# Gravesham

Gravesham (/ˈɡreɪvʃəm/ GRAYV-shəm) is a local government district with borough status in north-west Kent, England. The council is based in its largest town of Gravesend. The borough is indirectly named after Gravesend, using the form of the town's name as it appeared in the Domesday Book of 1086. The district also contains Northfleet and a number of villages and surrounding rural areas.
Parts of the borough lie within the Kent Downs, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The neighbouring districts are Dartford, Sevenoaks, Tonbridge and Malling, and Medway, plus Thurrock on the opposite side of the River Thames.
Gravesham is twinned with Cambrai in Hauts-de-France, France and Neumünster in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Gravesham parliamentary constituency covers the same area as the borough.

## History

The first borough in the area of modern Gravesham was "Gravesend and Milton", an ancient borough which had been incorporated in 1568 by Elizabeth I. The borough had been reformed in 1836 to become a municipal borough, at which point the name was changed to just "Gravesend".
The modern district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, covering the whole area of two former districts and parts of a third, which were all abolished at the same time:
* Gravesend Municipal Borough
* Northfleet Urban District
* Strood Rural District (parishes of Cobham, Higham, Luddesdown, Meopham and Shorne only, rest went to Medway)
The new district was named Gravesham, using the form of Gravesend's name which had appeared in the Domesday Book. The choice of name was not without criticism; Robert Heath Hiscock, chairman of the Gravesend Historical Society, in the foreword to his book, 'A History of Gravesend' (Phillimore, 1976) wrote:
    "The name Gravesham appears only in the Domesday Book, 1086, and was probably the error of a Norman scribe. It was 'Gravesend' in the Domesday Monarchorum c.1100, and 'Gravesende' in the Textus Roffensis c. 1100. It is strange that this "clerical error" should now have been adopted as the name of the new Council".
The district was granted borough status from its creation, allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor.

## Governance

Gravesham Borough Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Kent County Council. The more rural parts of the borough are also covered by civil parishes, which form a third tier of local government.

### Political control

The council has been under Labour majority control since the 2023 election.
The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities before coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows:
| Party in control | Years |
| Labour | 1974–1976 |
| Conservative | 1976–1987 |
| No overall control | 1987–1993 |
| Labour | 1993–2007 |
| Conservative | 2007–2011 |
| Labour | 2011–2015 |
| Conservative | 2015–2018 |
| No overall control | 2018–2019 |
| Labour | 2019–2021 |
| No overall control | 2021–2023 |
| Labour | 2023–present |

### Leadership

The role of mayor is largely ceremonial in Gravesham. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council. The leaders since 2003 have been:
| Councillor | Party | From | To |
| Rosemary Leadley | Labour | | 2003 |
| John Burden | Labour | 9 Dec 2003 | May 2007 |
| David Turner | Conservative | 15 May 2007 | 26 Jun 2007 |
| Mike Snelling | Conservative | 26 Jun 2007 | May 2011 |
| John Burden | Labour | 17 May 2011 | May 2015 |
| John Cubitt | Conservative | 19 May 2015 | Mar 2017 |
| David Turner | Conservative | 18 Apr 2017 | Aug 2018 |
| David Turner | Independent | Aug 2018 | May 2019 |
| John Burden | Labour | 16 May 2019 | |

### Composition

Following the 2023 election, the composition of the council was:
| Party | Party | Councillors |
| | Labour | 22 |
| | Conservative | 17 |
| Total | Total | 39 |
The next election is due in 2027.

### Elections

Since the last boundary changes in 2023, the council has comprised 39 councillors, representing 17 wards, with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years.
The wards are:
* Chalk
* Coldharbour and Perry Street
* Denton
* Higham and Shorne
* Istead Rise, Cobham and Luddesdown
* Meopham North
* Meopham South and Vigo
* Northfleet and Springhead
* Painters Ash
* Pelham
* Riverview Park
* Rosherville
* Singlewell
* Town
* Westcourt
* Whitehill and Windmill Hill
* Woodlands

### Premises

The council is based at Gravesham Civic Centre on Windmill Street in Gravesend, which had been built in 1966 for the old Gravesend Borough Council. The building was formally opened on 15 November 1968 by Katharine, Duchess of Kent.

## Housing and architecture

Housing varies from mid rise to low rise, particularly in the villages. The district has 12 buildings listed in the highest category of the national grading system, Grade I, three of which are private residences:
* Gadshill Place in Higham
* Luddesdown Court in Luddesdown
* Nurstead Court in Meopham
Cobham Hall, also in the highest architectural category, is a stately home which was formerly the seat of the Earls of Darnley: since 1965 it has been a private girls' school. Cobham Park is Grade II*-listed which is listed separately in the gardens and parklands category of classification approved by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport; and includes the remains of a Roman villa.
The other Grade I-listed buildings in the borough comprise its ancient parish churches.
Gravesham is home to the largest Sikh Gurdwara in Europe, Guru Nanak Darbar Gurdwara.

## Parishes

The borough includes six civil parishes, covering the more rural eastern and southern parts. The more urban north-west of the borough, roughly corresponding to the combined area of the former borough of Gravesend and urban district of Northfleet, is an unparished area. The parishes are:
* Cobham
* Higham
* Luddesdown
* Meopham
* Shorne
* Vigo