OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lerala diamond mine

An Australian company, DiamonEx Limited, opened a diamond mine 15 km (9 mi) north-west of the village of Lerala in Botswana. The mine initially known as Martins Drift Diamond Project opened early 2008 and was to employ 230–290 people to produce an estimated 330,000 carats (66 kg) per year.

## History

Previously a joint company between De Beers and the Botswana government operated between 1998–2001 a smaller exploratory diamond mine at the same site. In February 2009 the mine was placed under Judicial Management due to very high operational costs and the world economic crunch. The company then had to seek permission to be placed under judicial management from the High Court. DiamonEx, which had already been listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) also had the trading of their shares suspended as a consequence. In 2011, a UK based diamond company Mantle Diamonds bought the Lerala mine from DiamonEx Botswana which was in financial difficulties due to the global economic crisis.
In 2014, the Lerala Mine changed ownership again after another Australian company, Kimberly Diamonds acquired Mantle Diamonds. The mine started operating in August 2015. By May 2017 Lerala Diamond Mines Limited, the Botswana-based subsidiary of Kimberly Diamonds Limited, was forced to suspend operations and placed under judicial management, due to inability to fund the endeavour. The mine was being closed for the third time in its history, after closures in February 2009 and also in July 2012.
# Stedmans V&S

Stedmans V&S (or V&S for short) is a Canadian variety discount department store chain.
Stedmans operates its stores mainly in smaller towns and cities in Canada. The chain's stores today are comparable in size and merchandise offered to similar chains such as Fields, SAAN (now defunct) and The Bargain! Shop, with a number of stores also offering such services as photo finishing, laminating, faxing and photocopying, and dry cleaning drop-off.
The first store, in Brantford Ontario, started as a stationery store in 1907. During the 1950s and 1960s, there were over 1000 Stedmans and affiliated stores in Canada. The affiliated stores were privately owned variety stores operating under different names, though purchasing through Stedmans. During the late 1960s through the 1970s, there were several stores across Canada that were "combination" stores (that is, Stedmans and its sister chain Macleods Hardware) in operation. Some stores today still contain a restaurant named The Copper Grill.
From about the 1960s into the 1980s, though, many Stedmans stores were also located in larger cities. Those stores were similar in size to those of the Kmart and Woolco chains, with a large selection of merchandise; those locations often served as anchor tenants for suburban shopping centers and malls.

## Company ownership

* 1962: Stedmans purchased by Gamble-Skogmo from Stedmans Brothers Ltd.
* 1980: CanWest Capital (later CanWest Global) purchases Macleod-Stedmans Ltd.
* 1992: Macleod-Stedmans Inc. becomes a dealer-owned cooperative named Cotter Canada. It would later be renamed Tru Serv Canada.
* 2011: Tru Serv Canada is purchased by Rona, Inc.
* 2014: Tru Serv Canada rebrands as Ace Canada
* 2020: Peavey Industries acquires Ace Canada
Today, the remaining Stedman's V&S stores are independently owned, and there is no larger purchasing company.
# Stedman v United Kingdom

Stedman v United Kingdom (1997) 23 EHRR CD 168 is a UK labour law case, which deals with religious freedom, and the duty of an employer to let religious people have Sundays off.

## Facts

Ms Stedman, a Christian, had worked at an employment agency since 1990. From December 1991 the applicant, along with other staff, was required to work on Sundays. In the period from December 1991 to May 1992 she worked on 10 out of a total of 25 Sundays. On 27 April 1992 Ms. Stedman gave the manager one month's notice that she was no longer prepared to work on Sunday. On 7 May 1992 she was told that her contract of employment was to be amended to include Sunday as a normal working day, on a rota basis, with no enhanced rate of pay. The applicant refused to sign the new contract and said that she would continue working under her existing contract. On 4 June 1992 she was dismissed after 22 months of employment, and paid one month's pay in lieu of notice.
She claimed this was a breach of her right to freedom of religion under Art.9 ECHR. Under Art.1 the MS must secure Convention rights. She also complained of breach of her right to a family life under Art.8, because she was bound to work some Sundays, and her husband did not.

## Judgment

The European Commission of Human Rights (i.e. the case was not admitted to the actual court) stated by a majority that Ms Stedman resigned because she did not want to work. She was not dismissed because of her religion. Even if she had been employed by the state and dismissed in similar circumstances, there would not have even been an interference with her Art 9(1) rights. The application was ‘manifestly ill founded’ under Art 27(2) ECHR.
For Art 8, ‘given the almost inevitable compromise and balance between work and family commitments, particularly in families where both partners work’ there was no interference, to constitute any violation. Other challenges under Art.14 and Art.6 were similarly dismissed, and the case was inadmissible.
# HMS Frederick

Three vessels named Frederick have served the British Royal Navy (RN). In each case, the service was brief.
* Between 1799 and 1801 the Royal Navy deployed a schooner named Frederick in the West Indies. She was under the command of a Lieutenant W. Edwards.
* In 1803 the hired armed cutter Lord Nelson was renamed Frederick for the last few months of her service.
* In 1819 the insurance companies in Malta hired a Gibraltarian brig named Frederick to chase a British pirate, Captain Delano, in William. HMS Spey and Racehorse provided a lieutenant, a midshipman, and 18 seamen to man Frederick. After Frederick captured William, and the pirates, most of whom were later hanged, the RN personnel returned to their vessels.
# Law enforcement in Sri Lanka

Law enforcement in Sri Lanka falls under the jurisdiction of the Sri Lanka Police, the national law enforcement agency, along with local community police and Grama Niladhari.
Additionally, the Sri Lanka Police encompasses several specialized agencies. The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is a national unit responsible for investigating serious crimes. The Special Task Force handles Counter-Terrorist and Counter-Insurgency operations. Other divisions include the Traffic Police, Police Narcotic Bureau, Security Council under DIG Valentine S. Vamadevan, and the Children & Women Bureau created in 1979.
Limited law enforcement authority is also given to other departments of the government for specific reasons. The Sri Lanka Customs and Department of Excise have certain police powers within ports, airports, and other customs and excise related matters. The Commission to Investigate Allegation of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC), commonly referred to as the Bribery Commission, has powers to arrest persons suspected of bribery or corruption. The Department of Coast Guard exercises law enforcement powers in the territorial waters of Sri Lanka. The military police has police powers limited to military personnel, primarily for internal investigation and guarding military facilities.

## History

Since ancient times, judicial and law enforcement duties were carried out in local kingdoms in the Sri Lanka by officials appointed to administrate provinces or districts. These officers include officers such as Dissavas and continued until the closure of the Native Department in the 1930s.
Modern policing was introduced to the island by the British in 1797 with the appointment of a Fiscal for the town of Colombo. Being a garrison town and a military fort, a Town Major oversaw policing and patrolling in and out of the town.

## Specialized agencies of the Sri Lanka Police

* Children & Women Bureau
* Colombo Crime Division (CCD)
* Computer Crime Investigation Division (CCID)
* Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
* Diplomatic Security Division
* Financial Crimes Investigation Division (FCID)
* Judicial Security Division
* Marine Division
* Mounted Division
* Police Kennels (K9 units)
* Police Narcotic Bureau
* Special Task Force (STF)
* Terrorist Investigation Department (TID)
* Tourist Police
* Traffic Police

## Coast Guard

The Sri Lankan Coast Guard was established in 2010 and is under the purview of the Ministry of Defence. Coast Guard officers are considered as peace officers under the Code of Criminal Procedure Act of 1979.

## Other agencies

* Commission to Investigate Allegation of Bribery or Corruption (in bribery or corruption related matters)
* Department of Forest Conservation (within protected forest areas)
* Department of Immigration and Emigration (in Immigration and Emigration related matters)
* Department of Prisons
* Department of Wildlife Conservation (within national parks)
* Sri Lanka Customs (in Customs related matters)
# Leptophaula

Leptophaula femoralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Leptophaula. It was described by Breuning in 1940.
# Robert George Spencer Hudson

Robert George Spencer Hudson (17 November 1895 – 29 December 1965) was an English geologist and paleontologist. He was born in Rugby, Warwickshire, the eldest son of Robert Spencer Hudson.

## Education

Hudson was educated at St Matthew's School and then Lawrence Sheriff School, where his interest in geology was started through a schoolmaster taking the students fossil hunting in the strata used for cement making.
Hudson left school in 1913 and became a student teacher at Elborow Boys' School. In World War I, he served in the Artists' Rifles and the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, becoming a second lieutenant (acting captain). In 1918 he went to University College London, to read geology, graduating with first class honours in 1920.

## Career

Hudsons's early career was academic, first at University College London, and then at the University of Leeds, where he became professor of geology. In 1946 he joined the Iraq Petroleum Company and did extensive field trips to Kurdistan, British Mandate of Palestine, Iraq, and Oman. He retired from Iraq Petroleum Company in 1958, and became an Iveagh Research Fellow at Trinity College, Dublin in 1960. He was appointed to the chair of geology and mineralogy there in 1961.
In 1958 he was awarded the Murchison Medal by the Geological Society of London for "his significant contribution to the science by means of a substantial body of research."
He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1961. He was also vice president of the Geological Society of London and founder president of the Palaeontological Association. Between 1923 and 1966 over one hundred of his papers were published. He died in his college rooms in Dublin.
Two of his brothers awarded an MBE: William Spencer Hudson for his work as regional fuel engineer in Nottingham and Edward Charles Hudson during World War II.
# Lepeostegeres cebuensis

Lepeostegeres cebuensis is a species of mistletoe recently described which is found on Cebu Island, Philippines. Currently this is treated as an unplaced name by Plants of the world online.
# Stefania (disambiguation)

Stefania is a genus of tree frogs.
Stefania may also refer to:
* Stefania (name), a female name
* Stefania, Greater Poland Voivodeship, a village in west-central Poland
* Stefania, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland
* Stefania (crater), a crater on Venus
* Stefania (song), a song by Kalush Orchestra, which won the 2022 Eurovision Song Contest
* Stefania (singer) (b. 2002), a Greek-Dutch singer
# Lathyrus formosus

Lathyrus formosus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial which grows primarily in high mountain areas on shale or rocky ground in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and the Caucasus.
The species was described as Orobus formosus in 1812, and has been known by several other names until being reclassified as Lathyrus formosus in 2021. The synonym Vavilovia was named after the Russian geneticist, economic botanist, and plant geographer, Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov.
# Lengefeld

Lengefeld is a town and a former municipality in the district Erzgebirgskreis, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the Ore Mountains, 23 km southeast of Chemnitz. On 1 January 2014 it was merged with the municipality Pockau to form the town Pockau-Lengefeld.

## Sights

* Lengefeld Lime Works Museum
# Lengede

Lengede is a municipality in the district of Peine, in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 18 kilometers southwest of Braunschweig and 40 kilometers southeast of Hanover. It became known to the world in 1963 because of a mining disaster and the subsequent rescue operation of eleven surviving miners, which became known as the "Wunder von Lengede" ("Miracle of Lengede").

## Geography
### Division of the municipality

Lengede consists of the following districts
* Barbecke
* Broistedt
* Klein Lafferde
* Lengede
* Woltwiesche

## History
### The Miracle of Lengede

A lot of water was needed to wash the ore of the iron mine Mathilde in Lengede, and several artificial lakes existed right above the underground mine. At 8 p.m. on 24 October 1963, water and mud from one of those lakes broke into the mine. At that time, 129 men were working underground. Seventy-nine men managed to escape right away. A group of seven men was reached with a drill; when the water level receded on the next day, they could be saved with a float.
Four men went to the elevated end of a gallery; even though it was below water level, the air pocket there prevented the water from entering. Expecting to find men there, a drilling was begun to the cavern some 79 meters below ground. In the meantime, journalists from all over the world had assembled. As it was of utmost importance to protect the air pocket, pressured air was pumped down. After six days, three men were finally rescued; a fourth had died in the meantime. The men were brought up with the Dahlbusch-Bombe, a tiny metal pipe which allows one man to stand inside. They had to spend several hours in a pressure chamber before being released.
A group of twenty-one men had fled to an old part of the mine, known as the Old Man, which was not used anymore and had already partly collapsed. Falling rocks killed several men there, ventilation was poor, and after a while their lamps went dark. The management of the mine was already about to end the rescue operation and call for funeral services, when some miners pointed out that some men would have tried to escape to the Old Man and were maybe still there. No exact plans for that part of the mine were available, and an exploratory drill was started.
Fifty-six metres underground, a cavern was reached. Tapping signs were heard, and the rescuers let food, water and even a microphone down to the men below. Ludwig Erhard, who had been elected Bundeskanzler just weeks earlier, came to Lengede and spoke to the trapped men, then the real drilling began. Because of concerns about the poor condition of Old Man, water was considered too heavy for use in the drilling below 40 metres and pressured air was used instead. At 6 a.m. on November 7, the men were reached. Two miners went down with the Dahlbusch-Bombe to help their colleagues come up. Eleven men were rescued.
All in all, twenty-nine men died in the disaster. When the mine was later cleared, it was found that some of them had lived for about 14 days underground. One man was never found.
Legal proceeding continued for some five years to determine whether anyone was responsible for the disaster, but in the end no one was prosecuted.
# State Street Methodist Episcopal Church

State Street Methodist Episcopal Church, now known as State Street United Methodist Church, is a historic Methodist Episcopal church located at Fulton in Oswego County, New York. The original section was built in 1894, and expanded in 1900 with the addition of an auditorium in the Akron Plan. It consists of a one-story auditorium with 1+1⁄2-story education. A basement was added in 1906, and two-story wing in 1962. The church is constructed of red brick and is in the Romanesque style. It has a slate cross-gable roof and two asymmetrical towers. The larger bell tower is four stories tall and contains two levels of stained glass windows.$^{:5}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
# State Street Houses

State Street Houses describes 23 Greek Revival and Italianate rowhouses built between 1847 and 1874 and located at 291-299 (odd) and 290-324 (even) State Street between Smith and Hoyt Streets in the Boerum Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. The construction of the houses was part of the transformation of the formerly rural area into a fashionable new residential neighborhood.
The houses, which are three stories high on raised basements and feature the same cornice lines and similar window heights, were designated New York City landmarks in 1973, and are the contributing properties to a national historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Laura James

Laura Ellen James (born November 18, 1990) is an American model and actress. In 2012, James won the nineteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model and was consequentially signed with L.A. Models and New York Model Management. She is the daughter of Dynasty actor John James.

## Early life

James was born in Cambridge, New York to American actor John James and Australian model Denise Coward, second runner-up in Miss World 1978. Before appearing on America's Next Top Model, James studied at Paul Smith's College, studying Hotel Resort Tourism Management.

## Career
### America's Next Top Model

In 2012, James was selected to compete on the nineteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model. In the competition she was one of the front-runners, receiving three first call-outs as well as winning three challenges for her scholarship bank. She appeared in the bottom two three times. In Jamaica, James landed in the bottom two with Nastasia after the Dream Come True photoshoot for their weak photographs but in the end, James had the higher score, leaving James to compete alongside fellow contestants Leila Goldkuhl and Kiara Belen in the finale. At the final runway at Rose Hall, James struggled with her runway walk and at panel, James was criticized for her stiff walk, yet praised for her Nine West photo. In the end, James received the highest total average of the three remaining contestants, making her America's Next Top Model. As a result, she was offered modeling contracts with New York Model Management and L.A. Models, she became the face of America's Next Top Model's fragrance Dream Come True, won a spread in Nylon magazine, campaigns with Nine West and Smashbox Cosmetics, and a $100,000 cash prize as well as the $30,000 she earned from her three challenge wins to be used to pay off her college education.

### Post America's Next Top Model

James is signed with New York Model Management and L.A. Models and also had a campaign with Nine West and Smashbox Cosmetics as a part of her prize package. She also became the face of the America's Next Top Model perfume "Dream Come True" and had a cover and a spread in Nylon magazine. On March 28, 2013, she shot a campaign with Guess along with DJ Tiësto and Meghan Von Wiggins for WMag Event. She also appeared in the final episode from the first Boys & Girls cycle with judge and model Rob Evans. She also appeared in the June 2013 issue of Vogue Italia.
She has been an actress in several movies, including The Lost Day, Hello Ladies and Nano, as well as television shows Grandfathered, The Young and the Restless, American Woman, and as Molly Hicks in the series S.W.A.T..
# Laura Jackson

Laura Jackson may refer to:
* Laura Jackson (cricketer), English cricketer
* Laura Jackson (footballer) (born 1991), English-born Jamaican footballer and coach
* Laura Riding Jackson or Laura Riding (1901–1991), American writer
* Laura Jackson (presenter) (born 1986), British television presenter of UK game show Take Me Out: The Gossip
# Tetracycline litigation

The discovery of tetracycline engendered an enormous amount of litigation. In late 1958, the U.S. government charged Pfizer and American Cyanamid with price fixing in connection with tetracycline. That and other related litigation lasted until 1982. Often, the series of cases is referred to as the “antibiotics litigation.”

## Background

The focal point of the case was the two companies’ settlement of an interference proceeding before the PTO (the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office) over the priority of their respective applications for tetracycline. Under the settlement, American Cyanamid, which had acquired Heyden Chemicals‘s pending tetracycline application, conceded the priority of Pfizer’s application, withdrew its own application and exchanged cross licenses with Pfizer. According to the indictment of American Cyanamid, Bristol Myers, Pfizer, and Cyanamid knew that tetracycline represented a threat to the continuation of their dominant positions and unreasonably high profits. To keep that threat in check, the indictment alleges, Cyanamid bought out Heyden's rights to the development and agreed to help Pfizer get the tetracycline patent. In return, charges the Justice Department, Pfizer licensed Cyanamid to produce the drug. Later, to avoid a court fight that might have nullified the patent, Pfizer and Cyanamid let Bristol-Myers in.
The Federal Trade Commission found that the cross-license, combined with the fact that Pfizer had withheld information that it knew or should have known was relevant to the patentability of tetracycline, constituted an attempt by Pfizer and American Cyanamid to share in an unlawful monopoly. Ultimately, the government lost.
The government also sought to cancel the Pfizer patent on tetracycline, alleging fraud and the concealment of information that would have been relevant to the patent examiner. The government lost the final appeal of that case in 1982.