OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franchise and Ballot Act

The Franchise and Ballot Act (1892) was an act of the Cape Colony Parliament, driven by Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes, which raised the property franchise qualification, thus disenfranchising a large proportion of the Cape's non-white voters, and a number of poor white voters.
It was a significant early step in overturning the Cape's liberal and multi-racial constitution.

## Background

The Cape Colony had a system of franchise that was open to men of all races, dating back to its early constitution in 1853 and its achievement of "Responsible Government" in 1872. Under this system, the right to vote was based on £25 property franchise regardless of race.
In the ensuing decade, increasing numbers of the Cape's Black African citizens became politically active. By the 1880s, the Cape's Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes was disturbed by the prospect that white politicians may eventually be sidelined in many Cape Constituencies where non-white voters formed a majority. As more and more African citizens exercised their right to vote under the law as it existed, their vote looked to soon be decisive.
The Cape Colony was also unique of all the countries in southern Africa for its multi-racial franchise. At this time in the Transvaal and the Orange Free State indigenous Africans had no voting rights, and in Natal very few non-whites had the right to vote.

## Immediate effects

The Cape Colony's Franchise and Ballot Act of 1892 raised the franchise qualifications from £25 to £75, which effectively disenfranchised non-whites in significant enough numbers to make their voting powers negligible, but some poor whites were disenfranchised too.

## Long-term effects

This legislation settled the disputes as to whether non-whites had voting power in Cape Colony in the late 19th century, and is recognized as being an early example of legislation motivated by racial discrimination, although the law itself achieved its racially discriminatory aims only indirectly, through financially based clauses.
# Giorgi Nakashidze

Giorgi Nakashidze (Georgian: გიორგი ნაკაშიძე; born on 23 July 1971 in Tbilisi, Georgia) is a Georgian film, television, and stage actor.
Born in Tbilisi, Georgia, Nakashidze starred in the 2014 film Tangerines which was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards. It was also among the five nominated films at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards for best foreign language film.
At the 2014 Eurasia Film Festival, the best actor award went to Nakashidze and the three other lead actors (Lembit Ulfsak, Elmo Nüganen, and Mikhail Meskhi) in the film “Tangerines”.
In 2015, Nakashidze was arrested for minor hooliganism. Reportedly, a drunken Nakashidze approached police officers and a verbal altercation ensued. The police arrested him and transferred him to the police station. The Interior Ministry confirmed his detention. According to them, the detainee was charged under Article 173 of the Administrative Code, pertaining to resistance to police and minor hooliganism. He was freed after paying a fine.

## Filmography

* Atu - Alaba (Otel Kalipornia) (1995)
* A Chef in Love (1996)
* Otsnebebis sasaplao (1997)
* Samotkhe chveni qalaqis quchebshi (2000)
* Djen prischjol (2004)
* Mtvris gemo (2004)
* Cheri anu daumtavrebeli pilmis masala (2005)
* Graffiti (2006)
* Reverse (2006)
* Qagaldis Tkvia (2007)
* Mediator (2008)
* Tbilisuri Love Story (2009)
* Jaqo's Dispossessed (2009)
* The Watchmaker (2011)
* A Fold in My Blanket (2013)
* Tangerines (2013)
* Inhale-Exhale (2019)
# Giuseppe Crestadoro

Giuseppe Crestadoro (Palermo, Sicily, 1711 – Messina, 1808) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

Born to a jeweler, he first trained in Palermo under Vito D'Anna. He returned to Messina in 1743, after a devastating plague had decimated the city. Described as having a passionate character, and belonging to no school, but an original genius. In 1783, he moved to Siracusa to paint some churches, including the ceiling of the church of the Monastery of Santa Maria, the church of Saint Lucia, the church of the convent of San Francesco, and the Tribuna dello Spirito Santo. Returning to Messina and Sicily, he painted in Ficarra and Saponara.
In Messina, he painted an oil canvas depicting St Anne and Saints for the church of San Francesco di Paola, a number of canvases, including a Heart of Jesus for Santa Teresa, and an Immaculate Conception in the church of San Filippo Neri. He also painted frescoes in the church of Santa Teresa in Basicò, and for the chapel of San Giuseppe dei PP. Crociferi, and for the church of Santa Barbara. He also painted frescoes depicting the Glory of the Virtuous Prince for Palazzo Ajutamicristo.
# Francesc Vendrell i Vendrell

Francesc Vendrell i Vendrell (15 June 1940 – 27 November 2022) was a Spanish Catalan diplomat.

## Biography

Vendrell got a Bachelor's degree in law at the University of Barcelona, continued studying at King's College in London and graduated in modern history at the University of Cambridge. He became director of the Academy of International Law in The Hague in 1979.
In 1968 he joined the diplomatic corps of the UN, where he was appointed head of the documentation services of the general secretariat for Europe and America from 1987 to 1992. Among other positions in the high body, he has been the personal representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations in the peace processes of El Salvador and Nicaragua (1989–1991), Guatemala (1990–1992) and East Timor (1999). He has participated in diplomatic missions to the Caucasus (1992) and Haiti (1993), and was director of the political affairs division for East Asia and the Pacific (1993–1997) and of the combined Asia-Pacific division (1998–1999).
In 1999 he was appointed head of the UN Secretary-General's Office for Political Affairs in Asia, the Pacific, America and Europe. From 2000 to 2002, he headed the UN special mission to Afghanistan (UNSMA), and was later appointed representative of the European Union. In 2002 he received the Creu de Sant Jordi Award by the Government of Catalonia.
Between 2002 and September 2008 he was appointed by the European Union as its Special Representative for Afghanistan.
During the academic year of 2008-2009, he was visiting professor at the Woodrow Wilson School. Afterwards, he worked as an adjunct professor at the School for Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Bologna campus.

## Awards

* Creu de Sant Jordi (2002)
* Member of the Order of St. Michael and St. George
* Order of Wazir Akhbar Khan (Afghanistan)
* Honorary Doctorate, Ramon Llull University (2015)
* Ordem da Liberdade (Order of Liberty, 2019)
* Ordem de Timor-Leste (2019)
# Gippsland Times

The Gippsland Times is a newspaper published in Sale, Victoria, Australia since 1861. It is now part of Fairfax Media's group of regional newspapers.
Its full title is The Gippsland Times and Maffra Spectator, reflecting a takeover of the previously separate Maffra Spectator, which was based in Maffra.
# Skin bridge

A skin bridge is a penile skin adhesion. It most commonly occurs as a consequence of an improperly healed circumcision, being formed when the inner lining of the remaining foreskin attaches to another part of the penis (normally the glans) as the cut heals. While less common, skin bridges can also occur in uncircumcised men due to difficulty of cleaning, resulting in buildups of smegma underneath wide skin bridges, but this is typically a minor inconvenience and does not lead to further issues. However, in more severe cases, this condition can result in painful erections, sometimes requiring surgical correction.
# Sitaram Seksaria

Sitaram Seksaria (1892–1982) was an Indian independence activist, Gandhian, social reformer and institution builder from West Bengal, known for his contributions for the upliftment of Marwari community. He was a self-educated man. He was the founder of a number of institutions and organizations, including Shri Shikshayatan, a higher educational institution, Marwari Balika Vidyalaya, a primary school, Samaj Sudhar Samiti, a social organization, Bangiya Hindi Parishad, a literary society dedicated for the propagation and development of Hindi language and literature and Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad, a non governmental organization. For few years he also served as a minister in Azad Hind Fauj. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honor of the Padma Bhushan, in 1962, for his contributions to society. His life story has been compiled in a book, Padma Shri Sitaram Seksaria Abhinandan Granth, edited by Bhawarmal Singhi and published in 1974. He died in 1982.
* India portal
* Biography portal
# Francine Fromond

Francine Fromond (2 October 1917 – 5 August 1944), known as Anna Frolova in the Soviet Union, was a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War who was captured and executed by the German army at Fresnes Prison, aged 26.

## Early life

Fromond was born in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, the daughter of Albert Fromond, a mechanic who was killed in 1932 during a protest march against unemployment, and his wife, Germaine Pointeau. With her mother, a dressmaker, Francine Fromond grew up in Les Lilas, where her brother, Marcel, became secretary of the local branch of Young Communists. Having obtained her Certificat d'études primaires (CEP), she was forced to leave school at the age of thirteen to work in a shop, then became a shorthand-typist.

## Communist activities

In 1933 she joined the Union des jeunes filles de France (UJFF), and quickly took a leading role. In 1935, she was selected to join a delegation to Moscow, where she entered the International Leninist School under the pseudonym of Madeleine Dupuy. In 1936 she became an assistant to Giulio Ceretti, a Communist agent who worked under the pseudonym of "Pierre Allard", using a company called France-Navigation to give assistance to the Republican faction in the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, when the company was closed down, she was involved in a clandestine mission to recover the company documents.

## Second World War

Later in 1939, Fromond went to Belgium to work for the Czech Communist leader Eugen Fried. She was then sent to Denmark to liaise with Giulio Ceretti, and was arrested in May 1940 but was freed after a few weeks as a result of Soviet diplomatic intervention, and returned to the Soviet Union. Towards the end of 1941 she was sent to the UK, where she received parachute training. Along with Raymond Guyot and Daniel Georges, she was parachuted into France in January 1942, on a mission codenamed "Rum". She arrived near Montpellier, where she was to set up a radio station, with the assistance of her own mother and another Resistance worker, Joséphine Turin, codenamed "Fifi".
On 30 July 1943 all three women were arrested and sent to Fresnes Prison, where Francine's mother, Germaine, died as a result of ill-treatment. Fromond and Turin were tortured by the Gestapo at Lyon but revealed nothing. They were sent to Paris and then to Lyon for trial, and were executed on the same day in 1944, a short time before the country was liberated.

## Legacy

During a post-war search for Fromond's body and effects, it was discovered that she had been married to another Resistance worker, Maurice Velzland, but had left him because he was considered untrustworthy; he had subsequently been shot. Schools in Bagnolet, Aubervilliers, Drancy and Fresnes are named after her, as well as a street in Les Lilas.
Fromond commemorated on Tempsford Memorial in Bedfordshire, UK under her Soviet name Anna Frolova.
# Glassan

Glassan or Glasson (Irish: Glasán), also the Village of the Roses, is a small village in rural County Westmeath, Ireland. It is 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Athlone, on the N55 national secondary road, not far from the shores of Lough Ree.

## History and layout

The village was established and laid out to serve Waterstown House, the remnants of which is located on a hill south east of the village. The Harris-Temple family lived in Waterstown House which was built in the 1740s. The village is laid out as a straight street without a central square or common. At the south end the school was built to educate the children of the employees of the big house.
A small river known as the River Tullaghan flows through the northern end of the village and then flows south to Killinure Lough, a part of Lough Ree.
The core of the village consists of a late 18th/early 19th century terrace of two-storey rose-covered houses. Suburban development has taken place on all approaches to the village in recent times.
The village is overlooked by Caraun Hill, particularly so when approaching the village from the direction of Lough Ree. The village school was built for Isabella Harris who believed that education was one of the elements which could prevent the repetition of the distress experienced during the famine of the 1840s.

## Amenities

Services and businesses in the village include two pubs, both with restaurants, a restaurant in the Old Garda Barracks (Called Glasson Village Restaurant), a hairdresser, Garda Station, automotive sales and repair garages, a heritage/community centre (in the old school house), service station and supermarket, a number of B&Bs, a concrete works, a stonemason's workshop, a defunct petty sessions court house, a former Royal Irish Constabulary Barracks, a dispensary operated by the Health Board, and a reproduction water pump installed by the Tidy Towns (ignoring the locations of several original pumps in the village which had been stolen).
Glassan also hosts two hunts; namely the Glassan Farmers Hunt and the South Westmeath Harriers.
Close to the village in an area which was originally the deer park of the Waterstown demesne is Wine Port, so named because wine was brought from France and Spain by boat and landed here, and brought to the cellars under the house by cart.

## Waterston House

The village of Glasson was built to service Waterston House, home of the Temple-Harris family. It is one of many Irish villages which were built to service an estate, or 'Big House'. Other examples of planned villages associated with such estates are Celbridge (Castletown House), Westport (Westport House), Durrow (Durrow Castle), and Kildare (Carton House).
All that remains of Waterston House is a corner of two of the original facades, remains of the house basement, the farmyard, the walled garden, the pigeon loft and some minor structures. What is lost is the rest of the house, the decorative terraced gardens, the castle on an island on the lake, the canals, woods, and shipyards.
# Glaucocharis robinsoni

Glaucocharis robinsoni is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by David E. Gaskin in 1985. It is found on Fiji.
# Give Give Give

"Give Give Give" is a 1986 charity single by Dance Aid, a supergroup of British soul artists. This was done to support multiple sclerosis research.

## Background

The late British DJ and personality Steve Walsh was influenced by Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and USA for Africa's "We Are the World", for those hits became a very fashionable vehicle of raising money and awareness. Walsh contacted Steve MacIntosh of the Cool Notes about creating a charity supergroup to make a similar charity record for the UK to support multiple sclerosis research.
MacIntosh wrote the song "Give, Give, Give" and asked Paul Hardcastle to produce the song with him. Walsh and Hardcastle sent MacIntosh a demo of the song and it was then agreed to use the song to move ahead with the project. Phil Fearon, MacIntosh's the Cool Notes, Mel & Kim and Hazell Dean were some of the British dance and soul acts involved, alongside comedian Lenny Henry. American acts such as Jean Carne, Odyssey, Steve Mancha, Kenny G and Edwin Starr also took part.
The first version was released in the autumn of 1986 under the name Disco Aid. It was a minor hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at No. 85.
In 1987, the song was re-produced together with British producers Stock Aitken Waterman. This time it was released under the act name Dance Aid. Other participants included Sinitta, Ruby Turner and Pepsi & Shirlie. It failed to chart in the UK, but was a top 40 hit in Belgium.

## Track listing

12" vinyl
* "Give, Give, Give" (Extended Mix) - 5:39
* "Give, Give, Give" (7" Mix) - 3:55
* "Give, Give, Give" (Instrumental) - 3:57
7" vinyl
* "Give Give Give" - 3:55
* "Give Give Give" (Instrumental) - 3:59
Dance Aid version:
12" vinyl
* "Give Give Give" (12" Version) - 7:21
* "Give Give Give" (7" Version) - 3:44
* "Give Give Give" (Senza Voce) - 4:39
7" vinyl
* "Give Give Give" (7" Version) - 3:44
* "Give Give Give" (Senza Voce) - 4:39

## Chart performance

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| UK Singles | 85 |
| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 33 |
# Slick Willie

Slick Willie or Slick Willy may refer to:
* Willie Brown (politician), former California legislator and San Francisco mayor
* Bill Clinton, former president of the United States
* W. W. Herenton, former mayor of Memphis
* Willie Sutton, a prolific bank robber
* Willy Wise, boxer
* William Nylander, NHL forward
# Glenea latevittata

Glenea latevittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1920 and is known from Borneo.
# Girgis

Girgis is a surname, that derives from the given name Girgis, an Arabic form of Geōrgios (English: George). People with this surname are usually Coptic Christians.
People with this surname include:
* Angele Ishag Girgis (born 1937), Sudanese teacher
* Falco Girgis, developer of the game Elysian Shadows
* Habib Girgis (1876–1951), dean of the Catechetical School of Alexandria
* Luke Girgis, Australian musician and businessman
* Sarah Girgis, executive producer of 2021 American television documentary Wendy Williams: What a Mess!
# Skylar Morton

Skylar Alexandra Morton (born April 24, 1994) is an American tennis player.
Morton has a career high WTA singles ranking of 1198 achieved on December 19, 2011.
Morton made her WTA main draw debut at the 2017 Citi Open in the doubles draw partnering Alana Smith.
Morton played college tennis at the University of Virginia and UCLA.
# Skukuza Airport

Skukuza Airport (IATA: SZK, ICAO: FASZ) is the only commercial airport in Kruger National Park, located near Skukuza, in the Mpumalanga province in South Africa. The airport was established in 1958 and was named in honour of James Stevenson-Hamilton, the first warden of the Kruger national park. In 2018, the airport was dubbed "the prettiest airport in the world" by Forbes.

## Facilities

The airport has a small retail gift shop as well as a coffee shop and bar for visitors waiting for their flights. Three check-in counters are available, and there are couches available as well.
Only daytime parking is available (no overnight).

### Ground transport

Avis Car Rental runs the car rental facilities at both Skukuza camp and Skukuza Airport. In addition to the rental facility at the airport, they provide a shuttle service to the main Skukuza camp. Lion Sands Reserve provides free shuttles from Skukuza airport for guests to the reserve.

### Runway

The airport is at an elevation of 1,020 feet (311 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 17/35 with an asphalt surface measuring 1,550 by 30 metres (5,085 ft × 98 ft). The runway is sloped, putting the northwest end at 1,034 feet (315 m) elevation and the southeast end at 992 feet (302 m). Landing permission is handled by the Skukuza AP management company.

## Airlines and destinations

The only commercial flights to Skukuza are offered by Airlink, with a single daily flight to Cape Town and two daily flights to O. R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg. Private and charter flights are also available, but as Skukuza has a limit of 10 landings and 10 takeoffs per day between the hours of 09:00 and 15:00, slots are limited. Flights are also required to take specific paths in order to reduce noise in sensitive natural areas.
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Airlink | Cape Town, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo |

## History

Skukuza Airport was established in 1958 and began operating in 1959. In 2001, commercial flights were discontinued due to the opening of Kruger Mpumalanga International Airport near Nelspruit. Charter flights were still accepted at the airport if scheduled ahead of time. Commercial flights were reopened in the second half of 2013, and management of the airport was handed from South African National Parks to a private operator, the Skukuza Airport Management Company, which is jointly owned by Lion Sands Reserve, Federal Air and Airlink. The airport is assigned to be able to handle a maximum of six scheduled flights a day, with a maximum of 30 per week. Up to four charter flights are allowed each day. In January 2014, construction commenced on a major renovation, and the airport reopened on 2 June 2014. The airport has also been continuously used by the South African Air Force for anti-poaching efforts.

## Gallery

* Rhino statue at entry
* Baggage claim
* Sign visible from the runway
* Sign as you disembark plane to building
* A Comair Douglas DC-3 at Skukuza in 1973
# Francisco "Paquito" Joglar Herrero

Francisco "Paquito" Joglar Herrero (May 12, 1922 – October 5, 1957) was a Puerto Rican medical technologist who served in the United States Army during World War II and later became a civic leader.

## Early life and career

Francisco Joglar Herrero, nicknamed "Paquito", was born on May 12, 1922, in the town of Corozal, Puerto Rico. His parents were Francisco Joglar Rodriguez and Angelina Herrero Calderón. At an early age, his family moved to the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico where he attended elementary as well as high school. He served in the United States Army in the Medical Department during World War II with the rank of Technician fourth grade. In 1947, Francisco Joglar married Elsa Pesquera Umpierre.
Early on, he distinguished himself as a community and civic leader in various organizations such as the Lions Club, Colonia Hispanoamericana, the Catholic Church and the Vaqueros de Bayamón fan club. He was a founding member of the Alpha Chi Beta fraternity Bayamón chapter. He worked with the Boy Scouts of America Puerto Rico Council, serving as founding member of the Order of the Arrow chapter in Puerto Rico. For his service to the BSA, he was honored with the Silver Beaver Award.

## Death

He died on October 5, 1957 in a car accident and is buried at the Puerto Rico National Cemetery in Bayamón, Puerto Rico.

## Posthumous honors

In his honor, a street in Bayamón is named after him. An oil painting portrait of Francisco Joglar Herrero is on permanent display at the "Galeria de Bayamoneses Ilustres" at the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico Bayamon Campus. The "Paquito Joglar" cabin in Puerto Rico's Guajataka Scout Reservation was named after him.
# Skärbäck

Skärbäck is a nature reserve in Varberg Municipality, Sweden. It's situated between the lakes Skärsjön, Humsjön and Grytsjön. The reserve has an area of 98 hectares and is dominated by broad-leaved deciduous forest. It was established in 1978.
The area has been dominated by beech forest for at least 1,000 years. In the 19th century, much of the forests in Halland were felled, but not at Skärbäck. One reason may have been that the area was owned by the nobility until 1892. Felling of forest on the land of the nobility was surrounded by restrictions.
In the forests of Skärbäck, there are many rare species, for example different lichens. There are also birds like stock pigeon and hawfinch.
# Give Him the Ooh-La-La (song)

"Give Him the Ooh-La-La" is a 1939 popular song written by Cole Porter, for his musical DuBarry Was a Lady, where it was introduced by Ethel Merman.
The song was performed by Carol Burnett in one of her earliest TV appearances in 1956, as part of the Omnibus program The American Musical Comedy.
It became the title track of Blossom Dearie's 1958 album with the same name.

## Notable recordings

* Blossom Dearie - Give Him the Ooh-La-La (1958)
* Cybill Shepherd - Cybill Does It... ...To Cole Porter (1974)