OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederick de Bertodano

Frederick Ramon de Bertodano y Wilson, 8th Marquis de Moral(1871–1955) was an Australian born officer in the British Army during the Second Matabele War and the Second Anglo-Boer War. In his capacity as "Intelligence Officer for Pretoria and the Northern Districts," Captain de Bertodano was instrumental in the investigation that resulted in the court-martial of Breaker Morant.
# Somerset MRT station

Somerset MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North–South Line in Orchard, Singapore. It is one of the three stations located along the popular shopping belt, Orchard Road.
The station connects to Comcentre, Singapore Power Building, Skate Park, 313@Somerset, Orchard Gateway, Orchard Central, Cathay Cineleisure Orchard, Centrepoint Shopping Centre, Mandarin Orchard, The Heeren, Faber House, Orchard Point, Peranakan Place and Emerald Hill.
Opened in 1987, Somerset station was part of the early plans for the original MRT network since 1982. It was constructed as part of Phase I of the MRT network. Following the network's operational split, the station has been served by the North–South Line since 1989.

## History

The station was built as part of the first phase of construction of the MRT system. Initially named Killiney, the station was renamed to its current name in November 1982 after Somerset Road, which runs above it. In January 1984, a joint venture between Borie SAE, Cogefar SPA, Traylor Bros and Ong Chwee Kou Building Contractors secured Contract 106A, the S$39.2 million contract to build Somerset station, since the joint venture was already handling construction of the tunnels adjacent to the station.
To facilitate the station's construction, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) requisitioned the Ng Teow Yhee Building, which was located within the station site, in 1983,and Somerset Road was diverted in October 1984. Somerset station was opened on 12 December 1987 as part of the extension of the MRT network from Toa Payoh to Outram Park.
Construction of the lifts started on 28 June 2000 and were completed on 11 July 2002. Exit B of the station was heavily renovated from January 2007 to July 2009. An additional entrance, Exit D, was opened in conjunction with Orchard Gateway on 25 April 2014 along with Exit C which also connects to Orchard Gateway.

### Station details

The station is located under Somerset Road and is near landmarks such as Orchard Central, 313@Somerset, Comcentre, the Centrepoint and 111 Somerset. It is served by the North–South Line, between Orchard and Dhoby Ghaut stations, and has the station code NS23.
Somerset station was designed to function as a bomb shelter, and was fitted out with blast doors and thick walls of reinforced concrete to withstand bomb impacts. Plants grown with the aid of hydroponics were planted in the station for aesthetic purposes.

### Artwork

The station has a wall mural by local artists Leo Hee Tong and Ho Ho Ying. It was installed as part of the MRTC's S$2 million (US$3 million in 2022) commission of artworks at six MRT stations along the NSL.
There is another mural as part of the heritage-themed Comic Connect Public art display by SMRT. Managed by Lola Liu and created by Anthong "Antz" Chong, Marianne "Marihadalittlesheep" Tan, Sarah Keydence, and Rene Foo from the art school Visual Arts Centre and art group Playgroup Artists, the mural depicts landmarks in Somerset including the Sian Teck Tng temple, Killiney Road, and the Youth Park.
# Radko Bobekov

Radko Bobekov (Bulgarian: Радко Бобеков; 7 October 1928 – 19 October 1993) was a Bulgarian chess player.

## Biography

In the 1950s and 1960s Radko Bobekov was one of the leading Bulgarian chess players. He has participated in the Bulgarian Chess Championship finals many times (1953, 1957, 1963, 1967). In 1958, in Sofia Radko Bobekov shared 1st - 3rd place in International Chess Tournament.
Radko Bobekov played for Bulgaria in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1954, at second reserve board in the 11th Chess Olympiad in Amsterdam (+5, =1, -5).
Radko Bobekov played for Bulgaria in the European Team Chess Championship preliminaries:
* In 1961, at reserve board in the 2nd European Team Chess Championship (+0, =1, -0),
* In 1970, at reserve board in the 4th European Team Chess Championship (+0, =0, -1).
Radko Bobekov played for Bulgaria in the World Student Team Chess Championship:
* In 1956, at second reserve board in the 3rd World Student Team Chess Championship in Uppsala (+1, =0, -2).
# Kavadiguda

Kavadiguda is a residential urban sprawl of Secunderabad, India.

## Transport

Kavadiguda is well connected by TSRTC buses to all parts of the city. The closest MMTS Train station is James Street.
# County Route 538 (New Jersey)

County Route 538 (CR 538) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 24.10 miles (38.79 km) from Kings Highway (CR 551) in Swedesboro to Black Horse Pike (U.S. Route 322) in Monroe Township.

## Route description

CR 538 begins at an intersection with CR 551 in Swedesboro, Gloucester County, heading southeast on two-lane undivided Glen Echo Avenue through residential areas. The route enters Woolwich Township and forks to the left onto Swedesboro Road, passing over the New Jersey Turnpike. The road continues into a mix of farmland and woodland, intersecting CR 614 before crossing into South Harrison Township. In this area, CR 538 crosses CR 607 before entering areas of increasing residential subdivisions as it comes to Route 45. Past this junction, the route enters more forested areas of residential subdivisions with a few farms, crossing CR 581. The road continues into Elk Township and reaches the Route 77 junction.
Here, CR 538 becomes Elk Road passes through a mix of woods, farms, and some development as it intersects CR 641 and CR 616. Farther east, the route crosses CR 619 and CR 609 before turning east into a patch of woods. The road runs through agricultural areas as it comes to junctions with CR 553 and CR 667. From here, CR 538 turns more southeast and continues through farmland and woodland with a few residences, entering Franklin Township and becoming Swedesboro Road. Upon intersecting CR 604, the route turns east and passes under the Route 55 freeway before passing through wooded residential areas. CR 538 crosses over Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Vineland Secondary before entering commercial areas and coming to the Route 47 and CR 613 junction. The road becomes Coles Mill Road and passes more homes in the community of Franklinville, intersecting CR 657, CR 655, and CR 612. After leaving Franklinville, CR 538 runs east through more forested areas with residences, crossing CR 555 and CR 659. CR 538 continues, crossing CR 633, then into Monroe Township and turns north at Cranes Lake, coming to its eastern terminus at US 322 (Black Horse Pike).

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Gloucester County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Swedesboro | 0.00 | 0.00 | CR 551 (Kings Highway) – Woodstown, Glassboro, Woodbury | Western terminus |
| South Harrison Township | 3.98 | 6.41 | Route 45 (Woodstown-Mullica Hill Road) – Mullica Hill, Woodstown | |
| South Harrison Township | 5.29 | 8.51 | CR 581 (Commissioners Road) | |
| Elk Township | 7.27 | 11.70 | Route 77 (Bridgeton Pike) – Mullica Hill, Bridgeton | |
| Elk Township | 12.41 | 19.97 | CR 553 (Buck Road) to Route 55 – Glassboro, Bridgeton | |
| Franklin Township | 15.49 | 24.93 | Route 47 (Delsea Drive) – Glassboro, Vineland | |
| Franklin Township | 19.79 | 31.85 | CR 555 (Tuckahoe Road) | |
| Monroe Township | 24.10 | 38.79 | US 322 (Black Horse Pike) – Williamstown, Atlantic City | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Vesmina Shikova

Vesmina W. Shikova (Bulgarian: Весмина Шикова; born 3 October 1951) is a Bulgarian chess player. She received the FIDE title of Woman International Master (WIM) in 1971 and won the Bulgarian Women's Chess Championship in 1972.

## Biography

From the end of 1960s to the mid-1980s, Vesmina Shikova was one of the leading Bulgarian women's chess players. She participated several times in Bulgarian Women's Chess Championship and won eleven medals: gold (1972), silver (1978) and nine bronze (1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1977, 1982, 1984, 1985). In 1972, in Pernik Vesmina Shikova participated in Women's World Chess Championship European Zonal tournament, where shared 13th-14th place. She won Women's International chess tournament in Halle (1969) and shared the 2nd place in Sofia (1970).
Vesmina Shikova played for Bulgaria in the Women's Chess Olympiads:
* In 1972, at first reserve board in the 5th Chess Olympiad (women) in Skopje (+1, =0, -1),
* In 1978, at third board in the 8th Chess Olympiad (women) in Buenos Aires (+5, =4, -3).
# Dragičina, Grude

Dragićina is a village in the Municipality of Grude, West Herzegovina Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Grude.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 851.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 848 | 99.6% |
| Bosniaks | 1 | 0.1% |
| Serbs | 1 | 0.1% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.1% |
| Total | 851 | 100% |
# Sweet Surrender (TV series)

Sweet Surrender is an American sitcom television series created by Deidre Fay and Stuart Wolpert, that aired for one season on NBC from April 18, 1987 to July 8, 1987.

## Cast

* Mark Blum as Ken Holden
* Dana Delany as Georgia Holden
* Viveka Davis as Cak
* David Doyle as Frank Macklin
* Edan Gross as Bart Holden
* Marjorie Lord as Joyce Holden
* Louise Williams as Lyla Gafney

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| 1 | "The Big Seven" | John Bowab | Deidre Fay & Stuart Wolpert | April 18, 1987 (1987-04-18) |
| 2 | "Where There's a Will..." | Valentine Mayer | Burt Prelutsky | April 25, 1987 (1987-04-25) |
| 3 | "The Holdens Go to Dinner" | Jack Shea | Bob Garfield | May 2, 1987 (1987-05-02) |
| 4 | "High School Confidential" | Linda Day | Unknown | May 9, 1987 (1987-05-09) |
| 5 | "I Got Those No Dough, No Justice, Crazy Dog Blues" | John Bowab | Unknown | May 16, 1987 (1987-05-16) |
| 6 | "Sexual Diversity in Philadelphia" | John Bowab | Stephen Neigher | July 8, 1987 (1987-07-08) |
# Baghak-e Jonubi

Baghak-e Jonubi (Persian: باغک جنوبی) is a village in Baghak Rural District of the Central District of Tangestan County, Bushehr province, Iran.

## History

In 2010, the villages of Ali Shams ol Din, Bagh-e Salem-e Jonubi, Bagh-e Salem-e Shomali, Deh-e Now, Deh Kohneh, Jovey, Mal Barik, Rameh Char, Shamshiri, and Tokhmari merged to form the village of Baghak-e Jonubi.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2011 National Census, the village's population was 1,210 people in 320 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,173 people in 362 households.
# The Eye of the Government

The Eye of the Government is a 1914 American silent film produced by Gene Gauntier Feature Players and distributed by Warner's Features. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with himself, Gene Gauntier and Jack J Clark in the leading roles.

## Cast

* Gene Gauntier
* Jack J. Clark
* Sidney Olcott

## Production notes

The film was shot in Ireland and on board a liner on the Atlantic Ocean.
# Manuel Dienavorian Lacherian

Manuel Dienavorian Lacherian (born 14 March 1938) is a Uruguayan chess player of Armenian origin and two-time Uruguayan Chess Championship winner (1980 and 1987).

## Biography

From the end-1960s to the end-1980s, Lacherian was one of Uruguay's leading chess players. He won seven medals in Uruguayan Chess Championships: 2 gold (1980, 1987), 4 silver (1968, 1971, 1974, 1979) and 1 bronze (1988). In 1981, Lacherian participated in the Pan American Chess Championships in San Pedro de Jujuy.
Additionally, Lacherian played for Uruguay in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1976, at second reserve board in the 22nd Chess Olympiad in Haifa (+4, =3, -2),
* In 1978, at second board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+3, =7, -2),
* In 1982, at second board in the 25th Chess Olympiad in Lucerne (+4, =5, -2),
* In 1988, at third board in the 28th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+4, =5, -2).
Lacherian also played for Uruguay in the Pan American Team Chess Championships:
* In 1971, at fourth board in the 1st Panamerican Team Chess Championship in Tucuman (+1, =5, -0),
* In 1987, at first board in the 3rd Panamerican Team Chess Championship in Junín (+0, =3, -4).
# Tulipalin A

Tulipalin A, also known as α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, is a naturally occurring compound found in certain flowers such as tulips and alstroemerias. Tulipalin A has the molecular formula C$_5$H$_6$O$_2$ and the CAS registry number 547-65-9. It is an allergen and has been known to cause occupational contact dermatitis, i.e. 'tulip fingers,' in some who are commonly exposed to it such as florists. It has been shown to be synthesized from Tuliposide-A in response to damage to the plant. When the plant is damaged, Tuliposide-A is broken down by Tuliposide-converting enzymes (TCE) to produce Tulipalin-A. More recent experiments with this compound have uncovered potential applications for it in the field of polymerization.
# Brittany Ashworth

Brittany Francine Ashworth is an English actress. She began her career in the film Mrs Ratcliffe's Revolution and the ITV drama Mobile (both 2007). She has since starred in the films The Crucifixion and Hostile (both 2017), as well as The Ledge (2022). She also had a recurring role in the BBC and HBO series Industry (2022).

## Early life and education

Ashworth is from Lancashire. She took classes at David Johnson's Oldham Theatre Workshop. She studied English Literature at the University of Oxford.

## Career

Ashworth starred in Mrs Ratcliffe's Revolution and Mobile prior to university. Later, Ashworth played Sister Vaduva in the 2017 film The Crucifixion opposite Sophie Cookson, before playing the lead role of Juliet in the apocalyptic thriller film Hostile  [fr]. She played Fran Adams in the 2018 British comedy film, Accident Man, and was cast in Guy Ritchie's 2019 film The Gentlemen. In 2022, Ashworth starred as mountain climber Kelly, in the direct-to-video film thriller The Ledge.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | Mrs Ratcliffe's Revolution | Alex Ratcliffe | |
| 2007 | Exhibit A | Judith King | |
| 2017 | The Crucifixion | Sister Vaduva | |
| 2017 | Hostile | Juliet | |
| 2018 | Accident Man | Fran Adams | |
| 2019 | The Gentlemen | Ruby | Uncredited |
| 2022 | The Ledge | Kelly | Direct-to-video film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2003 | Sons and Lovers | Young Miriam | Television film |
| 2003 | Cold Feet | Sophie | Episode 5.1 |
| 2005 | Doctors | Jane Donnelly | Episode: "Disappearing Quietly" |
| 2007 | Blue Murder | Sarah Wray | Episode: "Make Believe" |
| 2008 | Mobile | Collette West | Episode: "The Boss" |
| 2009 | The Royal | Siobhan O'Grady | Episode: "Busman's Holiday" |
| 2022 | Industry | Diana | Episodes: "Daddy", "Jerusalem" |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result |
| 2017 | FilmQuest Cthulhu Trophy | Best Actress | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2017 | Hollywood Verge Film Awards | Best Actress | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2017 | Maverick Movie Awards | Best Actress | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2017 | New York City Horror Film Festival Awards | Best Actress | Hostile | Won |
| 2017 | Nightmares Film Festival Awards | Best Actress - Feature | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2017 | Nocturna Madrid International Fantastic Film Festival | Best Acting Award | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2017 | A Night of Horror International Film Festival Prize | Best Actress | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2017 | Fantastic Planet Film Festival Prize | Best Actress | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2017 | Other Worlds Austin SciFi Film Festival Cthulhie | Best Feature Actress | Hostile | Nominated |
| 2018 | Fantaspoa International Fantastic Film Festival Awards | Best Actress | Hostile | Nominated |
# Mochan (novel)

मोचन (Mochan) is a 2021 Nepali fiction by Tulasi Acharya. It was published in 2021 by Phoenix Books.

## Summary

This novel tells the story of a protagonist from Nepal whose married life fails to flourish in the US after he marries a woman in Nepal and brings her to America. Eventually, he leaves her and marries another woman upon returning to Nepal. It is a story about love, life, relationships, marriage, and divorce, exploring what happens when a marriage goes awry and the couple ends up quarreling every day. The novel portrays various dimensions of life's struggles through the lives of its characters, using metaphors to express both hope and despair.

## Reception

The book received positive responses from the critics, readers and reviewers, being discussed in many places.
Prakriti Sayami writes: "Mochan by Tulsi Acharya weaves together a captivating narrative that spans across two countries: Nepal and the United States. The novel explores themes of love, hate, romance, fantasy, the significance of sex in married life, endurance, patience, hardships, relationships, and conflicts".
Madhab Chamlagain writes: "The strength of the novel is the writer's capability to carry the reader with the narrator. From the very beginning, the reader forgets whether he is reading the author’s life or the life of the character Jeevan in the novel".
Arthik Awaj writes, "this is a good novel".
# Lately (Macy Gray song)

"Lately" is a song by the American soul singer Macy Gray. It is the first UK single from her fifth album The Sellout. The song was released on June 14, 2010, in the UK and the remixes EP followed on June 17, 2010. "Lately" was a success on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart, reaching the top ten.

## Promotion

Gray performed the song on Later... with Jools Holland on May 26, 2010.

## Critical reception

Entertainment Weekly's Simon Vozick-Levinson noted the song as one of its parent album's highlights, describing it as a "sleek disco cut."

## Track listing
### Remixes EP (released June 17, 2010)

* "Lately" (Cutmore Remix) – 6:49
* "Lately" (Nu Addiction Club Remix) – 6:40
* "Lately" (True Tiger Remix) – 4:12
* "Lately" (Sunship 2 Step Remix) – 4:48
* "Lately" (Bros Rise Remix) – 3:01
* "Lately" (Ruff Loaderz Club Remix) – 5:59
* " Lately" DJ Alexia (Alexia'Lately Remix)v- 3:40

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 75 |
| US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play | 8 |
# Jacques Monod (disambiguation)

Jacques Monod (1910–1976) is a French biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate.
Jacques Monod may also refer to:
* Jacques Monod (actor) (1918–1985), French actor
* Jacques-Louis Monod, American composer
# XO sex-determination system

The XO sex-determination system (sometimes referred to as X0 sex-determination system) is a system that some species of insects, arachnids, and mammals (not including humans) use to determine the sex of offspring. In this system, there is only one sex chromosome, referred to as X. Males only have one X chromosome (XO), while females have two (XX). The letter O (sometimes a zero) signifies the lack of a Y chromosome. Maternal gametes always contain an X chromosome, so the sex of the animals' offspring depends on whether a sex chromosome is present in the male gamete. Its sperm normally contains either one X chromosome or no sex chromosomes at all.
This system determines the sex of offspring among:
* Most arachnids with the exception of mites where a small majority are haplodiploid
* Almost all apterygote and Paleopteran insects (e.g., dragonflies, silverfish)
* Most exopterygote insects (e.g., grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches)
* Some nematodes, crustaceans, gastropod molluscs, and bony fish, notably in the genus Ancistrus
* Several mammals, including:
** A few species of bat, including the hammer-headed bat, Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat, Franquet's epauletted fruit bat, Peters's epauletted fruit bat, and Gambian epauletted fruit bat
** The Ryukyu spiny rat and Tokunoshima spiny rat
In a variant of this system, most individuals have two sex chromosomes (XX) and are hermaphroditic, producing both eggs and sperm with which they can fertilize themselves, while rare individuals are male and have only one sex chromosome (XO). The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans—a nematode frequently used in biological research—is one such organism.
Most spiders have a variation of the XO system in which males have two different X chromosomes (X$_1$X$_2$O), while females have a pair of X$_1$ chromosomes and a pair of X$_2$ chromosomes (X$_1$X$_1$X$_2$X$_2$). Some spiders have more complex systems involving as many as 13 different X chromosomes.
Some Drosophila species have XO males. These are thought to arise via the loss of the Y chromosome.
In humans the XO designation attaches to individuals with Turner syndrome.

## Evolution

XO sex determination can evolve from XY sex determination within about 2 million years. It typically evolves due to Y-chromosome degeneration. As the Y-chromosome is not paired (though see pseudoautosomal region), it is susceptible to decay by Muller's ratchet.
Similarly, the W chromosome in a ZW sex-determination system is susceptible to decay, resulting in a ZZ/ZO system.

## Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis with XO sex-determination can occur by different mechanisms to produce either male or female offspring.
# List of diplomatic missions in Transnistria

This article lists the diplomatic missions in Transnistria. Transnistria is a state with limited recognition, that broke away from Moldova after the War of Transnistria in 1992. Transnistria did not receive recognition from any UN member states. It has been recognized as independent state by Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia only. At present, the capital Tiraspol hosts no embassies, but two representative offices and one consulate.

## Embassies

Tiraspol
* none

## Representative offices

Tiraspol
* Abkhazia
* South Ossetia

## Consulates

Tiraspol
* Russia (Consular office)
# Luffia rebeli

Luffia rebeli is a moth of the Psychidae family. It is found on the Canary Islands.
The wingspan is 8–12 mm. The forewings are shining pale stone-grey, mottled with greyish fuscous. The hindwings are pale mouse-grey.
The larvae feed on lichen.
# Rodrigo Flores

Rodrigo Flores Álvarez (23 August 1913, in Santiago, Chile – 17 January 2007, in Santiago) was a Chilean engineer and chess master.

## Chess

Flores was Chilean Champion eleven times: 1931, 1935, 1938, 1941, 1944, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1956, 1961, and 1965.
He tied for 7-8th with Jacobo Bolbochán at Mar del Plata 1936 (Isaías Pleci won). In 1937, he won, ahead of René Letelier, in São Paulo (South American Chess Championship, Torneio Sulamericano). He took 8th in the Montevideo 1938 chess tournament (Alexander Alekhine won).
Rodrigo Flores played for Chile in three Chess Olympiads.
* In 1939, at second board in the 8th Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+4 –5 =9); His victory over Moshe Czerniak was praised by both José Raúl Capablanca and Alexander Alekhine, as well as his opponent.
* In 1950, at second board in the 9th Chess Olympiad in Dubrovnik (+6 –3 =6);
* In 1956, at first board in the 12th Chess Olympiad in Moscow (+2 –6 =9).
In 1949, he tied for 6-9th in Mar del Plata (Héctor Rossetto won). In 1951, he took 4th in Mar del Plata / Buenos Aires (zt; Erich Eliskases and Julio Bolbochán won). In 1959, he tied for 7-8th in Santiago (Borislav Ivkov and Luděk Pachman won). In 1960, he tied for 3rd-5th in São Paulo (zt; Bolbochán won). In 1961, he took 2nd, behind Eugênio German, in São Paulo (zt; playoff). In 1962, he took 2nd in Mar del Plata (Raimundo García won).

## Engineering

Rodrigo Flores was a civil engineer. He entered the Chilean Academy of Sciences in 1970. In 1993, he won the national prize offered by Colegio de Ingenieros de Chile.