OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank Pierrepont Graves

Frank Pierrepont Graves (July 23, 1869 – September 13, 1956) was Commissioner of the New York State Education Department from 1921 to 1940. Prior to assuming the commissionership, Graves was a noted historian of education, college administrator, and author.

## Early life and education

Graves was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 23, 1869. He was educated in the Brooklyn Public schools, and attended Columbia University, earning an A.B. in 1889 and a Ph.D. in Greek in 1892. He gained membership in Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Delta Kappa, and Phi Beta Phi. In 1895, he married Helen Hope Wadsworth.

## Academic career

Graves taught Greek at Columbia for two years and at Tufts College for five. He later became president of the State University of Wyoming for two years, and president of the University of Washington for five years. Both institutions quadrupled their enrollment during his tenure.
This experience heightened Dr. Graves' interest in the history of education; and so he returned to Columbia and earned another Doctorate, this time in Education. Graves went on to become professor of the History of Education at the University of Missouri, Ohio State University, and the University of Pennsylvania, over a period from 1904 to 1921. During this time he also taught at the University of Wisconsin, the University of Chicago, and at Columbia.

## Commissioner in New York

Graves became Commissioner of the New York State Education Department in 1921, and held that post under six governors, for nearly two decades. Under his tenure, the state took major steps in rural school consolidation, an important, if often very controversial, endeavor. Graves is the longest-serving commissioner in the history of the department to date. During his tenure, Graves was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1927. After his retirement, he passed the bar exam in 1943. By the end of his career, Graves held 43 academic degrees. In 1937, Graves ruled that Rose Freistater was ineligible to be issued a teaching license for being overweight.
His wife Helen died in 1943, and he remarried to Jessie Chase Malcolm.
Graves died in Albany on September 13, 1956.

## Selected publications

* Burial Customs of the Greeks, (Columbia University)
* A History of Education Before the Middle Ages, (MacMillan)
* A History of Education During the Middle Ages, (MacMillan)
* A History of Education in Modern Times, (MacMillan)
* Great Educators of Three Centuries, (MacMillan)
* Peter Ramus and the Educational Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century, (MacMillan)
* A Student's History of Education, (MacMillan)
* What Did Jesus Teach?, (MacMillan)
# Fransen

Fransen is a Dutch patronymic surname meaning "son of Frans". It can refer to:
* Frederic J. Fransen (born 1965), American philanthropy consultant
* Isaäc Dignus Fransen van de Putte (1822–1902), Dutch politician
* Jayda Fransen (born 1986), English Fascist politician
* Joeri Fransen (born 1981), Belgian pop singer
* Lieve Fransen (born 1950), Belgian civil servant and health activist
* Piet Fransen (1936–2015), Dutch footballer
* Remona Fransen (born 1985), Dutch athlete
* Roy Fransen (1916–1985), English high diver and stuntman
* Stephan Fransen (born 1988), Dutch tennis player
# François Auguste Claude

François Auguste Claude (30 December 1858 – 15 July 1938) was a French astronomer who worked at the Bureau des Longitudes which dealt with the measurement of longitude and the maintenance of standard time. He designed the first prismatic astrolabe in 1899.
Claude was born in Strasbourg and following the annexation of the Alsace region by Germany in 1871 he chose French citizenship and served in the army. He then worked as a designer for six years and joined the Bureau des Longitudes at the Parc de Montsouris in Paris. Despite having no formal university degrees, he became assistant calculator in 1884 and rose to the position of director in 1929. His most important contribution was the design of a (60°) prismatic astrolabe which he published first in 1899 and then improved in collaboration with the hydrographer Joseph-Ferdinand-Ludovic Driencourt (1858-1940). This design was manufactured by Jobin of Paris and available in three sizes in the 1910s. It included a magnetic compass, a graduated circular scale to measure angle from the magnetic north. A pan of mercury below acted as a perfect mirror. When a star reached a specific ascension angle above the horizon (60° in this case), its image and its reflection would be aligned in the viewfinder to obtain a precise angular measurement. A mercury mirror below the prism allowed aligning of This was further modified by Andre Danjon in 1938 and more popularly referred to as the Danjon astrolabe.
# François Massieu

François Jacques Dominique Massieu (4 August 1832 – 5 February 1896) was a French thermodynamics engineer noted for his two 1869 characteristic functions, each of which known as a Massieu function (the first of which sometimes called free entropy), as cited by American engineer Willard Gibbs in his 1876 On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances.
# Frea humeraloides

Frea humeraloides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1969.
# Frea jaguaritoides

Frea jaguaritoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1977.
# Sokolović family

In the Ottoman period, in the 16th century, there was an influential Sokolović family in the Sanjak of Bosnia that had two branches, one that was Eastern Orthodox Christian and was dominant in the Serbian Orthodox Church, while the other became Islamized, and was influential in the Ottoman government. The Orthodox branch included patriarchs Makarije Sokolović (s. 1557–71), Antonije Sokolović (s. 1571–75), Gerasim Sokolović (s. 1575–86) and Savatije Sokolović (s. 1587). The Muslim branch included Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (Mehmed-paša Sokolović), the Ottoman Grand Vizier (s. 1565–79), Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha Grand vizier (1602-1604), Sokollu Ferhad Pasha (Ferhad-paša Sokolović) the Beylerbey of Bosnia, and Sokollu Mustafa Pasha (Mustafa-paša Sokolović) the beylerbey of Budin.

## Coat of arms

One of the coat of arms included in the Korenić-Neorić Armorial (1595) and the Fojnica Armorial (1675–88) claimed to be that of the "Sokolovich". The coat of arms most likely was attributed to the Sokolović of Glasinac (Sokolac region).
# Free Ilocos

Free Ilocos was a state in Northern Luzon which was declared independent by revolutionary Diego Silang in December 14, 1762. Villa Fernandina (now Vigan) was designated as the capital of the independent state. Diego Silang led a revolt to liberate Ilocos from Spanish colonial rule taking advantage of the Spanish colonial government's momentary loss due to the British occupation of Manila. Diego Silang accepted an offer of protection and friendship sent by the British Governor of Manila, Dawsonne Drake, on September 24, 1762. Free Ilocos was effectively disestablished upon Diego Silang's assassination in 1763.
# Soldiers' Monument in Bristol, Connecticut

Soldiers' Monument is in Bristol, Connecticut, on top of a hill in the city’s West Cemetery. The monument is an obelisk with a brownstone eagle on top. At the base on its eastern side, there is a dedication honoring the men from Bristol who fought and died for their country. To the west of the monument is a marker honoring veterans of other wars.
Each face of the Soldiers’ Monument honors several men from Bristol who died during the American Civil War, and one or more of the battles that were fought. The east face honors 14 Bristol residents who died during the Civil War, and the men who fought and died at the Battle of Antietam. The north face lists 13 residents who died as prisoners of war, two residents who were lost at sea, and the battles of Fredericksburg and Plymouth. The west face lists 13 names, and the battles of Fort Wagner and Irish Bend. The south face lists 12 names, and the battles of Gettysburg and New Bern.

## History

A committee, known as the Bristol Soldiers’ Monument Committee, was formed in 1865 when Josiah F. Peck Sr. suggested it. The purpose of this committee was to gather funds for the purpose of creating a Soldiers’ Monument. The committee decided that each member of the town should contribute $1.00 towards building a Soldiers’ Monument. However, there were logistical difficulties communicating with the 3500 people who lived in Bristol, and not all contributed. The committee also created a subcommittee, consisting of six men and seven women, whose purpose was to organize a Strawberry Festival and use the profits from the Festival to help build the monument. On October 16, 1865, Josiah F. Peck Sr. and James G. Batterson, an entrepreneur from Hartford, reached an agreement. Mr. Batterson had agreed to furnish and erect a Soldiers’ monument in Bristol. They agreed that the monument would be six feet six inches at the base, twenty five feet high, that it would be made out of the best quality Brown Portland Stone, and that there would be an inscription that is dedicated to the soldiers from Bristol who fought and died for their country. As for Mr. Peck, he agreed to complete the foundation, furnish transportation for the monument, purchase the site of land, help erect the monument, and pay Mr. Batterson $1500 for the monument and the lettering.

## Current status

Some of Bristol’s citizens believe that the erosion of the monument is imminent and are trying to erect a new memorial. They hope to be able to erect this new monument on Memorial Boulevard. Their goal is to have the new monument dedicated on Memorial Day 2011. In order to reach their goal of $15,000, they sold small commemorative cards and artificial roses for $1 each. A pink granite monument was erected on Memorial Boulevard in 2011.
# Gonzalo Macías

Gonzalo Macías (c. 1509, Calamonte, Extremadura, Castile – ?, Tunja, New Kingdom of Granada) was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the expedition from Santa Marta into the Muisca Confederation that was led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada from 1536 to 1538. He settled in Tunja, formerly called Hunza, as seat of the zaque.

## Personal life

Gonzalo Macías was born around 1509 in the Extremaduran town of Calamonte. He married Juana Moreno de Figueroa, who was also from Calamonte, and the couple had two daughters, Leonor and Juana Macías de Figueroa. His daughter Leonor Macías de Figueroa married conquistador Pedro Luis de Sanabria, who was active in the conquest of Venezuela under Jerónimo de Ortal, and also served under Sebastián de Belalcázar in Ecuador and southern Colombia. Juana married Francisco Salguero with whom she founded the Santa Clara Monastery in Tunja in 1573, the first clarissan monastery for nuns in the Americas.
# Soap Opera Digest Award for Hottest Female Star

The Soap Opera Digest Award for Hottest Female Star has been given every year since the 9th Soap Opera Digest Award in 1993 until 1999.
In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees.

## Recipients

| Year | Recipients | Program | Role | Network |
| 1993 | Crystal Chappell | Days of Our Lives | Carly Manning | NBC |
| 1994 | Melissa Reeves | Days of Our Lives | Jennifer Horton Deveraux | NBC |
| 1995 | Kristina Wagner | General Hospital | Felicia Jones | ABC |
| 1996 | Lynn Herring | General Hospital | Lucy Coe | ABC |
| 1997 | Vanessa Marcil | General Hospital | Brenda Barrett | ABC |
| 1998 | Sharon Case | The Young and the Restless | Sharon Newman | CBS |
| 1999 | Kristian Alfonso | Days of Our Lives | Hope Williams Black | NBC |

## Total awards won

| Wins | Series |
| 3 | Days of Our Lives |
| 3 | General Hospital |
| 1 | The Young and the Restless |
# Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade

The Free Sunnis of Baalbek Brigade, also known as the Ahrar al-Sunna Baalbek Brigade, was a Sunni jihadist group active in Lebanon. It first rose to prominence in November 2013 when it retaliated against the Shia Islamist group Hezbollah, after clashes between locals Sunnis in Baalbek and members of Hezbollah. The group is known for attacking the Iranian embassy in Beirut in 2013 and attacking Christian churches. On 30 June 2014, the group pledged its allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
# Goodenia iyouta

Goodenia iyouta is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a prostrate herb with toothed, egg-shaped to elliptic stem-leaves, and racemes of dark yellow or cream-coloured flowers with a distinct pouch.

## Description

Goodenia iyouta is a prostrate herb with stems up to 120 cm (47 in) long. The leaves are arranged on the stems, egg-shaped to elliptic 20–70 mm (0.79–2.76 in) long, 8–17 mm (0.31–0.67 in) wide and toothed to almost lobed. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long with leaf-like bracts, each flower on a pedicel up to 40 mm (1.6 in) long. The sepals are narrow oblong, about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long, the corolla dark yellow or cream-coloured with a distinct pouch, 11–15 mm (0.43–0.59 in) long. The lower lobes of the corolla are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long with wings about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) wide. Flowering occurs from about June to September and the fruit is more or less spherical capsule about 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia iyouta was first formally described in 1980 by Roger Charles Carolin in the journal Telopea from material collected in 1965. The specific epithet (iyouta) is an Aboriginal word for Triodia species, with which G. iyouta often grows.

## Distribution and habitat

This goodenia grows in red, sandy soil in the northern Gibson Desert and near Roebourne in Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Goodenia iyouta is classified as "not threatened" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia).
# Soccia

Soccia is a commune in the Corse-du-Sud department of France on the island of Corsica.
# Fredrik Lundberg

Fredrik Lundberg (born 5 August 1951) is a Swedish businessman. His father was Lars Erik Lundberg (1920-2001) founder of L E Lundbergföretagen. Fredrik Lundberg is president and CEO of L E Lundbergföretagen, of which he inherited a controlling stake from his father. He is the ninth wealthiest person in Sweden, and on number 529 of the richest people in the world according to Forbes magazine 2019.
Fredrik Lundberg enjoys hunting and was a one-time unofficial world junior champion of curling. He is also a supporter of IFK Norrköping and has financially supported their endeavours to return to Allsvenskan.
In June 2011 he received the award Chair of the Year 2011 Årets Ordförande for his work in Cardo AB from Styreinformasjon as in Oslo.
# Fredrik Lundh Sammeli

Carl Roland Fredrik Lundh Sammeli (born 1977) is a Swedish politician, air force officer and member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he has represented Norrbotten County since October 2006.
Lundh Sammeli is the son of Ebbe Lundh and Chatrine Lundh (née Nilsson). He was educated in Piteå and at the Air Force Officers College (FOHS) in Halmstad. He has been an officer in the Norrbotten Wing since 1999. He has been a member of the municipal council in Luleå Municipality from 2002 until 2018, and on its municipal board from 2002 to 2006. Since 2015 he has been the chairman of the local Social Democratic Party in Norrbotten and a member of the national party board.
# Soldiers Hill

Soldiers Hill may refer to one of:

## Suburbs

* Soldiers Hill, Victoria, a suburb of Ballarat including the hill after which it was named
* Soldiers Hill, Queensland, a suburb of Mount Isa
* A landform (hill) near Culcairn, New South Wales
# Freedom 21

The Freedom 21 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Gary Hoyt and first built in 1982. It was available as a catboat or sloop rig.

## Production

The design was built by Tillotson Pearson for Freedom Yachts in the United States from 1982 to 1987, but it is now out of production.
A retractable twin wing keel, iron ballast version was also built in the United Kingdom and at least 40 were sold.

## Design

The Freedom 21 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a catboat rig with a freestanding carbon fiber mast and a fully-battened mainsail. A sloop rig was optional. The hull has a raked stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel or shoal draft keel.
The boat is normally fitted with a small 3 to 6 hp (2 to 4 kW) outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.
The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee berths in the main cabin. The galley is located on the starboard side just aft of the bow cabin. The galley is equipped with a sink. Cabin headroom is 54 in (140 cm).
For sailing the design is equipped with gun-mount spinnaker with a launching tube.
The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 260 and a hull speed of 5.6 kn (10.4 km/h).

## Variants
### Freedom 21

    This catboat model displaces 2,000 lb (907 kg) and carries 500 lb (227 kg) of ballast. The boat has a draft of 3.75 ft (1.14 m) with the standard keel.

### Freedom 21 SLP

    This sloop-rigged model displaces 1,800 lb (816 kg) and carries 500 lb (227 kg) of ballast. The boat has a draft of 3.80 ft (1.16 m) with the standard keel.

### Freedom 21 SLP SD

    This shoal draft model displaces 2,050 lb (930 kg) and has a draft of 2.00 ft (0.61 m).

## Operational history

In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "here's a catboat with a modern flavor ... The deep fin is a better performer, but hard to get off a trailer without a crane. Best features: Deep cockpit coamings and a cockpit well proportioned for good foot-bracing help make the Freedom 21 a pleasure to sail. So does the easy-to-control gunmount spinnaker arrangement, which allows you to douse the chute by just popping the halyard and lowering the chute into its launching tube by hauling on a retrieving line. Worst features: Going forward isn't always easy, since the port side is taken over by the chute launching tube. She's not fast upwind, especially as a catboat. (A staysail can be rigged.) And her unusual appearance, with dark, wraparound 'windshield,' may not appeal to everyone."
# Solidago speciosa

Solidago speciosa, the showy goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It grows in the province of Ontario in central Canada, as well as in the eastern and central United States (from the Atlantic coast west as far as the Great Plains, so from Maine to Georgia (except Delaware) west as far as Texas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas).
Solidago speciosa is a perennial herb up to 200 cm (80 inches, over 6 feet) tall, producing a thick underground caudex. One plant can produce as many as 5 stems, each with up to 300 small yellow flower heads.

## Varieties

* Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula Torr. & A.Gray - mostly in western portions of range
* Solidago speciosa var. speciosa - mostly in eastern portions of range
# Freshwater, Virginia

Freshwater is an unincorporated community in Nelson County, Virginia, United States.
# Frejlev

Frejlev is a satellite community just outside Aalborg, Denmark. Located some 3 km (2 mi) west of Skalborg and 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Aalborg's city centre, it belongs to the Municipality of Aalborg in the North Jutland Region, and had a population of 3,191 (1 January 2024).

## Notable people

* Ellen Christensen (1913 in Frejlev – 1998) a Danish nurse who became a resistance fighter during the German occupation of Denmark in WWII
* Thomas Enevoldsen (1987 in Frejlev – ) a Danish former professional footballer
# General Heiser

General Heiser may refer to:
* Rolland V. Heiser (1925–2016), U.S. Army lieutenant general
* Joseph M. Heiser Jr. (1914–1994), U.S. Army lieutenant general
# Hazard Lake

Hazard Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Washington.
Hazard Lake was named after Hazard Stevens, who operated a farm near the site.
# European Union food quality scandal

The European Union food quality scandal is a controversy claiming that certain food brands and items targeted at Central and Eastern European Union countries' markets are of lower quality than their exact equivalent produced for the Western European Union markets.
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker acknowledged the issue in his State of the Union address pledging funding to help national food authorities test the inferior products and start to tackle the food inequality. In April 2018 EU Justice and Consumers Commissioner Věra Jourová stated that "We will step up the fight against dual food quality. We have amended the Unfair Commercial Practice Directive to make it black and white that dual food quality is forbidden."
# List of Tibetan-language films

A list of films produced in Tibetan.
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre |
| 2012 |||||
| "Dolma" A Tibetan Short Film | Jim Sanjay | | Children Film |
| 1997 |||||
| Seven Years in Tibet | Jean-Jacques Annaud | | Drama |
| Kundun | Martin Scorsese | | Drama |
| 1999 |||||
| The Cup | Khyentse Norbu | | |
| Himalaya | Eric Valli | | |
| 2000 |||||
| Yeshe Dolma | Fei Xie | | Drama |
| 2001 |||||
| Samsara | | Nalin Pan | |
| 2003 |||||
| Travelers and Magicians | Khyentse Norbu | | |
| 2004 |||||
| Kekexili: Mountain Patrol | Lu Chuan | | |
| 2005 |||||
| Dreaming Lhasa | Ritu Sarin and Tenzing Sonam | | |
| 2006 |||||
| Milarepa | Neten Chokling | Gimyan Lodro | Drama |
| 2007 |||||
| Metse | Sonam Wangdue | | Indian documentary on Tibetan exiles. |
| Fate of the Lhapa | Sarah Sifers | | Documentary |
# Ransom (Pendulum song)

"Ransom" is a song by Australian drum and bass band Pendulum. It was released as a charity digital download single from the official Pendulum website with 100% of proceeds from the sale going to two charities, The Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders (MSF) who did work in Japan following the 2011 earthquake and tsunami there. It peaked at number 193 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Background

"Ransom" was released as a charity single with all the proceeds from the single going to The Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders (MSF). Rob Swire talked about the song by saying, "As you may or may not know, we excluded a number of tracks from the final version of ‘Immersion’. One in particular caused considerable outcry amongst fans, a little track called ‘Ransom’ that we made for Miami WMC 2009. It was omitted from the album because we didn't think it fit, and we were waiting for a good enough reason to let people have it. Given the recent tragic events in Japan, we thought it would be a good idea to finally make it available on our website and donate the proceeds to charities which we feel have the best chance of helping out. We don't make anything, the label doesn’t make anything – 100% of the proceeds will be divided equally between the Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders (MSF)". Since Summer 2011 Ransom has been the intro for Pendulum's live shows.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) | 193 |
# Little Missouri (horse)

Little Missouri (April 23, 1982 – September 8, 2006) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse.
Bred in Kentucky by Mrs. Maxwell Wood, Little Missouri was owned and raced by John Ed Anthony's Loblolly Stable of Lake Hamilton, Arkansas. Under trainer Rusty Arnold, he had his best season as a four-year-old in 1986 when he won the Grade I Brooklyn Handicap and the then GII Stuyvesant Handicap, the latter a race his sire Cox's Ridge had won in 1977.

## As a Sire

Retired from racing, Little Missouri sired six stakes winners including the 1993 U.S. Champion three-year-old colt and Preakness Stakes winner, Prairie Bayou. At the end of the 2005 breeding season he was pensioned and on September 8, 2006 was euthanized due to the infirmities of old age at Foxhills Farm in Lexington, Kentucky where he was buried.