OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Florin

Peter Florin (2 October 1921 – 17 February 2014) was an East German politician and diplomat.

## Early life

Florin was born in Cologne on 2 October 1921.
His father, Wilhelm Florin (1894–1944), was a leading figure in the pre-war Communist Party of Germany. and, between 1924 and 1933, a member of the Reichstag (national parliament).
Florin left Germany with his parents in 1933, when Adolf Hitler came to power and began persecuting Communists, moving first to France and then to the Soviet Union, where he attended the Karl Liebknecht School. There, he studied chemistry at the D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology.
During the Second World War, he fought with the Soviet partisans in Belarus. In 1944, Florin became editor of Freies Deutschland, a weekly anti-Nazi newspaper. At the end of the war, he returned to Germany as a member of the Ackermann Group, one of the regional groups sent to lay the groundwork for the Soviet Military Administration in Germany.

## Career

Following the war, Florin entered politics in the German Democratic Republic and served as vice-president of the regional parliament of Wittenberg, while working as chief editor of the daily newspaper Freiheit. Then, from 1949 to 1952, he was an advisor for the East German ministry of foreign affairs. In 1953, he was promoted to the head of the Department for International Relations of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany's central committee. From 1954 to 1971, he was a member of the country's parliamentary committee on foreign affairs, which he presided over for a time.
From 1967 to 1969, Florin was East Germany's ambassador to Czechoslovakia. He supported the Soviet crushing of the Prague Spring uprising in 1968. In 1969, he was named secretary of state and first deputy foreign minister.
From 1973 to 1982, Florin was the German Democratic Republic's permanent representative to the United Nations. In 1982, he became president of the national commission for UNESCO in East Germany. In 1987 and 1988, he presided over the forty-second session of the United Nations General Assembly.

## Personal life

Peter Florin was married, and had three children. His wife Edel was, in the late 1980s, a professor of Russian literature at Humboldt University in East Berlin.
Florin spoke fluent German, Russian and English, and good French. During his presidency of the United Nations General Assembly, he was, according to the New York Times, "nicknamed 'Comrade Glasnost' by delegates, who s[aw] him as him a symbol of the modern Communist of the Gorbachev era."
He died on 17 February 2014, aged 92.
# Ghost Loop

Ghost Loop is a television series that premiered on the Travel Channel in January 2020. The show features Matt Lytle, Eric Vitale, Chris Califf, Kris Star, and Sean Austin all of whom attempt to investigate alleged paranormal activity within households.
# Sanyo Gakuen College

Sanyo Gakuen College (山陽学園短期大学, San'yō Gakuen Tanki Daigaku) is a private junior college in Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan.

## Academic departments

* Child education
* Nutrition

## History

* The predecessor of the college was established in 1886 as Sanyo Eiwa Women's School.
* Sanyo Gakuen College was founded in 1969, for women only.
* The college became coeducational in 2009.
# Norwegian Air Norway

Norwegian Air Norway AS was a Norwegian airline and a fully integrated subsidiary of low-cost airline Norwegian Air Shuttle, using its corporate identity. The airline was based at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, with its aircraft registered in Norway.

## History

Norwegian Air Norway was founded on 17 June 2013, and was subsequently issued an air operator's certificate (AOC). Parent company Norwegian Air Shuttle then registered a single aircraft to Norwegian Air Norway in order to retain the AOC. In October 2018, Norwegian Air Norway was granted an exception by the United States Department of Transportation to operate services to the country ahead of receiving a foreign air carrier permit, although the airline had yet to operate any flights under its associated airline codes as of 2021.
On 18 December 2023, the airline's only aircraft was returned to Norwegian Air Shuttle.

## Fleet

As of December 2023, the Norwegian Air Norway fleet comprised the following aircraft:
Norwegian Air Norway fleet :
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| Boeing 737-800 | 1 | — | 186 | transferred to Norwegian Air Shuttle |
| Total | 1 | — | | |
# Chiniot Dam

Chiniot Dam is a proposed dam to be built on Chenab river. It is located in Chiniot District, Punjab, Pakistan. The dam is intended to store excess flows from the Chenab River to meet downstream irrigation water needs and generate electricity for the national grid. The dam is 17 meters high and is a zoned earthfill embankment. This dam will also help to improve the domestic water supply to the nearby towns and villages.
# Fort William H. Seward

Fort William H. Seward, also known as Chilkoot Barracks and Haines Mission, is a site at Port Chilkoot in Haines Borough, Alaska, about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) from the city of Haines. It was the last of a series of 11 military posts established in Alaska during the gold rush era, and was Alaska's only military facility between 1925 and 1940. It provided a policing presence for miners moving into the gold mining areas in the Alaskan interior, and a military presence during negotiations over the nearby international border with Canada. The fort is named for William H. Seward, the United States Secretary of State who oversaw the Alaska purchase.

## History

The fort was formally authorized by an executive order of President William McKinley in December 1898. United States Army troops had been stationed unofficially in the area during that year. Between 1902 and 1904, a formal infantry outpost consisting of 85 wood-frame buildings was constructed under the supervision of Colonel W. P. Richardson, and was formally named in 1904. It was first occupied by three companies of the Third Infantry, previously stationed at Camp Skagway. By 1909 the fort had grown to cover more than 4,000 acres (1,600 ha). It was formally renamed Chilkoot Barracks in 1922, honoring the local Chilkoot people and the Chilkoot Trail used during the gold rush.
Between 1921 and 1925 all other military installations in Alaska were shut down; in 1927 Fort Seward was manned by a force of 255. The fort was formally deactivated in 1945, and sold to the Port Chilkoot Company. The property has been developed as an art colony; it includes housing and art galleries, and accommodations for tourists.
The fort was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.

## Demographics

Fort William H. Seward first appeared separately on the 1910 U.S. Census and in 1920. Its name was changed to Chilkoot Barracks in 1930 and 1940, before its closure in 1945. It has since been annexed into the City of Haines.
# Volkswagen Anhui

Volkswagen Anhui (formerly JAC-Volkswagen) is a joint venture formed in 2017 between JAC Motors and Volkswagen headquartered in Hefei, Anhui, initially to produce electric vehicles under the SEAT brand, and later the Sehol brand.

## History

The company was originally named JAC Volkswagen Co., Ltd.. In 2020, Volkswagen increased its stake in JAC Volkswagen to 75% and acquired management rights in the company, becoming Volkswagen's first subsidiary with full control in mainland China. The company was subsequently renamed Volkswagen (Anhui) Co., Ltd.
In May 2023, Volkswagen announced an additional investment of RMB 23.1 billion (US$3.3 billion) in Volkswagen Anhui, of which RMB 14.1 billion was invested in the construction of a research and development center and nearly RMB 9.1 billion was invested in the construction of the first phase of the Hefei production base.

## Products

The Volkswagen Anhui MEB plant started construction in 2021. It is based on the expansion of the original JAC Motors plant and is the third Volkswagen Group plant in China. Its first mass-produced model will be the Cupra Tavascan, sold through SEAT, with mass production to begin in 2023 and exports to Europe.
In 2024, ID.UNYX, developed based on Cupra Tavascan, will be launched in mainland China. ID. and subsequent new models for the Chinese mainland market will use the gold VW logo to distinguish them from the products of the other two Volkswagen joint ventures. Volkswagen Anhui plans to launch more models based on the MEB platform and the CMP platform developed for entry-level electric vehicles in China.
* Cupra Tavascan
* ID.与众
# North Point Camp

North Point Camp was a Japanese World War II Prisoner-of-war camp in North Point, Hong Kong which primarily held Canadian and Royal Naval prisoners.

## History

Built by the Hong Kong government as a refugee camp before the war, it was severely damaged during the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong Island on the night of 18 December 1941. It began life as a POW camp almost immediately after, as non-Chinese civilians from the area were interned there, as were the first men of West Brigade who were captured in the battles at the beachheads, Jardine's Lookout, and Wong Nai Chung Gap. After a few months, the Royal Naval prisoners were moved to Sham Shui Po POW Camp and North Point became purely Canadian. The Canadians themselves moved out to Sham Shui Po on 26 September 1942, at which point the camp was closed. Conditions at camp were overcrowded and unsanitary. The two main threats that the prisoners faced were disease and the lack of food, which proved fatal for many interned at the camp.
Today part of the old camp site is the King's Road Playground, but there are no memorials of any kind.
# Louis Empain

Baron Louis Empain, originally Louis Becker (1908–1976) was a Belgian financier.
Louis was born in Brussels on 3 January 1908, the youngest son of Édouard Empain, by his mistress Jeanne Becker, a musician. When his mother became Empain's wife in 1921, Louis was legitimised and took his father's surname. Evacuated to Le Havre during the First World War, he spent several years of his childhood in France and England. He studied mathematics at the University of Paris, but his main activities were music, riding, fencing and hiking. His father's dying wish was that he would become involved in running the family business, with its interests in tramways, electrification, chemicals and colonial trade. He and his older brother, Jean, ran the holding company together, with Louis inheriting the family property in France and Jean the property in Belgium. Louis promoted social entrepreneurship, encouraging paid holidays and social insurance for the workers in the companies owned by the group, which were not always approved by the boards, and insisting that the company pay its taxes and social contributions in full, rather than seek loopholes to minimise tax exposure. This led to a rupture with his brother, and in 1934 Louis established the Banque Belge pour l'Industrie (BBI) to promote his own position in the companies in which he had a stake.
In 1930—1934 he had the Villa Empain built in Brussels, combining Art Deco and Bauhaus influences. He gave the villa to the Belgian state in 1937, to house a museum of applied art. In the mid-1930s Empain took a particular interest in Canadian investments, setting up the holding Compagnie Belgo-Canadienne de Crédit Limité to coordinate a network of interests in Quebec, including real estate, agriculture, prospecting, winter sports, tourism and trade.
After a yachting accident in July 1936 he vowed to change his style of life, selling two castles, renouncing the title of baron, and heavily contributing to the establishment of a youth organisation, modelled on the Swiss Pro Juventute, with the aim of improving the health and education of the young, particularly through sport and outdoor activities, without regard to any distinctions of class, race or religion. In 1938 he married Geneviève Hone, from Quebec. He died in Uccle (Brussels) on 30 May 1976.
# Alexandra Slawin

Alexandra Martha Zoya Slawin (born 1961) is a British chemist and Professor at the University of St Andrews. Her research looks to understand the structure of supramolecular systems (e.g. rotaxanes and catenanes). She is generally considered as one of the world's leading crystallographers. She was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2011.

## Early life and education

Slawin studied chemistry at Imperial College London. After earning her bachelor's degree she worked at Imperial as an Experimental Officer on X-ray crystallography. She moved to the Loughborough University, where she completed a PhD on the crystal structures of organic and inorganic systems. She demonstrated how useful single cyrstal X-ray measurements were to better understand the structures of organic and inorganic solid-state systems. Toward the end of her thesis she started to focus on supramolecular chemistry, particularly macrocycles, rotaxanes and catenanes.

## Research and career

Slawin joined the University of St Andrews in 1999. She was made a professor in 2004, and serves as Director of the Molecular Structure Lab. Her lab have sophisticated fully automated instrumentation for X-Ray Diffraction, including two rotating anodes and sensitive detectors. She called the system the Standard (St Andrews Automated Robotic Diffractometer), which she commercialised with Rigaku.
Slawin is one of the most frequent contributors to the Cambridge Crystallographic Database, having submitted over 3,500 entries. Slawin was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2011. The Royal Society of Chemistry named her one of their Golden Authors in 2021.

## Select publications

* Zhuojia Lin; Alexandra Martha Zoya Slawin; Russell Morris (30 March 2007). "Chiral induction in the ionothermal synthesis of a 3-D coordination polymer". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 129 (16): 4880–4881. doi:10.1021/JA070671Y. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 17394325. Wikidata Q34613668.
* Pier Lucio Anelli; Peter R. Ashton; Roberto Ballardini; et al. (January 1992). "Molecular meccano. 1. [2]Rotaxanes and a [2]catenane made to order". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 114 (1): 193–218. doi:10.1021/JA00027A027. ISSN 0002-7863. Wikidata Q56551235.
* Ross S Forgan; Ronald A Smaldone; Jeremiah J Gassensmith; et al. (20 December 2011). "Nanoporous carbohydrate metal-organic frameworks". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (1): 406–417. doi:10.1021/JA208224F. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 22092094. Wikidata Q38330220.
# Alf Higgs

Alfred James Higgs (born 1904) was a Welsh professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s. He played at representative level for Wales, and at club level for Oldham and Halifax as a centre.

## Background

Higgs was born in Pontypool, Wales, in 1904.

## Playing career
### Club career

Higgs played at centre in Halifax's 22–8 victory over York in the 1930–31 Challenge Cup Final during the 1930–31 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 2 May 1931, in front of a crowd of 40,368.

### International honours

Higgs won a cap for Wales while at Oldham in the 12–20 defeat by England at Central Park, Wigan on Wednesday 11 January 1928.

## Outside rugby league

After retiring from rugby, Higgs ran a grocery in Halifax before returning to Wales in 1940.
# Seibi Gakuen College

Seibi Gakuen College (星美学園短期大学, Seibi gakuen tanki daigaku) is a private junior college in Kita, Tokyo, Japan. The precursor of the school was founded in 1939, and it was chartered as a university in 1960.
# Charles Allé

Charles Allé (3 July 1904 – 15 September 1994) was a French footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Olympique de Marseille and the French national team between 1926 and 1934.

## Playing career

Born on 3 July 1904 in Oran, Algeria, Allé began his football career at his hometown club Ideal Club Oranais in 1918, after the end of the First World War, remaining there for two years, until 1920, when he joined FC Oranais, with whom he played one season, after which he joined GC Oranais, where he stayed for four years, until 1925, when he was signed by Olympique de Marseille. He was a goalkeeper with acrobatic flexibility, a sure eye, and impeccable positioning, who exceled in good horizontal, vertical and lateral passes on the ball. In his first season at the club, OM won the Coupe de France in 1926 after beating Valentigney 4–1 in the final, but he was not directly involved in this success, remaining at the bench as the replacement goalkeeper for Paul Seitz.
Together with Edouard Crut, Jean Boyer, and Jules Dewaquez, he was a member of the OM team coached by Victor Gibson that won the 1927 Coupe de France final, helping his side keep a clean-sheet in a 3–0 win over Quevilly. Allé also played a crucial role in the OM team that won the 1929 French Amateur Championship, beating Club Français 3–2 in the final on 28 April.
In the following month, on 26 May 1929, the 24-year-old Allé earned his first (and only) international cap for France in a friendly match against Belgium at Stade Vélodrome de Rocourt, conceding four goals in an eventual 4–1 loss. In his last seasons at OM, the club finished as runner-up in the inaugural edition of Ligue 1 in 1932–33 and reached the 1934 Coupe de France final, which ended in a 2–1 loss to Sète.
He remained loyal to OM for nine years, from 1925 to 1934, playing 104 official matches for the first time and 15 for the reserve team. After leaving OM, he played a further five seasons at CS Crédit Lyonnais de Marseille (CSCL de Marseille), with whom he won the Coupe de Provence in 1936, and where he retired in 1939, aged 34.

## Death and legacy

Allé died in 6th arrondissement of Marseille on 15 September 1994, at the age of 90. He was the first OM player to have a street named after him in the 8th arrondissement of Marseille on 12 May 2011, an initiate promoted by his son Paul, a renowned Marseille painter.

## Honours

Olympique de Marseille
* Coupe de France: 1927
* French Amateur Championship: 1929
* Ligue 1 runner-up: 1932–33
CSCL de Marseille
* Coupe de Provence: 1936
# Moshe Ber Beck

Moshe Ber Beck, or Moshe Dov Beck (Yiddish: משה בער בעק; May 17, 1934 – April 15, 2021), was a Hungarian-born American rabbi and anti-Zionist campaigner. He was the leader of one of the Neturei Karta branches in the United States.

## Biography

Moshe Ber Beck was born in Nyírbogát, Hungary. His early childhood was spent hiding with his brother from Nazi persecution until 1945, when Soviet troops took Budapest. In 1948, he migrated to Bnei Brak, Israel, where he began yeshiva studies. In 1959, he married the daughter of rabbi Shalom "Zeev" Wellwell Eisenbach, and at that time joined Neturei Karta, leaving the Vizhnitz Hasidic movement of which he had formerly been a part. and inspired for his strong opposition to Zionism. Subsequently lived in Monsey, New York, where he worked as a rabbi and anti-Zionist activist. Beck died from complications related to COVID-19 on 15 April 2021. He was 86 years old.

## Anti-Zionist campaigning

Moshe Ber Beck, along with other rabbis such as Yisroel Dovid Weiss, was known as a Haredi opponent of Zionism, but, like all of Neturei Karta, to an extent which put him far beyond the mainstream Haredi viewpoint. He was one of the leaders of Neturei Karta in the U.S. Among other activities, he participated in a visit to Iran in 2006 during which he met with President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to publicize Haredi opposition to Zionism. Beck denounced what he considered a political use of the Holocaust by what he called the Zionist establishment. In 2014, he appeared in a lengthy interview on the documentary Judaism in the Era of Zionism in which he laid out his anti-Zionist viewpoint.
Beck's opposition to Zionism was based, he claimed, upon the works of Satmar founder Joel Teitelbaum (especially Vayoel Moshe, a lengthy work which aims to demonstrate that Jews are commanded by the Torah to remain in exile until redeemed by the messiah and are therefore prohibited to establish an independent country).

## Disputes with Satmar

Although Beck's positions were based on Satmar's guiding ideas, this did not prevent a mutual distancing between him and the Hasidic group. Rabbi Moshe Ber Beck distanced himself from Satmar due to a previous dispute with members of the leadership of said religious movement regarding the suitability of the kosher meat certificates that its rabbis issued. Subsequently, the differences deepened with Rabbi Beck visit to Iran and his meeting with Ahmadinejad, Satmar accused Beck of allying with enemies of the Jewish people, and consequently Satmar Court condemned Neturei Karta's "fanaticism."

## List of works

The jewish home (1977), Derech hatzola, kumi tzuee, shulem bayis, Shabbos
# 1946 Western Michigan Broncos football team

The 1946 Western Michigan Broncos football team was an American football team that represented Michigan College of Education (later renamed Western Michigan University) as an independent during the 1946 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach John Gill, the Broncos compiled a 5–2–1 record and outscored their opponents, 158 to 100. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Tackle Clinton Brown was the team captain. Halfback Allen Bush received the team's most outstanding player award.
Western Michigan was ranked at No. 97 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System rankings for 1946.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | Ripon | Waldo StadiumKalamazoo, MI | W 47–0 | |
| October 5 | Ohio | Waldo StadiumKalamazoo, MI | L 7–25 | |
| October 12 | Butler | Waldo StadiumKalamazoo, MI | W 19–0 | 3,500 |
| October 19 | at Iowa State Teachers | O. R. Latham FieldCedar Falls, IA | T 0–0 | |
| October 26 | at Western Kentucky State Teachers | Bowling Green, KY | W 32–21 | |
| November 2 | Central Michigan | Waldo StadiumKalamazoo, MI (rivalry) | W 27–21 | 12,500 |
| November 8 | Valparaiso | Waldo StadiumKalamazoo, MI | W 26–13 | 3,500 |
| November 16 | at Miami (OH) | Miami FieldOxford, OH | L 0–20 | |
# Joseph Coenegracht

Joseph Coenegracht (born 15 October 1903, date of death unknown) was a Belgian footballer. He played in one match for the Belgium national football team in 1928.
# Seiryo Women's Junior College

Seiryo Women's Junior College (星稜女子短期大学, Seiryō joshi tanki daigaku) is a private women's junior college in Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, established in 1979.
# Ambrose Castellano

Ambrose M. Castellano is an American businessman and politician who served as a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 70th district from 2021–2024.

## Early life

A native of Las Vegas, New Mexico, Castellano graduated from West Las Vegas High School.

## Career

Prior to entering politics, he worked as a general contractor and rancher. He served on the board of trustees of Luna Community College and as a member of the West Las Vegas School Board.
He is a member of the Democratic Party. In October 2020, a complaint was filed against Castellano, alleging that he did not live within the boundaries of the 70th district. The complaint also alleged that Castellano used a post office box in Serafina, New Mexico as his permanent residence.
In the June 2020 Democratic primary, Castellano narrowly defeated Anita Gonzales. In the November general election, he defeated Republican nominee Nathan Dial. He assumed office in 2021, succeeding Tomás Salazar.
Castellano ran for reelection in 2024, but lost in the Democratic primary to Anita Gonzales.