# Constanța County

Constanța (Romanian pronunciation: ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța.

## Demographics

In 2021, it had a population of 655,997 and the population density was 92/km$^2$. The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) than the Romanian average. In recent years the population trend is:
| Year | County population |
| 1948 | 311,062 |
| 1956 | 369,940 |
| 1966 | 465,752 |
| 1977 | 608,817 |
| 1992 | 748,044 |
| 2002 | 715,151 |
| 2011 | 684,082 |
| 2021 | 655,997 |
The majority of the population are Orthodox Romanians. There are important communities of Muslim Turks and Tatars, remnants of the time of Ottoman rule. Currently the region is the centre of the Muslim minority in Romania. A great number of Aromanians have migrated to Dobruja in the last century, and they consider themselves a cultural minority rather than an ethnic minority. There are also Romani.
| Ethnicity | 1880 | 2002 | 2011 | 2021 |
| Total | 64,902 | 715,151 | 630,679 | 655,997 |
| Romanian | 14,884 (23%) | 652,777 (91%) | 570,754 (83.43%) | 504,344 (76.88%) |
| Tatar | 22,854 (35%) | 23,230 (3.2%) | 19,601 (2.87%) | 16,918 (2.58%) |
| Turkish | 14,947 (23%) | 24,246 (3.4%) | 20,826 (3.04%) | 16,121 (2.46%) |
| Roma | <100 (<0.1%) | 6,023 (0.84%) | 8,554 (1.25%) | 6,593 (1.01%) |
| Lipovan | | 5,273 (0.74%) | 3,568 (0.52%) | 4,084 (0.62%) |
| Hungarian | | 921 (0.13%) | 450 (0.07%) | 313 (0.05%) |
| Greek | 2,607 (4%) | 590 (0.08%) | 266 (0.04%) | 232 (0.04%) |
| Bulgarian | 7,919 (12%) | 74 (0.01%) | 35 (0.01%) | 72 (0.01%) |
| Others | | 2,017 (0.28%) | 6,625 (1.05%) | 107,320 (16.35%) |

## Geography

* Călărași County and Ialomița County are to the west.
* Tulcea County and Brăila County are to the north.
* Bulgaria (Dobrich Province and Silistra Province) are to the south.

## Economy

The predominant industries in the county are:
* Tourism
* Chemicals and petrochemicals
* Food and beverages
* Textiles
* Shipbuilding
* Construction materials
* Mechanical components
* Paper
Agriculture is an important part in the county's economy, with Constanța being the county with the largest irrigation systems in the country (more than 4,300 km$^2$ before 1989, now greatly reduced), cereals being the most important products. Also, the county is famous for its wines from the Murfatlar region.
At Cernavodă there is a nuclear power plant with two reactors, each of the CANDU type of Canadian design. The plant covers over 15% of the country's power demand.
The Port of Constanța is the largest port in Romania, the most important of the Black Sea and the 4th in Europe. It is linked with the Danube by the Danube-Black Sea Canal – the widest and deepest navigable channel in Europe, although it is not used to its full potential.

## Tourism

The Romanian Riviera along the coast of the Black Sea is the preferred destination for the summer holidays in Romania. The resorts are, from North to South:
* Năvodari
* Mamaia
* Eforie (North and South)
* Costinești
* Olimp
* Neptun
* Jupiter
* Cap Aurora
* Venus
* Saturn
* Mangalia
* 2 Mai
* Vama Veche
Also worth visiting are:
* The city of Constanța
* The mausoleum at Adamclisi
* The Portița area

## Politics

As of 27 September 2020, the elected President of the County Council is Mihai Lupu from PNL. In addition, in the wake of the 2020 Romanian local elections, the current Constanța County Council consists of 36 counsellors, with the following party composition:
| Party | Seats |
| National Liberal Party (PNL) | 15 |
| Social Democratic Party (PSD) | 10 |
| Save Romania Union (USR) | 5 |
| PRO Romania (PRO) | 3 |
| People's Movement Party (PMP) | 3 |

## Administrative divisions

Constanța County has 3 municipalities, 9 towns and 58 communes:
* Municipalities
** Constanța – capital city; population: 283,872 (as of 2011)
** Mangalia
** Medgidia
* Towns
** Cernavodă
** Eforie
** Hârșova
** Murfatlar
** Năvodari
** Negru Vodă
** Ovidiu
** Techirghiol
* Communes
** 23 August
** Adamclisi
** Agigea
** Albești
** Aliman
** Amzacea
** Băneasa (town between 2004 and 2019)
** Bărăganu
** Castelu
** Cerchezu
** Chirnogeni
** Ciobanu
** Ciocârlia
** Cobadin
** Cogealac
** Comana
** Corbu
** Costinești
** Crucea
** Cumpăna
** Cuza Vodă
** Deleni
** Dobromir
** Dumbrăveni
** Fântânele
** Gârliciu
** Ghindărești
** Grădina
** Horia
** Independența
** Ion Corvin
** Istria
** Limanu
** Lipnița
** Lumina
** Mereni
** Mihai Viteazu
** Mihail Kogălniceanu
** Mircea Vodă
** Nicolae Bălcescu
** Oltina
** Ostrov
** Pantelimon
** Pecineaga
** Peștera
** Poarta Albă
** Rasova
** Saligny
** Saraiu
** Săcele
** Seimeni
** Siliștea
** Târguşor
** Topalu
** Topraisar
** Tortoman
** Tuzla
** Valu lui Traian
** Vulturu

## Historical county

Following the 1926 administrative reform, the borders of the historical county are identical to the ones of the current Constanța County, with the exception of the Ostrov and Lipnița communes, which were then administered by the Durostor County, the Baia commune, now part of Tulcea County, and the villages of Tereskondu, Pârâul Caprei, Fundeni, Pădureni, Saldu Alde and Enigea-Haidar, now in Bulgaria.

### Geography

The county neighboured the Black Sea to the east, the counties of Tulcea and Brăila to the north, Ialomița to the west, Durostor to the south-west and Caliacra to the south.

### Administration

The county originally consisted of four districts (plăși):
* Plasa Dunărea
* Plasa Mangalia
* Plasa Ovidiu
* Plasa Traian
Subsequently, the territory of the county was reorganized into seven districts:
* Plasa Cernavodă, headquartered in Cernavodă
* Plasa Dunărea, headquartered in Hârșova
* Plasa Ferdinand, headquartered in Constanța
* Plasa Mangalia, headquartered in Mangalia
* Plasa Negru-Vodă, headquartered in Negru Vodă
* Plasa Traian, headquartered in Ion Corvin
* Plasa Medgidia, headquartered in Medgidia
On the territory of Constanta County there were seven urban localities: Constanţa (with city status) and the urban communes of Carmen-Sylva, Techirghiol, Mangalia, Medgidia, Cernavodă and Hârșova.

### After 1938

After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ialomița, Durostor and Caliacra to form Ținutul Mării. It was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II's regime. Ten years later, it was abolished by the Communist regime.

### Population

According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 253,093 inhabitants, of which 66.2% were Romanians, 8.9% Bulgarians, 6.8% Turks, 6.0% Tatars, 3.8% Germans, 1.8% Greeks, 1.5% Russians, 1.3% Armenians, as well as other minorities. In religion, the population consisted of 78.9% Eastern Orthodox, 13.1% Islam, 2.5% Lutheran, 1.8% Roman Catholics, as well as other minorities.

#### Urban population

In 1930, the urban population of the county was 81,631 inhabitants, 68.7% Romanians, 7.3% Turks, 5.2% Greeks, 3.9% Armenians, 2.5% Germans, 2.2% Jews, 2.0% Tatars, 2.0% Bulgarians, 1.7% Russians, 1.7% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. Among the urban population, mother tongues were reported to be Romanian (72.0%), Turkish (9.7%), Greek (4.5%), Armenian (3.6%), German (2.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed mostly of Eastern Orthodox (78.4%), followed by Muslim (9.6%), Armenian Apostolic (3.3%), Roman Catholic (2.7%), Jewish (2.3%), Lutheran (1.6%), as well as other minorities.