OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael Wertheimer (psychologist)

Michael Matthew Wertheimer (March 20, 1927 – December 23, 2022) was a German-born American psychologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado Boulder. His research focused on cognition, psycholinguistics, and the history of psychology, among other areas.

## Early life and education

Wertheimer was born on March 20, 1927, in Berlin, Germany. He emigrated to the United States with his family in September 1933 and became a naturalized citizen of the United States in April 1939. He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1947 (where the Gestalt psychologist Wolfgang Köhler another German colleague of his father was teaching) with a BA in psychology with high honors. He received his MA from Johns Hopkins University in psychology in 1949 and his PhD in experimental psychology from Harvard University in 1952.

## Career

Wertheimer first became a professor of psychology at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1955, and he retained this title until his retirement in 1993. He was a member of the Condon Committee. He served as president of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology and the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association. His awards included American Psychological Foundation Distinguished Teaching Award in 1983, the APA Distinguished Career Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology Award in 1990, and the American Psychology Association's (APA) Award for Outstanding Contributions to Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology in 2009. He was inducted to PSI CHI International Honor Society for Psychology. He published numerous books and articles, concluding with his personal memoir, Facets of an Academic's Life (2020).

## Personal life

Wertheimer was the son of Max Wertheimer, one of the founders of Gestalt psychology. His mother, Anni (née Caro), came from a family of doctors, including her father and an uncle, Ludwig Pick. Wertheimer's parents divorced in 1942, when he was 15. Wertheimer married Nancy MacKaye in 1950; they had three children together before their divorce in January 1965. He married Marilyn Schuman in September 1970.
# Gay Caswell

Gay Caswell (née White; May 30, 1948 – January 2, 2025) was a Canadian writer and politician in Saskatchewan. She represented Saskatoon Westmount from 1982 to 1986 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.

## Life and career

Caswell was born as Gay White at Davidson, Saskatchewan in 1948, the daughter of Eric W. White and Ann Patricia Foster. In 1971, she married John R. Caswell of Saskatoon. The couple had six children. She was defeated by John Edward Brockelbank when she ran for reelection to the Saskatchewan assembly in 1986.
In September 2009, senior Saskatchewan Crown prosecutor Wayne Buckle was awarded damages of $50,000 for comments posed on Caswell's blog; Caswell was also ordered to remove all internet postings about Buckle. As of 2009, Caswell was living in Brabant Lake. Gay Caswell died in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan on January 2, 2025 at age 76.
# 1976 Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks football team

The 1976 Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks football team represented the University of Maryland Eastern Shore as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 1976 NCAA Division II football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Harold Gray, the Hawks compiled an overall record of 2–9, with a mark of 1–5 in conference play, and finished tied for sixth in the MEAC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 11 | Towson State* | Princess Anne, MD | L 0–30 | |
| September 18 | Howard | Princess Anne, MD | L 6–42 | 1,500 |
| September 25 | at Livingstone* | Alumni Memorial StadiumSalisbury, NC | L 14–29 | |
| October 2 | at Delaware State | Alumni StadiumDover, DE | L 0–13 | |
| October 16 | at North Carolina A&T | World War Memorial StadiumGreensboro, NC | L 13–37 | 9,000 |
| October 23 | at North Carolina Central | O'Kelly StadiumDurham, NC | W 21–19 | |
| October 30 | Fort Valley State* | Princess Anne, MD | L 2–21 | |
| November 6 | at South Carolina State | State College StadiumOrangeburg, SC | L 0–47 | 14,103 |
| November 13 | at Hampton* | Armstrong StadiumHampton, VA | W 12–3 | |
| November 20 | at Kentucky State* | Alumni FieldFrankfort, KY | L 0–13 | 2,000 |
| November 27 | at Morgan State | Hughes StadiumBaltimore, MD | L 10–56 | 2,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# MacEwan station

MacEwan station is an Edmonton LRT station on the Metro Line in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is located across from MacEwan University on 105 Avenue between 103 and 104 Street. The station opened on September 6, 2015.

## History

Construction of the first phase of the project that links the station with Churchill station began in fall 2009 with completion originally set for early 2014.
It was announced on August 31, 2009, that the Katz Group had bought the land adjacent to the site for the MacEwan Station, with the intention to build Rogers Place, a new NHL arena. That development became known as the Ice District.

## Around the station

* MacEwan University
* Bell Tower
* Boyle Street Education Centre
* Central McDougall
* CN Tower
* Chinatown
* Downtown
* Epcor Tower
* McCauley
* Ice District
** Edmonton Tower
** Rogers Place
** Stantec Tower

## Serious incidents

* In February 2025, a 13-year-old boy was fatally stabbed by multiple people on the platform.
# Edward Waterhouse (FRS)

Edward Waterhouse (1619–1670) was an English heraldic writer and cleric.

## Life

Born at Greenford, Middlesex, he was son of Francis Waterhouse of that place, by his wife Bridget, daughter of Morgan Powell; Sir Edward Waterhouse was his great-uncle. He was admitted in 1635 to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he graduated Legum Doctor (LLD) per literas regias in 1668. In the time of the Commonwealth he lived for some years at Oxford in order to pursue studies in the Bodleian Library. In 1660 he was lodging in Sion College, London.
In 1663 Waterhouse became a fellow of the Royal Society. Through Gilbert Sheldon, archbishop of Canterbury, he took holy orders in 1668, and became a preacher. He died on 30 May 1670 at his house at Mile End Green, and was interred on 2 June at Greenford, where he had an estate.

## Works

Waterhouse's works were:
* A humble Apologie for Learning and Learned Men, London, 1653.
* Two Brief Meditations: i. Of Magnanimitie under Crosses; ii. Of Acquaintance with God. By E. W., London (5 December), 1653.
* A modest Discourse of the Piety, Charity, and Policy of Elder Times and Christians. Together with those their vertues paralleled by Christians, members of the Church of England, London, 1655.
* A Discours and Defense of Arms and Armory, Shewing the Nature and Uses of Arms and Honour in England, from the Camp, the Court, the City, under the two latter of which are contained Universities and Inns of Court, London, 1660
* The Sphere of Gentry: deduced from the Principles of Nature. An Historical and Genealogical Work of Arms and Blazon, in four Books, London, 1661. William Dugdale's information, via Anthony Wood, was that this work was by Waterhouse, though it was published under the name of Sylvanus Morgan.
* Fortescutus Illustratus; or, a Commentary on Sir John Fortescue, lord chancellor to Henry VI, his book De Laudibus legum Angliæ, London, 1663.
* The Gentlemans Monitor: or a Sober Inspection into the Virtues, Vices, and ordinary means of the rise and decay of Men and Families. With the authors apology and application to the Nobles and Gentry of England, seasonable for these times, London, 1665.
* A Short Narrative of the Late Dreadful Fire in London: Together with Certain Considerations Remarkable therein, and Deducible therefrom, London, written 20 October 1666, published 1667.
He also contributed "Observations on the Life of Sir Edward Waterhouse" to David Lloyd's State Worthies, 1670.

## Family

Waterhouse married, first, Mary, daughter and heiress of Robert Smith, alias Carrington, by Magdalen, his wife, daughter of Robert Harvey, comptroller of the custom house to James I; and, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Richard Bateman of Hartington, Derbyshire, and London, by Christiana, daughter of William Stone of London. Waterhouse survived his second wife, who left him one son, Edward, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Bridget; the daughters alone survived him.
# Knox Academy

Knox Academy is a co-educational state secondary school located in Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland. Originally founded in 1379 as a medieval grammar school, it is one of the oldest schools in the world.

## History

The modern school can be traced back to a late medieval grammar school, founded in 1379 in Haddington, East Lothian. It was not until 1879 that it was first dedicated to John Knox, and named the Knox Memorial Institute to mark the construction of a new building designed by John Starforth. Though it no longer houses the school, this historic structure is now a listed building and remains in private use, located on the same street as the modern Knox Academy.
In 1930, construction began of a replacement campus on the current site, which was further extended in 1960. During this period, the school became known as Knox Academy for the first time. In 2005, a major refurbishment and rebuild of the school was completed.
In June 2012, head teacher Janis Craig retired after fifteen years in the role. During the 2016–17 academic year, Molly Young, a pupil at the school, was injured in an acid attack by a pupil in the same year. The incident was widely covered in the national press, and following a second violent incident, Lauren Rodger, head teacher of North Berwick High School, was seconded to the school as acting headteacher.
The current head teacher is Susan Cook, formerly acting head teacher at Trinity Academy, Edinburgh. In 2018, it was announced that an extension of the school would be required by 2024 in order to meet demand from new housing developments in the area.

## Meadowpark

Meadowpark opened in 2016 and supports learners with special educational needs. While part of Knox Academy, it primarily operates within dedicated buildings which are located separately to the main campus.

## Cadet Force

Knox Academy was the last state school in Scotland to have a Combined Cadet Force, the Knox CCF. The CCF was disbanded in 2010 due to disagreements between the school and the Ministry of Defence over the storage of weapons on school grounds.

## Notable alumni
### The Grammar School

* Walter Bower (c. 1385–1449), chronicler and clergyman
* John Major (philosopher) (1467–1550)
* John Knox (c. 1514–1572) protestant reformer
* James Carmichael (1542/3–1628) church minister, schoolmaster and author of a Latin grammar and a collection of proverbs in Scots
* John Witherspoon (1723–1794), signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence
* Richard Gall (1776–1801), poet
* Sir Peter Laurie (1778–1861), Lord Mayor of London
* Thomas Burns (1796–1871), early settler in Otago, New Zealand
* William George Gillies (1898-1973), renowned Scottish landscape and still life painter

### Knox Academy

* Callum Booth, professional footballer
* Danny Handling, professional footballer
* Grant McKelvey, professional rugby player and coach
* Cameron Murray (rugby union), professional rugby player
# I Didn't Know I Was Pregnant

I Didn't Know I Was Pregnant is an American documentary television series that aired on Discovery Fit & Health and TLC. The series debuted on May 26, 2009 on Discovery Fit & Health. Each episode features two or more women who were unaware that they were pregnant until they went into labor.
Frequent reasons for the subjects not recognizing pregnancy include:
* Mistaking the symptoms for another condition or illness.
* Believing they were infertile, and thus not considering pregnancy a possible cause of symptoms.
* Not having any of the "traditional" symptoms (weight gain, extended abdomen, feeling of movement in stomach, morning sickness, unusual food cravings).
* Assuming their birth control methods were 100% effective.
* Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy being misinterpreted as a period.
* False negative pregnancy tests.

## Production history and cancellation

The series is shown on Discovery en Español and the OWN.
TLC pulled the series from its schedule on July 15, 2011 citing low ratings. TLC announced in later July that the series would return to finish its fourth and final season on August 17, 2011. The final episode aired on October 19, 2011.
TLC reprised the series in 2015 for special episodes titled I Still Didn't Know I Was Pregnant, featuring women who have had two surprise pregnancies.
# Chalad

Chalad is a town in Kannur Municipal Corporation in Kerala state, South India.

## Location

It is located on the route that runs from Kannur city to Azhikode, and it is one of the shortest ways to Mangalore highway from Kannur.

## Tourism

Kerala's Payyambalam beach is a major tourist attraction in this region. There are four A class theaters in Chalad. It is also the biggest part of Kannur city. Chalad Sree Dharma Shastha temple is one of the most sacred and old Aiyyappa Temples in Kerala. There is also one of the biggest mosques in Kannur. This area also bears a posh residential area for Kannur. Chalad is the political hub of Kannur city.

## Transportation

Chalad town is located in Kannur- Alavil-Azhikode road. This town is the busiest stretch on this road. This road connects Kannur city towards Azhikkal Port. Chalad town is connected towards National Highway via Chalad-Pannanpara road. This Highway connected towards Mangalore, Goa and Mumbai can be accessed on the northern side and Kozhikode, Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed on the southern side. The nearest railway station are Chirakkal railway station and Kannur Railway Station on Mangalore-Palakkad line. Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet. There are airports at Mattanur, Mangalore and Calicut. All of them are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern countries.

## Image gallery

* Greenery in Chalad
* Footpath
* Ayyappa Temple, Chalad
* Chalad Chalil Temple
# Hillel Steiner

Hillel Isaac Steiner FBA (/ˈstaɪnər/; born 1942) is a Canadian political philosopher and is Emeritus Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Manchester. He was elected to the Fellowship of the British Academy in 1999.

## Work

Steiner's writings are focused on contemporary philosophical work on the conceptual analysis of freedom, rights and justice, and on the relation between moral and economic rationality. His most noted work is An Essay on Rights which won the Political Studies Association's best book prize for 1994. In it, he develops what has since come to be known as a left-libertarian theory of distributive justice. This book brings together Steiner's work on the pure negative conception of liberty, his Will Theory of Rights, and a liberal model of exploitation. Embracing the libertarian right of self-ownership, he argues that its consistent universalization requires that individuals be vested with equal rights to negative freedom that are global in scope and that take account of interpersonal inequalities in natural resource values, including those of genetic endowments. He was also the first person to use the term "throffer", which is now used in and beyond political philosophy, in print.
He is a member of the following organisations: American Philosophical Association, Aristotelian Society, Association for Legal and Social Philosophy, Basic Income Earth Network, British Philosophical Association, European Society for the History of Economic Thought, Political Studies Association, Society for Applied Philosophy, and the September Group.
# Tommaso Maestrelli

Tommaso Maestrelli (Italian pronunciation:; 7 October 1922 – 2 December 1976) was an Italian footballer and manager, who played as a midfielder. He was well known for leading Lazio to their first Serie A title during the 1973–74 season. He also played for Italy at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

## Honours
### Managerial

Lazio
* Serie A (1): 1973–74
Reggina
* Serie C (1): 1964–65

### Individual

* Seminatore d'oro (2): 1968–69 (with Foggia), 1973–74 (with Lazio)
# Silvio Garay

Silvio Garay (born 20 September 1973) is a Paraguayan footballer. He played in four matches for the Paraguay national football team from 1999 to 2001. He was also part of Paraguay's squad for the 2001 Copa América tournament.
# Acacia bifaria

Acacia bifaria is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia. It is native to an area along the south coast of Western Australia.

## Description

The shrub is a prostrate to semi-prostrate often domed in shape. It typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 0.8 metres (1.0 to 2.6 ft) and a width of 2 m (6.6 ft). The slightly to prominently flexuose and glabrous branchlets have persistent stipules. The evergreen phyllodes are continuous with branchlets and form opposite wings with each one extending to the next below. Each phyllode is 1 to 3.5 centimetres (0.39 to 1.38 in) in length and has a width of 4 to 10 millimetres (0.157 to 0.394 in). It produces yellow spherical inflorescences between August and December. The rudimentary inflorescences contain 16 to 23 light golden flowers. The black seed pods that form after flowering are strongly curved to twice-coiled with a length of around 2 cm (0.79 in) and 2 to 3 mm (0.079 to 0.118 in) wide containing oblong seeds.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Bruce Maslin in 1995 as part of the work Acacia Miscellany Taxonomy of some Western Australian phyllocladinous and aphyllodinous taxa (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) as published in the journal Nuytsia. The species as reclassified as Racosperma bifarium in 2003 by Leslie Pedley but returned to the genus Acacia in 2006.

## Distribution and habitat

A. bifaria is found among mallee and woodland communities but has a limited range inland along the south coast of Western Australia in the area around Jerramungup and Ravensthorpe. It is often found in clay, rocky loam or sandy soils on undulating plains, low-lying areas and on roadsides.

## Conservation status

This species of wattle is listed as "Priority Three" meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.
# South Lancashire Tramways

South Lancashire Tramways was a system of electric tramways in south Lancashire authorised by the South Lancashire Tramways Act 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. c. ccxliii). The South Lancashire Tramways Company was authorised by the act to build over 62 miles (100 km) of track to serve the towns between St Helens (now in Merseyside), Swinton, Westhoughton and Hulton Lane where the Bolton Corporation system ended. The system was the largest standard-gauge electric tramway outside London.
   At the peak of Britain's first-generation tramways, it was possible to travel by tram all the way from Pier Head at Liverpool to the Pennines in Rochdale by tram.
The company had difficulty raising capital and at the end of November 1900 its shares were acquired by the South Lancashire Electric Traction and Power Company. It also acquired the shares of the Lancashire Light Railways Company and the South Lancashire Electric Supply Company. Construction began in late 1901 and in October 1902 the first section from Lowton through Leigh and Atherton to Four Lane Ends at Over Hulton opened.
Atherton became the centre of the system and the tram sheds, power station and offices were built on the north side of Leigh Road at Howe Bridge (grid reference SD 6624 0203).
Unrestored tram body, No 65 built by Brush Electrical Engineering Company in 1906, is in the collection of the Museum of Transport, Greater Manchester.
# Kolonia Różaniecka

Kolonia Różaniecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarnogród, within Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Tarnogród, 28 km (17 mi) south of Biłgoraj, and 106 km (66 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.
# 1940 Mississippi State Maroons football team

The 1940 Mississippi State Maroons football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi State College (now known as Mississippi State University) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1940 college football season. In their second year under head coach Allyn McKeen, the Maroons complied an overall record of 10–0–1, with a conference record of 4–0–1, and finished second in the SEC. This was Mississippi State's only undefeated season.
End Buddy Elrod was named SEC "Player of the Year" by the Nashville Banner and was selected to several All-America teams.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 28 | at Florida | | Florida FieldGainesville, FL | W 25–7 | 12,000 |
| October 5 | Southwestern Louisiana* | | Scott FieldStarkville, MS | W 20–0 | 7,000 |
| October 12 | at Auburn | | Legion FieldBirmingham, AL | T 7–7 | 18,000 |
| October 19 | Howard (AL)* | | Scott FieldStarkville, MS | W 41–7 | 6,000 |
| October 26 | at NC State* | | Riddick StadiumRaleigh, NC | W 26–10 | 10,000 |
| November 2 | at Southwestern (TN)* | No. 20 | Crump StadiumMemphis, TN | W 13–0 | 9,000 |
| November 9 | at LSU | No. 19 | Tiger StadiumBaton Rouge, LA (rivalry) | W 22–7 | 20,000 |
| November 16 | Millsaps* | No. 15 | Scott FieldStarkville, MS | W 46–13 | 10,500 |
| November 23 | No. 11 Ole Miss | No. 16 | Scott FieldStarkville, MS (Egg Bowl) | W 19–0 | 25,000 |
| November 30 | at No. 17 Alabama | No. 11 | Denny StadiumTuscaloosa, AL (rivalry) | W 13–0 | 18,500 |
| January 1 | vs. No. 13 Georgetown* | No. 9 | Burdine StadiumMiami, FL (Orange Bowl) | W 14–7 | 38,307 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Marino Lombardo

Marino Lombardo (9 April 1950 – 9 March 2021) was an Italian professional football player and coach.

## Career

Lombardo, a full back, began his career with Torino, and later played for Cesena, Pistoiese, Pescara, Triestina, Arezzo and Pro Gorizia.
After retiring as a player in 1983 he worked as a coach, including for Triestina with whom he won promotion.
He died of a heart attack on 9 March 2021, aged 70.
# Battle of Kara-Kamysh
## Battle

In the spring of the year 1605, the Year of the Hare, he left Tashkent and set up camp in the clearing of Kara-Kamysh, located half a farsakh from the city gates. At the same time, Ishim and Bahadur, who had marched from Ala-Tagh with their army against the False Abd al-Ghaffar, approached the outskirts of Tashkent. Capturing a prisoner, they learned crucial information about the position of the False Abd al-Ghaffar Sultan. At dawn, Ishim and Bahadur launched a sudden attack on the camp in Kara-Kamysh. The False Abd al-Ghaffar Sultan was still asleep. Awakened by the sound of horses' hooves, he ran out of his tent in fear, but at that moment, Ishim Khan caught up with him and delivered a fatal blow with his massive saber.
   Bahadur Khan and Yshim Khan approached Tashkent from Alatag with a large number of men with the intent of attacking Abd al-Ghaffar. Capturing one man, they questioned him about Abd al-Ghaffar’s circumstances, and he told them everything. After that, they swiftly rode forward and, at dawn, stormed his tent in Kara-Kamysh. Abd al-Ghaffar was asleep. Awakened by the sound of hooves, he ran out of the tent in fear. At that very moment, Yshim Khan appeared and pierced his belly with a massive saber.
# Mina Hesselberg

Mina Hesselberg (born 20 April 2000) is a Norwegian handball player for Larvik HK.
She is also a part of Norway's national recruit team in handball.
Hesselberg started her career as a back, but retrained as a wing in 2021.

## Achievements

* EHF Champions League:
** Winner: 2021/2022, 2022/2023
* Norwegian League:
** Winner: 2021/2022, 2022/2023, 2023/2024
* Norwegian Cup:
** Winner: 2022/23, 2023/24