OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeux de hocs

The jeux de hocs are a family of French card games in which the aim is to be first to shed all one's hand cards to sequences laid out in rows on the table. They all feature cards known as 'stops' or hocs: cards that end a sequence and give the one who played it the advantage of being able to start a new sequence. In some games, hocs attract bonuses.
The best known of the hoc games is Nain Jaune ("Yellow Dwarf"), which is a classic French family game still played today.

## History

The first game known to feature hocs was Hoc itself. This came in two variants, a multi-stake, vying game sometimes called Hoc Mazarin or Hoc de Mazarin and named after Cardinal Mazarin who was known to greatly favour it when at the court of Versailles in the mid-1600s. Another variant was Hoc de Lyon, about which little is known. The concept spread to other 17th and 18th century games including Poque, Comete, Emprunt, Manille, Nain Jaune and Lindor. All except Emprunt are still played in some form.

## Types of hoc

Four types of 'stop' card or hoc are distinguished:
* End-of-run hoc. The end-of-run hoc (hoc de fin de suite) is the highest card in a run, typically a King. It completes the row of cards. The player playing it calls "hoc!" and starts a new sequence with any desired card.
* Incidental hoc. An incidental hoc (hoc accidentel) is one that occurs because the next card in the sequence is not held by any player, e.g. because it is concealed within the talon or stock of cards left face down on the table. The player of the last card of the run calls "hoc!" and starts a new sequence as before.
* Permanent hoc. Within a particular game, certain cards may be designated as permanent hocs, for example, the ♠Q, ♣J and ♦10 in Nain Jaune. When such a card is played, the player announces "hoc!" and begins a new sequence.
* Chief Hoc. In some games a 'Chief Hoc' is designated. This has special powers: it may be used as a wild card in place of any other card in the pack and the holder may be allowed to withhold it even if it is the next card of a sequence. In Nain Jaune, the ♦7 is the Chief Hoc; in Hoc Mazarin there are six chief hocs.
# Rudolf Battěk

Rudolf Battěk (2 November 1924 – 17 March 2013) was a Czech sociologist, politician, and political dissident during Czechoslovakia Communist era.

## Biography

Rudolf Battěk was born on the 2 November 1924 to Czech parents in Bratislava. From 1934 his family lived in Banská Bystrice. Following the establishment of the separate Slovak state in March 1939, his family moved to Prague. During World War II, Battěk trained as a mechanical locksmith at ČKD Prague. Towards the end of the war, Battěk left his job and joined the anti-Nazi resistance, fighting in the Prague Uprising in 1945.
In 1950, Battěk married his wife, Dagmar (née Brzická), and soon after returned to education, finishing university studies in 1952 and began working as an economist. He refused to participate in parliamentary elections in 1958, which resulted in penalities regarding work opportunities, and he remained as a locksmith. In 1965, after some rehabilitation, Battěk was accepted as an 'expert worker' to the sociological institute ČSAV.
Battěk co-founded and was vice-chairman the Club of Committed Non-Party Members (KAN) in May 1968, which promoted political plurality and a broad human rights advocacy. KAN was later proscribed by the Czechoslovak National Front, under pressure from Soviet Union following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in September 1968. Battěk served as a representative in the Czech National Council until his removal and arrest in October 1969. Battěk was imprisoned on two occasions for subversive activities against the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, in 1972, and again in 1981. He spent almost ten years imprisoned by Communist authorities during the 1970s and 1980s, spending more time than Václav Havel or any other Chartist.
Battěk was a signatory of Charter 77, which criticized the Communist regime for rejecting human rights. He also joined the Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted. In February 1980 he became a spokesperson for the Charter.
In 1989, Battěk re-entered politics following the Velvet Revolution. He helped establish the Civic Forum (OF) and was a signatory in its founding proclamation. He joined the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), but was expelled from the party in June 1990. Battěk became a member of the Association of Social Democrats after his expulsion from the ČSSD. In 1993, the leadership of the ČSSD reversed its original decision to expel Battěk and invited him to rejoin the ČSSD. Battěk declined the offer to rejoin the ČSSD, choosing to remain a member of the Association of Social Democrats. In 1996, Battěk ran as a candidate for the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic as an independent from ward 8 in Prague, but lost the election.
In 1997, he was awarded the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk by President of the Czech Republic Václav Havel.
Rudolf Battěk died on 17 March 2013, at the age of 88.
# Jews' Temporary Shelter

The Jews' Temporary Shelter is a charity in London which helps homeless Jews.
Around 1879, a Polish immigrant baker, Samuel Cohen, began to shelter Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe (particularly Poland and Russia) in his bakery in Whitechapel's Church Lane. The accommodation was improvised with sacks of flour being used as bedding and, in 1885, a sanitary inspector closed it. A public meeting was held at the Jewish Working Men's Club and a group of wealthy Jews led by Hermann Landau, established the Poor Jews' Temporary Shelter. The first location was in Great Garden Street but a more permanent shelter was established in Leman Street on 11 April 1886.
In 1973, the Shelter relocated to Willesden. Today the charity provides maintenance grants rather than supplying accommodation directly.
# Royal Spring Park

Royal Spring Park is the site of a large spring in Georgetown, Kentucky, that since the earliest settlements in the area has provided water for the area. In addition to the spring, the park has a log cabin built by a former slave, Milton Leach. The park was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on April 2, 1973.

## History
### Royal Spring

Royal Spring is a large spring in Georgetown, Kentucky, that has been a main source of water since the first settlements in the area. In 1889, the Georgetown Water Works Company was incorporated, and distributed the spring water until the City of Georgetown purchased that company and established the Municipal Water Works Plant in 1945. Currently, more than 13,000 customers of Georgetown Municipal Water and Sewer Service rely on water from the spring as their primary water supply.

### Early settlements

In 1774 John Floyd of Fincastle County, Virginia led a surveying party into Kentucky to locate land to be used as "compensation for soldier in the French and Indian War". On July 7, 1774, Floyd found the spring and he received it and 1,000 acres (4.0 km$^2$) of land as payment for his surveying work. This spring's earliest known name was "Mr. Floyd's Spring". In October 1775, Floyd transferred ownership of the spring to John McClelland (1745–1776), from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, after McClelland surveyed and built a cabin on the land earlier in the year. In 1776 McClelland's Fort, an army outpost was built on a nearby cliff to have close proximity to the spring. The fort was abandoned in 1777 after the Indian attacks increased in frequency and severity.

### Kentucky Bourbon developed

Baptist preacher Elijah Craig set up a grain mill and used the spring water to first distill bourbon whiskey using the sour mash process on this site in 1789. Craig has long been credited with the creation of bourbon though more recent research suggests alternative explanations.
Royal Spring Park, located off West Main Street (U.S. Route 460) in the downtown area, features an outdoor recreation area, viewing of Royal Spring, and an authentic restored log cabin museum. The site has several historical markers and monuments that give tribute to the spring, early settlers, and local war heroes.
The park was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on April 2, 1973.

### Leach Cabin

In 1874, Milton Leach, a former slave, built a log cabin to use as his dwelling. The log cabin was restored and relocated to Royal Spring Park to serve as a museum.
# Transience (Steven Wilson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Transience is a compilation album released in 2015 by British musician and record producer Steven Wilson. It compiles thirteen songs originally recorded between 2003 and 2015. The album was released as a CD and a limited-edition double LP.

## Charts

Chart performance for Transience :
| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 100 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 83 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 123 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 52 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 60 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 59 |
# Transformer protein

A transformer protein (TFP) also known as a metamorphic protein is a protein that can interconvert between two or more shapes (also known as folds) each having a different function.
The fold of a protein is defined by how the two-dimensional linear protein polypeptide folds up into a three-dimensional structure. Most proteins adopt a single stable fold. But some proteins have marginal structural stability and can rapidly interconvert between two or more folds. Protein structures in a given environment were thought to be defined completely by their amino acid sequence. These protein structures are usually related to one single physiological protein activity. This hypothesis was, however, challenged by observations that proteins could fold in two alternative conformations, such as the prion proteins which exist in a physiologically active cellular form and an insoluble form.
It has been estimated that up to four percent of proteins may have this fold chaining property. Examples of metamorphic proteins include XCL1, RfaH, and KaiB.

## RfaH

Extending the concept of a protein that exists in a soluble and an insoluble form, for the bacterial transcription factor RfaH two entirely different structures were observed to coexist in solution. RfaH is a two-domain protein, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of which can fold into alpha-helical and, alternatively, into beta-barrel form. These two interconvertible structures have two different functions, in alpha-helix form the CTD inhibits binding of the N-terminal domain to the RNA-polymerase, whereas the beta-barrel form recruits ribosomes. RfaH is thus the first member of the transformer protein class which obviously violates the original 'one sequence - one structure - one function' suggestion that governed protein research for decades .
# Transformer (gene)

Transformer (tra) is a family of genes which regulate sex determination in insects such as flies. Among its effects, it (P11596) regulates differences between males and females in Drosophila fruit flies.
The tra-2 gene (P19018) is needed for sexual differentiation in female fruit flies, and for spermatogenesis in the males. It is not in the same protein family as tra, but instead works together with it in the splicing enhancer complex.
# Sundaresta

Sundaresta is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Sundaresta hilaris Hering, 1953
# Travis Draft

Travis Draft is an actor and entertainer. He has played over 500 characters on TV. He is most known for appearing on Buzzkill.

## Early life and career

Draft started his career at Chicago's The Second City in 1992 as an observer, working behind the scenes while attending film school at Columbia College. After working his way through the ranks at Second City, Draft directed and acted in a gonzo television pilot in 1994 that chronicled the exploits of three young comedians (Draft, Dave Sheridan and Frank Hudetz) traveling the country in a van shooting sketches using the unknowing public as supporting cast members. This was accomplished by the use of a hidden camera attached to eyeglasses, eventually leading to the creation Buzzkill, which aired on the MTV network starting in 1996.
Draft followed up on the short-lived Buzzkill with the NBC series Spy TV, which he wrote, directed, co-produced and acted in. In 2002 he directed Oblivious, a hidden camera game show starring Reagan Burns. When Animal Planet wanted in on the then hot genre, Draft was hired to write and produce a special titled Animal Pranksters.
Draft then moved on to The Sci-Fi Channel's first hidden-camera show, Scare Tactics, where he spent three seasons acting and directing for the series. During that time he was also cast as a regular on Comedy Central's Trigger Happy TV, pranking people all over the United States for the two series.
In the summer of 2003 Draft and Sheridan co-founded Van Stone, a shock rock band that had success placing songs in films, TV shows and on one of the Tony Hawk video games. The band played their debut show on "Jimmy Kimmel Live" and performed in a sketch featuring Jimmy's uncle Frank.
In 2005 he was cast as homeless rocker "Dirty Don" for a VH1 international show called Home James. The script-prov show was aired in Brazil, the UK, Japan, Australia and Israel.
In 2006 Draft wrote, produced, directed and acted in two adult hidden camera shows for Playboy TV; Totally Busted and Canoga Park.
In 2008 Draft briefly returned to work on Scare Tactics, and invented The yacht Rock Tribute band Format with Knights of Monte Carlo plating festival and exclusive Hollywood industry parties.
2110 Travis story produced the A&E reality series The Hasselhoffs,
Draft wrote and directed for the 2012 hidden camera show Betty White's Off Their Rockers. In 2013, he attached cameras to aerial drones, producing and directing two shows for the Esquire Channel for which he also supplied aerial cinematography. That year he appeared on the prank television series Deal With It.
In 2014, Draft wrote and acted on the ABC Family reality prank series Freak Out,
In 2015, he directed the first series for YouTube starring YouTuber Felix "PewDiePie" Kjelberg as well as the first season of the TruTV prank series Fameless, also acting on the series during its 2016 season.
In 2017, Draft co-created a short form sitcom called Block Captain Dan, about a neighborhood watch captain who is more trouble than he is help, which was aired by comedy content provider CHUCKLER on Facebook.
# Rudolf Ehlers

Rudolf Ehlers (March 30, 1834 – August 7, 1908) was a German theologian and clergyman born in Hamburg.
He received his education at the Universities of Heidelberg, Berlin and Göttingen. At Heidelberg, he was a student of Richard Rothe (1799-1867). After completion of studies he served as a pastor in Stolberg, and in 1864 relocated to the Protestant Reformed Church at Frankfurt am Main. In 1868 he was appointed Konsistorialrat.
In 1879 he became co-editor of the journal "Zeitschrift fur praktische Theologie", and in 1884 was co-founder and vice-president of the Allgemeinen evangelisch-protestantischen Missionsvereins, today known as Deutschen Ostasienmission (German East Asia Mission). In 1889 he was awarded with an honorary doctorate from the University of Jena.

## Selected publications

* Evangelische Predigten (Evangelical sermons), 1873.
* Das alte Gesetz und die neue Zeit (The old law and the new life), 1877.
* Bilder aus dem Leben des Apostels Paulus (Pictures from the life of the Apostle Paul), 1886.
* Richard Rothe, 1906.
# Heinz Hille

Heinz Hille (1891 – 15 May 1954) was a German screenwriter, film producer and director.

## Selected filmography

* You Will Be My Wife (1932)
* The Old Scoundrel (1932)
* The Cheeky Devil (1932)
* And the Plains Are Gleaming (1933)
* Dream Love (1935)
* Dreams of Love (1935)
* Autobus S (1937)
* Falstaff in Vienna (1940)
# Travis Dixon

Travis Lemar Dixon is an American media studies scholar and Professor of Communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is known for researching racial and religious stereotyping in television news in the United States, as well as audiences' reception of rap music.
# 318th Cavalry Regiment (United States)

U.S. Cavalry Regiments :
| Previous | Next |
| 317th Cavalry | 319th Cavalry |
The 318th Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry unit of the United States Army during the interwar period. The unit was activated as an Illinois Organized Reserve unit during the interwar period. It was converted into a signal aircraft warning regiment after the United States entered World War II.

## History

The regiment was constituted on 15 October 1921 in the Organized Reserves, part of the 65th Cavalry Division's 159th Cavalry Brigade in the Sixth Corps Area. It was initiated (activated) on 6 June 1922 with the entire regiment in Chicago. The regimental band was initiated in 1923 at Chicago. On 2 June 1925, the 318th's headquarters relocated to La Grange, the 1st Squadron to Hinsdale, and the 2nd Squadron to Elgin. In July 1929, a new 3rd Squadron was initiated at Chicago. On 27 September 1932, the 1st Squadron was moved to Lemont, the 2nd Squadron to Oak Park, and the 3rd Squadron to Aurora. In 1935, the regiment participated in a 33rd Division staff exercise at Camp Grant, which was planned and supervised by Colonel George C. Marshall, then the senior instructor to the Illinois National Guard. The entire regiment moved back to Chicago on 28 July 1937.
The 318th usually held its inactive training period meetings at Chicago's Post Office Building. It conducted regular equestrian training at Fort Sheridan on the horses of the 1st Squadron, 14th Cavalry Regiment, and in Chicago on the horses of the 106th Cavalry Regiment. The regiment conducted summer training at Fort Sheridan with the 14th Cavalry and some years at Fort Des Moines. As an alternate form of training, the 318th provided cavalry training to civilians at Fort Sheridan under the Citizens' Military Training Camp program. Its primary ROTC feeder school was the University of Illinois and its designated mobilization training station was Camp Grant. After the United States entered World War II, the regiment was converted into the 546th Signal Aircraft Warning Regiment on 30 January 1942. The regiment was disbanded on 11 November 1944.

## Commanders

The 318th was commanded by the following officers:
* Colonel Harvey L. Jones (6 June 1922 – 1 August 1925)
* Lieutenant Colonel Charles Powers (1 August 1925 – 12 May 1926)
* Lieutenant Colonel William A. Peterson (12 May 1926 – July 1940)

## Heraldry

The regimental distinctive trimming was approved on 1 April 1924 and its coat of arms was approved on 30 March 1932. The distinctive trimming was a vertical representation of the original Flag of Chicago, where the unit was based. The coat of arms consisted of a yellow shield with two blue bars in the center. A red dragon was superimposed over the bars. The shield's color represented the Cavalry, the bars were from the Flag of Chicago, and the dragon symbolized great bravery and mobility, traits that a Cavalry unit was supposed to exemplify. The coat of arms included the Organized Reserve's Minuteman crest above the shield. The regimental motto was "Fide Et Animis" (By Faith and Courage).
# 318 BC

Year 318 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaccinator and Venno (or, less frequently, year 436 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 318 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Macedonian Empire

* Antigonus resolves to become lord of all Asia, and in conjunction with Cassander and Ptolemy. He enters into negotiations with Eumenes; but Eumenes remains faithful to the royal house. He raises an army and forms a coalition with the satraps of the eastern provinces. He then captures Babylon from Antigonus.
* Antigonus marches against Eumenes, so Eumenes withdraws east to join the satraps of the provinces beyond the Tigris River.
* Cassander, who has allied himself with Ptolemy and Antigonus, declares war on the regent, Polyperchon. Most of the Greek states support him, including Athens. Cassander further effects an alliance with Eurydice, the ambitious wife of King Philip III Arrhidaeus of Macedon.
* Although Polyperchon is initially successful in securing control of the Greek cities, whose freedom he proclaims, his fleet is destroyed by Antigonus.

#### Greece

* In a power struggle in Athens after the death of Antipater, Phocion is deposed as the ruler of Athens, convicted of treason, and executed by those Athenians hoping to restore democracy to the city. Shortly afterward, the Athenians decree a public burial and a statue in his honor.

#### China

* The state of Qin moves into the Sichuan basin, giving them control of that great food-producing plain.

### By topic
#### Music

* Aristoxenus, a Greek peripatetic philosopher, and writer on music and rhythm, and a pupil of Aristotle, writes a treatise on music called the "Elements of Harmony".

## Deaths

* Phocion, Athenian statesman and general (b. c. 402 BC)
* Cleitus the White, Officer of Alexander the Great
# Silvana Asturias

Silvana Asturias (born 27 August 1953) is a former Guatemalan swimmer. She competed in four events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Simazine

Simazine is an herbicide of the triazine class. The compound is used to control broad-leaved weeds and annual grasses.

## Preparation

Simazine may be prepared from cyanuric chloride and a concentrated solution of ethyl amine (at least 50 percent by number) in water. The reaction is highly exothermic and is therefore best carried out below 10 °C.
Cyanuric chloride decomposes at high temperatures into hydrogen chloride and hydrogen cyanide, both of which are highly toxic by inhalation.

## Properties and uses

Simazine is an off-white crystalline compound which is sparingly soluble in water. It is a member of the triazine-derivative herbicides, and was widely used as a residual non-selective herbicide, but is now banned in European Union states. Like atrazine, a related triazine herbicide, it acts by inhibiting photosynthesis. It remains active in the soil for two to seven months or longer after application.