# Border barrier

A border barrier, border fence or border wall is a separation barrier that runs along or near an international border. Such barriers are typically constructed for border control purposes such as curbing illegal immigration, human trafficking, and smuggling. Some such barriers are constructed for defence or security reasons. In cases of a disputed or unclear border, erecting a barrier can serve as a de facto unilateral consolidation of a territorial claim that can supersede formal delimitation. A border barrier does not usually indicate the location of the actual border, and is usually constructed unilaterally by a country, without the agreement or cooperation of the other country.
Examples of border walls include the ancient Great Wall of China, a series of walls separating China from nomadic empires to the north. The construction of border barriers increased in the early 2000s; half of all the border barriers built since World War II, which ended in 1945, were built after 2000.

## List of current barriers

Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon.
| Name | Countries affected | Built and maintained by | Date built | Length (km) | Type | Deaths during crossing attempts | References |
| Argentina–Paraguay | Argentina and Paraguay | Argentina | 2014 | 1.3 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Austrian border barrier | Austria, Italy, and Slovenia | Austria | 2015 | 3.7 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Morocco- Algeria | Morocco and Algeria | Morocco | 2014 | 150 km | Anti-terrorism | | |
| Algeria- Morocco | Algeria and Morocco | Algeria | 2013 | 150 km | Anti-terrorism, smuggling (both countries created no-men-land) | | |
| Belize–Guatemala | Belize and Guatemala | Belize | Proposed, agreed | N/A | Disputed territory and anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Botswana–Zimbabwe | Botswana and Zimbabwe | Botswana | 2003 | 500 | Protection of livestock against disease (Botswana), anti-immigration (purported from Zimbabwe officials) | 8 | |
| Brunei–Malaysia | Brunei and the city of Limbang, Malaysia | Brunei | 2005 | 20 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Bulgaria–Turkey barrier | Bulgaria and Turkey | Bulgaria | 2014 | 30 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Calais border barrier | United Kingdom and France | United Kingdom and France | 2016 | 1 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Ceuta border fence | Spain and Morocco | Spain | 2001 | 8 | Anti-illegal immigration | 13–18 depending on estimates. | |
| Costa Rica–Nicaragua | Costa Rica and Nicaragua | Costa Rica | Proposed | N/A | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Green Line (Cyprus) | Cyprus and Northern Cyprus | Cyprus and the United Nations | 1964 | 180 | Buffer Zone | | |
| Chinese–Korean border fence | China and North Korea | China | 2011 | 1,416 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Chile–Bolivia ditch | Chile and Bolivia | Chile | 2022 (Under construction) | N/A | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| China-Vietnam/Myanmar border wall | China, Vietnam and Myanmar | China | 2021 | 3,468 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Denmark–Germany border fence | Denmark and Germany | Denmark | 2019 | 70 | Wildlife control (official), Anti-immigration (third party claims) | | |
| Dominican–Haiti border fence | Dominican Republic and Haiti | Dominican Republic | Partially completed | N/A | Anti-illegal immigration and crime | | |
| Egypt–Gaza barrier | Egypt and Gaza Strip | Egypt | 1979, low concrete wall (2.5–3m tall) with barbed wire as part of initial security measures; 2009 Underground steel barrier (10–11 km long, 18m deep) to block smuggling tunnels. | 3.1 | Anti-terrorism and anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Estonia–Russia barrier | Estonia and Russia | Estonia | 2018 | 110 | Anti-intrusion, illegal trade and illegal immigration | | |
| Finland–Russia border barrier | Finland and Russia | Finland | 2023 | 200 | Against Russian intrusion, illegal trade and illegal immigration | | |
| Greece–Turkey border | Greece and Turkey | Greece | 2012, expanded 2021 | 200 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| North Macedonia–Greece barrier | North Macedonia and Greece | North Macedonia | 2015 | 30 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Malaysia–Thailand border | Thailand and Malaysia | Thailand | 70's, 2001 | 650 | Fence in 70s, 2001 replaced, planned wall not constructed | | |
| Melilla border fence | Spain and Morocco | Spain | 1998 | 11 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Myanmar -Bangladesh border fence | Myanmar and Bangladesh | Myanmar | 2017 | 271 | Refugee crisis, after ethnic cleansing in Rohingy | | |
| Hungary–Serbia barrier | Hungary and Serbia | Hungary | 2015 | 175 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Hungary–Croatia barrier | Hungary and Croatia | Hungary | 2015 | 41 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| India–Bangladesh barrier | India and Bangladesh | India | Under construction | 3,268 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| India–Myanmar barrier | India and Myanmar | India | Under construction | 1,624 | Anti-drug smuggling and anti-terrorism | | |
| India-Nepal barrier | India and Nepal | India | Under construction | ? | Anti-illegal immigration Anti-terrorism | |
| India–Pakistan barrier | India and Pakistan | India | 2004 | 550 | Anti-terrorism | | |
| Iran–Pakistan barrier | Iran and Pakistan | Pakistan and Iran | Under construction | 959 | Anti-terrorism and Anti-drug smuggling | | |
| Iran–Afghanistan barrier | Iran and Afghanistan | Iran | 1992, 2021 | 30 km built in 1992, 75 km built in 2021 | Anti-illegal immigration Anti-terrorism Anti-drug smuggling | | |
| Jordan - Syria | Jordan and Syria | Jordan | 2015 | 100 km barriers and deep trenches | Anti-terrorism | |
| Israel-West Bank barrier | Israel and Palestine | Israel | Partially Completed | 708 | Anti-terrorism and disputed territory | | |
| Israel-Egypt barrier | Israel and Egypt | Israel | 2013 | 245 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Israel-Lebanon barrier | Israel and Lebanon | Israel | 2018 | 11 | Conflict zone | | |
| Israel-Gaza barrier | Israel and Gaza Strip | Israel | 1994 | N/A | Anti-terrorism | | |
| Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan barrier | Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan | Kazakhstan | 2006 | 45 | Anti-drug smuggling | | |
| Kenya - Somalia barrier | Kenya and Somalia | Kenya | 2015 (Under construction) | planned 700 km, done only 10-13 km of fence with barbed wire | Intrusion of terrorist groups (Al-Shabaab) | | |
| Korean Demilitarized Zone | North Korea and South Korea | North Korea and United Nations Command | 1953 | 248 | Conflict zone | | |
| Kruger National Park | South Africa and Mozambique | South Africa | 1975 | 120 | Anti-illegal immigration | 89 (Army), over 200 (Various churches) | |
| South Africa–Zimbabwe Border | South Africa and Zimbabwe | South Africa | 2000s | 225 | Anti-illegal immigration, anti-drug smuggling, anti-weapon smuggling | | |
| Kuwait–Iraq barrier | Kuwait and Iraq | Kuwait | 1991 | 193 | Conflict zone | | |
| Latvia–Russia border fence | Latvia and Russia | Latvia | 2015 | 90 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Libya–Tunisia barrier | Libya and Tunisia | Tunisia | 2015 | 200 km barrier - moat and sand wall (out of 500 km of border) | Anti-terrorism, Anti-irregular immigration and smuggling of illicit goods | | |
| Lithuania-Belarus barrier | Lithuania and Belarus | Lithuania | 2021 | 502 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Lithuania–Russia border fence | Lithuania and Russia | Lithuania | 2017 | 130 | Anti-smuggling, anti-illegal immigration, anti-intrusion | | |
| Moroccan Western Sahara Wall | Morocco and Western Sahara | Morocco | 1980 | 2,700 | Conflict zone | | |
| Norway–Russia border barrier | Norway and Russia | Norway | 2016 | 0,2 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Oman–Yemen | Oman and Yemen | Oman | 2013 | 288 | | |
| Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier | Pakistan and Afghanistan | Pakistan | 2017 started | 2,670 | Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration, anti drug smuggling | | |
| Poland–Belarus barrier | Poland and Belarus | Poland | 2022 | 186 | Anti-illegal immigration | 21 | |
| Saudi–Yemen barrier | Saudi Arabia and Yemen | Saudi Arabia | 2004 | 75 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Saudi–Iraq barrier | Saudi Arabia and Iraq | Saudi Arabia | 2014 | 900 | Anti-illegal immigration and conflict zone | | |
| Slovenia–Croatia barrier | Slovenia and Croatia | Slovenia | 2016 | 220 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Serbia–North Macedonia barrier | Serbia and North Macedonia | Serbia | 2020 | 240 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Turkey–Syria border barrier | Turkey and Syria | Turkey | 2018 | 764 km finished, planned 911 km, 2 m wide, 3 m high concrete structure | Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling | | |
| Turkey–Iran border barrier | Turkey and Iran | Turkey | Start of construction in 2017 | Planned 295 km, finished as of 2025 170 km | Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling | | |
| Turkmenistan – Uzbekistan barrier | Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan | Turkmenistan | 2001 | 1,700 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Ukraine Russia/Belorussia barrier | Ukraine, Russia and Belarus | Ukraine | Started 2015 - on halt 2022 with Russian invasion | 2,000 | Proiekt "Stina"/Wall Anti Weapon Smuggling and Conflict zone | | |
| United Arab Emirates–Oman barrier | United Arab Emirates and Oman | United Arab Emirates | 2018 | 410 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Mexico–United States barrier | United States and Mexico | United States | Partially Constructed | 1,000 | Anti-illegal immigration and smuggling | | [108][109][110][111][112] [113][114][115][116][117] |
| Uzbek–Afghanistan barrier | Uzbekistan and Afghanistan | Uzbekistan | 2001 | 209 | Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Uzbek–Kyrgyzstan barrier | Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan | Uzbekistan | 1999 | 870 | Conflict zone | | |
| Hong Kong-China barrier and Forts | Hong Kong and mainland China | United Kingdom and Hong Kong | 1950s, 1962 updated, | 33 km | Anti-terrorism Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| (Gibraltar) United Kingdom-Spain barrier | (Gibraltar) United Kingdom and Spain | United Kingdom and Gibraltar | 1909 | 1.24 | Anti-terrorism Anti-illegal immigration | | |
| Ethiopia–Eritrea barrier | Ethiopia and Eritrea | Ethiopia and Eritrea | 1990s–2000s | ? | Anti-terrorism | | |

## Border barriers in history
### Antiquity

* Antonine Wall (began in AD 142 by the Roman province in Britain)
* Anastasian Wall (built from AD 469, west of Istanbul, Turkey)
* Great Wall of China (parts were built as early as the 7th century BC by the Qi dynasty in China)
* Great Wall of Gorgan (built in 5th or 6th century AD)
* Hadrian's Wall (begun in AD 122)
* Madukkarai Wall (may have been built as early as the 1st century AD in India)
* Southern Great Wall, southern counterpart wall to the Great Wall, erected to protect and divide the Chinese from the "southern barbarians" called Miao (meaning barbaric and nomadic)

### Middle Ages

* Cheolli Jangseong
* The fortifications, castles and border walls between the Emirate of Granada and the Crown of Castile, later Spain between 1238 and 2 January 1492 although it continued as the internal border of the Crown of Castile, then Spain as Kingdom of Granada from 2 January 1492 to 29 September 1833. A large part of the fortifications, castles and walls is currently in good condition.
* Asilah: The King Alfonso V of Portugal built walls on the outskirts of the city of Asilah, serving as a border between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Marinid dynasty (1471–1472), the Saadi Sultanate (1472–1550), the Wattasid dynasty (1577–1589), in the area of the sea there are still cannons next to a Portuguese square tower. Currently the Wall is in good condition.
* Macau: Ming dynasty (currently China) built a wall around Macau in 1570.

### Early modern period

* Great Hedge of India, built by the British in 1803
* The border forts between the Captaincy General of Chile later Chile and the Mapuche territory that served as the border between the two from 1598 to 1883, which was delimited mainly by the Biobío river, the route passed through the Province of Biobío, Region of Biobío and the Region of Araucanía.
* Zanja de Alsina, built in the 1870s along the southern frontier of Argentina
* The points, forts and border barriers that functioned between the French Conchinchina and the Nguyễn dynasty that functioned between 1862 and 1887.

### Defunct barriers in modern times

* The posts and barriers between Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory and Qing dynasty later China between 1898 and 1914 and later served as the border between the Empire of Japan and the China, that worked between November 7, 1914, and December 10, 1922, and reoccupied in the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 and 1945.
* The posts and border barriers between Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan and Qing dynasty later China that worked between 1898 and 1945.
* The Czechoslovak border fortifications and fortified defensive lines built between 1935 and 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of Nazi Germany.
* The Maginot Line, built between 1929 and 1938 by France on the French–German border as a defensive structure.
* The border posts and barriers between the (Empire of Japan) through the (Karafuto Prefecture) and the (Russian Empire after Russian SSR after USSR) through the Sakhalin Oblast that operated between 5 September 1907 and 25 August 1945.
* The border posts, forts and walls between the Russian Dalian (Russian Empire) and the Qing dynasty between 27 March 1898 – 5 September 1905 and between the Kwantung Leased Territory (Empire of Japan) and the (Qing dynasty 5 September 1905 – 10 October 1911 and the Republic of China 10 October 1911 – 1932), later Manchukuo (1932 – 14 August 1945) later by the USSR as the Soviet occupation of Manchuria between August 14, 1945, and May 3, 1946, when it was returned to the Republic of China.
* The posts, forts and border barriers that operated between the British Burma (1824–1858, 1947–1948) later British Raj through the province of British Burma and French Indochina, Kingdom of Siam and Qing dynasty later China).
* The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas territory of the French India and (Mughal Empire after Maratha Empire after Company Rule in India after British Raj after India) which operated between 1664 and 1 November 1954.
* The posts, forts and border barriers between Finland and the former Soviet Union, in the Hanko peninsula (1940–1941) and in the Porkkala peninsula (1945–1956).
* The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas province of the Portuguese India and (Mughal Empire after Bijapur Sultanate after Maratha Empire after Company Rule in India after British Raj after India) which functioned between 15 August 1505 and 19 December 1961.
* The coastal posts, forts and walls that were in Dutch New Guinea (27 December 1949 – 1 October 1962) after United Nations Provisional Executive Authority (1 October 1962 – 1 May 1963) and served to ward off the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) and after Indonesia (17 August 1950 – 1 May 1963).
* The frontier posts, forts and barriers that operated between the colony and overseas province of the Portuguese Timor, (Independent East Timor between November 1975 to December 7, 1975) and (Dutch East Indies (15 August 1702 – 27 December 1949) later United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 17 August 1950) later Indonesia (17 August 1950 – 7 December 1975) which functioned between 15 August 1702 and 7 December 1975, the border continues to function but is currently free passage.
* The border posts, forts and barriers between the (Panama Canal Zone) United States and Panama in operation between November 18, 1903, until October 1, 1979, partially and totally the July 1, 1999.
* The former Soviet Union had a security barrier (see С-175 "curtain") along its entire border from Norway and Finland to North Korea and China. The barrier also existed along to direct border to Soviet allies, e.g. Poland. In Europe, the more than 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long direct border between the Soviet Union and Finland/Norway was of particular importance during the Cold War. Along the Finnish border, the barrier was not so well guarded however since Finland agreed to send back all Soviet citizens who escaped. The fence was located a few kilometers (miles) from the border, and still partly remains. Russian law still forbids crossing the border outside of a border station.
* Iron Curtain in Europe and Asia: apart from the direct border between the former Soviet Union and Norway/Finland, this former barrier includes:
** Berlin Wall
** Inner German border
** Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone
** German–Czech Border
** Inner Yemen border

### Other

* Danevirke
* Gates of Alexander
* Götavirke
* Limes Germanicus
* Limes Saxoniae
* Offa's Dyke
* Willow Palisade
* Zasechnaya cherta