OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernest Whitter

Ernest Whitter was an English professional footballer who played as an outside right.

## Career

Born in Didsbury, Whitter spent his early career with Didsbury and Nelson. He signed for Bradford City from 'minor football' in August 1922, making 1 league appearance for the club, before moving to New Brighton in July 1924. He later played for Ashton National.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903-1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# Érdi VSE

Érdi VSE is a Hungarian football club located in Érd, Hungary. It currently plays in Nemzeti Bajnokság III. The team's colors are green and white.

## History

On 16 June 2020, Érd official withdrew from the participation in the Nemzeti Bajnokság II, although they finished first in the 2019-20 Nemzeti Bajnokság III season which was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead of Érd, Szentlőrinci SE will participate in the 2020-21 Nemzeti Bajnokság II season, while Érd will participate in the 2020-21 Nemzeti Bajnokság III season.
# Matera Assembly constituency

Matera is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Matera in the Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Matera is one of five assembly constituencies in the Bahraich Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 284 amongst 403 constituencies.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party |
| 2012 | Yasar Shah | Samajwadi Party |
| 2017 | Yasar Shah | Samajwadi Party |
| 2022 | Mariya Shah | Samajwadi Party |

## Election results
### 2022

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Matera :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SP | Mariya Shah | 102,255 | 48.15 |
| | BJP | ARUN VEER SINGH | 91827 | 43.24 |
| | BSP | AQIB ULLAH KHAN | 8918 | 4.2 |
| | INC | ALI AKBAR | 2964 | 1.4 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| | gain from | gain from | Swing | |

### 2017

Samajwadi Party candidate Yasar Shah won in 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections defeating Bharatiya Janta Party candidate Arun Veer Singh by a margin of 1,595 votes.
# Mati Laur

Mati Laur (born 17 June 1955, in Abja-Paluoja) is an Estonian historian. He has written and coauthored textbooks about early modern Estonia. He has published scholarly articles about eighteenth-century Estonia, which also was the subject of his doctoral dissertation. Despite this narrow specialisation, he is a professor of general history at the University of Tartu.
Together with Karsten Brüggemann, Laur is the editor of the historical journal Forschungen zur baltischen Geschichte (Studies on Baltic History).
# George Anderson (criminal)

George "Dutch" Anderson (born Ivan Dahl von Teler; c. 1880 – October 31, 1925) was a Danish-born criminal who helped lead an early Prohibition-era gang in the United States from 1919 until the mid-1920s. He was considered a mentor to his comrade Gerald Chapman, a famous American bandit of the 1920s.

## Life and career

Anderson was born Ivan Dahl von Teler to a wealthy Danish family circa 1880, Anderson graduated from the universities of Uppsala and Heidelberg studying music, literature and several languages before emigrating to the United States around the beginning of the 20th century. Although he attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison for a time, Anderson eventually dropped out and, by 1907 had begun committing petty thefts. He was in and out of prisons in Illinois, Ohio and Wisconsin until 1914.
In 1917, Anderson was arrested by police in Rochester, New York. Sentenced to five years for burglary in Auburn State Prison, Anderson became acquainted with bank robber Gerald Chapman. Influenced by the better-educated Anderson, the young Chapman became a voracious reader and self-styled gentleman, and was later known as the "Count of Gramercy Park".
Following both men's paroles in 1919, they began bootlegging operations in Toledo, Ohio and Detroit, Michigan.
In late 1921, along with former Auburn inmate Charles Loeber, Anderson and Chapman began committing armed robberies. On October 21, the three men forced a U.S. Mail truck to stop at gunpoint on Leonard Street, taking with them $2.4 million in cash, bonds and jewelry.
The three men eluded identification for months. They were eventually arrested by United States Postal Inspectors William Doran, Jim Doyle and William Cochraine on July 3, 1922, after Chapman attempted to sell Argentine gold notes (stolen during the Leonard Street mail robbery) to an undercover Postal Inspector posing as a stock broker. Anderson and Chapman were both sentenced to 25 years at the Atlanta Federal Prison. Anderson escaped from the Atlanta prison on December 30, 1923, six months after Chapman's more dramatic escape from the same facility. They were believed to have teamed up again on several robberies.
Chapman, wanted in the killing of Connecticut police officer James Skelly, was recaptured on January 18, 1925, in Muncie, Indiana, due to a local informant Ben Hance. Both Hance and his wife were gunned down eight months later. Authorities saw the double murder as revenge by Anderson and his gang for Chapman's capture. An Anderson associate later served time for the slayings.
Through his passing of counterfeit money, Anderson was eventually traced to Muskegon, Michigan. On October 31, 1925, Police Officer Charles Hammond spotted him there, and the ensuing gunfight left both men dead.
Anderson's protégé, Chapman, was convicted of murder and was hanged in Connecticut in 1926.
# List of ship decommissionings in 1921

The list of ship commissionings in 1921 includes a chronological list of ships commissioned in 1921. In cases where no official commissioning ceremony was held, the date of service entry may be used instead.
| Date | Operator | Ship | Pennant | Class and type | Notes |
| May 9 | Royal Navy | Tristram | | Modified R-class destroyer | Scrapped |
| July 17 | United States Navy | A-3 | SS-4 | Plunger-class submarine | at Cavite Navy Yard, Philippines, disposed of as a target ship and stricken in 1922 |
| July 25 | United States Navy | A-5 | SS-6 | Plunger-class submarine | at Cavite Navy Yard, Philippines, disposed of as a target ship and stricken in 1922 |
| October 6 | United States Navy | Aramis | SP-418 | Patrol vessel | Tender and houseboat 1924-1933; Sold 1933 |
| November 15 | Royal Navy | Tirade | | Modified R-class destroyer | Scrapped |
| December 1 | French Navy | Foudre | | Seaplane tender and training ship | date stricken; later scrapped |
| December 12 | Royal Australian Navy | Australia | | Indefatigable-class battlecruiser | Scuttled in 1924 |
| unknown date | United States Navy | Ardent | SP-680 | Patrol vessel/minesweeper | Sold |
# SOS-convexity

A multivariate polynomial is SOS-convex (or sum of squares convex) if its Hessian matrix H can be factored as H(x) = S$^T$(x)S(x) where S is a matrix (possibly rectangular) which entries are polynomials in x. In other words, the Hessian matrix is a SOS matrix polynomial.
An equivalent definition is that the form defined as g(x,y) = y$^T$H(x)y is a sum of squares of forms.

## Connection with convexity

If a polynomial is SOS-convex, then it is also convex. Since establishing whether a polynomial is SOS-convex amounts to solving a semidefinite programming problem, SOS-convexity can be used as a proxy to establishing if a polynomial is convex. In contrast, deciding if a generic quartic polynomial of degree four (or higher even degree) is convex is a NP-hard problem.
The first counterexample of a polynomial which is convex but not SOS-convex was constructed by Amir Ali Ahmadi and Pablo Parrilo in 2009. The polynomial is a homogeneous polynomial that is sum-of-squares and given by:
$p(x)=32x_{1}^{8}+118x_{1}^{6}x_{2}^{2}+40x_{1}^{6}x_{3}^{2}+25x_{1}^{4}x_{2}^{4}-43x_{1}^{4}x_{2}^{2}x_{3}^{2}-35x_{1}^{4}x_{3}^{4}+3x_{1}^{2}x_{2}^{4}x_{3}^{2}-16x_{1}^{2}x_{2}^{2}x_{3}^{4}+24x_{1}^{2}x_{3}^{6}+16x_{2}^{8}+44x_{2}^{6}x_{3}^{2}+70x_{2}^{4}x_{3}^{4}+60x_{2}^{2}x_{3}^{6}+30x_{3}^{8}$
In the same year, Grigoriy Blekherman proved in a non-constructive manner that there exist convex forms that is not representable as sum of squares. An explicit example of a convex form (with degree 4 and 272 variables) that is not a sum of squares was claimed by James Saunderson in 2021.

## Connection with non-negativity and sum-of-squares

In 2013 Amir Ali Ahmadi and Pablo Parrilo showed that every convex homogeneous polynomial in n variables and degree 2d is SOS-convex if and only if either (a) n = 2 or (b) 2d = 2 or (c) n = 3 and 2d = 4. Impressively, the same relation is valid for non-negative homogeneous polynomial in n variables and degree 2d that can be represented as sum of squares polynomials (See Hilbert's seventeenth problem).
# Strelley, Nottingham

Strelley Estate is a post war housing estate located in the Bilborough ward in the City of Nottingham. The estate is located around 3.5 miles (6 km) from the city centre and lies west of the Broxtowe Estate, south of Nuthall, east of the Strelley Village and north of Bilborough. At the 2001 census, the estate had a population of 2,561.

## Facilities

The Strelley Estate has a number of facilities located on Strelley Road including an Asda supermarket, The Rose Inn, a police station and a recreation ground next to the A6002 road, and there is a fish bar, a Premier convenience store and a chemist located on Flamsteed Road. Other facilities include the Djanogly Strelley Academy off Cranwell Road.
The Strelley Estate also includes the Nottingham Business Park and a tiny portion of the M1. The Nottingham Belfry hotel is located next to the business park, as well as newly built housing around Princess Boulevard.

## Demographics

According to the 2001 census data, the estate has a population of 2,561. A majority of the population is aged 25–44 who make up 29.2% of the population. The census also shows that 91.8% of the population is White British, as well as 0.9% being White Irish and 0.8% being classed as Other White. 3.1% of the population is Mixed Race, 1.0% is Asian or Asian British and 2.2% is Black or Black British.

## Religion

The 2001 census shows that 65.8% of the estate's population are Christian and Atheists make up 23% of the population. 0.7% of the population practice Hinduism, and Islam, Sikhism and Buddhism each score 0.5%. 8.8% of the population did not state their religion. Strelley has The Ark Church located on Strelley Road, and Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses Church on Flamsteed Road.

## Transport
### Nottingham City Transport

■ 35: Nottingham → Derby Road → QMC → University Park → Wollaton Vale → Bilborough → Strelley → Bulwell
■ 35B: Nottingham → Derby Road → QMC → University Park → Wollaton Vale → Bilborough → Strelley
■ 77: Nottingham → Alfreton Road → Aspley Lane → Strelley
■ 77C: Nottingham → Alfreton Road → Aspley Lane → Strelley → Cinderhill
■ 78: Nottingham → Alfreton Road → Nuthall Road → Broxtowe → Strelley

### CT4N

■ L2: Nottingham → Derby Road → QMC → Wollaton → Bilborough → Strelley (Nottingham Business Park) → Assarts Farm Estate
■ L4: Nottingham → Derby Road → Beechdale → Bilborough → Strelley
# Howesville, West Virginia

Howesville is an unincorporated community and coal town in Preston County, West Virginia, United States. It sits at an altitude of 2,218 feet (676 m). The community once possessed a post office, which has since been closed.
Howesville was named for James D. Howe, who opened a store there in the 1860s. The community was originally built up chiefly by Germans.
St. Joseph's Cemetery and Catholic Church are located in Howesville. The original church was built in the 1840s. It was replaced by the current structure. Nicholas Borgman, who was one of the people who helped build the original church, was the first person buried in St. Joseph's Cemetery in January 1847. His gravestone is still standing.

## Meteorite Hoax of 1920

A hoax news dispatch in 1920, picked up by major newspapers across the U.S., reported that on November 22, 1920, residents of the area "were thrown into a panic tonight when a large meteor fell at Howesville.. according to reports received here." The news story added that "The meteor struck in the business section of Howesville, near the railroad station. It exploded as it buried itself in the earth. The force of the blast was heard for several miles. An automobile standing near the railroad station was damaged by the explosion and the occupants of the machine were dazed, but escaped injury." The dispatch added "There are no telephones in Howesville and detailed information as to the meteor could not be obtained tonight.
# House of Debt

House of Debt: How They (and You) caused the Great Recession, and How We Can Prevent It from Happening Again is a 2014 book by economists Atif Mian and Amir Sufi on the linkages between household debt in the United States and the 2008 financial crisis.
# Stylopathidae

Stylopathidae is a family of corals belonging to the order Antipatharia.
Genera:
* Stylopathes Opresko, 2006
* Triadopathes Opresko, 2006
* Tylopathes Brook, 1889
# Legislative Studies Quarterly

Legislative Studies Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell and is the official journal of the Legislative Studies Section of the American Political Science Association. The journal was established in 1976 and the current Co-Editors are Tiffany Barnes, Justin Kirkland, Jason M. Roberts, Jonathan Slapin, Sarah Treul. The executive editor is Brian Crisp (Washington University in St. Louis). The journal publishes articles on legislative systems, processes, and behavior, including parliaments and legislatures, their relations to other political institutions, their functions in the political system, and the activities of their members both within the institution and outside.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 0.810, ranking it 80th out of 163 journals in the category "Political Science". In 2020, the impact factor has raised to 2.159 (Clarivate Analytics), ranking it 82nd out of 183 in the category of "Political Science".
# Flags of non-sovereign nations

Flags of non-sovereign nations may refer to:
* Flags of formerly independent states, which were independent and have been subsumed into transnational states like North Korea
* Flags of unrecognized states, which have declared independence, but whose independence has not been recognised by the majority of the international community
# Gerbera aurantiaca

Gerbera aurantiaca, the Hilton daisy, is a long-lived KwaZulu-Natal mistbelt grassland endemic with red flowers.

## Description

The Hilton daisy is a relative of the common Barberton daisy. While the typical colour of the Hilton daisies is red, the flowers range from yellow through orange to bright red and deep scarlet. The Hilton daisy is an endangered species and only 15 viable populations of the species are known to exist.

## History

The Hilton daisy was first discovered by Christian Ferdinand Krauss during his visit to Natal in 1839. They were first described by botanist Schulz Bipontinus in 1844 and named for the brilliant orange colour of the specimen sent over to Europe. The Hilton daisy is named after Hilton College and the nearby village of Hilton, and has an emotive association with both the college and the village.
# Gerhard Fieseler

Gerhard Fieseler (15 April 1896 – 1 September 1987) was a German World War I flying ace, aerobatics champion, and aircraft designer and manufacturer.

## From birth to the 1918 armistice

Born in Glesch (near Cologne), Fieseler joined the Air Service of the Imperial German Army in 1915. A crash during training hospitalized him until February 1916, but he had become an observation pilot by October 1916, flying first with Feldflieger Abteilung 243, then with Feldflieger Abteilung 41. In 1917 he qualified as a fighter pilot and was posted on 12 July to the Macedonian front, initially flying a Roland D.II with Jagdstaffel 25. Fieseler scored his first aerial victory on 20 August 1917. A serious illness removed him from active duty from 21 September until 5 November 1917.
Fieseler would not score his second success until 30 January 1918. He was eventually credited with nineteen confirmed aerial victories, with three others unconfirmed. Commissioned in October 1918, he was the highest-scoring German ace on the Eastern Front to survive World War I. He was awarded the Golden Military Merit Cross and the Iron Cross, first and second class.

## Between the World Wars

Following the war, he returned to printing, but yearned to return to flying. In 1926, he closed his print shop in Eschweiler and became a flight instructor with the Raab-Katzenstein aircraft company in Kassel and continued to hone his flying skills, becoming an accomplished stunt pilot. In 1927, he performed a particularly daring routine in Zürich and started to command increasingly high fees for appearances. In 1928 while working at Raab-Katzenstein, he designed his own stunt plane, the Fieseler F1 (also known as the Raab-Katzenstein RK-26 Tigerschwalbe), which was offered and sold to a Swedish company called AB Svenska Järnvägverkstäderna (ASJ), which built 25 of the type for Swedish Air Force in the beginning of the 1930s.
In 1930, Raab-Katzenstien was bankrupt, and Fieseler decided to strike out on his own. Using money he had been saving from his aerobatics, he bought the Segelflugzeugbau Kassel sailplane factory and renamed it Fieseler Flugzeugbau. Although he continued with some sailplane manufacturing, from 1932, he set up to start manufacturing sports planes of his own design.
A NSDAP member, Fieseler won contracts to licence-build military aircraft for the new Luftwaffe in 1935. Real success came the following year, when his firm won a design contract against entries from Messerschmitt and Siebel for a STOL liaison/observation plane, that his firm then went on to produce as the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch.

## World War II

Gerhard Fieseler Werke produced aircraft for the German military throughout World War II.

## Post World War II

Following the war, Fieseler spent some time in US custody. When he was released, he re-opened part of this factory and spent some years building automotive components. He also published an autobiography, Meine Bahn am Himmel (My Road in the Sky).
Fieseler died in Kassel, aged 91.
The aerobatic manoeuvre Fieseler is named after him.
# Rarities (Gin Blossoms album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Rarities is a compilation album by pop rock band Gin Blossoms. It was released in 2010 on A&M Records. It is most of the bonus disc from the New Miserable Experience Deluxe Edition, 2-disc set released in 2002, which had three extra cuts from the Dusted album. The separate release here includes nineteen tracks not found on prior albums. These encompass seven tracks from two EPs, Up and Crumbling and Shut Up and Smoke, six tracks from a 1993 live performance, two studio outtakes, two alternate versions of previously released songs, a soundtrack contribution and Big Star cover.

## Track listing

* "Keli Richards" (Doug Hopkins, Bill Leen) (from the Up and Crumbling EP, 1991) – 3:04
* "Just South of Nowhere" (Jesse Valenzuela) (from the Up and Crumbling EP, 1991) – 3:26
* "Angels Tonight" (Hopkins) (from the Up and Crumbling EP, 1991) – 3:33
* "Blue Eyes Bleeding" (Hopkins) (outtake from New Miserable Experience sessions, 1992) – 2:30
* "Soul Deep" (Wayne Carson) (from the Shut Up and Smoke EP, 1993) – 3:04
* "Heart Away" (Robin Wilson) (from the Shut Up and Smoke EP, 1993) – 2:21
* "Cold River Dick" (Scott Johnson, Leen, Phillip Rhodes, Valenzuela, Wilson) (from the Shut Up and Smoke EP, 1993) – 1:15
* "Christine Irene" (Wilson, Valenzuela) (from the Shut Up and Smoke EP, 1993) – 2:42
* "Number One" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Neil Innes) (outtake from the Shut Up and Smoke sessions, 1993) – 2:35
* "Idiot Summer" (Johnson, Leen, Rhodes, Valenzuela, Wilson) (from the Wayne's World 2 soundtrack, 1993) – 4:12
* "Back of a Car" (Alex Chilton, Andy Hummel) (from the Big Star tribute album Big Star, Small World, 1993) – 2:43
* "Allison Road" (Wilson) (remix, 1994) – 3:21
* "Hold Me Down" (Hopkins, Wilson) (recorded live at The Belly Up Tavern, Solana Beach, CA, May 13, 1993) – 4:55
* "Hey Jealousy" (Hopkins) (recorded live at The Belly Up Tavern, Solana Beach, CA, May 13, 1993) – 3:57
* "Mrs. Rita" (Valenzuela, Jim Swafford) (recorded live at The Belly Up Tavern, Solana Beach, CA, May 13, 1993) – 4:20
* "29" (Valenzuela) (recorded live at The Belly Up Tavern, Solana Beach, CA, May 13, 1993) – 4:06
* "Movin' On Up" (Jeff Barry, Ja'net Dubois) (recorded live at The Belly Up Tavern, Solana Beach, CA, May 13, 1993) – 2:56
* "Folsom Prison Blues" (Johnny Cash) (recorded live at The Belly Up Tavern, Solana Beach, CA, May 13, 1993) – 3:08
* "Pieces of the Night" (Hopkins) (alternate version from New Miserable Experience sessions, with piano ending, 1992) – 4:20
# Fleinhausen

Fleinhausen is a village of the municipality of Dinkelscherben in the western part of the Bavarian district of Augsburg in Germany.
Located on the western bank of the Zusam River, Fleinhausen is approximately 3.7 km northwest of Dinkelscherben. Along with the nearby village of Grünenbaindt, has approximately 360 inhabitants.

## Notable residents

* Julius Streicher (1885-1946), prominent Nazi prior to World War II, founder and publisher of anti-Semitic Der Stürmer newspaper, executed for war crimes
# Simon C. Yew

Datuk Simon Chong Yew MBE (9 April 1898 – 1983), born Yew Siu Chang, was an important figure in the development of Scouting in the Malaysian state of Sabah in Borneo. He was also an accomplished artist.

## Life

Yew was born in Fuzhou, China in 1898,s appointed an MBE in 1955 forng.

## Scouting

Yew was a Scout leader in Fuzhou from 1919-1923. In 1923 he received his warrant (formal appointment) and after moving to North Borneo he joined the 1st Sandakan Scout Troop as a Scout leader under Reverend Thomas Cecil Alexander, who had founded Scouting in North Borneo in 1913.
In 1930 Yew formed the first Wolf Cub Pack in 1930 at St. Michael's Church, Sandakan. North Borneo's first official camping ground for Scouts was opened at Lok Kawi Scout Camping Ground in 1935, and the next year Yew brought 30 Sandakan Scouts there - a significant journey at the time - to camp. After the disruption to Scouting caused by the Japanese invasion of Borneo during the Second World War, Yew revitalised the Troop at All Saints' Church, Jesselton. He was appointed as West Coast District Commissioner in 1950 and travelled extensively visiting troops across this large and predominantly jungle district. He published a district magazine Scouting in Picture and introduced the Scouting Job Week, similar to the British Scouts' "Bob-a-job Week".
Yew was awarded a Medal of Merit in 1939. In recognition of his services to Scouting in North Borneo, he was awarded a Silver Acorn in 1953 by the then-Chief Scout of the British Commonwealth and Empire, Lord Rowallan, and two years later he was appointed a MBE by Queen Elizabeth. He was also appointed Datuk, a title roughly equivalent to a knighthood, after the independence of Sabah.
Yew retired from Scouting in 1959, but continued to serve on the Local Association, West Coast Council as a Lay member, and was made Honorary Commissioner.
In 1963 he received a Silver Wolf award from the then Chief Scout Sir Charles Maclean.

## Paintings

Yew was an accomplished artist, and painted many local scenes of North Borneo life, in watercolours and from 1957 he used oils as well. He signed his paintings “Simon C. Yew”, and some of his works are in the collection of the Sabah Art Gallery, the national art collection of Sabah, housed in Sabah Museum.
Yew’s watercolours were used to illustrate the front covers of Maxwell Hall’s books Kinabalu Guerillas and Labuan Story.