OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Red Uno La Paz

Red Uno La Paz is the Red Uno owned-and-operated station for the city of La Paz, capital of Bolivia. The station operates on VHF channel 11 (digital channel 42, PSIP 11.1) and is an affiliate of Red Uno de Bolivia.

## History

The station started broadcasting as an independent station, Teleandina, on July 1, 1985, with broadcasts from Monday to Friday at 6:00 p.m. and on weekends at 5:00 pm., being owned by brothers Mario and Hugo Roncal. At the time the channel broadcast pirated content from other countries, a recurrent practice in early private television stations. Back then, filmmaker Hugo Roncal was the channel's general manager. In 1987 the transmitting antenna changed and Teveandina expanded its broadcast schedules starting at 11:00 a.m. from Monday to Friday and at 6:00 a.m. on Sundays. Teleandina's studio was located in the center of the city and they moved to Miraflores first and to Sopocachi at the end of the 1980s, thus broadcasting regularly since November 24, 1988, months after the station was legalized, on May 6.
Before adopting the Red Uno branding, Teleandina broadcast on channel 11 in Oruro, 13 in Santa Cruz, 6 (later 9) in Cochabamba (channel 2 CCA Corazón de América is relayed some programs of its programs), 11 in La Paz and had repeater stations throughout the country.
On February 21, 2022, Red Uno La Paz inaugurated its studios in the adjacent city of El Alto.
# Shenandoah (beard)

A Shenandoah, also known as an Amish beard, a chin curtain, a Donegal, a Lincoln, a spade beard, or a whaler, is a style of facial hair.

## Description

The hair is grown full and long over the jaw and chin, meeting the sideburns, while the hair above the mouth is shaved. Depending on the style, there are subtle differences in the shape, size, and general manageability. The chin curtain is a particular style that grows along the jawline and covers the chin completely. This is not to be confused with the chinstrap beard—a similar style of beard that also grows along the jawline but does not fully cover the chin. In addition, many chin curtain beards do not extend far below the jawline, if at all, whereas chinstrap beards generally do. The Shenandoah tends to be somewhat longer than the chin curtain.

## Cultural and religious use

This facial hair style is popular among followers of certain sects of Islam, as they believe it is how the Islamic prophet Muhammad wore his beard, citing the relevant hadith compiled by Muhammad al-Bukhari, "Cut the mustaches short and leave the beard".
In the United States, this beard style is common among married Amish men. Male members of the sect generally grow a beard after baptism, but shave the mustache off.

## Gallery

* Abraham Lincoln wearing a chin curtain beard.
* An Amish man with a Shenandoah beard.
* Vadim Chernobrov wearing a beard.
* Finnish entertainer Spede Pasanen wearing a shenandoah.
* Jehowah's Witnesses founder, Charles Taze Russell, wearing a shenandoah
# 168 Film Project

The 168 Film Project is a Christian film festival. Worldwide, over 1500 short films have been produced for the competition since 2003.

## History

Founded by John David Ware in 2003, the 168 Film Project started with 13 entries in its inaugural event in Burbank, California. In 2009, 168 added "Write of Passage," a mentored screenwriting competition in which writers worldwide produce a short film script in one week. In 2022, 168 moved its festival location to Fayetteville, Georgia. 168 is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation. The 168 Film Festival has private premiered many exciting films, including Sony's "Risen" with Joseph Finnes (2016) and "Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Spy, Assassin," (2024) distributed by 168 Sponsor Angel Studios.
Hollywood Participants include Zachary Levi, (Shazam I&II, American Underdog); Candice Cameron Bure (Full House); Academy Award Winner, Louis Gossett Jr; 4X Emmy- Winner Michael Learned (The Waltons); Max Gail (Barney Miller); Actor/Director, Corbin Bernsen (Major League I & II, Psych); Actor/Director Kevin Sorbo (Let There Be Light, Hercules); T.C. Stallings (War Room, Unbridled); Howard Kazanjian, Producer (Raiders of the Lost Ark, Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, Empire Strikes Back); Ralph Winter, Producer (X-MEN, FANTASTIC 4, Star Trek); David McFadzean, Co-Creator (Home Improvement).
Past 168 sponsors include Sony BPG, Sony Pictures, Canon, Arri, Canon, Sony BPC, Sony Affirm, Panasonic, Kino Flo, Roland, Panavision, Regent & Biola Universities, Church Production and Worship Technology Magazines.
# Kelly Russell (musician)

Kelly Russell (born 30 June 1956) is a Canadian fiddle player and founding member of Newfoundland musical groups Figgy Duff and the Wonderful Grand Band. He is known for having worked closely with fellow Newfoundland fiddle players Émile Benoît and Rufus Guinchard and has collected over 500 traditional tunes unique to Newfoundland and Labrador. He is a recipient of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal and was named as a Member of the Order of Canada. Russell is the son of famed Newfoundland writer and politician, Ted Russell, and Dora Oake Russell. His sister, Elizabeth Miller is an academic.
Russell was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Memorial University of Newfoundland in October 2021 for his contributions to Newfoundland music.
# Malik Jawad Hussain

Jawad Hussain is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 till January 2023. Previously he was a member of the National Assembly from 2008 to 2013.

## Political career

He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Constituency NA-39 (Tribal Area-IV) as an independent candidate of in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 21,844 votes and defeated an independent candidate, Gul Karim Khan.
He joined Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in 2013.
He ran for the seat of the National Assembly from Constituency NA-39 (Tribal Area-IV) as a candidate of PPP in 2013 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 7,547 votes and lost the seat to Ghazi Ghulab Jamal.
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) from Constituency NA-47 (Tribal Area-VIII) in 2018 Pakistani general election. He received 11,102 votes and defeated Qasim Gul, a candidate of Jamiat Ulema-e Islam (F).
On 19 May 2023, he left the PTI due to the 2023 Pakistani protests. He later re-joined the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) on 2 June 2023.
# Dan Hoerner

Dan Hoerner (born May 13, 1969) is an American guitarist, vocalist and author. He is known for being the lead guitarist and backing vocalist of the Seattle-based band Sunny Day Real Estate.

## Music career

Hoerner was a fan of hardcore punk and post-hardcore bands, and decided to become a musician after attending a concert of Fugazi. Hoerner became the housemate of bassist Nate Mendel while attending the University of Washington, and they formed the band which would later become Sunny Day Real Estate. After being joined by drummer William Goldsmith, they started the band Empty Set. After the band recorded a two song demo, they changed their name to Chewbacca Kaboom, and band recorded a six song demo under that name. Later, the band once again changed their name to One Day I Stopped Breathing. Finally, the band settled on the name Sunny Day Real Estate.
From the band's founding as Empty Set until after releasing the songs "Flatland Spider" and "The Onlies" as Sunny Day Real Estate, Dan Hoerner was the band's lead vocalist as well as rhythm guitarist and keyboardist. Jeremy Enigk eventually took over on lead vocals from Dan Hoerner. However, Dan continued to supply back up vocals, as well as performing as the band's lead guitarist.
After releasing two albums, the group disbanded. During this time, Hoerner had moved to a farm in rural Washington. The group reformed in 1998 (minus original bassist Nate Mendel, now of Foo Fighters, in this time, Enigk moved to the bass), releasing two more albums before disbanding again.
Three original members of Sunny Day Real Estate had a quasi-reunion in the early 2000s as The Fire Theft. Hoerner was not involved.
In June 2009, it was confirmed that Sunny Day Real Estate would be reuniting once again, and the band toured extensively in the U.S.A, playing on the Jimmy Fallon Show, as well as playing shows in Barcelona and London.
In 2014, Hoerner revived The Big Dipper, a historic live music venue in Spokane, WA. The venue is presently open, and hosts music a wide range of music including heavy metal, EDM, jazz, indie, and punk.
Hoerner can be heard on the EP So Impossible by Dashboard Confessional.
Hoerner also scored a short film by Rohit Colin Rao called "Someone and Someone, Inc."

## Author

Dan authored a book, The Little Monkey Chronicles, ISBN 0-9707273-0-5, a collection of short stories illustrated by Chris Thompson and published by Clearly the Underdog Publishing. In addition, in 1999 Hoerner and John Despirito co-founded the now defunct online art community called The Art Conspiracy. The Art Conspiracy was an early social media platform that contained many elements later incorporated into sites like Myspace and Facebook. At its peak, The Art Conspiracy hosted more than 500,000 users.
# Lonsdale Boys Club

Lonsdale Boys Club (often abbreviated to the initialism 'LBC') are a 3 piece rock band from London, England. Their sound has been described as a "fusion of disco funk, rock, soul and a little bit of 90’s Brit Pop". When playing live they are often accompanied by 2 or more session musicians. The band name is derived from the road in West London on which they built their own recording studio together.
On 13 July 2011 the band played to a 1000-plus crowd at the Music Week Breakout event at Proud Galleries in Camden. During the performance the band announced that they had signed to Gary Barlow's Future Records imprint through Universal and will be releasing music through Island Records. The band are currently finishing their debut album which is scheduled for release in 2012.
After successful early support slots for Neon Trees, The Kooks, One Night Only and The Ting Tings, LBC went on to pick up many fans when they performed as main support for Olly Murs throughout his 2012 UK arena tour.
The band have also received considerable support from SBTV, having been given their own series of ongoing acoustic collaborations with other artists, dubbed the 'LBC Jam Sessions'. These have seen them work with artists such as Wretch 32, Yasmin, Lowkey and Sway. It has also been announced that the band will support Jessie J in her slot at the 2012 iTunes Festival.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title |
| 2012 | Light Me Up |
# Kitamura Hajime

Kitamura Hajime (北村甫, 1923–2004) was a Japanese linguist who particularly focused on the Lhasa dialect of Tibetan. He published both a grammar and a dictionary of Lhasa Tibetan. He was employed at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies at the Institute of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.

## Works

* Kitamura, Hajime (1960) チベット文字轉寫とチベット語表記
* Kitamura, Hajime (1964). Gendai Chibettogo kōgo nyūmon tekisuto (sōan). Yunesuko Higashi Ajia Bunka Kenkyū Sentā, Tōyō Bunko.
* Kitamura, Hajime (1969) 『五体清文鑑』 のチベット語について: 中間報告
* Kitamura, Hajime (1974). Gendai Chibettogo no hatsuon. (Pronunciation of Modern Tibetan) ILCAA, 1974.
* Kitamura, Hajime (1974). Chibetto moji nyumon. (Introduction to Tibetan Scripts) ILCAA, 1974.
* Kitamura, Hajime (1974). Gendai Chibettogo no kaiwa. (Conversation of Modern Tibetan) ILCAA, 1974
* Kitamura, Hajime (1975). "The Honorifics in Tibetan." Acta Asiatica 29: 56-74.
* Kitamura, Hajime (1975) 現代チベット語の研修について (昭和 49 年度言語研修報告)
* Kitamura, Hajime (1977). Tibetan: Lhasa Dialect. Tokyo: Asia Africa Gengo Bunka Kenkyūjo, Tokyo Gaikokugo Daigaku.
* Kitamura, Hajime (1981) 日本学術振興会言語学訪中団報告
* Kitamura, Hajime (1990). 現代チベット語分類辞典
# Nivaldo Díaz

Nivaldo Nadhir Díaz Gómez (born 24 March 1994) is a Cuban beach volleyball player.
Díaz competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the men's beach volleyball tournament.
# Breiðholt

Breiðholt (Icelandic pronunciation:) is a southeastern district of Reykjavík, Iceland. It includes three neighbourhoods: Neðra-Breiðholt (Bakkar, Mjódd and Stekkir), Efra-Breiðholt (Hólar, Berg and Fell) and Seljahverfi (Sel). It is one of the largest districts in Reykjavík, with a population of around 20,000.
The neighborhood has the highest amount of foreign-born residents of any in Reykjavík.

## History

Breiðholt was originally a farm, first mentioned in the 10th century, in recent times a small village. From the end of World War II to 1960, the population of Reykjavík grew from 46,578 to 72,270. Inadequate housing had been a significant problem, forcing many families to live in the cold, frail barracks that the British and American armies had left behind. In 1965, Breiðholt was mostly an outer boundary to the inhabited areas of Reykjavík.
During the 1960s, Reykjavík underwent an unprecedented boom period, and in 1962 work began implementing zoning plans for all of Reykjavík, lasting until 1983, and Italian architect Aldo Rossi was influential in the development. Due to population pressure in the 1960s, development plans were published for Breiðholt in 1966 in the hills east of the city, with the idea of building single-family houses and low-priced apartment buildings mixed together. Breiðholt was divided into three smaller neighborhoods. The first part (lower Breiðholt) arose between 1966–1973, the second in 1980 and the third in 1985. In 1999, Breiðholt was the highest populated area in Reykjavik with 22,030 inhabitants, but as of 2012 the population had fallen to 20,546.
The film Children is set in this suburb of the Icelandic capital, and portrays a grittiness which is in "stark contrast to the tourist-friendly portrayal of Reykjavík."

## Landmarks

The district contains a large school which serves the wider area and has a significant foreign population and several colleges and other schools which have sprung up in recent times, and it also contains the 25 metre Breiðholtslaug leisure pool, the Landsbankinn building, and the SAMfilms studios next to it. To the southeast is Lake Elliðavatn, fed by the Elliðaár river which flows through the district, and to the east is Lake Rauðavatn.
# Zirbandad

Zirbandad (Persian: زیربانداد) is a village in, and the capital of, Zirbandad Rural District of the Central District of Lashar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 775 in 162 households, when it was in Lashar-e Shomali Rural District of Lashar District in Nik Shahr County. The following census in 2011 counted 948 people in 235 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,158 people in 264 households.
After the census, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Lashar County and renamed the Central District. Zirbandar was transferred to Zirbandar Rural District created in the district.
# Ludbreg

Ludbreg is a town in Croatia, located halfway between Varaždin and Koprivnica near the river Drava. It has 3,603 inhabitants, and a total of 8,478 in the entire municipality (census 2011).

## History

For centuries Ludbreg has been a popular place of pilgrimage. In 1320 the city was mentioned for the first time as Castrum Ludbreg, when owned by Hungarian noble Nicholas Ludbregi. The name of the town comes probably from a crusader named Lobring, who founded the settlement. The renovated Castle of Batthyány is home to a well-known restoration workshop. Ludbreg is also a region of vineyard cultivation (especially Riesling and Graševina).
The town gained fame after the eucharistic miracle, which happened in the castle chapel in 1411 and was investigated and confirmed by Pope Leo X in 1513.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ludbreg was a district capital in Varaždin County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.
On 24 April 1932, the town saw a protest that was one of the earliest open acts of resistance against the 6 January Dictatorship.

## Climate

Since records began in 1981, the highest temperature recorded at the local weather station was 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), on 24 August 2012. The coldest temperature was −26.6 °C (−15.9 °F), on 8 January 1985.

## Municipality

The following settlements comprise the Ludberg municipality:
* Apatija, population 250
* Bolfan, population 413
* Čukovec, population 322
* Globočec Ludbreški, population 491
* Hrastovsko, population 760
* Kućan Ludbreški, population 186
* Ludbreg, population 3,603
* Segovina, population 37
* Selnik, population 844
* Sigetec Ludbreški, population 667
* Slokovec, population 257
* Vinogradi Ludbreški, population 648

## Population

* v

## Notable people

* Rudolf Fizir (1891–1960), airplane constructor
* Mladen Kerstner (1928–1991), writer
* Dubravka Krušelj Jurković (born 1972), opera singer
* Tomislav Mužek (born 1976), opera singer
* Vladimir Filipović (1906–1984), philosopher
* Sara Kolak (born 1995), javelin thrower
* Mladen Pavković [hr] (born 1951)
# Kelly Kwalik

Kelly Kwalik (1955 – December 16, 2009) was a senior separatist leader and military commander with the Free Papua Movement (OPM), a separatist organization based in Indonesia's Papua Province.

## Papua conflict

Kwalik, a known separatist, had been on Indonesia's most wanted list for years. Indonesian police had accused Kwalik of being responsible for a series of shooting incidents and attacks targeting the United States mining company, Freeport-McMoRan, which operates large copper and gold mines on Papua Province. In a 2009 meeting with the police, Kwalik repeatedly denied responsibility for the attacks.

### Mapenduma hostage crisis

Kwalik's name gained international attention when on January 8, 1996, he and his militia held 26 members of Lorentz Expedition 95, consisting of both Indonesian and international citizens, which resulted in hostage crisis that lasted 5 months and the deaths of two of the hostages in Operation Mapenduma Hostage Liberation by Indonesian military special forces, Kopassus, led by commander Prabowo Subianto. This string of events also led to the 1996 Timika shooting incident in 1996 that killed 16 people on Timika Airport.

## Death

On December 16, 2009, Kwalik was shot in a police raid on one of his hideouts in the Gorong-Gorong neighborhood of Timika. Police claimed Kwalik was armed when he was shot while trying to flee. Kwalik died at a hospital in Timika.
Kwalik's body was laid in state at the Mimika Legislative Council building. His coffin was draped in a Morning Star flag but police rejected a request by Kwalik's family and supporters to fly the banned flag at his funeral. Kwalik's Catholic funeral mass was officiated by Bishop John Philip Saklil of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Timika. He was buried in Timika.
Following Kwalik's death, the Free Papua Movement (OPM) in January 2010 appointed Jeck Kemong as the new Supreme Commander of its military wing, the West Papua National Liberation Army (TPNPB) and regional commander of Nemangkawi.
According to Undius Kogoya, the leader of the OPM/TPNPB Intan Jaya faction, and Sebby Sambom, the spokesperson of OPM, after killing Joni Botak, the leader of the OPM/TPNPB Kalikopi faction, and Olem Uamang, his adjutant in 2023, both were Indonesian spies who were involved in the death of Kelly Kwalik.
# Warburg hypothesis

The Warburg hypothesis (/ˈvɑːrbʊərɡ/,), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of carcinogenesis (cancer formation) is insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult (damage) to mitochondria. The Warburg effect, on the other hand, describes the observation that cancer cells, and many cells grown in vitro, exhibit glucose fermentation even when enough oxygen is present to properly respire. In other words, instead of fully respiring in the presence of adequate oxygen, cancer cells ferment. The Warburg hypothesis is that the Warburg effect is the root cause of cancer.

## Hypothesis

The hypothesis was postulated by the Nobel laureate Otto Heinrich Warburg in 1924. He hypothesized that cancer, malignant growth, and tumor growth are caused by the fact that tumor cells mainly generate energy (as e.g., adenosine triphosphate / ATP) by non-oxidative breakdown of glucose (a process called glycolysis). This is in contrast to healthy cells which mainly generate energy from oxidative breakdown of pyruvate. Pyruvate is an end-product of glycolysis, and is oxidized within the mitochondria. Hence, according to Warburg, carcinogenesis stems from the lowering of mitochondrial respiration. Warburg regarded the fundamental difference between normal and cancerous cells to be the ratio of glycolysis to respiration; this observation is also known as the Warburg effect.
In the somatic mutation theory of cancer, malignant proliferation is caused by mutations and altered gene expression, in a process called malignant transformation, resulting in an uncontrolled growth of cells. The metabolic difference observed by Warburg adapts cancer cells to the hypoxic (oxygen-deficient) conditions inside solid tumors, and results largely from the same mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that cause the other abnormal characteristics of cancer cells. Therefore, the metabolic change observed by Warburg is not so much the cause of cancer, as he claimed, but rather, it is one of the characteristic effects of cancer-causing mutations.
Warburg articulated his hypothesis in a paper entitled The Prime Cause and Prevention of Cancer which he presented in lecture at the meeting of the Nobel-Laureates on June 30, 1966 at Lindau, Lake Constance, Germany. In this speech, Warburg presented additional evidence supporting his theory that the elevated anaerobiosis seen in cancer cells was a consequence of damaged or insufficient respiration. Put in his own words, "the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar."
The body often kills damaged cells by apoptosis, a mechanism of self-destruction that involves mitochondria, but this mechanism fails in cancer cells where the mitochondria are shut down. The reactivation of mitochondria in cancer cells restarts their apoptosis program.
# 63rd Street station (SEPTA Metro)

The 63rd Street station is an elevated rapid transit station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, served by the SEPTA Metro L. Located at the intersection of 63rd and Market Streets in the Haddington neighborhood of West Philadelphia, it is the westernmost stop on the line within the Philadelphia city limits.
This station is also served by SEPTA bus routes 21 and 31. The station is also the northern terminus of the Cobbs Creek Trail.

## History

The 63rd Street station is one of the original Market Street Elevated stations built by the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company; the line opened for service on March 4, 1907 between 69th Street and 15th Street stations.
The station was closed on June 13, 2008, for rehabilitation as part of a multi-phase reconstruction of the entire western Market Street Elevated.
Renovations to this station included the installation of new elevators, escalators and lighting, as well as other infrastructure improvements. A new brick station house was also added. The station reopened on May 4, 2009. The project resulted in the station becoming compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

## Station layout

There are two side platforms connecting to a station house on the southeast corner of 63rd and Market streets. There are also three exit-only staircases; two descend to the west side of 63rd Street and one to the northwest corner of Market and Felton streets.
Unlike other stations along the western elevated portion of the line, the corridor between the station house and the westbound platform is above the tracks rather than below.