# List of Jewish diaspora languages

This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.

## Afro-Asiatic languages
### Cushitic languages

* Kayla
* Qwara

### Semitic languages
#### Arabic languages

* Judeo-Arabic
   * Judeo-Algerian Arabic
   * Judeo-Andalusi Arabic (extinct)
   * Judeo-Egyptian Arabic
   * Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
   ** Jewish Baghdadi Arabic
   * Judeo-Levantine Arabic (extinct)
   ** Judeo-Syrian Arabic
   ** Modern Judeo-Palestinian Arabic
   * Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
   * Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
   * Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
   * Judeo-Yemeni Arabic
* Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic

#### Aramaic languages

* Judeo-Aramaic
   * Hulaulá (Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
   * Jewish Palestinian Aramaic (extinct)
      * Galilean dialect (extinct)
   * Lishana Deni (Zakho Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
   * Lishan Didan (Persian Azerbaijani Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
   * Lishanid Noshan (Arbil Jewish Neo-Aramaic)

### Other Afro-Asiatic languages

* Judeo-Berber (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)

## Austronesian languages

* Judeo-Malay (extinct)

## Dravidian languages

* Judeo-Malayalam
(both written in local alphabets)

## Indo-European languages
### Germanic languages

* Jewish English Languages
* Lachoudisch (extinct)
* Lotegorisch (extinct)
* Yiddish
** Eastern Yiddish
** Western Yiddish

### Indo-Aryan languages

* Judeo-Gujarati
* Judeo-Hindustani
* Judeo-Marathi
* Judeo-Urdu

### Iranian languages

* Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik) (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of Samarkand)
* Judeo-Golpaygani (possibly extinct)
* Judeo-Hamedani (possibly extinct)
* Judeo-Kashani
* Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)
* Judeo-Shirazi
* Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)

### Romance languages

* Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)
   * Judeo-Aragonese (extinct, but have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje)
      * Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela (extinct)
   * Judeo-Asturleonese (extinct, but still have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish)
   * Judeo-French (Zarphatic): a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects (extinct)
   * Judeo-Portuguese (almost extinct, still preserved in small communities of Portugal, Northern Africa and the Netherlands) and Judeo-Galician (extinct)
   * Judeo-Provençal (extinct)
   * Judeo-Sicilian (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia, including Judeo-Salentino of Corfu) (extinct or almost extinct)

#### Occitan

* Judeo-Gascon
* Judeo-Provencal
** Judeo-Niçard

#### Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)

Source:
   * Haketia
   * Tetuani

#### Judeo-Italian

* Judeo-Ferrarese† (Giudeo-Ferrarese) in Ferrara
* Judeo-Modenese† (Giudeo-Modenese) in Modena
* Judeo-Pitigliano/ Judeo-Pitgilianese† (Giudeo-Pitigliano/ Giudeo-Pitgiliananese) in Tuscany
* Judeo-Salentinian† (Giudeo-Salentino) In Salentino
* Judeo-Resan† (Giudeo-Resab) in the region of Reggio Emilia of Emilia-Romagna
* Judeo-Torinese† (Giudeo-Torinese) in Turin
* Judeo-Italian of Lugo Di Romanga† (Giudeo-italiano di Lugo Di Romanga) in Lugo Di Romanga
* Judeo-Italian of Moncalvo† (Giudeo-italiano di Moncalvo) in Moncalvo
* Judeo-Italian of Casale Monferrato† (Giudeo-italiano di Casale Monferrato) in Casale Monferrato
* Judeo-Italian of Finale Emilia† (Giudeo-italiano di Finale Emilia) in Finale Emilia
* Judeo-Roman (Giudeo-Romanesco) in Rome
* Bagitto/Judeo-Livornese† (Bagitto/Giudeo-Livornese) in Livorno
* Judeo-Florentine† (Giudeo-Fiorentino) in Florence
* Judeo-Venetian† (Giudeo-Veneziano) in Venice
* Judeo-Triestine† (Giudeo-Triestino) in Trieste
* Judeo-Veronese† (Giudeo-Veronese) in Verona
* Judeo-Reggiano† (Giudeo-Reggiano) in Reggio Emilia
* Judeo-Piedmontese† (Giudeo-Piemontese) in the region of Piedmont
* Judeo-Mantuan† (Giudeo-Mantovano) in Mantua

### Other Indo-European languages

* Judeo-Czech (Knaanic) (extinct)
* Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic)
   * Judeo-Sicilian Greek (extinct)
* Judeo-Koiné Greek (extinct)

## Kartvelian languages

* Judeo-Georgian
* Judeo-Mingrelian (first of all — so called Zugdidi–Samurzakano dialect of Mingrelian, e.g. Bandza and Senaki Jews in Western Georgia, but the tendency is to switch to Judeo-Georgian or to standard Georgian) (almost extinct)

## Turkic languages

* Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)
* Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak) (almost extinct)
* Judeo-Turkish (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them)
* Karaim (almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces With Hebrew words)

## Creole languages

* Judaeo-Papiamento
* Judeo-Manado Malay (extinct)