OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lucia Sivilotti

Lucia Giulia Sivilotti holds the A.J. Clark Chair of Pharmacology at University College London. Her work is aimed at understanding the functioning of receptors that mediate fast synaptic transmission, and focuses on two classes of ion channels in the nicotinic superfamily, nicotinic and glycine receptors.

## Early life and education

Professor Sivilotti graduated in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from the University of Ferrara in Italy . After graduate work in Ferrara and Milan on the modulation of transmitter release in the CNS, she was awarded travelling fellowships by the Royal Society and the Italian Ministry of Education to work at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College in London. This project led to the description of what is now called the GABA$_C$ receptor and the award of a PhD in 1988. After a career break for family reasons, she undertook postdoctoral work at UCL, first with Clifford J. Woolf in the Anatomy Department, then with David Colquhoun in Pharmacology. In 1997 she joined The School of Pharmacy as a lecturer in Pharmacology, before moving back to UCL in 2003. She became a Professor of Pharmacology in 2008. [1]

## Scientific work

Sivilotti uses electrophysiological methods to assess receptor function, combined with molecular biology methods to alter receptor structure. In addition she collaborates with crystallographers and molecular dynamicists to complement the functional work. [1]
Her lab specialises in recording single ion channel activity and analysing it by the fitting of activation mechanisms. Mechanisms specify the number of conformations in which the channel-receptor protein can exist, the number of ligand molecules bound, and the connections between the states. Fitting them to the data allows the estimation of rate and equilibrium constants for transition between states.
In 2004, Sivilotti et al. produced evidence that the glycine receptor had a short-lived shut conformation (dubbed the "flipped" conformation) that had a higher affinity for glycine than the resting conformation, and was a necessary precursor to the opening of the channel,. In 2008, her group showed that partial agonists were partial because of their limited ability to generate this flipped conformation,. The channel opening and shutting rates were similar for all agonists, contrary to what had been thought for 50 years
A list of Sivilotti's scientific publications can be found on the UCL site, in Google Scholar, and on her web site, OneMol.org.uk

## Recognition
### Editorial positions

2014. Austrian Science Fund Panel, Vienna, Austria.
2010. Austrian Science Fund Panel, Vienna, Austria.
2000-2004. Editorial Board of the British Journal of Pharmacology.
2015 onwards. Advisory Editorial Board of the Journal of General Physiology (USA)
2018 onwards Board of Reviewing Editors of Science

### Named lecture

2014 Gary Price Memorial Lecture, British Pharmacological Society meeting, London
2018 Fabio Ruzzier Memorial Lecture, Societa' Italiana di Fisiologia, Florence

### Other recognition (current)

Trustee and council member of the Physiological Society (2012-2016)
# Lapule Tamean

Lapule Tamean (born 17 September 1962) is a Papua New Guinean sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# 14A

14A may refer to:
* Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
* New York State Route 14A
* Delaware Route 14A
* 14A, part of Connecticut Route 14
* 14A, a Canadian motion picture rating outside Quebec
# Seventh Art Releasing

Seventh Art Releasing (also known as 7th Art Releasing) is an American entertainment company and film distributor founded in 1994 by Udy Epstein and Jonathan Cordish. The company specializes in the release and sale of documentaries and independent films through traditional and modern outlets including theatrical and non-theatrical distribution, film festivals, cable and television, home video, and video-on-demand.

## Releases

The company is known for distributing award-winning documentaries and fiction films, having a catalog of over 500 films, many dealing with Jewish culture, lesbian and gay issues, world affairs, human rights, music, and popular culture. Seventh Art Releasing has also provided worked with companies including HBO, MGM, PBS, Discovery Channel, A&E, Virgin Records, and Universal Music Group to provide press, event, and release services.

## Recognition

Several titles released by the company have been nominated for Academy Awards and Emmys, such films including Transit, Balseros, Chau, Beyond the Lines, 50 Children: The Rescue Mission of Mr. and Mrs. Kraus, Incident in New Baghdad, and Long Night's Journey into Day. Other films, such as 45365, The Aggressives, Love During Wartime, Word Wars, Portrait of Wally, and Under Great White Northern Lights have premiered at Sundance Film Festival, South by Southwest, and Tribeca Film Festival.
# Alpujarra station

Alpujarra is the twelfth station on Medellín Metro from north to south. It is located in the center of the municipality of Medellín and is adjacent to La Alpujarra Administrative Center, which it is named after. Alpujarra is also located near the Barefoot Park, the Medellín Metropolitan Theatre, the Interactive Museum EPM, and Plaza Cisneros. The station was opened on 30 November 1995 as part of the inaugural section of Line A, from Niquía to Poblado.
The station is adjacent to the San Juan Avenue, a road that crosses the city from east to west central downtown and that provides easy access from Buenos Aires to the east with La Américan to the west. It is also on Bolívar Avenue, leading from downtown to the South Highway that goes to the southwest of Colombia.
# Hinata Kashiwagi

Hinata Kashiwagi (柏木 ひなた, Kashiwagi Hinata, born March 29, 1999) is a Japanese singer, and a former member of the female idol group Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku.

## Discography

    See Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku, § "Discography" for releases with Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku.

### Albums

* 1/24 (Scheduled for March 27, 2024)

### EP's

* Kokokara. (Released July 12, 2023)
* piece of me (Released December 6, 2023)

### Singles

* From Bow To Toe (Released June 28, 2023)
* Santa Santa Santa (Released November 15, 2023)
* Unhappy Sky (Released April 24, 2024)
* Watashi (Released July 31, 2024)
* Alca (Released November 13, 2024)

## Filmography
### TV dramas

* Vampire Heaven (2013, TV Tokyo) — Episodes 2, 6
* Saturday Drama 24 (土曜ドラマ24) Sennyū Keiji Idol — Deka Dance (潜入捜査アイドル・刑事ダンス) (October 29, 2016, TV Tokyo)
* Village Vanguard! (2019, TV Nagoya) — Yuki Iwase
* Village Vanguard! 2 ~7nin no Osamurai-hen~ — Yuki Iwase

### Movies

* Nannara Kimi to Tōku made (なんなら君と遠くまで) (March 24, 2012, short film)
* Idainaru, Shurarabon (偉大なる、しゅららぼん) (March 8, 2014, Toei) — Shione Natsume
* Nōshō Sakuretsu Girl (脳漿炸裂ガール) (2015) — main heroine
* Little Subculture Wars ~Village Vanguard no Gyakushū~ (October 23, 2020) — Yuki Iwase

### Theatre

* Onmyoji (July 2017) — Mitsumushi
* Song to the Sun: Midnight Sun (タイヨウのうた ～Midnight Sun～) (September 2018 – October 2018) — Kaoru Amane
* ELF The Musical (November 2020) — Jovie
# Sitona lepidus

Sitona lepidus or clover root weevil is a species of weevil found in Europe. It has now spread to North America and New Zealand.
S. lepidus was found in New Zealand pastures in 1996 and poses a threat to farm productivity since it damages the clover plant. The use of the parasitic wasp Microctonus aethiopoides as a biological control is under way in Southland, New Zealand.
# Tiberius Sempronius Longus (consul 194 BC)

Tiberius Sempronius Longus was a statesman and general of the Roman Republic. He was praetor assigned to Sardinia in 196 BC, consul in 194 BC, and a contemporary of Scipio Africanus. He was the son of Tiberius Sempronius Longus who commanded Roman legions during the Second Punic War and was the consular colleague of Scipio Africanus’ father.
During his time as consul, Tiberius oversaw the Roman colonization of Puteoli, Volturnum, Liternum, Salernum and Buxentum.
During the colonization of Gaul, his legions came under siege by the Boii, who surrounded their encampment. Tiberius ordered his troops to hold, anticipating reinforcements, but the Boii attacked after three days of waiting. The exits of the fort were so packed with enemy soldiers that the Romans were unable to get out, and by the time they fought their way to open ground, Gauls had broken through the defenses in two other places. As many as 5,000 Romans were killed before the Boii were finally repelled.
Tiberius settled in Placentia, in Cisalpine Gaul, at the end of his consulship, and little is written about him after that time. When an army of Ligurians menaced the city in 193 BC, Tiberius sent a dispatch to Rome requesting troops, and an army of veterans who had served under him against the Boii was raised and sent to Gaul in his defense.
# Louis Eisenberg

Louis R. Eisenberg (born 1876 – died ?) was a Ukrainian-American chess master.
He was born in Odesa in 1876. After graduating from Nicholas College, he pursued journalism until, in 1901-1902, he won a chess tournament at Odesa 1901, and journeyed to Monte Carlo to participate in the international masters’ tournament played there under the auspices of the Cercle des Etrangers in 1902. He gave quick coverage of this tournament in Odesskiya Novosti. Eisenberg took 18th place, although his victory on this occasion over Harry Nelson Pillsbury was his best effort. The event was won by Géza Maróczy.
Coming from within a few hours ride of Kishinev, after anti-Semitic Kishinev pogrom on 6–7 April 1903, he had decided to emigrate to the United States. The August 16, 1903 New York Tribune wrote that "Louis R. Eisenberg (..) who recently played for Chicago in the telegraphic match against the Brooklyn Chess Club has made Pittsburg his home." He also played in matches Chicago CC vs. Twin Cities CC in 1904, and Brooklyn CC vs. Rice CC New York in 1909.
Eisenberg shared 5th at St. Louis 1904 (the 7th American Chess Congress, Frank James Marshall won). He participated in the New York State Chess Association championship in 1909, finishing in a three-way tie for first with Clarence S. Howell and H. Zirn. The three had a playoff and Howell won. This and a game against José Raúl Capablanca which was played in New York City indicate that Eisenberg was probably living there in 1909.
# Standard H-2

The Standard H-2 was an early American Army reconnaissance aircraft, ordered in 1916. The H-2 was built by the Standard Aircraft Corporation, and previously known as the Sloane H-2. It was an open-cockpit three-place tractor biplane, powered by a 125 hp (90 kW) Hall-Scott A-5 engine. Only three were built.
An improved version, the H-3, with the same engine, earned an order for nine aircraft, while the Navy ordered three with floats as the H-4H.
Two Standard H-3s were sold by the US Army to Japan, where a further three were built by the Provisional Military Balloon Research Association (PMBRA) in 1917, powered by 150 hp (110 kW) Hall-Scott L-4 engines. They were used as trainers between May 1917 and March 1918, although they were considered dangerous.

## Operators
### Japan

* Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

### United States

* United States Army
* United States Navy

## Specifications (H-3)

Data from Course in Aerodynamics and Airplane Design: Part II–Section 1
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 27 ft 0 in (8.23 m)
* Wingspan: 40 ft 1 in (12.22 m)
* Wing area: 532 sq ft (49.4 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 2,500 lb (1,134 kg)
* Gross weight: 3,300 lb (1,497 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 68 US gal (57 imp gal; 260 L)
* Powerplant: 1 × Hall-Scott A-5 straight-6, 135 hp (101 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 84 mph (135 km/h, 73 kn)
* Stall speed: 46 mph (74 km/h, 40 kn)
* Endurance: 6 hr
* Time to altitude: 10 minutes to 3,400 ft (1,000 m)
# MaRisk

MaRisk is an acronym referring to the minimum requirements for risk management (German: Mindestanforderungen an das Risikomanagement), a circular by the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, BaFin) providing concepts for risk management of banks, insurances and other companies financially trading in Germany. The primary legal background for MaRisk is the Kreditwesengesetz (KWG), the secondary legal background is the Solvabilitätsverordnung SolvV.
MaRisk implements the qualitative requirements of Basel II and Basel III into German law. Strictly speaking, MaRisk is not a law, but a norm-interpreting administrative regulation (German: normeninterpretierende Verwaltungsvorschrift), nevertheless it is de facto binding for all financial institutes and insurance companies with business in Germany.

## Details

One core principle of MaRisk is that the risk control department has to be set up to be organisationally independent from those departments performing business transactions. This separation should prevail throughout the organisation up to and including the management board.

## Related

* The primary legal background for MaRisk is the Kreditwesengesetz (KWG).
* The KonTraG (German: Gesetz zur Kontrolle und Transparenz im Unternehmensbereich, i.e. law for control and transparency for businesses) is another legal requirement to be fulfilled by companies financially trading in Germany.
* The Sarbanes–Oxley Act can be seen as the US equivalent of MaRisk.
# Loveland, Washington

Loveland, Washington is a community located northeast of the current city of Roy, Washington.
# Innes (crater)

Innes is a lunar impact crater on the Moon's far side. It is located less than a crater diameter to the east-southeast of the prominent crater Seyfert. To the southeast of Innes is the crater Meggers, and to the west-southwest lies Polzunov.
This crater has not been significantly worn due to impact erosion, and the features remain well-defined. The shape is roughly circular with a slight outward bulge along the western edge. The inner walls have slumped somewhat, and some slight terracing has occurred. The interior floor is relatively featureless, and is marked only by a few tiny craterlets.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Innes.
| Innes | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| G | 26.7° N | 122.3° E | 22 km |
| S | 27.6° N | 117.3° E | 33 km |
| Z | 29.8° N | 119.2° E | 33 km |
# Lirabuccinum dirum

Lirabuccinum dirum, commonly known as the dire whelk, the spindle shell or the spindle whelk, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tudiclidae, the true whelks.
It used to be known as Searlesia dira and Buccinum dirum before being transferred to the genus Lirabuccinum.

## Taxonomy and nomenclature

The dire whelk was first described by Lovell Augustus Reeve in 1846 as Buccinum dirum. In the early 20th century, William Healey Dall would come to the conclusion that the species belong to a genus up until then known only from the Atlantic fossil record, Searlesia. This remained the status quo for most of the century, with more living species from both the Atlantic and Pacific added to Searlesia until 1991, when Geerat J. Vermeij split the Pacific species into a separate genus Lirabuccinum with B. dirum as its type.

## Description

L. dirum is a medium-sized, elongated whelk with a strong heavy shell, growing to a length of 45 mm (1.8 in). There are four or five whorls separated by shallow grooves, and several rounded axial ribs, mainly on the spire. The first whorl of the shell (and the second whorl in young individuals) is sculptured with many narrow, evenly-spaced spiral ridges, which are also visible on the inside of the outer margin of the aperture. The aperture is an elongated oval-shape and can be closed with a horny operculum. There is a short siphonal canal to accommodate the siphon, and a polished columella with no folds. This snail is usually grey or brownish-grey, but is occasionally orangish.

## Distribution and habitat

This whelk is found in shallow waters in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from the Chirikof Island in Alaska to Monterey Bay in central California. It is particularly common in British Columbia, Washington state and Oregon, but uncommon in California. It is found intertidally on rocky shores and in the shallow subtidal zone, and is found down to about 35 m (115 ft) on the Cobb Seamount. As well as occurring on rocks, it is sometimes found on gravel or mud close to the foot of rocks in bays.

## Ecology

L. dirum is a predator and scavenger. It feeds on winkles, limpets, mussels, barnacles, chitons, worms and other invertebrates. It seems to specialise on dead or injured prey, and does not seem able to drill into intact shells in the way that many whelks do. When living intertidally it is subject to variations in salinity, and is particularly tolerant of low salinities. In fact it seeks out low salinity environments where other less tolerant organisms are stressed. It also consumes carrion, and extends its proboscis to feed on tubeworms inside their tubes or to share the prey being digested by the everted stomach of the ochre sea star.
# Linslade Urban District

51°55′27″N 0°40′39″W﻿ / ﻿51.9243°N 0.6774°W﻿ / 51.9243; -0.6774
Linslade was an urban district in the administrative county of Buckinghamshire, England from 1897 to 1965.

## Origins

When parish and district councils were established in December 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894, the parish of Linslade was included in the Linslade Rural District, created from the parts of the Leighton Buzzard Rural Sanitary District and Berkhamsted Rural Sanitary District which were in Buckinghamshire. Shortly after the new districts were established, the process began for making the parish of Linslade its own urban district, which came into effect on 1 October 1897. With Linslade being removed from the rural district which bore its name, the Linslade Rural District was renamed at the same time, becoming instead Wing Rural District.
The short-lived Linslade Parish Council was therefore replaced by Linslade Urban District Council, which held its first meeting on 2 October 1897. Henry Finch was appointed the first chairman of the council, having previously been the chairman of the parish council.

## Premises

Until 1899 the Linslade Urban District Council met at the Stoke Road Board School, as the parish council had done. In 1899 the council rented some rooms at a house called "Gartlet" at 14 Leighton Road to act as their offices and meeting place. The rest of the building was the home and offices of the council's clerk, Robert John Platten.
In 1912 the council moved its offices and meeting place a few doors down the street to 6 Leighton Road, which had previously been an architect's office. In 1929 the building at 6 Leighton Road was extended so that it could also serve as the headquarters of Eaton Bray Rural District and Wing Rural District. Eaton Bray Rural District Council was abolished in 1933, and Wing Rural District Council moved next door to 8 Leighton Road in 1951. Linslade Urban District Council remained based at 6 Leighton Road until its abolition in 1965.

## Abolition

As part of a county boundary change in 1965 the parish and urban district of Linslade was abolished, merging with Leighton Buzzard Urban District in Bedfordshire to form a parish and urban district called Leighton-Linslade, which was placed in Bedfordshire. A small portion (19 acres) of the former Linslade parish was transferred to the parish of Soulbury in Wing Rural District, and so stayed in Buckinghamshire.
# Siton Undae

Siton Undae is one of the largest and densest dune fields in the vicinity of Planum Boreum, the Martian northern polar ice-cap. It is named after one of the classical albedo features on Mars. Its name was officially approved by IAU on 20 March 2007. It extends from latitude 73.79°N to 77.5°N and from longitude 291.38°E to 301.4°E (43.98°W – 57.08°W). Its centre is located at latitude 75.55°N, longitude 297.28E (62.72°W), and has a diameter of 222.97 kilometres (138.55 mi).
Siton Undae is part of a cluster of sand-seas (undae), which along with Hyperboreae, and Abalos Undae, overlay the lowlands of Vastitas Borealis. Siton Undae superposes the deepest basin of the northern region of Mars and contains amorphous silica-coated glass-rich dunes. It is theorised that the formation of Siton Undae may have occurred during early erosion incidents of the Planum Boreum cavi unit, and that Rupes Tenuis may also have been a sand source, although it is now depleted. Other dune fields sharing the same formation history include Olympia and Aspledon Undae.
Siton Undae is the southernmost of the densest northern circumpolar dune fields and its presence indicates effective sand transport and accumulation from sand sources to the north and west. Siton Undae, along with Abalos, and Hyperboreae Undae, is also a tributary to less dense dune fields that continue all the way to the Martian prime meridian.

## Dune characteristics

Spectral analysis of the dunes of the circumpolar ergs, including Siton Undae, using the OMEGA instrument on board the European Mars Express orbiter, indicates that 80 to 90 percent of these sands are composed of volcanic glass produced by eruptions of volcanoes situated in Martian glaciers. These ratios of glass and crystalline material are similar to those obtained in Iceland from eruptions of volcanoes below the ice. It is also theorised that significant amounts of granular glass may have been transferred to Vastitas Borealis, and Siton Undae, by catastrophic floods originating from Chryse Planitia, Valles Marineris, Juventae Chasma, and the southern Acidalia region of Mars.
The dunes of Siton Undae contain amorphous silica-coated glass-rich sand. The lack of evidence for the presence of volcanoes in the region of Planum Boreum, as well as the absence of evidence of any large-scale melt deposits due to crater impact, suggests that these silica-coated deposits may have formed by alteration of the basaltic sands through acidic action. Further, it is theorised that acidic alteration of glassy deposits may have been a common conversion mechanism on Mars, especially at high latitudes.

## Images from THEMIS

* Dunes of Siton Undae from NASA's Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)
* Siton Undae close up from NASA's Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)
# Tibersyrnola bacillum

Tibersyrnola bacillum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 5.5 mm and 12 mm. The slender shell has a rod-like shape. It has a particular type of coloration. It is marbled reddish-brown and white, with a narrow band of alternate brown and white spots revolving midway between sutures and on the middle of the upper surface of the body whorl, which has a white peripheral belt. This coloring is sometimes very faint. The whorl of the protoconch stands obliquely on edge, the very short spire inclined downward. The 12½ or 13 subsequent whorls of the teleoconch are flat, and separated by deeply cut sutures. They are sculptured with faint growth lines and an impressed line revolving below the suture. Some very faint spirals show elsewhere in certain lights. The periphery is rounded. The base of the shell is convex and subperforate. The aperture is small and narrowly ovate. The columella bears a single strong fold.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Japan and the Philippines.