OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Duchess Olga of Württemberg

Duchess Olga of Württemberg (German: Herzogin Olga Alexandrine Marie von Württemberg; 1 March 1876 – 21 October 1932) was a daughter of Duke Eugen of Württemberg and Grand Duchess Vera Constantinovna of Russia. She married Prince Maximilian of Schaumburg-Lippe.

## Early life and family

Princess Olga was born at Stuttgart, Württemberg on 1 March 1876. She was the younger twin daughter of Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877), and Grand Duchess Vera Constantinovna of Russia (1854–1912). Her father was chosen by Charles I of Württemberg (a distant relative) as a husband for her mother, who was Charles' and Queen Olga's niece and adopted daughter.
Her elder brother, Duke Charles-Eugen of Württemberg, died young in 1875. Her older twin was Duchess Elsa of Württemberg (1876–1936), who married her husband's brother, Prince Albert of Schaumburg-Lippe. The twin sisters did not look alike and Olga, who was much taller than her sister, seemed to be the elder of the two.
Her paternal grandparents were Duke Eugen of Württemberg, and Princess Mathilde of Schaumburg-Lippe. Her maternal grandparents were Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia and Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg.

## Marriage and issue

There were plans to marry Duchess Olga to Prince Maximilian of Baden, but he ultimately married Princess Marie Louise of Hanover. In March 1898 there were reports of her engagement to Prince Eugen of Sweden, the youngest son of King Oscar II of Sweden. The marriage never occurred; Prince Eugen, a notable artist, remained a bachelor.
On 3 November 1898, Olga was married to Prince Maximilian of Schaumburg-Lippe (1871–1904) at Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg. He was a son of Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, and Bathildis, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau. Their marriage lasted less than six years before her husband died young. Together, they had three children:
* Prince Eugen of Schaumburg-Lippe (1899–1929), who died unmarried at age 30 at Caterham, Surrey, England, in a plane crash.
* Prince Albrecht of Schaumburg-Lippe (1900–1984), who married Baroness Walburga von Hirschberg (1906–1986) in 1930. They had no children, however, he had a daughter with Baroness Marie-Gabriele von Pfetten-Arnbach (1927–2015).
* Prince Bernhard of Schaumburg-Lippe (1902–1903), who died in childhood.
Prince Maximilian died on 1 April 1904. Olga died on 21 October 1932.

### Descendants

Through her second son Albrecht, she was posthumously a grandmother of Andrea of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1960), who married Count Franz von Degenfeld-Schonburg on 4 September 1993. They had three children.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Duchess Olga of Württemberg :
# Jam Miller

Jamarion "Jam" Miller (born April 29, 2004) is an American football running back for the Alabama Crimson Tide.

## Early life

Miller is from Tyler, Texas. He attended Tyler Legacy High School and became a top player for the football team. He ran for 1,631 yards and 20 touchdowns as a junior. He then had 166 carries for 1,406 yards and 13 touchdowns, along with along with 29 receptions for 380 yards and six touchdowns as a senior. In his high school career, Miller set the Tyler Legacy records with 4,908 rushing yards and 65 total touchdowns. He was ranked a four-star prospect and the fourth-best running back – as well as the 78th-best player overall – nationally by 247Sports. He initially committed to play college football for the Texas Longhorns but later flipped his commitment to the Alabama Crimson Tide.

## College career

As a true freshman at Alabama in 2022, Miller ran 33 times for 233 yards and two touchdowns, playing behind Roydell Williams and Jase McClellan. In 2023, he remained a backup to Williams and McClellan, totaling 41 rushes for 201 yards and a touchdown along with four receptions for 73 yards and a touchdown. After the two left the Crimson Tide in 2024, Miller became one of Alabama's two top running backs for the 2024 season, alongside Justice Haynes. Two games into the 2024 season, Miller had his first 100-yard rushing performance, totaling 140 yards on 15 carries with a touchdown against South Florida.
# Bears' Cave

Bears' Cave (Romanian: Peștera Urșilor, Hungarian: Medve-barlang) is located in the western Apuseni Mountains, on the outskirts of Chișcău village, Bihor County, northwestern Romania. It was discovered in 1975 by Speodava, an amateur spelaeologist group.
Bears' Cave received its name after the 140 cave bear skeletons which were discovered on the site in 1983. The cave bear, also known as Ursus spelaeus, is a species of bear which became extinct during the Last Glacial Maximum, about 27,500 years ago.
The cave has three galleries and four halls: The Candles Hall, Emil Racoviță Hall, The Spaghetti Hall and The Bones Hall.

## History

The name of the cave is due to the numerous fossils of "cave bears" (Ursus spelaeus) found here. The cave used to be a home for these animals 15,000 years ago.
The cave remained closed until 17 September 1975, when the underground void was artificially opened by dynamiting the entrance during the limestone (marble) quarrying works. Traian Curta, a miner from Chișcău, went down the shaft for the first time. He went through the access gallery to the Great Hall.
The first exploration of the cave took place on 20 September 1975 by the group of amateur cavers "Speodava" from the town of Dr. Petru Groza (now the town of Ștei). On the basis of complex studies carried out by the Institute of Speleology "Emil Racoviță" in collaboration with the Criș Country Museum in Oradea, the solutions for the layout and specific protection measures were established. After 5 years of development, the cave was opened to visitors on 14 July 1980. Every year the cave is visited by more than 200,000 tourists.

## Gallery

* Pillar of dripstone
* Interior of the cave
* Stalactites and stalagmites
* Stalactites
# Robert Milner Coerver

Robert Milner Coerver (born June 6, 1954) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as the bishop for the Diocese of Lubbock in Texas since 2016.

## Biography
### Early life

Robert Coerver was born on June 6, 1954, in Dallas, Texas. He earned a Licentiate in Spiritual Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. He also received a Master of Counseling and Guidance degree from Texas A & M University—Commerce in Commerce, Texas.

### Priesthood

On June 27, 1980, Coerver was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Thomas Ambrose Tschoepe for the Diocese of Dallas at the Templo Expiatorio del Santísimo Sacramento in Guadalajara, Mexico.After his 1960 ordination, Coerver served as parochial vicar at the following parishes in Texas:
* Saint Elizabeth of Hungary in Dallas (1981 to 1982)
* Saint Elizabeth Seton in Plano (1982 to 1985)
Coerver left Saint Elizabeth Seton in 1985 after his appointment as director of spiritual formation at Holy Trinity Seminary on the campus of the University of Dallas. He was appointed as spirituality consultant to diocesan programs in 1996. In July 1997, Coerver was also named director of the Office of Sacramental Life for the diocese. In 2003, Coerver was appointed director of priestly life and ministry.
In December 2004, Pope John Paul II named Coerver a prelate of honor with the title "monsignor." In 2005, Coerver began serving as pastoral administrator at Our Lady of the Lake Parish in Rockwall Texas, becoming pastor there in 2006. He was transferred in July 2010 to serve as pastor of St. Rita Parish in Dallas.

### Bishop of Lubbock

Pope Francis appointed Coerver as bishop of Lubbock on September 27, 2016. He was installed and consecrated by Archbishop Gustavo Garcia-Siller at Christ the King Cathedral in Lubbock on November 21, 2016, with Auxiliary Bishop Gregory Kelly and Bishop Plácido Rodriguez acting as co-consecrators.
On January 21, 2019, Coerver released a list of clerics with credible accusations of sexual abuse. One name on that list was that of Jesus Guerrero, a retired deacon who had been accused in 1997 and 2007 of having an inappropriate relationship with an adult female parishioner alleged to have mental problems. Guerrero sued the diocese in March 2019 for defamation, saying that he had never been accused of sexual abuse with a minor. When the state court refused to dismiss the case, the diocese appealed the decision to the Texas Supreme Court. The Supreme Court dismissed Guerrero's lawsuit in June 2021, citing the First Amendment rights under the US Constitution of churches to manage their own affairs.
# Dorothy West (actress)

Dorothy West (August 29, 1891 – December 11, 1980) was an American stage and film actress, as well as a radio performer.

## Early life

She grew up in Huntsville, Alabama.

## Career

West was a star in Biograph silent films in New York. She later relocated to Hollywood with a group of D.W. Griffith stars that included Mary Pickford, Marion Leonard, Florence Barker, and Mack Sennett in 1909. West, Pickford, Pickford's brother Jack, and Effie Johnson boarded together.
She joined a stock theatre company in Mount Vernon, Illinois then joined the Pitt Stock Players in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She also performed in theatre in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
West returned to film several years later and received positive notice for her work in Griffith's His Mother's Scarf (1911) Swords and Hearts (1911) and The Eternal Grind (1916), then left films again to tour in theatre productions in Europe after World War I with the American Army of Occupation, including in Germany.
She also worked on Broadway and with a theatre company called The Triangle Players. She performed in the short play Sintram of Skaggerack by Sada Cowan in 1923.
She made her radio debut in 1928.

## Selected filmography

* The Girl and the Outlaw (1908)
* The Guerrilla (1908)
* An Awful Moment (1908)
* One Touch of Nature (1909)
* Love Finds a Way (1909)
* Those Boys! (1909)
* The Girls and Daddy (1909)
* The Brahma Diamond (1909)
* His Wife's Mother (1909)
* The Roue's Heart (1909)
* I Did It (1909)
* The Deception (1909)
* A Burglar's Mistake (1909)
* The Cord of Life (1909)
* The Day After (1909)
* The Unchanging Sea (1910)
* In the Border States (1910)
* The House with Closed Shutters (1910)
* Heart Beats of Long Ago (1911)
* His Mother's Scarf (1911)
* Swords and Hearts (1911)
* The Habit of Happiness (1916)
* The Eternal Grind (1916)
# John Owen (chess player)

John Owen (8 April 1827 – 24 November 1901) was an English vicar and amateur chess master. He ranked among the world's top ten chess players for certain periods of the 1860s. He was a major figure in English chess from the mid-1850s to the 1890s.

## Biography

Owen was born in Marchington, and obtained his early schooling at Repton School, Derbyshire. In 1850 he graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, and received his M.A. from Cambridge three years later. He was ordained by the Church of England in 1851, and served as Vicar of Hooton, Cheshire from 1862 to his retirement in 1900.
In 1858 he won a chess game against the young American master Paul Morphy, the world's best player, who was then touring Europe. This led to a match between the two. Despite being given odds of pawn and the move (meaning he started the game with an extra pawn and always moved first), Owen lost the match 6–1, never winning a game.
His performance in the very strong 1862 London tournament, the first international round-robin event (in which each participant plays every other) was more impressive. He finished third, ahead of future world champion Wilhelm Steinitz, and was the only player to win against the eventual tournament winner, Adolf Anderssen. Louis Paulsen placed second. This result was arguably Owen's top lifetime chess achievement.
Owen continued to play frequently and often successfully in British tournaments into the 1890s, and performed strongly in several matches against top British players, who were essentially chess professionals. He never competed outside the British Isles. He died in Twickenham.

## Legacy

Owen is the eponym of Owen's Defence, a chess opening characterised by the moves 1.e4 b6. Owen was the first strong player to play this frequently, including in his victory over Morphy.
# Atlasta Creek

Atlasta Creek is a stream in Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska, in the United States.
"Atlasta Creek took its name from a local roadhouse, that was named when a pioneer woman said in relief, "At last, a house" after the first house in the area was completed.
# Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération

The Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération (French pronunciation:) is a military museum located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France. The museum is dedicated to the Ordre de la Libération, France's second national order after the Légion d'honneur, which was created in 1940 by General Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Free French Forces. In 1967 de Gaulle moved the Order of the Liberation into Les Invalides.
The museum contains three galleries and six rooms, with a total area of 1,000 square metres (11,000 sq ft), and documents the history of the Free French Forces, de Gaulle's manuscripts, resistance activities, and the concentration camps. Display cases contain more than 4,000 objects including uniforms, weapons, clandestine press and leaflets, transmitters, flags taken to the enemy on the battlefields of Africa and Europe, the first naval flags of Free France, and relics from the camps. The hall of honor is dedicated to General de Gaulle.
# Natan Rakhlin

Natan Hryhorovych Rakhlin (10 January [O.S. 28 December 1905] 1906 – 28 June 1979) was a Soviet and Ukrainian Jewish conductor.

## Biography

Rakhlin was born January 10, 1906, in Snovsk, Gorodnyansky Uyezd, Chernigov Governorate, Russian Empire.
He served as Artistic Director of the Ukrainian SSR State Symphony Orchestra from 1937 to 1962 and was the musical director of a number of Soviet films. In 1941 he succeeded Alexander Gauk as director of the USSR State Symphony Orchestra. On October 30, 1957, Rakhlin conducted the premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 11.
He was the founder of the Tatar ASSR State Symphony Orchestra [ru], which he led from its foundation in 1966 until his death in 1979.

## Discography

* N. Rimsky-Korsakov, P. Tchaikovsky, V. Kalinnikov - Russian Conductors Vol. 12 - Nathan Rakhlin by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Vasily Kalinnikov, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Nathan Rakhlin, and Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra (audio CD - 2008)
* Glazunov: Symphony No. 4 (conducted by Natan Rakhlin), Cortège Solonel, Poeme Lyrique (conducted by Gennady Rozhdestvensky), Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra. HMV-Melodiya ASD 3238 (LP no longer available).
* R. Glière: Symphony No. 3 in B Minor, Op. 42 "Ilya Murometz", The Large Symphony Orchestra, Moscow Radio and Television, Melodiya 33 С 10—05255-8 (1974)
# 1941 Michigan State Spartans football team

The 1941 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State College as an independent during the 1941 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Charlie Bachman, the Spartans compiled a 5–3–1 record and lost their annual rivalry game with Michigan by a 19 to 7 score. In inter-sectional play, the team lost to Santa Clara (7–0) and defeated Temple (46–0) and West Virginia (14–12).
Michigan State was ranked at No. 43 (out of 681 teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score System for 1941.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | at Michigan | Michigan StadiumAnn Arbor, MI (rivalry) | L 7–19 | 67,079 |
| October 11 | Marquette | Macklin FieldEast Lansing, MI | W 13–7 | 15,000 |
| October 18 | at Santa Clara | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 0–7 | 18,000 |
| October 25 | Wayne | Macklin FieldEast Lansing, MI | W 39–6 | 15,200 |
| November 1 | Missouri | Macklin FieldEast Lansing, MI | L 0–19 | 15,750 |
| November 8 | at Purdue | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | T 0–0 | 17,000 |
| November 15 | Temple | Macklin FieldEast Lansing, MI | W 46–0 | 10,123 |
| November 22 | Ohio Wesleyan | Macklin FieldEast Lansing, MI | W 31–7 | 10,000 |
| November 29 | at West Virginia | Mountaineer FieldMorgantown, WV | W 14–12 | 10,126 |
| Homecoming ||||||

## Game summaries
### Michigan

| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| Michigan State | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| • Michigan | 0 | 7 | 12 | 0 | 19 |
On September 27, 1941, Michigan State lost Michigan by a 19 to 7 score. The game was Michigan's first without Tom Harmon, who had led the Wolverines from 1938 to 1940. Sophomore tailback Tom Kuzma, from Harmon's home town of Gary, Indiana, took over Harmon's spot and scored two touchdowns in his first game for the Wolverines. Michigan State took the lead on the third play from scrimmage with a 74-yard sweep around left end by halfback Jack Fenton. Michigan came back with a touchdown in the second quarter and two more in the third quarter. In addition to Kuzma's two touchdowns, fullback Bob Westfall also scored on a one-yard run in the third quarter. Bob Ingalls kicked for one point after touchdown for Michigan. Michigan out-gained Michigan State on the ground with 235 rushing yards to 104 for the Spartans. Wilfrid Smith of the Chicago Tribune wrote that the key to Michigan's victory was its veteran line that "completely outplayed" the Spartans' line.
# Wasta

Wasta or wāsita (Arabic: واسِطة, romanized: wāsiṭah) is an Arabic word that loosely translates into nepotism or 'clout'. It refers to the use of personal connections or influence to achieve desired outcomes, particularly in governmental contexts. This can include expedited document processing, visa approvals, waiving of fines, or securing employment opportunities. The term is also extended to cronyism and nepotism in the allotment of public sector jobs.
In other words, wasta constitutes a form of favoritism, or what is informally spoken of in English as "pull" from connections (the opposite of "push"). Similar practices are observed worldwide, known as cronyism in English, sociolismo in Cuba, blat in Russia, guanxi in China, Vetternwirtschaft in Germany, protektzia in Israeli slang, and un pituto in Chilean Spanish. In Brazilian-Portuguese it is referred to as pistolão, QI (Quem Indica, or Who Indicates), or in the slang peixada, pidi padu in Malayalam, arka or destek or torpil in Turkish, plecy in Polish, štela in Bosnian, veza in Serbian Piston in French.

## Etymology

Wasta is derived from the Modern Standard Arabic word (Arabic: واسِطَة, romanized: wāsiṭah) which can mean medium or intermediary. In contemporary usage, it signifies the use of personal networks or intermediaries to accomplish tasks or gain favors.
In some Middle Eastern countries, the absence of strict anti-nepotism policies can lead to hiring practices where personal connections influence employment decisions. This phenomenon occurs in both public and private sectors and can result in the employment of individuals based on relationships rather than solely on qualifications.
In recent years, there has been a shift towards merit-based recruitment, especially among multinational corporations and professional firms operating in the Middle East. However, wasta remains prevalent in various sectors, reflecting its deep cultural roots.
# Andrew K. Hay

Andrew Kessler Hay (January 19, 1809 – February 7, 1881) was an American Whig and Republican politician who represented New Jersey's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1849 to 1851.

## Biography

Hay was born near Lowell, Massachusetts, on January 19, 1809. He completed preparatory studies and was employed in the manufacture of window glass.

### Early career

In 1829, he moved to Waterford Works, New Jersey, in Winslow Township, and engaged in the manufacture of glass with his father-in-law, John Hammond Coffin, in Winslow and Hammonton. In 1836, he was leased his glassworks in conjunction with Coffin's natural son Bodine; Hay became the sole owner in 1851.

### Congress

Hay was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress, serving in office from March 4, 1849, to March 3, 1851.

### Later career

After leaving Congress, he resumed his business interests. He was a presidential elector on the Republican ticket in the 1872 United States presidential election. One of its incorporators in 1852 and a director since 1870, he replaced Robert Frazer as president of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad in October 1873; in 1875, William Massey was made acting president due to Hay's severe ill health and in March 1876, Hay stepped down for the same reason, being succeeded by John Lucas. He remained in his directing position until his death.

### Death and burial

Hay died in Winslow Township on February 7, 1881, and was interred in Colestown Cemetery in what is now Cherry Hill Township, New Jersey.

### Family

He had three daughters and a son, William C. Hay. His nephew, John B. Hay, became head of Hay & Company.
# Raya Garbousova

Raya Garbousova (Russian: Ра́я Га́рбузова; September 25, 1909 – January 28, 1997) was a Russian-born American cellist and teacher.

## Early life and career

Born in Tiflis, into a Jewish family. According to the biography contained in the program booklet for the 1997 memorial concert in her honor in DeKalb, Illinois, she made her formal debut in Moscow in 1923 and left the Soviet Union in 1925. She lived and performed in Europe, and gave her first performance in New York City in 1935. In December 1938, she toured the UK as supporting artist to Richard Tauber. She emigrated to the United States in 1939.
In 1948, she married cardiologist Kurt Biss and settled in DeKalb, Illinois. She taught at Northern Illinois University from 1973 until her retirement in 1991. Besides teaching at NIU, Garbousova also taught at the Hartt College of Music in Hartford, Connecticut, and gave many master classes at prominent musical institutions. They raised two sons, Gregory Biss (born 1942) and Paul Biss (born 1944). Gregory is a pianist and composer. Paul is a violinist and violist who is married to violinist Miriam Fried; one of their children, Jonathan Biss, is a classical pianist.
During her performing career, she performed with many of the world's leading orchestras and conductors. To many who knew her, she was particularly associated with the cello music of Samuel Barber. Barber wrote his cello concerto for her, and she performed its world premiere with Serge Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1946. Her recording of the Barber Sonata for Cello and Piano is also well known in this context.
For her students, in addition to providing the typical technical and musical instruction which master teachers provide, she added the perspective of having personally known many of the great composers and string soloists of the twentieth century.

## Legacy

In the booklet of letters and biographies which was distributed privately to participants in the 1997 Memorial Concert for Raya Garbousova, Mstislav Rostropovich stated, "For me, Raya was my closest, dearest friend." In this same document, János Starker stated, "But play she did and on a level of artistry that earned her a place among the handful of truly greats of the century."

## Partial discography

* Samuel Barber: Concerto for Cello & Orchestra (Decca Records LP, DL 10132, 1966)
# Dren (Obrenovac)

Dren (Serbian: Дрен) is a village located in the municipality of Obrenovac, Belgrade, Serbia. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 1,113 inhabitants.

## Demographics

There are 993 adults living in the Dren settlement, and the average age of the population is 40.2 years (39.2 for men and 41.3 for women). There are 381 households in the settlement, and the average number of members per household is 3.36.
This settlement is mainly inhabited by romanii (according to the 2002 census), and in the last three censuses, a decrease in the number of inhabitants was observed.
# The Irishman: In Conversation

The Irishman: In Conversation is a 2019 documentary short film starring Martin Scorsese, Robert De Niro, Al Pacino and Joe Pesci. The premise revolves around Scorsese speaking with De Niro, Pacino, and Pesci about their film The Irishman.

## Cast

* Robert De Niro
* Al Pacino
* Joe Pesci
* Martin Scorsese

## Release

The Irishman: In Conversation was released on November 27, 2019.