OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NASA Chief Scientist

Chief Scientist is the most senior science position at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The chief scientist serves as the principal advisor to the NASA Administrator in science issues and as interface to the national and international science community, ensuring that NASA research programs are scientifically and technologically well founded and are appropriate for their intended applications.

## History

The Chief Scientist position was created to advise the NASA Administrator on budget, strategic objectives, and current content of NASA's science programs. The Chief Scientist works closely with appropriate representatives of the NASA Strategic Enterprises and the Field Centers, as well as advisory committees and the external community. The Chief Scientist represents the agency's scientific objectives and accomplishments to other federal agencies, industry, academia, other government organizations, the international community, and the general public.
The chief scientist chairs the NASA Science Council, a forum for discussion of the agency policies, practices, and issues from the viewpoint of the science disciplines.
The NASA chief scientist position was discontinued in September 2005 and many of the functions moved to be within the Science Mission Directorate (SMD).
The position was restored in 2011.

## List of chief scientists

The following is a list of NASA chief scientists. All officeholders have earned multiple masters and doctoral degrees in a hard science or engineering.
| No. | Name | Term |
| 1 | Frank B. McDonald | 1982–1987 |
| 2 | Noel Hinners | 1987–1989 |
| 3 | France A. Córdova | 1993–1996 |
| 4 | Kathie L. Olsen | May 24, 1999–April 2002 |
| 5 | Shannon Lucid | February 2002–September 2003 |
| 6 | John M. Grunsfeld | September 2003–October 20, 2004 |
| 7 | James B. Garvin | October 21, 2004–September 2005 |
| Position was eliminated in September 2005 but was restored in January 2011 |||||
| 8 | Waleed Abdalati | January 3, 2011 to December 2012 |
| – | Gale Allen | December 2012–August 24, 2013 |
| 9 | Ellen Stofan | August 25, 2013–December 2016 |
| – | Gale Allen | December 2016–April 30, 2018 |
| 10 | Jim Green | May 1, 2018 – December 31, 2021 |
| 11 | Katherine Calvin | January 10, 2022–present |
# Pasquale Scimeca

Pasquale Scimeca is an Italian film director and screenwriter.

## Filmography

* Il giorno di San Sebastiano (Saint Sebastian's Day) (1993)
* Placido Rizzotto (2000)
* Gli indesiderabili (2003)
* Il cavaliere sole (2008)
* Malavoglia (2010)
* Biagio (2014)
# Cases-de-Pène

Cases-de-Pène (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Caças de Pène; Catalan: Cases de Pena) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography
### Localisation

Cases-de-Pène is located in the canton of La Vallée de l'Agly and in the arrondissement of Perpignan.
vtePlaces adjacent to Cases-de-Pène :
Vingrau (by a quadripoint)
Tautavel
Cases-de-Pène
Espira-de-l'Agly
Estagel
Calce
Baixas :

## Politics and administration
### Mayors

| Mayor | Term start | Term end |
| Michèle Jodar | ? | 2001 |
| Jeannine Rolland | 2001 | 2008 |
| Théophile Martinez | 2008 | |

## Population and society
### Education

The town of Cases-de-Pène has a kindergarten and elementary school, with about 112 children.
Following a conflict between the mayor and the teacher in 1908, as she refused to resign, the mayor had a brickwall built in front of the school's entrance to force her to leave.
# KPDQ (AM)

KPDQ (800 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Portland, Oregon. It is owned by Salem Media Group and serves the Portland metropolitan area, with a Christian talk and teaching radio format known as "True Talk 800." The studios and offices are on SE Lake Road in Milwaukie. KPDQ is co-owned with KPDQ-FM, also a Christian talk and teaching station. Each station runs its own schedule.
By day, KPDQ is powered at 1,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna. But because AM 800 is a Mexican clear channel frequency reserved for XEROK in Ciudad Juarez, KPDQ must reduce power at night to 500 watts to avoid interference. The transmitter is off SW Vermont Street in Beaverton, Oregon. In Portland and adjacent communities, KPDQ programming can also be heard on 99 watt FM translator K292HH, at 106.3 MHz.

## History

KPDQ first signed on the air on July 30, 1947; 77 years ago (1947-07-30). It was owned by George W. Davis, who also served as president. For its first four decades on the air, KPDQ was a daytimer, powered at 1,000 watts but required to go off the air at sunset. The station specialized in religious programming.
In 1961, KPDQ added an FM station, KPDQ-FM, originally at 93.7 MHz. At first, it was a simulcast of KPDQ, but began separate religious programming by the end of the 1960s. In the 1980s, Davis' son, George Davis II, became the president of the Inspirational Broadcasting Corporation, the new name for the company that owned both stations.
In August 1986, Inspirational Broadcasting sold KPDQ-AM-FM to Salem Media. Shortly after the purchase, Salem Media got permission from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast around the clock on KPDQ, with reduced nighttime power at 500 watts. Salem also added an FM translator in the mid-2010s, for listeners who prefer FM radio.
# Peduoviridae

Peduoviridae is a family of viruses in the class Caudoviricetes. It was previously treated as a subfamily of the morphology based family Myoviridae, which has been found to be paraphyletic and is no longer recognised. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. The family contains 58 genera.

## Taxonomy

The following genera are recognized:
* Aptresvirus
* Aresaunavirus
* Arsenicumvirus
* Arsyunavirus
* Baylorvirus
* Bielevirus
* Bracchivirus
* Canoevirus
* Catalunyavirus
* Citexvirus
* Dagavirus
* Duodecimduovirus
* Duonihilunusvirus
* Eganvirus
* Elveevirus
* Entnonagintavirus
* Evevirus
* Felsduovirus
* Finvirus
* Firavirus
* Gegavirus
* Gegevirus
* Gemsvirus
* Graikaemvirus
* Hpunavirus
* Inibicvirus
* Irrigatiovirus
* Irtavirus
* Kapieceevirus
* Kayeltresvirus
* Kisquattuordecimvirus
* Kisquinquevirus
* Longwoodvirus
* Maltschvirus
* Mersinvirus
* Nampongvirus
* Novemvirus
* Peduovirus
* Phitrevirus
* Piscesmortuivirus
* Playavirus
* Plazymidvirus
* Quadragintavirus
* Reginaelenavirus
* Reipivirus
* Sanguivirus
* Senquatrovirus
* Seongnamvirus
* Simpcentumvirus
* Tigrvirus
* Tresduoquattuorvirus
* Valbvirus
* Vimunumvirus
* Vulnificusvirus
* Wadgaonvirus
* Xuanwuvirus
* Yongunavirus
* Yulgyerivirus

## Structure

Viruses in Peduoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Head-tail geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm. Genomes are linear, around 33kb in length. The genome codes for 45 proteins.

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.
# Mario Bermejo

Mario Bermejo Castanedo (born 7 October 1978) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a striker.
A veteran in the Segunda División, he amassed totals of 267 games and 73 goals for eight clubs over nine seasons. In La Liga, he played for Racing de Santander, Athletic Bilbao, Recreativo, Xerez and Celta, scoring 12 goals for Xerez and 17 in total.

## Club career

Bermejo was born in Santander, Cantabria. In his early years he played one game each in La Liga with Racing de Santander and Athletic Bilbao, and then went on to represent teams in the lower leagues on loan. His official debut with Athletic came in a 1997–98 UEFA Cup match at U.C. Sampdoria, playing the final 32 minutes in the place of Ismael Urzaiz in an eventual 2–1 win; he was deemed eligible to play for the team because of his father's Basque roots and an uncle's connections to the club hierarchy.
For the 2002–03 season, Bermejo was released by Athletic and returned to the top flight with Recreativo de Huelva. In 2004–05, he was instrumental in helping Racing de Ferrol to retain their status, ending the campaign as top scorer with 25 goals – this included four past UD Almería in a 6–1 away victory, Ferrol's biggest ever in that league.
The following campaigns were also spent in the second division, with Albacete Balompié and Almería. He scored five league goals for the Andalusians in 2006–07, helping them to reach the top tier for the first time ever.
After a season-long loan at Polideportivo Ejido, Bermejo was released and joined another side in the region, Xerez CD. 2008–09 was highly productive both collectively (promotion, also a first-ever) and individually (12 league goals, third-best in the squad, to Momo's 17 and Antoñito's 13), and the player, aged 30, agreed to a new two-year contract. They were immediately relegated the following campaign, but the player ranked amongst the league's top scorers at 12, also netting in the last minute of a 2–1 home win against Almería on 1 May 2010.
Bermejo signed with division two's RC Celta de Vigo in late June 2011. He contributed eight goals from 35 appearances – 30 starts – in his first season as the Galicians returned to the top flight after five years, his third promotion. In July 2014 the 35-year-old retired from the game, and was immediately appointed director of football at his last club.

## Honours

Xerez
* Segunda División: 2008–09
Individual
* Segunda División top scorer: 2004–05
# Lac-Lapeyrère

Lac-Lapeyrère (French pronunciation:) is a municipal unorganized territory, part of Portneuf in Quebec, (Canada). The RCM is included in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale. This area of the north shore of St. Lawrence river and the west bank of the Batiscan River is located about 75 kilometers northeast of Shawinigan, Quebec. The unorganized territory Lac-Lapeyrère includes Lapeyrère Township, which was established in 1907. The canton is one sector of Portneuf Wildlife Reserve and Zec Tawachiche. Territory Lac-Lapeyrère has several major water bodies including lakes Garneau, Travers, Robinson, Casgrain, Tage and Lapeyrère, and is drained to the east by the Batiscan River.
Lac-Lapeyrère unorganized territory was legally constituted on January 1, 1986 and has 411.84 square kilometres (159.01 sq mi). According to the Canadian census of 2011, no resident was living permanently on the territory.

## Toponymy

Three homonyms using "Lapeyrère" exist: "Lac-Lapeyrère" (unorganized territory), the lake "Lapeyrère" and the Township Lapeyrère. Located in the north of the township of Lapeyrère, the lake is the largest in this unorganized territory.
The designation of these three homonyms refers to a passage in Quebec in 1906 of the warship "Tage" commissioned by Augustin Boué Lapeyrère (1852-1924), who became vice-admiral in 1908 and French Minister of Marine 1909 to 1911. Mr. Lapeyrère became commander in chief ally in the Mediterranean in 1914 and organized the blockade of the Austro-Hungarian fleet in the Adriatic.
The name "Lake Lapeyrère" (unorganized territory) was formalized on March 13, 1986, in the register of the names of places in the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Québec).
# Iwakuni Junior College

Iwakuni Junior College (岩国短期大学, Iwakuni tanki daigaku) is a private junior college in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, Japan. The school was established in 1971 as a women's junior college. In 1998 it became coeducational.
# Glossary of file systems terms

This is a glossary of common file system terms.

## Dates handled

What type of dates and times the file system can support, which may include:
# Rina De Liguoro

Rina De Liguoro (24 July 1892 – 15 April 1966) was an Italian film actress. Born Elena Caterina Catardi, she changed her name after marrying film actor and director Wladimiro De Liguoro in 1918. She appeared in leading roles in a number of Italian epics during the 1920s such as The Last Days of Pompeii. She later appeared in character roles after an unsuccessful spell in Hollywood. Her final film was Luchino Visconti's The Leopard.

## Selected filmography

* Savitri Satyavan (1923)
* Messalina (1924)
* Quo Vadis (1924)
* The Hearth Turned Off (1925)
* The Last Days of Pompeii (1926)
* Anita (1927)
* The Loves of Casanova (1927)
* The Courier of Moncenisio (1927)
* Cagliostro (1929)
* The Mysterious Mirror (1928)
* The Beautiful Corsair (1928)
* Assunta Spina (1930)
* Madame Satan (1930)
* Romance (1930) as Nina
* Behold My Wife (1934)
* The Mad Empress (1939)
* Caterina da Siena (1947)
* Buffalo Bill in Rome (1949)
* Tomorrow Is Another Day (1951)
* The Leopard (1963)
# Meyler

Meyler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernadette Meyler, American legal scholar
* David Meyler (born 1989), Irish footballer
* Fintan Meyler (1929–2005), Irish actress
* Hugh Meyler (1875–1929), British politician
* John Meyler (born 1956), Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer
* Trevor Meyler (born 2003), BWB Panther
# Louis-Eugène Mouchon

Louis-Eugène Mouchon (30 August 1843, in Paris – 1914) was a French painter, graphic artist, medalist, engraver and sculptor. He created state papers, stamps, coins, currency and medals. He was the son and pupil of Louis Claude Mouchon, the painter. He exhibited at the Salon from 1876 onwards and became an Associate of the Artistes Francais in 1888. His most famous stamps are the Mouchon series and the Navigation & Commerce series of French postage stamps. His medals can be found in the collection of several museums.

## Postage stamps

Next to stamps for France, Mouchon also designed for Abyssinia, Argentina, Belgium (Brussels Exhibition), Greece, Guatemala, Luxemburg, Monaco, the Netherlands, Persia, Portugal and colonies, Russia and Serbia.
* For the Guatemala 1878 series
* A 4c stamp for Côte d'Ivoire of the Navigation & Commerce series, 1892.
* Stamp of the Olympic Games in Athens, 1896
* The Mouchon type of France, first issued in 1900.
* A stamp for the Azores 1906 engraved by Mouchon.

## Medals and currency

Mouchon entered the field of medal making at the age of forty three. He was made a knight of the Legion of Honor in 1895 and won the grand prize for engraving at the Universal Exposition in Paris, 1900. He designed coins and the plates for currency for Portugal.
* 1905, Angelo Mariani and the use of coca leaf in Vin Mariani, proprietary medicine. Bronze, 37 x 52mm.
* 1905, Angelo Mariani and the use of coca leaf. Bronze, 37 x 52mm.
# Carrier grade

In telecommunications, a "carrier grade" or "carrier class" refers to a system, or a hardware or software component that is extremely reliable, well tested and proven in its capabilities. Carrier grade systems are tested and engineered to meet or exceed "five nines" high availability standards, and provide very fast fault recovery through redundancy (normally less than 50 milliseconds).
"Carrier grade" is not a standard or very clearly defined term but, rather, a set of features and qualities that make the product acceptable by a carrier. The feature set that enables the carrier to utilize the business with use of that equipment are: high quality and very good MTBF (some requirements are stated in TR-144 chapter 7.17), redundancy (if one part goes down, there is an alternative), easy and cost-efficient operations and maintenance (O&M), all of which are standardized as much as possible.
# John Wesley Cromwell Jr.

John Wesley Cromwell Jr. (September 2, 1883 – December 16, 1971) was an American educator and accountant. He was the first Black certified public accountant (CPA) in the United States.

## Early life and education

John Wesley Cromwell Jr. was born on September 2, 1883, in Washington, D.C., to parents John Wesley Cromwell Sr. and Lucy McGuinn; his sister was the writer Otelia Cromwell. In 1851, Cromwell Jr.'s grandfather, Willis H. Cromwell, purchased his family's freedom from slavery in Virginia and relocated them to Philadelphia. His son, John Wesley Cromwell Sr., went on to become a prominent lawyer, historian, journalist, and civil rights activist; he also published The People's Advocate in the late 19th century. Cromwell Jr. attended the preparatory department of Howard University before attending Dartmouth College, where he specialized in mathematics and astronomy. He graduated with honors in 1906 and earned a Master of Arts degree in 1907. While at Dartmouth, he joined the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, received the Thayer Prize in Mathematics, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa honor society.

## Career

After graduating from Dartmouth, Cromwell Jr. returned to Washington, D.C., where he taught German, Latin, and mathematics at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School from 1907 to 1930. He also developed an interest in accounting and began independent study in the field. In 1921, Cromwell Jr. took and passed the New Hampshire certified public accounting exam, becoming the first Black certified public accountant (CPA) in the United States. Unlike many other states, New Hampshire did not have an experience requirement for CPA licensure at the time. These experience requirements often posed a barrier for Black Americans seeking to enter the profession due to limited access to employment opportunities within established accounting firms.
After receiving his CPA license, Cromwell continued to teach while also establishing his own accounting practice in Washington, D.C. His clientele primarily consisted of Black-owned businesses and organizations in the Washington, D.C. area, including churches, restaurants, and funeral homes. From 1930 to 1933, Cromwell Jr. served as comptroller of Howard University. Following his role as comptroller, he engaged in private accounting practice until his retirement in 1956. He was a member of both the American Institute of Accountants and the American Mathematical Society.

## Personal life

In 1918, Cromwell Jr. married Yetta Mavritte, a cousin of Senator Edward Brooke of Massachusetts. The marriage ended in divorce in 1945. Their daughter, Adelaide M. Cromwell, pursued a career in academia, becoming a professor of sociology at Boston University.
Cromwell Jr. was an avid bridge player and participated in the establishment of the American Bridge Association in 1932. This organization was formed in response to the prevailing exclusion of Black players from organized bridge tournaments at the time.
John Wesley Cromwell Jr. died at his residence in Washington, D.C., on December 16, 1971, at the age of 88.
# Post Proper Northside

Post Proper Northside, also known as Post Proper North Fort Bonifacio Barangay 30, or simply Northside, is one of the 38 barangays of Taguig, Philippines. It is the fourth most populous barangay in the city, with a population of 57,940 according to the 2020 census. It is one of the ten Embo barangays, and one of the two Inner Fort barangays, the other being the Post Proper Southside Occupied by Bonifacio Global City
Overlapping Bonifacio Global City

## Geography

The administrative division claims an area of 2.376 square kilometers (0.917 sq mi). The entire area is currently under the jurisdiction of Taguig, mostly overlapping its barangay Fort Bonifacio. Most of Bonifacio Global City is covered by the barangay. The non-overlapping portion, meanwhile, is a small area located between barangays Cembo and West Rembo which consists of Makati City Jail, Teachers' Compound, and Villa Kalayaan, all situated to the north of Kalayaan Avenue.

### Divisions

* Makati City Jail
* Teachers' Compound
* Villa Kalayaan

## Demographics

As per the 2020 census by the Philippine Statistics Authority, the barangay has a population of 57,940, making it the second most populous barangay of Makati at that time. Since it was transferred to Taguig, it is currently the fourth most populous barangay of the city.

## Government

Like all other barangays of the Philippines, the barangay government of Post Proper Northside consists of the barangay captain, its chief executive and presiding officer of the seven-member Sangguniang Barangay. It also has a Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) chairman and a seven-member SK council. The aforementioned officials are all elected. Its seat of government, the barangay hall, is located at the Macda Compound along J. P. Rizal Avenue in Cembo. The previous location was along Lawton Avenue, prior to the construction of the Santa Monica–Lawton Bridge.
Its incumbent barangay captain is Richard Pasadilla, while its incumbent SK Chairman is Joshua Daniel Espejo.
# Kacho College

Kacho College (華頂短期大学, Kachō tanki daigaku) is a private women's junior college in Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, established in 1953.
# Kaleshwar Mandir

Kalyaneshwar Mandir is more-than-500-year-old Shiva temple situated in Bally, Howrah near Belurmath. It is very famous and visited by millions of monks and devotees around India every year. Kali, Ganesh, Vishnu and Bajrangbali Temples surround it.

## History

The structure is about 400 years old and is said to have been started by the Pandavas and it was then continued by the Katoch Dynasty. According to legends, Ramakrishna Dev used to visit the temple frequently along with his followers and founder members of Ramakrishna Mission including Swami Vivekananda, Swami Brahmananda and others. This ritual is still followed by the monks of Ramakrishna Mission.

## Festivals

The famous festivals in this temple are MahaShivaratri & Charaksankranti. A very famous puja (prayer) is organized for that purpose.
# Into the Light (Weber novel)

Into the Light is an alien invasion science fiction novel by David Weber and Chris Kennedy released by Tor Books on January 12, 2021. It is the continuation of Weber's earlier book, Out of the Dark. A third book in the series, To Challenge Heaven, was released on January 16, 2024.

## Plot

On a devastated Earth, salvaged Shongairi technology sets humanity up to recover and advance beyond the tragedy of alien invasion, soon to be united under the banner of the newly formed Planetary Union. As the leap in technology and scientific knowledge sets humanity up for a bright interstellar future, Dave Dvorak starts looking among the stars for allies in the coming confrontation with the Galactic Hegemony.
At the same time, Vlad Dracuela and Stephen Buchevsky lead the captured and now vampire-crewed Shongairi fleet on its journey to enemy space.

## Main characters
### Humans

* Dave Dvorak: The owner of an indoor shooting range and one of the leaders of the new U.S. government
* Rob Wilson: A former U.S. Marine sergeant and Dvorak's brother in law
* President Howell: The President of the United States

### Vampires

* Vlad Draculea (a.k.a. Mircea Basarab): A Romanian vampire with a long and mysterious past.
* Major Dan "Longbow" Torino: A former U.S. Air Force pilot turned Vampire leader
* Stephen Buchevsky: A former U.S. Marine and Vlad's first lieutenant

## Reception

This book was reviewed by the Wall Street Journal and Publishers Weekly.
# Schizothyrium pomi

Schizothyrium pomi is a plant pathogen of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex, infecting apple, pear and citrus trees and carnations.
As of 2008 it has been a presumed teleomorph of Zygophiala jamaicensis.