# List of active separatist movements in North America

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

## Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
* They are active movements with active members.
* They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
* They are citizens / people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
* De facto state (de facto entity): for regions without diplomatic recognition but with de facto autonomy.
* [Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
* Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
** De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
** Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
** Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
** Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
** Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
** Ethnic / ethnoreligious / racial / regional / religious group(s).

## Antigua and Barbuda

Barbuda
* Proposed state: Independence for Barbuda or federalism
** Political parties: Barbuda People's Movement

## Canada

Cascadia
* Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
** Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion
Western Canada
* Proposed state: West Canada (includes Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan as well as (sometimes) Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut)
** Political party: Maverick Party, Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta, Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan
Alberta
* Proposed: Independence for Alberta or unification with the United States
** Political parties: Independence Party of Alberta, Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta
Saskatchewan
* Proposed: Independence for Saskatchewan
** Political party: Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan
Quebec
* Proposed: Independence for Quebec or autonomy
** Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québécois (RRQ)
** Political parties (secessionist): Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Communist Party of Canada, Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec, Climat Québec
** Political parties (autonomist): Coalition Avenir Québec, Équipe Autonomiste
British Columbia
* Proposed state: British Columbia
** Political party: Progressive Nationalist Party of British Columbia, BC Independence Party
Northern Ontario
* Proposed: Splitting Northern Ontario out as an independent state
** Political party: Northern Ontario Party
Vancouver Island
* Proposed: Breaking Vancouver Island off from British Columbia to create a new province or independence
Nuxalk
* Proposed state: Nuxalk Nation
** Advocacy group: Nuxalk Nation (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization until 2008)
Cape Breton Island
* Proposed: Breaking Cape Breton Island off from Nova Scotia

## Colombia

San Andrés y Providencia
* Proposed state or autonomous area: Raizal State
** Advocacy group: Archipelago Movement for Ethnic Native Self-Determination [es] (AMEN-SD)

## Costa Rica

Limón
* Proposed state: Limón
** Advocacy group: Limón Soberano
Guanacaste
* Proposed state: Guanacaste
** Advocacy group: Independent Guanacaste Party

## Denmark

Greenland
* Ethnic group: Greenlandic Inuit, Danish Greenlanders, others
* Proposed: Independence for Greenland
** Political parties: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Naleraq and Nunatta Qitornai.

## Dominican Republic

Cibao
* Proposed state: República del Cibao or autonomy
** Advocacy group: MiCibao
* Political organizations:
** Political party: Progressive Revolutionary Democratic Congress of the Cibaenian People

## France

Guadeloupe
* Proposed state: Republic of Guadeloupe
** Political parties: United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible, Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe
** political party (autonomist): Guadeloupe Communist Party
Martinique
* Proposed state: Republic of Martinique
** Political party: Martinican Independence Movement, Build the Martinique Country, Péyi-A
** political party (autonomist): Martinican Progressive Party

## Haiti

Gonâve Island
* Proposed state: Zile Lagonav or autonomy
** Advocacy group: La Gonâve en avant Jatibonicu Taino Tribal Nation

## Mexico
### Autonomist movements

Chiapas
* Ethnic group: Mayans, Tzotzil
* De facto autonomous area: Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
** Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Triqui
* Ethnic group: Triqui
* Proposed autonomous area: Oaxaca
** Militant organization: Movement for Triqui Autonomy
El Norte / Aridoamerica
* Ethnic groups: Norteño people
* Proposed state: Aridoamerican Confederacy
** Advocate group: Proyecto Aridoamerica A.C. Partido Aridoamericano
Nuevo León
* Proposed state: Royal Republic of Nuevo León
** Advocacy group: National Anti-AMLO Front(FRENAA)

## Netherlands

Curaçao
* Proposed: Independence for Curaçao
** Political parties: Movement for the Future of Curaçao, Sovereign People
** Referendums: 1993 and 2005
Aruba
* Proposed: Independence for Aruba
** Political party: People's Electoral Movement (Aruba)
** Referendum: 1977
Sint Maarten
* Proposed: Independence, autonomy or unification with Saint Martin
** Political party: Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement
** Referendums: 1994 and 2000
Bonaire
* Proposed: independence or autonomy for Bonaire
** Political party: Bonaire Democratic Party
Saba
* Proposed: independence for Saba
** Advocacy group: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

## Nicaragua

Miskitu
* Ethnic group: Miskito people
* Proposed: Greater autonomy for Miskitu
** Political party: General Assembly of the Council of Elders

## Saint Kitts and Nevis

Nevis
* Proposed: Greater autonomy for Nevis
** Political parties: Nevis Reformation Party, Concerned Citizens' Movement

## Trinidad and Tobago

Tobago
* Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for Tobago
** Political party: Tobago Organisation of the People,Progressive Democratic Patriots,Tobago Forwards, One Tobago Voice formally Fargo House Movement

## United States

Cascadia
* Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
** Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion
Native Americans
* Proposed states and/or autonomous regions: Multiple
** Political parties: Choctaw Youth Movement (defunct)
** Advocacy groups: Lakota Freedom Movement, Mohawk Warrior Society, American Indian Movement, American Indian Movement of Colorado, International Indian Treaty Council, Red Power movement
Southern United States
* Proposed state or autonomous region: Confederate States of America or Southern United States or Dixie or Dixieland
** Advocacy groups: League of the South, other neo-Confederate and non-confederate southern separatist groups.
Deseret
* Ethnic group: Mormons
* Proposed state or autonomous region: Deseret
** Advocacy groups: Deseret nationalists (#DezNat)
Aztlán
* Ethnic group: Chicano Movement, Chicano
* Proposed: Greater autonomy for Aztlán
** Advocacy groups: Brown Berets (Aztlanecas Brown Berets), MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán, "Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán"), Freedom Road Socialist Organization, which calls for self-determination for the Chicano nation in Aztlan up to and including the right to secession.
New Afrika
* Ethnic group: African Americans
* Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of New Afrika
** Advocacy group: Pan-Africanists Black Radical Congress, Moorish sovereign citizens, Nuwaubian Nation, Huey P. Newton Gun Club, Black Lives Matter (Factions)
** Political parties: New Black Panther Party, African People's Socialist Party, Not Fucking Around Coalition, Black Hammer Party, Revolutionary Black Panther Party, Black Riders Liberation Party, Washitaw Nation
New England
* Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of New England
** Advocacy group: New England Independence Campaign, New England Autonomy Movement, People's Initiative of New England
Alaska
* Ethnic group: Alaskan Creoles, Alaska Natives, Americans, Russian Americans
* Proposed state: Republic of Alaska
** Political party: Alaskan Independence Party
California
* Proposed state or autonomous area: Second Californian Republic / "New" California or autonomy
** Ethnic group: Americans, Californios, Indigenous Californians
** Advocacy groups: Yes California, Californians for Independence
** Political parties: California National Party, California Freedom Coalition
Texas
* Proposed state or autonomous area: Republic of Texas
** Ethnic group: Americans, Tejanos
** Advocacy groups: Texas Nationalist Movement, Republic of Texas (group)
New Hampshire
* Proposed state or autonomous area: New Hampshire
** Advocacy groups: NHexit, Foundation for New Hampshire Independence, Free State Project
Vermont
* Proposed state or autonomous area: Vermont Republic
** Political party: Vermont Independence Party Green Mountain Anarchist Collective (Anarchist)
** Advocacy group: Second Vermont Republic

### Territories

Puerto Rico
* Proposed: Independence, statehood, autonomy, independence under free association or reunification with Spain as an autonomous community
** Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
** Advocacy groups: Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico,Hostosian National Independence Movement(MINH), Socialist Front (FS), Movimiento Puertorriqueño Reunificacionista con España (MPRE)
** Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Cadets of the Republic
United States Virgin Islands
* Proposed: Independence or greater autonomy for the United States Virgin Islands or unification with the British Virgin Islands
** Political party: Independent Citizens Movement

## United Kingdom

Bermuda
* Proposed state: Bermuda
** Political party: Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda), One Bermuda Alliance (historically), Gombey Liberation Movement
Cayman Islands
* Proposed state Cayman Islands
** Political party: People’s Progressive Movement
British Virgin Islands
* Ethnic group: people of the British Virgin Islands
** Proposed: Independence or autonomy for the British Virgin Islands or unification with the United States Virgin Islands