OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Courtenay (1738–1816)

John Courtenay (22 August 1738 – 24 March 1816) was an Irish officer in the British Army who became a politician in England. He was a Whig member of Parliament (MP) at Westminster from 1780 to 1807, and again in 1812.
Courtenay was the second son of Henry Courtenay, a revenue officer from Newry, County Down in the Kingdom of Ireland. He was educated at Drogheda Grammar School.
He was MP for Tamworth from 1780 to 1796, and then for Appleby from 1796 to 1807. He was re-elected for Appleby at the 1812 general election, but resigned his seat shortly after Parliament met in December.
A member both of Brooks's and Whig Club, Courtenay aligned with Charles James Fox against the First Pitt ministry. As such, he supported reform measures, favouring the repeal of the Test Act in Scotland in 1791, abolition of the slave trade, and parliamentary reform; helped manage the impeachment of Warren Hastings; and, in A Poetical and Philosophical Essay on the French Revolution (1793), assailed Edmund Burke for his inveterate hostility to constitutional innovation and popular sovereignty.
With Sir Francis Burdett, in 1798 Courtenay supported the campaign of Catherine Despard to publicise and protest the conditions under which her Irish husband Colonel Edward Despard and other political radicals were held following the suspension of habeas corpus which Courtenay had opposed. In a House of Commons debate on the continued suspension, Coutenay read a letter from Catherine detailing the harsh conditions under which her husband was confined at in Coldbath Fields Prison. Edward Despard, a member of the London Corresponding Society and a United Irishman remained in prison for three years. In 1803 he was tried and executed for treason.
After the Acts of Union in 1800 he welcomed the new Irish MPs to the Commons, but protested the parliamentary oath of allegiance which continued to prevent members of Ireland's Roman Catholic majority from being seated in the House.
Courtenay was the surveyor-general of the ordnance from 1783 to 1784, and a lord of the treasury from 1806 to 1807 in the Grenville ministry.
# Lynching of Dan Anderson

Dan Anderson was an African-American man who was murdered in Macon, Mississippi, on May 20, 1927 at the age of 32. Anderson's father and grandfather had also been lynched.
On May 15, 1927, Anderson was accused of killing T. C. Edwards, a white farmer from Cliftonville, Mississippi. Anderson allegedly ambushed and shot Edwards as he was approaching a tenant house on the property. The rifle used in the shooting was supposedly hidden by one of Anderson's friends, and was found in a chicken coop. Anderson had been a tenant at the Edwards farm preceding the alleged murder. He was arrested in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. A mob of 300 to 500 men overtook Noxubee County sheriff T. B. Adams and took Anderson to the woods, firing more than 200 bullets into his body.
# Shanklin Pier Ltd v Detel Products Ltd

Shanklin Pier Ltd v Detel Products Ltd [1951] 2 KB 854 is a leading judgment on the subject of collateral contracts in English contract law. In it the High Court of Justice King's Bench Division used the principle of collateral contracts, to create an exception to the rule of privity of contract where a contract may be given consideration by entering into another contract.

## Facts

Shanklin Pier Ltd hired a contractor to paint Shanklin Pier. They spoke to Detel Products Ltd about whether a particular paint was suitable to be used, and Detel assured them that it was, and that it would last for at least seven years. On the basis of this conversation Shanklin Pier Ltd instructed the contractors to use a particular paint, which they did. The paint started to peel after three months, and Shanklin Pier attempted to claim compensation from Detel Products.

## Judgment

McNair J's judgment read:
   This case raises an interesting and comparatively novel question whether or not an enforceable warranty can arise as between parties other than parties to the main contract or the sale of the article in respect of which the warranty is alleged to have been given. ... I am satisfied that, if a direct contract of purchase and sale of [the paint] had then been made between the plaintiffs and the defendants, the correct conclusion on the facts would have been that the defendants gave to the plaintiffs the warranties substantially in the form alleged in the statement of claim. In reaching this conclusion, I adopt the principles stated by Holt CJ in Crosse v Gardner and Medina v Staughton that an affirmation at the time of sale is a warranty provided it appear on evidence to have been so intended.
   If, as is elementary, the consideration for the warranty in the usual case is the entering into of the main contract in relation to which the warranty is given, I see no reason why there may not be an enforceable warranty between A and B supported by the consideration that B should cause C to enter into a contract with A or that B should do some other act for the benefit of A.
# Habibpur railway station

Habibpur railway station is a railway station of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system and operated by Eastern Railway. It is situated at Mahishya para, Raghabpur, Habibpur on the Ranaghat–Shantipur line in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. This railway station serves Ranaghat I and Habibpur area.

## History

The Kalinarayanpur–Shantipur section was converted to broad gauge to allow EMU coaches from Sealdah to run up to Shantipur. The line including Habibpur railway station was doubled in 2014–15 and electrified in 1963–64.
# Tiller (botany)

A tiller is a shoot that arises from the base of a grass plant. The term refers to all shoots that grow after the initial parent shoot grows from a seed. Tillers are segmented, each segment possessing its own two-part leaf. They are involved in vegetative propagation and, in some cases, also seed production.
"Tillering" refers to the production of side shoots and is a property possessed by many species in the grass family. This enables them to produce multiple stems (tillers) starting from the initial single seedling. This ensures the formation of dense tufts and multiple seed heads. Tillering rates are heavily influenced by soil water quantity. When soil moisture is low, grasses tend to develop more sparse and deep root systems (as opposed to dense, lateral systems). Thus, in dry soils, tillering is inhibited: the lateral nature of tillering is not supported by lateral root growth.
# Sir James Henry Craig (1811 ship)

Sir James Henry Craig was launched at Quebec in 1811. She sailed to England and made three voyages as a West Indiaman. The British East India Company (EIC), in 1813 lost its monopoly on the trade between Britain and India. In 1817 she sailed for India but was condemned at Calcutta after she sustained extensive storm-damage at the start of her homeward-bound voyage.

## Career

Sir James Henry Craig, Kippen, master, was cleared for London in November 1811. She then arrived at Deal, from Quebec. She was re-registered in London prior to 19 May 1812.
Sir James Henry Craig first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) for 1813 with Kippen, master, changing to Taylor, Linthorne, owner, changing to Dawson & Co., and trade London–Quebec, changing to London–Jamaica.
Lloyd's Register for 1815 listed her with A. Davidson, master, changing to M'Iver, J. Dawson, owner, and trade London–Jamaica. She had undergone repairs for damages in 1813 and 1814. In 1816 she was offered for sale or charter. The advertisement described her as having been built for the East India trade. She had only made three voyages to Jamaica, was copper-fastened and had been coppered in 1815. She had just come out of a dry dock.
In 1813 the EIC had lost its monopoly on the trade between India and Britain. British ships were then free to sail to India or the Indian Ocean under a licence from the EIC.
Captain B. Browne, owner and master, sailed her from England on 30 March 1817, bound for Bombay, under a license from the EIC.

## Fate

On 13 September 1817 Sir James Henry Craig, Brown, master, put back to Calcutta after sailing for London. She had endured 14 days of gales that had left leaking and with her mainmast and bowsprit sprung. It was expected that she would transship her cargo in October and that she would go into dock to be condemned. She was condemned on 14 November. She was then sold for breaking up.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Wallace (1929), p. 255.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hackman (2001), p. 313.
* 1 2 Marcil (1995), p. 385.
* 1 2 3 LR (1815), Seq.№492.
* ↑ Quebec Gazette, 21 November 1811.
* ↑ Quebec Gazette, 19 March 1812.
* ↑ Library and Archives Canada – Item: 65712: SIR JAMES HENRY CRAIG.
* ↑ LR (1813), Seq.№S540.
* ↑ Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, London, England (19 June 19, 1816).
* ↑ Hackman (2001), p. 247.
* ↑ LR (1818), "Licensed and Country Ships".
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5258.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5265.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №5271.
# Anaka General Hospital

Anaka General Hospital, also known as Anaka Hospital, is a hospital in the Northern Region of Uganda.

## Location

The hospital is in the town of Anaka in Nwoya District, approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) south-west of the Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. This is about 321 kilometres (199 mi), by road, north-west of Mulago National Referral Hospital, The geographical coordinates of Anaka General Hospital are 02°35'59.0"N, 31°56'51.0"E (Latitude:2.599707; Longitude:31.947496).

## Overview

Anaka General Hospital was built in the 1960s during the administration of Prime Minister Milton Obote. During the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency, the hospital was attacked, ransacked, and vandalized.
The hospital suffers from dilapidated infrastructure, antiquated or non-existent equipment, poor funding, poor staffing, poor pay, late salary payments, and low staff morale. According to a 2012 published report, the hospital had gone several years without a physician or surgeon.

## Renovations

Beginning in 2014, the Uganda Ministry of Health began renovating this hospital, using a loan from the World Bank. The improvements, which cost UGX:18.65 billion, included the following: 1. New, bigger outpatients' department 2. Build a mortuary 3. Enlarge the private wing for paying patients 4. Renovate the existing staff housing 5. Renovate the hospital's water source 6. Rehabilitate the hospital's water supply pipe system, both outside and inside the facility 7. Rehabilitate the hospital's sewerage disposal system, both inside and outside the buildings 8. Construct an emergency room (casualty department) 9. Construct a psychiatric department 10. Build an intensive care unit.
# John Clarke (dean of Wells)

John Martin Clarke (born 20 February 1952) is a retired Anglican priest. He was the Dean of Wells from 2004 until his retirement on 31 December 2015.

## Early life and education

Clarke was born on 20 February 1952 and educated at West Buckland School, a private school in West Buckland, Devon. In 1973, he entered Edinburgh Theological College, an Anglican theological college in Edinburgh. During this time, he also studied at the University of Edinburgh, and he graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity (BD) degree in 1976. He studied at Hertford College, Oxford and Edinburgh University.

## Ordained ministry

Clarke was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1976 and as a priest in 1977. His career began with a curacy at The Ascension, Kenton, Newcastle, after which he was precentor of St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth, then the information officer and communications advisor to the General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church. From 1989 to 1996 he was vicar of St Mary, Battersea, then principal of Ripon College Cuddesdon and finally (before his appointment to the deanery) a residentiary canon at Lincoln Cathedral.
As part of his duties as dean of Wells Cathedral he is also chairman of the governors at Wells Cathedral School.
Since 2011, Clarke has been one of the Church Commissioners, the body which manages the assets of the Church of England.
# Lysiloma

Lysiloma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae.
The genus is native to the Americas, and species range from Arizona and New Mexico through Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica, and in Florida, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, and Turks and Caicos Islands.

## Species

There are eight accepted species:
* Lysiloma acapulcense (Kunth) Benth. Mexico to Nicaragua
* Lysiloma auritum (Schltdl.) Benth. southern Mexico to Costa Rica
* Lysiloma candidum Brandegee Baja California Peninsula
* Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq.) J.F.Macbr. Mexico to Costa Rica
* Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. – false tamarind. Southern Mexico, Belize, Cuba, Bahamas, Turks & Caicos, Florida.
* Lysiloma sabicu Benth. – sabicu, horseflesh. southeastern Mexico, Cuba, Hispaniola, Bahamas, Florida
* Lysiloma tergeminum Benth. central and southwestern Mexico
* Lysiloma watsonii Rose – littleleaf false tamarind. Native to southeastern Arizona's Rincon Mountains and in Sonora, Mexico.

### Formerly placed here

* Lysiloma ambiguum and L. vogeliana were reclassified as Parasenegalia vogeliana
* Lysiloma polyphyllum was reclassified as Parasenegalia visco
# Habibu Kinyogoli

Habibu Kinyogoli (born 2 October 1948) is a Tanzanian boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Kinyogoli also represented Tanzania at the 1970 and 1974 British Commonwealth Games. He won a silver medal in the 1973 All-Africa Games in the bantamweight category.
# Luda Kroitor

Luda Kroitor is a salsa dancer from Australia. She is a five time world Salsa champion. She also won Australia's Dancing with the Stars twice.

## Early life

Kroitor was born in Moldova. She moved to Australia at ten years old. At ten years old, she partnered with dancer Oliver Pineda.

## Career

Kroitor is the former five time world Salsa champion with dance partner Oliver Pineda. She is known for her role as dance instructor on Dancing with the Stars. She rose to fame after winning Dancing with the Stars series 8, with her partner Luke Jacobz, who was an actor on Home and Away and McLeod's Daughters. She also won while partnered with singer Johnny Ruffo, in series 12.
Kroitor also choreographed for Australia's So You Think You Can Dance.

## Personal life

In 2012, Kroitor became engaged to Matt Wilson. The couple had a daughter together in 2014.
# Henry Hartigan

Henry Hartigan VC (March 1826 – 29 October 1886) was born Drumlea, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh and was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

He was about 31 years old, and a Pensioned sergeant in the 9th Lancers, British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place for which he was awarded the VC:
   9th Lancers. Pensioned Serjeant H. Hartigan.
   Date of Acts of Bravery, 8th June and 10th October, 1857.
   For daring and distinguished gallantry in the following instances:— At the battle of Budle-ke Serai, near Delhi, on the 8th June, 1857, in going to the assistance of Serjeant H. Helstone, who was wounded, dismounted, and surrounded by the enemy, and at the risk of his own life, carrying him to the rear.
   On the 10 October 1857, at Agra, in having run unarmed to the assistance of Serjeant Crews, who was attacked by four rebels.
   Hartigan caught a tulwar, from one of them with his right hand, and with the other hit him on the mouth, disarmed him, and then defended himself against the other three, killing one and wounding two, when he was himself disabled from further service by severe and dangerous wounds.

## Further information

He later achieved the rank of lieutenant. He died in Calcutta, India on 29 October 1886.
# Jake Ryan

Jake Ryan may refer to:
* Jake Ryan (Australian actor) (born 1983), Australian actor
* Jake Ryan (American football) (born 1992), former American football linebacker
* Jake Ryan (American actor) (born 2003), American actor
* Jake Edward Ryan, Citizens for Constitutional Freedom militant in the occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge
* Jake Ryan, former drummer in the American metalcore band The Chariot
* Jake Ryan (Hannah Montana), a character in Hannah Montana media, played by Cody Linley
* Jake Ryan (Sixteen Candles), a character in the film Sixteen Candles, played by Michael Schoeffling
# Jinzhouwan Airport

Jinzhouwan Airport may refer to:
* Jinzhou Bay Airport, serving Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
* Dalian Jinzhouwan International Airport, serving Dalian, Liaoning, China
# List of German Communist Party members

A list of notable politicians and members of the German Communist Party (DKP):

## A

* Hans-Henning Adler (now Die Linke)
* Kersten Artus (now Die Linke)

## B

* Eva Bulling-Schröter (born 1956, politician, today 'Die Linke' (party))

## C

* Emil Carlebach

## D

* Franz Josef Degenhardt (1931–2011)
* Christian v. Ditfurth (until 1983)

## E

* Gisela Elsner

## F

* Franz Heitgres

## G

* Peter Gingold

## H

* Alfred Haag
* Lina Haag
* Hannes Heer
* Hans Heinz Holz
* Jörg Huffschmid

## K

* Gisela Kessler
* Franz Xaver Kroetz (until 1980)
* Maria Krüger

## M

* Herbert Mies

## N

* Harry Naujoks
* Otto Niebergall

## P

* Detlev Peukert

## R

* Max Reimann
* Paula Rueß

## S

* Sabine Wils
* Karl Schabrod
* Paul Schäfer (politician)
* Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler
* Karin Struck

## T

* Uwe Timm (until 1981)
* Axel Troost (now Die Linke)

## W

* Hannes Wader (until 1991)
* Christel Wegner
# W. H. Walsh

William Henry Walsh FBA FRSE (/wɒlʃ/; 10 December 1913 – 7 April 1986) was a 20th-century British philosopher and classicist. He was an expert on Immanuel Kant. In an essay on "Meaning in History," he argued that the role of the historian is to neither to catalogue events nor to trace chains of causation, but rather to draw out connections between details and events in ways that make the past, if never quite tidy, then still broadly intelligible.

## Life

Walsh was born in Leeds on 10 December 1913, the son of Fred Walsh and his wife May Stephens. His father was a Baptist and his mother a Catholic, but he was raised with no religion in his life. He was one of three children, with two sisters Mary and Muriel. The family moved to Baildon near Bradford in his infancy. Walsh was educated at Bradford and Leeds Grammar School on a scholarship.
Walsh studied classics at Merton College, Oxford under G. R. G. Mure, taking his BA in 1935; he became a Fellow of Merton the following year, and held his Fellowship - with two short intervals, 1940-1945 and 1946-1947 - until 1960.
During the Second World War, Walsh served in the Royal Signal Corps (1940–1941). He was posted to the Cryptography School at Bedford, and then to do intelligence work for the Foreign Office (1941–1945), based at Bletchley Park.
Walsh was made Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh (1960–1979) later emeritus; and one of the three Vice Principals of the University of Edinburgh (1975–1979).
In 1979, Walsh was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Steven Watson, Matthew Black, Norman Gash and Frank Gunstone.
Walsh returned to Merton College in 1979.
Walsh died of melanoma of the brain on 7 April 1986.

## Family

In 1938, Walsh married Frances Beatrix "Trixie" Ruth Pearson who studied French at Oxford.
They had three children, one son and two daughters, all of whom went to Oxford University.

## Publications

* Reason and Experience (1947)
* An Introduction to Philosophy of History (1951)
* Metaphysics (1963)
* Hegelian Ethics (1969)
* Kant's Criticism of Metaphysics (1976)
# Lysiana subfalcata

Lysiana subfalcata, common name Northern mistletoe, is a spreading to pendulous hemi-parasitic shrub in the Loranthaceae (a mistletoe family) which occurs in all mainland states of Australia except Victoria.

## Description

Lysiana subfalcata is a smooth mistletoe with no hairs on its branches, leaves or flowers. The leaves are oblanceolate, mostly grey-green, 20–120 mm long and 4–20 mm wide, and do not always have a midvein. The paired flowers have an unlobed or weakly lobed calyx and a corolla which is 25–50 mm long. The mature corolla is red, rarely yellow, and sometimes green or black tipped. The fruits are indehiscent, succulent, yellowish and 8–14 mm long, usually pale and somewhat translucent.
Lysiana subfalcata is distinguished from other local (Northern Territory) species of Lysiana by the combination of its oblanceolate leaves, its non-winged pedicels, the paired flowers on a common peduncle, its non-septate anthers, the largely red corolla tube with green or yellow lobes, and the yellowish fruit that are longer than wide.
Lysiana subfalcata can be confused with Lysiana spathulata, but L. spathulata has broader leaves, septate anthers, and a slightly different host and habitat range.

### Flowering and fruiting

The South Australian flora website describes it as flowering and fruiting throughout the year, but in the Northern Territory, the Northern Territory flora website states that it flowers from March to October and fruits from April to October.

## Ecology

It is found in open forests and woodland. However, the Northern Territory flora website describes it as occurring on rocky or gravelly ranges, on hills or rises, on sandplains, and on intermittent watercourses and run-on areas.
Major hosts for Lysiana subfalcata in Western Australia are species in the genera Lysiphyllum, Eucalyptus, and Acacia, while in South Australia, and New South Wales (and for Australia) they are listed as species in the genera Atalaya, Heterodendrum, Bauhinia, Santalum and the family Casuarinaceae. Hosts in the Northern Territory are listed as including species of Acacia, Alectryon, Atalaya, Capparis, Eucalyptus, Grevillea, Pittosporum, Senna and Vachellia.

## Ethnobotany

Aboriginal groups use Lysiana subfalcata in various ways:
* The Alyawarr for food and as a source of water.
* The Anmatyerr for firewood, and to make toys and weapons.
* The Kaytetye use the fruit for food.
* The Pintupi Luritja use the fruit for food.
* The Pitjantjatjara use the fruit as food, to make gums, as plant food for animals; the plant for shelter and shade, to make toys and weapons, fish poisons and traps.
* The Waramangu for weapons and tools, fish-poisons and traps.
* The Warlpiri as food, as plant foods for animals; the plant for shade and shelter, to make weapons and tools, fish-poisons and traps.
* The Western Arrernte people for shade and shelter.

## Gallery

* Red corolla on Lysiphyllum gilvum,Burke River floodplain, QLD
* on Lysiphyllum gilvum,Burke River floodplain, QLD
* on Atalaya hemiglauca, Narran River floodplain, NSW
* on Atalaya hemiglauca
# Little Missouri Bank Building

The Little Missouri Bank Building, located on the northwest corner of Main Street and First Street in Camp Crook, South Dakota, was built in 1918. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
It has a flat roof and a false front. In 1987 it was deemed "architecturally significant to rural Harding County as one of the best preserved bank buildings in the county. In the town of Camp Crook, the Little Missouri Bank was the only bank which operated in the community. The building is of local importance as it is the most impressive commercial structure still standing in Camp Crook."
The bank was established in 1902 and moved to this building in 1918.
It was later used as the Camp Crook General Store.
# Letheobia lumbriciformis

Letheobia lumbriciformis, also known as the Zanzibar gracile blind snake or wormlike beaked snake, is a species of snake in the Typhlopidae family. It is endemic to East Africa and is known from northeastern Tanzania (including Zanzibar) and from eastern Kenya.
# Longavesnes

Longavesnes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Longavesnes is situated 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Saint-Quentin, in the northeast corner of the department, on the D101 road.