OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MPEG elementary stream

An elementary stream (ES) as defined by the MPEG communication protocol is usually the output of an audio encoder or video encoder. An ES contains only one kind of data (e.g. audio, video, or closed caption). An elementary stream is often referred to as "elementary", "data", "audio", or "video" bitstreams or streams. The format of the elementary stream depends upon the codec or data carried in the stream, but will often carry a common header when packetized into a packetized elementary stream.

## Header for MPEG-2 video elementary stream

Partial Sequence Header Format :
| Field Name | # of bits | Description |
| start code | 32 | 0x000001B3 |
| Horizontal Size | 12 | |
| Vertical Size | 12 | |
| Aspect ratio | 4 | |
| Frame rate code | 4 | |
| Bit rate | 18 | Actual bit rate = bit rate * 400, rounded upwards. Use 0x3FFFF for variable bit rate. |
| Marker bit | 1 | Always 1. |
| VBV buf size | 10 | Size of video buffer verifier = 16*1024*vbv buf size |
| constrained parameters flag | 1 | |
| load intra quantizer matrix | 1 | If bit set then intra quantizer matrix follows, otherwise use default values. |
| intra quantizer matrix | 0 or 64*8 | |
| load non intra quantizer matrix | 1 | If bit set then non intra quantizer matrix follows. |
| non intra quantizer matrix | 0 or 64*8 | |

## General layout of MPEG-1 audio elementary stream

The digitized sound signal is divided up into blocks of 384 samples in Layer I and 1152 samples in Layers II and III. The sound sample block is encoded within an audio frame:
* header
* error check
* audio data
* ancillary data
The header of a frame contains general information such as the MPEG Layer, the sampling frequency, the number of channels, whether the frame is CRC protected, whether the sound is the original:
| Field Name | # of bits | Description |
| sync word | 12 | 0xFFF |
| ID | 1 | '1'=mpeg1 '0'=mpeg2 |
| layer | 2 | '11'=1 '10'=2 '01'=3 |
| no protection | 1 | '0'=Protected by CRC (16bit CRC follows header) '1'=Not Protected |
| bit rate index | 4 | |
| sampling frequency | 2 | kHz '00'=44.1 '01'=48 '10'=32 |
| padding | 1 | |
| private | 1 | |
| mode | 2 | '00'=Stereo '01'=joint stereo '10'=dual channel '11'=single channel |
| mode extension | 2 | |
| copyright | 1 | 0=none 1=yes |
| original or copy | 1 | 0=copy 1=original |
| emphasis | 2 | |
Although most of this information may be the same for all frames, MPEG decided to give each audio frame such a header in order to simplify synchronization and bitstream editing.
# MNAT1

CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MNAT1 gene.

## Function

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in cell cycle control of eukaryotic cells, are phosphorylated and thus activated by the CDK-activating kinase (CAK). CAK is a multisubunit protein that includes CDK7 (MIM 601955), cyclin H (CCNH; MIM 601953), and MAT1. MAT1 (for 'ménage à trois-1') is involved in the assembly of the CAK complex.[supplied by OMIM]

## Interactions

MNAT1 has been shown to interact with:
* Cyclin H,
* Cyclin-dependent kinase 7,
* Estrogen receptor alpha,
* MCM7,
* MTA1,
* P53, and
* POU2F1.
# Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations

CFR Title 29 - Labor is one of fifty titles comprising the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), containing the principal set of rules and regulations issued by federal agencies regarding labor. It is available in digital and printed form, and can be referenced online using the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR).

## Structure

The table of contents, as reflected in the e-CFR updated February 28, 2014, is as follows:
| Volume | Chapter | Parts | Regulatory Entity |
| 1 | | 0-99 | Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor |
| 2 | I | 100-199 | National Labor Relations Board |
| | II | 200-299 | Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of Labor |
| | III | 300-399 | National Railroad Adjustment Board |
| | IV | 400-499 | Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of Labor |
| 3 | V | 500-899 | Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor |
| 4 | IX | 900-999 | Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission |
| | X | 1200-1299 | National Mediation Board |
| | XII | 1400-1499 | Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service |
| | XIV | 1600-1699 | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
| 5 | XVII | 1900-1910 (1901.1-1910.999) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor |
| 6 | | 1910 (1910.1000-end) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor |
| 7 | | 1911-1925 | Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor |
| 8 | | 1926 | Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor |
| 9 | | 1927-1999 | Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor |
| | XX | 2200-2499 | Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission |
| | XXV | 2500-2599 | Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of Labor |
| | XXVII | 2700-2799 | Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission |
| | XL | 4000-4999 | Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation |
# M. A. Khan

Kunwar Mahmud Ali Khan (16 June 1920 – 22 April 2001) was an Indian politician born in the village of Jogipura, Meerut. He was an Advocate by profession and a farmer. He did BA LLB from Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.

## Political career

* Governor of Madhya Pradesh (1990–93)
* Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Congress Party Daasna constituency (1957–62)
* Member of Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (1968–74)
* Re-entered active politics in 1974
* Active involvement in Lok Nayak Jaya Prakash Narayan Movement (1974–77)
* Detained during Emergency under MISA (June 1975 to January 1977)
* Lok Sabha Member Janata Party from Hapur constituency (1977–80)
* Member of Central Haj Committee
* Member of AMU court
* Member of Government Assurances Committee
* Member of the Consultative Committee on Law, Justice and Company Affairs
* Member of National Language Committee
* Leader of Indian delegation to Russia on Indo-Soviet Friendship Committee
* Deputy Leader of Janata Parliamentary Party in Lok Sabha (1979)
* Member of Janata Party Central Parliamentary Board
* Member of Chandrashekhar-led Janata Party
# Lower Gwelo (Zimbabwe)

19°14′00″S 29°15′00″E﻿ / ﻿19.23334°S 29.25°E﻿ / -19.23334; 29.25
Lower Gwelo is a developed communal settlement in the Midlands province, Zimbabwe and is located about 40km north-west of Gweru, and stretches a further 50 km to the west. Lower gwelo was initially called Somabhula and later became Somabhula ekhanyayo after the establishment of Seventh day adventist missions stations that covered the entire area. The 2 main Chiefs in the Lower Gwelo area are Chief Sogwala and Chief Bunina. There are 5 Headmen (smaller chiefs) under Chief Sogwala:
* Sikombingo;
* Mdubiwa;
* Madikane;
* Nkawana; and
* Nyama
There is only one Headman under Chief Bunina, Chisadza.
The settlement type is mostly linear along roads, although it is dispersed in some remote areas. There are several business centres which include Mission, Mankunzane, Makepesi, Sikombingo, Dufuya, Mangwande, Sogwala, Maboleni and Insukamini. This former district administration centre which is also one of the few state townships in the country. Maboleni and Insukamini are the two growth points within lower Gwelo.

## Geography

Most of the areas are well watered and marshy. The major river is Vungu River locally referred to as u"Vunku" which is a tributary of the greater Shangani River. Gweru River locally referred to as u"Gelu" also passes through here to Shangani River.

## Demography

The principal language is isiNdebele and is understood by virtually the whole populace. Lower Gwelo residents are nearly all followers of SDA church and most schools are still run buy the church to date.

## Economy

Market gardening is the main economic activity in Lower Gwelo since the soils are fertile and well watered all year round. People of Lower Gwelo they are on second position in gardens in the midlands province following Gokwe in planting Vegetables, Fruits and maize.

## Irrigation schemes

It is positioned agro ecological region IV of Zimbabwe. Natural regions IV and V are too dry for successful crop production without irrigation. Lower Gweru has been blessed with the following irrigation schemes:
* Insukamini Dam
* Mkoba Irrigation Scheme
* Mambanjeni Irrigation Scheme
* Shagari Irrigation Scheme (not functional)

## Notable places

* Maboleni
* Insukamini
* Lower Gwelo Mission
* Insukamini ruins
* Sikombingo where the second SDA mission was established after Solusi Mission.

## Sogwala

Sogwala, known as koMumbu omanzi, is a village located in the northwest of Gweru, Zimbabwe. It is known by its nickname koMumbu omanzi which means fresh corn.

## Demography

The official language is isiNdebele and is understood by the whole populace.

## Geography

As the nickname suggests this is how the soil is, in the area, it is wet right around the year. The major river is Vungu River which is a tributary of the greater Shangani River. Gweru River also passes through here to Shangani River.
* Lower Gwelo Mission
* Sikombingo
* Mangwande
* Mzila
* NtabaMhlophe
* Dwaleni
* Dufuya
* Mhlahlandlela
* Turnoff Mabilisa
* Phakama
* Lahleka
* Makhulambila
* Madikane
* Mankunzane
* Shagari
* St Faith
* Makepesi
* Matshabeleni
* Dimbamiwa
* Sibomvu
* Vungu
# Love Riot (Newsboys album)

Love Riot is the eighteenth studio album by the Newsboys. Fair Trade Services alongside Columbia Records released the album on 4 March 2016.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| 365 Days of Inspiring Media | |
| CCM Magazine | |
| The Christian Beat | |
| CM Addict | |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | [5] [6] [7] |
| New Release Today | |
| Today's Christian Entertainment | |
| Worship Leader | |
Awarding the album three and a half stars for CCM Magazine, Matt Conner states, "Love Riot is the new album replete with new sonic touch points, most notably darker synth pulses," Kelly Meade, allocating the album a four and a half star rating at Today's Christian Entertainment, writes, "Complete with the hard hitting sounds & powerful vocals we've come to expect from the band, Love Riot is a welcome addition to all music collections." Giving the album three and a half stars from New Release Today, Marcus Hathcock says, "Expect to hear several of these songs top radio charts this year and further solidify the Newsboys as one of CCM's signature acts." Jay Akins, allocating the album four and a half stars for Worship Leader, states, "Newsboys simply elevates the listening experience with every track on their new record Love Riot.
Joshua Andre, allotting the album a four and a half star review by 365 Days of Inspiring Media, describes, "Well done guys for a stellar album, and one that will be on my music playlist for a long time!" Alex Caldwell, rating the album three and a half stars at Jesus Freak Hideout, states, "Love Riot does what an entry into a veteran band's catalog should do; it reminds you of what you liked about the artist in the first place while adding a few more moments to savor." Indicating in a three and a half star review from Jesus Freak Hideout, Lucas Munachen says, "With just enough of the old and new to satisfy fans of both, there's little reason to pass up on the action."
Christopher Smith, signaling in a three and a half star review for Jesus Freak Hideout, writes, "Michael Tait's powerful vocals, strong musical performances from longtime members Duncan, Jeff, and Jody, and just enough stylistic progression from Restart combine to make Love Riot a must-have for Tait-era Newsboys fans." Affixing a four star rating upon the album by The Christian Beat, Madeleine Dittmer describes, "Newsboys have once again successfully created a masterfully crafted collection of songs of good news. There is an unmistakable energy that runs through the album, giving it a celebratory feel...Newsboys again prove to be an institution in Contemporary Christian Music, boldly inspiring listeners and changing lives with each track." Jon Ownbey, bestowing a four star rating upon the album at CM Addict, states, "There is a good mix of faster paced music and some classic worship that will keep you from skipping through the tracks."

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 14 |
| US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
| US Christian Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Top Rock Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
# Tobipuranga chlorogaster

Tobipuranga chlorogaster is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1910.
# MACS 1423-z7p64

MACS 1423-z7p64 is a galaxy listed in the MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS), and announced on 10 April 2017 in the journal Nature Astronomy, as being the most distant source of reionization known at this time, with a redshift z = 7.640 ± 0.001 (lookback time >13.1 Gyr).

## Discovery

MACS 1423-z7p64 was discovered through gravitational lensing by MACS J1423.8+2404 (z = 0.545), a cluster that magnified its brightness by a factor of 10. To identify the galaxy, the astronomers used the slitless grism spectrograph of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope on the Hubble Space Telescope, and to determine its distance the Multi-Object Spectrometer for Infra-Red Exploration (MOSFIRE) detector of the Keck Observatory.
Nature received the paper on 27 October 2016.)

## Importance

With a redshift z = 7.640 ± 0.001, and being an order of magnitude lower in intensity than the four other Lyman-α emitters currently known at z > 7.5, it is probably the most distant representative source of reionization found to date. This is from a time when the universe was around 700 million years old.
# Toi Khullah Tehsil

Toi Khullah Tehsil is a subdivision located in Lower South Waziristan District District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population is 50,593 according to the 2017 census.
# Love Is a Rose

"Love Is a Rose" is a song written and composed by Neil Young. It first became popular in 1975 when Linda Ronstadt had a country hit with her version. "Love Is a Rose" has also been covered by other artists over the years.

## Neil Young version
### Background

Neil Young first recorded "Love Is a Rose" in 1974 for the unreleased album Homegrown. It was later released by Young in 1977 on the compilation Decade. Homegrown finally saw release in 2020, rendering Young's recording of the song no longer unique to Decade.
The melody for "Love Is a Rose" was taken from another as-yet unreleased song "Dance, Dance, Dance," which finally saw release on Live at Massey Hall 1971 in 2007. Young's longtime backing band Crazy Horse recorded the song, with the title "Dance, Dance, Dance", in 1971 on their album Crazy Horse.

## Linda Ronstadt version
### Background

Linda Ronstadt recorded "Love Is a Rose" in a country music arrangement on her platinum-certified 1975 album Prisoner in Disguise. Her rendition peaked at No. 5 the US Billboard Country Singles chart. "Love Is a Rose" also debuted on the pop-oriented "Billboard" Hot 100 but its B-side: "Heat Wave", became the track of choice for pop radio stations, also becoming a No. 5 hit. Ronstadt frequently performed the song at her concerts during the mid-to-late-1970s.

### Chart performance

| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 63 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 5 |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 100 |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 46 |

## Other versions

* Lisa Loeb recorded "Love Is a Rose" on her 2008 album, Camp Lisa.
* Jill Johnson covered the song on her 2009 cover album Music Row II, after having performed the song live in a cappella versions with the band during live concerts.
* Terri Clark recorded a cover of "Love Is a Rose" for her ninth studio album, Classic, which was released November 13, 2012. Clark's version was released as the album's first single in October 2012.
# James Woolley

James Joseph Woolley (September 26, 1966 – August 14, 2016) was an American keyboard and synthesizer player, best known for performing with industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails from 1991 to 1994, participating in the Pretty Hate Machine Tour Series and the Self Destruct Tour. Woolley appeared in the band's music videos for "Wish" and "March of the Pigs", and the video album Closure. Together with Nine Inch Nails, Woolley won a Grammy Award in 1996 for "Best Metal Performance" for their Woodstock '94 performance of "Happiness in Slavery".

## Career

In 1989, Woolley joined the Chicago-based band Die Warzau, where he played with future Nine Inch Nails-bandmate Chris Vrenna, and contributed to their 1991 album Big Electric Metal Bass Face. In July of that year, Woolley joined Nine Inch Nails as a live keyboardist for their Lollapalooza Tour and European tour. In 1992, he appeared in the band's music video for "Wish" and later stayed with the band during the recording of The Downward Spiral album, in addition to appearing in the video for "March of the Pigs". In 1994, Woolley participated in the band's Self Destruct tour, before leaving the line-up in December of that year due to family reasons. Earlier that year, Woolley contributed to the Sister Machine Gun album The Torture Technique. Following his departure from Nine Inch Nails, Woolley worked as a sound designer for The Simpsons. In 1997, he appeared in the Nine Inch Nail video album Closure, featuring footage from their Self Destruct tour. In 1998, Woolley toured with Rob Halford's band 2wo, which also included John 5 of Marilyn Manson. After 2wo, Woolley did studio work in Los Angeles, including contributions to albums by Leah Andreone and Ednita Nazario. In 2004, Woolley contributed to Die Warzau's album Convenience. After 2006, he formed the band V.O.I.D. that featured Jon Roberts, Mark Pearlman, and DJ Aaron Chase. Woolley last resided in Round Lake Beach, Illinois.

## Death

Woolley died on August 14, 2016, at the age of 49. His ex-wife, Kate Van Buren, revealed that Woolley had been living with "significant neck and spine injuries" which later contributed to his death from neck-related injuries after falling off a ladder while retrieving music equipment in his studio near Lake Forest, Illinois. Following his death, former Nine Inch Nails-bandmates Trent Reznor and Richard Patrick paid tribute to Woolley. Reznor thanked Woolley for his contributions to Nine Inch Nails during the band's Rock And Roll Hall of Fame induction speech in 2020.

## Discography
### With Die Warzau

* Big Electric Metal Bass Face (1991)

### Production and instrumental credits

| Year | Artist | Title | Notes |
| 1994 | Sister Machine Gun | The Torture Technique | Editing, keyboards |
| 1998 | Leah Andreone | Alchemy | Programming, keyboards |
| 1999 | Ednita Nazario | Corazón | Keyboards |
| 2004 | Die Warzau | Convenience | Performer |
# MAZ-541

The MAZ-541 was a Soviet aircraft tug.

## History

Conventional trucks were previously used to tow aircraft, but with the appearance of the Tu-104 and Tu-114, more powerful vehicles were needed. MAZ-535 tractors were used, but its height required a longer tow bar; as a result, maneuverability worsened as the tractor often had to turn around and reconnect. This not only caused flight delays, but also created an unsafe environment at the airport. Development of the MAZ-541 started in 1956.
It was reportedly used at Sheremetyevo International Airport.

## Design

Based on the MAZ-525 truck, the MAZ-541 had rear wheels from the MAZ-525 and front wheels from the YaAZ-214. The engine was also from the MAZ-525. There were only three produced, which were in use until 1970. Another ten units were planned, but with the increasing weight of newer airliners, they were never built.
# Luahoko

Luahoko is an island in Tonga. It is located within the Ha'apai Group in the centre of the country, to northeast of the national capital of Nukuʻalofa.
# Jamides aleuas

Jamides aleuas is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1865. It is found in the Australasian realm.
The larvae feed on Arytera pauciflora and Sarcopteryx stipitata.

## Subspecies

* J. a. aleuas (Misool)
* J. a. alcas (C. & R. Felder, [1865]) (Waigeu)
* J. a. coelestis (Miskin, 1891) (Queensland)
* J. a. sarsina (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Aru)
* J. a. pholes (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Manokwari, Biak, Dore Bay, Weyaland Mountains, Afrak Mountains, Oetakwa River, West Irian: Fak Fak)
* J. a. nitidus Tite, 1960 (eastern New Guinea to south-eastern Papua)
* J. a. jobiensis Tite, 1960 (Jobi)
# Jamides aratus

Jamides aratus is a butterfly of the lycaenids or blues family. It is found on Peninsular Malaysia, most of Indonesia and some surrounding islands.

## Subspecies

* J. a. aratus (Ambon, Serang, Sapania)
* J. a. adana (Druce, 1873) (Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra)
* J. a. pseudaratus (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Obi)
* J. a. ezeon (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Banda Island)
* J. a. vuniva Fruhstorfer, 1916 (Halmahera)
* J. a. batjanensis (Röber, 1886) (Bachan)
* J. a. caerulina (Mathew, 1887) (New Britain, Duke of York, possibly Solomons)
* J. a. aetherialis Fruhstorfer, 1916 (Kai Island) May be full species Jamides aetherialis (Butler, 1884)
* J. a. sestus (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Timor)
* J. a. avrus recte ayrus (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (West Irian) May be subspecies of Jamides aetherialis (Butler, 1884)
* J. a. duvana (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Karkar Island) May be subspecies of Jamides aetherialis (Butler, 1884)
* J. a. lunata (de Nicéville, 1898) (Sulawesi)
* J. a. tryphiodorus (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Java)
* J. a. nausiphanes (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Palawan)
* J. a. minthe (Fruhstorfer, 1916) (Sula)
* J. a. djampeana (Snellen, 1890) (Tanahjampea)
* J. a. makitai Takanami, 1987 Talaud
* J. a. vignei Rawlins, Cassidy, Müller, Schröder & Tennent, 2014 (North Maluku, Morotai)
* J. a. roberti Rawlins, Cassidy, Müller, Schröder & Tennent, 2014 (Maluku, Gebe)
* J. a. samueli Rawlins, Cassidy, Müller, Schröder & Tennent, 2014 (Maluku, Damar)
# Tjibbe

Tjibbe is a Dutch masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Tjibbe Joustra (born 1951), Dutch civil servant
* Tjibbe Veldkamp (born 1962), Dutch children's writer
# MBY

MBY, Mby or mby can refer to:
* Memoni language, a language spoken in Gujarat state, India, by ISO 639 code
* Malaybalay Airport, a now-defunct airport near Malaybalay, the Philippines, by former IATA code
* Mandi Dabwali railway station, a train station in Hisar district, Haryana state, India; see List of railway stations in Haryana
* Mawbyite, a brownish-red mineral containing lead, arsenic, and iron, by International Mineralogical Association symbol
* Omar N. Bradley Airport, an airport in Moberly, Missouri, U.S.; see List of airports in Missouri
* Middlebury station, a train station in Middlebury, Vermont, U.S.
* Maryborough railway station, Victoria, a train station in Mayborough, Victoria, Australia
# MBX

MBX may refer to:
* Maribor Airport - the IATA Airport Code for Maribor Airport
* MBX/MBX50 - A motorcycle manufactured by Honda
* mbx - A mailbox format supported by the UW-IMAP server
* Milton-Bradley MBX - A short-lived add-on (expansion) system made by Milton-Bradley for the TI-99