# List of tree species by shade tolerance

A list of tree species, grouped generally by biogeographic realm and specifically by bioregions, and shade tolerance. Shade-tolerant species are species that are able to thrive in the shade, and in the presence of natural competition by other plants. Shade-intolerant species require full sunlight and little or no competition. Intermediate shade-tolerant trees fall somewhere in between the two.

## Americas
### Nearctic realm
#### Eastern North America

Shade tolerant
* Abies balsamea, Balsam Fir
* Acer negundo, Boxelder
* Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple
* Aesculus spp., Buckeyes
* Carpinus caroliniana, American Hornbeam
* Carya laciniosa, Shellbark Hickory
* Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic White Cypress or Atlantic White Cedar
* Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood
* Hamamelis virginiana, Witch-hazel
* Diospyros spp., Persimmon
* Fagus grandifolia, American Beech
* Ilex opaca, American Holly
* Magnolia grandiflora, Southern Magnolia
* Morus rubra, Red Mulberry
* Nyssa spp., Tupelos
* Ostrya virginiana, Eastern Hophornbeam
* Oxydendrum arboreum, Sourwood
* Picea glauca, White Spruce
* Picea mariana, Black Spruce
* Picea rubens, Red Spruce
* Tilia americana, Basswood
* Thuja occidentalis, Northern White Cedar
* Tsuga canadensis, Eastern Hemlock
* Ulmus rubra, Slippery Elm
Intermediate shade tolerant
* Acer rubrum, Red Maple
* Acer saccharinum, Silver Maple
* Betula alleghaniensis, Yellow Birch
* Betula lenta, Sweet Birch
* Carya spp., Hickories (except for Shellbark and Bitternut)
* Castanea dentata, American Chestnut
* Celtis occidentalis, Hackberry
* Fraxinus americana, White Ash
* Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
* Fraxinus nigra, Black Ash
* Magnolia spp., Magnolias
* Quercus alba, White Oak
* Quercus macrocarpa, Bur Oak
* Quercus nigra, Water Oak
* Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak
* Quercus velutina, Black Oak
* Pinus elliottii, Slash Pine
* Pinus strobus, Eastern White Pine
* Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
* Ulmus americana, American Elm
* Ulmus thomasii, Rock Elm
Shade intolerant
* Betula papyrifera, Paper Birch
* Betula populifolia, Gray Birch
* Carya cordiformis, Bitternut hickory
* Catalpa spp., Catalpas
* Carya illinoinensis, Pecan
* Gymnocladus dioicus, Kentucky Coffee Tree
* Juglans cinerea, Butternut
* Juglans nigra, Black Walnut
* Juniperus virginiana, Eastern Red Cedar
* Larix laricina, Tamarack
* Liriodendron tulipifera, Yellow-poplar
* Maclura pomifera, Osage Orange
* Pinus banksiana, Jack Pine
* Pinus echinata, Shortleaf Pine
* Pinus palustris, Longleaf Pine
* Pinus resinosa, Red Pine
* Pinus rigida, Pitch Pine
* Pinus taeda, Loblolly pine
* Pinus virginiana, Virginia Pine
* Platanus occidentalis, Sycamore
* Populus deltoides, Eastern Cottonwood
* Populus grandidentata, Big-Tooth Aspen
* Populus tremuloides, Quaking Aspen
* Prunus pensylvanica, Pin Cherry
* Prunus serotina, Black Cherry
* Quercus stellata, Post Oak
* Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust
* Ulmus alata, Winged elm
* Salix spp., Willows
* Sassafras spp., Sassafras

#### Western North America

Shade tolerant
* Abies amabilis, Pacific Silver Fir
* Abies concolor, White Fir
* Abies grandis, Grand Fir
* Abies lasiocarpa, Alpine Fir
* Acer circinatum, Vine Maple
* Acer macrophyllum, Big-leaf Maple
* Arbutus arizonica, Arizona Madrone
* Arbutus menziesii, Pacific Madrone
* Arbutus xalapensis, Texas Madrone
* Cupressus nootkatensis, Nootka Cypress
* Calocedrus decurrens, California Incense-cedar
* Notholithocarpus densiflorus, Tan Oak
* Picea engelmannii, Engelmann Spruce
* Picea sitchensis, Sitka Spruce
* Quercus chrysolepis, Canyon Live Oak
* Sebastiania pavoniana, Mexican jumping bean
* Sequoia sempervirens, Coast Redwood
* Sequoiadendron giganteum, Giant Sequoia
* Taxus brevifolia, Pacific Yew
* Thuja plicata Western Red Cedar
* Torreya californica, California Torreya
* Tsuga heterophylla, Western Hemlock
* Tsuga mertensiana, Mountain Hemlock
* Umbellularia californica, California Laurel
Intermediate shade tolerant
* Abies magnifica, Red Fir
* Alnus rubra, Red Alder
* Cercis canadensis, Texas Redbud
* Chrysolepis spp., Golden Chinquapin
* Fraxinus latifolia, Oregon Ash
* Juniperus ashei, Ashe Juniper
* Picea pungens, Colorado Blue spruce
* Prunus mexicana, Mexican Plum
* Pinus lambertiana, Sugar Pine
* Pinus monticola Western White Pine
* Pinus radiata, Monterey Pine
* Pseudotsuga spp., Douglas-fir
* Quercus garryana, Oregon White Oak
* Quercus lobata, valley oak
Shade intolerant
* Abies procera, Noble Fir
* Juniperus californica, California Juniper
* Juniperus deppeana, Alligator Juniper
* Juniperus monosperma, One-seed Juniper
* Juniperus occidentalis, Western Juniper
* Juniperus osteosperma, Utah Juniper
* Juniperus scopulorum, Rocky Mountain Juniper
* Larix lyallii, Alpine Larch
* Larix occidentalis, Western Larch
* Pinus albicaulis, Whitebark Pine
* Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine
* Pinus attenuata, Knobcone Pine
* Pinus balfouriana, Foxtail Pine
* Pinus contorta, Lodgepole Pine
* Pinus coulteri, Coulter Pine
* Pinus flexilis, Limber Pine
* Pinus jeffreyi, Jeffrey Pine
* Pinus longaeva, Great Basin Bristlecone Pine
* Pinus muricata, Bishop Pine
* Pinus ponderosa, Ponderosa Pine
* Pinus sabineana, Gray Pine
* Pinus Ducampopinus spp., Piñon Pines
* Populus fremontii, Fremont Cottonwood
* Populus tremuloides, Quaking aspen

## Eurasia
### Palearctic realm
#### Central Europe

Shade tolerant
* Abies alba, European Silver Fir, especially shade tolerant
* Acer platanoides, Norway Maple
* Acer pseudoplatanus, Sycamore Maple
* Carpinus betulus, European Hornbeam
* Fagus sylvatica, European Beech, especially shade tolerant
* Ilex aquifolium, European Holly
* Ostrya carpinifolia, European Hop-Hornbeam
* Prunus avium, Wild Cherry
* Sorbus domestica, True Service Tree
* Sorbus torminalis, Wild Service Tree
* Taxus baccata, European Yew, especially shade tolerant
* Ulmus glabra, Wych Elm
* Ulmus laevis, European White Elm
Intermediate shade tolerant
* Acer campestre, Field Maple
* Acer monspessulanum, Montpellier Maple
* Acer opalus, Italian Maple
* Alnus glutinosa, Black Alder
* Alnus incana, Grey Alder
* Castanea sativa, Sweet Chestnut
* Fraxinus excelsior, European Ash
* Fraxinus ornus, Manna Ash
* Juglans regia, Common Walnut
* Mespilus germanica, Common Medlar
* Picea abies, Norway Spruce
* Pinus cembra, Swiss Pine
* Prunus padus, Bird Cherry
* Pyrus pyraster, European Wild Pear
* Quercus cerris, Turkey Oak
* Quercus petraea, Sessile Oak
* Sorbus aria, Whitebeam
* Sorbus aucuparia, European Rowan
* Sorbus intermedia, Swedish Whitebeam
* Tilia cordata, Small-leafed Linden
* Tilia platyphyllos, Large-leafed Linden
* Ulmus minor, Field Elm
Shade intolerant
* Betula pendula, Silver Birch, especially high light requirement
* Betula pubescens, Downy Birch
* Juniperus communis, Common Juniper
* Larix decidua, European Larch, especially high light requirement
* Malus sylvestris, European Crab Apple
* Pinus mugo, Mountain Pine
* Pinus nigra, European Black Pine
* Pinus sylvestris, Scots Pine
* Populus alba, Silver Poplar
* Populus nigra, Black Poplar
* Populus tremula, Aspen
* Quercus pubescens, Downy Oak
* Quercus robur, Pedunculate Oak
* Salix alba, White Willow
* Salix caprea, Goat Willow
* Salix fragilis, Crack Willow