# Hilda Kuper

Hilda Beemer Kuper (née Beemer; 23 August 1911 – 23 April 1992) was a social anthropologist most notable for her extensive work on Swazi culture. She started studying the Swazi culture and associating with the Swaziland's royal family after she was awarded with a grant by the International African Institute of London. She studied and illustrated Swazi traditions embodied in the political vision of King Sobhuza II, who later became a close friend. King Sobhuza II personally awarded Kuper with Swazi citizenship in 1970.

## Early life and education

Born to Lithuanian Jewish and Austrian Jewish parents in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia, Kuper moved to South Africa after the death of her father. She studied at the University of the Witwatersrand and, afterwards, at the London School of Economics under Malinowski.

## Doctoral fieldwork and anthropological career

In 1934, Kuper won a fellowship from the International African Institute to study in Swaziland. In July of that year, while at an education conference in Johannesburg, she met Sobhuza II, paramount chief and later king of Swaziland. With assistance from Sobhuza and Malinowski, Kuper moved to the royal village of Lobamba and was introduced to Sobhuza's mother, the queen mother Lomawa. Here Kuper learned siSwati and pursued her fieldwork. This phase of Kuper's researches into Swazi culture culminated in the two-part dissertation, An African Aristocracy: Rank among the Swazi (1947) and The Uniform of Colour: a Study of White–Black Relationships in Swaziland (1947).
In the early 1950s, Kuper moved to Durban. During that decade, she focused her studies on the Indian community in the Natal region, as summarised in Indian People in Natal (1960). In 1953, Kuper received a senior lectureship at the University of Natal in Durban. In addition to her academic work, together with her husband, Leo Kuper, she helped to found the Liberal Party in Natal
In 1961, the Kupers moved to Los Angeles, to escape the harassment of liberals that was increasingly prevalent in apartheid South Africa, and to enable Leo to accept a professorship in sociology at UCLA. In 1963, Kuper published The Swazi: a South African Kingdom and was herself appointed professor of anthropology at UCLA. Kuper was a popular teacher, and in 1969, won a Guggenheim fellowship.
In 1978, Kuper published an extensive, official biography of Sobhuza II, King Sobhuza II, Ngwenyama and King of Swaziland.

## Awards

| Award | Awarding body | Year |
| Rivers Memorial Medal | Royal Anthropological Institute | 1961 |
| Guggenheim Fellowship | John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation | 1969 |
| Honorary doctorate | University of Swaziland | 1990 |

## Personal life

Kuper married Leo Kuper in 1936. They had two daughters, Mary and Jenny. Her nephew, Adam Kuper, is also an anthropologist.

## Publications

* An African aristocracy: rank among the Swazi. Oxford University Press. 1947.
* The uniform of colour, a study of white-black relationships in Swaziland. 1947.
* African systems of kinship and marriage. 1950.
* The Shona and Ndebele of Southern Rhodesia. 1954.
* An Ethnographic Description of a Tamil-Hindu Marriage in Durban. 1956.
* An ethnographic description of Kavady, a Hindu ceremony in South Africa. 1959.
* Indian people in Natal. 1960.
* The Swazi: a South African kingdom. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1963.
* African law: adaptation and development. 1965.
* Bite of hunger: a novel of Africa. 1965.
* Urbanization and migration in West Africa. 1965.
* A witch in my heart: a play set in Swaziland in the 1930s. 1970.
* Sobhuza II, Ngwenyama and King of Swaziland: the story of an hereditary ruler and his country. 1970.
* South Africa: human rights and genocide. 1981.