OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank Hill (scientist)

Frank Hill (born July 31, 1951) is an American astrophysicist who works at the National Solar Observatory. He was formerly its associate director, and currently serves as the Global Oscillations Network Group program manager.

## Research on the sunspot cycle

In 2011, Hill's research, which had used helioseismography to monitor streams below the surface of the Sun, attracted considerable media attention. Although such streams tend to be the "spawning ground" for sunspots, and they had been expected to begin forming in 2008, the study found that these new streams had yet to form. The study in question therefore suggested that the sunspot cycle was going to take longer than expected to reach its next peak, or, according to Hill, might not happen at all. Although Hill and his colleagues refused to discuss the possible effects this weaker solar cycle would have on climate, this was reported on by some media, including the Global Warming Policy Foundation, as evidence that a "mini ice age" was imminent. Hill responded to these reports by telling Reuters that "We have not predicted a Little Ice Age," but rather that "We have predicted something going on with the Sun." In an NSO press release, Hill added that "In my opinion, it is a huge leap from that to an abrupt global cooling, since the connections between solar activity and climate are still very poorly understood. My understanding is that current calculations suggest only a 0.3 degree C decrease from a Maunder-like minimum, too small for an ice age."
# Frank Hill (Medal of Honor)

Frank Hill (born August 13, 1864) was a private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish–American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery.

## Biography

Hill was born August 13, 1864, in Hartford, Connecticut. He joined the Marine Corps from Portsmouth, Virginia in September 1896, and was honorably discharged in October 1901. Hill later joined the Army, and was discharged for disability in 1903 at Benicia, California.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 13 August 1864, Hartford, Conn. Accredited to: Connecticut. G.O. No.: 521, 7 July 1899.
Citation:
   On board the U.S.S. Nashville during the operation of cutting the cable leading from Cienfuegos, Cuba, 11 May 1898. Facing the heavy fire of the enemy, Hill displayed extraordinary bravery and coolness throughout this action.
# Snelgrove, Ontario

Snelgrove is a former hamlet in Brampton, Ontario, Canada, straddling the border between Brampton and Caledon, and centred on the intersection of Hurontario Street and Mayfield Road. It was known as Edmonton in the 1800s after the home town of local settlers.
The area's boundary creates a deviation in the Brampton/Caledon boundary, which is otherwise bisected by Mayfield Road, to include the entire community within Brampton, which was done when Chinguacousy Township was abolished and split between Brampton and Caledon in 1974. The western end is located at the Orangeville Brampton Railway railway tracks west of Robertson Davies Drive, northern end just north of Collingwood Road / Highwood Road, eastern end just east of Etobicoke Creek. Previously known as Edmonton, it was renamed in the 1880s by Canadian Pacific Railway to avoid confusion with another CPR stop in what is now Edmonton, Alberta. The area's name is linked to the local Snell family (led by John Snell and brothers who settled in Chinguacousy Township in 1838).
When Hurricane Hazel struck Ontario in 1954, Snelgrove received the most rainfall of any Canadian location, with 214 mm (8.4 in) of rain.
Highway 410 has been extended to a new terminus in Snelgrove, at Hurontario Street, which becomes Highway 10 after the 410 merges with it, about 1 km north of Mayfield Road.
Among others, businesses in Snelgrove include a Shoppers Drug Mart, Sobeys, and Tim Hortons.
The Canadian Pacific Railway (previously Credit Valley Railway) line from Streetsville to Owen Sound passed through Snelgrove, and there was a station for passenger trains. Today all that is left of the site is a few railway sidings that shortline operator Orangeville Brampton Railway occasionally uses.
# So Pure (disambiguation)

"So Pure" is a song by Alanis Morissette from her album Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie. The term may also refer to:
* "So Pure" (Baby D song)
* "So Pure", a song by the 3rd and the Mortal from the album In This Room
# IBM System/370 Model 135

The IBM System/370 Model 135 was announced March 8, 1971, the only 370 introduced that year. The 135 was IBM's fifth System 370, and it was withdrawn October 16, 1979.

## Special features

Although microcode was not a uniquely new feature at the time of the 135's introduction, having been used in most System/360 models and in most System/370 models introduced so far, the ability to upgrade a system's microcode without changing hardware, by storing the microcode in read-write memory rather than read-only memory, was not common at that time.
The read-write memory containing the firmware was loaded from a "reading device located in the Model 135 console"; this allowed updates and adding features to the Model 135's microcode. The "reading device" was a built-in (read-only) floppy disk drive. The 145, introduced the prior year, also had this feature.

## Optional features

The Model 135 was the last of the 370s to be introduced without Virtual memory. Four of the five could be upgraded. Unlike the 155 & 165, which required an expensive hardware upgrade to add a DAT box (Dynamic Address Translation), the 135 & 145 could obtain their virtual memory upgrades from a floppy disk.
Microcode upgrades were also available to add "user-selected options such as
* extended precision arithmetic or
* emulation of the IBM 1400 series."
An upgraded Model 135 was termed a 370/135-3
Customers of the 370/135 had a choice of four main memory sizes, ranging from 96K to 256K.

## Other

* The 370/135 was introduced as running "under either OS or DOS. Newer versions thereof (DOS/VS and OS/VS1) and Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) subsequently became available options once the 135's microcode was upgraded to support virtual memory. This was priced at $120,000 and came with "increased reloadable control store in addition to some power units." The upgrade could be done "in the field" and the resultant system was now deemed a 370/135-3.
* The 135 was "partly developed at Hursley, UK."

### Images

* System/370 Model 135 operator's console
* 370/135 with some peripherals
# Senator McLean

Senator McLean may refer to:
* George P. McLean (1857–1932), U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1911 to 1929
* John McLean (Illinois politician) (1791–1830), U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1924 to 1925 and again from 1929 to 1930
* John McLean Jr. (1793–1858), New York State Senate
# Abacetus mareei

Abacetus mareei is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Straneo in 1951.
# Lost in the Translation

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Down Beat | |
Lost in the Translation is an album by American composer Bill Laswell, issued under the moniker Axiom Ambient. It was released on November 8, 1994, by Axiom.

## Personnel

Adapted from the Lost in the Translation liner notes. Musicians
* Tetsu Inoue – effects ("Ruins")
* Bill Laswell – effects, producer
* The Orb – effects ("Aum")
* Terre Thaemlitz – effects ("Eternal Drift")
Technical
* Layng Martine – assistant engineer
* Robert Musso – engineering
* Shinro Ohtake – cover art

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1994 | Axiom | CD, LP | 314-524 053 |
# List of moths of Australia (Nepticulidae)

This is a list of the Australian moth species of the family Nepticulidae. It also acts as an index to the species articles and forms part of the full List of moths of Australia.

## Pectinivalvinae

* Pectinivalva acmenae Hoare, 2013
* Pectinivalva anazona (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva brevipalpa Hoare, 2013
* Pectinivalva caenodora (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva chalcitis (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva commoni Scoble, 1983
* Pectinivalva endocapna (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva funeralis (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva gilva (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva libera (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva melanotis (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva minotaurus Hoare, 2013
* Pectinivalva mystaconota Hoare, 2013
* Pectinivalva planetis (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva primigena (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva quintiniae Hoare & Van Nieukerken, 2013
* Pectinivalva scotodes Hoare, 2013
* Pectinivalva trepida (Meyrick, 1906)
* Pectinivalva tribulatrix Van Nieukerken & Hoare, 2013
* Pectinivalva warburtonensis (Wilson, 1939)
* Roscidotoga callicomae Hoare, 2000
* Roscidotoga eucryphiae Hoare, 2000
* Roscidotoga lamingtonia Van Nieukerken, Van den Berg & Hoare, 2011
* Roscidotoga sapphiripes Hoare, 2000

## Nepticulinae

* Ectoedemia hadronycha Hoare, 2000
* Ectoedemia pelops Hoare, 2000
* Ectoedemia squamibunda Hoare, 2000
* Stigmella leucargyra (Meyrick, 1906)
* Stigmella phyllanthina (Meyrick, 1906)
* Stigmella symmora (Meyrick, 1906)
# Live in NYC (Jane's Addiction album)

Live in NYC is a live album and DVD by American alternative rock band Jane's Addiction, released on July 8, 2013 in the UK and July 9 in North America. The album was recorded at Terminal 5 on July 25, 2011, and featured the world concert premiere of their new single "Irresistible Force".
The album is the band's first fully live release since its 1987 debut, Jane's Addiction.

## Track listing

* "Whores"
* "Ain't No Right"
* "Just Because"
* "Ted, Just Admit It..."
* "Been Caught Stealing"
* "Irresistible Force (Met the Immovable Object)"
* "Up the Beach"
* "Ocean Size"
* "Three Days"
* "Mountain Song"
* "Stop!"
* "Jane Says"

## Personnel
### Jane's Addiction

* Perry Farrell – vocals
* Dave Navarro – guitars
* Stephen Perkins – drums, percussion
* Chris Chaney – bass guitar
# Lepidochrysops michellae

Lepidochrysops michellae, the Michelle's blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in north-eastern Namibia. The habitat consists of grassy areas in savanna.
Adults are on wing from September to April.
# Abacetus mameti

Abacetus mameti is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Alluaud in 1933.
# John Lovett

John Lovett may refer to:
* John Lovett (American politician) (1761–1818), U.S. Representative from New York
* John Lovett (American football coach) (born 1950)
* John Lovett (tight end) (born 1996), American football player
* John Lovett (baseball) (1877–1937), American baseball player
* John M. Lovett (1943–2003), Australian government administrator
* John Lovett (runner), winner of the 1970 distance medley relay at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
# Abisara aita

Abisara aita is a butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found on both Sumatra and Borneo. It was first described by British entomologist Lionel de Nicéville in 1893.
# Abisai Shiningayamwe

Abisai Shiningayamwe (born 16 May 1978) is a Namibian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Shiningayamwe is a permanent resident of South Africa and plays for ABSA Premier League side Jomo Cosmos.
Shiningayamwe played in Namibia's first group stage match of the 2008 African Nations Cup finals, a 5–1 loss to Morocco.
# John Mockler (hurler)

John Mockler (born 1866) was an Irish hurler who played for the Tipperary senior team.
Mockler was a member of the team for just one season during the 1887 championship. It was a successful season as he secured an All-Ireland medal that year. It was Tipperary's first All-Ireland title.
At club level Mockler enjoyed a long career with Moycarkey–Borris.
# U.S. Sheep Experiment Station

The U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES) is an agricultural experiment station focusing on domestic sheep (Ovis aries) which is run by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. Its stated mission is "...to develop integrated methods for increasing production efficiency of sheep and to simultaneously improve the sustainability of rangeland ecosystems".

## Geography and facilities

The station is located roughly six miles north of Dubois, Idaho, and its lands span both Idaho and Montana. Its headquarters are on 27,930 acres (113.0 km$^2$) of land owned by the Agricultural Research Service, including research facilities, animal facilities (such as lambing pens and dry lots), as well as residential facilities. The station is surrounded by the Caribou-Targhee National Forest, as well being within two hours of the Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks.
It also holds roughly 16,600 acres (67.2 km$^2$) within Montana's Centennial Mountains and 1,200 acres (4.9 km$^2$) near Kilgore, Idaho, both of which are used largely for seasonal grazing and rangeland research. The USSES spans several diverse ecosystems, including subalpine meadow, foothill, sagebrush steppe, and desert shrubland. The station is the second largest employer in Clark County, Idaho.

## Research

The U.S. Sheep Experiment Station conducts research in the areas of ovine reproductive efficiency, genetic improvement (especially of breeds), nutrient intake and use, ovine growth and development, range/grazing management, and product quality (i.e. meat and wool). In addition to lambs and other attendant sheep, the station has a base flock of 3,000 mature sheep.
Breeds developed at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station include:
* The Columbia, a dual-purpose breed and one of the first originating in the U.S. Early crosses were made in Wyoming, but the originating flock was moved to the USSES in 1918.
* The Polypay, developed in the 1960s. Known for its white wool and a high lambing rate.
* The Targhee, a dual-purpose rangeland breed, named after the adjacent national forest.
One of the few areas of conflict when it comes to the station's research is its overlap with grizzly bear habitat. In 2010, the station made efforts to limit grazing in bear habitats, but by 2013 environmental groups sued, claiming that its research activities continue to threaten grizzlies in the greater Yellowstone area.
# Abala-Ibeme

Abala-Ibeme or Abala is a village in Obingwa local government area in Abia State, Nigeria.
# Sophie Irene Loeb

Sophie Irene Loeb (July 4, 1876, Rivne, Volhynia, Russian Empire (now part of Ukraine) – January 18, 1929) was an American journalist and social-welfare advocate.

## Biography

She was born Sophie Irene Simon. She was a school teacher in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, at the East End Public School before she married Ansel F. Loeb, in 1896. In 1912, she wrote the book, Epigrams of Eve, with illustrations by Ruby Lind (Ruby Lindsay.) In 1920 her novel Everyman's Child was published (The Century co., New York)
She was the president of the Board of Child Welfare of New York for seven years, and in 1921 she established the first child welfare building. In 1924, she became president of the Child Welfare Committee of America. In 1927, she was invited to work with the social service section of the League of Nations in Geneva to frame an international code for the care of dependent and afflicted children.
She died on January 18, 1929.

## Legacy

The Sophie Irene Loeb Playground is in Chinatown, Manhattan.
# South Bass Trail

The South Bass Trail is a hiking trail located on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park, located in the U.S. state of Arizona.

## Access

The trail is accessible by use of U.S. Forest Service roads along the south rim of Grand Canyon. The trailhead is located in a remote area of the park's south rim and is accessible from Rowe Well Road or Forest Service Road #328. It generally takes 1½ to 2 hours to negotiate the 29 mile (47 km) trip from Grand Canyon Village, Arizona. The road passes through the Havasupai Indian Reservation, whose government may collect tolls to pass through. Directions are available from the park's Backcountry Information Center. The trail begins at 6,646 feet (2,026 m) elevation. It ends at Pasture Wash Road, Forest Service Road #2515.

## Description

The Tonto Trail crosses the South Bass Trail a mile from the Colorado River. From this junction, to the west is Elves Chasm and the terminus of the Royal Arch Route, and to the east is the Boucher Trail and Hermit Trail, which provide access to the south rim via Hermit's Rest.
The trail itself is considered difficult. No services are available, and the only reliable water is at the Colorado River, which must be treated before consuming.

## History

At one time, this trail was connected to the North Bass Trail via a cable and platform that crossed the Colorado River. The tramway no longer exists, and river crossing can only be made by raft.
# UBG

UBG may refer to:
* Unabhängige Bürger Gauting
* University of Bahr El-Ghazal
* Utama Banking Group
* Universidade Bagual Gaucha
# Abdul Haq Baloch (politician)

Maulana Abdul Haq Baloch (5 January 1947 – 16 March 2010) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar and politician from Kech District, Balochistan. He served as member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 1985 to 1988, and belongs to Jamaat e Islami.
# Abortion in Angola

Abortion in Angola is only legal if the abortion will save the woman's life or health and in case of rape or fetal impairments. Any abortion performed under different conditions subjects the woman and the person who performs the procedure to up to five years in prison (Penal Code - Article 154). If the woman dies as a result of the abortion or if the practitioner performs abortions on a routine basis, the criminal charges are increased by one-third (Art. 155).

## Legal status

Under the 1886 Portuguese Penal code, left unaltered after Angola's independence in 1975, access to abortion was very restricted, being available only in case the pregnancy threatened the woman's life. In January 2019 new legislation was passed by the National Assembly to adopt a new Penal Code. The reform expanded the circumstances under which abortion is legal to include risk of health, rape and fetal impairments. After the President João Lourenço vetoed some provisions of the new Code and demanded tougher anti-corruption measures, the National Assembly approved the final version of the new Penal Code (Law 38/20) on 4 November 2020. The president signed the reform into law on 6 November 2020 along with the new Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 39/20) which also replaced a 1929 Portuguese code and was approved by the Assembly on 22 July 2020. The new Codes were published on the Official Gazette on 11 November 2020, thus entering into force 90 days later, on 9 February 2021.
# Abortion in Andorra

Abortion in Andorra is illegal in all cases; the Co-Princes of Andorra are the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell, who is required to adhere to Roman Catholic teaching on pregnancy. Around 88% of its population identifies as Roman Catholic.
Andorra, along with Vatican City, are the only two European countries where abortion is completely illegal.

## Law on abortion

The Constitution of Andorra states:
   Article 8
   1. The Constitution recognises the right to life and fully protects it in its different phases.
   2. All persons have the right to physical and moral integrity. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
   3. The death penalty is prohibited.
The Penal Code (Code Pénal) prohibits a number of offences against prenatal human life (contre la vie humaine prénatale) alongside offences against independent human life after birth (contre la vie humaine indépendante). Article 107 states, in relation to forced abortion:
   Whoever causes the abortion of a woman without her consent must be punished with a prison sentence of four to ten years and disqualification any health profession for up to ten years.
Article 108 outlaws abortion with consent:
   Whoever causes the abortion of a woman with her consent must be punished with a prison sentence of three months to three years and disqualification from practising any health profession for a period of up to five years.
Article 109 adds:
   Whoever by serious recklessness causes an abortion must be punished with a penalty of arrest or a fine of up to €30,000.
Article 120 protects the unborn child from other forms of assault:
   Any person who causes in an implanted embryo or in a foetus a lesion or disease seriously impairing his development or causing him physical or psychological defect persisting beyond birth must be punished with a prison sentence of three months to three years and disqualification from practising any health profession for up to six years.
The law has no explicit exceptions to its prohibitions. However, under the double effect principle in Catholic medical ethics, an intervention which would unintentionally cause the death of an unborn child is permitted where this would save the life of a pregnant woman (for example, in the ending of an ectopic pregnancy).

## Proposals

The Stop Violències movement led by the psychologist Vanessa Mendoza Cortés campaigns against gender-based violence and for the legislation of abortion in Andorra.
In 2018, Pope Francis intervened in the debate by stating that the approval of any legalisation would result in the abdication of Bishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília as Co-Prince.

## Abortion abroad

Women in Andorra who choose to terminate a pregnancy usually travel to either neighboring Spain or France where abortion is widely available.
# Abeguwo

Abeguwo is a goddess within Melanesian mythology. It is believed by some that she resides in the sky, and when she feels the urge to urinate, does so onto the Earth in the form of rain. She is worshiped by people who hold indigenous beliefs in the region of Melanesia and the island of New Guinea but also in the surrounding region.
# Abegg's rule

In chemistry, Abegg's rule states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valence of an element is frequently eight. The rule used a historic meaning of valence which resembles the modern concept of oxidation state in which an atom is an electron donor or receiver. Abegg's rule is sometimes referred to as "Abegg’s law of valence and countervalence".
In general, for a given chemical element (as sulfur) Abegg's rule states that the sum of the absolute value of its negative valence (such as −2 for sulfur in H$_2$S and its positive valence of maximum value (as +6 for sulfur in H$_2$SO$_4$) is often equal to 8.

## History

The concept was formulated in 1904 by German chemist Richard Abegg. Gilbert N. Lewis was one of the first to refer to the concept as "Abegg's rule" when he used it as a basis of argument in a 1916 article to develop his cubical atom theory, which developed into the octet rule. That article helped inspire Linus Pauling to write his 1938 textbook The Nature of the Chemical Bond.
# Tõnija

Tõnija is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 43.
Tõnija village was first mentioned in 1453 as Toneyegell.

## Gallery

* The only apartment building in the village
* Tõnija hunting lodge