# List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

## Lists of rulers
### Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

* Vonones 12–16 (Former king of Parthia as Vonones I)
* Orodes 16–18 (Son of Artabanus III king of Parthia)
* Artaxias III 18–35 (From the house of Polemon)
* Arsaces I 35 (Son of Artabanus III king of Parthia)
* Orodes 35 (Again)
* Mithridates I 35–37 (Son of Mithridates (IV) king of Iberia)
* Orodes 37–42 (Again)
* Mithridates I 42–52 (Again)
* Rhadamistus 52–54 (Son of Pharasmanes (III) king of Iberia)
* Tiridates I 54–60 (Son of Vonones II king of Parthia & Medes)
* Tigranes VI 60–62 (From the house of Herod)
* Tiridates I 62–c. 75 (Again)
* Unknown king c. 75–89 (Probably Vologases II of Parthia)
* Sanatruces I 89–109 (Son of Vologases I of Parthia)
* Axidares (Ashkhadar) 110–113 (Son of Pacorus II king of Parthia)
* Parthamasiris (Partamasir) 113–114 (Son of Pacorus II king of Parthia)
** Roman occupation 114–115
* Mithridates II 114–116 (Brother of Sanatruces I & Osroes I king of Parthia)
* Sanatruces II 116 (Son of Mithridates II)
* Vologases I from 116 (Son of Sanatruces I)
* ?Achaemenes until 138/144
* Sohaemus 138/144–161 (Son of Achaemenes)
* Pacorus I 161–164 (Aurelius Pacorus)
* Sohaemus 164–178 (Again)
* Vologases II 178–197
* Unknown king 197-215
* Khosrov I 215–216 (Son of Vologases II)
** Roman occupation 216-217
* Tiridates II 217–222
* ?Khosrov (II) 222–238
* ?Tiridates (III) 238–253
** Sasanian occupation 253-279
* Hormozd-Ardashir 253-270 (Later king of Iran as Hormizd I son of Shapur I Sassanid)
* Narseh 270-293 (Later king of Iran as Narseh son of Shapur I Sassanid)
* Artavasdes VI c. 260
* Khosrov II 279–287
* Tiridates (IV) 287–298
* Tiridates III 298–330
* Pacorus II 330 (Usurper)
* Khosrov III 330–338
* Tigranes VII 338–351
* Arsaces II (Arshak II) 351–367
* Papas (Pap) 367–374
* Varasdates (Varazdat) 374–378
* Vologases III 378–386 (Co-ruler with Arsaces III (Arshak III))
* Arsaces III 378–389 (Co-ruler with Vologases III then Khosrov IV)
* Khosrov IV 386–392 (Co-ruler with Arsaces III & then alone)
* Vramshapuh 392–414
* Khosrov IV 414–416 (Again)
* Tigranes VIII 416 co-ruler with Arsaces IV
* Arsaces IV 416 co-ruler with Tigranes VIII
* Shapur 416–420 (Later king of Iran as Shapur IV son of Yazdegerd I Sassanid)
* Artaxias IV 422–428

### Arsacids of Media 144 BC – 232 AD

* Vologases (Bagasha) 144–122 BC
* Arsaces 122–111
* Artaxerxes 111–97
* Artabanus 97–88
* Mithridates 88–67
* Darius 67–65
* Mithridates 65–55
* Orodes 55–50
* Pacorus 50–38
* ?Tiridates c. 30–25
* ?Mithridates 12–9 BC
* ?Orodes c. 4–6 AD
* Artabanus 9–12 AD
* Vonones c. 45–51
* Pacorus 51–75 son of Vonones
* Arsaces c. 136 AD
* ?Pacorus to 163 AD
* Vologases to 208
* Artabanus 213–226
* Pacorus from 226 AD son of Artabanus

### Arsacid kings of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD

| Ruler | Year |
| Rev I | 189 to 216 |
| Vache | 216 to 234 |
| Bacurius I | 234 to 249 |
| Mithridates II | 249 to 265 |
| Amazaspus III | 260 to 265 |
| Aspacures I | 265 to 284 |

### Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c. 490 AD

* Vachagan I the Brave
* Vache I
* Urnayr
* Vachagan II
* Mirhavan
* Satoy
* Asay
* Aswagen
* Vache II
* Vachagan III the Pious

### Arsacids of Hyrcania c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

* Arsaces c. 165 BC son of Phraates I
* Himerus to 129 BC
* Otanes c. 70 BC
* Artabanus c. 9–40 AD
* Gotarzes 40–51 AD

### Indo-Parthians c. 20 –c. 240 AD
#### Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana)

* Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
* Gondophares II Gadana Orthagnes (c. 20 AD – 30 AD?), brother of Gondophares I
* Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD)
* Gondophares IV Gadana Obouzanes, son of Orthagnes
* Sanabares Great King, son of Ubouzanes
* Abdagases II King, son of Sanabares
* Pacores (late 1st century AD)
* ? Tiridates (No coins), son of Sanabares
* ? Atursasan (No coins), son of Tiridates
* Farn-Sasan, son of Atursasan

#### Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar)

* Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
* Sarpedones Basileontos (first years AD – c. 20 AD)
* Gondophares II Gadana Orthagnes Basileontos (c. 20 AD – 30 AD?)
* Abdagases I, nephew of Gondophares I (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)
* Sarpedones Great king of kings, Dikaios, Soter, Nikiphoros
* Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD)
* Sanabares Great King, Soter
* Abdagases II King
* Pacores (late 1st century AD)

#### Indo-Parthian rulers of Jammu

* Gondophares I (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
* Abdagases I (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)
* Sarpedones
* Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD)
* Gondophares IV Gadana Obouzanes
* Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD)

#### Indo-Parthian rulers of Indus shore (Balochistan)

* Sarpedones
* Satavastra
* Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD)

#### Indo-Parthian rulers of Gandhara

* Gondophares I (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
* Abdagases I Basileontos (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)
* Abdagases I Great king, king of kings (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)
* Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD)

#### Indo-Parthian rulers of Taxila

* Abdagases I (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)
* Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD)

#### Indo-Parthian rulers of North Arachosia (Bagram)

* Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator, Soter (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
* Abdagases I Great king, Soter (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)

### Kings of Merv & Abarshahr c. 10–c. 250 AD

* ? cont. with Phraates V
* ? cont. with Artabanus II
* ? cont. with Gotarzes II and Vardanes I
* D ... c. 50 AD
* Po ... cont. with Vologases I
* Sanabares c. 2nd half of the 1st century AD
* Pacores c. 100 AD
* ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
* ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
* Tiren cont. with Vologases IV
* ? cont. with Vologases IV
* Ardashir c. 200 AD
* ? 1st half of the 3rd century
* ? 1st half of the 3rd century
* ? c. 250 AD

### Kings of Persis c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

| Name | Name | Date | Family Relations | Note |
| 1 | Vahbarz I | beg. of 3rd century BC | ? | leader of a revolution against Seleucids (?) |
| 2 | Baykard | ? | Fratarakā dynasty | |
| 3 | Baydād (bgdt) | end of 3rd/ beg. of 2nd century BC | Fratarakā dynasty - son of Baykard | sub-Seleucid |
| 4 | Ardaxšīr I (rtḥštry) | 1st half of 2nd century | Fratarakā dynasty | sub-Seleucid |
| 5 | Vahbarz II (whwbrz - called Oborzos in Polyenus 7.40) | 1st half of 2nd century | Fratarakā dynasty | |
| 6 | Vādfradād I (wtprdt) | mid-3nd century BC | Fratarakā dynasty - son of Vahbarz | Vadfradad I and his successors were as sub-Parthian dynasts. |
| 7 | Vadfradad II | c. 140 | ? | |
| 8 | 'Unknown king I' (Syknlt?) | 2nd half of 2nd century | ? | |
| 9 | Darev I | end of 2nd century | ? | |
| 10 | Vadfradad III | 1st half of 1st century | ? | |
| 11 | Darev II | 1st century | son of Vadfradad III | |
| 12 | Ardashir II | 2nd half of 1st century | son of Darev II | killed by his brother Vahshir I |
| 13 | Vahshir I | 2nd half of 1st century | son of Darev II | |
| 14 | Pakor I | 1st half of 1st century AD | son of Vahshir I | |
| 15 | Pakor II | 1st half of 1st century | ? | |
| 16 | Nambed | mid-1st century | son of Ardashir II | |
| 17 | Napad | 2nd half of 1st century | son of Nambed | |
| 18 | 'Unknown king II' | end of 1st century | ? | |
| 19 | Vadfradad IV | 1st half of 2nd century | ? | |
| 20 | Manchihr I | 1st half of 2nd century | ? | |
| 21 | Ardashir III | 1st half of 2nd century | son of Manchihr I | |
| 22 | Manchihr II | mid-2nd century | son of Ardashir III | |
| 23 | Pakor III | 2nd half of 2nd century | ? | |
| 24 | Manchihr III | 2nd half of 2nd century | son of Manchihr II | |
| 25 | Ardashir IV | end of 2nd century | son of Manchihr III | |
| 26 | Vahshir II | c. 206-210 AD | ? | The last of Bazarangids. |
| 27 | Shapur | beg. of 3rd century | Brother of the first Sasanian, Ardashir I | |
| 28 | Ardashir V | beg. of 3rd century | First Sasanian ruler, under the name of Ardashir I | |

### Rulers of Hatra (2nd century BCE - 2nd century CE)

In inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned, while other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors.
They appear with two titles: the earlier rulers are called mry' (translation uncertain, perhaps administrator), the later ones mlk -king - see Kingdom of Hatra.
| Name | Name | Title | Date | Family Relations | Note |
| 1 | Worod | mry' | | | |
| 2 | Ma’nu | mry' | | | |
| 3 | Elkud | mry' | 155/156 AD | | |
| 4 | Nashrihab | mry' | 128/29 - 137/38 AD | | |
| 5 | Naṣru | mry' | 128/29 - 176/77 | | |
| 6 | Wolgash I | mry' and mlk - King | | | |
| 7 | Sanatruq I | mry' and mlk - King | 176/177 AD | | ruled together with Wolgash I |
| 8 | Wolgash (II?) | | | son of Wolgash (I) | |
| 9 | Abdsamiya | mlk - King | 192/93 - 201/202 AD | | Supported the Roman emperor Pescennius Niger |
| 10 | Sanatruq II | mlk - King | 207/08 - 229/230 AD | | |

### Kings of Elymais c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

* Kamnaskires I Soter (c. 147 BC?)
* Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c 145–c. 139 BC)
* Okkonapses (c. 139/138–c. 137 BC), rebel
* Tigraios (c. 137–c. 132 bc), rebel
* Darius Soter (c. 129 BC), rebel
* Pittit (125–124 BC), rebel
* Kamnaskires III (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Anzaze
* Anzaze (c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Kamnaskires III
* Kamnaskires IV (1st century BC)
* Kamnaskires V (1st century BC)
* Kamnaskires VI (1st century AD)
* Orodes I (1st century)
* Orodes II, also known as Kamnaskires-Orodes (1st/2nd century)
* Phraates (1st/2nd century)
* Osroes (2nd century)
* Orodes III (2nd century), co-ruler with Ulfan
* Ulfan (2nd century), co-ruler with Orodes III
* Abar-Basi (2nd century)
* Orodes IV (2nd/3rd century)
* Khwasak (3rd century)
* Orodes V (3rd century)

### Kings of Characene c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD

* Hyspaosines c. 127–122/121 BC
* Apodakos c. 110/109-104/103 BC
* Tiraios I 95/94-90/89 BC
* Tiraios II 79/78-49/48 BC
* Artabazos 49/48-48/47 BC
* Attambelos I 47/46-25/24 BC
* Theonesios I c. 19/18 BC
* Attambalos II c. 17/16 BC - AD 8/9
* Abinergaos I 10/11; 22/23
* Orabazes I c. 19
* Attambalos III c. 37/38-44/45
* Theonesios II c. 46/47
* Theonesios III c. 52/53
* Attambalos IV 54/55-64/65
* Attambalos V 64/65-73/74
* Orabazes II c. 73-80
* Pakoros (II) 80-101/02 king of Iran
* Attambalos VI c. 101/02-105/06
* Theonesios IV c. 110/11-112/113
* Attambalos VII 113/14-117
* Meredates c. 131-150/51 son of Pakoros (II) king of Iran
* Orabazes III c. 150/151-165
* Abinergaios II (?) c. 165-180
* Attambalos VIII c. 180-195 (?)
* Maga (?) c. 195-210
* Abinergaos III c. 210-222

### Kings of Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 AD

* Aryu (132–127 BC)
* Abdu bar Maz'ur (127–120 BC)
* Fradhasht bar Gebar'u (120–115 BC)
* Bakru I bar Fradhasht (115–112 BC)
* Bakru II bar Bakru (112–94 BC)
* Ma'nu I (94 BC)
* Abgar I Piqa (94–68 BC)
* Abgar II bar Abgar (68–52 BC)
* Ma'nu II (52–34 BC)
* Paqor (34–29 BC)
* Abgar III (29–26 BC)
* Abgar IV Sumaqa (26–23 BC)
* Ma'nu III Saphul (23–4 BC)
* Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (Abgarus of Edessa) (4 BC–7 AD)
* Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (7–13 AD)
* Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (13–50)
* Ma'nu V bar Abgar (50–57)
* Ma'nu VI bar Abgar (57–71)
* Abgar VI bar Ma'nu (71–91)
* Sanatruk (91–109)
* Abgar VII bar Ezad (109–116)
** Roman interregnum 116–118
* Yalur (118–122, co-ruler with Parthamaspates)
* Parthamaspates (118–123)
* Ma'nu VII bar Ezad (123–139)
* Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (139–163)
* Wa'il bar Sahru (163–165)
* Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (165–167)
* Abgar VIII (167–177)
* Abgar IX (the great) (177–212)
* Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu (212–214)
* Abgar (X) Severus Bar Abgar (IX) Rabo (214–216)
* Ma’nu (IX) Bar Abgar (X) Severus (216–242)
* Abgar (XI) Farhat Bar Ma’nu (IX) (242–244)

### Kings of Adiabene c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD

* Abdissares (c. 164 BC)
* Unknown king (c. 69 BC)
* Artaxares (cont. with Augustus)
* Izates I (c. 15 AD)
* Bazeus Monobazus I (20?–30?)
* Heleni (c. 30–58)
* Izates II bar Monobazus (c. 34–58)
** Vologases (Parthian occupation opposing Izates II) (c. 50)
* Monobazus II bar Monobazus (58 – middle of the 70s)
* Meharaspes (?–116)
** To the Roman Empire (116–117)
* Atwr ('tlw) (c. 150)
** To the Sassanid Empire
** Ardashir II (344–376)

### Kings of Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD

* Zarbienus; early mid-1st century BC until c. 69 BC. Killed by Tigranes II.
* Manisarus; ~ 115 AD: He took control over parts of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in the time of Trajan.
* Ardashir; ~ 340s AD: He was against the Christianization of Corduene.
* Jovinian ~ 359 AD