# List of endangered flora of Connecticut

Flora of Connecticut that are considered endangered species.
Key
* E - Endangered
* T - Threatened
* SC - Special Concern
* SCE - Special Concern, believed extirpated

## Adoxaceae (Moschatel family)

* Viburnum nudum (Possum haw, SCE)
* Viburnum prunifolium (Smooth black-haw, T)

## Alismataceae (Water-plaintain family)

* Echinodorus tenellus (Bur-head, E) a.k.a. Helanthium tenellum
* Sagittaria cuneata (Northern arrowhead, E)
* Sagittaria subulata (Awl-leaved arrowhead, SC)
* Sagittaria teres (Quill-leaved arrowhead, E)

## Amaranthaceae (Amaranth family)

* Amaranthus pumilus (Sea-beach amaranth, SCE, federally threatened)
* Atriplex glabriuscula (Bracted orache, SC)
* Chenopodium rubrum (Red goosefoot, SCE) a.k.a. Oxybasis rubra

## Anacardiaceae (Cashew or sumac family)

* Rhus aromatica (Fragrant sumac, SCE, Native populations only)

## Apiaceae a.k.a. Umbelliferae (Celery, carrot or parsley family)

* Angelica lucida (Sea-coast angelica, E)
* Angelica venenosa (Hairy angelica, SCE)
* Ligusticum scoticum (Scotch lovage, E)
* Lilaeopsis chinensis (Lilaeopsis, SC)
* Taenidia integerrima (Yellow pimpernel, E)
* Zizia aptera (Golden Alexanders, E)

## Apocynaceae (Dogbane family)

* Asclepias purpurascens (Purple milkweed, SC)
* Asclepias variegata (White milkweed, SCE)
* Asclepias viridiflora (Green milkweed) (E)

## Araceae (Arum or aroid family)

* Orontium aquaticum (Golden club, SC)

## Araliaceae (Aralia or ivy family)

* Hydrocotyle umbellata (Water pennywort, E)
* Hydrocotyle verticillata (Whorled pennywort, E)
* Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng, SC)

## Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family)

* Endodeca serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot, SC a.k.a. Aristolochia serpentaria)

## Aquifoliaceae (Holly family)

* Ilex glabra (Inkberry, T, native populations only)

## Asparagaceae

* Maianthemum trifolium (Three-leaved false Solomon's-seal, T)

## Aspleniaceae

* Asplenium montanum (Mountain spleenwort, SC)
* Asplenium ruta-muraria (Wallrue spleenwort, T)
* Diplazium pycnocarpon (Narrow-leaved glade fern, E)

## Asteraceae (Aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family)

* Ageratina aromatica (Small white snakeroot, E)
* Antennaria howellii ssp. petaloidea (Field pussytoes, SCE)
* Bidens beckii (Beck's water-marigold, SC)
* Bidens eatonii (Eaton's beggarticks, E)
* Cirsium horridulum (Yellow thistle, E)
* Doellingeria infirma (Appalachian white-aster, SCE)
* Eupatorium album (White thoroughwort, E)
* Eurybia radula (Rough aster, E)
* Eurybia spectabilis (Showy aster, T)
* Gamochaeta purpurea (Purple cudweed, SCE)
* Krigia biflora (Two-flowered cynthia, T)
* Liatris novae-angliae (New England blazing-star, SC)
* Oclemena nemoralis (Bog aster, E)
* Oligoneuron album (Prairie goldenrod, a.k.a. Solidago ptarmicoides, E)
* Oligoneuron rigidum (Stiff goldenrod, a.k.a. Solidago rigida, E)
* Packera anonyma (Small's ragwort, E)
* Packera paupercula (Balsam groundsel, E)
* Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Sweet coltsfoot, T)
* Pityopsis falcata (Sickle-leaved golden aster, E)
* Polymnia canadensis (Small-flowered leafcup, E)
* Senecio suaveolens (Sweet-scented Indian-plantain, E)
* Solidago aestivalis (Early wrinkle-leaved goldenrod, SCE, also called rugosa)
* Solidago latissimifolia (Elliott's goldenrod, SCE)
* Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Crooked-stem aster, SCE)

## Betulaceae (Birch family)

* Betula pumila (Swamp birch, T)

## Boraginaceae (Borage or forget-me-not family)

* Cynoglossum virginianum (Wild comfrey, SC)
* Hydrophyllum virginianum (Virginia waterleaf, SC)
* Onosmodium virginianum (Gravel-weed E, a.k.a. Lithospermum virginianum)

## Brassicaceae (Mustards, crucifers, or cabbage family)

* Cardamine douglassii (Purple cress, SC)
* Draba reptans (Whitlow-grass, SC)

## Cactaceae (Cactus family)

* Opuntia humifusa (Eastern prickly pear, SC)

## Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)

* Linnaea borealis ssp. americana (Twinflower, E)
* Triosteum angustifolium (Narrow-leaved horse gentian, E)
* Valerianella radiata (Beaked corn-salad, SCE)

## Caryophyllaceae (Pink or carnation family)

* Honckenya peploides (Seabeach sandwort, SC)
* Minuartia glabra (Mountain sandwort, E)
* Moehringia macrophylla (Large-leaved sandwort, E)
* Paronychia fastigiata (Hairy forked chickweed, SCE)
* Silene stellata (Starry campion, T)
* Spergularia canadensis (Canada sand-spurry, T)
* Stellaria borealis (Northern stitchwort, SC)

## Celastraceae (Staff vine or bittersweet family)

* Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet, SC)

## Cistaceae (Rock rose or Rock-rose family)

* Crocanthemum dumosum (Bushy frostweed, SCE a.k.a. Helianthemum dumosum)
* Crocanthemum propinquum (Low frostweed, SC a.k.a. Helianthemum propinquum)
* Hudsonia ericoides (Golden heather, E)
* Hudsonia tomentosa (Woolly beach-heather, T)
* Lechea racemulosa (Illinois pinweed, SCE)

## Cleomaceae

* Polanisia dodecandra (Clammy-weed, SCE)

## Colchicaceae

* Uvularia grandiflora (Large-flowered bellwort, E)

## Convolvulaceae (Bindweed or morning glory family)

* Calystegia silvatica (Short-stalked false bindweed, SCE)
* Calystegia spithamaea (Low bindweed, SCE)
* Cuscuta coryli (Hazel dodder, SCE)

## Crassulaceae (Stonecrop or orpine family)

* Crassula aquatica (Pygmyweed, E)

## Cupressaceae (Cypress family)

* Thuja occidentalis (Northern white cedar, native populations only, T)

## Cyperaceae (Sedge family)

* Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. paludosus (Bayonet Grass, SC)
* Bolboschoenus novae-angliae (Salt marsh bulrush, SC)
* Carex aestivalis (Summer sedge, SC)
* Carex alata (Broadwing sedge, E)
* Carex alopecoidea (Foxtail sedge T)
* Carex aquatilis ssp. altior (Water sedge, SC)
* Carex backii (Back's sedge, E)
* Carex barrattii (Barratt's sedge, E)
* Carex bushii (Bush's sedge, SC)
* Carex buxbaumii (Brown bog sedge, E)
* Carex castanea (Chestnut-colored sedge, E)
* Carex collinsii (Collins' sedge, SCE)
* Carex crawei (Crawe's sedge, T)
* Carex crawfordii (Crawford sedge, SCE)
* Carex cumulata (Clustered Sedge, T)
* Carex davisii (Davis' sedge, T)
* Carex foenea (Bronze sedge, SC a.k.a. Carex siccata)
* Carex formosa (Handsome sedge, T)
* Carex hitchcockiana (Hitchcock's sedge, SC)
* Carex limosa (Mud sedge, T)
* Carex magellanica (Boreal bog sedge, E)
* Carex molesta (Troublesome sedge, SC)
* Carex nigromarginata (Black-edge sedge, SCE)
* Carex novae-angliae (New England sedge, SC)
* Carex oligocarpa (Eastern few-fruit sedge, SC)
* Carex oligosperma (Few-seeded sedge, SCE)
* Carex pauciflora (Few-flowered sedge, SCE)
* Carex polymorpha (Variable sedge, E)
* Carex prairea (Prairie sedge, SC)
* Carex pseudocyperus (Cyperus-like sedge, E)
* Carex reznicekii (Reznicek's sedge, E)
* Carex schweinitzii (Schweinitz's sedge, E)
* Carex siccata (Bronze sedge, SC)
* Carex sterilis (Dioecious sedge, SC)
* Carex trichocarpa (Hairy-fruited sedge, SC)
* Carex tuckermanii (Tuckerman's sedge, SC)
* Carex typhina (Cattail sedge, SC)
* Carex viridula (Little green sedge, E)
* Carex willdenowii (Willdenow's sedge, E)
* Eleocharis equisetoides (Horsetail spikesedge, E)
* Eleocharis microcarpa var. filiculmis (Small-fruited spikesedge, SCE)
* Eleocharis quadrangulata var. crassior (Square-stemmed spikesedge, E)
* Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum (Hare's tail, T)
* Lipocarpha micrantha (Dwarf bulrush, T)
* Rhynchospora capillacea (Needle beaksedge, E)
* Rhynchospora macrostachya (Tall beaksedge, T)
* Rhynchospora scirpoides (Long-beaked beaksedge, E)
* Schoenoplectus acutus (Hard-stemmed bullrush, T)
* Schoenoplectus torreyi (Torrey bulrush, T)
* Scirpus georgianus (Georgia bulrush, SCE)
* Scirpus longii (Long's bulrush, SCE)
* Scleria pauciflora var. caroliniana (Few-flowered nutrush, E)
* Scleria reticularis (Reticulated nutrush, E)
* Scleria triglomerata (Whip nutrush, E)
* Scleria verticillata (Low nutrush, SCE)
* Trichophorum alpinum (Alpine bulrush, SCE)

## Droseraceae (Sundew family)

* Drosera filiformis (Thread-leaf sundew, SCE)

## Dryopteridaceae (Wood fern family)

* Dryopteris campyloptera (Mountain wood-fern, E)
* Dryopteris goldieana (Goldie's fern, SC)

## Equisetaceae (Horsetail family)

* Equisetum palustre (Marsh horsetail, SCE)
* Equisetum pratense (Meadow horsetail, E)
* Equisetum scirpoides (Dwarf scouring rush, E)

## Ericaceae (Heath or heather family)

* Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla (Bog rosemary, T)
* Gaultheria hispidula (Creeping snowberry, SC)
* Gaylussacia bigeloviana (Dwarf huckleberry, T)
* Lyonia mariana (Stagger-bush, SCE)
* Moneses uniflora (One-flower wintergreen, E)
* Orthilia secunda (One-sided pyrola, SCE)
* Rhododendron groenlandicum (Labrador tea, T)
* Vaccinium myrtilloides (Velvetleaf blueberry, E,)
* Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Mountain cranberry, SCE)

## Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family)

* Eriocaulon parkeri (Parker's pipewort, E)

## Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family)

* Acalypha virginica (Virginia copperleaf, SC)
* Crotonopsis elliptica (Elliptical rushfoil, SCE)

## Fabaceae (Legume, pea, or bean family)

* Desmodium cuspidatum (Large-bracted tick-trefoil, E)
* Desmodium glabellum (Dillenius’ tick-trefoil, SC)
* Desmodium sessilifolium (Sessile-leaf tick-trefoil, SCE)
* Lespedeza repens (Creeping bush-clover, SC)
* Phaseolus polystachios var. polystachios (Wild kidney bean, SCE)
* Senna hebecarpa (Wild senna, T)

## Fagaceae

* Quercus macrocarpa (Bur Oak, SC)

## Gentianaceae

* Gentianella quinquefolia (Stiff gentian, E)
* Sabatia dodecandra (Large marsh pink, SCE)
* Sabatia stellaris (Marsh pink, E)

## Geraniaceae

* Geranium bicknellii (Bicknell's northern crane's-bill, SCE)

## Grossulariaceae

* Ribes glandulosum (Skunk currant, SC)
* Ribes lacustre (Swamp black current, SCE)
* Ribes rotundifolium (Wild current, SC)
* Ribes triste (Swamp red currant, E)

## Haemodoraceae (Bloodwort family)

* Lachnanthes caroliniana (Carolina redroot native populations only, E)

## Haloragaceae (Water-milfoil family)

* Myriophyllum alterniflorum (Slender water-milfoil, E)
* Myriophyllum pinnatum (Cutleaf water-milfoil, E)
* Myriophyllum sibiricum (Northern water-milfoil, T)

## Hymenophyllaceae (Filmy ferns and bristle ferns)

* Trichomanes intricatum (Appalachian gametophyte, SC)

## Hypericaceae

* Hypericum adpressum (Creeping St. John's-wort, SCE)
* Hypericum ascyron (Great St. John's-wort, SC)

## Juncaceae (Rush family)

* Juncus debilis (Weak rush, SCE)

## Lamiaceae (Mint or deadnettle family)

* Agastache nepetoides (Yellow giant hyssop, E)
* Agastache scrophulariifolia (Purple giant hyssop, E)
* Blephilia ciliata (Downy wood-mint, SCE)
* Blephilia hirsuta (Hairy wood-mint, SCE)
* Lycopus amplectens (Clasping-leaved water-horehound, SC)
* Pycnanthemum torreyi (Torrey mountain-mint, E)
* Stachys hispida (Hispid hedge-nettle, T)
* Stachys hyssopifolia (Hyssop-leaf hedge-nettle, E)
* Scutellaria integrifolia (Hyssop skullcap, E)
* Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis (Small skullcap, E)
* Trichostema brachiatum (False pennyroyal, E)

## Lentibulariaceae (Bladderwort family)

* Utricularia resupinata (Resupinate bladderwort, E)

## Liliaceae (Lily family)

* Streptopus amplexifolius (White mandarin, T)

## Limnanthaceae

* Floerkea proserpinacoides (False mermaid-weed, E)

## Linaceae

* Linum intercursum (Sandplain flax, SCE)
* Linum sulcatum (Yellow flax, E)

## Lycopodiaceae

* Huperzia appressa (Fir clubmoss, SCE)
* Lycopodiella alopecuroides (Foxtail clubmoss, E)

## Lygodiaceae

* Lygodium palmatum (Climbing fern, SCE)

## Lythraceae

* Cuphea viscosissima (Blue waxweed, SCE)
* Lythrum alatum (Winged loosestrife, E)
* Rotala ramosior (Toothcup, T)

## Melanthiaceae

* Chamaelirium luteum (Devil's bit, E)
* Veratrum latifolium (Hybrid bunchflower, SCE)

## Nymphaeaceae (Water-lily family)

* Nuphar advena (Large yellow pond lily, SCE)
* Nuphar microphylla (Small yellow pond lily, SCE)

## Onagraceae (Primrose or willowherb family)

* Ludwigia polycarpa (Many-fruited false-loosestrife, SCE)
* Ludwigia sphaerocarpa (Globe-fruited false-loosestrife, E)
* Oenothera fruticosa (Sundrops, SCE)

## Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

* Aplectrum hyemale (Puttyroot, SCE)
* Arethusa bulbosa (Dragon's-mouth, SCE)
* Coeloglossum viride (Long-bracted green orchid, E)
* Corallorhiza trifida (Early coral root, SC)
* Cypripedium arietinum (Ram's-head lady's-slipper, SCE)
* Cypripedium parviflorum (Yellow lady's-slipper, SC)
* Cypripedium reginae (Showy lady's-slipper, SC)
* Goodyera repens var. ophioides (Dwarf rattlesnake plantain, SCE)
* Isotria medeoloides (Small whorled pogonia, E, federally threatened)
* Liparis liliifolia (Lily-leaved twayblade, E)
* Malaxis bayardii (Bayard's white adder's mouth, SCE)
* Malaxis brachypoda (White adder's-mouth, E)
* Malaxis unifolia (Green adder's-mouth, E)
* Platanthera blephariglottis (White-fringed orchid, E)
* Platanthera ciliaris (Yellow-fringed orchid, E)
* Platanthera dilatata (Tall white bog orchid, SCE)
* Platanthera flava var. herbiola (Pale green orchid, SC)
* Platanthera hookeri (Hooker's orchid, SCE)
* Platanthera orbiculata (Large round-leaved orchid, SCE)
* Triphora trianthophora (Nodding pogonia, E)
* Spiranthes tuberosa var. grayi (Little ladies’-tresses, SC)

## Ophioglossaceae (Adder's-tongue family)

* Botrychium simplex (Little grape fern, SCE)
* Ophioglossum pusillum (Northern adder's-tongue, E)
* Ophioglossum vulgatum (Southern adder's-tongue, E)

## Orobanchaceae (Broomrape family)

* Agalinis acuta (Sandplain agalinis, E, Federally Endangered)
* Castilleja coccinea (Indian paintbrush, E)
* Pedicularis lanceolata (Swamp lousewort, T)
* Schwalbea americana (Chaffseed, SCE, federally endangered)

## Oxalidaceae (Wood sorrel family)

* Oxalis violacea (Violet wood-sorrel, SC)

## Papaveraceae (Poppy family)

* Corydalis flavula (Yellow corydalis, T)
* Dicentra canadensis (Squirrel corn, SC)

## Plantaginaceae (Plantain family)

* Plantago virginica (Hoary plantain, SC)

## Pinaceae (Pine family)

* Abies balsamea (Balsam fir, E, native populations only)
* Pinus resinosa (Red pine, E, native populations only)

## Poaceae (Grasses family)

* Alopecurus aequalis (Short-awned meadow-foxtail, T)
* Aristida longespica var. geniculata (Needlegrass, SC)
* Aristida purpurascens (Arrowfeather, E)
* Aristida tuberculosa (Beach needle grass, E)
* Bouteloua curtipendula (Sideoats grama-grass, E)
* Calamagrostis stricta ssp. inexpansa (Bend reedgrass, T)
* Coleataenia longifolia ssp. elongata (SCE)
* Deschampsia cespitosa (Tufted hairgrass, SC)
* Dichanthelium ovale ssp. pseudopubescens (Stiff-leaved rosette-panicgrass, SCE)
* Dichanthelium scabriusculum (Tall swamp rosette-panicgrass, E)
* Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon var. isophyllum (Round-fruited rosette panicgrass, SCE)
* Dichanthelium xanthophysum (Pale-leaved rosette-panicgrass, SCE)
* Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis (Saltpond grass, E)
* Milium effusum (Tall millet-grass, E)
* Muhlenbergia capillaris (Long-awn hairgrass, E)
* Panicum amarum var. amarum (Bitter panicgrass, T)
* Panicum verrucosum (Warty panicgrass, SCE)
* Paspalum laeve (Field paspalum, T)
* Paspalum setaceum var. psammophilum (Thin paspalum, SCE)
* Piptatherum pungens (Slender mountain ricegrass, E)
* Phragmites americanus (American reed, SC)
* Puccinellia pumila (Goose grass, SCE)
* Schizachne purpurascens (Purple oat, SC)
* Sporobolus clandestinus (Rough dropseed, E)
* Sporobolus cryptandrus (Sand dropseed, T)
* Sporobolus heterolepis (Northern dropseed, E)
* Sporobolus neglectus (Small dropseed, E)
* Trisetum spicatum (Narrow false oats, E)

## Polygalaceae (Milkwort family)

* Polygala ambigua (Alternate milkwort, SC)
* Polygala cruciata (Field milkwort, E)
* Polygala nuttallii (Nuttall's milkwort, T)
* Polygala senega (Seneca snakeroot, E)

## Polygonaceae (Knotweed, smartweed, or buckwheat family)

* Polygonum glaucum (Seabeach knotweed, SC)
* Rumex persicarioides (Sea-side dock, SCE)

## Pontederiaceae

* Heteranthera reniformis (Kidneyleaf mud-plantain, SCE)

## Potamogetonaceae (Pondweed family)

* Potamogeton confervoides (Tuckerman's pondweed, E)
* Potamogeton friesii (Fries' pondweed, E)
* Potamogeton gemmiparus (Capillary pondweed, T)
* Potamogeton hillii (Hill's pondweed, E)
* Potamogeton ogdenii (Ogden's pondweed, E)
* Potamogeton strictifolius (Straight-leaved pondweed, E)
* Potamogeton vaseyi (Vasey's pondweed, T)

## Primulaceae (Primrose family)

* Hottonia inflata (Featherfoil, SC)

## Pteridaceae

* Cheilanthes lanosa (Hairy lip-fern, E)
* Cryptogramma stelleri (Slender cliff-brake, E)
* Pellaea glabella (Smooth cliff-brake, E)

## Ranunculaceae (Buttercup or crowfoot family)

* Anemone acutiloba (Sharp-lobed hepatica, SC)
* Anemone canadensis (Canada anemone, T)
* Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal, E)
* Ranunculus ambigens (Water-plantain spearwort, E)
* Ranunculus cymbalaria (Seaside crowfoot, E)
* Ranunculus flammula var. reptans (Creeping spearwort, SCE)
* Ranunculus pensylvanicus (Bristly buttercup, SC)
* Trollius laxus (Spreading globe flower, T)

## Rosaceae (Rose family)

* Drymocallis arguta (Tall cinquefoil, SC)
* Prunus alleghaniensis (Alleghany plum, SCE)
* Prunus maritima var. gravesii (Graves beach plum, SCE)
* Rosa nitida (Shining rose, SCE)
* Rubus cuneifolius (Sand blackberry, SC)
* Rubus dalibarda (Dew-drop, E, Now called Dalibarda repens)
* Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Three-toothed cinquefoil, T)
* Waldsteinia fragarioides (Barren strawberry, E)

## Rubiaceae, (Coffee, madder, or bedstraw family)

* Galium labradoricum (Bog bedstraw, E)
* Houstonia longifolia (Longleaf bluet, T)

## Salicaceae (Willow family)

* Populus heterophylla (Swamp cottonwood, T)
* Salix exigua (Sandbar willow, E)
* Salix pedicellaris (Bog willow, E)
* Salix petiolaris (Slender willow, SC)

## Santalaceae (Sandalwood family)

* Arceuthobium pusillum (Dwarf mistletoe, E)

## Saururaceae (Lizard tail family)

* Saururus cernuus (Lizard's Tail, E)

## Saxifragaceae

* Mitella nuda (Naked miterwort, SC)

## Scheuchzeriaceae

* Scheuchzeria palustris ssp. Americana (Pod grass, E)

## Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family)

* Limosella australis (Mudwort, SC)

## Smilacaceae (Greenbrier family)

* Smilax hispida (Bristly greenbriar, SCE)

## Typhaceae

* Sparganium fluctuans (Floating bur-reed, E)
* Sparganium natans (Small bur-reed, E)

## Verbenaceae (Verbena or vervain family)

* Verbena simplex (Narrow-leaved vervain, SC)

## Violaceae (Violet family)

* Hybanthus concolor (Green violet, SCE)
* Viola adunca (Hook-spurred violet, E)
* Viola brittoniana (Coast violet, E)
* Viola canadensis (Canada violet, SC)
* Viola hirsutula (Southern wood violet, SCE)
* Viola nephrophylla (Northern bog violet, SC)
* Viola renifolia (Kidney-leaf white violet, E)
* Viola selkirkii (Great-spurred violet, SC)

## Xyridaceae

* Xyris montana (Northern yellow-eyed grass, T)
* Xyris smalliana (Small's yellow-eyed, E)