OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Claude Wardlaw

Claude Wilson Wardlaw FRSE FLS (4 February 1901 – 16 December 1985) was a British botanist, who specialised in diseases of the banana.

## Early life and education

He was born in western central Scotland on 4 February 1901, the son of Major J. Wardlaw of the Highland Light Infantry. He was educated at Paisley Grammar School.
He studied Natural Sciences at University of Glasgow graduating BSc around 1920. He continued as a postgraduate gaining his doctorate PhD and then going to McGill University in Canada to gain a second doctorate DSc.

## Career and research

He then returned to Britain for final studies University of Manchester, gaining an MSc.
He began lecturing in botany at Glasgow University around 1927. In this year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Frederick Orpen Bower, James Montagu Frank Drummond, John Graham Kerr and William Wright Smith.
His professional specialism in bananas began in 1928, when he was appointed Plant Pathologist for Banana Research at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad. His focus was researching the Panama Disease that had affected plantations in the West Indies. His book Green Havoc (1935) describes his investigations. In the same year, he published another book, Diseases of the Banana, which was republished in an expanded edition as Banana Diseases in 1961 and 1972.
While in Trinidad, Wardlaw was also involved with the work of the Low Temperature Research Station, where he was appointed officer-in-chief in 1933, as well as researching various tropical fruits of the region.
In 1940, Wardlaw returned to Britain to serve as Professor of Cryptogamic Botany at the University of Manchester. He held this position until 1958, when he became the George Harrison Professor of Botany, and later Emeritus Professor of Botany in 1966.

### Publications

* Green Havoc (1935)
* Diseases of the Banana (1935)
* Tropical Fruits and Vegetables: Storage and Transport (1937)
* Phylogeny and Morphogenesis (1952)
* Embryogenesis in Plants (1955)
* Banana Diseases (1961)
* Organisation and Evolution in Plants (1965)
* Morphogenesis in Plants: A Contemporary Study (1968)
* Essays on Form in Plants (1968)
* Cellular Differentiation in Plants, and Other Essays (1969)

## Personal life

In 1928 Wardlaw married Jessie Connell (d.1971), with whom he had two sons.
# Azhar Suhail

Azhar Suhail (born 2 June 1949) was a Pakistani journalist, editor, media personality, and a bureaucrat born in Narang Mandi نارنگ منڈی, Sheikhupura. He wrote 5 books. In 1994, he received Pride of Performance (Urdu: تمغۂ حسنِ کارکردگی) which is a civil award given by the Government of Pakistan to Pakistani citizens in recognition of distinguished merit in the fields of literature, arts, sports, medicine, or science for civilians.

## Early life

Azhar Suhail was born in Narang Mandi نارنگ منڈی to Maulvi Ghulaam Ahmed and Iqbal begum in a town located in the Muridke Tehsil of Sheikhupura District, Punjab, Pakistan on 2 June 1949 two years after the partition of India.

### Family

His younger brother Athar Masood works for The Daily Jang (روزنامہ جنگ) newspaper based in Pakistan. His younger brother Abdul ghafoor abid works at associated press of Pakistan as senior journalist, reporter at daily Jang +Geo and he is famous as well as illustrious person in his town. On the other hand, his brother Abdul Rauf was elected as chairman of Narang Mandi and is also a notable personality in the area. Abdul Rauf had worked for APP and many news papers and he is a notable personality in social and political circle of the area. His youngest brother Abdul Shakoor khokhar joined Punjab Police as an ASI in 1991 and was serving as Reserve Inspector in Police Training College, Chung, Lahore until his death.

### Education and journalistic career

He received his early education in his native village with religious atmosphere at home. His father (Ghulam Ahmed) taught him Persian. For further studies he went to Lahore to Islamia College (Urdu: اسلامیہ کالج) is a group of three colleges in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan affiliated with the University of Punjab and Punjab University Oriental College (commonly known as Oriental College, is an old institution of Oriental studies in Lahore). While still a student at Islamia College, Lahore, he worked two jobs, one for weekly Chattan as sub editor with then famous Agha Shorish Kashmiri (scholar, writer, debater, and leader of the Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam party). He also wrote columns for then famous newspaper Kohistan. In between jobs, he worked in different departments of the government, but never left the pen alone.
He moved to Islamabad in 1977. He worked there for Daily Jang, Nawa-i-Waqt, and Daily Pakistan as magazine editor, chief reporter, journalist, and editor. Time to time. He received best reporter award from All Pakistan Newspapers Society. While he was working in between these newspapers.
He wrote 5 books Agencion ki Hakumat, Sazishon ka daur, Pir pagara ki kahani Kuch unki Kuch meri zabaani, Sindhri Sey Ojheri Camp Tak, General Zia ke giyarah sal.
In 1994 he started working as DG (Director General) a BPS-22 grade officer, the highest civil servant for Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) a government-operated national news agency of Pakistan. While serving for APP, he hosted a news show Muqabil Hai Aaina daily on PTV.

### Death

He died at 48 in London on 13 October 1997. And was buried by the side of his parents in Narang Mandi.
# Rui Cardoso (footballer, born May 1994)

Rui Filipe da Costa Cardoso (born 11 May 1994) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for AD Castro Daire as a forward.

## Football career

On 6 November 2013, Cardoso made his professional debut with Leixões in a 2013–14 Segunda Liga match against Santa Clara, when he replaced Mailó (79th minute).
# Olavi Lanu

Olavi Lanu, (10 July 1925 Viipurin maalaiskunta (former municipality of Finland) – 11 May 2015 Lahti) was a Finnish sculptor.
He took part to Venice Biennale in 1978 and had more publicity. Lanu's sculptures can be see example in Lanu-puisto. He used to use many kind of materials like wood, copper and concrete, but tried to make surface to mimic natural forms, example moss, bark and sand.
Olavi Lanu has also made so called land art.

## Some works

* Elämää suomalaismetsässä (1978)
* Kaari
* Keko
* Lehmus
* Rankakasa
* The three stones (1985)
# John Wishart (statistician)

John Wishart FRSE (28 November 1898 – 14 July 1956) was a Scottish mathematician and agricultural statistician.
He gave his name to the Wishart distribution in statistics.

## Life

Wishart was born in Perth, Scotland on 28 November 1898, the son of Elizabeth Scott and John Wishart of Montrose. His father was a bootmaker. The family moved from Montrose to Perth around 1903, living at 36 Robertsons Buildings on Barrack Street. He was educated at Perth Academy.
In the First World War he was conscripted into the Black Watch in 1917 and served two years in France.
He studied mathematics at the University of Edinburgh under Edmund Taylor Whittaker, graduating with an MA and BSc. He then went on to study at the University of Cambridge where he gained a further MA. He then gained a doctorate (DSc) at the University College London under Karl Pearson. After a year of teacher training at Moray College of Education in Edinburgh he then worked for some years as a Mathematics Teacher at West Leeds High School.
In 1927 he joined Rothamsted Experimental Station with Ronald Fisher, and then (from 1931) as a Reader in Statistics in the University of Cambridge where he became the first Director of the Statistical Laboratory in 1953. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1931, his proposers being Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Malcolm Laurie, Alexander Craig Aitken and Robert Schlapp.
He edited Biometrika from 1937. In 1950 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. He first formulated a generalised product-moment distribution named the Wishart distribution in his honour, in 1928.
In the Second World War he first served as a Captain in the Intelligence Corps then in 1942 became assistant secretary at the Admiralty.
Wishart drowned at the age of 57 in July 1956, having suffered a stroke while swimming in the sea at Revolcadero Beach, Acapulco. He was in Acapulco as a representative of the Food and Agriculture Organization, and on a mission to set up a research centre.

## Publications

* Biometrika

## Family

In 1924 he married Olive Pullan Birdsall in Leeds. They had two sons.
# John Maher (Gaelic footballer)

John Maher is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Galway county football team as a forward, and club football for Salthill-Knocknacarra.

## Intercounty

Maher made his debut during the 2018 FBD League, but didn't feature in any subsequest National League or Championship campaign until the Covid-hit 2020 National League season against Mayo. He was substituted at half time and would not appear for the county team again until the 2023 FBD League.
His championship debut came against Roscommon in the 2023 Connacht Championship on 23 April, where he scored two points.
Maher missed the first two games of Galway's 2024 Connacht Championship campaign due to injury but he returned for the Connacht final win against Mayo, replacing Kieran Molloy.
He made his first appearance in an All-Ireland Final as Galway lost out to Armagh in the 2024 decider.
He was nominated for the 2024 PwC GAA/GPA Footballer of the Year, but lost out to fellow Galway player Paul Conroy. He was named at Centre-half forward in the 2024 All-Star team.
# Barnes Cray

Barnes Cray is an area in south-east London within the London Borough of Bexley. It is located on the Greater London border with Kent, bordering the Dartford Borough. It is located north west of Dartford.

## History

Up until the Victorian era it was a hamlet a kilometre downstream of Crayford where no more than sixteen homes were clustered. A calico-printing works drew water power from the culverted River Wansunt in early Victorian times, being later adapted for the manufacture of rubber goods, then felt and finally Brussels carpets. This carpet mill was demolished by 1890 and Barnes Cray House, the next largest building, was cleared by 1933, ending its days as a nursing home.
The remnants of the settlement became absorbed into Crayford with the building of a munition village to facilitate the expansion of Vickers' armaments factory during the 1915 to 1919 period. In 1920 the area became part of the Crayford Urban District of Kent (having previously been in Dartford Rural District). Following World War I Crayford Urban District Council erected further housing estates to the north, eventually merging with estates spreading southwards from Erith. In 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, the urban district was abolished and its area transferred to Greater London to form part of the present-day London Borough of Bexley.
The Geoffrey Whitworth Theatre is in Barnes Cray.
The site of the current Barnes Cray Primary School is the proposed site for a new Academy for ages 3–19, which was consulted upon from September – December 2008, and the primary school will convert to the academy in September 2009, with the secondary part of the academy due to open in September 2010.

## Transport

Barnes Cray is served by the Transport for London bus service 428 to Erith via Slade Green and to Bluewater via Dartford. The nearest rail link to the area is at Crayford station.

## Nearest places

* Crayford
* Slade Green
* Dartford
* Barnehurst
# Pušovce

Pušovce (Rusyn: Пушовце, Hungarian: Pósfalva) is a village and municipality in Prešov District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

## Name

The name comes from a personal name Puš – a founder of the settlement and owner of the property.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1352.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 330 metres and covers an area of 4.41 km$^2$ (1.70 sq mi) (2020-06-30/-07-01).

## Population

It has a population of 526 people (2020-12-31).
# Paavo Korhonen

Paavo Jaakko Matias Korhonen (5 June 1928 – 29 September 2019) was a Finnish Nordic skier who won the individual titles at the 1957 Holmenkollen ski festival and 1958 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. He competed at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and placed fourth, fourth and ninth, respectively. At the 1952 games he also finished 14th in the 18 km cross-country skiing race, and in 1960 served as the Finnish Olympic flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Korhonen lived in his home town of Joutseno, where a statue is erected in his honor.

## Cross-country skiing results
### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1952 | 23 | 14 | — | — |
# Shelley Hirsch

Shelley Hirsch (born June 9, 1952 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American vocalist, performance artist, composer, improviser, and writer. She won a DAAD Residency Grant in Berlin 1992, a Prix Futura award in 1993, and multiple awards from Creative Capital, the Foundation for Contemporary Arts, the New York State Council for the Arts, four from NYFA and six from Harvestworks Digital Media Arts Center. She was a recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship in Music Composition .

## Life

Born and raised in Brooklyn NY, Hirsch dropped out of high school and moved to San Francisco, California, where she performed with The Theater of Man under Cecile Pineda, explored extended vocal techniques, and began composing pieces for voice. In Berlin she had her first totally free improvised music concert with Sven-Åke Johansson.
Several of Hirsch's works were commissioned by New American Radio, including #39 and The Vidzer Family (1991), and O Little Town of East New York, which was originally staged at Dance Theater Workshop in New York City (1991). As a radio play, O Little Town won first prize at the Prix Futura International Media Competition in Berlin. Hirsch performed her solo composition, States, at Alice Tully Hall in 1999, recorded it for Roulette TV, and expanded it to include a chorus at the Golden Mask Festival in Moscow, Russia (2016).
Hirsch has appeared at festivals and concert halls and museums on five continents and has performed at the Kitchen, Roulette, BAM, and many other venues around and beyond New York City. She appears on the recordings of John Zorn, Elliott Sharp, Jim Staley, among 60 others, and has improvised with artists including Christian Marclay, Ikue Mori, David Weinstein and Anthony Coleman. She released the LPs Singing, mostly solo and duos with David Simons and Sam Bennett (Apollo, 1987) and the CD album Haiku Lingo (Review, 1989) with David Weinstein. She created the role of Cassandra in the opera Agamemnon (1993), performing with Robert Ashley. In 1995, O Little Town of East New York was released on compact disc as part of the "Radical Jewish Culture" series on the record label Tzadik, followed by The Far In/Far Out Worlds of Shelley Hirsch (Tzadik 2002) and Where Were You Then? with Simon Ho (Tzadik 2012). In 2008 her piece, "In the Basement," was included on the compilation album Crosstalk: American Speech Music (Bridge Records) produced by Mendi + Keith Obadike.
Other Hirsch collaborators include Fred Frith, Greetje Bijma, Chantal Dumas, David Moss, Jerry Hunt, Toshio Kajiwara, Jin Hi Kim, Marina Rosenfeld and Ned Rothenberg, as well as visual artists Barbara Bloom and Jim Hodges, choreographer Noémie Lafrance, and filmmakers Nina Danino (Temenos soundtrack with Sainkho Namtchylak, 2001), Zoe Beloff, Abigail Child, and Lee Sachs. She recorded with September Band (Rüdiger Carl, Hans Reichel and Paul Lovens) and with X-Communication (Butch Morris, Martin Schütz and Hans Koch), and she has recorded interpretations of works by other composers, such as Cathy Berberian's, Stripsody, and Alvin Curran's, Philharmonie.
In 2018, New York University Special Collections acquired her archive.
# Peter Engel (author)

Peter Engel (born 1959) is an American origami artist and theorist, science writer, graphic designer, and architect. He has written several books on Origami, including Origami from Angelfish to Zen, 10-Fold Origami: Fabulous Paperfolds You Can Make in Just 10 Steps!, and Origami Odyssey.

## Education

Engel studied the history and philosophy of science as an undergraduate at Harvard University, where he began studying origami seriously under design scientist Arthur Loeb. In 1987 he graduated from Columbia University with a master's degree in architecture.

## Works

* Folding the Universe: Origami from Angelfish to Zen (1989) is his first book on origami. It is a highly unusual origami book in that besides the usual folding instructions, a significant portion was devoted to essays on the history of the craft as well as the theory. By exploring the relationship between art and science, and between creation, invention, and discovery, Engel provides unusual insights on the craft medium which has strict inherent constraints in favouring simple, geometric patterns and yet holds enough creative possibility within it to capture an unexpected range of complex forms. His models range from a unique coiled rattlesnake to a charming dollar bill bow tie to a delicate, detailed butterfly. The book also contains an interview with the legendary Japanese origami artist Akira Yoshizawa. Folding the Universe was later re-released as Origami from Angelfish to Zen.
* 10-Fold Origami: Fabulous Paperfolds You Can Make in Just 10 Steps! (2009) is his second book on origami.
* Origami Odyssey: A Journey to the Edge of Paperfolding (2011) is his third book on origami.
# Siege of Caizhou

The siege of Caizhou in 1233 and 1234 was a battle fought between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty and the allied forces of the Mongol Empire and Southern Song dynasty. It was the last major battle in the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty.

## Background

The Jin and Mongols had fought for decades beginning in 1211, when the Mongols first invaded under the command of Genghis Khan. The Jin capital, Zhongdu (present-day Xicheng and Fengtai districts, Beijing), had been besieged in 1213, then captured by the Mongols in 1215. In the intervening years, the Jin dynasty moved its capital to Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan Province). Ögedei Khan, the successor to Genghis Khan, rose to power after his predecessor died in 1227. In 1230, the war effort against the Jin dynasty recommenced. Emperor Aizong, the Jin ruler, fled when the Mongols besieged Bianjing. On February 26, 1233, he reached Guide (present-day Shangqiu, Henan Province), and then moved on to Caizhou (present-day Runan County, Henan Province), on August 3.

## Events

The Mongols arrived at Caizhou in December 1233. The Southern Song dynasty had rebuffed Emperor Aizong's plea for assistance, and joined forces with the Mongols. The Southern Song dynasty ignored Emperor Aizong's warning that they would become the Mongol Empire's next target.
Emperor Aizong tried to escape, but eventually committed suicide when he realised that the likelihood of escaping from Caizhou was no longer plausible. Before his death, he had abdicated his throne to Wanyan Chenglin, a general and descendant of the Jin imperial clan, on February 9, 1234. Caizhou was breached by Mongol and Song forces on the same day, and Wanyan Chenglin died in the ensuing melee, ending a reign that spanned less than a day.

## Aftermath

The Jin dynasty came to a close with the fall of Caizhou. The Southern Song dynasty was eager to exploit the destruction of the Jin dynasty by annexing Henan. They did not succeed and were repelled by the Mongols.
# Connecticut Route 152

Route 152 is a state highway in Connecticut running entirely within the town of Orange. It serves to connect the town center with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and Route 34.

## Route description

Route 152 begins at an intersection with US 1 (Boston Post Road) in Orange and heads generally north. It passes by the town center where the town hall, congregational church, and library are located about halfway along its journey. About 0.4 miles (0.64 km) north of the town center, it intersects with Old Grassy Hill Road, which is signed as a shortcut for the Wilbur Cross Parkway (Route 15). The road then curves to the right at a five-way intersection controlled by an all-way stop. After crossing Race Brook, Route 152 intersects with Lambert Road, which is a parallel route leading straight to Interstate 95 (I-95) several miles to the south. Route 152 ends 0.4 miles (0.64 km) later at an intersection with Route 34 (Derby Turnpike). The road continues across Route 34 as a local road that connects with Route 114 in northern Orange. The entire length of Route 152 is known as Orange Center Road. Route 152 is a minor arterial road and carries average daily traffic volumes of up to 11,400 between Old Grassy Hill Road and the town center.

## History

In the 1920s, the road between Route 34 and Route 1 through Orange center was a secondary state highway known as Highway 322. It differed slightly from modern Route 152 on its north end. Old Highway 322 instead used Mapledale Road (one of the branches of the five-way intersection) to reach Route 34. Route 152 was created in the 1932 state highway renumbering from old Highway 322. The northern end was shifted to its modern alignment in 1972.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Orange, New Haven County.
| mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | US 1 – Milford, New Haven | Southern terminus |
| 3.31 | 5.33 | Route 34 – Derby, New Haven | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# 1948 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team

The 1948 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1948 college football season. In their third year under head coach Buddy Brothers, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 0–9–1 record, 0–1–1 against conference opponents, and finished in fourth place in the Missouri Valley Conference.
Tulsa was ranked at No. 150 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | at Baylor* | Municipal StadiumWaco, TX | L 19–42 | 12,000–14,000 |
| October 2 | at Florida* | Florida FieldGainesville, FL | L 14–28 | 15,000 |
| October 9 | Texas Tech* | Skelly FieldTulsa, OK | L 20–41 | 11,277 |
| October 16 | Georgetown* | Skelly FieldTulsa, OK | L 7–13 | 7,206 |
| October 23 | No. 15 Nevada* | Skelly FieldTulsa, OK | L 14–65 | 13,000 |
| October 30 | at Wichita | Veterans FieldWichita, KS | T 14–14 | 12,500 |
| November 6 | Oklahoma A&M | Skelly FieldTulsa, OK (rivalry) | L 0–19 | 14,660 |
| November 13 | South Carolina* | Skelly FieldTulsa, OK | L 7–27 | 9,200 |
| November 20 | at Arkansas* | War Memorial StadiumLittle Rock, AR | L 18–55 | 18,000 |
| November 27 | Detroit | Skelly FieldTulsa, OK | L 22–26 | 3,406 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||

## After the season
### 1949 NFL draft

The following Golden Hurricane players were selected in the 1949 NFL draft following the season.
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL club |
| 12 | 116 | Jim Finks | Quarterback | Pittsburgh Steelers |
| 13 | 127 | Paul Barry | Gridiron | Los Angeles Rams |
| 24 | 234 | Jimmy Ford | Back | Green Bay Packers |
# Caiyunhu station

Caiyunhu station (Chinese: 彩云湖站; pinyin: Cǎiyúnhú Zhàn; lit. 'Caiyun Lake station') is a station on Loop line of Chongqing Rail Transit in Chongqing municipality, China. It is located in Jiulongpo District and opened in 2019.