OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guðmundur Pálmason

Guðmundur Pálmason (11 June 1928 – 11 March 2004) was an Icelandic chess player and geologist. He is the author of Palmason Model.

## Biography

In 1949, Guðmundur Pálmason graduated from Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík. In 1955, he graduated as a physics engineer from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Pálmason became its director in 1964 and held that position until the end of 1996. In parallel with his work, he served United Nations consultative work in the Philippines, Mali, El Salvador, Taiwan and North Korea. From 1973 to 1974, Guðmundur Pálmason was a visiting professor at Columbia University in New York. In 1971, he defended his doctoral dissertation at the University of Iceland about the construction of Iceland's crust based on wave refraction measurements. There Guðmundur Pálmason explained the first human outline in the construction of Iceland's crust. A few years later, he developed a computational Palmason Model that explained the main features of the geology of Iceland.
Guðmundur Pálmason received various awards for his work. He received the dr. phil. Ólafur Daníelsson and Sigurður Guðmundsson, the Ása Guðmundsdóttir Wright honorary award and the Icelandic Society of Engineers' badge of honor. He was elected a member of the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences and an honorary member of the Icelandic Geothermal Association.
From the mid-1950s to the end of 1960s Guðmundur Pálmason was also one of the leading Icelandic chess players. In 1954, in Mariánské Lázně he participated in World Chess Championship Zonal Tournament. Guðmundur Pálmason has regularly participated in Icelandic Chess Championships and Reykjavík International Chess tournaments (1964, 1966).
Guðmundur Pálmason played for Iceland in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1954, at third board in the 11th Chess Olympiad in Amsterdam (+2, =4, -3),
* In 1958, at second board in the 13th Chess Olympiad in Munich (+3, =12, -1),
* In 1966, at third board in the 17th Chess Olympiad in Havana (+4, =5, -7).
Guðmundur Pálmason played for Iceland in the World Student Team Chess Championships:
* In 1954, at first board in the 1st World Student Team Chess Championship in Oslo (+4, =2, -3),
* In 1955, at first board in the 2nd World Student Team Chess Championship in Lyon (+4, =7, -1),
* In 1956, at second board in the 3rd World Student Team Chess Championship in Uppsala (+6, =2, -1) and won individual gold medal,
* In 1957, at second board in the 4th World Student Team Chess Championship in Reykjavík (+2, =10, -1).
# Haljand Udam

Haljand Udam (May 8, 1936 – December 17, 2005) was an Estonian orientalist and translator.

## Early life and career

Udam was born in Rakvere in 1936 and graduated from Tartu University as a geologist, but soon became interested in Eastern culture, including Ancient Iranian literature. He studied oriental languages in Tashkent university and Moscow State University Initially specializing in Indology, he became interested in traditionalist philosophers like Guénon. In Moscow, Udam defended his candidate's thesis in 1971 (“On the Special Semantic Aspects of the Persian Sufi Terminology”). Udam has translated several works from Arabic (Ibn Tufail), Persian (Rudaki, Saadi, Ali Safi), Urdu, Tajik, and other languages into Estonian, including Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat. He also worked as an editor and contributed to Estonian Encyclopedia (Eesti Entsüklopeedia).
Some of his articles on orientalism have also been published in foreign language magazines. Just before his death, Udam managed to finish the translation of the Quran into Estonian. It was published on 19 December 2007. Udam was also known as one of the few Estonian intellectuals who aligned with the Conservative Revolution.
Udam was the leading scholar of Islam in Estonia. He died in Viterbo, Italy in 2005.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Sedgwick, Mark (2004-06-03). Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century. ISBN 9780199744930.
# Mordellistena exigua

Mordellistena exigua is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1858 by Carl Henrik Boheman.
# Natalius Pigai

Natalius Pigai (born 25 December 1975) is an Indonesian politician serving as minister of human rights since 2024. From 2012 to 2017, he was a member of the National Commission on Human Rights. His experience in the Transmigration Ministry started as a parking attendant and became an honorary officer in the ministry. He started his career after becoming a civil servant and held echelon positions and leadership of the National Human Rights Commission until he became Minister of Minister of Justice in his speech on October 24 2024 in the human rights ministry hall of President Prabowo Subianto's Red and White Cabinet.
# Torrijas

Torrijas is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 87 inhabitants.
This village stands very close to the ski resort in the Javalambre mountains. The local fiesta mayor takes place on the weekend nearest to August the 10th. A second fiesta is held on the 3rd weekend of September, featuring bullfights, fire bulls, evening dances, activities for children and popular meals.
# Stratonice of Macedon

Stratonice (Greek: Στρατονίκη, Stratoníkē; lived in the 3rd century BC) of Macedonia was the daughter of Stratonice of Syria and of the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter (281–261 BC). She was married to Demetrius II (239–229 BC), king of Macedonia.

## Biography

Stratonice bore Demetrius II a daughter called Apama. The period of their marriage is unknown; but she appears to have remained in Macedonia until about 239 BC, when she left Demetrius in disgust, on account of his second marriage to Phthia, the daughter of Olympias, and retired to Syria. Here she in vain incited her nephew Seleucus II Callinicus (246–225 BC) to avenge the insult offered her by declaring war against the Macedonian king. According to another account, she was hoping to induce Seleucus himself to marry her; but that monarch was wholly occupied with the recovery of Babylonia and the upper provinces of the empire. While he was thus engaged, Stratonice took advantage of his absence to raise a revolt against him at Antioch; but she was easily expelled from that city on the return of Seleucus, and took refuge in Seleucia, where she was besieged, taken prisoner, and put to death.
# Aylin Yener

Aylin Yener holds the Roy and Lois Chope Chair in engineering at Ohio State University, and Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking. She also serves as the IEEE Division IX Director, which includes 7 IEEE societies: Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, Information Theory Society, Intelligent Transportation Systems Society, Oceanic Engineering Society, Signal Processing Society, Vehicular Technology Society. She is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Integrated Systems Engineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, as well as an Affiliated Faculty member at the Sustainability Institute and the Translational Data Analytics Institute, all at Ohio State University.

## Education

Yener received her dual B.Sc degrees (1991) in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Physics from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey. She carried out her graduate career at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ and received her M.S. in 1994 and Ph.D. in 2000 in Electrical and Computer Engineering while working in the Wireless Information Network Laboratory (WINLAB).
In 2001, Yener began her academic career as a P.C. Rossin Endowed Assistant Professor at Lehigh University. In 2002, she joined Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. She became a full professor by 2010 and was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for her contributions to wireless communication theory and wireless information security. Yener was named Dean's Fellow in 2017 and made the Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researchers list later the same year. Yener was honored as a Pennsylvania State University Distinguished Professor in 2019.
In 2020, Yener accepted a faculty position at Ohio State University becoming the Electrical Engineering Department's first chaired female professor.

## Research interest

Yener is interested in fundamental performance limits of networked systems, communications and information theory. The applications of these fields include but not limited to information theoretic physical layer security, energy harvesting communication networks, and caching systems. She runs the INSPIRE Lab (Information and Networked Systems Powered by Innovation and Research in Engineering) at Ohio State University.

## Awards

* American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellow (2023),
* IEEE Information Theory Society President (2020),
* IEEE Information Theory Society Vice President (2019),
* IEEE Guglielmo Marconi Best Paper Award (2014),
* Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) grant, "Rethinking Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Non-Equilibrium Information Theory" (2007).
# Martin Christoffel

Dr. Martin Christoffel (21 September 1922 – 3 April 2001) was a Swiss chess champion born in Basel. In 1944 he won the Coupe Suisse knockout tournament. Christoffel won the Swiss Chess Championship in 1943, 1945, 1948, and 1952, and was joint champion with Jules Ehrat in 1942. In 1946, he represented Switzerland at the Groningen International Tournament - the first major Post WWII chess event but finished last.
The 1952 Swiss Championship was an international tournament with eight Swiss players and six international players organized by Schachgesellschaft Zürich. Christoffel tied for second with Max Euwe (Netherlands), behind Erik Lundin (Sweden). FIDE subsequently awarded Christoffel the International Master title in 1952.
In 1989, Christoffel became an International Master of Correspondence Chess (IMC), and a Senior IMC in 1990. He won the Swiss Senior Championship in 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1994. From 1987 to 1991, he was president of the Swiss Chess Federation.
He died in Rombach.
# Making News: Texas Style

Making News: Texas Style was a 2007 TV Guide Network reality television series based in the Midland/Odessa, Texas Metro area, following the work lives of the anchors and reporters at KOSA-TV, the local CBS affiliate in the nation's 159th-ranked media market. The show aired on Monday nights at 8/7C on the TV Guide Network.

## Production

The program was taped at KOSA's studio at Music City Mall, which is owned by KOSA's parent company and is located in Odessa, contrary to the title sequence.
The series featured stories from Odessa and Midland as well as Goldsmith and Pecos. Sometimes, news anchors at rival station KWES-TV, the market's local NBC affiliate, were followed, but not as frequently.

## Reception

The series marked the shifting priorities of the TV Guide Network as it "veered harder into entertainment" and "extended the channel's thematic interest in television." The series was described as a ratings success for the network, doubling its average primetime household rating and leading to a 2008 spinoff series set in Savannah, Georgia.
Writing for Texas Monthly, TV critic Christopher Kelly compared the program to mockumentaries like Waiting for Guffman, calling it " a witty, insightful, and even touching look at a television station that’s probably not much bigger than your average high school AV club" and said the show "blows to smithereens every last stereotype of small-minded, small-town Texas." New York Daily News critic Richard Huff said that the series was "fun to watch", but he thought that it largely confirmed the stereotypes of local television news as "cheesy, overwrought and sensational".

## Cast

*The cast is listed by appearance in theme sequence*
* Jay Hendricks- Anchor
* Kara Lee- Reporter
* Jose Gaona - News Director
* Tatum Hubbard- Anchor (listed as Co-Anchor in first two episodes)
* Gary Williams Jr.- Producer
* Melissa Correa- Reporter
* Bill Warren- Anchor (Dropped as Anchor in second episode, Listed as Reporter in third)*Not Listed in title sequence and appeared on show*
* Craig Stewart- Weather Director
* Greg Morgan- meteorologist
* Jeff Stewart- Sports Director
* Mike Barker- Anchor
* Javi Perez - Sports Reporter
* Catherine Collins - Reporter
* Armando Saldivar - Reporter
* Krista Escamilla - Morning Anchor
* Eddie Garcia - Reporter
* Allyson Powell - Reporter
The entire KOSA news team can be found here: KOSA-TV Staff
# Doridoxidae

Doridoxidae, commonly known as doridoxid nudibranchs, are a small, enigmatic taxonomic family of shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Cladobranchia within the clade Nudibranchia.
Doridoxidae is currently the only family in the superfamily Doridoxoidea, within the clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea (= Doridoxida). Molecular evidence shows that it groups with the genera Doridomorpha and Heterodoris and the family Arminidae and close to Tritoniidae.

## Genera

The family Doridoxidae is a small family with only one genus Doridoxa and two species:
* Doridoxa benthalis Barnard, 1963
* Doridoxa walteri (Krause, 1892)
Species brought into synonymy:
* Doridoxa ingolfiana Bergh, 1899 - the type species of Doridoxa; synonym of Doridoxa walteri.
# Dont'e Thornton

Dont'e Thornton Jr. (born November 30, 2002) is an American college football wide receiver for the Tennessee Volunteers. He previously played for the Oregon Ducks.

## Early life

Thornton attended Mount Saint Joseph High School in Baltimore, Maryland. He was rated as a four-star recruit and committed to play for the Oregon Ducks.

## College career
### Oregon

As a freshman in 2021, Thornton notched nine receptions for 175 yards and two touchdowns. In 2022, he appeared in 11 games for the Ducks with five starts, where he hauled in 17 receptions for 366 yards and a touchdown. After the season, Thornton entered his name into the NCAA transfer portal.

### Tennessee

Thornton transferred to play for the Tennessee Volunteers. In week 11 of the 2023 season, he hauled in a 46 yard touchdown but suffered a season-ending injury on the play versus Missouri. In first season with the Volunteers in 2023, Thornton hauled in 13 receptions for 224 yards and one touchdown. In the 2024 season opener, he hauled in three receptions for 105 yards and two touchdowns in a win over Chattanooga. In week 11, Thornton hauled in three receptions for 104 yards and a touchdown in a win over Mississippi State. In the 2024 season, he finished with 26 receptions for 661 yards and six touchdowns.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 4+5⁄8 in (1.95 m) | 205 lb (93 kg) | 32+1⁄8 in (0.82 m) | 9+5⁄8 in (0.24 m) | 4.30 s | 1.51 s | 33.0 in (0.84 m) | 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) |
| All values from NFL Combine ||||||||
# Ringstreaked guitarfish

The ringstreaked guitarfish (Rhinobatos hynnicephalus) is a species of fish in the Rhinobatidae family found in China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are open seas, shallow seas, coral reefs, and estuarine waters.
Ringstreaked guitarfish have paired reproductive organs and are ovoviviparous with a 1:1 sex ratio.
# What's Missing (band)

What's Missing were a rock band from Morgantown, West Virginia, formed in 2013. To date they have released two EPs: Under (2015), and Shortly Thereafter (2017), along with a variety of singles. They have been described as "grungy, raspy pop-punk.” The band draws influence from artists like Green Day, Balance And Composure, and Rozwell Kid.
The band was formed by singer/guitarist Zane Miller, guitarist Aaron New, and drummer Matt Herrald after Miller and New began attending school together at West Virginia University in the fall of 2013. New departed from the band in late 2018, later starting a new project, Great Comet, and What's Missing underwent changes before settling on their final line-up featuring bassist Brian Spragg and guitarist Geoff Minnear.
In the fall of 2015, the band released their first EP, Under, with help from producer Eric Kirkland. In the summer of 2016, they released a single, "Threadbare," with proceeds at the time going to victims of the Pulse night club shooting in Orlando. In February 2017, the band released their EP Shortly Thereafter with help from Spragg (who previously produced for Rozwell Kid) and was mixed by Mat Kerekes of Citizen.
The band dissolved in late 2023, after nearly a decade of activity.

## Discography

EPs
* Under (2015)
* Shortly Thereafter (2017)
Singles
* "Threadbare" (2016)
* "Unfun - The Swelter Song" (2018)
* "Root" (2019)
* “Some Truth” (2019)
* “Bottle & Burst/Waste Me” (2020)
* “Cholula Oblongata” (2022)
* "Lion v. Tuna/Well" (2022)
# Jules Ehrat

Jules Ehrat (1 February 1905 – 1997) was a Swiss chess player born in Lohn, Schaffhausen. He was the 1942 Swiss Chess Champion jointly with Martin Christoffel.
The Jules Ehrat Memorial chess tournament held in Zürich 13–22 August 1999 pitted two five–player teams against each other. The German team, led by Christopher Lutz, defeated the Swiss team, led by Viktor Korchnoi, by 26½ to 23½.
# St. Rita's Church (Staten Island)

St. Rita's Church is a parish church governed by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, in Staten Island, New York City, founded in 1921. Named for the same saint, the Bronx parish of St. Rita of Cascia was established in 1900.
# Megachile micheneri

Megachile micheneri is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1936.
# Fritz Gygli

Fritz Gygli (12 November 1896 in Villachern – 27 April 1980 in Zürich) was a Swiss chess master.
He tied for 3rd-4th at St. Gallen 1920, tied for 4-8th at Neuchâtel 1922, shared 2nd at Interlaken 1924, took 2nd at Zurich 1925, tied for 3rd-4th at Geneva 1926, tied for 5-6th at Biel 1927, tied for 4-5th at Basel 1928, took 3rd at Schaffhausen, and took 5th at Lausanne 1930.
In the 1930s, he took 4th at Berne 1932 (Quadrangular), took 15th at Berne 1932 (an event won by Alexander Alekhine), tied for 3rd-4th at Berne 1933 (Quadrangular), took 11th at Zürich 1934 (Alekhine won), and took 6th at Montreux 1939.
Gygli represented Switzerland in Chess Olympiads at The Hague 1928, Warsaw 1935, and in 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad, Munich 1936. He also played in friendly matches for Switzerland against France (1946), Yugoslavia (1949), and West Germany (1952).
He won the Swiss Championship in 1941.
# Flavored milk

Flavored milk is a sweetened dairy drink made with milk, sugar, flavorings, and sometimes food colorings. It may be sold as a pasteurized, refrigerated product, or as an ultra-high-temperature (UHT) treated product not requiring refrigeration. It may also be made in restaurants or homes by mixing flavorings into milk.
In New England, milk blended with flavored syrups such as chocolate or strawberry in a milkshake machine, is commonly called a "milkshake"; in other parts of the United States, a milkshake always includes ice cream or thickeners.

## Types

Common flavourings include chocolate, coffee, malted milk, strawberry and banana. Commercial brand flavours include Horlicks, Nesquik and Milo. Bottled spiced (masala) milk is a popular beverage in the Indian subcontinent.

## Consumption

Australia has the highest consumption of flavored milk in the world, drinking 9.5 L (2.5 US gal) more than the per capita figure for any other country in 2003. It is particularly popular in the Australian states of South Australia and Western Australia. A 2013 Sunday Times article reported Western Australia was the "flavoured milk capital of Australia," with a A$220-million industry, average consumption of 19 liters (5.0 U.S. gal) per person, and more than 40 varieties of iced coffee alone available. Similarly, a 2006 Adelaide Advertiser reported South Australia consumed 45,000,000 L (12,000,000 US gal) of flavored milk each year, with 82% of market share held by a single brand, Farmers Union. According to Coca-Cola Amatil, one of the largest bottlers in the Asia-Pacific region, South Australia is the only place where sales of flavored milk outstrip those of cola.

## Controversy and criticism

Jamie Oliver, host of Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution, brought attention in the United States to public schools that serve flavored milk in the school cafeterias. Flavored milk advocates claim that many children will avoid the nutrition found in milk unless it has been flavored, with the benefits of milk outweighing a few teaspoons of sugar. Opponents say that with rising levels of obesity and heart disease, flavored milk should be removed from schools and children should be taught to drink plain milk.
A 2018 analysis of more than 90 popular chilled flavored dairy milks revealed that a carton of flavored milk can contain as much sugar as a can of soft drink, with many of the bestselling brands containing more than a day's worth of added sugar in a single serving.
Recently, there have been limited new regulations introduced to safeguard children's meals. The latest policy, known as the fourth state-level Healthy Beverage Default law (HBD), aims to restrict sugary beverage options in children's meals. However, it has been found ineffective in reducing children's sugar intake. Despite efforts in various U.S. states like Illinois and Delaware to regulate flavored milk and 100% juice, there are still variations in fat content, size restrictions, and calorie limitations for children.
# Iko Maran

Iko Maran (26 February 1915 – 12 November 1999) was an Estonian playwright and children's book author.

## Early life

Maran was born in Pskov to ethnic Estonian parents. His father was killed in the First World War. His family left Russia in 1922 for the newly independent nation of Estonia, settling in the town of Härgla in the parish of Juuru. Maran went to high school in Tallinn, and studied at the University of Tartu from 1936 to 1940. During the German occupation, he scraped by on odd jobs.
During the latter half of the 1940s he was an employee of Eesti Raadio, and later worked as a literary director at various Tallinn theaters, including the Estonian Drama Theatre. He joined the Estonian Writers' Union in 1958 and the Estonian Theater Association in 1967.

## Literary career

Maran began his literary career in partnership with Bernhard Lülle. Under the collective pseudonym of Lall Kahas, they authored a drama, The Burning Car ('Põlev alus'), which premiered in Valga in 1946. It appeared in printed form in the same year, and the duo went on to write further plays both for children and adults.
In 1949 the pair wrote their first children's book, Friends ('Sõbrad'), which would be followed by three more. Their books were credited with "broadening the horizons of reading for Estonian children", perhaps because they showed pre-Soviet Estonia in a positive light, a rarity in the Stalinist era.
After 1964, Maran wrote independently and published his works under his own name. His greatest success came with the fairy-tale Londiste, Real Name Phant ('Londiste, õige nimega Vant', 1972) and its sequel Hot Ice Cream ('Tuline jäätis', 1976).
In 1974 he was awarded the Juhan Smuul Prize, the State Prize of the Estonian SSR, for his contributions to children's literature.

## Translations

Maran's books have been translated into several languages, principally Russian and German. Foreign translations of his works were generally produced in Tallinn without the involvement of foreign publishers, leading some scholars to characterize these translations as pseudoreception, a process whereby state-sponsored Soviet literature was unilaterally translated and exported into target languages without any involvement or interest from the target audience. Hot Ice Cream was translated into English in 1983 by Aino Jõgi, and is the only one of Maran's works to have received an English translation. Maran himself worked as a translator from Russian into Estonian.
# Megachile mucorosa

Megachile mucorosa is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1908. It is found in the Western US.