OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2009–10 CERH European League

The 2009–10 CERH European League was the 45th edition of the CERH European League organized by CERH. Its Final Six was held in May 2010 at PalaLido in Valdagno, Italy.

## Group stage

In each group, teams played against each other home-and-away in a home-and-away round-robin format.
The group winners advanced directly to the Final Six while the runners-up advanced to a qualifying play-off.

### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | VIC | FOL | MAT | SOM |
| 1 | Vic | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 9 | +13 | 16 | Advance to Final Six | — | 2–1 | 5–2 | 3–1 |
| 2 | Follonica | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 23 | 17 | +6 | 9 | Advance to qualifying play-off | 2–5 | — | 9–1 | 6–2 |
| 3 | Mataró | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 27 | −12 | 6 | | 1–5 | 4–1 | — | 5–3 |
| 4 | Saint Omer | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 22 | −7 | 4 | | 2–2 | 3–4 | 4–2 | — |

### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | NOI | REU | CAN | WEI |
| 1 | Noia | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 23 | 18 | +5 | 13 | Advance to knockout phase | — | 3–2 | 5–1 | 4–3 |
| 2 | Reus Deportiu | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 22 | 13 | +9 | 13 | Advance to qualifying play-off | 4–4 | — | 5–1 | 7–0 |
| 3 | Candelária | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 23 | 21 | +2 | 9 | | 7–2 | 2–3 | — | 6–4 |
| 4 | Weil-Am-Reihn | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 11 | 31 | −20 | 0 | | 1–5 | 1–3 | 2–6 | — |

### Group C

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | BAR | LLO | BAS | QUE |
| 1 | Barcelona | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 6 | +30 | 18 | Advance to knockout phase | — | 4–0 | 9–3 | 10–1 |
| 2 | Lloret | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 25 | −5 | 10 | Advance to qualifying play-off | 2–6 | — | 6–5 | 3–2 |
| 3 | Bassano | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 27 | 33 | −6 | 7 | | 0–4 | 6–6 | — | 6–3 |
| 4 | Quévert | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 13 | 32 | −19 | 0 | | 0–3 | 2–3 | 5–7 | — |

### Group D

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | VAL | POR | VIA | ISE |
| 1 | Valdagno | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 34 | 18 | +16 | 13 | Advance to knockout phase | — | 5–3 | 3–5 | 7–3 |
| 2 | Porto | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 38 | 21 | +17 | 10 | Advance to qualifying play-off | 3–5 | — | 10–6 | 15–3 |
| 3 | Viareggio | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 24 | −2 | 8 | | 4–4 | 1–1 | — | 3–2 |
| 4 | Iserlohn | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 13 | 44 | −31 | 3 | | 0–10 | 1–6 | 4–3 | — |

## Qualifying play-off

The two winners of this play-off would join the Final Six competition with the four group winners.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Reus Deportiu | 9–6 | Lloret | 5–1 | 4–5 |
| Follonica | 6–11 | Porto | 4–6 | 2–5 |

## Final Six

The 2010 European League Final Six was held in May 2010 in Valdagno, Italy.

### Group stage
#### Group E

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Barcelona | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 7 | +8 | 4 |
| Porto | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 6 | +2 | 4 |
| Valdagno | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 15 | –10 | 0 |

#### Group F

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Vic | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | +1 | 4 |
| Reus Deportiu | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 7 | +2 | 3 |
| Noia | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 11 | –3 | 1 |

### Final

* FC Barcelona 19th Title
# Hans Davidsson

Hans Davidsson (born 1958) is a Swedish organist and pedagogue. He was one of the driving forces behind establishing the organ research center GOArt and the Eastman Rochester Organ Initiative. He is currently professor of organ at the Royal Danish Academy of Music.

## Life

Davidsson was born in Gothenburg and studied organ at its university with Hans Fagius and Rune Wåhlberg. He later spent three years at the Sweelinck Conservatory, Amsterdam, studying with Jacques van Oortmerssen. He began teaching organ at the university in 1986 and was appointed professor in 1988. In 1991 he became the first doctor of music performance in Sweden, successfully defending his dissertation on the organ music of Matthias Weckmann.
From 1995 until 2000 he was the director of the Göteborg Organ Art Center, GOArt, leading research in organ building and performance practice. From 2001 to 2012 he worked at the Eastman School of Music serving as professor of organ and project director of the Eastman Rochester Organ Initiative. In 2007 he was appointed professor of organ at University of the Arts Bremen and in 2011 professor of organ at the Royal Danish Academy of Music.
In January 2004 he was awarded H. M. The King's Medal for "significant accomplishments in musicology and music, primarily in the fields of organ research and organ education".

## Selected Recordings

* Eastman Italian Baroque Organ (2006), with David Higgs and William Porter.
* French Symphonic Masterpieces (2002)
* The Complete Organ Works of Matthias Weckman, recorded twice, in 1991 on the organ in the Ludgerikirche, Norden and in 2004 on the North German baroque organ in Örgryte Nya Kyrka, Gothenburg, Sweden.
* The complete organ works of Dieterich Buxtehude: Dieterich Buxtehude and the Mean-Tone Organ, Dieterich Buxtehude: the Bach perspective. and Buxtehude and the Schnitger Organ
# Washington Township, Nodaway County, Missouri

Washington Township is a township in southeastern Nodaway County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It contains about 47 sections. Guilford, its only remaining community, lies west of center one mile east of the Platte River, and New Guilford once existed west of Guilford but by the early 1900s the two communities were not distinguished.
Washington Township was first organized in 1845 and was named after President George Washington. The township was reduced in size in 1866 and again in 1871 to form Jefferson Township and Grant Township.
# 2009–10 CERS Cup

The 2009–10 CERS Cup was the 30th season of the CERS Cup, Europe's second club roller hockey competition organized by CERH. 28 teams from eight national associations qualified for the competition as a result of their respective national league placing in the previous season. Following a preliminary phase and two knockout rounds, Liceo won the tournament.

## Preliminary phase

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Biaca | 5–7 | Mérignac | 3–2 | 2–5 |
| Giovinazzo | 14–1 | Herne Bay United | 10–0 | 4–1 |
| Amatori Lodi | 11–6 | Noisy le Grand | 5–2 | 6–4 |
| Wimmis | 12–23 | Igualada | 5–8 | 7–15 |
| Juventude Viana | 8–11 | Liceo | 4–5 | 4–6 |
| Braga | 15–7 | Germania Herringen | 6–2 | 9–5 |
| Genève | 12–8 | Cronenberg | 7–4 | 5–4 |
| Seregno | 5–13 | Vilanova | 1–4 | 4–9 |
| Bassano | 13–8 | Uttigen | 9–2 | 4–6 |
| Benfica | 46–2 | Grimsby | 23–1 | 23–1 |
| Walsum | 6–14 | Coutras | 2–9 | 4–5 |
| PAS Alcoy | 13–5 | Dornbirn | 8–2 | 5–3 |

## Knockout stage

The knockout stage consisted in double-legged series for the round of 16 and the quarterfinals, where the four winners would join the Final Four.
| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Mérignac | 5 | 4 | 9 | | | | | | | | |
| Giovinazzo | 6 | 7 | 13 | | | | | | | | |
| Giovinazzo | 6 | 7 | 13 | Giovinazzo | 4 | 0 | 4 | | | | |
| | | | | Igualada | 1 | 8 | 9 | | | | |
| Amatori Lodi | 1 | 1 | 2 | Igualada | 1 | 8 | 9 | | | | |
| Igualada | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| Igualada | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | Igualada | Igualada | Igualada | 1 |
| | | | | | | | | Liceo | Liceo | Liceo | 2 |
| Oliveirense | 13 | 5 | 18 | | | | | Liceo | Liceo | Liceo | 2 |
| Genève | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| Genève | 1 | 2 | 3 | Oliveirense | 4 | 1 | 5 | | | | |
| | | | | Liceo | 3 | 5 | 8 | | | | |
| Liceo | 7 | 7 | 14 | Liceo | 3 | 5 | 8 | | | | |
| Braga | 2 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Braga | 2 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | Liceo | Liceo | Liceo | 7 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Blanes | Blanes | Blanes | 2 |
| Vilanova | 8 | 3 | 11 | | | | | | | | | Blanes | Blanes | Blanes | 2 |
| La Vendéenne | 1 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| La Vendéenne | 1 | 2 | 3 | Vilanova | 2 | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Benfica | 3 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Bassano | 3 | 0 | 3 | Benfica | 3 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| Benfica | 4 | 5 | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Benfica | 4 | 5 | 9 | | | | | Benfica | Benfica | Benfica | 2 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Blanes | Blanes | Blanes | 3 |
| Thunersten | 2 | 4 | 6 | | | | | Blanes | Blanes | Blanes | 3 |
| Blanes | 7 | 7 | 14 | | | | | | | | |
| Blanes | 7 | 7 | 14 | Blanes | 5 | 3 | 8 | | | | |
| | | | | Coutras | 1 | 4 | 5 | | | | |
| Coutras | 1 | 6 | 7 | Coutras | 1 | 4 | 5 | | | | |
| PAS Alcoy | 2 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | |

### Final Four matches
#### Final

* 2011 CERS Cup winners
* Liceo Third title
# Monsieur Aznavour

Monsieur Aznavour is a 2024 musical biographical drama film written and directed by Mehdi Idir and Grand Corps Malade. It is about the life of French singer Charles Aznavour, portrayed by Tahar Rahim, from his beginning as the son of Armenian immigrants to the rise of his career as a singer and actor which cemented his status as a beloved figure in France. The film was produced by Jean-Rachid Kallouche, who is married to Aznavour's daughter Katia. It is an international co-production between France and Belgium. It was theatrically released in France by Pathé on 23 October 2024.

## Cast

* Tahar Rahim as Charles Aznavour
* Bastien Bouillon as Pierre Roche
* Marie-Julie Baup as Édith Piaf
* Camille Moutawakil as Aïda Aznavour
* Ella Pellegrini as Micheline Rugel
* Hovnatan Avédikian as Misha Aznavourian
* Julien Campani
* Gulia Avetisyan as Mélinée Manouchian
* Lionel Cecilio as Gilbert Bécaud
* Petra Silander as Ulla Thorsell
* Sharon Mann as the interpreter
* Rupert Wynne-James as Frank Sinatra
* Tiffany Hofstetter as Kimberly
* Elisabeth Duda as Jeanne
* Anaïs Spinelli-Herry as Clarisse
* Tigran Mekhitarian as Missak Manouchian
* Nariné Grigoryan as Knar Baghdasarian
* Victor Meutelet as Johnny Hallyday

## Reception
### Critical response

On AlloCiné, the film received an average rating of 3.2 out of 5, based on 37 reviews from French critics.

### Accolades

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| César Awards | 28 February 2025 | Best Actor | Tahar Rahim | Nominated |
| César Awards | 28 February 2025 | Best Costume Design | Isabelle Mathieu | Nominated |
| César Awards | 28 February 2025 | Best Production Design | Stéphane Rozenbaum | Nominated |
| César Awards | 28 February 2025 | Best Visual Effects | Stéphane Dittoo | Nominated |
# 2022 Afghanistan Champions League

The 2022 Afghanistan Champions League was the second season of Afghanistan Champions League, the Afghan league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 2021. The season began on 6 November 2022 and ended on 9 December 2022. Attack Energy head into the season as the champions. Azadi Club and Atalan Club were relegated into the end of the season.

## Teams

The following 12 clubs competed in the 2022 Afghanistan Champions League season.
| Club | Location |
| Attack Energy SC | Herat |
| Abu Muslim FC | Farah |
| MGM Khadim | Sar-e Pol |
| Aino Mina FC | Kandahar |
| Mawj Sahel FC | Balkh |
| Maiwand FC | Helmand |
| FC Sorkh Poshan | Herat |
| Istiqlal FC | Kabul |
| Wahidy FC | Paktia |
| Khurasan FC | Faryab |
| Azadi Club | Ghazni |
| Atalan Club | Khost |

## Season summary

In the second 2022 season, Abu Muslim club came second after Attack Energy by 4 points. The two of 12 clubs finished without any defeat. During the Champions League games, the teams of Attack Energy and Abu Muslim played against each other, and this match ended with a result of 1–1.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Attack Energy (C) | 11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 6 | +30 | 31 | |
| 2 | Abu Muslim | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 35 | 13 | +22 | 27 | |
| 3 | MGM Khadim | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 36 | 18 | +18 | 23 | |
| 4 | Aino Mina | 11 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 23 | 17 | +6 | 18 | |
| 5 | Mawj Sahel | 11 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 31 | 22 | +9 | 17 | |
| 6 | Maiwand | 11 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 28 | 21 | +7 | 17 | |
| 7 | Sorkh Poshan | 11 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 17 | 14 | +3 | 12 | |
| 8 | Istiqlal | 11 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 27 | 26 | +1 | 12 | |
| 9 | Wahidy | 11 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 24 | 45 | −21 | 11 | |
| 10 | Khurasan | 11 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 13 | 35 | −22 | 8 | |
| 11 | Azadi Club (R) | 11 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 24 | 47 | −23 | 7 | Relegated |
| 12 | Atalan Club (R) | 11 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 17 | 47 | −30 | 4 | Relegated |
* ↑ Maiwand FC competed as Esmat Laghmani in the previous season.

## Results
### Round 11

* ↑ Also reported 4–2.
# Chinen, Okinawa

Chinen (知念村, Chinen-son, Okinawan: Chinin, Northern Ryukyuan: ちゑねん Chiwenen) was a village located in Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 5,947 and a density of 602.53 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 9.87 km$^2$. On January 1, 2006, Chinen, along with the town of Sashiki, and the villages of Ōzato and Tamagusuku (all from Shimajiri District), was merged to create the city of Nanjō.

## History

According to the Chūzan Seikan (1650), the creation goddess, Amamikyu, built Chinen Castle soon after forming the Ryukyu Islands. Chinen was important for later lords and kings because of its many holy sites, most notably Sefa-utaki.
The village of Chinen (pronounced shi-nen) was appropriated by the United States in 1948 for the purpose of building a secret Central Intelligence Agency operated logistics base, under US Army cover, known as Camp Chinen. Camp Chinen was closed after it was exposed in The Pentagon Papers. The Pentagon Papers revealed a 1961 memo from General Edward Lansdale to General Maxwell Taylor which states that a CIA support base in Okinawa at Camp Chinen housed a covert prison, in addition to a paramilitary training, research and logistics facility. The memorandum read:
       CIA Okinawa Support Base:
   "Okinawa Station is in itself a paramilitary support asset and, in critical situations calling for extensive support of Unconventional Warfare (UW) activity in the Far East, could be devoted in its entirety to this mission. Located at Camp Chinen, it comprises a self-contained base under Army cover with facilities of all types necessary to the storage, testing, packaging, procurement and delivery of supplies-ranging from weapons and explosives to medical and clothing. Because of it being a controlled area, it can accommodate admirably the holding of black bodies in singletons or small groups, as well as small groups of trainees..."
Upon its closure as a CIA station in July 1972, Camp Chinen served as a US Army Special Forces training center, and as a language school for U.S. soldiers studying Japanese and Korean, and for Japanese forces studying English. Camp Chinen closed in 1975.
# 2009 Dublin Central by-election

A by-election was held in the Dáil Éireann Dublin Central constituency in Ireland on Friday, 5 June 2009, following the death of the Independent Teachta Dála (TD) Tony Gregory on 2 January 2009. The by-election was held on the same day as the 2009 European and local elections. A by-election was held in the Dublin South constituency on the same date. There was no legal requirement on when to hold a by-election in Ireland in 2009 but they were generally held within six months.
The independent candidate Maureen O'Sullivan, Gregory's former election agent, was elected on the eighth count.

## Result

2009 Dublin Central by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | Count | Count | Count | Count | Count | Count | Count | Count |
| Party | Party | Candidate | FPv% | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| | Independent | Maureen O'Sullivan | 26.9 | 7,639 | 7,711 | 7,862 | 8,105 | 8,341 | 9,352 | 11,062 | 13,739 |
| | Fine Gael | Paschal Donohoe | 22.7 | 6,439 | 6,461 | 6,488 | 6,578 | 6,737 | 7,412 | 7,880 | 10,198 |
| | Labour | Ivana Bacik | 17.3 | 4,926 | 4,931 | 5,008 | 5,073 | 5,338 | 5,774 | 6,537 | |
| | Sinn Féin | Christy Burke | 13.3 | 3,770 | 3,780 | 3,902 | 3,990 | 4,042 | 4,420 | | |
| | Fianna Fáil | Maurice Ahern | 12.3 | 3,483 | 3,512 | 3,526 | 3,564 | 3,621 | | | |
| | Green | David Geary | 2.9 | 819 | 829 | 849 | 893 | | | | |
| | Immigration Control | Patrick Talbot | 2.2 | 614 | 636 | 676 | | | | | |
| | Workers' Party | Malachy Steenson | 1.8 | 519 | 528 | | | | | | |
| | Christian Solidarity | Paul O'Loughlin | 0.7 | 203 | | | | | | | |
| Electorate: 62,141 Valid: 28,412 Spoilt: 391 (1.4%) Quota: 14,207 Turnout: 28,803 (46.3%) ||||||||||||
# Footspeed

Footspeed, or sprint speed, is the maximum speed at which a human can run. It is affected by many factors, varies greatly throughout the population, and is important in athletics and many sports, such as association football, Australian rules football, American football, track and field, field hockey, tennis, baseball, and basketball.

## Factors in speed

The key determinant of footspeed in sprinting is the predominance of one distinct type of muscle fibre over another, specifically the ratio of fast-twitch muscles to slow-twitch muscles in a sprinter's physical makeup. Though fast-twitch muscles produce no more energy than slow-twitch muscles when they contract, they do so more rapidly through a process of anaerobic metabolism, though at the cost of inferior efficiency over longer periods of firing. The average human has an almost-equal ratio of fast-twitch to slow-twitch fibers, but top sprinters may have as much as 80% fast-twitch fibers, while top long-distance runners may have only 20%. This ratio is believed to have genetic origins, though some assert that it can be adjusted by muscle training. "Speed camps" and "Speed Training Manuals", which purport to provide fractional increases in maximum footspeed, are popular among budding professional athletes, and some sources estimate that 17–19% of speed can be trained.
Though good running form is useful in increasing speed, fast and slow runners have been shown to move their legs at nearly the same rate – it is the force exerted by the leg on the ground that separates fast sprinters from slow. Top short-distance runners exert as much as four times their body weight in pressure on the running surface. For this reason, muscle mass in the legs, relative to total body weight, is a key factor in maximizing footspeed.

## Limits of speed

The record is 44.72 km/h (27.78 mph), measured between meter 60 and meter 80 of the 100 meters sprint at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics by Usain Bolt. (Bolt's average speed over the course of this race was 37.578 km/h or 23.35 mph.) Compared to quadrupedal animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance, but incapable of great speed. Examples of animals with higher sprinting speeds include cheetahs which can attain short bursts of speed well over 100 km/h (62 mph), the American quarter horse has topped 88 km/h (55 mph), greyhounds can reach 70 km/h (43 mph), and the Mongolian wild ass has been measured at 64 km/h (40 mph). The domestic cat may reach 48 km/h (30 mph).
In the 2023 Chicago Marathon, Kelvin Kiptum set a time of 2:00:35. That equates to an average speed above 20 km/h,(12.47mph) for two hours.
# Keysville station

Keysville Railroad Station is a historic railway station located at Keysville, Charlotte County, Virginia. It was built by the Richmond and Danville Railroad in stages between 1890 and 1900, and is a one-story, vernacular frame railroad building. It contains offices and segregated waiting rooms at the north end and a large freight area extending to the south with docks on three sides. It remained in use as a passenger station until 1956. The Keysville Railroad Station appeared as the stations in Eastport, Maine, and in Warm Springs, Georgia, in the filming of Eleanor and Franklin, a television film about the Roosevelts that would earn 11 Emmy awards (1976).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
# Anatolijs Mackevičs

Anatolijs Mackevičs (born 18 January 1956) is a Latvian politician. He is a member of the LPP/LC and a deputy of the 9th Saeima (Latvian Parliament). He began his current term in parliament on November 7, 2006. In February 2004, Mackevičs was expelled from the opposition People's Harmony Party (TSP) because he joined the Latvian First Party (LPP) faction in the coalition. At the time, Vice-Chairman of the TSP Group, Andrei Klementev, called this treason. Along with Mackevičs, four more MPs of the Parliament passed the LPP, who got the sign “the five-man of the transgressor”. The assumption that LPP paid such a decision to the "rogue" was denied by the deputies themselves. The MPs who passed the LPP did not deny that this decision was taken to go to the governing coalition of the Saeima, because, according to Mackevičs, "other members of the Saeima elected from among Russian-speaking voters" have no opportunity to be in the coalition, which gives the opportunity to "solve the issues".
# Keep This Between Us

Keep This Between Us is an American four-part television documentary series which premiered on August 29, 2022 on Freeform.

## Production

On April 5, 2022, it was announced that Freeform had ordered the series, originally titled Dear Pony: Keep This Between Us which was originally set to premiere on June 15, 2022 before rescheduling to August 29.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Original release date | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Return to Little Elm" | Amy Berg & Jenna Rosher | August 29, 2022 (2022-08-29) | 0.10 |
| 2 | "The Rumors Are True" | Jenna Rosher | August 29, 2022 (2022-08-29) | 0.10 |
| 3 | "Passing the Trash" | Jenna Rosher | August 30, 2022 (2022-08-30) | N/A |
| 4 | "The Burden" | Kristi Jacobson | August 30, 2022 (2022-08-30) | N/A |
# Inclusion rider

An inclusion rider or equity rider is a provision in an actor's or filmmaker's contract that provides for a certain level of diversity in casting and production staff. For example, the rider might require a certain proportion of actors or staff to be women, people of color, LGBT people or people with disabilities. Prominent actors or filmmakers may use their negotiating power to insist on such provisions. The term is derived from the "rider", a provision in the contract of performing actors to ensure certain aspects of a performance such as personal amenities or technical infrastructure.

## History

The idea was developed by Stacy L. Smith, professor at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, in a 2014 op-ed for The Hollywood Reporter and in her 2016 TED talk. Together with the film executive Fanshen Cox DiGiovanni and the commissioner of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Kalpana Kotagal Smith created a template for an inclusion rider.
Inclusion riders became more widely known at the 2018 Academy Awards, when actress Frances McDormand said at the end of her Best Actress acceptance speech, "I have two words to leave with you tonight, ladies and gentlemen: inclusion rider!"
Still, in June 2019, the New York Times reported that inclusion riders remained rarely used, although studios pursued other diversity policies. In March 2018, Netflix CEO Reed Hastings declined to adopt an inclusion rider for Netflix productions.

## Use

The following people or institutions have committed to using inclusion riders or inclusion policies:

### Filmmakers

* Ben Affleck
* Matt Damon
* Paul Feig
* Michael B. Jordan
* Brie Larson

### Talent agencies

* William Morris Endeavor

### Entertainment companies

* Warner Bros. Discovery: The first film made with an inclusion rider is Just Mercy (2019).