# By-elections to the 1st Canadian Parliament

By-elections to the 1st Canadian Parliament were held to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada between the 1867 federal election and the 1872 federal election. The Conservative Party of Canada led a majority government for the 1st Canadian Parliament.
The list includes Ministerial by-elections which occurred due to the requirement that Members of Parliament recontest their seats upon being appointed to Cabinet. These by-elections were almost always uncontested. This requirement was abolished in 1931.
| By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained |
| Yale District | December 19, 1871 | New seat | | Charles Frederick Houghton | Liberal | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA |
| Cariboo | December 19, 1871 | New seat | | Joshua Spencer Thompson | Liberal-Conservative | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA |
| Vancouver Island | December 15, 1871 | New seat | | Robert Wallace | Conservative | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA |
| New Westminster | December 13, 1871 | New seat | | Hugh Nelson | Liberal-Conservative | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA |
| Victoria | November 24, 1871 | New seat | | Henry Nathan, Jr. and Amor De Cosmos | Liberal | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. Two MPs elected | NA |
| Brome | November 17, 1871 | Christopher Dunkin | Conservative | Edward Carter | Conservative | Appointed to the Superior Court of Quebec | Yes |
| Compton | November 11, 1871 | John Henry Pope | Conservative | John Henry Pope | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Agriculture | Yes |
| Montcalm | September 15, 1871 | Joseph Dufresne | Conservative | Firmin Dugas | Conservative | Appointed Sheriff of the County of St. John | Yes |
| Algoma | June 30, 1871 | Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson | Conservative | Frederick William Cumberland | Conservative | Appointed Indian Commissioner for the North | Yes |
| Hastings East | March 20, 1871 | Robert Read | Conservative | John White | Conservative | Called to the Senate | Yes |
| Provencher | March 3, 1871 | New seat | | Pierre Delorme | Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. | NA |
| Selkirk | March 2, 1871 | New seat | | Donald Alexander Smith | Independent Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. | NA |
| Lisgar | March 2, 1871 | New seat | | John Christian Schultz | Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. | NA |
| Marquette | March 2, 1871 | New seat | | James S. Lynch and Angus McKay | Liberal and Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. Two MPs elected due to a tie. | NA |
| Restigouche | November 29, 1870 | William Murray Caldwell | Liberal | George Moffat, Sr. | Conservative | Appointed Inspector of Post Offices in New Brunswick | No |
| Richelieu | November 18, 1870 | Thomas McCarthy | Conservative | Georges Isidore Barthe | Independent Conservative | Death | No |
| Colchester | November 8, 1870 | Adams George Archibald | Liberal-Conservative | Frederick M. Pearson | Liberal | Appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories | No |
| St. Hyacinthe | September 1, 1870 | Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski | Liberal | Louis Delorme | Liberal | Death | Yes |
| Bellechasse | August 15, 1870 | Louis-Napoléon Casault | Conservative | Télesphore Fournier | Liberal | Appointed to Superior Court of Quebec | No |
| Quebec East | July 18, 1870 | Pierre-Gabriel Huot | Liberal | Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau | Conservative | Appointed Postmaster at Quebec | No |
| Missisquoi | July 5, 1870 | Brown Chamberlin | Conservative | George Barnard Baker | Liberal-Conservative | Appointed Queen's Printer | Yes |
| Kings | June 23, 1870 | William Henry Chipman | Anti-Confederate | Leverett de Veber Chipman | Liberal | Death | No |
| Cumberland | June 15, 1870 | Charles Tupper | Conservative | Charles Tupper | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as President of the Privy Council | Yes |
| Frontenac | April 27, 1870 | Thomas Kirkpatrick | Conservative | George Airey Kirkpatrick | Conservative | Death | Yes |
| Brome | November 29, 1869 | Christopher Dunkin | Conservative | Christopher Dunkin | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Agriculture | Yes |
| Lanark South | November 29, 1869 | Alexander Morris | Conservative | Alexander Morris | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Inland Revenue | Yes |
| Renfrew South | November 29, 1869 | Daniel McLachlin | Liberal | John Lorn McDougall | Liberal | Resignation | Yes |
| Renfrew North | November 13, 1869 | John Rankin | Liberal-Conservative | Francis Hincks | Conservative | Resignation to provide a seat for Hincks | Yes |
| Huntingdon | October 30, 1869 | John Rose | Liberal-Conservative | Julius Scriver | Liberal | Resignation to move to London where he acted as the Prime Minister's unofficial representative to the UK. | No |
| Colchester | September 9, 1869 | Archibald McLelan | Anti-Confederate | Adams George Archibald | Liberal-Conservative | Called to the Senate | No |
| L'Islet | July 14, 1869 | Barthélemy Pouliot | Conservative | Barthélemy Pouliot | Conservative | Election annulled | Yes |
| Wellington Centre | July 12, 1869 | Thomas Sutherland Parker | Liberal | James Ross | Liberal | Death | Yes |
| Hants | April 24, 1869 | Joseph Howe | Anti-Confederate | Joseph Howe | Liberal-Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as President of the Privy Council | No |
| Yarmouth | April 20, 1869 | Thomas Killam | Anti-Confederate | Frank Killam | Liberal | Death | No |
| Richmond | April 20, 1869 | William Joseph Croke | Anti-Confederate | Isaac LeVesconte | Conservative | Death | No |
| Kamouraska | February 17, 1869 | Vacant | | Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier | Liberal | No election held in 1867 due to riots | NA |
| Northumberland | December 24, 1868 | John Mercer Johnson | Liberal | Richard Hutchison | Liberal | Death | Yes |
| Saint Maurice | October 30, 1868 | Louis-Léon Lesieur Desaulniers | Conservative | Élie Lacerte | Conservative | Appointed inspector of prisons and asylums in Quebec | Yes |
| York | October 28, 1868 | Charles Fisher | Liberal | John Pickard | Independent Liberal | Appointed to New Brunswick Supreme Court | No |
| Three Rivers | October 17, 1868 | Louis-Charles Boucher de Niverville | Conservative | William McDougall | Conservative | Appointed sheriff for the district of Trois-Rivières | Yes |
| York West | August 14, 1868 | William Pearce Howland | Liberal-Conservative | Amos Wright | Liberal | Appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario | No |
| Montreal West | April 20, 1868 | Thomas D'Arcy McGee | Liberal-Conservative | Michael Patrick Ryan | Liberal-Conservative | Death (assassinated) | Yes |
| Lincoln | April 13, 1868 | James Rea Benson | Liberal-Conservative | Thomas Rodman Merritt | Liberal | Called to the Senate | No |
| Restigouche | March 13, 1868 | John McMillan | Liberal | William Murray Caldwell | Liberal | Appointed Inspector of Post Offices in New Brunswick | Yes |
| Montmorency | December 11, 1867 | Joseph-Édouard Cauchon | Conservative | Jean Langlois | Conservative | Called to the Senate | Yes |
| Huntingdon | November 28, 1867 | John Rose | Liberal-Conservative | John Rose | Liberal-Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Finance | Yes |