# Chambers County, Texas

Chambers County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 46,571. The county seat is Anahuac. Chambers County is one of the nine counties that comprise Greater Houston, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area.

## History

Mission Nuestra Señora de la Luz, a Spanish mission in Texas, was established in 1756 near what is now Wallisville.
Chambers County was founded in 1858. It is named for Thomas Jefferson Chambers, a major general in the Texas Revolution.
In 2019, Atlas Air Flight 3591, a cargo flight operating for Amazon Air, crashed in the Trinity Bay, in Chambers County and near Anahuac, while flying from Miami to Houston. All three people on board were killed.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 871 square miles (2,260 km$^2$), of which 597 square miles (1,550 km$^2$) are land and 274 square miles (710 km$^2$) (31%) are covered by water.
The south and southwestern parts of the county lie in the Galveston Bay Area on the shores of Trinity Bay and East Bay. A small portion of the southeastern area lies on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

### Adjacent counties

* Liberty County (north)
* Jefferson County (east)
* Galveston County (southwest)
* Harris County (west)

### National protected areas

* Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge (formerly Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge)
* Moody National Wildlife Refuge

### State and local protected areas

* Candy Cain Abshier Wildlife Management Area
* Turtle Bayou Nature Preserve

## Communities
### Cities

* Anahuac (county seat)
* Baytown (mostly in Harris County)
* Beach City
* Cove
* Mont Belvieu (small part in Liberty County)
* Old River-Winfree (small part in Liberty County)

### Census-designated places

* Oak Island
* Stowell
* Winnie

### Unincorporated communities

* Double Bayou
* Hankamer
* Monroe City
* Seabreeze
* Smith Point
* Turtle Bayou
* Wallisville

## Demographics

Chambers County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 20,210 | 24,767 | 29,858 | 77.64% | 70.57% | 64.11% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 2,525 | 2,817 | 3,148 | 9.70% | 8.03% | 6.76% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 84 | 134 | 161 | 0.32% | 0.38% | 0.35% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 172 | 326 | 622 | 0.66% | 0.93% | 1.34% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.04% | 0.00% |
| Other Race alone (NH) | 25 | 25 | 215 | 0.10% | 0.07% | 0.46% |
| Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH) | 205 | 379 | 1,615 | 0.79% | 1.08% | 3.47% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2,810 | 6,635 | 10,952 | 10.79% | 18.91% | 23.52% |
| Total | 26,031 | 35,096 | 46,571 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census of 2000, 26,031 people, 9,139 households, and 7,219 families were residing in the county. The population density was 43 people/sq mi (17 people/km$^2$). The 10,336 housing units averaged 17 units per square mile (6.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 81.88% White, 9.77% African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 6.02% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. About 10.79% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.
Of the 9,139 households, 40.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.70% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.00% were not families. About 17.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82, and the average family size was 3.20.
In the county, the age distribution was 28.90% under 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 29.90% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 9.00% who were 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $47,964, and for a family was $52,986. Males had a median income of $43,351 versus $25,478 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,863. About 8.30% of families and 11.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.30% of those under age 18 and 12.60% of those age 65 or over.

## Government

Chambers County is governed by a five-member commissioners' court, consisting of the county judge and four county commissioners. The county judge is elected to four-year terms in a countywide election. Commissioners are elected to four-year terms from single-member districts.

### Chambers County Commissioners' Court

| Office | Name | Political party | First elected | Area(s) represented |
| County Judge | Jimmy Sylvia | Republican | 1996 | Countywide |
| Commissioner, Precinct 1 | Jimmy E. Gore | Republican | 2016 | Anahuac, Double Bayou, Hankamer, Oak Island, Seabreeze, Smith Point, Stowell, Wallisville, Winnie |
| Commissioner, Precinct 2 | Mark Tice | Republican | 2018 | Beach City, Cove, Turtle Bayou, Wallisville |
| Commissioner, Precinct 3 | Tommy Hammond | Republican | 2006 | Mont Belvieu, Old River-Winfree |
| Commissioner, Precinct 4 | Ryan Dagley | Republican | 2018 | Baytown, Beach City |

### Elected Officials

| Office | Name | Political party |
| County Attorney | Ashley Cain Land | Republican |
| County Clerk | Heather H. Hawthorne | Republican |
| County Court Judge | Cindy S. Price | Republican |
| District Attorney | Cheryl Swope Lieck | Republican |
| District Clerk | Patti Henry | Republican |
| Sheriff | Brian Hawthorne | Republican |
| Tax Assessor-Collector | Laurie G. Payton | Republican |
| Treasurer | Nicole Whittington | Republican |
| County Surveyor | Michael W. Chandler | |

#### Constables

| Office | Name | Political party | Area(s) represented |
| Constable, Precinct 1 | Dennis Dugat | Republican | Stowell, Winnie |
| Constable, Precinct 2 | John Mulryan | Republican | Anahuac, Turtle Bayou, Wallisville |
| Constable, Precinct 3 | Donnie Standley | Republican | Double Bayou, Oak Island, Smith Point |
| Constable, Precinct 4 | Ben L. "Butch" Bean | Republican | Mont Belvieu, Old River-Winfree |
| Constable, Precinct 5 | Bradley W. Moon | Republican | Hankamer, Wallisville |
| Constable, Precinct 6 | Kirk W. Ritch | Republican | Baytown, Beach City, Cove |

### United States Congress

| Senators | Senators | Name | Political party | First elected | Level |
| | Senate Class 2 | John Cornyn | Republican | 2002 | Senior Senator |
| | Senate Class 1 | Ted Cruz | Republican | 2012 | Junior Senator |
| Representatives | Representatives | Name | Political Party | First Elected | Area(s) Represented |
| | Texas's 14th District | Randy Weber | Republican | 2012 | A small, unpopulated portion of the county that extends to the Gulf of Mexico, across the Intracoastal Waterway. |
| | Texas's 36th District | Brian Babin | Republican | 2014 | All populated areas of the county |

### Texas Legislature
#### Texas Senate

| District | District | Senator | Political party | First elected | Area(s) represented |
| | 4 | Brandon Creighton | Republican | 2014 | Countywide, district also covers portions of Galveston, Harris, Jefferson, and Montgomery Counties |

#### Texas House of Representatives

| District | District | Representative | Political party | First elected | Area(s) represented |
| | 23 | Terri Leo-Wilson | Republican | 2022 | Chambers County, Galveston County (part) |

### State Board of Education

| District | District | Member | Political party | First elected | Area(s) represented |
| | 7 | Julie Pickren | Republican | 2022 | Countywide, district also covers all of Brazoria, Galveston, Hardin, Jasper, Jefferson, Liberty, Newton, Orange, and Tyler Counties and most of Fort Bend County |

### Courts
#### Justices of the Peace

| Office | Name | Political party |
| Justice of the Peace, Precinct 1 | Celia Devillier | Republican |
| Justice of the Peace, Precinct 2 | Michael W. Wheat | Republican |
| Justice of the Peace, Precinct 4 | Blake D. Sylvia | Republican |
| Justice of the Peace, Precinct 5 | David Hatfield | Republican |
| Justice of the Peace, Precinct 6 | Larry Ray Cryer | Republican |

#### District Courts

| Office | Office | Name | Political party | Area(s) represented |
| | 253rd District Court | Chap B. Cain, III | Republican | Countywide, district also covers Liberty County |
| | 344th District Court | Randy McDonald | Republican | Countywide |

#### 1st Court of Appeals

| | Name | Political party | First elected |
| Chief Justice | Sherry Radack | Republican | 2004, appointed in 2002 |
| Place 2 | Gordon Goodman | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 3 | Veronica Rivas-Molloy | Democrat | 2020 |
| Place 4 | April Farris | Republican | 2020 (appointed) |
| Place 5 | Amparo Guerra | Democrat | 2020 |
| Place 6 | Sarah Beth Landau | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 7 | Julie Countiss | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 8 | Richard Hightower | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 9 | Peter Kelly | Democrat | 2018 |

#### 14th Court of Appeals

| | Name | Political party | First elected |
| Chief Justice | Tracy E. Christopher | Republican | 2020 |
| Place 2 | Kevin Jewell | Republican | 2016 |
| Place 3 | Jerry Zimmerer | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 4 | Charles A. Spain | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 5 | Frances Bourliot | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 6 | Meagan Hassan | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 7 | Ken Wise | Republican | 2014, Appointed in 2013 |
| Place 8 | Margaret "Meg" Poissant | Democrat | 2018 |
| Place 9 | Randy Wilson | Republican | 2020 (appointed) |

## Politics

As with much of the Southern United States, Democrats won locally up into the 21st century, with many local politicians switching party allegiances in the mid-2000s. As of 2020 all elected county offices are represented by Republicans with the retirement of the Precinct 5 Constable Cecil. R. "Popeye" Oldham, a Democrat, who was last elected in 2016.
United States presidential election results for Chambers County, Texas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 20,567 | 82.36% | 4,192 | 16.79% | 214 | 0.86% |
| 2020 | 17,353 | 80.15% | 3,997 | 18.46% | 302 | 1.39% |
| 2016 | 13,339 | 79.23% | 2,948 | 17.51% | 549 | 3.26% |
| 2012 | 11,787 | 79.99% | 2,790 | 18.93% | 158 | 1.07% |
| 2008 | 9,988 | 75.14% | 3,188 | 23.98% | 116 | 0.87% |
| 2004 | 8,618 | 73.98% | 2,953 | 25.35% | 78 | 0.67% |
| 2000 | 6,769 | 69.03% | 2,888 | 29.45% | 149 | 1.52% |
| 1996 | 4,101 | 52.37% | 2,876 | 36.73% | 854 | 10.91% |
| 1992 | 3,398 | 40.62% | 2,832 | 33.85% | 2,136 | 25.53% |
| 1988 | 3,694 | 54.48% | 3,035 | 44.76% | 52 | 0.77% |
| 1984 | 4,322 | 61.84% | 2,632 | 37.66% | 35 | 0.50% |
| 1980 | 3,140 | 54.08% | 2,517 | 43.35% | 149 | 2.57% |
| 1976 | 1,835 | 37.82% | 2,927 | 60.33% | 90 | 1.85% |
| 1972 | 2,390 | 66.35% | 1,206 | 33.48% | 6 | 0.17% |
| 1968 | 1,061 | 29.42% | 1,217 | 33.74% | 1,329 | 36.85% |
| 1964 | 1,023 | 34.61% | 1,921 | 64.99% | 12 | 0.41% |
| 1960 | 1,260 | 44.74% | 1,524 | 54.12% | 32 | 1.14% |
| 1956 | 1,520 | 63.52% | 860 | 35.94% | 13 | 0.54% |
| 1952 | 1,497 | 57.20% | 1,116 | 42.64% | 4 | 0.15% |
| 1948 | 302 | 21.70% | 787 | 56.54% | 303 | 21.77% |
| 1944 | 179 | 13.47% | 1,038 | 78.10% | 112 | 8.43% |
| 1940 | 219 | 14.60% | 1,279 | 85.27% | 2 | 0.13% |
| 1936 | 134 | 11.95% | 984 | 87.78% | 3 | 0.27% |
| 1932 | 91 | 9.69% | 843 | 89.78% | 5 | 0.53% |
| 1928 | 256 | 51.41% | 242 | 48.59% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 239 | 42.30% | 315 | 55.75% | 11 | 1.95% |
| 1920 | 278 | 49.38% | 240 | 42.63% | 45 | 7.99% |
| 1916 | 101 | 26.17% | 239 | 61.92% | 46 | 11.92% |
| 1912 | 4 | 1.59% | 217 | 86.45% | 30 | 11.95% |

## Education
### Public School Districts

Local Primary and Secondary School Jurisdictions. Each are governed by their own respective school board.
* Goose Creek CISD
* Barbers Hill ISD
* Anahuac ISD
* East Chambers ISD
* La Porte ISD (parts of uninhabited Galveston Bay)

### Higher Education

Community Colleges
* Lee College (Anahuac, Barbers Hill, East Chambers, and Goose Creek ISDs: in other words, for all land areas of Chambers County)
* San Jacinto College (La Porte ISD, which here means parts of uninhabited Galveston Bay)

### Public libraries

The Chambers County Library System operates three libraries in the county.
* Chambers County Library (main branch) in Anahuac
* Juanita Hargraves Memorial Branch in Winnie
* Sam and Carmena Goss Memorial Branch in Mont Belvieu

## Transportation
### Major highways

* Interstate 10
* State Highway 61
* State Highway 65
* State Highway 73
* State Highway 99 (Grand Parkway)
* State Highway 124
* State Highway 146

### Airports

The county operates two airports in unincorporated areas:
* Chambers County Airport is east of Anahuac.
** It was developed in the 1940s, and the county collaborated with the federal government to have it built. In August 1947, the federal government was to pay $23,322.
* Chambers County-Winnie Stowell Airport serves Stowell and Winnie.
In addition, RWJ Airpark, a privately owned airport for public use, is located in Beach City.
In the 1970s there had been a proposal to establish another airport in the county, but the Baytown city council objected to the proposal, arguing it was too close to another airport under private ownership.
The Houston Airport System stated that Chambers County is within the primary service area of George Bush Intercontinental Airport, an international airport in Houston in Harris County.