OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Symphony No. 9 (Davies)

The Symphony No. 9, Op. 315, is an orchestral composition by Peter Maxwell Davies, composed from December 2011 to March 2012, and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her diamond jubilee. It was premiered on 9 June 2012 by the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, conducted by Vasily Petrenko.

## History

At the time of the premiere of his Eighth, Antarctic Symphony in 2001, Davies stated it would be his last symphony. By May 2010, he had changed his mind and announced he would compose a Ninth Symphony in honour of the diamond jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.

## Character and materials

The work is scored for full orchestra with brass sextet. It is one continuous movement divided into two parts, part one consisting of a slow introduction followed by an allegro, part two which is slow throughout. Musical influences include medieval plainsong, 13th century polyphony, military marches and the string quartet Op. 54 no. 2 by Haydn. Cultural influences include the architecture of certain Christian churches and recent military interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan.
# Jeep trail

Jeep trail is a term originating in the United States to designate unpaved roads designed and maintained for use solely by high-clearance four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicles, regardless of the vehicle manufacturer. Only the more difficult unpaved roads are considered jeep trails while gravel or dirt roads passable in conventional vehicles are simply unpaved roads. The word jeep in this usage is normally spelled with all lowercase letters, the brand name of Jeep being just one of many that is drivable on difficult road surfaces.
One of the most well-known jeep trails is the Rubicon Trail located west of Lake Tahoe in California. The town of Ouray, Colorado serves as a hub for four-wheel drive excursions through mountain passes such as Engineer Pass and Cinnamon Pass—together forming the Alpine Loop National Back Country Byway—as well as Imogene Pass and Black Bear Pass. Moab, Utah hosts the famous Easter Jeep Safari and has numerous trails in the surrounding area, including Hell's Revenge, Pritchett Canyon, Metal Masher, Moab Rim, Cliff Hanger and Poison Spider Mesa. Canyonlands National Park contains several 4WD roads including White Rim Road, Elephant Hill and the Doll House. Other national parks, including Arches, Capitol Reef and Death Valley, have 4WD roads leading to various features within their boundaries.
# Tritonia ramosa

Tritonia ramosa is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.
# Alessandro (disambiguation)

Alessandro is both a masculine Italian given name and a surname.
Alessandro may also refer to:
* Alessandro (opera), a 1726 opera by Handel
* Alessandro, California, US

## People

* Alessandro, Signor of Ottajano (1560–1606), Italian patrician
* Alessandro, Marquis de Maffei (1662–1730), Italian military officer
* Alessandro, 1st Duke of Castel Duino (1881–1937)
* Alessandro (footballer, born 1977), Alessandro da Conceição Pinto, Brazilian right-back
* Alessandro (footballer, born March 1982), Alessandro Nunes, Brazilian football striker
* Alessandro (footballer, born August 1982), Alessandro Viana da Silva, Brazilian left-back
* Alessandro (footballer, born 1983) (1983–2005), Alessandro Pinheiro Martins, Brazilian defensive midfielder
* Alessandro (footballer, born 1988), Alessandro Felipe Oltramari, Brazilian goalkeeper
# Trzciniec

Trzciniec may refer to the following places:
* Trzciniec, Gmina Białe Błota in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Gmina Sicienko in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Nakło County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Gmina Lubartów in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Trzciniec, Gmina Michów in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Trzciniec, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Gmina Chodel in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Trzciniec, Gmina Łaziska in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
* Trzciniec, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Mława County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Pułtusk County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Siedlce County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Warsaw West County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Trzciniec, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Trzciniec, Drawsko County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Trzciniec, Myślibórz County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
It may also refer to the Bronze Age Trzciniec culture
# Albert Döderlein

Albert Sigmund Gustav Döderlein (5 July 1860, Augsburg – 10 December 1941, Munich) was a German obstetrician and gynecologist. He was the father of gynecologist Gustav Döderlein.

## Biography

He studied medicine at the University of Erlangen, and from 1893 to 1897 was an associate professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the University of Leipzig. Afterwards, he was a full professor at the Universities of Groningen (1897), Tübingen (from 1897 to 1907) and Munich (from 1907 to 1934).

## Contributions

He is considered one the founders of gynecological bacteriology. He was among the first to use radiotherapeutics in cancer therapy and is credited with introducing rubber gloves in obstetrics and gynecology. His name is associated with the Döderlein vaginal bacillus, a large, gram-positive bacterium that he first described in 1892.

## Published works

* Leitfaden für den geburtshilflichen Operationskurs, Leipzig 1893.
* Über Vergangenheit und Gegenwart der Geburtshülfe, Leipzig 1897.
* Operative Gynäkologie, Leipzig 1905; (with Bernhard Krönig).
* Handbuch der Geburtshilfe, 4 volumes, Wiesbaden 1915–1921.
# AYF

AYF may refer to:
* American Youth Football
* American Youth Foundation
* Armenian Youth Federation
# Szczecin Scientific Society

Szczecin Scientific Society (Polish: Szczecińskie Towarzystwo Naukowe, STN, Latin: Societas Scientarum Scecinensis) is a general scientific society in Szczecin, Poland, associating researchers of all scientific branches.
It was founded in 1956 with its headquarters in Szczecin as the main scientific society in the Western Pomerania region. Its main scope of activity is research on all aspects of (West) Pomeranian cities and regions, it organizes scientific conferences and popular lectures, publishes books and periodicals.
Main publications:
* Prace Wydziałów STN
* Naukowy Informator Pomorza Zachodniego (since 1971)
# Schaps

Schaps is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eric Schaps (born 1942), education researcher
* Mary Schaps (born 1948), Israeli-American mathematician
# MOPP (chemotherapy)

MOPP is a combination chemotherapy regimen used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma. The acronym is derived from the component drugs of the regimen:
* (M)ustargen (also known as mechlorethamine, chlormethine, mustine, nitrogen mustard, or MSD)
* (O)ncovin (also known as Vincristine or VCR)
* (P)rocarbazine (also known as Matulane or Natulan)
* (P)rednisone (also known as Deltasone or Orasone)

## Process

The treatment is usually administered in four week cycles, often for six cycles. MSD and VCR are administered intravenously, while procarbazine and prednisone are pills taken orally. A newer Hodgkin lymphoma treatment is ABVD.
C-MOPP involves switching the nitrogen mustard from mechlorethamine to cyclophosphamide. C-MOPP is thus very similar to COPP, using the same 4 agents and differing at most in dosages and timing.

## Dosage

| Drug | Dose | Mode | Days |
| (M)ustargen | 6 mg/m$^2$ | IV bolus | Days 1 and 8 |
| (O)ncovin | 1.4 mg/m$^2$ (max. 2 mg) | IV bolus | Days 1 and 8 |
| (P)rocarbazine | 100 mg/m$^2$ | PO qd | Days 1-14 |
| (P)rednisone | 40 mg/m$^2$ | PO qd | Days 1-14 |

## History

MOPP was the first combination chemotherapy brought in that achieved a high success rate. It was developed at the National Cancer Institute in the 1960s by a team that included Vincent DeVita, Jr.
Although no longer the most effective combination, MOPP is still used after relapse or where the patient has certain allergies or lung or heart problems which prevents the use of another regimen.

## Side effects

There is 20% chance of developing a second cancer within 20 years of MOPP treatment. As a result, MOPP is rarely used any more for treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. MOPP has been known to cause alopecia (hair loss) and skin sensitivity (especially to sunlight). Nausea, vomiting, and stomach ache are common, as are chills, constipation, and frequent urination. Permanent sterility is a frequent side effect.
# Jimmy Harris (cornerback)

James C. Harris (born September 18, 1946) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and the Cincinnati Bengals. He played college football at Howard Payne University and was drafted in the seventh round of the 1970 NFL draft.
* This biographical article relating to an American football defensive back born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Kalutara Divisional Secretariat

Kalutara Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat of Kalutara District, of Western Province, Sri Lanka.
# Truncatella vincentiana

Truncatella vincentiana is a species of very small land snail that lives next to saltwater, a gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Truncatellidae.

## Distribution and habitat

This small snail is endemic to southern and southwestern Australia, including Tasmania. It lives in the intertidal zone, on mud flats.

## Description

The average shell length is 5 mm.
# Alberto Veronesi

Alberto Veronesi (Milan, 1965) is an Italian conductor. He is a student of Myung-Whun Chung.

## Discography

Veronesi began recording operas for Deutsche Grammophon in 2006 working with Plácido Domingo in rarer verismo repertoire such as Puccini’s Edgar and rare Puccini arias and duets, Leoncavallo’s I Medici and La Nuit de mai, and Giordano’s Fedora. In 2008 he recorded Mascagni's L'amico Fritz with Roberto Alagna and Angela Gheorghiu live in Berlin for Deutsche Grammophon.
# Tulumella

Tulumella is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Tulumellidae.
The species of this genus are found in Central America.
Species:
* Tulumella bahamensis Yager, 1988
* Tulumella grandis Yager, 1988
* Tulumella unidens Bowman & Iliffe, 1988
# Lisabata language

Lisabata–Nuniali, named after two of its dialects, is an Austronesian language of Seram in the Maluku archipelago of Indonesia.
# Scharada Dubey

Scharada Dubey (born 14 February 1961) is an Indian author of children's books and Creative non-fiction.

## Early life

Dubey was born in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, to Ganesh Dutt Dubey and Madhu Dubey. Her father worked for the government-owned telecom department, and this job resulted in frequent transfers to different parts of the country as she was growing up, from Jammu to Nagpur, Calcutta and Hyderabad. The family finally settled in Mumbai in 1971, after which she completed school at Kendriya Vidyalaya, Colaba, and graduated from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai in 1980. During this time she was also the winner of the Annual Essay Competition held by the Royal Commonwealth Society in 1973.

## Career

Dubey married in 1984 and moved to Chennai. Subsequently, her work was published under the name Scharada Bail until her divorce in 2008. During this time she authored children's stories for the children's edition of The Hindu, won successive awards from the Children's Book Trust, as also published a number of children's books. Some of the books written by her at this time were Malwa on my Mind, a travelogue set in Central India, A Necessary Journey, about a fictional adventure and The Hanuman Heart, a book with stories for children about the Hindu deity Hanuman, among others.
In 2008, following her divorce, she reverted to her maiden name after being published for many years as Scharada Bail. She also relocated to Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, where she lived for three years alongside the temple town of Ayodhya. This was how she wrote the book Portraits from Ayodhya: Living India’s Contradictions. Following this, she spent another two years in Uttar Pradesh in the capital city of Lucknow, before relocating once more. She presently lives and works in Pune, Maharashtra.
Dubey's children's books are described as introducing children to contemporary realities in an accessible and endearing manner. Her non-fiction work focuses on the lived experiences of ordinary people, and has been described as "humanising" the debate over the disputed site at Ayodhya through this method.
Dubey's most recent work Bol Bam (2013) is an account of the various spiritual journeys (yatras) made by devotees of Lord Shiva every year. Written as a travelogue, this book explores the various sites of Shiva pilgrimage across India through the author's own eyes as well as those of the many pilgrims who make these journeys. This book has been well received and commended for its honest style and portrayal of the human side of faith in modern India.
# Trabeculae of spleen

The fibroelastic coat of the spleen invests the organ, and at the hilum is reflected inward upon the vessels in the form of sheaths. From these sheaths, as well as from the inner surface of the fibroelastic coat, numerous small fibrous bands, the trabeculae of the spleen (or splenic trabeculae), emerge from all directions; these uniting, constitute the frame-work of the spleen.
The spleen therefore consists of a number of small spaces or areolae, formed by the trabeculae; in these areolae is contained the splenic pulp.
# Jimmy Harris

Jimmy Harris may refer to:

## Sports

* Jimmy Harris (cornerback) (born 1946), former American football cornerback for the Washington Redskins and Cincinnati Bengals
* Jimmy Harris (defensive back) (1934–2011), former American football defensive back for the Philadelphia Eagles, Los Angeles Rams, and Dallas Cowboys
* Jimmy Harris (footballer, born 1907) (1907–?), English footballer who played for West Ham United and Southampton
* Jimmy Harris (footballer, born 1933) (1933–2022), English footballer who played for Everton, Birmingham City and Oldham Athletic

## Others

* Jimmy Harris (politician), politician from New Orleans, Louisiana
* Jimmy Harris (EastEnders), fictional character in the UK soap opera EastEnders
# Kalju, Saare County

Kalju (also known as Kaljuküla) is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County, Estonia, on the island of Saaremaa. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 27.
There's an old wooden Pahna schoolhouse from 1877 located in Kalju village.
# Skarverennet

Skarverennet is a cross-country skiing race held in Norway, arranged by the club Geilo IL. The race begins in Finse, and runs along Hallingskarvet, before it finishes at Ustaoset, a total of 38km. There is an alternative stretch from Haugastøl to Ustaoset, which is 25km. The race takes place near the end of April, and was first organized in 1974.

## Participation

Due to the exposed nature of the race, it takes place in open mountain terrain, the safety of the racers is a priority, and so there is a limit of 14,000 competitors. The racers cross a wide spectrum, many elite cross country skiers and biathletes take part in the race, these are joined with juniors, mature, and recreational skiers, although it is dominated in numbers by Norwegians. The average time to finish is 4–5 hours,

## Winners

The 2012 race was the 39th Skarverenn. The men's race was won by Chris Jespersen in a time of 1:31.24 hours, followed by the more famous Petter Northug jr in second with a time of 1:32.29 hours. The women's class was won by Marit Bjørgen
# KDUB

KDUB may refer to:
* KDUB-LP, a low-power radio station (99.9 FM) licensed to serve Watsonville, California, United States
* KNSY, a radio station (89.7 FM) licensed to serve Dubuque, Iowa, United States, which held the call sign KDUB from 2004 to 2012
* KFXB-TV, a television station (channel 40) licensed to serve Dubuque, Iowa, which used the call signs KDUB or KDUB-TV until August 1995
# Tu Mingjing

Tu Mingjing (Chinese: 涂铭旌; 15 November 1928 – 1 January 2019) was a Chinese materials scientist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

## Biography

Tu was born in Ba County, Sichuan (now in Chongqing), on 15 November 1928. He secondary studied at the Affiliated Secondary School of Tongji University. In 1947 he was accepted to Tongji University, where he graduated in 1951. Then he successively studied at the Harbin Institute of Technology and University of Science and Technology Beijing, earning a master's degree.
After university, he became a lecturer at Tongji University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Xi'an Jiao Tong University. In 1983 he was a visiting scholar at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In August 1988 he was transferred to the University of Science and Technology of Chengdu, where he served as dean of its Research Institute of High Technology. In 1994 he became a professor at the Sichuan University. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1995. In November 2008 he was hired as professor of the Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences.
On 1 January 2019, he died of illness in Chengdu, Sichuan.

## Awards

* State Natural Science Award
* State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class)
# Ilaiyankudi block

Ilaiyankudi block is a revenue block in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 52 panchayat villages.Ilayangudi is a Tehsil / Block (CD) in the Sivaganga District of Tamil Nadu. According to Census 2011 information the sub-district code of Ilayangudi block is 05834. Total area of Ilayangudi is 409 km$^2$ including 391.88 km$^2$ rural area and 16.86 km$^2$ urban area. Ilayangudi has a population of 1,09,267 peoples. There are 28,395 houses in the sub-district. There are about 52 villages in Ilayangudi block, villages list below.
List of Villages in Ilayangudi :
| 1. Akkavayal | 2. Alavidangan | 3. Aranaiyur | 4. Aranmanaikarai | 5. Devathakudi |
| 6. Ilamanur | 7. Ilayangudi North | 8. Ilayangudi South | 9. Kalaikulam | 10. Kalangathankottai |
| 11. Kannamangalam | 12. Karaikulam | 13. Karunchutti | 14. Katchathanallur | 15. Kattanur |
| 16. Keelanettur | 17. Keelayur | 18. Kottaiyur | 19. Kumarakurichi | 20. Kurichi |
| 21. Melapidariseri | 22. Melathuraiyur | 23. Melayur | 24. Mulliyarendal | 25. Munaivendri |
| 26. Muthur | 27. N Andakudi | 28. Nagamuganthankudi | 29. Nageraakudi | 30. Nenjathur |
| 31. Perumbacheri | 32. Pudukkottai | 33. Salaigramam | 34. Samudram | 35. Sathanur |
| 36. Seevalathi | 37. Sethugudi | 38. Sirupalai | 39. Sooranam | 40. Thayamangalam |
| 41. Thiruudayarpuram | 42. Thugavoor | 43. Tiruvallur | 44. Udayanoor | 45. Uthamanur |
| 46. Vadakkukeeranur | 47. Valayanendal | 48. Vallakulam | 49. Vandal | 50. Vijayangudi |
| 51. Virayathakandan | 52. Visavanoor |
Village Population in Ilayangudi :
| Population Size | No. of Villages |
| Less Than 200 | N/A |
| 200-499 | 1 |
| 500-999 | 11 |
| 1000-1999 | 27 |
| 2000-4999 | 11 |
| 5000-9999 | 1 |
| 10000 and above | N/A |
Population of Ilayangudi :
| Population Type | Male Population | Female Population | Total population |
| Rural | 41,540 | 42,960 | 84,500 |
| Urban | 12,448 | 12,319 | 24,767 |
| Total | 53,988 | 52,279 | 1,09,267 |
Households in Ilayangudi :
| Rural Households | Urban Households | Total Households |
| 22,448 | 5,947 | 28,395 |
# William Baxter (Scottish politician)

William Baxter (4 December 1911 – 20 April 1979) was a British Labour Party politician, building contractor and farmer.
He was a conscientious objector in the Second World War.
Having served as a councillor, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for West Stirlingshire from 1959 until he stood down at the October 1974 general election.
He was asked to stand down by his Constituency Labour Party after the indecisive election of February 1974, when he appeared on television calling for an all-party government of national unity, and suggested that the Duke of Edinburgh could chair its meetings.
In 1961, as a protest against bipartisan support for British nuclear weapons, he voted against the Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and British Army Estimates in the House of Commons, and was suspended from the Labour Party Whip from March 1961 until May 1963.
Baxter received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1976.
# Lisabeth H. Muhrer

Lisabeth H. Muhrer is a Norwegian handball player. She played 27 matches for the Norwegian national team between 1971 and 1977. She participated at the 1975 World Women's Handball Championship, where the Norwegian team placed 8th.
# Hyponormal operator

In mathematics, especially operator theory, a hyponormal operator is a generalization of a normal operator. In general, a bounded linear operator T on a complex Hilbert space H is said to be p-hyponormal ($0<p\leq 1$) if:
    $(T^{*}T)^{p}\geq (TT^{*})^{p}$
(That is to say, $(T^{*}T)^{p}-(TT^{*})^{p}$ is a positive operator.) If $p=1$, then T is called a hyponormal operator. If $p=1/2$, then T is called a semi-hyponormal operator. Moreover, T is said to be log-hyponormal if it is invertible and
    $\log(T^{*}T)\geq \log(TT^{*}).$
An invertible p-hyponormal operator is log-hyponormal. On the other hand, not every log-hyponormal is p-hyponormal.
The class of semi-hyponormal operators was introduced by Xia, and the class of p-hyponormal operators was studied by Aluthge, who used what is today called the Aluthge transformation.
Every subnormal operator (in particular, a normal operator) is hyponormal, and every hyponormal operator is a paranormal convexoid operator. Not every paranormal operator is, however, hyponormal.
# Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa of penis

From the internal surface of the fibrous envelope of the corpora cavernosa penis, as well as from the sides of the septum, numerous bands or cords are given off, which cross the interior of these corpora cavernosa in all directions, subdividing them into a number of separate compartments, and giving the entire structure a spongy appearance.
These bands and cords are called the trabeculae of corpora cavernosa of penis, and consist of white fibrous tissue, elastic fibers, and plain muscular fibers. In them are contained numerous arteries and nerves.
The component fibers which form the trabeculae are larger and stronger around the circumference than at the centers of the corpora cavernosa; they are also thicker behind than in front.
The interspaces (cavernous spaces), on the contrary, are larger at the center than at the circumference, their long diameters being directed transversely.
They are filled with blood, and are lined by a layer of flattened cells similar to the endothelial lining of veins.
# Trichatelais kaszabi

Trichatelais kaszabi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1975.