# An Túr Gloine

An Túr Gloine (pronounced; Irish for "The Glass Tower") was a cooperative studio for stained glass and opus sectile artists from 1903 until 1944, based in Dublin, Ireland.

## History

An Túr Gloine was conceived of in late 1901 and established January 1903 at 24 Upper Pembroke Street, Dublin, Ireland, on the site of two former tennis courts. It was active throughout the first half of the 20th century. Affiliated artists included Michael Healy, Evie Hone, Beatrice Elvery, Wilhelmina Geddes, Catherine O'Brien, Kathleen Quigly, and founder Sarah Purser. The original impetus for the project, spurred by the Irish cultural activist Edward Martyn, was the building of the Roman Catholic cathedral in Loughrea, County Galway, which was to become St Brendan's. Purser and Martyn hoped to provide an alternative to the commercial stained glass imported from England and Germany for Irish churches and other architectural projects. Purser's knowledge of French and English medieval glass, together with her social connections and organizational skills, were crucial to the success of the cooperative.
A writer for The Studio, a magazine of fine and applied art, called the recently formed An Túr Gloine "perhaps the most noteworthy example of the newly awakened desire to foster Irish genius," describing it as "at once a craft school, where instruction in every detail connected with the designing and production of stained glass is given to the workers, and a factory from which some beautiful work has already appeared." The writer also extolled the economic benefits of an Irish glass industry to supply churches. The studio is regarded as part of the Arts and Crafts Movement, but was infused also with the contemporary spirit of Irish revivalism and drew on the artistic tradition of Celtic manuscript illumination. Ireland became an internationally renowned center of stained-glass art at this time, to a large extent as a result of An Túr Gloine. The studio was run by Purser until 1940, and she was succeeded by Catherine O'Brien who ran it until 1944. After which time O'Brien bought the studio and leased a large section of it to Patrick Pollen.

## Relation to literary culture

A commission for An Túr Gloine occasioned an outburst of criticism in Samhain magazine from the Irish poet W. B. Yeats on how the "bourgeois mind is never sincere in the arts":
   Galway convent a little time ago refused a fine design for stained glass, sent from Miss Sarah Purser's studio, because of the personal life in the faces and in the attitudes, which seemed to them ugly, perhaps even impious. They sent to Miss Purser an insipid German chromo-lithograph, full of faces without expression or dignity, and gestures without personal distinction, and Miss Purser, doubtless because her enterprise was too new, too anxious for success, to reject any order, has carried out this ignoble design in glass of beautiful colour and quality.

## Works

The following table provides examples of work commissioned from the studio or created by individual artists associated with An Túr Gloine.
| Subject | Site | Location | Artist |
| World War I memorial window | St. Bartholomew's Church | Ottawa, Canada | Wilhemina Geddes |
| Windows | Abbey Theatre | Dublin | An Túr Gloine |
| Door panel depicting a triad of candles symbolizing truth, knowledge, and wisdom | St. Enda's School, Cullenswood House | Ranelagh, Dublin | Sarah Purser and An Túr Gloine |
| St. Fanchea and St. Enda window | St. Brigid, Faughart Parish Church | Kilcurry, Ireland | Sarah Purser and An Túr Gloine |
| Katharine Temple Emmet & Richard Stockton Emmet Memorial Window | Christ Church | Pelham Manor, New York, America | Sarah Purser |
| Windows, three on the south side, one on the north aisle | St. Ann's Church, Dawson Street | Dublin | Wilhemina Geddes; north aisle with Ethel Rhind |
| World War I memorial Window | Wesley College, Dublin (St. Stephens Green) | Dublin | Alfred Ernest Child |
| Windows, at least five | St Peter's Church, Wallsend | North Tyneside, England | Michael Healy and Ethel Rhind |