# 1988 United States presidential election in Michigan

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
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1996Proposal E
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vte :
The 1988 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia participated in the 1988 United States presidential election. Voters chose 20 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Michigan was won by incumbent United States vice president George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana senator Dan Quayle as vice president, and Dukakis ran with Texas senator Lloyd Bentsen.
Michigan weighed in for this election as 0.1% more Republican than the national average. This was the last time Michigan voted Republican until Donald Trump's plurality win in 2016, and remains the last time that a Republican won a majority of the vote in the state.
Typical for elections in the 1980s, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan turned out mainly Democratic, and the Lower Peninsula turned out mainly Republican, with the notable exception of Detroit's highly populated Wayne County, which voted mainly Democratic. As of the 2024, this is the last election in which Ingham County and Kalamazoo County voted for a Republican presidential candidate. This was the last time that Michigan voted to the right of neighboring Wisconsin, that Muskegon County voted Republican, and that the Lower Peninsula voted Republican until 2024. As of 2024, this is also the last time Michigan was the most Republican-leaning of the three Rust Belt swing states (also consisting of Wisconsin and Pennsylvania).

## Results

1988 United States presidential election in Michigan :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
| | Republican | George H. W. Bush | 1,965,486 | 53.57% | 20 |
| | Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 1,675,783 | 45.67% | 0 |
| | Libertarian | Ron Paul | 18,336 | 0.50% | 0 |
| | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 2,513 | 0.07% | 0 |
| | Minnesota Progressive Party | Eugene McCarthy | 2,497 | 0.07% | 0 |
| | Socialist Equality Party | Edward Winn | 1,958 | 0.05% | 0 |
| | Write-Ins | | 902 | 0.02% | 0 |
| | Socialist Workers Party | James Warren | 819 | 0.02% | 0 |
| | Workers World | Larry Holmes | 804 | 0.02% | 0 |
| | America First | David Duke | 60 | >0.01% | 0 |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 3,669,158 | 100.0% | 20 |

### Results by county

| County | George H.W. Bush Republican | George H.W. Bush Republican | Michael Dukakis Democratic | Michael Dukakis Democratic | Various candidates Other parties | Various candidates Other parties | Margin | Margin | Total votes cast |
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | Total votes cast |
| Alcona | 2,966 | 60.47% | 1,918 | 39.10% | 21 | 0.43% | 1,048 | 21.37% | 4,905 |
| Alger | 1,830 | 45.08% | 2,210 | 54.45% | 19 | 0.47% | -380 | -9.37% | 4,059 |
| Allegan | 22,163 | 66.78% | 10,785 | 32.50% | 240 | 0.72% | 11,378 | 34.28% | 33,188 |
| Alpena | 6,664 | 51.05% | 6,341 | 48.58% | 49 | 0.38% | 323 | 2.47% | 13,054 |
| Antrim | 5,231 | 61.95% | 3,159 | 37.41% | 54 | 0.64% | 2,072 | 24.54% | 8,444 |
| Arenac | 3,064 | 48.63% | 3,211 | 50.97% | 25 | 0.40% | -147 | -2.34% | 6,300 |
| Baraga | 1,630 | 47.88% | 1,753 | 51.50% | 21 | 0.62% | -123 | -3.62% | 3,404 |
| Barry | 12,546 | 60.66% | 7,983 | 38.60% | 152 | 0.73% | 4,563 | 22.06% | 20,681 |
| Bay | 20,710 | 42.13% | 28,225 | 57.42% | 217 | 0.44% | -7,515 | -15.29% | 49,152 |
| Benzie | 3,240 | 56.52% | 2,437 | 42.52% | 55 | 0.96% | 803 | 14.00% | 5,732 |
| Berrien | 37,799 | 62.81% | 21,948 | 36.47% | 436 | 0.72% | 15,851 | 26.34% | 60,183 |
| Branch | 9,225 | 63.48% | 5,231 | 36.00% | 75 | 0.52% | 3,994 | 27.48% | 14,531 |
| Calhoun | 26,771 | 53.77% | 22,717 | 45.63% | 299 | 0.60% | 4,054 | 8.14% | 49,787 |
| Cass | 10,229 | 57.61% | 7,444 | 41.92% | 83 | 0.47% | 2,785 | 15.69% | 17,756 |
| Charlevoix | 5,802 | 59.43% | 3,875 | 39.69% | 85 | 0.87% | 1,927 | 19.74% | 9,762 |
| Cheboygan | 5,395 | 57.52% | 3,943 | 42.04% | 42 | 0.45% | 1,452 | 15.48% | 9,380 |
| Chippewa | 6,786 | 56.23% | 5,222 | 43.27% | 60 | 0.50% | 1,564 | 12.96% | 12,068 |
| Clare | 5,661 | 54.18% | 4,710 | 45.08% | 77 | 0.74% | 951 | 9.10% | 10,448 |
| Clinton | 15,497 | 62.39% | 9,225 | 37.14% | 115 | 0.46% | 6,272 | 25.25% | 24,837 |
| Crawford | 3,097 | 62.28% | 1,825 | 36.70% | 51 | 1.03% | 1,272 | 25.58% | 4,973 |
| Delta | 7,114 | 44.28% | 8,891 | 55.34% | 60 | 0.37% | -1,777 | -11.06% | 16,065 |
| Dickinson | 6,158 | 49.89% | 6,129 | 49.66% | 56 | 0.45% | 29 | 0.23% | 12,343 |
| Eaton | 24,193 | 60.78% | 15,322 | 38.49% | 291 | 0.73% | 8,871 | 22.29% | 39,806 |
| Emmet | 7,105 | 62.40% | 4,170 | 36.62% | 111 | 0.97% | 2,935 | 25.78% | 11,386 |
| Genesee | 70,922 | 40.10% | 104,880 | 59.30% | 1,057 | 0.60% | -33,958 | -19.20% | 176,859 |
| Gladwin | 4,746 | 52.83% | 4,164 | 46.35% | 73 | 0.81% | 582 | 6.48% | 8,983 |
| Gogebic | 3,509 | 40.38% | 5,151 | 59.27% | 31 | 0.36% | -1,642 | -18.89% | 8,691 |
| Grand Traverse | 17,191 | 62.46% | 10,098 | 36.69% | 236 | 0.86% | 7,093 | 25.77% | 27,525 |
| Gratiot | 8,447 | 59.36% | 5,719 | 40.19% | 64 | 0.45% | 2,728 | 19.17% | 14,230 |
| Hillsdale | 10,571 | 68.29% | 4,763 | 30.77% | 145 | 0.94% | 5,808 | 37.52% | 15,479 |
| Houghton | 7,098 | 51.83% | 6,510 | 47.54% | 86 | 0.63% | 588 | 4.29% | 13,694 |
| Huron | 9,419 | 61.91% | 5,714 | 37.56% | 81 | 0.53% | 3,705 | 24.35% | 15,214 |
| Ingham | 58,363 | 50.56% | 55,984 | 48.50% | 1,088 | 0.94% | 2,379 | 2.06% | 115,435 |
| Ionia | 12,028 | 59.05% | 8,160 | 40.06% | 181 | 0.89% | 3,868 | 18.99% | 20,369 |
| Iosco | 7,234 | 59.17% | 4,929 | 40.32% | 62 | 0.51% | 2,305 | 18.85% | 12,225 |
| Iron | 2,866 | 42.94% | 3,774 | 56.55% | 34 | 0.51% | -908 | -13.61% | 6,674 |
| Isabella | 10,362 | 56.07% | 7,960 | 43.07% | 160 | 0.87% | 2,402 | 13.00% | 18,482 |
| Jackson | 33,885 | 60.37% | 21,865 | 38.96% | 377 | 0.67% | 12,020 | 21.41% | 56,127 |
| Kalamazoo | 50,205 | 55.64% | 39,457 | 43.73% | 573 | 0.64% | 10,748 | 11.91% | 90,235 |
| Kalkaska | 3,369 | 61.21% | 2,092 | 38.01% | 43 | 0.78% | 1,277 | 23.20% | 5,504 |
| Kent | 131,910 | 63.77% | 73,467 | 35.52% | 1,465 | 0.71% | 58,443 | 28.25% | 206,842 |
| Keweenaw | 536 | 45.81% | 631 | 53.93% | 3 | 0.26% | -95 | -8.12% | 1,170 |
| Lake | 1,713 | 46.32% | 1,958 | 52.95% | 27 | 0.73% | -245 | -6.63% | 3,698 |
| Lapeer | 16,670 | 60.19% | 10,736 | 38.76% | 291 | 1.05% | 5,934 | 21.43% | 27,697 |
| Leelanau | 5,215 | 60.51% | 3,331 | 38.65% | 73 | 0.85% | 1,884 | 21.86% | 8,619 |
| Lenawee | 19,115 | 57.84% | 13,690 | 41.42% | 243 | 0.74% | 5,425 | 16.42% | 33,048 |
| Livingston | 31,331 | 68.79% | 13,749 | 30.19% | 466 | 1.02% | 17,582 | 38.60% | 45,546 |
| Luce | 1,528 | 63.22% | 864 | 35.75% | 25 | 1.03% | 664 | 27.47% | 2,417 |
| Mackinac | 3,127 | 59.65% | 2,093 | 39.93% | 22 | 0.42% | 1,034 | 19.72% | 5,242 |
| Macomb | 175,632 | 60.33% | 112,856 | 38.77% | 2,627 | 0.90% | 62,776 | 21.56% | 291,115 |
| Manistee | 5,368 | 52.58% | 4,765 | 46.67% | 77 | 0.75% | 603 | 5.91% | 10,210 |
| Marquette | 11,704 | 42.92% | 15,418 | 56.54% | 145 | 0.53% | -3,714 | -13.62% | 27,267 |
| Mason | 6,800 | 59.58% | 4,531 | 39.70% | 82 | 0.72% | 2,269 | 19.88% | 11,413 |
| Mecosta | 8,181 | 63.02% | 4,736 | 36.48% | 64 | 0.49% | 3,445 | 26.54% | 12,981 |
| Menominee | 5,440 | 52.28% | 4,918 | 47.26% | 48 | 0.46% | 522 | 5.02% | 10,406 |
| Midland | 19,994 | 59.12% | 13,452 | 39.78% | 371 | 1.10% | 6,542 | 19.34% | 33,817 |
| Missaukee | 3,566 | 68.26% | 1,621 | 31.03% | 37 | 0.71% | 1,945 | 37.23% | 5,224 |
| Monroe | 26,189 | 54.19% | 21,847 | 45.21% | 288 | 0.60% | 4,342 | 8.98% | 48,324 |
| Montcalm | 10,963 | 58.46% | 7,664 | 40.87% | 127 | 0.68% | 3,299 | 17.59% | 18,754 |
| Montmorency | 2,514 | 61.32% | 1,563 | 38.12% | 23 | 0.56% | 951 | 23.20% | 4,100 |
| Muskegon | 33,567 | 53.36% | 28,977 | 46.06% | 363 | 0.58% | 4,590 | 7.30% | 62,907 |
| Newaygo | 9,896 | 64.32% | 5,389 | 35.03% | 100 | 0.65% | 4,507 | 29.29% | 15,385 |
| Oakland | 283,359 | 61.27% | 174,745 | 37.78% | 4,384 | 0.95% | 108,614 | 23.49% | 462,488 |
| Oceana | 5,693 | 62.46% | 3,356 | 36.82% | 65 | 0.71% | 2,337 | 25.64% | 9,114 |
| Ogemaw | 4,091 | 50.20% | 4,012 | 49.23% | 47 | 0.58% | 79 | 0.97% | 8,150 |
| Ontonagon | 2,023 | 44.34% | 2,517 | 55.17% | 22 | 0.48% | -494 | -10.83% | 4,562 |
| Osceola | 5,218 | 64.25% | 2,860 | 35.22% | 43 | 0.53% | 2,358 | 29.03% | 8,121 |
| Oscoda | 1,972 | 62.27% | 1,170 | 36.94% | 25 | 0.79% | 802 | 25.33% | 3,167 |
| Otsego | 4,620 | 63.31% | 2,635 | 36.11% | 43 | 0.59% | 1,985 | 27.20% | 7,298 |
| Ottawa | 61,515 | 76.20% | 18,769 | 23.25% | 445 | 0.55% | 42,746 | 52.95% | 80,729 |
| Presque Isle | 3,614 | 54.11% | 3,025 | 45.29% | 40 | 0.60% | 589 | 8.82% | 6,679 |
| Roscommon | 5,866 | 56.93% | 4,394 | 42.65% | 43 | 0.42% | 1,472 | 14.28% | 10,303 |
| Saginaw | 42,401 | 47.88% | 45,616 | 51.51% | 549 | 0.62% | -3,215 | -3.63% | 88,566 |
| Sanilac | 10,653 | 65.73% | 5,445 | 33.60% | 109 | 0.67% | 5,208 | 32.13% | 16,207 |
| Schoolcraft | 1,802 | 46.37% | 2,071 | 53.29% | 13 | 0.33% | -269 | -6.92% | 3,886 |
| Shiawassee | 15,506 | 53.94% | 13,056 | 45.42% | 186 | 0.65% | 2,450 | 8.52% | 28,748 |
| St. Clair | 32,336 | 60.26% | 20,909 | 38.97% | 413 | 0.77% | 11,427 | 21.29% | 53,658 |
| St. Joseph | 13,084 | 64.79% | 7,017 | 34.74% | 95 | 0.47% | 6,067 | 30.05% | 20,196 |
| Tuscola | 12,093 | 56.90% | 9,060 | 42.63% | 101 | 0.48% | 3,033 | 14.27% | 21,254 |
| Van Buren | 14,522 | 57.17% | 10,668 | 42.00% | 210 | 0.83% | 3,854 | 15.17% | 25,400 |
| Washtenaw | 55,029 | 46.67% | 61,799 | 52.41% | 1,092 | 0.93% | -6,770 | -5.74% | 117,920 |
| Wayne | 291,996 | 39.03% | 450,222 | 60.18% | 5,938 | 0.79% | -158,226 | -21.15% | 748,156 |
| Wexford | 6,043 | 58.07% | 4,287 | 41.20% | 76 | 0.73% | 1,756 | 16.87% | 10,406 |
| Totals | 1,965,486 | 53.57% | 1,675,783 | 45.67% | 27,894 | 0.76% | 289,703 | 7.90% | 3,669,163 |

#### Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

* Alger
* Arenac
* Baraga
* Bay
* Delta
* Genesee
* Lake
* Marquette
* Ontonagon
* Saginaw
* Schoolcraft
* Washtenaw