# Socialist Party of New York

The Socialist Party of New York is the name of two distinct, but historically related state affiliates of the American socialist movement located in New York state. Emerging from a July 1899 split in the Socialist Labor Party of America, the organization existed first as the Social Democratic Party of New York, retaining that name even after the founding of the Socialist Party of America (SPA) in the summer of 1901. A presence was maintained in the state as the Socialist Party of New York for the next seven decades.
The SPNY is currently the state chapter of the Socialist Party USA (SPUSA), an organization which emerged from the ashes of the old SPA in 1973.

## Socialist Party of America and antecedents (1890s-1972)
### Forerunners

The Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) throughout its first fifteen years was primarily an organization of German immigrants. Organized in 1876, the party included sections from New York City and its environs from its date of origin.
By the decade of the 1890s the National Executive Committee of the SLP was based in New York, which was also the place of publication of the organization's official organs, including the English-language weekly, The People, and the German-language Vorwärts (Forward).
A bitter dispute over trade union policy led to a split of the SLP in July 1899, with a dissident faction (disparagingly known as the “Kangaroos”) headed by lawyers Henry L. Slobodin and Morris Hillquit. Fighting for control of the National Executive Committee and losing, a majority of the party's membership departed to launch a new organization — also confusingly known as the Socialist Labor Party and issuing an English-language weekly which made use of the same front page nameplate as that of its orthodox rivals.

### 1900 convention

On Saturday, June 16, 1900, a joint convention was held in New York City bringing together delegates from the dissident SLP and the Chicago SDP. A nine-member State Committee was elected that included, among others, German editor Herman Schlueter, Leonard D. Abbott, and future National Secretary of the Springfield SDP William Butscher.
For a number of years after the formation of the Socialist Party of America in the summer of 1901, the New York state affiliate of that organization retained its prior name, the Social Democratic Party of New York, owing to provisions of New York election law that made a renaming of the party without loss of its ballot line problematic. The party also retained the former ballot logo of the Social Democratic Party with headquarters in Springfield, an upraised arm bearing a torch.

### Growth

During its height in the 1910s, the party fielded candidates for the office of Mayor, seats in the New York State Assembly and the House of Representatives. In 1917, several anti-war organizations along with SPNY gathered to discuss the War in Europe. When they nominated Morris Hillquit for Mayor, the party was afraid he along with other members faced imprisonment because of the party's anti-conscriptionist platform. During the national convention for the SPNY of 1917, the party decided to create a party bureau which would support socialist agitators who faced jail time or were sent behind bars. During the national convention in 1918, they discussed the crisis in Russia and the election strategy for the gubernatorial election which was held later in 1918.
In 1920, Samuel Orr, Louis Waldman, Charles Solomon, Samuel DeWitt, and August Claessens were called before the Speaker of the New York State Assembly. The five were charged with being unfit for membership in the Assembly through their membership in the Socialist Party of America and its state affiliate, and were suspended from their seats by a vote of 140 supporting to 6 against suspension. A protracted political trial followed as to the fitness of the five Socialists to assume their seats, which ran throughout the winter and spring. The trial began on January 20, 1920.

## Socialist Party USA (1973-date)

The party is affiliated with the Socialist Party USA. It has a close relationship with the Green Party; as such, the Socialist Party almost never seeks ballot access, instead endorsing Green Party candidates (notably Howie Hawkins).
At the SPA's 1972 National Convention, which was held in Manhattan, the SPA changed its name to "Social Democrats, USA" by a vote of 73 to 34. During the convention, the majority won every vote, by a ratio of two to one. The Convention elected a national committee of 33 members, with 22 seats for the majority caucus, 8 seats for the coalition caucus of Michael Harrington, 2 for the Debs caucus, and one for the "independent" Samuel H. Friedman. Many former members of the Debs caucus joined David McReynolds in founding the Socialist Party of the United States of America in 1973.
After failing to renew their charter, the Socialist Party of New York City was revived in February 2017. As of April 2017, there are 3 locals of the Socialist Party in New York State; the Capital Region, Central New York and New York City.

## Presidential nominee results

In 1956, Darlington Hoopes ran as the final nominee of the Socialist Party of America but was not on the New York ballot. In 1976, following a split in the Socialist Party, Socialist Party USA began running independent candidates with the Socialist Party label. However, no SPUSA presidential nominee appeared on the ballot in New York until 2020, when Howie Hawkins was nominated by both SPUSA and the Green Party. He will appear on the ballot as a Green.
| Year | Nominee | Total Votes | Percent | Notes |
| 1900 | Eugene V. Debs | 12,869 | 0.83% | Social Democratic Party of America nominee |
| 1904 | Eugene V. Debs | 36,883 | 2.28% | |
| 1908 | Eugene V. Debs | 38,451 | 2.35% | |
| 1912 | Eugene V. Debs | 63,434 | 3.99% | |
| 1916 | Allan L. Benson | 45,944 | 2.69% | |
| 1920 | Eugene V. Debs | 203,201 | 7.01% | |
| 1924 | Robert M. La Follette | 268,510 | 8.23% | Dual endorsed Progressive Party nominee |
| 1928 | Norman Thomas | 107,332 | 2.44% | |
| 1932 | Norman Thomas | 177,397 | 3.78% | |
| 1936 | Norman Thomas | 86,897 | 1.55% | |
| 1940 | Norman Thomas | 18,950 | 0.30% | |
| 1944 | Norman Thomas | 10,553 | 0.17% | |
| 1948 | Norman Thomas | 40,879 | 0.66% | |
| 1952 | Darlington Hoopes | 2,664 | 0.04% | |
| 2020 | Howie Hawkins | 32,832 | 0.38% | Dually nominated by the Socialist Party and the Green Party |

## Members
### Federal

* Meyer London, U.S. Representative (1915–19, 1921–23)
* George R. Lunn, U.S. Representative (1917–19) (elected as a Democrat), Lieutenant Governor of New York (1923–24) (elected as a Democrat), Mayor of Schenectady (1912–13, 1916–17, 1919–23)

### State

* Matthew M. Levy, Justice of the New York Supreme Court (1951-71) (elected as a Democrat)
* Edmund Seidel, New York State Senator (1921–22)
* Herbert M. Merrill, New York State Assemblyman (1912)
* Abraham I. Shiplacoff, New York State Assemblyman (1916–18), New York City Alderman (1920–21)
* Joseph A. Whitehorn, New York State Assemblyman (1917–18)
* August Claessens, New York State Assemblyman (1918–20, 1922)
* William M. Feigenbaum, New York State Assemblyman (1918)
* Charles B. Garfinkel, New York State Assemblyman (1918)
* Benjamin Gitlow, New York State Assemblyman (1918)
* William Karlin, New York State Assemblyman (1918)
* Samuel Orr, New York State Assemblyman (1918, 1920, 1921)
* Elmer Rosenberg, New York State Assemblyman (1918)
* Louis Waldman, New York State Assemblyman (1918, 1920)
* Charles Solomon, New York State Assemblyman (1919–20, 1921)
* Sam DeWitt, New York State Assemblyman (1920)
* Henry Jager, New York State Assemblyman (1921)
* Nathaniel M. Minkoff, New York State Assemblyman (1938) (elected as an American Laborite)

### Local

* John H. Gibbons, Mayor of Lackawanna (1920–22)
* Jacob Panken, Judge of the New York City Municipal Court (1918–27)
* Abraham Beckerman, New York City Alderman (1918–21)
* Alexander Braunstein, New York City Alderman (1918–21)
* Maurice Calman, New York City Alderman (1918–19)
* Edward F. Cassidy, New York City Alderman (1921)
* Adolph Held, New York City Alderman (1918–19)
* Algernon Lee, New York City Alderman (1918–19, 1921)
* Barnet Wolff, New York City Alderman (1918–19)
* Baruch Charney Vladeck, New York City Alderman (1918–21), New York City Councilman (1938) (elected as an American Laborite)
* Salvatore Ninfo, New York City Councilman (1938–43) (elected as an American Laborite)
* Harry W. Laidler, New York City Councilman (1940–41) (elected as an American Laborite)
* Louis P. Goldberg, New York City Councilman (1942–43, 1946–49) (elected as an Independent)
* Gertrude W. Klein, New York City Councilwoman (1942-45) (elected as an American Laborite)

## Footnotes

* ↑ ”Two Years’ History of the SDP of New York,” ‘’The Worker’’ [New York], vol. 12, no. 16 (July 20, 1902), p. 1.
* ↑ "Warning to New Readers,"] The Worker [New York], vol. 13, no. 31 (Nov. 1, 1903), p. 4.
* ↑ "SDP Ticket In New York: The Party's Emblem," The Worker [New York], vol. 13, no. 31 (Nov. 1, 1903), p. 4.
* ↑ "Socialists Fling at all the Parties" (PDF). The New York Times. October 13, 1913. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ "Sulzer Appeal Under Way?" (PDF). The New York Times. October 26, 1913. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ "Pacifist Demand War Referendum" (PDF). The New York Times. February 5, 1917. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ "Socialist Expect Trouble for Ticket". The New York Times. July 9, 1917. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ "Socialist Count on Anti-War Voters" (PDF). The New York Times. June 30, 1918. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ Journal of the Assembly of the State of New York, Volum 4. University of Michigan. 1920. pp. 33–55. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
* ↑ Confessore, Nicholas (2009-10-21). "When the Assembly Expelled Socialists for Disloyalty". City Room. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
* ↑ Waldman, Louis (1920). Albany: The Crisis in Government. Boni & Liveright, New York. p. 50. Retrieved February 27, 2010. Albany: The Crisis in Government.
* ↑ Anonymous (27 December 1972). "Young Socialists open parley; to weigh 'New Politics' split". New York Times. p. 25.
* ↑ Anonymous (31 December 1972). "Socialist Party now the Social Democrats, U.S.A." New York Times. p. 36. Retrieved February 8, 2010. The New York Times reported on the 1972 Convention on other days, e.g., Johnston, Laurie (31 December 1972). "Young Socialists support Meany; Group urges the Democrats to join labor movement". New York Times. p. 36. Johnston, Laurie (28 December 1972). "Young Socialists defeat motion favoring recognition of Cuba". New York Times. p. 15.
* ↑ Anonymous (1 January 1973). "'Firmness' urged on Communists: Social Democrats reach end of U.S. Convention here". New York Times. p. 11.
* ↑ "Socialist Party USA on Twitter: "This evening, the @SPofUSA National Action Committee voted to officially charter the Socialist Party's New York City local! #NYC"". Twitter. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
* ↑ "States & Locals - Socialist Party USA". Retrieved 1 April 2017.