OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Task system

The task system is a system of labor under slavery characteristic in the Americas. It is usually regarded as less brutal than other forms of enslaved persons' labor. Under this system, each enslaved person is assigned a specific task to complete for the day. After that task is finished, the enslaved person is then free to do as he or she wishes with the remaining time. The other form, known as the gang system, was harsher. The gang system forced the enslaved people to work until the planter said they were finished and allowed them almost no freedom. Whether planters organized their enslaved people on the task or gang system had much to do with the type of crops they harvested. Tobacco, rice and sugar cultivation was organized into gangs since those crops required considerable processing and supervision. Coffee, cotton, and pimento were comparatively hardier plants where extensive supervision was unnecessary, leading planters to favor the task system on their plantations.
# Richborough Castle Halt railway station

Richborough Castle Halt was a minor station on the Kent Coast Line named after the nearby Richborough Castle. It opened in 1918 for military use. Public services began in 1933, lasting until 1939 when the halt was closed.

## History

Richborough Castle Halt was originally built for military use. It opened on 29 June 1918. The halt had two platforms, one of which was equipped with a shelter. On 19 June 1933, it opened to public services. The halt was closed on 11 September 1939.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Sandwich | Southern Railway Kent Coast line | Ebbsfleet and Cliffsend Halt |
| Sandwich | Southern Railway Ashford to Ramsgate line | Minster |
# Serhii

Serhii (Ukrainian: Сергій ) is a Ukrainian masculine given name that comes from the ancient Roman generic name Sergius. Other transliterations of the name include Sergiy, Serhiy, Sergii, and Serhij.

## Ukrainian-born people

* Sergiy Bezugliy (born 1984), sprint canoer
* Serhiy Biloushchenko (born 1981), rower
* Serhiy Breus (born 1983), butterfly swimmer
* Sergiy Bychkov (born 1961), politician, civil engineer, and lawyer
* Serhiy Demchuk (born 19??), paralympic swimmer
* Serhiy Dzyndzyruk (born 1976), professional boxer
* Sergiy Gladyr (born 1988), professional basketball player
* Sergiy Gorbenko (born 1985), professional basketball player
* Sergiy Grechyn (born 1979), professional road cyclist
* Serhiy Ivlyev (born 1984), footballer
* Serhiy Kyrychenko (born 1952), army general
* Sergiy Klimniuk (born 1976), sprint canoer
* Serhiy Kolos (born 19??), paralympic athlete
* Sergiy Korsunsky (born 1962), diplomat
* Sergiy Kulyk (born 1958), diplomat
* Sergiy Kyslytsya (born 1969), former Ukrainian diplomat and politician
* Sergiy Lagkuti (born 1985), racing cyclist
* Sergiy Matveyev (born 1975), former professional road bicycle racer
* Serhiy Olizarenko (1954–2024), steeplechase runner
* Serhiy Osovych (born 1973), sprinter
* Serhii Plokhy (born 1968), historian
* Sergii Semeno (born 1990), footballer
* Sergiy Sergeyev (footballer) (born 1982), footballer
* Serhiy Shevchenko (1908–200?), politician and diplomat
* Sergiy Stakhovsky (born 1986), professional tennis player
* Serhiy Tretyak (born 1984), footballer
* Sergiy Verigin (1868–1938) Russian Orthodox clergyman, converted to Catholicism
* Sergiy Vilkomir (1956–2020), computer scientist
* Serhiy Zhuravlyov (1959–2025), footballer
# Mathia, Bihar

Mathia is a village in the West Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 census of India, Mathia had a population of 388 in 82 households. Males constitute 49.74% of the population and females 50.25%. Mathia has an average literacy rate of 25.51%, lower than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 53.5%, and female literacy is 46.4%. In Mathia, 19.32% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Teresa Reichlen

Teresa Reichlen (born 1984 or 1985) is an American ballet dancer. She joined the New York City Ballet in 2001, was promoted to principal dancer in 2009, and retired in 2022.

## Early life

Reichlen was born in Clifton, Virginia. She has three brothers. When she was three, her parents sent her to ballet classes. At age 10, she started training at Russell School of Ballet, in Northern Virginia. She is the first person from that academy accepted by the School of American Ballet, but she deferred for a year and then entered SAB in 1999, at age 15. During her deferral year, she attended a summer intensive session at the School of American Ballet and, afterward, stayed in New York City as a full-time student.

## Career

In 2000, at age sixteen, Reichlen got an apprenticeship at the New York City Ballet. She thought she would join Pacific Northwest Ballet, which is known for hiring taller dancers, but ended up joining the corps de ballet the following year. At age 19, Reichlen danced the solo role in "Rubies" from Jewels. She was promoted to soloist in 2005. In 2009, at age 25, she became a principal dancer. She has danced lead roles in works by George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, Justin Peck and Christopher Wheeldon.
In the 2004-05 season, Reichlen was the Janice Levin Dancer Honorees, which is given to promising corps members at the NYCB.
Reichlen had also performed with Wheeldon's company, Morphoses, and Columbia Ballet Collaborative. In 2010, Reichlen performed in Cuba, alongside several other NYCB dancers.
In 2018, after NYCB was sued by Alexandra Waterbury, a former student at SAB, Reichlen spoke on behalf of the dancers at NYCB's fall fashion gala. The speech was written by her and fellow principal dancer Adrian Danchig-Waring. Though she did not name the lawsuit or anyone involved, she noted, "we will not put art before common decency or allow talent to sway our moral compass."
Reichlen retired from ballet in February 2022, following a performance of Balanchine's one act Swan Lake. She will then work as the gallery manager of Shrine, which was founded by her husband.

## Selected repertoire

Reichlen's repertoire with the New York City Ballet includes:
* After The Rain
* Agon
* Apollo (Polyhymnia)
* Concerto Barocco
* Coppélia (Dawn)
* DGV: Danse à Grande Vitesse (NYCB Premiere)
* The Firebird
* Harlequinade (La Bonne Fée)
* "Emeralds" and "Rubies" from Jewels
* A Midsummer Night's Dream (Titania, Hippolyta)
* The Nutcracker (Sugarplum Fairy, Dewdrop, Coffee, Flowers)
* Orpheus (Eurydice)
* Polyphonia
* Raymonda Variations
* Serenade
* The Sleeping Beauty (Lilac Fairy, Carabosse, Diamond)
* Stars and Stripes
* Swan Lake (Balanchine version) (Odette)
* Swan Lake (Martins version) (Odette/Odile, Pas de Quatre, Russian, Princess)
* Symphony in C (Second Movement)
* Walpurgisnacht Ballet
* Western Symphony (Rondo)
* The Four Seasons (Summer)

### Created roles

* Bal de Couture
* Clearing Dawn
* Common Ground
* Everywhere We Go
* Luce Nascosta
* Plainspoken
* Year of the Rabbit

## Personal life

Reichlen studied biology in Barnard College.
She is married to Scott Ogden. She has a son.
# 1953 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team

The 1953 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Lamar State College of Technology (now known as Lamar University) during the 1953 college football season as a member of the Lone Star Conference. In their first year under head coach James B. Higgins, the team compiled a 3–7 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 19 | Southwestern Louisiana* | Greenie StadiumBeaumont, TX (rivalry) | L 13–22 |
| September 26 | at Northwestern State* | Demon FieldNatchitoches, LA | L 6–12 |
| October 3 | Stephen F. Austin | Greenie StadiumBeaumont, TX | W 19–13 |
| October 10 | at East Texas State | Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | L 13–32 |
| October 17 | at Sam Houston State | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | L 0–43 |
| October 24 | Abilene Christian* | Greenie StadiumBeaumont, TX | L 21–26 |
| October 31 | Southwest Texas State | Greenie StadiumBeaumont, TX | L 6–14 |
| November 7 | vs. McMurry* | Ballinger, TX | L 27–32 |
| November 14 | Sul Ross | Greenie StadiumBeaumont, TX | W 21–0 |
| November 28 | at Instituto Politécnico Nacional* | Mexico City, MX | W 60–12 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# 2024 Challenger Santa Fe

The 2024 Challenger Santa Fe, known as AAT Challenger Santander edición Santa Fe, was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santa Fe, Argentina between 3 and 9 June 2024.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| BOL | Hugo Dellien | 168 | 1 |
| BOL | Murkel Dellien | 222 | 2 |
| ARG | Santiago Rodríguez Taverna | 245 | 3 |
| LIB | Hady Habib | 259 | 4 |
| PER | Gonzalo Bueno | 276 | 5 |
| ECU | Álvaro Guillén Meza | 279 | 6 |
| ARG | Andrea Collarini | 292 | 7 |
| BRA | Pedro Sakamoto | 302 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 27 May 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Juan Estévez
* Alejo Lorenzo Lingua Lavallén
* Ezequiel Monferrer
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Nicolás Álvarez
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Diego Augusto Barreto Sánchez
* Wilson Leite
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Leonardo Aboian
* Dali Blanch
* Tomás Farjat
* Emilio Gómez
* Trey Hilderbrand
* Aleksandr Lobanov

## Champions
### Singles

* Andrea Collarini def. Facundo Mena 6–2, 6–3.

### Doubles

* Hady Habib / Trey Hilderbrand def. Ignacio Carou / Facundo Mena 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, 6–2, [10–4].
# Death of Abbas Khan

Abbas Khan, a father of two, was a British orthopaedic surgeon who was killed at age 32 on 16 December 2013 while imprisoned by the Syrian government. The Syrian government claim that Dr. Abbas committed suicide but this is disputed. The British Foreign Office say that Dr Abbas was "effectively murdered".
In November 2012, Abbas Khan had gone to Turkey to help refugees from Syria during the civil war, but, after two weeks, he crossed the border into Syria to help those unable to reach the border between the two countries. Khan was arrested in Aleppo, 48 hours after entering Syria. When Khan's younger sister, Sara, found out that her brother was missing, the family contacted the Foreign Office, hoping for help in finding him, but the FCO did nothing. Eventually, his mother, Fatima Khan, found Abbas in a prison in Damascus through unofficial help given by the Indian and Russian embassies eight months later. When she found him, his weight had dropped to less than 32 kg (71 lb), and he could hardly walk. She also described seeing a missing fingernail and burned feet — signs of torture familiar to Syrians. He told her that he had been tortured and held for eight months in an underground cell.
Dr. Khan told his family that he was accused of treating dying civilians (women and children), which had been classed as an act of terrorism. Dr. Khan worked as a specialist registrar in orthopaedic surgery at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. The Foreign Office said it was "extremely concerned" by reports. In December 2013, the ICRC transported his body from Damascus to the Lebanese capital, Beirut, then back to London, United Kingdom.
In July 2014, two men who had been imprisoned with Dr. Khan in Damascus told the BBC that he had given treatment to other prisoners in jail, and taught them English, and had been positive and strong. He had ultimately been taken away by Intelligence Services, and the men said they believed he was killed because of what he had witnessed - "Abbas saw everything. They killed him for the things he saw. They didn't want anyone to know."
On 27 October 2014, a jury in London found that the Syrian government “deliberately and intentionally killed” Khan.
# Alf's Button (novel)

Alf's Button is a 1920 British comic novel written by William Aubrey Darlington. A soldier in the British Army comes across a magic button which summons a genie to grant his wishes. It drew inspiration from Thomas Anstey Guthrie's 1900 novel The Brass Bottle.

## Adaptations

In 1920 the book was adapted into a silent film Alf's Button which starred Leslie Henson and was directed by W.P. Kellino. The success of the film significantly boosted the book's sales. Darlington adapted his novel for a 1924 play of the same name. In 1930 a sound film adaptation Alf's Button was released, also directed by Kellino. A third film based on the story Alf's Button Afloat was released in 1938 directed by Marcel Varnel and starring Bud Flanagan and Chesney Allen.
# Hanumanasana

Hanumanasana (Sanskrit: हनुमानासन) or Monkey Pose is a seated asana in modern yoga as exercise. It is the yoga version of the front splits.

## Etymology and origins

The name comes from the Sanskrit words Hanuman (a divine entity in Hinduism who resembles a monkey) and asana (posture). The pose commemorates the giant leap made by Hanuman to reach Lanka from the mainland of India.
The pose is not described in the medieval hatha yoga texts. It appears in the 20th century in diverse traditions of modern yoga, such as in Swami Yogesvarananda's 1970 First Steps to Higher Yoga (as Vikatasana), in the Ashtanga (vinyasa) yoga of Pattabhi Jois, in Swami Satyananda Saraswati's 2003 Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha, and in B. K. S. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga.

## Description

Hanumanasana is an advanced pose (rated 36 out of 64 by B. K. S. Iyengar). The pose is approached from a kneeling position, stretching one leg forward and the other straight back while supporting the body with the hands until the full pose is mastered. The hands may then be placed in prayer position (Anjali Mudra). Finally, the arms may be stretched above the head, and the palms joined together. Iyengar states that to reach the full pose, one must make "several attempts each day" and be prepared to work at it for "a long time".
# ELoran

Enhanced LORAN (commonly known as eLoran; also known as eLORAN, E-LORAN, or e-LORAN) is a long-range radio navigation system that uses terrestrial towers and the hyperbolic navigation technique. It is an advancement in receiver design and transmission characteristics which increase the accuracy and usefulness of traditional LORAN and LORAN-C.
Interest has been renewed by the potential vulnerability of global navigation satellite systems, and their own propagation and reception limitations. With reported accuracy as good as ± 8 meters, the system becomes competitive with unenhanced GPS. eLoran also includes additional pulses which can transmit auxiliary data such as Differential GPS (DGPS) corrections, as well ensure data integrity against spoofing.
eLoran receivers use "all in view" reception, incorporating signals from all stations in range, not solely those from a single GRI, incorporating time signals and other data from up to forty stations. These enhancements in LORAN make it adequate as a substitute for scenarios where GPS is unavailable or degraded.
In 2017 it was reported by the United States Maritime Association that the United States Coast Guard had reported several episodes of GPS interference in the Black Sea. South Korea has claimed that North Korea has jammed GPS near the border, interfering with airplanes and ships. By 2018, the United States planned to build a new eLoran system as a complement to and backup for the GPS system. The South Korean government has pushed plans to have three eLoran beacons active by 2019, which would be enough to provide accurate corrections for all shipments in the region if North Korea (or anyone else) tries to block GPS again. As of November 2021, no eLoran system has deployed.
# Karukutty

Karukutty is a village panchayat in Aluva Taluk, Ernakulam district of Kerala, India . Classified as a Grade A panchayat, Karukutty comprises 17 wards and falls under Angamaly block panchayat in Aluva taluk. It is part of Angamaly Assembly constituency and Chalakudy Parliament constituency.

## History

Located on the northern border of the erstwhile Travancore kingdom, Karukutty has been influenced by the cultures of both Travancore and Cochin kingdoms and has been cited in ancient Portuguese records. Remnants of an old fort, referred to locally as Kottathendu (കോട്ടത്തെണ്ട്), can be seen here. The fort - Nedumkotta (നേടുംക്കോട്ട) was built jointly by the Travancore and Cochin kingdoms to resist invasions by Tipu Sultan. Numerous other artifacts and vessels used by natives to store their treasures and valuables have also been excavated. There is a popular saying that goes "Karukutty kandaal maru kutty venda" (കറുകുററി കണ്ടാല്‍ മറുകുററി വേണ്ട). It roughly translates to "If you have reached Karukutty, then you need not go looking elsewhere" – a sign of the self-sufficient and prosperous nature of the locality.The name karu kutty means Dark fortress.

## Geography

Spread over an area of 33.57 km$^2$ (12.96 sq mi) in central Kerala, the terrain is primarily of five types: plain land, valley, high land, sloped terrain and hilltops.

### Borders

    East: Mookkannoor panchayat
    North: Chalakudy River and Koratty panchayat
    West: Parakkadavu panchayat
    South: Angamaly municipality
# 1580 in Sweden

Events from the year 1580 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – John III

## Events

* August - Antonio Possevino inspect the Vadstena Abbey. During his visitation the abbey was reformed according to the latest regulations of the Catholic Church, and Katarina Bengtsdotter Gylta and her prioress swore the Tridentian oath from 1564.
* 4 November - Conquest of Kexholm in Russia

### Unknown date

* Pontus de la Gardie becomes Swedish commander, to combat the Russian war.
* The Dutchman Willem de Wijk is authorized by the crown to command the Swedish mines.
* The so-called Spanish plague reaps victims in Sweden, mainly in Uppland. Uppsala University is temporarily closed.

## Births

* Christina Natt och Dag, court official (died 1642)

## Deaths

* Unknown date - Valborg Eriksdotter, royal mistress (born 1545)
# 1590 in Sweden

Events from the year 1590 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – John III

## Events

* A new succession order, the 1590 års arvförening, is issued.

## Deaths

* Per Brahe the Elder, statesman (born 1520)
* Clas Åkesson Tott, field marshal and privy Councillor (born 1530)
* Anna Hogenskild, court official (born 1513)
# 1603 in Sweden

Events from the year 1603 in Sweden

## Events

* Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611): At Wesenberg (Rakvere), Jan Karol Chodkiewicz defeated a Swedish reinforcement force under Arvid Stålarm the Younger sent to relieve the Swedish troops in Dorpat. The town later surrendered on April.
* - Sweden is struck by the Bubonic plague.

## Births

* 28 June - Margareta Brahe, controversial countess and courtier (died 1669)
* 17 August - Lennart Torstensson, Field Marshal and military engineer (died 1651)
# 1608 in Sweden

Events from the year 1608 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles IX

## Events

* - Swedish conquest of Dünamünde, Kokenhusen and Fellin.
* - The King has the laws of the Kingdom, the Kristofers landslag from 1442, printed and published and thereby favors that before the conflicting Magnus Erikssons landslag from the 1350s: the law is also amended with the appendix of the Law of Moses, which makes them more severe than before. This law is applied to the country while the Stadslagen is confirmed as the law of the cities, an order which was to be in place until 1736.
* - The Riksdag of Örebro discuss a peace offer from Poland, and the King attempt to unite Lutheranism and Calvinism.

## Births

* 8 December - Vendela Skytte, poet and scholar (died 1629)
* - Arnold Johan Messenius, enfant terrible and historiographer (died 1651)

## Deaths

* - Sigrid Brahe, notorious countess (born 1568)
# 1610 in Sweden

Events from the year 1610 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles IX

## Events

* - Moscow is taken by Jakob De la Gardie during the De la Gardie Campaign.
* 4 July - Battle of Klushino with the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth army defeating Sweden and Russia
* - Ingrian War
* -The Swedish campaign in Muscovy of 1609-1610

## Births

* 30 July - Lorens von der Linde, (died 1670)
* - Karin Thomasdotter, vogt (died 1697)

## Deaths

* - Catherine Vasa, princess (died 1539)
# 1949 Illinois Fighting Illini football team

The 1949 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1949 Big Nine Conference football season. In their eighth year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 3–4–2 record and finished in fifth place in the Big Ten Conference. Halfback Johnny Karras was selected as the team's most valuable player.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | Iowa State* | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL | T 20–20 | 31,106–31,883 |
| October 1 | Wisconsin | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL | T 13–13 | 38,332 |
| October 8 | at Iowa | Iowa StadiumIowa City, IA | W 20–14 | 45,066 |
| October 15 | Missouri* | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (rivalry) | L 20–27 | 42,184 |
| October 22 | at Purdue | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN (rivalry) | W 19–0 | 48,000 |
| October 29 | No. 6 Michigan | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (rivalry) | L 0–13 | 71,119 |
| November 5 | Indiana | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (rivalry) | W 33–14 | 40,457 |
| November 12 | at No. 11 Ohio State | Ohio StadiumColumbus, OH (Illibuck Trophy) | L 17–30 | 81,805 |
| November 19 | Northwestern | Memorial StadiumChampaign, IL (rivalry) | L 7–9 | 67,872 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Nuria Niemes

Nuria Niemes (born 19 June 1972) is an Ecuadorian former professional tennis player.
From 1992 to 2001 she featured in a record total of 31 Fed Cup ties for Ecuador.She is Ecuador's most successful doubles player with 16 wins and had a further two wins in singles. She was ranked #2 in the world for doubles in her junior years. Towards the end of her playing career she also served as team captain.

## ITF Circuit finals
### Doubles: 7 (3–4)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 16 October 1988 | ITF Santiago, Chile | Clay | Rita Cruz Lima | Federica Haumüller Florencia Labat | 2–6, 6–4, 0–6 |
| Win | 1. | 9 September 1991 | ITF Guayaquil, Ecuador | Clay | Paula Cabezas | Macarena Miranda María Dolores Campana | 6–1, 7–5 |
| Win | 2. | 18 October 1992 | ITF Santiago, Chile | Clay | Paula Cabezas | Maria-Farnes Capistrano Ninfa Marra | 3–6, 6–4, 6–4 |
| Loss | 2. | 20 September 1993 | ITF Guayaquil, Ecuador | Clay | Paula Cabezas | Veronica Stele Cintia Tortorella | 2–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 3. | 27 September 1993 | ITF Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | Clay | María Dolores Campana | Ximena Rodríguez Virág Csurgó | 4–6, 1–6 |
| Win | 3. | 26 August 1996 | ITF San Salvador, El Salvador | Clay | Graciela Vélez | Joanne Moore Kristine Kurth | 7–5, 1–6, 6–1 |
| Loss | 4. | 10 November 1996 | ITF Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | Clay | Candice De La Torre | Meredith Geiger Paige Yaroshuk | 3–6, 2–6 |