# Ozamiz

Ozamiz, officially the City of Ozamiz (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Ozamiz; Filipino: Lungsod ng Ozamiz), is a component city in the province of Misamis Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 140,334 people making it the most populous city in Misamis Occidental.
Although occasionally spelled as Ozamis in official sources like COMELEC, it is spelled as Ozamiz in Republic Act No. 321, also known as the Ozamiz City Charter Act. In 2005, City Resolution 251-05 was passed to reiterate that it is officially spelled Ozamiz, not Ozamis.

## History
### Colonial period
#### Spanish period

The city of Ozamiz grew out of an old Spanish town called Misamis—a name believed to have been derived from the Subanen word kuyamis, a variety of coconut. Other unverified historical sources, however, suggest that the name Misamis came from the Spanish word Misa (Catholic Mass).
The old Spanish town grew in size due to the nearby Spanish garrison stationed at the stone fort named Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo. The fort was constructed some time in 1756 in order to attempt to combat the pirate activities originating in the nearby Lanao area. In 1850, the town of Misamis became the capital of the District of Misamis until during the 1870s, when the capital was transferred to Cagayan de Oro.

#### American period and World War II

During the American occupation, the territory was reduced when Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison issued Executive Order No. 61, series of 1920; the barrios, which was once part of the former municipality of Loculan, were separated and organized into new municipalities of Clarin and Tudela.
In October 1942, Wendell Fertig established the command headquarters of the growing guerrilla resistance to the Japanese occupation of Mindanao in the Spanish fort in the city. His headquarters was abandoned June 26, 1943, due to a large Japanese attack. Until the end of the war, the Japanese occupied this fort. During the Japanese occupation of Misamis in World War II, the fort was garrisoned by a contingent of Japanese who dug foxholes near or under the walls. This undermining of walls later led to the destruction of the southwest bastion in the earthquake of 1955.

### Contemporary Period

After the war, Misamis became a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act 321 on July 16, 1948. This also renamed Misamis to Ozamiz, after the hero José Ozámiz who hailed from the province of Misamis Occidental and who at one time also served as its first governor and congressional representative of the Lone District of Misamis Occidental, a delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention that resulted in the creation of the 1935 Constitution for the Philippine Commonwealth Government. In 1941, José Ozámiz was elected to the Philippine Senate.
On February 25, 2000, three Super Five Transport buses aboard the M/V Our Lady of Mediatrix ferry exploded while the ferry was traveling from Kolambugan, Lanao del Norte to the Port of Ozamiz. The reason for the explosion was the use of large incendiary bombs, resulting in 44 deaths and more than 100 passengers wounded.
On July 30, 2017, the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group and the Ozamiz City Police raided the house of incumbent Mayor Reynaldo Parojinog Sr. where guns were allegedly stored, resulting in the deaths of 16 people, including Mayor Parojinog, his wife Susan, and two of his siblings. The raid also ended with the mayor's children, incumbent Vice Mayor Nova Princess Parojinog-Echavez and Reynaldo Parojinog Jr., being arrested. This incident was part of the War on Drugs campaign during President Rodrigo Duterte's administration.

## Geography

Ozamiz is located on the east coast of Misamis Occidental. It is nearby the Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga del Norte provinces to the west, and Lanao del Norte is across the Panguil Bay.
It is bordered by Tangub to the south and Clarin to the north. Ozamiz is 52 kilometers (32 mi) from Maria Cristina Falls, the main source of hydroelectric power in Mindanao.

### Climate

Climate data for Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69 (2.7) | 58 (2.3) | 67 (2.6) | 60 (2.4) | 109 (4.3) | 114 (4.5) | 83 (3.3) | 78 (3.1) | 76 (3.0) | 92 (3.6) | 86 (3.4) | 63 (2.5) | 955 (37.7) |
| Average rainy days | 12.8 | 11.6 | 14.8 | 17.4 | 24.8 | 23.5 | 20.7 | 18.5 | 17.4 | 22.5 | 21.6 | 15.6 | 221.2 |
| Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally) ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Ozamiz
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 2000 22.90
* 2003 37.06
* 2006 30.60
* 2009 29.77
* 2012 20.93
* 2015 17.79
* 2018 21.12
* 2021 20.96
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Ozamiz is agricultural in terms of natural resources, but the city has become the center for commerce, health, transportation, and education, considering its strategic location. Its location makes for a good harbor, as its local port is the principal outlet of mineral deposits and agricultural and forest products of the provinces of Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur, parts of Lanao del Norte, and Lanao del Sur.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1903 | 11,709 | — |
| 1918 | 23,237 | +4.68% |
| 1939 | 36,313 | +2.15% |
| 1948 | 35,262 | −0.33% |
| 1960 | 44,091 | +1.88% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1970 | 64,643 | +3.90% |
| 1975 | 71,559 | +2.06% |
| 1980 | 77,832 | +1.69% |
| 1990 | 91,503 | +1.63% |
| 1995 | 101,944 | +2.05% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2000 | 110,420 | +1.73% |
| 2007 | 123,137 | +1.51% |
| 2010 | 131,527 | +2.43% |
| 2015 | 141,828 | +1.45% |
| 2020 | 140,334 | −0.21% |
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority :
In the 2020 census, Ozamiz had a population of 140,334 people, with a density of 830 inhabitants per square kilometer or 2,100 inhabitants per square mile.

## Government

Local officials are elected every 3 years. The city local government is composed of the mayor, vice mayor, ten councilors, one Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) representative, one indigenous people (IPMR) representative, and an Association of Barangay Captains (ABC) representative.
As of 2024, these are the current elected officials:
* Mayor: Atty. Henry “Indy” F. Oaminal Jr. (PDP Laban)
* Vice Mayor: Simplicia “Bebie” O. Neri (PDP Laban)
* Congressman: Sancho Fernando “Ando” F. Oaminal (Lakas)
* Councilors:
** Lorlie Fuentes-Cipres (NP)
** Katherine “Kat-Kat” C. Lim (Asenso Pinoy)
** Cecille Y. Co (Asenso Pinoy)
** Marcelo Archie S. Romero II (Asenso Pinoy)
** Roland “Dinky” B. Suizo Jr. (NP)
** Atty. Daniel C. Lao (NP)
** Juanito “Junjun” B. Saquin Jr. (Asenso Pinoy)
** Atty. Marcelian “Mars” C. Tapayan (PDPLBN)
** Sancho “Sunny” S. Oaminal (Independent)
** Saulo B. Salvador (PDPLBN)
** John Fel D. Duhaylungsod (SK Federation President)
** Jun Carlo Murallon (ABC President)
** Relinda A. Bation (IPMR)

### Barangays

Ozamiz is politically subdivided into 51 barangays.  Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
| Name | Population (2015) | PSGC |
| 50th District (Poblacion) | 1,138 | 104210051 |
| Aguada (Poblacion) | 7,543 | 104210001 |
| Bacolod | 2,226 | 104210003 |
| Bagakay | 3,955 | 104210004 |
| Balintawak | 660 | 104210005 |
| Bañadero (Poblacion) | 8,000 | 104210002 |
| Baybay San Roque | 3,527 | 104210043 |
| Baybay Santa Cruz | 1,852 | 104210006 |
| Baybay Triunfo | 2,817 | 104210007 |
| Bongbong | 2,742 | 104210008 |
| Calabayan | 3,353 | 104210009 |
| Capucao C. | 652 | 104210010 |
| Capucao P. | 1,419 | 104210011 |
| Carangan | 5,223 | 104210012 |
| Carmen (Misamis Annex) | 6,135 | 104210037 |
| Catadman-Manabay | 7,422 | 104210013 |
| Cavinte | 620 | 104210014 |
| Cogon | 1,417 | 104210015 |
| Dalapang | 636 | 104210016 |
| Diguan | 1,503 | 104210017 |
| Dimaluna | 3,020 | 104210018 |
| Doña Consuelo | 4,178 | 104210052 |
| Embargo | 863 | 104210019 |
| Gala | 935 | 104210020 |
| Gango | 5,686 | 104210021 |
| Gotokan Daku | 531 | 104210022 |
| Gotokan Diot | 413 | 104210023 |
| Guimad | 750 | 104210024 |
| Guingona | 596 | 104210025 |
| Kinuman Norte | 1,484 | 104210026 |
| Kinuman Sur | 1,172 | 104210027 |
| Labinay | 1,600 | 104210028 |
| Labo | 3,065 | 104210029 |
| Lam-an | 2,961 | 104210030 |
| Liposong | 823 | 104210031 |
| Litapan | 898 | 104210032 |
| Malaubang | 7,867 | 104210033 |
| Manaka | 898 | 104210034 |
| Maningcol | 6,951 | 104210035 |
| Mentering | 439 | 104210036 |
| Molicay | 3,581 | 104210038 |
| Pantaon | 1,083 | 104210040 |
| Pulot | 4,328 | 104210041 |
| San Antonio | 4,353 | 104210042 |
| Sangay Daku | 777 | 104210044 |
| Sangay Diot | 445 | 104210045 |
| Sinusa | 1,724 | 104210046 |
| Stimson Abordo (Montol) | 2,246 | 104210039 |
| Tabid | 3,958 | 104210047 |
| Tinago | 10,596 | 104210048 |
| Trigos | 776 | 104210049 |

## Culture
### Notable events and festivals

The city celebrates the Sinulog Festival, dedicated to the Santo Niño de Cebu, every 4th Sunday of January, wherein a pilgrim image of the Santo Niño will arrive from Cebu City and will visit Ozamiz and other cities and towns in the province for a week.
Ozamiz's Charter Day anniversary, the feast of Nuestra Señora dela Inmaculada Concepcion y del Triunfo dela Cruz de Migpangi, and the Perangat Ozamiz Festival (formerly known as the Subayan Keg Subanon Festival) are celebrated on July 16.
On December 8, the Feast of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception is celebrated. Firework displays are held, either near the Cotta Fort or at the City Hall.

## Tourism

Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo, also known as Cotta Fort, is a fort built in 1756 by Father José Ducos to serve as a Spanish outpost in the area. On the outside wall of the fort is an outdoor shrine dedicated to the Nuestra Señora de la Immaculada Concepción y del Triunfo de la Cruz de Migpangi, locally known as the Birhen sa Cotta (lit. 'Virgin of the Fort'). The bas relief of the Virgin is believed to be miraculous and is a pilgrimage destination. In 2002, the fort was renovated and restored to its original design.
The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception was built from the ruins of a church destroyed in an earthquake in 1955. It was one of the earliest designs of National Artist for Architecture Leandro Locsin. His simple style of squares, circles, and half circles are evident throughout the external and internal designs of the church. Alterations to the façade of the cathedral were performed later. The cathedral is home to the wooden image of the Birhen sa Cotta.
The Immaculate Conception Pipe Organ, found in the choir loft of the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, is the only existing pipe organ in Mindanao, and one of only a few anywhere in the Philippines. It was Father Sean Lavery, an Irish-Columbian priest in charge of music at the cathedral, who first thought of the idea of an organ at Immaculate Conception. Funds were raised through donations and a musical extravaganza, organized by the parish, to buy the pipe organ. Father Lavery requested the aid of a German priest, Father Herman Schablitzki S.V.D., in designing the organ. Father Schatblitzki visited Ozamiz to take measurements to give to the organ builders back in Germany. Father Schablitzki himself, assisted by one carpenter and one electrician, assembled the organ in six weeks, and it was completed on May 31, 1967. It was inaugurated on July 16, 1967, the feast day of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
Bukagan Hill is located in Barangay Malaubang. There are four great bells at the top of Bukagan Hill, named "St. Peter", "St. Marien", "St. Joseph", and "St. Michael". They were originally purchased by Bishop Patrick Cronin, D.D. for the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. However, the bells weigh 7 tons and were found to be too heavy and too large for the cathedral's belfry. Given the recent costs of installing an organ at the cathedral, it was commonly thought that the installation of the bells would prove too expensive but, through the efforts of then City Mayor Fernando T. Bernad and Jesus Y. Varela, the bells were finally given a place at Bukagan Hill, and were officially inaugurated on July 16, 1948.
Timfanel Garden Ornamental Plant Farm, formerly known as Naomi's Botanical Garden and Tourist's Inn, sits on a 12-hectare property. The garden features a variety local and imported tropical flowers, plants, and fruit trees. The hotel has fully air-conditioned private rooms, and is home to a variety of amenities, including function halls, a tennis court, a ceramics shop, and swimming pools.
Mt. Malindang Golf and Country Club is a pre-war army facility converted into a golf course located in Barangay Bagakay, at the foot of Mount Malindang.

## Transportation
### Air

Ozamiz Airport, also known as Labo Airport, was reopened July 5, 2007, 9 years after Philippine Airlines (PAL) stopped their original Fokker 50 and Sunriser plane operation at the airport. The inability of the airport to accommodate jet planes due to its short runway led to its closure. Air Philippines (a subsidiary airline of PAL) was the first airline that used Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, using a B737-200, the first jet plane to land at the airport. PAL Express, another PAL subsidiary, then made direct flights to Mactan–Cebu International Airport again using their Bombardier Q400.
PAL's competitor, Cebu Pacific Air, later started serving Ozamiz with their first flight to Cebu on November 10, 2008, using their brand-new ATR72-500. Due to high passenger and cargo demand, Cebu Pacific launched its Manila route with their Airbus A319, while PAL took over Air Philippine's service to Manila using their Airbus A319s on June 16, 2009.
When Air Philippines rebranded as Airphil Express (now PAL Express), it relaunched its Ozamiz to Manila service on August 18, 2011, using their Airbus A320. It then forced Cebu Pacific to change its aircraft that had previously served Ozamiz Airport, replacing all of their ATR72-500s with Airbus A319s and Airbus A320s. Despite fierce competition between PAL and Cebu Pacific, PAL ended their operations in Ozamiz on March 25, 2012, leaving their affiliate PAL Express to compete with Cebu Pacific. Since then, the competition between PAL Express and Cebu Pacific became a duopoly serving the airport.
Ozamiz Airport will undergo a P300 million expansion and development project. The project will consist of the installation of runway lights, the extension of runway from its current of length 1.9 km to 2.1 km, and the construction of a new passenger terminal building.

### Sea

The Port of Ozamiz serves the city with routes connecting Ozamiz to Cebu, Manila, and Iligan
Local shipping lines like Daima have trips from Ozamiz to Mukas, Kolambugan, Lanao del Norte routes through roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ferries that transport passengers, cars/trucks, and goods across Panguil Bay.

### Land

Most transportation within the city is done by trisikad/pedicab and motorized tricycle. For interprovincial transportation, Rural Transit, Super Five, UV Express, and public utility jeepneys like Lotradisco are predominantly used.

## Healthcare

Ozamiz City currently has seven hospitals and healthcare facilities:
* Mayor Hilarion A. Ramiro Sr. Medical Center (MHARS MC): a 1000-bed capacity tertiary hospital owned by the Department of Health
* Misamis University Medical center (MUMC): a tertiary hospital located at Barangay Bagakay
* Medina General Hospital: a 200-bed capacity tertiary hospital located at Barangay Carmen Annex
* Tobias-Feliciano Faith General Hospital, Inc.
* S.M. Lao Memorial City General Hospital
* St. Joseph General Hospital, formerly St. Mary General Hospital
* St. Padre Pio Medical Clinic: located at JEM bldg., Medina Avenue, Barangay Carmen Annex

## Education

There are two universities in Ozamiz: La Salle University and Misamis University. Most students coming from Lanao del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, and Misamis Occidental come to Ozamiz to pursue their college education. Additional schools and institutions include:
* Immaculate Conception School of Technology of Ozamiz City (ICST)
* La Salle University
* Lighthouse Christian Academy
* Medina College
* Misamis Institute of Technology
* Misamis University
* Northwestern Mindanao School of Technology (NMST)
* Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology (OLT)
* Ozamiz City Institute of Technology
* Vocational Institute of the Philippines and Maritime Training Center

### Secondary schools

The secondary schools of Ozamiz are:
* Capucao Integrated School
* Cogon Integrated School
* Domingo A. Barloa Integrated School
* FMC MA School and Tutorial Services, Inc.
* Gala National High School
* Guingona Integrated School
* Jacinto Nemeño Integrated School
* Jose Lim Ho National High School
* Labinay National High School
* Labo National High School
* Malaubang Integrated School
* Marcelino C. Regis Integrated School
* Misamis Annex Integrated School
* Misamis Union High School
* Montol National High School
* Ozamis Cathedral School of Immaculate Conception Inc.
* Ozamiz City National High School
* Ozamiz City School of Arts and Trades (OCSAT)
* Pulot National High School
* San Antonio National High School
* Sancho V. Capa Integrated School
* Sangay Integrated School
* Sinusa Integrated School
* Stimpson Abordo National High School
* Tabid National High School
* Western Mindanao Adventist Academy - Ozamiz City

## Sister cities
### Domestic

* Tangub
* Oroquieta
* Iligan
* Cotabato City
* Dipolog
* General Santos
* Cebu City
* Iloilo City
* Pagadian
* Marawi
* Cagayan de Oro
* Laoag

### International

* Jersey City, New Jersey (1995)

## Notable people

* Cherry Lou - actress
* Sofronio Vasquez - singer