OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Erkki Pakkanen

Erkki Olavi Pakkanen (19 April 1930 – 23 April 1973) was an amateur lightweight boxer from Finland who won a bronze medal at the 1952 Olympics.
Pakkanen took up boxing in 1947 and won the Finnish junior title in 1949. He never held a senior national title, and qualified for the Helsinki Olympics by winning the Olympic trials. At the Olympics, he lost in a semifinal to the eventual winner Aureliano Bolognesi. Earlier in 1950 he seriously injured his right hand. The injury recurred in 1953 forcing Pakkanen to retire from boxing. He later ran a taxi company that he founded in 1958. Shortly after his 43rd birthday, Pakkanen died of a heart attack at a horse racing track while watching his son Jarmo competing. In 2008 he was inducted into the Finnish Boxing Hall of Fame.

## 1952 Olympic results

Below are the results of Erkki Pakkenen, a Finnish lightweight boxer who competed at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics:
* Round of 32: bye
* Round of 16: defeated Petros Nazarbegian (Iran) by decision, 3–0
* Quarterfinal: defeated Vicente Matute (Venezuela) by decision, 3–0
* Semifinal: lost to Aureliano Bolognesi (Italy) by decision, 0–3 (was awarded bronze medal)
# Guhrow

Guhrow (Lower Sorbian: Góry) is a municipality in the district of Spree-Neiße, in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany.

## History

From 1815 to 1947, Guhrow was part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg.
After World War II, Guhrow was incorporated into the State of Brandenburg from 1947 to 1952 and the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany from 1952 to 1990. Since 1990, Guhrow has been part of Brandenburg.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 500 | — |
| 1890 | 474 | −0.36% |
| 1910 | 465 | −0.10% |
| 1925 | 495 | +0.42% |
| 1933 | 486 | −0.23% |
| 1939 | 477 | −0.31% |
| 1946 | 673 | +5.04% |
| 1950 | 641 | −1.21% |
| 1964 | 547 | −1.13% |
| 1971 | 513 | −0.91% |
| 1981 | 472 | −0.83% |
| 1985 | 464 | −0.43% |
| 1989 | 429 | −1.94% |
| 1990 | 414 | −3.50% |
| 1991 | 403 | −2.66% |
| 1992 | 404 | +0.25% |
| 1993 | 406 | +0.50% |
| 1994 | 409 | +0.74% |
| 1995 | 420 | +2.69% |
| 1996 | 437 | +4.05% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1997 | 452 | +3.43% |
| 1998 | 518 | +14.60% |
| 1999 | 553 | +6.76% |
| 2000 | 582 | +5.24% |
| 2001 | 588 | +1.03% |
| 2002 | 589 | +0.17% |
| 2003 | 586 | −0.51% |
| 2004 | 589 | +0.51% |
| 2005 | 600 | +1.87% |
| 2006 | 585 | −2.50% |
| 2007 | 583 | −0.34% |
| 2008 | 578 | −0.86% |
| 2009 | 563 | −2.60% |
| 2010 | 558 | −0.89% |
| 2011 | 543 | −2.69% |
| 2012 | 546 | +0.55% |
| 2013 | 531 | −2.75% |
| 2014 | 523 | −1.51% |
| 2015 | 514 | −1.72% |
| 2016 | 520 | +1.17% |
# Artabrus

Artabrus is a genus of jumping spiders with only two species. The type species, Artabrus erythrocephalus, was described in 1846 by C. L. Koch as Plexippus erythrocephalus and transferred to his new genus Artabrus by Eugène Simon in 1902. It remained the only species in the genus until a second species was described in 2020.
Species of the genus resemble Epeus species in body shape and eye pattern, but have a different genital structure. It is said to be close to the genus Pseudamycus.

## Species

As of July 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepted two species:
* Artabrus aurantipilosus Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 – Banda Islands
* Artabrus erythrocephalus (C. L. Koch, 1846) – Java, Singapore
# Roger Ramos

Rogério da Silva Ramos (born 7 September 1998) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for SC A.D. Ovarense, as a defender.

## Football career

On 26 January 2016, Roger made his professional debut with Paços Ferreira in a 2015–16 Taça da Liga match against Portimonense.
# Ștefan Golescu

Ștefan Golescu (Romanian pronunciation:; 1809–1874) was a Wallachian Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for two terms from 1 March 1867 to 5 August 1867 and from 13 November 1867 to 30 April 1868, and as Prime Minister of Romania between 26 November 1867 and 12 May 1868.

## Biography

Golescu was the son of writer, educationist and pioneer Romanian nationalist, Dinicu Golescu. Born in Câmpulung into a boyar family of the Golești, he studied with his brothers (Nicolae and Radu [ro]) in Switzerland. After he returned, he joined the Wallachian Army and became a major in 1836. With his brother he also joined the Philharmonic Society, a society similar to the Freemasonry.
Ștefan Golescu was involved in the triggering of the 1848 Wallachian revolution, participating in the Islaz gathering of 9 June 1848, when he became a member of the Provisional Government, serving as Minister of Justice.
During the writing of the new constitution, he supported Nicolae Bălcescu's idea of universal suffrage, while his brother, Nicolae, favoured less expansive participation. Ștefan Golescu was part of the delegation sent by the revolutionaries to Istanbul to negotiate the new constitution with the Ottoman Empire, Wallachia's overlord.
Golescu was a member of the Wallachian assembly that elected Alexandru Ioan Cuza as prince of both Wallachia and Moldavia (1859). Afterwards, he was a member of the Liberal Party of Ion C. Brătianu and served for about half a year as Prime Minister of Romania in a Liberal government.
# September Says

September Says is a 2024 internationally co-produced drama film, written and directed by Ariane Labed, in her directorial debut. It is based upon the novel Sisters by Daisy Johnson. It stars Mia Tharia, Rakhee Thakrar and Pascale Kann.
It had its world premiere at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2024, in the Un Certain Regard section.

## Premise

When September is suspended from school, her sister, July, begins to explore her own independence, leading to tension on a holiday in Ireland.

## Cast

* Mia Tharia : July
* Pascale Kann : September
* Rakhee Thakrar : Sheela
* Amelia Valentina Pankhania : Young July
* Sienna Rose Velikova.: Young September
* Niamh Moriarty : Classmate
* Levi O'Sullivan : Classmate
* Charlie Reid : Classmate
* Maeron Libomi : Classmate
* Emmanuel Okoye : Math teacher
* Cal O'Driscoll : John
* Shane Connellan : Man in bar
* Rachel Benaissa : Woman in bathroom
* Barry John Kinsella : Cableman
* Molly Nilsson : Woman singing in bar

## Production

In May 2022, it was announced Ariane Labed would direct the film, based upon the novel Sisters by Daisy Johnson, with Element Pictures set to produce. Eurimages and BBC Film among others provided financing for the film.

## Release

It had its world premiere at the 2024 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2024, in the Un Certain Regard section.
International sales are handled by The Match Factory. In September 2024, its parent Mubi acquired distribution rights to the film for the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and Turkey, while Volta Pictures acquired distribution rights for Ireland.
# Crown of João VI

The Crown of João VI, also known as the Portuguese Royal Crown (Portuguese: Coroa de D. João VI; Coroa Real de Portugal) is the most recent and only extant crown of the Portuguese Crown Jewels.

## Description

The crown is fashioned out of gold, silver, iron, and red velvet. Its eight half arches are surmounted by a monde: a globus cruciger on a crown, with a cross at its top—as Portugal was a Catholic nation. The base of the crown is elaborately decorated with baroque patterns and designs.

## History

The Crown of João VI was made in 1817 for the acclamation of King João VI. The crown was fashioned in the workshop of D. Antonio Gomes da Silva, the Royal Jeweler.
The crown was made as part of the set of crown jewels, which included the Sceptre of the Armillary and the Mantle of João VI, which was specifically made for João VI's acclamation. It then became the official crown of the monarchs of Portugal and was used by all the Portuguese monarchs after João VI.
Though serving as the monarchy's official symbol, the crown was never actually worn by any Portuguese monarch. In 1646, King John IV of Portugal had consecrated the Crown of Portugal to the Virgin Mary; following this, no Portuguese sovereign ever wore a diadem, though it was usually present at the ceremony where his ascension was proclaimed.
The crown saw its last official use during the reign of Manuel II of Portugal, when it was used for his acclamation and at the official opening of the Cortes, the Portuguese parliament.
The Crown of João VI, along with all the other Portuguese Crown Jewels, are kept in the Ajuda National Palace, in Lisbon.
# Maksym Melnychuk

Maksym Melnychuk (Ukrainian: Максим Олександрович Мельничук; born 18 September 1999) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Inhulets Petrove in the Ukrainian First League.

## Career

Melnychuk is a product of the RVUFK and Dynamo Kyiv youth sportive schools.
In July 2018 he continued his career in the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves club FC Vorskla Poltava. And in September 2019 Melnychuk was promoted to the main-squad team of FC Vorskla in the Ukrainian Premier League. He made his debut as a start-squad player for Vorskla Poltava in the Ukrainian Premier League in a losing match against FC Olimpik Donetsk on 20 October 2019.

## International career

During 2014–2015 he was called up for the youth national representation under 16.
# David E. Sorensen

David Eugene Sorensen (June 29, 1933 – August 26, 2014) was a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1992 until his death. He served in the First and Second Quorums of the Seventy and as a member of the Presidency of the Seventy. He was the executive director of the church's Temple Department during the temple building boom of the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Sorensen was born in Aurora, Utah. He grew up working on the family ranch. As a young man he served as a missionary in the Central Atlantic States Mission (centered on Virginia, West Virginia and North Carolina, Washington DC and probably some adjacent parts of Virginia were then in the Eastern States Mission headquartered in New York City) from 1954-1956. After his mission, he served for two years in the United States military. He married Verla Anderson in 1958 and they had seven children. He studied at Brigham Young University, the University of Utah and Utah State University but went to work full time to overcome debt associated with the family ranch before receiving a degree.
Sorensen spent his career as a business owner, operating a healthcare services company while living in California.. He previously served in the LDS Church as a bishop, stake president, and as president of the Canada Halifax Mission. He also served as vice chair of the Nevada Community Bank in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Sorensen was called as a general authority and member of the Second Quorum of the Seventy in June 1992. He was transferred to the First Quorum of the Seventy in April 1995. Sorensen's assignments as a general authority included service as Executive Director of the church's Temple Department. He oversaw development of the new standardized temples announced by Gordon B. Hinckley in October 1997 and the associated construction program that saw the number of temples more than double from 1998 to 2000.
Sorensen also served as president of the church's North America West and Asia North areas as well as serving as a counselor in other area presidencies. From 1998 to 2005, Sorensen was a member of the seven-man Presidency of the Seventy.
After being designated as an emeritus general authority in 2005, Sorensen served as president of the church's San Diego California Temple from 2005 to 2008.
Sorensen died at his home in San Juan Capistrano, California.
# Hasan Kwame Jeffries

Hasan Kwame Jeffries (born January 13, 1973) is a history professor and author at The Ohio State University. He is the brother of Congressman Hakeem Jeffries, the U.S. House Minority Leader. He is the nephew of Leonard Jeffries, a former political science professor at City College of New York.

## Life

He was born in the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City and graduated summa cum laude from Morehouse College with a B.A. in history in 1994. He became a member of the Pi chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. He received a Ph.D. in American history with a specialization in African American history from Duke University in 2002 and taught for a year at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa before joining Ohio State's faculty in 2003. His profile page also states he was the lead historian and primary scriptwriter for the $27 million renovation of the National Civil Rights Museum at the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, Tennessee from 2010 to 2014 and worked on the PBS documentary Black America Since MLK. He hosts a podcast called "Teaching Hard History" for the Southern Poverty Law Center's educational division, Teaching Tolerance.
He was interviewed by NPR about how history is taught in American schools. He has appeared on C-SPAN several times, including as an author and discussing current events and history. In 2010 he lectured at Swarthmore College on the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
He wrote a book about the struggle for Civil Rights in Lowndes County, Alabama.

## Written work

* Jeffries, Hasan Kwame (2009). Bloody Lowndes : civil rights and Black power in Alabama's Black Belt. New York. ISBN 978-0-8147-4305-8. OCLC 276816664.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Jeffries, Hasan Kwame (2019). Understanding and teaching the civil rights movement. Madison, Wisconsin. ISBN 978-0-299-32190-1. OCLC 1089883602.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link), editor, a collection of essays by civil rights scholars and teachers
# George and Margaret Cooper House

The George and Margaret Cooper House is a historic building located in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, United States. It is a fine example of the Italianate style, which was a popular style for residential architecture in Mount Pleasant from the 1850s to the mid-1880s The two-story brick house features an asymmetrical plan, a low-pitched hip roof, wide bracketed eaves, and long, narrow windows. The full-width front porch has square paneled columns with foliate designs in the capitals and brackets. A single-story wing is attached to the rear of the house. A two-story, five sided wing was added to the west side of the house about ten years after the main part of the house was built. The house was built for George Cooper, a taylor, and it remained in his family until 1921. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
# Las Parras de Castellote

Las Parras de Castellote is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 86 inhabitants.
# Rudinilson Silva

Rudinilson Gomes Brito Silva (born 20 August 1994) is a Bissau-Guinean professional footballer who plays as a centre-back.

## Club career

On 18 September 2013, Rudinilson made his professional debut with Benfica B in a 2013–14 Segunda Liga match against Aves.
On 22 August 2014, he joined Lechia Gdańsk in Poland.
On 22 February 2017, Rudinilson signed a two-year deal with Lithuanian A Lyga club FK Utenis Utena. In August that year, he moved to Moroccan side OC Khouribga.
In early 2019, Rudinilson returned to Lithuania and signed with FK Kauno Žalgiris.
On 1 February 2022, he moved back to Poland and joined II liga side Wigry Suwałki until the end of the season, with an extension option.
On 21 July 2022, he joined Finnish club KTP.

## International career

Having previously represented Portugal at multiple youth levels, Rudinilson made his senior international debut for Guinea-Bissau on 19 July 2014.
# Albert Sterz

Albert Sterz (known in Italy as Alberto Sterz) was a German noble who was a leader of mercenary Free companies, primarily operating in Italy.
Born in what is now Germany he moved to France to fight alongside the English during the Hundred Years War. When a truce was agreed between England and France at Brétigny in 1360 he formed, with other demobilised soldiers of fortune such as the Englishman John Hawkwood, a company of mercenaries originally named the Great Company. Later to be known as the White Company it recruited unemployed veteran English, German and Gascon soldiers and, like other similar groups (or companies), it survived initially by extortion, threatening to ravage towns if not bought off. Starting in the Champagne district they worked their way south and set up a base only 25 miles from Avignon, where the Pope of that time lived. There they extorted 100,000 florins from the Pope after promising not to attack and to leave the area. The Pope suggested they might like to go to Italy to give military aid to the Marquis of Montferrat who was feuding with the powerful Visconti family of Milan.
The company spent almost a year in Savoy before signing a six-month contract with the Marquis of Montferrat to help him fight the Viscontis. After hearing the Lord of Pavia was sick he teamed up with Luchino Novello Visconti of Genoa to attack the town. Ransoms for captured townspeople brought in 180,000 florins. Further attacks on numerous other towns followed.
In April 1363 he finally confronted the rival Great Company of Konrad von Landau who were under contract to the Viscontis. At the Battle of Canturino bridge near Romagnano Sesia in Piedmont Sterz's forces overcame the opposition and the injured Landau was captured, dying later that day from his injuries. The Great Company never recovered from its defeat.
Sterz then contracted with the town of Pisa to assist them in a war with neighbouring Florence. During the rest of that year, his troops attacked several Florentine towns. In mid-1364, owed back-pay by Pisa, Sterz switched sides to fight for Florence, leaving the White Company and joining up with Anichino di Bongardo (Hannekin Baumgarten) to form the Compagnia della Stella (Company of the Star).
At the end of 1365, he signed up with the Papal States and suffered a defeat at the hands of the Perugian forces led by his erstwhile colleague Bongardo. In 1366 he signed up himself to defend Perugia. However, accused of treachery by the Perugians, he was arrested and executed in the town in early November. After his death, the Compagnia della Stella disbanded.
# Grote of Sint-Laurenskerk (Rotterdam)

Grote of Sint-Laurenskerk (Dutch pronunciation:; English: Great, or St. Lawrence Church) is a Protestant church in Rotterdam. It is the only remnant of the medieval city of Rotterdam.

## History

The church was built between 1449 and 1525. In 1621 a wooden spire was added to the tower, designed by Hendrick de Keyser. Poor quality of its wood caused the spire to be demolished in 1645. A stone cube was added to the tower, which proved too heavy for the foundation in 1650. New piles were driven under the tower and in 1655 the tower stood straight again.
This basilica was the first all stone building in Rotterdam. Many important events took place here. The last priest of the Laurenskerk was Hubertus Duifhuis. The Reformation took place in 1572 and the Laurenskerk became a Protestant church. Ministers of the church include Laurens Johannes Jacobus van Oosterzee, Abraham Hellenbroek, Jan Scharp and J.R. Callenbach, who wrote a book about the history of the church a few years before the Rotterdam Blitz. The church is still used for worship of the Protestant Church.
In the Rotterdam Blitz on May 14, 1940, the Laurenskerk was heavily damaged, with only the tower and walls surviving. At first there were calls to demolish the church, but that was stopped by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. The provisional National Monuments Commission had both supporters and opponents of restoration. In particular, committee member and architect J.J.P. Oud opposed rebuilding in 1950 and presented an alternative plan which would preserve only the tower. Next to the memorial a new, smaller church would be built. This alternative plan was rejected, particularly because restoration of the Laurenskerk was viewed as a symbol of the resilience of Rotterdam's community. In 1952, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands laid the foundation stone for the restoration, which was completed in 1968.
In 1971 the Laurenspastoraat community was established (as part of the Reformed Church of Rotterdam) in order to resume church services. The community received a Cross of Nails replica from Coventry Cathedral in order to become a local center for peace and reconciliation. In 1981 the liberal Maaskant/Open Grenzen community joined the church and since then the two communities alternate their services.
* The church and its surroundings in c. 1621–1645
* Map with Sint Laurenskerk in c. 1690
* Rotterdam's city centre and the church after the bombing in 1940
* The church and its surroundings in c. 1943–1945
* The church and its surroundings in 2016
# The Leopard (disambiguation)

The Leopard is a novel by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa.
The Leopard may also refer to:
* The Leopard (1918 film), a Hungarian film featuring Bela Lugosi
* The Leopard (1963 film), an Italian film based on Lampedusa's novel
* Leopard a.k.a. Cold, a 2012 Irish film directed by actor/model Eoin Macken
* The Leopard (Nesbø novel), a crime novel by Jo Nesbø
* The Leopard (Reid novel), a 1958 novel by V. S. Reid
* The Leopard, a former pub in Stoke-on-Trent, England, see Burslem#Leopard Inn
* The Leopard (TV series), a 2025 Netflix miniseries adapting Lampedusa's novel
# Merrimac Hat Company

The Merrimac Hat Company was a prominent manufacturer of hats from the 1860s until the 1950s, employing up to 500 people in its manufacturing facilities in Amesbury, Massachusetts and another 1,500 in facilities from Alabama to Nova Scotia. Vintage hats of the Merrimac Hat Company are displayed at the Salisbury Point Railroad & Hat Museum in Amesbury.

## History

In 1838 Issac Martin began the manufacture of hats in a small facility on his farm in Amesbury, Massachusetts. In 1860 he entered into a partnership with Abner L. Bailey and a small mill was constructed near Bailey's Pond in Amesbury, which was dammed to allow water for its boilers and wet finishing process. From 1860 to 1866 the company was known as Amesbury Hat and Horton Hat, but from 1866 the name Merrimac Hat Company became permanent. At the height of its success in the 1940s, the company was the largest manufacturer of trimmed hats and hat bodies in the country.

## Decline

Although "this company was easily the most prosperous of all of Amesbury's industries", the change in men's fashion after World War II dramatically reduced the demand for formal hats. The company struggled for a few decades before closing for good in 1970. Its facilities near the intersection of Beacon and Merrimack Street remained shuttered until the late 1980s when they began to be converted into luxury condominiums, a process that is still ongoing in 2018.
# List of defunct airlines of Benin

This is a list of defunct airlines of Benin.
| Airline | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Commenced operations | Ceased operations | Notes |
| Aero Benin | EM | AEB | AEROBEN | 2002 | 2004 | |
| Afric'Air Charter | 7A | AFF | BENIN-CHARTERS | 2002 | 2005 | |
| Africa Airways | VJ | AFF | AFRIWAYS | 2009 | 2010 | Operated Boeing 737-200 |
| Afrique Airlines | X5 | FBN | AFRIQUE-BENIN | 2003 | 2009 | |
| Afro Unity Airways | | | | 1969 | 1971 | |
| Air Benin | TB | | AIR BENIN | 1978 | 1987 | Renamed to Transports Aériens du Bénin. Operated DHC-6 Twin Otter, Fokker F27, Aérospatiale Corvette |
| Air Taxi Bénin | | ABT | | 2016 | 2020 | Operated Cessna Caravan, Piper Twin Comanche, Piper Seneca |
| Alafia Jet | | IGA | | 2008 | 2009 | Operated Falcon 900, Hawker 800, BAe 125 |
| Bénin Air Express | | BEX | BENIN EXPRESS | 1990s | 1990s | |
| Bénin Golf Air | A8 | BGL | BENIN GOLF | 2000 | 2012 | Operated Boeing 727, Boeing 737, Douglas DC-9, Tupolev Tu-134 |
| Bénin Inter Regional | | STB | | 1988 | 1996 | |
| Bénin Littoral Airways | | LTL | | 2009 | 2009 | |
| COTAIR | | COB | | 2008 | 2009 | |
| Nord-Sud Bénin | | NSB | N | 1990 | 1995 | |
| Royal Air | | BNR | BENIN ROYAL | 2008 | 2009 | |
| Trans Air Bénin | N4 | TNB | | 1998 | 2005 | |
| Transports Aériens du Bénin | TS | TSB | TAB | 1983 | 1989 | |
| West African Airlines | WZ | WSF | | 2002 | 2004 | |
| Westair Benin | WH | WSF | | 2002 | 2015 | |
| Zircon Airways Benin | Z4 | BZW | ZIRCON | 2001 | 2002 | |