OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aleksandr Kozhukhov

Aleksandr Borisovich Kozhukhov (Russian: Александр Борисович Кожухов; 3 June 1942 – 4 September 2008) was "The USSR Merited Master of Sports", "The Merited Coach of the USSR national handball team", and the "USSR Merited Figure of Physical Culture". He was a Russian, Soviet handball player, who became president of the USSR Handball Federation (1990–1992) and a president of the Handball Union of Russia (1992–2004) before being the Honorary President of the Handball Union of Russia (2004–2008).

## Life and career

Kozhukhov was born in Shubarkuduk village of Aktobe Province of modern Kazakhstan. He started his handball career in 1957 as an amateur player, then he was invited to join Avangard L'vov a second division handball team in the USSR Handball Championship.
Aleksandr stayed for eleven years in Lvov city of modern Ukraine playing for Avangard Lvov and SKA Lvov before he moved to MIA Moscow in 1968 where he started a career, winning the USSR Handball Championship for five times.
In 1967 Kozhukhov was called up to the national team when he made his first appearance during the Military Spartakiad of the Friendly Armies of the Socialist Countries and a third-place finish for the USSR. He also participated in the 1970 World Men's Handball Championship in France, finishing ninth, coming third in the group stage after Sweden and East Germany.
Kozhukhov retired in 1977 and became the head coach for the USSR handball national team.
Aleksandr remained as the USSR handball national team head coach until 1992 even after he was elected by the Congress of the Handball Union of the USSR to be the president of the Union until the dissolution of the USSR. In 1992 the second conference of the Handball Union of Russia was held in Volgograd, and Sasha was elected the first president of the Handball Union of the independat Russian Federation following Vladimir Maksimov the president of the Handball Union of RSFSR. In 1993 Sasha became a member of the Executive Committee of the Russian Olympic Committee, till he finally became the Honorary President of the Handball Union of Russia in 2004.
Kozhukhov died in 2008.

## Honours
### MIA Moscow

* Champions of the USSR Handball Championship: 1968, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1975

### USSR

* Champion of the Trade Unions Spartakiade in 1969
* Bronze medal of the Military Spartakiade of Friendly Armies of Socialist Countries in 1967

### HUR President

* IHF Ring of Honour
* Silver Olympic Order
* Hans Baumann Trophy in 2002

### Individual

* Medal "For Distinguished Labour" (Russian: За трудовое отличие)
* Medal "For Labour Valour" (Russian: За трудовую доблесть)
* Order of the Badge of Honor (Russian: Орден "Знак Почета")
* Order of Honour (Russian: Орден "Почета")
* Order For Merit to the Fatherland (4th Class) (Russian: Орден "За заслуги перед Отечеством" - 4 степени)
# Seconda Categoria

The Seconda Categoria is the 8th level (since 2014–15) in the Italian football league system. Each individual league winner within the Seconda Categoria level progresses to their closest regional league in the Prima Categoria level. Depending on each league's local rules, a number of teams each year are relegated from each league, to the 9th level of Italian football, the Terza Categoria.
This level of Italian football is completely amateur and is run on a regional level by a Regional Committee (Comitato Regionale).
The top-placed teams in each group move to the Prima Categoria, while the last-place finisher drops to the Terza Categoria. Play-offs and play-outs are expected to be held, usually on the condition that there are no gaps of no more than 7 points.
In all Seconda Categoria matches, except in cases of absolute necessity, the competent technical body of the Italian Referees Association, often the OTS, designates only the referee. The role of assistant referee is covered by a member of each of the clubs participating in the match. Only in some events and tournaments, especially the semi-finals and finals, does the competent technical body also designate the federal assistants and, sometimes, even the fourth official. Feedback

## History

In the past, from 1904 since 1912, had been the 2nd level of Italian local regional tournaments in which main teams used to field apprentices and reserves. New teams entering F.I.F. (Italian Football Federation, was the old name of Italian Football Federation (F.I.G.C.) until 1909) were added to this championships.
In February 1912 in Turin some F.I.G.C. Federal counsellors started elaborating a new rule introducing promotions and relegations from Seconda Categoria to Prima Categoria. This new rule was set during the July 1912 federal annual meeting so that this category changed name into Promozione because winning teams were awarded "promotion" to upper level.
This category name too was given to the second level of youth tournaments in 1919 when created by a new local and independent federation called U.L.I.C. (Unione Libera Italiana del Calcio) which was set in Milan in 1917. Later entered the main Italian federation system F.I.G.C. in 1927 and had been in use up to 1947 at local committees. Despite Regional F.I.G.C. championships and tournaments U.L.I.C. was birth date limited (not yet 21 years' old).
Unused for a long time by the F.I.G.C. just because most of lower federal categories got another name (Division), got back in 1959 because of birth of the "Amateur League" (Italian: Lega Nazionale Dilettanti) and all "Divisions" (Divisioni in Italian) were converted into "Categories" (Categorie in Italian) and First Division (Prima Divisione) become Seconda Categoria.
With the reform of the Lega Pro before the 2014–2015 season in which the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and Lega Pro Seconda Divisione were unified restoring Serie C as the new third national level, the championship became the eighth national level, but remained the fourth highest regional competition.
# Carmine Recano

Carmine Recano (born 28 November 1980) is an Italian actor.

## Biography

Carmine Recano was born in Naples and raised in the working-class district of Secondigliano.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1999 | Un nuovo giorno | Roberto |
| 2001 | The Ignorant Fairies | Israele |
| 2001 | Terrarossa | Filippo |
| 2002 | La vita degli altri | Salvatore |
| 2002 | Pesi leggeri | Nino |
| 2003 | Three-Step Dance | Luca |
| 2003 | I cinghiali di Portici | Antimo |
| 2004 | A Children's Story | Damiano |
| 2008 | A Perfect Day | Poliziotto |
| 2010 | Loose Cannons | Marco |
| 2011 | Tatanka | Rosario |
| 2012 | Faccia d'angelo | Ispettore Bruno Ricci |
| 2014 | The Price of Crime | Gennaro Cavani |
| 2014 | La strada dritta | Gaetano De Angelis |
| 2017 | Naples in Veils | Domenico |
| 2018 | Anche senza di te | Luca |
| 2019 | The Goddess of Fortune | Doctor |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | Don Matteo | Marco Baldini | 1 episode |
| 2002 | Un posto al sole | Ciro Gambardella | 1 episode |
| 2003–05 | Sospetti | Ridge | 9 episodes |
| 2006 | Orgoglio | | 1 episode |
| 2006 | Crimini | | 1 episode |
| 2006–08 | Capri | Carmelo | 2 episodes |
| 2007 | Gente di mare | | 1 episode |
| 2008 | Carabinieri | | 1 episode |
| 2008 | Provaci ancora prof! | Renato Aiello | 1 episode |
| 2013 | Il clan dei camorristi | Antonio Ruggero | 3 episodes |
| 2014 | Gli anni spezzati | Luca Varesi | 1 episode |
| 2017 | Amore pensaci tu | Jacopo La Neve | 20 episodes |
| 2019–23 | La porta rossa | Federico Testa | |
| 2020–23 | The Sea Beyond | Massimo Valenti | 8 episodes |
| 2022 | Sopravvissuti | Ivan De Santis | 2 episodes |
# Margarita Darbinyan

Margarita Darbinyan-Melikyan (Armenian: Մարգարիտա Դարբինյան-Մելիքյան; 18 March 1920 – 9 March 2021) was an Armenian historian and translator.

## Biography

Margarita Darbinyan was born on March 18, 1920, in Batum, Georgian SSR. Her father was an Armenian Catholic, and her mother a Polish Catholic. Both of her parents knew Russian, but neither spoke each other's native languages of Armenian and Polish. Margarita was raised speaking Russian at home, learning Armenian through Classical Armenian. In 1941, Margarita Darbinyan graduated from the Moscow Pedagogical Institute. Returning to Armenia, she was appointed to work in Chibukhlu (now Tsovagyugh). In 1951, she began teaching at the Yerevan Institute of Russian and Foreign Languages, becoming a senior researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies in 1958, and at Matenadaran in 1959.
Margarita studied and translated the primary sources of Armenian historiography from Classical Armenian into Russian and made references. She compiled the original text of Tovma Artsruni's book History of the House of Artsruni and wrote the foreword and references. She made translations into Armenian from several languages including Persian, German, English, French, Italian, and Arabic.
Darbinyan died in Yerevan on 9 March 2021, aged 100.
# Hundred and Four

The Hundred and Four, or Council of 104 (Phoenician miat, from mia "hundred", Ancient Greek: Εκατόν, Latin: Ordo judicum), was a Carthaginian tribunal of judges. They were created early in Carthage's history, and are described in Aristotle's Politics (4th century BC) as "the highest constitutional authority." The Hundred and Four were in charge of judging generals and the military, who exercised a great deal of independence from the government in Carthage. The Hundred and Four were intended to provide a check to ensure the military served the needs of the senate and the people. However, by the time of Hannibal, and his stint as Suffet (early 2nd century BC), the 104 had acquired tyrannical power.
   “By the old constitution, the Senate had the right to control the magistrates; but this new body of judges controlled the Senate, and therefore, in reality, the magistrates also. Nor was it content to control the Senate; it practically superseded it... No Shofete, no Senator, no general, was exempt from their irresponsible despotism. The Shofetes presided, the senators deliberated, the generals fought, as it were, with a halter around their necks. The sentences passed by the Hundred, if they were often deserved, were often also, like those of the dreaded “Ten” at Venice, to whom they bore a striking resemblance, arbitrary and cruel.”
By leading a populist reform movement—including substituting annual rotation in office for the life tenure formerly enjoyed by the 104—Hannibal managed to restore a measure of popular rule. Until Hannibal's reforms the Hundred and Four held their position for life. During Hannibal's term as Suffett he used popular support to change the term to a year and to add a term limit of two years.

## Endnotes

* ↑ R. Bosworth Smith, Carthage and the Carthaginians (Longmans, Green, & Co., 1913), p. 24 CF. Justin 19.2.5; Aristotle, The Politics 2.11.
* ↑ Justin 19.2.5 and Livy 33.46.4; Serge Lancel, Carthage: A History (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1995), pp. 114-16, 403; Gilbert & Colette Picard, The Life & Death of Carthage, tr. Dominique Collon (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1968), pp. 141-46; B.H. Warmington, Carthage (London: Robert Hale Limited, 1960), p. 196
# Maja Sacher

Maja Sacher (7 August 1896 – 8 August 1989) was a Swiss art collector and philanthropist.

## Early life and education

She was born in 1896 to the architect Fritz Stehlin and Helene von Bavier. She studied sculpture in Munich and was taught by Antoine Bourdelle in Paris. In 1921 she married Emanuel Hoffmann, with whom she first lived in Paris and from 1925 in Brussels. In Paris, but also in Brussels, the two became part of the artistic community and bought paintings from Max Ernst, Paul Klee and Marc Chagall amongst others. In 1930 the family moved to Basel where Emanuel Hoffmann became the vice director of the family owned Hoffmann-La Roche. In Basel, the two became influential figures of the local cultural life. Her husband Emanuel died in 1932 in a serious car accident following which Maja Hoffmann founded the Emanuel Hoffmann Foundation in 1933. The Foundation was established to support the contemporary arts and their artists.

## Philanthropy

She married the conductor Paul Sacher in 1934 with whom she kept on expanding the art collection. In 1936 they moved to a house she designed herself in the countryside of Pratteln. She acted as president of the foundation and was the first woman member of the art commission of the Kunstmuseum in Basel between 1940 and 1964. In 1941 she donated the collection of the Emanuel Hoffmann Foundation to the Kunstmuseum Basel as a permanent deposit. Together with Paul Sacher, she expanded the collection with works of Joseph Beuys, Mark Rothko, Alberto Ciacometti and Alexander Calder. In 1980 she donated the at the time first Museum for contemporary art, which is today a part of the Kunstmuseum in Basel.
# College of Biomedical Technology Niigata University

College of Biomedical Technology Niigata University (新潟大学医療技術短期大学部, Niigata Daigaku Iryō　Gijutsu Tanki Daigakubu) is a National junior college in Niigata, Niigata, Japan.

## History

* 1974, Junior College was set up.
* 1999, Registration of student was ended in this year.
* 2003, Junior College was discontinued.

## Names of Academic department

* Nursing studies
* technology studies
* Medical laboratory studies

## Advanced course

* Midwifery studies
# Chrysomyza sericea

Chrysomyza sericea is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Chrysomyza of the family Tephritidae.
# Simrik Airlines

Simrik Airlines Pvt. Ltd. was an airline based in Kathmandu, Nepal operating domestic scheduled flights from its base at Tribhuvan International Airport. It was the partner company of Simrik Air, a Nepalese helicopter airline operating four helicopters. It ceased operations in 2021, when it was rebranded as Guna Airlines.

## History

The airline was founded in 2009 from the remainders of ill-fated Guna Airlines, which it acquired for NRs 350 million, after latter ceased trading due to financial difficulties. Simrik Airlines used the Brand of Guna for some more time before renaming and repainting the two Beechcraft 1900 aircraft, that were previously operated by Guna Airlines. On 23 October 2013, Simrik Airlines signed a contract with Agni Air leasing five aircraft of Agni Air, three BAe Jetstream 41 and two Dornier 228, after the airline's planes had been grounded since mid-November 2012, as the airline was affected by severe debts. After selling the two Dornier 228s in mid-2017, Simrik Airlines was left with only two functioning planes, as the Jetstream planes of former Agni Air continued to be grounded.
In August 2019, Simrik Airlines was forced to halt operations by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, who found that the airline was using "substandard spare parts". One month later, the Civil Aviation Authority granted flight permission again.
In 2020, first reports appeared stating that Guna Airlines would be reestablished, discontinuing the brand Simrik Airlines. In early 2021, the airline announced that it would buy five BAe Jetstream 41 from Yeti Airlines to restart operation under the brand name Guna Airlines, discontinuing Simrik Airlines.
On 16 September 2021, operations of Guna Air began again with regular flights from Kathmandu to Pokhara and Bharatpur, discontinuing the brand Simrik Airlines.

## Destinations

Simrik Airlines operated flights to the three destinations from Kathmandu Airport at the time of closure in 2021:
| Destination | Airport | Notes |
| Bhairahawa | Gautam Buddha Airport | |
| Bharatpur | Bharatpur Airport | |
| Jomsom | Jomsom Airport | Terminated |
| Kathmandu | Tribhuvan International Airport | Hub |
| Lukla | Tenzing-Hillary Airport | Terminated |
| Pokhara | Pokhara Airport | |
| Simara | Simara Airport | Terminated |
| Simikot | Simikot Airport | Terminated |
| Tumlingtar | Tumlingtar Airport | Terminated |
The airline also offered daily sightseeing mountain flights from Kathmandu. The flights departed in the early morning hours and returned to the airport one hour later.

## Fleet

At the time of closure, Simrik Airlines operated the following aircraft:
Simrik Airlines Former Fleet :
| Aircraft (in Fleet) | Introduction | Exit from service | Notes |
| Dornier 228 (2) | 2013 | 2017 | Leased from Agni Air, sold to Sita Air |

## Accidents and incidents

* On April 10, 2015, the nose wheel tyre of the landing gear of a Simrik Airlines Dornier 228 was punctured upon landing at Lukla Airport. There were no casualties reported. The incident occurred at 10:00 am and the runway was reopened at 1:00 pm.
# Left Front (magazine)

Left Front Magazine (1933-1935) was an American magazine published by the Chicago chapter of the John Reed Club, itself a Marxist club for writers, artists, and intellectuals, named after the American journalist, activist, and poet, John Reed. The magazine is most famous for being a major early publishing venue of American author Richard Wright.

## Richard Wright

In 1933, Richard Wright joined the Chicago chapter of the John Reed Club at the urging of friend Abraham Aaron. The same year, he is elected executive secretary of the chapter and founded Left Front. By early 1934, Wright began writing poetry for the chapter's magazine, Left Front. He published poems "A Red Love Note" and "Rest for the Weary" in the January–February 1934 issue and became co-editor of the magazine at the same time. "Everywhere Burning Waters Rise" appeared in the May–June 1934 issue of Left Front.

## Demise

While some sources say the CPUSA shut down the magazine in 1935, its demise most likely came in August 1934 during a Midwest Writers Congress, when publisher Alexander Trachtenberg proposed replacement of the John Reed Club with a new (i.e., Party-sanctioned) organization called the First American Writers Congress.
# Laliyad

Laliyad (or Laliad) is a village and former non-salute Rajput princely state on the Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India.

## History

The petty princely state, in Jhalawar prant, was ruled by Jhala Rajput Chieftains. In 1901 it comprised only the village, with a population of 755, yielding 6,000 Rupees state revenue (1903-4, only from land), paying 362 Rupees tribute, to the British.
# Andean passport

The Andean passport is a passport for South American countries that are members of the Andean Community of Nations (ACN).

## Origin and use

The Andean passport was created in June 2001 pursuant to ACN Decisión 504. This passport is based on a standard model containing harmonised features of nomenclature and security based on the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The member states of the ACN agreed to phase in new Andean passports bearing the official name of the regional body in Spanish by January 2005, although previously issued national passports will be valid until their expiry date.
The passport is effective in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and formerly, in Venezuela. Because Venezuela left the ACN in 2006, the country no longer issues Andean passports, and it is most likely to start issuing a new MERCOSUR-style passport as the country became a full member of that organization. Venezuelan ACN passports issued are valid until its expiration date. The last Venezuelan ACN passports were more likely to expire between 2011 and 2012.

## Basic features

The Andean passport features:
* a passbook type format with rounded edges measuring 88 millimetres (3.5 in) by 125 millimetres (4.9 in).
* a cover and back cover in “bordeaux” color.
* legends printed in gold color.
* Above the national seal of the issuing country, the cover has the legend "COMUNIDAD ANDINA", which is centered and printed in larger fonts. Below the seal is printed the official name of the member country.
* the bottom of the cover has the word "PASAPORTE" (Spanish), with "PASSPORT" (English) immediately below in smaller type.

## Gallery of Andean passports

* Bolivian passport
* Peruvian passport
* Colombian Passport
# 1982 Hillingdon London Borough Council election

The 1982 Hillingdon Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Hillingdon London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.

## Ward results
### Barnhill

Barnhill (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Botwell

Botwell (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Bourne

Bourne (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Cavendish

Cavendish (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Charville

Charville (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Colham

Colham (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Cowley

Cowley (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Crane

Crane (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Deansfield

Deansfield (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Eastcote

Eastcote (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Harefield

Harefield (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Harlington

Harlington (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Heathrow

Heathrow (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Hillingdon East

Hillingdon East (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Hillingdon North

Hillingdon North (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Hillingdon West

Hillingdon West (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Ickenham

Ickenham (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Manor

Manor (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Northwood

Northwood (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Northwood Hills

Northwood Hills (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Ruislip

Ruislip (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### St Martins

St Martins (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Townfield

Townfield (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Uxbridge North

Uxbridge North (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Uxbridge South

Uxbridge South (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### West Drayton

West Drayton (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Wood End

Wood End (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Yeading

Yeading (3) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |

### Yiewsley

Yiewsley (2) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |