# History of local government in Wales

The history of local government in Wales in a recognisably modern form emerged during the late 19th century. Administrative counties and county boroughs were first established in Wales in 1889. Urban and rural districts were formed in 1894. These were replaced in 1974 by a two-tier authority system across the country comprising eight counties and, within them, thirty-seven districts. This system was itself replaced by the introduction of 22 single-tier authorities in 1996.

## Local Government Act 1888

From 1889 to 1974, counties made up of administrative counties and county boroughs were used for local government purposes. The counties were created by the Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 41), which applied without distinction across Wales and England, and in Wales the administrative counties were based on the historic counties of Wales, but they were not entirely identical.
The 1888 act did not create elected district councils, but anticipated their later creation, which came with the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73). The 1894 act created 'urban districts' and 'rural districts'.

### Administrative counties

The table shows the area and population of administrative counties in Wales as recorded at the censuses of 1891 and 1961.
| Administrative county | Area 1891 acres (km$^2$) | Population 1891 | Area 1961 acres (km$^2$) | Population 1961 |
| Anglesey | 175,836 (712) | 50,098 | 176,694 (715) | 51,705 |
| Brecknockshire | 469,894 (1,902) | 51,393 | 469,281 (1,899) | 55,185 |
| Cardiganshire | 443,071 (1,793) | 63,467 | 443,189 (1,794) | 53,648 |
| Carmarthenshire | 587,816 (2,379) | 130,566 | 588,271 (2,381) | 168,008 |
| Caernarfonshire$^{(1)}$ | 360,138 (1,457) | 117,233 | 364,108 (1,473) | 121,767 |
| Denbighshire | 424,235 (1,717) | 118,843 | 427,978 (1,732) | 174,151 |
| Flintshire | 164,051 (664) | 77,277 | 163,707 (662) | 150,082 |
| Glamorgan | 505,815 (2,047) | 467,954 | 468,808 (1,897) | 523,253 |
| Merionethshire | 427,810 (1,731) | 49,212 | 422,372 (1,709) | 38,310 |
| Monmouthshire | 342,548 (1,386) | 203,347 | 346,779 (1,403) | 336,556 |
| Montgomeryshire | 510,111 (2,064) | 58,003 | 510,110 (2,064) | 41,165 |
| Pembrokeshire | 392,710 (1,589) | 88,296 | 393,008 (1,590) | 94,124 |
| Radnorshire | 301,164 (1,219) | 21,791 | 301,165 (1,219) | 18,471 |
$^{(1)}$Renamed from Carnarvonshire, 1 July 1926

### County boroughs

There were also a number of administratively independent county boroughs:
* Cardiff created in 1889 (associated with Glamorgan)
* Swansea, created in 1889 (associated with Glamorgan)
* Newport, separated from Monmouthshire in 1891
* Merthyr Tydfil, separated from Glamorgan in 1908
| County borough | Area 1911 acres (km$^2$) | Population 1911 | Area 1961 acres (km$^2$) | Population 1961 |
| Cardiff | 6,373 (26) | 182,259 | 15,085 (61) | 256,582 |
| Merthyr Tydfil | 17,761 (72) | 80,990 | 17,760 (72) | 59,039 |
| Newport | 4,504 (18) | 83,691 | 7,691 (31) | 112,298 |
| Swansea | 5,202 (21) | 114,663 | 21,600 (87) | 167,322 |

## Local Government Act 1972: Counties and districts

In 1974, the existing administrative counties and county boroughs were abolished and replaced by eight new two-tier authorities, instead called 'counties' by the Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c. 70). These counties were sub-divided into lower-tier districts.
The counties were all given names in Welsh only, apart from the three in Glamorgan, which had English names as well as Welsh. The creation of these new administrative areas effectively separated the administrative function from the traditional counties, although in reality this had occurred in 1889.
These two-tier counties were abolished in 1996 and replaced with principal areas, each of which is designated as either a county or county borough. The names and areas of the pre-1996 counties were retained with slight modifications for some ceremonial purposes such as Lieutenancy, and became known as the preserved counties of Wales, which were amended in 2003 by S.I. 2003/974 to ensure that each principal area is wholly within one preserved county.

### Counties

* Gwent
* South Glamorgan (De Morgannwg)
* Mid Glamorgan (Morgannwg Ganol)
* West Glamorgan (Gorllewin Morgannwg)
* Dyfed
* Powys
* Gwynedd
* Clwyd

### Districts

The counties were sub-divided into districts, these were:
* Clwyd — Alyn and Deeside, Colwyn, Delyn, Glyndwr, Rhuddlan, Wrexham Maelor
* Dyfed — Carmarthen, Ceredigion, Dinefwr, Llanelli, Preseli Pembrokeshire (named Preseli until 1987), South Pembrokeshire
* Gwent — Blaenau Gwent, Islwyn, Monmouth, Newport, Torfaen
* Gwynedd — Aberconwy, Arfon, Dwyfor, Meirionnydd, Anglesey
* Mid Glamorgan — Cynon Valley, Ogwr, Merthyr Tydfil, Rhondda, Rhymney Valley, Taff–Ely
* Powys — Brecknock, Montgomery, Radnor
* South Glamorgan — Cardiff, Vale of Glamorgan
* West Glamorgan — Lliw Valley, Neath, Port Talbot (named Afan until 1986), Swansea

## 1996

The redistribution of these districts into the current principal areas is as follows:
| Principal area | Previous districts |
| Blaenau Gwent | most of Blaenau Gwent |
| Bridgend | most of Ogwr |
| Caerphilly | Islwyn, Rhymney Valley |
| Carmarthenshire | Carmarthen, Llanelli, Dinefwr |
| Cardiff | Cardiff, part of Taff–Ely |
| Ceredigion | Ceredigion |
| Conwy | Aberconwy, most of Colwyn |
| Denbighshire | Rhuddlan, parts of Glyndwr and Colwyn |
| Flintshire | Alyn and Deeside, Delyn |
| Gwynedd | Arfon, Dwyfor, Meirionnydd |
| Isle of Anglesey | Anglesey |
| Merthyr Tydfil | Merthyr Tydfil |
| Monmouthshire | Monmouth, part of Blaenau Gwent |
| Neath Port Talbot | Neath, Port Talbot, parts of Lliw Valley |
| Newport | Newport |
| Pembrokeshire | Preseli Pembrokeshire, South Pembrokeshire |
| Powys | Montgomeryshire, Radnorshire, Brecknock, part of Glyndwr |
| Rhondda Cynon Taf | Rhondda, Cynon Valley, most of Taff-Ely |
| Swansea | Swansea, parts of Lliw Valley |
| Torfaen | Torfaen |
| Vale of Glamorgan | most of Vale of Glamorgan |
| Wrexham | most of Wrexham, parts of Glyndwr |