OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of ambassadors of Sudan to China

The Sudanese Ambassador in Beijing is the official representative of the Government of in Khartoum to the Government of the People's Republic of China.

## List of representatives

| diplomatic agreement/designated/Diplomatic accreditation | ambassador | Observations | List of heads of state of Sudan | Premier of the People's Republic of China | Term end |
| January 1, 1956 | | Independence of the Sudan from the United Kingdom | Sovereignty Council | Zhou Enlai | |
| February 4, 1959 | | The governments in Khartoum and Beijing established diplomatic relations. | Ibrahim Abbud | Zhou Enlai | |
| 1964 | Fakhr ed-Dine Mohamed | | Souveränitätskommitee | Zhou Enlai | 1969 |
| 1970 | Abdel Wahab Zein al-Abdein | | Dschafar Muhammad an-Numairi | Zhou Enlai | 1975 |
| 1975 | Sayed Ali Yassin Galley | | Dschafar Muhammad an-Numairi | Zhou Enlai | 1976 |
| 1976 | Mubarak Osman Rahama | | Dschafar Muhammad an-Numairi | Hua Guofeng | 1980 |
| November 27, 1980 | Muhammad Hamad Muhammad Mattar | | Dschafar Muhammad an-Numairi | Zhao Ziyang | 1989 |
| February 8, 1990 | Anmar El-Hadi Abdel Rahman | | Omar al-Bashir | Li Peng | 1993 |
| August 27, 1998 | Abdelhameed Abdeen Mohammed | | Omar al-Bashir | Zhu Rongji | |
| February 25, 2003 | Mirghani Mohamed Salih | | Omar al-Bashir | Wen Jiabao | |
39°56′21″N 116°27′05″E﻿ / ﻿39.939032°N 116.451495°E﻿ / 39.939032; 116.451495
# Tembleque, Spain

Tembleque is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 2 390 inhabitants, but it has since declined.

## History

The name is of Iberian origin. At that time there were a lot of villages with names ending in "que".
After the reconquest of Toledo, the village belonged to the Knights Hospitaller.

### Heraldry

The town has a coat of arms featuring three towers over a small mountain and a cannon.(see note) The cannon symbolises the town's historical link with the artillery.(see note)

## Landmarks

Buildings of interest include:
* the main square (Plaza Mayor)
* the church of the Assumption (Nuestra Señora de la Asunción), which dates from the 16th century.

## Famous inhabitants

Francisco de Tembleque gave his name to the Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque in Mexico. This structure is now a World Heritage Site.
* Nena Goodman (1910-1998), New York artist and philanthropist
# St Alban's Church, Llanelli

St Alban's Church Was an Anglican church in the town of Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, Wales. It was built between 1911 and 1915 and is located prominently on a hilltop at the junction of Alban Road and Stebonheath. It was designated as a Grade II listed building on 3 December 1992 and is now in private ownership.
The Church of St. Alban was erected between 1911 and 1915 by E. M. Bruce Vaughan. Set high on a hill, there is a large basement under its west end. It is built in the local greyish-brown stone with dressings of Bath stone. It is in the late decorative to early perpendicular style and its design is probably influenced by George Frederick Bodley; the clerestoried nave with side aisles is long and the chancel high. The interior is faced with smooth grey ashlar with Bath stone decoration, and the nave is well-lit by the large, high-positioned east windows. The nave has an open timber roof while the chancel has a painted and panelled ceiling. The chancel floor is tiled in green and white. The baptismal font Which was removed and sold by the Church of Wales, was a finely-carved ashlar bowl standing on marble legs.
The church was designated as a Grade II listed building on 3 December 1992, the reason for listing being that it is a fine example of a church of its period. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales curates the archaeological, architectural and historic records for this church. These include digital photographs of the exterior and interior. The church was declared redundant by the Church in Wales and sold in 2011. It is now thought to be used for residential and commercial purposes.
# Tucheim

Tucheim is a village and a former municipality in the Jerichower Land district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it is part of the town Genthin.
* This Jerichower Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# This Is Not a Ball

This Is Not a Ball is a feature documentary film premiered in June 2014 produced by Emilio Azcarraga Jean and Bernardo Gomez and El Mall and Videocine as producing companies. The documentary is directed by Brazilian artist Vik Muniz and Juan Rendón. The documentary narrates the story of how a small round object such as a soccer ball can transform the lives of individuals and communities around the world. It explores the passion for soccer in countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Sierra Leone, China and Pakistan. Throughout the documentary, there are interviews with children from the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, with American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and other personalities.

## Synopsis

Brazilian artist Vik Muniz traveled the world and witnessed how can a small round object transform the lives of individuals and communities. This is not a Ball explores the passion for football and tries to replicate the impact of the ball on a larger scale trying to connect individuals with their society or even greater purposes. These endeavors range from Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, China and all the way to Sierra Leone searching for the meaning and importance of a soccer ball in different societies. The film includes interviews with personalities like Neil De Grasse Tyson.

## Impact

With the support of the globally recognized social organization Fundación Televisa, and global development experts: Streetfootballworld, #Passtheball undertakes the launch of a global initiative for social good. Twelve organizations that focus on football as a tool of change will benefit from the collective work. Vik Muniz makes the viewer an active participant in the film by presenting opportunities to collaborate both during and after the movie plays. Over 20,000 soccer balls were used to construct two art installation pieces in Brazil and Mexico. Those soccer balls will be repurposed and sold as part of This is not a Ball's fundraising effort, #Passtheball—a social movement that enables the documentary to transcend the two-dimensional cinematic experience by impacting the world around us.
# Lindsey, Wisconsin

Lindsey is an unincorporated community located in the Town of Rock, Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. Lindsey is located at the junction of County Highways V and N 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Marshfield.

## History

Lindsey was originally part of the vague region called Nasonville since the brothers Solomon L. and William G. Nason had settled at a site about eleven miles southwest of Marshfield in the Spring of 1855. The Nasons were from Cumberland County, Maine. They settled permanently in what would later be termed Nasonville proper in September 1856, buying land in Section 5, Town 24 N, Range 2 E (Rock Township), and also buying several adjoining sections. Solomon later donated a portion of this land, on which Lindsey would be erected.
Lindsey was first platted in 1891, and named after F. D. Lindsey, a businessperson in the local lumber industry.
# Scanning voltage microscopy

Scanning voltage microscopy (SVM), sometimes also called nanopotentiometry, is a scientific experimental technique based on atomic force microscopy. A conductive probe, usually only a few nanometers wide at the tip, is placed in full contact with an operational electronic or optoelectronic sample. By connecting the probe to a high-impedance voltmeter and rastering over the sample's surface, a map of the electric potential can be acquired. SVM is generally nondestructive to the sample although some damage may occur to the sample or the probe if the pressure required to maintain good electrical contact is too high. If the input impedance of the voltmeter is sufficiently large, the SVM probe should not perturb the operation of the operational sample.

## Applications

SVM is particularly well suited to analyzing microelectronic devices (such as transistors or diodes) or quantum electronic devices (such as quantum well diode lasers) directly because nanometer spatial resolution is possible. SVM can also be used to verify theoretical simulation of complex electronic devices.
For example, the potential profile across the quantum well structure of a diode laser can be mapped and analyzed; such a profile could indicate the electron and hole distributions where light is generated and could lead to improved laser designs.

## Scanning gate microscopy

In a similar technique, scanning gate microscopy (SGM), the probe is oscillated at some natural frequency some fixed distance above the sample with an applied voltage relative to the sample. The image is constructed from the X,Y position of the probe and the conductance of the sample, with no significant current passing through the probe, which acts as a local gate. The image is interpreted as a map of the sample's sensitivity to gate voltage. A lock-in amplifier aids noise reduction by filtering through only the amplitude oscillations that match the probe's vibration frequency. Applications include imaging defect sites in carbon nanotubes and doping profiles in nanowires.
# Live 1967 (The Monkees album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Live 1967 is a live album by the American pop rock band the Monkees, released in 1987 by Rhino Records. The album was compiled from show dates in Seattle, Portland and Spokane on their 1967 United States tour. The songs mostly feature the Monkees themselves singing and playing, although the "solo spots" for each member feature music by opening act the Sundowners.
In 2001, Rhino Handmade released all recordings from these shows—as well as a date in Mobile, Alabama—as a limited edition CD: Summer 1967: The Complete U.S. Concert Recordings.
During these dates, Davy Jones and Kim Capli of the Sundowners went by themselves to a local recording studio to make "Hard to Believe", which was included on the Monkees' album Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn, & Jones, Ltd. (1967).

## Track listing

* Tracks 10, 11, 12 and 13 are bonus tracks, available only on the 1987 Rhino CD and 2016 Friday Music LP.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Rhino 1987 CD, except where noted.
The Monkees
* Mike Nesmith – lead guitar, harmonica, vocals
* Peter Tork – bass guitar, keyboards, banjo, vocals
* Davy Jones – tambourine, vocals
* Micky Dolenz – drums, vocals
The Sundowners
* Eddie Brick – percussion (10–13)
* Eddie Placidi – rhythm guitar (10–13)
* Dom DeMieri – lead guitar (10–13)
* Kim Copli – drums, keyboards (10–13)
* Bobby Dick – bass guitar (10–13)
Technical
* Bert Schneider – producer
* Bob Rafelson – producer
* Bill Inglot – mixdown producer, compact disc preparation
* Hank Cicalo – recording engineer
* Dan Matovina – remix engineer
* John Strother – remix engineer
* Don Brown – art direction
* Lisa Sutton – design
* Henry Diltz – photographs
* Winton D. Teel – photographs
* Caprice Carmona – production assistant
* Ken Perry – compact disc preparation
# Ripple effect

A ripple effect occurs when an initial disturbance to a system propagates outward to disturb an increasingly larger portion of the system, like ripples expanding across the water when an object is dropped into it.
The ripple effect is often used colloquially to mean a multiplier in macroeconomics. For example, an individual's reduction in spending reduces the incomes of others and their ability to spend. In a broader global context, research has shown how monetary policy decisions, especially by major economies like the US, can create ripple effects impacting economies worldwide, emphasizing the interconnectedness of today's global economy.
In sociology, the ripple effect can be observed in how social interactions can affect situations not directly related to the initial interaction, and in charitable activities where information can be disseminated and passed from the community to broaden its impact.
The concept has been applied in computer science within the field of software metrics as a complexity measure.

## Examples
### The Weinstein effect and the rise of the Me Too movement

In October 2017, according to The New York Times and The New Yorker, dozens of women have accused American film producer Harvey Weinstein, former founder of Miramax Films and The Weinstein Company, of rape, sexual assault and sexual abuse for over a period of three decades. Shortly after over eighty accusations, Harvey was dismissed from his own company, expelled from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and other professional associations, and even retired from public view. The allegations against him resulted in a special case of ripple effect, now called the Weinstein effect. This means a global trend involving a serial number of sexual misconduct allegations towards other famous men in Hollywood, such as Louis CK and Kevin Spacey. The effect led to the formation of the controversial Me Too movement, where people share their experiences of sexual harassment/assault.

### Corporate social responsibility

The effects of one company's decision to adopt a corporate social responsibility (CSR) programme on the attitudes and behaviours of rival companies has been likened to a ripple effect. Research by an international team in 2018 found that in many cases, one company's CSR initiative was seen as a competitive threat to other businesses in the same market, resulting in the adoption of further CSR initiatives.
# George Muncey

George Muncey (27 December 1835 — 14 March 1883) was an English first-class cricketer.
Muncey was born in December 1835 at Mildenhall, Suffolk. Muncey made played first-class cricket for the Cambridge Town Club (also known as Cambridgeshire), making his debut in 1860 against Cambridge University at Fenner's. He played first-class cricket for Cambridgeshire representative sides until 1866, having made ten first-class appearances. An all-rounder, he scored 197 runs at an average of 10.36, with a highest score of 37; as a right-arm underarm slow bowler, he took 10 wickets at a bowling average of 19.22, and best figures of 4 for 25. Outside of cricket, Muncey found himself in trouble with the law on several occasions. He was summoned by the Board of Guardians of the Cambridge Poor Law Union in April 1868 for neglecting his three children. In the same month he was charged with assaulting a Thomas Lee. In January 1869, while on bail for another offence, he was charged with stealing three gallons of brandy and two bottles. In July of the same year, he was charged with assaulting fellow cricketer Frederick Bell following a disagreement over goods received; Muncey admitted the offence and paid a fine. Muncey died at Cambridge in March 1883.
# Hosmer

Hosmer may refer to:

## Places

* Hosmer, South Dakota, United States
* Hosmer's Grove, Maui, Hawaii, United States
* Mount Hosmer (disambiguation)
* Hosmer, British Columbia, Canada

## Other uses

* Hosmer (surname)
* Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art, a museum in Orange County, Florida
* Hosmer Mountain Soda, a soft-drink producer based in Connecticut
* Hosmer Angel, a fictional character in a Sherlock Holmes story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
# Hosmane

Hosmane is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Narayan Sadashiv Hosmane (born 1948), Indian-born American cancer research scientist
* Ramachandra S. Hosmane (born 1944), Indian chemist
# Teddy Makofi

Teddy Makofi is a Zambian boxer. He competed in the men's light welterweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Ted Lozanski

T. L. (Ted) Lozanski (August 25, 1926 – September 7, 1976) was a Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He was also an ice hockey player, coach and executive (former president of the Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association). He is a recipient of the Manitoba Centennial Medal for his contributions to amateur hockey in Manitoba.
# Santa Elena School of Novaliches

Sta. Elena School of Novaliches is a Catholic school in North Novaliches, Caloocan, Philippines.
# Guo Baochang

Guo Baochang (Chinese: 郭宝昌, August 1940 – 11 October 2023) was a Chinese director, screenwriter, writer and playwright.

## Life and career

Born in Beijing, at the age of two Baochang lost his father, and his mother and aunt sold him to a wealthy family. After graduating in film direction and screenwriting from the Beijing Film Academy in 1965, he made his directorial debut in 1980 with the film Mist Over Fairy Peak (aka The Mist of Goddess Peak). In the 1980s he worked as artistic director at Guangxi Film Studio, where he actively supported and promoted the projects of the so-called Fifth Generation film movement, which included Chen Kaige, Zhang Yimou and Tian Zhuangzhuang.
As a director and screenwriter, Baochang is best known for The Grand Mansion Gate, a semi-autobiographical television series which he later also adapted into a stage play and a novel, and whose writing process started when he was 16 years old.
In addition to the novelization of The Grand Mansion Gate, Baochang authored several books, including an autobiography and a history of the Peking opera. He occasionally also worked as an actor. He died on 11 October 2023, at the age of 83.
# AGM-159 JASSM

The AGM-159 was a high precision cruise missile design proposed in 1996 by the Boeing (McDonnell-Douglas) company as a contender in the U.S. Air Force's JASSM project. It was intended to be able to penetrate advanced air defense systems, such as the Russian S-300 surface-to-air missile system. The weapon was intended to be carried by long range weapons platforms such as the B-2 Spirit and the B-1 Lancer. Development halted after Lockheed Martin's AGM-158 was selected for further development in 1998.

## Citations

* ↑ Nicklas, p. 146
# Thiruthangal

Thiruthangal is a neighbourhood of Sivakasi City, India.Thiruthangal is one of the Zones of Sivakasi City Municipal Corporation. Ninra Narayana Perumal temple, one among the 108 Divya Desams, Vishnu temples revered by saint poets, Alwars of 6th–9th century is located in Thiruthangal. The place is also famous for Karunellinathar temple, located adjacent to Nindra Narayana Temple.
Thiruthangal is 2 kilometres far from the heart of Sivakasi city which is known for its printing, match-works and fireworks industries. Thiruthangal is well connected by bus and train and can be reached by air via Madurai. As of 2011, the town had a population of 55,362.Thiruthangal got integrated with Sivakasi on 31 December 2020.

## Demographics

Religious census :
| Religion | Religion | Percent(%) | Percent(%) |
| Hindu | Hindu | 92.74% | 92.74% |
| Muslim | Muslim | 1.03% | 1.03% |
| Christian | Christian | 6.14% | 6.14% |
| Sikh | Sikh | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Other | Other | 0.08% | 0.08% |
According to 2011 census, Thiruthangal had a population of 55,343 with a sex-ratio of 1,000 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,918 were under the age of six, constituting 3,046 males and 2,872 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20.89% and .19% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 71.89%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 15424 households. There were a total of 27,159 workers, comprising 59 cultivators, 226 main agricultural labourers, 1,284 in house hold industries, 23,722 other workers, 1,868 marginal workers, 6 marginal cultivators, 22 marginal agricultural labourers, 117 marginal workers in household industries and 1,723 other marginal workers.
As per the religious census of 2011, Thiruthangal had 92.74% Hindus, 1.03% Muslims, 6.14% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, and 0.08% following other religions.

## Economy

Thiruthangal is once a part of Sivakasi among the largest exporter of firecrackers all over the country and abroad. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru called "Kutti Japan.". It also has granite quarries, namely Standard Granites and PRP Granites.

## Transport

The town has mono track broad gauge railway station. It will connect Chennai and Sengottai.

## Adjacent communities

Thiruthangal is the hub for many villages surrounding it like Sukkiravarapatti, Sillayanaickenpatti, Alamarathupatti, Naranapuram, Sengamalapatti, Velliapuram, Anaikutam, Vadamallapuram, Erichanatham, M Pudupatti etc.
vtePlaces adjacent to Thiruthangal :
Thiruthangal :
# List of companies of Oman

Oman is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.
By regional standards, Oman has a relatively diversified economy, but remains dependent on oil exports. Tourism is the fastest-growing industry in Oman. Other sources of income, agriculture and industry, are small in comparison and account for less than 1% of the country's exports, but diversification is seen as a priority by the government.

## Notable firms

This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.
Notable companies Active State-owned Defunct :
| Name | Industry | Sector | Headquarters | Founded | Notes |
| BankMuscat | Financials | Banks | Muscat | 1982 | Commercial and private bank |
| Central Bank of Oman | Financials | Banks | Ruwi | 1974 | Central bank |
| Muscat Securities Market | Financials | Investment services | Muscat | 1988 | Stock exchange |
| National Bank of Oman | Financials | Banks | Ruwi | 1973 | Commercial bank |
| Ooredoo Oman | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Muscat | 2004 | Part of Ooredoo (Qatar) |
| Oman Air | Consumer services | Airlines | Muscat | 1993 | Airline |
| Oman Arab Bank | Financials | Banks | Muscat | 1984 | Commercial bank |
| Oman LNG | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Muscat | 1984 | LNG plant |
| Oman Oil Company | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Muscat | 1996 | State-owned oil and gas concern |
| Oman Oil Marketing Company | Industrials | Business support services | Muscat | 2003 | Marketing and distribution |
| Oman Refinery Company | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Muscat | 1982 | Oil and gas |
| Omantel | Telecommunications | Fixed line telecommunications | Muscat | 1996 | Telecom |
| Petroleum Development Oman | Oil & gas | Exploration & production | Muscat | 1925 | State oil and gas |
| Raysut Cement | Industrials | Building Materials & Fixtures | Salalah | 1981 | Largest cement company |
| The Shaksy Group | Conglomerates | - | Muscat | 1976 | Oil and gas, real estate, construction |
* Petrochemical tanks in Sohar.
# Ripplebrook, Oregon

Ripplebrook is an unincorporated community in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. It is located at the eastern terminus of Oregon Route 224, at an intersection with forest highways 46 and 57, in the Mount Hood National Forest. It is near the confluence of the Clackamas River with the Oak Grove Fork Clackamas River, and is the only community on the route between Estacada and Detroit. Ripplebrook Ranger Station (a.k.a. Ripplebrook Guard Station) is located there. Bathrooms and information are available, but no other services.

## Forest Service compound

The United States Forest Service compound at Ripplebrook includes an office, various work buildings, three bunkhouses, a heliport, and a housing area. The office is located just off of Route 224. The fire warehouse, the compound's gas house, a carpenter's shop, and a silviculture building are located near the office. The heliport is behind the office area along Forest Road 4600. Bunkhouse A and B are located along Forest Road 4631. Bunkhouse C is near the heliport and also serves as a heliport office. There are ten family homes in the housing area, which is on Eagles Rest Road, just off of Forest Road 4631. Some of the Forest Service facilities are now used by the Timber Lake Job Corps Center.