# October 2

* October 2 in recent years
* 2024 (Wednesday)
* 2023 (Monday)
* 2022 (Sunday)
* 2021 (Saturday)
* 2020 (Friday)
* 2019 (Wednesday)
* 2018 (Tuesday)
* 2017 (Monday)
* 2016 (Sunday)
* 2015 (Friday)
October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 90 days remain until the end of the year.

## Events
### Pre-1600

* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes.
* 1263 – The Battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots.
* 1470 – The Earl of Warwick's rebellion forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne.
* 1552 – Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops enter Kazan.

### 1601–1900

* 1766 - The Nottingham Cheese Riot breaks out at the Goose Fair in Nottingham, UK, in response to the excessive cost of cheese.
* 1780 – American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.
* 1789 – The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification.
* 1835 – Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
* 1864 – American Civil War: Confederates defeat a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues.
* 1870 – By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept annexation by the Kingdom of Italy.

### 1901–present

* 1919 – Seven days after suffering a "physical collapse" following a speech in Pueblo, Colorado, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson has a catastrophic stroke at the White House, leaving him physically and mentally incapacitated for the remainder of his presidency.
* 1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence: Mikhail Frunze orders the Red Army to immediately cease hostilities with the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
* 1928 – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded.
* 1937 – Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the border region of the Dominican Republic.
* 1942 – World War II: Ocean Liner RMS Queen Mary accidentally rams and sinks HMS Curacoa, killing over 300 crewmen aboard Curacoa.
* 1944 – World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
* 1958 – Guinea declares its independence from France.
* 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.
* 1968 – Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz orders soldiers to suppress a demonstration of unarmed students, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics.
* 1970 – An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people.
* 1971 – South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu is re-elected in a one-man election.
* 1971 – British European Airways Flight 706 crashes near Aarsele, Belgium, killing 63.
* 1980 – Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War.
* 1990 – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 132.
* 1992 – Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting massacre leaves 111 prisoners dead.
* 1996 – Aeroperú Flight 603 crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board.
* 1996 – The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
* 2002 – The Beltway sniper attacks begin in Washington, D.C., extending over three weeks and killing 10 people.
* 2004 – The first parkrun, then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in Bushy Park, London, UK.
* 2006 – Five Amish girls are murdered in a shooting at a school in Pennsylvania, United States.
* 2007 – President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea goes to North Korea for an Inter-Korean summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.
* 2016 – Ethiopian protests break out during a festival in the Oromia region, killing dozens of people.
* 2018 – The Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi is assassinated in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey.
* 2019 – A privately-owned Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress conducting a living history exhibition flight crashes shortly after takeoff from Windsor Locks, Connecticut, killing seven.

## Births
### Pre-1600

* 1452 – Richard III of England (d. 1485)
* 1470 – Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1498)
* 1527 – William Drury, English politician (d. 1579)
* 1538 – Charles Borromeo, Italian cardinal and saint (d. 1584)

### 1601–1900

* 1718 – Elizabeth Montagu, English author and critic (d. 1800)
* 1768 – William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, English general and politician (d. 1854)
* 1798 – Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (1831–49) (d. 1849)
* 1800 – Nat Turner, American slave and uprising leader (d. 1831)
* 1815 – James Agnew, Irish-Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (d. 1901)
* 1821 – Alexander P. Stewart, American general (d. 1908)
* 1828 – Charles Floquet, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1896)
* 1832 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (d. 1917)
* 1847 – Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany (d. 1934)
* 1851 – Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal (d. 1929)
* 1852 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
* 1854 – Patrick Geddes, Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and philanthropist (d. 1932)
* 1866 – Swami Abhedananda, Indian mystic and philosopher (d. 1939)
* 1869 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian freedom fighter, activist and philosopher (d. 1948)
* 1871 – Cordell Hull, American politician, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
* 1871 – Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author (d. 1959)
* 1873 – Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American lawyer and politician (d. 1924)
* 1873 – Pelham Warner, English cricketer and manager (d. 1963)
* 1875 – Pattie Ruffner Jacobs, American suffragist (d. 1935)
* 1879 – Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955)
* 1882 – Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian colonel (d. 1945)
* 1883 – Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian geologist and engineer (d. 1963)
* 1890 – Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1977)
* 1893 – Leroy Shield, American composer and conductor (d. 1962)
* 1895 – Ruth Cheney Streeter, American colonel (d. 1990)
* 1900 – Leela Roy Nag, Indian freedom fighter, social reformer and politician (d. 1970)

### 1901–present

* 1902 – Leopold Figl, Austrian politician, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1965)
* 1904 – Graham Greene, English novelist, playwright, and critic (d. 1991)
* 1904 – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian and politician, Prime Minister of India (d. 1966)
* 1905 – Franjo Šeper, Croatian cardinal (d. 1981)
* 1906 – Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (d. 1971)
* 1907 – Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Bolivian politician, President of Bolivia (d. 2001)
* 1907 – Alexander R. Todd, Scottish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
* 1909 – Alex Raymond, American cartoonist, creator of Flash Gordon (d. 1956)
* 1912 – Frank Malina, American engineer and painter (d. 1981)
* 1914 – Jack Parsons, American chemist, occultist, and engineer (d. 1952)
* 1914 – Bernarr Rainbow, English organist, conductor, and historian (d. 1998)
* 1915 – Chuck Williams, American author and businessman, founded Williams Sonoma (d. 2015)
* 1917 – Christian de Duve, Belgian cytologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
* 1917 – Charles Drake, American actor (d. 1994)
* 1919 – John W. Duarte, English guitarist and composer (d. 2004)
* 1921 – Edmund Crispin, English writer and composer (d. 1978)
* 1921 – Albert Scott Crossfield, American pilot and engineer (d. 2006)
* 1921 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (d. 2000)
* 1925 – Wren Blair, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2013)
* 1926 – Jan Morris, Welsh historian and author (d. 2020)
* 1928 – George McFarland, American actor (d. 1993)
* 1928 – Wolfhart Pannenberg, Polish-German theologian and academic (d. 2014)
* 1929 – Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (d. 1996)
* 1929 – Moses Gunn, American actor (d. 1993)
* 1930 – Dave Barrett, Canadian social worker and politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia (d. 2018)
* 1932 – Maury Wills, American baseball player and manager (d. 2022)
* 1933 – John Gurdon, English biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
* 1933 – Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (d. 2015)
* 1934 – Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote, English lawyer and judge
* 1934 – Earl Wilson, American baseball player (d. 2005)
* 1935 – Omar Sívori, Italian-Argentine footballer and manager (d. 2005)
* 1936 – Dick Barnett, American basketball player
* 1936 – Connie Dierking, American basketball player (d. 2013)
* 1937 – Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (d. 2005)
* 1938 – Nick Gravenites, American singer-songwriter (d. 2024)
* 1938 – Waheed Murad, Pakistani actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1983)
* 1938 – Rex Reed, American film critic
* 1939 – Budhi Kunderan, Indian cricketer (d. 2006)
* 1941 – Diana Hendry, English poet and author
* 1941 – Ron Meagher, American rock bass player
* 1942 – Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films (d. 2012)
* 1943 – Anna Ford, English journalist
* 1943 – Henri Szeps, Australian actor
* 1944 – Vernor Vinge, American author (d. 2024)
* 1945 – Martin Hellman, American cryptographer and academic
* 1945 – Don McLean, American singer-songwriter
* 1946 – Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Thai general and politician
* 1947 – Ward Churchill, American author and activist
* 1948 – Trevor Brooking, English footballer and manager
* 1948 – Avery Brooks, American actor
* 1948 – Donna Karan, American fashion designer, founded DKNY
* 1948 – Siim Kallas, Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia
* 1948 – Persis Khambatta, Indian model and actress, (d. 1998)
* 1949 – Richard Hell, American singer-songwriter and bass player
* 1949 – Annie Leibovitz, American photographer
* 1950 – Mike Rutherford, English guitarist
* 1951 – Sting, English singer-songwriter and actor
* 1952 – Janusz Olejniczak, Polish classical pianist and actor (d. 2024)
* 1952 – Robin Riker, American actress
* 1953 – Vanessa Bell Armstrong, American singer
* 1953 – Tom Boswell, American basketball player
* 1954 – Lorraine Bracco, American actress
* 1955 – Philip Oakey, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
* 1956 – Freddie Jackson, American soul singer
* 1957 – John Cook, American golfer
* 1957 – Wade Dooley, English rugby player
* 1958 – Robbie Nevil, American singer-songwriter
* 1960 – Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1960 – Django Bates, English musician and composer
* 1960 – Joe Sacco, Maltese-American journalist and cartoonist
* 1960 – Dereck Whittenburg, American basketball player and coach
* 1962 – Mark Rypien, Canadian-American football player
* 1963 – Keith Bradshaw, Australian cricketer
* 1963 – Maria Ressa, Filipino-American journalist
* 1964 – Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player
* 1965 – Darren Cahill, Australian tennis player
* 1965 – Tom Moody, Australian cricketer
* 1965 – Ferhan and Ferzan Önder, Turkish-Austrian pianists
* 1966 – Yokozuna, American wrestler (d. 2000)
* 1967 – Frankie Fredericks, Namibian sprinter
* 1967 – Thomas Muster, Austrian tennis player
* 1967 – Gillian Welch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1968 – Jana Novotná, Czech tennis player and sportscaster (d. 2017)
* 1968 – Joey Slotnick, American actor
* 1968 – Glen Wesley, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1968 – Kelly Willis, American country music singer-songwriter
* 1969 – Badly Drawn Boy, English musician
* 1970 – Eddie Guardado, American baseball player
* 1970 – Patricia O'Callaghan, Canadian soprano
* 1970 – Kelly Ripa, American actress and talk show host
* 1970 – Maribel Verdú, Spanish actress
* 1971 – Tiffany Darwish, American singer-songwriter
* 1971 – Jim Root, American guitarist and songwriter
* 1971 – Chris Savino, American comic book artist, writer, animator and creator of The Loud House
* 1972 – Aaron McKie, American basketball player
* 1973 – Melissa Harris-Perry, American journalist, author, and educator
* 1973 – Lene Nystrøm, Norwegian singer, songwriter, and musician
* 1973 – Efren Ramirez, American actor
* 1973 – Scott Schoeneweis, American baseball player
* 1974 – Bjarke Ingels, Danish architect
* 1974 – Brian Knight, American baseball player
* 1974 – Matthew Nicholson, Australian cricketer
* 1974 – Sam Roberts, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician
* 1974 – Paul Teutul Jr., American motorcycle designer, co-founded Orange County Choppers
* 1976 – Mark Chilton, English cricketer
* 1977 – Didier Défago, Swiss skier
* 1978 – Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer, songwriter, actress
* 1979 – Primož Brezec, Slovenian basketball player
* 1981 – Santi Kolk, Dutch footballer
* 1981 – Luke Wilkshire, Australian footballer
* 1982 – Tyson Chandler, American basketball player
* 1982 – Esra Gümüş, Turkish volleyball player
* 1984 – Marion Bartoli, French tennis player
* 1985 – Çağlar Birinci, Turkish footballer
* 1985 – Brandon Jackson, American football player
* 1986 – Camilla Belle, American actress
* 1987 – Bojana Bobusic, Australian tennis player
* 1987 – Joe Ingles, Australian basketball player
* 1987 – Phil Kessel, American ice hockey player
* 1987 – Christopher Larkin, South Korean-American actor
* 1987 – Joel Reinders, American football player
* 1987 – Ricky Stenhouse Jr., American race car driver
* 1988 – Kirara Asuka, Japanese model and adult video actress
* 1988 – Brittany Howard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1989 – Frederik Andersen, Danish ice hockey player
* 1989 – Josh Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1989 – Aaron Hicks, American baseball player
* 1989 – George Nash, English rower
* 1990 – Samantha Barks, Manx actress and singer
* 1991 – Roberto Firmino, Brazilian footballer
* 1992 – Alisson Becker, Brazilian footballer
* 1992 – Shane Larkin, American-Turkish basketball player
* 1992 – Nicol Ruprecht, Austrian rhythmic gymnast
* 1993 – Lance McCullers Jr., American baseball player
* 1993 – Elizabeth McLaughlin, American actress
* 1994 – Joana Eidukonytė, Lithuanian tennis player
* 1995 – Tepai Moeroa, Cook Islands rugby league player
* 1996 – Tom Trbojevic, Australian rugby league player
* 1997 – Rubi Rose, American rapper
* 2000 – Quadeca, American singer-songwriter and YouTuber
* 2002 – Jacob Sartorius, American social media personality and singer
* 2005 – Sam Konstas, Australian cricketer

## Deaths
### Pre-1600

* 534 – Athalaric, king of the Ostrogoths in Italy
* 829 – Michael II, Byzantine emperor
* 939 – Eberhard of Franconia
* 939 – Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine
* 1264 – Pope Urban IV
* 1559 – Jacquet of Mantua, French-Italian composer (b. 1483)

### 1601–1900

* 1626 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (b. 1567)
* 1629 – Antonio Cifra, Italian composer (b. 1584)
* 1629 – Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and theologian (b. 1575)
* 1674 – George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen, officer in the Dutch Army (b. 1606)
* 1678 – Wu Sangui, Qing Chinese general (b. 1612)
* 1708 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
* 1709 – Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian diplomat (b. 1639)
* 1724 – François-Timoléon de Choisy, French historian and author (b. 1644)
* 1746 – Josiah Burchett, English admiral and politician (b. 1666)
* 1764 – William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1720)
* 1780 – John André, English soldier (b. 1750)
* 1782 – Charles Lee, English-born American general (b. 1732)
* 1786 – Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, English admiral and politician (b. 1725)
* 1803 – Samuel Adams, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1722)
* 1804 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, French engineer (b. 1725)
* 1847 – Vasil Aprilov, Bulgarian educator, merchant and writer (b. 1789)
* 1850 – Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
* 1853 – François Arago, French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and politician (b. 1786)

### 1901–present

* 1920 – Max Bruch, German composer and conductor (b. 1838)
* 1927 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
* 1938 – Alexandru Averescu, Romanian military leader and politician, 24th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1859)
* 1943 – John Evans, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Tasmania (b. 1855)
* 1953 – John Marin, American painter (b. 1870)
* 1953 – Émilie Busquant, French anarcho-syndicalist, sewed the first Flag of Algeria (b. 1901)
* 1955 – William R. Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1881)
* 1968 – Marcel Duchamp, French painter and sculptor (b. 1887)
* 1971 – Jessie Arms Botke, American painter (b. 1883)
* 1973 – Paul Hartman, American actor and dancer (b. 1904)
* 1973 – Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)
* 1974 – Vasily Shukshin, Russian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1929)
* 1975 – K. Kamaraj, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1903)
* 1981 – Harry Golden, American journalist and author (b. 1902)
* 1981 – Hazel Scott, Trinidadian-American activist, actress, and musician (b. 1920)
* 1985 – Rock Hudson, American actor (b. 1925)
* 1987 – Madeleine Carroll, English actress (b. 1906)
* 1987 – Peter Medawar, Brazilian-English biologist and zoologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
* 1988 – Alec Issigonis, English car designer, designed the Mini (b. 1906)
* 1988 – Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1912)
* 1991 – Hazen Argue, Canadian politician (b. 1921)
* 1991 – Demetrios I of Constantinople (b. 1914)
* 1996 – Robert Bourassa, Canadian lawyer and politician, Premier of Quebec (b. 1933)
* 1996 – Andrey Lukanov, Bulgarian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1938)
* 1998 – Gene Autry, American actor, singer, and guitarist (b. 1907)
* 1999 – Heinz G. Konsalik, German journalist and author (b. 1921)
* 2000 – David Tonkin, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (b. 1929)
* 2001 – Franz Biebl, German composer and academic (b. 1906)
* 2002 – Heinz von Foerster, Austrian-American physicist and philosopher (b. 1911)
* 2003 – John Thomas Dunlop, American scholar and politician, United States Secretary of Labor (b. 1914)
* 2005 – Nipsey Russell, American comedian and actor (b. 1918)
* 2005 – August Wilson, American author and playwright (b. 1945)
* 2006 – Helen Chenoweth-Hage, American politician (b. 1938)
* 2006 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-American mathematician (b. 1916)
* 2007 – Tex Coulter, American football player (b. 1924)
* 2007 – George Grizzard, American actor (b. 1928)
* 2007 – Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (b. 1902)
* 2010 – Kwa Geok Choo, Singaporean lawyer and scholar (b. 1920)
* 2012 – Nguyễn Chí Thiện, Vietnamese-American poet and activist (b. 1939)
* 2012 – Charles Roach, Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer and activist (b. 1933)
* 2012 – J. Philippe Rushton, English-Canadian psychologist, theorist, academic (b. 1943)
* 2013 – Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (b. 1918)
* 2014 – Robert Flower, Australian footballer (b. 1955)
* 2015 – Brian Friel, Irish author, playwright, and director (b. 1929)
* 2015 – Coleridge Goode, Jamaican-English bassist and composer (b. 1914)
* 2015 – Johnny Paton, Scottish footballer and coach (b. 1923)
* 2016 – Neville Marriner, British conductor (b. 1924)
* 2017 – Tom Petty, American musician (b. 1950)
* 2018 – Jamal Khashoggi, Saudi journalist (b. 1958)
* 2020 – Anne-Marie Hutchinson, British lawyer (b. 1957)
* 2021 – Jack Biondolillo, American bowler (b. 1940)
* 2022 – Sacheen Littlefeather, American actress, model and activist for Native American civil rights (b. 1946)
* 2023 – Francis Lee, English footballer (b. 1944)
* 2024 – Susie Berning, American professional golfer (b. 1941)
* 2024 – Marissa Haque, Indonesian politician (b. 1962)

## Holidays and observances

* Batik Day (Indonesia)
* Christian feast day:
** Denha I of Tikrit (Syriac Orthodox Church)
** Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels
** Leodegar
** October 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* Gandhi's birthday-related observances:
** Gandhi Jayanti (India)
** International Day of Non-Violence
* Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Guinea from France in 1958
* National Grandparents Day (Italy)