OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ultra low frequency

Radio bands :
ITU :
| 1 (ELF) | 2 (SLF) | 3 (ULF) | 4 (VLF) |
| 5 (LF) | 6 (MF) | 7 (HF) | 8 (VHF) |
| 9 (UHF) | 10 (SHF) | 11 (EHF) | 12 (THF) |
EU / NATO / US ECM :
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N :
IEEE :
HF
VHF
UHF
L
S
C
X
K$_u$
K
K$_a$
V
W
mm :
Other TV and radio :
I
II
III
IV
V
VI :
vte :
Ultra low frequency (ULF) is the ITU designation for the frequency range of electromagnetic waves between 300 hertz and 3 kilohertz, corresponding to wavelengths between 1,000 and 100 km. In magnetosphere science and seismology, alternative definitions are usually given, including ranges from 1 mHz to 100 Hz, 1 mHz to 1 Hz, and 10 mHz to 10 Hz.
Many types of waves in the ULF frequency band can be observed in the magnetosphere and on the ground. These waves represent important physical processes in the near-Earth plasma environment. The speed of the ULF waves is often associated with the Alfvén velocity that depends on the ambient magnetic field and plasma mass density.
This band is used for communications in mines, as it can penetrate the earth.

## Earthquakes

Some monitoring stations have reported that earthquakes are sometimes preceded by a spike in ULF activity. A remarkable example of this occurred before the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in California, although a subsequent study indicates that this was little more than a sensor malfunction. On December 9, 2010, geoscientists announced that the DEMETER satellite observed a dramatic increase in ULF radio waves over Haiti in the month before the magnitude 7.0 M$_w$ 2010 earthquake. Researchers are attempting to learn more about this correlation to find out whether this method can be used as part of an early warning system for earthquakes.

## Earth mode communications

ULF has been used by the military for secure communications through the ground. NATO AGARD publications from the 1960s detailed many such systems, although it is possible that the published papers left a lot unsaid about what actually was developed secretly for defense purposes. Communications through the ground using conduction fields is known as "Earth-Mode" communications and was first used in World War I. Radio amateurs and electronics hobbyists have used this mode for limited range communications using audio power amplifiers connected to widely spaced electrode pairs hammered into the soil. At the receiving end, the signal is detected as a weak electric current between a further pair of electrodes. Using weak signal reception methods with PC-based DSP filtering with extremely narrow bandwidths, it is possible to receive signals at a range of a few kilometers with a transmitting power of 10–100 W and electrode spacing of around 10–50 m.
# Hihifo Airport

Hihifo Airport (IATA: WLS, ICAO: NLWW) is an airport in Hihifo serving Wallis Island in Wallis and Futuna. The airport is 5.6 km from Mata-Utu, the capital city. It was constructed by Seabees in March 1942 as a bomber field. It was upgraded in 1964.
In 2015 the airport was blockaded by locals as part of a land dispute.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Aircalin | Nadi, Nouméa |
| Air Loyauté | Futuna |
# Street, County Westmeath (civil parish)

Street (Irish: An tSráid) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 20 km (12 mi) north-north-west of Mullingar.
Street is one of 6 civil parishes in the barony of Moygoish in the Province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 13,365 acres (54.09 km$^2$).
Street civil parish comprises 35 townlands: Athenboy, Ballew, Ballykildevin, Barradrum, Boherquill, Bottomy, Burgesland, Chancery, Clonava, Clonconnell, Clonkeen, Clonmore, Coolamber, Coolnagun, Cornacausk, Corralanna, Correaly, Culvin, Derradd, Dunamon, Fearmore, Garriskil, Gortanear, Hospitalbank, Kilmore, Kilshallow, Kiltareher, Lisduff, Lismacaffry, Lisnagappagh, Milkernagh, Monagead, Rath, Rehabane and Tinode.
The neighbouring civil parishes are Lickbla (barony of Fore to the north-east, Mayne (barony of Fore) to the east, Lackan (barony of Corkaree) and Russagh to the south and Granard (County Longford), Mostrim (County Longford), and Street (County Longford} to the west.
# Tongwadian (Dali)

Tongwadian (simplified Chinese: 铜瓦殿; traditional Chinese: 銅瓦殿; pinyin: Tóngwǎdiàn; lit. 'Copper Tile Hall'), also known as Jinding Temple (金顶寺; 金頂寺; 'Gold Summit Temple'), is a Buddhist temple located on Mount Jizu, in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan, China.

## History

The temple was originally built in the Zhengtong period (1436–1449) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Because it located on the top of Mount Jizu, it also known as Gold Summit Temple.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Śūraṅgama Pagoda was used as the navigation mark of The Hump.
In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the ten-year Cultural Revolution, the temple was completely destroyed in this massive movement, only the main hall and Śūraṅgama Pagoda survived.
It was inscribed to the National Key Buddhist Temple in Han Chinese Area List in 1983.
A modern restoration of the entire temple complex was carried out in 2000 under the leadership of Shi Weisheng (释惟圣).

## Architecture

The existing main buildings include the Shanmen, Four Heavenly Kings Hall, Mahavira Hall, Bell tower, Drum tower, Buddhist Texts Library, and Śūraṅgama Pagoda.

### Śūraṅgama Pagoda

The 13-storey, 42-metre (138 ft) tall, quadrilateral-based Śūraṅgama Pagoda (楞严塔) was built in 1641 in the reign of Chongzhen Emperor in the late Ming dynasty (1638–1644). Its name is derived from Śūraṅgama Sūtra.
# Metzgau

The Metzgau was a medieval Gaugrafschaft, a frankish management district, with the city of Metz as its center. The County of Metz originated from the Metzgau.
North of the Metzgau down the Moselle lay the Moselgau, whose administrative seat was temporarily Metz, wherewith a territorial overlap with the Metzgau existed at least for some time.

## Counts in Metzgau

* Gerhard, b. 870, d. 22 June 910, Count in Metzgau (Matfriede); m. 900 Oda of Saxony, daughter of Duke Otto der Erlauchte (Liudolfinger)
* Matfried I, b. 875, d. after 926, brother of Gerhard, 926 Count in Metzgau; m. Lantsind, daughter of Count Radald, sister of bishop Dado of Verdun
The descendants of Matfried named themselves then Counts of Metz.
49°07′10″N 6°10′42″E﻿ / ﻿49.1194°N 6.1783°E﻿ / 49.1194; 6.1783
# Kolonia Czartowczyk

Kolonia Czartowczyk is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tyszowce, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Tyszowce, 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 103 km (64 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Bierley, West Yorkshire

Bierley is an area in the Tong ward of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Until 1974 it was in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

## Geography

Bierley housing estate is situated about 2.3 miles (3.7 km) south-east of the centre of Bradford, south of the A650 road and the A6036 road. Neighbouring places are in clockwise order: Oakenshaw in the south, Low Moor, Odsal, Bankfoot, West Bowling, East Bowling, Dudley Hill, Holme Wood, Westgate Hill and Tong Village in the City of Bradford and East Bierley in Kirklees in the south-east.

## History

In 1872 Bierley was recorded as a township in the parish of Bradford that included the village of Wibsey, the hamlets of Bierley Lane, Carr Lane, Hilltop, Odsal Moor, Woodhouse Hill and Folly Hall, and the districts of Low Moor (where the Leeds, Bradford and Halifax Junction Railway had a station) and Slack. Its population was about 9,500 persons in 1841 and 12,500 in 1861. The township was also known as North Bierley, to distinguish it from similarly named places. This is remembered in the name of North Bierley cemetery, opened in 1902 and situated between Low Moor and Buttershaw. In 1866 North Bierley became a separate civil parish, from 1894 to 1899 North Bierley was an urban district, the district contaiend the parishes of North Bierley and Wyke. In 1951 the parish had a population of 26,739.
The former township has been split up following administrative reorganisation. The modern housing estate of Bierley, Bierley Hall Wood, and the hamlets of Bierley Lane and Hilltop now belong to Tong ward. Low Moor and Carr Lane are part of Wyke ward, while Wibsey, Slack and Folly Hall are in Wibsey ward.

## Notable buildings

* St John the Evangelist, Bierley, dating from 1766, now a Grade II* listed building.
* A set of two-storey yeoman's houses in Shetcliffe Lane dates back to the 15th or 16th century. The originally timber-framed buildings were encased in gritstone masonry in 1625 and have also been declared Grade II* listed buildings.

## Notable people

* Charles Sutton (1906–1945), cricketer
# Templeoran

Templeoran (Irish: Teampall Odhráin, meaning 'Oran's church') also known as Piercefield or Templeoran is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north‑west of Mullingar. It should not be confused with Piercefield, a townland in the neighbouring civil parish of Leny.
Templeoran is one of 12 townlands of the civil parish of Templeoran in the barony of Moygoish in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 756.68 acres (3.0622 km$^2$). The neighbouring townlands are: Farrow, Grange and Piercefield to the north, Balrath and Grangegeeth to the east, Ballyedward, Johnstown and Sonna Demesne to the south and Ballyhug to the west.
In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 14 houses and 67 inhabitants in the townland.
# Scribbler (card shop)

Scribbler is a British chain of greeting card and gift retailers. As of 2025, they have 36 shops throughout the UK.
Scribbler was founded in 1981 by John and Jennie Procter, and as of 2025, is still run by the original management team. Scribbler states that they are "at the forefront of edgy humour and great design".
# Hanggang sa Dulo ng Buhay Ko

Hanggang sa Dulo ng Buhay Ko (transl. until the end of my life / international title: Obsession) is a 2019 Philippine television drama horror series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Jorron Lee Monroy, it stars Kris Bernal, Rayver Cruz, Kim Domingo and Megan Young. It premiered on July 22, 2019 on the network's Afternoon Prime and Sabado Star Power sa Hapon line up. The series concluded on October 19, 2019, with a total of 78 episodes.
Originally titled as The Haunted Wife, it was later renamed to Hanggang sa Dulo ng Buhay Ko. The series is streaming online on YouTube.

## Premise

Yvie Cardeñas and Matteo Divinagracia are childhood sweethearts who fall in love and eventually get married. They happily moved into their new family home, along with their adopted son and Yvie's cousin, Katya Calderon. Matteo's former girlfriend, Naomi Espiritu will put fear into their lives and disrupt their lives.

## Cast and characters
### Lead cast

* Kris Bernal as Naomi Espiritu
* Rayver Cruz as Matteo Divinagracia
* Kim Domingo as Katherine "Katya" De Jesus Calderon / Naomi Espiritu
* Megan Young as Yvette “Yvie” Cardeñas-Divinagracia

### Supporting cast

* Boots Anson-Roa as Adora "Abuela" Divinagracia
* Sharmaine Arnaiz as Valentina "Tina" De Jesus-Cardeñas
* Francine Prieto as Mercedes "Mercy" De Jesus-Calderon
* Beverly Salviejo as Vanessa "Vane" Espiritu
* Euwenn Aleta as Santino "Santy" Cardeñas Divinagracia / Matteo Espiritu Divinagracia Jr.
* Denise Barbacena as Brooke
* Analyn Barro as Tyra Espiritu
* Joaquin Manansala as Paul
* Rob Moya as Bob

### Guest cast

* Gileth Sandico as Mariana
* Patricia Javier as Loida
* Rodjun Cruz as Ben Dela Cruz
* Patani Daño as Trinity
* Kevin Sagra as Carlson
* Hannah Precillas as Nina
* Boboy Garovillo as Daryl
* Rodolfo Muyuela as Kulas
* Patricia Tumulak as Michelle
* Rey PJ Abellana as Ross
* Cherry Malvar as Pearl
* Marlon Mance as Darius
* Bryan Benedict as Bustamante
* Visam Arenas as Gino
* Andrew Ferrer as Kicks

## Ratings

According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Nationwide Urban Television Audience Measurement People in television homes, the pilot episode of Hanggang sa Dulo ng Buhay Ko earned a 5% rating.

## Accolades

Accolades received by Hanggang sa Dulo ng Buhay Ko :
| Year | Awards | Category | Recipient | Result |
| 2019 | VP Choice Awards | TV Actress of the Year | Kris Bernal | Nominated |
| 2021 | 34th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Child Performer | Euwenn Aleta | Nominated |
| 2021 | 34th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Daytime Drama Series | Hanggang sa Dulo ng Buhay Ko | Nominated |
# James Sherman (comics)

James Sherman (b. c. 1948) is an artist known for his work in American comic books, movies, and logos.

## Career

James Sherman is an artist and colorist who worked for DC Comics and Marvel Comics in the 1970s and 1980s. His first professional comics art appeared in Tarzan Family #65 and Blackhawk #248 (both cover dated Sept.–Oct. 1976). He drew the Challengers of the Unknown lead feature in Super-Team Family #8–10 in collaboration with writer Steve Skeates and inker Jack Abel. Sherman is best known for his pencil work on Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes in the late 1970s, when he took over as regular artist following Mike Grell. He and writer Paul Levitz introduced the Dawnstar character in Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes #226 (April 1977). Sherman's run ended halfway through the multiple issue "Earthwar" story arc due to his displeasure with the direction of the storyline. He did not like the ending which had Mordru the magician revealed as the final villain behind all the different factions attacking Earth. He left the title and was replaced by Joe Staton. Sherman's run as the regular penciller on Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes ran from issue #225 (March 1977) to #242 (Aug. 1978).
In 1980, Sherman joined Upstart Associates, a shared studio space on West 29th Street in New York City. Founded by Howard Chaykin, Walt Simonson, Val Mayerik, and Jim Starlin; Sherman replaced Mayerik, who had left the city. The membership of the studio changed over time, and eventually Sherman took the space over for his own use.
At Marvel Comics, Sherman worked on various titles including The Spectacular Spider-Man Annual #3 (1981) which featured a guest appearance by the Man-Wolf. Sherman was the artist on Elaine Lee's 1991 noir space opera The Transmutation of Ike Garuda. He has done fill-in work from time-to time on a number of titles, but primarily works in commercial art.
Sherman created the logo for the supermarket chain ShopRite. Sherman formerly claimed to have created the logo for Major League Baseball. He has since acknowledged that a logo he designed for MLB is similar to the original logo, but that he did not design the original logo.
# Magnus Cathedral

Magnus Cathedral (Faroese: Kirkjubømúrurin, Magnus-katedralurin, Danish: Magnuskatedralen) is a ruined cathedral in the village of Kirkjubøur on the island of Streymoy in the Faroe Islands. The ruins are the largest medieval building in the Faroe Islands.

## History

Bishop Erlendur (1269–1308) started construction in about the year 1300. Earlier it was believed that the structure was never completed, however recent research suggests otherwise. The finding of an arch roof base and of old plastering on the walls indicate that the structure was actually roofed and in use at some point. Also the size of the famous pew ends from the nearby Saint Olav's Church indicates that they were originally made for and placed inside the roofed cathedral. However it did not have a long lifetime, because after the Reformation in 1537, the Diocese of the Faroe Islands was abolished and supposedly the cathedral was left to decay.
The only known relic of Saint Thorlak, the patron saint of Iceland, is a bone fragment contained with other saints' relics in a lead box in the sanctuary's end wall ("The Golden Locker").

## Conservation work

Conservation work on the Cathedral started in 1997, as it became clear that the ruin was deteriorating at a rapid pace, with more and more mortar falling away due to the elements, mostly from rain, but also salty sea air and sea water. During 2002-2004, a wooden shed was erected around most of the ruin, giving it enough shelter to dry out, before work could begin on preservation. The shed drew considerable criticism because of its looks.
During the research into how to preserve the ruin, a conclusion was reached. No outward reconstruction would be made, and instead ongoing preservation work would be implemented, where the mortar would be reinforced from time to time. In addition, all horizontal surfaces, where water could seep in, would be "soft capped" with mortar and clay before being topped with sod and grass. This work began in 2010.
Today considerable headway has been made. Large sections of the shedding have been removed and work is expected to be finished in the not too distant future. While it is hoped that Magnus Cathedral will be accepted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the prospect is not very certain.

## Gallery

Pictures of the ruins of Magnus Cathedral were featured on a series of Faroese stamps in 1988:
* FR 169: The Cathedral. Note the detail of ewe and lamb in the foreground
* FR 170: Detail of a gothic arch
* FR 171: The crucifixion on an indoor wall
* FR 172: Inside the ruins
# Commercial Album

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Pitchfork | 7/10 |
Commercial Album is the seventh studio album released by art rock group the Residents in 1980. It is commonly considered a follow-up to their 1978 album Duck Stab/Buster & Glen, in that it retains the former album's pop-oriented song structures. The album contains 40 songs, each lasting exactly one minute - a deliberate allusion to Top 40 mainstream radio. The album's liner notes state that, to form a complete pop song, tracks from the album should be played three times in a row.
The album features a number of guest musicians, notably drummer Chris Cutler and guitarist Fred Frith of the recently disbanded Henry Cow. The credits mention Frith as an "Extra-Hard Working Guest Musician." Frith told author Cole Gagne that he recorded parts for around 25 tracks and was later told by a band member that he appeared on at least 15 of the released cuts, but that he could only identify himself on three tracks where he played bass. Other guests are credited under pseudonyms, such as Andy Partridge of XTC (as "Sandy Sandwich") and Lene Lovich (as "Mud's Sis"); Brian Eno and David Byrne appear on the album uncredited.
As a promotional stunt, the Residents purchased 40 one-minute advertising slots on San Francisco's most popular Top 40 radio station at the time, KFRC, such that the station played each track on the album over the course of three days. This prompted an editorial in Billboard magazine questioning whether the act was art or advertising.

## Track listing

All tracks last exactly one minute, but with a three-second pause between songs making each last around 1:03. On the original LP, "Die in Terror" is incorrectly printed as track 14, between "The Nameless Souls" and "Love Leaks Out".
All tracks are written by The Residents.

### 1988 CD bonus tracks

* Tracks 41 and 42 are outtakes from the album, released separately as the Commercial Single.
* Track 44 was recorded for the 1980 Morgan Fisher project Miniatures.
* Tracks 45–48 were previously released on the 1983 compilation Residue.
* Track 49 was previously released as a single in 1984.
* Track 50 was previously released as a single in 1987.

### 2019 pREServed edition bonus tracks

After a small bit of silence, an unlisted track plays, a "concentrate" mix of the advertisements that were aired in promotion of the album on KFRC.

## Personnel

* Guest musicians:
** Fred Frith: guitar on "Japanese Watercolor", "Moisture", and "The Coming of the Crow", bass
* Special Appearances
** Chris Cutler – drums on "Love Leaks Out", "Moisture", and "The Coming of the Crow"
** Don Jackovich – drums on "Love Leaks Out"
** Sandy Sandwich (Andy Partridge) – vocals and guitar on "Margaret Freeman"
** Mud's Sis (Lene Lovich) – special appearance
** Snakefinger – "special appearance" on "Moisture", vocals on "Ups and Downs"
* Secret Special Appearances
** Nessie Lessons – vocals on "Amber"
** Brian Eno – synthesizer on "The Coming of the Crow"
** David Byrne – backing vocals on "Suburban Bathers"
* Cover design and art direction by Pore Know Graphics
# Paulo Victor Gomes

Paulo Victor Rodrigues Gomes (born 1 July 1988), known as Paulo Victor Gomes, Paulo Victor or just PV, is a Brazilian football coach. He is the current assistant coach of Liga MX side Club América.

## Career

Born in Barra Bonita, São Paulo, Paulo Victor opted to retire at the age of 18, when he was playing for the under-20 side of XV de Jaú. He began his managerial career in a school in his hometown, before joining Novorizontino in 2013, to work in the club's youth categories.
In 2015, Paulo Victor moved to Palmeiras, being in charge of the under-16 side for six months before taking over the under-15s. On 4 August 2017, he was named manager of the Brazil national under-15 team.
On 4 September 2020, Paulo Victor was appointed in charge of the Brazil national under-17 team, and was also an assistant of André Jardine in the Olympic team during the 2020 Summer Olympics. On 20 October 2021, he returned to Palmeiras after being named manager of the under-20s.
In December 2021, after Abel Ferreira and the first team were on vacation, Paulo Victor was named in charge of the main squad for the last two matches of the 2021 Série A. He achieved one draw against Athletico Paranaense, and one win over Ceará, before returning to his previous role.
Back to the under-20s for the 2022 season, Paulo Victor led the side to their first-ever Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior title. After also winning the Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20 and the Copa do Brasil Sub-20 later in the year, he again won the Copinha in 2023.
On 17 June 2023, Paulo Victor accepted the invitation to become Jardine's assistant at Liga MX side Club América, ending his time in the youth team at Palmeiras.

## Honours

Brazil U15
* South American U-15 Championship: 2019
Palmeiras U20
* Campeonato Paulista Sub-20 [pt]: 2021
* Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior: 2022, 2023
* Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20: 2022
* Copa do Brasil Sub-20: 2022
# The Last Furlong

The Last Furlong is a short-lived Irish comedy-drama television series which was aired on RTÉ from 14 November to 19 December 2005. Originally created by Simon Delaney and co-written with director Kieran Carney, the series dealt with Diogo Bernardo Furlong (Simon Delaney), a Portuguese cabaret singer and songwriter, who travels to Ireland to scatter his mother's ashes over the grave of his Irish father.

## Plot

The show centered on a Portuguese man seeking clues regarding his parent. After the death of his mother, Diogo Bernardo Furlong visits Ireland to scatter his mother's ashes on the grave of his father. His father had died some years before in a boating accident on Lough Allen, and he was raised by his mother in Alentejo, Portugal. His only clue to his father's grave is a postcard that his mother gave to him with a picture of a church.
Leaving behind his fiancée Claudia, he arrives in Dublin and is met by an acquaintance and music promoter David Daly (Garrett Keogh). Promising to help Diogo find his father's grave, Daly persuades Diogo to take a musical tour of Ireland with him and his daughter Margaret (Orla Fitzgerald), an aspiring filmmaker who reluctantly agrees to manage Diogo. A backup band is hired and, joined by Margaret's boyfriend John Ford (Simon Keogh) and his friend Sean Flanagan (Domhnall Gleeson), Diogo and The Fandango's begin a tour of Ireland's graveyards and other lesser-known legendary venues, including Ballymore Eustace, Roscommon, Strokestown, Ballaghaderreen, Ballagh and Westport.

## Reception

Although Delaney had come off a successful run on the sitcom Bachelors Walk, the series received poor reviews from critics. Delaney's general acting and musical performance were particularly criticized. His portrayal of Diogo, a character he used to perform between takes during Bachelors Walk "just to keep the crew amused", was seen by critics as too similar to his character on Bachelors Walk and in other film and television appearances.