# Kobo eReader

The Kobo eReader is an e-reader produced by Toronto-based Kobo Inc (a subsidiary of Rakuten). The company's name is an anagram of "book". The original version was released in May 2010 and was marketed as a minimalist alternative to the more expensive e-book readers available at the time. Like most e-readers, the Kobo uses an electronic ink screen. The Arc tablet series, released between 2011 and 2013, was based on LCD technology instead.

## E-ink devices
### Current
#### Common attributes

All Kobo e-readers share a unique pagination system which gives users the option to either count and reference pages separately within each chapter, or in the book as a whole. Up until an update in January 2022, Kobo readers required connection to the Internet during the initial setup phase and did not work until they were connected to Kobo's servers; however, they now support "sideload mode", which allows the reader to be used without registering it to a Kobo account. Kobo e-readers support viewing KEPUB (Kobo's proprietary ebook format based on the EPUB format), EPUB, Adobe PDF, plain text, HTML, and unprotected Mobipocket (MOBI, PRC) e-books. Some also support other formats, such as ZIM, unofficially.

#### Kobo Elipsa 2E

The Kobo Elipsa 2E was released on 19 April 2023. It has a 10.3-inch E-Ink display at 1404 x 1872 pixels with a density of 227 ppi, 32 GB of Rom, 2 GHz CPU, WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth, USB-C, and an updated stylus.

#### Kobo Clara BW

The Kobo Clara BW was released in April 2024. It is one of the first Kobo devices marketed as repairable, and the first with a Carta 1300 display. Its accessory covers are compatible with the Kobo Clara Colour.

#### Kobo Clara Colour

The Kobo Clara Colour was released in April 2024. It is also marketed as repairable, and has a color Kaleido 3 display. Its accessory covers are compatible with the Kobo Clara BW.

#### Kobo Libra Colour

The Kobo Libra Colour was released in April 2024. It is marketed as repairable, with a 7-inch Kaleido 3 display and support for the Kobo Stylus 2 in all applications.

### Discontinued
#### Kobo eReader

Kobo Inc. announced its first e-reader on 24 March 2010, at the CTIA show. The device was officially released on 1 May 2010. It had expandable memory, holding an additional 4 GB via an SD slot and limited wireless connectivity via Bluetooth to select Blackberry wireless devices. It was available in black or white and came preloaded with 100 public domain books. It was manufactured by Netronix Inc., a Taiwan based company with factories in Taiwan and China.
The pricing strategy of the original Kobo, at US$149, was to rival the Amazon Kindle, which was US$110 more expensive. However, in June 2010, just after the Kobo was released, Amazon dropped the price of the Kindle to US$189. Its pricing strategy in Australia was similarly aggressive where it was available for A$199, again A$100 less than the Kindle. Borders Australia said that they hoped to sell high volumes of the Kobo to drive up sales at their e-content store.
The original Kobo received a mediocre review from CNET, which said that, while the Kobo was compact, lightweight and affordable, the lack of Wi-Fi or 3G made it outdated, especially when there were similarly priced eReaders available with those features.
In December 2010, the original Kobo's feature set was updated with a firmware update to more closely match the Wifi model.

#### Kobo Wi-Fi

A new model with Wi-Fi capability was released on 15 October 2010. It included an improved processor, screen, and new colour choices (porcelain/metallic silver, porcelain/pearlized lilac, and onyx). The SD expansion had been improved to claim a capacity for up to 10,000 books with a 32 GB SD card. Other improvements included a longer battery life and a built-in dictionary.
Like the original model, the Wi-Fi model came pre-loaded with 100 public domain books.

#### Kobo Touch

The Kobo Touch was released in June 2011. It introduced an infrared 6-inch touchscreen interface. Other improvements compared to the Kobo Wi-Fi included an E Ink Pearl screen, a faster processor capable of PDF panning, 802.11n capability, and reduced size and weight.

#### Kobo Glo

The Kobo Glo was an e-reader released on 6 September 2012. It was a front-lit, touch-based E Ink reader. The Kobo Glo supported most ebook standards, including EPUB. It had a 6-inch touchscreen, 1024 × 768 resolution, 213 ppi, 6.53 oz, 2 GB of storage, and supported microSD.

#### Kobo Mini

The Kobo Mini was smaller, at 5-inch, and lighter than standard ebook readers. It was released on 6 September 2012. It had 2 GB internal storage and Wi-Fi. The 5" E Ink Vizplex screen had a resolution of 800 x 600 with 200 ppi.

#### Kobo Aura HD

The Aura HD was a limited-edition device released on 25 April 2013. It had a 6.8-inch E Ink display, with a high resolution of 1440 × 1080 with 265 ppi. It was 8.47 oz and had a microSD expansion slot. Other improvements compared to the Kobo Touch included a built-in "ComfortLight" LED light, a faster processor (1 GHz), twice the onboard storage (4 GB), and twice the battery life (estimated at two months).

#### Kobo Aura

The Kobo Aura is the baseline e-reader with a 6-inch E Ink ClarityScreen display with 1024 × 768 resolution, 16-level grey scale, and a built-in LED front-light. It has 4 GB storage, weighs 173 g (6.1 oz), has two months of battery life, a Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz processor, and a microSD expansion slot. It was released in September 2013.

#### Kobo Aura H$_2$O

The Aura H$_2$O, released on 1 October 2014, was the second commercial waterproof e-reader. It had an upgraded version of the Aura HD's 6.8-inch E Ink Carta display with a resolution of 1440 × 1080 with 265 ppi. While its screen was improved over the Aura HD, it contained the same processor, on-board storage, and software as the Aura HD, and had dust/waterproofing – certified to be immersed for up to 30 minutes in up to 1 meter of water with its port cover closed.

#### Kobo Glo HD

The Kobo Glo HD, released on 1 May 2015, is an e-reader with an E Ink Carta screen and is the successor to 2012's Glo. It has 4gb of storage. It has a 6-inch screen in a resolution of 1448 × 1072, or 300 ppi, matching the resolution of the Kindle Voyage.

#### Kobo Touch 2.0

The Kobo Touch 2.0 was released on 8 September 2015, as an entry-level e-reader with an E Ink Pearl 6-inch display with a resolution of 800×600 and 167 ppi. The exterior is similar in appearance to the Kobo Glo HD and it has a 1 GHz Freescale i.MX6 Solo Lite Processor and 4 GB of internal storage.

#### Kobo Aura One

The Kobo Aura One was released on 6 September 2016, and it is the first e-reader with a 7.8-inch E Ink Carta HD waterproof touchscreen display with a 300 ppi screen. The Aura One weighs 252 grams and measures 195 by 138.5 by 6.9 mm. It has Wi-Fi, 8 GB internal storage, and 512 MB RAM. The Aura One is lit by nine white LEDs and eight RGB LEDs around the frame. The additional RGB LEDs allow the device to have a night reading mode that limits the blue light that comes from white LEDs. The Aura One was the first Kobo eReader with built-in OverDrive support.

#### Kobo Aura Edition 2

The Kobo Aura Edition 2 was released with the Kobo Aura One in September 2016 as "a refreshed version of a beloved classic". It has a 6-inch E Ink Carta display with a resolution of 1024 × 768 at 212 ppi. The exterior styling is similar to the Kobo Aura One. Unlike the original Kobo Aura, there is no MicroSD slot. The specifications are otherwise similar to the original Kobo Aura.

#### Kobo Aura H$_2$O Edition 2

The Kobo Aura H$_2$O Edition 2 was released in May 2017. It has a 6.8-inch E Ink HD Carta waterproof IPX8 display at 265 ppi. Its LED light, called the "ComfortLight PRO", can automatically reduce blue-light exposure during the night to lower the screen's effect on sleep.

#### Kobo Clara HD

The Clara HD was released on 5 June 2018. It has a 6-inch, 300 ppi screen.

#### Kobo Forma

The Kobo Forma was released in November 2018. It has an 8-inch, 300 ppi E-Ink display that can be held by right- and left-handed people, and it can be flipped horizontally. It has physical page up and page down buttons to flip pages.

#### Kobo Libra H$_2$O

Kobo Libra H$_2$O was released on 15 September 2019.
The Libra features a 7-inch E Ink Carta HD display with a resolution of 1,680 x 1,264 and 300 ppi.

#### Kobo Nia

The Kobo Nia was released on 21 July 2020. It has a 6-inch E-Ink display at 1024 x 758 pixels, with a density of 212 ppi.

#### Kobo Libra 2

The Libra 2 was released in October 2021.
The Kobo Sage and Kobo Libra 2 are the first Kobo ereaders to come with Bluetooth support; thus, audiobooks can be played from the e-reader with the use of an external Bluetooth speaker. The Kobo Libra 2 is upgraded with USB-C over the previous standard, Micro-USB. The Libra 2 features a 7-inch E-ink Carta 1200 display with 1680 x 1264 resolution and 300 ppi. It has 32 GB of storage.

#### Kobo Clara 2E

The Clara 2E was released in September 2022. It has a 6-inch E-Ink display with 1448 x 1072 resolution and 300 ppi, and the exterior is made with 85% recycled plastics.

### Chronological overview

| Legend: | Unsupported | Discontinued | Current |
| Name | Model | Display | Display | Display | Display | Input | Storage | Storage | CPU | Connectivity | Features / Notes | Dimensions | Weight | Introductory price | Released | Battery | RAM |
| | | Type | Size | Resolution | ppi | | Internal | Expanded | Make and model | USB + | | | | (US$) | | | |
| Kobo eReader | | E-ink | 6" | 800x600 | 170 | D-Pad | 1 GB | 4 GB SD | | Bluetooth | | | | $199 | May 2010 | | |
| Kobo WiFi | N289 | E-ink | 6" | 800x600 | 170 | D-Pad | 1 GB | 32 GB SD | Freescale i.MX335 | Wi-Fi | | 184 × 120 × 10 mm (7.2 × 4.7 × 0.4 in) | 221 g (7.80 oz) | $199 | October 2010 | | |
| Kobo Touch | N905[ BC] | E-ink Pearl | 6" | 800x600 | 170 | Infrared touchscreen | 2 GB | 32 GB microSD | Freescale i.MX507 800 MHz | Wi-Fi | First touchscreen. | 165 × 114 × 10 mm (6.5 × 4.5 × 0.4 in) | 200 g (7.05 oz) | $129 | May 2011 | 1200 mAh | |
| Kobo Glo | N613 | E-ink Pearl | 6" | 1024x768 | 213 | Infrared touchscreen | 2 GB (internal microSD) | 32 GB microSD | Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | First illuminated display. | 157 x 114 x 10 mm (6.2 x 4.5 x 0.4 in) | 185 g (6.5 oz) | $129 | September 2012 | | |
| Kobo Mini | N705 | E-ink Pearl | 5" | 800x600 | 200 | Infrared touchscreen | 2 GB (internal microSD) | 32 GB microSD | Freescale i.MX507 800 MHz | Wi-Fi | | 133 x 102 x 10 mm (5.2 × 4 x 0.4 in) | 134 g (4.73 oz) | $79 | September 2012 | 1000 mAh | |
| Kobo Aura HD | N204B | E-ink Pearl | 6.8" | 1440x1080 | 265 | Infrared touchscreen | 4 GB (internal microSD) | 32 GB microSD | Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | | 175.7 x 128.3 x 11.7 mm (6.91 x 5.05 x 0.46 in) | 240 g (8.5 oz) | $169 | April 2013 | 1500 mAh | |
| Kobo Aura | N514 | E-ink Pearl | 6" | 1024x768 | 213 | Capacitive touchscreen | 4 GB | 32 GB microSD | Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | | 150 x 114 x 8.1 mm (5.9 x 5.6 x 0.3 in) | 174 g (6.1 oz) | $149 | August 2013 | 1500 mAh | |
| Kobo Aura H$_2$O | N250 | E-ink Carta | 6.8" | 1440x1080 | 265 | Infrared touchscreen | 4 GB (internal microSD) | 32 GB microSD | Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | Waterproofed | 179 x 129 x 9.7 mm | 233 g (8.22 oz) | $179 | October 2014 | 1400 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Glo HD | N437 | E-ink Carta | 6" | 1448x1072 | 300 | Infrared touchscreen | 4 GB (internal microSD) | No | Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | ComfortLight | 157 x 114 x 10 mm (6.2 x 4.5 x 0.4 in) | 180 g (6.3 oz) | $129 | May 2015 | | |
| Kobo Touch 2.0 | N587 | E-ink Pearl | 6" | 800x600 | 167 | Infrared touchscreen | 4 GB | No | Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | | 157 x 115 x 9.2 mm | 185g | $61 | September 2015 | | |
| Kobo Aura Edition 2 | N236 | E-ink Carta | 6" | 1024x768 | 212 | Infrared touchscreen | 4 GB | No | Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | | 154.5 x 109 x 8.5 mm | 180g | $119 | September 2016 | | |
| Kobo Aura One | N709 | E-ink Carta | 7.8" | 1872x1404 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen | 8 GB | No | Freescale SoloLite i.MX 6 1GHz | Wi-Fi | Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO | 195.1 x 138.5 x 6.9 mm | 252 g | $230 | September 2016 | | 512 MB |
| Kobo Aura H$_2$O Edition 2 | N867 | E-ink Carta | 6.8" | 1440x1080 | 265 | Capacitive touchscreen | 8 GB (soldered) | No | Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO | 172 x 129 x 8.9 mm | 210g | $180 | May 2017 | 1500 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Clara HD | N249 | E-ink Carta | 6" | 1448x1072 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen | 8 GB (internal microSD) | No | Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | ComfortLight PRO | 159.6 x 110 x 8.35 mm | 166g | $119.99 | June 2018 | 1500 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Forma | N782 | E-ink Mobius Carta | 8" | 1920x1440 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen/buttons | 8 GB or 32 GB | No | Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO, Flexible substrate | 160 x 177.7 x 8.5 mm | 197g | $249.99 | October 2018 | 1200 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Libra H$_2$O | N873 | E-ink Carta | 7" | 1680x1264 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen/buttons | 8 GB | No | Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz | Wi-Fi | Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO | 144 x 159 x 5.0 - 7.8 mm | 192g | $169.99 | September 2019 | 1200 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Nia | N306 | E-ink Carta | 6" | 1024x758 | 212 | Capacitive touchscreen | 8 GB | No | Freescale i.MX 6 ULL 900MHz | Wi-Fi | ComfortLight | 112.4 x 159.3 x 9.2 mm | 172g | $99.99 | July 2020 | 1000 mAh | 256 MB |
| Kobo Elipsa | N604 | E-ink Carta 1200 | 10.3" | 1404x1872 | 227 | Capacitive touchscreen/Pen | 32 GB | No | Allwinner B300 Quad Core @ 1.8 GHz | Wi-Fi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, USB-C, Bluetooth (preview) | ComfortLight | 193 x 227.5 x 7.6 mm | 383g | $399.99 | June 2021 | 2400 mAh | 1 GB |
| Kobo Libra 2 | N418 | E-ink Carta 1200 | 7" | 1680x1264 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen/buttons | 32 GB (internal microSD) | No | Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz | WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C | Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Audiobooks | 144.6 x 161.6 x 9 mm | 215g | $179.99 | October 2021 | 1420 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Sage | N778 | E-ink Carta 1200 | 8" | 1920x1440 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen/buttons/Pen compatible | 32 GB | No | Allwinner B300 Quad Core @ 1.8 GHz | WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C | Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Dropbox support, Audiobooks | 160.5 x 181.4 x 7.6 mm | 240.8g | $259.99 | October 2021 | 1200 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Clara 2E | N506 | E-ink Carta 1200 | 6" | 1448x1072 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen | 16 GB (internal microSD) | No | Freescale Solo Lite 1 GHz | WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C | Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Audiobooks | 112.05 x 159.02 x 8.66 mm | 171g | $129.99 | September 2022 | 1500 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Elipsa 2E | N605 | E-ink Carta 1200 | 10.3" | 1404x1872 | 227 | Capacitive touchscreen/Pen | 32 GB | No | MediaTek MT8113 dual-core 2 GHz | WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n (dual band), Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C | ComfortLight PRO, Dark Mode, Audiobooks | 193 x 227 x 7.5 mm | 390g | $399.99 | Mid 2023 | 2400 mAh | 1 GB |
| Kobo Libra Colour | N428 | E-Ink Kaleido 3 | 7" | 1680x1264 | 300 (B/W) 150 (Color) | Capacitive touchscreen/buttons/Pen | 32 GB | No | MediaTek MT8113T dual-core ARM A53 2 GHz | WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n (dual band), Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C | Waterproof, ComfortLight PRO, Dark Mode, Audiobooks | 144.6 x 161 x 8.3 mm | 199.5g | $219.99 | April 2024 | 2050 mAh | 1 GB |
| Kobo Clara BW | N365 | E-Ink Carta 1300 | 6" | 1448x1072 | 300 | Capacitive touchscreen | 16 GB | No | MediaTek MT8113L ARM A53 1 GHz | WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C | Waterproof, ComfortLight PRO, Dark Mode, Audiobooks | 112 x 160 x 9.2 mm | 174g | $129.99 | April 2024 | 1500 mAh | 512 MB |
| Kobo Clara Colour | N367 | E-Ink Kaleido 3 | 6" | 1448x1072 | 300 (B/W) 150 (Color) | Capacitive touchscreen | 16 GB | No | MediaTek MT8113T dual-core ARM A53 2 GHz | WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C | Waterproof, ComfortLight PRO, Dark Mode, Audiobooks | 112 x 160 x 9.2 mm | 174g | $149.99 | April 2024 | 1500 mAh | 512 MB |

## Market share
### Global

Global e-book readers shipment in 2015
Sellers
Percent
Kobo
13.11%
Amazon
53.30%
PocketBook
9.02% :

### Canada

The Kobo e-reading platform was, as of January 2012, the best-selling in Canada. Research firm Ipsos-Reid estimating that Kobo e-readers represented 46% of the Canadian market.
Market share of e-readers in Canada by Ipsos Reid at January 2012
Sellers
Percent
Kobo
46.0%
Amazon
24.0%
Sony
18.0%
Others
12.0% :

### France

As of spring 2012, Kobo had 50% of the market share in France.

### Other countries

In August 2013, Kobo was the second largest ebook retailer in Japan; further, Forbes estimated it at 3% of the market share in the United States.

## Selected subsidiaries

In October 2012, Kobo Inc. acquired the digital publishing platform Aquafadas to increase the content available on its e-reader devices.

## Software

The firmware updates from Kobo are unencrypted and a wide variety of patches can be applied to them to alter the built-in functionality.
A few open source applications can be installed on Kobo eReaders. This includes KoReader.