OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liang Baohua

Liang Baohua (simplified Chinese: 梁保华; traditional Chinese: 梁保華; pinyin: Liáng Bǎohuá; born November 1945) was the Party Secretary of Jiangsu and governor of Jiangsu.

## Biography

A native of Yichun, Jiangxi, Liang joined the Chinese Communist Party in November 1965.
Prior to 1968 he worked in the communes around Taicang. Since then his entire career has been in Jiangsu. He became the province's governor in December 2002, and succeeded Li Yuanchao as the Party Secretary of Jiangsu in 2007, becoming the first-in-charge of one of the most prominent areas of economic development in China. He retired from active politics in 2010 after having reached the retirement age of 65, and then sat on the National People's Congress Financial and Economic Affairs Committee as a deputy chair. He was also named head of the Organizing Committee of the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing. During his tenure as the top leader of Jiangsu Province, he piled all the province's policies and resources into Suzhou, fully supporting Suzhou's development while doing his utmost to suppress the development of other cities in the province.
# Anomia ephippium

Anomia ephippium is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Anomiidae.

## Distribution

A. ephippium is found primarily in sheltered conditions in the low intertidal and sublittoral zones. They are a benthic species that lives in depths from 25-200m.
They are distributed along coasts around the world. They are found on the South and West coasts of Britain, stretching North to Shetland and are also found on all coasts of Ireland. They are also found along the Atlantic Coasts of the United States ranging from Massachusetts to Florida. Specifically within the Massachusetts region, they have commonly been found in the Woods Hole region.

## Physiology

A. ephippium is commonly known as a jingle shell or saddle oyster. A. ephippium are described to have concave, semi-transparent shells of orange, yellow, and salmon-like colors. The sizes range from sizes from an inch to more across. Within the bivalve itself, a thin flat shell may be found within, located under the valve of the specimen. When living, they are commonly found attached to other shells or stones, and can also be found attached to oysters. The mechanism by which they are able to attach themselves to these surfaces is by a muscle which passes through a large hole, located in the under-valve region of the specimen.
A. ephippium has a 2–3 cm large thin, brittle, translucent shell structured by foliated calcite. While calcitic shells are typically white, the concentrations of polyenes A. ephippium's shells give them hues ranging from white to yellow to gray to orange.
* Right valve
* Left valve
var. radiata, left valve
* Yellow form
* Orange form
* Purple form

## Predation and Feeding

They are a filter-feeding epifaunal species that attach to hard substrates by the byssus. Anomia ephippium, along with its members of the family Anomiidae Rafinesque, attach by means of this byssus which passes through the inside of the upper left valve through a notch in its lower right valve.

## Reproduction and Life Stages

While information on A. ephippium's specific reproductive strategies is unavailable because they don't have a pennis , jingle shells reproduce through spawning. During the summer, gametes are released into the water column. Fertilization takes place in the mantle cavity.
Bivalvia are often gonochoric, meaning they have two distinct sexes, but some are protandric hermaphrodites meaning they can change genders throughout their growth. The life stage of Anomia ephippium begins at the embryonic stage post fertilization. The embryos then develop into trochophore larvae, which are described to be free-swimming. After the larval stage, Anomia ephippium develop into a bivalve veliger, which is of resemblance of a miniature clam.
# Northumberland County Courthouse

The Northumberland County Courthouse is an historic county courthouse located in Sunbury, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. Erected in 1865, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## History and features

Built in 1865 by Samuel Sloan (architect), the Norhumberland County Courthouse is a three-story, brick building that was designed in the Italianate style.
A three-story wing was added in 1911. It features three arched doors on the front facade, brownstone quoins at the corners, and a clock tower with a copper dome. The tower bell was donated by Simon Cameron.
In 1878, it was the site of the murder trial and conviction of the last Molly Maguire, Peter McManus.

## Gallery

* Northumberland County Courthouse, October 2009
# Balai Pemuda

Balai Pemuda or Alun-Alun Surabaya is a rich historical site in Surabaya. The site serves as a hub for cultural and artistic activities.

## History

Originally built in 1907, it was known as Simpangsche Societeit or Simpangsche Club a nightlife venue for European elites, especially Dutch citizens. The locals affectionately called it “Roemah Kamar Bola” due to the billiards game held there. Designed by Dutch architect Westmaes, this heritage building features a distinctive dome resembling a crown. Today, Balai Pemuda hosts art events, houses the Surabaya Public Library, and includes Alun-alun Surabaya—an outdoor area with a food court and exhibition space12.
During the colonial era, Simpangsche Societeit served as an exclusive club where parties, informal meetings, dances, and other elite entertainment took place. It symbolized Western culture’s influence and the dominance of the colonial government. However, after Indonesia gained independence, Balai Pemuda transformed its purpose. It became a hub for youth activities, focusing on education, arts, and culture. Today, it continues to thrive as a cultural center, promoting heritage preservation and community engagement.
# Bednja, Varaždin County

Bednja (Croatian pronunciation:) is a village and municipality in northern Croatia. It is located in the Varaždin County, west of Lepoglava.

## Climate

Since records began in 2006, the highest temperature recorded at the local weather station was 37.9 °C (100.2 °F), on 8 August 2013. The coldest temperature was −23.8 °C (−10.8 °F), on 9 February 2012.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, there are a total of 3,992 inhabitants, in the following settlements:
* Bednja, population 677
* Benkovec, population 234
* Brezova Gora, population 69
* Cvetlin, population 283
* Jamno, population 86
* Jazbina Cvetlinska, population 337
* Ježovec, population 305
* Mali Gorenec, population 109
* Meljan, population 148
* Osonjak, population 47
* Pašnik, population 65
* Pleš, population 261
* Podgorje Bednjansko, population 20
* Prebukovje, population 97
* Purga Bednjanska, population 119
* Rinkovec, population 284
* Sveti Josip, population 3
* Šaša, population 111
* Šinkovica Bednjanska, population 121
* Šinkovica Šaška, population 111
* Trakošćan, population 18
* Veliki Gorenec, population 50
* Vranojelje, population 131
* Vrbno, population 267
* Vrhovec Bednjanski, population 39
The majority of the population is of Croat descent.
# Acme (enslaved woman)

Acme (Greek: Ἁκμή, romanized: Akmē, died 5 BC) was a Jewish slave and personal maid in the service of the Empress Livia Drusilla, wife of Caesar Augustus.

## Biography

Little is known about Acme's early life, other than she was a slave in the service of Empress Livia. She comes to prominence later in life when she was embroiled in a family conflict between Herod the Great and his son Antipater, which took place during the final nine years of Herod's life. Whilst Antipater was living in Rome, he recruited Acme to forge letters from Salome, his aunt and Herod's sister, to Empress Livia.
Acme's part in the conspiracy was discovered when a letter between Antipater and Acme was intercepted. This letter described a plan to forge incriminating letters which would lead to the execution of Salome by Herod. The purpose of the letters was to make Herod believe that Salome was conspiring against him by writing to important people in Rome.
Herod denounced the events to Emperor Augustus and, as a result, Acme was executed in 5 BC. Her death was reported to Herod by Caesar in a letter. After her death, Augustus allowed Herod to decide on the fate of Antipater; on returning to Judea, he executed his son immediately, five days before his own death.

## Historiography

The story of Acme's role in the Herod's family feud is related by Titus Flavius Josephus in The Antiquities of the Jews and in The War of the Jews. However there are discrepancies between how the story is related between the texts. The execution of Acme is also used as evidence to date Herod's death more closely.
# Rabdophaga clavifex

Rabdophaga clavifex is a gall midge which forms galls on the buds of willow species.

## Description

The tree/shrub genus Salix supports many galls, some of which are difficult to identify, particularly those caused by the gall midges in the genus Rabdophaga. R. clavifex causes a cluster of hairy buds with a club-like swelling at the tip of the shoot on sallows. Each bud contains a red or orange larva.

## Distribution

This species has been recorded in several European countries, including Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In the UK R. clavifex has been found in Merseyside and Yorkshire.
# Northwest Davenport Savings Bank

Northwest Davenport Savings Bank is a historic building located in a commercial district in the old northwest section of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.

## History

Northwest Davenport Savings Bank was established in Davenport around 1910. The Neoclassical style structure was designed by Davenport architect Arthur Ebeling. The building was completed in 1912 in a German-American neighborhood in what was then the northwest corner of the city of Davenport. Its founders were of German-American descent, and lived and operated businesses in the same commercial district. Dr. Jacob S. Weber, a physician, served as the banks first president; Peter Peters, a local merchant, was the first vice-president; and William Burmann was the cashier. It was one of five banks that were still active in the city when President Franklin Roosevelt declared the Bank Holiday in 1933. The others included: American Commercial and Savings Bank, Bechtel Trust Company, Union Savings Bank and Trust, and Home Savings Bank. Only two banks survived, American Commercial and Bechtel, but under new names.
On July 7, 1941, Northwest Bank and Trust Company began business in the building. They occupied the structure until 1953 when they moved to their current location on the corner of West Locust and Washington Streets.

## Architecture

The banking industry in Davenport enjoyed significant growth from around 1900 to 1915. The new buildings that were built by them in this era expressed this growth both downtown and in the newly established neighborhood branch banks. For the most part, they were built in some version of the Neoclassical style. This small bank building is a relatively simple single-story brick structure. It is built on a concrete block foundation. The building features engaged columns in the Doric order that support a full entablature and triangular pediment, and pilasters that are topped with egg-and-dart molding on the classically detailed caps. The main entrance has been partially filled in to create a smaller doorway. A small addition was also added to the south side of the building at a later date.
# List of BIM software

The following table provides an overview of notable building information modeling (BIM) software.
Building information modeling (BIM) software :
| Software | Developer | Operating system(s) | License |
| Allplan Architecture | Nemetschek Group | Windows | Proprietary |
| Archicad | Graphisoft | Windows, macOS | Proprietary |
| AutoCAD Architecture | Autodesk | Windows | Proprietary |
| Autodesk BIM 360 | Autodesk | Web-based | Proprietary |
| Autodesk Civil 3D | Autodesk | Windows | Proprietary |
| Autodesk Revit | Autodesk | Windows | Proprietary |
| Bonsai (Blender BIM) | Open-source | Windows, macOS, Linux | GNU GPL |
| BricsCAD | Bricsys nv | Windows, Linux, macOS | Proprietary |
| CATIA | Dassault Systèmes | Windows, Unix (server) | Proprietary |
| Cadwork Engineer | Cadwork informatik AG | Windows | Proprietary |
| Chief Architect | Chief Architect, Inc. | Windows | Proprietary |
| DataCAD | Microtecture Inc., Cadkey Inc., DATACAD LLC | Windows | Proprietary |
| Dynamo | Autodesk | Windows | Apache License 2.0 |
| FreeCAD | Open-source | Linux, macOS, Windows | GPL-2.0-or-later |
| Graphisoft BIMx | Graphisoft | Windows, macOS | Proprietary |
| IntelliCAD | IntelliCAD Technology Consortium | Windows | Proprietary |
| MPDS4 | CAD Schroer | Windows and Solaris | Proprietary |
| MicroStation | Bentley Systems | Windows | Proprietary |
| Autodesk Navisworks | Autodesk | Windows | Proprietary |
| OpenRoads Designer | Bentley Systems | Windows | Proprietary |
| Prokon | Prokon Software Consultant | Windows | Proprietary |
| Revizto | Revizto SA | Windows, macOS, iOS and Android | Proprietary |
| Rhinoceros 3D (Rhino) | McNeel & Associates | Windows, macOS | Proprietary |
| STAAD | Bentley Systems | Windows | Proprietary |
| Sefaira | acquired by Trimble Inc. | Windows and MacOS | Proprietary |
| Tekla Structures | Trimble | Windows | Proprietary |
| Sketchup | Trimble | Windows, macOS, iPadOS | Proprietary |
| Vectorworks | Nemetschek Group | Windows, macOS | Proprietary |
# 1942 Brown Bears football team

The 1942 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University during the 1942 college football season.
In their second season under head coach Jacob N. "Skip" Stahley, the Bears compiled a 4–4 record, and were outscored 114 to 96 by opponents. Team captains were named on a game-by-game basis.
Brown was ranked at No. 103 (out of 590 college and military teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score System for 1942.
Brown played its home games at Brown Stadium on the East Side of Providence, Rhode Island.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 3 | Rhode Island State | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI (rivalry) | W 28–0 | 9,000 |
| October 10 | at Columbia | Baker FieldNew York, NY | W 28–21 | 17,000 |
| October 17 | Lafayette | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 7–0 | 10,000 |
| October 24 | at Princeton | Palmer StadiumPrinceton, NJ | L 13–32 | 15,000 |
| October 31 | at Yale | Yale BowlNew Haven, CT | L 0–27 | 20,000 |
| November 7 | Holy Cross | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 20–14 | |
| November 14 | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | L 0–7 | 9,000 |
| November 26 | Colgate | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | L 0–13 | 8,000 |
# Parasarpa dudu

Parasarpa dudu, the white commodore, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical Asia.

## Cited reference

* ↑ "Parasarpa Moore, [1898]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
# Gregson-Hadley House

Gregson-Hadley House is a historic home located at Siler City, Chatham County, North Carolina. The house was built in approximately 1903, and is named for leading Siler City industrialist Julius Clarence Gregson, for whom it was built, and his brother-in-law Wade Hadley, to whom it was sold in 1920. It is a 1+1⁄2-story, richly decorated Queen Anne style dwelling. It features an exaggerated hip roof with several projecting gables, a pentagonal corner turret, and Eastlake movement wraparound porch.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Jayeda Khatun

Jayeda Khatun is a Bangladeshi housewife-turned-politician who was Former mayor of Gazipur. She was elected as mayor of the Gazipur City Corporation in the 2023 city election, contesting as an independent candidate and defeating Awami League candidate Azmat Ullah Khan.
She is the mother of former mayor of Gazipur Zahangir Alam.

## Political career

Khatun's entry into politics was driven by her son Zahangir Alam's expulsion from the Awami League, which sparked sympathy among voters. Her campaign focused on the development work undertaken by her son during his tenure as mayor.

## Personal life

Khatun was born on February 10, 1962, in the Kanaya area of Gazipur City Corporation. She and her husband Mizanur Rahman are parents to two sons and a daughter. He husband died in 2018.
# Gridley Building

The Gridley Building, built in 1867 and known previously as the Onondaga County Savings Bank Building, is a prominent historic building on Clinton Square and Hanover Square in Syracuse, New York, United States. It was designed by Horatio Nelson White and was built adjacent to what was then the Erie Canal and is now Erie Boulevard.

## History

The address of the Gridley Building is 101 S. Salina Street, according to the 1970 National Register of Historic Places nomination form. Five years later, the Hanover Square Historic District nomination listed its address as 101 East Water Street.
The Syracuse Savings Bank Building is located directly across Erie Boulevard.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

## Influence

The architect for Gridley Building, Horatio Nelson White, also designed the Hall of Languages in 1870 with the very similar style. It was the first building on Syracuse University campus, and is often prominently displayed as a representation of the University in many forums.
# Grier-Rea House

Grier-Rea House is a historic farmhouse located near Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. The L-shaped dwelling consists of a two-story, side-gable main block built about 1815, with an original, one-story, rear shed appendage and a two-story, rear ell added about 1830. Also added about 1830 was the hip roofed front porch. The house was moved to its present location in 2002.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
# Griers Presbyterian Church and Cemetery

Griers Presbyterian Church and Cemetery is a historic Presbyterian church and cemetery located near Frogsboro, Caswell County, North Carolina. It was built about 1856, and is a simple, rectangular frame building. It is an example of Greek Revival temple-form church architecture. Also on the property is a contributing church cemetery.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# De Havilland Gipsy Twelve

The de Havilland Gipsy Twelve was a British aero engine developed by the de Havilland Engine Company in 1937. Approximately 50 were manufactured. It was known as the Gipsy King in Royal Air Force service.

## Applications

* de Havilland DH.91 Albatross
* de Havilland DH.93 Don

## Engines on display

Preserved de Havilland Gipsy Twelve engines are on public display at the following museums:
* de Havilland Aircraft Museum
* London Science Museum.

## Specifications (Gipsy King I)

Data from Lumsden

### General characteristics

* Type: Inverted 60 degree V-12 piston engine
* Bore: 4.646 in (118 mm)
* Stroke: 5.512 in (140 mm)
* Displacement: 1121.3 cu in (18.4 L)
* Length: 82.6 in (2,098 mm)
* Width: 31.5 in (800 mm)
* Height: 37.4 in (950 mm)
* Dry weight: 1,058 lb (480 kg)

### Components

* Valvetrain: Overhead valve
* Supercharger: Single speed
* Fuel type: 87 Octane petrol
* Cooling system: Air cooled
* Reduction gear: Spur geared, reduction ratio 0.667:1

### Performance

* Power output: 425 hp at 2,450 rpm at 0 psi boost (five minutes maximum)
* Compression ratio: 6:1
* Power-to-weight ratio: 0.4 hp/lb
# Wooldridge v Sumner

Wooldridge v Sumner [1962] EWCA Civ 3 is an English Court of Appeal judgment dealing with the liability in negligence of participants in sporting competitions towards spectators. The Court of Appeal held in this case that sportsmen would only be liable to spectators if they showed "reckless disregard" for their safety.

## Facts

The plaintiff, Mr Wooldridge, who was a photographer at a horse race, was injured by the horse belonging to the defendant, Sumner, which was ridden in a competition by Ron Holladay, who was a skilled and experienced horseman.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held that Sumner owed no duty of care to Wooldridge in this case. As a spectator, Wooldridge accepted the risks involved in a horserace he came to watch. As a reasonable participant in the race, which is a fast and competitive sport, the horseman was expected to concentrate on the race and not on the spectator. In the course of a fast moving competition such as this one, he could be expected to make errors of judgment. As long as the damage was not caused recklessly or deliberately, the participant in a race could not be held liable for the spectators injuries because he was not negligent, i.e. not in breach of his duty.
The case is also known for the commentary by Lord Justice Diplock on the maxim of volenti non fit injuria that "in the absence of expressed contract", it "has no application to negligence simpliciter where the duty of care is based solely upon proximity or "neighbourship" in the Atkinian sense".
# Navika (film)

Navika is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language action crime film directed by Sen Prakash starring Manish Chandra, Shravanth Rao, Swathi and Esther Jennet. The film is inspired by Deewaar (1975).

## Cast

* Manish Chandra as Soori
* Shravanth Rao as Shankar
* Swathi as Sandhya
* Esther Jannat as Shwetha
* Shobaraj as Avinash Hegde
* Tennis Krishna
* Ninasam Ashwath
* R. N. Sudarshan

## Soundtrack

All lyrics are written by Raghavendra Kamath; all music is composed by Raj Narayan Dash.

## Reception

A critic from The Times of India wrote that " It’s good to see new directors with fresh ideas like Sen Prakash enter Sandalwood". A critic from Indo-Asian News Service wrote that "Good TV anchors don't necessarily make good actors on celluloid. Well, the point has been well proven in the new film Naavika".
# Heven-Papenholz

Papenholz is a city-district of Witten-Heven, which is a part of the City of Witten, (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). Papenholz is placed about 3 kilometres northwest of the city. It has nearly no population. It is neither known when it was firstly nor who were the first settlers; it is a part of Witten-Heven since 1929. Before 1929 it belonged to Langendreer.
51°27′15″N 7°18′41″E﻿ / ﻿51.45417°N 7.31139°E﻿ / 51.45417; 7.31139
* This Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Karbala International Airport

Karbala International Airport (Arabic: مَطَار كَرْبَلَاء ٱلدَُوَلِِي, romanized: Maṭār Karbalāʾ Ad-Duwalī) is an airport under development in Karbala Governorate, Iraq. It is located between the cities of Najaf and Karbala, about 20 miles (32 km) to the southeast of Karbala. It is expected to be Iraq's largest airport upon completion, it is expected to be open in November 2024-April 2025

## Airlines and Destinations

Currently there is no destinations to Karbala.

## History and description

The foundation stone of Karbala International Airport was laid by Shaikh Abdul-Mahdi al-Karbala'i, a representative of Grand Ayatollah Ali as-Sistani, and Chief Cleric of Imam Husayn Holy Shrine, in January 2017. It is being constructed by the United Kingdom's Copperchase Ltd., and designed by the French ADPI Company. At 4.5 km (2.8 miles), the airport's runway is the longest of its kind in Iraq. According to Al-Karbala'i, it was not meant to compete with other airports, but only to serve pilgrims going to the Mosques of Imam Husayn and Abbas.