OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schaffer v. Weast

Schaffer v. Weast, 546 U.S. 49 (2005), is a Supreme Court case that determined that the burden of proof belonged to whoever challenged an Individualized Education Program (IEP). Schaffer v. Weast revised the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which had introduced IEPs as a method of ensuring an individual and effective education for disabled students. Prior to Schaffer v. Weast, when any party challenged an IEP, the burden of proof was almost always placed on the respective school system.

## Question Raised

Who is assigned the burden of proof if parents or a school system decide to legally challenge an IEP?

## Decision

On November 14, 2005, the Supreme Court issued a 6-2 ruling in favor of Schaffer. After the case, Justice O’Connor stated that “If parents believe their child's IEP is inappropriate, they may request an "impartial due process hearing." §1415(f). The Act is silent, however, as to which party bears the burden of persuasion at such a hearing. We hold that the burden lies, as it typically does, on the party seeking relief.”

## Background

Jocelyn and Martin Schaffer, parents of Brian Schaffer, sued superintendent Jerry Weast and the Montgomery County Public Schools, because the Schaffer's claimed that their child was not receiving the fair and adequate education that is afforded to all students with disabilities in the United States under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (I.D.E.A.). The Schaffer family claimed that the Individualized Education Program (I.E.P.) that was created specifically for Brian – who suffers from learning disabilities and speech impairments – was not working in the best interest of their child.
The district court that heard the case presented by the Schaffer family, held that the Schaffer family was in the right and the school district needed to rectify the situation of providing the supports needed the ensure Brian received a fair and adequate education. When the Fourth Circuit court took the case on appeal, it ruled that the lower court (district court) had mistakenly put the burden of proof on the school system – to prove the student received an adequate and fair education – and that whoever claimed the education plan of the student was not working had to prove so.
# 1988 World Series of Poker

The 1988 World Series of Poker (WSOP) was a series of poker tournaments held at Binion's Horseshoe between 5 May 1988, and 21 May 1988.

## Events

There were 11 preliminary events at the 1988 World Series of Poker. Johnny Moss became the first player to win nine career bracelets. No other player would reach nine career bracelets until the 2003 WSOP.
| # | Date | Event | Entries | Winner | Prize | Runner-up | Results |
| 1 | May 5, 1988 | $1,500 Limit Hold'em | 400 | Val Carpenter (1/1) | $223,800 | Jack Keller (0/2) | Results |
| 2 | May 6, 1988 | $1,500 No Limit Hold'em | 330 | Russell Gibe (1/1) | $181,800 | Hans Lund (0/1) | Results |
| 3 | May 7, 1988 | $2,500 Pot Limit Omaha | 111 | Gilbert Gross (1/1) | $181,000 | Hugh Todd | Results |
| 4 | May 8, 1988 | $5,000 Seven Card Stud | 79 | Thor Hansen (1/1) | $158,000 | David Heyden | Results |
| 5 | May 9, 1988 | $1,000 Limit Omaha | 228 | David Helms (1/1) | $91,200 | Don Williams (0/2) | Results |
| 6 | May 10, 1988 | $1,500 Seven Card Stud Split | 206 | Lance Hilt (1/1) | $123,600 | Joe Petro | Results |
| 7 | May 11, 1988 | $500 Ladies' Seven Card Stud | 85 | Loretta Huber (1/1) | $17,000 | Ester Rossi | Results |
| 8 | May 12, 1988 | $1,500 Seven Card Stud | 217 | Merrill Hunt (1/1) | $130,200 | Johnny Moss (0/8) | Results |
| 9 | May 13, 1988 | $5,000 Deuce to Seven Draw | 38 | Seymour Leibowitz (1/1) | $157,500 | Chip Reese (0/2) | Results |
| 10 | May 14, 1988 | $1,500 Ace to Five Draw | 194 | Johnny Moss (1/9) | $116,400 | Richard Chase | Results |
| 11 | May 15, 1988 | $1,000 Seven Card Razz | 192 | Don Williams (1/3) | $76,800 | Art Youngblood | Results |
| 12 | May 16, 1988 | $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event | 167 | Johnny Chan (1/3) | $700,000 | Erik Seidel | Results |

## Main Event

There were 167 entrants to the main event on 16 May 1988. Each paid $10,000 to enter the tournament, with the top 36 players finishing in the money. The 1988 Main Event was the second consecutive World Championship for Johnny Chan. The final hand that featured Chan against Erik Seidel would be featured in the 1998 movie Rounders. Jim Bechtel made the final table and finished in sixth place. He would later win the 1993 World Series of Poker Main Event.

### Final table

| Place | Name | Prize |
| 1st | Johnny Chan | $700,000 |
| 2nd | Erik Seidel | $280,000 |
| 3rd | Ron Graham | $140,000 |
| 4th | Humberto Brenes | $77,000 |
| 5th | T. J. Cloutier | $63,000 |
| 6th | Jim Bechtel | $49,000 |

### In The Money Finishes

NB: This list is restricted to In The Money finishers with an existing Wikipedia entry.
| Place | Name | Prize |
| 9th | Jesse Alto | $21,000 |
| 15th | Jay Heimowitz | $12,500 |
| 18th | Roger Moore | $12,500 |
| 20th | Mike Hart | $10,000 |
| 23rd | Ken Flaton | $10,000 |
| 26th | Don Williams | $10,000 |
| 27th | David Sklansky | $8,750 |
| 28th | John Spadavecchia | $8,750 |
| 31st | Jack Keller | $7,500 |
| 32nd | Chip Reese | $7,500 |
| 33rd | Phil Hellmuth | $7,500 |
# Thea Feyereisen

Thea L. Feyereisen is an American airplane pilot and aerospace engineer known for her research on smart cockpit technology and aviation safety. She works for Honeywell Aerospace as a distinguished technical fellow.

## Education and career

Feyereisen is originally from Hudson, Wisconsin, and graduated from Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University in 1991.
She started working as a flight instructor in Arizona, where she became a charter member of the Yavapai Chapter of the Ninety-Nines. Next, she moved to Alaska to work as a bush pilot. She began working for Honeywell in 1995 and, returning to Embry–Riddle, earned a master's degree in aeronautical science human factors in 1999.

## Recognition

Feyereisen was named a distinguished alumna of Hudson High School (Wisconsin) in 2021. In 2023 she received the Achievement Award of the Society of Women Engineers. She was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 2024, and named to the National Academy of Engineering in 2025, "for cockpit innovations, including synthetic vision systems, runway overrun awareness, and moving maps".
# Graeme Kiddie

Graeme Kiddie (born 13 December 1970, Dundee, Scotland) is a former vegan extremest/activist, and Scotland Under 21 international rugby union player who played at Full Back or Centre.
Kiddie started his rugby career with Dundee HSFP.
He played for Edinburgh Academicals before representing the provincial Caledonia Reds side in 1997.
He played for professional side Caledonia Reds until they folded in 1998.
He played for Glasgow Warriors. He joined Glasgow for season 2000–01, but never played that season due to injury.
Kiddie played for Boroughmuir in 1999 to 2003–04, with a break when he played for Plymouth. He also played Sevens for Boroughmuir and the Royal Scots Fijians. He played in the Melrose Sevens tournament for NIG Scottish Thistles in 2002 and was in Scotland's Sevens rugby squad for the Manchester Commonwealth Games for 2002.
Kiddie was a Scotland Under 21 internationalist. He also made the Scotland Sevens international team, playing 12 matches and scoring 34 points.
He played for Plymouth Albion. He signed for Plymouth in the 2002–03 season. While with Plymouth he played for the Scottish Exiles District team.
Finally, he played rugby for Morgan Academy from 2007 to 2014. After rugby he became a Physical Education teacher at Morgan Academy, Dundee.
# St Fionnlagh's Chapel

St Fionnlagh's Chapel (St Finla's Chapel) is a ruined medieval chapel on Cara Island, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. First recorded in the 15th century, the chapel was dedicated to St Fionnlagh. The remains are protected as a category B listed building.
# Ashley Hickson-Lovence

Ashley Wayne Hickson-Lovence (born 1991) is a British author and Lecturer in Creative Writing.

## Life

Hickson-Lovence was born at Homerton University Hospital in East London and grew up in Hoxton and Holloway. He is of Saint Lucian, Grenadian and, through his paternal grandmother, a quarter Irish descent.
In 2012, Hickson-Lovence graduated from the University of Sussex with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. After receiving his Postgraduate Certificate in Education from the UCL Institute of Education in 2014, he worked as a secondary school English teacher for five years.
In 2017, he completed his Master of Arts in Creative Writing and Publishing at City, University of London part-time, while teaching. He later pursued a PhD in Creative and Critical Writing at the University of East Anglia. He is a Lecturer in Creative Writing at the Arts University Bournemouth.
In his spare time, he formally observes semi-professional referees for the Football Association.

## Works

In 2019, he published his debut novel The 392, set on a London bus travelling from Hoxton to Highbury. The narrative takes place over 36 minutes, exploring the perspectives of the passengers on a journey through gentrified London. Alice Jones, writing for Hackney Citizen, praised the realism of the novel, saying: "That's the beauty of this novel; I don't think I've ever read a book that seemed so real. And this sense of realism is underpinned by the novel's firm situation in East London; the route is signposted throughout, and locals will recognise the landmarks." Second Generation acquired the adaptation rights to The 392.
His second novel Your Show, published in 2022, is a novelisation of the professional life of Uriah Rennie, the Premier League's first and only black referee. The novel is told through a series of second-person scenes, and Anthony Cummins, writing in The Observer, praised its "freestyle poetry [...] teamed with kick-by-kick reports in this stirring novel about Uriah Rennie, the Premier League's first black match official," while Joseph Owen described it as "a percussive, breathless novel" in The Literary Review. Jonathan Lieu, writing for The Guardian's sports blog, noted the continued relevance of the novel to racialised exclusion in football and the ongoing abuse of referees. For Lieu, "the most affecting of the novel are the stuff we know happened".
Hickson-Lovence is currently writing his third novel, About to Fall Apart.
# Campo de Algirós

The Campo de Algirós was a football stadium in the city of Valencia, Spain, located in the neighborhood of Algirós. It served as the first home ground of Valencia CF between 1919 and 1923.

## History
### Origins

In its first years, Valencia lacked a playing field, so the club played its first matches on a vacant plot of land in the Algirós neighborhood, positioned between the Aragón station and the Guardia Civil barracks of the Algirós road (now non-existent), which measures 91 x 47 meters and which was not fenced and whose earth only lightly covered the gravel. Eventually, Octavio Milego, the first president of the club, and Gonzalo Medina, secured a lease for this area from its owner, Eugenio Miquel, for 100 pesetas per month.
Once leased, however, the Valencian Football Federation did not allow matches to be played there until it was fenced, so Medina made an anonymous donation worth 25,000 pesetas, an amount that he had originally saved for his wedding that he had to postpone, and this donation was then used to prepare and fence the land as well as build the lockers and other maintenance issues. Its first stands could accommodate a maximum of 5,000 fans, but it soon became too small and was expanded to 8,000.

### Golden years

The official inauguration of the stadium took place on 7 December 1919, with a match against Castalia from Castellón, which ended in a scoreless draw, so a rematch was held two days later, in which Valencia claimed a 1–0 victory thanks to a goal from Eduardo Cubells, who was making his debut, and who went on to become one of the club's greats. Little by little, the local population began going to Algirós and gathering on the stadium to watch this curious sport, which soon gained followers among the local youth, with tickets costing 25 cents, and its proceedings soon became enough to cover the expenses. Algirós thus played a crucial role in helping Valencia establish itself as the most dominant team in its region within just a few years of its foundation.
On 19 November 1922, the Algirós hosted the official debut of the Valencian football team, which came against the South in the quarter-finals of the 1922–23 Prince of Asturias Cup, an official tournament organised by RFEF; Valencia lost 1–2, with Cubells being the author of the first goal in the history of the team.
In 1923, Valencia won its first regional championship, which qualified them for the 1923 Copa del Rey for the first time, and thus, on 25 march of that year, Algirós hosted its first Copa del Rey match in the quarterfinals between Valencia and Sporting Gijón, which ended in a 1–0 local victory thanks to a late goal from Montes; however, Algirós was unable to repeat the feat in the semifinals because Valencia then lost to Gijón 6–1 in the second leg.

### Decline and collapse

Algirós kept hosting the club's matches until 1923, when the club started playing at the Mestalla Stadium.

## Legacy

At the initiative of the group Últimes Vesprades a Mestalla, a plaque was placed on the site where Algirós stood between 1919 and 1923, with Guillermo Medina, grandson of Gonzalo Medina, dedicating some emotional words at the event.
# Ebrahim Al-Khattal

Ebrahim Mubarak Ebrahim Mubarak Isa Al-Khattal (Arabic: إِبْرَاهِيم مُبَارَك إِبْرَاهِيم مُبَارَك عِيسَى الْخَتَال; born 19 September 2000) is a Bahraini professional footballer who plays as a attacking midfielder for Al-Ahli Club, and the Bahrain national team.

## Career

Al-Khattal began his senior career in the Bahrain Second Division with Qalali Club in 2018. He spent the 2020–21 season on loan with the newly established team Al-Khaldiya. In January 2022, he moved to the Bahraini Premier League club Al-Ahli Club on a 5-year contract, and helped them win the 2022–23 Bahrain FA Cup.

## International

Al-Khattal debuted for the Bahrain national team in a 3–1 friendly win over Uganda on 27 January 2022. He was called up for the 25th Arabian Gulf Cup in 2023. He was called up to the national team for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup, where he was the youngest Bahraini player in the squad.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Bahrain's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 27 January 2022 | Bahrain National Stadium, Riffa, Bahrain | Uganda | 2–1 | 3–1 | Friendly |
| 2. | 31 May 2022 | BG Stadium, Thanyaburi, Thailand | Thailand | 1–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 3. | 17 October 2023 | Al Muharraq Stadium, Arad, Bahrain | Philippines | 1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly |
| 4. | 21 March 2024 | Bahrain National Stadium, Riffa, Bahrain | Nepal | 4–0 | 5–0 | 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification |

## Honours
### Al-Hidd

* Bahraini FA Cup: 2022–23
# Muhammad Sa'id Pasha Shamdin

Muhammad Sa'id Pasha Shamdin (died 1900), also known as Muhammad Sa'id Agha Shamdin, was an Ottoman military official of the Syria Vilayet, best known for being the amir al-hajj (commander of the Hajj pilgrim caravan to Mecca) for 20 years.

## Military career

Muhammad Sa'id was a son of Shamdin Agha (d. 1860), a Kurdish irregular cavalry commander in Damascus under the provincial government. They belonged to the Shamdin-Yusuf, the strongest Kurdish clan of 19th-century Damascus.
In March 1844, the Damascus Provincial Council appointed Muhammad Sa'id to command an expedition to Jabal Ajlun, a mountainous region in the province's hinterland where government authority was weak. The purpose of the expedition was to assert government rule and secure the administrative center of Irbid against the Bedouin tribes, which wielded more influence in the district and historically imposed their own taxes on the inhabitants. The mission evidently failed.
In 1859, after the irregular garrisons of Damascus were disbanded by government order, Muhammad Sa'id was appointed to a newly-formed Kurdish auxiliary corps. During the 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, Muhammad Sa'id failed to prevent his Kurdish irregulars from joining in a wide-scale massacre of Christians in the city's Bab Tuma quarter. As punishment, the imperial government exiled him to Mosul. There, he helped bring order to the city and was rewarded by a pardon from the sultan, who allowed him to return to Damascus. He was appointed the sanjakbey of Hauran, taking over from another Kurdish officer, Ahmad Yusuf Pasha. He soon after replaced Ahmad's brother Muhammad Yusuf Pasha as amir al-hajj (commander of the annual Hajj pilgrim caravan to Mecca), beginning in the late 1860s. He would hold that post for twenty years.

## Wealth and legacy

Muhammad accumulated significant wealth in his capacity as amir al-hajj and invested considerable sums acquiring numerous villages and farms in the Ghouta oasis of Damascus, which became part of a Shamdin family endowment, and several tracts in the Hauran plains and the Golan Heights area. Among the villages he acquired were Tell al-Jukhadar and Saham al-Jawlan, the latter of which he purchased cheap and sold at a significant profit to a Jewish colonization group. His wealth was such that by the 1890s he was known to own more property in the Damascus Vilayet than any other individual.
Muhammad's wealth was inherited by the son of his only daughter (and only child), Abd al-Rahman Yusuf, who married into the Yusuf family. Abd al-Rahman became the amir al-hajj in 1892 and after his grandfather's death inherited his lands and fortune.
# Ougapia

Ougapia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Rhytididae.

## Species

Species within the genus Ougapia include:
* Ougapia spaldingi
# List of Men's Tennis Academic All-America Team Members of the Year

The Men's Tennis Academic All-America Team Member of the Year is the annual most outstanding singular college tennis athlete of the set of male tennis athletes selected for the Academic All-America Teams in a given year.

## Four-division era (2023–present)

Key :
| † | Indicates winners of the all-sports Academic All-America award. |
All winners are American unless indicated otherwise.
Men's Tennis Academic All-America Team Members of the Year (2023–present) :
| Year | Div. I Winner | School | School | Div. II Winner | School | School | Div. III Winner | School | School | College/NAIA Winner | School | School |
| 2023 | Sebastien Collard | | South Alabama | Cedric Drenth | | Wayne State | Nick Aney | | Gustavus Adolphus | Martin Muller | | Cumberlands |
| 2024 | Eliot Spizzirri | | Texas | Marko Jovanovic | | Adelphi | Kailas Kahler | | MIT | Charly Zick | | Georgia Gwinnett |
# Ramesh Parambath

Ramesh Parambath (born 23 May 1961) is an Indian politician and a member of the 15th Puducherry Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Indian National Congress representingMahe constituency.

## Political career

Parambath started his political life as a member of the Kerala Students Union. He was the unit president of the KSU at Mahatma Gandhi Govt Arts College Mahe. He was elected as the Chairman of the College Union of Mahatma Gandhi Govt Arts College Mahe, for two consecutive terms during 1984-85 and 1985-86. He became the President of Mahe Regional Youth Congress Committee during 1989 to 1997. He was also the member of Puducherry DCC. He was elected as the Municipal Chairman of Mahe Municipal Council from 2006 to 2011. Currently he is the President of Block Congress Committee, Mahe region.
In the 2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election, he regained the Mahe Assembly Constituency for the Congress in a tight race by defeating LDF independent N. Haridasan Master.

## Personal life

Ramesh was born at Palloor on 23 May 1961 to Parambath Kannan and K. Bharathy. He is a B.Com graduate. He is married to Sayana and the couple have two sons Yadhukul Parambath and Anand Ram.
# 2019–20 Indian Super League playoffs

The 2019–20 Indian Super League playoffs was sixth playoffs series in the Indian Super League, one of the top Indian professional football leagues. The playoffs began in March 2020 and concluded with the final in March 2020 in Goa.
The top four teams from the 2019–20 ISL regular season had qualified for the playoffs. The semi-finals took place over two legs while the final was a one-off match at the Fatorda Stadium.

## Season table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Goa (L) | 18 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 46 | 23 | +23 | 39 | Qualification for 2021 AFC Champions League group stage and ISL playoffs |
| 2 | ATK (C) | 18 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 33 | 16 | +17 | 34 | Advance to ISL playoffs |
| 3 | Bengaluru | 18 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 22 | 13 | +9 | 30 | Qualification for 2021 AFC Cup play-off round and ISL playoffs |
| 4 | Chennaiyin | 18 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 32 | 26 | +6 | 29 | Advance to ISL playoffs |
| 5 | Mumbai City | 18 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 25 | 29 | −4 | 26 | |
| 6 | Odisha | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 28 | 31 | −3 | 25 | |
| 7 | Kerala Blasters | 18 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 29 | 32 | −3 | 19 | |
| 8 | Jamshedpur | 18 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 22 | 35 | −13 | 18 | |
| 9 | NorthEast United | 18 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 30 | −14 | 14 | |
| 10 | Hyderabad | 18 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 21 | 39 | −18 | 10 | |
* ^ Note 1: Originally, Mohun Bagan, the 2019–20 I-League champions (they were already assured of the title before the league was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India), would qualify as India 2 (2021 AFC Cup group stage), and ATK, the 2019–20 Indian Super League playoffs winners, would qualify as India 3 (2021 AFC Cup qualifying play-offs). However, ATK owners KGSPL ceased their football operation and bought majority stakes in Mohun Bagan FC (India) Private Limited and rebranded Mohun Bagan football team as ATK Mohun Bagan FC from the 2020–21 Indian Super League season which qualified as India 2 in 2021 AFC club competition. The All India Football Federation decided that Bengaluru FC, the 2019–20 Indian Super League regular season 3rd place (behind FC Goa, which qualified for the 2021 AFC Champions League, and ATK), will qualify as India 3.

## Teams

* FC Goa
* ATK
* Bengaluru FC
* Chennaiyin FC

## Playoffs stage
### Bracket

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Goa | 1 | 4 | 5 | | | |
| 4 | Chennaiyin | 4 | 2 | 6 | | | |
| 4 | Chennaiyin | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | Chennaiyin | 1 |
| | | | | | 2 | ATK | 3 |
| 2 | ATK | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | ATK | 3 |
| 3 | Bengaluru | 1 | 1 | 2 | | | |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Chennaiyin | 6–5 | Goa | 4–1 | 2–4 |
| Bengaluru | 2–3 | ATK | 1–0 | 1–3 |

#### Leg 2

Chennaiyin won 6–5 on aggregate
ATK won 3–2 on aggregate

### Final

Owing to COVID-19 pandemic in India the final was played behind closed doors.