# Daxing, Beijing

Daxing District (Chinese: 大兴区; pinyin: Dàxīng Qū) is a district of Beijing, covering the southern suburbs of the city. It borders the Beijing districts of Tongzhou to the east/northeast, Fangshan to the west, Fengtai to the northwest, Chaoyang to the northeast, and the Hebei province to the south.

## History

The Daxing Massacre of August 27-31, 1966 during the Cultural Revolution resulted in the deaths of at least 325 people, ranging in age from 38 days to 80 years.
Daxing District was upgraded from a county to a district with the approval from the State Council on April 30, 2001. Covering an area of 1,012 square kilometres (391 sq mi) with a population of 671,444, Panggezhuang in Daxing is famous for its watermelons.

## Administrative divisions

In 2021, there are 8 subdistricts, 14 towns with 5 towns of which carry the "area" (地区) label in the district, and 4 analogous township-level units:
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2020) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Xingfeng Subdistrict | 兴丰街道 | Xìngfēng Jiēdào | 79,851 | 9.66 |
| Linxiao Road Subdistrict | 林校路街道 | Línxiàolù Jiēdào | 81.389 | 12.65 |
| Qingyuan Subdistrict | 清源街道 | Qīngyuán Jiēdào | 147,810 | 5.58 |
| Guanyinsi Subdistrict | 观音寺街道 | Guānyīnsì Jiēdào | 111,225 | 16.40 |
| Tiangongyuan Subdistrict | 天宫院街道 | Tiāngōngyuàn Jiēdào | 87,415 | 33.30 |
| Gaomidian Subdistrict | 高米店街道 | Gāomǐdiàn Jiēdào | 99,959 | 5.59 |
| Yizhuang (town) Area | 亦庄(镇)地区 | Yìzhuāng (Zhèn) Dìqū | 108,255 | 39.63 |
| Ronghua Subdistrict | 荣华街道 | Rónghuá Jiēdào | 108,255 | 39.63 |
| Boxing Subdistrict | 博兴街道 | Bóxīng Jiēdào | 108,255 | 39.63 |
| Huangcun (town) Area | 黄村(镇)地区 | Huángcūn (Zhèn) Dìqū | 176,890 | 35.00 |
| Jiugong (town) Area | 旧宫(镇)地区 | Jiùgōng (Zhèn) Dìqū | 189,300 | 29.73 |
| Xihongmen (town) Area | 西红门(镇)地区 | Xīhóngmén (Zhèn) Dìqū | 179,974 | 31.20 |
| Yinghai (town) Area | 瀛海(镇)地区 | Yínghǎi (Zhèn) Dìqū | 102,463 | 36.79 |
| Qingyundian town | 青云店镇 | Qīngyúndiàn Zhèn | 69,612 | 70.00 |
| Caiyu town | 采育镇 | Cǎiyù Zhèn | 54,690 | 71.6 |
| Anding town | 安定镇 | Āndìng Zhèn | 30,764 | 78.00 |
| Lixian town | 礼贤镇 | Lǐxián Zhèn | 40,930 | 92.06 |
| Yufa town | 榆垡镇 | Yúfá Zhèn | 71,812 | 136.00 |
| Panggezhuang town | 庞各庄镇 | Pánggèzhuāng Zhèn | 74,912 | 109.30 |
| Beizangcun town | 北臧村镇 | Běizāngcūn Zhèn | 35,391 | 60.00 |
| Weishanzhuang town | 魏善庄镇 | Wèishànzhuāng Zhèn | 46,661 | 81.5 |
| Zhangziying town | 长子营镇 | Zhǎngzǐyíng Zhèn | 34,588 | 63.00 |
| Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area | 北京经济技术开发区 | Běijīng Jīngjì Jìshù Kāifāqū | 148,145 | 46.80 |
| Biomedical Industry Base | 生物医药产业基地 | Shēngwù Yīyào Chǎnyè Jīdì | 10,201 | 6.83 |
| National New Media Industry Base | 国家新媒体产业基地 | Guójiā Xīnméitǐ Chǎnyè Jīdì | 9,827 | 3.74 |
| Daxing International Airport | 大兴国际机场 | Dàxīng guójì jīcháng | 1,527 | N/A |

## Culture

Located in the south of Beijing, the area is not as affluent as those that most visitors to Beijing are familiar with, such as Xidan and Guomao. Much of the industry in Daxing is related to distribution of food and consumer goods to service Beijing. There are many self-built communities casually created by the residents themselves, mostly of whom have moved in from the countryside.

## Government and infrastructure

The Beijing Municipal Administration of Prisons operates the following correctional facilities in the district:
* Beijing Municipal Prison
* Beijing Women's Prison

## Economy

Additionally Okay Airways, and Xiabu Xiabu have their headquarters in Daxing District.

## Education

There are two major universities located in Daxing District, the Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology and the Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication. Both of them are headquartered in Qingyuan Subdistrict (清源), and have its branch in Kangzhuang (康庄). Qingyuan and Kangzhuang are planned as a university town in Daxing District. The Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing is also located in the district.
The National Seminary of Catholic Church in China is in Daxing District.

## Transportation

It was decided in 2009 that Daxing would be the location of the Beijing Daxing International Airport. It was constructed in the southern part of Daxing District of Beijing and along the border of Beijing and Hebei Province. The airport was opened in September 2019.

### Metro

Daxing is currently served by five metro lines of the Beijing Subway:
* Line 8 - Wufutang, Demao, Yinghai
* Daxing line (through operation to Line 4) - Xihongmen, Gaomidian North, Gaomidian South, Zaoyuan, Qingyuanlu, Huangcun Xidajie, Huangcun Railway Station, Yihezhuang, Biomedical Base, Tiangongyuan
* Yizhuang line - Jiugong, Yizhuangqiao, Yizhuang Culture Park, Wanyuanjie, Rongjingdongjie, Rongchangdongjie Yizhuang T1
* Daxing Airport Express - Daxing Xincheng
* Yizhuang T1 line - Quzhuang, Rongxing Jie, Ruihezhuang, Taiheqiaobei, Sihaizhuang, Jiuhaocun, Taihe Lu, Lujuandong, Yizhuang Tongren, Rongchang Dongjie Yizhuang , Beijing Etrong Int'l Exhibition & Convention Center

## Climate

Daxing has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Daxing is 12.9 °C (55.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 533.5 mm (21.00 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 26.8 °C (80.2 °F), and lowest in January, at around −3.2 °C (26.2 °F).
Climate data for Daxing District, elevation 38 m (125 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 29.8 (85.6) | 33.5 (92.3) | 38.7 (101.7) | 40.2 (104.4) | 41.4 (106.5) | 36.2 (97.2) | 35.3 (95.5) | 30.5 (86.9) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 6.2 (43.2) | 13.3 (55.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 27.2 (81.0) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 26.5 (79.7) | 19.4 (66.9) | 10.3 (50.5) | 3.7 (38.7) | 18.6 (65.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) | 0.3 (32.5) | 7.3 (45.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.8 (80.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 13.2 (55.8) | 4.7 (40.5) | −1.5 (29.3) | 12.9 (55.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) | −4.7 (23.5) | 1.5 (34.7) | 8.6 (47.5) | 14.5 (58.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.5 (72.5) | 21.4 (70.5) | 15.5 (59.9) | 7.9 (46.2) | 0.0 (32.0) | −5.7 (21.7) | 7.8 (46.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.6 (−3.3) | −17.8 (0.0) | −11.3 (11.7) | −2.2 (28.0) | 4.1 (39.4) | 10.3 (50.5) | 14.8 (58.6) | 13.4 (56.1) | 4.0 (39.2) | −4.2 (24.4) | −11.4 (11.5) | −16.5 (2.3) | −19.6 (−3.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.1 (0.08) | 5.8 (0.23) | 8.3 (0.33) | 22.3 (0.88) | 36.3 (1.43) | 71.0 (2.80) | 171.5 (6.75) | 109.3 (4.30) | 62.2 (2.45) | 29.3 (1.15) | 13.4 (0.53) | 2.0 (0.08) | 533.5 (21.01) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.4 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 10.1 | 7.1 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 65.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 10 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 48 | 45 | 42 | 45 | 50 | 61 | 73 | 75 | 69 | 63 | 58 | 50 | 57 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 179.3 | 181.7 | 224.2 | 236.5 | 263.0 | 219.1 | 186.9 | 199.5 | 201.6 | 190.6 | 161.3 | 166.4 | 2,410.1 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 59 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 49 | 41 | 48 | 55 | 56 | 54 | 57 | 55 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
New record: On May 1, 2021, the meteorological station of Daxing District observed the lowest temperature of 1.8°C.