OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Van Alen Institute

Van Alen Institute is a Brooklyn-based independent nonprofit architectural organization that works to create equitable cities through inclusive design. It is located at 303 Bond St in Gowanus, Brooklyn.

## History

Van Alen Institute was founded in 1894 as the Society of Beaux-Arts Architects, later the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design and National Institute for Architectural Education. In 1995, the institute was named in honor of William Van Alen, architect of the Chrysler Building and recipient of the institute's 1908-1909 Paris Prize.
Van Alen Institute's current executive director is Deborah Marton, who also serves as President of the New York City Public Design Commission.

## Work

Van Alen Institute has supported architects, urban thinkers, designers, and scholars through design competitions, fellowships, awards, and public programs. It has fostered dialogue about architecture as a creative practice.
Van Alen Institute initiatives include Parks for the People and Ground/Work: A Design Competition for Van Alen Institute's New Street-Level Space. The institute was also a partner in Rebuild by Design and Changing Course: Navigating the Future of the Lower Mississippi River Delta.
In 2020, Van Alen Institute collaborated with the Urban Design Forum on Neighborhoods Now, a COVID-19 pandemic response initiative that paired businesses in hard-hit neighborhoods with pro-bono design support. Outcomes included outdoor restaurant seating, a night market in Manhattan's Chinatown, and safety protocol posters.
# Man's Estate

Man's Estate is a 1972 novel written by Australian author Jon Cleary set in the world of the British upper class.
It was also known as The Ninth Marquess in the US.

## Synopsis

The novel concerns a conservative British politician who survives World War II, the King David Hotel bombing, a Mau Mau attack and a horse riding accident. It was also known as The Ninth Marquess in the US.

## Publication history

After the novels' initial publication by Collins in UK and William Morrow in US it was reprinted by Fontana in UK in 1974.
The novel was also translated into German in 1973, and Portuguese and Dutch in 1974.
# Arhopala madytus

Arhopala madytus, the bright oakblue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. The species was first described by Hans Fruhstorfer in 1914. It is found on New Guinea and adjacent islands (Aru, Ambon, Waigeu, from Western New Guinea to Papua, Woodlark and the Louisiades) and the north-east coast of Queensland, Australia.
The wingspan is about 40 mm. Similar to Arhopala meander but above lighter bluish-violet. Beneath particularly the forewing shows dark longitudinal stripes on the hoary whitish-grey ground.
The larvae feed on Terminalia catappa, T. melanocarpa, T. sericocarpa and Hibiscus tiliaceus. They are attended by the ant species Oecophylla smaragdina.
# Theory of fructification

In economics, the theory of fructification is a theory of the interest rate which was proposed by French economist and finance minister Anne Robert Jacques Turgot. The term theory of fructification is due to Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk who considered Turgot as the first economist who tried to develop a scientific explanation of the interest rate.
According to Turgot, a capitalist can either lend his money, or employ it in the purchase of a plot of land. Because fruitful land yields an annual rent forever, its price is given by the formula of a perpetual annuity: If A denotes the land's annual rent and r denotes the interest rate, the land price is simply A/r. From this formula, Turgot concluded that "the lower the interest rate, the more valuable is the land."$^{:§89}$ Specifically, if the interest rate approached zero, the land price would become infinite. Because land prices must be finite, it follows that the interest rate is strictly positive. Turgot argued also that the mechanism which keeps interest rates above zero crowds out inefficient capital formation.$^{:§90}$
Böhm-Bawerk, who sponsored a different interest theory, considered Turgot's approach as circular. However, according to Joseph Schumpeter, the eminent economic historian, "Turgot's contribution is not only by far the greatest performance in the field of interest theory the eighteenth century produced but it clearly foreshadowed much of the best thought of the last decades of the nineteenth."
Much later, economists demonstrated that the theory of fructification can be stated rigorously in a general equilibrium model. They also generalized Turgot's proposition in two respects. First, land which is useful for residential or industrial purposes can be substituted for agricultural land. Second, in a growing economy, the existence of land implies that the interest rate exceeds the growth rate if the land's income share is bounded away from zero. The latter result is notable because it states that land ensures dynamic efficiency.
# Allium jepsonii

Allium jepsonii is a species of wild onion known by the common name Jepson's onion, honoring renowned California botanist Willis Linn Jepson.

## Distribution and habitat

Allium jepsonii is endemic to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada foothills of California, in Tuolumne, Placer, El Dorado, and Butte Counties. It is found at elevations of 300–600 metres (980–1,970 ft) and grows on clay soils.

## Description

Allium jepsonii, the Jepson's onion, grows to a height between about 20 and 40 centimeters from one or two oval-shaped bulbs. There is a single cylindrical leaf which is about the same length as the stem.
The inflorescence holds 20 to 60 small flowers, each under a centimeter long with pink-veined white tepals with curling tips.
# Katghara, Deoria

Katghara is a village in the Deoria district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Geography

Katghara falls under the Bhatpar Rani block. It has its own gram panchayat.

## Demographics

As of the 2001 Indian census, Kathaghara had a population of 1,221. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%.

## Cities, towns, and neighborhoods

The nearest place for shopping is Aktahi. The nearest town is Bhatpar Rani.

## Schools

Katghara village has primary school funded by the state government. It also has a privately owned middle school (up to class 10). There are schools in Bahiyari and Sohanpur for 10+2. The only option for graduation is Madan Mohan Malviya University situated at Bhatpar Rani.
# Jad people

The Jad people are a semi-nomadic tribe living in the Great Himalayas mountain range in the Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand states of India. They are primarily settled in the bordering region of Uttarakhand (Uttarkashi district), Himachal Pradesh (Kinnaur district) and Tibet. They mainly practiced sheep rearing and were shrewd traders trading with the Tibet. They were also recognised as the rulers of the Gartang Garh (one among the 52 Garhs or forts of the Garhwal Kingdom). They were entrusted by the King of Garhwal, with the important strategic task of securing the borders of Garhwal Kingdom from the Bushahr kingdom of Himachal and the Tibetan Empire.
The language they speak is critically endangered almost endemic to India. The language shares some similarities to the Kinnauri and Spiti languages, which are also in the Tibeto-Burman language family.
The famous tourist attraction Gartang Gali is near their village of Sang, Uttarakhand.

## Etymology

Jadhang village itself and the Jad people living in Jadhang and Nelang valley are named after a man named Jadha, who was resettled here in 1849 by British adventurer Frederick Wilson. The settlement document of the Garhwal Kingdom, which administered this area, from that era reads, "Wilson invited certain Jadha from the upper Pargana of Kunawar in Bashahr state (now in Himachal Pradesh) to settle at Nilang, re-establish the hamlet of Jadhang and administered the area on behalf of Maharaja Bhavani Shah [r. 1859-71 CE]." Wilson also built the Gartang Gali stairway.

## Social status

As of 2001, the Jad people were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's reservation program of positive discrimination.
# Albert Hahn

Albert Pieter Hahn (17 March 1877 – 3 August 1918) was a Dutch political cartoonist, caricaturist, poster artist and book cover designer; well known for his socialist and antimilitaristic viewpoints. Some of his drawings, especially those of the railroad strikes of 1903, have been regularly used in history textbooks. His adopted son, Albert Hahn jr. [nl], was also an artist, so he is sometimes referred to as "Sr.".

## Biography

He was born to a poor family; what he would later describe as "respectable poverty". His father painted signs and glass and made frames. Although his mother and sisters were members of the Mennonite church, his father was anticlerical. Both of his brothers were members of the labor movement.
At the age of nine, he developed tuberculosis in his vertebrae and could not finish school. At the age of twelve, when his condition had improved somewhat, he was apprenticed to his father. A few years later, he enrolled at the Academie Minerva. His training there was interrupted by a recurrence of his disease, which forced him to spend two years in a hospital. At seventeen, he returned to the Academie.
In 1896, he saw the works of Van Gogh at an exhibition in Groningen, which had a deep and permanent effect on his style. That same year, thanks to a government grant, he enrolled at the "Teekenschool voor Kunstambachten" in Amsterdam and, after graduating, became a drawing teacher at a technical school.
It was then that his growing interest in socialism led him to join the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP). One of his first projects as a member involved a study of the housing situation in Amsterdam. The result was a 100-page booklet called "Krotten en Sloppen" (Shacks and Slums), published in 1901, with his drawings.
The following year, Het Volk, a socialist newspaper, held a contest to find an artist for their weekly Sunday supplement. Hahn was selected and signed to a permanent contract. Soon, he began creating political cartoons in addition to illustrations; for De Notenkraker as well as Het Volk, and was able to quit his teaching job in 1905. After the beginning of World War I, his works dealt almost exclusively with denouncing the needless death and destruction.
Although he had occasional serious relapses, in 1911 he married the recently divorced Iemkje Dijkman, adopted her two sons, and had two daughters. In 1918, just before the end of the war, he succumbed to his disease. Over his career, he produced more than 4,000 drawings. A major retrospective of his work was held at the Nederlands Persmuseum in 2000.

## Selected posters

* Exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum (1916)
* The Colonial Exhibition of Semarang (1914)
* "The Pub is Closed", anti-alcoholism campaign (1913)
* "Vote Red", for the SDAP (1918)
* Providentia insurance company (1900)
# Susanna Lo

Susanna Lo (born February 20, 1966) is an American independent film director, writer and producer whose films include Black & White: A Love Story, Manson Girls and Alma of My Heart. Lo's films have been shown at the Berlinale, Montreal World Film Festival and the Torino Film Festival.

## Early life

Susanna Lo was born in Hong Kong and moved to Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of five. She was raised by a single father who was an undocumented worker until she was 12 when they became naturalized citizens. She went to Loyola Marymount University at 17 after receiving several scholarships to multiple colleges.

## Career

Lo started working for grass roots campaigns after college, initially working for Tom Hayden and Jane Fonda at Campaign California. She moved on to be a speech writer for Michael Dukakis' Presidential Campaign and for the California Democratic Party. Besides being an accomplished filmmaker, Lo is a novelist known for writing the international, best selling novel, Alma of My Heart. The film for this novel is currently shooting in Los Angeles.

## Films

In 1993, at the age of 26, Lo directed her first feature film, Black & White: A Love Story. This film went on to win seven international awards. Black & White: A Love Story is a part of a trilogy about controversial love that is followed by Alma of My Heart, a love story, and Delilah - A Love Story. Lo is also the director, writer and producer of Manson Girls.

## Mentorships

Lo has been mentoring underprivileged children on how to make films through PEN in the Classroom and FYI, Films by Youth Inside. She is currently developing an on-set film mentorship program for sex-trafficked and physically abused teenage girls with The Teen Project in Los Angeles.

## Awards

* 1996: Best Debut Film, Berlinale – Black & White: A Love Story
* 1996: Best First Feature Film, Montreal World Film Festival – Black & White: A Love Story
* 1996: Best Feature, Audience Award, Florida Film Festival – Black & White: A Love Story
* 1996: Film of Merit, Hong Kong Film Critics Award – Black & White: A Love Story
* 1996: Press Award, Paris Film Festival – Black & White: A Love Story
* 1997: Audience Award, Barcelona International Women's Film Festival - Largo
# 10th Brant Dragoons

The 10th Brant Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First raised in 1909 as the 25th Brant Dragoons, the regiment was redesignated in 1921 as the 10th Brant Dragoons. In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with the 2nd Dragoons to form the 2nd/10th Dragoons – now part of the 57th Field Artillery Regiment (2nd/10th Dragoons), RCA (currently on the Supplementary Order of Battle).

## Lineage
### 10th Brant Dragoons

* Originated on 1 April 1909, in Brantford, Ontario, as the 25th Brant Dragoons.
* Redesignated on 15 March 1920, as the 10th Brant Dragoons.
* Amalgamated on 15 December 1936, with the 2nd Dragoons and redesignated as the 2nd/10th Dragoons.

## Alliances

* United Kingdom - 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons (Until 1922)
* United Kingdom - 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards (1922–1936)

## Notable members

* Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Cockshutt
* Colonel John Henry Fisher
# Arhopala matsutaroi

Arhopala matsutaroi is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae first described by Hisakazu Hayashi in 1979. Its forewing length is 19 mm (0.75 in). It is endemic to the Philippines. It is uncommon and found only on Mindanao.
Etimology. The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Matsutaro HAYASHI, the father of the author.
# The Bridge (M. C. Escher)

The Bridge is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in March 1930.
It depicts a bridge connecting two sheer cliffs. On the top of the left hand cliff is a city. The chasm between the two cliffs is narrow but plummets out of view. In the distance is another outcrop with a city built on top. Both the rock and the architecture on this third outcrop are darker in colouration than in the foreground. The buildings appear to be modelled partly after southern Italian architecture. The rock is in blocky formations that appeared often during Escher's Italian period and it is possible that the village seen is Assisi.
# Autoroute 30

Autoroute 30 may refer to:
* A30 autoroute, in France
* Quebec Autoroute 30, in Quebec, Canada
# Allium keeverae

Allium keeverae, Keever's onion, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to North Carolina. There it is only found growing in the Brushy Mountains of Alexander and Wilkes counties, on the thin soil that forms near granite outcrops.
# Katghara, Jaunpur

Katghara is a village in Ram Nagar Block of Mariahu Tehsil of Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Its Postal Zip Code is 222161

## Geography

Katghara rises 285 feet above sea level. Its geographical position is 25°34' North, 82°36' East.

## Inside the village

A canal runs through the village from north to south. There is also a lake (Talab or Pokhara) and Shiv Temple.

### Government offices

Katghara has various government offices and educational institutes such as a veterinary hospital, government telephone exchange office, Government Model School and a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya.

### Social structure

People of this village belonging to various castes like Mirza, Kayastha, Yadav, Rajputs, Brahmins, Pal (Shepherd), Harijans (or Dalit), Kahars.
# Jake's Progress

Jake's Progress is the title of two albums and a TV series:
* Jake's Progress (album), a 1969 album by Jake Thackray
* Jake's Progress (TV series), a TV miniseries written by Alan Bleasdale.
* Jake's Progress (soundtrack), a 1995 soundtrack album to the above series by Elvis Costello and Richard Harvey
# List of people with narcolepsy

This is a list of notable people who have narcolepsy.

## List

* Jinkx Monsoon, American drag performer. Known for competing on RuPaul's Drag Race.
* Gabe Barham, drummer for American post-hardcore band Sleeping With Sirens
* Franck Bouyer, French road racing cyclist
* Lenny Bruce, American stand-up comedian, social critic, and satirist
* Molly Burhans, Environmentalist and cartographer
* Kevin Cadogan, musician (Third Eye Blind)
* George M. Church, molecular geneticist
* Sir Winston Churchill, British statesman, army officer, writer and Prime Minister of United Kingdom
* Graeme Dott, Scottish snooker player, 2006 World Champion
* Aaron Flahavan, Portsmouth F.C Goalkeeper who died in 2001
* G.O, K-pop idol (member of K-pop boygroup MBLAQ)
* Paul Gonsalves, jazz musician
* Teresa Nielsen Hayden, science fiction editor and essayist
* Harold M. Ickes, deputy White House chief of staff to Bill Clinton
* Jimmy Kimmel, late night talk show host
* Nastassja Kinski, actress
* Arthur Lowe, actor
* Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist and political activist
* Kang Daniel, K-pop idol (member of K-pop boygroup Wanna One)
* Dawn (rapper), South-Korean rapper and former K-pop idol
# Kabul Serena Hotel attack

Kabul Serena Hotel attack may refer to:
* 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack
* 2014 Kabul Serena Hotel attack
# Keep the Faith (KAT-TUN song)

"Keep the faith" is the fifth overall single by the Japanese boy band, KAT-TUN, and the second from their third studio album, KAT-TUN III: Queen of Pirates. It was released in three editions with three different covers; the regular edition contains all the songs and its instrumental versions, the first press edition came with a bonus track entitled "Lovin'U" and its instrumental track and the second limited edition was packaged with a DVD with the single's music video and a short film about the making of the music video.
The single was released on November 21, 2007, and was KAT-TUN's fifth consecutive number 1 on the Oricon weekly singles chart.

## Song information

"Keep the faith" was co-written by the former Boøwy lead vocalist and lyricist Kyosuke Himuro (who later released a cover version of the song on a 2008 compilation of his) and SPIN, a frequent songwriter for the group. Koki Tanaka also provided his own rap verses whilst ha-j arranged the track. A hard rock number, the song was used as the theme song to Jin Akanishi and Junnosuke Taguchi's school comedy series, Yukan Club, shown on NTV.

## Promotion

KAT-TUN first performed the song live on Music Station on November 14, 2007, and on their own late-night variety/talk show Cartoon KAT-TUN on November 21, the day the single was released. The group made their third appearance on Utaban on November 29, performed on Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ on December 3 and on NTV's "Best Artists 2007" special on December 11. KAT-TUN also visited Shounen Club Premium and Music Lovers on December 16 before returning to Music Station on December 21 to perform a medley of the single and "Yorokobi no Uta".

## Chart performance and reception

In its first week of release, "Keep the faith" debuted at number 1 with 350,863 copies sold knocking Hey! Say! JUMP's official debut single "Ultra Music Power" from the top spot. It stayed on the charts for 16 weeks and was certified as the fifth best-selling single of 2007 with total reported sales of over 459,919 units by the end of its chart-run. KAT-TUN became one of only two artists in Japanese music history to sell more than 300,000 copies of five or more consecutive singles in the first week (the other being another JE boy band and senpai, KinKi Kids).
The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan in November 2007 denoting more than 250,000 shipments. The song was honored at the 22nd Japan Gold Disc Awards when it was placed on the "Best 10 Music Singles (Domestic)" list alongside "Yorokobi no Uta".

## Track listing

* Normal edition
* First press edition
* DVD

### Sales and certifications

| Country | Provider | Sales | Certification |
| Japan | RIAJ | 459,919 | Platinum |
# Manakosa Union

Manakosa Union is a union in the Shibganj Upazila of Chapai Nawabganj District in the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh.
# Ariamnes alepeleke

Ariamnes alepeleke is a species of comb-footed spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in Hawaii.
# Ardrossan (disambiguation)

Ardrossan is a town in Scotland.
Ardrossan may also refer to:
* Ardrossan, South Australia, a town in Australia
* Ardrossan, Alberta, a Canadian hamlet
* HMS Ardrossan (J131), a Royal Navy minesweeper
* The estate of Helen Hope Montgomery Scott on Philadelphia's Main Line
* Ardrossan Shipbuilding Company, a company in Ardrossan since 1842 to 1969
# Austroparmelina

Austroparmelina is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains species formerly placed in the genera Parmelina and Canoparmelia. All species of Austroparmelina have an Australasian-South African distribution.

## Description

Austroparmelina species have a grey, foliose thallus comprising somewhat linear to irregular lobes, and featuring short, simple rhizines. Their relatively large ascospores measure 9–18 by 4–8 μm and have a thick perispore. The predominant secondary chemicals present in the genus are orcinol depsides such as lecanoric acid and gyrophoric acid.

## Species

* Austroparmelina chlorolecanorica (Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina conlabrosa (Hale) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina elixii (Argüello & A.Crespo) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina endoleuca (Taylor) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina euplectina (Kurok. ex Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina johnstoniae (Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina labrosa (Zahlbr.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina macrospora (Elix & J.Johnst.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina norpruinata (Elix & J.Johnst.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina pallida (Elix & Kantvilas) Kantvilas & Divakar (2013)
* Austroparmelina pruinata (Müll. Arg.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina pseudorelicina (Jatta) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina subarida (Elix) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina subtiliacea (Nyl.) A.Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010)
* Austroparmelina whinrayi (Elix) Kantvilas & Divakar (2013)
# Subaru Elaion

The Subaru Elaion is a modified Subaru Forester which was built by Subaru and Elaion (Repsol-YPF) to compete between Argentina and Chile in the 2010 Dakar Rally.
It has Subaru's signature 2.0-litre, 4-cylinder boxer engine, which produces 300bhp and 420 lb⋅ft (570 N⋅m) of torque. The car has a carbon-fibre and Kevlar body, and has a 9 in (23 cm) ground clearance.