OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ponte della Libertà

The Ponte della Libertà (Liberty Bridge) is a road bridge connecting the islands that form the historical centre of the city of Venice to the mainland part of the city.
Designed in 1932 by engineer Eugenio Miozzi, it was opened by Benito Mussolini in 1933 as Ponte Littorio ("Lictor's bridge") – a name used during the Fascist era for several other Italian bridges. At the end of World War II it was renamed Ponte della Libertà to honour the end of the Fascist dictatorship and of the Nazi occupation.
The bridge is the only vehicular access to the historical centre of Venice.
* The eastern end of the road terminates in the Piazzale Roma, the bus depot for the historical centre.
* The western end reaches mainland Venice and becomes the Via Libertà, which divides the Venetian boroughs (municipalità) of Mestre (north) and Marghera (south). It is final section of the old Public Road 11, the Padana Superiore [it].
It is 3.85 km (2.39 mi) long and has two lanes (but no emergency lane) with a tram track each way. There is also a pedestrian and cycle path on the southern side. It was built alongside the Venice Railway Viaduct, which had been constructed in 1846. This has two tracks each way and is still in use.

## In popular culture

The bridge was a major location for the White Album fight in the manga and anime JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Golden Wind.
# 2025 in Kazakhstan

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 2025 in Kazakhstan.

## Incumbents

| Post | Name |
| Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| President of Kazakhstan | Kassym-Jomart Tokayev |
| Prime Minister of Kazakhstan | Oljas Bektenov |

## Events

* January 3 – At least 95 vehicles figure in a pileup along the Astana-Shchuchinsk road near Zhanatalap, Akmola Region.
* January 23 – Nineteen vehicles figure in a pileup along the Yekaterinburg-Almaty highway near Aksu-Ayuly, Karaganda Region, injuring six people.

## Holidays

Source:
* 1 January – New Year's Day
* 7 January – Orthodox Christmas
* 8 March – International Women's Day
* 21–23 March – Nowruz
* 1 May – Kazakhstan People's Unity Day
* 7 May – Defender of the Fatherland Day
* 9 May – Great Patriotic War Against Fascism Victory Day
* 6 June – Kurban Ait
* 6 July – Capital City Day
* 30 August – Constitution Day
* 25 October – Republic Day
* 16 December – Independence Day
# XX International AIDS Conference, 2014

The XX International AIDS Conference was held in Melbourne, Australia from 20 to 25 July 2014 at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre. It was organized by the International AIDS Society. Over 14,000 scientists, campaigners and politicians were expected to attend.

## Conference proceedings

From July 20 to 25, 2014, Melbourne, Australia hosted the 20th International AIDS Conference. Speakers included Michael Kirby, Richard Branson and Bill Clinton. Clinton's focus was HIV treatment and he called for a greater levels of treatment provision worldwide; in an interview during the conference, Kirby focused on legal issues and their relationship to medication costs and vulnerable groups—Kirby concluded by calling for an international inquiry:
   And what is needed, as the Global Commission on HIV and the Law pointed out, is a new inquiry at international level – inaugurated by the secretary-general of the United Nations – to investigate a reconciliation between the right to health and the right of authors to proper protection for their inventions. At the moment, all the eggs are in the basket of the authors, and it's not really a proportionate balance. And that's why the Global Commission suggested that there should be a high level of investigation.
Branson, Global Drug Commissioner at the time of the conference, stressed the importance of decriminalizing illicit injecting drug use to the prevention of HIV and, speaking in global terms, stated that "we're using too much money and far too many precious resources on incarceration". The Open Society Foundation launched the "To Protect and Serve How Police, Sex Workers, and People Who Use Drugs Are Joining Forces to Improve Health and Human Rights" report at the conference.

## Malaysia Airlines Flight 17

The International AIDS Society confirmed that six delegates were killed in the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 that was shot down over eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014. The six delegates, including former society president Joep Lange, were acknowledged during the conference at the AIDS 2014 Candlelight Vigil event. News of the crash broke as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation was preparing to air a live performance of the AIDS Memoir Quartet, a memorial work by former ACT UP activist Lyle Chan. Presenter Julian Day and Lyle Chan dedicated the performance to the crash victims and their families.
# 1950 Texas State Tigers football team

The 1950 Texas State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Texas State University for Negroes (now known as Texas Southern University) as an independent during the 1950 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Alexander Durley, the Tigers compiled an overall record of 5–5–1.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 16 | at Wiley | Wildcat StadiumMarshall, TX | W 6–0 | 900 |
| September 22 | Southern | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | L 0–19 | |
| September 30 | Tillotson | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | W 19–7 | |
| October 7 | vs. Bishop | Port Arthur, TX | L 7–53 | 3,000 |
| October 14 | vs. Grambling | Farrington FieldFort Worth, TX | L 2–26 | |
| October 21 | Kentucky State | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | W 7–0 | |
| October 27 | Prairie View A&M | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX (rivalry) | L 6–32 | |
| November 11 | Samuel Huston | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | T 0–0 | |
| November 17 | Texas College | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | W 14–6 | 3,000 |
| November 25 | Langston | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | L 7–39 | |
| December 2 | Arkansas AM&N | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | W 13–0 | |
| Homecoming ||||||
# 1950 UMass Redmen football team

The 1950 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1950 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Thomas Eck and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 3–5 overall and 1–1 in conference play.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 30 | Bates* | Alumni FieldAmherst, MA | W 26–0 |
| October 7 | at Worcester Tech* | Alumni FieldWorcester, MA | L 20–21 |
| October 14 | at Williams* | Weston FieldWilliamstown, MA | L 34–42 |
| October 21 | at Rhode Island State | Meade StadiumKingston, RI | L 27–38 |
| October 28 | Northeastern* | Alumni FieldAmherst, MA | W 27–6 |
| November 4 | Vermont | Alumni FieldAmherst, MA | W 27–13 |
| November 11 | Springfield* | Alumni FieldAmherst, MA | L 0–26 |
| November 18 | at Tufts* | Tufts OvalSomerville, MA | L 6–7 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# 1950 Washington University Bears football team

The 1950 Washington University Bears football team represented Washington University in St. Louis as an independent during the 1950 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Irwin Uteritz, the Bears compiled a record of 2–7. Washington University played home games at Francis Field in St. Louis.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 23 | 2:00 p.m. | Missouri Mines | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | L 19–34 | 8,000 |
| September 30 | 7:15 p.m. | at Western Reserve | Shaw StadiumEast Cleveland, OH | L 20–24 | 5,684 |
| October 7 | 2:00 p.m. | Illinois Wesleyan | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | W 24–7 | 1,000 |
| October 14 | 2:00 p.m. | at Memphis State | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | L 0–54 | 3,559 |
| October 21 | 2:00 p.m. | Western Michigan | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | L 7–26 | 7,500 |
| November 4 | 2:00 p.m. | Louisville | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | L 7–28 | 3,750 |
| November 11 | 1:30 p.m. | at Butler | Butler BowlIndianapolis, IN | L 20–25 | 2,488 |
| November 18 | 2:00 p.m. | Southeast Missouri State | Francis FieldSt. Louis, MO | W 6–0 | 3,500 |
| November 25 | | at Sewanee | Hardee FieldSewanee, TN | L 0–7 | |
| HomecomingAll times are in Central time |||||||
# 1950 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team

The 1950 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team represented Western Kentucky State College (now known as Western Kentucky University) as a member of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) during the 1950 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Jack Clayton, the Hilltoppers compiled an overall record of 6–2–2 with a mark of 3–1–2 in conference play, placing second in the OVC. The team's captains were Roy Hina and Joe Talley.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 23 | Howard (AL)* | Bowling Green, KY | W 13–0 |
| September 30 | at Evansville | Evansville, IN | T 7–7 |
| October 7 | Marshall* | Bowling Green, KY | L 13–47 |
| October 14 | at Morehead State | Morehead, KY | W 23–21 |
| October 21 | Georgetown (KY) | Bowling Green, KY | W 41–13 |
| October 15 | at Tennessee Tech | Cookeville, TN | W 21–0 |
| November 4 | at Delta State* | Cleveland, MS | W 26–7 |
| November 11 | Eastern Kentucky | Bowling Green, KY (rivalry) | W 14–13 |
| November 19 | Murray State | Bowling Green, KY (rivalry) | T 27–27 |
| November 25 | at Stetson* | DeLand, FL | L 14–41 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# Raniero Alliata di Pietratagliata

Raniero Alliata di Pietratagliata or more correctly "of the Duchi di Pietratagliata" (Palermo, 1886–1979) was an Italian intellectual, theosophist and entomologist. His insect collection is conserved in museum in Terrasini. It includes purchased exotic insects. He lived in Villa Alliata di Pietratagliata in Palermo.
* This article about an entomologist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This Italian scientist article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 1958 Paraguayan general strike

The 1958 Paraguayan general strike was a general strike organized in Paraguay in August 1958, marking the first national general strike in the country. The strike was called by the Confederación Paraguaya de Trabajadores (CPT; 'Paraguayan Workers' Confederation'), with demand such as a 30% raise in salaries, a general declaration of amnesty, a lifting of the state of emergency, a more equitable economic policy, securing the freedom to participate in political and trade union activities and the holding of a constituent assembly.
The strike was organized in the backdrop of an internal power struggle within the Colorado Party, between the civilian wing led by Epifanio Méndez Fleitas and the Colorado elements in the armed forces led by General Alfredo Stroessner. The CPT leadership was closely connected to the Méndez Fleitas faction.
Pro-strike committees were formed in preparation for the strike, one 96-member committee was organized by the CPT and others were set up by the CPT affiliate unions. Acción Católica also voiced support for the strike. Around 10,000 workers gathered on August 26, 1958, for a meeting at the CPT central office in Asunción were a four-member strike committee was elected.
The strike call had caught the Alfredo Stroessner government by surprise. Initially it responded by offering the CPT a 15% salary raise, an offer that the four-member strike committee rejected. By mid-night August 26–27, 1958 the general strike was called. The response on behalf of the state was swift. A workers' rally was dispersed by police. The CPT headquarters were surrounded by army and police forces. Over 200 trade union leaders, mainly from CPT, were arrested during the protests. Even the CPT general secretary was arrested (who, as a member of parliament, enjoyed parliamentary immunity). Offices of trade unions were closed down. Communist leaders such as Antonio Maidana, Julio Rojas and Alfredo Alcorta were captured and would remain jailed for two decades.
Following the strike, the Paraguayan labour movement found itself in shatters and without a functioning leadership. The government seized control over CPT. Exiled trade unionists in Argentina reorganized a 'CPT-Exile' (CPT-E) in response. Partially as a consequence of the crackdown on the strike and the closure of legal means to voice protest, many labour movement activists came to consider that armed struggle was the sole measure of organizing resistance to Stroessner.
# Jamason Faʻanana-Schultz

Jamason Faʻanana-Schultz (born 13 June 1996) is a rugby union player who plays as a flanker or number 8. He currently plays for Old Glory DC of Major League Rugby (MLR). Although born in Australia, he has played for the United States national rugby union team, having qualified through his American-born father.

## Rugby career

Faʻanana-Schultz was born and raised in Australia and got his start in rugby there. He spent time in the Queensland Reds academy system and played for Queensland University. In 2016 he joined Southern Districts in the Shute Shield, and a successful campaign led to him joining the Warratahs of Super Rugby on a development contract, although he didn't play for them. In 2017, he played in one match for Auckland in the NPC.
His professional debut came in 2018 with the Red Hurricanes of the Top Challenge League in Japan. He then signed with the Houston SaberCats in Major League Rugby (MLR). At the end of the 2019 MLR season, he returned to Japan, playing for the Kurita Water Gush in the Japan Top League.
In 2020, he joined MLR expansion team Old Glory DC. He became a fixture on the team, starting every match he was available for through his first two seasons with the team.

## International career

In 2015, Faʻanana-Schultz represented Samoa internationally at the u20 level.
He was also qualified to play internationally for the United States, courtesy of his father being born in San Francisco, California. He debuted for the USA Eagles in 2019 against Canada in the Pacific Nations Cup, earning two caps in that competition. He was not selected for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, but once again played for the USA in the summer of 2021, earning three more caps.
# Diamond Creek (Arizona)

Diamond Creek (Hualapai: Gwada) is an intermittent stream that flows through the Hualapai tribal reservation generally north from Peach Springs, Arizona to the Colorado River.

## Diamond Creek Road

Diamond Creek Road is graded in the river canyon adjacent to, and in some cases, within the streambed of Diamond Creek. Diamond Creek Road provides the only vehicular access to the Colorado River between Lees Ferry, 225 miles (362 km) upriver and Pierce Ferry, 52 miles (84 km) downriver. This access makes Diamond Creek a popular location for whitewater rafting trips to take out from trips through the Grand Canyon. Rafting trips also launch from the same location and proceed downriver to Lake Mead. The Hualapai tribal government charges a fee for all vehicles and people traversing the road.

## Flash flooding

During periods of heavy rain Diamond Creek is prone to flash flooding. Flash floods have historically damaged or destroyed the Diamond Creek Road forcing closure and, in one instance, washing vehicles into the Colorado River.
# Yaylalı, Karacasu

Yaylalı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karacasu, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population was 3,208 in 2019.
# Kalchreuth Formation

The Kalchreuth Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.
# Siege of Ti Bwar

The siege of Ti Bwar or Tibual was a year-long military operation during the ongoing conflict in Myanmar by Chinland forces against a junta outpost at Ti Bwar, Falam Township, Chin State.

## Siege

On 15 November 2022, Chin forces began assault on a junta camp at Ti Bwar using multiple drones to drop more than 300 bombs on the outpost. On the first day four jet fighters dropped bombs on insurgents in the morning and evening. Eight soldiers were reportedly killed and two insurgents injured. On the second day at least five Myanmar soldiers were reportedly killed with junta MI-35 attacking insurgent forces for 20 minutes. On 17 November, Mountain Eagle Defence Force (MEDF) forces dropped bombs on the outpost reportedly killing six soldiers and wounding many, with one insurgent being injured. On 18 November four soldiers were reportedly killed and one CNDF fighter injured. On 19 November junta forces installed drone jamming device preventing insurgents from conducting further attacks. On 20 November, the Chin insurgents claimed to have killed at least five soldiers after ambushing them in the Bualte village at around 5pm. In retaliation soldiers burned down people's homes in the village.
Chin forces claimed that out of 34 soldiers at the outpost, 25 were killed, and many other injured. Four drones were lost during the attack but Chin forces were unable the seize the outpost due to airstrikes.
At night of 14 November 2023 Chin forces stormed the camp again. At 5am 15 November they managed to overrun it, setting it ablaze and capturing substantial quality of weapons and ammunition. 29 soldiers stationed there fled to India. They were repatriated back to Myanmar a few days later.
# Manonichthys splendens

Manonichthys splendens, common name splendid dottyback, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Pseudochromidae, the dottybacks. It occurs in the Indo-West Pacific and occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 13 cm (5.1 in) in length.

## Gallery

* Splendid dottyback at Wakatobi National Park Indonesia, 2016
* Splendid dottyback at Morotai, Indonesia
* Splendid dottyback at Raja Ampat, Indonesia, 2019
* Splendid dottyback at Raja Ampat, Indonesia, 2019
# Hot dog bun

A hot dog bun is a type of soft bun shaped specifically to contain a hot dog or another type of sausage.
The side-loading bun is common in most of the United States, while the top-loading New England–style hot dog bun is popular in that region. Other regional variations include the addition of poppy seeds to the buns of Chicago-style hot dogs.

## History

Hot dog historian and professor emeritus at Roosevelt University Bruce Kraig believes the term "hot dog" was invented in the late 19th century by American observers of German immigrants, who ate sausages on buns. The Americans joked that the sausages looked suspiciously like the Germans' dachshunds.
Charles Feltman invented an elongated hot dog bun on Coney Island in 1871 according to writer Jefferey Stanton.
According to an obituary of Austrian immigrant baker Ignatz Frischmann published in 1904, the "Vienna roll" supplied to Coney Island hot dog vendors was invented by Frischmann and made him a rich man sometime before his death.
At the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, in St. Louis, Missouri, a German concessionaire, Antoine Feuchtwanger, served hot sausages called 'frankfurters', after his birthplace, Frankfurt, in Hesse. At first he loaned gloves for his customers to hold his sausages. When many were not returned, he asked his brother, who was a baker, to invent a solution. Thus, the hot dog bun was born.

## Regional variations

Split-top hot dog buns are popular in New England for lobster rolls and clam sandwiches.
In Chicago, Illinois, where poppy-seed buns are popularly served with Chicago-style hot dogs, the buns are made with high-gluten flour to hold up to steaming.
In Austria, Poland, and throughout Central Europe a "hot dog" is a baguette which is hollowed out by cutting off the end and impaling it on a spike so a sausage can be inserted. In Denmark this variation is known as a "French Hot Dog" because of the use of baguette, and a "French Hot Dog Dressing" which contains Dijon mustard. Specially prepared baguettes are made for this popular food.
# 1951 Bowling Green Falcons football team

The 1951 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University as an independent during the 1951 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Robert Whittaker, the Falcons compiled a 4–4–1 record and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 178 to 150.
The team's statistical leaders were Rex Simonds with 506 passing yards, fullback Fred Durig with 1,444 rushing yards, and Jim Ladd with 236 receiving yards. Durig's 1,444 rushing yards stood as a Bowling Green single season record until 1974. Ollie Glass and Eugene Aldridge were the team captains. Durig received the team's Most Valuable Player award.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 22 | Ohio Wesleyan | University StadiumBowling Green, OH | W 23–13 | |
| September 29 | at Miami (OH) | Miami FieldOxford, OH | L 7–46 | |
| October 6 | Mount Union | University StadiumBowling Green, OH | L 13–26 | |
| October 13 | at Ohio | Peden StadiumAthens, OH | L 7–28 | |
| October 20 | at Baldwin–Wallace | Berea, OH | W 27–20 | |
| October 27 | Toledo | University StadiumBowling Green, OH (rivalry) | L 6–12 | |
| November 3 | Kent State | University StadiumBowling Green, OH (rivalry) | T 27–27 | 5,200 |
| November 10 | at Youngstown | Rayen StadiumYoungstown, OH | W 20–0 | |
| November 17 | at Bradley | Peoria StadiumPeoria, IL | W 20–6 | |
| Homecoming ||||||
# Andrew of Wyntoun

Andrew Wyntoun, known as Andrew of Wyntoun (c. 1350 – c. 1425), was a Scottish poet, a canon and prior of Loch Leven on St Serf's Inch and, later, a canon of St. Andrews.
Andrew Wyntoun is most famous for his completion of an eight-syllabled metre entitled, Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, which contains an early mention of Robin Hood; it is also cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as the earliest work in English to use the word "Catholic": [spelling modernised] "He was a constant Catholic;/All Lollard he hated and heretic." Wyntoun wrote the 'Chronicle' at the request of his patron, Sir John of Wemyss, whose representative, Mr. Erskine Wemyss of Wemyss Castle, Fife, possessed the oldest extant manuscript of the work. The subject of the 'Chronicle' is the history of Scotland from the mythical period to the death of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany in 1420.
The nine original manuscripts of the Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland still subsist today and are preserved within various facilities throughout the United Kingdom. Three out of the eight original manuscripts are currently preserved by the British Library, two are in the possession of the Advocates' Library in Edinburgh; one, within the University of St Andrews Library; another, within the confines of Wemyss Castle and the eighth, privately owned by Mister John Ferguson of Duns, Scottish Borders, Berwickshire. The first edition of the 'Chronicle' (based on the Royal manuscript) was published by David Macpherson in 1795; the second edition was produced by David Laing and published in 1872 and the current standard edition was published by F. J. Amours as The Original Chronicle of Andrew of Wyntoun: Printed on Parallel Pages from the Cottonian and Wemyss MSS., with the Variants of the Other Texts.
The Chronicle is entirely composed of couplets, usually of eight syllables, although frequently there also are lines of six or 10 syllables.
# Oleksandr Noyok

Oleksandr Viktorovych Noyok (Ukrainian: Олександр Вікторович Нойок; born 15 May 1992) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Kyzylzhar in Kazakhstan.

## Career

Noyok attended the FC Shakhtar Donetsk sportive school. He was loaned to FC Zakarpattia Uzhhorod in Ukrainian First League on 15 July 2010.
Noyok went on to sign with FC Metalist Kharkiv in the Ukrainian Premier League in April 2013. After being loaned to Metalurh Donetsk for 22 games, he signed with Dinamo Minsk on 11 March 2016.

## Honours
### Dynamo Brest

* Belarusian Premier League: 2019
* Belarusian Super Cup: 2019, 2020

### Apollon Limassol

* Cypriot First Division: 2021–22