# Calauag

Calauag, officially the Municipality of Calauag (Tagalog:; Tagalog: Bayan ng Calauag), is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 71,809 people.

## History

According to the writings of Valentin Martin in his "Ensayo de una sintesis de los trabajos realizados sos las corporaciones religiosas Españolas de Filipinas", the first record of the establishment of a settlement in Calauag dates as far as the year 1584. However, the formal founding of the town by Spanish conquistadors was placed in the year 1851 with the union of the settlements in Apad and Calauag.
The first elected Captain of the town was Juan Sunog. In 1897 the town was placed the Revolutionary Government and Alipio Declaro became the Municipal President. In 1914 under Municipal President Marciano Roldan, the town was destroyed by fire for the first time in its history. On December 24, 1941, the town was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Army and on January 14, 1942, the town was again destroyed by fire. On April 19, 1945, the United States and Filipino forces liberated the town from Japanese occupation. The general headquarters of the Philippine Army and Constabulary under the Commonwealth regime was built and station in Calauag during and after the war from 1945 to 1946 against the possible remaining Japanese Armies.

### Lost barangays to Bicol

Calauag experienced a big controversy due to a decade-long boundary dispute with the neighboring town of Santa Elena in the province of Camarines Norte, which resulted in a Supreme Court case, Presidential intervention, and the loss of a quarter of its land area. The disputed barangays were:
* Don Tomas
* Guitol
* Kabuluan (alternatively spelled as Cabuluan in Tayabas Tagalog)
* Kagtalaba
* Maulawin
* Plaridel (alternatively known as Macahadoc)
* Patag Ibaba
* Patag Iraya (alternatively spelled as Ilaya in Tayabas Tagalog)
* Tabugon
On October 14, 1991, the Provincial Government of Quezon and Municipal Government of Calauag ordered the demolition of a boundary marker installed by the DENR. In October 1995, then-President Fidel V. Ramos came to Calauag to meet with local officials to resolve the boundary dispute between the two provinces and surveyed the whole disputed area. Calauag retained its jurisdiction. However, the case was elevated to the Supreme Court. The Case of Province of Quezon vs. Province of Camarines Norte eventually ruled in favor of Camarines Norte and Calauag ceased its political jurisdiction on the said barangays.

## Geography

Calauag is located on the north-eastern end of Tayabas Isthmus. The Daang Maharlika or Pan-Philippine Highway runs at the town after Lopez in Southbound and after Santa Elena at the Northbound or from Manila. At the north end of Quirino Highway, it meets Daang Maharlika in Barangay Tabugon. It also meets the north end of Guinayangan Provincial Road which also meets Daang Maharlika in Barangay Sumulong. It is bounded to the north-west by Calauag Bay, south-west by Lopez, to the east by Guinayangan, and to the north by Basiad Bay and Tinig Bay; it is separated from Alabat Island by a kilometer narrow straight.
Calauag is 227 kilometres (141 mi) southeast of Manila and 97 kilometres (60 mi) east from provincial capital Lucena.

### Barangays

Calauag is politically subdivided into 81 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
* Agoho
* Anahawan
* Anas
* Apad Lutao
* Apad Quezon
* Apad Taisan
* Atulayan
* Baclaran (Poblacion)
* Bagong Silang
* Balibago
* Bangkuruhan
* Bantolinao
* Barangay Uno (Poblacion)
* Barangay Dos (Poblacion)
* Barangay Tres (Poblacion)
* Barangay Cuatro (Poblacion)
* Barangay Cinco (Poblacion)
* Bigaan
* Binutas (Santa Brigida)
* Biyan
* Bukal
* Buli
* Dapdap
* Dominlog
* Doña Aurora
* Guinosayan
* Ipil
* Kalibo (Santa Cruz)
* Kapaluhan
* Katangtang
* Kigtan
* Kinamaligan
* Kinalin Ibaba
* Kinalin Ilaya
* Kumaludkud
* Kunalum
* Kuyaoyao
* Lagay
* Lainglaingan
* Lungib
* Mabini
* Madlangdungan
* Maglipad (Rosario)
* Maligaya
* Mambaling
* Manhulugin
* Marilag (Punaya)
* Mulay
* Pandanan
* Pansol
* Patihan
* Pinagbayanan (Poblacion)
* Pinagkamaligan (Poblacion)
* Pinagsakayan
* Pinagtalleran (Poblacion)
* Rizal Ibaba
* Rizal Ilaya
* Sabang Uno (Poblacion)
* Sabang Dos (Poblacion)
* Salvacion
* San Quintin
* San Roque Ibaba
* San Roque Ilaya
* Santa Cecilia
* Santa Maria (Poblacion)
* Santa Milagrosa
* Santa Rosa
* Santo Angel
* Santo Domingo
* Sinag
* Sumilang
* Sumulong
* Tabansak
* Talingting
* Tamis
* Tikiwan
* Tiniguiban
* Villa Magsino
* Villa San Isidro
* Viñas
* Yaganak

### Town proper

The town center (poblacion) consists of 12 barangays and 11 blocks from the PNR Station in the east to Pinagkamaligan ES on the west. Going west from Barangay Pinagtalleran via Quezon Street, there are five blocks of high concentration of shops, groceries, and banks.
The Government Center is located in the south of the town which consists of Municipal Hall which houses the City Library, Fire Station, Police Station and Precinct, and the Municipal Council building. Quezon Plaza is a well-used spot for programs and events. The Livelihood Center is two blocks away from the plaza and Quezon Street. Central Park is also located in front of the plaza and the City Hall.

### Land area

Calauag has a land area size of 324.71 km2 (125.37 sq mi). Its land is three times bigger than San Francisco, California 121.51 km2 (46.91 sq mi) and almost half-smaller than the size of Singapore 728.3 km2 (281.2 sq mi).

### Climate

Climate data for Calauag, Quezon :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26 (79) | 27 (81) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 27 (81) | 29 (84) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51 (2.0) | 35 (1.4) | 37 (1.5) | 39 (1.5) | 91 (3.6) | 131 (5.2) | 168 (6.6) | 132 (5.2) | 162 (6.4) | 184 (7.2) | 166 (6.5) | 101 (4.0) | 1,297 (51.1) |
| Average rainy days | 13.4 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 12.0 | 19.8 | 24.1 | 26.7 | 25.1 | 25.3 | 23.9 | 21.2 | 17.6 | 231.4 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||
Calauag has a tropical climate. It falls under the Type IV Tropical Climate which has rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Rainy season must be expected from end of May to last week of December.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Calauag
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 2000 50.84
* 2003 42.43
* 2006 43.40
* 2009 25.76
* 2012 28.11
* 2015 24.45
* 2018 9.77
* 2021 21.10
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Calauag has an agricultural-based economy. Most economic activity happens in Municipal Market and its vicinity. Most agricultural products are coconut-based and followed by rice, corn, fish, crabs and other seafoods. It is currently classified as First class-municipality.

## Government
### Local government

The mayor for the 2022-2025 term is Rosalina O. Visorde. Leah Dela Cruz is the town's incumbent vice mayor. Under the 1987 Constitution, the mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms with three years per term, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of term. The mayor has the direct control of the departments while the Municipal Administrator is indirectly in charge of all departments of the Municipal Government while the Vice Mayor is in charge of the Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council) which consists of seven Councilors and one Municipal Sangguniang Kabataan/SK (Youth Council) Chairman and one President of Liga ng mga Barangay (Barangay League) which are elected every three years and Municipal Administrator is appointed by the seating municipal mayor.

### Congressional and provincial legislators

In the 19th Congress of the House of Representatives, Calauag is Represented by Keith Micah Tan of the 4th Congressional District of Quezon. The former disputed nine barangays are under Camarines Norte's 1st congressional district, Represented by Josefina "Josie" B. Tallado.
In the Provincial Board, Calauag, together with the other municipalities of 4th District of Quezon is represented by three elected board members for the term of 2022 to 2025: Roderick "Derick" Magbuhos of Atimonan, Harold Butardo of Guinayangan and Isaias Ubana II of Lopez, and are members of ruling Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC). Provincial Councilors' League also has a seat in the Provincial Board, represented by Angelo "Ola" Eduarte, also of NPC which hails from Calauag.

### List of Former Chief Executives

| # | Term | Chief Executive | Political Party | Others: (Position and origin) |
| Others: (Position and origin) ||||||
| 1 | 1851 | Juan "Juan Sunog" Parcero | NA | Atimonan |
| 2 | 1851 | Pascual Siazon | NA | Apad |
| 3 | 1852 | Benito Jorbina | NA | Calauag |
| 4 | 1853 | Antonio Cerilla | NA | Apad |
| 5 | 1854 | Eustaquio Geneblazo | NA | Atimonan |
| 6 | 1855 | Pantaleon Cerdinia | NA | Apad |
| 7 | 1856 | Pedro Juaris | NA | Nueva Cáceres |
| 8 | 1857 | Vicente Penidles | NA | Apad |
| 9 | 1858 | Marciano Junillis | NA | Nueva Cáceres |
| 10 | 1859 | Agapito Jorbina | NA | Calauag |
| 11 | 1860 | Arcadio Cerilla | NA | Apad |
| 12 | 1861 | Felipe Labiste | NA | Libmanan |
| 13 | 1862 | Benito Jorbina | NA | 2nd Term, Apad |
| 14 | 1863–1864 | Pantaleon Jorbina | NA | Apad |
| 15 | 1865–1866 | Domingo Jorbina | NA | Calauag |
| 16 | 1867 | Antonio Uransa | NA | Gumaca |
| 17 | 1868 | Lucas Dela Costa | NA | Mauban |
| 18 | 1869–1870 | Domingo Jovida | NA | Calauag |
| 19 | 1871–1872 | Raymundo Locido | NA | First Term, Apad |
| 20 | 1873–1874 | Antonio Lerum | NA | Apad |
| 21 | 1875–1876 | Raymundo Locido | NA | 2nd Term, Apad |
| 22 | 1877–1878 | Canuto Escolano | NA | Apad |
| 23 | 1879–1880 | Juan Geneblazo | NA | Calauag |
| 24 | 1881–1882 | Severino Villafranca | NA | |
| 25 | 1883–1886 | Juan Enteria | NA | Gumaca |
| 26 | 1887–1888 | Sinfroso Matos | NA | Gumaca |
| 27 | 1889 | Raymundo Daroga | NA | Gumaca |
| 28 | 1890–1891 | Pedro Segui | NA | Gumaca |
| 29 | 1892–1893 | Sebastián Uransa | NA | Gumaca, Maura Law passed on 1893 |
| 30 | 1894 | Antonio Lerum | NA | 2nd Term, Apad |
| 31 | 1895–1896 | Tomás Rañola | NA | Last Capitán Municipal, Lucban |
| Philippine Revolution ||||||
| 32 | 1897–1899 | Alipio Declaro | NA | First Municipal President. Mauban |
| 33 | 1900 | Juan Lerum | NA | Calauag |
| 34 | 1901–1903 | Hilario Cantre | NA | Cantre Street named after him in Barangay Poblacion Tres. Gumaca |
| 35 | 1904–1905 | Felix Jubilo | NA | Calauag |
| 36 | 1906–1907 | León Tañada | NA | Tañada Street named after him in Barangay Poblacion Dos. Gumaca |
| American Civil Government ||||||
| 37 | 1908–1909 | Basilio De Guzman | NA | De Guzman Street in Barangay Poblacion Dos named after him. Gumaca |
| 38 | 1910–1912 | Arcadio Vera Cruz | NA | Vera Cruz Street in Barangay Poblacion Uno named after him. Atimonan |
| 39 | 1913–1916 | Marciano Roldan | NA | Roldan Street in Barangay Poblacion Tres named after him. Boac |
| 40 | 1916–1922 | Pedro Pica | NA | Atimonan |
| 41 | 1922–1925 | Espiridion Argüelles | NA | Arguelles Street in Barangay Poblacion Uno named after him. Calauag |
| 42 | 1925–1928 | Armando C. Villaverde | NA | Calauag |
| 43 | 1928–1931 | Donato O. Cabangon | NA | Calauag |
| 44 | 1931–1934 | Jacinto Lerum | NA | Calauag |
| Commonwealth Era ||||||
| 45 | 1934–1938 | Tomás Bernabéu Morató | Nacionalista | Last Municipal President of Calauag, First Mayor of Quezon City. Morato Street in Town Proper named after him. Calauag |
| 46 | 1938–1940 | José Jiménez | NA | First Municipal Mayor. Calauag |
| Japanese-sponsored Philippines ||||||
| 47 | 1941–1947 | Sisenando V. Villarubia | NA | Japanese Occupation Mayor of Calauag. Town proper raged with fire during his reign due to war. Villarubia Street in Town Proper named after him. Atimonan |
| Third Republic ||||||
| Enactment of R.A. No. 14 which renamed the Province of Tayabas to Quezon ||||||
| 48 | 1948–1951 | Arturo Morató | Liberal | Also became Mayor of Tagkawayan. Calauag |
| 49 | January–April 1952 | Cirilo Pareja | NA | Atimonan |
| 50 | April 1952 – 1955 | Simon Leonor | NA | Calauag |
| 51 | January 1956 – December 1959 | Edgardo S. Cabangon | Liberal | First Term. Cabangon Street in Barangay Poblacion Cuatro named after him. Calauag |
| 52 | January 1960 – December 1964 | Marceliano C. Parcero | NA | Calauag |
| Philippines under Martial Law ||||||
| 53 | January 1965 – February 3, 1982 | Edgardo S. Cabangon | Liberal | Second Term. Mayor during Marcos dictatorship. Assassinated. |
| 53 | January 1965 – February 3, 1982 | Edgardo S. Cabangon | KBL | Second Term. Mayor during Marcos dictatorship. Assassinated. |
| 54 | February 4, 1982 – February 15, 1986 | Julio U. Lim, M.D. | UNIDO | Removed from Office due to EDSA People Power Revolution. Calauag |
| People Power Revolution, Restoration of Democratic Government ||||||
| 55 | February 16, 1986 – December 1987 | Rogelio Regala | Liberal | Officer in charge. Calauag became first-class municipality. Calauag |
| 5th Republic ||||||
| 56 | February 2, 1988 – December 30, 1995 | Julio U. Lim, M.D. | Liberal | East Quezon occupied by Camarines Norte. Camarines Norte v. Province of Quezon ruled that East Quezon belongs to Santa Elena. Second Term. |
| 57 | June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2004 | Pedro C. Inofre | Independent | Calauag |
| 58 | June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2010 | Eric N. Entienza | Lakas–CMD | Calauag recovered its status as first-class municipality. Calauag |
| 59 | June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2019 | Luisito S. Visorde | Liberal | Incumbent. Calauag |
| 59 | June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2019 | Luisito S. Visorde | NUP | Incumbent. Calauag |
| 59 | June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2019 | Luisito S. Visorde | NPC | Incumbent. Calauag |
| 60 | July 1, 2019–June 30, 2025 | Rosalina Visorde | NPC | Sariaya, Incumbent |

## Tourism

Some of the notable attractions are:
* Capaluhan Beach
* Pulong Pasig Sandbar
* Pangahoy Beach
* Dapdap Beach
* Santa Milagrosa Cave
* Yaganak Hanging Bridge and Calauag Watershed Forest Reserve
* Roma Point Bridge (under construction)
* Calauag Central Park (Bonifacio Monument)
* Calauag Rotonda
* Plaza Quezon
* The "C" Lighthouse
* Quezon Canal
* Calauag Municipal Library
* Sabang Playground
* Our Lady of Fatima Parish

### Churches

* San Pedro Apóstol Parish (est.1846)
* Espíritu Santo Parish (est.2007)
* Nuestra Señora de Fátima Parish (est.2009)

## Infrastructure
### Transportation
#### Buses

Calauag is accessible by Bus Transportation through inter-city buses with signboards plying to Calauag and Bicol Region. Preferable bus companies plying to 4th District servicing the town are AB Liner, Barney Auto Lines, both with terminals in the town. Superlines, Daet Express and DLTBCo also unloads passenger at the town. Raymond Transportation, mostly bound for Bicol makes a short stopover at the town, being its headquarters and its historical route.

#### Railways

PNR Calauag Station (KM 243) is currently idle and the Intercity Service of PNR is currently defunct.

#### Roads and Waterways

Tourists are advised to take Tricycles as primary mode of transportation around the town. Cycling is also a common form of personal transportation in the town. Tollway nearest to Calauag is Ibaan Exit of STAR Tollway (E2). Santo Tomas Exit of STAR Tollway (E2) is preferable, as it does not require a detour to interior of Batangas. All Buses currently exits at Calamba (Turbina) Exit of the South Luzon Expressway. Calauag soon will be serviced by Toll Road 4 Mayao Exit once the toll road fully opens. Toll Road 5 and Quezon–Bicol Expressway are also planned to have exits for Calauag.

### Utilities

Quezon I Electric Cooperative provides Electricity to the entire 3rd and 4th congressional districts of Quezon including barangays of Calauag lost to Bicol and Del Gallego, Camarines Sur. Calauag Water District (CWD) provides potable water to the residents of the Town Proper and nearby barangays (villages). The Yaganak-Mambaling Dam is the sole source of water for the entire municipality and operated by Calauag Water District, under license to Local Water Utilities Administration. The Local, National Direct Dial and Fiber internet are provided by PLDT which absorbed the local franchise of the former Santos Telephone Corporation. The wireless network and internet are provided by national telecommunications companies PLDT (Smart), Globe and Dito. Cable Television and alternative Cable Internet is provided by local cable operator (Calauag CATV System), albeit without High-Definition Television and national satellite television providers (Cignal, G Sat, and previously prior to lapse of congressional franchise, SkyDirect).
Liquified petroleum gas meanwhile may be purchased per cylinder tanks in gasoline stations or in local distributors. Petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and kerosene are imported to the municipality through local distributors of publicly-listed oil companies Pilipinas Shell, Petron, and privately-owned Chevron, operating under the name of Caltex, as well as independent player Uno Fuels with most stations located near the road junction of Rizal Street and locally known as Calauag rotunda and National Highway or AH1

## Education
### Public Schools

Public Schools are operated by the Department of Education, through Division of Quezon and divided by two districts: The East District and The West District. There are also one public high school that operates inside the town proper.
* Sabang Elementary School (K-6) on Quezon Street Ext.
* Pinagkamaligan Elementary School (K-6) on Rizal Street Ext.
* Calauag East Central Elementary School (K-6) on Declaro Street, between Bonifacio Street and Rizal Street
* Municipal Sector Elementary School (K-6) on Rizal Street beside the East Central Elementary School
* Santa Maria Elementary School (K-6) on Rizal Street
* Calauag National High School (7-12/Junior High School-Senior High School) on Maharlika Highway
* South Luzon State University, Calauag Extension Campus in New Municipal Hall Complex

### Private Schools

* Calauag Central College (K-12+College level) on Rizal Street corner Arguelles Street
* Saint Peter's School (Catholic, Parochial School) (Junior High School-College level) on Rizal Street beside the Saint Peter Parish
* Froebelian School of Calauag, Inc. (K–Grade 6) on Barangay Cinco

## Media

Calauag and nearby towns were being served by Radyo Natin 100.9 FM.

## Sister cities

Historically, the sister cities of Calauag are Guinayangan, Tagkawayan (Daughter town of Guinayangan), and Buenavista (then Piris).

## Notable personalities

* Rey Danseco – Award winner-International Boxing Judge, journalist, TV Host, Radio Commentator
* Alisha del Campo—Member, Philippine Women's National Football Team
* Eulogio Lerum – Sectoral Representative for organized labor in Philippine Congress (1978–1986), Member of the Contitutional Commission (ConCom) which drafted the 1987 Philippine Constitution
* Manoling Morato – PCSO and Movie and Television Review and Classification Board Chairman and former TV host
* Tomas Morato – Last Municipal President (Jan. 1935-Dec. 1937) first Municipal Mayor of Calauag (Jan 1938 – Dec 1940) . First Representative of the 2nd District of Tayabas
* Marcelito Pomoy—Singer, Pilipinas and America's Got Talent contestant
* Raymundo Punongbayan – Former director, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
* Ice Seguerra – Host of Eat Bulaga!, singer, Former National Youth Commission chairperson

## Gallery

* Saint Peter the Apostle Parish Church
* Our Lady of Fatima Church
* View of Calauag countryside
* Camp Alfredo Santos in Rizal Ilaya