# Kandangan

Kandangan is a district and the regency seat of South Hulu Sungai Regency in South Kalimantan province. The district covers an area of 106.71 square kilometres. According to the mid 2022 official estimates, the population of the district was 49,604 people spread across 4 urban kelurahan and 14 rural villages (desa).

## History
### Ibnu Hadjar Insurgency

Around the end of October and early November 1950, Kandangan was invaded three times by KjRT forces led by Ibnu Hadjar in response to the government's military operations to quell the insurgency. On 12 December 1953, KjRT attacked Kandangan from four directions.

## Geography

The district borders Angkinang District of Central Hulu Sungai Regency in the north and east, Sungai Raya District in the south, and South Daha District in the west.

### Climate

Kandangan has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with moderate rainfall in August and September and heavy rainfall in the remaining months.
Climate data for Kandangan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.7 (85.5) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.5 (86.9) | 31.0 (87.8) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.9 (87.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.7 (80.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.7 (80.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.7 (72.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 306 (12.0) | 301 (11.9) | 289 (11.4) | 229 (9.0) | 193 (7.6) | 127 (5.0) | 128 (5.0) | 107 (4.2) | 108 (4.3) | 157 (6.2) | 247 (9.7) | 325 (12.8) | 2,517 (99.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

According to Statistics Indonesia, the official population estimate of the district as at mid 2022 was 49,604. This consisted of 24,598 males and 25,006 females. Gender ratio as of 2019 was there are 98 males for every 100 females. The majority of the district population is muslim, with a figure of 99.64% on 2019. However, there are minorities such as Hindus, Buddhists, and Christians. Kandangan Kota is the most dense kelurahan with a density of 3,830 per square kilometre, while the least dense village was Bangkau village with a figure of 93 per square kilometre.

## Economy

Agriculture & plantation is an important part of the district's economy, as there were 4,482 hectares of irrigated paddy fields in the district. On 2018, the district produced 18,620 tons from paddy fields and 287 tons of cassava. Other than that, the district also produces 4,430 tons of chili, 209 tons of citrus fruit, and 1,078 tons of coconut. Livestock population in the district consisted of cows with population of 561, goats with population of 738, and chicken with population of 85,614. Fish catch in the district was 2,017 tons while farmed fish was 176 tons. Other productions include spinach, tomato, cucumber, and banana.
There are eight hotels and 154 registered restaurants in the district as of 2019. Other than that, there are also 57 registered cooperatives, seven state-owned bank branches, two private bank branches, and one BPR (People's Credit Bank).

## Governance

As a district, it is a third-level administrative region under a regency. A district head (camat) is appointed directly by the regent with recommendation from the regency secretary. Kandangan itself has no parliament. It is divided into 18 subdistricts; consist of 14 villages (desa) and 4 urban villages (kelurahan), differences between the two are merely name and that of village is more rural and less populated than urban village. On administrative level, they both are equal subdivision. Below are the list of subdistricts.

### Urban villages (Kelurahan)

* Jambu Hilir
* West Kandangan
* Kandangan Kota
* North Kandangan

### Villages (Desa)

* Amawang Kanan
* Amawang Kiri
* Amawang Kiri Muka
* Baluti
* Bangkau
* Bariang
* Gambah Dalam
* West Gambah Dalam
* Gambah Luar
* Gambah Luar Muka
* Lungau
* Sungai Kupang
* Sungai Paring
* Tibung Raya
On regency level, the district is part of South Hulu Sungai 1st electoral district together with Sungai Raya, Simpur, and Kalumpang, sends 11 out of 30 representatives to regency's parliament. The last election was on 2019 and the next one would be on 2024.

## Infrastructure

There are 50 elementary schools, 13 junior highschools, 5 senior highschools, and 2 vocational higshcools in the district. There's only one higher education institution in the district, Darul Umum Islamic College. On healthcare, the district has two hospitals; one of them is a maternity hospital, ten puskesmas, and 14 healthcare centers. In addition, there are 12 registered pharmacies. There are exactly 158 mosques and one church in the district. All 18 subdistricts and villages within the district has access to electricity and the main road has adequate street lamp as of 2019. All electricity is supplied and subsidized by Perusahaan Listrik Negara, state-owned electric company.
Total length of roads in the district is 131.27 kilometers, from which all have been paved with asphalt and in general have good condition according to Statistics Indonesia on 2019. There are 28 operational base transceiver station in the district as of 2019, and the district have access to 4G as of 2018.