OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff

Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff (27 February 1860 – 26 March 1942) was a Dutch geologist, biologist and explorer. He became an authority on the geology of South Africa and the Dutch East Indies.
Gustaaf Molengraaff studied mathematics and physics at Leiden University. From 1882 he studied at Utrecht University. As a student he made his first journey overseas when he joined the 1884–1885 expedition to the Dutch Antilles led by Willem Frederik Reinier Suringar and Karl Martin. He became PhD with a thesis on the geology of Sint Eustatius. He studied crystallography in Munich, where he also took the opportunity to study the geology of the Alps nearby.
In 1888 Molengraaff took a job as a teacher at the University of Amsterdam. Before his assignment courses in geology were given by the chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff. During his assignment in Amsterdam, Molengraaff travelled to South Africa to study gold deposits (1891) and to Borneo (1894) where he explored large parts of the inland. Teaching at Amsterdam was not to his liking, because there were too little materials and students available.
In 1897 Molengraaff became "state geologist" of the Transvaal Republic. His task was to start the geological survey of the Transvaal. While mapping the Transvaal he discovered the Bushveld complex. In 1900 he got involved in the Second Boer War and had to return to the Netherlands. This gave him time to write a report on the geology of the Transvaal, and travel to Celebes, where he (again) studied gold deposits.
Due to his reputation as a geologist he could return to South Africa in 1901 to work as a geological consultant. One of his assignments was to describe the newly found Cullinan diamond for the Central Bank of South Africa. Meanwhile the Boer War still had his attention. One of his ideas was to give each soldier a small tin identity card, which later became practice in armies around the world.
In 1906 he became professor at Delft University and this time he got enough resources and students to make his work successful. The same year he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1910-1911 he led a geological expedition to Timor. His research at Delft was mainly on the material collected during that expedition, and on the geology of the Netherlands. In 1922 he was a guide, along with A L Hall, of the Shaler Memorial Expedition to South Africa, organized by Harvard University. On the expedition he met Alexander Du Toit, both geologists were among the (at that time rare) supporters of Alfred Wegeners' continental drift theory.
Molengraaff was a close friend of W. F. Gisolf, who named his youngest son after him but died in a Japanese concentration camp.
Molengraaff retired in 1930.
# Lake Whakaneke

Lake Whakaneke is a lake in the Northland Region of New Zealand.
# Guru (1989 film)

Guru is a 1989 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Umesh Mehra, starring Nutan, Mithun Chakraborty, Sridevi and Shakti Kapoor. The film was a huge commercial success. Incidentally, after 14 years, Chakraborty worked in a 2003 film of the same name in Bengali, as well as a 2007 film of the same name, 18 years later.
The film's plot is based on Kaakki Sattai starring Kamal Haasan, a 1985 Tamil hit.

## Summary

Gaurav Shankar "Guru" Shrivastav's ambition is to become an upright Police officer, but unluckily he is not getting selected. His sole strength is his lady love Rama. As Guru's ambition fails, he turns to alcohol, dacoity, and thuggism. He finally joins Manu's lethal gang to take revenge on the Police force, which blocked his ambition. Uma (Rama's lookalike), is Vicky's important gang member. One day, Vicky gets the confidential message about an undercover cop in his Gang.

## Cast

* Nutan as Yashoda Shrivastav
* Mithun Chakraborty as Inspector Gaurav Shankar Shrivastav "Guru"
* Sridevi as Rama / Uma (Double Role)
* Shakti Kapoor as Vicky
* Roopesh Kumar as Roopesh
* Amrit Pal as Manu
* Bob Christo as Bob
* Yunus Parvez as Inspector Manchanda
* Arun Bakshi as Inspector Arun
* Sameer Khakhar as Sameer
* Seema Deo as Rama & Uma's Mother
* Sudhir Dalvi as Police Commissioner

## Crew

* Lyrics ... Anjaan & Indeevar

## Soundtrack

| Song | Singer |
| "Daru Kharab" | Kishore Kumar |
| "Aai Aai Yo" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Jaiyo Na" | Lata Mangeshkar, Shailendra Singh |
| "Bad Girl" | Alisha Chinai, Shailendra Singh |
| "Ghayal Ghayal" | Bappi Lahiri, S. Janaki |
# Rikki Gaddie

Rikki Gaddie Dworcan (born 2 September 1971) is a South African former professional tennis player.
Gaddie featured in the mixed doubles main draw of the 1988 French Open, partnering Piet Norval. Her best singles performance in a grand slam tournament came at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships, where she made the third round of the qualifying draw.
Often during her doubles career on the professional tour she partnered with her younger sister Toni. The sisters now run the Champion Academy in Johannesburg, a personal development training academy for athletes and businesses.

## ITF finals
### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

| Result | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 24 May 1992 | Haifa, Israel | Hard | Toni Gaddie | Michelle Anderson Limor Zaltz | 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |
# San Rafael railway station (Tlalnepantla de Baz)

San Rafael is a commuter railway station serving the Ferrocarril Suburbano, a suburban rail that connects the State of Mexico with Mexico City. The station is located in the municipality of Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico, north of Mexico City.

## General information

San Rafael station is located in the San Rafael industrial area in Tlalnepantla and it is the fourth station of the system going northbound from Buenavista. The station mainly services the factories area as well as inhabitants of the Tlayapa neighborhood.
As with Mexico City Metro, each station of the Ferrocarril Suburbano has a pictogram. San Rafael's pictogram depicts a fish. In many representations, Saint Raphael can be seen holding a fish, therefore, a fish was chosen as the station's pictogram.
Jardines del Recuerdo, one of Greater Mexico City's most notable graveyards is located near the station.

## History

San Rafael station opened on 2 June 2008 as part of the first stretch of system 1 of the Ferrocarril Suburbano, going from Buenavista in Mexico City to the Lechería station in the State of Mexico.
Before its construction, most of the area was barren land, except for the nearby factories. Illegal housing could also be found in the zone. Once the construction of San Rafael station was announced and after the station was inaugurated, several housing projects were developed in the area.
During its first years of operation, San Rafael station reported very little ridership. In occasions, trains would stop at the station as it is customary, but would not open the doors, since there were no passengers at the station.
In 2009, between San Rafael and Lechería station, two trains crashed, with around 100 people injured.

## Station layout

| G | Street Level | Exits/Entrances |
| G Platforms | Northbound | ← toward Cuautitlán (Lechería) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| G Platforms | Southbound | → toward Buenavista (Tlalnepantla)→ |
# HMS Juniper (1809)

HMS Juniper was launched at Bermuda in 1809 for the British Royal Navy. She participated in one campaign for which her crew was awarded the Naval General Service Medal (1847) with clasp "San Sebastian". She also participated in the capture of several merchant ships. The Navy sold her in 1814.

## Career

Lieutenant Nathaniel Vassall commissioned Juniper at Halifax in 1809.
On 27 October 1809 Juniper sent into Bermuda the American brig Sukey, Osgood, master. Sukey had been sailing from Sumatra to Salem.
On 15 July 1812 HMS Spartan and Juniper captured the brig Start. Start, of 173 tons (bm), P.Hazelton, master, had been sailing from St Ubes to Newburyport, Massachusetts with a cargo of salt.
On 6 July Juniper captured the American vessel Friendship. Lloyd's List reported that the Juniper cutter had detained Friendship, Wood, master, on 22 July. Juniper removed $20,000 of goods and permitted Friendship to proceed on to Boston.
On 27 December 1812 Juniper sailed from Rio de Janeiro as escort to four British merchant vessels bound for Great Britain; one was 1790 ship, Jackson, master, bound for Greenock. One of the vessels, Elizabeth, Holt, master, immediately developed a leak and next morning turned back for Rio. Before evening, the USS Essex captured her and on 17 January 1813 took her into Rio. An American master and prize crew sailed Elizabeth out on 5 February and burnt her under Fort Santa Cruz, at the entrance of Rio de Janeiro, in Guanabara Bay.
Juniper underwent repairs at Portsmouth in May-July 1813.
On 14 August 1813, Juniper, in company with President, Urgent, and Beagle, captured Marmion.
Juniper, Beagle, and Holly participated in the Siege of San Sebastián (7 July - 8 September 1813) as part of the fleet under Captain George Collier assigned to help Sir Arthur Wellesley's campaigns in Portugal and Spain. In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issuance of the Naval General service Medal with clasp "St. Sebastian" to surviving participants in the campaign.

## Disposal

The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered the Juniper schooner, of 159 tons", for sale on 4 November. She sold on that date for £400.

## Post-script

On 30 August 1817 Diadem, Wells, master, was on her way from Jamaica to Saint John, New Brunswick, when two vessels stopped her and boarded her. The two were the brigantine Mexican Congress, under the independent flag, the schooner Juniper, under the Venezuelan flag.
# List of freguesias of Portugal: G

The freguesias (civil parishes) of Portugal are listed in by municipality according to the following format:

## Gavião

* Atalaia
* Belver
* Comenda
* Gavião
* Margem

## Góis

* Alvares
* Cadafaz
* Colmeal
* Góis
* Vila Nova do Ceira

## Golegã

* Azinhaga
* Golegã

## Gondomar

* Baguim do Monte (Rio Tinto)
* Covelo
* Fânzeres
* Foz do Sousa
* Gondomar (São Cosme)
* Jovim
* Lomba
* Medas
* Melres
* Rio Tinto
* São Pedro da Cova
* Valbom

## Gouveia

* Aldeias
* Arcozelo
* Cativelos
* Figueiró da Serra
* Folgosinho
* Freixo da Serra
* Gouveia (São Julião)
* Gouveia (São Pedro)
* Lagarinhos
* Mangualde da Serra
* Melo
* Moimenta da Serra
* Nabais
* Nespereira
* Paços da Serra
* Ribamondego
* Rio Torto
* São Paio
* Vila Cortês da Serra
* Vila Franca da Serra
* Vila Nova de Tazem
* Vinhó

## Grândola

* Azinheira Barros e São Mamede do Sádão
* Carvalhal
* Grândola
* Melides
* Santa Margarida da Serra

## Guarda

* Adão
* Albardo
* Aldeia do Bispo
* Aldeia Viçosa
* Alvendre
* Arrifana
* Avelãs da Ribeira
* Avelãs de Ambom
* Benespera
* Carvalhal Meão
* Casal de Cinza
* Castanheira
* Cavadoude
* Codesseiro
* Corujeira
* Faia
* Famalicão
* Fernão Joanes
* Gagos
* Gonçalo
* Gonçalo Bocas
* Guarda (São Vicente)
* Guarda (Sé)
* Jarmelo (São Miguel)
* Jarmelo (São Pedro)
* João Antão
* Maçainhas de Baixo
* Marmeleiro
* Meios
* Mizarela
* Monte Margarida
* Panoias de Cima
* Pega
* Pêra do Moço
* Pêro Soares
* Porto da Carne
* Pousada
* Ramela
* Ribeira dos Carinhos
* Rocamondo
* Rochoso
* Santana da Azinha
* São Miguel da Guarda
* Seixo Amarelo
* Sobral da Serra
* Trinta
* Vale de Estrela
* Valhelhas
* Vela
* Videmonte
* Vila Cortês do Mondego
* Vila Fernando
* Vila Franca do Deão
* Vila Garcia
* Vila Soeiro

## Guimarães

* Abação (São Tomé)
* Airão (Santa Maria)
* Airão (São João Baptista)
* Aldão
* Arosa
* Atães
* Azurém
* Balazar
* Barco
* Briteiros (Salvador)
* Briteiros (Santa Leocádia)
* Briteiros (Santo Estêvão)
* Brito
* Caldelas
* Calvos
* Candoso (Santiago)
* Candoso (São Martinho)
* Castelões
* Conde
* Costa
* Creixomil
* Donim
* Fermentões
* Figueiredo
* Gandarela
* Gémeos
* Gominhães
* Gonça
* Gondar
* Gondomar
* Guardizela
* Guimarães (Oliveira do Castelo)
* Guimarães (São Paio)
* Guimarães (São Sebastião)
* Infantas
* Leitões
* Longos
* Lordelo [pt]
* Mascotelos
* Mesão Frio
* Moreira de Cónegos
* Nespereira
* Oleiros
* Pencelo
* Pinheiro
* Polvoreira
* Ponte
* Prazins (Santa Eufémia)
* Prazins (Santo Tirso)
* Rendufe
* Ronfe
* Sande (São Clemente)
* Sande (São Lourenço)
* Sande (São Martinho)
* Sande (Vila Nova)
* São Faustino
* São Torcato
* Selho (São Cristóvão)
* Selho (São Jorge)
* Selho (São Lourenço)
* Serzedelo
* Serzedo
* Silvares
* Souto (Santa Maria)
* Souto (São Salvador)
* Tabuadelo
* Urgezes
* Vermil
# Zhang Bian

Zhang Bian (Chinese: 张变, born 29 August 1986) is a Chinese para table tennis player. She has won eight gold medals from five Paralympic Games (2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024).

## Personal life

Like many of her teammates, Zhang was a polio survivor from Pizhou who attended New Hope Center as a child. That's where coach Heng Xin developed her into a star.
# Strange Worlds (Ralph Milne Farley collection)

Strange Worlds is a collection of science fiction by Ralph Milne Farley. Consisting of one novel and two shorter novellas, it was first published in 1953 by Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc. in an edition of 300 copies. The book is an omnibus of Farley's earlier books, The Radio Man and The Hidden Universe. The novel was originally serialized in the magazine Argosy and the novellas originally appeared in the magazine Amazing Stories.

## Contents

* The Radio Man
* "The Hidden Universe"
* "We, the Mist"
# Horse railway

Horse railway may refer to:
* Horsecar
* Plateway
* Wagonway
* Horse drawn railway
# Henry Island (India)

21°34′37″N 88°17′32″E﻿ / ﻿21.5769°N 88.2923°E﻿ / 21.5769; 88.2923
Henry's Island is an island near Bakkhali in South 24 Parganas of West Bengal, India. It is around 130 km (81 mi) from Kolkata.
# Zofia Praussowa

Zofia Praussowa (3 September 1878 – 27 January 1945) was a Polish politician, activist of the Polish Socialist Party, member of Polish Sejm (1922–1930), labor inspector and feminist.

## Early life and political career

She was born in a family of landowners, she was taking lessons in junior high schools in Częstochowa and Kazan. In 1904 she finished so called Bestuzhev Courses in Saint Petersburg on the Mathematics Department. From 1899 she has been involved in the activity of PPS. After finishing studies, she came back to Poland and became a PPS activist in the area of Częstochowa and Zakopane. In 1907 she started her mathematical studies on the parisian Sorbonne which she finished in 1911. After that, she came back to Zakopane and started a coeducational high school.
She got arrested for the first time in 1905 for the distribution of appeals against the conscription to the tsarist army. For this act she was sent to Russia however, she quickly escaped from there. In 1906 she was arrested again and imprisoned in the Pawiak prison.
In 1922 she was elected to Sejm, from the list of PPS. In 1928 she was chosen again to be a part of Sejm, but in 1930 she didn't receive a parliamentary mandate
During World War II, Zofia Praussowa was a part of Związek Walki Zbrojnej - AK. On 10 November 1942 she got arrested by the Germans and imprisoned in the Pawiak prison. Later, she stayed in the Majdanek concentration camp and Auschwitz. She was murdered shortly before the camp was liberated.

## Private life

She was a wife of Ksawery Prauss. Daughters: Jadwiga i Ewa Prauss-Płoska, wife of Stanisław Płoski and mother of Zofia Romaszewska.
# Silicon (journal)

Silicon is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer and founded in 2009 by editor in chief Stephen Clarson. It deals with all aspects of silicon. Published research involves materials biology, materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering, and environmental science. The journal caters to chemists, physicists, engineers, biologists, and environmental scientists.
# Epacris reclinata

Epacris reclinata, commonly known as fuchsia heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is a low-lying to spreading shrub with egg-shaped leaves and pink to red, tube-shaped flowers, sometimes with lighter tips.

## Description

Epacris reclinata is a low-lying to spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 60 cm (24 in) and has shaggy-hairy branchlets, the stems with conspicuous leaf scars. The leaves are egg-shaped, 5.0–8.8 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long and 2.4–5.2 mm (0.094–0.205 in) wide on a petiole 0.6–0.9 mm (0.024–0.035 in) long. The flowers are arranged in leaf axils extending down the branches and are 4.5–6.0 mm (0.18–0.24 in) wide, each flower on a peduncle up to 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long. The sepals are 2.6–4.1 mm (0.10–0.16 in) long and the petals pink to red are joined at the base to form a tube 9.0–17.3 mm (0.35–0.68 in) long with lobes 1.7–3 mm (0.067–0.118 in) long and sometimes paler than the rest of the tube. The anthers are enclosed within the petal tube. Flowering occurs from June to December, and the fruit is a capsule about 2 mm (0.079 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Epacris reclinata was first formally described in 1868 by George Bentham from an unpublished description by Allan Cunningham and the description was published in Flora Australiensis. The specific epithet (reclinata) means "leaning back".

## Distribution and habitat

Fuchsia heath grows in woodland and heath on damp sandstone cliff faces and rock ledges in the Blue Mountains, and Southern Highlands of eastern New South Wales.
# Azenhas do Mar

Azenhas do Mar (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a seaside town (residential neighborhood) in the municipality of Sintra, Portugal. It is part of Colares civil parish. Azenhas do Mar means Watermills of the Sea and the name derives from a once-powerful stream that moved the watermills as it made its way to the sea.
It is located just 30 km (19 mi) away from Lisbon, near Cabo da Roca, Palácio da Pena (Pena Palace), and other attractions.
The place is a Mediterranean-looking village with white houses tumbling down to the Atlantic. In the mid-20th century, wealthy families from Lisbon and Sintra decided that the location was perfect for summer homes, which can be seen outside the main cluster of houses that originally were a fishing community's homes.
There are several popular beaches located near the Azenhas do Mar, namely Praia da Aguda, Praia do Magoito (mostly frequented by locals and surfers), and Praia das Maçãs.
Near Praia das Maçãs there is a Prehistoric Monument, also known as the Tholos of Outeiro das Mós, consists of an artificial Neolithic cave and a Chalcolithic domed or beehive tomb.
* Beach sunset
* Azenhas do Mar by drone
* Praia das Maçãs
# Zingsui

Zingsui is a village located east of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is flanked by Mapum and Pushing in the south, Sihai and Khamasom in the north, Ukhrul and Shirui in the west and Khayang in the east.

## Demographics

According to 2011 census, Zingsui has 94 households with the total of 602 people of which 296 are male and 306 are female. Of the total population, 78 were in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of the village is 1034 female to 1000 male which is higher than the state average of 985. The literacy rate of the village stands at 79.58% which is higher than the state average 76.94%. Male literacy rate stands at 85.10% while female literacy rate was 74.35%.

## Culture and economy

The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe. The majority of the inhabitants are Christians. Locally, the inhabitants speak Zingsui tui which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family. Agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants.

## Transport

The village is about 35 kilometers from Ukhrul and is partially connected by National Highway 150 that connects Imphal and Kohima via Ukhrul and Jessami. Travel time to the village from Ukhrul was drastically reduced with the construction of SDC Block villages under PMGSY, however, this road remains unmotorable mostly during the rainy seasons due to poor maintenance.
# Epermenia trileucota

Epermenia trileucota is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia.
The wingspan is about 11 mm. The forewings are grey with a cloudy-blackish dot towards the costa at one-fifth and three white rhomboidal spots on the dorsum from the base to the middle. Between these are blackish spots obliquely surmounted by ochreous-brown spots, between these and the costa some undefined dark fuscous irroration (sprinkles). There is a small black dot in the disc above the second white spot, and a larger one at two-thirds, beyond this some slight ochreous-brown suffusion. There are also two small dark fuscous spots on the costa towards the apex and there are scattered short projecting scales from the dark dorsal spots. The hindwings are light grey.
# Martin Selmayr appointment scandal

On 21 February 2018, Martin Selmayr was appointed Secretary-General of the European Commission (EC). The appointment was widely criticised as being intransparent and bypassing established appointment procedures. Selmayr resigned in July 2019.

## Background

Selmayr had become known within the EU institutions for the fast pace of his promotions. He had been chief-of-staff for President of the Commission Jean-Claude Juncker since 2014. In that role, he had amassed significant influence within the EC and was often described as the "monster of the Berlaymont" by colleagues and media.

## Appointment

Selmayr had originally applied for the position of Deputy Secretary-General. He was appointed to the position in a meeting of the College of Commissioners, composed of the 28 Commissioners of the EC, on the morning of 21 February 2018. Juncker then informed the Commissioners that incumbent Secretary-General Alexander Italianer would be retiring and suggested that Selmayr take his place. Selmayr's promotion to Secretary-General was confirmed by the Commissioners in the same meeting. Reportedly, the appointment was added to the meeting agenda shortly before the meeting took place "in a bid to avoid the news being leaked and to prevent commissioners from coordinating opposition to the move."

## Reactions
### Procedural issues

The procedure was criticised as having bypassed legitimate appointment procedures by various Members of the European Parliament, including some belonging to parliamentary groups that supported Juncker. A parliamentary motion called Selmayr's promotion "coup-like" and argued that it may have "overstretched the limits of the law". This was initially denied by the EC. Juncker reportedly threatened to resign if the controversy led to Selmayr's dismissal. On 25 March 2018, the EC issued a formal statement claiming that Selmayr's promotion was in accordance with legal procedures. Günther Oettinger, at the time German Commissioner for Human Resources and present at the meeting, described the promotion as "by the book".

#### Ombudsman report

The EC's Ombudsman office began investigating the appointment after it received two formal complaints.
On 31 August 2018, the Ombudsman published its report on the matter, which sharply criticised the EC and found multiple instances of wrongdoing. Specifically, four instances of maladministration were identified. The Ombudsman criticised that the Commission had failed to account for conflicts of interest in appointment procedures, that the composition of the appointment committee was inappropriate, that the appointment was procedurally flawed, and that artificial time constraints in the appointment procedure limited the ability of Commissioners to evaluate alternative candidates.
The report also criticised the EC's response to concerns from MEPs as "defensive, evasive and, at times, combative."

### Influence of Germany

The appointment was also criticised for further strengthening the influence of Germany within the EU; at the time, many important positions within the institutions of the EU were held by German nationals.