OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alia carinata

Alia carinata, common name the carinate dove shell, is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails.

## Distribution

This species is found in the Eastern Pacific, from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. It can be found on patches of algae, rocks, eelgrass, and especially on surfgrass.

## Description

The adult size of the shell of this species of dove snail can be between 6–11 mm (0.24–0.43 in) in length. The body whorl is sometimes carinate (having a pronounced keel), sometimes less so, and sometimes not at all. The shell color is quite variable; it can be one uniform color or patterned with multiple shades of color. It has a stenoglossan radula with bicuspate lateral teeth and a slightly curved rachidian tooth.

## Ecology

Alia carinata has been shown to be able to detect the presence of predators solely by the presence of chemicals in the water. When the sea star predator Leptasterias hexactis is near, A. carinata may choose to run away, rear up, or fight (usually after they have already tried running). When fighting, the snail bites the tube feet of its pursuer.
Some species of amphipods are known to mimic A. carinata, including Thorlaksonius platypus.
# Ice rafting

Ice rafting is the transport of various materials by floating ice. Various objects deposited on ice may eventually become embedded in the ice. When the ice melts after a certain amount of drifting, these objects are deposited onto the bottom of the water body, e.g., onto a river bed or an ocean floor. These deposits are called ice rafted debris (IRD) or ice rafted deposits. Ice rafting was a primary mechanism of sediment transport during glacial episodes of the Pleistocene when sea levels were very low and much of the land was covered by large masses (sheets) of ice. The rafting of various size sediments into deeper ocean waters by icebergs became a rather important process. Ice rafting is still a process occurring today, although its impact is significantly less and much harder to gauge.
The melting of large icebergs deposits sediment of various sizes, usually referred to as glacial marine sediment, onto the shelf and deeper marine areas.
Ice rafting may be used for analysis of ice drift pattern by matching the rafted sediment with its origin.
Ice rafting must also be taken into an account in archaeology and as a possible cause of displacement of archaeological artifacts.
# Red-throated pipit

The red-throated pipit (Anthus cervinus) is a small passerine bird, which breeds in the far north of Europe and the Palearctic, with a foothold in northern Alaska. It is a long-distance migrant, wintering to Africa and South-East Asia and the west coast of the United States. It is vagrant to Western Europe.

## Etymology

The scientific name is from Latin. The generic name Anthus is the name for a small bird of grasslands, and the specific name cervinus means "stag-coloured", from cervus, "stag".

## Description

This is a small pipit, with an adult easily identified in the breeding season by its brick-red face and throat. In other plumages, this is an undistinguished-looking species, heavily streaked brown above, with whitish mantle stripes, and with black markings on a white background below. It is very similar in appearance to the meadow pipit, and in the autumn, it much resembles the tree pipit, but has an altogether more striped appearance because of the larger numbers of streaks on the cap, back, flank, rump, and chest. The flight of the red-throated pipit is strong and direct, and it gives a characteristic psii call as it flies.

## Behaviour

The red-throated pipit is native to the boreal regions of Northern Europe and Asia. The breeding habitat is open country including mountains, marshland, and tundra. The nest is built on the ground, often beside a tussock of grass, on rough grassland, or on a hummock in a marsh. It is made of dry grasses and sedges with a soft lining of reindeer hair or down. Four to six eggs are laid and incubated by the female for nearly two weeks. The young are fledged and ready to leave the nest about 12 days later. The red-throated pipit is insectivorous, like its relatives, but also eats seeds.

## Status

The red-throated pipit has a very large range and the global population has been estimated to be about two million individuals. It is rated as being of least concern by the IUCN, as its population is believed to be stable, and it faces no particular threats.

## Gallery

* Red-throated pipit
* Thumamah, KSA 1992
# The Revolution (miniseries)

The Revolution (also known as The American Revolution) is a 2006 American miniseries from The History Channel composed of thirteen episodes which track the American Revolution from the Boston Massacre through the Treaty of Paris, which declared America's independence from Great Britain. The series is narrated by Edward Herrmann.

## Cast

Edward Herrmann, as the Narrator
* Mark Collins, as George Washington
* Jason Audette, as Thomas Jefferson
* John H. Bert, as Alexander Hamilton
* Glenn C. Reimer, as John Adams
* James Karcher, as Gen. Benedict Arnold
* Chris O'Brocto as Gen. Horatio Gates
* Jonah Triebwasser, as Gen. Thomas Gage

## Episodes
### "Boston, Bloody Boston."

    The controversies and conflicts leading to war, including the Stamp Act, the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and the Battles of Lexington and Concord.

### "Rebellion to Revolution."

    The Revolutionaries lay siege to Boston; the formation of the Continental Army and the conscription of slaves by both sides.

### "Declaring Independence."

    Dark and devastating struggles challenge the dreams for independence in 1776.

### "American Crisis."

    General George Washington gambles on a brilliant yet dangerously daring stroke to save his army and America.

### "Path to World War."

    Benjamin Franklin tries to convince the French to join the fight against Britain; Philadelphia falls to the British; the Americans win a stunning victory at Saratoga and gain a new ally.

### "Forging an Army."

    Washington struggles to sustain and rebuild his Army at Valley Forge.

### "Treason & Betrayal."

    General Benedict Arnold betrays the revolution.

### "The War Heads South."

    The British lay siege to Charleston.

### "Hornet's Nest."

    War erupts in the Southern Colonies.

### "The End Game."

    The struggle for independence reaches its climax as both sides are tired of the war.

### "Becoming a Nation."

    King George III is forced by the parliament to sue for peace and Washington disbands the Continental Army

### "Road to the Presidency."

    The War is over, but Washington is enlisted for another duty.

### "A President and His Revolution."

    While Washington is on his way to be inaugurated as the first President of the United States, he looks back at some defining moments in the revolution.

## DVD release

The History Channel and A&E Home Video released a four disc DVD set on December 19, 2006, following its series debut on the History Channel.
# Fort Washington Avenue

Fort Washington Avenue is a major north-south street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. It runs from Fort Tryon Park to 159th Street, where it intersects with Broadway. It goes past Bennett Park, the highest natural point in Manhattan. Famous residents of Fort Washington Avenue include Drs. Henry Kissinger and Ruth Westheimer, TV's "Doctor Ruth".

## Transportation connections

The IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway (A train) runs underneath Fort Washington Avenue, stopping at the 175th Street, 181st Street, and 190th Street stations.
The avenue is served in its entirety by the downtown M4, with uptown service beginning at West 165th Street. Limited-stop service is provided by the M98 north of West 179th Street uptown, or West 178th Street downtown. The Bx3, Bx11, Bx35 and Bx36 all use Fort Washington between both aforementioned streets downtown to loop around and change direction, with the first half making its first stop at Broadway/West 179th Street, and the second half at West 178th Street/Fort Washington Avenue.
# Pyemotes tritici

Pyemotes tritici is a species of mite known as the grain itch mite or straw itch mite. It is a cosmopolitan species that is found on straw, hay and stored grain. It is a parasite of small arthropods and is being investigated as a possible biological control of stored product pests. It is associated with dermatitis in humans, and it causes an itchy rash.

## Life cycle

Pyemotes tritici is ovoviviparous, this means that the embryos fully develop inside the female, emerging from the birth canal as adults. Males are born after a gestation period that is two days less than that of the females, the males help the females to emerge and copulation takes place as soon as the females are born. In fact any unmated female is unable to copulate later in life. Fewer than 10% of the offspring are male, although the proportion rises under conditions of gross overcrowding. On average, each female produces about 250 offspring, but after mating with about fifteen females, male fertility rates decline.

## Ecology

Pyemotes tritici is a parasite of arthropods. The females puncture the host with her stylet, injecting a toxic venom that paralyses the host, which eventually dies. The Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) is a pest of stored grain, laying its eggs on the seedheads in the field or on the grain in the silo. Until 1882, it was thought that Pyemotes tritici, which is sometimes found swarming over stored straw or hay, was feeding on the crop, however it turned out that the mites are carnivorous and are feeding on the larvae of the moth and other insect pests. When the mites come into contact with human skin, they attempt to feed there, causing an intense itchiness, often over the whole body surface. After about sixteen hours, blister-like vesicles erupt on the skin surface and other symptoms can include headache, joint pain, fever and nausea.

## Use in biological pest control

The mite is being investigated as a potential biological pest control agent for stored product pests; its high rate of population growth is likely to exceed that of its host arthropod, and it has been found possible to mass rear it in the laboratory.
# Kari Aartoma

Kari Aartoma (12 July 1958 – 24 June 2024) was a Finnish poet, writer, translator and columnist.

## Life and career

Aartoma was born on 12 July 1958. He lived in Turku, Finland. His first work, Pilvet eivät pidä mistään kiinni (Clouds Do Not Stick To Anything), was published in 1999 by Nihil Interit.
He was a member of the poetry group Hellät elätit.
His 2019 novel, Kahden Joen Kaupunki (A City of Two Rivers), deals with alcoholism. Aartoma, a self-described alcoholic, spent eight years writing the novel.
Aartoma died on 24 June 2024, at the age of 65.

## Works

* Clouds Do Not Stick To Anything (Pilvet eivät pidä mistään kiinni), Nihil Interit 1998
* Concrete Schubert (Betonischubert), Sammakko 2001
* Hetero, Sammakko 2005
* The City of Two Rivers (Kahden Joen Kaupunki)
# Andrew Rutherfurd, Lord Rutherfurd

Andrew Rutherfurd, Lord Rutherfurd, PC, FRSE (born Andrew Greenfield; 21 June 1791 – 13 December 1854) was a Scottish advocate, judge and politician.

## Early life

Rutherfurd was born at Bristo Port (near Greyfriars Kirkyard) in Edinburgh on 21 June 1791 to Janet Rutherfurd Bervie, and Reverend William Greenfield. In 1799, after his father was disgraced in a sex scandal, the family changed their name to Rutherfurd, his maternal grandmother's maiden name. His main house was Lauriston Castle near Cramond just north-west of the city. His sister married John Gordon FRSE, father of John Thomson Gordon FRSE.
He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh then studied law at the University of Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1812.

## Career

In the 1830s he is listed as an advocate living at 9, St Colme Street, on the Moray Estate in Edinburgh's west end. His house was remodelled by William Notman in 1835, whilst working in the offices of William Henry Playfair.
He was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland from 1837, becoming Lord Advocate in 1839 and Member of Parliament for Leith burghs in the same year. He resigned office in September 1841 on William Peel's accession to power. He was appointed Rector of the University of Glasgow in 1844.
He played an active part in parliamentary proceedings relating to Scotland, and proposed the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. He was reappointed Lord Advocate in 1846, and was responsible for legislation amending the law of entail in Scotland in 1848. He served on the Royal Commission on the British Museum (1847–49).
On 2 January 1849 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being John Russell.
He was appointed a Senator of the College of Justice, as Lord Rutherfurd and a Privy Counsellor in May 1851. From 1851 to 1854 he was a Lord of Session.

## Personal life

In 1822, Rutherfurd married Sophia Frances Stewart, one of three daughters and two sons born to Mary Susanna (née Whaley) Stewart (a daughter of Richard Chapell Whaley, MP of Whaley Abbey) and Sir James Stewart, 7th Baronet, MP for Donegal. They had no children.
His wife died in 1852 and was buried with him. He died on 13 December 1854 at 9 St Colme Street, his Edinburgh townhouse. He is buried at Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh.

### Legacy

At Dean Cemetery, he was buried on Lord's Row, against the western wall, beneath a red granite pyramid designed by William Henry Playfair and built by Stewart McGlashan. The monument is inscribed: Uxori desideratissimae contra votum superstes moerens posuit Andreas Rutherfurd, et sibi, MDCCCLII. ("Andrew Rutherfurd, surviving against his will, placed this tomb in mourning to his most beloved wife, and to himself, 1852".)

## Galley

* Portrait of Lord Rutherfurd, by Sir John Watson Gordon, c. 1851
* Grave in the Dean Cemetery
* Andrew Rutherfurd and his wife, Sophia
* Bust of Rutherfurd, by William Theod Rome (1837) Old College, University of Edinburgh
* Rutherfurd's home at 9 St Colme Street, Edinburgh (centre: blue door)
# Los Luchadores

Los Luchadores is a live-action children's television series that aired on Fox Kids in 2001 produced by Saban Entertainment and Shavick Entertainment. Ownership of the series passed to Disney in 2001 when Disney acquired Fox Kids Worldwide, which also includes Saban Entertainment.

## Plot

The series is about a group of lucha libre-style masked wrestlers led by Lobo Fuerte who, along with Turbine, Maria Valentine, and Laurent, operate as vigilantes; fighting to protect Union City from a slew of different enemies led by the Whelp and the bumbling antics of Mayor Potts. The series title is translated as "The Wrestlers" or "The Fighters" from Spanish.

## Characters
### Main

* Lobo Fuerte (portrayed by Maximo Morrone) is the greatest masked wrestler in Union City who leads the Los Luchadores into fighting against evil in Union City. His headquarters is in the Wolf's Lair on top of the Lobo Tower.
* Turbine (portrayed by Levi James) is one of Lobo Fuerte's sidekicks and rides a motorcycle.
* Maria Valentine (portrayed by Sarah Carter) is one of Lobo Fuerte's sidekicks.
* Laurent (portrayed by Arthur Burghardt) is the Jamaican trainer and tech support of the Los Luchadores.

### Villains

* The Whelp (portrayed by Cuervo, performed by Paul Jarrett and Bill Terezakis, voiced by Gary Lam, understudied by Lee Tockar in "The Whelp Strikes Back") is the main antagonist of the series. Cesar is the pet Chihuahua of Dr. Jacob Mueller. He eventually becomes an evil genius through a freak accident during Los Luchadores' fight with Mueller's former assistant Douglas Slade that resulted in some of Slade's evil being transferred into him. While he wears a metal covering over his left ear and eye, the Whelp wears a special translator collar so that his minions can understand him. In addition, the Whelp rides a robotic suit when fighting Lobo Fuerte.
** Whelpettes (portrayed by Anita Brown and Sonya Salomaa) are two females who are servants of the Whelp.
** Bone Warriors are the skull-masked minions of The Whelp.

### Other characters

* Mayor Potts (portrayed by Dave Hurtubise) is the bumbling Mayor of Union City. While he truly meant to do only good for Union City, things just seemed to always take a turn for the worse.
* Gertrude (portrayed by Nancy Robertson) is Mayor Potts' aide.

## Episodes

Ay, Chihuahua:
Bad to the Bone:
Confrontation in the Constellation:
The Pyramid of Doom:
Anxiety Attacks:
The Whelp Strikes Back:
Along Came A Spider:
Lobo Limbo:
The Mask of Diablo Azul:
The Brain Drain:
It's a Mud, Mud, Mud, Mud World:
Here Comes the Sludge:
A Good Whelp is Hard to Find
Puppy Love:
World Without Lobo
The Champ
# Tom Hoover (basketball)

Thomas Lee Hoover Jr. (born January 23, 1941) is an American former professional basketball player.
Hoover was born in Washington, D.C. A 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) forward/center from Villanova University, Hoover played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1963 to 1967 as a member of the New York Knicks and St. Louis Hawks. He jumped to the American Basketball Association (ABA) in 1967, and played two seasons there with the Denver Rockets, Houston Mavericks, Minnesota Pipers, and New York Nets. Known for his bruising, brawling play, Hoover often was cast in an enforcer role as one of the bad boys of pro basketball. In his NBA/ABA career, he averaged 5.9 points and 6.2 rebounds per game.
Hoover played in the Eastern Professional Basketball League (EPBL) for the Camden Bullets during the 1962–63 season and Wilmington Blue Bombers from 1965 to 1967 and during the 1969–70 season. He won EPBL championships with the Blue Bombers in 1966 and 1967.
Since his basketball career ended, Hoover has worked in a wide variety of fields. With former NFL player Lane Howell, he ran an employment program for teenagers in New York City. Afterward, he turned to the entertainment industry, and worked as a road manager for Richard Pryor, The Spinners and Natalie Cole. He had a brief career acting in television commercials, then channeled his interest in boxing into a job with the New York State Athletic Commission. He later ran the Adopt-A-School Program in New York City.

## Career statistics
### NBA/ABA

Source

#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1963–64 | N.Y. Knicks | 59 | 16.7 | .413 | | .614 | 5.6 | .6 | 4.8 |
| 1964–65 | N.Y. Knicks | 24 | 6.4 | .406 | | .571 | 2.4 | .5 | 1.4 |
| 1966–67 | St. Louis | 17 | 7.6 | .419 | | .385 | 2.1 | .5 | 1.8 |
| 1967–68 | Denver (ABA) | 70 | 22.7 | .451 | .400 | .621 | 7.0 | .9 | 6.5 |
| 1968–69 | Houston (ABA) | 4 | 20.0 | .500 | – | .833 | 7.5 | 1.3 | 8.3 |
| 1968–69 | Minnesota (ABA) | 9 | 9.2 | .462 | – | .476 | 3.4 | .7 | 3.8 |
| 1968–69 | N.Y. Nets (ABA) | 40 | 31.4 | .466 | .000 | .679 | 10.3 | 2.7 | 11.0 |
| Career (NBA) | Career (NBA) | 100 | 12.7 | .413 | | .591 | 4.3 | .6 | 3.5 |
| Career (ABA) | Career (ABA) | 123 | 24.4 | .460 | .333 | .641 | 7.8 | 1.5 | 7.8 |
| Career (overall) | Career (overall) | 223 | 19.2 | .447 | .333 | .626 | 6.2 | 1.1 | 5.9 |

#### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| 1966 | L.A. Lakers | 4 | 2.8 | .667 | | – | .8 | .3 | 1.0 |
| 1968 | Denver (ABA) | 2 | 8.0 | .571 | – | .714 | 2.0 | .5 | 6.5 |
| Career | Career | 6 | 4.5 | .600 | – | .714 | 1.2 | .3 | 2.8 |
# Foster–Armstrong House

The Foster–Armstrong House is a historic house museum located at 320 River Road (County Route 521) in Montague Township of Sussex County, New Jersey. It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1970. The farmhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1979, for its significance in agriculture, architecture, commerce, and exploration/settlement. The house is now part of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. The museum is managed by the Montague Association for the Restoration of Community History.

## History

The house was built c. 1790s by Julius Foster. In 1812, James B. Armstrong married Foster's daughter. Foster and Armstrong operated a ferry across the nearby Delaware River.
# Sump

A sump is a low reservoir that collects often undesirable liquids such as water or chemicals. A sump can also be an infiltration basin used to manage surface runoff water and recharge underground aquifers. Sump can also refer to an area in a cave where an underground flow of water exits the cave into the earth.

## Examples

The lowest point in a basement collects water that enters from outside. If this is a regular occurrence, a sump pump can move the water outside of the house.
Another example is the oil pan of an engine. Oil pools in a reservoir known as its sump, at the bottom of the engine. Use of a sump requires the engine to be mounted slightly higher to make space for it. Often though, oil in the sump can slosh during hard cornering, starving the oil pump. For these reasons, racing motorcycles and piston aircraft engines are "dry sumped" using scavenge pumps and a swirl tank to separate oil from air, which is sucked up by the pumps.
Aquariums can also include a sump, mainly a reef system. The sump sits below the main tank and also acts as a filter, as well as holding unsightly equipment such as heaters and protein skimmers. The main advantage of plumbing a sump into an aquarium is the increase of water in the system, making it more stable and less prone to fluctuations of pH and salinity.
A diving snorkel can have a sump section located below the mouthpiece. This allows excess moisture from the breath and liquid from the ocean to settle and remain in the sump, so that it does not impair breathing.
In a nuclear power plant's reactor housing, the sump collects any overflow of primary loop coolant; in this case, monitoring and pumping of the sump is an important part of the reactor's safety system.
In mining the sump is a hole in the floor of a level in a working, in the direction of a lower level either to test the trend of an ore vein, or for ventilation.
The equivalent of a sump on a boat is the bilge.
In the human eye, the vitreous humour has a minor role as a metabolic sump.
In caving/potholing a sump is a permanently flooded section of a cave, such that the caver must submerge under water to reach the other side.

## Other roles

In a foxhole, a grenade sump is a deeper hole dug inside the foxhole into which live grenades can be kicked to minimize damage from the explosion.
In medieval cosmology, the sump was the center of the cosmos, where the dregs and filth descended, with the celestial sphere far exalted above the world of fallen man.