OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Uzbekistan at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

Uzbekistan sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China.

## Sports
### Powerlifting

| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Ravil Diganshin | 100kg | 170.0 | 10 |

### Swimming

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | Heats | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Farhod Sayidov | S5 | 50m freestyle | 1:07/53 | 12 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Urine specific gravity

Specific gravity, in the context of clinical pathology, is a urinalysis parameter commonly used in the evaluation of kidney function and can aid in the diagnosis of various renal diseases.

## Background

One of the main roles of the kidneys in humans and other mammals is to aid in the clearance of various water-soluble molecules, including toxins, toxicants, and metabolic waste. The body excretes some of these waste molecules via urination, and the role of the kidney is to concentrate the urine, such that waste molecules can be excreted with minimal loss of water and nutrients. The concentration of the excreted molecules determines the urine's specific gravity. In adult humans, normal specific gravity values range from 1.010 to 1.030.

## Specific gravity and disease

Adults generally have a specific gravity in the range of 1.010 to 1.030. Increases in specific gravity (hypersthenuria, i.e. increased concentration of solutes in the urine) may be associated with dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, excessive sweating, urinary tract/bladder infection, glucosuria, renal artery stenosis, hepatorenal syndrome, decreased blood flow to the kidney (especially as a result of heart failure), and an excess of antidiuretic hormone caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. A specific gravity greater than 1.035 is consistent with frank dehydration. In neonates, normal urine specific gravity is 1.003. Hypovolemic patients usually have a specific gravity >1.015.
Decreased specific gravity (hyposthenuria, i.e. decreased concentration of solutes in urine) may be associated with renal failure, pyelonephritis, diabetes insipidus, acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, and excessive fluid intake (e.g., psychogenic polydipsia).
Osmolality is normally used for more detailed analysis, but USG remains popular for its convenience.
# Agyrta dichotoma

Agyrta dichotoma is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Max Wilhelm Karl Draudt in 1931. It is found in Colombia.
# Judge Fischer

Judge Fischer may refer to:
* Dale S. Fischer (born 1951), judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California
* Israel F. Fischer (1858–1940), judge of the United States Customs Court
* Nora Barry Fischer (born 1951), judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
# Juan Tomás de Boxadors

Juan Tomás de Boxadors (1703–1780) was the Master of the Order of Preachers from 1756 to 1777 and a cardinal from 1775 to 1780.

## Biography

Juan Tomás de Boxadors began his career as a diplomat of the Kingdom of Spain to the court of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Following the death of his brother in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, Boxadors had a spiritual crisis that resulted in his joining the Dominican Order. He taught Christian theology for a number of years, and then became a companion of Master Brémond.
At a General Chapter of 1756, the Dominican Order elected him as their master. That chapter charged him with promoting the use of the rosary, and Boxadors did so faithfully. He completed a visitation of the order's Spanish provinces.
He promoted the revival of Thomism with his letter "De renovanda et defendenda doctrina sancti Thomae" (1757) which was widely distributed in the Order. Lamenting deviations from Thomistic doctrine and demanding a return to the teachings of Thomas Aquinas, Boxadors charged Salvatore Roselli (1722–1784) with assisting the reform of education in the order. Roselli then wrote his influential Summa philosophica ad mentem Angelici Doctoris S. Thomae Aquinatis of 1777, which supplanted the major manuals of the day and continued to be the standard Thomistic text through its third edition in 1857–59.
In the wake of the Enlightenment, the Dominican Order was able to recruit fewer and fewer young men and women. By 1758, there were only three novices in all of the Kingdom of France. In 1765, Louis XV of France appointed a commission to reform the religious houses of France. Boxadors futilely resisted these reforms.
Pope Pius VI made him a cardinal in 1775.
He died in Rome on 16 December 1780.
# Ajmal Khan

Ajmal Khan may refer to:
* Ajmal Khan (actor) (Mohammad Ajmal Qadri, 1910–1988), Pakistani actor
* Ajmal Khan (botanist), Pakistani botanist and vice-chancellor of University of Karachi
* Ajmal Khan (cricketer), Afghan cricketer
* Ajmal Khan (Islamia College University), Pakistani vice-chancellor
* Maulana Ajmal Khan, (1930 - 2002), Pakistani Islamic scholar
* Muhammad Ajmal Khan Chandia - Politician from Muzaffargarh
# Urbano Felicio

Urbano Felicio (25 May 1582 – 1635) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Policastro (1629–1635).

## Biography

Urbano Felicio was born on 25 May 1582 in L'Aquila, Italy. On 14 March 1629, he was appointed by Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Policastro. On 17 April 1629, he was consecrated bishop by Antonio Marcello Barberini, Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Onofrio. He served as Bishop of Policastro until his death in 1635.
# Koyo language

Koyo may be,
* Koyo language (Sudan) (Lokoya)
* Koyo language (Congo) (Ekoyo)
# 1,3-Oxathiolane

1,3-Oxathiolane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH$_2$)$_3$OS. It is a saturated five-membered heterocycle with non-adjacent S and O atoms. It is the parent of numerous derivatives. The parent compound is of little practical value, but there is some biotechnological interest in derivatives where one or more H atoms are replaced by other substituents.

## Preparation and occurrence

    Apricitabine, a drug candidate containing a 1,3-oxathiane, is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
The compound is prepared by condensation of mercaptoethanol with formaldehyde, as typical for synthesis of thioacetals.
2-Methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane is a component of the flavor of passion fruit and other fruits.

## 1,2-Oxathiolane

In contrast to the well-developed area of 1,3-oxathiolanes, 1,2-oxathiolane and its derivatives are not prevalent in the literature. The parent compound, which is derived from 3-mercaptopropanol, has been detected in solution A bulky derivative has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
# Jelly donut

Jelly donut may refer to:
* Jelly doughnut, a doughnut with jam filling
* Jelly Donut (1979), a woodturned artwork by Merryll Saylan
# Tephritis azari

Tephritis azari is a species of tephritic or fruit flies in the genus Tephritis of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Azerbaijan, Iran.
# Hywel Davies

Hywel Davies may refer to:
* Hywel Davies (broadcaster) (1919–1965), Welsh radio broadcaster and television interviewer
* Hywel Davies (doctor) (1924–2016) cardiologist and writer
* Hywel Davies (journalist), British fashion writer
* Hywel Davies (rugby league) (born 1981), Welsh rugby league footballer and coach
* Hywel Islwyn Davies (priest) (1909–1981), Dean of Bangor
* Hywel Davies (jockey) (born 1957), Welsh jockey
* Hywel Davies (footballer) (1902–1976), Welsh international footballer
# Tangletown

Tangletown may refer to:
* Tangletown, Minneapolis, neighborhood in Minneapolis, Minnesota
* Tangletown, Saint Paul, neighborhood in Saint Paul, Minnesota
* Tangletown, Seattle, neighborhood in Seattle, Washington
* Tangletown, Vermont, unincorporated area in Middlesex, Washington County, Vermont
# Singaporandia

Singaporandia macrophylla (Hook.f.) K.M.Wong is a small tree of the family Rubiaceae. It is the only species in the genus Singaporandia. It occurs in lowland dipterocarp forest in Malaysia, Thailand and Sumatra.
The genus name of Singaporandia refers to Singapore, where the plant was first found and also Isaac Rand (1674–1743), who was an English botanist and apothecary, who was a lecturer and director at the Chelsea Physic Garden, London.
The genus and species were circumscribed by Khoon Meng Wong in Sandakania vol.21 on pages 53 and 54 in 2016.
# Ageneiosus vittatus

Ageneiosus vittatus is a species of driftwood catfish of the family Auchenipteridae. It can be found in the Amazon basin and the Orinoco River.
# Title-V Graduate Programs

Title V of the Higher Education Act (HEA) is a federally funded grant program, created in 1998 to assist certain colleges and universities in improving the higher education of Hispanic students in the United States. It is also known as the Developing Hispanic-Serving Institutions Program, being directed towards what are designated as Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs).

## Historical background

The United States Higher Education Act of 1965 was signed into law on November 8, 1965. The law was intended "to strengthen the educational resources of our colleges and universities and to provide financial assistance for students in postsecondary and higher education".
The research that led to the creation of Title V found that HSIs provided a significant proportion of postsecondary opportunities for Hispanic students, while receiving less in state and local funding per student than other institutions of higher education. This was found to be limiting their ability to expand and improve programs and institutional strength. HSIs were defined as those with low education and general expenditures, and 25 percent or more full-time equivalent undergraduate Hispanic students of whom 50 percent or more were low-income.

## Provisions of Title V

Title V funding was granted to higher educational institutions to enable them to improve and expand their provision for Hispanic students and other low-income students. Such activities could include the renovation of instructional facilities, faculty development, the purchase of scientific or laboratory equipment for teaching, financial and administrative management, development and improvement of academic programs, joint use of facilities, academic tutoring, counseling programs, and student support services. Grants covered a period of up to 5 years.

## Impact

In 2006, $95 million was awarded to 151 HSIs under Title V. Research found that the "sustained institutional funding" provided under Title V had an effect on the number of degrees awarded.

## Title V expansion

In 2009 Title V was expanded. For the first time it provided funding for graduate programs of HSIs in its new "Part B" section ("Promoting Postbaccalaureate Opportunities for Hispanic Americans"). The stated purposes were to expand postbaccalaureate educational opportunities for, and improve the academic attainment of, Hispanic students; and to expand and improve postbaccalaureate academic programs in those institutions of higher education that were educating large numbers of Hispanic and low-income students.
# Juliano Moro

Juliano Moro (born 13 September 1977) is a Brazilian racing driver. He has raced in such series as Euro Formula 3000 and Stock Car Brasil. He won the Formula Three Sudamericana series in 2001, Fórmula Ford and other Endurance championships.

## Racing record
### Career summary

| Season | Series | Team Name | Races | Poles | Wins | Podiums | F/Laps | Points | Final Placing |
| 1996 | Formula Three Sudamericana | | ? | ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | ? | ? |
| 1997 | Formula Three Sudamericana | Amir Nasr Racing | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | ? | 23 | 12th |
| 1998 | Formula Palmer Audi | | 16 | ? | 0 | 1 | ? | 120 | 10th |
| 2000 | Formula Three Sudamericana | Amir Nasr Racing | 18 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 158 | 3rd |
| 2001 | Formula Three Sudamericana | Amir Nasr Racing | 12 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 155 | 1st |
| 2002 | Euro Formula 3000 | ISR Racing | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2002 | German Formula Three Championship | Opel Team KMS | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2002 | Formula Three Sudamericana | Amir Nasr Racing | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2003 | Formula Three Sudamericana | Amir Nasr Racing | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 17th |
| 2004 | Stock Car Brasil | NasrCastroneves | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 31st |
| 2005 | Stock Car Brasil | NasrCastroneves | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 26th |
| 2006 | Stock Car Brasil | Nascar Motorsport | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 37th |
| 2007 | Stock Car Brasil | Nascar Motorsport | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 22nd |
| 2008 | Stock Car Brasil | Hot Car Competições | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 20th |
| 2009 | Copa Vicar | Nascar Motorsport | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 15th |
| 2010 | GT3 Brasil Championship GT3 class | AH Competições | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 26th |
| 2010 | Stock Car Brasil | Crystal Racing Team | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 34th |
| 2011 | GT3 Brasil Championship GT3 class | AH Competições | 12 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 124 | 11th |
| 2011 | TC 2000 Championship | Equipo Petrobras | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2011 | Brasileiro de Marcas | Auto Racing | 12 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 122 | 7th |
| 2012 | Brasileiro de Marcas | JLM Racing | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 45 | 4th |

### Complete Euro Formula 3000 results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | DC | Points |
| 2002 | Charouz ISR Racing | VLL 15 | PER Ret | MOZ Ret | SPA 11 | DON | BRN | DIJ | JER | CAG | 6th | 14 |
# MTPD

MTPD may refer to:
* Maximum tolerable period of disruption, the maximum time that key products or services can be unavailable or undeliverable before stakeholders perceive unacceptable consequences
* Metro Transit Police Department, the policing agency of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA)
* Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, an inherited fatty acid oxidation disorder.
* Metric tonnes per day, a unit for capacity, i.e. of a chemical plant.
# M4 bayonet

The M4 bayonet was introduced in 1944 for use with the M1 carbine. It was built on the M3 fighting knife.

## Description

The M4 bayonet, like the M3 fighting knife that preceded it, was designed for rapid production using a minimum of strategic metals and machine processes, it used a relatively narrow 6.75 in (17.1 cm) bayonet-style spear-point blade with a sharpened 3.5 in (8.9 cm) secondary edge. The blade was made of carbon steel, and was either blued or parkerized. Production of the grooved wooden handle was later simplified by forming the grip of stacked leather washers that were shaped by turning on a lathe, then polished and lacquered. The steel crossguard had a bayonet muzzle ring and the bayonet fastener is on the pommel. Later models used a black molded plastic handle. The basic design would be used for the later M5, M6, and M7 bayonets.

## M8 and M8A1 Scabbard

There are two variations of this scabbard, both with an olive drab fiberglass body with steel throat. The early version M8 scabbard only had a belt loop and lacked the double hook that earlier bayonet scabbards had for attaching to load carrying equipment such as the M1910 Haversack. The improved M8A1 scabbard manufactured later in WW II has the M1910 bent wire hook. The scabbard throat flange is stamped "US M8" or "US M8A1" on the flat steel part along with manufacturer initials. Some M8 scabbards were later modified by adding the M1910 hook. Later M8A1 scabbards were manufactured with a modified extended tab on the web hanger to provide more clearance for the M5 bayonet which rubbed against the wider bayonet handle. This sheath is correct for all post-war US bayonets including the M4, M5, M6, and M7. It was also used with the M3 fighting knife.
# Anuga Food Fair

The Allgemeine Nahrungs- und Genussmittel-Ausstellung (Anuga) (“General Food and Drink Trade Fair") is described by promoters as the world's largest and most important food and beverage fair.
“Anuga” takes place every second year in Cologne, and is sub-divided into ten separate fairs, each covering a different category. The event is held in the Koelnmesse, adjacent to the city centre.

## History

The first "Anuga" took place in 1919 in Stuttgart as part of a national gathering organised by Germany's specialist food retailers, and was a relatively small scale affair, involving approximately 200 exhibitors, and without any participation from foreign businesses. It was sufficiently successful to persuade the organisers to make the food fair an annual event, to be linked with the annual meeting of the nation's Specialist Foods Retailers' Association (Reichsverband deutscher Feinkostkaufleute).
Initially a different location was selected each year, with the event being held in Munich (1920), Hannover (1921), Berlin (1922) and Magdeburg (1923).
The first Cologne Anuga was held between 17 and 24 August 1924, attracting 340 exhibitors and around 40,000 visitors. It was probably the largest Anuga during the inter-war period, already divided into eight sub-categories, covering Food and Drink, Cooking and Bakery equipment, Food Processing machinery, Packaging Material and equipment, Retail, Materials Handling, Chemical and Cosmetic preparations and Advertising. The success of the 1924 event was partly the result of the professionalism with which it was conducted, but there was also a political dimension, with Cologne economically cut off from the rest of the country by foreign military occupation. The success of the 1924 Anuga could be presented as a demonstration against the British occupation, and the fair was described in the programme as a patriotic gesture (eine "gute deutsche Tat").

## Dates and recent participation statistics

* In 2011 ”Anuga” was open over five days ending on 12 October, during which 154,516 trade visitors were welcomed to 6,409 trade stands representing 97 countries.
* In 2013 ”Anuga” ended on 9 October after welcoming approximately 155,000 visitors to 6,777 trade stands.
* The 2015 fair took place between 10 and 14 October.
* The 2017 fair took place between 7 and 11 October.
# Samat, Gerede

Samat is a village in the Gerede District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 515 (2021).
# Jim Highsmith

James A. Highsmith III (born 1945) is an American software engineer and author of books in the field of software development methodology. He is the creator of Adaptive Software Development, described in his 1999 book "Adaptive Software Development", and winner of the 2000 Jolt Award, and the Stevens Award in 2005. Highsmith was one of the 17 original signatories of the Agile Manifesto, the founding document for agile software development.

## Life and work

Jim Highsmith has more than 25 years experience as an IT manager, project manager, product manager, consultant, and software developer. He has consulted with IT, software, and product-development companies in the U.S., Europe, Canada, Japan, India, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand to help them adapt to an accelerated pace of development in increasingly complex, unstable environments. He has also worked at NASA. Jim Highsmith's areas of consulting include agile software development, collaboration, and project management. Highsmith was also an executive consultant at Thoughtworks, a global software consultancy company.
Working as a principal of Information Architects, Inc., based in Salt Lake City, Highsmith taught and consulted on software quality process improvement, project management, and accelerated development techniques. He has also served as director of the Agile Project Management Advisory Service for the Cutter Consortium. The Cutter Consortium is an IT advisory firm that has included a group of more than 125 internationally recognized experts who have come together to offer information, consulting and training. He is also one of the founders of the Agile Project Leadership Network.
In the book Adaptive Software Development (1999), Jim Highsmith uses the analogy of mountain climbing to illustrate his points about teamwork, planning, and adaptation to rapidly changing conditions. The book contains the following adage: Rules can be barriers to hide behind or guidelines for the wise to consider and break when the circumstances justify it. The book also covers the concepts of accidental software development, the adaptive conceptual model, and the adaptive development model.

## Publications

Jim Highsmith published several articles and books. A selection:
* 1999 Adaptive Software Development: A Collaborative Approach to Managing Complex Systems. Dorset House Publishing.
* 2002 Agile Software Development Ecosystems. Foreword by Tom DeMarco. Addison-Wesley Pearson Education.
* 2004 Agile Project Management: Creating Innovative Products. Addison-Wesley Professional.
* 2013 Adaptive Leadership: Accelerating Enterprise Agility. Addison-Wesley Professional.
* 2019 EDGE: Value-Driven Digital Transformation. Addison-Wesley Professional.
# Agenesis

In medicine, agenesis (/eɪˈdʒɛnəsəs/) refers to the failure of an organ to develop during embryonic growth and development due to the absence of primordial tissue. Many forms of agenesis are referred to by individual names, depending on the organ affected:
* Agenesis of the corpus callosum - failure of the Corpus callosum to develop
* Renal agenesis - failure of one or both of the kidneys to develop
* Amelia - failure of the arms or legs to develop
* Penile agenesis - failure of penis to develop
* Müllerian agenesis - failure of the uterus and part of the vagina to develop
* Agenesis of the gallbladder - failure of the Gallbladder to develop. A person may not realize they have this condition unless they undergo surgery or medical imaging, since the gallbladder is neither externally visible nor essential.

## Eye agenesis

Eye agenesis is a medical condition in which people are born with no eyes.

## Dental & oral agenesis

* Anodontia, absence of all primary or permanent teeth.
* Aglossia, absence of the tongue.
* Agnathia, absence of the jaw.
* Wisdom tooth agenesis - most adult humans have three molars (on each upper/lower left/right side), with the third being referred to as the wisdom tooth. But many people have less than the four total. Agenesis of wisdom teeth is a normal condition that can differ widely by population, ranging from practically zero in Tasmanian Aborigines to nearly 100% in indigenous Mexicans. (See research paper with world map showing prevalence.)

## Ear agenesis

Ear agenesis is a medical condition in which people are born without ears.
Because the middle and inner ears are necessary for hearing, people with complete agenesis of the ears are totally deaf. Minor agenesis that affects only the visible parts of the outer ear, which may be called microtia, typically produces cosmetic concerns and perhaps hearing impairment if the opening to the ear canal is blocked, but not deafness.
# Title 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations

Title 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations (2 CFR), titled Grants and Agreements, is a United States federal-government regulation.
As of the January 1, 2022 revision, Title 2 comprises two subtitles: Subtitle A, Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements, and Subtitle B, Federal Agency Regulations for Grants and Agreements.
# Scotch Whisky Act 1988

The Scotch Whisky Act 1988 was an Act to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II on 28 June 1988, with the long title "An Act to make provision as to the definition of Scotch whisky and as to the production and sale of whisky; and for connected purposes.".
The act first set out a definition for Scotch whisky – "whisky (distilled and matured in Scotland) as conforms to a definition of Scotch whisky contained in an order made under this subsection by the Ministers".
It also made it illegal to sell whisky as "Scotch whisky" if it does not conform to the definitions laid out in the Act, or sell whisky with an alcoholic strength of more than 94.8%.
The Act was repealed in its entirety by the Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009 which came into effect on 23 November 2009.
# Stanley Watts

Stanley Watts may refer to:
* Stan Watts (1911–2000), American basketball
* Stanley J. Watts (born 1961), American artist and sculptor