OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wigwam (Chula, Virginia)

The Wigwam is a landmark home, of Cape Cod style, built in 1790, close to the Appomattox River near Lodore on Rt. 637 (Giles Road), in Amelia County, Virginia. Governor William Branch Giles (1762-1830) built the house and made it his home until his death, and it later became a home for the Harrison family.

## History

The original 18th-century building included only the back section, with the more formal front being added in 1818. There is some information that the front section was originally relocated from the John Royall estate, called Caxamelalea. However, experts from Williamsburg have refuted this based upon their inspection of the house. It has 18 rooms and at one time had 5 full baths. There are 4 chimneys, which serve 13 fireplaces, and 65 windows, 17 of which are dormers. One room in the basement appears to have been used to hold Yankee prisoners in the American Civil War; the room has a barred window and evidence of shackles on the wall.
In 1832, Giles' son conveyed the property to William Henry Harrison, cousin of the president by that name. Harrison, with his wife Lucy (née Powers), raised six children there, and established a school for boys in the home, named Amelia Academy. The Christian school was run principally to prepare its students for entrance to the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The school's 1859–1860 flyer indicated a census of 25 pupils, and the school's board members included John Hartwell Cocke.
In his final years running the school, William Henry was assisted by his eldest son, J. Hartwell Harrison. Two days before Christmas in 1881, William Henry, inconsolable and confused after the death of wife Lucy in Richmond that October, set out on horseback in the snow, supposing to visit her for Christmas. Hours later, his horse returned to the Wigwam without him, and he was discovered at a nearby intersection, having suffered a fatal heart attack. His burial in Richmond next to Lucy was arranged by Christmas, and the Wigwam passed to his son Hartwell. Hartwell eventually phased out the school there and made the Wigwam his home with wife Anna (née Carrington) and their six children. He farmed the property and became the area's local Baptist minister.
The devastating effects of the Panic of 1893 resulted in Hartwell’s mortgage default in 1896, and the family's eviction from the home by the mortgage holder, his brother-in-law Lewis Harvie Blair. The family, including 4 children aged 7 to 17, had just finished putting in that year’s crops. In the mid-1900s, the property was owned and renovated by Hartwell's son, Robert C. Harrison.
The Wigwam was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. In the late-1990s, the home and farm underwent major renovations by new ownership.
# Edward Owen (rugby)

Edward James Owen (December 1903 – death unknown) was a Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Crumlin RFC, and club level rugby league (RL) for Leeds and York, as a fullback.

## Background

Edward Owen was born in Crumlin, Wales, and his birth was registered in Bedwellty district, Wales. He switched codes in 1920 to join English club Leeds.

## Playing career
### York

Owen joined York in April 1922. He played fullback in York's 8–22 defeat by Halifax in the 1930–31 Challenge Cup Final during the 1930–31 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 2 May 1931, in front of a crowd of 40,368.

## Contemporaneous article extract

"E. J. Owen' York (Northern Rugby League.) E. J. Owen was born in Crumlin, and is proving his worth as a full back. He was discovered by Leeds officials, but the Headingley club with a great wealth of talent allowed him to go to York. He is a brilliant defensive player, and can kick with great power with either foot. He is also a great goalkeeper. Owen has been unfortunate in coming to hand when there were so many full backs of ability in the league. He was, however, selected as reserve to Sullivan for the Wales and England match in 1926."
# Sanjay Kak

Sanjay Kak (born 1958) is an Indian author, activist and self-taught film-maker. He is known for his documentaries about environmental activism and resistance politics.

## Background and education

Kak was born into a family of Kashmiri Pandits, based in New Delhi for several generations.
Kak studied economics and sociology at the University of Delhi. He is a self-taught film-maker who is actively involved in the documentary film movement and in the Campaign against Censorship and the Cinema of Resistance project.

## Career

Kak makes documentary films. His early work includes Punjab: Doosra Adhay (1986) about the Punjab in the days of the Khalistan struggle, and Pradakshina (1987), about the river Ganges. He followed this with a 1990 film about Cambodia's Angkor Wat temple, Angkor Remembered. In 1993 he released films about the Indian diaspora in England (This Land, My Land, Eng-land) and South Africa (A House and a Home). 1995 saw the release of Harvest of Rain.
One Weapon (1997) followed, "the documentary that marked Sanjay Kak as an explicitly political filmmaker", according to The Caravan magazine, and In the Forest Hangs a Bridge (1999) about the making of a bridge in Northeast India; winner of the Golden Lotus Best Documentary Film, National Film Awards; Asian Gaze Award, Pusan Short Film Festival, Korea. His next films were Words on Water (2002), about the struggle against the Narmada dams in central India, which won Best Long Film prize at the International Festival of Environmental Film & Video (Fica) in Brazil, and Jashn-e-Azadi - How We Celebrate Freedom (2007) about the Kashmiri freedom struggle.
Jashn-e-Azadi is a film that has "widely influenced the way Kashmir was perceived in India". The film has had a chequered screening history.
In 2008, he participated in Manifesta7, the European Biennale of Art, in Bolzano, Italy, with the installation A Shrine to the Future: The Memory of a Hill, about the mining of bauxite in the Niyamgiri hills of Odisha. He writes occasional political commentary, and is the editor of Until My Freedom Has Come – The New Intifada in Kashmir (2011).
In 2010, he hosted a radio talk show on Pune 1070 AM radio, entitled Kak Talk with Sanjay Kak. The show focused on political and social topics and often hosted prominent social activists.
His latest feature-length documentary is on the revolutionary Maoist movement in India, called Red Ant Dream. The film was under production for more than three years and released in 2013.

## Filmography

* Punjab: Doosra Adhay (1986)
* Pradakshina (1987)
* Angkor Remembered (1990)
* This Land, My Land, Eng-land (1993)
* A House and a Home (1993)
* Harvest of Rain (1995)
* One Weapon (1997)
* In the Forest Hangs a Bridge (1999)
* Words on Water (2002)
* Jashn-e-Azaadi (2007)
* Red Ant Dream (2013)
# Brad Smith (footballer, born 1948)

Brad R. Smith (born 3 December 1948) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s. He also had a long career in the West Australian National Football League (WANFL) where he played for East Perth and coached East Fremantle.
Smith was a late comer to VFL football as he had spent eight years at East Perth before joining North Melbourne. He was a member of East Perth's 1972 and 1978 premiership teams and a back pocket player in the North Melbourne side which lost the 1974 VFL Grand Final.
His stint in Victoria lasted just two seasons and in 1976 he returned to East Perth and ended up with 222 WANFL games. During this time he also represented Western Australia in six interstate matches. Smith was appointed coach of East Fremantle in 1979 and promptly steered them to the premiership. Although he was recruited as a non-playing coach to East Fremantle, he also took the field for two games in 1979 and three games in 1980, thus finishing with 227 WANFL/WAFL games in his career. Despite a successful first year as coach, the 1980 season was a struggle and East Fremantle only narrowly avoided the wooden spoon. In response to their poor season, East Fremantle decided to appoint a full-time coach for the 1981 season (all previous coaching appointments were part-time) and Smith left to join East Perth as an assistant coach under Grant Dorrington. As the reigning premiership coach, Smith coached the WA state side in four matches in 1980, including the 1980 Australian Football Carnival, held in Adelaide in October.
In 2006 Smith was named on the interchange bench in East Perth's official 'Post-war Team of the Century' (1945 to 2005).
# Worley noise

Worley noise, also called Voronoi noise and cellular noise, is a noise function introduced by Steven Worley in 1996. Worley noise is an extension of the Voronoi diagram that outputs a real value at a given coordinate that corresponds to the distance of the nth nearest seed (usually n=1) and the seeds are distributed evenly through the region. Worley noise is used to create procedural textures.
Worley noise of Euclidean distance is differentiable and continuous everywhere except on the edges of the Voronoi diagram of the set of seeds and on the location of the seeds.

## Basic algorithm

The algorithm chooses random points in space (2- or 3-dimensional) and then for every location in space takes the distances F$_n$ to the nth-closest point (e.g. the second-closest point) and uses combinations of those to control color information (note that F$_{n+1}$ > F$_n$). More precisely:
* Randomly distribute feature points in space organized as grid cells. In practice this is done on the fly without storage (as a procedural noise). The original method considered a variable number of seed points per cell so as to mimic a Poisson disc, but many implementations just put one. This is an optimization that limits the number of terms that will be compared
* At run time, extract the distances F$_n$ from the given location to the closest seed point. For F$_1$ It is only necessary to find the value of the seeds location in the grid cell being sampled and the grid cells adjacent to that grid cell.
* Noise W(x) is formally the vector of distances, plus possibly the corresponding seed ids, user-combined so as to produce a color.
# 1960 Furman Purple Hurricane football team

The 1960 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1960 college football season. In their third season under head coach Bob King, Furman compiled a 5–4–1 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | Presbyterian* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | W 20–12 | 9,000 |
| September 24 | at Tampa* | Phillips FieldTampa, FL | T 7–7 | 5,500 |
| October 8 | William & Mary | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | W 25–23 | 3,000 |
| October 15 | Wofford* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC (rivalry) | W 41–26 | 9,500 |
| October 22 | The Citadel | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC (rivalry) | L 6–7 | 10,000 |
| October 29 | Mississippi College* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | W 33–20 | 10,000 |
| November 5 | at Alabama* | Denny StadiumTuscaloosa, AL | L 0–51 | 20,000 |
| November 11 | Richmond | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | L 28–35 | |
| November 19 | at Davidson | Richardson StadiumDavidson, NC | W 22–21 | 7,000 |
| November 26 | at Clemson | Memorial StadiumClemson, SC | L 14–42 | 23,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Otto Benítez

Otto Benítez is a Uruguayan chess player, two-times Uruguayan Chess Championship winner (1974, 1975).

## Biography

In the 1960s and 1970s, Otto Benítez was one of Uruguayan leading chess players. He won three medals in Uruguayan Chess Championships: 2 gold (1974, 1975) and silver (1962). In 1975, in Fortaleza Otto Benítez participated in World Chess Championship South American Zonal tournament.
Otto Benítez played for Uruguay in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1976, at first board in the 22nd Chess Olympiad in Haifa (+4, =2, -4).
Otto Benítez played for Uruguay in the Pan American Team Chess Championship:
* In 1971, at first board in the 1st Panamerican Team Chess Championship in Tucuman (+2, =1, -3).
# Torno Subito

Torno Subito is a Michelin-starred restaurant in Dubai. It serves Italian cuisine.
# Faggot (food)

Faggots are meatballs made from minced off-cuts and offal (especially pork, and traditionally pig's heart, liver, and fatty belly meat or bacon) mixed with herbs and sometimes bread crumbs. It is a traditional dish in the United Kingdom, especially South and Mid Wales and the English Midlands.
Faggots originated as a traditional cheap food consumed by country people in Western England, particularly west Wiltshire and the West Midlands. Their popularity spread from there, especially to South Wales in the mid-nineteenth century, when many agricultural workers left the land to work in the rapidly expanding industry and mines of that area. Faggots are also known as "ducks" in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and Lancashire, often as "savoury ducks". The first use of the term in print was in the Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser of Saturday 3 June 1843, a news report of a gluttonous man who ate twelve of them.

## Preparation and serving

Commonly, a faggot consists of minced pork liver and heart, wrapped in bacon, with onion and breadcrumbs. The mixture is shaped by hand into small balls, wrapped with caul fat (the omentum membrane from the pig's abdomen), and baked. Faggots may also be made with beef. Another variation of the faggot is pig's fry (testicles) wrapped in pig's caul: the pig's fry and boiled onions are minced (ground) together, then mixed with breadcrumbs or cold boiled potatoes, seasoned with sage, mixed herbs and pepper, all beaten together and then wrapped in small pieces of caul to form a ball. They are baked in the oven, and usually served cold.
A popular dish is faggots and peas. This combination is common in the Black Country area of the West Midlands. Often, the faggot is cooked in a crock with gravy and served with peas and mashed potato.

## Production

The dish gained in popularity during the rationing in World War II, but declined over the following decades. The "nose-to-tail eating" trend has resulted in greater demand for faggots in the 21st century; British supermarket chain Waitrose once again sold beef faggots from 2014 onwards and in 2018 it was estimated that "tens of millions" of faggots were eaten every year.
Faggots are often home-made, and can also be found in traditional butchers' shops and market stalls. Many UK supermarkets stock mass-produced frozen faggots, often made of liver and onions rolled into meatballs in a sauce; these differ from traditional faggots which have a coarser texture and contain less water.

## Double meaning

The use of the word "faggot" has caused misunderstanding due to its American English meaning as a pejorative term for a homosexual man. In 2004, a radio commercial for the UK supermarket chain Somerfield, in which a man rejects his wife's suggested dinner saying "I've got nothing against faggots, I just don't fancy them" was found to have been innuendo which breached the Advertising and Sponsorship Code and was banned by the industry regulator Ofcom. In November 2013, it was reported that British Facebook users had been blocked temporarily for using the word, in its culinary sense, on the website. Facebook said that the word had been misinterpreted.
# 1960 Maryland Terrapins football team

The 1960 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1960 college football season. In their second season under head coach Tom Nugent, the Terrapins compiled a 6–4 record (5–2 in conference), finished in third place in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents 171 to 164. The team's statistical leaders included Dale Betty with 796 passing yards, Pat Drass with 297 rushing yards, and Gary Collins with 404 receiving yards.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | at West Virginia* | Mountaineer FieldMorgantown, WV (rivalry) | W 31–8 | 18,000 |
| September 24 | No. 15 Texas* | Byrd StadiumCollege Park, MD | L 0–34 | 31,000 |
| October 1 | Duke | Byrd StadiumCollege Park, MD | L 7–20 | 25,000 |
| October 8 | at NC State | Riddick StadiumRaleigh, NC | L 10–13 | 14,000 |
| October 15 | No. 8 Clemson | Byrd StadiumCollege Park, MD | W 19–17 | 18,000 |
| October 22 | at Wake Forest | Bowman Gray StadiumWinston-Salem, NC | W 14–13 | 11,000 |
| October 29 | South Carolina | Byrd StadiumCollege Park, MD | W 15–0 | 21,000 |
| November 5 | at Penn State* | Beaver StadiumUniversity Park, PA (rivalry) | L 9–28 | 30,126 |
| November 12 | at North Carolina | Kenan Memorial StadiumChapel Hill, NC | W 22–19 | 26,000 |
| November 19 | at Virginia | Scott StadiumCharlottesville, VA (rivalry) | W 44–12 | 14,500 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Irish Residential Properties REIT

Irish Residential Properties REIT Plc or IRES is a multi-unit residential letting company and real estate investment trust (REIT) focused on the Dublin property market and those of other Irish urban centres. It is listed on Euronext Dublin and is a constituent member of the ISEQ 20 with a market capitalisation of €873m as of 31 January 2020. It has a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange.
IRES was floated on the Irish stock exchange in April 2014 and was funded largely by the Canadian listed company Canadian Apartment Properties REIT (CAPREIT). IRES internalised its structure in January 2022 and is an Irish operating company
The company is Ireland's largest private landlord with over 3,884 units under its ownership as of January 2020.
After Hibernia REIT was taken over by Brookfield Asset Management in June 2022, IRES was the final Irish REIT to remain a publicly listed company.

## Controversies
### 2017

In July 2017, a number of politicians and political activists including Mick Wallace, Eoin Ó Broin and Clare Daly protested outside the head offices of IRES in Grand Canal Dock, Dublin about increasing rents and the opening of a new development at the Maples in Sandyford.

### 2025

In March 2025, the company planned to add a €200 monthly charge as a so-called "common area" fee for new renters at one of its properties. The landlord refused to say if the €2,400 per year charge would be introduced at its other properties, when asked. Tenants questioned whether the charge was an attempt to circumvent rent pressure zone (RPZ) rules. City councillor Janet Horner said the new charge was "incredible" and wondered if the landlord was effectively raising the rent of the homes. She added, "One of the major concerns in the rental market is how little negotiating power tenants have. They are so desperate they will accept these arrangements, but I would wonder are they taking advantage of tenants here."
# Victor Frias Pablaza

Victor J. Frias Apablaza (10 February 1956 – 15 January 2005) was a Chilean chess International Master (IM) (1982), three-time Chilean Chess Championship medalist (1975, 1976, 1977).

## Biography

From the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, Frias was one of Chile's leading chess players. He was multiple participant in Chilean Chess Championships. Best results: 1977 - 2nd place, in 1975 and 1976 - 3rd place. Victor Frias Pablaza studied at University of Chile in the Faculty of Architecture. In 1979 he moved to Los Angeles.
Frias played for Chile in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1976, at third board in the 22nd Chess Olympiad in Haifa (+4, =2, -3),
* In 1978, at second board in the 23rd Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+3, =7, -1),
* In 1982, at second board in the 25th Chess Olympiad in Lucerne (+5, =5, -2),
* In 1984, at first board in the 26th Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki (+4, =5, -3).
Frias was known as a chess trainer. He coached Mexico National Chess Team from 1996 to 1997 and the USA Junior Chess Team from 1988 to 2003. Among his students are American grandmasters Patrick Wolff, Ilya Gurevich, as well as two-time US chess champion, grandmaster Jennifer Shahade. In 2004 Victor Frias Apablaza became one of the 35 best chess players in the United States. At his peak, he had a fide rating over 2500.
Frias died on January 15, 2005, after a short illness.
# Coat of arms of Bradford

The coat of arms of Bradford is that granted to the City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council in 1976. The council is the local authority for the district of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The coat of arms is based on those of Bradford Corporation, the local authority for the County Borough of Bradford, both of which were abolished in 1974.

## Symbolism

The red and blue "per pale" division of the shield, gold engrailed chevron and bugles were taken directly from the county borough's arms. The buglehorns refer to the service by which the manor of Bradford was granted by John of Gaunt to John Northrop of Manningham: upon the blowing of a horn on St Martin's day Manningham was to wait on John and his heirs and conduct them safely to Pontefract Castle. In the county borough's arms there were three horns: one has been replaced by a golden fleece. This is an emblem of the woollen industry and was found in the arms or devices of five urban districts included in the metropolitan borough in 1974. On the chevron is an heraldic fountain from the arms of borough of Keighley and Ilkley urban district. A bordure or border has been added to the shield, on which are placed eleven white roses, representing the eleven Yorkshire councils combined in 1974.
The crest features a boar's head without a tongue. This illustrates the legend of the boar of Cliffe Wood.
The supporters are a gold stag from the arms of the Cavendish family, associated with Keighley; and an angora goat, another emblem of the woollen industry.
The motto is Progress, Industry, Humanity.

## Sources

* Aspects of Heraldry – Journal of the Yorkshire Heraldry Society, No.16, 2002
* G. Briggs, Civic and Corporate Heraldry, London 1971
* W. C. Scott-Giles, Civic Heraldry of England and Wales, 2nd edition, London, 1953
* W. H. Fox-Talbot, The Book of Public Arms, London 1915
# Gonidea

Gonidea angulata, the western ridged mussel or Rocky Mountain ridged mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is the only species in the genus Gonidea.

## Description

Shell is 125 mm long, 65 mm high, 40 mm wide.

## Distribution

The western ridged mussel historically occurred in river basins spanning portions of the western states of California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, and the Canadian province of British Columbia.

## Conservation status

The western ridged mussel has declined significantly throughout much of its range in western North America. Research indicates that the species has experienced a significant reduction in range from the historic distribution (43%), with the southern extent of the species’ range in California having contracted northward approximately 475 miles as compared to the historic range. Live western ridged mussels were not detected at 46% of the 87 sites where it historically occurred and that have been recently revisited.
In Canada, it lives in British Columbia, where the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) has listed it as a species of special concern. The Canadian Species at Risk Act listed it in the List of Wildlife Species at Risk as being a species of special concern in Canada in 2003, and as endangered in 2010.
# Evgenios Papadopoulos

Evgenios Papadopoulos (Greek: Ευγένιος Παπαδόπουλος; born 2 July 1973) is a retired Greek sprinter who specialized in the 200 metres.
He finished fourth at the 1994 European Indoor Championships.
His personal best time in the 200 metres was 20,81 seconds, achieved in July 1994 in Trikala. In the 400 metres he had 46,39 seconds, achieved in June 1994 in Athens.