OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Edwards (jockey)

George Edwards (1805–1851) was a British classic winning jockey in the 1830s.
Edwards was the son of trainer James "Tiny" Edwards, and brother of jockeys Edward and Harry. He was a strong jockey, and used this physicality to win races, though he was not as skilled a rider as his brother Harry Edwards.
Early success came in the 1825 Goodwood Cup aboard Cricketer and the same year's Goodwood Stakes on Stumps, before his first classic win in the 1830 Oaks on Variation. His greatest success came in the 1837 Derby on Phosphorus, who, because he had been lame prior to the race, started a 40/1 outsider. Edwards also won the 1839 1,000 Guineas on Cara, emulating his brother Edward's success from the previous year.
After retiring from riding, stud manager to the Duke of Orleans Count Cambis appointed him to train the Duke's horses. At a Goodwood stable sale, he bought a horse called Beggarman for £500 and trained him up for the Duke to win the 1840 Goodwood Cup. This partnership partly began to break the dominance of Lord Seymour over the big French stakes races. Further success as a trainer seemed assured, until the Duke was thrown from his carriage and killed. Edwards was immediately evicted and despite being given the occasional ride by General Peel, his career never recovered.
George Edwards died impoverished in a Newmarket workhouse in 1851.

## Major wins

Great Britain
* 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Cara (1839)
* Epsom Derby – Phosphorus (1837)
* Epsom Oaks – Variation (1830)
# Rhymes Through Times

Rhymes Through Times is an American animated musical series created by Lasette Canady, featuring music performed by Christopher Jackson, and animation by Lion Forge. The series first premiered on the Noggin app and on the Nick Jr. Youtube channel. Music from the series was released as an album across music streaming platforms.
The series debuted on February 15, 2021, and is currently in its first season with 7 episodes already released. Each episode of Rhymes Through Times celebrates Black culture by highlighting the stories and experiences of Black historical figures. Set as a stage play, beloved Nick Jr. characters (Bubble Guppies, Blaze and the Monster Machines, Nella the Princess Knight, and Butterbean's Café) dress up to portray iconic figures such as Amanda Gorman, Ruby Bridges, Thurgood Marshall, Katherine Johnson, Alvin Ailey, Aretha Franklin, and more.

## Reception

The 7-episode social good series was reviewed by Dr. Beverly Tatum, an advisor in anti-bias education. It was given 4 out of 5 stars by Common Sense Media. And In 2021 Rhymes Through Times received a Cynopsis Model D award for Best New Web Series. In 2022 it was nominated for a Kidscreen Award for Best Web/App Series. And on November 1, 2022 it was announced that Rhymes Through Times was nominated for an Emmy award for outstanding short-form program, in the first-ever Children's and Family Emmys.

## Songs and episodes

| No. | Title | Description | Release Date |
| 1 | Hero | A song about American activist, Ruby Bridges and Supreme Court Justice, Thurgood Marshall | February 15, 2021 |
| 2 | My Best | A song about mathematician Katherine Johnson and astronaut, Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. | February 24, 2021 |
| 3 | Why We Dance | A song about American dancers, Katherine Dunham and Alvin Ailey | March 5, 2021 |
| 4 | Sing our Song | A song about American singer, Aretha Franklin | June 16, 2022 |
| 5 | Power in a Word | A song about American poet, Amanda Gorman | June 22, 2022 |
| 6 | Confidence | A song about American baseball player, Satchel Paige | June 25, 2022 |
| 7 | Creativity | A song about American inventor, Lewis Latimer | July 1, 2022 |

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Result |
| 2021 | Cynopsis Model D Awards | Best New Web Series | Winner |
| 2021 | Kidscreen Awards | Best Web/App Series | Nominated |
| 2022 | Children's & Family Emmy Awards | Outstanding Short-Form Program | Nominated |
# Thumal the Qahraman

Thumal the Qahraman (Arabic: ثمل القهرمانة) (died 929) was a Muslim woman appointed in 918 as a judge in a maẓālim (secular administrative) court during the reign of Caliph al-Muqtadir (r. 908–932). She was not a Qadi (a judge adjudicating Islamic law), for she only dealt with secular law. She was put in charge of rescripting the petitions which petitioners brought to the court. Her position was an extraordinary unique for her sex. She was appointed by Umm Jafar Muqtadir, the mother to caliph Jafar al-Muqtadir-billah (r. 908–923), the eighteenth Abbasid caliph.

## Life

Thumal was originally the qahramāna-assistant of Shaghab, mother of Caliph al-Muqtadir.
When Shaghab secured the succession of her son to the throne, she de facto seized power and appointed a parallel bureaucracy to handle state affairs. Shaghab stated that the affairs of the ummah, especially justice, was better administered with a woman in charge. In 918 she appointed Thumal in charge of mazalim, in effect minister of justice or chief administrator of justice, and supervisor of the qadis. The qadis opposed to be supervised by a woman, but was forced to accept the appointment.
According to the historian Tabari, Thumal carried out her duties well enough to achieve popularity among the public in her office, especially because of reforms which lowered the cost for a plaintiff to initiate a case. However, her appointment was described in Muslim history, among others by Ibn Hazm, as one example of a series of "scandals whose equal has not been seen to this day".
# Asyraf

Asyraf is a Malay given name. It is derived from the Arabic root “sharafa” (شرف), meaning “noble,” “honorable,” or “most distinguished.”
Notable people with this given name include:
* Amar Asyraf (born 1986), South Korean-born Malaysian actor
* Amirul Asyraf Suhaidi (born 1994), Malaysian football player
* Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki (born 1976), Malaysian politician
* Famirul Asyraf Sayuti (born 1989), Malaysian football player
* Khairul Asyraf (footballer, born December 1994), Malaysian footballer for Penang
* Khairul Asyraf (footballer, born March 1994), Malaysian footballer for UiTM
* Muhd Asyraf Azan (born 1988), Malaysian squash player
# Time in Togo

Time in Togo is given by Greenwich Mean Time (GMT; UTC+00:00). Togo has never observed daylight saving time and adopted this time zone in 1907.

## IANA time zone database

In the IANA time zone database, Togo is given one zone in the file zone.tab – Africa/Lome. "TG" refers to the country's ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code. Data for Togo directly from zone.tab of the IANA time zone database; columns marked with * are the columns from zone.tab itself:
| c.c.* | coordinates* | TZ* | Comments | UTC offset | DST |
| TG | +0608+00113 | Africa/Lome | | +00:00 | +00:00 |
# Richard Attree

Richard Attree is a British TV and film composer. He attended Highgate School, and then studied electronic music at the Royal College of Music following a degree in computer science. Whilst completing these studies he played as a keyboard player with various bands. He also worked as a freelance composer, producing music for dance and theatre productions at the London Contemporary Dance Theatre and Royal National Theatre. In 1987, he became the last composer to be recruited at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, where he remained until the department's closure. During his time at the BBC, he received two Sony Awards, in 1986 and 1989, for "the Most Creative Use of Radio".
Following his departure from the BBC, he returned to freelance work.
Attree's credits include music for Horizon, Wildlife on One, Timewatch, Hardware, Watt on Earth, and the first three series of The Demon Headmaster. He has also produced music for various BBC idents and promos.
# Gallager

Gallager may refer to:
* Gallager carbine, rifle used in the American Civil War
* Robert G. Gallager, information theorist
# Percy Sands

Percy Robert Sands (1881 – December 1965) was an English footballer, who spent seventeen years playing for Arsenal, making him one of the club's most enduring servants.
Born in Norwood, London, Sands trained as a teacher in Cheltenham and also turned out for Cheltenham Town while in the town. He joined Woolwich Arsenal (as they were then known) as an amateur in 1902. While still an amateur, he became the club's first-choice centre half in 1903–04, having made his debut against Blackpool on 5 September 1903. He would not turn fully professional for another three years, and would still work as a teacher when not playing.
Woolwich Arsenal were promoted to the First Division in 1904, and Sands was a near ever-present in the side. Although Arsenal were an undistinguished mid-table side at this time, they reached the FA Cup semi-finals two years running, in 1905–06 and 1906–07. Nicknamed "Mr Reliable", Sands stuck with the club through leaner times, including financial difficulties and then relegation in 1912–13, by which time he had been made captain of the side, and the club's move to Highbury (and its subsequent renaming) that same year.
With the advent of World War I, first-class football was suspended, but despite his age (33), Sands continued to play for Arsenal in unofficial wartime matches. He later left to serve in the Royal Army Medical Corps on the Western Front. After peace broke out, he joined Southern League side Southend United, before retiring. In all he played 350 matches for the Gunners, a record that stood until it was broken by Bob John fifteen years later.
He was never capped for England, although he was called up for trials with the squad, and also played for the Football League representative team. He died in December 1965 aged 84.
# Open Fiber

Open Fiber S.p.A. (formerly Enel Open Fiber S.p.A.) is an Italian wholesale only telecommunications company, owned 60% by CDP Equity S.p.A. (part of the Cassa Depositi e Prestiti S.p.A. group) and 40% by Macquarie Asset Management (part of the Macquarie Group Limited).

## History

Enel Open Fiber was established in December 2015, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Italian energy company Enel, in order to build an independent fibre-based access network.
In July 2016, the company acquired Metroweb from F2i SGR and Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, a private equity fund and a sovereign wealth fund respectively. However, CDP also acquired 50% stake in Open Fiber.
The company operates in the so-called "market success" clusters A and B as resolved by the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic on 4 March 2015, ie 282 municipalities in large urban areas by 2022. The areas chosen for the project are a subset of the 642 municipalities categorized as clusters A and B by the Government. Open Fiber, estimating a cost corresponding to less than half of that proposed by the competition, won all fourteen lots envisaged in the three calls for the "ultra-broadband plan" launched by Infratel Italia for the construction of the network in clusters C and D ie "white areas" with low population density. The plan provides for the implementation of FTTH optical fiber with speeds up to 1 Gbit/s for urban areas and agglomerations of housing units, while preparing FWA radio links for rural or impervious areas and scattered houses.
In March 2020 Open Fiber had accrued penalties for late deliveries of the works amounting to 286,871,750 euros. Their value abundantly exceeded 10% of the amount of the works, a critical threshold which, according to the concession, gave the grantor the right to terminate the contract.
As of February 2023, optical fiber was carried out to 128,518 customers for a declared total cost for the Italian State of 1,471,810,248 euro (11,452 euro for each person). The service is available solely in 2,463,374 immobiliar units in respect of the 6,411,150 that had been planned for June 2023. Broadband diffusion can be verified in real time through a geographical search engine and an interactive map.
In 2022 Enel sells its 50% share, which is acquired for 40% by Macquarie Asset Management and for 10% by CDP Equity, which reaches a 60% stake in the company.
At the end of 2022, the debt reached a record value of 4.6 billion euros.
# Mary Ann Orger

Mary Ann Orger born Mary Ann Ivers (25 February 1788 – 1 October 1849) was a leading actress in Scotland and Drury Lane. She was a playwright and the mother of composer Caroline Reinagle.

## Life

Ives was born in London in 1788. Her father was a musician, William Ivers, and her mother was an actress who allowed her daughter to appear. At a young age she was being carried on to the stage and she was on the playbill at the age of five. By the age of nine she was singing in Brighton and at age eleven she was taking the part of a gypsy at Frogmore at a fête organised by Queen Charlotte.
By the age of fifteen she was admired by Thomas Orger who married her in 1804. Thomas had been a Quaker, who did not visit theatres, so he had to leave that group when he married her. She was well read and her husband, Dr Thomas Orger was a translator of Ovid and Anacreon, and he had written a book about Napoleon. He didn't object to her acting and he become a founder member of the Swedenborg Society and the editor of Intellectual Repository. Mary too, like her husband, became a member of the Swedenborgian church.
She had a pause after her marriage before she returned to the stage in Edinburgh in 1805 as Amelia Wildenshaw in Lovers Vows. She did not get on with the manager there so she headed north to appear in Aberdeen. She then moved to Glasgow in 1806 when the company included Maria Kelly, Lydia Kelly and Miss Frances. In Glasgow she appeared in Rosoman Mountain's benefit performance.
She made £78 as a result of a benefit performance.
She was a leading actress and the mother of the composer Caroline Reinagle who was born in 1817.
In 1807 she appeared in Glasgow as Caroline Sedley in James Kenney's False Alarm in a benefit for the singer and actress Rosoman Mountain.
She made her debut at Driry Lane as Lydia Languish in The Rivals on 4 October 1808. Despite the fire in the following year she was at Drury Lane until 1831 although this was not an exclusive arrangement.
On 10 March 1825 a farce she had written, Change Partners, was performed at Drury Lane. She died in Brighton on 1 October 1849.
# Irlen syndrome

Irlen syndrome (or scotopic sensitivity syndrome) is a medical condition of disordered visual processing, which, it is proposed, can be treated by wearing colored lenses. The ideas of Irlen syndrome are pseudoscientific and not supported by scientific evidence, and its treatment has been described as a health fraud that takes advantage of vulnerable people.
The condition was proposed in the 1980s.

## Irlen method

The Irlen method uses colored overlays and tinted lenses in the form of glasses or contact lenses. The method is intended to correct visual processing problems; it is claimed the resultant retiming of visual signals in the brain improves symptoms associated with Irlen syndrome.

## History

In 1980, New Zealand teacher Olive Meares described the visual distortions some individuals reported when reading from white paper. In 1983, while working under a federal research grant at the California State University of Long Beach, American psychologist Helen Irlen thought that through the use of either colored overlays or spectral filters (worn as glasses) that would filter the visual information before it reaches the brain could enable the brain to correctly process the visual information it received. Irlen thought that in doing so, the colored overlays and spectral filters could eliminate symptoms associated with Irlen syndrome. Similar symptoms were described separately by Meares and Irlen, each unaware of the other's work. Irlen, who was first to systematically define the condition, named the condition "scotopic sensitivity syndrome," although in years afterward, some referred to it as Meares-Irlen syndrome, Irlen syndrome, and visual stress.
Early studies investigating Irlen syndrome as a treatable condition have been criticized for taking a biased and subjective approach to the research.
# Axel Guessand

Axel Thurel Sahuye Guessand (born 6 November 2004) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for Eliteserien club Kristiansund BK.

## Club career

Guessand is a youth academy graduate of Nancy. He made his professional debut for the club on 28 August 2021, in a 4–1 league defeat against Auxerre. At the age of 16 years, 9 months and 22 days, he became the youngest player to ever feature in a professional match for Nancy.
On 1 July 2022, Guessand joined Serie A club Udinese on a three-year deal. He made his first-team debut on 4 June 2023, starting in a 1–0 league loss against Juventus. In January 2024, he joined Eredivisie club Volendam on loan for the remainder of the season.
On 4 March 2025, Guessand signed with Kristiansund in Norway until the end of 2027.

## International career

Guessand is a French youth international.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 2 November 2023
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Nancy | 2021–22 | Ligue 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Udinese | 2022–23 | Serie A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Udinese | 2023–24 | Serie A | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| Udinese | Total | Total | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 4 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
# Polysacos

Polysacos is an extinct genus of multiplacophorans (chitons) known from articulated Carboniferous fossils; its seventeen shell plates are arranged in three rows, with seven iterated units. It demonstrates that multiplacophora are related to modern polyplacophora. It was fringed with a ring of hollow spines resembling those of the Ordovician Echinochiton.
# Li Wenwen

Li Wenwen (Chinese: 李雯雯; pinyin: Lǐ Wénwén; born 5 March 2000) is a Chinese weightlifter competing in the women's +87 kg division. She is a double Olympic champion, as well as the incumbent world and Asian champion. In 2021, she set the current world records for both clean & jerk and snatch.

## Career

In 2019 Li competed at the IWF World Cup in Fuzhou, winning silver medals and setting junior world records in the snatch, clean & jerk and total in the +87 kg category. Later in 2019 she competed at the 2019 Asian Weightlifting Championships in the +87 kg category. In the snatch portion she set a world record with a lift of 147 kg, and won gold medals in all lifts.
She competed at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships in the +87 kg division against teammate Meng Suping. She had a perfect 6 for 6 day and won gold medals in all lifts which included a world record clean & jerk of 186 kg which also set the total world record.
Li improved on her own world records at the 2020 Asian Weightlifting Championships in 2021. She increased her snatch record from 147 to 148, her clean & jerk record from 186 to 187, and her total record from 332 to 335.
She represented China at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She competed in the women's +87 kg event, winning the gold medal with a new Olympic record of 320 kg.
In August 2024, she finished in first place in the women's +81 kg event at the 2024 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 2021 | Tokyo, Japan | +87 kg | 130 | 135 | 140 OR | — | 162 | 173 | 180 OR | — | 320 OR | |
| 2024 | Paris, France | +81 kg | 130 | 136 | — | — | 167 | 173 | 174 | — | 309 | |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2019 | Pattaya, Thailand | +87 kg | 136 | 142 | 146 | | 175 | 182 | 186 WR | | 332 WR | |
| 2022 | Bogotá, Colombia | +87 kg | 130 | 141 | 141 | | 166 | 170 | — | | 311 | |
| 2023 | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | +87 kg | 130 | 130 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| IWF World Cup |||||||||||||
| 2019 | Fuzhou, China | +87 kg | 135 | 142 | 146 | | 175 | 175 | 182 | | 324 | |
| 2019 | Tianjin, China | +87 kg | 130 | 138 | 142 | | 165 | 173 | 177 | | 315 | |
| 2024 | Phuket, Thailand | +87 kg | 133 | 140 | 145 | | 170 | 180 | — | | 325 | |
| Asian Championships |||||||||||||
| 2019 | Ningbo, China | +87 kg | 137 | 142 | 147 WR | | 175 | 180 | 185 | | 322 | |
| 2021 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | +87 kg | 135 | 143 | 148 CWR | | 175 | 187 CWR | — | | 335 CWR | |
| 2023 | Jinju, South Korea | +87 kg | 130 | 135 | 140 | | 170 | 175 | — | | 315 | |
# Don Floyd

Donald Wayne Floyd (July 1, 1938 – March 9, 1980) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end for the Houston Oilers of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the TCU Horned Frogs.

## Early life

Born in Abilene, Texas, Floyd played his high school football in Midlothian, Texas, for the Midlothian Panthers. Midlothian named a stadium in his honor, but built a new one. Until 2018, Don Floyd stadium was used primarily as a practice field, which brought much criticism from Midlothian citizens. The road which runs next to the new Midlothian stadium is named in his honor. Also, in 2018, the field at MISD Multipurpose Stadium was named for him.
Floyd earned All America honors at Texas Christian University (TCU), played on offense and defense, and helped TCU to two conference championships and two bowl appearances.

## Professional career

After being a draft choice of both the Baltimore Colts of the National Football League (NFL) and the Houston Oilers of the AFL in 1960, Floyd signed with Houston in the fledgling AFL. He was selected as a defensive end on the American Football League All-League team in 1961 and 1962, and an AFL Eastern Division All-Star in 1963. In the early 1960s, Floyd was among the best, using a combination of strength and speed to establish a presence to be accounted for by the opposition on every play.
He played in four American Football League Championships, helping the Oilers win the league's first two titles in 1960 and 1961. Don Floyd is on the Oilers' All-Time Team.

## Death

On March 9, 1980, while traveling with a friend through Raymondville on his way to Houston, Floyd began to experience chest pain. Floyd's friend took him to Willacy County Hospital in Raymondville, where a nurse instructed the pair to drive to a hospital in Harlingen, 30 miles away. On the drive toward Harlingen, Floyd died of a heart attack. Surviving family members, including three former wives, sued the on-duty physician, the emergency room nurse and the hospital in Raymondville.
Subsequent investigation determined that the nurse at Willacy County Hospital had been told to send all patients to the Harlingen hospital except in true life-and-death emergencies. The nursing board disciplinary hearing against the nurse and subsequent legal challenges to it (Lunsford v. Board of Nurse Examiners) established that nurses have a nurse-patient relationship and a duty to act when a patient comes to an emergency room, even if the patient has never been seen by the hospital or one of its physicians.