OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghana Medical Association

The Ghana Medical Association (GMA) represents physicians, surgeons and dentists working throughout Ghana. It was established in 1958 and is divided into ten divisions representing each region of Ghana as at the end of 2018.

## History

The earliest medical organisation of medical staff was during the Gold Coast era when the Gold Coast Medical Practitioners Union was formed in 1933. This was founded by three doctors, Frederick Victor Nanka-Bruce who was the president and spokesman, C.E. Reindorf and W.A.C. Nanka-Bruce. J.E. Hutton Mills was the secretary. Following the establishment of an African government under colonial rule in 1951, a Ghana branch of the British Medical Association was formed in January 1953. This also had Nanka-Bruce as its first president. Both associations were merged to form the Ghana Medical Association on 4 January 1958. It was inaugurated by Kwame Nkrumah at the Arden Hall of the Ambassador Hotel in Accra. Charles Easmon was elected as the first president of the GMA.

## Affiliations

* Confederation of African Medical Associations and Societies
* Commonwealth Medical Association
* World Medical Association

## National Executive Council

This council meets every other month. It is made up of the following persons:
* Chairpersons of each of the divisions (numbering ten at end of 2018)
* Society of Private Medical and Dental Practitioners
* Ghana Dental Association
* Junior Doctors Society

## Publications

* Ghana Medical Journal

## Meetings and conferences
### 66th Annual Conference 2024

In November 2024, the Ghana Medical Association (GMA) held its 66th Annual General Conference in the Volta Region, focusing on improving internet access for healthcare through collaboration between the government and telecom companies. GMA President Dr. Frank Serebour highlighted telemedicine’s potential to enhance healthcare access and efficiency, especially in rural areas.
The conference also noted barriers to telemedicine, such as limited internet infrastructure and regulatory concerns. Additionally, members discussed the benefits of artificial intelligence in diagnostics and recommended establishing standards to support its integration into healthcare.

## Past presidents of the GMA

The president of the GMA since 2017 has been Frank Ankobea. There have been 22 past presidents as at 2018.
* Charles Easmon (1958–1962)
* J. A. Schandorf (1962–1963)
* Matthew Anum Barnor (1963–1966)
* Silas R .A. Dodu (1966–1968)
* Emmanuel Evans-Anfom (1968–1970)
* H. S. Bannerman (1970–1974)
* J. T. Glover (1974–1978)
* Cornelius Odarquaye Quarcoopome (1978–1980)
* K. Dsane-Selby (1980–1983)
* J. O. M. Pobee (1983–1986)
* Harold H. Phillips (1986–1990)
* Jonathan H. Addy (1990–1992)
* Kwame Addo-Kufuor (1992–1995)
* Sir. G. W. Brobby (1995-1997)
* J. K. Kwakye-Maafo (1997–1999)
* Agyeman Badu Akosa (1999–2001)
* Jacob Plange-Rhule (2001–2003)
* Yaw Adu-Gyamfi (2003–2005)
* Francis Adu-Ababio (2005–2007)
* E. A. Adom Winful (2007–2011)
* Kwabena Opoku-Adusei (2011–2015)
* Ebenezer Ewusi-Emmim (2015–2017)
* Frank Ankobea - (2017-2021)
* Dr. Frank Serebour - (2021 - 2025)
# Juan Carlos Giménez Ferreyra

Juan Carlos "J.C." Giménez Ferreyra (born 20 December 1960) is a Paraguayan boxer. During his career he was WBC International light heavyweight champion and unsuccessfully fought for the World Super Middleweight title four times, first against Mauro Galvano in 1992, then against Chris Eubank the same year, against Nigel Benn in 1994 and finally against Joe Calzaghe in 1998, losing via doctor stoppage.
During his career he went the distance with Nigel Benn, Chris Eubank and Roberto Durán. He remained as the No. 1 in the world for 9 years in the WBO and was the WBC International champion.
He last fought in 2010, winning the Paraguayan Cruiserweight title against Nicasio Moray Martinez.
# Marcello Novaes

Marcello Tolentino Novaes (born 13 August 1962) is a Brazilian actor.

## Career

He studied at the drama school Tablado, along with Malu Mader, Drica Moraes, Maurício Mattar, and Felipe Camargo. His television debut was in 1988 on Vale Tudo telenovela. He has played the same role twice in separate soap operas, both written by Sílvio de Abreu.
His first lead came in 1994, the auto mechanic Raí in Quatro por Quatro. It was during that job he met and fell in love with actress Letícia Spiller. They married and had a son two years later. In 1996, he starred alongside Andréa Beltrão, Humberto Martins and Murilo Benício in the telenovela Vira-Lata (released as Underdog in the USA). He participated in the historical mini-series Chiquinha Gonzaga and the show Andando nas Nuvens in 1999. In 2000, he played the character Beterraba in telenovela Uga Uga. The following year he played Xande in O Clone, the bodyguard and boyfriend of an addicted rich girl. In 2003 he portrayed Ignácio in A Casa das Sete Mulheres and then the rustic Timóteo in Chocolate com Pimenta.
Due to the success of his partnership with author Glória Perez, that begun in O Clone, he returned to act on a show by the author in 2005, but his character left unnoticed in América. The actor showed displeasure with the incident.
He lived the co-star Vicente de Sete Pecados and then the surfer Sandro in Três Irmãs.

## Filmography

* 2007: Sambando nas Brasas, Morô? .... Pedro
* 2008: O Guerreiro Didi e a Ninja Lili .... Dr. Marcos
* 2010: Desenrola .... Gabriel
* 2014: Casa Grande .... Hugo Cavalcanti

## Television
### Soap

* 1988: Vale Tudo .... André
* 1989: Top Model .... Felipe
* 1990: Rainha da Sucata .... Geraldo
* 1992: Deus nos Acuda .... Geraldo
* 1994-1995: Quatro por Quatro .... Raí
* 1996: Vira-Lata .... Fidel
* 1997-1998: Zazá .... Hugo Guerreiro
* 1999: Andando nas Nuvens .... Raul Pedreira
* 2000: Uga-Uga.... Beterraba
* 2001-2002: O Clone .... Xande
* 2003-2004: Chocolate com Pimenta .... Timóteo Mariano da Silva e Silva
* 2005: América .... Geninho
* 2007-2008: Sete Pecados .... Vicente de Freitas
* 2008-2009: Três Irmãs.... Sandro
* 2009-2010: Cama de Gato .... Bene
* 2011: Cordel Encantado .... Qui Qui
* 2012: Avenida Brasil .... Maxwell "Max" Oliveira
* 2014: Casa Grande .... Hugo
* 2015: A Regra do Jogo .... Vavá
* 2016: Sol Nascente .... Vittorio
* 2017-2018: O Outro Lado do Paraíso .... Renan
* 2018-2019: O Sétimo Guardião .... Sampaio Gomes
* 2022: Além da Ilusão .... Eugênio Barbosa

### Miniseries and serials

* 1992: Anos Rebeldes.... Olavo
* 1998: Malhação .... Paulinho Kelé
* 1999: Chiquinha Gonzaga.... Jacinto Ribeiro do Amaral
* 2003: A Casa das Sete Mulheres.... Ignácio
* 2006: Malhação .... Daniel San Martin
* 2024: Justiça 2 .... Egisto

### Special

* 1998: Sai de Baixo .... Godzilla
* 2004: Sob Nova Direção .... Flávio
* 2008: Guerra e Paz.... Rolandão
* 2008: Casos e Acasos.... Reinaldo / Paulo
* 2008: Dicas de um Sedutor.... Mauro
# Lee Robinson (rugby union)

Lee Robinson (born 30 December 1980) is a former professional rugby union footballer who played on the wing for Plymouth Albion, Bristol Rugby, Leicester, L'Aquila and London Wasps.

## Club career

Robinson joined Bristol from Plymouth Albion in the summer of 2005 and capped his debut in the Guinness Premiership by scoring a try against his former academy team Bath on the opening weekend of the 2005/06 season.
Robinson signed a new two-year contract with Bristol during the 2006/07 season. He went on to represent the Barbarians in 2006 and 2007.
Robinson missed a number of games in October and November 2009 with a broken nose sustained in a training session in October.
Robinson signed another two-year contract extension with Bristol in March 2009. However, he signed for Leicester Tigers in June 2010, following Bristol's loss to Exeter in the Championship final. After being allowed to leave Leicester Tigers he joined London Wasps on a short-term deal despite initially reaching a verbal agreement with Rotherham Titans to join them instead.
After retiring from rugby Robinson was working as a removal man in the Leicestershire area. Robinson founded Robinson’s Removals in Rothley, Leicester but in April 2017 the company was wound up due to insolvency.
# Futsal at the 2024 Bolivarian Youth Games

Futsal competition at the 2024 Bolivarian Youth Games in Sucre, Bolivia was held from 12 to 14 April 2024 at Complejo Deportivo Garcilazo.
The boys' tournament was the only event scheduled to be contested. A total of 40 athletes (10 per team) competed in the event. Athletes had to be born between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2008 to be eligible (ages 16 to 18).
Venezuela won the boys' tournament and claimed the only gold medal of the futsal event.

## Participating nations

A total of 4 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) registered athletes for the futsal competitions. Each NOC was able to enter a maximum of 10 futsal players in their team squad.
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of players entered the competition by each NOC.
* Bolivia (10)
* Chile (10)
* Peru (10)
* Venezuela (10)

## Medal summary
### Medal table

* Host nation (Bolivia)
| Rank | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Venezuela (VEN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Chile (CHI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Peru (PER) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |

### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Boys' tournament | Venezuela Juan José Carrillo Yonfre Rodríguez Carlos Neus Alejandro Ledezma Reinaldo Villa Víctor Manuel Figueroa David Cabello Aaron Ruiz Leonardo Lezama Diego Medina | Chile Bairont Morales Johans Carrasco Moisés Vargas Daniel Jamett Yoshua Jara Francisco Andrade Milan Kalazich Fabián Arredondo Martín Rojas Fabián Barría | Peru Alonso Nole Anival Santillán Josimar López Elías Pérez Jonathan Cruz César Fretel Jostin Guerra Fabrizio Via Stuat Luis Pablo Cóndor César Huerta |

## Boys' tournament

The tournament consisted of a single group of 4 teams in which each team played once against the other 3 teams in the group on a single round-robin basis. The top three teams will be awarded gold, silver and bronze medals, respectively.
Venezuela secured the gold medal at the end of the second matchday when they defeated Peru 4–3, which gave them the advantage in the head-to-head criterion (first tie-breaker in case of equal points) against this same rival, which was the only one that could equal them in points in the last matchday.
All match times are local times, BOT (UTC−4).

### Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Final result |
| | Venezuela | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 8 | +5 | 7 | Gold medal |
| | Chile | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 15 | −2 | 4 | Silver medal |
| | Peru | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 12 | −2 | 3 | Bronze medal |
| 4 | Bolivia (H) | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 11 | −1 | 2 | Fourth place |
# Kuyili

Veeramangai Kuyili (died 1780) was an army commander of queen Velu Nachiyar who participated in campaigns against the East India Company in the 18th century. She is considered the first suicide bomber and "first woman martyr" in Indian history.

## Biography

Kuyili was born in the 18th century at Kudanchavadi, near Sivagangai district. Her father was a Mochi. Her mother was also known for her bravery and is said to have died while fighting with a wild bull to save her fields from being destroyed. Kuyili was a devout commander of Velu Nachiyar and repeatedly saved her life. On one such occasion, when she discovered that her Silambam teacher was actually a spy, she took action to save the queen immediately. On another occasion, when the queen was attacked during her sleep, she attacked the enemy and injured herself in the process. Seeing her loyalty and bravery, she was made the commander-in-chief of the women's wing of her army. Kuyili later played an important role in the Sivaganga expedition of the queen.
Kuyili is known for her suicide attack in 1780. While attacking a fort of East India Company, she applied ghee on her body, set herself ablaze and jumped into the armoury of the East India Company, securing victory for Velu Nachiyar. The Tamil Nadu government erected a memorial to Kuyili in the Sivagangai district.
# Isochoic wave

Isochoic wave is a term used in ultrasound. Substances of a different medium are called isochoic if waves travel through them at the same speed.
Isochoic in ultrasound means that two structures have the same echogenicity in 2D mode (B-mode).
# Kibeho

Kibeho is a sector and small town in south Rwanda, which became known outside of that country because of reported apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ occurring between 1981 and 1989. It is also known for the Kibeho Massacre in April 1995, when several thousand internally displaced people were killed by the Rwandan Patriotic Army.

## History
### Marian apparitions

The Blessed Virgin Mary reportedly appeared to Alphonsine Mumureke, Nathalie Mukamazimpaka and Marie-Claire Mukangango in Kibeho in 1981, as Our Lady of Sorrows. These apparitions were accompanied by intense reactions: crying, tremors, and comas.
On 19 August 1982, those who saw the visions reported gruesome sights (rivers of blood, sliced heads, etc.) which some today regard as an ominous foreshadowing of the Rwandan genocide of 1994, and particularly in that specific location in 1994 (Tutsi killed) and 1995 (Hutu killed).
Catholic Bishop Augustin Misago of Gikongoro, Rwanda approved public devotion linked to the apparitions on 15 August 1988 and declared their authenticity on 29 June 2001. In his declaration, the bishop singled out visions of the Virgin Mary by the three original visionaries as worthy of belief; but declined to declare as worthy of belief the purported visions of Jesus by four other visionaries due to "disquieting personal situations" in that case.

### Rwandan genocide

Kibeho church was the site of one of the early massacres of the Rwandan genocide; it is estimated that around 17,500 people were killed.

### Kibeho massacre

After the 1994 genocide, in which the Hutu killed an estimated 5,000–6,000 Tutsi in Kibeho, it became the site of an internally displaced person refugee camp, with many of the Hutu refugees suspected of having participated in the genocide. The camp was the largest in Rwanda, spreading 9 km$^2$ (3.5 sq mi) and containing between 80,000 and 100,000 people. In mid-April 1995, elements of the Tutsi, led Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), announced they would close the camp, with the aim of forcibly separating known Génocidaires from those who would be sent home. As the camp was closed, tensions mounted and RPA troops opened fire on some of the remaining refugees.
There were no foreign troops or reporters in Kibeho in 1994. Photographer Sebastião Salgado visited the camp in the early months of 1995 and published around ten pictures in his book Migrations.
Australian and Zambian troops of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) and staff from International Aid Agencies witnessed the massacre.
Many of these were killed in the same school in which the apparitions had occurred; one of the children who reported the vision was even one of the victims. The local bishop recognized officially on 29 June 2001 three cases as authentic. The church Notre-Dame des Douleurs (Our Lady of Sorrows) was built in Kibeho, supported by Pallottines.
# Kaleva (Tampere)

Kaleva is an eastern part of the city of Tampere, Finland, located south of the Kauppi district. It is part of larger Sampo district. The population of Kaleva is approximately 10,000 (2005).
The most notable landmark is the Kaleva Church built between 1959 and 1966, and located in the Liisankallio district.
Kaleva has many educational institutions, the folk high school Sampola and vocational school of economics, two high schools (lukio); Kalevan lukio and Sammon keskuslukio, and two comprehensive schools. It's also the home of the biggest swimming hall in Tampere.
Most locals are students from Tampere University or pensioners. In 2007 Kaleva topped being the most poor part of the town.
One of the notable residents of Kaleva is Sanna Marin, the former Prime Minister of Finland.
# Fort Wayne Street Bridge

Fort Wayne Street Bridge, also known as the County Bridge #403 and Indiana Avenue Bridge, is a historic Pennsylvania truss bridge located at Goshen, Elkhart County, Indiana. It was built in 1896 by the Bellefontaine Bridge & Iron Co. and spans the Elkhart River. The bridge measures 180 feet long and has a 23-foot-wide roadway.$^{:5–6}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
# Erik Josefsson (ice hockey)

Erik Josefsson (born February 18, 1987) was a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He played with Växjö Lakers in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |
| SHL |||
| Le Mat Trophy (Växjö Lakers) | 2015, 2018, 2021, 2023 |
# Dee Brown (basketball, born 1968)

DeCovan Kadell "Dee" Brown (born November 29, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player who spent thirty years in the NBA including twelve seasons as a player (1990–2002) in the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing for the Boston Celtics, Toronto Raptors, and Orlando Magic, and as an executive with the Orlando Magic, Detroit Pistons, Sacramento Kings, and as Vice President of Holistic Player Performance with the Los Angeles Clippers. His daughter Lexie Brown plays for the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).

## Playing career

A 6'0" (1.83 m) guard from Jacksonville University, Brown was selected by the Celtics with the 19th pick of the 1990 NBA draft. He was a member of the NBA All-Rookie Team in his first year, when he played in all 82 games and averaged 8.7 points per game. One of the highlights of his career occurred in 1991, when he won the NBA Slam Dunk Contest with a no look slam dunk. He was a starter for Boston during the 1993–94 and 1994–95 seasons and posted his best scoring numbers, averaging more than 15 points per game each of those years. After seven and a half seasons with the Celtics, he was traded to the Raptors along with Chauncey Billups in 1998. Overall, during his career, he scored 6,758 total points.

## Television career

In 2005, Brown won a one-year contract as a studio analyst for ESPN as the winner of the reality show Dream Job, defeating five other former NBA players. He went on to host an ESPN show called City Slam!. He was good as an analyst.

## Coaching career

In 2005, Brown established EDGE Basketball, LLC with himself as CEO. The outfit specializes in training players from middle school up to the professional ranks.
Brown has coached in the Women's National Basketball Association, first as a head coach for the Orlando Miracle and then as the head coach for the San Antonio Silver Stars.
On July 29, 2009, Brown was named as the head coach of the Springfield Armor, a team in the NBA Development League. He also became the team's Director of Basketball Operations. In two seasons as coach of the Armor, the team finished with records of 7–43 (.140) and 13–37 (.260), for a total of 20–80 (.200).
In September 2011, Brown announced that he would be joining the Detroit Pistons as an assistant under Lawrence Frank.
On July 9, 2013, Brown joined the Sacramento Kings as an assistant coach and director of player development.
He joined the Los Angeles Clippers for the 2016–17 season and is now the general manager of their NBA G League team.
As of January 2022, Brown is the Director of University and Athletics Relations at his alma mater, Jacksonville University.
# Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)

Constantine Doukas or Ducas (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Δούκας, Kōnstantinos Doukas, c. 1074 – 12 August 1094) was Byzantine junior emperor from 1074 to 1078, and again from 1081 to 1087. He was born to Emperor Michael VII Doukas and Empress Maria of Alania in about 1074, and elevated to junior emperor probably in the same year. He was junior emperor until 1078, when Michael VII was replaced by Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Because Constantine was not made junior emperor under Nikephoros III, his betrothal to Olympias, the daughter of Robert Guiscard, was broken, which Robert Guiscard used as a pretext to invade the Byzantine Empire. John Doukas forced Nikephoros to abdicate in favor of Alexios I Komnenos in 1081, and shortly afterwards Alexios elevated Constantine to junior emperor. Constantine married Alexios's daughter Anna Komnene, and remained junior emperor until 1087, when Alexios had a son, John II Komnenos. Constantine died in c. 1095.

## Life

Constantine Doukas was born in about 1074 to Byzantine Emperor Michael VII and his wife Maria of Alania, as a porphyrogennetos, meaning he was born during his father's reign. Constantine was crowned co-emperor by his father shortly after his birth, and was betrothed to Olympias, the daughter of Robert Guiscard, the Norman duke of Apulia. This arrangement was cancelled after Michael abdicated in 1078, whereupon Maria and Constantine retired to the Monastery of Petrion. Maria married Nikephoros III Botaneiates, who seized power after Michael's abdication, at the urging of Michael's uncle John Doukas, but was unable to convince him to elevate Constantine to junior emperor, thereby breaking the betrothal. Robert Guiscard therefore launched an invasion of the Byzantine Empire, using the broken betrothal as a pretext.
In order to combat this invasion, Alexios I Komnenos was given a large force to repel the Norman army led by Guiscard. John Doukas, who had previously urged Nikephoros to seize power, conspired against Nikephoros, intending to overthrow him and replace him with Alexios. Nikephoros, unable to form an alliance with either the Seljuks or Nikephoros Melissenos, was forced to abdicate to Alexios in 1081. After Alexios ascended the throne in 1081, he elevated Constantine to junior emperor, and betrothed his daughter Anna Komnene to him in 1083, shortly after her birth. However, he was replaced as junior emperor and favored heir by Alexios' son, John II Komnenos, in 1087, shortly after his birth to Alexios and Irene Doukaina. Constantine died on 12 August 1094.

## In arts

Constantine Doukas is thought to be engraved on the Holy Crown of Hungary, which was given to Hungarian King Géza I of Hungary by Constantine's father Michael VII, depicted alongside King Geza I and Michael VII; although the figure may actually be Konstantios Doukas.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Constantine Doukas (co-emperor) :
# Crenvurșt

Crenvurșt is a Romanian sausage, similar to American hot dog made with beef's meat and bacon finely chopped, placed in sheep's intestines and often served by pair.
The word Crenvurșt comes from German Krenwürstchen.
# Duygu Özaslan

Duygu Özaslan Mutaf (born Duygu Özaslan, 17 April 1991) is a Turkish beauty YouTuber and Internet celebrity. Özaslan is a dropout of the faculty of Spanish Language and Literature in Istanbul University. She generally publishes makeup videos, but over time, her style of content has diversified to include vlogs and lifestyle videos.

## Reception

In a 2017 study, it was reported that the followers of Duygu Özaslan consisted of three main groups: "fans", "haters" and "righteous ones". In a study conducted with 242 people in 2018, it was found that Duygu Özaslan is the most followed beauty vlogger after Danla Bilic and Çağla Şıkel. 12.4% of the participants stated that they followed Duygu Özaslan. As of July 2020, Özaslan has more than 1.45 million subscribers on YouTube.
In a study related to product placement studies on YouTube channels, the videos that Özaslan uploaded on her YouTube channel between 1 June 2017 and 20 February 2018 were analyzed and it was found that the viewers were interested in Duygu Özaslan and the shooting quality of the videos rather than advertisement.

### Criticism

Özaslan received criticism by social media users in July 2020, after photographs taken of her in a bikini by the paparazzi and shown in the press turned out to be different from those she had published on her Instagram account. Özaslan explained that she had bulimia nervosa, which had affected her eating habits and weight, and added that she was in treatment.