# Mary Lou Jepsen

Mary Lou Jepsen is a technical executive and inventor in the fields of display, imaging, and computer hardware. She was the co-founder and first chief technology officer of One Laptop per Child (OLPC), and later founded Pixel Qi in Taipei, Taiwan, focused on the design and manufacture of displays. She founded and led two moonshots at Google X, and was an executive at Facebook / Oculus VR, leading an effort to advance virtual reality.
Her contributions have had adoption in head-mounted displays, HDTV, laptop computers, and projector products. She contributed to low-cost computing and innovative consumer and medical imaging technologies. In 2008 Time magazine named her in their list of the hundred most influential scientists and thinkers in the world, and in 2013 CNN named her as one of their "10 thinkers" for her work in display innovation.
In 2016 Jepsen founded Openwater, a startup working on fMRI-type imaging of the body using holographic, ultrasonic and infrared techniques. Over the years, Openwater's work expanded into therapeutics using infrared light and low intensity ultrasonics with extremely promising results with lifesaving potential to treat mental diseases, cancers and cardiovascular diseases that have been in testing in pre-clinical and clinical since 2020 and are going into production in 2025. In addition all 68 patents from Openwater are free to use, the firm's software is open source via the AGPL license, and hardware designs (optics, ultrasound, mechanical, etc.) are freely available via Creative Commons Share-Alike 4.0.

## Early life and education

Jepsen studied Studio Art and Electrical Engineering at Brown University. She received a Master of Science in Holography from the MIT Media Lab, and then returned to Brown to receive a Ph.D. in Optical Sciences.

## Career

Her PhD work combined theoretical coupled-wave analysis with lab work, in which she created large-scale, embossed surface-relief diffraction gratings with liquid crystal-filled grooves with high diffraction efficiency in un-polarized illumination.
She has created some of the largest ambient displays ever. In Cologne, Germany she built a holographic replica of pre-existing buildings in the city's historic district and created a holographic display encompassing a city block. She also demonstrated that it was technically feasible – but agreed it was culturally unacceptable – to project TV images on the Moon's surface.
From 2003 until the end of 2004, she was the chief technology officer of Intel's Display Division. In 2016 she joined the board of directors of Lear Corporation, a leading maker of automotive electronics and seating.

### MIT Media Lab and OLPC

In 2005 Jepsen joined the faculty of the MIT Media Lab as a professor with a tenure-track position. Here she started the Nomadic Displays Group, and co-created the first holographic video system in the world in 1989, where the interference structure of the hologram was computed at video rates, and shown on her hand-made display. This system inspired a new subfield of holographic video and received numerous awards.
Working with Nicholas Negroponte, she simultaneously co-founded One Laptop per Child, a $100 computer, the lowest-power laptop ever made. As of 2013, millions of units have shipped to children in the developing world and revenues are beyond the billion dollar mark. There are deployments in over 50 countries and in more than 25 different languages. For the entire first year of the effort (2005) she was the only employee of One Laptop per Child [OLPC]. By the end of 2005, she had completed the initial architecture, led the development of the first prototype, and signed up some of the world's largest manufacturers to produce the XO-1. By the end of 2007 she had led the laptop through development and into high volume mass production. At OLPC, Jepsen invented the laptop's sunlight-readable display technology and co-invented its ultra-low power management system, and transformed these inventions into high volume mass production.

### Pixel Qi

In 2008, Jepsen started a for-profit company, Pixel Qi, to commercialize some of the technologies she invented at OLPC. The firm's business was based on the concept that the screen is the most critical component of any mobile device. It aimed to deliver high performance, low-power, sunlight-readable screens for mobile devices. The long-term vision of Pixel Qi was to create devices that never needed to be recharged by lowering the power consumption and using alternative power generation and battery technologies. Its screens became available in a few dozen commercial and specialized products with sunlight readability, and reduced screen power consumption (which typically accounts for about 90% of the power draw in a tablet, and 70% of the power draw on a standard cell phone.

### Google X and virtual reality

Jepsen joined Google X in 2013. She advised and directed display and consumer electronic programs throughout Google. The Wall Street Journal reported that among her projects there she created Google Lego TV: displays composed of smaller screens that plug together like Legos to create vast, seamless images and "live walls" for wall size interaction, television, video conferencing and gaming, to virtual reality without having to wear anything on your face or body. She was also one of the first contributors in Google's "Solve for X" projects with her idea of "Imaging the Mind's Eye".
In February 2015, she joined Facebook as an executive for virtual reality.

### Openwater

In 2016, she left Facebook and founded Openwater, a firm aiming to use infrared holography to make fMRI-type imaging inside the body practical, at the price level of consumer electronics and in wearable form factors. She gave a talk at 2018 TED on the technology behind the Openwater approach. At the IGNITION 2018 Conference, Jepsen further discussed the resolution progression of Openwater's MRI machines and the potential for the technology to make advancements in telepathy by allowing users to transmit thoughts and feelings electronically.
In a 2020 online call, Mary Lou mentioned that Openwater devices are actively in the rapid prototyping phase with alpha kits expected August 2020. The Openwater website stated in 2020: "We are starting hospital studies on humans for use as a stroke detector at the end of 2020." The devices first went into human studies at Hartford Hospital in 2020, and were then refined for the next few years with a multi-center study at Brown University and University of Pennsylvania.
In addition, the company developed a low-intensity focused ultrasound platform that they tested at UCLA in pre-clinical work showing the ability to treat glioblastoma in both organoids and then mice using a resonant frequency yet diagnostic dose of ultrasound that melted away the glioblastoma tumors in mice.
In parallel, Openwater developed and then performed clinical trials at University of Arizona using a set of therapeutic units it developed. Using these units nearly half of the participants in the trial went into remission of severe depression. These devices were tuned via software to different harmonic frequencies of low-intensity focused ultrasound that had the effect of quelling the over-firing neurons.
The implications for the same technology for many cancers, mental diseases and cardiovascular disease is remarkable. Openwater then spent 2024 shrinking its first cart-sized units down in size to a small wearable with a console in price by 100x. They are on sale now and the first units are complete. QMS builds are currently scheduled to ship the back-half of 2025 with the first EVT builds in Q2 2025.
As of 2020, the devices were slated to come out sometime in 2021, which they did for clinical trials and human testing at a variety of medical institutes as cited above, but the new and improved low-cost wearable systems were first made for the end of 2024 and scheduled for volume production in 2025.
in an FAQ written in January 2024.
In an open "Founder's Letter" in January 2024, Dr. Mary Lou Jepsen announced having raised "$54 million in the past several months" to create an AGPL licensed open source platform that can slash the cost of disease treatment.

## Awards and recognitions

* 100 most influential people in the world (Time magazine's "Time 100").
* Canada's online Athatbasca University awarded Jepsen an honorary doctorate in 2008.
* One of 2013's top 10 thinkers (as named by CNN), for her work in rethinking functional brain imaging with compact systems that could lead to direct communication via human thought.
* In 2014 she received an honorary Doctorate of Science from Brown University.
* Edwin H. Land Medal from the Optical Society (OSA).
* Fellow of the Optical Society (OSA).
* One of the top 50 female computer scientists of all time (as determined by the Anita Borg Institute).
* Brown University's top alumni awards: Horace Mann Medal (awarded by Brown Graduate School) and BEAM award (awarded by Brown University School of Engineering).
* 2011 ABIE Award for Innovation from the Anita Borg Institute.
* 2018 Forbes' America's Top 50 Women In Tech
She has also received numerous awards for the work she did at One Laptop per Child and has been named to many other "top" lists in computing by Fast Company, New York Times, IEEE Spectrum and others.
* Technology Pioneers 2019 (world economic fourm)

## Personal life

Jepsen is married to John Patrick Conor Ryan, formerly a partner at Monitor Group. In 1995, she suffered from a pituitary gland tumor and had it removed and thus suffers from panhypopituitarism, requiring a twice-daily regimen of hormone replacement; her personal description of this and the ongoing challenges she faces was published in the New York Times.