# Society of Professional Journalists

The Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), formerly known as Sigma Delta Chi, is the oldest organization representing journalists in the United States. It was established on April 17, 1909, at DePauw University, and its charter was designed by William Meharry Glenn.

## History

The Society of Professional Journalists was established on April 17, 1909, as a men's professional fraternity named Sigma Delta Chi. Its ten founding members were:
* Gilbert C. Clippinger
* Charles A. Fisher
* William M. Glenn
* H. Hedges
* L. Aldis Hutchens
* Edward H. Lockwood
* LeRoy H. Millikan
* Eugene C. Pulliam
* Paul M. Riddick
* Lawrence H. Sloan.
The organization continued to function as a fraternity until 1960 when it became a professional society. At the 1969 San Diego convention, Sigma Delta Chi decided to begin admitting women into the society. In 1973, the society changed its name to Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi. In 1988, the present Society of Professional Journalists name was adopted.
The stated mission of SPJ is to promote and defend the First Amendment guarantees of freedom of speech and freedom of the press; encourage high standards and ethical behavior in the practice of journalism; and promote and support diversity in journalism.

### Code of Ethics

It has also drawn up a Code of Ethics that aims to inspire journalists to adhere to high standards of behavior and decision-making while performing their work. Last updated in 2014, this code of ethics has been what the SPJ has been best known for.

## Chapters

SPJ has had as many as 300 chapters across the United States, which Sarah Scire wonders how well this system is well-suited for the digital age.

## Membership

As of 2023, membership has declined from its peak around 10,000 members to more than 4,000 members. The declining number of journalists in the United States appears largely responsible for the decline as well as the organization's inability to afford to put on a conference in 2024.

## Activities

The society's chapters bring educational programming to local areas and offer regular contact with other media professionals. SPJ initiatives include a Legal Defense Fund that wages court battles to secure First Amendment rights; the Project Sunshine campaign, to improve the ability of journalists and the public to obtain access to government records; the magazine Quill; and the annual Sigma Delta Chi Awards, which honor excellence in journalism.

## Awards
### Eugene S. Pulliam First Amendment Award

The Eugene S. Pulliam First Amendment Award is awarded annually by the Society of Professional Journalists in honor of publisher Eugene S. Pulliam's dedication to First Amendment rights and values. The award seeks "to honor a person or persons who have fought to protect and preserve one or more of the rights guaranteed by the First Amendment."
| Year | Recipient |
| 2020 | The Post and Courier |
| 2019 | Spotlight Team, Boston Globe |
| 2018 | Kansas City Star |
| 2017 | Better Government Association |
| 2015 | The Columbus Dispatch and the Student Press Law Center |
| 2014 | Associated Press |
| 2013 | Gina Barton, John Diedrich and Ben Poston, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |
| 2012 | Carol Marbin Miller, Miami Herald |
| 2011 | Associated Press |
| 2010 | Renee Dudley, The Island Packet of Bluffton, S.C. |
| 2009 | Jill Riepenhoff and Todd Jones, The Columbus Dispatch |
| 2008 | Jim Schaefer & M.L. Elrick, Detroit Free Press |
| 2007 | Joe Adams, The Florida Times-Union |
| 2006 | Terry Francke, Peter Scheer, and the California First Amendment Coalition |
| 2005 | Kate Martin and the Center for National Security Studies |
| 2004 | Dan Christensen, Miami Daily Business Review |
| 2003 | Seth Rosenfeld, San Francisco Chronicle |
| 2002 | William Lawbaugh, Mount Saint Mary's University |
| 1997 | Jonathan Marshall, Scottsdale Daily Progress |

### Kunkel Awards

Responding to concerns originating in the Gamergate controversy, in 2015 the SPJ launched the Kunkel Awards (named after pioneering video game journalist Bill Kunkel) for game journalism. The award was folded into the Mark of Excellence Awards in 2020.
| Year | Recipient |
| 2019 | Super Bunnyhop, Alex Andrejev (Washington Post), Luke Winkie (The Atlantic), Kenneth Niemeyer (Daily Mississippian), Alex Andrejev (Washington Post), Ferris Jabr (New York Times Magazine) |
| 2018 | Mark Brown, Megan Fernandez (Indianapolis Monthly), Lydia Niles (The Daily Orange), Felix Gillette (Bloomberg), Cecilia D'Anastasio (Kotaku) |
| 2017 | My Life in Gaming, Brian Crecente (Polygon), Caroline Bartholomew (The Daily Orange), Simon Parkin (Nautilus), Jason Schreier(Kotaku) |
| 2016 | Brad Glasgow (Allthink), Richard Moss (Polygon)/Ben Sailer (Kill Screen), Aiden Strawhun (Kotaku), Danny O'Dwyer (Noclip) |
| 2015 | Kotaku, The Guardian, Super Bunnyhop, Innuendo Studios, Ars Technica |

### Helen Thomas Award for Lifetime Achievement

The Helen Thomas lifetime achievement award was awarded by the SPJ between 2000 and 2010. It was named after Helen Thomas, who received the first award in 2000. The award was discontinued in 2011 due to the controversy surrounding Thomas's statements about Jews and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
| Year | Recipient |
| 2010 | David Perlman (science journalist for the San Francisco Chronicle) |
| 2009 | Robert Churchwell |
| 2008 | Caryl Rivers (Boston University) |
| 2007 | Chuck Stone (first president of the National Association of Black Journalists) |
| 2006 | Stan Chambers (KTLA, Los Angeles) |
| 2005 | Alan Walden (WBAL Baltimore) |
| 2004 | Tom Brokaw (NBC News) |
| 2003 | Ed Barber (The Independent Florida Alligator) |
| 2002 | Tom and Pat Gish (The Mountain Eagle, Whitesburg, Kentucky) |
| 2001 | not awarded |
| 2000 | Helen Thomas, former senior UPI White House correspondent |

### Other Awards

The SPJ also administers the Green Eyeshade Awards and the Sunshine State Awards. The Green Eyeshade Awards annually recognize journalists in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, U.S. Virgin Islands, Virginia,and West Virginia. The Sunshine State Awards are given each year to journalists in Florida, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.