OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tricks of the Shade

Tricks of the Shade is the debut album by American hip hop group the Goats, released in 1992 though Columbia Records sub-label Ruffhouse Records. It was produced by OaTie Kato and Joe "The Butcher" Nicolo. The artwork was done by Oatie's brother and former Goats member Vinnie Angel.
Two singles were released from the album, "¿Do The Digs Dug?" and "Typical American", the latter of which appeared on Ruffhouse Records' final release in 1999, the greatest hits compilation Ruffhouse Records Greatest Hits. "¿Do the Digs Dug?" was included on the 1992 Columbia Records Zebrahead soundtrack.

## Content

Although largely touted as a theme album with a backstory following the two characters Chicken Little and Hangerhead as they make their way through Uncle Scam’s Federally Funded Welfare & Freakshow to find their mother who was jailed for attempting an illegal abortion, Tricks of the Shade features politically charged lyrics. It takes aim at such figures as then-US President George H. W. Bush, Christopher Columbus, and Daryl Gates. Criticism and observations were made upon topics such as militarism, police brutality, patriotism, classism, and racism. Other persons mentioned in songs include Nelson Mandela, Willie Horton, Yusef Hawkins, Minnesota Fats and Leonard Peltier.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Robert Christgau | A |
| Rolling Stone | |
Tricks of the Shade earned some critical acclaim, including 4 of 5 stars in its review by Rolling Stone, and an A from Robert Christgau. The Chicago Tribune opined that "the bulk of the collection features some hard-hitting music, freshened by the presence of five distinct rap voices."
In 2016, NME named it the 12th best album of 1993.

## Track listing

* "We Got Freaks" – 1:00
* "Typical American" – 4:36
* "Hangerhead Is Born" – 1:24
* "Whatcha Got Is Whatcha Gettin'" – 4:13
* "Columbus' Boat Ride" – 1:17
* "Ru Down wit da Goats" – 4:21
* "Cumin' in Ya Ear" – 3:51
* "Noriega's Coke Stand" – 1:30
* "Got Kinda Hi" – 3:23
* "Unodostresquattro" – 1:21
* "Georgie Bush Kids" – 1:17
* "Wrong Pot 2 Piss In" – 3:42
* "Hip-Hopola" – 4:42
* "Leonard Peltier in a Cage" – 1:24
* "¿Do the Digs Dug?" – 4:31
* "Carnival Cops" – 1:46
* "TV Cops" – 4:23
* "Tattooed Lady" – 1:36
* "Tricks of the Shade" – 4:19
* "Not Not Bad" – 3:29
* "Rovie Wade, the Sword Swallower" – 1:09
* "Aaah D Yaaa" – 3:26
* "Drive-By Bumper Cars" – 1:48
* "Burn the Flag" – 3:53
* "Uncle Scam's Shooting Gallery" – 2:46
# Martin Laurello

Martin Joe Laurello (born Martin Emmerling, 1885–1955), also known by the stage names Human Owl and Bobby the Boy with the Revolving Head, was a German-American sideshow performer and biological rarity who could turn his head 180 degrees to the rear. He performed with groups such as Ripley's Believe it or Not, Ringling Brothers, and Barnum & Bailey.

## Early life and career

Laurello was born Martin Emmerling in Germany circa 1886. In 1921, together with a handful of other people with biological rarities from Europe, Laurello arrived in the United States. Laurello could turn his head 120 degrees. In the words of fellow sideshow performer Percilla Berjano, known as the "Monkey Girl", "[Laurello] could put his head all the way around". To accomplish this feat, he reportedly practised rotating his head for three years and also had to "dislocate various vertebrae". Being born with a slightly bent spine might have also aided Laurello in pulling off his act of flexibility.
For a period of time, Laurello was billed at the Bailey Circus as "Bobby the Boy with the Revolving Head". Laurello also worked at the New York City-based Hubert's Museum, mostly during the winter, as well as Ringling Brothers and Coney Island. During his stint at the Ripley's Believe It or Not! Odditoriums in the 1930s, Laurello managed to attract massive crowds. When performing, Laurello preferred to don a white shirt. He also trained dogs and cats to do acrobatic tricks.

## Personal life

He was in two different marriages; his first one being Laura [Prechtl] Emmerling (born 1885), and they had one son, named Alexander Emmerling (1905–1960). After their divorce, he then met and married a woman named Emilie [Wittl] Emmerling (1895–1977), and they had two sons together: Albert (1922–1945) and Walter Emmerling (1926–1983).
Berjano described Laurello as "perhaps a Nazi" who "didn't like the American flag". On 30 April 1931, Laurello was arrested by Baltimore police during a tent-packed performance for abandoning his spouse and two sons, after she lodged a complaint via telegram. He was reportedly found standing on a platform with his back and face looking towards the crowd, and when the two officers confronted him, he turned his head around and winked at them both, then was placed under arrest.
# Torquay Round

The Torquay Round was a multi-year multilateral trade negotiation (MTN) between nation-states that were parties to the GATT. This third round occurred in Torquay, England in 1951. Thirty-eight countries took part in the round. 8,700 tariff concessions were made totalling the remaining amount of tariffs to ¾ of the tariffs which were in effect in 1948. The contemporaneous rejection by the U.S. of the Havana Charter signified the establishment of the GATT as a governing world body.
# The Lizardman (performer)

Erik Sprague (born June 12, 1972), known professionally as the Lizardman, is an American freak show and sideshow performer. He is best known for his body modification, including his sharpened teeth, full-body tattoo of green scales, bifurcated tongue, subdermal implants and green-inked lips.

## Early life

Sprague was born in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, and was a Ph.D. candidate at the University at Albany before beginning his transformation. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy from Hartwick College in Oneonta, New York.

## Career

As a professional freak, Sprague became famous for his heavy body modifications, including tongue bifurcation and tattooing. He regularly performs many classic sideshow acts such as the human blockhead, fire eating and breathing, gavage, sword swallowing, the bed of nails, the Human Dartboard, the cranial corkscrew, and the insectivore.
Sprague participates in many public and private flesh hook suspension groups and events, and is highly involved in the body modification community. He also writes articles on the Body Modification E-zine. His rock band, LIZARD SKYNYRD, released an album in late 2010 and performed in many tours around the world.
Sprague gained the official Guinness World Record for 'heaviest weight lifted and spun with pierced ears' on the set of Lo Show dei Record in Milan, Italy on 19 Jun 2014. He also regularly performs with other sideshow celebrities and world record holders such as The Space Cowboy.
He is featured in many of the Ripley's Believe It Or Not books and TV shows. As part of his work with the company, there is a life size statue of him in many of the company's museums.
Sprague has toured with The Jim Rose Circus and hosted the Jägermeister Music Tour, with bands including Disturbed, Slayer, and Slipknot.

## Personal life

Sprague resides in Austin, Texas, with his wife Meghan and their pet ferrets.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | Modify | Himself | Documentary about body modification |
| 2007 | Boxboarders! | Himself | |
| 2008 | Sideshow Still Alive | Himself | |
| 2017 | Song to Song | Travel Agent | Credited as Erik Sprague |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2000 | Ripley's Believe It Or Not! | Himself | Appeared in S1 Ep2 |
| 2004 | Taboo | Himself | TV series documentary |
| 2008 | Weird, True & Freaky | Himself | One episode |
| 2010 | 50 Greatest Plastic Surgery Shockers | Himself | TV movie documentary |
# Khiprianwala Island

Khiprianwala Island (Urdu: جزیرہ خپریانوالہ; Sindhi: ڪپريانوالا ٻيٽ) is an island located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
The island lies south of Korangi and Ibrahim Hyderi, bordering Bundal and Buddo Islands at the fringes of the Indus River Delta. Khiprianwala exhibits sparse mangrove vegetation, predominantly Avicennia marina, alongside mud banks and swamps typical of the tropical coastal ecosystem.
Efforts are being made to protect the island as its natural environment is increasingly disturbed and exploited.
# HNoMS Uredd (P41)

HMS P41 was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrong. She was transferred to the exiled Royal Norwegian Navy before completion and renamed HNoMS Uredd. She and one of the B-class in 1940 have so far been the only Norwegian submarines to have been sunk.

## Service history

Ordered on 11 March 1940, the submarine was laid down at the Vickers-Armstrongs shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness on 15 October 1940, and launched on 24 August 1941.
She was transferred to Norwegian command on 7 December 1941. She served mostly as a patrol craft off the coast of Nazi-occupied Norway, eventually completing a total of seven successful missions for the Royal Norwegian Navy, sinking several German ships.
In February 1943 she was assigned, under the command of Rolf Q. Røren, to drop off six Kompani Linge soldiers at Bodø as part of Operation Seagull - and then proceed to the island of Senja to pick up two French submariners who had been left behind by the Junon.
Contact with Uredd was lost and she was believed to have been sunk in a German minefield on 10 February. The Royal Norwegian Navy officially declared her lost on 20 February 1943, the Royal Navy on 28 February.
In 1985, HNoMS Tana discovered the wreckage of the Uredd southwest of Fugløyvær and confirmed that she had hit a German minefield laid by the German minelayer Cobra - killing the crew of 34 and six soldiers. The following year, King Olav V unveiled a memorial to those lost aboard the Uredd, located in Grensen. The wreck is officially a war grave.
As HNoMS Uredd was operating with the Royal Navy's 9th Submarine Flotilla based at Dundee in Scotland, her crew are all commemorated on Dundee International Submarine Memorial.
# 2020 in Guam

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from 2020 in Guam.

## Incumbents

* Governor: Lou Leon Guerrero
* Lieutenant Governor: Josh Tenorio

## Events

Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Guam
* February 7 – The Government denied the entry request by the cruise ship MS Westerdam, which had potentially infected passengers.
# 2020 in the Northern Mariana Islands

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from 2020 in the Northern Mariana Islands.

## Incumbents

* Governor: Ralph Torres
* Lieutenant Governor: Arnold Palacios

## Events

Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands
* 28 March – The islands confirmed their first two COVID-19 cases.
# Stoke Abbott

Stoke Abbott is a village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Beaminster. In 2013 the estimated population of the parish was 190.
The author Ralph Wightman, agriculturist, broadcaster, and native of Dorset, described the village as "a beautiful place of deep lanes, orchards and old houses, with a church of quiet charm", and, in a similar vein, Sir Frederick Treves in 1906 considered it "as pretty a village as any in Dorset".
On Waddon Hill to the northwest of the village are the remains of earthworks of an Iron Age settlement, consisting of a low bank 9 metres (30 ft) wide and traces of a ditch, replaced in AD 50 to AD60 by a short lived Roman Fort, though historic quarrying around the hill has destroyed much of the fort. Mid-1st-century Roman and Romano-British military artefacts were found on the hill's southern slopes in 1876–1878, and in Graham Webster's 1960's excavations. Roman artefacts fron Chartknolle, a flat area further east, are on display in the village hall, along with a replica of a gold durotrigian stater. In the Domesday Book in 1086 the village was recorded as Stoche and had 32 households.
The parish church of St Mary the Virgin has Norman origins but has been altered and added to over the centuries. The 12th-century font is notable. The poet William Crowe was rector here between 1782 and 1786; at the end of his incumbency he published his most well known piece, Lewesdon Hill, about the hill to the west of the village. The Very Rev Hedley Robert Burrows (1887–1983), who later became Archdeacon of Winchester and then Dean of Hereford, was incumbent at Stoke Abbott for a time.

## Politics

In the UK national parliament, Stoke Abbott is within the West Dorset parliamentary constituency.
After 2019 structural changes to local government in England, Stoke Abbott is part of the Marshwood Vale ward which elects 1 member to Dorset Council.
# Betty Gannett

Betty Gannett (1906-March 4, 1970) was an American Marxist theoretician and editor.

## Biography

She was born as Rebecca (Rifke) Yaroshefsky, in Radziwillow, Poland. She immigrated to the United States with her family in August 1914. When she was 18, she became a member of the Young Communist League. By 1928, she was working as a district organizer for the Communist Party in Cleveland. She was arrested for the first time in 1930 and sentenced under Ohio's criminal syndicalism law, for distributing Communist literature. Her prison sentence was later overturned on appeal. She was supportive of Jacques Duclos' criticisms of the American Communist Party, saying in 1945 that they "should be grateful to him".
After the first arrests of Communist leaders under the Smith Act, Gannett and Pettis Perry were placed in charge of policy decisions for the Party. Gannett and Perry launched a campaign within the Party in 1949 to eliminate white chauvinism, a decision described by Dorothy Healey as "one of the most catastrophically stupid things we ever did".
At the Fifteenth National Convention of the Communist Party, in 1951, Gannett presented a report on "Ideological Tasks" for Party members, instructing the delegates to defend the "profound and pervasive democracy" in the Soviet Union against charges of dictatorship. Gannett was arrested on the morning of June 20, 1951, along with seventeen other Communist leaders under the Smith Act. She and Claudia Jones were handcuffed together and taken to the Women's House of Detention. During her trial, Gannett told the court about her childhood in Harlem and her discovery of Marxist literature in the New York Public Library. After eight months, the trial culminated with Gannett and the other defendants found guilty of advocating for the overthrow of the government. She was fined $6000 and sentenced to three years in prison. She left prison after two years, but the government unsuccessfully attempted to require her to stay within 50 miles of Times Square after her release.
In April 1953, after Stalin's death, she published a tribute to him in Political Affairs, describing him as "the beloved leader of working humanity". Despite her position in the Party, she was not elected to its National Committee at the 1957 Communist Party National Convention. She became the editor of Political Affairs in 1966.
# Brachychiton sp. Ormeau

Brachychiton sp. Ormeau is a rare and endangered rainforest tree found in Queensland, Australia.

## Description

A species of tree belonging to the genus Brachychiton, it reaches up to 25 metres in height. The leaves are dropped during the dry season, a time of year the species favours for reproduction, and return as pale to coppery coloured new growth. The flowering period is during September, the profuse display of green to white bell-shaped flowers appearing at the terminus of the branches; the width of each flower is around 10 mm. Fruiting pods appear from January to February, these are 3 cm long, brown, and boat-shaped. During the later stages of growth the trunk begins to form an exaggerated bottle shape, and the leaves alter from a deeply lobed shape, divided from five to nine times, to a glossy and often elliptical leaf 12 to 20 cm long.
The tree is capable of attaining a great age, over 120 years being possible. Sexual maturity is reached after around twenty years.

## Distribution and range

The Ormeau bottle trees are noticeably restricted in range, extending over a range of only 6.5 km$^2$ and occurring in very low population densities. The largest stand, regarded as the most viable population, is reported to consist of 131 plants. Another two reproductive populations have been found in separate locations nearby but each contains fewer than ten trees; other individuals occur as non-seeding outliers within this total population of 161 trees.

## Conservation

The main population occurs within an 'environmental park', the Wongawallan Conservation Area in the rural suburb of Wongawallan, Queensland, where it is afforded some protection from threatening factors. The small groups outside this area are located on a lease for proposed quarries. The federal government has named this tree as one of thirty plant species to be given the highest priority for protection from extinction, and that its status be improved by the year 2020. The major threats identified are habitat loss, fire, insect and weed infestation and the low genetic diversity of those populations that remain.
# FC Tobol Tobolsk

FC Tobol Tobolsk (Russian: «Тобол» (Тобольск)) is a Russian football team from Tobolsk. Founded in 1999 instead of the dissolved football club "Irtysh".

## Football name history in Tobolsk

At different times of the major teams in the city were:
* 1939 – «Spartak» Tobolsk
* 1963 – «Dinamo» Tobolsk
* 1990 – «Stroitel» Tobolsk
* 1991 – «Avtomobilist» Tobolsk
* 1992 – «Poisk» Tobolsk
* 1993–1999 – «Irtysh» Tobolsk
* 2000–present – «Tobol» Tobolsk

## Team name history

* 2000–2004 – «Tobol» Tobolsk
* 2005–2008 – «Tobol-Neftekhim» Tobolsk
* 2009–present – «Tobol» Tobolsk
# 1628 in Sweden

Events from the year 1628 in Sweden

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Gustaf II Adolf

## Events

* August 4 – Thirty Years' War: With the help of Danish and Swedish reinforcements, Stralsund is able to resist Wallenstein's siege until the landing of a Danish army, led by Christian IV of Denmark, forces Wallenstein to raise the siege and move his army to confront the new threat.
* August 10 – The Swedish warship Vasa sank on its maiden voyage in Stockholm harbor on August 10, 1628, after capsizing due to a gust of wind, causing about 30 deaths among 150 on board. Nearly 400 years later, DNA testing revealed that a person initially thought to be male, named "Gustav," was actually female. This discovery, and others, provide insights into 17th-century Sweden, according to Vasa Museum director Fred Hocker. The Vasa was salvaged between 1958 and 1961 and is now displayed at the Vasa Museum. DNA studies in 2004 identified 15 adults and remains of at least two others. Further genetic testing will reveal more about the Vasa's crew.
* Foundation of the Lantmäteriet.
* The Livrustkammaren is founded.
* The King bans all pilgrimages to the visionary Margareta i Kumla.
* Christian Thum appointed director of the royal court theater.

## Births

* David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl, painter (died 1698)
* Märta Allertz, royal lover (died after 1677)
* Gustaf Düben, organist and composer (died 1690)

## Deaths

* Amalia von Hatzfeld, countess, governor of Raseborg (born 1560)
# Buick Wildcat EV

The Buick Wildcat EV Concept is an electric concept car that was presented by Buick in June 2022. It previews the first of the brand's range of electric vehicles.

## History

The Wildcat EV concept was introduced on June 2, 2022, alongside the Buick Electra-X Concept. It is noted for the redesigned corporate Trishield emblem, which ditches the ring and separates the shields from each other. The insides of the shields feature colored "swooshes", retaining the red, white, and blue color scheme of the old logo. It also appears that the new emblem can light up as well, similar to Lincoln's illuminated star emblem.
The Wildcat EV takes its name from the full-size car of the same name, which in turn was named after a series of 1950s Buick concept cars.
# 2008 in South Korea

Events in the year 2008 in South Korea.

## Incumbents

* President:
** Roh Moo-hyun (until February 25),
** Lee Myung-bak (starting February 25)
* Prime Minister:
** Han Myeong-sook (until 29 February),
** Han Seung-soo (starting 29 February)

## Events

* 2008 Grand National Party Convention bribery incident

### February

* 2008 Namdaemun fire broke out on February 10.

### March

* 2008 Asian Wrestling Championships were held in Jeju City from March 18 to 23.

### April

* 2008 Asian Judo Championships were held from April 26 to 27. South Korea had two gold medalists, six silver medalists, and 4 Bronze medalists.

### May

* 24: 2008 US beef protest in South Korea

### July

* 52nd Miss Korea 2008 was a beauty pageant. It was held on July 8, 2008 at Sejong Center.

### August

* South Korea competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in August. The country had participants that won a total of 31 medals.

### October

* South Korea participated in the 2008 Asian Beach Games, which took place from October 8 to 26.
* October 28: Nonhyeon-dong massacre

### November

* 15: 2008 Mnet Asian Music Awards

### December

* Nayoung Case
* The 23rd Golden Disk Awards were held December 10, 2008. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year.
* December 13: The first China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit is held in Fukuoka, Japan.
* December 25: The finalists of the Korean Astronaut Program are selected.

## Films

* List of 2008 box office number-one films in South Korea
* 29th Blue Dragon Film Awards
* 45th Grand Bell Awards

## Television

* 2008 MBC Drama Awards
* 2008 SBS Drama Awards
* 2008 KBS Drama Awards
* 2nd Korea Drama Awards

## Sport

* 2008 in South Korean football
# 1629 in Sweden

The Year 1629 in Sweden was marked by significant diplomatic developments, particularly the signing of the Truce of Altmark on September 26. This Agreement brought to an end to the Polish-Swedish War (1626-1629), a conflict rooted in a struggle for control over the Baltic Sea and its lucrative trade routes. Signed between Sweden, By King Gustavus Adolphus, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under King Sigismund III Vasa, the truce granted Sweden control over several strategic ports in the Duchy of Prussia. Such as Elbląg, Pillau, and Memel. This expanded Sweden’s influence over the Baltic trade, providing significant economic gains and solidifying its status as a major regional power. The cessation of hostilities also allowed Gustavus Adolphus to redirect his military efforts towards involvement in the Thirty Years’ War a move that would have lasting consequences for both Swedish and European politics.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Gustaf II Adolf

## Events

* 12 February – Battle of Górzno
* 25 September – Truce of Altmark

## Births

* August 18 – Agneta Horn, memoir writer (died 1672)
* 21 October – Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, (died 1689)
* Ebba Sparre, courtier (died 1662)

## Deaths

* 18 August - Vendela Skytte, writer, poet and Lady of Letters (born 1608)
# Jackie Hood

John O'Dorman 'Jackie' Hood (born 8 January 1938) is a Scottish retired footballer who played as a centre forward in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers. He had previously been contracted to Everton, and won the Liverpool Senior Cup with their reserve team in 1957.
He is the older brother of former Celtic forward Harry Hood.