OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Latin American migration to Spain

Latin Americans in Spain are individuals in Spain who are from or descend from individuals from Latin America. As of January 2022, there are 2,619,667 South Americans in Spain (all Latin American aside from 321), and 648,386 Central American or Caribbean people in Spain. Flows of migration have been dependent on the economic conditions in their countries of birth and in Spain. Colombians in Spain constitute the largest group of Latin Americans in the country.

## History

Many Latin Americans immigrated to Spain during the country's economic boom in the late 1990s and beginning of the 2000s. Events during this period that pushed Latin Americans to immigrate included the 1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis and the 1998–2002 Argentine great depression.
Venezuelan migration to Spain surged as a result of the country's ongoing crisis; as of 2021, Venezuelans constituted the single largest nationality applying for asylum in the country. Migration decreased in 2020 due to reduced long-distance flights during the COVID-19 pandemic.
While ten years is the usual minimum for a foreigner to acquire Spanish nationality by residency, Latin Americans – including Brazilians – can achieve it in two years.

## Economics

Nativo, a company set up in 1997 to import Latin American brands to migrants in Spain, was bought in 2008 by Goya Foods, a US-based multinational active across the American continent.

## Demographics

Colombian migrants in Spain are the largest group of Latin Americans in the country. As of 2024, more than a million residents in Madrid were born in Latin America. Migrants from Brazil – the sole Portuguese-speaking country in Latin America – are particularly notable in Galicia, where the native language is close to their own.

### By country of birth

Per Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 1 January 2022:
* Colombia 568,034
* Venezuela 440,992
* Ecuador 420,573
* Argentina 328,333
* Peru 265,949
* Dominican Republic 190,478
* Bolivia 179,829
* Cuba 176,800
* Brazil 156,540
* Honduras 150,643
* Paraguay 110,321
* Uruguay 83,773
* Nicaragua 69,508
* Mexico 66,304
* Chile 65,002
* El Salvador 29,947
* Guatemala 15,226
* Panama 6,744
* Costa Rica 5,804
# Jef Gilson

Jean-François Quiévreux (25 July 1926 – 5 February 2012), better known as Jef Gilson, was a French clarinetist, pianist, arranger, vocalist, composer and big band leader.
"In the occupation of which he initiated groups" proved Gilson "an excellent grasp of the 'discovery' and the promotion of young talent."

## Life and work

Classically trained as a clarinetist, Gilson began playing with Claude Luter in the band of Boris Vian. In 1947 he switched to the piano.
He formed a big band in 1963, members of which included, at various stages, Bill Coleman, Bernard Vitet, Ivan Jullien, Michel Portal, Jean-Louis Chautemps, François Jeanneau, Michel Portal, Jean-Luc Ponty, Bernard Lubat, Lloyd Miller and Henri Texier. Woody Shaw and Nathan Davis performed and recorded with the orchestra in spring 1965.
In addition, in 1965 he joined the vocal sextet Les Double Six, first as and a member, later as its musical director.
Gilson's recordings, on which early compositions with tempo changes (Enfin!, Œil Vision), bitonal layers and chromatic topics are included, first appeared on a mini label. Some of the harmonic function has been overridden in his compositions since 1964, without, being exclusively free jazz oriented (New Call from France, MPS 1966). Commercial success did not materialize, so that in 1968 Gilson temporarily went to Madagascar. In 1971 he returned and concentrated first on ethno jazz and later "total improvisation". In 1973 he founded his label, Palm, on which are especially the recordings with his orchestra Europamerica, and with Butch Morris. For this more arranged record, which started reflecting his achievements of free jazz, he was awarded the 1978 Prix Boris Vian. Up to his final days he lived withdrawn in Ardèche.
# Opportunity Knocks (game show)

Opportunity Knocks is a 2008 game show hosted by J. D. Roth and executive produced by Ashton Kutcher and his Katalyst Productions. It premiered on September 23, 2008 on ABC and City in Canada, but received low ratings, especially in the 18–34-year-old age demographic, and was canceled after three episodes.

## Gameplay

At the beginning of the episode, a family is surprised by the ABC crew knocking on their door and telling them they have been selected to be on the show. They then have to answer questions about the other members of their family.
Each of the four family member contestants gets asked a series of four questions, worth, in order, $2,500, $5,000, $7,500, and $10,000. Getting all four correct (or, at some points in the game, buying the prize for a portion of their winnings, similar to Let's Make a Deal's "sure thing") wins the family member a prize package (usually having to do with the family member's interests) in addition to all the money won. Incorrect answers do not deduct from the score, but unless the family member decided to buy the prize beforehand, they forfeit the additional prize if the family member answers any questions incorrectly.
Some questions may be tasks, such as finding a diary. Some questions involve identifying the real thing out of a group of fakes, such as picking out a bedspread out of 15 or identifying which picture a non-playing family member drew and throwing the fakes into a shredder. Other questions are just trivia questions about the family member, such as which of four girls a family member has a crush on, or about their interests, such as identifying Nick from the Jonas Brothers. Many other questions include choosing which cookies the players mother made and remembering what time the clock the father made in school is stopped on.
In the final round, one member of the family, chosen by the family, tries to match the answers the other family members give to questions about themselves. The chosen contestant can try to double the family's cash winnings—without risk—by correctly matching two answers, or to risk the family's cash (but not prizes) for a chance at the grand prize of $250,000 by matching all three. The contestant must make his or her choice before hearing the questions asked. If the contestant chooses to make two matches, he or she must decide which two to match; if either of those two answers is wrong, the contestant does not get a third chance. If either of the three answers are wrong, the game is over and the contestant walked away without any money, but all prizes that are not cash are kept.

## International versions

| Country | Name | Host | Network | Date premiered | Prize |
| Brazil | Gugu bate em sua porta | Augusto Liberato | Rede Record | 2009 | R$1.000.000 |
# Eufaula High School (Alabama)

Eufaula High School is a secondary school, grades 9 through 12, in Eufaula, Alabama, United States. A member of the Alabama High School Athletic Association (AHSAA), it plays in the 5A division for girls and boys athletics.

## History

Van Buren High School, eventually renamed for doctor Thomas Vivian McCoo, served Eufaula's African American students. Schools in Eufaula remained segregated by race until around 1970. After integration began the school stopped sponsoring social events such as proms although unofficial segregated events were still held. By 1990, students at Eufaula High had begun pressuring school officials to allow integrated proms. The first one was held on Saturday, May 18, 1991, without incident.
More than half the student body is African American and more than a third white.

## Alumni

* Walter Reeves - Former professional football player
* Courtney Upshaw - Former professional football player
* Jerrel Jernigan - Former professional football player
* Gwen Jackson - Former WNBA player who played for the Phoenix Mercury
* Les Snead - General Manager of the Los Angeles Rams
* Siran Neal - Football Cornerback for the Miami Dolphins
# Derek McNally

Derek McNally (1934–2020) was a British astronomer and former General Secretary of the IAU.

## Personal life

Derek McNally was born on 28 October 1934 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

## Education

He studied for a Bachelor of Science at Queen's University Belfast, graduating in 1956. This was followed by a Master of Science in 1957. Although initially interested in nuclear physics, during his Masters he read a book by Fred Hoyle that changed his interest to astronomy. He subsequently studied for a PhD at the Royal Holloway College, from which he graduated in 1961.

## Career

He was an assistant lecturer in Mathematics at Royal Holloway College from 1959 until 1960, during his PhD. After graduating from his PhD, he moved to the University College London, where he was an assistant lecturer (1960–1962), lecturer (1962–1970), and senior lecturer (1970–1999). He was assistant director of the University of London Observatory (1966–1989) and subsequently became Director from 1989 to 1997.
He was Chairman of the International Astronomical Union Working Group on Adverse Environmental Impacts on Astronomy (1997–2000). He was visiting fellow at the University of Hertfordshire since 1999. He became Chairman of the International Council of Scientific Unions Working Group on Adverse Environmental Impacts on Astronomy from 1993 till 1997.
He was Secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society (1966–1971), then Vice President (1971–1972) and Treasurer in 1996.
At the International Astronomical Union, he was the Assistant General Secretary of the Executive Committee in 1985–88, before serving as the General Secretary of the Executive Committee in 1988–91. He attended all IAU conferences between 1964 and 2006.
He was general secretary of the Institute of Physics from 1988–1991.
From 1981 to 1983 he held the office of President of the Junior Astronomical Society, the name of which changed in 1994 to the Society for Popular Astronomy.

## Research

He initially researched positional astronomy, before changing to star formation due to the advent of digital computers.

## Death

He died in 2020.
# 1973 Southwest Texas State Bobcats football team

The 1973 Southwest Texas State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Southwest Texas State University (now known as Texas State University) during the 1973 NAIA football season as a member of the Lone Star Conference (LSC). In their ninth year under head coach Bill Miller, the team compiled an overall record of 4–6, with a mark of 3–6 in conference play.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 15 | at Texas Lutheran* | Matador FieldSeguin, TX | W 21–0 |
| September 22 | at Angelo State | San Angelo StadiumSan Angelo, TX | L 0–16 |
| September 29 | Abilene Christian | Evans FieldSan Marcos, TX | L 7–41 |
| October 6 | Tarleton State | Evans FieldSan Marcos, TX | W 33–7 |
| October 13 | at Stephen F. Austin | Lumberjack StadiumNacogdoches, TX | L 13–17 |
| October 20 | Sam Houston State | Evans FieldSan Marcos, TX (rivalry) | W 28–7 |
| October 27 | East Texas State | Evans FieldSan Marcos, TX | L 14–28 |
| November 3 | at Howard Payne | Cen-Tex StadiumBrownwood, TX | L 7–33 |
| November 10 | Sul Ross | Evans FieldSan Marcos, TX | W 28–0 |
| November 17 | at Texas A&I | Javelina StadiumKingsville, TX | L 10–49 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# Environment and Development Party

The Environment and Development Party (French:Parti de l'Environnement et du Développement) was a political party in Morocco.

## History and profile

The party was founded in April 2002. The founder was Ahmed Alami.
In the parliamentary election held on 27 September 2002, the party won 2 out of 325 seats. In the next parliamentary election, held on 7 September 2007, the party won 2.9% of the votes and 5 out of 325 seats.
It was dissolved and merged into the Authenticity and Modernity Party in 2008.
# Olesin, Krasnystaw County

Olesin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzków, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Gorzków, 10 km (6 mi) west of Krasnystaw, and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Eggerthia

Eggerthia is a genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Eggerthia catenaformis).
# Nawwaf Moussawi

Part of a series on :
Hezbollah :
Ideology
History
Flag
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Funding
Headquarters :
Political activities
Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc
2008 conflict in Lebanon
2006–2008 Lebanese political protests
Doha Agreement
Hezbollah–Iran relations
Hezbollah–Russia relations :
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Lebanese Civil War (1983 US Embassy bombingWar of the Camps)
South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
1986 Rue de Rennes bombing
2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict
2006 Lebanon War
2008 conflict in Lebanon
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
Syrian civil war (Hezbollah involvementSpillover in Lebanon)
2023 border conflict
2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike
Capabilities and military organizations
Armed strength
Fathallah barracks
Imam al-Mahdi Scouts
Islamic Jihad Organization
Lebanese Resistance Brigades
Military equipment
Organization of the Oppressed on Earth
Radwan Force
Syrian Hezbollah
Unit 121
Unit 900
Unit 910 :
Organizations
Hezbollah social services
Hezbollah in Latin America
Bayt al-Mal
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Media
Al-Manar
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Al-Ahed :
People
Secretaries-General
Subhi al-Tufayli
Abbas al-Musawi  †
Hassan Nasrallah  †
Naim Qassem
Senior officials
Hashem Safieddine  †
Ibrahim Amin al-Sayyed
Mohammad Raad
Wafiq Safa
Nabil Qaouk  †
Talal Hamiyah
Fuad Shukr  †
Ali Karaki  †
Ibrahim Aqil  †
Imad Mughniyeh  †
Fouad Saleh
Mohammad Yazbek :
vte :
Nawwaf Moussawi (Arabic: نواف الموسوي; born 3 April 1965) is a Shia Lebanese member of parliament who represented the Sour district. He is part of Hezbollah's bloc.

## Controversies

In February 2019, Moussawi was suspended from the political activities within his party, due to his violation of a Hezbollah policy of avoiding arguments with rival politicians. The one-year suspension came after his spat with Samy Gemayel and Nadim Gemayel regarding the legitimacy of President Michel Aoun who managed, according to Moussawi, to reach his position under "the rifle of the resistance" but "not on an Israeli tank"; in reference to President Bachir Gemayel.
In July 2019, his daughter, Ghadir, was chased by her ex-husband on a highway, which raises concerns regarding Lebanese women's rights issues. This led to his resignation from the parliamentary bloc and his seat.
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# Charles Binger

Charles Ashford Binger ( October 12, 1907, London - 1974) was an English American artist and illustrator.
During the 1920s and 1930s, Binger began his career painting film posters for Twentieth Century Fox UK, then served in World War II as a member of the London Fire Service and Air Sea Rescue. He also supplied art for campaigns such as the wartime English Savings Bond Campaign. After the war, he moved to New York City, and began painting covers for Colliers Magazine, Fawcett Publications, Signet Books, Pyramid Books, Pocket Books, Bantam Books, Avon Books, and other publishers. His cover art was used on books by Nathanael West, Aldous Huxley, John Collier, Ray Bradbury, Erle Stanley Gardner and many more. Binger continued to paint movie posters, for such films as River of No Return, Titanic, The Song of Bernadette, Run Silent Run Deep, The Glass Menagerie and The Comancheros. Binger was also a popular pin-up artist. He is perhaps best remembered for his science fiction covers in the 1950s, and for his covers for hard-boiled detective pulps.
Binger continued to work until 1970, and died in 1974. A major retrospective show of his work was held in Los Angeles in 2011.
# Michael Dean

Michael Dean or Mike Dean may refer to:
* Michael Dean (artist) (born 1977), British artist
* Michael Dean (broadcaster) (1933–2015), New Zealand-born television presenter, active also in the UK and Australia
* Michael Dean (cricketer) (born 1972), English cricketer
* Michael Dean, American journalist, editor-in-chief of The Comics Journal for Fantagraphics Books
* Michael Lee Dean, American clarinetist and university professor
* Mike Dean, original drummer for Gang Green
* Mike Dean (musician) (born 1963), American bassist with Corrosion of Conformity
* Mike Dean (politician) (born 1955), American politician
* Mike Dean (record producer) (born 1965), American hip hop producer
* Mike Dean (referee) (born 1968), English VAR referee and former center referee in the Premier League
# Olszanka, Lublin County

Olszanka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzczonów, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Krzczonów and 29 km (18 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.
# A Brief History of Equality

A Brief History of Equality is a non-fiction book by the French economist Thomas Piketty translated by Steven Rendall from the original 2021 Une brève histoire de l'égalité, about wealth redistribution, in which Piketty describes why he is optimistic about the future.

## Overview

In this 288-page book targeting an audience of citizens, not economists, Piketty summarizes his two previous books, his 2014 696-page Capital in the Twenty-First Century and his 2019 1150-page book Capital and Ideology. In Capital, Piketty said that a possible remedy for inequality lay in a "global tax on wealth". In A Brief History, he developed the concept of a progressive increase in the tax on the wealthy.

## Reviews

In her Financial Times' review, economist Diane Coyle said that in A Brief History, Piketty advocates for politico-economic change to reduce inequalities but does not describe practical solutions for achieving that goal.
The Literary Review described the book as "an activist's history"—a manifesto as well as an overview of the past.
In his review in The Wall Street Journal, Tunku Varadarajan, a fellow of the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), said that he doubts that—without capitalism—the erosion of inequality and developments in economics and technology that Piketty described could have happened.
While Piketty did not make predictions about the future, his work—which also includes his previous publications such as Capital in the Twenty-First Century—is "partly responsible" for the move away from the "hypercapitalism" of the twenty-first century, according to Columbia Journalism School's Nicholas Lemann in his review for The New York Times.
Piketty condensed twenty years of his research into 300 pages with the goal of making it more accessible to a wider readership than Capital in the Twenty-First Century, according to Antoine Reverchon in his Le Monde book review. Reverchon said that Piketty's effort was worthwhile at a time when the left is mindlessly attempting to bring too many issues together under the same umbrella—"environmentalism, reformism, feminism, post-colonialism, anti-capitalism". Piketty calls for the state to increase access to quality health care, education, employment through the progressive implementation of taxation on the most wealthy. He also called for a "decommodification" of certain sectors that have become privatized including education, health, transport and energy. Piketty recognizes the real and historic fears of Soviet socialism and central planning—his socialism is participatory.
# 1973 Texas Southern Tigers football team

The 1973 Texas Southern Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Texas Southern University as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1973 NCAA Division II football season. Led by third-year head coach Rod Paige, the Tigers compiled an overall record of 5–5–1, with a mark of 2–3–1 in conference play, and finished fifth in the SWAC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 8 | Sam Houston State* | AstrodomeHouston, TX | W 24–14 | 16,743 |
| September 15 | at Southern | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | L 15–23 | |
| September 22 | No. 3 Tennessee State* | Jeppesen StadiumHouston, TX | L 20–23 | 15,500 |
| September 29 | at No. 6 Hawaii* | Honolulu StadiumHonolulu, HI | L 21–24 | 23,500 |
| October 6 | Alcorn A&M | Rice StadiumHouston, TX | T 14–14 | 12,631–13,000 |
| October 13 | at Bishop* | Dallas, TX | W 41–7 | |
| October 20 | at Mississippi Valley State | Magnolia StadiumItta Bena, MS | L 6–15 | 4,000 |
| October 27 | No. 9 Grambling | AstrodomeHouston, TX | W 35–21 | 53,859 |
| November 3 | Jackson State | Jeppesen StadiumHouston, TX | L 14–44 | 11,000 |
| November 10 | Langston* | Jeppesen StadiumHouston, TX | L 7–14 | 11,000 |
| November 17 | Prairie View A&M | AstrodomeHouston, TX (rivalry) | W 41–14 | 23,563 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Coyote Creek (Marin County)

Coyote Creek is a stream in the Richardson Bay watershed, draining Tamalpais-Homestead Valley, California (Tam Valley) eastward into Richardson Bay, Marin County, California, United States. The stream originates on Coyote Ridge and flows 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the bay at the south end of Bothin Marsh. Coyote Creek is surrounded by a walking/biking path that stretches all the way until the creek reaches the bay (see photo on right, path located around the Creek).

## History

The Richardson Bay watershed is located on the aboriginal lands of the Coast Miwok. The Coast Miwok Tribe came to California before the European Settlers. They significantly impacted and inhabited the areas of Marin County and Southern Sonoma County. Spanish colonization began in neighboring Sausalito, California, in 1775, when Juan de Ayala sailed the first ship (the San Carlos) into San Francisco Bay. These explorers named the area Saucelito (“little willows”) after the vegetation spotted from shipboard. When the Mission San Rafael Arcángel, established in 1817, was secularized by the Mexican government in 1834, the mission lands were granted to prominent Californios as ranchos. The Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio (literally, “place where wood is cut for the Presidio”) included a sawmill for processing redwood trees, cattle and horse ranches, a brickyard, and a stone quarry. Sausalito became an important ferry port, connecting Marin to San Francisco. The railroad brought supplies from the north to be shipped across San Francisco Bay.

## Habitat and ecology

Historically, Coyote Creek hosted California golden beaver (Castor canadensis subauratus) whose beaver dams likely played a role in removing sediment and improving over-summering habitat for steelhead and salmon smolt.
Other than the beavers, there are many other wild animals that call Coyote Creek home. More specifically, Coyote Creek is located in a neighborhood surrounded by a neighborhood in Mill Valley, CA nicknamed “Bird Land.” Surrounding and in the creek, there are all different species of birds found- from Scrub Blue Jays to Egrets to ducks. These birds are seen around and swimming in the creek.

## Habitat and ecology- Photo Library

As stated above, the wildlife seen at the creek is quite remarkable. Check out this to see photos of some of the bids that frequent Coyote Creek:

## Flood Zone #3- Coyote Creek

Coyote Creek is located under Flood Zone #3 which includes areas in Southern Marin that goes into Richardson Bay. In order to reduce flood risks, Marin County has implemented different flood control devices. One major thing for Coyote Creek that protects the residents in surrounding neighborhoods is the sump pump stations. If there is a flooding risk, these pumps can remove water from the creek/affected areas to others channels that aren’t experiencing over abundance of water.