# List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs

This is a list of reigning non-sovereign monarchs in Asia, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs, but not the kings of Bahrain, Bhutan, Cambodia, Jordan, Saudi Arabia or Thailand, the emperor of Japan, the sultans of Brunei or Oman, or the emirs of Kuwait or Qatar. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.

## Indonesia

Present information regarding governmental recognition of traditional monarchs in Indonesia is inadequate. In some instances below, pre-colonial polities have been restored, and the royal titles of their leaders have been nominally confirmed. In other cases, the government has refused to revive monarchies that had been abolished during the earliest years of the republic. Despite the historical suppression of these dynasties, a large number have retained their culture, identity, and their status within their own communities. Royal titles are still widely used, bestowed in formal enthronement ceremonies conducted without formal recognition from Jakarta.
In recent years, the number of dynasties receiving recognition as nominal cultural authorities has steadily increased. However, because it remains unclear as to which monarchies have not yet been recognised, the list below will contain all extant Indonesian dynasties on which there is information available. Monarchs that have explicitly been denied recognition are listed under pretenders. The Sultan of Yogyakarta and the Duke of Pakualaman are listed separately due to the constitutional nature of their position.
| State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Type | Succession | Refs |
| Indonesia | Yogyakarta | Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X | 2 October 1988 | House of Mataram Hamengkubuwono Family | Limited | Hereditary | |
| Indonesia | Pakualaman | Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Paku Alam X | 7 January 2016 | House of Mataram Paku Alam Family | Limited | Hereditary | |

### Bali

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Bangli | Anak Agung Made Rai Rama | 1961 | Gelgel | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Buleleng | Anak Agung Ngurah Brawida | 2 June 1978 | Sangket | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Denpasar | Tjokorda Ngurah Jambe | 25 November 2005 | Pemecutan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Gianyar | Anak Agung Gde Agung II | 22 April 1999 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Karangasem | Anak Agung Gde Agung Putra Agung | 9 April 2009 | Karangasem | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kasiman | Tjokorda Ngurah Kusuma Wardhana | 22 April 1989 | Kasiman | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Klungkung | Dewa Agung Ida Dalem Semaraputra | 10 October 2010 | Klungkung | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Pamecutan | Tjokorda Ngurah Manik Parisara | 1986 | Pemecutan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Tabanan | Tjokorda Anglurah | 21 March 2008 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Ubud | Vacant | 20 July 1978 | Sukawati | Hereditary |

### Borneo

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Banjarmasin | Sultan Khairul Saleh | 24 July 2010 | Alwatzkubillah | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Bulungan | Sultan Abdul Hamid | 2 December 2008 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kutai | Sultan Aji Muhammad Arifin | | Kutai | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kubu | Tuan Besar Syarif Ibrahim bin Syarif Nyoh | 4 March 2008 | Al Idrus | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kotawaringin | Pangeran Ratu Alidin Sukma Alamsyah | 2010 | Alwatzkubillah | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Landak | Pangeran Ratu Suryansyah Amiruddin | 24 January 2000 | Ismahayana | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Matan | Pangeran Ratu Uti Iwan Kusnadi | 11 August 2004 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Mempawah | Pangeran Ratu Mulawangsa Mardan Adijaya | 12 August 2002 | Amantubillah | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Pasir | Pangeran Ratu Abdul Rasyid | 16 October 2000 | Belengkong | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Pontianak | Sultan Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie | 17 July 2017 | Al Kadri | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sambaliung | Sultan Fachruddin | 19 October 2009 | Berau | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sambas | Pangeran Ratu Muhammad Tarhan | 3 February 2008 | Alwatzkubillah | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sanggau | Pangeran Ratu Arman Surya | 26 July 2009 | Suryanegara | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sekadau | Pangeran Agung Muhammad Efendi | 28 February 2009 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Selimbau | Panembahan Muhammad Asbi | 2004 | Assidiqi | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Simpang | Sultan Muhammad Jamaluddin II | 31 May 2008 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sintang | Panembahan Kusuma Negara V | 17 September 2003 | Kusumanegara | Hereditary |

### Java

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Banten | Sultan Syarif Muhammad ash-Shafiuddin | 11 December 2016 | Surosowan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kacirebonan | Sultan Abdul Gani Natadiningrat III | 28 October 1997 | Kacirebonan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kanoman | Sultan Muhammad Emiruddin | 6 March 2003 | Kanoman | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kasepuhan | Sultan Sepuh XIV | 30 April 2010 | Kasepuhan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Mangkunegaran | Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara X | 12 March 2022 | House of Mataram Mangkunegaran Family | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sumedang | Paduka Yang Mulia Sri Radya Lukman Soemadisoeria | | Sumedang Larang | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Surakarta | Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII | 10 September 2004 | House of Mataram Pakubuwana Family | Hereditary |

### Maluku

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Amahai | Upu Latu Johan Dominggus Hallatu | 1954 | Hallatu Ruma Iralo | Hereditary and elective |
| Indonesia | Atiahu | Jou Muhammadiyah Wailissa | | Wailissa | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Bacan | Sultan Al-Abd-Al-Rahim Gary bin Gahral | 19 November 2010 | Kamarullah | Hereditary and elective |
| Indonesia | Faan | Raja Patris | April 2002 | Renwarin | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Hitu | Upu Latu Salhana Pellu | 21 March 2007 | Hitulama | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Jailolo | Sultan Abdullah Syah | January 2002 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kisar | Raja Johannis Bakker | | Bakker | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Loloda | Jogugu Lutfi Muhammad Syamsuddin | 30 August 2009 | Syamsuddin | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Soya | Raja Johan Lodewijk Rehatta | 9 December 2005 | Rehatta | Hereditary and elective |
| Indonesia | Tulehu | Upu Latu John Saleh Ohorella | 13 February 2003 | Ohorella | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Ternate | Sultan Hidayatullah Sjah | 18 December 2021 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Tidore | Sultan Djafar Syah | 28 October 1999 | | Hereditary |

### Papua

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Arguni | Raja Hanafi Pauspaus | | Pauspaus | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Atiati | Raja Muhammad Syahrul Yusuf Bay | 14 February 2018 | Kerewaindżai | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Fatagar | Raja Taufiq Heru | 31 December 2009 | Uswanas | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kaibus | Woronemin Melkianus Kondjol | 1990s | Kondjol | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kaimana | Rat Umis Abdul Hakim Achmad | 1980 | Aituarauw | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Namatota | Ratu Randi Asnawi Ombaier | 2017 | Ombaier | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Patipi | Raja Atarai Iba | 2022 | Sameni | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Rumbati | Raja Hamrad Pitupuwah Bauw | 2 May 2019 | Bauw | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Salawati | Raja Muhammad Tahir Arfan | | Arfan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sekar | Raja Arief Rumagesan | | Rumagesan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Wertuar | Raja Musa Heremba | 15 April 1988 | Heremba | Hereditary |

### Roti

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Baa | Manek Paulus Dae Pane | 1998 | Dae Pane | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Bokai | Manek Herman Dupe | 1 January 1961 | Dupe | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Dehla | Manek Nehemia Ndun | 2 October 1972 | Ndun | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Dengka | Vacant | 1970 | Tungga | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Korbafo | Vacant | 6 March 2000 | Manubulu | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Landu | Vacant | 18 March 2008 | Johannes | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Lelain | Manek Yunus Besi | | Besi | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Lelenuk | Manek Christoffel Daik | 28 September 1994 | Daik | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Loleh | Manek Soleman Zacharias | 15 July 2003 | Zacharias | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Ndao | Manek Soleman Kotten | 1968 | Kotten | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Oenale | Manek Christoffel Hanok Lenggu | | Lenggu | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Oepao | Manek Jefry Sjioen | 2005 | Sjioen | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Ringgou | Vacant | 22 March 2002 | Daoed | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Termanu | Manek Soleman Jeremias Amalo | 14 October 2007 | Amalo | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Thie | Vacant | 25 January 2010 | Mburalae | Hereditary |

### Sulawesi

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Balangnipa | Maradia Fadly Patayangi | 19 November 2005 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Banawa | Vacant | 16 November 2006 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Banggai | Tomundo Mohamad Fikran Ramadhan | 29 January 2010 | Awaluddin | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Barru | Vacant | | House of Royal Buginese Barru | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Bone | Arumpone Baso Hamid | 7 April 2006 | House of Royal Buginese Bone | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Buton | Sultan La Ode Mohammad Izat Manarfa | 27 November 2006 | Kumbewahatak | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Gowa | Sultan Kumala Idjo Batara Gowa III | 2014 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Luwu | Tuanku Datu Haji Andi Maradang Mackulau | December 2012 | House of Royal Buginese Luwu | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Mamuju | Maradia Maksum Dai | | Mak Lonjok | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Mori | Vacant | | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sanrabone | Karaeng Ali Mallombasi | 25 July 2008 | Sanrabone | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Soppeng | Datu Unru Mappanjantji | 2001 | | Hereditary |

### Sumatra

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Asahan | Sultan Kamal Abrahim | 17 May 1980 | Pinangawan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Bangkara | Raja Sisingamangaraja XV | 24 December 1972 | Pasaribu | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Deli | Sultan Aria Lamanjiji | 22 July 2005 | Maimun | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Dolok Silau | Raja Tanjar Gaim Purba Tambak | 23 November 2008 | Purba | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Indragiri | Sultan Tengku Arief | 1 February 1986 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Jambi | Sultan Abdurrahman Taha Syaifuddin Syah | 18 March 2012 | | Hereditary and elective |
| Indonesia | Langkat | Sultan Azwar Abdul Jalil | 21 May 2003 | | Hereditary and elective |
| Indonesia | Pagaruyung | Raja Alam Muhammad Taufik Thaib | 10 June 2007 | Adityawarman | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Palembang | Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin III | 4 March 2003 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Pelalawan | Tengku Besar Kamaruddin bin Harun | 7 August 2008 | Al Shahab | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Serdang | Sultan Basyarsyah II | 28 January 2001 | Alamsyah | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Siguntur | Sultan Hendri Tuanku Bagindo Ratu | 1968 | Siguntur | Hereditary |

### Timor

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Amanatun | Usif Pah Gustaf Immanuel | 26 September 1996 | Banunaek | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Amanuban | Usif Pah Nesi Nope | 1980 | Nope | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Amarasi | Usif Pah Robert Maurits Koroh | 1990 | Koroh | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Amfoan | Usif Pah Robert Gordon Manoh | 27 September 2001 | Manoch | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Biboki | Usif Pah Johanis Tnesi Us | | Boko | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Boti | Usif Pah Nama Benu | March 2005 | Benu | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Fialarang | Loro Jadokus Manek | 1990 | Da Costa | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Insana | Usif Pah Theodorus Taolin | 1991 | Taolin | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kupang | Usif Pah Leopold Nicolaas Nisnoni | July 2004 | Nisnoni | Elective and hereditary |
| Indonesia | Lamaknen | Loro Josef Kalimau | 16 October 2003 | Bunak | Elective and hereditary |
| Indonesia | Miomaffo | Usif Pah Alfons Kono | 1986 | Kono | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Mollo | Usif Pah Edison Oematan | 12 August 2001 | Oematan | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Noimuti | Usif Pah Antonius da Costa | | Da Costa | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Wehali | Disputed | 11 May 2003 | Waihale | Hereditary |
| East Timor | Oecusse | Liurai Antonio I | 4 May 2001 | Da Costa | Hereditary |

### Others

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Indonesia | Anakalang | Raja Sappi Pateduk II | 1992 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Barnusa | Raja Akbar Salim | | Baso | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Batulolong | Raja Constantijn Karimalei | 1996 | Karimalei | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Bima | Jena Teke Zulkarnain | 17 June 2001 | Dewa Dalam Bawa | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Dompu | Vacant | 1964 | Sirajuddin | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kolana | Raja Yusuf Makunimau | 1996 | Makunimau | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Kui | Raja Kaharuddin Kinanggi | | Kinanggi | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Lamakera | Raja Abdul Gafur Ibrahim | 1987 | Dasi | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Lewa | Raja Pingi Ai | 23 January 1978 | | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Lohayong | Sengaji Muhamad Idrus | February 2008 | Kalake | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Riau-Lingga | Sultan Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah ibni Almarhum Yamtuan Muda Riau X Raja Muhammad Yusuf | 8 April 1964 | House of Royal Buginese Luwu Opu Daeng Chelak Family | Hereditary |
| Indonesia | Sumbawa | Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin IV | 5 April 2011 | Kaharuddin | Hereditary |

## Malaysia

| State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Type | Succession |
| Malaysia | Johor | Sultan Ibrahim Ismail | 22 January 2010 | Temenggong Johor | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| Malaysia | Kedah | Sultan Sallehuddin | 12 September 2017 | Mahawangsa | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| Malaysia | Kelantan | Sultan Muhammad V | 13 September 2010 | Long Yunus | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| Malaysia | Negeri Sembilan | Tuanku Muhriz | 29 December 2008 | Royal Pagaruyung-Negeri Sembilan | Constitutional | Hereditary and elective |
| Malaysia | Pahang | Al-Sultan Sultan Abdullah | 15 January 2019 | Bendahara Johor-Pahang | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| Malaysia | Perak | Sultan Nazrin Shah | 29 May 2014 | Siak-Perak | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| Malaysia | Perlis | Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin | 17 April 2000 | Jamalullail | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| Malaysia | Selangor | Sultan Sharafuddin | 21 November 2001 | Royal Buginese Luwu-Opu Daeng Chelak | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| Malaysia | Terengganu | Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin | 16 May 1998 | Bendahara Johor-Terengganu | Constitutional | Hereditary |
| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Negeri Sembilan | Jelebu | Dato' Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman Dato' Haji Maarof bin Haji Mat Rashad | 2018 | House of Kemim | Elective and hereditary |
| Negeri Sembilan | Johol | Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan Dato' Muhammad bin Haji Abdullah | 27 March 2016 | House of Gemencheh | Elective and hereditary |
| Negeri Sembilan | Naning | Dato' Mohd Nazrol Bin Mahamad Sapar | 2020 | | Elective and hereditary |
| Negeri Sembilan | Rembau | | | House of Jakun | Elective and hereditary |
| Negeri Sembilan | Sungai Ujong | Dato' Klana Petra Dato' Mubarak Dohak | 29 December 1993 | House of Hulu | Elective and hereditary |
| Negeri Sembilan | Tampin | Tunku Syed Razman bin Tunku Syed Idrus Al-Qadri | 26 December 2005 | House of Al Qadri | Hereditary |

## Philippines

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Philippines | Buayan | Sultan Mohammad Amil Kusain | 28 June 2008 | Camsa | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Lanao | Sultan Mastura Manabilang | 25 May 1996 | A Maranao dynasty. The current sultan belongs principally to the House of Madaya. He also descends from the houses of Lombayao, and Marantao. | Elective |
| Philippines | Maguindanao | Macapado Benito | 11 January 2006 | Kudarat | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Panay | Sultan Cipriano Querol Jr. | 13 February 2011 | Querol | Unclear |
| Philippines | Sulu | Sultan Muedzul Lail-Tan Kiram | 16 September 2012 | Kiram | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Talik | Sultan Col. Datu Nasser | 13 August 2005 | Pendatun, Sr., Al-Haj | Hereditary |
| Lanao confederates |||||||
| Philippines | Bacolod | Sultan Madki Maurak | | Bacolod | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Baloi | Sultan Camad Mangotara Ali | | Baloi | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Bansayan | Sultan Calicozaman Basman | | Bansayan | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Bayang | Sultan Ali Manding | | Bayang | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Borocot | Sultan Saidali Baniaga | | Dirampaten | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Butig | Sultan Nasroden Ador | | Butig | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Cabugatan | Datu Manaros Simbaan | | Cabugatan | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Ditsaan | Sultan Tamano Pandapata | | Ditsaan | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Dumalondong | Sultan Macaurog Guinar | | Domalondong | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Maribo | Sultan Nasser Magomnang | | Maribo | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Masiu | Sultan Topaan Disomimba | 4 February 2002 | Masiu | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Minitupad | Sultan Pagaranganan Mitmug | | Minitupad | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Pagayawan | Sultan Mamasaranao Mulok | | Pagayawan | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Ramain | Sultan Patadatu Bayas | 11 December 2002 | Ramain | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Rogon | Sultan Bangcola Adtha | | Rogon | Hereditary |
| Philippines | Taporog | Sultan Farouk Sharif | July 1998 | Taporog | Hereditary |

## South Asia

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession |
| Bangladesh | Bohmong | Raja Chaw Prue | 1959 | Chowdhury | Hereditary and elective |
| Bangladesh | Chakma | Raja Debashish | 12 November 1971 | Roy | Hereditary |
| Bangladesh | Mong | Raja Saching Prue | 22 October 2008 | Chowdhury | Hereditary and elective |
| India | Daher-Amla | Raja Tapatrao Anandrao | | Bhil | Hereditary |
| India | Gadhvi | Raja Yashwant Rao | | Bhil | Hereditary |
| India | Linga | Raja Bhavarsingh | | Bhil | Hereditary |
| India | Pimpri | Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao | | Bhil | Hereditary |
| India | Vasurna | Raja Chandra Singh | | Bhil | Hereditary |

## Timor-Leste

| State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
| Timor-Leste | Oecusse | Liurai Antonio I | 4 May 2001 | Da Costa | Hereditary | |
| Timor-Leste | Turiscai | Dom Luis F.S.S. Pereira | 2017 | Pereira | Hereditary | |

## United Arab Emirates

| State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Type | Succession |
| United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi | Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | 14 May 2022 | Al Nahyan | Limited | Hereditary |
| United Arab Emirates | Ajman | Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi III | 6 September 1981 | Al Nuaim | Limited | Hereditary |
| United Arab Emirates | Dubai | Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid | 4 January 2006 | Al Maktoum | Limited | Hereditary |
| United Arab Emirates | Fujairah | Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed | 18 September 1974 | Al Sharqi | Limited | Hereditary |
| United Arab Emirates | Ras al-Khaimah | Sheikh Saud bin Saqr | 27 October 2010 | Al Qasimi | Limited | Hereditary |
| United Arab Emirates | Sharjah | Sheikh Sultan III bin Mohamed | 23 June 1987 | Al Qasimi | Limited | Hereditary |
| United Arab Emirates | Umm al-Qaiwain | Sheikh Saud bin Rashid | 2 January 2009 | Al Mu‘alla | Limited | Hereditary |