# San Pedro de Macorís

San Pedro de Macorís is a city and municipality (municipio) in the Dominican Republic. The capital of its eponymous province in the east region of the country, it is among the ten largest cities of the Dominican Republic. The city has approximately 217,000 inhabitants, when including the whole municipality. As a provincial capital, it houses the Universidad Central del Este. San Pedro de Macorís is also well known for producing professional baseball players at an exceptionally high per capita rate.

## Name

The name San Pedro came before that of Macorís. There are three versions regarding the origin of the name: the first attributes it to the fact that there is a San Pedro Beach in the city port; the second sees it as a tribute to General Pedro Santana, who was president at the time; and the third simply said it was in order to distinguish it from San Francisco de Macorís, a city in the north.
San Pedro de Macorís has been poetically referred to as "Macorís of the Sea" and "the Sultana of the East", and many call it the "Capital of the East".

## History

The city was established in 1822 on the western margin of the Higuamo River as a result of the immigration of settlers from the eastern part of Santo Domingo. In the year 1846, at the request of the inhabitants of the place called Macorix, the Conservative Council decided to declare the place as a military post. At that time, Macoris belonged to the province of Seybo, being made up of three communes: Seybo as the head municipality, Higüey and Samaná.
After 1840, the inhabitants moved from the western margin of the Higuamo to the eastern margin, where the city of San Pedro de Macorís was born, becoming one of the most productive cities of the Dominican Republic. The population was gradually increasing, dedicating itself to the production of provisions, and the quantities that reached the port of the capital in the boats of Macoris in the years 1868 to 1875, which were baptized there to the old fishermen's abode, were so great. the name of Macoris de los Plátanos.
In 1852 Macorix is elevated to military port, this time depending on the common Hato Mayor, being Norman Maldonado his first commander in arms. In 1957 the constitutional mayorship was established and its first mayor was Juan María Pinto. On October 1, 1856, the first Catholic church was founded by Father Pedro Carrasco Capeller, a native of San José de los Llanos, who came to officiate Mass from Hato Mayor. The name San Pedro de Macoris was born in 1858 at the suggestion of the presbytery Elías González, who suggested placing Macorís first, "San Pedro" and removing the x so that San Pedro de Macorís would sound, with its patron saint, Pedro Pedro. This is where the patron saint festivities are born, starting on June 22 and ending on the 29th of the same month
San Pedro de Macoris experienced a significant wave of migration in the late 19th century from Cubans who were fleeing their country's War of Independence. They brought their extensive sugar cane farming knowledge and contributed to making the sugar industry the most important economic activity in the area. San Pedro de Macorís reached its peak during the first quarter of the 20th century, when its sugar production enjoyed high prices on the international market as a result of the First World War. Many Europeans also settled in the city, making it a very cosmopolitan urban center. Pan American flew its seaplanes in regularly (Eastern Macorís has the privilege of being the first Dominican city to receive seaplanes, in its Higuamo River), at a time when this port enjoyed more commercial activity than the capital city of Santo Domingo. The next economic boom resulted in the recruitment of a large number of Afro-Caribbean workers from the Lesser Antilles. These workers and their descendants would soon comprise the majority of the population in the city and are known as the "Cocolos of San Pedro de Macoris."
San Pedro de Macorís pioneered many areas such as the first firefighting corps, the first national baseball championship, the first town to have telephone and telegraph centers, the first racetrack and the first boxing coliseum, among others. The first sugar factory was founded by Juan Amechazurra, milling for the first time on January 9, 1879. By 1894 there were many factories in the province that reached a high level of progress. The rapid industrial development placed the young city among the main ones of the Republic. The intellectual culture surged at the same pace with schools and the press; among the first newspapers were "Las Novedades", "Boletín", "La Locomotora" and "El Cable."

## Culture

Some of the distinguished poets from San Pedro de Macorís include René del Risco, Pedro Mir, who held the title of National Poet; Esterbina Matos, Ludín Lugo, Juan Brayan and Mateo Robinson, among others.
In regards to drinks, Macorís produces the "Guavaberry", a drink based on the araijan fruit, which is consumed during Christmas and has a sweet taste, not unlike a wine. It is frequently consumed in rum as an infusion. Although the species grew in Hispaniola already its use was introduced and spread by immigrants from the Eastern Caribbean where colonists had discovered it as a substitute for myrtleberry-infused schnapps.
The people of San Pedro de Macorís also enjoy gathering in the Malecon, an avenue for drinking and enjoying music.

### City church of San Pedro de Macoris
## Climate

San Pedro de Macorís has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) with consistently hot temperatures and a dry season from January to March.
Climate data for San Pedro de Macorís (1961–1990) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.9 (93.0) | 33.4 (92.1) | 34.8 (94.6) | 33.9 (93.0) | 36.2 (97.2) | 35.8 (96.4) | 36.5 (97.7) | 36.2 (97.2) | 36.5 (97.7) | 36.6 (97.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | 33.9 (93.0) | 36.6 (97.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.9 (87.6) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.9 (89.4) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.7 (87.3) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.8 (87.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.6 (78.1) | 26.3 (79.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.0 (78.8) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.1 (79.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.8 (69.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.4 (72.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 20.1 (68.2) | 21.3 (70.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.9 (58.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.0 (62.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 14.8 (58.6) | 14.2 (57.6) | 13.6 (56.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 31.1 (1.22) | 29.9 (1.18) | 35.9 (1.41) | 50.0 (1.97) | 133.4 (5.25) | 99.7 (3.93) | 90.9 (3.58) | 128.4 (5.06) | 145.8 (5.74) | 145.9 (5.74) | 91.8 (3.61) | 56.7 (2.23) | 1,039.5 (40.93) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 8.1 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 10.5 | 8.0 | 5.5 | 80.8 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Sports
### Baseball

The city is home to the Estrellas Orientales in the Dominican Winter Baseball League, who play at the Estadio Tetelo Vargas.
San Pedro de Macorís is well known as the birthplace of a large number of professional baseball players. The city has been referred to as "the Cradle of Shortstops." The Dominican capital of Santo Domingo has produced 106 MLB players compared to San Pedro's 99, but Santo Domingo's population is more than ten times that of San Pedro.
When immigrants were brought in as contract labor for sugar plantations from the Eastern Caribbean, they brought the sport of cricket. They formed teams and played against each other. The ownership and management of many of the sugar estates were American. The cricket teams were offered money by their players plantation managers to switch sports and they did. Native Dominicans picked up the game watching teams composed of Eastern Caribbeans. Over time, Vic Power established an extremely good youth system in San Pedro de Macorís and was one of the largest influences on making this city into the largest source of baseball talent in the world.
Notable Major League Baseball players from San Pedro de Macorís include:

## Other notable people

* Bienvenido Fabián, composer
* Luis Flores, professional basketball player, 2009 top scorer in the Israel Basketball Premier League
* Sonia Silvestre, singer
* Algenis Perez Soto, actor
* Norberto James Rawlings, poet
* Bienvenido Bustamante, composer
* Ron Sanchez, head basketball coach, University of Virginia

## Transport

San Pedro de Macoris is served by one airline with commercial flights at Cueva Las Maravillas Airport.