3.2% could only read and 36.6% could neither read nor write.

## Administration

The district consists of 9 Municipalities, out of which two are urban municipalities and seven are rural municipalities. These are as follows:
* Kamalamai Municipality
* Dudhauli Municipality
* Sunkoshi Rural Municipality
* Hariharpurgadhi Rural Municipality
* Tinpatan Rural Municipality
* Marin Rural Municipality
* Golanjor Rural Municipality
* Phikkal Rural Municipality
* Ghyanglekh Rural Municipality
13 post offices are functioning in the district which comes under the Sindhuli D.P.O. with 45900 as its postal code.

### Former Village Development Committees

Prior to the restructuring of the district, Sindhuli District consisted of the following municipalities and Village development committees:
* Amale
* Arun Thakur
* Bahuntilpung
* Balajor
* Basheshwor
* Bastipur
* Belghari
* Bhadrakali
* Bhiman
* Bhimeshwar
* Bhimsthan
* Bhuwaneshwar Gwaltar
* Bitijor Bagaincha
* Chure
* Dandiguranse
* Dudbhanjyang
* Hariharpur Gadhi
* Hatpate
* Harsahi
* Jalkanya
* Jarayotar
* Jhangajholi Ratmata
* Jinakhu
* Kakur Thakur
* Kalpabrishykha
* Kapilakot
* Khang Sang
* Kholagaun
* Kusheshwar Dumja
* Kyaneshwar
* Ladabhir
* Lampantar
* Mahadevdada
* Mahadevsthan
* Mahendrajhayadi
* Majhuwa
* Netrakali
* Nipane
* Purano Jhangajholi
* Ranibas
* Ranichuri
* Ratamata
* Ratnachura
* Ratnawati
* Shanteshwari
* Siddheshwari
* Sirthauli
* Sitalpati
* Solpathana
* Sumnam Pokhari
* Tamajor
* Tandi
* Tinkanya
* Tosramkhola
* Tribhuvan Ambote

## Education

Sindhuli district especially Kamalamai Municipality has a good facility of education up to SEE levels. The quality of +2 levels too is fine here. Many private colleges run +2 commerce affiliated to NEB. However, the number of +2 science colleges are very few. Science college like Kamala Higher Secondary School is providing good practical based education to students of Sindhuli. This college has been serving as the central of excellence for all science students throughout Sindhuli valley. There are also colleges to teach technical educations. The technical subjects affiliated with CTEVT; mainly Civil Overseer i.e. Sub Engineer, too are taught here. The district offers higher education in technical fields like B.Sc.ag (AFU) and B.Tech. IT (KU) . There is also a secondary school for deaf children, where instruction is provided entirely through Nepali Sign Language, including free accommodation.

## Higher Education

There are many colleges which facilitate higher education. There are a large number of colleges running courses with affiliation to universities of Nepal. Colleges like Sindhuli Multiple Campus fall under this category. Kamala Science Campus enables students to acquire Bachelor of Science courses (BSc.).

### Colleges

* Kamala Science Campus
* Sindhuli Multiple College
* Siddha Jyoti Siksha College
* Gaumati Multiple College
* Bhim Jyoti Campus
* Marin Multiple College
* Saraswati Campus Dakaha
Lampantar multiple campus

### Schools

* Shree Navajyoti Deaf Secondary School, Jasedamar
* Lampantar English Boarding School, Chakmake Bazar, Sindhuli
* Sindhuli Academy
* New English Boarding School
* Kamala Higher Secondary School
* Siddhasthali English Boarding Secondary School
* Shree Jana Jyoti Higher Secondary School
* Bainkateshwor Higher Secondary School
* Gaumati Higher Secondary School
* Barun Devi Higher Secondary School
* Shree Deurali Lower Secondary School
* Shree Bhabishya Nirmata Siddhabba Higher Secondary School
* Kalimati Nimna Secondary School
* Siddhababa English Boarding School
* Scholars Academy
* New Star Academy
* Suryodaya Secondary English Boarding School
* Janata Higher secondary English Boarding School
* Shree Sindhuli Gadhi Public English School
* Sindhuli Vidhyashram Public Educational Trust
* Swiss Sindhuli Secondary English Medium School
* Aadhunik English Boarding School
* Shree prabhat higher secondary school
* Shree Jana Jagriti HSS Bhiman
* Shining Moon Academy
* Shree Saraswati Secondary School Dakaha
* Kamala Academic School-Bhiman
* Shree Kundeshwor Higher Secondary School-Besare Besi
* Shree Marin Academy Boarding School
* shree secondary school kartike-kapilakot
* Shree Kusheshwor Vidhya Peeth Secondary School Sunkoshi-1 Dumja Sindhuli
Ma.Vi.Lampantar Tinpatan 11 Lampiantar Sindhuli

## Technical Colleges

* College of Natural Resource Management- Marin
* Sindhuli Community Technical Institute (SCTI)
* Janjyoti secondary school
* Saraswati Secondary School Dakaha

## Geography and climate

| Climate Zone | Elevation Range | % of Area |
| Lower Tropical | below 300 meters (1,000 ft) | 13.7% |
| Upper Tropical | 300 to 1,000 meters 1,000 to 3,300 ft. | 61.7% |
| Subtropical | 1,000 to 2,000 meters 3,300 to 6,600 ft. | 23.6% |
| Temperate | 2,000 to 3,000 meters 6,400 to 9,800 ft. | 0.5% |