OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Taipei Public Library Beitou Branch

Taipei Public Library Beitou Branch (Chinese: 臺北市立圖書館北投分館; pinyin: Táiběi Shìlì Túshūguǎn Běitóu Fēnguǎn) is a public library in Beitou Park, located within Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. It is Taiwan's first green library.

## History

The library was opened in November 2006.

## Architecture

It is a two-storey building and it is notable as being constructed to be an eco-friendly green building, in which the building was designed to curb water and electricity consumption. It was designed by Bio-Architecture Formosana. The building uses large windows to reduce the consumption of lighting electricity. The roof was designed to be partially covered with photovoltaic cells to generate electricity and also designed to capture rain water to be stored and used to flush toilets.

## Transportation

The library is accessible within walking distance East from Xinbeitou Station of the Taipei Metro.
# Luc Bovens

Luc Bovens is a Belgian professor of philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Bovens is a former editor of Economics and Philosophy. His main areas of research are moral and political philosophy, philosophy of economics, philosophy of public policy, Bayesian epistemology, rational choice theory, and voting theory. He has also published work, of some controversy to the anti-abortion movement, on issues regarding abortion and natural family planning methods of contraception.

## Biography

Bovens attended the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium, studying Social Sciences, before moving to the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Here he completed an MA in Sociology, an MA in philosophy and a PhD in philosophy in 1990.
He was a research assistant in the National Fund for Scientific Research in Belgium, before gaining a professorship in the department of philosophy at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1990.
Bovens was Director of the Philosophy, Probability and Modeling (PPM) research group with Stephan Hartmann at the University of Konstanz, Germany, from 2002 to 2005, and an editor of Economics and Philosophy from 2002 to 2007.
He was a professor in and the head of the department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics 2004 through 2017. In 2018 Bovens joined the Philosophy Department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as a professor, and core member of the Philosophy, Politics & Economics (PPE) Program.
# John McGroarty

John McGroarty may refer to:
* John S. McGroarty, poet, columnist and politician from California
* John McGroarty (New York politician)
# Liadotaulius

Liadotaulius is an extinct genus of caddisflies. It is currently (tentatively) placed in the family Philopotamidae, though it has previously been placed in the extinct families Necrotauliidae and Dysoneuridae.

## Species

* †Liadotaulius borealis (Novokhonov & Sukatsheva, 1995)
* †Liadotaulius daohugouensis Wu & Huang, 2012
* †Liadotaulius korujensis (Sukatsheva, 1990)
* †Liadotaulius limus Zhang, Shih & Ren, 2016
* †Liadotaulius maior (Handlirsch, 1906)
* †Liadotaulius sharategensis (Ivanov & Novokshonov, 1995)
* †Liadotaulius shewjensis (Sukatsheva, 1990)
# Liz Holliday

Liz Holliday is a British editor and writer of science fiction and mystery.

## Life and early career

Holliday has been a teacher and a youth leader, owned a bookshop and run a theatre company.
The Guinness Book of Records listed her for playing an 84-hour non-stop Dungeons & Dragons marathon.

## Literary career

Holliday edited the magazines Odyssey and 3SF, and was fiction editor for Valkyrie magazine for its first thirteen issues. She has written novelisations of British television programmes, including Cracker and Soldier Soldier.
Holliday's short stories have appeared in numerous anthologies and magazines, including Dragon. Her story "And She Laughed" was adapted for television as an episode of The Hunger in 1999.
Holliday has also written material for role-playing games such as Star Wars and Continuum.
# Lymnaea tomentosa hamiltoni

Lymnaea tomentosa hamiltoni is an extinct subspecies of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.
This subspecies was endemic to New Zealand. The shells of these snails were found in lake marls in the southern part of the South Island.
# Love's Crazy

Love's Crazy is the debut solo studio album by American singer Slim. It was released on November 18, 2008 through M3 Productions with distribution via Asylum Records. Production was handled by Midnight Black, Derek "DOA" Allen, Kuya Productions, Oddz N Endz, Ryan Leslie, Rockyard for Couture Music, Jeremy Manongdo and DJ Baby Yu. It features guest appearances from Big Boi, Deezo, Fabolous, Faith Evans, Ryan Leslie, Yung Berg and Yung Joc. In the United States, the album debuted at number 32 on the Billboard 200 and number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, selling 27,000 units in its first week.
Its lead single, "So Fly", peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single of the album, "Good Lovin'", made it to No. 39 on both the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay.
# Table Talk (Cape Town)

Tabletalk, founded 1987, is a weekly local newspaper in the West Coast region of Cape Town, South Africa. It is published once a week by Cape Community Newspapers, a division of Independent Newspapers Cape. The newspaper is distributed free to West Coast suburbs including Milnerton, Table View, Bloubergstrand, West Beach, Parklands, Sunset Beach and Big Bay. As of November 2011 circulation is 60,582.
* This South African newspaper-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# MC Scow

The MC Scow is an American sailing dinghy that was designed as a one-design racer and first built in 1956.
The boat is a development of the John O. Johnson-designed J Scow of the mid-1950s, significantly re-designed by Melges.

## Production

The design has been built by Melges Performance Sailboats and Johnson Boat Works in the United States since 1956, with a total of 2,760 boats completed. Johnson went out of business in 1998, but the boat remains in production by Melges.

## Design

The MC Scow is a recreational sailboat, with the reverse sheer scow hull built predominantly of fiberglass, with mahogany wood trim. It has a catboat rig with anodized aluminum spars, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and dual retractable bilgeboards. It displaces 420 lb (191 kg).
The boat has a draft of 3 ft (0.91 m) with a bilgeboard extended and can be transported on a trailer.
For sailing the design is equipped with hiking straps and has a mainsail window to improve visibility. It also has a 2:1 mechanical advantage, four-part mainsheet traveler, a Cunningham, a 12:1 boom vang and a 3:1 outhaul.
It is normally raced by a crew of one to three sailors.

## Operational history

By 1994 the boat was being raced in 21 fleets in Texas, Georgia, Oklahoma, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa. By 2020 it was being raced in over 100 fleets across the United States.
In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "single-hander? Catboat? Scow? Well, it has bilgeboards. The MC can be sailed single-handed, but it is a big boat and will easily carry more ... The MC is perhaps not quite as athletic as most single-handers."
# Sons o' Fun

Sons o' Fun is a musical revue written by the comedy team of Olsen and Johnson, consisting of John "Ole" Olsen and Harold "Chic" Johnson, also starring Ella Logan and Carmen Miranda, with music and lyrics by Sammy Fain and Jack Yellen. The revue ran on Broadway from December 1, 1941, through August 29, 1943.

## Production

Sons o' Fun opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on December 1, 1941, and remained there until March 29, 1943, when it transferred to the 46th Street Theatre, remaining there until the show's closing on August 29, 1943. The musical was directed by Lee and J.J. Shubert and produced by Eddie Dowling. It ran for a total of 742 performances. It included performances by The Blackburn Twins.
# San Miguel District, Cañas

San Miguel is a district of the Cañas canton, in the Guanacaste province of Costa Rica.

## History

San Miguel was created on 30 November 1995 by Decreto Ejecutivo 24809-G. Segregated from Cañas.

## Geography

San Miguel has an area of 120.86 km² and an elevation of 75 metres.

## Villages

Administrative center of the district is the village of San Miguel.
Other villages in the district are Coco, Gotera, Güis, Higuerón, Higuerón Viejo and San Juan.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, San Miguel had a population of 1,644 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 1
* National Route 925
* National Route 930
# List of revolutions and coups d'état in Haiti

This article lists successful revolutions and coups d'état that have taken place in the history of Haiti:

## 18th century

* 1791 onward: Emergence of the State of Haiti; independence proclaimed in 1804 as a consequence of the Haitian Revolution and the disestablishment of the French colony of Saint-Domingue.

## 19th century

* 8 October 1820: Suicide of King Henri Christophe.
* 13 February 1843: Deposition of President for life Jean-Pierre Boyer.
* 15 January 1859: Deposition of Emperor Faustin Soulouque.
* 15 April 1876: Deposition of President Michel Domingue.
* 10 August 1888: Deposition of President Lysius Salomon.

## 20th century

* 2 December 1908: Deposition of President for life Pierre Nord Alexis.
* 28 July 1915: Deposition and murder of President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, triggering the U.S. occupation.
* 11 January 1946: Deposition of president Élie Lescot (Revolution of 1946)
* 7 February 1986: Deposition of President for life Jean-Claude Duvalier (climax of the Anti-Duvalier protest movement).
* 20 June 1988: Deposition of President Leslie Manigat (June 1988 coup d'état).
* 18 September 1988: Deposition of President Henri Namphy (September 1988 coup d'état).
* 29 September 1991: First deposition of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1991 coup d'état).

## 21st century

* 5–29 February 2004: Second deposition of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide (2004 coup d'état).
# Tindegga Ridge

Tindegga Ridge (72°31′S 2°54′W﻿ / ﻿72.517°S 2.900°W﻿ / -72.517; -2.900) is a rock ridge immediately southwest of Ytstenut Peak, at the northeast end of the Borg Massif in Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and air photos by the Norwegian expedition (1958–59) and named Tindegga (the summit ridge).
This article incorporates public domain material from "Tindegga Ridge". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Princess Martha Coast location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Linkerskopf

Linkerskopf is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany, part of the Allgäu Alps.
# Snowfield mine

The Snowfield mine is one of the largest gold mines in Canada and in the world. The mine is located in the west of the country in British Columbia. The mine has estimated reserves of 35 million oz of gold.
# Lovie Yancey

Lovie Yancey (January 3, 1912 – January 26, 2008) was an American business entrepreneur and founder of the Fatburger restaurant chain.

## Founding of Fatburger

Yancey originally owned a small restaurant in Tucson. In 1947, she founded Fatburger under its original name, Mr. Fatburger. In 1952, Yancey shed both her business partners and the "Mr." from the name of the hamburger stand, and Fatburger was officially born.“The name of the store was my idea,” Yancey said. “I wanted to get across the idea of a big burger with everything on it . . . a meal in itself.” From the beginning, Yancey was a fixture at the original Fatburger, where customers, who included entertainers such as Redd Foxx and Ray Charles, could custom-order their burgers. Yancey always claimed, "I don't worry about McDonald's, Burger King, or Wendy's. They may be more popular, but a good hamburger sells itself, and I don't think anybody makes as good a hamburger as we do."“Yancey was very hands-on in the business, sometimes working 16-hour shifts to ensure things ran smoothly, and burgers were cooked to perfection”
Yancey sold her Fatburger company to an investment group in 1990, but retained control of the original property on Western Avenue. There are now many Fatburger locations worldwide that are, "following Yancey’s original business model and theme." She established a $1.7-million endowment at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte in 1986 for research into sickle-cell anemia. This was in fulfillment of a promise to her 22-year-old grandson, Duran Farrell, who had died of the disease three years earlier.

## Death

On January 26, 2008, Yancey died at the age of ninety-six of pneumonia at the Olympia Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. In addition to her daughter, Yancey was survived by three grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.
# Tom Manning (American football)

Tom Manning (born July 22, 1983) is an American football coach who is the tight ends coach for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). A native of Youngstown, Ohio, Manning was a first-team all-state player for Ursuline High School, and captained its football team to its first state championship. He previously served as the offensive coordinator at Iowa State.

## Coaching career

Manning began his coaching career at the high school level, coaching the offensive line at Jackson High School in Massillon, Ohio. He went on to coach at Emory & Henry as the offensive line coach and run game coordinator before moving on to Toledo as a graduate assistant and later their director of operations. He spent one year at his alma mater Mount Union as an offensive line coach before being hired once again at Toledo.

### Toledo (second stint)

Manning was named the offensive line coach at Toledo in 2012, reuniting with Matt Campbell who was his teammate and later his position coach at Mount Union.

### Iowa State

Manning followed Campbell after the latter was named the head coach at Iowa State in 2016. He was promoted to offensive coordinator in addition to his duties as offensive line coach.

### Indianapolis Colts

Manning was named the tight ends coach for the Indianapolis Colts in 2018, joining Frank Reich's inaugural staff.

### Iowa State (second stint)

Manning rejoined the coaching staff at Iowa State in 2019. In his first year back in Ames, he was named a nominee for the Broyles Award, an award given to the top assistant coach in college football. He was nominated once again for the Broyles Award in 2020. After the 2022 season, Iowa State parted ways with Manning.

### Cincinnati

On January 9, 2023, Manning was announced as the next offensive coordinator at the University of Cincinnati.

### Indianapolis Colts (second stint)

On February 20, 2023, Manning was reported to be the next tight ends coach for the Indianapolis Colts.
# U.S. Virgin Islands Highway 39

Highway 39 is a road on St. Thomas, USVI. Starting at Highway 42 near the Mahogany Run Golf Course, it runs in a north–south direction across the eastern portion of the island. After a brief Concurrency with Highway 40, the road ends at Highway 38 a few miles east of Charlotte Amalie.

## Major Intersections

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Hoffman | 0.0 | 0.0 | Hwy 38 | Southern terminus |
| ​ | 1.1 | 1.8 | Hwy 40 | Western end of Highway 40 concurrency |
| ​ | 1.1 | 1.8 | Hwy 40 | Eastern end of Highway 40 concurrency |
| ​ | 1.4 | 2.3 | Hwy 394 | Eastern terminus of Highway 394 |
| Mandahl | 2.2 | 3.5 | Hwy 42 | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus |||||

## Auxiliary routes

Highway 394 is a road on St. Thomas, USVI. The road connects Highways 35 and 39 on the central part of the island.

### Major Intersections

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| ​ | 0.0 | 0.0 | Hwy 35 | Western terminus |
| ​ | 0.9 | 1.4 | Hwy 39 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Taxon cycle

Taxon cycles refer to a biogeographical theory of how species evolve through range expansions and contractions over time associated with adaptive shifts in the ecology and morphology of species. The taxon cycle concept was explicitly formulated by biologist E. O. Wilson in 1961 after he surveyed the distributions, habitats, behavior and morphology of ant species in the Melanesian archipelago.

## Stages of the taxon cycle

Wilson categorized species into evolutionary "stages", which today are commonly described in the outline by Ricklefs & Cox (1972). However, with the advent of molecular techniques to construct time-calibrated phylogenetic relationships between species, the taxon cycle concept was further developed to include well-defined temporal scales and combined with concepts from ecological succession and speciation cycle theories. Taxon cycles have mainly been described in island settings (archipelagos), where the distributions and movements of species are readily recognized, but may also occur in continental biota.
* Stage I: Young, rapidly expanding, undifferentiated, widely and continuously distributed species in the initial colonization stage inhabiting small island, coastal or disturbed (marginal) habitat. Such species are hypothesized to include very good dispersers, ephemeral species and ecological "supertramps".
* Stage II: Species that are generally widespread across many islands, but where geographical expansion has slowed, population differentiation has generated subspecies or incipient species, and local extinction on small islands may have created gaps in the distribution. This stage includes species that have maintained a relatively good dispersal ability such as "great speciators". Early-stage "species complexes" may consist of stage II species.
* Stage III: Older, well-differentiated and well-defined species that have moved to habitats inland (and uphill) and where reduced dispersal ability and extinctions have fragmented the distribution to fewer and larger islands. These species may be niche specialists, but novel adaptations or accidental dispersal may restart the taxon cycle.
* Stage IV: Old, relictual, endemic species in the "final" stage are restricted to island interiors (mountains) on a few, large islands. This stage includes sedentary high‐elevation specialists with limited dispersal abilities and small range sizes. These species are evolutionary distinctive, as closely related species (and subspecies) have gone extinct.
The ecology and evolution of the Melanesian ants that originally inspired Wilson's hypothesis have since been shown to be consistent with the taxon cycle predictions using modern methods. Ricklefs & Bermingham (2002) estimated that taxon cycles take place over periods of 0.1-10 million years in different bird groups of the Lesser Antilles islands. Pepke et al. (2019) used the difference in mean age of late- and early-stage species as a lower estimate (4.7 million years) of the tempo of taxon cycling in an Indo-Pacific bird family.
# Hamidiye

Hamidiye may refer to:
* Hamidiye (cavalry), irregular Ottoman cavalry units established in 1890
* Ottoman cruiser Hamidiye, a warship of the Balkan wars and World War I
* Hamidiye, Bigadiç, a village
* Hamidiye, Bolvadin, a village in the District of Bolvadin, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey
* Hamidiye, Ceyhan, a village in the District of Ceyhan, Adana Province, Turkey
* Hamidiye, Nurdağı, a village in the Nurdağı District, Gaziantep Province, Turkey
* Hamidiye, Pozantı, a village in the District of Pozantı, Adana Province, Turkey
* Mesudiye, Ordu, former name
# James Ferry

James or Jim Ferry may refer to:
* James Ferry (priest), priest of the Anglican Church of Canada
* James Ferry (footballer), English footballer
* Jim Ferry (born 1967), American college basketball coach
# SP-50 (São Paulo highway)

SP-50 is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.
# AB 250-3

The AB 250-3 (Abwurfbehälter) was an anti-personnel cluster bomb used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.

## AB 250-3

The AB 250-3 could be suspended horizontally within a bomb bay or fuselage or wing hardpoint. It also had trunnions so it could be dropped by dive bombers. The body of the AB 250-3 was constructed of mild sheet steel and was of clamshell construction and hinged at the tail. It was divided into three compartments; a dome-shaped nose compartment, a cylindrical center compartment, and a cone-shaped tail compartment. The AB 250-3 could carry 108 x SD 2 anti-personnel bombs in its center section. The AB 250-3 was similar to the other AB 250 containers except it had six tail fins instead of four welded to the container with braces riveted between each fin. The nose compartment housed the fuze pocket which was welded to a bracket on the upper half of the container. The two halves were held together by a shear wire which passed through a steel anvil, in the lower part of the fuze pocket. When dropped a time fuze was triggered and after a few seconds, the wire holding the container together was sheared by a small exploder under the fuze. The case then opened and allowed the bombs to fall out. The containers were painted dark green with two longitudinal red stripes on tail cone.

## Gallery

* A photo of a SD 2 from Civil Defence Training Pamphlet No 2: Objects Dropped From The Air (3rd Edition).
* SD 2 - Closed: The fuze is not yet armed.
* SD 2 - Open: wings have flipped open and screw threads at the base of arming spindle are visible: fuze is now armed.
# Lürssen effect

The Lürssen effect, used in the design of high-speed boats, is a reduction in wave-making resistance provided by two small rudders mounted on each side of the main rudder and turned outboard. These rudders force the water under the hull outward, lifting the stern, thus reducing drag, and lowering the wake height, which "requires less energy, allowing the vessel to go faster". The effect was discovered by the German shipbuilding company Lürssen Werft based in Bremen-Vegesack. The Lürssen effect is best remembered for its use during the Second World War in the various classes of German Schnellboot, or fast torpedo attack boats.
The effect was noticed at speeds above 25 knots, by swinging the "effect" rudders outboard by 30°. Once attained, the effect rudders could be swing back to 17° outboard, and the speed could be reduced to as little as 20 kn while still maintaining the benefits of the effect.

## Development

The adoption of a round-bottomed displacement hull shape (which was more efficient than the more common hard chine V-bottom) together with powerful engines allowed the Lürssen shipyard to attain a high speed of 33 kn with its motor boat Lür of 1926. The displacement hull was superior due to its performance in rough seas. A planing hull, sitting down at the stern, would lose speed when a big wave slapped against the hull. The displacement hull tends to stay more level and "plow through" the wave. This hull shape was further developed as a torpedo boat (later called Schnellboot) of the Reichsmarine or German Navy.
The first of the torpedo boats (the British called them "E-Boats") was UZ (S).16 (which was a development of the motor yacht Oheka II, itself developed from the Lür) which was commissioned into the Reichsmarine in 1930. It was renamed S-1 in 1932.
During test runs with S-2, the first boat from series production, it was then accidentally discovered that the boat stopped responding to the rudder at high speed and full rudder positions but started to display the effects described above. When investigating what caused this behaviour, the basic principles of the Lürssen effect were discovered. Starting with S-2, the following boats were then equipped with the two small rudders on either side of the main rudder which could be angled outboard up to 30°.
A wedge was added under the rear of the hull from S-18. The wedge further added to the effect of helping the craft to stay level at high speed.