OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Twinkling

Twinkling, also called scintillation, is a generic term for variations in apparent brightness, colour, or position of a distant luminous object viewed through a medium. If the object lies outside the Earth's atmosphere, as in the case of stars and planets, the phenomenon is termed astronomical scintillation; for objects within the atmosphere, the phenomenon is termed terrestrial scintillation. As one of the three principal factors governing astronomical seeing (the others being light pollution and cloud cover), atmospheric scintillation is defined as variations in illuminance only.
In simple terms, twinkling of stars is caused by the passing of light through different layers of a turbulent atmosphere. Most scintillation effects are caused by anomalous atmospheric refraction caused by small-scale fluctuations in air density usually related to temperature gradients. Scintillation effects are always much more pronounced near the horizon than near the zenith (directly overhead), since light rays near the horizon must have longer paths through the atmosphere before reaching the observer. Atmospheric twinkling is measured quantitatively using a scintillometer.
The effects of twinkling are reduced by using a larger receiver aperture; this effect is known as aperture averaging. Many modern large telescopes also use adaptive optical systems which precisely deform the figure of a mirror in order to compensate for scintillation.
While light from stars and other astronomical objects is likely to twinkle, twinkling usually does not cause images of planets to flicker appreciably. Stars twinkle because they are so far from Earth that they appear as point sources of light easily disturbed by Earth's atmospheric turbulence, which acts like lenses and prisms diverting the light's path. Large astronomical objects closer to Earth, like the Moon and other planets, can be resolved as objects with observable diameters. With multiple observed points of light traversing the atmosphere, their light's deviations average out and the viewer perceives less variation in light coming from them.
# Myerscough, Lancashire

Myerscough (/ˈmaɪərskə/) is a hamlet and former civil parish on the River Brock, 14 miles (23 km) from Lancaster, now in the parish of Myerscough and Bilsborrow, in the Wyre district, in the county of Lancashire, England. In 2001 it has a population of 1111. Since 1267 the Duchy of Lancaster has had land holdings in Myerscough.

## History

The name "Myerscough" means 'Bog wood', the "myrr" part is pre-7th-century-old Norse for "marsh" and the "skogr" part means a "copse" or "thicket". The surname derives from the hamlet. Myerscough was not recorded in the Domesday Book but the township may have been the lost village of Aschebi. Myerscough was recorded as Mirscho in 1258, Miresco in 1265 and Mirescowe in 1297. It was possibly part of the forest of Amounderness. Myerscough was a township in Lancaster parish. From 1866 Myerscough was a civil parish in its own right until it was merged with Bilsborrow on 1 April 2003 to form "Myerscough and Bilsborrow".

## Climate

Climate data for Myerscough (14m elevation) 1991–2020 :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) | 8.4 (47.1) | 10.6 (51.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 16.8 (62.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 20.8 (69.4) | 20.4 (68.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 14.5 (58.1) | 10.7 (51.3) | 8.1 (46.6) | 14.1 (57.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) | 1.9 (35.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 4.6 (40.3) | 7.1 (44.8) | 10.2 (50.4) | 12.2 (54.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 7.3 (45.1) | 4.3 (39.7) | 1.9 (35.4) | 6.4 (43.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 94.7 (3.73) | 80.8 (3.18) | 67.9 (2.67) | 56.9 (2.24) | 60.9 (2.40) | 72.4 (2.85) | 82.4 (3.24) | 99.5 (3.92) | 96.9 (3.81) | 116.2 (4.57) | 108.7 (4.28) | 120.9 (4.76) | 1,058.1 (41.66) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 15.6 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 | 13.7 | 12.7 | 15.4 | 16.7 | 16.4 | 157.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 41.6 | 72.0 | 115.8 | 157.6 | 193.9 | 184.5 | 171.2 | 149.1 | 116.8 | 86.6 | 44.8 | 33.1 | 1,367.1 |
| Source: Met Office ||||||||||||||
# Appa Rao

Appa Rao or Apparao may refer to:
* Gurajada Apparao (1862–1915), Telugu poet and writer
* Meka Rangaiah Appa Rao (1915–2003), Indian politician
* Appa Rao Podile (born 1960), Indian scientist and educator
* Apparao M. Rao (fl. 2006–2016), Indian born physicist
# Summer House (2006 TV series)

Summer House is a reality series that aired on ESPNU and was hosted by Chris Spielman. The show debuted on July 25, 2006, ran for eight episodes, and ended on September 12, 2006.

## Premise

The show features six of the nation’s top college football incoming freshmen living together in a house in Chicago for one week. Summer House provides viewers with an inside look at future college football stars. The players compete against each other to be named “The King of the House.” Competitors earn points for each challenge they participate in, culminating in the final day when the “King” is crowned. Throughout the week, the players interact with each other and sports celebrities, learning what it takes to succeed both on and off the field.

## Production

The ESPN production was produced by Intersport, a Chicago-based production company, with head producers Michael Kolodny and Jim Gorman planning each day. ESPN also had producers Adam Briles and Paul Gordon assist in its productions.

### Special Guests

Special guests in the first season included:
* Jennie Finch (USA Olympic gold medalist)
* Trent Green and Larry Johnson (Kansas City Chiefs)
* Todd Heap and Derrick Mason (Baltimore Ravens)
* Greg Lewis (Philadelphia Eagles)
* Gale Sayers (Chicago Bears Hall of Famer)
* Ken Williams (Chicago White Sox GM)
* Mike Hall (ESPNU’s signature anchor)
* Bob Davie (ESPN college football analyst)

### Contestants

The contestants included:
* Terrence Austin (four-star wide receiver, UCLA)
* Jarred Fayson (four-star wide receiver/quarterback, Florida)
* Cart Kelly (two-star wide receiver/cornerback, Princeton)
* London Crawford (three-star wide receiver, Arkansas)
* Cody Hawkins (three-star quarterback, Colorado)
* Taylor Potts (three-star quarterback, Texas Tech)

## Sponsors

The show’s main sponsors were Under Armour, Direct TV, and Dick’s Sporting Goods.
# Tomakomai Station

Tomakomai Station (苫小牧駅, Tomakomai-eki) is a railway station in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).

## Lines

Tomakomai Station is served by the following lines.
* Muroran Main Line
** Chitose Line
* Hidaka Main Line

## Limited express trains

* Hokuto (Sapporo - Hakodate)
* Suzuran (Sapporo - Muroran)
The Following Services have Discontinued
* Cassiopeia (Ueno - Sapporo)
* Hokutosei (Ueno - Sapporo)

## Station layout

* Above-ground station with two platforms serving four tracks.

## History

The station opened on 1 August 1892.
# Bodduluri Rama Rao

Bodduluri Rama Rao is a former member of legislature of Andhra Pradesh and he is also a Telugu film producer.

## Early life

Bodduluri Ramarao belongs to the RamiReddypally village in the Krishna district. He is a well known personality of the Kamma community. He served as member of Andhra Pradesh Legislature for Jaggayyapet constituency during the period 1978. Bodduluri has a son, Venkateswararao Bodduluri, who is also an active politician in the Telugu Desam Party.

## Career
### Politics

Bodduluri was elected for the sixth Andhra Pradesh Legislature constituted on 3 May 1978 from Jaggayyapet constituency and remained inactive for a few years. Later in January 2009 he filed nominations for MLC but withdrew after the strategy meeting conducted in district headquarters. Bodduluri is strong supporter of Telangana movement and also a strong supporter of the Jai Andhra Movement. Bodduluri has actively organized protests seeking separate Andhra in various parts of Andhra Pradesh.

### Films

In 2007, he produced a film Mr. Medhavi with his grandson Gopichand Lagadapati under Life Style Art Pictures. The film was directed by G. Neelakanta Reddy and it features Raja Abel, Genelia D'Souza and Sonu Sood.

### Other works

Bodduluri is the President of Andhra Pradesh temple union employees and have fought for the implementation of G.O 65(A) as per date 26 July 2010. He is also a member of Central Board of Film Certification of Andhra Pradesh.
# Jutti

The Juti or Jutti is a type of footwear common in North India, Pakistan, and neighboring regions. They are traditionally made up of leather and with extensive embroidery, in real gold and silver thread as inspired by royalty in the subcontinent over 400 years ago.
Now with changing times, different juttis with rubber soles are made available. Today Amritsar and Patiala ("tilla jutti") are important trade centers for handcrafted juttis, from where they are exported all over the world to Punjabi diaspora. Closely related to Mojaris. Jutis have evolved into several localized design variations, even depending upon the shoemaker. However by large, they have no left or right distinction, and over time take the shape of the foot. They usually have flat sole, and are similar in design for both women and men, except for men they have a sharp extended tip, nokh curved upwards like traditional moustaches, and are also called khussa, and some women’s jutis are backless.
Even with changing times juttis have remained part of ceremonial attire, especially at North Indian weddings, the unembellished juttis are used for everyday use for both men and women in most of Punjab, mostly called "Jalsa Jutti" which is blackish in color.
Many Punjabi folk songs mention juttis, like Jutti kasuri peri na poori hai rabba sanu turna paiy and Jutti lagdi vairia mere.

## Overview

There is a wide variety of juttis (pronounced 'jeut-tii' in Punjabi or 'jeu-tea' in Hindi/Urdu) available for both men and women. During certain festivals special juttis are also fitted to the feet of cows. Elsewhere in India, juttis are commonly also known as mojari, while an alternative name in Pakistan is khussa. They are now very popular in the West too. Like mojaris, these are long shoes with the end curled upwards. They have been traditionally handed down over generations, with each generation contributing some variation to it. These are the traditional ethnic Indian footwear.
They are usually made of fine leather and are delicately embroidered with threads or beads. Juttis are slip-on in style and are characterized by rising high to the Achilles tendon in the back and covering the toes with a round or M-shaped heavily-embroidered upper, leaving the top of the foot nearly bare. Some feature extensive hand-done embroidery.
It is believed that one of the earliest examples of footwear worn on the Indian subcontinent is a sandal of wood, datable to circa 200 BC. During the 3rd and 4th centuries in the Buddhist period, it was quite common to wear strapped sandals and Indian kings wore sandals ornamented with precious jewels. Jain literature shows that leather was used for the making of shoes, which protected the toes from getting injured. Hides of cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep and other wild animals were used. Juttis have gained popularity in the West as well, appreciated for their unique style and craftsmanship.
# M. S. Partha Sarathi

M. S. Partha Sarathi (born 6 August 1961) was MLA representing Kadiri constituency. Presently, He is The Chairman of The Finance Committee of The Bharatiya Janata Party Andhra Pradesh.

## Early life

M.S. Partha Sarathi was born in Kadiri in Anantapur district to Laithamma and Satya Narayana Sreshti in 1961. He completed his schooling and intermediate in Kadiri and he did his B.A. Degree in Madanapalli Besant Theosophical College.

## Career

Sarathi started his career as a supporter of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) Mukhya Sikshak and worked as RSS Prachrak.
He then moved into politics as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (|BJP) and he contested and won the Kadiri constituency as their candidate in the Eleventh Andhra Pradesh state legislative assembly elections.

## Personal life

Sarathi is married to Sree Lakshmi. They have two children.

## Achievements

* He is the first BJP MLA elected from Rayalaseema Region.

## Positions held

* Ghata Nayak, RSS [Sayam sakha (Evening Branch), Kadiri] in the year 1970.
* Mukya Sikshak, RSS [Sayam sakha (Evening Branch), Kadiri] in the year 1972.
* Class pupil leader in the year1975.
* Founder Chairman, ABVP Madanapalli branch in the year 1976.
* Convener, Student agitation against congress leader attack on BT college students in the year 1979.
* Pracharakh, RSS (Kavali, Nellore Dist.) in the year 1980 to 1982.
* Convener, Punaragamanam (Back to Hindu religion from converted religions) at Bogha demma kanuma, Gandlapenta Mandal in the year 1983.
* Secretary, BJP (Anantapur Dist.) in the year 1983.
* BJP In-charge of Kadiri Assembly elections held on 1985(Independent candidate), 1989, 1994.
* BJP In-charge of Hindupur Parliament elections held on 1991, 1996, 1998.
* National Council member, BJP in the year 1995.
* MLA, Kadiri in the year 1999.
* Trasurer, BJLP, Andhra Pradesh in the year 1999.
* Member, Women and Child welfare committee in the year 1999.
* Member, Faction zone committee in the year 2001.
* President, BJP, Anantapur Dist. in the year 2005.
* Secretary, BJP, Andhra Pradesh in the year 2010.
* Chairman, State Finance Committee, BJP Andhra Pradesh in the year 2013.
# Super Dave: Daredevil for Hire

Super Dave: Daredevil for Hire is an animated television series produced by DIC Animation City and Reteitalia, S.p.A., in association with Spanish network Telecinco.
In the United States, the show premiered on September 12, 1992 on FOX. The series was cancelled after its first season, but a special based on the series titled The Super Dave Superbowl of Knowledge aired on January 29, 1994. It was later shown in reruns on Toon Disney from 1998-2002.
The show starred and was based on the comedy of Bob Einstein and his Super Dave Osborne persona. Both Bob Einstein and Art Irizawa provided the voices for Super Dave and his assistant, Fuji Hakayito, and also appeared as their characters in live-action skits which ended each episode.
Halfway through the show's initial run, Irizawa was asked to modify his voice for Fuji, following complaints to Fox from Asian-American groups that the character was an offensive stereotype. Irizawa subsequently re-recorded his dialogue for all of the show's episodes.

## Cast

* Bob Einstein as Super Dave Osborne
* Art Irizawa as Fuji Hakayito

### Additional

* Charlie Adler as Slash Hazard
* Jack Angel
* Jesse Corti
* Brian George
* Don Lake
* Susan Silo
* Kath Soucie
* Louise Vallance
* B. J. Ward
* Frank Welker

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Written by | Original release date |
| 1 | "Super Bowl, Super Bomb, Super Dave!" | Robert Askin | September 12, 1992 (1992-09-12) |
| 2 | "Space Case" | Reed Shelly & Bruce Shelly | September 19, 1992 (1992-09-19) |
| 3 | "Bullet Train Pain" | Richard Mueller & Bob Einstein | September 26, 1992 (1992-09-26) |
| 4 | "Con Job" | Bob Forward & Bob Einstein | TBA |
| 5 | "In His President’s Secret Service" | Rowby Goren | TBA |
| 6 | "The Fuji-tive" | Judy Rothman | TBA |
| 7 | "Double Agent Dave" | Phil Harnage | TBA |
| 8 | "Happy Trails" | Robert Askin | TBA |
| 9 | "Hazard Island" | J. Larry Carroll & David Bennett Carren | TBA |
| 10 | "Put Another Candle On My Birthday Cake" | Robert Askin | TBA |
| 11 | "Pain Nine from Outer Space" | Robert Askin | TBA |
| 12 | "Merry Christmas, Super Dave!" | Reed Shelly & Bruce Shelly | TBA |
| 13 | "Super’s Last Show" | Jack Hanrahan & Eleanor Burian-Mohr | 1993 (1993) |

## Home releases

In the United States, Buena Vista Home Video released two single-episode VHS's of the series in 1993, which featured the episodes "Space Case" and "Con Job".
A VHS tape of the series was released in the United Kingdom by Abbey Home Entertainment in February 1994, under their Tempo Kids Club label.
The series was later released onto DVD in South Korea in the 2000s.
# Superheroes Decoded

Superheroes Decoded is a 2017 television series of superhero documentaries that aired on History Channel.
Analysts include Stan Lee and George R.R. Martin. Anthony Mackie, the actor who plays Falcon in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, also gives input.
The series is narrated by Kevin Conroy, the actor who has voiced Bruce Wayne / Batman in numerous Batman media starting with Batman: The Animated Series.

## Episodes

* American Legends, 20 May 2017, focuses on Superman, Batman, Captain America and Spider-Man
* American Rebels, 27 May 2017, focuses on Black Panther, Wonder Woman, Luke Cage and Wolverine
# Surviving Nugent

Surviving Nugent is an American reality television series starring Ted Nugent that aired on VH1.

## Overview

Surviving Nugent is television series where contestants travel to rock star Ted Nugent's Texas ranch and live and compete in events of Nugent's choice. The series was filmed near Waco. Nugent suffered injuries on the series from a chainsaw accident.
# Ramayanam Sarveswara Sastry

Ramayanam Sarveswara Sastry (1889 – 1 October 1962) was a stage actor.
He was born in Bheemasingi village in Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh. His parents were Laxminarasimha Sastry, a pundit known as "Abhinava Bheemakavi" and Venkata Subbamma. His ancestors used to recite Hindu epic Ramayanam in the village regularly which garnered their family the name of Ramayanam.
Sastry completed his schooling in Rippon High School at Vizianagaram. He had a passion of playing dramas since childhood, hence, joined Vizianagram Amateur Theatrical Society in 1910 and played different roles till 1919. Later, he joined the Vijayarama Dramatic Academy of Vizianagaram Kingdom and was a part of it until, 1935. He also worked as a teacher in Branch College till 1947.
He played many characters on stage including: Rajasimha in Rasaputra Vijayam, Ramadas in Ramadasu, Srikrishna in Prasanna Yadavam, Pandavodyogam and Padmavyooham, Gayudu in Gayopakhyanam, Rustum in Vijayanagara Samrajya Patanam, Harischandra in Harischandra, Arjuna in Krishna Rayabaram, Nala in Chitra Naleeyam, Bilvamangal in Chintamani and Hiranyakashipu.
He has toured Madras and Machilipatnam in 1928 and portrayed many Ramadasu and Harischandra characters. He got about 20 medals from the different Zamindars.
He died on 1 October 1962 at Anakapalli.
# Swing Into Sports

Swing Into Sports is an American television series which ran Sundays at 8pm ET from 1947 to circa mid-1949.

## Production background

The series aired on New York City television station WABD, which at the time was the flagship station for the DuMont Television Network. The series is notable not just as an early example of sports-themed television programming, but for having a surviving episode from 1948 (see below).
Colonial Airlines began sponsoring Swing Into Sports on November 29, 1948. The series featured Joan Arliss (per Paley Center for Media) or Joan Kerwin (per Billboard magazine) and Chuck Tranum. Tranum is also known for having hosted Manhattan Spotlight.
Billboard magazine (see below) listed the sponsor as Transmirra Image Definer (misprinted as Transmirra Imgea Refiner), and the producer as Bob Loewi.

## Reception

The 22 November 1947 edition of Billboard gave the series a mixed review. A writer for the magazine said "As a low-budget live production, the concept behind the show is a fresh one which should provide interesting and relaxing diversion for home viewers - the kind of program badly needed by video. Execution, however, falls somewhat short of concept, altho it has improved considerably in recent weeks".

## Episode status

A single episode of this series is held by the Paley Center for Media, listed as having aired August 29, 1948.
# Dibromochloromethane

Dibromochloromethane is a colorless to yellow, heavy and nonflammable compound with formula CHBr $_2$Cl. It is a trihalomethane. The substance has a sweet odour. Small quantities of dibromochloromethane are produced in ocean by algae.

## Applications

Dibromochloromethane was formerly used as a flame retardant and as an intermediate in chemicals manufacturing. Today it is used only as a laboratory reagent. Dibromochloromethane is also a disinfection byproduct, formed by the reaction of chlorine with natural organic matter and bromide ions in the raw water supply. As a result, it is commonly found in chlorinated drinking water. Also, it is able to reduce methane production in ruminants by 79 %
# Carolina Marzán

Marta Carolina Marzán Pinto (born 22 December 1963) is a Chilean actress and politician who serves as a member of the Chamber of Deputies.
# William J. Clinton (Close)

William J. Clinton is a 2006 painting of Bill Clinton by American artist Chuck Close. It has been displayed in the National Portrait Gallery.
# Edward Searing

Edward Searing (July 14, 1835 – October 22, 1898) was an American educator.
Born in Aurora, New York, in Cayuga County, New York, Searing received his bachelor's and master's degree from the University of Michigan. In 1857, he moved to Wisconsin and taught school. Searing then moved to Milton, Wisconsin, in 1863 and became a professor at Milton College. Searing was elected Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin and served from 1874 to 1878. In 1880. Searing moved to Mankato, Minnesota, and became the first President of the Mankato Normal School now Minnesota State University, Mankato. Searing died in Saint Paul, Minnesota, on October 22, 1898, while at a normal school board meeting.
# Barguelonne

The Barguelonne (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Bargalona) is a 61.1-kilometre (38.0 mi) long river in the Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne and Lot-et-Garonne départements, southwestern France. Its source is near Terry, a hamlet in Pern. It flows generally southwest. It is a right tributary of the Garonne into which it flows between Golfech and Lamagistère.
Its main tributary is the Barguelonnette.

## Départements and communes along its course

This list is ordered from source to mouth:
* Lot: Pern, Lhospitalet, Flaugnac, Castelnau-Montratier
* Tarn-et-Garonne: Sauveterre, Tréjouls, Cazes-Mondenard, Lauzerte, Saint-Amans-de-Pellagal, Durfort-Lacapelette, Montbarla, Miramont-de-Quercy, Montesquieu, Saint-Nazaire-de-Valentane, Castelsagrat, Saint-Paul-d'Espis, Saint-Clair, Saint-Vincent-Lespinasse, Goudourville, Gasques, Valence
* Lot-et-Garonne: Clermont-Soubiran
* Tarn-et-Garonne: Golfech, Lamagistère