OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josef Knap

Josef Knap (28 July 1900 – 13 December 1973) was a Czech writer, poet and literary critic.
Born in Podůlší near Jičín, Knap studied at the Classical Grammar school until 1919. He graduated from the College of Philosophy at Charles University in Prague in 1924, with a degree in modern literature. During World War I and World War II, he traveled throughout Europe visiting countries including Germany, Sweden, Norway, Italy and France. From 1925 he worked in the theater department of the National Museum of Czechoslovakia. He stayed there until 1951, eventually becoming the museum's administrator. His time there was interrupted by the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, which he spent in Arbeitsansatz.
Because of theological themes in his work, Knap became a victims of the political persecution of Catholic intellectuals by the Communist government in the 1950s. In 1952, he was condemned without any evidence to eleven years in prison, but was released early in 1955 (he was pardoned in 1967 during a brief period of political freedom). After his release he worked as a building laborer, and later in the Memorial of National Literature. In the 1960s, he focused on the history of theater groups. Based on his work in this area, he published Umělcové na pouti (Czech Traveling artists) in 1961.
Knap died in Prague and is buried in Železnice by Jičín. In 1997, his memoirs were published under the name Bez poslední kapitoly (Czech Without the last chapter).

## Works

Knap's writings combine realistic and impressionistic elements. His inspiration came from northern European authors and some Czech writers, above all Antal Stašek, Karel Václav Rais and the impressionist Fráňa Šrámek. He devoted his work to rural themes.

### Short story collections

* Píseň na samotě (1924)
* Zaváté šlépěje (1929–1940)
* Žloutnou stráně (1929)
* Polní kytice, (1935)
* Trojlístek (1943)
* Čas kopřiv (1970)

### Novels

* Ztracené jaro (1922)
* Réva na zdi (1926)
* Muži a hory (1928)
* Vysoké jarní nebe (1932)
* Cizinec (1934)
* Puszta (1937)
* Dívčí hlas (1938)
* Věno (1944)
* Dokud vane vítr (1968)
* Vzdálená země (1969)
* Bez poslední kapitoly (1997) (memoirs)

### Professional works about theater

* Hilbert (1926)
* Zöllnerové: Dějiny divadelního rodu (1958)
* Umělcové na pouti: České divadelní společnosti v 19. století (1961)
* Čtyři herečky: Spurná, Vojtová, Brzková, Beníšková (1967)

### Historical works

* Alej srdcí (1920) – debut book of essays concerning Czech postwar poetry
* Úvod do krásné literatury (1924)
* Cesty a vůdcové: k literatuře let dvacátých (1926)
* Básníci selství (1932)
* Fráňa Šrámek (1937)
* Literatura české půdy (1939)
* Selma Lagerlöfová (1949) – studies concerning this significant Swedish female author

### Collections of poems

* Neznámému bohu (1929)
* Zaslechnutý hlas (1997) – verses from prison
# Bratoljub Klaić

Bratoljub Klaić (also Adolf Klaić; 27 July 1909 in Bizovac – 1983 in Zagreb) was a Croatian linguist and translator.

## Biography

He was born in the municipality of Bizovac in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia as Adolf Klaić. His father, Adolf Klotz, changed the family name to Klaić. After finishing classical gymnasium in Zagreb, and graduating at the Faculty of Philosophy the history of South Slavic languages and literatures, Czech and German, Bratoljub Klaić pursues further specialisation in Poland and Czech Republic. He received his Ph.D. in 1941 with the thesis Bizovačko narječje ('The dialect of Bizovac'). He was a professor at the gymnasium in Vukovar, Prijedor, Osijek and Zagreb, and at the Viša pedagoška škola in Zagreb. From 1950. he is a professor of Croatian language at the Academy for Theater and Film Arts.
As a member of the State Committee for Language in NDH, Klaić has, in collaboration with other members, arranged an orthographical handbook Koriensko pisanje ('Root-based writing'; 1942), and with Franjo Cipra also a voluminous Hrvatski pravopis ('Croatian orthography'; 1944, reprint in 1992), both based on the morphological-etymological principles in accordance with the official language policy.
He became famous for his Rječnik stranih riječi ('The dictionary of foreign words'), originally published in 1951 and printed in several editions, most recently in 2012. He translated from foreign languages (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Virgil etc.). As a versed accentologist, he published papers on Croatian prosody, leaving an orthoepical dictionary in MS. He commented and provided critical editions of various Croatian writers (e.g. in the edition Pet stoljeća hrvatske književnosti, 'The five centuries of Croatian literature') and linguistically adapted many theater and film performances. He practised diction with actors for the shows and was a main interpreter for unknown words. He studied Polish-Croatian cultural ties and wrote on them. Beside linguistics, he also studied literary theory (Između jezikoslovlja i nauke o književnosti, 'Between linguistics and the literary theory'; 1972).
In Croatian studies as well as in Croatian culture in general, Bratoljub Klaić left a permanent written and oral mark as a versed lexicographer and orthographical normativist.
# Smiljana Rendić

Smiljana Rendić (27 August 1926 – 26 May 1994) was a Croatian woman journalist, translator, vaticanist, judaist scholar, poet, notable for her reporting from Second Vatican Council and for her censorship by ruling Communist authorities of Yugoslavia due to her Catholicism and Croatian nationality.

## Biography

Rendić was born in Split, Croatia in 1926, in the family of Marko and Ivana (née Ruzinović) Rendić, where she attended the gymnasium. Her family's property was confiscated by the Communist authorities due to her father's activity in Croatian Peasants' Party. Hence she was unable to finish her higher education, she was firstly employed in Jugovinil factory. Later she moved to Rijeka, where thanks to her knowledge of Italian Rendić started working in the editorial committee of La Voce del Popolo newspaper. She also wrote for Pomorstvo ('Seamanship') magazine until 1972, as well as reported for Glas Koncila and other Catholic periodicals under the guise of her pseudonyms Vjera Marini and Madam Berith. Rendić also published her poems (mostly sonnets) in various periodicals.
Rendić was sued by the Communist authorities for her article The genitive exit or the Second Croatian revival in Kritika magazine (no. 18) in 1971, in which she criticized Yugoslav integralism and "linguistic colonisation" of Croatian language (as partially stated in Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language) and endorsed intellectual and academical requests of Croatian Spring. Rendić's advocate was Milan Vuković, who will later become president of the Supreme Court of Croatia. As a result of the show trial at the Supreme Court of SFRY in November 1973, Rendić was forcibly retired and sentenced to one-year prison punishment, while Kritika magazine was censored.
She was a member of the editorial committee of the Glas Koncila 1963–1994. For hers biblistic, judaistic and journalist work, she was awarded by Croatian Bishops' Conference's unique award Zlatno pero ('Golden feather') in 1988. Besides her, it wasn't awarded to anybody else.
Rendić died in May 1994 in her apartment in Trsat.

## Works

* Crni šator (Black tent), Glas Koncila, 1967.
* Crkva u getu (The Church in a ghetto), 1969. (manuscript)
* Katolički identitet i hrvatski preporod (Catholic identity and the Croatian national revival: Discussions, Criticism, Reports), Glas Koncila, Zagreb, 2012, ISBN 978-953-241-368-7.

## Legacy

The Smiljana Rendić Collection of the Archdiocesan Archives in Zagreb contains Rendić's documents, books, newspapers, articles and press clippings. Founded in 1930 in Split, it was enlarged by donations of Glas Koncila in 1994 and acquisition by the Archives in 2005.
# Miroslav Macek

Miroslav Macek (7 December 1944 – 1 May 2024) was a Czech politician and writer. He served as a deputy prime minister of Czechoslovakia.

## Life and career

Macek was born in Litomyšl, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In May 2006 Macek made international news when, coming from behind, he struck the Minister of Health David Rath at a dentists' conference, accusing him of having insulted his wife (after Rath had publicly stated that Macek had married his wife for money).
Macek was a member of Mensa International, being considered the first member from behind the Iron Curtain. He stated that he had become a member in 1980.
In 2017, he published his novel Saturnin se vrací (Saturnin Returns), a sequel to Zdeněk Jirotka's acclaimed novel, Saturnin.
Macek died on 1 May 2024, at the age of 79.

## Books by Macek

* Jak se stát labužníkem (2004)
* Saturnin se vrací (2017)
# Enn Soosaar

Enn Soosaar (13 February 1937 in Tallinn – 10 February 2010 in Keila) was an Estonian translator, critic, columnist and publicist. Soosaar translated the works of many American authors, including Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and Saul Bellow into Estonian and was instrumental in introducing American literature to an Estonian audience. Soosaar was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Tallinn. In February 1997, the Order of the National Coat of Arms, Class IV was bestowed on him. From 1944 to 1951, Soosaar studied at Hageri's 7-grade school, after which he attended high school from 1951 to 1954 at Tallinn's Second Gymnasium. From 1955 to 1956, he studied at the Tallinn Correspondence School. In 1964, he graduated from the distance education program at the Tartu State University with a degree in English philology.
# Vladimir Ivir

Vladimir Ivir MVO (November 1, 1934, Zagreb – February 21, 2011, Zagreb) was a Croatian linguist, lexicographer and translation scholar. He was the first Croatian theoretician of translation, highly appreciated among the European linguists.
Ivir's early interest was in English syntax. During his postgraduate research at University College London in 1962/63, under the supervision of Randolph Quirk, he completed a thesis on predicative adjectives. During his time in London, Ivir became interested in the "linguistic revolution" stemming from the ideas of Noam Chomsky, and, upon returning home, became the first Croatian linguist to write an outline of transformational linguistics.
He was the author of many Croatian textbooks for high schools, for learning English, and for secondary school programs for translators. In 2001 his home Faculty has established postgraduate study of Translatorship, based on Ivir's ideas and programs.
He was named Emeritus Professor at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, upon his retirement in 2004.
In Croatia, he became widely known as a person that interpreted many important events live, but is especially remembered for his simultaneous translation of the landing on the Moon in 1969. Ivir was also the official translator at the reception in Banski dvori during US President Richard Nixon's visit to Zagreb in 1970.

## Selected publications

* (1982) A contrastive analysis of English adjectives and their Serbo-Croatian correspondents (LCCN 94147360)
* (1991) Languages in Contact and Contrast: Essays in Contact Linguistics (= Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 54), Editor, with Damir Kalogjera (ISBN 978-0899257143)
* (1993) Croatian-English Dictionary of Business & Government (ISBN 978-0785997368)
* (1993) Hrvatsko-engleski poslovno-upravni rječnik (LCCN 94124627)
* (2000) Englesko-hrvatski poslovni rječnik (ed. Višnja Špiljak, Vladimir Ivir), Masmedia, Zagreb, 2000., ISBN 953-157-105-8
* (2007) Vladimir Ivir, Ilirjana Shehu: Hrvatsko-englesko-albanski rječnik poslovno administrativnog nazivlja s albansko-hrvatskim indeksom, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2007., ISBN 978-953-0-40233-1
* (2007) Hrvatsko-engleski rječnik poslovno-administrativnog nazivlja, 2007.
# Gracie Prior

Gracie Prior (born 2 December 2004) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender and midfielder for Women's Super League club Manchester City. A product of the City academy, she previously played on dual registration for National League North side Burnley.

## Youth career

Prior began her youth career with Avro under-7s girl team, prior to joining the Manchester City Academy under-12s in 2012. She went on to feature for the under-16s and the development team, making a total of 18 appearances for the latter, prior to joining the senior team.

## Club career
### Manchester City

On 26 October 2022, as an 81st minute substitute, Prior made her senior debut for the first team in the 2022–23 FA Women's League Cup group match against Blackburn Rovers.
On 14 August 2024, aged 19, Prior signed for her first professional contract with Manchester City on a four-year deal. Two weeks later, she played in City's 2024–25 pre-season fixtures in Australia, featuring in the starting eleven for friendly against Leicester City. Goal.com described her as having good composure and instincts in the game, as one of the most significant emerging youth talents in the side.
On 3 November 2024, she made her WSL debut against Crystal Palace in a 3–0 victory, coming on as a 61st minute substitute.

#### Burnley (dual registration)

On 8 October 2023, Prior joined National League North side Burnley on dual registration for the 2023–24 season, scoring one goal in fourteen appearances, while helping the side finish second place to become runners up of the league behind Newcastle United.

## International career

Prior has represented the England under-15s and England under-19s in friendly matches.

## Style of play

As a defender, Prior plays as a centre-back or centre-half, as well as at right-back. According to Mundo Deportivo, she is recognized for her "commanding presence on the field and exceptional vision and skills".

## Honours

Burnley F.C.
* FA National League: 2023–24 runner-up
# Eva Haldimann

Eva Haldimann (née Román; 8 March 1927 – 15 September 2019) was a Swiss literary critic and translator from Hungarian into German.

## Biography
### Education

Eva Haldimann received her PhD from the University of Zurich in 1956. Her thesis subject was about critical studies of translations of William Shakespeare.

### Literacy critic

She started a career as a literary critic in 1963 in the Swiss German newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung, particularly on contemporary Hungarian literature. She wrote more than 300 reviews and her credo was: See what Hungarian literature has to offer, in terms of quality, it can compete with the great European literature.
On 19 March 1977 she wrote a literary review of the novel Fatelessness by the Hungarian writer Imre Kertesz, describing it as the "novel of a desperate man" that helped to make it known in the West. Imre Kertész discovered by chance criticism in an abandoned newspaper in a Budapest swimming pool and a correspondence between literary critic and the writer began, also accompanied by several personal encounters. Imre Kertesz's letters were published in 2009 under the title Letters to Eva Haldimann.
Eva Haldimann was also a translator from Hungarian into German of several novels by the writer Magda Szabo.

## Prize

1991: Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary in recognition of its activity in the popularization of Hungarian literary works abroad
1992: Honorary member of the Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts,
# 1945 in British television

This is a list of British television related events from 1945.

## Events

    There are no events for 1945 in British television, as broadcasting had been suspended for the duration of the Second World War. This was done amid fears that the signals would help German bombers. Television broadcasting resumed in 1946.

## Births

* 21 January – Martin Shaw, English actor
* 4 February – Tony Haygarth, English actor (died 2017)
* 13 February – Simon Schama, historian
* 16 February – Jeremy Bulloch, English actor (died 2020)
* 8 March - Micky Dolenz, American musician, actor and writer
* 7 April – Martyn Lewis, television news presenter and journalist
* 10 April – James Bate, actor (died 1992)
* 21 April – Diana Darvey, actress, singer and dancer (died 2000)
* 14 May – Francesca Annis, actress
* 3 June – Bill Paterson, Scottish actor
* 15 June – Nicola Pagett, Egyptian-born actress (died 2021)
* 10 July – John Motson, football commentator (died 2023)
* 26 July – Helen Mirren, actress
* 1 August – Laila Morse, actress
* 5 August – Martin Lambie-Nairn, designer (died 2020)
* 6 August – Ron Jones, director (died 1993)
* 14 September – Martin Tyler, football commentator
* 14 October – Lesley Joseph, actress
* 30 December – Davy Jones, English singer, member of The Monkees (died 2012)
# IPG Group

IPG (Information Process Group) is a Swiss identity management services provider and consulting company, established in 2001. The headquarters are in Winterthur, Switzerland with subsidiaries in Austria and Germany.

## History

IPG was founded in 2001. In 2006, the company opened a subsidiary in Hamburg, Germany. IPG also launched self-developed software Rolmine for role modeling. In 2010, the company opened a branch in Vienna. Rolemine software was sold to Beta Systems Software AG. In 2013, IPG introduced "IAM as a Service" as a managed service in 2013.
In 2017, the company partnered among others with Beyond Trust, specializing in cyber security to expand IPG Group's product offering. In May 2019 the company won 6.9 million euros public tender of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) for the introduction and later operation of an IAM. The same year the company has signed Mike Elfner as Head Business Consulting for Switzerland and Austria. In the beginning of 2020 the company opened new office in Dresden.
In 2021 Timetoact Group acquired the majority of the shares of IPG. After the acquisition, IPG will continue to operate independently. In 2021, Claudio Fuchs took over the position as a CEO and replaced Co-founder Marco Rohrer, who remains with the company as chairman of the board of directors.

### Operations

IPG offers IAM services. The company provides advisory, implementation, and application operation of Identity, Governance & Access Management.
# 1984 Belizean general election

General elections were held in Belize on 14 December 1984. The result was a victory for the opposition United Democratic Party, which won 21 of the 28 seats. Voter turnout was 75.0%.

## Background

The elections were the first in Belize since it achieved full independence from the United Kingdom in 1981. In its more than 30 years of existence, the ruling People's United Party had never lost an election at the national level, whilst the opposition had never won more than six seats (out of a possible eighteen in 1974). However, by 1984 the PUP were presiding over an economy in recession and that had just recently been bailed out by the IMF. The party was internally fractured and faced a United Democratic Party that had made significant gains since losing the last general election in 1979. Senator Manuel Esquivel – who Prime Minister George Price defeated in his own House constituency in 1979 – became UDP leader in December 1983.
The ongoing border dispute with Guatemala was also a campaign issue, with the UDP criticising Price's negotiations. The UDP advocated for foreign direct investment to help reduce the unemployment rate.
Just a few months before the election, Price ordered a redistricting of electoral boundaries. This created 10 new constituencies for a total of 28, but the majority were upset because of claims that the PUP drew the boundaries with victory in mind. Esquivel was elected in the newly created Caribbean Shores House constituency, while Price himself was defeated in his Freetown constituency after over 30 years of continuous service in the House of Representatives and its predecessors. Esquivel succeeded Price as prime minister to become the first non-PUP leader in the nation's history. Price continued to lead the PUP from outside the National Assembly while Florencio Marin became Leader of the Opposition.

## Results

| | United Democratic Party | 25,756 | 54.07 | 21 | +16 |
| | People's United Party | 20,961 | 44.00 | 7 | –6 |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 708 | 1.49 | 0 | New |
| | Independents | 213 | 0.45 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 47,638 | 100.00 | 28 | +10 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 47,638 | 98.61 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 673 | 1.39 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 48,311 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 64,447 | 74.96 | | |
| Source: Elections and Boundaries Department ||||||
# Govindghat

Govindghat is a town in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India, located at the confluence of the Alaknanda and the Lakshman Ganga rivers. It lies around 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Joshimath on NH58 at an altitude of 6,000 feet (1,800 metres).
# Washoe Creek

Washoe Creek is a perennial stream located in Sonoma County, California. It is about 2 mi (3 km) long and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa.
Washoe Creek rises in the low lying Meacham Hills southwest of the city of Cotati. It descends to the northeast, flowing under Roblar Road and Stony Point Road. It then turns northward and parallels Stony Point Road, crossing under West Sierra Avenue and Madrone Avenue. Gravenstein Highway (State Route 116) crosses the creek, which then enters an artificial channel. Gossage Creek enters from the west, and shortly thereafter the creek ends at a confluence with the Laguna de Santa Rosa just west of Rohnert Park.
The original native riparian vegetation was likely riparian woodland, with Valley Oak savanna and grassland on the upland east and west. The native habitats have been largely altered or replaced, due to the modern uses of grazing, agriculture, and urban development. In stream nitrate concentrations are noticeably higher for Washoe Creek than other watercourses within the Laguna de Santa Rosa watershed. The lower reach is under consideration for a restoration project.

## History

This area was settled at least as early as 2000 BC by the Coast Miwok peoples, who built small villages along the banks of Washoe Creek and other local watercourses. These early peoples were gatherers and utilized resources of the creek as well as upland areas for subsistence. In 1833 this entire area around present Cotati was part of a Mexican land grant.
One of the area's American pioneers was Robert Ayres, who in 1859 built Washoe House near the creek's headwaters.
In the early 1900s, a rock quarry on Petersen Road (Gossage Creek watershed) was abandoned, and a new quarry was begun on Stony Point Road. The creek lies just across Stony Point Road from the current quarry site.