# World Triathlon Championship Series

The World Triathlon Championship Series is an annual series of triathlon events organised by World Triathlon. The series is used to crown an annual world champion since 2008. Previously, the ITU (the former name of World Triathlon) world champion between 1989 and 2008 had been decided in a single annual championship race.
The Championship Series consists of multiple rounds of competitions culminating in a Grand Final race. Athletes compete head-to-head for points in these races that will determine the overall World Triathlon champion. The elite championship races are held, with one exception, over one of two distances, the standard or 'Olympic' distance (1.5 km swim, 40 km bike, 10 km run) which lasts between 1.5 and two hours, and the sprint distance, which is half of the standard distance and lasts around one hour (750 m swim, 20 km bike, 5 km run).
Since 2018 a mixed relay series has been run in tandem, where national teams compete in mixed team relays for prize money and Olympic qualifying points. From these races, one is denominated as the World Triathlon Mixed Relay Championships. Relays typically consist of four 'super-sprint' legs.
Since 2021 the leg holding the Mixed Relay Championships has also included the reinstated World Triathlon Sprint Championships under the combined branding of World Triathlon Sprint & Relay Championships. The stand-alone Sprint championship had previously been discontinued in 2011. Races in the sprint world championships are held over Super-sprint distances (300 m swim, 5 km bike, 2.5 km run) using a multi-race eliminator format which is unique to that event.
The final leg of the overall series is designated and marketed as the Grand Final, and has a greater points allocation, which must be included in the athletes final score ranking for the season along with a fixed number of best other results. In addition, the week of the Grand Final event sees other stand alone World Championship events held, including an elite under-23 event, single-race elite para-triathlon championship events, and a series of non-elite age-grade championships, similar to Gran Fondo World Championships in road cycling and World Athletics Road Running Championships.

## History

With the establishment of the International Triathlon Union (ITU, now World Triathlon) in 1989 it was quickly established that the governing body should host a yearly world championship to establish the men's and women's world champion. With the creation and hosting of the first ITU Triathlon World Championship in 1989 the ITU had established itself and the sports premier event but the sport overall lacked cohesion with races of varying lengths and prize pools, which increased the difficulty for triathletes to train and plan for seasons ahead. So in 1991 the ITU created the ITU Triathlon World Cup a year long series of races all hosted by the ITU with regular distances and prize money. With a world championship and a regular season established the ITU's attention moved onto other issues including earning the sport a place at the Olympics.
Then in 2008 the day after the 2008 men's Olympic triathlon race the ITU announced starting next year it would be replacing the single race world championship with a six-race World Championship points super series culminating in a Grand Final, it was to be called the World Championship Series (WCS). The ITU believed it would help grow the sport and increase the reach to the level of major sports whilst gaining a bigger TV audience. Most athletes and professional coaches were happy at the announcement believing it would help the sport become more popular and increase professionalism and pay for the top level athletes. However, there were major monetary concerns one week after the announcement as the ITUs main sponsor BG had pulled out of its nine-year sponsorship deal after only two years.
By its start in 2009 the series had gained a title sponsor in Dextro Energy in a $2 million deal allowing for each World Championship event to feature a $150,000 prize purse and for the Grand final to have $250,000, this also meant that $700,000 was available at the end of the series. This influx of cash meant that athletes would be to earn almost triple what they had previously helping to draw more into the sport. In 2011 the sprint distance world championship was incorporated into the series giving the same points and prize money as any other event, from this point on sprint distance events would make up a part of the series. In 2012 Dextro Energy ended their title sponsorship in tandem with the series rebranding itself as the World Triathlon Series. Then in 2013 the prize pool saw an increase to $2.25 million certifying the world triathlon series as the richest series in triathlon. In 2018 with the growing popularity of the World Triathlon Mixed Relay Championships and the disciplines' addition to the Olympic program it was decided that at three of the events on the 2018 calendar a mixed relay event would be held alongside the men's and women's competition; these three events would grant points towards Olympic qualification and constitute the new mixed relay series.
Only two triathletes succeeded in winning World Championships under both formats, Javier Gomez of Spain, and Helen Jenkins (née Tucker) of Great Britain and Wales. In 2020, in response to multiple race cancellations as a result of COVID-19 the Championship was once more decided on the basis of a single Championship race, won by Vincent Luis of France and Georgia Taylor-Brown of Great Britain and England. As Luis had already won a world title in 2019 under the now established season-long format, he in effect became only the third triathlete to win World Championships in both the single race and season-long formats.
During the 2023 events, at least 57 participants fell ill after swimming off Roker Beach in Sunderland. An Environment Agency sample taken three days before the event indicated 3,900 E. coli colonies per 100ml, over 39 times higher than readings taken the previous month, but the results were not published until after the competition. Northumbrian Water reported that no discharges that would have affected water quality off Roker Beach were recorded since October 2021.

## Disciplines

Currently there are three different distance disciplines:
* Standard- A 1500m swim followed by a 40 km cycle followed by a 10 km run.
* Sprint- A 750m swim followed by a 20 km cycle followed by a 5 km run.
* Mixed Team Relay- A 4 x (300m swim followed by a 7.5 km cycle followed by a 1.5 km run) where each athlete completes the swim bike run before tagging the next athlete, with the order of the athletes always being female, male, female, male.
In all instances the swim will be a mass start in open-water and the cycling will be draft-legal. There is an allowed leniency of 10% on each segment of courses route for the standard and sprint distances, with more discretion being allowed for the mixed relay. The standard distance was also known as the Olympic distance as it was the only distance competed for in the Olympics, however the World Triathlon has tried to enforce the use of the name standard distance saving the name Olympic on for official Olympic events.

## Champions
### Men's championship

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2009 | Alistair Brownlee (GBR) | Javier Gómez (ESP) | Maik Petzold (GER) |
| 2010 | Javier Gómez (ESP) (2 †) | Steffen Justus (GER) | Brad Kahlefeldt (AUS) |
| 2011 | Alistair Brownlee (GBR) (2) | Jonathan Brownlee (GBR) | Javier Gómez (ESP) |
| 2012 | Jonathan Brownlee (GBR) | Javier Gómez (ESP) | Dmitry Polyanskiy (RUS) |
| 2013 | Javier Gómez (ESP) (3) | Jonathan Brownlee (GBR) | Mario Mola (ESP) |
| 2014 | Javier Gómez (ESP) (4) | Mario Mola (ESP) | Jonathan Brownlee (GBR) |
| 2015 | Javier Gómez (ESP) (5) | Mario Mola (ESP) | Vincent Luis (FRA) |
| 2016 | Mario Mola (ESP) | Jonathan Brownlee (GBR) | Fernando Alarza (ESP) |
| 2017 | Mario Mola (ESP) (2) | Javier Gómez (ESP) | Kristian Blummenfelt (NOR) |
| 2018 | Mario Mola (ESP) (3) | Vincent Luis (FRA) | Jacob Birtwhistle (AUS) |
| 2019 | Vincent Luis (FRA) | Mario Mola (ESP) | Javier Gómez (ESP) |
| 2020$^‡$ | Vincent Luis (FRA) (2) | Vasco Vilaça (POR) | Léo Bergère (FRA) |
| 2021 | Kristian Blummenfelt (NOR) | Marten Van Riel (BEL) | Alex Yee (GBR) |
| 2022 | Léo Bergère (FRA) | Alex Yee (GBR) | Hayden Wilde (NZL) |
| 2023 | Dorian Coninx (FRA) | Hayden Wilde (NZL) | Léo Bergère (FRA) |
| 2024 | Alex Yee (GBR) | Léo Bergère (FRA) | Hayden Wilde (NZL) |
† The athlete won his first title as World Champion under the old world championship system.
‡ The championship was restricted to a single race event due to COVID 19.

### Women's championship

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2009 | Emma Moffatt (AUS) | Lisa Nordén (SWE) | Andrea Hewitt (NZL) |
| 2010 | Emma Moffatt (AUS) (2) | Nicola Spirig (SUI) | Lisa Nordén (SWE) |
| 2011 | Helen Jenkins (GBR) (2 †) | Andrea Hewitt (NZL) | Sarah Groff (USA) |
| 2012 | Lisa Nordén (SWE) | Anne Haug (GER) | Andrea Hewitt (NZL) |
| 2013 | Non Stanford (GBR) | Jodie Stimpson (GBR) | Anne Haug (GER) |
| 2014 | Gwen Jorgensen (USA) | Sarah Groff (USA) | Andrea Hewitt (NZL) |
| 2015 | Gwen Jorgensen (USA) (2) | Andrea Hewitt (NZL) | Sarah True (USA) |
| 2016 | Flora Duffy (BER) | Gwen Jorgensen (USA) | Ai Ueda (JPN) |
| 2017 | Flora Duffy (BER) (2) | Ashleigh Gentle (AUS) | Katie Zaferes (USA) |
| 2018 | Vicky Holland (GBR) | Katie Zaferes (USA) | Georgia Taylor-Brown (GBR) |
| 2019 | Katie Zaferes (USA) | Jessica Learmonth (GBR) | Georgia Taylor-Brown (GBR) |
| 2020$^‡$ | Georgia Taylor-Brown (GBR) | Flora Duffy (BER) | Laura Lindemann (GER) |
| 2021 | Flora Duffy (BER) (3) | Taylor Knibb (USA) | Taylor Spivey (USA) |
| 2022 | Flora Duffy (BER) (4) | Georgia Taylor-Brown (GBR) | Taylor Knibb (USA) |
| 2023 | Beth Potter (GBR) | Cassandre Beaugrand (FRA) | Emma Lombardi (FRA) |
| 2024 | Cassandre Beaugrand (FRA) | Beth Potter (GBR) | Emma Lombardi (FRA) |
† The athlete won the title of World Champion under the old world championship system.
‡ The championship was restricted to a single race event due to COVID 19.

### Medals classification

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Great Britain | 9 | 8 | 4 | 21 |
| 2 | Spain | 7 | 6 | 4 | 17 |
| 3 | France | 5 | 3 | 5 | 13 |
| 4 | Bermuda | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 5 | United States | 3 | 4 | 5 | 12 |
| 6 | Australia | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 7 | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 8 | Norway | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 | New Zealand | 0 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 10 | Germany | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 11 | Belgium | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Portugal | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Switzerland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 14 | Japan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 14 | Russia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (15 entries) | Totals (15 entries) | 32 | 32 | 32 | 96 |

## Hosts
### World Triathlon Series locations

The World Triathlon Series has visited 27 cities in 19 countries since its founding in 2009.
| Country | City | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year |
| Country | City | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2018 | 2019 | 2019 | 2020 | 2020 | 2021 | 2021 | 2022 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 |
| Australia | Gold Coast | GF | | | | | | • | • | • | GF | GF | | | | | | | | | |
| Australia | Sydney | | • | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Austria | Kitzbühel | • | • | • | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bermuda | Bermuda | | | | | | | | | | • | • | • | • | | | • | • | • | • | |
| Canada | Edmonton | | | | | | GF | • | • | • | • | MR | • | MR | | | GF | GF | | | |
| Canada | Montreal | | | | | | | | | • | • | • | • | • | | | • | • | • | • | • |
| China | Beijing | | | GF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Germany | Hamburg | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | MR | • | MR | • | • | • | • | • | • | • |
| Great Britain | Leeds | | | | | | | | • | • | • | • | • | • | | | • | • | • | • | |
| Great Britain | London | • | • | • | | GF | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Great Britain | Nottingham | | | | | | | | | | MR | MR | MR | MR | | | | | | | |
| Great Britain | Sunderland | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | • |
| Hungary | Budapest | | GF | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Italy | Cagliari | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | • | • | • |
| Japan | Tokyo | | | | | | | | | | | | MR | MR | | | | | | | |
| Japan | Yokohama | • | | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | | | • | • | • | • | • |
| Mexico | Cozumel | | | | | | | | GF | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Netherlands | Rotterdam | | | | | | | | | GF | | | | | | | | | | | |
| New Zealand | Auckland | | | | GF | • | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| South Africa | Cape Town | | | | | | • | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| South Korea | Seoul | | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| South Korea | Tongyeong | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Spain | Madrid | • | • | • | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Spain | Pontevedra | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GF |
| Sweden | Stockholm | | | | • | • | • | • | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Switzerland | Lausanne | | | • | | | | | | | | | GF | GF | | | | | | | |
| United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi | | | | | | | • | • | • | • | • | • | MR | | | • | • | GF | GF | • |
| United States | Chicago | | | | | | • | GF | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United States | San Diego | | | | • | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United States | Washington, D.C. | • | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Where GF = Grand Final, MR = Mixed Relay event

### World Triathlon Series Grand Final locations

The final race of each season is known as the grand final and has extra points, prize money and prestige associated with it, when a city bids to host the grand final it also bids to host many World Triathlon events such as the amateur Age-group world championships and the Paratriathlon world championship.
| Year | Date | Location |
| 2009 | 9–13 September | Gold Coast, Australia |
| 2010 | 8–12 September | Budapest, Hungary |
| 2011 | 10–11 September | Beijing, China |
| 2012 | 20–21 October | Auckland, New Zealand |
| 2013 | 14–15 September | London, Great Britain |
| 2014 | 1 September | Edmonton, Canada |
| 2015 | 17 September | Chicago, United States |
| 2016 | 11-18 September | Cozumel, Mexico |
| 2017 | 14-17 September | Rotterdam, Netherlands |
| 2018 | 12–16 September | Gold Coast, Australia |
| 2019 | August 30–1 September | Lausanne, Switzerland |
| 2020 | Cancelled$^*$ | Edmonton, Canada |
| 2021 | 20-22 August | Edmonton, Canada |
| 2022 | 22-26 November | Abu Dhabi, UAE |
| 2023 | 23-24 September | Pontevedra, Spain |
| 2024 | 17-20 October | Torremolinos, Spain |
| 2025 | 15-19 October | Wollongong, Australia |
| 2026 | TBC | Pontevedra, Spain |
$^*$2020 Series was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic. Champion was determined during a single sprint race event in Hamburg, Germany.

## ITU Triathlon World Championship

The world champion was formerly crowned in the ITU Triathlon World Championship, a single championship race that was held annually from 1989, the same year as the formation of the International Triathlon Union (ITU), to 2008.

### Results
#### Men's championship

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1989 | Mark Allen (USA) | Glenn Cook (GBR) | Rick Wells (NZL) |
| 1990 | Greg Welch (AUS) | Brad Beven (AUS) | Stephen Foster (AUS) |
| 1991 | Miles Stewart (AUS) | Rick Wells (NZL) | Mike Pigg (USA) |
| 1992 | Simon Lessing (GBR) | Rainer Müller-Hörner (GER) | Rob Barel (NED) |
| 1993 | Spencer Smith (GBR) | Simon Lessing (GBR) | Hamish Carter (NZL) |
| 1994 | Spencer Smith (GBR) (2) | Brad Beven (AUS) | Ralf Eggert (GER) |
| 1995 | Simon Lessing (GBR) (2) | Brad Beven (AUS) | Ralf Eggert (GER) |
| 1996 | Simon Lessing (GBR) (3) | Luc Van Lierde (BEL) | Leandro Macedo (BRA) |
| 1997 | Chris McCormack (AUS) | Hamish Carter (NZL) | Simon Lessing (GBR) |
| 1998 | Simon Lessing (GBR) (4) | Paul Amey (NZL) | Miles Stewart (AUS) |
| 1999 | Dmitriy Gaag (KAZ) | Simon Lessing (GBR) | Miles Stewart (AUS) |
| 2000 | Olivier Marceau (FRA) | Peter Robertson (AUS) | Craig Walton (AUS) |
| 2001 | Peter Robertson (AUS) | Chris Hill (AUS) | Craig Watson (NZL) |
| 2002 | Iván Raña (ESP) | Peter Robertson (AUS) | Andrew Johns (GBR) |
| 2003 | Peter Robertson (AUS) (2) | Iván Raña (ESP) | Olivier Marceau (SUI) |
| 2004 | Bevan Docherty (NZL) | Iván Raña (ESP) | Dmitriy Gaag (KAZ) |
| 2005 | Peter Robertson (AUS) (3) | Reto Hug (SUI) | Brad Kahlefeldt (AUS) |
| 2006 | Tim Don (GBR) | Hamish Carter (NZL) | Frédéric Belaubre (FRA) |
| 2007 | Daniel Unger (GER) | Javier Gómez (ESP) | Brad Kahlefeldt (AUS) |
| 2008 | Javier Gómez (ESP) | Bevan Docherty (NZL) | Reto Hug (SUI) |

#### Women's championship

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 1989 | Erin Baker (NZL) | Jan Ripple (USA) | Laurie Samuelson (USA) |
| 1990 | Karen Smyers (USA) | Carol Montgomery (CAN) | Joy Hansen (USA) |
| 1991 | Joanne Ritchie (CAN) | Terri Smith (CAN) | Michellie Jones (AUS) |
| 1992 | Michellie Jones (AUS) | Joanne Ritchie (CAN) | Melissa Mantak (USA) |
| 1993 | Michellie Jones (AUS) (2) | Karen Smyers (USA) | Joanne Ritchie (CAN) |
| 1994 | Emma Carney (AUS) | Anette Pedersen (DEN) | Sarah Harrow (NZL) |
| 1995 | Karen Smyers (USA) (2) | Jackie Gallagher (AUS) | Joy Leutner (USA) |
| 1996 | Jackie Gallagher (AUS) | Emma Carney (AUS) | Carol Montgomery (CAN) |
| 1997 | Emma Carney (AUS) (2) | Jackie Gallagher (AUS) | Michellie Jones (AUS) |
| 1998 | Joanne King (AUS) | Michellie Jones (AUS) | Evelyn Williamson (NZL) |
| 1999 | Loretta Harrop (AUS) | Jackie Gallagher (AUS) | Emma Carney (AUS) |
| 2000 | Nicole Hackett (AUS) | Carol Montgomery (CAN) | Michellie Jones (AUS) |
| 2001 | Siri Lindley (USA) | Michellie Jones (AUS) | Joanna Zeiger (USA) |
| 2002 | Leanda Cave (GBR) | Barbara Lindquist (USA) | Michelle Dillon (GBR) |
| 2003 | Emma Snowsill (AUS) | Laura Bennett (USA) | Michellie Jones (AUS) |
| 2004 | Sheila Taormina (USA) | Loretta Harrop (AUS) | Laura Bennett (USA) |
| 2005 | Emma Snowsill (AUS) (2) | Annabel Luxford (AUS) | Laura Bennett (USA) |
| 2006 | Emma Snowsill (AUS) (3) | Vanessa Fernandes (POR) | Felicity Abram (AUS) |
| 2007 | Vanessa Fernandes (POR) | Emma Snowsill (AUS) | Laura Bennett (USA) |
| 2008 | Helen Tucker (GBR) | Sarah Haskins (USA) | Samantha Warriner (NZL) |

#### Medal table

| Pos | National Team | | | |
| 1 | Australia | 17 | 15 | 13 |
| 2 | Great Britain | 9 | 3 | 3 |
| 3 | United States | 5 | 5 | 9 |
| 4 | New Zealand | 2 | 5 | 5 |
| 5 | Spain | 2 | 3 | |
| 6 | Canada | 1 | 4 | |
| 7 | Germany | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Portugal | 1 | 1 | |
| 9 | France | 1 | | 1 |
| 9 | Kazakhstan | 1 | | 1 |
| 11 | Switzerland | | 1 | 2 |
| 12 | Belgium | | 1 | |
| 12 | Denmark | | 1 | |
| 14 | Brazil | | | 1 |
| 14 | Netherlands | | | 1 |

### Host city

| Year | Date | Location |
| 1989 | 6 August | Avignon, France |
| 1990 | 15 September | Orlando, United States |
| 1991 | 13 October | Queensland, Australia |
| 1992 | 12 September | Muskoka, Canada |
| 1993 | 22 August | Manchester, United Kingdom |
| 1994 | 27 November | Wellington, New Zealand |
| 1995 | 12 November | Cancún, Mexico |
| 1996 | 24 August | Cleveland, United States |
| 1997 | 16 November | Perth, Australia |
| 1998 | 30 August | Lausanne, Switzerland |
| 1999 | 12 September | Montreal, Canada |
| 2000 | 30 April | Perth, Australia |
| 2001 | 22 July | Edmonton, Canada |
| 2002 | 9–10 November | Cancún, Mexico |
| 2003 | 6–7 December | Queenstown, New Zealand |
| 2004 | 9 May | Madeira, Portugal |
| 2005 | 10–11 September | Gamagōri, Japan |
| 2006 | 2–3 September | Lausanne, Switzerland |
| 2007 | 30 August–2 September | Hamburg, Germany |
| 2008 | 5–8 June | Vancouver, Canada |