OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julian Pitt-Rivers

Julian Alfred Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers (16 March 1919 – 12 August 2001) was a British social anthropologist, an ethnographer, and a professor at universities in three countries.

## Family background

Pitt-Rivers was a great-grandson of the archaeologist Augustus Pitt Rivers. His father was the anthropologist and propertied aristocrat George Henry Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers and his mother, Mary Hinton, was an actress and daughter of the governor-general of Australia, the 1st Baron Forster. His parents divorced in 1930, and through his father's second marriage (1931–1937) he gained as his stepmother Dr Rosalind Pitt-Rivers, an eminent biochemist. He had two brothers, one by each of his father's marriages. His elder brother Michael inherited their father's substantial estates, and in the 1950s was caught in a legal case which contributed to national debate. His younger half-brother Anthony was born in 1932. After the war, his father fell in love with Stella Lonsdale; she changed her name to his, but they never married. When George Pitt-Rivers died in 1966, he left much of his fortune to her.

## Education and scholarship

Julian Pitt-Rivers attended Eton College and Worcester College, Oxford. Through his work as an ethnographer of empathic considerations for cultural diversity, he rebelled against his father, a Mosleyite eugenicist who was interned by the British government in the early years of World War II.
Pitt-Rivers received his doctorate in 1953, which was derived from his fieldwork in Andalusia, Spain, that led to his publication of the classic anthropological text The People of the Sierra in 1954. The introduction was provided by his Oxford professor, E. E. Evans-Pritchard. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Chicago. In addition, he taught at the London School of Economics and several universities in France, including the École Pratique des Hautes Études in Paris (now the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales).

## Personal life

Pitt-Rivers was married three times. His first wife, whom he married on 17 August 1946, was Pauline Laetitia Tennant, daughter of actress Hermione Baddeley and aristocrat David Tennant. They divorced in 1953. In 1955, he married Margarita Larios y Fernández de Villavicencio, the former wife of Miguel, duke of Primo Rivera; they divorced in 1971. His third wife, whom he married in 1971, was Françoise Geoffroy, who survived him. He had no children. During his last years, he was affected by dementia that set in nearly five years before his death in 2001 and while he was still producing excellent work.

## Publications

* Pitt-Rivers, Julian. The fate of Shechem:or, The politics of sex: essays in the anthropology of the Mediterranean. Cambridge [Eng.]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
* Pitt-Rivers, Julian, Ed., Mediterranean countrymen;essays in the social anthropology of the Mediterranean, Paris: Mouton, 1963.
* Pitt-Rivers, Julian Alfred, The people of the Sierra. Introd. by E. E. Evans-Pritchard. New York: Criterion Books, 1954.
# Dave Underwood

Edmund David Underwood (15 March 1928 – 25 January 1989) was an English footballer. He played for several clubs as a goalkeeper, most notably in the Football League for QPR, Watford, Liverpool and Fulham. He later player served Hastings United as a player-manager, Wealdstone as manager, and Barnet as chairman.
During his time as Barnet chairman, he helped former England international Jimmy Greaves overcome his alcohol addiction.
# Godey Lime Kilns

The Godey Lime Kilns, also known as Washington Lime Kilns, are an historical industrial building ruin, located beside the interchange of Rock Creek Parkway and Whitehurst Freeway, near the western end of L Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood.

## History

Located on the east bank of Rock Creek, at the terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, the kilns produced lime for construction of the city of Washington, D.C. Built in 1864, by William H. Godey, the site originally included four wood-fired ovens that were used to make lime and plaster, from limestone. The business was operational until 1907, when all of the wooden structures at the site were removed.
Two of the four kilns were removed to make way for ramps between Rock Creek Parkway and Whitehurst Freeway. A partial restoration of the remaining kilns was completed by January 1, 1967. The remains were added to the National Register of Historic Places, on May 22, 1973.
# Texians

Texians were Anglo-American residents of Mexican Texas and, later, citizens of the Republic of Texas. Today, the term is used to identify early Anglo settlers of Texas, especially those who supported the Texas Revolution. Mexican settlers of that era are referred to as Tejanos, and American citizens of the modern State of Texas regardless of race and ethnicity are known as Texans.

## History
### Colonial settlement

Many different settler groups came to Texas over the centuries. Spanish colonists in the 17th century linked Texas to the rest of New Spain. French and English traders and settlers arrived in the 18th century, and more numerous German, Dutch, Swedish, Irish, Scottish, Scots-Irish, and Welsh settled in the years leading up to Texas independence in 1836. Before Texas became a sovereign state in 1836, Texian referred to any resident, of any race, color or language.
In 1834–1836, the Texian Army was organized for the Texas Revolution of independence from Mexico, a nation which had won its independence from Spain in 1821. Although the Texian army was predominantly made up of Anglo-Americans who traced their ancestries to Colonial America, it was a diverse group of people from many different nations and states. The Texian Army was composed of Tejano volunteers,$^{:24}$ volunteers from the Southern United States; and immigrants directly from Europe including countries like England, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Portugal, and what is now the Czech Republic. Used in this sense, terms like "Texian Army", "Texian forces", or "Texian troops" would refer to any of the inhabitants of Texas, in that era, who participated in the Texas Revolution.

### Republic of Texas

Texian was a popular demonym, used by Texas colonists, for all the people of the Republic of Texas (1836–1846), before it became a U.S. state. This term was used by early colonists and public officials, including many Texas residents, and President Mirabeau Lamar frequently used it to foster Texas nationalism.
Over time, the English-speaking Americans in Texas began to champion the usage of "Texan" instead of "Texian". Overwhelming numbers in the United States used the term Texan. Due to the 19th-century influx of Americans into the Republic and later U.S. state of Texas, Texan became the standard term after 1850.
The Texas Almanac of 1857 bemoaned the shift in usage, saying
   "Texian...has more euphony, and is better adapted to the conscience of poets who shall hereafter celebrate our deeds in sonorous strains than the harsh, abrupt, ungainly, appellation, Texan—impossible to rhyme with anything but the merest doggerel."$^{:176}$
The Almanac continued to use the earlier term until 1868. Many who had lived through the times of Revolution and Republic continued to call themselves Texians into the 20th century.

## Armed forces

* Texian Militia
* Texian Navy
# Issam Abu Jamra

Issam Abu Jamra (Arabic: عصام أبو جمرا; born 6 February 1937) is a retired Lebanese major general and a politician, who served as deputy prime minister in the cabinets of Michel Aoun and Fouad Siniora. Until 2010 he was part of the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM).

## Early life and education

Jamra was born in Kfeir, Hasbeya, south Lebanon, into a Greek Orthodox family on 6 February 1937. He attended Lebanese army's military academy and graduated as an artillery officer in 1959. In addition, he obtained a bachelor's degree in law from Lebanese University in 1984.

## Career

Abu Jamra began his career in Lebanese army in 1956. After serving in different positions in the army and defense ministry, he was appointed deputy prime minister to the interim military government under Michel Aoun on 22 September 1988 and was in office until 13 October 1990. He also served as minister of telecommunications and minister of economy from 22 April 1988 to 25 November 1989. He replaced Georges Saadeh as telecommunications minister. Jamra was succeeded by Joseph El Hachem in the post. Jamra became major general in 1990.
He was appointed deputy prime minister to the cabinet headed by Prime Minister Fouad Siniora on 11 July 2008. He was part of the oppositional share in the cabinet. He was FPM's candidate for Greek Orthodox seat in Beirut's first district in the parliament elections held in June 2009. However, he lost his seat to Nayla Tueni.

### FPM and exile

Jamra is one of the founders of the FPM and was a parliament member from the party. In 1990, he was exiled to France with Aoun after the latter headed the interim government. They left Lebanon on 30 August 1990, and went first to Larnaca and then to France. France granted them and their families asylum. They both returned to Lebanon on 7 May 2005 after fifteen years in exile.
Although Jamra was a close aide of Aoun, he left the party in 2010.

## Personal life

Jamra's spouse died in France while they were in exile there in the 1990s. He has four sons. One of them, Fadi Jamra, is a politician.
# Declan Meehan (radio presenter)

Declan Meehan (Irish: Déaglán Ó Míocháin) is an Irish radio presenter. Currently fronting The Morning Show with local radio station East Coast FM, his career has incorporated involvement with multiple pirate radio stations (including Radio Milinda, the first to be raided and prosecuted) and, later, RTE Radio 2 (where he was one of the pioneering station's original presenters). From there he moved to the superpirates of the 1980s, before a spell with legal radio in London, England. He is remembered for "presenting a cool and calm front". on the morning that Radio Nova was raided in May 1983. He had joined the station from Sunshine Radio.
When Radio Milinda was threatened with closure in December 1972, Meehan declared on air in the week prior to the eventual raid, that they would "fight anybody who tried to close them down". Years later, he commented on the raid:
   "We were fined £2, all the equipment was confiscated and it was great fun, a great adventure."

## List of stations worked with

* Radio Vanessa 1970–1972
* Radio Valerie (Arno St.Jude)1972
* Radio Milinda (Arno St.Jude) 1972
* RTÉ Trinity Radio 1976 Temporary Licence
* ARD (Arno St.Jude) 1976–1978
* Big D 1978 (Declan Matthews)
* ARD 1979
* RTÉ Radio 2 1979–1980
* Sunshine Radio (Used his real name on pirate radio from this period on) 1980–1982
* Radio Nova 1982–1984
* Capital Radio London 1984–1988
* RTÉ Millennium Radio 1988
* Century Radio 1989–1991
* FM 104 1992–1996
* East Coast FM 1994–present. He has presented the weekday mid-morning slot for many years,
* Radio Ireland/Today FM 1997–2016. "Sunday Breakfast with Declan Meehan" 7am – 10am every Sunday morning
# Dennis Bardens

Dennis Bardens (born 19 July 1911 in Midhurst, Sussex – 7 February 2004 London) "played a brief, but crucial, role in broadcasting history" as the founder of the BBC television programme Panorama, a show which would later inspire the American television show 60 Minutes. Dennis Bardens was a freelance London journalist for most of his career.

## Biography

According to his obituary Bardens journalistic career involved work at all the major London newspapers, and even a stint as a spy during World War II. In the words of The Guardian:
   "Meanwhile, Bardens was proving himself as a journalist, working, during the 1930s, for the Sunday Chronicle, Sunday Express and Daily Mirror. In 1940, he became a distinguished reporter of the Blitz. After discharge from the Royal Artillery on medical grounds, he spent two years with the Ministry of Information, and was in charge of coordinating plans for newspaper services in Britain in the event of a German invasion. In 1943, he was transferred to liaison work with the Czechoslovak government in exile, which included, at the end of the war, secret service work in Czechoslovakia."
After the war Bardens published history and biography in addition to his occasional journalism. These include, the following, which is not an inclusive list.
    Elizabeth Fry (1961)
    Churchill in Parliament (1969)
    Portrait of a statesman: the personal life story of Sir Anthony Eden (1955)
    Lord Justice Birkett (1962)
    Princess Margaret (1965)
    A History of Barrow Hepburn & Gale (1947)
Dennis Barden's books also demonstrate his interest in psychic phenomena, an interest he shared with his good friend, Austin Osman Spare. Bardens wrote Ghosts and Hauntings 1965, Mysterious Worlds (1970) and Psychic Animals: An Investigation of Their Secret Powers (1990).
Bardens was a member of The Ghost Club and Ghost Club Society, as well as International Pen, the Society of Authors and the National Union of Journalists. He married Marie Marks in 1936, and their only child Peter Bardens (1944–2002) became a rock keyboard musician.
Dennis Bardens was a keen Freemason and a member of several Lodges in England, mostly meeting at Great Queen Street in London.
Bardens was a member of the Travellers Club located in Pall Mall as a result of his Intelligence work for the Security Services and travel overseas.
Through his close friendship and association with the artist and occultist Austin Osman Spare, Bardens had contact with Aleister Crowley (who in turn had been a friend of Spare). Spare had an unspecified disagreement with Crowley which ended their friendship.
# Older Scots

Older Scots refers to the following periods in the history of the Scots language
* Pre-literary Scots to 1375
* Early Scots to 1450
* Middle Scots to 1700
The online Dictionary of the Scots Language includes the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue.
# John Ray (footballer)

John Walter Ray (born 21 November 1968) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Colchester United.

## Career

Born in Newmarket, Ray was a regular in the Colchester United youth teams and reserves, and was offered a short-term professional contract with the option of a further year towards the end of his apprenticeship with the club in the 1987–88 season after impressing manager Roger Brown. Having sat on the substitutes bench for a number of games, Ray finally played his one and only Football League game on 30 January 1988, as a substitute for Tony English, where he handled the ball to concede a penalty and allow Scarborough to score their third in a 3–1 defeat for Colchester at the McCain Stadium.
Following his solitary appearance, he went out on loan to Wycombe Wanderers alongside fellow youth product Scott Young before he was released by Colchester on his return. He subsequently joined a host of Essex-based non-league clubs, including Aveley, Barking, Billericay Town, Ford United, Grays Athletic, Romford and Tilbury.
# Senecio garlandii

Senecio garlandii, commonly known as woolly ragwort, is a species of daisy native to southern New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria.

## Description

Senecio garlandii is an erect, perennial shrub that grows to a height of 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in). The stems and lower leaf surface are densely covered with white, cottony hairs, whilst the leaves grow to 15 cm long and 8 cm wide, with toothed edges. The leaves are stalkless and clasp the stem. The numerous small flower heads are clustered in sprays and mature into light brown fruits that are grooved and covered with slender white hairs.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in dry schlerophyll forests and open woodlands, on the sheltered south and east facing slopes of rocky outcrops between Wyalong, NSW to Chiltern, Victoria. The species is capable of regenerating in both the absence and presence of fire, however fire facilitates germination and some resprouting occurs after fire.

## Conservation status
### Australia

Woolly ragwort was previously listed under the EPBC Act as Vulnerable but was removed in 2013 after it was reassessed by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee.

### NSW

The species is listed as Vulnerable in NSW under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016.

### VIC

The species is listed as Critically Endangered in Victoria under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.

## Conservation actions

Woolly ragwort occurs in several protected areas, including The Rock Nature Reserve, Tabletop Nature Reserve, Benambra National Park and Ulandra Nature Reserve in NSW, and in the Chiltern-Mt Pilot National Park in Victoria.
# Gary Stenlund

Gary Michael Stenlund (August 7, 1940 - January 9, 2024) was an American athlete. He held the Junior World Record for javelin and set many records for Oregon State. He placed second in the NCAA javelin in 1960 for Oregon State. He won second place at the Pan American Games in 1967 with a throw of 73.96m. He competed in the men's javelin throw at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Throwing for Oregon State University, he finished second at the 1960 NCAA Championships. He broke the M65 world record in the javelin with a 56.93 in the Hayward Masters Classic. He is also the former M70 world record holder, set in Sacramento, California, while winning the Masters Athletics World Championships. He broke the Master's World Record for M75 with a 47.12 meter javelin throw in 2016 at the age of 76.
Stenlund struggled with alcoholism which showed even during his participation in the Olympic Trials. He achieved sobriety in his 40's. He and a friend worked on Jantzen Beach, OR replacing stringers on houseboats. He built his own houseboat prior to this. Later in life he moved to Costa Rica where he competed in the javelin in Panama and threw regularly at a local field. He was the co-owner and worker of his own coffee farm. He returned to Washington and continued with javelin, competing and setting records into his 70's. He never stopped practicing the javelin.
# 14th People's Choice Awards

The 14th People's Choice Awards, which honored the best in popular culture for 1987, were held in 1988. They were broadcast on CBS.

## Winners

Favorite Female Performer in a New TV Program: Dolly Parton
Favorite New TV Dramatic Program: Thirtysomething
Favorite TV Dramatic Program: L.A. Law
Favorite Young TV Performer: Kirk Cameron, Keshia Knight Pulliam (tie)
Favorite Female TV Performer: Cybill Shepherd
Favorite Male Musical Performer: Kenny Rogers
Favorite Motion Picture Actress: Glenn Close
Favorite All-Around Male Entertainer: Bill Cosby
Favorite Comedy Motion Picture: Three Men and a Baby
Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture: Fatal Attraction
Favorite Female Musical Performer: Whitney Houston
Favorite Male Performer in a New TV Program: John Ritter
Favorite All-Time Motion Picture Star: Clint Eastwood
Favorite All-Time Song: "Somewhere My Love (Lara's Theme)"
Favorite Rock Group: Bon Jovi
Favorite TV Comedy Program: The Cosby Show
Favorite All-Time TV Star: Bill Cosby
Favorite All-Time Musical Star: Barbra Streisand
Favorite Male TV Performer: Bill Cosby
Favorite Motion Picture Actor: Michael Douglas
Favorite All-Around Female Entertainer: Dolly Parton
Favorite New TV Comedy Program: A Different World, My Two Dads (tie)
Favorite Talk Show Host: Oprah Winfrey
# Liu Xiangdong

Liu Xiangdong (born (1993-02-23)23 February 1993) is a Chinese male volleyball player. He is part of the China men's national volleyball team. On club level he plays for Jiangsu.
# Elk River (West Virginia)

The Elk River is a tributary of the Kanawha River, 172 miles (277 km) long, in central West Virginia in the United States. Via the Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

## Course

The Elk is formed in the Allegheny Mountains in Pocahontas County by the confluence of two short streams, the Big Spring Fork and the Old Field Fork, which join near the community of Slatyfork. It flows above ground for several miles before it sinks into a network of caverns and flows underground for more than five miles. The old riverbed of solid rock, however, remains above ground in this section known as "The Dries." It follows a generally westward course across the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau, through Randolph, Webster, Braxton, Clay, and Kanawha Counties, past the towns of Webster Springs, Sutton, Gassaway, Clay, Clendenin, and Elkview before joining the Kanawha River at Charleston.
At Sutton, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers concrete dam causes the Elk to form Sutton Lake.
The Elk's largest tributaries are the Holly River and the Birch River, both of which join it in Braxton County.
The upper portion of the river, above Sutton Lake, is a popular coldwater trout stream. Some reports of a 2013 Wake Forest University study of selenium contamination in Sutton Lake in North Carolina (allegedly due to coal ash from the Sutton power plant of Duke Energy). erroneously attributed this contamination to Sutton Lake in West Virginia. Sutton Lake in North Carolina is on the Cape Fear River; whereas Sutton Lake in West Virginia is on the Elk River, an entirely different river drainage basin.
Below Sutton Lake, is a high-gradient warmwater fishery well known for its muskellunge, walleye and smallmouth bass fishing. The Elk River serves as the source of water for 1500 miles of pipeline that carry its water to customers in central and southwestern West Virginia.

## Name

The river's name most likely comes from the Native Americans of the area, who saw great numbers of elk near the stream.
According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Elk River has also been known historically as:
* Pe-quo-ni
* Pe-quo-ni-cepe
* Pequoni
* Tis-chil-waugh
* Tiskelewah
* Tiskelwah
* To-que-man
* To-qui-min-cepe

## History
### Chemical spill

In January 2014 a spill of the chemical 4-methylcyclohexane methanol, a foaming agent used as a wash component in the coal-preparation process, required West Virginia authorities to supply water to as many as 300,000 people in nine of the state's counties. The effect of the Elk River chemical spill to the critically endangered diamond darter fish, known only to live in the Elk River, is still unknown.

## Recreation
### Fishing

Multiple West Virginia state record fish were caught along the Elk River.