OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Canadian Computing Competition

The Canadian Computing Competition (CCC) is an annual programming competition for secondary school students in Canada, organized by the Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing at the University of Waterloo.
There are two levels of problems presented, Junior and Senior, based on programming skill level. Participants are allowed to use C, C++, Python 2, Python 3, or Java programming languages, which are permitted at the International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI). CCC questions are designed to test a student's ability to design and code algorithms rather than their knowledge of APIs or language-specific features.
Approximately 20 of the top students in the Senior division of the CCC from Canada are invited to compete at the Canadian Computing Olympiad (CCO), hosted at the University of Waterloo each spring. This event is then used to select participants for the Canadian team at the IOI, as well as the European Girls’ Olympiad in Informatics (EGOI).
The questions in the CCC are algorithmic in nature, designed to test a student's ability to design and code algorithms rather than their knowledge of APIs or language-specific features. Stage 2 is more difficult than Stage 1, but still easier than the IOI. The problems generally have memory or time constraints, forcing the programmer to find efficient solutions to earn full marks.
The contests are also open to students from outside Canada, although they are ineligible to participate on the Canadian IOI team.

## Contest Stages
### Canadian Computing Olympiad (CCO)

The CCO is two days long, with four hours to do three questions each day. There are six questions, each weighted 25 points. Contestants' combined stage 1 and CCO scores are used to determine final scores for the Canadian Computing Competition. Bronze, silver, and gold medals are awarded, with each competitor receiving a medal; winners of gold medals are invited to represent the Canadian team at the IOI.
# Chronicle of Dalimil

The Chronicle of Dalimil (Czech: Dalimilova kronika; Kronika tak řečeného Dalimila) is the first chronicle written in the Old Czech language.
It was composed in verse by an unknown author at the beginning of the 14th century. The Chronicle compiles information from older Czech chronicles written in Latin (like Chronica Boemorum), and also the author's own experiences. The chronicle finishes before 1314, but it is usually published including the entries of later authors describing events up to 1319.
There exist 14 manuscripts and fragments, with two different redactions. The Dalimil was translated three times into Middle High German (including the recently identified translation by Merbort), and once into Latin.

## Content

The author edited, extended and reinterpreted the content from other chronicles, but also omitting parts of Chronica Boemorum. This is evident already in the beginning, replacing the Chronica Boemorum description of the desolated land of Germania to which came a chieftain called Bohemus, with a narrative about the Tower of Babel, migration of people of different language, choosing a land (with language, people and land having interchangeable meaning).
Then says how "Among others the Serbians settled at the sea where the Greeks live. They proliferated till Rome. In the Serbian language a land is located which bears the name Charváti/Charvaty" (Croats, Croatians as/of people). The land in the literature is often translated as Croatia, but Pavlína Rychterová emphasized that the word Charváti/Charvaty is plural of Charvat (Croat/Croatian, not medieval Czech Charvacie for Croatia). One man in that land "committed a murder and thus lost his right to his land", and with a similar story to that of Moses, came back from a mountain and decided to settle with his people the lands below it. In the next chapters are mentioned Krok and his daughters Kazi, Teta and Libuše, then Přemysl the Ploughman, and so on.

## Assessment

The validity of the events are nowadays rejected by some western historians as purely mythological folklore, an archetypal origin myth. The events in the chronicle seem to simply reinterpret the myth of Lech, Czech, and Rus that is repeated in various forms in many other historical records and national chronicles, like Primary Chronicle. In its identification narrative was, according to Jan Lehár, "an 'unproductive' type of historiographical work". It was written at the time when new dynasty, the House of Luxembourg, took over Bohemia which possibly caused a need for new understanding of the past and present collective identity as well as consolation among locals.
# 42 Lomasney Way

42 Lomasney Way is a tenement brownstone located in Boston's West End. Built in the 1870s, the building has been called The Last Tenement, as it is the only building that was not demolished during the West End's redevelopment phase or subsequent construction periods.

## History

Located on nine hundred square feet of land to the west of TD Garden, the building was constructed in the 1870s at 42 Lowell Street. During the 1880 Census, four families were recorded as living there, which added up to twenty residents. When originally built, the building was constructed alongside thirty similar brownstones, none of which survive to this day. Over the years, the building was recorded as having upwards of fifty residents, including immigrants from Ireland, China, and Russia. In 1892, the building survived a stove flare up on the second floor, and survived a fire on the first floor in 1905. In 1911, the Causeway Street Elevated was constructed right in front of the building.
During the 1950s, the West End was considered blighted, and proposals were drawn up to redevelop the neighborhood. Already, multiple buildings along the row had been demolished, either to put in a road or a parking lot. Multiple stories exist as to why the building was not demolished, including strings being pulled with city officials, or protests by residents of the building.
Following the redevelopment of the West End, the building was occupied for some time by an associate of the Angiulo Brothers, which was a leading gang in the North End until the Winter Hill Gang decided to run rackets in the area. Since then, the building has been purchased and redeveloped by a private owner. The City of Boston estimates the property's value at roughly $1.6 million as of 2021.
# Zwicky Transient Facility

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF, obs. code: I41) is a wide-field sky astronomical survey using a new camera attached to the Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California, United States. Commissioned in 2018, it supersedes the (Intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory (2009–2017) that used the same observatory code. It is named after the Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky.

## Description

Observing in visible and infrared wavelengths, the Zwicky Transient Facility is designed to detect transient objects that rapidly change in brightness, for example supernovae, gamma ray bursts, and collision between two neutron stars, and moving objects like comets and asteroids.
The new camera is made of 16 CCDs of 6144×6160 pixels each, enabling each exposure to cover an area of 47 square degrees. The Zwicky Transient Facility is designed to image the entire northern sky in three nights and scan the plane of the Milky Way twice each night to a limiting magnitude of 20.5 (r band, 5σ).
The amount of data produced by ZTF is expected to be ten times larger than its predecessor, the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory. ZTF's large data will allow it to act as a prototype for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (formerly Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) that is expected to be in full operation in 2024 and will accumulate ten times more data than ZTF.
First light was recorded of an area in the constellation Orion on November 1, 2017.
The first confirmed findings from the ZTF project were reported on 7 February 2018, with the discovery of 2018 CL, a small near-Earth asteroid.

## Discoveries

* On 9 May 2019, ZTF discovered its first comet, C/2019 J2 (Palomar), a long-period comet.
* A search of the ZTF archive identified images of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov as early as December 13, 2018, extending observations back eight months.
* 594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim, the first asteroid discovered whose orbit is entirely within the orbit of Venus, was discovered by ZTF during its Twilight Survey.
* A search of ZTF's images identified cataclysmic variable star ZTF J1813+4251, a binary with a period of under 1 hour.
* AT2021lwx, a long-lasting high-energy transient with a redshift of 0.9945, was discovered on 13 April 2021.
* A very bright tidal disruption event called AT2022cmc with a redshift of 1.19325, among the brightest astronomical events ever observed.
* Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF), which reached naked eye visibility in early 2023.
# Kishore Kumar Mohanty

Kishore Kumar Mohanty was an Indian politician who served as Member of Rajya Sabha from Odisha, Speaker and Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly from Jharsuguda Assembly constituency and Brajarajnagar Assembly constituency and Chairman of Western Odisha Development Council.

## Personal life

He was born on 4 December 1958 in a Karan family. On 30 December 2021, he died at the age of 63 due to a massive cardiac arrest while attending a meeting in Janta Dal United Office, Jharsuguda, after that he was rushed to a private hospital where he died. His wife Alka Mohanty succeeded him as Member of the Legislative Assembly. In 2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, he defeated Radharani Panda, former MLA by 80,152 votes with rate of 49% and margin of 11,634.

## Honors

* In his death, Naveen Patnaik, Chief Minister of Odisha said "He was an efficient and popular leader of the party"
* In July 2022, obituaries were also paid to him in the Parliament of India
# Carlos Hevia

Carlos Aurelio Hevia y de los Reyes-Gavilan (March 21, 1900 – April 2, 1964) was the interim President of Cuba, serving for less than three days. During the third week of 1934, Hevia was President from 5:00 p.m. on Monday, January 15, until 1:20 a.m. on Thursday, January 18. Cuban junta leader Fulgencio Batista had obtained the resignation of Hevia's predecessor, Ramón Grau. The choice of Hevia was unpopular with the military, and by Wednesday, the new President was asked to resign. He was replaced by Manuel Márquez Sterling.

## Presidency of Cuba

Hevia was the Agricultural Minister when rioting broke out in Havana protest against the President Grau. The junta requested Grau's resignation and named Hevia as the new president. Hevia initially declined, after hearing the reaction of the mob. After 100 troops arrived from Camp Columbia to guard the presidential palace, Hevia accepted the post at 5:00 Monday afternoon. Hevia met with Batista's rival, union leader Carlos Mendieta, in the early hours of Tuesday morning. Hoping to receive Menideta's endorsement, Hevia came away instead with little more than Mendieta's pledge of neutrality. Hevia was administered the oath of office on Tuesday by his father-in-law, Dr. Juan Federico Edelmann, who was also the president (chief justice) of the Cuban Supreme Court and a 21 gun salute was given from the cannons of the Cabanas Fortress following the inauguration. Meanwhile, labor organizations made plans for a nationwide strike. Wednesday, Hevia was unable to forestall the Nationalist Union's plans for a walkout, and decided that evening to resign. About 40 hours after he had been formally inaugurated, Hevia resigned early Thursday morning in favor of Mendieta. He left the presidential palace at 2:15 a.m., saying "I am going back to my cane fields to cut cane,"
Hevia had been the first Cuban national to graduate from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, as a member of the Class of 1920.
Hevia later broke with Batista and became an important politician in the Autentico party. He served as foreign minister of Cuba from 1948 to 1950, in the administration of Carlos Prio. Hevia was chosen to be the Autentico presidential candidate for the 1952 elections. However, the elections, in which Hevia's main opponents were Roberto Agramonte and Fulgencio Batista, were canceled when Batista took power in a military coup.
Hevia went into exile in the United States and during the early 1960s was part of groups opposed to Fidel Castro who overthrew Batista in 1959.

## Family

He was the oldest of six children born to Aurelio Hevia y Alcalde, an attorney, and Sara de los Reyes-Gavilán y de la Guardia. He was married to Elisa Edelmann y Ponce and they had two children, Aurelio Carlos and Margarita Hevia-Edelmann. Hevia, who operated a "private naval academy" in Miami, died of a heart attack on April 2, 1964
# Advanced Math and Science Academy Charter School

Advanced Math and Science Academy Charter School (AMSA) is a charter school founded in 2005. It is located at 201 Forest Street in Marlborough, Massachusetts, U.S., in a few remodeled office buildings.

## History

On February 30, 2004, the Massachusetts Department of Education granted the Advanced Math and Science Academy Charter School a five-year charter. Throughout the entire process, there had been a lot of controversy surrounding the school and founder Julia Sigalovsky. Opponents of the school managed to delay the opening of the school by a year by filing numerous lawsuits against the school. The school had to convince lawyers to wait until the school's funding to recoup over $30,000 in legal fees.
The school finally opened on September 6, 2005, in time for the first day of school. The original class consisted of 250 sixth and seventh graders. In each successive year, one additional class of middle schoolers were added to the school. Following the 2010 school year, the school's charter was renewed for another five years.
In 2014, teachers at the school unionized, organizing with the Teamsters Local 170, in response to reported poor treatment under then Executive Director John Brucato.
In 2019, AMSA became the first public institution in the state of Massachusetts to own a scanning electron microscope thanks to a donation from Thermo Fisher Scientific.

## Legal challenges

A lawsuit filed by three local school districts (Maynard, Hudson, and Marlborough) charged that the Massachusetts Department of Education failed to observe its own rules in granting the charter. The municipalities lost their case when the Supreme Judicial Court ruled that municipalities have no right to judicial review of the chartering process. The MetroWest Daily News reported that local school districts have no role in the granting of a charter, that the State Board of Education has "the final decision" on granting charters.
AMSA also faced many challenges with its landlord and withheld rent for many years as the buildings were not up to standard. This dispute ended in court with the landlord giving the school a large sum of money.

## Notable People
### Faculty

* Barbara E. McGann, former executive director and one of the first women to achieve two-star rank in the United States Navy
# Chapple Norton

General John Chapple Norton (2 April 1746 – 19 March 1818) was a British Army officer who served in the American Revolutionary War and who later became a Member of Parliament for Guildford.

## Early life

John Chapple Norton was born on 2 April 1746 to Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley and Grace Chapple.

## Military career

He joined the British army, becoming a captain in the 19th Foot in 1763. After serving with the regiment in Gibraltar he transferred to the Royal Regiment of Foot in 1769, before being appointed a lieutenant-colonel in the 2nd Foot Guards. He served with the Foot Guards in North America during the War of Independence and was involved in several of the actions there, including leading the attack on Young's House.
In 1795 he was rewarded with the colonelcy of the 81st Regiment of Foot and in 1797, he was promoted lieutenant-general and transferred to the colonelcy of the 56th Foot. In 1802 he was made general and soon afterwards Governor of Charlemont, the Irish fort.

## Political career

He represented Guildford, Surrey as their Member of Parliament from 1784 to 1790, from 1796 to 1806 and from 1807 to 1812.

## Later life and death

He died unmarried at the family seat of Wonersh Park in Surrey in 1818.
# Harding and Miller Music Company

Harding and Miller Music Company is a historic commercial building located in downtown Evansville, Indiana. It was built in 1891, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, style brick building with limestone detailing. It features a decorative parapet.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# 1980 Irpinia earthquake

The 1980 Irpinia earthquake (Italian: Terremoto dell'Irpinia) took place in Italy on 23 November 1980, with a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It left at least 2,483 people dead, at least 7,700 injured, and 250,000 homeless.

## Earthquake

The earthquake struck at 18:34 UTC (19:34 local), centered on the village of Castelnuovo di Conza, Campania, Southern Italy. The first jolt was followed by 90 aftershocks. There were three main shocks, each with epicenters in a different place, within 80 seconds. The largest shock registered a peak acceleration of 0.38 g, with 10 seconds of motion greater than 0.1 g. The three main shocks combined produced 70 seconds of shaking greater than 0.01 g. Thus the shaking was severe and lasted a long time.
The focal mechanism corresponded to normal and significant left-lateral strike-slip movement. The rupture dimensions was estimated to be 14 km × 40 km (8.7 mi × 24.9 mi) based on the aftershock distribution. The study of near-field strong motion and leveling records revealed a complex rupture process comprising three subevents. Overall, the rupture on complex fault systems propagated bilaterally along a mostly northwest–southeast trend.

## Impact

Towns in the province of Avellino were hit the hardest. In Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, 300 were killed, including 27 children in an orphanage, and 80 percent of the town was destroyed and many historical buildings were left in ruins as the town never fully recovered as of 2021. One hundred were killed in Balvano when a medieval church collapsed during Sunday services. The towns of Lioni, Conza della Campania (near the epicenter), and Teora were destroyed, and dozens of structures in Naples were levelled, including a 10-story apartment building. Damage was spread over more than 26,000 km$^2$ (10,000 sq mi), including Naples and Salerno.

## Rebuilding

The Italian government spent 59 trillion lire (equivalent to €151 billion in 2020) on reconstruction, while other nations sent contributions. West Germany contributed 32 million United States dollars (USD) and the United States US$70 million.
However, in the early 1990s a major corruption scandal emerged. Of the billions of lire that were earmarked for aid to the victims and rebuilding, the largest part disappeared from the earthquake reconstruction funds in the 1980s. Of the $40 billion spent on earthquake reconstruction, an estimated $20 billion went to create an entirely new social class of millionaires in the region, $6.4 billion went to the criminal Camorra, whereas another $4 billion went to politicians in bribes. Only the remaining $9.6 billion, a quarter of the total amount, was actually spent on people's needs.
The Camorra entered the construction industry after the quake.
# Shatara Michelle Ford

Shatara Michelle Ford is an American director, writer, and producer. Their feature film directorial debut Test Pattern (2019) received critical acclaim.

## Career

Ford gained prominence in 2019 for Test Pattern, their feature film directorial debut. The story follows Renesha and Evan, a young interracial couple seeking medical care after Renesha is sexually assaulted by a stranger. Ford also wrote and produced the film. Test Pattern debuted in August 2019 at the BlackStar Film Festival, where it received the Lionsgate/STARZ Producer Award. Additional accolades were awarded at the New Orleans Film Festival and the deadCENTER Film Festival.
Their forthcoming coming-of-age film, Queen Elizabeth, was named to the 2017 Black List. It is in development as of 2021.
In 2024, Ford directed, wrote, and produced Dreams in Nightmares following three friends roadtripping across the Midwestern United States in search of their friend who has disappeared off the grid.
They cited German Expressionism and Alfred Hitchcock as key influences.

## Personal life

Ford was raised in St. Louis, Missouri. Ford uses they/them pronouns. Ford has an MFA in screenwriting from Royal Holloway, University of London and a BA in political studies and sociology from Pitzer College.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
| 2019 | BlackStar Film Festival | Lionsgate/STARZ Producer Award | Test Pattern | Won |
| 2019 | New Orleans Film Festival | Best Narrative Feature | Test Pattern | Won |
| 2020 | DeadCENTER Film Festival | Special Jury Prize | Test Pattern | Won |
| 2021 | Gotham Awards | Best Feature | Test Pattern | Nominated |
| 2021 | Gotham Awards | Bingham Ray Breakthrough Director Award | Test Pattern | Nominated |
| 2021 | Los Angeles Film Critics Circle Awards | New Generation Prize | Test Pattern | Won (tied with Prayers for the Stolen) |
| 2021 | San Francisco Bay Area Film Critics Circle | Special Citation for Independent Cinema | Test Pattern | Won (tied with Kuessipan) |
| 2021 | Women Film Critics Circle Awards | Josephine Baker Award | Test Pattern | Nominated |
| 2022 | Austin Film Critics Association | Special Honorary Award | Test Pattern | Won |
| 2022 | Black Reel Awards | Outstanding Independent Film | Test Pattern | Nominated |
| 2022 | Independent Spirit Awards | Best First Feature | Test Pattern | Nominated |
| 2022 | Independent Spirit Awards | Best First Screenplay | Test Pattern | Nominated |
| 2022 | NAACP Image Awards | Outstanding Independent Motion Picture | Test Pattern | Nominated |
# North Carolina Polytechnic Academy

North Carolina Polytechnic Academy, founded as Hillsborough Military Academy and also known as North Carolina Military Academy, was a school in Hillsborough, North Carolina. Col. Charles C. Tew CSA founded Hillsborough Military Academy. He was later killed in action at Battle of Antietam in 1862 on the eve of his promotion to brigadier general. Architect John A. Kay designed the Hillsborough Military Academy barracks building and commandant's house. Edmund Strudwick was the doctor for the Hillsborough Military Academy in the 1860s and cared for soldiers wounded in the Civil War at his home nearby.
The commandant's house is a two-story, roughly square, castellated brick building in the Gothic Revival style. It is three bays wide and three bays deep and has rectangular turrets at each corner.
After the war the school was run by Colonel White and then General Raleigh E. Colston. The curriculum was revised in 1867 to include civil courses. The North Carolina state legislature changed the name to the North Carolina Military and Polytechnic Academy and established a program in which eight students could attend the school free of charge in return for two years of teaching in the state. This last reincarnation of the Military Academy was a failure and General Colston relocated to Wilmington, North Carolina in 1868.
In 1872 Paul C. Cameron purchased the Academy buildings and in 1874 convinced James H. Horner of the Horner School and Ralph H. Graves of the Graves School in Oxford, North Carolina to "remove to the Military Academy buildings". The new school also failed two years later due to the illness of Horner and the death of Graves.
The Cameron family sold the property to the Farmers’ Alliance in 1895 and it was sold to a developer in 1919. The barracks and outbuildings were dismantled and the bricks used the construction of other buildings. The headquarters building became part of the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and became a private residence known as the "Commandant’s House" while the academy's chapel remains in use as a parish of The United Episcopal Church of North America.