OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vena amoris

Vena amoris is a Latin name meaning, literally, "vein of love." It describes a special blood vein that was once believed to flow directly from the fourth finger of the left hand to the heart. This belief has been cited in Western cultures as one of the reasons the engagement ring and/or wedding ring was placed on the fourth finger, or "ring finger". This myth dates back to the Medieval Ages.
While science now accepts that all blood veins flow to the heart, this was not understood at the time and would not be proven until the 17th century by the physician William Harvey.

## Origin of the phrase

The earliest known occurrence of the phrase vena amoris was from Henry Swinburne, an English ecclesiastical lawyer whose work covering marriage, "A Treatise of Espousal or Matrimonial Contracts", was published posthumously in 1686. Swinburne identifies the vena amoris as a vein of blood passing to the heart, found in the fourth finger of the left hand. He states that a wedding ring on that finger signifies that "as they give their hands each to other, so likewise they should give their hearts also, whereunto that vein is extended." He cites unnamed ancient sources for this belief and purports an Egyptian connection, most likely referring to a work by the fourth century Roman writer Macrobius.
Macrobius, in Saturnalia VII, refers to the connection between the ring finger and the heart but implies that it is a nerve rather than a vein. In this work, the belief is stated to have originated in Egypt.
   ...after turning up some books on anatomy, I discovered the truth: that there is a certain nerve which has its origin in the heart and runs from there to the finger next to the little finger of the left hand, where it ends entwined with the rest of the nerves of that finger; and that this is the reason why it seemed good to the men of old to encircle that finger with a ring, as though to honor it with a crown.
Another early reference, not specifying the hand, was by Isidore of Seville in his 7th century work De ecclesiasticis officiis XX, 8:
   Men have begun to wear a ring on their fourth finger starting from the thumb, since there is a vein here which links it to the heart—something which the ancients thought worth noting and honouring.
References to this vein continue in England until the 17th century, when more came to be understood about the circulatory system. Until then, the vena amoris figured into various remedies affecting the heart. Some thought that the simple wearing of a ring on this finger, or pinching the finger, would alleviate ailments. It was sometimes referred to as the leech-finger due to blood-letting practices.

## Choice of finger

While the placement of wedding rings has varied greatly over time and place, the vena amoris has always been identified in the fourth finger, next to the little finger. Most sources point to it being in the left hand, but some, like Isidore of Seville, do not specify a hand. Today many western countries follow a tradition of placing wedding rings on the fourth finger of the right hand instead.
# E-plane and H-plane

The E-plane and H-plane are reference planes for linearly polarized waveguides, antennas and other microwave devices.
In waveguide systems, as in the electric circuits, it is often desirable to be able to split the circuit power into two or more fractions. In a waveguide system, an element called a junction is used for power division.
In a low frequency electrical network, it is possible to combine circuit elements in series or in parallel, thereby dividing the source power among several circuit components. In microwave circuits, a waveguide with three independent ports is called a TEE junction. The output of E-Plane Tee is 180° out of phase where the output of H-plane Tee is in phase.

## E-Plane

For a linearly-polarized antenna, this is the plane containing the electric field vector (sometimes called the E aperture) and the direction of maximum radiation. The electric field or "E" plane determines the polarization or orientation of the radio wave. For a vertically polarized antenna, the E-plane usually coincides with the vertical/elevation plane. For a horizontally polarized antenna, the E-Plane usually coincides with the horizontal/azimuth plane. E- plane and H-plane should be 90 degrees apart.

## H-plane

In the case of the same linearly polarized antenna, this is the plane containing the magnetic field vector (sometimes called the H aperture) and the direction of maximum radiation. The magnetizing field or "H" plane lies at a right angle to the "E" plane. For a vertically polarized antenna, the H-plane usually coincides with the horizontal/azimuth plane. For a horizontally polarized antenna, the H-plane usually coincides with the vertical/elevation plane.

## Co- and cross-polarizations

Co-polarization (co-pol) and cross-polarization (cross-pol) are defined for the radiating E and H planes. These directions are defined in spherical coordinates corresponding to the spherical wavefronts of the propagating wave. By convention, the co-pol direction is the direction of the E field while the cross-pol direction is the direction of the H field. Receive power for a co-pol oriented antenna is maximum while receive power is minimum for cross-pol orientation.
# Higher Institute of National Defence

The Higher Institute of National Defence was an organ of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea, then of the Khmer Rouge remnants in 1990s, with an advisory role on military issues. It was established in 1985.
When Pol Pot left the leadership of the Party of Democratic Kampuchea and of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea in 1985 for age limits, he was appointed Director of the newly established Higher Institute of National Defence, apparently a facade position, but actually a very powerful one, since the institute's role was to sum up the experiences of the guerrilla resistance and to advise the Government and the Army on the new course of actions. Moreover, since Pol Pot was the recognised communist leader of Cambodia his influence did not vanish, and for instance, he was able to order the arrest and execution of former NADK Supreme Commander Son Sen in 1997.
The Higher Institute ceased to exist with the dissolution of the Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia in 1998, but probably its functions were over since Pol Pot's arrest and show trial in 1997.
# Bob the Builder (character)

Bob the Builder, also known simply as Bob, is the titular protagonist of the British animated programme of the same name. He is a general contractor with his own construction yard in Bobsville (original series), Sunflower Valley (Project: Build It), Fixham Harbour (Ready, Steady, Build!), or Spring City (2015 reboot) depending on the programme.
Bob's catchphrase, "yes we can", is a response to other characters saying "Can we fix it?".
Bob has appeared in every episode in the programme and all related media and has five main machines that help him out: Scoop the backhoe loader, Muck the self-loading dump truck, Dizzy the cement mixer, Lofty the mobile crane and Roley the road roller.

## Design

The character's appearance was created by Curtis Jobling. His character sketches initially showed him with a moustache but this made him seem too old for the target audience of preschool children and so he was then restyled as clean-shaven. As stop-motion animation requires frequent repositioning of the models, Bob was given large feet for stability.
When the series was sold internationally, some changes had to be made to make him more acceptable to other cultures. For Japan, the character was shown with all five fingers on each hand, rather than his usual four. This was done because, in that society, a missing finger can indicate membership of the criminal Yakuza clans. However, none of the footage was altered.
In 2014, the toy company Mattel bought the rights to the character and gave him a Hollywood-style makeover, making him seem younger and slimmer and more realistically proportioned. This was not well-received on social media, where the new look was described as creepy and unconvincing. Like in Japan, his 2015 redesign has five fingers on each hand, instead of four.

## Film adaptation

In January 2024, Mattel announced that a film adaptation of the animated character will be produced by Jennifer Lopez and Benny Medina. The plot will follow Bob as he visits Puerto Rico for a construction job. Anthony Ramos will voice the character.

## Legacy

Bob has helped to change negative stereotypes of construction workers among preschool children.
# Yaroslav Podlesnykh

Yaroslav Igorevich Podlesnykh (Russian: Ярослав Игоревич Подлесных, IPA:; born 3 September 1994) is a Russian volleyball player, a member of the Russian men's national volleyball team.

## Sporting achievements
### Clubs

* CEV Cup
** 2020/2021 – with Dynamo Moscow
* National championships
** 2020/2021 Russian Cup, with Dynamo Moscow
** 2020/2021 Russian Championship, with Dynamo Moscow
** 2020/2021 Russian Super Cup, with Dynamo Moscow
** 2021/2022 Russian Championship, with Dynamo Moscow
** 2021/2022 Russian Super Cup, with Dynamo Moscow
# Deep Blue Something (album)

Deep Blue Something is the fourth studio album by alternative rock band Deep Blue Something. It was released on Aezra in 2001.

## Details

While this self-titled album is their fourth release, it was the third album released in the US when Byzantium was released outside the US in 1998. Five of the tracks from Byzantium were included in this album with eight new tracks.

## Track listing

* "Military Man" (Toby Pipes/Clay Bergus) – 5:08
* "So Precious" (Deep Blue Something) – 3:04
* "She Is" (Deep Blue Something/Matthew Wilder) – 3:26
* "Burning a Past" (Deep Blue Something) – 3:23
* "Higher" (Todd Pipes/Toby Pipes/Clay Bergus/Jeff Whittington) – 4:35
* "Number One" (Toby Pipes) – 3:47
* "Hell in Itself" (Todd Pipes) – 4:07
* "Who Wants It" (Todd Pipes/Toby Pipes) – 2:25
* "Focus" (Toby Pipes) – 4:11
* "Parkbench" (Toby Pipes) – 5:00
* "Page Me Wolverine" (Todd Pipes) – 3:18
* "Enough to Get By" (Todd Pipes/Toby Pipes) – 5:13
* "Beautiful Nightmare" (Todd Pipes/Toby Pipes/Greg Wells/Charlotte Caffey) – 4:11

## Personnel
### Deep Blue Something

* Todd Pipes – bass guitar, lead & backing vocals
* Toby Pipes – acoustic & electric guitars, lead & backing vocals
* Clay Bergus – acoustic & electric guitars, backing vocals
* John Kirtland – drums, percussion

### Additional musicians

* Jeff Roe – trombone, horns arrangement
* Randy Burgeson – trumpet
* Dave Monsch – baritone sax
* Peter Hyrka – violin, strings arrangement
* David Angel – violin
* Cate Myer – violin
* Alan Umstead – violin
* Gary Tussing – cello
* Ron de la Vega – cello
* Paulinho Dacosta – percussion
* Jeff Whittington – keyboards
# Kuchi–Hazara conflict

Kuchi–Hazara conflict, also called the Kuchi–Hazara dispute, is the series of conflicts between Kuchis and Hazaras over the lands in Hazarajat, the central highlands of Afghanistan, since the early 18th century. After the establishment of new Afghan Government, these conflicts have turned into war between Hazaras and Kuchis. The conflicts have left tens of people dead, hundreds injured and thousands internally displaced in recent years.

## History

During the early 18th century when Ghilzai Pashtuns were first independent of Safavid dynasty and began migration into pastures of Hazarajat and pushing Hazaras toward west.

## The Behsud conflicts

The Behsud districts (both Behsud 1 and Behsud 2) of Maidan Wardak province are predominantly Hazara populated where the Kuchis are stopped to enter further in Hazarajat. The prevention has cost tens of lives, leaving hundreds injured and thousands internally displaced in the recent years.

### Casualties

Tens of people have been killed, hundreds injured and thousands are internally displaced during the conflicts in Behsud.

### Protests and reactions

In 2009, Haji Muhammad Mohaqiq, leader of People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan, went on a hunger strike. In 2010, many Hazara MPs walked out the session of House of the people to protest the clashes in Behsud.

### Peace agreement

In 2011, an agreement was signed between the elders of Hazaras and Kuchis during a meeting in Kabul to resolve the conflict, the agreement was also endorsed by Governor of Maidan Wardak province, Mohammad Halim Fidai. The agreement soon after violated.
# The Pied Piper (1933 film)

The Pied Piper is an American Pre-Code animated short film based on the story of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. The short was produced by Walt Disney Productions, directed by Wilfred Jackson, and released on September 16, 1933, as a part of the Silly Symphonies series.

## Plot

In the city of Hamelin, there is a large population of rats that keeps growing and eating all the food in sight. The mayor offers to pay a bag of gold to whoever can get rid of the rats. At that moment, the Pied Piper shows up and offers his services. By playing a tune on his pipe, he hypnotizes the rodents to follow him out of Hamelin. Then he creates a wheel of cheese with his pipe, tempting the rats to go in and eat it, and once all of the rats were in the holes of the cheese, he makes it vanish.
When he returns to the town, the mayor refuses to pay him the bag of gold because he just played a pipe, and gives him one coin, while the other adults laugh at him. Furious, the Pied Piper decides to get revenge and save the children from growing up to be like the adults by taking them away.
The mayor and adults dismiss him, since they locked the town gate after the rats left and no one can get out. However, the Piper not only charms the children into following him but enchants the town gate into ripping itself open and allowing the children to leave, and the Mayor is left in horror to face the wrath of the adults for the loss of their children. The Piper leads the children to the mountains and an enchanted land with fun and games, where they all live happily ever after.

## Home media

The short was released on December 19, 2006, on Walt Disney Treasures: More Silly Symphonies, Volume Two.
Additional releases include:
* Walt Disney Cartoon Classics Limited Gold Edition II: The Disney Dream Factory: 1933-1938 (VHS), 1985
* Walt Disney's Timeless Tales Volume 1: The Prince and the Pauper/Three Little Pigs/The Tortoise and the Hare (DVD), 2005
* Walt Disney Animation Collection: Classic Short Films Volume 3: The Prince and the Pauper (DVD), 2009
# Ax Handle Saturday

Ax Handle Saturday, also known as the Jacksonville riot of 1960, was a racially motivated attack in Hemming Park (since renamed James Weldon Johnson Park) in Jacksonville, Florida, on August 27, 1960. A group of about 200 white men used baseball bats and ax handles to attack black people who were in sit-in protests opposing racial segregation.

## History

Because of its high visibility and patronage, Hemming Park and surrounding stores were the site of numerous civil rights demonstrations in the 1960s. Black sit-ins began on August 13, 1960, when students asked for service at the segregated lunch counter at W. T. Grant, Woolworths, Morrison's Cafeteria, and other eateries. They were denied service, kicked, spat at, and addressed with racial slurs.
On August 27, 1960, a group of approximately 200 white men, some of whom were thought to have Ku Klux Klan affiliations, gathered in Hemming Park armed with baseball bats and ax handles. They attacked the protesters conducting sit-ins. The violence spread, and the white mob started attacking all black people in sight. Rumors were rampant on both sides that the unrest was spreading around the county. Actually, the violence stayed in relatively the same location, and did not spill over into the mostly white, upper-class Cedar Hills neighborhood, for example. A black street gang called the Boomerangs came to protect the demonstrators. Police had not intervened when the protesters were attacked, but when "blacks started holding their own" and the Boomerangs and other black residents attempted to stop the beatings, the police arrested them for it.
Nat Glover, who later worked in Jacksonville law enforcement for 37 years, including eight years as sheriff of Jacksonville, recalled stumbling into the riot. Glover said he ran to the police, expecting them to arrest the thugs, but was told to leave town or risk being killed.
Several white people had joined the black protesters on that day. Richard Charles Parker, a 25-year-old student attending Florida State University, was among them. White protesters were the object of particular dislike by racists, so when the fracas began, Parker was hustled out of the area for his own protection. The police had been watching him and arrested him as an instigator, charging him with vagrancy, disorderly conduct and inciting a riot. After Parker stated that he was proud to be a member of the NAACP, Judge John Santora sentenced him to 90 days in jail. He was attacked in jail, suffering a broken jaw, after which Santora sentenced him to a road gang.

### Aftermath

Local authorities and news media downplayed the violence. Mayor Haydon Burns claimed there was no violence, and Jacksonville's leading newspaper buried the story on page fifteen. It was covered by local Black publications, out-of-town reporters, and in Life magazine. The mayor alleged most rioters were not Jacksonville residents and refused to convene a committee requested by the NAACP to address racial discrimination.
Snyder Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church hosted community discussions and negotiations following the incident. Lunch counters in Jacksonville were desegregated in 1961.
# Flann Óge Ó Domhnalláin

Flann Óge Ó Domhnalláin (died 1342) was Chief Poet of Connacht.
Ó Domhnalláin was a member of an Irish family of Bards, originally located in Ballydonnellan, County Galway. A sept of the Uí Maine called Clann Breasail, they held the position of "Cathmhaol" or Battle Champion.
His ancestry is given as "Domnallan mac Maelbrigdi mic Grenain mic Loingsich mic Domnallain mic Bresail mic Dluthaig mic Fithchellaig mic Dicholla mic Eogain Find", with Domnallan mac Maelbrigdi been the ancestor from whom the surname Ó Domhnalláin is derived.
Ó Domhnalláin is recorded as "ollamh Connacht i n-dán", or chief poet of Connacht, in his obituary in the Annals of the Four Masters. This indicates that his work was considered to be the very highest standard among his generation of poets in the province, yet none of his work is known to have survived.
Descendants of the Uí Domhnalláin are still found in Galway and Roscommon under the surname Donnellan.
He was a descendant of King Dluthach mac Fithcheallach of Ui Maine.
# Corpus Christi (Angkor Wat album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Corpus Christi is the second studio album by American thrash metal band Angkor Wat, released in 1990 by Metal Blade Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Angkor Wat, except "Barracuda" by Heart

## Personnel

Adapted from the Corpus Christi liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1990 | Metal Blade | CD, CS, LP | ZORRO 5 |
| United Kingdom | 1990 | Restless | CD | 72430 |
# Tiberiu Ghioane

Tiberiu Ghioane (born 18 June 1981) is a Romanian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
He played most of his career for Dynamo Kyiv as a defensive midfielder before retiring from football in July 2011.

## Club career

Ghioane was born in Târgu Secuiesc. Having begun his career with FC Brașov and Rapid București in Romania, he joined FC Dynamo Kyiv in 2001. He remained at the club until his retirement in 2011.

## International career

Ghioane played 21 games for his country, including the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, and scored two goals; the first was in his ninth international appearance against Luxembourg.
He played for Romania in the victory against Lithuania in the World Cup 2010 Qualifiers in June 2009, and scored against Hungary in a friendly in August 2009.
In 2005, Ghioane suffered from a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis which impeded his further successful performance in the club.

## Style of play

Ghioane was known for his versatility being also able to play as a fullback and in every midfield position.

## Managerial career

In the 2013–14 season, Ghioane started his managerial career with a stint at Liga V – Brașov County team AS Prejmer.

## Career statistics
### International

Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Romania | 2001 | 4 | 0 |
| Romania | 2002 | 6 | 1 |
| Romania | 2003 | 1 | 0 |
| Romania | 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| Romania | 2005 | 1 | 0 |
| Romania | 2009 | 6 | 1 |
| Romania | 2010 | 4 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 22 | 2 |
    Scores and results list Romania's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ghioane goal.
List of international goals scored by Tiberiu Ghioane :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 16 October 2002 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg, Luxembourg | Luxembourg | 6–0 | 7–0 | UEFA Euro 2004 Qualifying |
| 2 | 12 August 2009 | Stadium Puskás Ferenc, Budapest, Hungary | Hungary | 1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly |

## Honours

Dynamo Kyiv
* Ukrainian Premier League: 2002–03, 2003–04, 2006–07, 2008–09
* Ukrainian Cup: 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07
* Ukrainian Super Cup: 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009
* Independent States Cup: 2002
# Haruhiko Kindaichi

Haruhiko Kindaichi (金田一 春彦, Kindaichi Haruhiko; April 3, 1913 – May 19, 2004) was a Japanese linguist and a scholar of Japanese linguistics (known as kokugogaku). He was well known as an editor of Japanese dictionaries and his research in Japanese dialects. He was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun for his efforts. He was awarded a Doctor of Literature degree at Tokyo University in 1962. He was given official commendation as someone who has performed special service in the field of culture and an honorary citizen of the Tokyo Metropolitan District.

## Early life

He was born on April 3, 1913, at his mother's home in Morikawa-cho, Hongo Ward, Tokyo City (now Hongo 6-chome, Bunkyō Ward, Tokyo Metropolitan District), as the eldest and only son of Shizue (née Hayashi) and noted linguist and expert on the Ainu language Kyōsuke Kindaichi. The son resembled the father in his enthusiasm for learning and his mother in her secularism. When their son was born, his father had lost his job as a proofreader of the Sanseidō encyclopaedia, so his family was in dire economic straits. His father eventually worked as a professor at Tokyo Imperial University.

## Work

Haruhiko became known to the broader public with the publication of his book Nihongo (The Japanese Language) in 1957, which became a bestseller for its anecdotal approach to the nature of the language. He went on, like Susumu Ōno, to become a familiar public intellectual, appearing often on radio and television to discuss linguistic issues.

## Awards

* Medals of Honor (Japan) (1977)
* Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class (1986)
* Person of Cultural Merit (1997)
* Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class (2004)
# William Potter House

William Potter House, also known as the Potter House, is a historic home located at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, Indiana. It was built in 1855, and is a two-story, Greek Revival style brick dwelling, with a front gable roof. A rear addition was added about 1880. The entrance features Doric order columns and opposing pilasters.$^{:2}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Marián Vitko

Marián Vitko (born February 10, 1994) is a Slovak volleyball player, a member of the hungarian club Vegyész RC Kazincbarcika.

## Sporting achievements
### Clubs

Slovakian Championship:
* 2014
Hungarian Championship:
* 2019