OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jack E. Bronston

Jack E. Bronston (January 10, 1922 – December 7, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born in Plainfield, Union County, New Jersey, the son of Harry E. Bronston (1892–1972). He attended Plainfield High School and graduated A.B. from Harvard College in 1942. During World War II he served in the U.S. Marine Corps. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1948, and received an LL.M. in taxation from New York University School of Law. He was admitted to the bar in 1949, and practiced in New York City. He married Adele Schwartz.
He entered politics as a Democrat, and was a member of the New York State Senate from 1959 to 1978, sitting in the 172nd, 173rd, 174th, 175th, 176th, 177th, 178th, 179th, 180th, 181st and 182nd New York State Legislatures. He remarried to Sandra Krasne in 1979.
On January 2, 1981, he was sentenced by Milton Pollack, of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, to four months in prison for fraud. Bronston had helped one company to get a contract for New York City bus shelters while having been retained by, and thus legally representing, a competing company. On August 19, 1981, the conviction was upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
On June 18, 1981, Bronston's license to practice law was suspended by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division effective July 17. On March 5, 1985, the suspension was declared as terminated, effectively from September 17, 1984.

## Sources

* ↑ "JACK BRONSTON Obituary". New York Times. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
* ↑ "Bronston, Jack E." at the Political Graveyard
* ↑ HARRY E. BRONSTON in the New York Times on November 21, 1972 (subscription required)
* ↑ The New York Red Book, p. 63. Williams Press, 1977. Accessed November 9, 2017. "JACK E. BRONSTON 5th District (8th, 9th and 10th Assembly districts of Queens county) Jack E. Bronston, Democrat-Liberal, was born in Plainfield, N. J., on January 10, 1922. He attended Plainfield High School and was graduated magna cum laude with an A.B. degree from Harvard College in 1942."
* ↑ BRONSTON GETS 4 MONTHS IN BUS-STOP FRAUD CASE in the New York Times on January 3, 1981
* ↑ BRONSTON LOSES BID TO OVERTURN HIS CONVICTION in the New York Times on August 20, 1981
* ↑ MATTER JACK E. BRONSTON at Find a Case
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byWalter G. McGahan | New York State Senate 5th District 1959–1965 | Succeeded byEdward J. Speno |
| Preceded byWilliam C. Thomson | New York State Senate 11th District 1966 | Succeeded byIrving Mosberg |
| Preceded byMurray Schwartz | New York State Senate 9th District 1967–1972 | Succeeded byKaren Burstein |
| Preceded byMartin J. Knorr | New York State Senate 12th District 1973–1978 | Succeeded byGary Ackerman |
# Magic Palayok

Magic Palayok (trans. / international title: Magic Pot) is a 2011 Philippine television drama fantasy comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Joel Lamangan, it stars Geoff Eigenmann, Carla Abellana and Angeli Nicole Sanoy. It premiered on February 28, 2011, on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on July 1, 2011, with a total of 88 episodes.
The series is streaming online on YouTube.

## Cast and characters
### Lead cast

* Geoff Eigenmann as Richard "Jude" Cruz
* Carla Abellana as Pilar Sallave-Cruz
* Angeli Nicole Sanoy as Corazon "Cookie" De Leon

### Supporting cast

* Chynna Ortaleza as Natasha Ledesma
* Cherie Gil as Yvonne Ledesma
* Manilyn Reynes as Magic Palayok
* Jay R as Nico
* Frank Garcia as Ricky
* Gino Dela Pena as Clifford
* Kyrshee Francesca Gregia as Yanyan
* Bianca Umali as Dina
* Nixon Castro as Macoy
* Francesca Salcedo as Suyen
* Lovely Rivero as Gemma Sallave
* Luigi Revilla as Kirby Sallave
* Edwin Reyes as Andong Sallave
* Vicky Ortega
* Ernie Zarate as Ipe Calevio
* Lou Sison as Noemi Santiago
* Pekto
* Maimai Davao
* Rubi Rubi as Rosa
* Moi Bien as Elma
* Cris Pasturan
* Ruby Ruiz

### Guest cast

* Mikee Cojuangco as Isadora De Leon
* Tado Jimenez as Mac Enriquez
* Polo Ravales as Cardo
* Sunshine Garcia as Glenda
* Onyok Velasco
* Buboy Villar as Isko
* Vaness del Moral as Magic Sandok
* Isay Alvarez as Alicia Calevio
* Dexter Doria as Flor
* Janice de Belen as Magic Palayok
* Carme Sanchez
* Afi Africa as Manny
* Romnick Sarmenta as Richard "James" Cruz
* Pauleen Luna as Gloomera
* Carmi Martin as Alina Ledesma
* Jan Marini as Karina

## Production

Principal photography commenced on February 9, 2011.

## Ratings

According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila People/Individual television ratings, the pilot episode of Magic Palayok earned an 11.1% rating.
# Stella stai

"Stella stai" (lit. 'Star, stay') is a 1980 song composed by Umberto Tozzi and Giancarlo Bigazzi and performed by Tozzi.

## Background

The song is the leading single of the 1980 album Tozzi. It is characterised by the frenetic series of on-beat cadences and by the use of truncated rhymes. Its style has been described as heavily influenced by disco, with strong rock overtones. Its ambiguous lyrics have been described as a "linguistic delirium" and have been variously interpreted.
The song has been included in the soundtrack of several films, notably Spider-Man: Far From Home and The Guest Room.

## Other versions

The boy band Menudo and later Luis Fonsi covered the song in Spanish-language, with the title "Claridad" and with lyrics adapted by Óscar Gómez Díaz. Thelma Houston recorded an English-language version of the song with the title "Shining Star". The song was also covered in Czech by Michal David with the title "Třetí Galaxie".
In 2019–20, Mina performed the song for a series of TIM commercials.

## Charts

| Chart (1980) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 18 |
| Italy (Musica e dischi) | 3 |
| Spain (AFYVE) | 3 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 3 |
| West Germany (Media Control) | 61 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) sales from 2009 | Gold | 50,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Liu Hui (politician, born 1959)

Liu Hui (Chinese: 刘慧; born December 1959) is a Chinese politician. She served as Chairwoman (Governor) of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2016.

## Career

Liu Hui is a native of Tianjin. She entered the work force in June 1977, working at a school in Yinchuan, the capital of Ningxia.
From 1979 to 1981 Liu studied Chinese at Yinchuan Normal College (since merged into Ningxia University), and after college taught at Zhangzheng High School in Yinchuan. She joined the Chinese Communist Party in December 1985.
Liu Hui began her government career in 1987, when she became the Deputy Secretary, and later Secretary, of the Communist Youth League (CYL) of Yinchuan. In 1992 Liu became the Deputy Secretary of the CYL of Ningxia Autonomous Region, and was promoted to Secretary in 1995. She held the position until 1998.
From 1998 to 2001 Liu served as Deputy Communist Party Chief of Yinnan Prefecture in Ningxia, which later became the prefecture-level city of Wuzhong. In 1999 she was temporarily transferred to Beijing for a brief stint as the Deputy Party Chief of Fengtai District. From 2001 to 2003 Liu served as Director and Party Secretary of the Civil Affairs Bureau of Ningxia.
In 2003 Liu Hui was appointed Vice Chairwoman of Ningxia, and held the position for 10 years until March 2013, when she was promoted to Acting Chairwoman of Ningxia. She succeeded Wang Zhengwei, who had been appointed the head of China's State Ethnic Affairs Commission. Liu was officially elected by the Ningxia People's Congress as chairwoman in April 2013. Liu was only the fifth woman to serve as the head of a provincial-level government, after Gu Xiulian, Song Xiuyan, Uyunqimg and Li Bin. She was transferred out of her position in 2016, and named a deputy chair of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission.
Liu has been an alternate member of the 17th and the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
# Turushla

Turushla (Russian: Турушла; Bashkir: Төрөшлө, Töröşlö) is a rural locality (a village) in Ilyino-Polyansky Selsoviet, Blagoveshchensky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 351 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

## Geography

Turushla is located 22 km east of Blagoveshchensk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pekarskaya is the nearest rural locality.
# Glenwood Cemetery (Park City, Utah)

Glenwood Cemetery is a 5-acre (2.0 ha) cemetery in Park City, Utah. The site was first established in 1885 as a pioneer cemetery by silver miners. It is still in use, and has over 950 interments. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Dermott Bank & Trust Company Building

The Dermott Bank & Trust Company Building is a historic commercial building at the northwestern corner of the junction of North Arkansas and East Iowa Streets in Dermott, Arkansas. The single story Classical Revival building was home to the Dermott Bank & Trust Company, a bank that operated under various guises between 1911 and 1931, apparently all at this address. It later served as part of a building supply store, and as a warehouse.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
# Koksu

Koksu (Kazakh: Көксу, Uzbek: koʻksuv, literally meaning "blue water") may refer to the following places:

## Places

* Koksu, Kerbulak District [kk], Jetisu Region, Kazakhstan
* Koksu, Koksu District [kk], Jetisu Region, Kazakhstan
* Koksu, Maktaaral District [kk], Turkistan Region, Kazakhstan
* Koksu, Shardara District [kk], Turkistan Region, Kazakhstan
* Koksu, Karaganda Region [kk], Kazakhstan

## Rivers

* Koksu (Karatal), river in Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
* Koksu (Argut) [ru], river in Altai Mountains, left tributary of Argut
* Koksu (Teba) [ru], river in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, right tributary of Teba River
* Koksuv [ru], river in Uzbekistan, right tributary of Chatkal

## Other

* Koksu District, Jetisu Region, Kazakhstan
* Koksu Ridge [kk] by the border of Kazakhstan and Altai Republic, Russia
* Koksu Canal [kk], canal passing through Koksu and Karatal districts of Zhetisu Region, Kazakhstan
# La Couture-Boussey

La Couture-Boussey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure department in northern France. This place is known for the world's largest clarinet, the octocontrabass clarinet, which is found in a museum in this said town.
# 1998 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles

Helena Suková and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions but did not compete that year.
Alexandra Fusai and Nathalie Tauziat won in the final 6–4, 6–3 against Yayuk Basuki and Caroline Vis.

## Seeds

Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
* Alexandra Fusai / Nathalie Tauziat (champions)
* Yayuk Basuki / Caroline Vis (final)
* Elena Likhovtseva / Ai Sugiyama (semifinals)
* Naoko Kijimuta / Nana Miyagi (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | A Fusai N Tauziat | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Adams M de Swardt | 5 | 6 | | 1 | A Fusai N Tauziat | w/o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Jeyaseelan E Melicharová | 6 | 6 | | | S Jeyaseelan E Melicharová | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Lee S-T Wang | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | A Fusai N Tauziat | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 4 | N Kijimuta N Miyagi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | N Kijimuta N Miyagi | 2 | 2 | | | | |
| | D Jones M Saeki | 2 | 3 | | 4 | N Kijimuta N Miyagi | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Cristea L Montalvo | 2 | 0 | | | J Halard-Decugis P Suárez | 5 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Halard-Decugis P Suárez | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Alexandra Fusai Nathalie Tauziat | 6 | 6 |
| | O Barabanschikova A Ellwood | 6 | 1 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Yayuk Basuki Caroline Vis | 4 | 3 |
| Q | C Dhenin É Loit | 1 | 6 | 3 | | O Barabanschikova A Ellwood | 4 | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Grande I Spîrlea | 1 | 6 | 6 | 3 | E Likhovtseva A Sugiyama | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | E Likhovtseva A Sugiyama | 6 | 4 | 7 | | | | | | 3 | E Likhovtseva A Sugiyama | 4 | 1 | | | | |
| | T Tanasugarn H Vildová | 6 | 5 | | | | | | | 2 | Y Basuki C Vis | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| LL | L McShea T Musgrave | 7 | 7 | | LL | L McShea T Musgrave | 6 | 3 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
| WC | A Cocheteux S Pitkowski | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | Y Basuki C Vis | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Y Basuki C Vis | 5 | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Tjejvasan

Tjejvasan is a cross-country skiing event in Sweden, running from Oxberg to Mora, a distance of 30 kilometers. It is only open to female skiers. Being annual, the first event was first held in 1988.

## Winners

Winners throughout the years.
* 1988 – Karin Värnlund, IFK Mora
* 1989 – Marie Johansson, Dala Järna IK
* 1990 – cancelled because of lack of snow
* 1991 – Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
* 1992 – Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
* 1993 – Carina Görlin, Hudiksvalls IF
* 1994 – Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
* 1995 – Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
* 1996 – Kerrin Petty, IFK Mora
* 1997 – Kerrin Petty, Stockviks SF
* 1998 – Bente Martinsen, Norway
* 1999 – Elin Ek, Bergeforsens SK
* 2000 – Annika Evaldsson, IFK Mora
* 2001 – Anita Moen, Norway
* 2002 – Emelie Öhrstig, Stockviks SF
* 2003 – Ulrica Persson, SK Bore
* 2004 – Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen, Norway
* 2005 – Sofia Bleckur, IK Jarl
* 2006 – Elin Ek, IFK Mora
* 2007 – Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
* 2008 – Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
* 2009 – Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
* 2010 – Susanne Nyström, IFK Mora
* 2011 – Jenny Hansson, Östersunds SK
* 2012 – Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
* 2013 – Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
* 2014 – Sofia Bleckur, IFK Mora
* 2015 – Laila Kveli, Norway
* 2016 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
* 2017 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
* 2018 – Kateřina Smutná, Czech Republic
* 2019 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
* 2020 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
* 2021 – Lina Korsgren, Åre LSK
* 2022 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
* 2023 – Ida Dahl, Team Engcon
* 2024 – Kati Roivas, Finland
* 2025 – Jenny Larsson, Lager 157
# List of Iraqi detainees at Guantanamo Bay

There were initially 16 Iraqi detainees in Guantanamo.
In 2005, nine Iraqi citizens were held in the United States's Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba. Eight of them have been repatriated, four as late as 2009. As of January 6, 2025, 15 detainees remain at Guantanamo Bay. Among them Abdul Hadi al Iraqi is the last Iraqi citizen in Guantanamo.
| isn | name | arrival date | departure date | notes |
| 111 | Ali Abdul Motalib Awayd Hassan Al Tayeea | 2002-05-03 | 2009-01-17 | Guards nicknamed him "Pimp Daddy". |
| 433 | Jawad Jabber Sadkhan | 2002-05-03 | 2009-06-10 | |
| 435 | Hassan Abdul Said | 2002-05-05 | 2009-01-17 | |
| 563 | Sohab Masud Mohammed | 2002-05-05 | 2004-03-31 | |
| 648 | Haydar Jabbar Hafez Al Tamini | | 2004-03-31 | |
| 653 | Arkan Mohammad Ghafil Al Karim | 2002-06-08 | 2009-01-17 | |
| 758 | Abbas Habid Rumi Al Naely | 2002-08-05 | 2009-01-17 | |
| 906 | Bisher Amin Khalil Al Rawi | 2003-02-07 | 2007-03-30 | Refugee with residency permission in the United Kingdom. Capture in Gambia followed a denunciation by British intelligence, who had employed him as an informant against Abu Qatada. Released on April 3, 2007. |
| 10025 | Abdul Hadi al Iraqi | 2007-04-27 | | Previously held in CIA custody |
# Trout Creek (Lake Tahoe)

Trout Creek is a northward-flowing stream originating on the west side of Armstrong Pass on the Carson Range in El Dorado County, California, United States.

## History

Trout Creek was an important fall camp for the Washo people who caught Mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni, formerly Coregonus williamsoni (Girard, 1856)) there. The Washo name Mathocahuw O'tha means "river of the whitefish". George and Adeline Fountain built a log cabin near the headwaters in 1860 and the area is referred to as "Fountain Place".

## Watershed

Trout Creek originates south of Freel Peak in the Carson Range of the Sierra Nevada. It is joined by Saxon Creek in Lake Valley, then meets Cold Creek at Lake Christopher which was created by damming the creek, then after being joined by Heavenly Valley Creek, it enters Truckee Marsh and south Lake Tahoe. The only lake in the Trout Creek watershed is Star Lake. Trout Creek has a drainage area of 106 square kilometers, and the main channel length is approximately 19.5 km long. The Cold Creek sub-basin drains a watershed area of 12.8 square miles (33 km$^2$) and originates at 10,884 feet (3,317 m) at Freel Peak.

## Ecology

The Trout Creek Stream Restoration and Wildlife Enhancement Project in South Lake Tahoe was completed in 2001. Over 3000 m of channel were reconstructed with enhanced sinuosity, a raised channel elevation, reduced slope, and an overall increase in channel length. The purpose was to improve stream habitat, raise the water table and to allow for increased hydrologic connectivity between the stream channel and the floodplain. Trout Creek is being studied by the U. S. Forest Service for the effectiveness of the stream restoration effectiveness, particularly total and fine sediment load reductions with a final report due in 2012.
North American beaver (Castor canadensis) inhabit multiple reaches of Trout Creek and Cold Creek. Beaver were re-introduced to the Tahoe Basin by the CDFG and the U. S. Forest Service between 1934 and 1949 in order to prevent stream degradation and to promote wetland restoration. The presence of beaver dams has also been shown to either increase the number of fish, their size, or both, in a study of brook, rainbow and brown trout in Sagehen Creek, which flows into the Little Truckee River at an altitude of 5,800 feet (1,800 m) and is a stream typical of the eastern slope of the northern Sierra Nevada. Not only have aspen and cottonwood survived ongoing beaver colonization but a recent study of ten Tahoe streams, including Trout Creek and Cold Creek, utilizing aerial multispectral videography has shown that deciduous, thick herbaceous, and thin herbaceous vegetation are more highly concentrated near beaver dams, whereas coniferous trees are decreased. Benefits of beaver dams include removal of sediment and excessive pollutants travelling downstream, which improves lake clarity, which was shown to worsen recently when beaver dams were removed in nearby Taylor Creek and Ward Creek.
# Malik Henry

Malik Henry may refer to:
* Malik Henry (quarterback) (born 1998), American football quarterback
* Malik Henry (wide receiver) (born 1997), American football wide receiver
* Malik Henry (soccer) (born 2002), Canadian soccer player
* Malik Henry-Scott (born 2001), American soccer player
# Per Krusell

Per Lennart Krusell, born 1959, is a Swedish macroeconomic theorist who is currently the Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg Chair in Economics and the Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University, as well as Centennial Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics.
Until recently, he was a professor of economics at Princeton University and, before that, held positions at the University of Rochester, the University of Pennsylvania, and Northwestern University. He received numerous awards and grants, most recently the 2007 Söderberg Prize and a 2.1 Million Euro 2008 senior research grant from the European Research Council. Krusell's research has focused on macroeconomics, broadly defined, with particular contributions in the areas of technological change, inequality, political economy, macroeconomic policy, and labor economics. He is currently pursuing a long-term project on the interactions between global climate change and the economy. He is especially known for developing the most widely used computational algorithm for calculating macroeconomic equilibrium under rational expectations in economies with heterogeneous agents and aggregate uncertainty when financial markets are incomplete. His work with Jeremy Greenwood and Zvi Hercowitz on investment-specific technological progress has also been extremely influential.
Krusell was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2003. Since 2003, he is a member of the Prize Committee for The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, and its chair from 2011 to 2013. He served as the president of the European Economic Association in 2020.

## Influential Publications

1. "Long-Run Implications of Investment-Specific Technological Progress",JSTOR 2951349 American Economic Review, June 1997, (with Jeremy Greenwood and Zvi Hercowitz). Casual empiricism suggests that technological progress is often embodied in the form of new and improved capital goods. Many examples come to mind: computers, robots, cell phones and the like. The paper analyzes the role of this type of technological change in U.S. economic growth. The results suggest that investment-specific technological progress accounts for the major part of U.S. economic growth over the postwar period.
2."The Role of Investment-Specific Technological Change in the Business Cycle",doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(98)00058-0 European Economic Review, 2000, (with Jeremy Greenwood and Zvi Hercowitz). This research incorporates the notion of investment-specific technological progress into a business cycle model.
# BL 6-inch Mk XII naval gun

The BL 6-inch Mark XII naval gun was a British 45 calibre naval gun which was mounted as primary armament on light cruisers and secondary armament on dreadnought battleships commissioned in the period 1914–1926, and remained in service on many warships until the end of World War II.

## Design

This was a high-velocity naval gun consisting of inner "A" tube, "A" tube, wound with successive layers of steel wire, with a jacket over the wire.

## Naval service

It superseded the 45-calibre Mk VII gun and the longer 50-calibre Mk XI gun which had proved unwieldy in light cruisers due to its length, and was Britain's most modern 6-inch naval gun when World War I began.
It was superseded as secondary armament on new battleships in the 1920s by the 50-calibre 6-inch Mk XXII gun, and as main armament on new light cruisers in the 1930s by the 50-calibre 6-inch Mk XXIII gun.
Guns were mounted in the following ships :
* Birmingham-class light cruisers laid down 1912, commissioned 1914
* Arethusa-class light cruisers laid down 1912, commissioned 1914
* C-class light cruisers of 1914
* M29-class monitors of 1915
* Queen Elizabeth-class battleships laid down 1912, commissioned 1915
* Revenge-class battleships laid down 1913, commissioned 1916
* Destroyer leader HMS Swift as re-gunned in 1917
* Danae-class (or D-class) light cruisers completed 1918–1919
* Monitors HMS Raglan and HMS Abercrombie from 1918
* Emerald-class (or E-class) light cruisers laid down 1918, commissioned 1926

## Coast defence gun

During World War II some Mk XII guns were used in emergency coast defense batteries.

## Notable actions

* Ordinary Seaman John Henry Carless was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for heroism in serving his gun on HMS Caledon during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight on 17 November 1917.

## Ammunition

This gun generated a higher pressure in the chamber on firing compared to preceding 6-inch guns such as Mk VII and Mk XI. This necessitated use of special shells capable of withstanding a pressure of 20 tons per square inch on firing, which had "Q" suffixed to the name. World War I shells were marked "A.Q." denoting special 4 CRH shells for this gun.
* Mk XII A.Q.N.T. Common lyddite shell with night tracer, 1914