OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gujranwala Saddar Tehsil

Gujranwala Saddar is a tehsil of Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Demographics
### Population

As of the 2023 census, Gujranwala Saddar Tehsil in Punjab, Pakistan, has a population of 1,133,101, with 362,182 residing in urban areas and 770,919 in rural areas. The average annual growth rate from 2017 to 2023 is 1.92%, and the average household size is 6.44. The tehsil includes several urban localities, such as Qila Didar Singh Municipal Committee, which has a population of 74,523 as of 2023. Overall, Gujranwala Saddar Tehsil encompasses an area of 783 square kilometers, resulting in a population density of approximately 1,447.13 people per square kilometer.
# Party-list system

A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner elections. In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one ticket. Voters can usually vote directly for the party-list, but in other systems voters may vote directly for individual candidates within or across party lists (such systems are referred to as open list and panachage), instead of voting directly for parties (mixed electoral systems).
Most commonly, party-list systems refer to party-list proportional representation, but there are other electoral systems using party-lists including the general ticket (party block voting) and mixed electoral systems. Not only are not all party-list systems proportional, not all proportional systems are party-list systems. Candidates who won their seats from a party-list are called list MPs.

## Types party-list systems
### By proportionality of representation

* proportional party-list systems, including list PR and MMP
* semi-proportional party-list systems, including parallel voting and AMS
* plurality/majoritarian party-list system (general ticket)

### By candidate selection

* Open-list
* Closed-list
* Local list
* Two-tier party-list systems
* Ley de Lemas

### By ballot type

* single vote
* mixed ballot
* panachage
* double simultaneous vote

### Other

* mixed electoral systems that use party-list PR to allocate some, but not all seats
# Nektarios Antonopoulos

Metropolitan Nektarios of Argolis (Greek: Αργολίδος Νεκτάριος), born Ioannis Antonopoulos (Greek: Ιωάννης Αντωνόπουλος; b. January 1, 1952) is the current Metropolitan of Argos since 2013.

## Biography

Antonopoulos was born Ioannis Antonopoulos on January 1, 1952, in Marousi, Greece. He attended the School of Theology at the University of Athens; after his military service he was tonsured a monk and ordained a deacon in 1976. In 1977 he resided at the Holy Monastery of the Transfiguration near Thebes, Greece. In 1983 he was ordained a presbyter and served under the Metropolis of Thebes and Livadeia as a preacher and head of the youth department. In 1991, he replaced the abbot of the Holy Monastery of Transfiguration, Archimandrite Nicodemus Badaloukas, due to the former resigning due to illness. Antonopoulos was elected on 18 October 2013 by the Hierarchy of the Church of Greece as Metropolitan of Argolis; he was enthroned on 24 November 2013, at the Metropolitan Church of Saint George in Nafplio. That same year he was awarded the Order of Merit of Ukraine in the third degree.

## Awards and Honors

* Order of Merit (Ukraine)
# Kerameri mandal

Kerameri or Kerimeri is a mandal in Komaram Bheem Asifabad district in the state of Telangana in India. It is also home to the Kumuram Bheem Tribal Museum.

## Villages

The villages in Kerameri mandal, Goyagaon, Karanjiwada, Kerameri, Khairi, Kothari, Modi, Nishani, Parandholi, Sangvi and Surdapur. Kallegam, Babejarri. patnapur, Lendiguda

### Transport

Telangana's Kashmir "Kerameri" Ghat roads can be reached by Bus and trains.
By Road - They are number of buses from Hyderabad MGBS to Komaram Bheem. From Komaram Bheem we can reach this place within 40 minutes.
By Rail - Trains from Secunderabad to Nagpur stretch. Main stations to reach this place is Asifabad Road-ASAF, Sirpur Kaghaznagar-SKZR.
# Happy Puzzle Company

Happy Puzzle is a retailer and manufacturer of "family puzzles and games", with "300 award-winning puzzles, games, challenges and puzzle books". The company is based in Elstree, Hertfordshire.
The company sells its products to the general public, supplies its own products to retailers and offers events. In an article in Times Education Supplement, The Happy Puzzle Company's school puzzle challenge days were described as "developing independent learning skills". The company offers a service aimed at working with children with dyslexia, dyspraxia and those who are gifted and talented, as well as offering programmes for businesses and charities.
Founded in 1992, the company won an award for Business of the Year in 2010. One of the company's products, "The Brain Train", won a 2018 Family Choice Award in the USA. The Happy Puzzle Company is also responsible for bringing The Genius Square, The Genius Star and rest of the games in The Genius Range to the UK and International market.
Jigsaw specialist company, mad4jigsaws is a part of Happy Puzzle.
The Happy Puzzle Company was acquired by SMART NV in May 2022.
# Cottonwood Creek (Inyo County, California)

Cottonwood Creek originates in the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forests of the White Mountains of eastern California. The creek flows eastward from below the 14,000-foot (4,300 m) alpine crest of the White Mountains and descends through groves of bristlecone pine, aspen and mountain mahogany, then a woodland of pinyon pine and juniper, and finally into sagebrush as the stream ends in endorheic Fish Lake Valley which is one of the contiguous collection of inward-draining basins that make up the Great Basin.
Cottonwood Creek has no native fish, however its North Fork is a refuge for the threatened Paiute cutthroat trout, one of the rarest trout in North America. This subspecies was transplanted from its very limited native range, upper Silver King Creek in the Carson River basin. The remainder of the stream hosts (originally) transplanted brook, brown and rainbow trout. A riparian willow and cottonwood habitat supports protected bird species such as the Yellow warbler, Yellow-breasted chat, Prairie falcon, and Cooper's hawk.
The river is managed by the Bureau of Land Management.
# Daniel-Yitzhak Levy

Daniel-Yitzhak Levy (Hebrew: דניאל יצחק לוי; born 30 September 1917, died 13 February 1995) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party between 1965 and 1974.

## Biography

Born in Ceuta, Levy studied psychology and pedagogy. He was a member of the national committee of the Zionist Federation of Morocco. He was involved in illegal Jewish immigration to Mandatory Palestine, before making aliyah himself in 1957. In Israel he worked for Bank Mizrahi, becoming deputy manager of the Ramla branch. He was also involved in religious education.
Levy was elected head of the Ashkelon branch of Hapoel HaMizrachi, which later formed the National Religious Party (NRP), of which he became a member of the central committee. He was elected to the Knesset on the NRP list in 1965, and was re-elected in 1969, before losing his seat in the 1973 elections. His son Yitzhak also represented the NRP and Ahi in the Knesset between 1992 and 2009.
He died in 1995 at the age of 77.
# Mathias Rex Dorgelo

Matthias René Rex Dorgelo (born 31 October 2002) is a Dutch-Danish handball player who plays for Danish club SønderjyskE Håndbold and the Dutch national team. He represented Denmark at the U21-level.
He started his career at GOG Håndbold, where he signed a professional contract at the age of 19. Here he was the second choice goalkeeper behind Swedish Tobias Thulin. He won both the Danish championship and Danish Cup with the club. In 2024 he joined league rivals SønderjyskE Håndbold in order to become the first choice goalkeeper.
In 2025 he represented the Netherlands at the 2025 World Championship in Denmark, Norway and Croatia.

## Private life

Rex was born in Denmark, but grew up in Norway, where he lived for 17 years. He moved back to Denmark to pursue a handball career.
# Fausto Wolff

Faustin von Wolffenbüttel (1940–2008), better known as Fausto Wolff, was a Brazilian journalist and writer. A native of Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, he entered journalism in his teens, a profession he pursued for the next half century. He was also a prolific writer and published in many genres: plays, stories, poems, essays, etc. His novel A mão esquerda (The Left Hand) won the Premio Jabuti in 1997. He was married to the writer Mônica Tolipan.
# Skudde

The Skudde (also, East Prussian Skudde, German: Ostpreußische Skudde) is a breed of domesticated sheep from Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, and Switzerland.

## Characteristics

Adult rams weigh between 35 kg (77 lb) and 50 kg (110 lb). Adult ewes weigh 25 kg (55 lb) to 40 kg (88 lb). The wool is white, brown, black and gray. It has fine wool fibers, dispersed with short and course fiber. Lambs typically will have dark red or rust colored markings on their nape of their neck and legs.
# Alcimenes

Alcimenes (/ælˈsɪməniːz/, Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιμένης) can refer to a number of people in Greek mythology and history:
Mythology
* Alcimenes, a Boeotian prince as the son of King Glaucus of Potniae and possibly, Eurymede or Eurynome, daughter of King Nisus of Megara. He was unintentionally killed by his own brother Bellerophon. According to some traditions, he was called Deliades or Peiren.
* Alcimedes, one of the sons of Jason and Medea. When Jason subsequently wanted to marry Glauce, his sons Alcimenes and Tisander were murdered by Medea, and were afterwards buried by Jason in the sanctuary of Hera at Corinth.
History
* Alcimenes, an Athenian comic poet, apparently a contemporary of Aeschylus. One of his pieces is supposed to have been titled "The Female Swimmers" (Κολυμβῶσαι). His works were greatly admired by Tynnichus, a younger contemporary of Aeschylus.
* Alcimenes, a tragic writer who was a native of Megara, mentioned in the Suda.
# Azizur Rahman Chowdhury

Azizur Rahman Chowdhury (1946–2011) was a politician of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and a member of parliament for Dinajpur-6.

## Career

Azizur Rahman Chowdhury was born in 1946 in Professorpara of Birampur Upazila of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. He was the principal of Bijul Darul Huda Kamil Post Graduate Madrasa for a long time. Chowdhury was elected to the parliament from Dinajpur-6 as a candidate of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami in 1991 and 2001.

## Death

Aziz died on 30 May 2011.
# Aleksandr Kruzhilov

Aleksandr Kruzhilov (born 28 December 1980) is a Belarusian gymnast. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Margaret Barton

Margaret Ann Barton (born 27 May 1926) is a British retired actress. She is best known for her role in the 1945 David Lean film Brief Encounter in which she played Beryl Walters, a girl who works in the railway station cafe.

## Early career

Barton began acting in the theatre at the age of 12. Because she was small for her age, during World War II she portrayed children and young women. At 17 she appeared in Pink String and Sealing Wax at the Duke of York's Theatre and remembered performing while doodlebugs flew overhead. While on the West End stage she was spotted by David Lean and Noël Coward and cast for the part of Beryl in Brief Encounter. Her scenes were shot at Denham Film Studios and for other scenes she was invited by Lean to watch from behind the camera.

## Postwar

After the war, Barton continued acting on stage, in film, and for television. She married Raymond James; their son, Michael, died of cancer at the age of 30, and his parents set up the Michael James Music Trust in his memory. Raymond James died in 2016, aged 93. Barton lives in Dorset, where she runs a tea room, and still receives many letters relating to Brief Encounter. On 30 August 2018, aged 92, she married Rob Cave, aged 91, in Wimborne. Their combined age of 183 was believed to make them Britain's oldest newlyweds.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1945 | Brief Encounter | Beryl Walters – Tea Room Assistant |
| 1947 | Temptation Harbour | Betty Mallison |
| 1948 | Good-Time Girl | Agnes |
| 1948 | Fly Away Peter | Myra Hapgood |
| 1949 | Landfall | Rick's Sister |
| 1949 | The Romantic Age | Bessie |
| 1952 | The Happy Family | Anne |
| 1954 | The Gay Dog | Peggy |
| 1983 | Chautauqua Girl | Mrs. Lucas |
# Salinibacillus

Salinibacillus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| Salinibacillus S. xinjiangensis Yang et al. 2014 S. aidingensis Ren & Zhou 2005 S. kushneri Ren & Zhou 2005 | Salinibacillus S. xinjiangensis S. kushneri |
# G. J. Renier

Gustaaf Johannes Petrus Renier (25 September 1892 – 1 September 1962) was professor of Dutch History at University College London.

## Early life

Renier was born in Flushing, the child of Johanna Maria Elisabeth Renier and the maritime pilot Peter Paul Renier, both natives of Flushing. He was sent to school in Antwerp and Leuven, and studied History at the University of Ghent, beginning a doctorate under Henri Pirenne.

## Career

At the outbreak of the First World War he fled to England, working as a journalist, biographer and translator, and became London editor of Nieuwe Courant, began his PhD at University College in 1921, completing his doctoral thesis on 19th century Anglo-Dutch relations in 1930, under Pieter Geyl. In 1939, Renier was a BBC contract staff member. In 1936, he succeeded Geyl as Reader in Dutch History at University College London, retiring in 1957.
In contrast to his former advisor, Geyl, he took the view that Dutch and Belgian nationhood were highly distinct.

## Personal life

On 17 May 1923, he married the Irish novelist Kate O'Brien, but the marriage ended within a year, and divorced 1925. O'Brien left Bilbao after less than a year, returning to London because of her sudden decision to marry Renier, the marriage only lasted eleven months.
Renier died on 1 September 1962 in Twickenham.

## Works

* Great Britain and the Establishment of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1930)
* The English: are They Human?. Williams & Norgate. 1931.
* The Ill-fated Princess: The Life of Charlotte, Daughter of the Prince Regent (1932)
* William of Orange (1932)
* Oscar Wilde (1933)
* He Came to England (1933)
* Robespierre (1936)
* The Criterion of Dutch Nationhood: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at University College, London on June 4, 1945. G. Allen & Unwin. 1946.
* History, its Purpose and Method (Boston: Beacon Press, 1950) (Routledge, March 2018)
# Sunnymeads railway station

Sunnymeads railway station serves the once separate village of Sunnymeads in Berkshire, England, now subsumed by the neighbouring village of Wraysbury. It is 22 miles 48 chains (36.4 km) down the line from London Waterloo, on the line between Windsor and Eton Riverside and Waterloo. It was built in 1927, and has been unmanned since 1969. Services to the station are operated by South Western Railway.
A Shere FASTticket machine can be found in front of the disused ticket office. Credit cards can be used to buy tickets. All-day travelcards are also available to buy, as well as tickets for use on underground services in and around the London area. Sunnymeads has one of the lowest passenger usages among stations in South East England with regular services.
It has one island platform which is reached by a pedestrian bridge. On the platform there are eight seats. There are no parking facilities or cycle facilities, as the station is at the end of a private road. Taxis can be arranged to pick up and drop off at this station, but there will be no taxis waiting. (The station can also be reached by a staircase from nearby Welley Road, which is a bus route.) There is a help-point for customer information, and visual displays show live train arrivals on the platform. This station is covered by CCTV which links to the South Western Railway security centre in Wimbledon.
Due to the short platform length, the ASDO beacon fitted to the South Western Railway fleet (with the exception of class 455) only releases the doors of the front 7 coaches.

## Service

All services at Sunnymeads are operated by South Western Railway.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
* 2 tph to London Waterloo via Richmond
* 2 tph to Windsor & Eton Riverside
On Sundays, the service is reduced to hourly in each direction.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Wraysbury | | South Western Railway Staines to Windsor Line | | Datchet |
# Alcmenes

Alcmenes (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκμένης) or Alcamenes, Alkamenos, was the 9th king of Sparta of the Agiad dynasty, from c. 740 to c. 700 BC.
According to Pausanias, he was a commander in the night-expedition against Ampheia, which began the First Messenian War, but died before its 4th year. In his reign Helos was taken, a place near the mouth of the Eurotas, the last independent hold of the old Achaean population, and the supposed origin of the term "helot".
He succeeded his father Teleclus and was succeeded by his son Polydorus.
# 1947 Iowa Hawkeyes football team

The 1947 Iowa Hawkeyes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Iowa in the 1947 Big Nine Conference football season. The team compiled a 3–5–1 record (2–3–1 against conference opponents) and finished in a tie for sixth place in the Big Nine Conference. After opening its season with a 59–0 shutout victory over North Dakota State, the team was outscored 179 to 86 in its remaining eight games.
Head coach Eddie Anderson was in his sixth season as Iowa's head coach; he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971. On the evening before the final game of the 1947 season, Anderson submitted his resignation as head coach (effective in July 1948), citing "considerable loose talk" about the state of the program. The team responded with a 13–7 victory over Minnesota. Fans begged Anderson to reconsider, and the Iowa athletic board denied his resignation, promising him a larger coaching staff and other football improvements. Anderson decided to stay, saying, "I'm glad we got things straightened out."
The team's statistical leaders included Bob Smith with 395 rushing yards and 30 points scored, Al DiMarco with 644 passing yards, and Emlen Tunnell with 262 receiving yards. Tunell later played 14 years in the National Football League and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Other players of note included Jack Dittmer, who later played six years in Major League Baseball, and end Harold Schoener, who was selected as the most valuable player on the 1947 Iowa team.
Iowa was ranked at No. 25 (out of 500 college football teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1947.
The team played its home games at Iowa Stadium. It drew 187,844 spectators at four home games, an average of 46,961 per game.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 20 | North Dakota Agricultural* | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | W 59–0 | 31,050 |
| September 26 | at UCLA* | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 7–22 | 89,800 |
| October 4 | Illinois | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | L 12–35 | 52,294 |
| October 11 | Indiana | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | W 27–14 | 51,000 |
| October 18 | at Ohio State | Ohio StadiumColumbus, OH | T 13–13 | 72,998 |
| October 25 | at No. 2 Notre Dame* | Notre Dame StadiumNotre Dame, IN | L 0–21 | 56,000 |
| November 1 | at No. 16 Purdue | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | L 0–21 | 35,000 |
| November 8 | at No. 19 Wisconsin | Camp Randall StadiumMadison, WI (rivalry) | L 14–46 | 45,000 |
| November 15 | No. 20 Minnesota | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA (rivalry) | W 13–7 | 50,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Yasaman Farmani

Yasaman Farmani (Persian: یاسمن فرمانی; born 12 February 1995) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Polish Orlen I liga club Lech Poznań and the Iran women's national team.

## Club career

Farmani has played for Charleroi in Belgium from 2020 to 2022.

## International career

Farmani capped for Iran at senior level during the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification.

## Personal life

Farmani married fellow Iranian footballer Ali Gholizadeh in February 2019.
# Set theory of the real line

Set theory of the real line is an area of mathematics concerned with the application of set theory to aspects of the real numbers.
For example, one knows that all countable sets of reals are null, i.e. have Lebesgue measure 0; one might therefore ask the least possible size of a set which is not Lebesgue null. This invariant is called the uniformity of the ideal of null sets, denoted $non({\mathcal {N}})$. There are many such invariants associated with this and other ideals, e.g. the ideal of meagre sets, plus more which do not have a characterisation in terms of ideals. If the continuum hypothesis (CH) holds, then all such invariants are equal to $\aleph _{1}$, the least uncountable cardinal. For example, we know $non({\mathcal {N}})$ is uncountable, but being the size of some set of reals under CH it can be at most $\aleph _{1}$.
On the other hand, if one assumes Martin's Axiom (MA) all common invariants are "big", that is equal to ${\mathfrak {c}}$, the cardinality of the continuum. Martin's Axiom is consistent with ${\mathfrak {c}}>\aleph _{1}$. In fact one should view Martin's Axiom as a forcing axiom that negates the need to do specific forcings of a certain class (those satisfying the ccc, since the consistency of MA with large continuum is proved by doing all such forcings (up to a certain size shown to be sufficient). Each invariant can be made large by some ccc forcing, thus each is big given MA.
If one restricts to specific forcings, some invariants will become big while others remain small. Analysing these effects is the major work of the area, seeking to determine which inequalities between invariants are provable and which are inconsistent with ZFC. The inequalities among the ideals of measure (null sets) and category (meagre sets) are captured in Cichon's diagram. Seventeen models (forcing constructions) were produced during the 1980s, starting with work of Arnold Miller, to demonstrate that no other inequalities are provable. These are analysed in detail in the 1995 book by Tomek Bartoszynski and Haim Judah, two of the eminent workers in the field.
One curious result is that if you can cover the real line with $\kappa$ meagre sets (where $\aleph _{1}\leq \kappa \leq {\mathfrak {c}}$) then $non({\mathcal {N}})\geq \kappa$; conversely if you can cover the real line with $\kappa$ null sets then the least non-meagre set has size at least $\kappa$; both of these results follow from the existence of a decomposition of $\mathbb {R}$ as the union of a meagre set and a null set.
One of the last great unsolved problems of the area was the consistency of
    ${\mathfrak {d}}<{\mathfrak {a}},$
proved in 1998 by Saharon Shelah.
# Kerim Sebatî

Kerim Sebatî (1870–1942) was an Ottoman physician and politician, who was one of the original founders and a member of the Committee of the Ottoman Union, but he soon left when it got transformed into a political organisation by the nationalists.
# Meiffren Conte

Meiffren Conte or Comte (c.1630 - c.1705) was a French painter. He was born in Marseille, but completed his artistic training in Rome, where he was strongly influenced by the work of Francesco Noletti (1611-1654). He worked in Paris and Aix-en-Provence, before moving back to his hometown, where he died. He is most notable for his still lifes.

## Sources

* Claude-Gérard Marcus, « Un maître de la nature morte redécouvert : Meiffren Comte, Peintre d'Orfèvrerie », Art et Curiosité, mai 1966.
* This article about a French painter born in the 17th century is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e