OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dzhan-Ali of Kazan

Dzhan-Ali (Volga Türki and Persian: جان علی; Russian: Джан-Али, Tatar: Җангали / Canğali; in Russian chronicles as Yanaley / Yenaley, Яналей, Еналей; 1516–1535) was ruler of the Khanate of Qasim in 1519–1532 and then Khanate of Kazan in 1532–1535. He was the son of Qasim khan Sheikh Auliyar (Şäyexäwliyär) (r. 1512-15) and younger brother of Qasim khan Shah-Ali (Şahğali) (r. 1515-19).
When Shah Ali moved to Kazan Jan Ali took the throne. The Qasim Khanate was a vassal state of Muscovy. Canghali as its ruler had close ties with Muscovy.
In 1532 Vasili III of Russia defeated Kazan, khan Safagäräy fled and the 16-year-old Canghali was brought in as a pro-Russian ruler of the bigger and generally independent Kazan Khanate. In 1533 Canghali married Söyembika, the daughter of Nogay nobleman. During his reign he was completely manipulated by Bulat Shirin (Bulat Şirin, /boo-LAHT shee-RREEN/) and queen Gawharshat (Gäwhärşat, /geh-w-ha-rr-SHAHT/), widow or sister of Moxammat Amin khan. During 1535 coup of Kazan nobility, he lost the throne and was exiled to Iske Qazan. Older sources (Howorth) say that he was killed.
# Henry Corbould

Henry Corbould (1787–1844) was an English artist and draughtsman.

## Life

Henry Corbould was born in London, on the 11 August 1787. He was the third son of Richard Corbould and Charlotte Phillipson. He studied painting with his father, and was at an early age admitted as a student of the Royal Academy, under Fuseli, where he gained the silver medal for a study from the life. While at the Academy he made the friendship of Flaxman, Stothard, West, Chantrey, and Westmacott. He several times sat as a model to West in whose picture of 'Christ Rejected' his head was painted for that of St. John; as also in that of 'Christ Healing the Sick in the Temple,' in the National Gallery. In 1808 he exhibited a painting of 'Coriolanus'; in the following year 'The Parting of Hector and Andromache,' and 'Thetis comforting Achilles,' &c.; but his name has been comparatively little before the public except as a designer for books, his time having been almost entirely occupied in making drawings from ancient marbles in the possession of various English noblemen. Those of the Woburn Abbey Marbles, made for the Duke of Bedford, were engraved, but only circulated among a few of his Grace's private friends. This was also the case with those executed for the Earl of Egremont.
The collection of Ancient Marbles in the British Museum, on which he was engaged for about thirty years, was in course of publication at the time of his death. He was also occasionally employed in making drawings for the Dilettanti and Antiquarian Societies, of which he was a member. He was devotedly attached to art, and was surpassed by few in professional knowledge; no painter of his time was more thoroughly acquainted with drawing; and his copies from the antique may be referred to as models of accuracy and truth. Nor was he by any means without fancy and invention: some of his book illustrations are among the most graceful and effective productions of the age; and few designers ever more completely entered into the spirit of the author.
Corbould died at Robertsbridge, on 9 December 1844, of an attack of apoplexy, supposed to have been brought on by exposure to cold.
His son Edward Henry Corbould was also an artist.
# 1991 Furman Paladins football team

The 1991 Furman Paladins football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their sixth year under head coach Jimmy Satterfield, the Paladins compiled an overall record of 7–4 with a mark of 4–3 in conference play, finishing fourth in the SoCon.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 7 | at Connecticut* | No. 6 | Memorial StadiumStorrs, CT | W 35–24 | 9,108 |
| September 14 | Liberty* | No. 6 | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | W 31–7 | 14,014 |
| September 21 | Presbyterian* | No. 3 | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | W 52–7 | 12,511 |
| September 28 | at Western Carolina | No. 3 | Whitmire StadiumCullowhee, NC | W 42–14 | 12,445 |
| October 5 | at VMI | No. 2 | Alumni Memorial FieldLexington, VA | W 46–28 | 8,223 |
| October 12 | No. 13 Marshall | No. 2 | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | L 35–38 | 16,125 |
| October 19 | No. 16 Appalachian State | No. 9 | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | L 23–26 $^{3OT}$ | 13,082 |
| November 2 | East Tennessee State | No. 13 | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | W 52–23 | 12,922 |
| November 9 | at Georgia Tech* | No. 11 | Bobby Dodd StadiumAtlanta, GA | L 17–19 | 40,039 |
| November 16 | Chattanooga | No. 12 | Paladin StadiumGreenville, SC | W 24–21 | 16,579 |
| November 23 | at The Citadel | No. 10 | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC (rivalry) | L 6–10 | 21,623 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# La Rondinaia

La Rondinaia is a villa in Ravello on the Amalfi Coast in southern Italy. The property was owned by American writer Gore Vidal from 1972 to 2006.

## History

Initially, the property was part of the Villa Cimbrone, owned by Ernest Beckett, 2nd Baron Grimthorpe. His daughter Lucy had La Rondinaia built around 1930 and began living there. It is built on the edge of a cliff, hence its name "The swallows nest" (rondine means swallow in Italian). It has six floors and is 600 square metres (6,500 sq ft) in size. The surrounding garden is 4 hectares (9.9 acres).

### Residence of Gore Vidal

La Rondinaia was purchased by American writer Gore Vidal in 1972. Vidal's longtime companion Howard Austen found the villa through a classified ad in Rome's Il Messaggero. It had four bedrooms, a sauna, a fitness center, and servant quarters. Vidal added a pool to the property in 1984.
Critic David Cunningham referred to La Rondinaia as "perhaps the last great author's home/artistic salon". Vidal hosted many notable guests, including Paul Newman, Greta Garbo, Princess Margaret, Mick Jagger, Bianca Jagger, Andy Warhol, Jed Johnson, Bruce Springsteen, Tennessee Williams, Italo Calvino, and Hillary Clinton. After Austen died in 2003, and due to his failing health, Vidal posted it for sale around 2004 for around €14,000,000. It was eventually sold to Vincenzo Palumbo, a local hotelier, in 2006.

### Later history

In 2015, Palumbo offered the property for sale at £20,000,000. The villa can now be rented.

## In popular culture

The villa was one location for the 2004 movie The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou.
# Martin Kennedy (composer)

Martin Kennedy (born March 24, 1978) is a pianist and composer of contemporary classical music.

## Early life and education

Martin Kennedy was born in Wakefield, England to Barry and Ann Kennedy, and moved with them as a young child to the United States. He grew up in Pennsylvania and Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where he attended Central High School. As a youth, he played piano and composed pieces for the Tuscaloosa Children's Theatre, Theatre Tuscaloosa and the Frank M. Moody Concert Hall, winning national awards and recognition for his work. He earned a Bachelor of Music degree in piano performance and composition, as well as a Master of Music in composition, from the Jacobs School of Music. In 2005, he received his Doctorate in Music Composition from the Juilliard School where he studied as a C.V. Starr fellow under Milton Babbitt and Samuel Adler.

## Career

After receiving his doctorate, Kennedy became assistant professor of theory and composition at the Department of Music in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. He has written extensively for orchestra, chamber ensembles, and solo instruments, working with Tuscaloosa Symphony Orchestra music director Shin-ik Hahm and pianist Molly Morkoski. In 2015, Kennedy was director of composition and theory at the music department of Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. In 2023, he wrote a “Bandshell Fanfare” for the 100th Anniversary of the Naumburg Bandshell’s opening, performed at the Naumburg Orchestral Concerts, in the Naumburg Bandshell, Central Park, in the summer series.

## Awards and recognition

Kennedy's awards include first prize in the '2 Agosto' International Composing Competition, five ASCAP Morton Gould Young Composer Awards, a BMI Young Composer Award, the 1999 Raymond Hubbel award, the Indiana University Dean's Prize in composition in 1998 and 2002, the 2010 ASCAP Rudolf Nissim Prize for Best Orchestral Work, the Suzanne and Lee Ettleson Prize, an Aaron Copland Award, and residencies at the MacDowell and Yaddo artist colonies. He was Composer-In-Residence for the Alabama Symphony Orchestra. His music is published by Theodore Presser Company and G. Schirmer Inc.

## Selected works
### Orchestral works

* Drift (2021)
* Forest Dark and Stars Above (2018)
* Siren, blind (2016)
* Three Pieces for Orchestra (1999)

### Concerti

* Pull Pin and Throw for trombone and orchestra (2021)
* Violin Concerto (2020)
* Sonata for violin and orchestra (John Corigliano, arr. Kennedy) (2012)
* Trivial Pursuits for violin and orchestra (2009)
* Piano Concerto (2008)
* Totentanz for violin and orchestra (Franz Liszt, arr. Kennedy and Lara St. John) (2007)
* Flute Concerto (1999)

### Chamber music

* Dry Falls for two guitars (2021)
* An Affirmation for chamber choir (2015)
* Distant Channels for bass trombone and percussion (2014)
* Czardashian Rhapsody (arr.) for violin and piano (2013)
* Desplazamiento for piccolo and piano (2013)
* Trivial Pursuits for violin and piano (2009)
* Four Songs for flute and piano (1998)
* These Parting Gifts for two violins and piano (1997)
* Souvenir for flute and piano (1995)
# Never the Twain Shall Meet (1925 film)

Never the Twain Shall Meet is a 1925 American silent South Seas drama film based on the book by Peter B. Kyne, produced by MGM and directed by Maurice Tourneur, starring Anita Stewart and featuring Boris Karloff in an uncredited bit part. It was remade as talking picture in 1931 at MGM by director W. S. Van Dyke. This is one of Tourneur's many lost and sought after films.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Tamea, whose mother was Polynesian and her father French, leaves the island where her father governs and goes with him on a trade trip to San Francisco. When they arrive in port, the health officers find that the father is a leper, and he jumps into the water and is drowned. Tamea is taken to the home of Dan Pritchard, the junior partner of the firm that her father traded through. With his friend Mark Mellenger, Dan tries to show the visiter a good time around town. Although Dan is engaged to Maisie Morrison, a young society woman, his affections are drawn to Tamea. When she hastily leaves for home, Dan follows her. She falls violently in love with him and they are married according to the native custom of the island. The South Seas gets into his blood and Dan falls into moral dissolution. Mark arrives on the island to visit him with Maisie in tow. Dan returns to San Francisco and marries Maisie while Mark on the island to comfort Tamea.

## Cast

* Anita Stewart as Tamea
* Bert Lytell as Dan Pritchard
* Huntley Gordon as Mark Mellenger
* Justine Johnstone as Maisie Morrison
* George Siegmann as James Muggridge
* Lionel Belmore as Gaston Larrieau
* William Norris as Squibbs
* Emily Fitzroy as Mrs. Pippy
* Princess Marie De Bourbon as Miss Smith
* Florence Turner as Julia
* James Wang as Sooey Wan
* Ben Deeley as Doctor (*posthumous release)
* Tom Ricketts as Andrew J. Casson (credited as Thomas Ricketts)
* Ernest Butterworth as Captain Hackett
* Roy Coulson as Assistant Doctor
* Boris Karloff as Bit Part (uncredited)
# Tornwaldt's disease

Tornwaldt's disease is the inflammation or abscess of the embryonic cyst of pharyngeal bursa. It is located in the midline of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. It is covered anteriorly by mucosa in the adenoid mass. It is bounded posteriorly by longus muscle.

## Signs and symptoms

The symptoms usually appear when there is inflammation of pharyngeal bursa causing Tornwaldt cyst. This is caused by spontaneous drainage in the nasopharyngeal cavity or because of involvement of nervous plexus. The symptoms are occipital headache, cough, middle ear effusion, cervical myalgia, and halitosis, i.e. bad breath. When there is an enlargement of the cyst, it causes symptoms like nasal obstruction, post-nasal discharge with foul-smelling odour, blockage of the Eustachian tube causing otalgia and secretory otitis media, retro-orbital pain.

## Cause

Tornwaldt's disease is caused by many different causative agents of stimulus. This includes excessive alcohol and tobacco, which causes a decrease in local immune resistance so the pathogenic microbes take advantage, leading to the disease. Frequent contact with high temperature, malnutrition, chronic heart disease, kidney disease, joint disease, poor living and working conditions and contact with dust and harmful gases leads to Tornwaldt's disease.

## Pathogenesis

Tornwaldt's disease is a rare benign disorder caused by persistent notochord remnants. This disease almost remains asymptomatic. At about the 10th week of embryonic development, the pharyngeal pouch forms by adhesion of the pharyngeal ectoderm to the cranial end of the notochord. This become closed at the orifice or crusts adhere to the orifice without closing. The contact between these remnants and pharyngeal ectoderm leads to the growth of respiratory epithelium. This forms Tornwaldt's bursa which drains into the nasopharyngeal cavity. This only forms a cyst when the orifice is partially or completely obstructed by infection. A Tornwaldt's cyst progresses to Tornwaldt's disease only after infection or inflammation occurs.

## Diagnosis

A CT scan shows a solid mass of Tornwaldt's cyst and MRI shows a glass-shaped lesion with fluid on the upper part of the posterior nasopharyngeal wall. Additionally, a cystic mass in the upper part of the nasopharyngeal wall and mucopurulent discharge from upper part of the mass can be seen on nasal endoscopy. Among them MRI is the best for diagnosing the Tornwaldt's cyst.

## Treatment

Antibiotics are given to treat the infection. If there is a large symptomatic lesion, surgery by transnasal endoscopic marsupialisation is the treatment option because it is safe, fast and provides good visualization during surgery. For small lesions, the endonasal approach is recommended.

## History

Tornwaldt's disease was noted by Mayer in 1840. He noted it in an autopsy specimen but founded as a pathologic entity by German physician Gustavus L. Tornwaldt in 1855. Only a few cases have been reported in Japan between 1929 and 1992. In 2008–2009, six patients were diagnosed to have nasopharyngeal bursitis, of which four were male and two female.
# Pinchas Steinberg

Pinchas Steinberg (born 13 December 1945) is an Israeli-German conductor and violinist. He is currently the Chief Conductor of the Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra.

## Early career

Steinberg studied violin in the USA under Jascha Heifetz and Joseph Gingold. He also studied composition under Boris Blacher in Berlin.
His conducting debut was in 1974 with the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, followed by invitations to conduct the Philharmonia Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic and London Symphony Orchestra.

## Guest Conducting

Steinberg was the Guest Conductor of the major European and American orchestras, including the Berlin Philharmonic, Czech Philharmonic, Orchestre de Paris, Orchestre National de France, Santa Cecilia Orchestra in Rome, Budapest Festival Orchestra, Israel Philharmonic, NHK Symphony Orchestra (Tokyo), Munich Philharmonic, Cleveland Orchestra, Boston Symphony Orchestra & Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Royal Stockholm Philharmonic, among many others.

## Festival Appearances

Guest appearances have included the festivals of Salzburg, Munich, Berlin, Prague, Bratislava, Vienna, Verona, Grenada, Orange and the Richard Strauss Festival in Garmisch.

## Opera

Steinberg’s Opera performances include the Vienna State Opera, Covent Garden London, San Francisco, Paris, Rome Turin, Naples, Madrid, Barcelona, Munich, Berlin and Hamburg. His La Scala debut was in 2010, leading the Orchestra Filarmonica della Scala in 3 concerts of Robert Schumann’s Scenes from Goethe's Faust.

## Notable Achievements

* 1988 to 1993, Permanent Guest Conductor at the Vienna State Opera
* 1989 to 1996, Chief conductor Radio Symphony Orchestra in Vienna
* 2002-2005 Music director of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande in Geneva.
* 2014–present, Chief conductor of the Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra

## Acclaimed Recordings & Repertoire

* Alfredo Catalani: La Wally (1990)
* Jules Massenet: Chérubin (1992) (awarded the Grand Prix du Disque, the Diapason d'Or, the German Critics Prize and the Caecilia Prize Bruxelles)
* Richard Wagner: Der fliegende Holländer (1993)
* Richard Strauss: Die Schweigsame Frau (2002)
* Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: La Clemenza Di Tito (2006)
# John Gaughan

John Gaughan (born 1940) is an American manufacturer of magic acts and equipment for magicians based in Los Angeles, California. His style of work is classic, not based heavily on machinery and technology.
Professional illusionists have noted his work, such as David Blaine, who has several times called him "a magical genius". Jamy Ian Swiss called him "America's premiere illusion builder". Gaughan has built illusions for magicians and other performers including Harry Blackstone Jr., Doug Henning, Alice Cooper, Michael Jackson, Alan Wakeling, Mark Wilson, Criss Angel, David Copperfield, David Blaine, Simon Drake, and The Doors, and is responsible for the construction of dozens of major acts. He also has constructed a replica of the 18th century chess-playing machine, The Turk, which often tours chess conferences.
Gaughan created David Copperfield's flying illusion, which is notable for its graceful motion and unencumbered appearance. Gaughan held a patent on a method for creating the illusion of flight. Gaughan also created a "one-of-a-kind" prop for Mark Wilson Productions for a National Fire Prevention Week Event. Using a standard golf cart chassis, John and his team created "Snuffy". Snuffy was a "magical" boiler type fire engine that seemed to drive along without any visible driver.
# China Policy Institute

The China Policy Institute (CPI) is a research centre in the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, that is focused on various aspects of contemporary China. It has a remit to disseminate policy relevant insights from academic research and to actively engage policymakers, society and business actors. The CPI works closely with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and other stakeholders. It also publishes an online magazine CPI: Analysis.
The Director of the China Policy Institute is Jonathan Sullivan. Former Directors include Richard Pascoe, currently executive director of the Great Britain China Centre, and Steve Tsang, current Director of the SOAS China Institute.
# Abondance cattle

The Abondance is a French breed of dairy cattle. It originated in the high valleys of Haute-Savoie and shares its name with the commune and valley of Abondance and the former canton of Abondance [fr] in that region. Its area of origin lies within the former Chablais province of the Duchy of Savoy, and until the late nineteenth century it was for that reason known as the Chablaisienne.
It is distributed principally in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and is well adapted to rough grazing on mountain terrain. It is the fourth-most numerous French breed of dairy cattle; most of the milk produced is used to make Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée cheeses such as Abondance and Reblochon.

## History

The Abondance originated in the French or Savoyard part of the former Chablais province of the Duchy of Savoy, and until the late nineteenth century it was for that reason known as the Chablaisienne. A herd-book was started in 1891$^{:98}$ or 1894, and the name was changed at that time to the present one.$^{:98}$
It is the fourth-most numerous French breed of dairy cattle, and is distributed principally in the former administrative regions of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes, now merged to form Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.$^{:98}$ In 2021 there was a total population of about 78000 head, with 260 bulls and 44148 breeding cows distributed in almost 2000 herds; in 2024 the conservation status of the breed was "not at risk". Some have been exported to countries in Africa and Asia and to Canada and South Africa;$^{:98}$ in 2024 none were reported to DAD-IS from any country other than France.

## Characteristics

The cattle are of medium size: cows weigh between 550 and 800 kg and stand on average some 1.33 m at the withers; bulls weigh some 850 to 1100 kg, with an average height of 1.46 m.$^{:98}$
The coat is a rich mahogany red, with white head, belly, lower legs and tail switch; there are patches of red round the eyes. Horns are present in both sexes; they are light, black-tipped and set on high.$^{:146}$

## Use

The cattle are reared for milk, for meat and for conservation grazing;$^{:196}$ they forage well on coarse pasture. The average milk yield is 6274 kg$^{:98}$ or about 5950 kg in a standardised lactation of 302 days. The milk contains on average 3.74% milk fat and 3.29% protein. Some 80% of it is traditionally used to produce Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée cheeses such as Reblochon, Abondance, Tome des Bauges and Beaufort and Indication Géographique Protégée cheeses such as Émmental de Savoie and Tomme de Savoie.$^{:39}$
# Curvature Carpathians

The Curvature Carpathians (Romanian: Carpații de Curbură; Hungarian: Kárpátkanyar) are the Southernmost stretch of the Eastern Carpathians, stretching from the Trotuș River to the Prahova River. The highest peak is Ciucaș (1954 m).
The Curvature Carpathians are one of the three traditional classifications of the Eastern Carpathians in Romania:
* In the north, the Carpathians of Maramureș and Bucovina (Munții Carpaţi ai Maramureșului și Bucovinei).
* In the center, the Carpathians of Moldavia and Transylvania (Munții Carpați Moldo-Transilvani).
* In the south, the Curvature Carpathians (Munții Carpați de Curbură).
They include:
* Bârsa Mountains (Munții Bârsei)
* Ciucaș Mountains (Munții Ciucaș)
* Buzău Mountains (Munții Buzăului)
* Vrancea Mountains (Munții Vrancei)
* Baiu Mountains (Munții Baiului or Munții Gârbova)
* Brașov Depression (Depresiunea Brașovului)
Geologically, based on the divisions of the Carpathians, the entirety of the Curvature Carpathians are part of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.