# Crawford County, Arkansas

Crawford County is a county located in the Ozarks region of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 60,133. The county seat and largest city is Van Buren. Crawford County was formed on October 18, 1820, from the former Lovely County and Indian Territory, and was named for William H. Crawford, the United States Secretary of War in 1815.
Located largely within the Ozarks, the southern border of the county is the Arkansas River, placing the extreme southern edge of the county in the Arkansas River Valley. The frontier county became an early crossroads, beginning with a California Gold Rush and developing into the Butterfield Overland Mail, Civil War trails, and railroads such as the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway, the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad, and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway. Today, the county is home to the intersection of two major interstate highways, Interstate 40 (I-40) and I-49. Crawford County is part of the Fort Smith metropolitan area. As a dry county, alcohol sales are generally prohibited, though recent changes to county law provide for exemptions.

## Geography

Crawford County is located in the northwest region of Arkansas. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 604 square miles (1,560 km$^2$), of which 11 square miles (28 km$^2$) (1.8%) are covered by water.

### Major highways

* Interstate 40
* Interstate 49
* US 64
* US 71
* Highway 59
* Highway 60
* Highway 162
* Highway 282
* Highway 348
Crawford County is included in an area designated for a planned extension of I-49 into Arkansas. The final project will connect New Orleans, Louisiana, to Kansas City, Missouri, a large trucking corridor, which is currently not served by an interstate highway. The proposed highway would use portions of I-49 that currently runs north from Van Buren toward the Missouri state line passing through Benton County, home of Walmart. The corridor was listed as the number-one high-priority corridor by transportation officials in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act.

### Transit

* Jefferson Lines

### Adjacent counties

* Washington County (north)
* Madison County (northeast)
* Franklin County (east)
* Sebastian County (south)
* Le Flore County, Oklahoma (southwest)
* Sequoyah County, Oklahoma (west)
* Adair County, Oklahoma (northwest)

### National protected area

* Ozark National Forest (part)

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Crawford County racial composition :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 47,627 | 79.2% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 857 | 1.43% |
| Native American | 1,366 | 2.27% |
| Asian | 939 | 1.56% |
| Pacific Islander | 27 | 0.04% |
| Other/mixed | 4,750 | 7.9% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 4,567 | 7.59% |
As of the 2020 United States census, 60,133 people, 23,958 households, and 17,082 families resided in the county.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 53,247 people, 19,702 households, and 15,150 families residing in the county. The population density was 35/km$^2$ (91/sq mi). The 21,315 housing units had an average density of 14/km$^2$ (36/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 92.19% White, 0.87% Black or African American, 2.01% Native American, 1.19% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.48% from other races, and 2.24% from two or more races. About 3.27% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race.
Of the 19,702 households, 37.5% had children under 18 living with them, 62.2% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were not families. About 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the county, the age distribution was 28.2% under 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $32,871, and for a family was $36,741. Males had a median income of $29,581 versus $20,352 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,015. About 10.9% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.3% of those under 18 and 13.70% of those 65 or over.

## Controversy

Thousands of self-claimed "Western Band of Cherokee" (or Arkansas Cherokees) fought for state and federal recognition as a political entity of Native Americans. Crawford County (specifically, that area known as "Lovely's Purchase") was historically part of the Cherokee Nation, which lost its tribal sovereignty status as a result of the U.S. Civil War in the 1860s. The Cherokee Nation was subsequently relocated to the west in the present-day state of Oklahoma.
The violent arrest of Randal Worcester by two Crawford County sheriff's deputies and one Mulberry police officer took place in Mulberry, Crawford County, in August 2022.

## Government

Crawford County is a longtime Republican stronghold, so much so that not even former governor and native Arkansan Bill Clinton was able to carry it in either of his presidential victories. The last Democrat (as of 2024) to carry this county was Jimmy Carter in 1976.
United States presidential election results for Crawford County, Arkansas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 18,615 | 78.10% | 4,753 | 19.94% | 466 | 1.96% |
| 2020 | 18,607 | 77.24% | 4,959 | 20.58% | 525 | 2.18% |
| 2016 | 16,686 | 74.33% | 4,488 | 19.99% | 1,276 | 5.68% |
| 2012 | 15,145 | 73.55% | 4,881 | 23.70% | 565 | 2.74% |
| 2008 | 14,688 | 71.54% | 5,238 | 25.51% | 606 | 2.95% |
| 2004 | 13,391 | 65.64% | 6,764 | 33.16% | 246 | 1.21% |
| 2000 | 10,804 | 61.30% | 6,288 | 35.68% | 533 | 3.02% |
| 1996 | 7,182 | 45.42% | 6,749 | 42.68% | 1,883 | 11.91% |
| 1992 | 6,882 | 42.57% | 6,656 | 41.18% | 2,627 | 16.25% |
| 1988 | 9,092 | 70.85% | 3,582 | 27.91% | 158 | 1.23% |
| 1984 | 9,551 | 75.20% | 3,071 | 24.18% | 79 | 0.62% |
| 1980 | 8,542 | 66.22% | 3,948 | 30.61% | 409 | 3.17% |
| 1976 | 4,764 | 44.48% | 5,946 | 55.52% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 6,974 | 81.41% | 1,520 | 17.74% | 72 | 0.84% |
| 1968 | 2,723 | 37.73% | 1,578 | 21.86% | 2,917 | 40.41% |
| 1964 | 3,294 | 48.07% | 3,537 | 51.62% | 21 | 0.31% |
| 1960 | 3,373 | 57.10% | 2,430 | 41.14% | 104 | 1.76% |
| 1956 | 3,090 | 52.88% | 2,723 | 46.60% | 30 | 0.51% |
| 1952 | 2,782 | 52.80% | 2,477 | 47.01% | 10 | 0.19% |
| 1948 | 1,002 | 33.94% | 1,730 | 58.60% | 220 | 7.45% |
| 1944 | 1,141 | 39.87% | 1,702 | 59.47% | 19 | 0.66% |
| 1940 | 691 | 29.81% | 1,581 | 68.21% | 46 | 1.98% |
| 1936 | 697 | 26.09% | 1,963 | 73.47% | 12 | 0.45% |
| 1932 | 809 | 21.16% | 2,962 | 77.46% | 53 | 1.39% |
| 1928 | 1,559 | 47.21% | 1,743 | 52.79% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 996 | 34.23% | 1,445 | 49.66% | 469 | 16.12% |
| 1920 | 1,497 | 44.06% | 1,861 | 54.77% | 40 | 1.18% |
| 1916 | 1,195 | 42.42% | 1,622 | 57.58% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1912 | 407 | 21.65% | 969 | 51.54% | 504 | 26.81% |
| 1908 | 1,339 | 43.49% | 1,661 | 53.95% | 79 | 2.57% |
| 1904 | 941 | 49.97% | 875 | 46.47% | 67 | 3.56% |
| 1900 | 1,060 | 41.78% | 1,449 | 57.11% | 28 | 1.10% |
| 1896 | 1,311 | 40.98% | 1,870 | 58.46% | 18 | 0.56% |

## Communities
### Cities

* Alma
* Cedarville
* Dyer
* Kibler
* Mountainburg
* Mulberry
* Van Buren (county seat)

### Towns

* Chester
* Rudy

### Unincorporated community

* Dora
* Natural Dam
* Uniontown

### Townships

Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Crawford County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township.
* Alma (most of Alma)
* Bidville
* Cedar Creek
* Cedarville (Cedarville)
* Chester (Chester, small part of Mountainburg)
* Cove City
* Dean Springs (small part of Alma)
* Dora (part of Van Buren)
* Dyer (Dyer, small part of Alma)
* Jasper
* Kibler (most of Kibler)
* Lancaster
* Lees Creek
* Locke
* Mountainburg (most of Mountainburg)
* Mulberry (most of Mulberry)
* Oliver Springs
* Porter
* Rudy (Rudy, very small part of Alma)
* Uniontown
* Upper
* Van Buren (most of Van Buren, part of Kibler)
* Vine Prairie (part of Mulberry)
* Whitley
* Winfrey