# 2024 Israeli military operation in the West Bank

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On 28 August 2024, Israel launched a large-scale military operation in the occupied West Bank.
It was Israel's largest military operation in the West Bank in more than 20 years since its Operation Defensive Shield in 2002, and marked a significant escalation of the continual Israeli incursions into the region against Palestinian militants during the ongoing Gaza war. Israel called it "Operation Summer Camps" (Hebrew: מבצע מחנות קיץ), while Palestinian militants labeled their response as the "Horror of the Camps" (Arabic: رعب المخيمات) operation.
Israel said its goal was to stop Palestinian militant activity in the West Bank, whereas Palestinians felt that the operation could be an expansion of the war aimed at their displacement. Israel also said the raids were aimed to thwart Palestinian suicide bombings, following a failed attempt in Tel Aviv.

## Background

Israel's military operation occurred as Israeli settler violence targeting Palestinian infrastructure and civilians in the West Bank has surged. More than 650 Palestinians in the West Bank, including both gunmen and civilians, were killed since the Hamas-led October 7 attacks, which began the ongoing war, while 27 Israelis, including both civilians and security forces, were killed in Palestinian attacks within Israel and the West Bank.

## Timeline
### 28 August

Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Arabic spokesman Avichay Adraee announced a counterterrorism operation called "Summer Camps" in a joint statement with the Shin Bet. Israeli foreign minister Israel Katz stated that the operation was a "full-fledged war" focused on stamping out "terrorist infrastructures", accusing Iran of trying to establish an "eastern terrorist front" against Israel in the West Bank by funding and arming local militants. The Israeli operation came about following a failed suicide bombing in Tel Aviv by a Hamas operative, and calls by Hamas for the renewal of suicide attacks.
Hundreds of troops from the IDF, as well as bulldozers and air support, began operating in Tulkarm and Jenin. Operations were also reported in al-Fara'a refugee camp, near Tubas. Entry points into Tulkarm and Jenin were blocked off by the IDF, which also encircled two hospitals in Tulkarm.

### 29 August

The IDF killed Muhammad Jabber, known as Abu Shujaa, who led the Tulkarm Brigade, based in Nur Shams. He was wanted by Israel for his involvement in planning and executing multiple attacks against Israeli targets, including the June 2024 shooting of an Israeli civilian.
Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) in Tulkarm and Jenin targeted IDF troops operating in these cities with ambushes and explosives.
The IDF withdrew from the al-Fara'a refugee camp, claiming they completed "the objective of foiling terror, exposing terrorist infrastructure and eliminating armed terrorists".

### 30 August

Israeli Border Police forces killed Wassem Hazem, the head of Hamas in Jenin, near the town of Zababdeh. The Jenin Brigades reported "fierce clashes" with Israeli soldiers inside Jenin.
The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades used two car bombs to attack Israeli settlements near Hebron.

### 31 August

The IDF announced that a squad commander of the Bislamach Brigade's 906th Battalion was killed and three others were injured during a shootout with two Hamas fighters in Jenin. Both militants were also killed.
The family of a 10-year-old girl accused the IDF of using her as a human shield.

### 1 September

The Khalil al-Rahman Brigade, a minor Palestinian militant group, killed three Israeli police officers who were driving near Hebron.

### 3 September

A Palestinian girl, Lujain Musleh, aged 16, was reportedly shot dead by the Israeli military in Kafr Dan when she looked out of her home's window; the Israeli military responded that "terrorists opened fire at IDF soldiers in the area, and in response the soldiers fired back at a suspect who observed the forces in the area, in order to remove a threat".

### 6 September

The IDF withdrew from Jenin, Tulkarm, and their refugee camps. Following the Israeli withdrawal from Jenin, militants were seen parading through the city.
There was speculation that the withdrawals signified the operation had concluded, but Israel clarified that it was not over and that its forces would continue military actions "in order to achieve the objectives of the counterterrorism operation".

### 9 September

It was reported that the Palestinian Authority (PA) agreed to a new security deal with Israel that would see its National Security Forces working alongside the IDF in the West Bank to counter militancy when the Israeli operation concludes.
Clashes broke out between militants and PA security forces in the Jenin refugee camp after the latter dismantled an explosive intended to target IDF vehicles near the camp entrance.

### 10 September

The IDF returned to operate inside Tulkarm and its surrounding refugee camps.

### 11 September

An Israeli airstrike near Tubas killed five people.
A Palestinian militant carried out a ramming attack near the Givat Asaf settlement, killing one IDF soldier.

### 12 September

The IDF withdrew from Tulkarm.
The IDF killed 10 people during a raid into al-Fara'a camp, including a UNRWA worker whom Israel accused of participating in Palestinian militancy.

### 19 September

The IDF battled Palestinian militias in Qabatiya, where it also conducted an airstrike that killed four militants, including Shadi Zakarneh, a local commander. Soldiers were seen kicking and throwing the corpses of dead militants off a rooftop in the city.
The al-Quds Brigades of PIJ targeted the Shaked settlement with gunfire.
The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades targeted an IDF checkpoint at Mount Ebal with gunfire.

### 21 September

The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades targeted an IDF checkpoint at Mount Gerzim with gunfire.

### 25 September

The IDF resumed operations inside Jenin.

### 26 September

The IDF conducted a situational assessment in the West Bank to review how to prevent attacks from Palestinian militants ahead of upcoming Jewish holidays.

### 30 September

In Balata Camp outside Nablus, four IDF soldiers, including one from the elite Duvdevan Unit, were wounded during an exchange of fire with militants.

### 3 October

An Israeli airstrike on a café in the Tulkarm refugee camp killed at least 20 people, including Zahi Yaser Abd al-Razeq Oufi and Ayyth Radwan, the heads of the local Hamas and PIJ branches, respectively. It was the first Israeli strike on Tulkarm since 2002 during Operation Defensive Shield. Several civilians including elderly and children were killed in the airstrike, which was the deadliest since the Second Intifada of 2000–2005. Laith Jaar, an Al Jazeera journalist who was covering the bombing was assaulted by a PA security officer, who threatened to shoot him. Jaar was subsequently arrested and detained by the PA security forces, but was released the next day.

### 4 October

An Israeli airstrike on a building in the Tulkarm refugee camp killed 12 Hamas and PIJ members who had gathered to plan an attack against Israel.

## Aftermath

The operation did not deal a substantial blow to Palestinian militancy. In December 2024, Yoni Ben Menachem, writing for the Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs, stated that Operation Summer Camps had "failed to dismantle the terror infrastructure in northern Samaria, as most militants fled to rural areas". Similarly, Yaakov Lappin, writing for Jewish News Syndicate in January 2025, described the operation as one of many Israeli operations throughout the years that had failed to "[offer] any real solution".

## Responses

UN secretary general António Guterres, called for Israel to end its operations in the West Bank. UN secretary general spokesman said Israel should "exercise maximum restraint and use lethal force only when it is strictly unavoidable to protect life." In a social media post, the UN Human Rights Office stated it was "appalled" by reports that Israel had "shot and unlawfully killed" three children in Jenin.
The Israeli ambassador to the UN responded by saying that Israel will not wait for suicide bombings, adding that bombs were being smuggled in by Iran. The United States called for Israel to protect civilians in the West Bank during its operations, and recognized Israeli security reasoning for the operation.
Hamas called for Palestinians in the West Bank to rise up and blamed the escalation on United States support for Israel. It also called on the Palestinian Authority's security forces to join the fighting against Israel.
The Palestinian Authority condemned the operation despite its own cooperation with Israel, and called on the United States to intervene.
In late-September 2024, the International Rescue Committee warned that intensifying violence in the West Bank could obstruct the healthcare system.