OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ulrich II, Duke of Carinthia

Ulrich II (r. 1181 – 10 August 1202), a member of the House of Sponheim, was Duke of Carinthia from 1181 until his death. He was one of the noble Germans who took part in the Crusade of 1197.

## Life

Ulrich II was the eldest son of Duke Herman of Carinthia, who had married Agnes of Babenberg, daughter of Duke Henry Jasomirgott of Austria and former queen consort of Hungary. Still a minor when his father died in 1181, he initially was under guardianship of his maternal uncle Duke Leopold V of Austria. Therefore, he had to stand back when the Otakar rulers of Styria became extinct and Leopold concluded the 1186 Georgenberg Pact with Ottokar IV in order to reserve the right of succession for the Austrian House of Babenberg. His paternal uncle was Pellegrino of Ortenburg-Spanheim, who ruled as Patriarch of Aquileia from 1195 to 1204. In 1192 he made a donation to St. Paul's Abbey.
Ulrich II came of age to rule independently from 1194 and, like his father, remained a loyal supporter of the Imperial Hohenstaufen dynasty. When Emperor Henry VI called for the German Crusade in 1195, the Carinthian duke was among the many nobles who undertook to go, even though he had scarcely reached adulthood. Starting in March 1197 these nobles with their troops left from the south of Italy and Sicily. The main fleet reached Acre in September 1197. The crusade ended after the fall of Sidon and Beirut. Henry VI died of a fever in Messina in October 1197. When they heard the news many of the higher-ranking nobles returning to Germany to protect their interests in the forthcoming Imperial election.
Having returned to Germany, Ulrich participated in the election of Philip of Swabia in 1198. However, he fell ill shortly afterwards and became incapable of ruling, whereafter his younger brother Bernhard acted as regent. There is a record of the duke making another donation to Saint George's Abbey on 31 March 1199. According to the necrology of Seckau Abbey, Ulrich died on 12 August 1202.
# John Hayes (sailor)

John Hayes (20 July 1832 - 28 January 1911) was a veteran of the American Civil War and a recipient of the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

Hayes was born in the Colony of Newfoundland, but left his home at an early age to work on British and American merchant vessels in the years leading up to the Civil War. He joined the United States Navy in December 1861. He served throughout the Civil War and was discharged in August 1868.
Later in 1868, Hayes moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and served on several ships that sailed the Great Lakes. He soon abandoned his naval lifestyle and settled down on a farm in Wisconsin and married. Near the end of his life, Hayes moved to Blairstown, Iowa, to be near his daughter. He died in January 1911.

## Battle of Cherbourg

In June 1864, Hayes was serving as the second captain of the number two gun of the USS Kearsarge. The ship was pursuing the CSS Alabama, a successful commerce raiding ship. On June 19, 1864, the Kearsarge found the Alabama off of the coast of the French port of Cherbourg. The two ships battled, and the Alabama was destroyed in less than an hour. The accuracy of the gun operated by Hayes was instrumental in sinking the Alabama. Hayes received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle.

## Citation

   Served on board the U.S.S. Kearsarge when she destroyed the Alabama off Cherbourg, France, 19 June 1864. Acting as second captain of the No. 2 gun during this bitter engagement, Hayes exhibited marked coolness and good conduct and was highly recommended for his gallantry under fire by the divisional officer.
# Louis Janssens

Louis Janssens (Chinese: 南阜民; pinyin: Nán Fùmín; 24 October 1876 – 14 April 1950) was a Belgian Catholic priest, missionary, and Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jehol between 1942 and 1948.

## Biography

Louis Janssens was born in Belgium, on 24 October 1876. He was ordained a priest on 14 July 1901. He went to Mongolia to preach in October 1903. On 24 February 1939 he became Vicar Apostolic of Jehol. When the People's Liberation Army controlled the area, he took refuge in Beiping. On 9 January 1948 he returned to Belgium after resignation.
On 14 April 1950 he died in Antwerp, Flemish Region, aged 73.
# List of NSW TrainLink train routes

NSW TrainLink is the operator of country railway passenger services in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It operated, as at July 2015, ten routes taken over from CountryLink in July 2013.

## Routes

Intercity routes taken over from CityRail in July 2013, and coach services are not included.

### North Coast

vteTrainLink Northern :
Legend :
| Grafton XPT (1 x Daily) Central Strathfield Hornsby Gosford Wyong Fassifern Broadmeadow Maitland Dungog Gloucester Wingham Taree Kendall Wauchope Kempsey Eungai Macksville Nambucca Heads Urunga Sawtell Coffs Harbour Grafton | Casino XPT (1 x Daily) Central Strathfield Hornsby Gosford Wyong Fassifern Broadmeadow Maitland Dungog Gloucester Wingham Taree Kendall Wauchope Kempsey Eungai (northbound only) Macksville Nambucca Heads Urunga Sawtell Coffs Harbour Grafton Casino | Brisbane XPT (1 x Daily) Central Strathfield Hornsby Gosford Wyong Fassifern Broadmeadow Maitland Dungog Gloucester Wingham Taree Kendall Wauchope Kempsey Macksville Nambucca Heads (southbound only) Urunga Sawtell Coffs Harbour Grafton Casino Kyogle (Brisbane Roma Street) |

### Southern

vteTrainLink Southern :
Legend :
| Canberra Xplorer (3 x Daily) Central (Sydney) Campbelltown Mittagong Bowral Moss Vale Bundanoon Goulburn Tarago Bungendore Queanbeyan Canberra | Melbourne XPT (2 x Daily) Central (Sydney) Campbelltown Moss Vale Goulburn Gunning Yass Junction Harden Cootamundra Junee Wagga Wagga The Rock Henty Culcairn Albury Wangaratta Benalla Seymour Broadmeadows Southern Cross (Melbourne) | Griffith Xplorer (2 x Weekly – from Sydney Wednesdays and Saturdays; from Griffith Thursdays and Sundays) Central (Sydney) Campbelltown Moss Vale Goulburn Yass Junction Harden Cootamundra Junee Coolamon Narrandera Leeton Griffith |

### Western

vteTrainLink Western :
Legend :
| Dubbo XPT (1 x Daily) Central (Sydney) Strathfield Parramatta Blacktown Penrith Katoomba Lithgow Rydal Tarana Bathurst Blayney Millthorpe Orange Stuart Town Wellington Geurie Dubbo | Broken Hill Xplorer A view from inside the cab of the Outback Xplorer Darnick station. The station is only a small platform next to the tracks. The dirt road to the right is the region's major road. (1 x Weekly – from Sydney Monday; from Broken Hill Tuesday) Central (Sydney) Strathfield Parramatta Penrith Katoomba Lithgow Bathurst Blayney Orange Parkes Condobolin Euabalong West Ivanhoe Darnick Menindee Broken Hill |

### North Western

vteTrainLink North Western :
Legend :
Moree/Armidale Xplorer
(1 x Daily)
Central (Sydney)
Strathfield
Hornsby
Gosford
Wyong
Fassifern
Broadmeadow
Maitland
Singleton
Muswellbrook
Scone
Murrurundi
Willow Tree
Quirindi
Werris Creek :
| to Armidale Tamworth Kootingal Walcha Road Uralla Armidale | to Moree Gunnedah Boggabri Narrabri Bellata Moree |
# Harry Manson (ice hockey)

Howard "Harry" Manson (January 21, 1885 – November 8, 1940) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Manson played professionally with Cornwall, Ontario, Galt, Ontario, Ottawa Victorias, Toronto Pros, Waterloo Colts, Port Hope Professionals and Montreal Wanderers.

## Career

Born in Mille Roches, Ontario, Manson first played professionally for the local Cornwall Hockey Club in the Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL) in 1906–07. He played one further season with Cornwall, and subbed in a Stanley Cup challenge for the Ottawa Victorias. In 1908–09, Manson played one game with Cornwall, then joined the Guelph Royals, followed by the Toronto Pros after Guelph disbanded. In 1909–10, Manson started the season with the Waterloo Colts, before joining Galt for two regular season games and a Stanley Cup challenge. In 1910–11, Manson stayed with the Port Hope Professionals of the Eastern Ontario Professional Hockey League all season. Manson played one game for the Montreal Wanderers in the 1911–12 season to end his professional career.

## Personal life

The 1911 Canadian census lists Manson's professions as "carpenter" and "hockey player".
# Tonti Township, Marion County, Illinois

Tonti Township is located in Marion County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,013 and it contained 430 housing units.

## History

Tonti Township was named in honor of Henry de Tonti, an early Italian/French explorer of Illinois.

## Geography

Tonti Township (T3N R2E) is centered at 38°41'N 88°58'W (88.691,-88.975). It is transversed northeast–south by Interstate Route 57 and State Route 37. Part of the Salem Reservoir (El. 166 m) is located at the southeastern part of the township. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.55 square miles (92.1 km$^2$), of which 35.45 square miles (91.8 km$^2$) (or 99.72%) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (or 0.28%) is water.

## Adjacent townships

* Foster Township (north)
* Kinmundy Township (northeast)
* Omega Township (east)
* Stevenson Township (southeast)
* Salem Township (south)
* Odin Township (southwest)
* Carrigan Township (west)
* Patoka Township (northwest)
# Mahatsara Sud

Mahatsara Sud is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Mananjary, which is a part of Vatovavy. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 2,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 99.5% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are cassava and rice, while other important agricultural products are coffee and lychee. Services provide employment for 0.5% of the population.
# Aasbüttel

Aasbüttel is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## Geography
### Geographic Location

The municipal area of Aasbüttel extends within the natural region of the Heide-Itzehoer Geest, northwest of Schenefeld. Situated on the High Geest in Westholstein, the area lies on the watershed between the rivers Elbe, Stör, and historically, Eider (nowadays, the Kiel Canal).

## History

In the year 1576, the municipality was first mentioned as Astebutel and belongs to the Büttel localities. The historical Ochsenweg passed through the village from Itzehoe via Hadenfeld, Siezbüttel, Aasbüttel, and Keller towards the West Coast of Schleswig-Holstein. Travelers on the Ochsenweg stayed overnight at the inn "Zur Erholung" in Aasbüttel.

## Politics
### Municipal Council

In the municipal election on May 14, 2023, a total of seven seats were allocated. These once again all went to the General Voters' Association Aasbüttel. The voter turnout was 61.3%.

## Coat of Arms

Blazon: "In blue an elevated golden peak, therein a narrow pierced wavy thread, from which a green ash leaf grows."
The basic color yellow refers to the natural geographical location of the municipality. The wedge in the shield's top is intended to indicate the back of a long extended ridge. The ridge forms an important watershed between Stör and Elbe and the former catchment area of the Eider, which is now formed by the Kiel Canal, symbolized by the interrupted wavy thread in the shield base. The name Aasbüttel derives from Asch (ash) and Büttel (settlement) and can be translated as "settlement near ash trees." The ash leaf is intended to symbolize the interpretation of the name.

## Economy and Transport

The main economic factor in the community today is its function as a commuter town. The general agricultural structural change has only allowed a few farms to survive. There is a production of Christmas trees.
The district road 60 of the Steinburg district runs through the municipal area. It branches off from the Schleswig-Holstein state road 127 in Warringholz. South of Aasbüttel, the route of the Bundesautobahn 23 (also known as the West Coast Autobahn) between Itzehoe and Heide runs through the municipal areas of Agethorst and Bokelrehm.

## Notable people

* Claus Göttsche (1899–1945), Head of the Jewish Affairs Office of the Hamburg Gestapo.
* Hans-Richard Hirschfeld (1900–1988), Ambassador.
* Friedrich von Passow (1865–1929), Lieutenant General in the Reichswehr.
# Thomas Myers

Thomas Myers (13 February 1774 – 21 April 1834) was an English mathematician and geographer.

## Early life

Myers was born 13 February 1774, in Hovingham village, North Yorkshire, England.

## Career

In 1806, Myers was appointed professor of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.

## Personal life

In 1807, Myers married Anna Maria, youngest daughter of John Hale. They had a son, Frederic Myers. On 21 April 1834, Myers died in his home in Blackheath, London, England.

## Works

Myers wrote:
* 'A Compendious System of Modern Geography, with Maps,' 1812, London, 8vo; re-edited ten years later in 2 vols. 4to.
* 'A Statistical Chart of Europe,' 1813.
* 'An Essay on Improving the Condition of the Poor, . . . with Hints on the Means of Employing those who are now Discharged from His Majesty's Service,' 1814.
* 'A Practical Treatise on finding the Latitude and Longitude at Sea, with Tables, &c., translated from the French of M. de Rossel' [1815].
* 'Remarks on a Course of Education designed to prepare the Youthful Mind for a career of Honour, Patriotism, and Philanthropy,' 1818.
In this the author, described as honorary member of the London Philosophical Society, recommends the study of mathematics, and especially of geometry, 'not only for checking the wanderings of a volatile disposition, . . . but for inspiring the mind with a love of truth.' The work was reprinted in the twelfth volume of the 'Pamphleteer.' Myers also wrote essays, chiefly on astronomical subjects, in various of the annual numbers of 'Time's Telescope' from 1811 onwards. The memoir of Captain Parry, introduced in one of these, and an 'Essay on Man' are highly praised in the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' 1823 p. 524, 1825 p. 541.
# TSS Hibernia (1920)

TSS Hibernia was a twin screw steamer passenger vessel operated by the London and North Western Railway from 1920 to 1923, and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway from 1923 to 1948.

## History

She was built by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton and launched in 1920.
In 1948, she was renamed TSS Hibernia II in preparation for a new vessel of the same name, the MV Hibernia (1949). Only a few months later she was scrapped by the British Transport Commission.
# Leptostylus perniciosus

Leptostylus perniciosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné & Hoffmann in 1981.
# Taormina (surname)

Taormina is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anne Taormina, Belgian mathematical physicist
* Giovanni Taormina (born 1988), Italian footballer
* Matt Taormina (born 1986), American ice hockey player
* Sheila Taormina (born 1969), American athlete
* Carlo Taormina (born 1940), Italian lawyer, politician, jurist and academic
# Toni Cucarella

Toni Cucarella is the pen name of Lluís Antoni Navarro i Cucarella (born 1959), a writer from Xàtiva, València.
He began to work at fourteen years old, doing various jobs, the latest as a postman. Amongst his work are the novels: Cool: Fresc (1987), El poeta (1988), Bogart & Bogart (1993) and L'última paraula (1998), which earned him the Ciutat de Badalona and Critica dels Escriptors Valencians awards. He has also written the collection of stories La lluna vista des de la terra a través de tele (1990) and Llet agra i altres històries com sagrades (2002). Quina lenta agonia, la dels ametlers perduts won the Andromina Award 2003 as part of the 32nd October Awards for Catalan Literature.
In juvenile fiction he has written Els ponts del diable (1995), Samaruc Award for Young Fiction, and El lledoner de l'Home Mort (1996). He has written articles for Levante-El Mercantil Valenciano, El Punt, Caracters, Ciudad de Alcoi, and Vilaweb. At one point in the elections of 2007, he became a candidate for Esquerra Republicana for the Spanish Parliament but has since returned to private life and occasionally published short stories at his blog.
# Torquay Academy

Torquay Academy is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Torquay, Devon, England. Before 1 September 2012, it was known as Torquay Community College and historically, known as Audley Park School.

## About

The academy is part of a multi-academy trust in partnership with Torquay Boys' Grammar School.
The headteacher is Steve Margetts. In January 2010, the school moved into a new building as part of the Building Schools for the Future scheme. In March 2012, a short film about the school's innovative design was made by ITN and broadcast at the Building Schools Exhibition and Conference.
Following its latest Ofsted inspection in February 2020, the school was rated "good" on all criteria. The inspectors noted 'Pupils are proud to attend Torquay Academy. The school has high ambitions for pupils, who say they feel inspired to do their best.' In 2016 the school received a national award, winning the SSAT Educational Outcome Award in recognition of its excellent GCSE results and improvement.
# Uncial 0163

Uncial 0163 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 5th century.

## Description

The codex contains a small part of the Book of Revelation 16:17-20, on one parchment leaf (12 cm by 8.5 cm). It is written in one column per page, 17 lines per page, in small uncial letters.
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category III. The surviving fragment of text concurs with Codex Alexandrinus.

## History

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 5th century.
The manuscript was found in Al-Bashnasa.
Text of the manuscript was published in 1908 by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt.
The codex currently is housed at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute (9351) (P. Oxy 848) in Chicago.
# Sonar (disambiguation)

Sonar or SONAR is a technique that uses sound propagation under water.
Sonar or SONAR may also refer to:

## Companies

* Sonar Entertainment, a television production company
* Sonar Kollektiv, a German record label
* Sonar Music, at Fox Studios Australia
* Sonar Radio, an online radio station based in Singapore
* Sonar Records, an English record label

## Entertainment

* Sonar (band), a Belgian musical group
* Sonar (comics), a DC Comics fictional character
* Sonar (Transformers), a fictional character
* Sónar, a music festival in Barcelona, Spain
* "Sonar", a radio single of the Mexican Electro/Pop band Belanova
* Sonar Kella, a 1974 Indian novel and film
* Vivek Sonar (born 1976), Indian flautist

## Computing

* Sonar (mobile application)
* SONAR (Symantec), a technology used in Norton-security software
* SonarQube, formerly named Sonar, a software quality management platform
* Cakewalk Sonar, digital audio workstation software
* Mouse Sonar, a computer accessibility feature in Microsoft Windows

## Other

* Sonar (keelboat), a sailboat
* Sonar River, India
* Kafil Uddin Sonar (1940s–2019), Bangladeshi politician
* Animal echolocation or bio sonar, the use of sound to navigate and identify objects
# Louis-Siffren-Joseph de Salamon

Louis-Siffren-Joseph de Salamon (b. at Carpentras, 22 October 1750; d. at Saint-Flour, 11 June 1829) was a French Bishop of Saint-Flour, and papal diplomat of the period of the French Revolution.

## Life

After studying law and theology at Avignon, at that time belonging to the Papal States, he was made auditor of the Roman Rota by the favour of Pope Pius VI. This office he resigned for a post in the Parlement of Paris, where he took part in the famous case of the Diamond Necklace (1784), which Cardinal de Rohan had supposedly purchased for Marie Antoinette, but which was later revealed to have been purchased for Jeanne de la Motte. He continued to be a member until the Parliament was abolished (1790).
Meanwhile he had kept up a correspondence with the cardinal Secretary of State, informing him of all that passed in Paris and could be of interest to Pius VI. When the nuncio, Antonio Dugnani, left Paris towards the end of 1790, the Pope appointed Salamon to be his internuncio at the Court of Louis XVI. His Catholicism marked him out for persecution, and accordingly he was thrown into prison at the time of the September massacres, 1792. Twice he narrowly escaped death.
On his release he wandered about in disguise, acting as vicar Apostolic. In 1801 Giovanni Battista Caprara arrived in France as papal legate and appointed him administrator general of the dioceses of Normandy. The new pontiff, Pope Pius VII, did not select him for one of the sees under the Concordat, but made him titular bishop of Orthosia of Caria. It was not until after the Restoration that he received a French see at the suggestion of Louis XVIII (1820).

## Works

His "Memoires" were discovered at Rome and published by Abbé Bridier (Mémoires inédits de l'internonce à Paris pendant la Révolution, Paris, 1890). They have been translated by Frances Jackson (A Papal Envoy during the Reign of Terror, London, 1911).
# TSS Irene (1885)

TSS Irene was a steam turbine cargo vessel operated by the London and North Western Railway from 1885 to 1906.

## History

She was built by Harland and Wolff for the London and North Western Railway in 1885 and put on the Holyhead – Dublin route. She was one of a trio of ships built over 4 years for this route, all of a similar size. The other ships were the Olga and Anglesey.
On 12 September 1889, Irene collided with Banshee 30 nautical miles (56 km) off Holyhead whilst of a voyage from Holyhead to Dublin. Both vessels were severely damaged. Irene assisted Banshee in to Holyhead. She was disposed of in 1906.
# Leptostylus palliatus

Leptostylus palliatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1874.
# Koanga, Burkina Faso

Koanga is a town in the Bingo Department of Boulkiemdé Province in central western Burkina Faso. In 2005, it had a population of 1,393.
# Lukovica (disambiguation)

Lukovica may refer to:
* Municipality of Lukovica, Slovenia
* Lukovica pri Domžalah, Slovenia
* Lukovica pri Brezovici, Slovenia
* Lukovica, Svilajnac, Serbia
* Lukovica, Makedonska Kamenica, North Macedonia
* Lukovica, Želino, North Macedonia