# Alberto Juantorena

Alberto Juantorena (born 3 December 1950) is a Cuban former runner. He is the only athlete to win both the 400 and 800 m Olympic titles, which he achieved in 1976. He was ranked as world's best runner in the 400 m in 1974 and 1976–1978, and in the 800 m in 1976–77, and was chosen as the Track & Field News Athlete of the Year in 1976 and 1977.

## Biography
### Early sports activities

As a 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) 14-year-old, Juantorena was first considered a potential star at basketball; he was sent to a state basketball school, and was a member of the national team. Meanwhile, he had been a regional high-school champion at 800 and 1500 meters. His running talent was discovered by a Polish track coach, Zygmunt Zabierzowski, who convinced him to start running seriously. Juantorena was ready for the change because as he states himself he was a 'bad' basketball player and his idol was the Cuban sprinter Enrique Figuerola. Only a year later, Juantorena reached the semifinals of the 400 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics, missing a place in the final by 0.05 seconds.
Juantorena proceeded to win a gold medal at the 1973 World University Games and a silver at the 1975 Pan American Games, both in the 400 meters. He was unbeaten in 1973 and 1974, but underwent two operations on his foot in 1975. He only seriously took up running the 800 meters in 1976, so few thought he was a candidate for the Olympic gold that year. His coach, Zabierzowski, had initially tricked him in to trying an 800 m race by convincing him the other runners needed a pacemaker.

### Olympics 1976

Juantorena made it to the 800m Olympic final, and led the field for most of the race, eventually winning in a world record time of 1:43.50. He was the first non-English speaking athlete to win Olympic gold in this event. Three days later, he also won the 400 meter final, setting a low-altitude world record at 44.26. By winning the 400 meters, he became the first athlete since Paul Pilgrim at the 1906 Intercalated Games to do such a double at an Olympic sports event, and was the only man to do so at an officially recognized Olympics.

### Subsequent athletics career

In 1977, he set another world record in the 800, running 1:43.44 in Sofia at the World University Games. He also won both the 400 m and 800 m at the 1977 IAAF World Cup. The 400 m race was mired in controversy when the race was re-run a day after the initial race, in which Juantorena finished third, because Juantorena lodged a successful protest that his slow start had been due to not being able to hear the starter's gun. The latter race featured an epic duel with his great rival Kenya's Mike Boit, a duel that did not happen at the previous year's Olympics because of the African countries boycott.
Juantorena, now known at home as El Caballo (the horse), continued his career, although injuries meant he would never reach the same level as in Montreal. Juantorena had been born with flat feet that caused feet and back problems, and he had to have corrective surgery in 1977. In 1978 he was unbeaten at the 400 m, but suffered his first ever defeat at 800 meters. Injuries, particularly hamstring injuries, hampered his training and racing leading up to the 1980 Moscow Olympics, where he just missed out on a medal in the 400 meters, placing fourth.
At the 1983 World Championships, his last international appearance in a major event, he broke his foot and tore ligaments when he stepped on the inside of the track after qualifying in the first round of the 800 m. He returned to training with a view to competing in the 1984 Summer Olympics. However the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott ended his last chance for competing at Olympics. Instead, he took part in the Friendship Games, the alternative to the official Olympics for the Eastern bloc countries, where he shared the gold medal in the 800 m with Ryszard Ostrowski.

### After retirement

After retirement from athletics in 1984, Juantorena has served in many official capacities, including as the Vice President of the National Institute for Sports, Physical Education and Recreation for Cuba, Vice Minister for Sport of Cuba, and vice-president, later Senior Vice-president of the Cuban Olympic Committee. He is a member of the World Athletics Council, and has also served as an Athletes' Commission Chairman and Grand Prix Commission Member.

## Personal life

Juantorena was first married in 1972 to Yria, a former gymnast, with whom he had two children; He married twice more before meeting his current wife Yolanda, an employee of Cubana de Aviación. He has seven children in total. His nephew Osmany Juantorena is a professional volleyball player. In 2021 Juantorena was the subject of a feature documentary Running for the Revolution produced by British filmmaker Mark Craig. https://worldathletics.org/news/news/alberto-juantorena-running-for-the-revolution-film-release

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Cuba ||||||
| 1972 | Olympic Games | Munich, West Germany | 11th (sf) | 400 m | 46.07 |
| 1973 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Maracaibo, Venezuela | 1st | 400 m | 46.4 |
| 1973 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Maracaibo, Venezuela | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:10.1 |
| 1973 | Universiade | Moscow, Soviet Union | 1st | 400 m | 45.36 |
| 1974 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 1st | 400 m | 45.52 |
| 1974 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:06.36 |
| 1975 | Pan American Games | Mexico City, Mexico | 2nd | 400 m | 44.80 |
| 1975 | Pan American Games | Mexico City, Mexico | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:02.82 |
| 1976 | Olympic Games | Montreal, Canada | 1st | 400 m | 44.26 |
| 1976 | Olympic Games | Montreal, Canada | 1st | 800 m | 1:43.50 (WR) |
| 1976 | Olympic Games | Montreal, Canada | 7th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:03.81 |
| 1977 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Xalapa, Mexico | 2nd | 400 m | 45.67 |
| 1977 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Xalapa, Mexico | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:09.24 |
| 1977 | Universiade | Sofia, Bulgaria | 1st | 800 m | 1:43.44 (WR) |
| 1977 | World Cup | Düsseldorf, West Germany | 1st | 400 m | 45.36$^1$ |
| 1977 | World Cup | Düsseldorf, West Germany | 1st | 800 m | 1:44.04$^1$ |
| 1977 | World Cup | Düsseldorf, West Germany | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:02.77$^1$ |
| 1978 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Medellín, Colombia | 1st | 400 m | 44.27 |
| 1978 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Medellín, Colombia | 1st | 800 m | 1:47.23 |
| 1978 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Medellín, Colombia | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:05.57 |
| 1979 | Pan American Games | San Juan, Puerto Rico | 2nd | 400 m | 45.24 |
| 1979 | Pan American Games | San Juan, Puerto Rico | 2nd | 800 m | 1:46.4 |
| 1979 | Pan American Games | San Juan, Puerto Rico | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:06.3 |
| 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 4th | 400 m | 45.09 |
| 1981 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 1st | 800 m | 1:47.59 |
| 1982 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Havana, Cuba | 1st | 800 m | 1:45.15 |
| 1982 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Havana, Cuba | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:03.59 |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 28th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.40$^2$ |
| 1984 | Friendship Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 1st | 800 m | 1:45.68 |
| 1984 | Friendship Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:04.76 |
$^1$Representing the Americas $^2$Did not start in the semifinals

## Rankings

Juantorena was ranked among the best in the world in both the 400 and 800 m sprint events over the spread of 10 seasons from 1973 to 1982, according to the experts of Track & Field News.
World Rankings :
| Year | 400 m | 800 m |
| 1973 | 3rd | – |
| 1974 | 1st | – |
| 1975 | 4th | – |
| 1976 | 1st | 1st |
| 1977 | 1st | 1st |
| 1978 | 1st | 6th |
| 1979 | 5th | – |
| 1980 | 10th | – |
| 1981 | – | – |
| 1982 | – | 2nd |

## Best performances

400 meters :
| Year | Result | World rank | Location | Date |
| 1973 | 45.36 | 6th | Moscow | 18 Aug |
| 1974 | 44.7 | 1st | Turin | 24 Jul |
| 1975 | 44.80 | 2nd | Mexico City | 18 Oct |
| 1976 | 44.26 PB | 1st | Montreal | 29 Jul |
| 1977 | 44.65 | 1st | Havana | 13 Sep |
| 1978 | 44.27 | 1st | Medellin | 16 Jul |
| 1979 | 45.24 | 10th | San Juan | 12 Jul |
| 1980 | 45.09 | 6th | Moscow | 30 Jul |
| 1982 | 45.51 | 25th | Koblenz | 25 Aug |
800 meters :
| Year | Result | World rank | Location | Date |
| 1976 | 1.43.50 | 1st | Montreal | 25 Jul |
| 1977 | 1.43.44 PB | 1st | Sofia | 21 Aug |
| 1978 | 1.44.38 | 4th | Cologne | 22 Jun |
| 1979 | 1.46.4 | 24th | San Juan | 9 Jul |
| 1981 | 1.46.0 | 20th | Havana | 4 Jul |
| 1982 | 1.45.15 | 14th | Havana | 11 Aug |
| 1983 | 1.45.04 | 18th | Havana | 17 Jun |
| 1984 | 1.44.88 | 22nd | Florence | 13 Jun |