OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary.com

Dictionary.com is an online dictionary whose domain was first registered on May 14, 1995. The primary content on Dictionary.com is a proprietary dictionary based on Random House Unabridged Dictionary, with editors for the site providing new and updated definitions. Supplementary content comes from the Collins English Dictionary, American Heritage Dictionary and others. It is owned by IXL Learning.

## History

Dictionary.com was founded by Brian Kariger and Daniel Fierro as part of Lexico Publishing, which also started Thesaurus.com and Reference.com. At the time of its launch, it was one of the web's first in-depth reference sites. In July 2008, Lexico Publishing Group, LLC, was acquired by Ask.com, an IAC company, and renamed Dictionary.com, LLC. In 2018, IAC sold Dictionary.com and Thesaurus.com to Rock Holdings. At the time of the sale, Dictionary.com was the 447th most trafficked website in the United States, according to the website tracking service SimilarWeb. In 2015, they estimated that there are 5.5 billion word searches a year on its site. In 2024, Rock Holdings sold Dictionary.com and Thesaurus.com to IXL Learning.

## Features

Among its features, Dictionary.com offers a Word of the Day, a crossword solver, and a pop culture dictionary that includes emoji and slang sections.
In 2010, Dictionary.com began a Word of the Year feature with the word change. The selection is based on search trends on the site throughout the year and the news events that drive them. Dictionary.com's words of the year have been:
* 2010: change
* 2011: tergiversate
* 2012: bluster
* 2013: privacy
* 2014: exposure
* 2015: identity
* 2016: xenophobia
* 2017: complicit
* 2018: misinformation
* 2019: existential
* 2020: pandemic
* 2021: allyship
* 2022: woman
* 2023: hallucinate
* 2024: demure
In April 2009, they launched an app on the Apple App Store allowing users to find definitions and synonyms. It also included audio pronunciations, alphabetical indexing, and synonym example sentences. Since then, Dictionary.com released a standalone thesaurus app called Thesaurus Rex along with education apps, Dictionary.com Flashcards, Word Dynamo, and Learning to Read with Zoo Animals.
In early 2020, in response to COVID-19 quarantine home-schooling needs, Dictionary.com launched an interactive platform for learning at home, and an online tutoring service. Later that year Dictionary.com's sister site, Thesaurus.com, launched a writing assistant and grammar checker called Grammar Coach. The coronavirus outbreak led to the addition of novel words to the main dictionary (e.g., fomite) and the slang dictionary (e.g., rona).
# Jean-Baptiste Pierazzi

Jean-Baptiste Pierazzi (born 17 June 1985) is a retired French footballer who played as a defensive midfielder and currently serves as an assistant coach with Canadian Premier League club Valour FC.

## Club career

Jean-Baptiste began his professional career with AC Ajaccio during the 2006–07 season, making his debut under coach Ruud Krol. He made 25 appearances in his debut season in Ligue 2, and was also an important player during Gernot Rohr's tenure at the club. He also captained the club during the 2010–11 season in which he helped Ajaccio gain promotion to Ligue 1. In his first season in the top flight, Pierazzi appeared in 34 league matches and helped the club maintain its Ligue 1 status. During his time with Ajaccio, Pierazzi appeared in 112 Ligue 2 matches and 67 Ligue 1 matches.
During January 2014, Pierazzi signed with Major League Soccer side San Jose Earthquakes.

## Post retirement

From February to May 2023, Pierazzi worked as 'Head of Video & Tactical Analysis' for Cypriot club Ethnikos Achna. In the summer of 2023, Pierazzi returned to his former club, AC Ajaccio, where he was hired as a video analyst.
In 2025, he joined Valour FC of the Canadian Premier League as an assistant coach.
# Zareena Grewal

Zareena A. Grewal is a Pakistani-American historical anthropologist and documentary filmmaker whose work focuses on Islam in the United States. She is an associate professor of American studies, religious studies, and ethnicity, race, and migration at Yale University.

## Career

Grewal was a Fulbright Fellow in Egypt in 2002-03. In 2004, she directed and produced her debut film, By the Dawn’s Early Light: Chris Jackson’s Journey to Islam. The documentary examines Islamophobia in the United States through the lens of Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf (born Chris Jackson), a National Basketball Association (NBA) player who converted to Islam in the 1990s. Grewal's first book, Islam is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority, was published by New York University Press in 2013. The book, an ethnography of Muslims in the United States and their connections to the global Islamic community, won third place in the 2014 Victor Turner Prize for Ethnographic Writing.
In October 2023, Grewal gained national attention after she expressed support on Twitter for the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, saying that Palestinians had "every right to resist through armed struggle". She also wrote that those killed were not civilians because they are Israeli, tweeting, "Settlers are not civilians. This is not hard" in response to a Sky News journalist’s tweet insisting: “Civilians are civilians are civilians, doesn’t matter where” after the attack. A petition created by a Yale student to remove Grewal from her faculty position garnered more than 55,000 signatures. In response, a Yale spokesperson said that the university was "committed to freedom of expression". Grewal claimed that her posts had been "wildly taken out of context" and denied being a Hamas supporter. Grewal's tweets were later argued as an example of antisemitism on campus in an open letter signed by 1,400 Yale alumni, faculty, and parents.
# Paulette Cruz

Paulette Cruz (born January 8, 1989, in Colima, Colima) is a beach volleyball player from Mexico, who played during the Qualification Tournament of the Swatch FIVB World Tour 2006, playing with Wendy Guizar; they finished 41st.
She played at the 2009 NORCECA Caymand Islands Tournament with Vanessa Virgen, winning the silver medal, and later the bronze at the Boca Chica Tournament, in the Dominican Republic.
# Domain specificity

Domain specificity is a theoretical position in cognitive science (especially modern cognitive development) that argues that many aspects of cognition are supported by specialized, presumably evolutionarily specified, learning devices. The position is a close relative of modularity of mind, but is considered more general in that it does not necessarily entail all the assumptions of Fodorian modularity (e.g., informational encapsulation). Instead, it is properly described as a variant of psychological nativism. Other cognitive scientists also hold the mind to be modular, without the modules necessarily possessing the characteristics of Fodorian modularity.
Domain specificity emerged in the aftermath of the cognitive revolution as a theoretical alternative to empiricist theories that believed all learning can be driven by the operation of a few such general learning devices. Prominent examples of such domain-general views include Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, and the views of many modern connectionists. Proponents of domain specificity argue that domain-general learning mechanisms are unable to overcome the epistemological problems facing learners in many domains, especially language. In addition, domain-specific accounts draw support from the surprising competencies of infants, who are able to reason about things like numerosity, goal-directed behavior, and the physical properties of objects all in the first months of life. Domain-specific theorists argue that these competencies are too sophisticated to have been learned via a domain-general process like associative learning, especially over such a short time and in the face of the infant’s perceptual, attentional, and motor deficits.
Current proponents of domain specificity argue that evolution equipped humans (and indeed most other species) with specific adaptations designed to overcome persistent problems in the environment. For humans, popular candidates include reasoning about objects, other intentional agents, language, and number. Researchers in this field seek evidence for domain specificity in a variety of ways. Some look for unique cognitive signatures thought to characterize a domain (e.g. differences in ways infants reason about inanimate versus animate entities). Others try to show selective impairment or competence within but not across domains (e.g. the increased ease of solving the Wason Selection Task when the content is social in nature). Still, others use learnability arguments to argue that a cognitive process or specific cognitive content could not be learned, as in Noam Chomsky’s poverty of the stimulus argument for language.
Prominent proponents of domain specificity include Jerry Fodor, Noam Chomsky, Steven Pinker, Elizabeth Spelke, Susan Carey, Lawrence A. Hirschfeld, Susan Gelman and many others.
# 1975 Tennessee Volunteers football team

The 1975 Tennessee Volunteers football team (variously "Tennessee", "UT" or the "Vols") represented the University of Tennessee in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bill Battle, in his sixth year, and played their home games at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of seven wins and five losses (7–5 overall, 3–3 in the SEC). The Volunteers offense scored 253 points while the defense allowed 193 points.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| September 13 | No. 14 Maryland* | No. 20 | Neyland StadiumKnoxville, TN | | W 26–8 | 74,161 |
| September 20 | at No. 12 UCLA* | No. 10 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | ABC | L 28–34 | 33,356 |
| September 27 | Auburn | No. 16 | Neyland StadiumKnoxville, TN | | W 21–17 | 74,611 |
| October 11 | LSU | No. 19 | Neyland StadiumKnoxville, TN | | W 24–10 | 75,276 |
| October 18 | at No. 6 Alabama | No. 16 | Legion FieldBirmingham, AL (Third Saturday in October) | | L 7–30 | 72,000 |
| October 25 | North Texas State* | | Neyland StadiumKnoxville, TN | | L 14–21 | 72,670 |
| November 1 | Colorado State* | | Neyland StadiumKnoxville, TN | | W 28–7 | 71,579 |
| November 8 | Utah* | | Neyland StadiumKnoxville, TN | | W 40–7 | 67,437 |
| November 15 | vs. Ole Miss | | Memphis Memorial StadiumMemphis, TN (rivalry) | | L 6–23 | 51,389 |
| November 22 | at Kentucky | | Commonwealth StadiumLexington, KY (Battle for the Barrel) | | W 17–13 | 56,000 |
| November 29 | Vanderbilt | | Neyland StadiumKnoxville, TN | | L 14–17 | 71,943 |
| December 6 | at Hawaii* | | Aloha StadiumHalawa, HI | | W 28–6 | 40,585 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||||

## Team players drafted into the NFL

| Player | Position | Round | Pick | NFL club |
| Ron McCartney | Linebacker | 2 | 53 | Los Angeles Rams |
| Tommy West | Linebacker | 16 | 433 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers |
* Reference:
# 1975 Wichita State Shockers football team

The 1975 Wichita State Shockers football team was an American football team that represented Wichita State as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. In their second year under head coach Jim Wright, the team compiled an overall record of 3–8 with a mark of 1–3 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the MVC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 6 | West Texas State | Cessna StadiumWichita, KS | W 13–7 | 20,175 |
| September 13 | at Oklahoma State* | Lewis FieldStillwater, OK | L 0–34 | 28,800 |
| September 20 | at Kansas State* | KSU StadiumManhattan, KS | L 0–32 | 31,000 |
| September 27 | at Colorado* | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO | L 0–52 | 46,613 |
| October 4 | Louisville* | Cessna StadiumWichita, KS | W 13–10 | |
| October 11 | New Mexico State | Cessna StadiumWichita, KS | L 24–26 | 10,643 |
| October 18 | Tulsa | Cessna StadiumWichita, KS | L 10–41 | 13,278 |
| October 25 | at Southern Illinois* | McAndrew StadiumCarbondale, IL | L 22–33 | 11,122 |
| November 1 | Memphis State* | Cessna StadiumWichita, KS | L 7–13 | 8,854 |
| November 8 | Fresno State* | Cessna StadiumWichita, KS | W 28–11 | 8,640 |
| November 15 | at Drake | Drake StadiumDes Moines, IA | L 23–27 | 6,125 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# 1975 William & Mary Indians football team

The 1975 William & Mary Indians football team represented the College of William & Mary as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season. Led by Jim Root in his fourth year as head coach, William & Mary finished the season 2–9 overall and 2–3 in SoCon play to place fifth.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 6 | at North Carolina* | Kenan Memorial StadiumChapel Hill, NC | L 7–33 | 31,500 |
| September 20 | at East Carolina | Ficklen StadiumGreenville, NC | L 0–20 | 15,542 |
| September 27 | at Pittsburgh* | Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PA | L 0–47 | 31,022 |
| October 4 | at The Citadel | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC | L 6–21 | 15,845 |
| October 11 | Ohio* | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | L 8–22 | 12,000 |
| October 18 | at Rutgers* | Rutgers StadiumPiscataway, NJ | L 0–24 | 10,000 |
| October 25 | Furman | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | L 6–21 | 7,000 |
| November 1 | vs. Virginia Tech* | Foreman FieldNorfolk, VA (Oyster Bowl) | L 7–24 | 28,000 |
| November 8 | at VMI | Alumni Memorial FieldLexington, VA (rivalry) | W 13–7 | 6,200 |
| November 15 | Colgate* | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA | L 17–21 | 8,000 |
| November 22 | Richmond | Cary FieldWilliamsburg, VA (rivalry) | W 31–21 | 11,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Second Bureau of Imperial Iranian Army

Imperial Iranian Army's Second Bureau (Persian: رکن دوم; Rokn-e-Dovvom) was an Iranian military intelligence agency during the Pahlavi dynasty from 1926 to 1979.

## Establishment and structure

Second Bureau was one of the four main bureaus operating in the army alongside First Bureau, responsible for Human resources, Third Bureau, responsible for operations and Fourth Bureau responsible for logistics. It was active since reign of Reza Shah and received information from military attachés in target countries. Modeled after the Deuxième Bureau, the French elite officers who were teaching at War University and Officers' School before World War II were founders of Iran's military intelligence service. The service was later contributed by British secret services.
On 7 September 1955, the "Intelligence Bureau of Imperial Iranian Army Headquarters" (Persian: اداره اطلاعات ستاد ارتش شاهنشاهی ایران) was established.
During reign of Mohammad Reza Shah, the agency directly reported to him.

## Role

Alongside acting as the military intelligence apparatus of the army and conducting counterintelligence operations, it was responsible for internal security and surveillance work involving military personnel, as well as civilians. The unit's operations was parallel to those of Shahrbani and Ministry of Interior. Until 1953 Iranian coup d'état, it was considered Iran's sole intelligence agency.
After Organization of Intelligence and National Security (SAVAK) was established, it had close ties to the military. Although some of army intelligence officers were transferred to SAVAK and some simultaneously served in both agencies; an interservice rivalry emerged between the two and even became an open secret to people.

## Directors

* Abdolreza Afkham Ebrahimi (1932–1934)
* Mohsen Diba (1934–?)
* Abbasgholi Esfandiari
* Ali Raati (around 1934)
* Hasan Arfa (1934–?)
* Habibollah Deyhimi
* Bijan Gilanshah (1947–?)
* Hassan Akhavi
* Hussein Siasi
* Hassan Pakravan (1951–1953)
* Mustafa Amjadi (1953–1954)
* Mohammad-Vali Gharani (1954–1957)
* Haj Ali Kia (1957–?)
* Azizullah Kamal
* Azizullah Palizban
* Nasser Moghaddam (April 1973–March 1978)
* Naser Qoli Boroumand Jezi
* Pervez Amini Afshar (1978–1979)
# Saidali Iuldachev

Saidali Iuldachev (Uzbek: Saidali Yo‘ldoshev; born January 31, 1968) is an Uzbekistani chess Grandmaster (1997).
He won Uzbekistani Chess Championship in 1993 and 2003. In 2004 he tied for 2nd–4th with Praveen Thipsay and Chakkravarthy Deepan in the Piloo Mody International Open in Lucknow and tied for first with Maxim Sorokin in the Murzagaliev Memorial in Uralsk, Kazakhstan. In 2009 he tied for 5th–10th with Chakkravarthy Deepan, Georgy Timoshenko, Sundar Shyam, Andrei Deviatkin and Shukhrat Safin in the Mumbai Mayor Cup.
Iuldachev played for Uzbekistan in the Chess Olympiads of 1992, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004 and 2008. He took part in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2002, but was knocked out in the first round by Zurab Azmaiparashvili. In the May 2010 FIDE list, he has an Elo rating of 2511, making him Uzbekistan's number four.

## Notable games

* Mikhail Krasenkow vs Saidali Iuldachev, 34th Olympiad 2000, Spanish Game: General (C65), 0-1
* Saidali Iuldachev vs Alexander Hilario Ta Fier, 37th Chess Olympiad 2006, Sicilian Defense: Closed Variation (B23), 1-0
# Law of Five

The Law of Five may refer to:
# List of engagements during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present)

This is a list of engagements during the Sudanese civil war (2023–present).

## Battles

| Name | Location | Start date | End date | Result of the battle |
| Battle of Khartoum | Khartoum | 15 April 2023 | | Ongoing |
| Darfur campaign | Darfur States | 15 April 2023 | | Ongoing |
| Battle of Geneina | Geneina | 15 April 2023 | 22 June 2023 | RSF victory |
| Battle of Khartoum International Airport | Khartoum International Airport | 15 April 2023 | | Ongoing |
| Battle of Merowe | Merowe | 15 April 2023 | 21 April 2023 | SAF victory |
| Battle of Merowe Airport | Merowe Airport | 15 April 2023 | 21 April 2023 | SAF victory |
| Battle of Nyala | Nyala | 15 April 2023 | 26 October 2023 | RSF victory |
| Siege of El Fasher | El Fasher | 15 April 2023 | | Ongoing |
| Siege of El Obeid | El-Obeid | 15 April 2023 | 1 September 2023 | SAF victory |
| Siege of Zalingei | Zalingei | 15 April 2023 | 6 August 2023 | RSF victory |
| Battle of Kadugli | Kadugli | 8 June 2023 | | Ongoing |
| Battle of Dilling | Dilling, Sudan | 26 June 2023 | 25 February 2025 | SAF partial victory |
| Battle of Kabkabiya | Kabkabiya | 15 April 2023 | 23 April 2023 | RSF victory |
| Battle of Kutum | Kutum | 30 May 2023 | 4 June 2023 | RSF victory |
| Battle of Wad Madani | Wad Madani | 15 December 2023 | 11 January 2025 | SAF victory |
| Siege of Babanusa | Babanusa, West Kordofan | 22 January 2024 | 5 February 2024 | SAF victory |
| Battle of Jebel Moya | Jebel Moya | 25 June 2024 | 5 October 2024 | SAF victory |
| Sennar offensive | Sennar | 30 June 2024 | 5 March 2025 | SAF victory |
| Battle of Dinder | Dinder | 2 July 2024 | 23 October 2024 | SAF victory |
| 2024–2025 Bahri offensive | Bahri | 26 September 2024 | 17 February 2025 | SAF victory |

## Massacres

| Name | Location | Start date | Perpetrator | Deaths |
| Masalit massacres | Darfur | 15 April 2023 | RSF | ~12,500 |
| Misterei massacre | Misterei, West Darfur | 27 May 2023 | RSF | 97 |
| Ardamata massacre | Ardamata, West Darfur | 8 November 2023 | RSF | 2,000 |
| Tawila massacre | Tawila, North Darfur | 19 June 2023 | RSF | 42 |
| Sirba massacre | Sirba, West Darfur | July 2023 | RSF | Hundreds |
| Kutum massacre | Kutum, North Darfur | 30 May 2023 | RSF | ~75 |
| Wad An Nora massacre | Wad Al-Noora, Al-Jazira | 5 June 2024 | RSF | 150-200+ |
| Galgani massacre | Galgani, Sennar State | 15 August 2024 | RSF | 108+ |
| 2024 eastern Gezira State massacres | Eastern Gezira State | 20 October 2024 | RSF | 8000+ |
# Deep Sea 3D

Deep Sea 3D is a 3D IMAX documentary film about sea life. The documentary is directed by Howard Hall who has also directed other undersea films such as Into the Deep and Island of the Sharks. The film is narrated by Johnny Depp and Kate Winslet. It also features music by Danny Elfman. The film is 40 minutes long.
The film shows various sea animals, such as jellyfish, octopuses, and turtles as well as coral reef life.
# Petr Michálek

Petr Michalek (born 19 August 1989) is a Czech male volleyball player. He is part of the Czech Republic men's national volleyball team. On club level he plays for Jihostroj České Budějovice.
# Štefan Chrtianský (born 1989)

Štefan Chrtianský (born 17 August 1989) is a Slovak male volleyball player. He is part of the Slovakia men's national volleyball team. On club level he plays for Hypo Tirol Innsbruck.
# Piyanut Pannoy

Piyanut Pannoy (Thai: ปิยะนุช แป้นน้อย; RTGS: Piyanut Paennoi, born November 10, 1989) is a Thai volleyball player who plays as a Libero for the Thailand women's national volleyball team

## Career

She is on the list 2019 Korea-Thailand all star super match competition.

## Clubs

* Bangkok (2008–2009)
* Chaiyaphum (2009–2010)
* Supreme Nakhonsi (2010–2012)
* Supreme Chonburi (2012–2017)
* Altay Oskemen (2017–2018)
* Supreme Chonburi (2018–2023)
* Azerrail Baku (2011–2012, 2023-2024)
* LOVB Atlanta (2024-)

## Awards
### Individuals

* 2010 Asian Games – "Best Receiver"
* 2011 Asian Club Championship – "Best Libero"
* 2013 Summer Universiade – "Best Digger"
* 2014 China International – "Best Libero"
* 2016 Thai-Denmark Super League – "Best Libero"
* 2016 Montreux Volley Masters – "Best Libero"
* 2016 Asian Cup – "Best Libero"
* 2019 Asian Championship – "Best Libero"

### Clubs

* 2008–09 Thailand League – Champion, with Bangkok
* 2015–16 Thailand League – Runner-up, with Supreme Chonburi
* 2016–17 Thailand League – Champion, with Supreme Chonburi
* 2017 Thai-Denmark Super League – Champion, with Supreme Chonburi
* 2018 Thai-Denmark Super League – Champion, with Supreme Chonburi
* 2011–12 Azerbaijan Super League – Runner-up, with Azerrail Baku
* 2017–18 Kazakhstan Liga – Champion, with Altay
* 2010 Asian Club Championship – Champion, with Federbrau
* 2011 Asian Club Championship – Champion, with Chang
* 2012 Asian Club Championship – Bronze medal, with Chang
* 2017 Asian Club Championship – Champion, with Supreme Chonburi
* 2018 Asian Club Championship – Champion, with Supreme Chonburi
* 2019 Asian Club Championship – Runner-up, with Supreme Chonburi

## Royal decoration

* 2013 - Commander (Third Class) of The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant