OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wolof music

The Wolof, the largest ethnic group in Senegal, have a distinctive musical tradition that, along with the influence of neighboring Fulani, Tukulor, Serer, Jola, and Mandinka cultures, has contributed greatly to popular Senegalese music, and to West African music in general. Wolof music takes its roots from the Serer musical tradition, particularly from the Serer pre-colonial Kingdom of Saloum. Virtually all Wolof musical terminology including musical instruments comes from the Serer language.

## Griot tradition

Wolof musicians were traditionally drawn from the griots (géwél), or of the blacksmith caste (tëgg), who were masters of drumming. Griots taught history, ethics and religion using their songs and recitations, and were employed by powerful members of the community as praise-singers and historians. Today many modern Wolof musicians still come from Griot families.
After the 19th century conversion of major Wolof kingdoms to Islam, the tagg, or ode song in Wolof, was reused in an Islamic Nasheed tradition—an important integration of pre-Islamic style into the new Muslim paradigm.

## Instruments

Wolof folk instruments include the xalam or halam, which is a five-stringed lute, very important in Wolof folk music, the sabar drums, an ensemble of seven different drums, each differently tuned, and the hourglass talking drum called a tama. The Qadiriyyah Sufi order use tabla drums.
Modern Wolof musicians have incorporated instruments usually associated with the neighboring Serer, Fula and Mandinka, including the Fula flute, the Mandinka balafon, the Maures tabla drums, the Mandinka kora (a West African harp), the riiti (a Fula single-stringed bowed instrument), the Serer instruments i.e. tama, the sabar, the junjung, and the Serer motifs and genres i.e. mbalax (from Serer-njuup), mbeng mbeng, baka, tassou, etc.
   The Serer people are known especially for their rich knowledge of vocal and rhythmic practices that infuse their everyday language with complex overlapping cadences and their ritual with intense collaborative layerings of voice and rhythm... Many Serer communities are known for their longstanding preservation of traditional healing practices, nature-based sorcery and soothsaying, love of inter-community traditional wrestling (Senegalese wrestling) matches, and intense familiarity with the complex rhythms of the African talking drum called Tama and the dance and song that accompany it.
The late Serer-diva Yandé Codou Sène was a practitioner of the Tassou (var : Tasú), a "form of sung and chanted poetry central to both everyday and ritual Serer life that is also used explicitly by the Wolof, Fula, Mandinka, Bambara and other regional ethnic groups."

## Dance Rhythms

Wolof music has unique dance rhythms. Farwoudiar (in Serer) is a women's dance with a distinct tama accompaniment in which women celebrate their prospective husbands (based on Serer marital tradition).
# 1480 Sarai raid

The Sarai raid (Russian: Рейд на Сарай) in 1480 was a joint campaign of a small Russian-Crimean detachment against the capital of the Great Horde. The campaign was caused by the fact that Akhmat Khan mobilized all his forces and sent them to Ugra, leaving the capital defenseless. The destruction of Sarai was the main reason for Akhmat's departure from Ugra.
The Russians could have completely destroyed this city, but the Crimean khan asked them not to do this, and the Russians left with a large amount loot, the khan's wives and Lithuanian politicians.
# Grand Island Harbor Rear Range Light

The Grand Island Harbor Rear Range Light is a lighthouse located off M-28 in Munising Township, Michigan. It is also known as the Bay Furnace Rear Range Light, Christmas Rear Range Light, or End of the Road Light. The corresponding front range light was replaced in 1968; the rear range light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is no longer an active aid to navigation.
The grounds only are publicly accessible, but a hike is required.

## History

The Grand Island Range Lights were lit first in 1868. The original front range light was a wooden pyramid that held a sixth-order Fresnel lens. The original rear range light was a sixth-order Fresnel lens in a wooden tower atop a frame keeper's house, 500 feet (150 m) to the rear of the front range light.
By 1914, these original frame structures were severely rotted, and both were replaced as part of a broader effort of replacing nearly all harbor lights with steel-framed structures. The new front range light was a 23-foot-tall (7.0 m) iron mast. A new automated rear range light was installed 750 feet (230 m) to the rear of the front range light. The new rear range light was a 64-foot (20 m) tower, the upper half (painted white) of which was part of a tower originally located at the Vidal Shoals. near Sault Ste. Marie. In 1939, the sixth-order Fresnel lenses were replaced with 350 millimeter glass lenses, which still used acetylene gas. In 1968, the front range light was replaced with a "D9" style tubular steel structure; in 1969 the lights were deactivated.

## Rear range light description

The 1914 Rear Range Light is a steel conical tower, 64 feet (20 m) high, with a round lantern. The light of one of the tallest, if not the tallest, of the riveted steel plate light towers installed around the Great Lakes. The tower sits on a concrete foundation; a metal door in the base of the tower and interior spiral stair provides access to the light. The tower is painted black on the bottom and white on the top, with a black lantern room. The existing light was built in 1914 replacing the original 1868 station.

## Gallery

* Interior of rear range light
* 1968 front range light; foundation of 1914 front range light is to left
* Front range light, with rear in background
# Chieh-Su Hsu

Chieh-Su Hsu (Chinese: 徐皆蘇; pinyin: Xú Jiēsū; 27 May 1922 – 22 July 2014) was a Chinese-born American engineer.

## Early life and education

Hsu was born in Beijing on 27 May 1922, as one of six siblings, including four brothers. The family moved to Suzhou, where they remained until the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1937, Hsu and his older brother moved to Chongqing, and Hsu enrolled at the Chongqing Institute of Technology.
He left China for Stanford University in the United States after becoming one of sixty students to win a nationwide contest for a scholarship. Hsu completed a master's degree in 1948, and a doctorate advised by James N. Goodier in 1950.

## Career

Upon graduating in 1945, Hsu served one year in the National Revolutionary Army, then worked at Shanghai Naval Dockyard and Engineering Works from 1946 to 1947. From 1951 to 1958, Hsu was an engineer at IBM.
Hsu began teaching at the University of Toledo in 1955, leaving for the University of California, Berkeley in 1958. In 1964, he was named full professor at Berkeley, and awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. He was elected a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1977. Subsequently, Hsu was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering in 1988, "[f]or the development of innovative techniques, especially cell-to-cell mapping, and for the analysis of the dynamics of nonlinear systems." A year before his retirement in 1991, Hsu was elected a member of Academia Sinica.

## Personal life

Hsu was married to Helen Tse from 1953 until his death. He suffered a heart attack on 6 June 2014, and died of its complications in Cupertino, California, on 22 July 2014, aged 92.
# Apanolio Creek

Apanolio Creek is a 3.6-mile-long (5.8km) southward-flowing stream in San Mateo County, California, United States which is a tributary of Pilarcitos Creek.
37°28′34″N 122°24′43″W﻿ / ﻿37.476051°N 122.411919°W﻿ / 37.476051; -122.411919
# Grand Lake St. Marys Lighthouse

The Grand Lake St. Marys Lighthouse, also known as the "Northwoods Lighthouse", is a historic lighthouse on Grand Lake St. Marys, a reservoir in the far western part of the U.S. state of Ohio. Located east of the city of Celina in Mercer County, the lighthouse was built in 1923, using a plan modeled after the Eddystone Lighthouse off the coast of Cornwall in the United Kingdom.

## History

A predominantly concrete structure, the lighthouse rests on a stone foundation. Measuring 50 feet (15 m) from foundation to pinnacle, it is covered with a dome of bronze and glass that surrounds the beacon; the dome is crowned with a decorative weathervane.
Although the lighthouse was built partially for ornamental purposes, it has also served as an active lighthouse. In its earliest years, it operated in a standard lighthouse role between April and November under a license from the U.S. Coast Guard. Grand Lake St. Marys was built to provide water for the Miami and Erie Canal; although the canal had ceased operations by 1923, there was still sufficient lake traffic to warrant the use of a lighthouse on this peninsula, which protrudes into the northern shore of the lake. Today, it is one of three lighthouses on Grand Lake St. Marys: the Celina Rotary Club erected an operating lighthouse in 1986, at the lake's northwestern corner, and a third lighthouse was completed on the lake's southern shore in 2003. Unlike the other two lighthouses, the Northwoods Lighthouse is completely inaccessible by land, as surrounding property owners have completely blocked public access.
In 1982, the Grand Lake St. Marys Lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its historically significant architecture. Key to its inclusion was its unusual location — western Ohio is a flat, landlocked region far from major bodies of water. It is the only historic lighthouse in the region, and until the construction of the Rotary Club lighthouse in 1986, there were no other lighthouses in the region at all.
# Grand Ledge Chair Company Plant

The Grand Ledge Chair Company Plant is a historic building at 101 Perry Street in Grand Ledge, Michigan, United States. It was built in 1906 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The building has been refurbished into the Riverwalk Apartments.

## History

The Grand Ledge Chair Company was founded in 1837 as a small furniture shop by Thomas Garrett, Harry Jordan, and Edward Crawford. The three reorganized and incorporated in 1888, and sold the business to Edward H. Turnbull and George H. Fletcher in 1893. Turnbull soon bought out Fletcher, gaining complete control of the company. The firm prospered under Turnbull. In 1902, Turnbull founded the Grand Ledge Table Company along with David Bell and George Coryell. They constructed a factory and mill at this site, which turned out both tables and chairs. Turnbull soon bought out the others, gaining control of the Table Company. In 1906, Turnbull constructed a new three-story factory on the site, adjacent to the 1902 plant. The new building had shipping and offices on the first floor, upholstering and storage on the second, and finishing on the third.
Edward Turnbull managed the Grand Ledge Chair Company until his death in 1916, after which it passed to his wife Emma A. Turnbull. Emma managed it until her death in 1944, after which it passed to her youngest sister and her husband, Raymond Hull. The company incorporated in 1949, but continued to be managed by Hull and his family until 1973. After that, the company became a division of Holabird Company, a manufacturing holding company, but due to falling sales, the plant closed in 1981. In the late 1980s, the site was refurbished into apartments. As part of this, the 1902 structures were razed, along with more modern ones, leaving only the 1906 plant. The building continues to be used for residential apartments.

## Description

The Grand Ledge Chair Company Plant is located on a bluff overlooking the Grand River. The 1906 factory building is a three-story cream-colored brick building 353 feet long and 50 feet wide. The font facade had regularly spaced windows in segmental-arched openings. The center entrance is set into a bay with a stepped-gable design, containing tripartite windows in the second and third stories above. Atop the roof on a square base is a wood-slat water tank held together with steel bands.
# Stacy Kamano

Stacy Lee Kamano (born September 17, 1974) is an American television actress known for her role as Kekoa Tanaka on Baywatch.

## Career

Kamano was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. At the age of 11, she won the title "Miss Tropical Pre-Teen Hawaii" and decided to pursue a career as a model and actress. Her mother is of German, Russian and Polish descent, and her father is Japanese.
Kamano joined the cast of the television series Baywatch in 1999, playing the role of lifeguard Kekoa Tanaka. Kamano was a cast member in the show's final two seasons. Kamano has also hosted the television series Extreme Sports and Hotlines.

## Personal life

Kamano attended Kalaheo High School, in Kailua, Oahu, Hawaii from 1991 to 1992.

## Partial filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1999–2001 | Baywatch | Kekoa Tanaka | 44 episodes |
| 1999 | Search Party | Celebrity contestant | TV series, 2 episodes |
| 2000 | Hottie Boombalottie | Herself | Music video of U.S. rapper KEF |
| 2003 | Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding | Kekoa Tanaka | TV movie |
| 2003 | Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt | Nghara Frisbie-West | TV movie |
| 2003 | Hotlines | Host | TV series |
| 2007 | The Bold and the Beautiful | Secretary Molly | Episode #1.5015 = |
# Emory, Virginia

Emory is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washington County, Virginia, United States. The population was 1,237 at the 2020 census down from 1,251 at the 2010 census. The community is named for and is the location of Emory and Henry College.
It is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA MSA, which is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.
The Emory post office was established in 1847.

## Notable people

* Frankie Newton (1906 – 1954) – jazz trumpeter
# Fairfax Avenue

Fairfax Avenue is a street in the north central area of the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. It runs from La Cienega Boulevard in Culver City at its southern end to Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood on its northern end. From La Cienega Boulevard (between Culver City and Mid-City) to Sunset Boulevard between West Hollywood and Hollywood, Fairfax Avenue separates the Westside from the central part of the city along with Venice Boulevard, La Cienega Boulevard, Hauser Boulevard, San Vicente Boulevard, South Cochran Avenue, Wilshire Boulevard, 6th Street, Cochran Avenue, 4th Street, La Brea Avenue, Fountain Avenue and Sunset Boulevard.
Fairfax Avenue forms the western boundary of Hancock Park as well as Park La Brea, a 160-acre (60 ha), 4,222-unit apartment complex with over 10,000 residents.
Since World War II, the Fairfax District has been a heavily Jewish neighborhood in Mid-City West. Fairfax High School, on the corner of Fairfax and Melrose Avenue, was known as the alma mater of many entertainment industry personalities. Canter's Deli has been a late night hangout in Los Angeles since the 1940s. CBS's Television City is located on the corner of Fairfax and Beverly Boulevard, where thousands camp out to wait for a chance to watch The Price Is Right, and the former site of Gilmore Stadium, where the minor league baseball team, the Hollywood Stars, used to play prior to the Dodgers moving from Brooklyn. World-famous recording studio, Cherokee Studios, home to over 250 gold and platinum records, is just above Melrose Avenue.
The Grove is off 3rd Street and Fairfax. Due to the high density of attractions, Fairfax is one of the most congested streets in Los Angeles. Little Ethiopia is further south by Olympic Blvd and north by Pico Boulevard between the Carthay Square and Wilshire Vista neighborhoods in West Los Angeles. South of Olympic, Fairfax narrows to two lanes, Pico Boulevard between the Crestview, Picfair Village, Wilshire Vista and Carthay Square neighborhoods in West Los Angeles and Venice Boulevard between the Crestview and Picfair Village neighborhoods in West Los Angeles and the Lafayette Square neighborhood in Mid-City.
At the northeast corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Fairfax is the former May Company department store building, which was converted to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and will be the future home of the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures. The Petersen Automotive Museum is located on the southeast corner of Wilshire/Fairfax.
Metro Local line 217 serves Fairfax Avenue. An underground station for the Metro D Line at Wilshire Boulevard is currently under construction and is due to open in 2023.

## Notable landmarks

* Canter's
* CBS Television City
* Farmers Market
* Academy Museum of Motion Pictures
* Petersen Automotive Museum
* Golf Wang
* Supreme
# Payra Bridge

Payra Bridge is a road bridge across the Burishwar River. It connects Barisal and Patuakhali, linking the southwest of the country to the northern regions.

## History

A student from Patuakhali wrote a letter to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina requesting to build a bridge over the river on which the bridge is located. After reading the letter, the Prime Minister assured to build the bridge. In 2012, the Department of Roads and Highways adopted a plan to build the Payra Bridge. At that time its construction cost was estimated at Tk 4.58 billion. The bridge is funded by Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development and OPEC Fund for International Development. On March 13, 2013, Sheikh Hasina laid the foundation stone of the bridge. Two years later, the budget for the bridge was doubled by revising the project. One year later, on July 24, the Longjian Road and Bridge Company was commissioned to build the bridge. In 2018, the construction work was delayed due to an error in the design of the bridge. However, in 2019, the final construction cost of the bridge was fixed at Tk 14.46 billion and the design of the bridge was changed. The four-lane bridge was scheduled to be completed in June 2020. But due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the work could not be completed on time. Later, the completion date was postponed to June 2022. The bridge was inaugurated on 28 October 2021.

## Specifications

Payra Bridge is one of the first bridges in Bangladesh to have a bridge health monitoring system. The length of the bridge is 1.48 km. The bridge has been constructed at a height of 18.3 meters above the water level to facilitate navigation. Not more than one pillar of this bridge has been placed in the river.

## Usage and benefits

Kuakata Beach is easily accessible from the bridge. Besides, this bridge connects Port of Payra with Dhaka.
# Farm to Market Road 1419

Farm to Market Road 1419 (FM 1419) is a farm to market road in Cameron County, Texas. It is the southernmost numbered route in the Texas state highway system.

## Route description

FM 1419 begins at an intersection with SH 4 west of downtown Brownsville. The route travels to the southeast, along Southmost Road, to an intersection with FM 511. The roadway then turns to the south, and then the east, to an intersection with FM 3086. After continuing to the east and passing the colonia of Southmost, FM 1419 turns to the north in South Point, and continues to its terminus at SH 4 near the Brownsville city limits.

## History

FM 1419 was originally designated on July 15, 1949, from the junction with FM 511 to South Point. On October 7 of that year, the northward extension from South Point to SH 4 was approved, replacing a section of FM 511. The eastern addition, to SH 4, was designated on September 21, 1955. On June 27, 1995, the western section of the route, from SH 4 to FM 511, was officially redesignated as Urban Road 1419 (UR 1419), but that section was changed back to FM 1419 on November 15, 2018. On April 29, 2010, the sections from 1.9 miles west of FM 3068 to FM 3068 and from .04 mile north of Dockberry Road to 0.7 miles south of SH 4 were redesignated as SH 32. The section from FM 3068 to .04 mile north of Dockberry Road was designated as FM 3550. The section from 0.7 miles south of SH 4 to SH 4 was redesignated as FM 3551. Since SH 32 has not been built yet, signage has not changed.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Cameron County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Brownsville | 0.0 | 0.0 | SH 4 (International Blvd.) | Western terminus |
| Brownsville | 2.7 | 4.3 | FM 511 (Dockberry Rd.) | Northern terminus |
| ​ | 6.2 | 10.0 | FM 3068 (Indiana Ave.) | |
| ​ | 12.3 | 19.8 | SH 4 (Boca Chica Blvd.) | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Green Township, Nodaway County, Missouri

Green Township is a township in western Nodaway County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It contains about 67 sections of land. The now disincorporated village of Quitman lies in its center and a small hamlet named Fairview was located four miles southwest. All of Bilby Ranch Lake Conservation Area lies in its southwest.
Green Township was established on June 14th, 1866 and was named after Nathanael Greene, an American Revolutionary War general.
Bowman Branch headwaters on the northern border of this township with Nodaway Township and travels southwesterly through this township and becomes a tributary of the Nodaway River just south of Quitman.
# Bebearia sophus

Bebearia sophus, the Sophus forester, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and possibly Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic and Angola. The habitat consists of low to montane forests.
E. sophus F. (41 b) is distinguished by the pointed, almost falcate forewing with the distal margin broadly emarginate. In the male the wings are very dark brown above with rather indistinct transverse bands; the forewing has between the costal margin and vein 4 or 3 a sharply defined yellow subapical band; the under surface is irregularly chequered with violet-grey and greenish brown and the costal margin of the forewing between the middle of the cell and the subapical band broadly yellow-grey; from the apex of the forewing to the middle of the hindmargin runs a whitish curved line, which at least from the hindmargin to vein 4 is distinct and dark-edged, on the hindwing it is continued as a transverse streak in cellule 7; the hindwing is broadly violet-grey at the anal angle. In the female the forewing at the base and at the hindmargin and the hindwing to the submarginal line are light greenish blue; the subapical band of the forewing is very broad, light yellow, and reaches vein 3; beneath both wings are violet-grey with the broad, proximallv curved distal area of the forewing and a triangular transverse shadow on the hindwing, extending from the middle of the costal margin towards the middle of the distal margin, dark greenish brown. Sierra Leone to Angola, ab. phreone Feisth. only differs in the male in the somewhat lighter ground-colour; the female has a white subapical band on the upperside of the forewing and is lighter blue above. Senegal to Liberia and in the Congo region.
Adults are attracted to fallen fruit.
The larvae feed on Landolphia and Chrysophyllum species.

## Subspecies

* B. s. sophus (Guinea: Conakry, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo)
* B. s. aruunda (Overlaet, 1955) (Democratic Republic of the Congo: Mayumbe, Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, north Kivu, Tshopo, Equateur, Cataractes, Kwilu, Kasai, Sankuru, Lomami, Lualaba and Tanganika)
* B. s. audeoudi (Riley, 1936) (Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania)
* B. s. monforti Hecq, 1990 (Rwanda)
* B. s. ochreata (Carcasson, 1961) (western Tanzania)
* B. s. phreone (Feisthamel, 1850) (Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea)