OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lower Dyffryn House, Grosmont

Lower Dyffryn House, Grosmont, Monmouthshire is a farmhouse dating from the 16th century. Owned by a Sheriff of Monmouthshire in the early 1600s, it was rebuilt by the Cecil family in the mid 17th century as a substantial mansion to the typical Elizabethan e-plan. Its fortunes declined in the 19th century by which point it had been reduced to a farmhouse and much of its external and internal fittings were removed or replaced. The farmhouse is Grade II* listed and a number of the ancillary buildings have their own Grade II listings. The gardens, which are contemporaneous with the house, are included on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

## History and description

The farmhouse was constructed in the very late 16th century, Cadw recording that the owner was probably John Gainsford, who served as Sheriff in 1604. The oldest part of the building appears to date from 1590-1630. In the later 17th century, the house was extended as an E-plan mansion, by a cadet branch of the Cecils. The house was restored in the 19th century, although by this date its status had declined to that of a farmhouse. In the very early 20th century its wood panelling was removed to the nearby mansion, Hilston Park.
The architectural historian John Newman describes Lower Dyffryn as an "extraordinarily remote (and) melancholy" house. It is constructed of Old Red Sandstone rubble, of two storeys, with a two-storey porch. Newman also records details remaining of the 17th century setting, including a gazebo set in the wall of an enclosed garden.
The farmhouse remains in private ownership and is a Grade II* listed building. The garden walls have their own Grade II listing, as do the granary, the "quite grand" haybarn, and the shelter shed. The gardens themselves are listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
# Lower East Pubnico (La Field) Airport

Lower East Pubnico (La Field) Airport (TC LID: CLE4) is located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northeast of Lower East Pubnico, Nova Scotia, Canada.
# Lower East Side Ecology Center

Lower East Side Ecology Center, also known as the LES Ecology Center, is an environmental organization founded in 1987, focusing on urban sustainability, providing e-waste and composting services, environmental stewardship opportunities, and educational programming.

## E-Waste Warehouse

In 2003, the Ecology Center started its Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Program focusing on E-waste recycling.

### Artists-in-residence

The E-Waste Warehouse hosts one artist in residence at a time. The artist-in-residence is given studio space in the warehouse and is invited to engage and make art with some of the e-waste the center collects. In 2019–2020, skateboarder and artist Louis Sarowsky was an artist-in-residence at the center. He used the recycled materials in his sculptures and performances, making a body-suit covered in VHS tape.

### E-Waste Warehouse Gallery

* E-Waste Warehouse
* E-Waste Warehouse
* E-Waste Warehouse
* E-Waste Warehouse
* Louis Sarowsky show: “Waste Not Want Not” at E-Waste Warehouse - 2020
* E-Waste Warehouse
# Jack Stanley (footballer)

John Stanley (1883–1921) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers and Wolverhampton Wanderers.
# Local Adaptation Plans of Action

Local Adaptation Plans of Action (LAPAs) are community-driven plans that aim to help local governments and communities build resilience to the impacts of climate change. LAPAs are typically developed in regions or communities that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as areas prone to flooding, droughts, or extreme weather events.
The LAPA process typically involves a participatory approach, where local stakeholders and community members are engaged in identifying and prioritizing climate risks and vulnerabilities. Based on this information, adaptation options and strategies are identified, and a plan is developed to implement these actions.
LAPAs may include a range of adaptation measures, such as improving water management systems, enhancing early warning systems for natural disasters, promoting the use of climate-resilient crop varieties, or building infrastructure to protect against sea-level rise. The LAPA process is often facilitated by national or international organizations, and may be supported by funding from international climate change adaptation funds.
LAPAs contrast with National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPAs) in their bottom-up, local approach, but in some cases are funded under the similar development assistance schemes. LAPAs are often prepared at local government level, although community-based LAPAs are also in place. The practice was initiated in Nepal under the guidance of the Ministry of Population and Environment, the national focal point to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

## Nepal

The LAPA process in Nepal is designed to be participatory and community-driven, with the involvement of local stakeholders, including women, youth, and marginalized groups, in identifying climate risks and vulnerabilities, and developing adaptation measures. The LAPA process includes several stages, including vulnerability and risk assessment, identification of adaptation options, and prioritization of actions.
The LAPA process in Nepal has been supported by various national and international organizations, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank, and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). These organizations have provided technical and financial support for the development and implementation of LAPAs, as well as capacity building for local stakeholders.
One example of a successful LAPA in Nepal is the one developed in the Kailali district, which is highly vulnerable to floods and landslides. The LAPA process in Kailali involved the participation of more than 1,000 community members, including women and marginalized groups, in identifying and prioritizing adaptation measures, such as building river embankments, constructing check dams, and improving early warning systems for floods.
# Jagdgeschwader 144

Jagdgeschwader 144 was a fighter wing of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe in World War II.
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# Jagdgeschwader 133

Jagdgeschwader 133 was a fighter wing of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe in World War II.
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# Lokai

The Lokai, a mountain horse bred in Tajikistan, is used as a riding horse, a packhorse, or even sometimes a light draft horse. Although small, the breed is agile and hardy. The breed was developed by crossing native mountain horses with a mixture of Central Asian and European bloodlines.

## History

The Lokai was developed in the mountainous areas of central and southern Tajikistan, where it was developed to be an agile, hardy pack and riding horse. The breed has been in development since the 16th century, when Uzbek Lokai tribesmen began improving the local horses with a mixture of Central Asian breeds, including contributions from the Iomud, Karabair, Turkmene and Akhal-Teke breeds. Later, Arabian stallions from Bukhara and Thoroughbred and Tersk horses were used to improve the breed.

## Breed characteristics

The Lokai have well-proportioned heads with straight or slightly convex profiles, set on a long, well-formed neck and sloping, muscular shoulders. The withers are prominent, running into a straight, short back and sloping croup. The legs are solid, clean, and well-muscled. The Lokai generally stands between 14 and 14.2 hands (56 and 58 inches, 142 and 147 cm), and is usually chestnut (often with golden highlights), bay, or gray, although they are occasionally black or dun. Some of the horses have a curly coat.$^{:1}$ The breed tends to mature late, especially when raised in their native habitats. When bred and reared in good stable conditions, with improved feed and management, they mature faster and grow larger than their more native counterparts.
Currently, the Lokai is being crossed with Arabian and Thoroughbred horses to create a new type of saddle horse in Tajikistan.

## Uses and purposes

Lokais have been used for a variety of purposes throughout the years. These horses provide transport over precipitous mountain country, they are raced, they are used in the game of kokpar, and they are often employed as a pack animal. The Lokai horse is even sometimes used as a draft horse.
# Three Weeks in Paris

Three Weeks in Paris is a 1925 American silent comedy film from Warner Bros. starring Matt Moore and Dorothy Devore.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Oswald Bates is getting married, but the wedding day has many bad omens as the date is Friday the thirteenth, a black cat crosses his path, and he breaks a mirror. After the wedding, just after he and his bride Mary leave the church, he is separated from her and gets a telegram which compels him to sail for Paris within the hour to complete a business deal. Although he tries, he is unsuccessful and leaves France without completing the deal. However, Oswald has been reported dead to Mary and she collects on the life insurance. Therefore, Oswald is forced to assume a disguise during his trip back home. Matters are complicated by a detective on board the ship and seas that cause many to become seasick. Just as he is reunited with Mary, the overseas deal is unexpectedly completed and provides the money which can repay the insurance so the couple can any avoid jail sentence.

## Cast

* Matt Moore as Oswald Bates
* Dorothy Devore as Mary Brown
* Willard Louis as Gus Billikins
* Helen Lynch as Dolly Withers
* Gayne Whitman as Duke Laporte
* John Patrick as Bruce Gordon
* Frank Bond as Alex Darrows
* Rosa Gore as Mrs. Brown

## Preservation

With no prints of Three Weeks in Paris located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# Lucapina philippiana

Lucapina philippiana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets.
# Loxophlebia aurantiaca

Loxophlebia aurantiaca is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by E. Dukinfield Jones in 1908. It is found in south-eastern Brazil.
# Lone Pine, Texas

Lone Pine is an unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 81 in 2000.

## History

The area in what is known as Lone Pine today was first settled sometime before 1900. It had a church, a store, and several scattered houses in the mid-1930s. Only a church and some scattered houses remained in the mid-1960s. Its population was 81 in 2000.

## Geography

Lone Pine is located on Farm to Market Road 231, 9 mi (14 km) south of Crockett in south-central Houston County.

## Education

Today, the community is served by the Lovelady Independent School District.
# Jaguar 2

The Raketenjagdpanzer 4 Jaguar 2 was a West German tank destroyer equipped with anti-tank guided missiles. It was only operated by the Bundeswehr.

## History

From 1983 to 1985, 162 Kanonenjagdpanzers were converted to Raketenjagdpanzer 4 Jaguar 2. This was done by removing the main gun, adding a TOW launcher on the roof and adding applique armour. In 1989, the TOW missiles were replaced by the more potent TOW 2. In 1993, the Jaguar 2 tank destroyers were phased out in favour of the Jaguar 1A3, an upgraded version of the Jaguar 1.

## Design

The Jaguar 2 is a tank destroyer that follows the traditional casemate design of West German tank destroyers. It is a rather light vehicle based on the "leichte Fahrzeugfamilie"-chassis, which was also used by the SPz Marder and the Jaguar 1. It is an all-welded steel construction, which has maximum thickness of 50 mm.

### Protection

The base armour is formed by the Kanonenjagdpanzer chassis. It was made of welded steel and had a thickness of 10 to 50 mm steel. When the Kanonenjagdpanzers were upgraded, applique armour, consisting of perforated steel plates coated in a rubber-like substance, was fastened shock-mounted on the front of the vehicle and the side of the casemate structure. Leopard-like side-skirts were also added.
Further protection is provided by eight smoke dischargers, which are now installed on the glacis instead of behind the casemate.
The Jaguar 2's survivability is still mainly reliant on its low profile, high speed and long combat range, which exceeded the combat range of contemporary tanks.

### Armament

The Jaguar 2 is armed with a TOW-launcher, an anti-aircraft MG3 and an MG3A1 in the hull. The TOW missile allows it to fight enemy tanks at long range; the maximum combat range was considered to be 3,750 m. In 1989, the TOW missiles were replaced by the more powerful TOW-2 missiles. Twelve missiles and 2,100 7.62mm rounds are stored inside the vehicle.
# Longitarsus luridus

Longitarsus luridus is a species of beetle from the Chrysomelidae family that can be found everywhere in Europe (except Portugal).
# Longitarsus longiseta

Longitarsus longiseta is a species of beetle in the subfamily Galerucinae that can be found everywhere in European countries such as Austria, the Baltic states, Benelux, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and Scandinavia (except for Denmark).
# Ludmilla Chistovich

Ludmilla A. Chistovich (1924 – 2006) was a pioneering linguist and speech scientist who co-founded the Leningrad School of Phonology, together with her husband Valery A. Kozhevnikov.

## Biography

Chistovich was born in Leningrad in 1924. She trained as a medical doctor before founding in 1960 the Laboratory of Speech Physiology at the Pavlov Institute of Physiology. She was married to Valery A. Kozhevnikov, and collaborated with him until his untimely death in 1981. They had two daughters who also became speech researchers, Elena V. Kozhevnikova and Inna A. Chistovich. After her retirement in 1986, she and her daughters established the St. Petersburg Early Intervention Institute, to foster language development in young children by providing auditory screening and programs for hearing-impaired children.

## Research career and legacy

Chistovich pioneered experimental methods for understanding the relationship between speech production and speech perception. The Pavlov Institute developed a distinctive approach to solve "the mystery of speech perception". Her work was brought to the attention of Western speech scientists by Gunnar Fant. Her work on non-linear dynamics in speech production was a major influence on the development of articulatory phonology and task dynamics, influencing researchers such as Bjorn Lindblom, Elliot Saltzman, Louis Goldstein, and Catherine Browman. She developed the method of close speech shadowing to explore the mechanisms of speech processing at very short time lags (250 to 500 msec). With Patricia K. Kuhl, she co-authored a seminal article on infant-directed speech showing that across different languages, caregivers speak to infants in a way that facilitates acquisition of the phonological system.

## Publications

A complete bibliography of Ludmilla Chistovich's publications was published as part of the special issue of Speech Communication (a joint publication of the European Association for Signal Processing (EURASIP) and the International Speech Communication Association (ISCA)) in honour of her 60th birthday. It was compiled by Christel Sorin, of the Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Paris Descartes University.
# Luciano Dompig

Luciano Dompig (born 2 March 1987 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays primarily as a central midfielder for FC Lisse.

## Club career

Dompig made his senior debut on 24 March 2006 for FC Volendam in a match against Helmond Sport. After a stint with Veendam and Almere City FC, in 2011 he transferred from the Dutch Jupiler League to the Belgian Pro League as he signed with Cercle Brugge. He later played in Cyprus and Thailand and returned to Holland to join FC Lisse in 2016 after his Thai club TOT folded.
# Lucien Tremblay

Lucien Tremblay (March 25, 1912 – June 4, 1985) was the Chief Justice of Quebec from 1961 to 1977.
Born in Verdun, Quebec, Tremblay was educated at the Université de Montréal. He was professor of civil procedure at the Université de Montréal from 1950 to 1959. From 1961 to 1977 he was Chief Justice of Quebec. He was Chancellor of the Université de Montréal from 1967 to 1970.
He served as acting lieutenant governor of Quebec from September 30 to October 12, 1961 and from February 21 to February 22, 1966.
# Longueville, Pas-de-Calais

Longueville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

Longueville is situated some 14 miles (23 km) east of Boulogne, at the junction of the N42 and D252 roads..

## Transport

The Chemin de fer de Boulogne à Bonningues (CF de BB) opened a station at Longueville on 22 April 1900. Passenger services were withdrawn on 31 December 1935. They were reinstated in November 1942. The CF de BB closed in 1948.

## Places of interest

* The church of St.Sylvestre, dating from the fifteenth century.
# Lodewijk Christiaan van Wachem

Lodewijk Christiaan van Wachem (born 31 July 1931, Pangkalan Brandan - 24 August 2019, Wassenaar) was a Dutch businessman. Born in the birthplace of Royal Dutch Shell, he was appointed a managing director of Royal Dutch Petroleum in 1977. He was the President of Royal Dutch Shell from 1982 until 1992.

## Awards

* 1990 Commandeur in de Orde van Orange-Nassau
* Ridder in de orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw
* 1988 Knights of the Order of the British Empire, post Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE)
* 2004 Honorary Citizen of Singapore
# Jacomo Barbarigo

Jacomo Barbarigo was a Venetian commentator and also the governor of Morea. During the 15th century, he wrote a series of dispatches pertaining to the military events that transpired in the Peloponnesus. These letters were written between 1465 and 1466.
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# Jacono

Jacono is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew A. Jacono (born 1970), American plastic surgeon
* Giovanni Jacono (1873−1957), Italian Roman Catholic prelate
* Nestor Jacono (1925-2014), Maltese athlete
# Lt Col Dwarakesh

Lieutenant Colonel Dwarakesh (born 1989) is an Indian Army officer, para swimmer and sport shooter, known as Army's only visually impaired active-duty officer. He earned a national medal in shooting and won gold medal and silver medal at the 23rd National Para Swimming Championships.

## Career
### Military

Dwarakesh joined the Indian Army in 2009 through the Cadet Training Wing, opting for the Corps of Military Intelligence. His career in the military took a challenging turn in 2016 when a road accident resulted in the loss of his eyesight. After this life-changing event, he remained active in his military duties and continued to serve at the Station Headquarters in Khadki, Pune.

### Sports

Dwarakesh's journey in parasports began in 2021, when he started training at the newly established paralympic node in the Bombay Engineering Group and Centre in Pune. His initial focus was on swimming.
In March 2024, Dwarakesh participated in the 23rd National Para Swimming Championships in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, organized by the Paralympic Committee of India. He won a gold medal in the 50m breaststroke with a time of 51 seconds and a silver medal in the 100m breaststroke, clocking 1 minute and 50 seconds.
Dwarakesh also made notable progress in shooting sports. In November 2023, he won a national medal in shooting, using infrared sensor-based equipment designed for visually impaired athletes. His training in shooting was guided by former Olympian Anjali Bhagwat.
With achievements in both the military and sports arenas, Dwarakesh was invited as a special guest to the Republic Day parade at Kartavya Path in Delhi.

## Achievements

* 2021: Scaled the Siachen Glacier.
* 2023: Won a medal in a national shooting competition.
* 2024: Secured gold in the 50m breaststroke and silver in the 100m breaststroke at the 23rd National Para Swimming Championships.
# Tillandsia chapeuensis

Tillandsia chapeuensis is a species in the genus Tillandsia. This species is native to Brazil.
# Thorogood

Thorogood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alison Thorogood (born 1960), British sprint canoer
* George Thorogood (born 1950), American blues rock musician
* Ian Thorogood (1936–2019), Australian footballer
* Jack Thorogood (1911–1970), English footballer
* Martina Thorogood (born 1975), Venezuelan beauty queen
* Robert Thorogood (born 1972), English screenwriter
* Tim Thorogood (born 1962), Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands
# Lophaeola

Lophaeola is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species Lophaeola inquinata, which is found in Brazil.
# Jada, Nigeria

Jada is a town and Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria.

## History

Jada, as a local government area, was excavated (given birth to ) from Ganye local government area of Adamawa state. "Ganye" the food basket of adamawa state is still the mother of the whole Chamba land under the leadership of Alhaji. Adamu Sanda (first class chief) and Gangwari of Ganye local government area. Ganye, Jada, Toungo, and some part of Mayo Belwa, the Four (4) listed Local government are occupied by Chamba people (samba or sama).

## Climate

The rainy season in Jada is oppressive and overcast, the dry season is partly cloudy, and it is hot all year. Throughout the year, the temperature normally ranges from 61 °F to 98 °F, with temperatures rarely falling below 55 °F or rising over 104 °F.

## Notable people

* Atiku Abubakar: politician, businessman, and philanthropist.

## Precipitation

A wet day in Jada is defined as a day with a minimum of 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Jada, the probability of encountering a wet day during the fall experiences a sharp and swift decline, commencing the season at 86% and diminishing to just 1% by the season's end.
For context, the highest likelihood of a wet day throughout the year is 87%, occurring on August 24, while the lowest probability is -0% on December 30.

## Districts

Danaba
Jada
Koma
Leko
Mapeo
Mayo-Kalaye
Mbulo
Nyibango

## Villages

Yelli
Nadeu
Nagum
Dagula
Gangnai
Kilbawo
Nassarawo
Wuro Abbo
Jamtari
Pakorgel
Sarkin Yamma
Choncha
Deggi
Konglo
Ngolomba
Samlo
Tantile
Tuli
Dalami
Kubi
Mayo-Hako
Gangnai
Kilbawo
Nassarawo
Wuro Abbo
Banche
Dashen
Balauru
Gaadjo
Kojoli
Namberu
Sapeo