OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# IRIS Khanjar

IRIS Khanjar (Persian: خنجر, lit. 'Dagger') is a Kaman-class fast attack craft in the Southern Fleet of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy.

## Construction and commissioning

Neyzeh was built by French Constructions Mécaniques de Normandie at Cherbourg, as one of the second six contracted on 14 October 1974. Her keel was laid down on 17 January 1977 and on 27 April 1978, she was launched. Together with Neyzeh and Tabarzin, Khanjar was delivered in c.1980, but remained at the shipyard due to an embargo in effect by the French government. France decided to release the three, and all were commissioned into the fleet on 1 August 1981.

## Service history

In 2014, Khanjar and Neyzeh (P231) participated in a joint naval drill with Pakistan Navy in the Gulf of Oman. On 7 September 2016, she was dispatched –as part of the 43rd flotilla, along with her sister Falakhon (P226), amphibious vessel Lavan (514) and support ship Konarak (1403)– to secure international waters sailed by Iranian commercial ships, and on 28 September, she arrived in Karachi, Pakistan for a three-day port visit. She made another call to the same port on 10 October 2018, this time with Neyzeh (P231) and Bushehr (422), while deployed for an anti-piracy mission to the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden. The ship was modernized in 2017–2021.
# Shologonsky Rural Okrug, Olenyoksky District, Sakha Republic

66°15′N 114°17′E﻿ / ﻿66.250°N 114.283°E﻿ / 66.250; 114.283
Shologonsky Ethnic Rural Okrug or Shologonsky Nasleg (Russian: Шологонский национальный наслег (сельский округ)) is an administrative division of Olenyoksky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia. As a municipal division, its territory is incorporated as Shologonsky Ethnic Rural Settlement within Olenyoksky Municipal District.

## Geography

It is located on the Markha River downstream of Udachny. Its administrative center and the only inhabited locality is Eyik.

## Climate

The rural okrug has an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfd). Winters are extremely cold with average temperatures from −46.0 to −36.0 °C (−50.8 to −32.8 °F) in January, while summers are mild with average temperatures from +5.9 to +21.7 °C (42.6 to 71.1 °F). Precipitation is moderate, and is significantly higher in summer than at other times of the year.
Climate data for Shologonsky Rural Okrug :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) | −1.1 (30.0) | 6.3 (43.3) | 21.7 (71.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 34.1 (93.4) | 36.1 (97.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 4.0 (39.2) | −0.6 (30.9) | 36.1 (97.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −36.0 (−32.8) | −30.1 (−22.2) | −15.4 (4.3) | −3.6 (25.5) | 6.1 (43.0) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 17.6 (63.7) | 8.0 (46.4) | −6.9 (19.6) | −26.0 (−14.8) | −33.5 (−28.3) | −6.7 (19.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −40.7 (−41.3) | −36.5 (−33.7) | −24.8 (−12.6) | −11.3 (11.7) | 1.0 (33.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 2.5 (36.5) | −11.8 (10.8) | −30.9 (−23.6) | −38.3 (−36.9) | −12.8 (9.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −46.0 (−50.8) | −43.6 (−46.5) | −35.4 (−31.7) | −22.4 (−8.3) | −7.0 (19.4) | 3.3 (37.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 2.0 (35.6) | −4.2 (24.4) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −36.8 (−34.2) | −43.5 (−46.3) | −20.5 (−4.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −61.1 (−78.0) | −62.0 (−79.6) | −58.9 (−74.0) | −46.1 (−51.0) | −30.0 (−22.0) | −12.8 (9.0) | −5.0 (23.0) | −12.2 (10.0) | −26.0 (−14.8) | −42.2 (−44.0) | −60.0 (−76.0) | −64.8 (−84.6) | −64.8 (−84.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.1 (0.44) | 12.6 (0.50) | 26.7 (1.05) | 23.0 (0.91) | 53.2 (2.09) | 78.2 (3.08) | 70.5 (2.78) | 57.2 (2.25) | 53.6 (2.11) | 45.4 (1.79) | 23.6 (0.93) | 12.9 (0.51) | 468 (18.44) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 14.7 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 9.2 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 9.1 | 10.7 | 15.5 | 14.7 | 12.3 | 134 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78.9 | 76.8 | 72.4 | 64.8 | 60.0 | 61.7 | 66.9 | 74.2 | 76.6 | 82.1 | 81.4 | 79.2 | 72.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 9.3 | 98.0 | 223.2 | 267.0 | 269.7 | 276.0 | 297.6 | 186.0 | 117.0 | 62.0 | 33.0 | 0.0 | 1,838.8 |
| Source: climatebase.ru ||||||||||||||
# High-resolution scheme

High-resolution schemes are used in the numerical solution of partial differential equations where high accuracy is required in the presence of shocks or discontinuities. They have the following properties:
* Second- or higher-order spatial accuracy is obtained in smooth parts of the solution.
* Solutions are free from spurious oscillations or wiggles.
* High accuracy is obtained around shocks and discontinuities.
* The number of mesh points containing the wave is small compared with a first-order scheme with similar accuracy.
General methods are often not adequate for accurate resolution of steep gradient phenomena; they usually introduce non-physical effects such as smearing of the solution or spurious oscillations. Since publication of Godunov's order barrier theorem, which proved that linear methods cannot provide non-oscillatory solutions higher than first order (Godunov 1954, Godunov 1959), these difficulties have attracted much attention and a number of techniques have been developed that largely overcome these problems. To avoid spurious or non-physical oscillations where shocks are present, schemes that exhibit a Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) characteristic are especially attractive. Two techniques that are proving to be particularly effective are MUSCL (Monotone Upstream-Centered Schemes for Conservation Laws), a flux/slope limiter method (van Leer 1979, Hirsch 1991, Anderson, Tannehill & Pletcher 2016, Laney 1998, Toro 1999) and the WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) method (Shu 1998, Shu 2009). Both methods are usually referred to as high resolution schemes (see diagram).
MUSCL methods are generally second-order accurate in smooth regions (although they can be formulated for higher orders) and provide good resolution, monotonic solutions around discontinuities. They are straightforward to implement and are computationally efficient.
For problems comprising both shocks and complex smooth solution structure, WENO schemes can provide higher accuracy than second-order schemes along with good resolution around discontinuities. Most applications tend to use a fifth order accurate WENO scheme, whilst higher order schemes can be used where the problem demands improved accuracy in smooth regions.
The method of holistic discretisation systematically analyses subgrid scale dynamics to algebraically construct closures for numerical discretisations that are both accurate to any specified order of error in smooth regions, and automatically adapt to cater for rapid grid variations through the algebraic learning of subgrid structures (Roberts 2003). A web service analyses any PDE in a class that may be submitted.
# Federal Road (Creek lands)

The Federal Road through the territory of the Creek people was a project that started in 1805 when the Creek gave permission for the development of a "horse path" through their nation for more efficient mail delivery between Washington City (modern-day Washington, D.C.) and New Orleans, Louisiana. This section started at Fort Wilkinson near Milledgeville, Georgia, and ended at Fort Stoddert near Mobile, Alabama. By the time of the War of 1812, the Federal Road began in Augusta, Georgia, ran through Fort Hawkins (in Macon, Georgia), on to Fort Mitchell, Alabama (near modern Phenix City, Alabama), and was connected via the Three Notch Road to Pensacola in Spanish West Florida.
The Federal Road was at first for mail delivery. It was widened into a war road during 1811, and used during the Creek War (1813–14). The result was removal of most of the Creek people to the West.
Another Federal Road (Cherokee lands) went from Savannah, Georgia through northern Georgia to Knoxville, Tennessee, and opened up Cherokee land for settlement.
# Graduate Schools for Law and Politics and Faculty of Law, University of Tokyo

Faculty of Law (東京大学法学部) is one of the 10 constituent faculties, and Graduate Schools for Law and Politics (東京大学大学院法学政治学研究科) is one of the constituent 15 graduate schools at the University of Tokyo. The Faculty and the Graduate School operate as one.
Faculty of Law is one of the oldest 4 faculties (Science, Medicine, Law and Letters) of the University of Tokyo and the oldest law school in Japan. Most of Japan's high-level bureaucrats are graduates of the University of Tokyo's Faculty of Law, and it has long produced political and judicial establishment in Japan.
Fifteen Japanese prime ministers are graduates of this Faculty, (Takaaki Kato, Reijiro Wakatsuki, Osachi Hamaguchi, Koki Hirota, Kiichiro Hiranuma, Kijuro Shidehara, Shigeru Yoshida, Tetsu Katayama, Hitoshi Ashida, Ichiro Hatoyama, Nobusuke Kishi, Eisaku Sato, Takeo Fukuda, Yasuhiro Nakasone, Kiichi Miyazawa). As of February 2025, two thirds of the justiceships at the Supreme Court of Japan (11 out of 15) are held by alumni of this faculty.
Outside Japan, the faculty is the alma mater of all four Japanese judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): Kōtarō Tanaka, Shigeru Oda, Hisashi Owada and Yuji Iwasawa. Yuji Iwasawa has served as the president of the ICJ since March 2025. Tomoko Akane has served as the president of the International Criminal Court (ICC) since March 2024.

## Degree programs
### Undergraduate Programs at Faculty of Law

As with other undergraduate programs at the University of Tokyo, students move from the College of Arts and Sciences to the faculties of Advanced Studies. Faculty of Law offers Bachelor of Laws in Law and Politics.
The courses are as follows:
* I (General Legal Studies Course) (equivalent to the former course II)
* II (Law Profession Course) (equivalent to the former course I)
* III (Political Science Course)
Courses prior to 2017 are listed below.
* I (Private Law Course)
* II (Public Law Course)
* III (Political Science Course)

### Graduate programs at Graduate Schools for Law and Politics

The Graduate Schools for Law and Politics offers academic programs and a J.D. program (専門職学位課程) equivalent to law school.
* School of Legal and Political Studies:
** Doctoral Degree in Legal and Political Studies
** Master's Degree in Legal and Political Studies
* School of Law:
** J.D.

## Centers

The Faculty of Law has three centers as follows.
* Law Library, University of Tokyo
* Institute of Business Law and Comparative Law and Politics (IBC)
* Center for Modern Japanese Legal and Political Documents
# Premonoidal category

In category theory, a premonoidal category is a generalisation of a monoidal category where the monoidal product need not be a bifunctor, but only to be functorial in its two arguments separately. This is in analogy with the concept of separate continuity in topology.
Premonoidal categories naturally arise in theoretical computer science as the Kleisli categories of strong monads. They also have a graphical language given by string diagrams with an extra wire going through each box so that they cannot be reordered.

## Funny tensor product

The category of small categories $\mathbf {Cat}$ is a closed monoidal category in exactly two ways: with the usual categorical product and with the funny tensor product. Given two categories $C$ and $D$, let $C\Rightarrow D$ be the category with functors $F,G:C\to D$ as objects and unnatural transformations $\alpha :F\Rightarrow G$ as arrows, i.e. families of morphisms $\{\alpha _{X}:F(X)\to G(X)\}_{X\in C}$ which do not necessarily satisfy the condition for a natural transformation.
The funny tensor product is the left adjoint of unnatural transformations, i.e. there is a natural isomorphism $\mathbf {Cat} (C\ \Box \ D,D')\simeq \mathbf {Cat} (C,D\Rightarrow D')$ for currying. It can be defined explicitly as the pushout of the span $(C_{0}\times D)\to (C\times D)\leftarrow (C\times D_{0})$ where $C_{0},D_{0}$ are the discrete categories of objects of $C,D$ and the two functors are inclusions. In the case of groups seen as one-object categories, this is called the free product.

## Sesquicategories

The same way we can define a monoidal category as a one-object 2-category, i.e. an enriched category over $(\mathbf {Cat} ,\times )$ with the Cartesian product as monoidal structure, we can define a premonoidal category as a one-object sesquicategory, i.e. a category enriched over $(\mathbf {Cat} ,\Box )$ with the funny tensor product as monoidal structure. This is called a sesquicategory (literally, "one-and-a-half category") because it is like a 2-category without the interchange law $(\alpha \circ _{0}\beta )\circ _{1}(\gamma \circ _{0}\delta )=(\alpha \circ _{1}\gamma )\circ _{0}(\beta \circ _{1}\delta )$.
# Yaava Janmada Maitri

Yaava Janmada Maitri (pronunciation) is a 1972 Kannada language romantic drama film directed by Geethapriya and starring Gangadhar and Kalpana in the lead roles. The film is a direct screen adaptation of the novel "Jeevana Chaduranga" written by the novelist Ma. Bhi. She. Actress Vaishali Kasaravalli made her debut in this film, opposite comedian Narasimharaju. The film was remade in Telugu in 1973 as Sarada, in Tamil in 1973 as Radha and in Hindi in 1975 as Dulhan.
Besides direction, Geethapriya also wrote the lyrics as well as the screenplay and dialogues and won Karnataka State Film Award for the year 1972 for this story. The soundtrack and original score composed by Vijaya Bhaskar was widely acclaimed and won the State Award for music. Actress Kalpana got her maiden Filmfare Best Actress award for her complex portrayal of the lead character.

## Cast

* Kalpana as Lalitha
* Gangadhar as Krishna Murthy
* K. S. Ashwath as Shankar, Lalitha's brother
* Narasimharaju
* Vaishali Kasaravalli
* B. V. Radha
* Rathna
* Dr. Sampath Kumar

## Crew

* Producer: M V Venkatachalam
* Production Company: Sudarshan Films (P) Limited
* Director: Geethapriya
* Music: Vijaya Bhaskar
* Lyrics: Geethapriya
* Story: Ma Bhi She
* Screenplay: Geethapriya
* Dialogues: Geethapriya
* Editing: Bal G Yadav, N M Victor
* Cinematography: V Manohar
* Art Direction: Perumal Raju

## Soundtrack

The songs composed by Vijaya Bhaskar and sung by P. Susheela, S. Janaki and L. R. Anjali found wide reach and considered one of the best soundtracks winning him a State Award.
| Sl No | Song Title | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Madhura Murali Lola" | P. Susheela | Geethapriya |
| 2 | "Manjula Naada" | S. Janaki | Geethapriya |
| 3 | "Jyothi Kirana Kande" | P. Susheela | Geethapriya |
| 4 | "Ananda Kanda" | S. Janaki, L. R. Anjali | Geethapriya |
| 5 | "Savira Preshneya" | P. Susheela | Geethapriya |

## Awards

* Karnataka State Film Awards
* Second Best Film
* Best Music Director - Vijaya Bhaskar
* Filmfare Awards South
* Best Actress - Kalpana
# John McIntosh (footballer, born 1943)

John David McIntosh (1 November 1943 – 16 October 2021) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Claremont Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Originally from Beverley, Western Australia, McIntosh also played 19 interstate matches, 18 for Western Australia and one for Victoria. He retired after four games of the 1972 VFL season due to a knee injury originally sustained in the 1971 VFL second semi-final.

## Career

McIntosh was a ruckman and played with Claremont from 1962 to 1969, winning their best and fairest award twice. He represented Western Australia 18 times at interstate football and was All Australian in 1966 and 1969. In the 1966 Hobart Carnival, he was awarded the Simpson Medal. He was a key member to their 1964 WANFL premiership win over East Fremantle; a year later, he finished third in the 1965 Sandover Medal behind Barry Cable and eventual winner Bill Walker.
In 1970, he was lured to Victoria to join St Kilda and had an outstanding debut season, finishing equal 5th in the Brownlow Medal count. In 1971, he finished equal 2nd, missing out on the Brownlow by three votes to former Saints teammate Ian Stewart, then playing with Richmond. In the 1971 semi-final against Hawthorn, he badly injured his left knee and was unable to play in the Grand Final. Further damage to his knee in the fourth game of the 1972 season saw him announce his retirement from football at the age of 28.
McIntosh averaged 0.77 Brownlow medal votes per VFL game over the course of his career, which, as of the conclusion of the 2022 AFL season, places him 16th on the all-time list for players who polled more than 30 votes. Only three Western Australian players in history have averaged more votes per game in the VFL. In 2004, he was inducted into the WA Football Hall of Fame.

## Post football

Following his retirement from football he was a pennant tennis player, enjoyed fishing and later took up lawn bowls for the Dalkeith Nedlands Bowling Club, winning numerous club championship events as well as a state title.
John McIntosh died on 16 October 2021 after being diagnosed with leukemia in 2020.

## Family

McIntosh married Gwenda Don, a former winner of the Western Australian state singles tennis championships. His sons, Nathan and Ashley McIntosh, both played senior WAFL football, while Ashley is a former defender for the West Coast Eagles who played in two AFL premierships; and his daughter, Karlene, also represented Western Australia in state tennis.
# Hamilton Kerr Institute

The Hamilton Kerr Institute is a branch of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridgeshire, England, dedicated to the study and conservation of easel paintings. It is also part of the University of Cambridge.

## Facilities and logistics

The institute was founded in 1976 through grants from the Baring Foundation, the Esmée Fairbairn Trust, the Gulbenkian Foundation, the Isaac Wolfson Foundation, the Monument Trust, and the Pilgrim Trust, and continues to finance itself through income from its work and its endowment fund. It is housed in a riverside property, donated by Hamilton Kerr, seven miles south of Cambridge in the village of Whittlesford. The premises consist of a mid-eighteenth century house and converted mill buildings, containing offices and a scientific laboratory, restoration studios, studios for panel treatment and the relining of canvases, and studios for photography. In 1980, the institute opened a studio in London.

## Notable restoration accomplishments

* The Westminster Retable: 1998–2004. The Westminster Retable of ca. 1270 was the main altarpiece for Westminster Abbey during pre-Reformation England. When it was rediscovered in the 18th century, several poorly executed restoration attempts damaged the retable. In 1998, the institute acquired this work, and began work on repairing and restoring it.
* The Thornham Parva Retable. This 15-ft long medieval altarpiece was restored after an eight-year plan. Estimated to be worth millions, the altarpiece is thought to have been created in the 1330s for a Dominican Priory in Norfolk. It now stands in a protective glass case in St Mary's Church, Thornham Parva.

## List of major donors

The following have made donations:
* Council for the Care of Churches
* J. Paul Getty Trust
* Idlewild Trust
* Samuel H. Kress Foundation
* Paul Mellon Centre
* Queen Elizabeth Scholarship Trust
* Rayne Foundation
* Woodmansterne Publications Ltd
* Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers
* National Association of Decorative and Fine Arts Societies
# Aloke Jaldata

Aloke Jaldata (born 1967) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Raidighi Assembly constituency in South 24 Parganas district. He won the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the All India Trinamool Congress party.

## Early life and education

Jaldata is from Raidighi, South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Kalipada Jaldata. He completed his MBBS at University of Calcutta and passed the examinations by West Bengal Medical Council in 1999. His wife is also a doctor and works as a government medical practitioner at BR Singh Hospital under Eastern Railway.

## Career

Jaldata won from Raidighi Assembly constituency representing the All India Trinamool Congress in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 115,707 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Santanu Bapuli of the Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 35,568 votes.
# Ulychne

Ulychne (Ukrainian: Уличне) is a village in the Truskavets urban hromada of the Drohobych Raion of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine.

## History

On 19 July 2020, as a result of the administrative-territorial reform and liquidation of the Drohobych Raion, the village became part of the Drohobych Raion.

## Religion

* Saint Paraskeva church [uk] (1910, architect Vasyl Nahirnyi)
* Church of the Intercession

## Notable residents

* Ihor Bilan (born 1973), Ukrainian professional football coach and a former player
* Myroslav Stelmakhovych [uk] (1934–1998), Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Full Member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine
* Yurii Stetsyk [uk] (born 1977), Ukrainian historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
# R. K. Mittal

R. K. Mittal is Vice-Chancellor of Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani and has worked as Director-Development in Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi. He is former Vice-Chancellor of Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, At present appointed as Vice Chancellor of BBAU Lucknow.
# History of the Jews in Quebec

History of the Jews in Quebec is an English translation of the 2017 book Histoire des Juifs du Québec, written by Canadian author and historian Pierre Anctil, and translated by Canadian academic Judith Weisz Woodsworth. It was published in September 2021 by University of Ottawa Press and is the winner of the 2022 Governor General's Literary Award for French to English translation.

## Synopsis

In the three decades it took to write History of the Jews in Quebec, Anctil sums up Quebec Jewish history as a succession of migrations from Europe that carried with them the experience of an often painful minority. In the four centuries covered, the Jews of Quebec have shown a sense of belonging. The rights they systematically reclaimed and their sustained contributions have helped foster diversity in Quebec. With migration from different regions of the world, this continues today, making Judaism found in Quebec, and in particular in Montreal, unique from that found in other communities throughout North America.

## Awards

History of the Jews in Quebec won the Governor General’s Literary Award for French to English translation at the 2022 Governor General's Awards. The book was selected by a three-person peer assessment committee, and the award was granted by the Canada Council for the Arts, which is normally presented by the Governor General of Canada at a ceremony held at Rideau Hall. Histoire des Juifs du Québec won the 2018 J.I. Segal Award for best book in English or French.

## Reception

The book was generally well received. In the Canadian Jewish News, Elias Levy writes, "Historian Pierre Anctil has just published a masterful, comprehensive, and fascinating book, History of the Jews in Quebec, in which he recounts four centuries of Jewish life in Quebec." Additionally Levy describes it as, "A work that will go down in the annals of Jewish history in Canada." Ira Robinson included in Project MUSE, "Anctil's Histoire des Juifs du Québec presents the reader with its own unique perspective on the significance of the Jewish presence in Quebec and, in particular, the often fraught historical relationship between Jews and French Canadians."
# Walana

Walana (Urdu: ولانہ) is a village in the Tehsil Kalar Kahar District Chakwal Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°53'0N 72°37'0E with an altitude of 511 metres (1679 feet), Total Population is 2182 according to latest census 2023. It borders with Bhatti Gujar & Pippli in east, Bharpur in south west, Hattar in south and Dharabi village in north west, it has famous places like Walana Dam and Darbar Baba Sheikh Dawood.