OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polycrates of Argos

Polycrates of Argos, son of Mnasiades, was a Ptolemaic commander at the Battle of Raphia, as well as a governor of Cyprus and chancellor of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the late third and early second centuries BC.
Descended from an illustrious family from Argos, Polycrates joined the court of the Egyptian monarch Ptolemy IV Philopator, just before his campaign against Antiochus III in 217 BC. He was of great service in drilling and encouraging the Egyptian troops, and he commanded the cavalry on the left wing at the battle of Raphia, in which Antiochus was defeated, and which secured for Ptolemy the provinces of Coele-Syria, Phoenicia, and Palestine.
Although still young, Polycrates was second to no one in the king's court, says Polybius, and was accordingly appointed by Ptolemy governor of Cyprus. He discharged the duties of this office with the utmost fidelity and integrity. He secured the island for Ptolemy V Epiphanes, the infant son and successor of Ptolemy IV and, on his return to Alexandria in about 196 BC, he brought with him a considerable sum of money for the king's use. He was received at Alexandria with great applause which made him a powerful influence in the kingdom.
But as he advanced in years, it is said that his character changed for the worse, and he indulged in every kind of vice and wickedness. Because of the loss of the later books of Polybius, Polycrates' subsequent career is unknown. He seems to have taken part in the suppression of rebels in Egypt, wherein four rebel leaders named Athinis, Pausiras, Chesufus and Irobastus were brought in for negotiations, but executed publicly and humiliatingly by Ptolemy instead. Polybius also recounts a story where mercenaries were presented to Ptolemy at Naucratis, but Ptolemy merely took them to the capital Alexandria rather than to participate in an ongoing war, and this was somehow Polycrates's fault (perhaps due to bad advice?).
Polycrates was married to Zeuxo of Cyrene and had three daughters: Zeuxo, Eucrateia and Hermione.
Following his father's example as an athlete, Polycrates was a winner of the horse races at the Panathenaic Games from 192 to 184 BC, as were his wife and daughters. At that time, it was rare for women to participate in these races. For this reason they are frequently mentioned in texts from the Hellenistic period.
# Trafficators

Trafficators are semaphore signals which, when operated, protrude from the bodywork of a motor vehicle to indicate its intention to turn in the direction indicated by the pointing signal. Trafficators are often located at the door pillar.

## History

They first appeared in the 1900s, when they were actuated either mechanically or pneumatically. In 1908, Alfredo Barrachini in Rome added electric lights inside the arms that turned on as they extended, but operation was still by a cable system. Electric operation came in 1918 when the Naillik Motor Signal Company of Boston added electric motor drive. This system was superseded by two French inventors, Gustave Deneef and Maurice Boisson, who used a linear solenoid in 1923. The final complete system came in 1927 when Berlin-based Max Ruhl and Ernst Neuman combined internal illumination and solenoid operation: (but see Gladstone Adams).
The shape of the trafficator arm is closely based upon the shape of the semaphore signal arm used by the Royal Bavarian State Railways beginning in 1890. The shape differs in that the trafficator has only the lower 'blade' of the rail signal's terminal 'arrowhead', so that the retracted trafficator sits flush with the vehicle's exterior.
They were common on vehicles until the introduction of the flashing amber, red or white indicators at or near the corners of the vehicle (and often along the sides as well), now referred to as "turn-signals". They have been increasingly rare since the 1950s, as ever-stricter legislation has prescribed the need for the modern type of flashing signal. Many historic vehicles (e.g. pre-1960 Volkswagen Beetle) that are used on today's roads have had their trafficators supplemented or replaced with modern indicators to aid visibility and to meet legislative requirements. In some countries trafficators may now be retro-fitted with flashing lights.
# Étienne Monier

Étienne Monier (20 April 1889 – 21 April 1913), also known as Élie Monier and nicknamed Simentoff, was a French anarchist and member of the infamous Bonnot Gang.

## Life

Étienne Monier was born into a family of winegrowers in Estagel, in Pyrénées-Orientales, a small town with a strong anarchist tradition since the local population resisted Napoléon III taking power in 1851. Monier himself was under police surveillance for his anarchism by the age of 16. Monier left home at 18 and found work as a gardener in Alais and Nîmes, before deciding to move to Paris in 1909, where he became close with André Lorulot. Monier and others like him disagreed with Léon Jouhaux, who advocated for revolutionaries to join the army and disseminate anarchist propaganda among the soldiers, so in December 1910 he left for Belgium to avoid military service. There, he took on the identity of an anarchist friend, Samuelis Simentoff, born in 1887 in Turkey. He returned to Paris by the end of 1910, settling in Romainville with other anarchists he met in Belgium. The group, including him, were vegetarians and teetotalers. In 1911, he worked with Joseph Renard as a travelling salesman and burglar.
In Paris, he met Victor Serge and Rirette Maîtrejean and, later, Jules Bonnot, leading him to become a member of the Bonnot Gang. While laying low in between the gang's escapades, he worked for some time in the shop of Antoine Gausy, an individualist anarchist, in Ivry-sur-Seine. On 25 March 1912, the gang, including Étienne Monier, stole a de Dion-Bouton automobile in the Forest of Sénart south of Paris and shot the driver through the heart. They drove into Chantilly, north of Paris, where they robbed the local branch of the Société Générale bank, shooting the bank's three cashiers. They escaped in their stolen automobile as two policemen tried to catch them, one on horseback and the other on a bicycle.
Gausy gave shelter to Bonnot later, though he told the police he had been introduced to him by Monier as a Russian revolutionary hiding out after the Lena massacre. When the police came to Gausy's shop on 24 April 1912, Bonnot killed Louis Jouin, the vice-chief of the French police, and escaped. On the same day, Monier was arrested in Belleville, in Paris.
The trial of the gang's survivors began on 3 February 1913. Monier was accused of shooting one of the bank employees, which he denied. Monier was sentenced to death with André Soudy and Raymond Callemin. All three were guillotined on 21 April 1913.
In his will, written in prison, he bequeathed his books to the Paris Municipal Library, and his gun to a Paris museum, "in memory of an innocent victim of an affair which threw the country into a state of terror". He was buried in Ivry Cemetery. Marie Besse, a seventeen-year-old shop assistant who had been Monier's lover, is said to have died two months later from the shock of his execution.
# Walter Estrada Degrandi

Walter Estrada Degrandi (1924 – 1990) was a Uruguayan chess player, nine-time Uruguayan Chess Championship winner (1953, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1966, 1967, 1973, 1977, 1979).

## Biography

From the 1950s to the 1970s Walter Estrada Degrandi was one of Uruguayan leading chess players. He nine time won Uruguayan Chess Championships: 1953, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1966, 1967, 1973, 1977, and 1979. Walter Estrada Degrandi three times participated in World Chess Championship South American Zonal tournaments (1954, 1960, 1978).
Walter Estrada Degrandi played for Uruguay in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1962, at first board in the 15th Chess Olympiad in Varna (+3, =4, -9),
* In 1978, at first board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+1, =1, -4).
Walter Estrada Degrandi played for Uruguay in the Pan American Team Chess Championships:
* In 1971, at third board in the 1st Panamerican Team Chess Championship in Tucuman (+1, =1, -3).
# Notwithstanding (album)

Notwithstanding is the debut album by the American band Chalk FarM, released in 1996.
The singles "Lie on Lie" and "Live Tomorrow" charted on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart, at No. 13 and No. 35, respectively. The band supported the album by touring with Better Than Ezra and Tonic, among others.

## Production

The album was produced by Matt Hyde, who recorded the band after hearing their 4-song demo. All four band members contributed to the songwriting, which often aspired to U2-esque songs about social problems and universal themes. The title of the album is a reference to the legal argot that kept appearing in Chalk FarM's recording contract. The album contains a hidden track, which begins three minutes after "Sunflower".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
| St. Petersburg Times | C− |
The Washington Post called "Lie on Lie" "a power ballad that uses Orlando Sims's stabbing bass line to build the tension released by the anthemic chorus." The St. Petersburg Times wrote that "Chalk FarM boldly goes where so many bands have gone before ... in this shiny happy realm of three-chord bliss, the time is always 4/4 and backup harmonies are sweet enough to rot your teeth." The Sun Herald considered the songs to be "essential progressive pop rock—usually medium- to up-tempo, always crystal clear."
The Los Angeles Daily News deemed the album "a solid effort that brings to mind the '60s-influenced songwriting and playing of Counting Crows and the Wallflowers." USA Today determined that the band "recalls the Gin Blossoms in their hook-writing skill and dreamy explorations of adult responsibility... The songs have pace and structure—beginnings, middles and endings." Tulsa World noted that "the homogenized trance of this music is ironic ... considering that most of Chalk Farm's lyrics focus on various Everypersons trying to resist apathy and acquiescence."
AllMusic called Notwithstanding "a cohesive, endearing album" with choruses that "are littered with instantly recognizable hooks." MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide labeled it "mediocre, middle-of-the-road rock."
# Ewenny Priory House

Ewenny Priory House is a privately owned Georgian mansion located immediately to the south of Ewenny Priory church, at Ewenny, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Originally built in 1545 it was rebuilt in the early 1800s. The house is Grade II* listed.

## History and description

The original house was built after 1545 by Sir Edward Carne, who had purchased the Ewenny Priory buildings after it had been dissolved by King Henry VIII. The two-storey Tudor mansion had fallen into disrepair by the 1780s.
Between 1803 and 1805 a new house was built on the site of the south wing of its Tudor predecessor, with two storeys over a basement, five horizontal bays with a central projecting entrance porch reached by a flight of stone steps. Well known London architect John Nash is put forward as the possible designer. The west wing of the Tudor house was retained and, with other buildings, forms a courtyard to the rear of the main house. An arch leads through the wing. A third storey was added to the west wing in the 1890s.
The interior of the main house is well preserved retaining its original features - ornate plasterwork, fireplaces, door frames, and a cantilevered stone staircase in the main entrance hallway.
The mansion became a Grade II* listed building in 1963 for its "great historic interest of its origins, and for its particularly fine well-preserved interior".
The house and grounds are currently used as a wedding venue.
# Mihovo

Mihovo (pronounced) is a settlement in the Gorjanci Mountains in the Municipality of Šentjernej in southeastern Slovenia. Its territory extends southwards right to the border with Croatia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
Archaeological finds at a site close to the village have shown continuous occupation of the area with artefacts from the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman period, and early Medieval period.
# Ahmat Tursunjan

Ahmat Tursunjan (Chinese: 艾合买提·吐尔逊江; born 9 July 2000) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Wuxi Wugou.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 10 May 2021.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Hubei Istar | 2019 | China League Two | 28 | 3 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 | 31 | 2 |
| Hubei Istar | 2020 | China League Two | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 |
| Hubei Istar | 2021 | China League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hubei Istar | Total | Total | 38 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 41 | 2 |
| Henan Songshan Longmen (loan) | 2021 | Chinese Super League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 39 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 42 | 2 |
* ↑ Appearances in the Chinese FA Cup
* ↑ Appearances in the China League Two playoffs
# Pedro Donoso Velasco

Pedro H. Donoso Velasco (26 February 1944 – 8 September 2001) was a Chilean chess FIDE master (FM), three-time Chilean Chess Championship winner (1970, 1977, 1978) and Pan American Chess Championship bronze medalist (1977).

## Biography

From the early 1970s to the early 1980s, Donoso was one of Chile's leading chess players. In the Chilean Chess Championships he won three gold medals (1970, 1977, 1978). Pedro Donoso Velasco participated in the World Chess Championship South American zonal tournament (1975) and the Pan American Chess Championship (1974, 1977), winning a bronze medal in the latter in 1977.
Donoso played for Chile in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1974, at the second board in the 21st Chess Olympiad in Nice (+9, =6, -3),
* In 1976, at the second board in the 22nd Chess Olympiad in Haifa (+6, =3, -3),
* In 1978, at the first board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+5, =4, -4),
* In 1980, at the first reserve board in the 24th Chess Olympiad in La Valletta (+3, =2, -3).
Donoso played for Chile in the Pan American Team Chess Championship:
* In 1971, at the first board in the 1st Panamerican Team Chess Championship in Tucuman (+4, =2, -1), winning an individual silver medal.
Donoso was known as a chess trainer. His students included Grandmaster Iván Morovic and other prominent Chilean chess players.
Donoso died of cancer.
# Walter Bakouma

Walter Silva Bakouma Sitou, known as Walter Bakouma (born November 14, 1980, in Mvouti) is a Congolese professional footballer. Currently, he plays in the Championnat de France amateur for SP MAZIERES.
He played 11 games and scored 3 goals for the Congo national football team.Champions avec Sp Mazieres saison 2021-2022
# Amihai Grosz

Amihai Grosz (born in 1979 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli violist. From 1995 to 2009, he was the violist with the Jerusalem Quartet. Since 2010, Grosz has been the Principal Violist of the Berlin Philharmonic.

## Education

Grosz began to play the violin at age 5 before switching to the viola at age 11. His viola teachers were David Chen in Jerusalem, Tabea Zimmermann in Frankfurt and Berlin, and, in Tel Aviv, Haim Taub, who had a formative influence on him.

## Career

In 1995, Grosz was a founding member of the Jerusalem Quartet, playing with them until 2009. During his time with the Quartet, they signed a recording contract with Harmonia Mundi. In 2009, they won the ECHO Klassik Chamber Music Award for Schubert's String Quartet No. 14 "Death and the Maiden".
Their recording of two Haydn string quartets received a Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2009 and won the 2010 BBC Music Magazine Chamber Award.
In 1996, Grosz won first prize at the Brown-Roger Siegel Competition. In 2007, he received the Gottesman Prize for viola at the Aviv Competition.
In 2004, Grosz performed the world premiere of Omer Meir Wellber’s Viola Concerto. In 2012, he played Luciano Berio’s "Sequenza VI" for viola solo at the Philharmonie Berlin. In 2013, Grosz was soloist in Hector Berlioz's Harold en Italie conducted by Emanuel Krivine as part of the Berlioz Festival in France.
Grosz has played with Daniel Barenboim’s West-Eastern Divan Orchestra and the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra. Grosz has also collaborated, in solo and in chamber music projects, with artists such as Yefim Bronfman, Emmanuel Pahud, Mitsuko Uchida, Oleg Maisenberg, Janine Jansen, Julian Rachlin and David Geringas; he performs regularly in concert halls and festivals such as the Delft Festival, Salon Festival, and Verbier Festival, BBC Proms, Bahnhof Rolandseck, Utrecht International Chamber Music Festival, Spectrum Concerts Berlin, West Cork Chamber Music Festival, and the Jerusalem Chamber Music Festival, founded by Elena Bashkirova in 2009.
Grosz plays a 1570 Gasparo da Salò viola on loan for life from a private collection.
# Awaz (album)

Awaz (Urdu: آواز, translation: voice), is the first album released by Pakistani pop musical group Awaz. The album was released in 1993 by EMI. Haroon and Fakhir as the lead performers, the album took the Pakistani pop scene by storm and set new standards for the emerging and youthful pop singing fraternity.

## Track listing

* Jan-e-Man
* Keh Do
* Jaanay Kaun Thi Haseena
* Diya
* Take on the World
* Oh Girl
* Awaz
* Dhund
* Nai Manzilain
* Dhoka
* Epilogue

## Personnel

All information is taken from the CD.

### Awaz

* Haroon Rashid – lead vocals
* Asad Ahmed – lead guitars
* Faakhir Mehmood – vocals, keyboards, piano

### Additional musicians

* Rizwan-ul-Haq – rhythm guitars, bass guitars
# Pompeia (wife of Memmius)

Pompeia (born late 2nd century BC and died some time 1st century BC) was a Roman noblewoman of plebeian status.

## Biography
### Early life

She was born and raised in a senatorial family in Rome. Her father was the consul and general Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo but the name of her mother is uncertain, some sources claim she was a Lucilia but others that Lucilia was her grandmother. Pompeia's brother was the future triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (better known as Pompey the Great) who was relatively close in age to her. They also probably had another sister who was somewhat older.

### Marriages

Pompeia married the Roman nobleman and politician Gaius Memmius. They likely had a son by the same name who became a moneyer. Memmius was an ally to her brother; he commanded forces under Pompey in Sicily in 81 BC; he served Pompey as a quaestor from 76 to 75 BC during the Sertorian War on the Iberian Peninsula. In 75 BC Memmius was killed in a battle near Saguntum. After Memmius's death she married Publius Cornelius Sulla, the nephew of the late Dictator Sulla.
# Ajdin Nukić

Ajdin Nukić (born 26 December 1997) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Bosnian Premier League club Tuzla City.

## International career

Nukić made his debut for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team on 6 June 2021 in a friendly match against Denmark. He substituted Andrej Đokanović in the 78th minute in a 2–0 away loss.
# Carlos Hounié Fleurquin

Carlos Hounié Fleurquin (10 November 1906 – 1962) was a Uruguayan chess player, two-time Uruguayan Chess Championship winner (1935, 1946).

## Biography

From the early 1930s to the end 1940s, Carlos Hounié Fleurquin was one of Uruguayan leading chess players. He was multiple participant in the Uruguayan Chess Championships, where he won champion title in 1935 and 1946. He was participant in three South American Chess Championships in row (1934, 1934/1935, 1936). Also Carlos Hounié Fleurquin was participant of a number of major international tournaments: Montevideo (1939, 1961), Mar del Plata (1945, 1947).
Carlos Hounié Fleurquin played for Uruguay in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1939, at second board in the 8th Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+8, =3, -5).
# Amminapes

Amminapes was a Parthian who was appointed satrap of the Parthians and Hyrcanii by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE.
Amminapes knew Alexander from his youth at the Macedonian court, where he remained in exile together with Artabazos II and a Persian nobleman named Sisines, after conflicts with the Achaemenid ruler Artaxerxes III. He was later able to return to the Achaemenid Empire and was given responsibilities in Egypt. He was in Egypt with the satrap Mazakes in late 332 BCE when they surrendered the country to Alexander, and he is the one who convinced Mazakes to do so and helped negotiate the terms of the surrender. He then joined the army of Alexander the Great.
Amminapes later received in 330 BCE the satrapy of Parthia and Hyrcania as a reward for his services, but he was still joined with the Macedonian general Tlepolemus. Tlepolemus was later appointed by Alexander satrap of Carmania, which he retained on the death of Alexander in 323 BC, and also at the fresh division of the provinces at Triparadisus in 321.
Amminapes was probably soon replaced by Phrataphernes, who was still in charge of the satrapy in 324, and was then succeeded by his son Pharismanes.
# Arcuatula perfragilis

Arcuatula perfragilis is a bivalve mollusc of the mussel family, Mytilidae, which has an Indo-Pacific distribution including the Red Sea. It has invaded the eastern Mediterranean from the Red Sea by way of the Suez Canal, a process known as Lessepsian migration.

## Description

Arcuatula perfragilis has a pale green, equivalve shell with a few yellowish radial lines on the dorsal to posterior portion of the valves. The valves are typical mussel-shaped in that they are narrowly ovoid and transversely elongated. The periostracum is shiny. The surface of the valve has a very weak pattern of radiating lines which is discernible only by the strong ligament along the hinge line typical of the family mytilidae. This hinge has between 1 and 5 small dysodont teeth at the anterior end with a further15 towards the posterior part beyond the ligament. The shell length is normally 20mm.
It can be identified from Arcuatula senhousia in the Mediterranean by its having a darker, less shiny, more rounded shell and because it possesses less distinct, fewer, smaller riblets anterior to the umbones.

## Distribution

Arcuatula perfragilis has an Indo-Pacific distribution and occurs from the Red Sea east to Japan. It was first recorded in the Mediterranean off Israel in 1960 but was initially misidentified as Arcuatula glaberrima (then named as Modiolus glabberrimus), it has now spread as far as Turkey.

## Biology

Arcuatula perfragilis is a benthic species which usually occurs in shallow water between 0-30m on intertidal mud and sand.

## Taxonomy

Arcuatula perfragilis is the type species of the genus Arcuatula.