OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Under His Very Windows

Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy (2000, Yale University Press) is a book by Susan Zuccotti which examines the role of the Catholic Church in providing aid to Jews in Italy during the Holocaust, and is critical of the actions of the papacy in this regard.

## The book

Zuccotti evaluates the actions of the Vatican and Popes Pius XI and Pius XII in Italy from 1938 and on to the Second World War, accusing the Popes of silence and characterising the actions the Vatican took to assist Jews as having been reprehensible. Zuccotti dismisses claims that Pope Pius was personally responsible for saving hundreds of thousands of Jews and argues that whatever help was given by the Church resulted from the personal courage of individual priests, monks and nuns, and prelates, rather than on direction from the Vatican.
The book contains a number of chapters dealing with aid provided by Catholics to Italy's Jews, but concludes that these acts were performed spontaneously. Zuccotti writes that Catholics who aided Jews, "invariably believed that they were acting according to the Pope’s will" but that there is no written evidence confirming that this was the case.

## Critical reception

According to a New York Times book review by Christopher Duggan of Reading University, the book is well researched, though Zuccotti follows the anti-Pius XII tone of Hitler's Pope by John Cornwell, and builds a case for the Pope having been anti-Semitic at heart – a view which, according to Duggan, available evidence "does not warrant".
Ronald J. Rychlak, author of Hitler, the War, and the Pope (Genesis) describes the book as controversial for conceding that the church provided aid to Jews and other refugees in Italy, but giving no credit to Pius XII for this, on the basis that she could find no written evidence to confirm his involvement.
In his review in The Tablet, historian Owen Chadwick whose work focuses on Christianity and the Papacy, calls Under His Very Windows, "not history but guesswork." Chadwick's review states, "when the Germans occupied Italy she [Zucotti] thinks that the Pope could have informed church leaders that he would look favourably on help to the Jewish fugitives, and could have warned the Germans that he would protest forcibly and publicly at any deportations of Jews from Rome. All this is not history but guesswork, and one or two guesses have a more than minuscule improbability. "Faced with the certainty of papal condemnation, the Germans might possibly have postponed anti-Jewish actions in Italy", she suggests. Imagination boggles at what would have been said when such a message from the Pope was read at Hitler's headquarters, if it ever reached that height and if anyone round the table bothered to do more than laugh. Anyone who thinks otherwise should read the devastatingly uncompromising speech which Himmler made to SS leaders at Posen on a vital date for Italy, the beginning of October 1943."

## Awards

In 2000, the book won the National Jewish Book Award, in the category of Jewish–Christian Relations, and in 2002, the Sybil Halpern Milton Prize presented by the German Studies Association.
# List of ship decommissionings in 1923

The list of ship decommissionings in 1923 includes a chronological list of ships decommissioned in 1923. In cases where no official decommissioning ceremony was held, the date of withdrawal from service may be used instead.
| Date | Operator | Ship | Class and type | Fate and other notes |
| July 16 | United States Navy | T-2 (SS-60) | submarine | sold for scrap |
| unknown date | Royal Danish Navy | Absalon | patrol vessel | |
# Kevin Stephens (disambiguation)

Kevin Stephens is a footballer.
Kevin Stephens may also refer to:
* Kevin Stephens (American football) in 2012 Southern Utah Thunderbirds football team
* Kevin Stephens (athlete) in 1992 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics
# Italo Alaimo

Italo Alaimo (9 August 1938 – 17 July 1967) was an Italian footballer who played as a right winger.
Following a successful footballing career in several tiers of Italy's league system, Alaimo died on 17 July 1967 during a medical examination as part of his transfer to Serie B club Novara.

## Playing career

Following his release from Reggina in 1958 and his consequent success at lower Serie C clubs, Alaimo earned a move to Chieti, making 58 appearances as his club avoided relegation to Serie D for two straight seasons. Nevertheless, Alaimo then dropped down a division anyway to play for Rosignano Solvay, returning to Reggina in November 1963 and earning promotion with his side to Serie B in the 1964–65 season as they won the title.
In July 1967, following several years of success with Reggina, Alaimo earned a move to fellow Serie B side Novara, with the transfer fee amounting to 35 million lire - one of the largest fees in Italian football at the time.

## Death

Following his transfer to Novara and his presentation to the club's fans, Alaimo underwent a routine medical examination in order to officially complete the transfer. Alaimo got on an exercise bicycle to undergo a cardiac stress test. He completed his exercise, but as he began to dismount the bicycle, he was struck by a spasm; despite resuscitation attempts, Alaimo passed away. The cause of death was officially given as an electric shock, and three employees at Ospedale Maggiore (where the medical took place) were charged with negligent homicide.

### Legacy

Following his death, a street in Reggio di Calabria was named Via Italo Alaimo in his honour.
# Law Faculty of Stockholm University

The Faculty of Law at Stockholm University commenced its activities in the autumn term of 1907 as the Department of Political and Legal Science at the University College of Stockholm, with seven professors and 81 registered students.
By the decision of the Swedish Riksdag in 1959 Stockholm University College was ordered to move to Frescati located outside the Centre of the town. It would take over ten years, however, before the six, blue high-rise blocks were ready to be moved into at the beginning of the 1970s.
Today the law faculty is the largest faculty in the country. The Department of Law has between 2500 and 4000 students every year, who study law either following the undergraduate law programme or in the form of independent law courses for non-degree purposes. The department employs over a hundred full-time teachers for the purposes of teaching and research.
The faculty has 30 about professors specialising in traditional legal scientific subjects, such as jurisprudence, private law, fiscal law, international law, public law, procedural law, legal history and criminal law. These scientists have further specialised knowledge of various other fields of law, such as labour law, company law, export law, real property law, insurance law, intellectual property law, marketing law, the law of damages and transportation law. In addition to that there is one special chair in European integration Law.
The department employs the total of about 155 persons, of which approximately 45 persons represent administrative and technical staff.
# Adama–Awash Expressway

The Adama–Awash Expressway is a national route in Ethiopia currently under construction designed to link the cities of Adama (also known as Nazret) and Awash, located in the central region of the country. Upon completion, the Adama–Awash Expressway will span a total length of 130 kilometers, contributing significantly to the expansion and modernization of Ethiopia's road network. The development is expected to have a positive impact on the country's economic growth, trade, and social development, while also improving travel times and overall transportation safety.

## Route

As it approaches Adama, it will also start going north eastwards until it reaches a road called Adama-, which runs from there to Awash. That area is characterized by a long valley with a gently sloping surface descending from 1500m above sea level at Adama down to 900m at the foot of Mount Awash. There are stupendous mountains around it whose heights could rise up to 3000m; hence this contrast really stands out geographically. In routing itself this expressway will run parallel to route 1 and existing railway line towards Dire Dawa and eventually to port city Djibouti. The road will act as a hub in terms of connecting continents increasing business transactions and reducing the time taken while transporting goods between cities and their global markets.

## History and future

The construction work started on a 60 km section on May 30, 2021, and it will be completed in mid-2025 with an aim of enhancing connectivity and simplifying transportation between important economic centers. The successful implementation of this program will considerably affect Ethiopia's economic growth, trade increase and regional integration.
# Swimming at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke S6

The Women's 100 metre backstroke S6 event at the 2020 Paralympic Games took place on 3 September 2021, at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre.

## Heats

The swimmers with the top eight times, regardless of heat, advanced to the final.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | 4 | Elizabeth Marks | United States | 1:21.76 | Q, PR |
| 2 | 1 | 6 | Yelyzaveta Mereshko | Ukraine | 1:22.11 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 4 | Shelby Newkirk | Canada | 1:22.83 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 6 | Verena Schott | Germany | 1:23.92 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | 3 | Song Lingling | China | 1:24.15 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | 5 | Jiang Yuyan | China | 1:24.41 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 5 | Nora Meister | Switzerland | 1:24.44 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 3 | Anna Hontar | Ukraine | 1:25.23 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 2 | Anastasia Diodorova | RPC | 1:25.96 | |
| 10 | 1 | 7 | Sara Vargas Blanco | Colombia | 1:30.23 | |
| 11 | 2 | 7 | Anastasiia Zavalii | Ukraine | 1:30.62 | |
| 12 | 1 | 2 | Grace Harvey | Great Britain | 1:31.10 | |
| 13 | 2 | 1 | Fanni Illés | Hungary | 1:36.58 | |
| 14 | 1 | 1 | Evelin Száraz | Hungary | 1:41.30 | |

## Final

100m backstroke final :
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
# Hunan Road Commercial Street

Hunan Road Commercial Street (湖南路购物街) is located in the northwest of the downtown area of Nanjing, lying in the Gulou District area. Its total length is 1,100 meters, and road width is 30 meters. There are all kinds of shops on 238 Street, of which brand and boutique stores account for 83% of the total business area of 87,000 square meters. Hunan Road is one of the most bustling commercial streets of the ancient Nanjing city.

## History
### Construction

Hunan Road extension was built in 1927, at which time Nanjing was the capital of the Republic of China. Some of the new extensions of the road were named according to their geographical position, or the provincial or city name. In this way, the new extension of the road was named Hunan Road.

### Political events

In the time of the Republic of China, Hunan Road was a compelling place. The Senate Interim Government of the Republic of China and the KMT headquarters had put their offices in this road. Several important events have occurred here, such as:
* Organizing the central provisional government
* Electing Provisional President of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen
* Sun Fengming's assassination attempt on Wang Jingwei
* Chen Bray's suicide
Sun Fengming's assassination attempt on Wang Jingwei is especially noteworthy because it ignited the country and the world. It was a sensational event that shocked the world.

## Lion Bridge Walk Food Street

Lion Bridge Walk Food Street is located in the middle of Hunan Road. It is one line of five branch roads of Hunan Road. Its length is 330 meters, and width is 12–16 meters. The street was originally a farmer's market. In early 2000, the Gulou District invested 8.8 million yuan for comprehensive reform. This included a full range of granite paving, a new color landscape dry fountain, planters, landscape lights, lounge chairs, public telephone kiosks and other public facilities. All residential buildings along the street applied for new European technology and put a Lion landmark on the buildings.
Lion Walk Food Street units include financial, lighting, automation, landscaping and cleaning. It has gathered nearly 40 businesses, including food, restaurants and noodles. In a trial operation from June 2000 to the end of 2000, the whole turnover was 48 million yuan and rent of $2.4 million was paid. In the first 6 months of 2001, the total turnover was more than 52 million and 2.52 million yuan was turned over to rent. Lion Bridge Walk Food Street has not only become a gathering place for the new food and beverage businesses, it has also become a shining star of the Hunan Road.
# Access MicrOpay

Access MicrOpay is a supplier of integrated payroll and Human Capital Management people management software and services to Australian and New Zealand businesses.
The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Access Group.

## History

MicrOpay was established in 1985 to provide payroll and human capital management technology to businesses in Australia.
The company was later purchased by the Commonwealth Bank in 1995, making it wholly owned by a major financial institution.
In April 2002, MicrOpay was acquired by the large South African based accounting software vendor, Softline. Softline had been well known for its earlier acquisition of international financial suite Accpac, formerly owned by Computer Associates. MicrOpay joined Softline's other Australian purchases, HandiSoft and Sybiz.
Softline was itself acquired in November 2003 by the Sage Group, an FTSE 100 company with over 6 million customers and more than 12,600 employees worldwide.
In 2006, MicrOpay acquired payroll and HR software provider Australian Flagship; who develop and market the Wage Easy payroll system.
During 2021, The Access Group purchased the APAC operations of several Sage Group products, including MicrOpay.

## Operations

In Australia, Access MicrOpay is one of the largest payroll and HR vendors with a client base in excess of 6,000 enterprises across all sectors.
The company's Head Office is based in Sydney with offices in Melbourne, and Perth.
# José Arturo Vásquez Machado

José Arturo Vásquez Machado was governor of Cabañas department in the Republic of El Salvador from 1994–2003.

## Background

He was elected to the post in 1994 and held that position until 2003 when he was succeeded by Óscar Menjívar.
During his tenure as governor, Arturo Vasquez served under the administrations of president's Armando Calderón Sol and Francisco Flores. After serving as governor, he dedicated his time to his family and community as an active citizen in the city of Sensuntepeque.
On 9 November 2009, he was taken to an emergency room in San Salvador where he died from wounds that he sustained in an attack perpetrated by unknown individuals. On the morning of 12 November 2009, the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador held a moment of silence to honor the former governor.
# The Man with the Sad Face

The Man with the Sad Face is an album by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine recorded for the Fantasy label in 1976 and featuring performances by Turrentine with an orchestra arranged and conducted by David Van De Pitte. The album consists of Turrentine's versions of many current pop and disco hits.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Michael Erlewine simply stated "Very large group session for Fantasy".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |

## Track listing

* "Evil Ways" (Clarence "Sonny" Henry) - 4:37
* "Man with the Sad Face" (Henry) - 4:21
* "Ligia" (Antônio Carlos Jobim) - 5:50
* "You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine" (Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff) - 5:20
* "I Want You" (Arthur Ross, Leon Ware) - 3:39
* "Whatever Possessed Me" (Tadd Dameron) - 5:35
* "Love Hangover" (Marilyn McLeod, Pam Sawyer) - 3:48
* "Mighty High" (David Crawford, Richard Downing) - 0:54

## Personnel

* Stanley Turrentine - tenor saxophone
* Jon Faddis, Lew Soloff, Tommy Turrentine - trumpet, flugelhorn
* Wayne Andre, Tom Malone, Barry Rogers - trombone
* Peter Phillips - bass trombone
* Jim Buffington, Bob Carlisle - French horn
* George Young - alto saxophone, flute, bass flute, piccolo
* Lew Del Gatto - baritone saxophone, English horn, flute, oboe
* Dave Carey - vibraphone (tracks 3, 5 & 7)
* Paul Griffin - piano, electric piano
* John Miller - piano (tracks 2 & 6)
* Richard Trifan - synthesizer (tracks 1, 5 & 7)
* Cornell Dupree, Eric Gale - guitar
* Ron Carter (tracks 2 & 3), Buster Williams (track 6) - bass
* Bob Babbitt - electric bass
* Charles Collins - drums
* Idris Muhammad - drums (tracks 2 & 6)
* Errol "Crusher" Bennett - congas, percussion
* Julius Brand, Norman Carr, Peter Dimitriades, Emanuel Green, Harold Kohon, Guy Lumia, Joseph Malignaggi, Gene Orloff, Raoul Poliakin, Tony Posk, Aaron Rosand - violin
* La Mar Aslop, Julien Barber, Theodore Israel, Richard Maximoff, Mitsue Takayama - viola
* Maurice Bialkin, Ted Hoyle, Jesse Levy, Anthony Sophos - cello
* Gene Orloff - concertmaster
* David Van De Pitte - arranger, conductor
* Vivian Cherry, Lani Groves, Maeretha Stewart, Kenny Williams - backing vocals
* Tony May - recording engineer, mixing engineer
# Anastase Dragomir

Anastase Dragomir (1896–1966) was a distinguished Romanian inventor, most famous for his "catapultable cockpit" patent (with Tănase Dobrescu) as an early form of ejection seat, although preceded by Everard Calthrop's 1916 compressed air ejection seat, and others.
Anastase Dragomir, born 6 February 1896 in Brăila, Romania, was the sixth child of his family. He worked in France at several aircraft factories where he perfected a system to save pilots and passengers in case of accidents. On 3 November 1928 he applied for French patent #678566, "Nouveau système de montage des parachutes dans les appareils de locomotion aérienne". Issued on 2 April 1930, the invention was, "a new system of parachuting from the apparatus for air locomotion, each passenger having his own parachute that allows, in critical moments, the assembly detaching from the plane, so the parachute with seated passenger passes through an opening."
After several attempts, Dragomir managed to obtain financing and began construction of his "catapulted cockpit". The invention was tested in a Farman airplane piloted by Lucien Bossoutrot at Paris-Orly, France airport on 28 August 1929. French newspapers later reported on the invention's success. Dragomir returned home to Romania after the Paris-Orly experiment where, with Romanian aviation engineer captain Constantin Nicolau, he successfully repeated the experiment in an Avia airplane at Băneasa Airport in Bucharest, Romania on 26 October 1929. He continued to refine his invention and obtained Romanian patent #40658 in 1950 for his "parachuted cell". In 1960, he received Romanian patent #41424 for a transport aircraft equipped with ejection cabins. Anastase Dragomir died in Bucharest, Romania in June 1966.
The photograph shown on the stamp is of the independently designed and developed British Martin-Baker ejection seat.

## Sources

* French patent FR678566
* True Romania
* Observatorul
# Thermotolerance

Thermotolerance is the ability of an organism to survive high temperatures. An organism's natural tolerance of heat is their basal thermotolerance. Meanwhile, acquired thermotolerance is defined as an enhanced level of thermotolerance after exposure to a heat stress.

## In plants

Multiple factors contribute to thermotolerance including signaling molecules like abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and pathways like the ethylene signaling pathway and heat stress response pathway.
The various heat stress response pathways enhance thermotolerance. The heat stress response in plants is mediated by heat shock transcription factors (HSF) and is well conserved across eukaryotes. HSFs are essential in plants’ ability to both sense and respond to stress. The HSFs, which are divided into three families (A, B, and C), encode the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP). Past studies have found that transcriptional activators HsfA1 and HsfB1 are the main positive regulators of heat stress response genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The general pathway to thermotolerance is characterized by sensing of heat stress, activation of HSFs, upregulation of heat response, and return to the non-stressed state.
In 2011, while studying heat stress A. thaliana, Ikeda et al. concluded that the early response is regulated by HsfA1 and the extended response is regulated by HsfA2. They used RT-PCR to analyze the expression of HS-inducible genes of mutant (ectopic and nonfunctional HsfB1) and wild type plants. Plants with mutant HsfB1 had lower acquired thermotolerance, based on both lower expression of heat stress genes and visibly altered phenotypes. With these results they concluded that class A HSFs positively regulated the heat stress response while class B HSFs repressed the expression of HSF genes. Therefore, both were necessary for plants to return to non-stressed conditions and acquired thermotolerance.
# Gallocatechin gallate

Gallocatechin gallate (GCG) is the ester of gallocatechin and gallic acid and a type of catechin. It is an epimer of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).
In a high temperature environment, an epimerization change is likely to occur, because heating results in the conversion from EGCG to GCG. According to the referenced study the resulting GCG (the epimer of EGCG) results in even lower dietary cholesterol absorption than occurs with EGCG. While this may be a beneficial outcome with respect to cholesterol reduction activity, for those wishing to maximize the EGCG content of green tea infusions, it is still appropriate to use high temperatures, as long as it is taking into account that extreme conditions will lead to small reductions in total EGCG, for example a 12.4% reduction in total EGCG when heated for 30 minutes at 100 °C.
# Spring Mills, Virginia

Spring Mills is an unincorporated community in Appomattox County, Virginia, United States.
Blenheim was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, with a boundary increase in 1994.
# Swing Sisters

The Swing Sisters are a trio of female Danish singers who perform hit songs of the 1940s and earlier. The trio often pay tribute to The Andrews Sisters, as well as many others, such as The Boswell Sisters. They have collaborated with the Pasadena Roof Orchestra on several occasions. The group has a strong following in Denmark, Sweden, Germany and England.

## Brief history

The Swing Sisters originally was formed to take part in the musical Swing Sisters in Denmark in the autumn of 1992. The trio consists of:
* Kirsten Siggaard - one of Denmark's most famous singers (she has represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest on no less than three occasions);
* Kirsten Vaupel - originally an opera singer and nowadays working as coach; and
* Lise Lotte Norup - a Danish actress, singer and television star.

## Discography

* Take Me Back (MCI, 1993)
* Sentimental Journey (MCI, 1994)
* Dagen Vi Aldrig Glemmer (1995)
* Swingin' X-mas (1997)
* Let It Be Swing (2003)