OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liberty Township, Missouri

Liberty Township, Missouri may refer to one of the following places in the State of Missouri:
* Liberty Township, Adair County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Barry County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Bollinger County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Callaway County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Cape Girardeau County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Clay County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Cole County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Crawford County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Daviess County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Grundy County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Holt County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Iron County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Knox County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Macon County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Madison County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Marion County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Phelps County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Pulaski County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Putnam County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Saline County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, St. Francois County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Schuyler County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Sullivan County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Stoddard County, Missouri
* Liberty Township, Washington County, Missouri
# 1948 Arizona State Sun Devils football team

The 1948 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1948 college football season. In their second season under head coach Ed Doherty, the Sun Devils compiled a 5–5 record (3–2 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 276 to 192.
Arizona State was ranked at No. 168 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | Western State (CO)* | Goodwin StadiumTempe, AZ | W 23–0 | |
| October 2 | Pepperdine* | Goodwin StadiumTempe, AZ | W 33–7 | |
| October 9 | at Utah State* | Romney StadiumLogan, UT | L 17–22 | |
| October 16 | Arizona State–Flagstaff | Goodwin StadiumTempe, AZ | W 40–0 | |
| October 30 | at Arizona | Arizona StadiumTucson, AZ (Territorial Cup) | L 21–33 | |
| November 5 | at New Mexico A&M | Quesenberry FieldLas Cruces, NM | W 52–7 | |
| November 12 | at Loyola (CA)* | Gilmore StadiumLos Angeles, CA | L 12–16 | 4,000 |
| November 20 | at Hardin–Simmons | Abilene, TX | L 25–63 | 4,500 |
| November 26 | BYU* | Goodwin StadiumTempe, AZ | L 25–27 | |
| December 14 | New Mexico | Goodwin StadiumTempe, AZ | W 28–17 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Juan Carlos (footballer, born 1987)

Juan Carlos Sánchez Martínez (born 27 July 1987), known as Juan Carlos, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

Born in Calvià, Balearic Islands, Juan Carlos was a product of Villarreal CF's youth academy. He made his debut for the first team on 13 April 2008 in a 1–0 loss away loss against UD Almería, subbing in for sent off Diego López in the 18th minute. Previously, he was the undisputed starter for the reserves for three full seasons, starting in all the games he appeared in, including in 2008–09 as they promoted to Segunda División for the first time ever.
Juan Carlos was third choice behind López and Sebastián Viera during the 2007–08 and 2008–09 campaigns in La Liga. In 2010–11 he was promoted to backup, but still did not manage to play any league matches.
On 12 July 2011, Juan Carlos was loaned to Valencian Community neighbours Elche CF in the second tier. He severed his ties with Villarreal on 9 July 2015, and joined Albacete Balompié on a two-year contract the following day.
On 8 July 2016, after Alba's relegation, Juan Carlos signed a two-year deal with Real Oviedo also in division two. Midway through the 2017–18 season he lost his starting spot to Alfonso Herrero, and left the club as his contract expired.
Juan Carlos agreed to a two-year contract at CD Numancia on 23 July 2018, still in the second division. On 30 July 2020, he moved to CD Atlético Baleares of Segunda División B as a free agent.
# Petty treason

Petty treason or petit treason was an offence under the common law of England in which a person killed or otherwise violated the authority of a social superior, other than the king. In England and Wales, petty treason ceased to be a distinct offence from murder by virtue of the Offences against the Person Act 1828. It was abolished in Ireland in 1829. It never existed in Scotland. It has also been abolished in other common-law countries.

## Element of betrayal

The element of betrayal is the reason why this crime was considered worse than an ordinary murder; medieval and post-medieval society rested on a framework in which each person had his or her appointed place and such murders were seen as threatening this framework. Many people had somebody subordinate to them and feared the consequences if the murder of superiors was not punished harshly.

## Codification in English law

The common law offence was codified in the Treason Act 1351. Under that Act, petty treason was an aggravated form of murder. It consisted of:
* a wife killing her husband,
* a clergyman killing his prelate,
* a servant killing his master or mistress, or his master's wife.
The Act abolished three other forms of petty treason which had existed under common law:
* a wife attempting to kill her husband,
* a servant forging his master's seal, or
* a servant committing adultery with his master's wife or daughter.
Counterfeiting gold or silver coin was also petty treason before the 1351 Act elevated this to high treason. However the method of execution was not changed.

## Penalty

The punishment for a man convicted of petty treason was to be drawn to the place of execution and hanged, but not quartered as in the case of high treason. The punishment for a woman was to be burned at the stake without being drawn there (the penalty for high treason was drawing and burning). In later years the law offered a modicum of mercy to women who were to be executed in this fashion: the executioner was equipped with a cord passed around the victim's throat and, standing outside of the fire, would pull it tight, strangling her before the flames could reach her. In a few instances, however, this could go wrong, with the cord burning through and the victim burning alive; the ensuing scandals contributed to the abolition of this punishment and its replacement by hanging in 1790.

## Defences and rules of procedure

The common law defence of provocation, by which a verdict of murder could be reduced to manslaughter, was also available in petty treason trials.
The rules of evidence and procedure in petty treason trials were the same as in high treason trials, except that the Treason Act 1695 did not apply to petty treason. Petty treason also differed from high treason in that the legal defence of benefit of clergy was available for petty treason until 1496, whereas it was never available for high treason.
# Kyū-Yodo River

The Kyū-Yodo River (旧淀川, Kyū-Yodo-gawa) was the main stream of the Yodo River before 1907, when the current (new) Yodo River was constructed by a normalisation project. Now called the Kyū-Yodo River, it is a major waterway in central Osaka and the main drainage of Neyagawa river.
The name Kyū-Yodo river means former Yodo river in Japanese.

## Subdivisions

The name Kyū-Yodo River is a geological name, locally it is called by subdivision names. From the source to the mouth, it is named as follows:

### Ōkawa (river)

This is the name for the section from the Kema Lock to the Tenjimbashi (bridge); the Japanese name is Ōkawa (大川).

### Dōjima River

This is the name for the section from the Tenjimbashi (bridge) to the Funatsubashi (bridge) along the north shore of Nakanoshima Island; the Japanese name is Dōjima-gawa (堂島川).

### Tosabori River

This is the name for the section from the Tenjimbashi (bridge) to the Funatsubashi (bridge) along the south shore of Nakanoshima Island; the Japanese name is Tosabori-gawa (土佐堀川).

### Ajigawa (river)

This is the name for the section from the Funatsubashi (bridge) to Tempōzan, Osaka Bay; the Japanese name is Aji-gawa (安治川).

## Points of interest

Points of interest from the source to the mouth.

### Kita ward, Miyakojima ward

* Yodo River
* Kema Lock
* Kema Sakuranomiya Park
* OAP Tower
* Imperial Hotel Osaka
* National Mint Factory

### Kita ward, Chūō ward

* Keihan City Mall (department store)
* Minami-Temma Park
* Nakanoshima
* Nakanoshima Park
* Osaka Stock Exchange
* Museum of Oriental Ceramics
* City Hall
* High District Court Osaka branch
* Bank of Japan Osaka branch

### Fukushima ward, Kita ward, Nishi ward

* Hotarumachi
* National Museum of Art, Osaka
* Osaka Science Museum
* Rihga Royal Hotel
* Osaka International Convention Center
* Osaka Central Wholesale Market

### Konohana ward, Minato ward

* Universal Studios Japan
* Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan
* Tempōzan

## Access

For Nakanoshima area, each station of Keihan Nakanoshima Line is nearest. For Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan and Tempōzan, Metro Ōsakakō Station is nearest.
# Hasya Drori

Hasya Drori (Hebrew: חסיה דרורי; 1899 – 3 June 1976) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai between 1949 and 1951.

## Biography

Drori was born Hasya Kupfermintz in Gomel in the Mogilev Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in Belarus), and was a member of the Youth of Zion and HeHalutz youth groups. She emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1922, and joined Gdud HaAvoda. In 1924 she was amongst the founders of moshav Kfar Yehezkel. She became a member of the Working Mothers Organisation, and also joined Mapai. In 1937 she travelled to the United States as an emissary for Mapai and the Histadrut trade union.
In 1949 she was elected to the first Knesset on the Mapai list and was known as a formidable feminist. However, she lost her seat in elections two years later. She later worked in immigrant absorption.
# Julie Cohen (disambiguation)

Julie Cohen may refer to:
* Julie E. Cohen, American legal scholar in intellectual property and Internet law
* Julie Cohen, actor and entertainer
* Julie Cohen (documentarian)
* Julie Cohen (TV producer)
* Julie Cohen (novelist)
# Piano Concerto No. 6 (Ries)

The Piano Concerto No. 6 in C major, Op. 123, by Ferdinand Ries was composed around 1806. Composed in a proto-Romantic style, similar to the concertos of Johann Nepomuk Hummel, it also shows evidence of the influence of Beethoven's C minor Piano Concerto, Op. 37 which Ries had performed at his public debut in 1804.

## Composition date

The manuscript bears the notation "Bonn 1806", suggesting it was completed there. Allan Badley, in the notes to the Naxos recording comments that this would most likely make it the first of Ries's eight piano concertos to be written. Further evidence for this lies in the fact that this is the only piano concerto by Ries to provide for a cadenza at the end of the first movement, as was traditional. Publication, as the composers Op. 123 by firm of Sauer & Leidesdorf did not take place until around 1823/24.

## Structure

The concerto follows the traditional three-movement structure:
* Allegro con spirito
* Larghetto quasi andante
* Introduzione: Adagio maestoso - Rondo: Allegro vivace

## Recordings

To date the concerto has only been recorded once, by Uwe Grodd with the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra and soloist Christopher Hinterhuber, this was released by Naxos Records in conjunction with a publication of the score in a critical edition prepared by Allen Bradley.
# Andy Macpherson

Andy Macpherson (born 6 April 1982) is a former professional rugby union referee who represented the Scottish Rugby Union. He now assesses referees internationally and is the High Performance Referee Manager for the SRU in Scotland.

## Rugby union career
### Referee career
#### Professional career

Macpherson joined the West of Scotland Referees Society.
He refereed in the Celtic League.
Macpherson won SRU referee of the season in 2008–09.
He refereed his first 1872 Cup match on 27 December 2010.
He now is a Regional Referee Development Manager to bring on new referees.

#### International career

He now assesses referees at an international level.
# 1948 Chattanooga Moccasins football team

The 1948 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as an independent during the 1948 college football season. In its 18th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 4–5 record.
Chattanooga was ranked at No. 78 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | at Georgia | Sanford StadiumAthens, GA | L 7–14 | 12,500 |
| October 1 | Tennessee Tech | Chamberlain FieldChattanooga, TN | W 18–7 | 8,000 |
| October 9 | at No. 20 Tennessee | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN | L 0–26 | |
| October 16 | Presbyterian | Chamberlain FieldChattanooga, TN | W 35–0 | 5,000 |
| October 23 | NC State | Chamberlain FieldChattanooga, TN | L 0–7 | 5,000 |
| October 30 | at Evansville | Bosse FieldEvansville, IN | W 27–0 | 7,000 |
| November 6 | Ole Miss | Chamberlain FieldChattanooga, TN | L 7–34 | 7,500 |
| November 12 | at Miami (FL) | Burdine StadiumMiami, FL | L 0–19 | 28,548 |
| November 25 | Dayton | Chamberlain FieldChattanooga, TN | W 21–6 | 11,000 |
| HomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# 1948 Davidson Wildcats football team

The 1948 Davidson Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Davidson College during the 1948 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference. In their first year under head coach Lefty Jamerson, the team compiled an overall record of 3–5–1, with a mark of 2–5 in conference play, and finished in 12th place in the SoCon.
Davidson was ranked at No. 160 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 18 | Elon* | Richardson StadiumDavidson, NC | W 25–0 | |
| September 25 | William & Mary | American Legion Memorial StadiumCharlotte, NC | L 6–14 | 8,000 |
| October 9 | at NC State | Riddick StadiumRaleigh, NC | L 0–40 | 17,500 |
| October 16 | at The Citadel | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC | W 14–6 | 10,000 |
| October 23 | at Wofford* | Snyder FieldSpartanburg, SC | T 7–7 | 8,000 |
| October 30 | at VMI | Alumni FieldLexington, VA | L 6–33 | 5,000 |
| November 6 | Richmond | Richardson StadiumDavidson, NC | L 0–6 | 7,500 |
| November 13 | Washington and Lee | Richardson StadiumDavidson, NC | L 20–21 | |
| November 25 | Furman | American Legion Memorial StadiumCharlotte, NC | W 7–0 | 8,500 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# 1948 Drexel Dragons football team

The 1948 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1948 college football season. Ralph Chase was the team's head coach for the first five games of the season, when Maury McMains took over head coaching duties in order to allow Chase to focus on coaching the basketball team.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | Gettysburg | Drexel FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 0–28 | |
| October 2 | at Ursinus | Collegeville, PA | L 7–19 | |
| October 9 | at Lehigh | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 0–45 | 5,000 |
| October 16 | Haverford | Drexel FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 6–7 | |
| October 23 | at Pennsylvania Military | Chester, PA | L 6–33 | |
| October 30 | Johns Hopkins | Drexel FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 0–22 | |
| November 6 | Dickinson | Drexel FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 12–14 | |
| November 13 | at Swarthmore | | L 13–33 | |
| Homecoming ||||||
# Anxious Masuka

Anxious Jongwe Masuka is a Zimbabwean politician and member of the Emmerson Mnangagwa cabinet. He was appointed to oversee the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, Water and Rural Resettlement in August 2020 after the previous minister Perrance Shiri died.
Prior to entering politics, Masuka worked as the chief executive officer of the Zimbabwe Agricultural Society. Masuka has also worked as a lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe, at Zimbabwe's Forestry Commission and the Tobacco Research Board, where he was the general manager.
# 2025 Grenoble attack

On 12 February 2025, a grenade was thrown into a bar-restaurant in the Olympic Village district of Grenoble, France. The incident resulted in multiple injuries and significant property damage.

## Attack

The attack took place at Aksehir, a bar-restaurant located on Place Claude Kogan in Grenoble's Olympic Village sector, at around 8:15 p.m. CET on February 12, 2025. Prosecutor François Touret-de-Courcy reported that the perpetrator entered the establishment armed with an assault rifle, threw a grenade inside without speaking, and immediately fled the scene. Police investigators subsequently confirmed the explosion was caused by a grenade. The attack caused extensive damage to the establishment, including the destruction of all its windows. Initial reports indicated the explosive device was thrown directly at the business.
The attack resulted in approximately fifteen injuries, with six individuals sustaining critical injuries requiring urgent medical attention. All victims were transported to the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes for treatment.

## Response

French emergency services deployed twenty rescue vehicles carrying eighty firefighters to the scene. Law enforcement established a security perimeter and began immediate investigative procedures. Municipal officials, including Deputy Mayor Chloé Pantel, who oversees the Olympic Village neighborhood, responded to the site.
Grenoble Mayor Éric Piolle issued a strong condemnation of the attack on the X, describing it as a "criminal act of extraordinary violence." The mayor also expressed gratitude to emergency services for their response to the incident.
# 1948 Memphis State Tigers football team

The 1948 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1948 college football season. In their second season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 6–5 record.
Memphis State was ranked at No. 184 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 18 | | at Missouri Mines | Rolla, MO | L 0–6 | |
| September 25 | | Louisville | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN (rivalry) | W 13–7 | |
| October 1 | | Murray State | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | L 14–26 | |
| October 9 | | Tampa | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 43–16 | |
| October 16 | | at Pensacola NAS | Pensacola, FL | L 21–27 | |
| October 23 | | at Athens State | Athens, AL | W 45–0 | |
| October 30 | | Union (TN) | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 21–0 | |
| November 6 | 8:00 p.m. | Middle Tennessee | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 13–0 | 2,694 |
| November 11 | | Memphis NAS | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | L 0–14 | |
| November 19 | | Arkansas State | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN (Paint Bucket Bowl) | W 34–13 | |
| November 25 | | at Louisiana Tech | Tech StadiumRuston, LA | L 14–20 | 4,000 |
| All times are in Central time |||||||
# Giorgi Anchabadze

Giorgi Anchabadze (Georgian: გიორგი ანჩაბაძე; born 4 January 1973) is a Georgian former footballer.
# Leland B. Yeager

Leland Bennett Yeager (/ˈjeɪɡər/; October 4, 1924 – April 23, 2018) was an American economist dealing with monetary policy and international trade.

## Biography

Yeager graduated from Oberlin College in 1948 with an A.B. and was granted an M.A. from Columbia University in 1949 and a Ph.D. from there in 1952. He had previously served in the United States Army in World War II, translating Japanese codes. He temporarily served as the Vice President of the Interlingua Institute from 1997 to 1998 after Deanna Hammond died. He was a regular contributor to Liberty magazine and an occasional contributor to the "Mises Daily".
He was a Professor Emeritus at both Auburn University and the University of Virginia. His monetary writings have strongly opposed Keynesian orthodoxy and have emphasized the crucial role of money in business cycles. His 1956 essay, "A Cash-Balance Interpretation of Depression" maintained that depression was caused by "an excess demand for money, in the sense that people want to hold more money than exists." In this, he was a member of the monetarist school exemplified by Milton Friedman.
His subsequent writings tilted towards a laissez-faire approach to monetary reform. In his 1989 paper "Can Monetary Disequilibrium Be Eliminated", he advocated that government "be banished from any role in the monetary system other than that of defining a unit of account or numeraire." Yeager argued in favor of constitutional monarchy.
The month before his death Yeager wrote about the "destructive and ignorant" trade policy of United States President Donald Trump. Yeager died in April 2018 at the age of 93.
# ERM

ERM or Erm may refer to:

## Science and technology

* ERM protein family: ezrin, radixin and moesin
* Effects range median, in environmental toxicology
* Electronic resource management, used by librarians
* Emotion-in-relationships model, a theory designed to predict individual's experiences towards emotions
* Enterprise release management, for managing software delivery
* Enterprise report management, supporting very high-volume generation, handling and storage of documents
* Enterprise risk management, methods and processes to manage risks
* Entity-relationship model
* Epiretinal membrane, in the eye
* Epithelial cell rests of Malassez, around a tooth

## Other uses

* ERM (consultancy), a multinational sustainability consultancy firm
* Erm (name), an Estonian surname and given name
* Erm, Netherlands, a village
* e Reuse Methodology
* East Richmond railway station, Melbourne, Australia
* Employee relationship management
* Environmental resource management, the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment
* Estonian National Museum (Estonian: Eesti Rahva Muuseum)
* European Exchange Rate Mechanism