# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 94

This is a list of cases reported in volume 94 of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1876 and 1877.

## Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of 94 U.S.

The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices). Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice).
When the cases in 94 U.S. were decided the Court comprised the following nine members:
| Justice | Office | Home State | Succeeded | Date confirmed by the Senate (Vote) | Tenure on Supreme Court |
| Morrison Waite | Chief Justice | Ohio | Salmon P. Chase | January 21, 1874 (63–0) | March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888 (Died) |
| Nathan Clifford | Associate Justice | Maine | Benjamin Robbins Curtis | January 12, 1858 (26–23) | January 21, 1858 – July 25, 1881 (Died) |
| Noah Haynes Swayne | Associate Justice | Ohio | John McLean | January 24, 1862 (38–1) | January 27, 1862 – January 24, 1881 (Retired) |
| Samuel Freeman Miller | Associate Justice | Iowa | Peter Vivian Daniel | July 16, 1862 (Acclamation) | July 21, 1862 – October 13, 1890 (Died) |
| David Davis | Associate Justice | Illinois | John Archibald Campbell | December 8, 1862 (Acclamation) | December 10, 1862 – March 4, 1877 (Resigned) |
| Stephen Johnson Field | Associate Justice | California | newly created seat | March 10, 1863 (Acclamation) | May 10, 1863 – December 1, 1897 (Retired) |
| William Strong | Associate Justice | Pennsylvania | Robert Cooper Grier | February 18, 1870 (No vote recorded) | March 14, 1870 – December 14, 1880 (Retired) |
| Joseph P. Bradley | Associate Justice | New Jersey | newly created seat | March 21, 1870 (46–9) | March 23, 1870 – January 22, 1892 (Died) |
| Ward Hunt | Associate Justice | New York | Samuel Nelson | December 11, 1872 (Acclamation) | January 9, 1873 – January 27, 1882 (Retired) |

## Notable Case in 94 U.S.
### Munn v. Illinois

In Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. 113 (1876), the Supreme Court upheld the power of state governments to regulate private industries that affect "the common good". The case resulted because in 1871 the Illinois legislature responded to pressure from the National Grange, an association of farmers, by setting maximum rates that private companies could charge for the storage and transport of agricultural products. The Chicago grain warehouse firm of Munn and Scott was found guilty of violating the law but appealed the conviction on the grounds that the law was an unconstitutional deprivation of property without due process of law that violated the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court of Illinois ruled in favor of the State, and the US Supreme Court upheld its judgment. In his opinion for the Court, Chief Justice Morrison Waite affirmed the constitutionality of state regulation extending to private industries that affect public interests, also stating that even though Congress alone is granted control over interstate commerce, a state could take action in the public interest without impairing that federal control. Significantly, this ruling also applied to railroads, as railroad companies were deemed private companies serving the public interest. Munn v. Illinois was a landmark precedent that state regulation of grain elevator rates and railroad rates was within the bounds of the Constitution.

## Citation style

Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.
Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.
* "C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of . . .
** e.g.,"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey
* "D." = United States District Court for the District of . . .
** e.g.,"D. Mass." = United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
* "E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western
** e.g.,"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
** e.g.,"M.D. Ala." = United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
* "Ct. Cl." = United States Court of Claims
* The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time.
** e.g.,"Pa." = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
** e.g.,"Me." = Supreme Judicial Court of Maine

## List of cases in 94 U.S.

| Case Name | Page & year | Opinion of the Court | Concurring opinion(s) | Dissenting opinion(s) | Lower Court | Disposition |
| Wheeler v. Sedgwick | 1 (1876) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| Hoadley v. City of San Francisco | 4 (1876) | per curiam | none | none | C.C.D. Cal. | affirmed |
| Pike v. Evans | 6 (1877) | Bradley | none | none | C.C.D. La. | reversed |
| Atlantic & P.R.R. Co. v. Hopkins | 11 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | multiple |
| Ex parte Cutting | 14 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.E.D. Mo. | mandamus denied |
| Humes v. Scruggs | 22 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.N.D. Ala. | reversed |
| Utley v. Donaldson | 29 (1877) | Swayne | none | Strong | C.C.E.D. Mo. | reversed |
| Doyle v. Wisconsin | 50 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Wis. | affirmed |
| United States v. Bostwick | 53 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Ct. Cl. | reversed |
| Leavenworth Cnty. v. Barnes | 70 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | affirmed |
| United States v. Clark | 73 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Ct. Cl. | reversed |
| Storm v. United States | 76 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.D. Cal. | affirmed |
| 199 Barrels Whiskey v. United States | 86 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.E.D. Tex. | affirmed |
| Consolidated F.J. Co. v. Wright | 92 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| Smith v. United States | 97 (1876) | Waite | none | none | Sup. Ct. Terr. Wash. | argument denied |
| City of Omaha v. Hammond | 98 (1877) | Miller | none | none | C.C.D. Neb. | affirmed |
| West W. Ry. Co. v. Foley | 100 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.W.D. Wis. | affirmed |
| Douglas Cnty. v. Bolles | 104 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | affirmed |
| Hurst v. Hollingsworth | 111 (1876) | Waite | none | none | not indicated | dismissal denied |
| Dayton v. Lash | 112 (1876) | Waite | none | none | C.C.D. Minn. | dismissed |
| Munn v. Illinois | 113 (1877) | Waite | none | Field | Ill. | affirmed |
| Chicago et al. R.R. Co. v. Iowa | 155 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.D. Iowa | affirmed |
| Peik v. Chicago & N. Ry. Co. | 164 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.W.D. Wis. | affirmed |
| Chicago et al. R.R. Co. v. Ackley | 179 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Wis. Cir. Ct. | affirmed |
| Winona et al. R.R. Co. v. Blake | 180 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Minn. | affirmed |
| Stone v. Wisconsin | 181 (1877) | Waite | none | Field | Wis. Cir. Ct. | affirmed |
| Dunbar v. Myers | 187 (1876) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | reversed |
| Johnson Cnty. v. January | 202 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | affirmed |
| Atlantic D. Co. v. James | 207 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.D.R.I. | reversed |
| United States v. Smith | 214 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Ct. Cl. | affirmed |
| United States v. Phisterer | 219 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | Ct. Cl. | affirmed |
| Cammeyer v. Newton | 225 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| Inman S.S. Co. v. Tinker | 238 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | reversed |
| Foster v. Port of New Orleans | 246 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | La. | reversed |
| Ex parte Jordan | 248 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | mandamus granted |
| Selma & M.R.R. Co. v. Louisiana Nat'l Bank | 253 (1876) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ala. | dismissed |
| East Oakland Twp. v. Skinner | 255 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ill. | reversed |
| United States v. Young | 258 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Ct. Cl. | multiple |
| Town of S. Ottawa v. Perkins | 260 (1877) | Bradley | none | Waite | Ct. Cl. | reversed |
| Muller v. Dows | 277 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.D. Iowa | printed argument filed |
| Marion Cnty. v. Clark | 278 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | affirmed |
| Fuller v. Yentzer I | 288 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.N.D. Ill. | affirmed |
| Fuller v. Yentzer II | 299 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.N.D. Ill. | affirmed |
| MacKall v. Chesapeake et al. Co. | 308 (1877) | Miller | none | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | affirmed |
| Burlington Twp. v. Beasley | 310 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | affirmed |
| United States v. Fox | 315 (1877) | Field | none | none | N.Y. | affirmed |
| Hill v. Thompson | 322 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.E.D. Mich. | dismissed |
| Barney v. City of Keokuk | 324 (1877) | Bradley | none | none | C.C.D. Iowa | affirmed |
| First Nat'l Bank v. Whitman | 343 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | reversed |
| Ex parte Flippin | 348 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.W.D. Tenn. | mandamus denied |
| Cromwell v. Sac Cnty. | 351 (1877) | Field | none | Clifford | C.C.D. Iowa | reversed |
| Johnson v. Harmon | 371 (1877) | Bradley | Clifford | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | affirmed |
| Beall v. White | 382 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | reversed |
| McCready v. Virginia | 391 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Va. | affirmed |
| Chorpenning v. United States | 397 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | Ct. Cl. | affirmed |
| United States v. Martin | 400 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | Ct. Cl. | reversed |
| Gould v. Day | 405 (1877) | Field | none | none | C.C.E.D. Mich. | affirmed |
| New York v. Commissioners | 415 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | N.Y. | affirmed |
| Ex parte Loring | 418 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.E.D. Mich. | mandamus denied |
| Selden v. Equitable T. Co. | 419 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.D. Conn. | affirmed |
| Davis v. Brown | 423 (1877) | Field | none | none | C.C.N.D. Ill. | affirmed |
| McClure v. Oxford Twp. | 429 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | affirmed |
| Stewart v. Salamon | 434 (1877) | Field | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ga. | reversed |
| National Bank v. Mechanics' Nat'l Bank | 437 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| Conro v. Crane | 441 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.N.D. Ill. | dismissed |
| Muller v. Dows | 444 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.D. Iowa | affirmed |
| Ex parte Smith | 455 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.W.D. Tenn. | mandamus denied |
| Connecticut et al. Co. v. Schaefer | 457 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ohio | affirmed |
| Howell v. Western R.R. Co. | 463 (1877) | Miller | none | none | C.C.E.D.N.C. | reversed |
| Hinckley v. Gilman et al. R.R. Co. | 467 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ill. | dismissal denied |
| Milwaukee et al. Ry. Co. v. Kellogg | 469 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.D. Iowa | affirmed |
| Stark v. Starr | 477 (1877) | Field | none | none | C.C.D. Or. | affirmed |
| Clark v. Hancock | 493 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Cal. | dismissed |
| The Margaret | 494 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.E.D. Mich. | affirmed |
| Wayne Cnty. v. Kennicott | 498 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ill. | affirmed |
| Eyster v. Centennial Bd. | 500 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.E.D. Pa. | reversed |
| Allore v. Jewell | 506 (1877) | Field | none | Strong | C.C.E.D. Mich. | reversed |
| Davis v. Crouch | 514 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Va. | dismissed |
| The Edith | 518 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| Hyde v. Woods | 523 (1877) | Miller | none | none | C.C.D. Cal. | affirmed |
| Waite v. Dowley | 527 (1877) | Miller | none | none | Vt. | affirmed |
| Doyle v. Continental Ins. Co. | 535 (1877) | Hunt | none | Bradley | C.C.W.D. Wis. | reversed |
| Davis v. Alvord | 545 (1877) | Field | none | none | Sup. Ct. Terr. Mont. | reversed |
| Southern E. Co. v. Dickson | 549 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ala. | affirmed |
| Dutcher v. Wright | 553 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.E.D. Wis. | affirmed |
| Aetna L. Ins. Co. v. France | 561 (1877) | Bradley | none | none | C.C.E.D. Pa. | affirmed |
| Merrill v. Yeomans | 568 (1877) | Miller | none | Clifford | C.C.D. Mass. | affirmed |
| Relief F. Ins. Co. v. Shaw | 574 (1877) | Bradley | none | none | C.C.D. Mass. | affirmed |
| Seitz v. Mitchell | 580 (1877) | Strong | none | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | affirmed |
| Maclay v. Sands | 586 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Sup. Ct. Terr. Mont. | reversed |
| Clapp v. Mason | 589 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.D. Mass. | affirmed |
| Connecticut M.L. Ins. Co. v. Schwenk | 593 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.E.D. Pa. | affirmed |
| The Stephen Morgan | 599 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.D. Md. | affirmed |
| Glenny v. Langdon | 604 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ohio | dismissal set aside |
| Russell v. Place | 606 (1877) | Field | none | none | C.C.N.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| New Jersey M.L. Ins. Co. v. Baker | 610 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.N.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| United States v. Joseph | 614 (1877) | Miller | none | none | Sup. Ct. Terr. N.M. | affirmed |
| Erskine v. Milwaukee & S.P. Ry. Co. | 619 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.E.D. Wis. | affirmed |
| Eames v. Home Ins. Co. | 621 (1877) | Bradley | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ill. | reversed |
| Johnson Cnty. v. Thayer | 631 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | affirmed |
| Boyd v. Alabama | 645 (1877) | Field | none | none | Ala. | affirmed |
| Lowe v. Williams | 650 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Neb. | dismissal denied |
| Crim v. Handley | 652 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ga. | affirmed |
| Dallas Cnty. v. Mackenzie | 660 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.W.D. Mo. | reversed |
| Gunn v. Plant | 664 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ga. | reversed |
| Goddard v. Ordway | 672 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | supersedeas denied |
| Casey v. Galli | 673 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | original | judgment for plaintiff |
| Scotland Cnty. v. Thomas | 682 (1877) | Bradley | none | none | C.C.E.D. Mo. | affirmed |
| Cawood Patent Cases | 695 (1877) | Strong | none | Field | C.C.N.D. Ill. | multiple |
| Pike v. Wassell | 711 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.E.D. Ark. | reversed |
| City of Memphis v. Brown | 715 (1877) | Waite | none | none | C.C.W.D. Tenn. | dismissal denied |
| Chesapeake & O.R.R. Co. v. Virginia | 718 (1877) | Strong | none | none | Va. | affirmed |
| Blake v. Robertson | 728 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.E.D.N.Y. | affirmed |
| Jerome v. McCarter | 734 (1877) | Strong | none | none | C.C.E.D. Mich. | affirmed |
| Corcoran v. Chesapeake & O.C. Co. | 741 (1877) | Miller | none | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | affirmed |
| Tate v. Norton | 746 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.E.D. Ark. | affirmed |
| Collins v. Gilbert | 753 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | C.C.W.D. Pa. | affirmed |
| Forbes v. Gracey | 762 (1877) | Miller | none | none | C.C.D. Nev. | affirmed |
| Lippincott v. Mitchell | 767 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ala. | affirmed |
| Hogan v. Kurtz | 773 (1877) | Clifford | none | none | Sup. Ct. D.C. | affirmed |
| Cochrane v. Deener | 780 (1877) | Bradley | none | Clifford | Sup. Ct. D.C. | reversed |
| Davis v. Indiana | 792 (1877) | Miller | none | none | Ind. | affirmed |
| Melendy v. Rice | 796 (1877) | Waite | none | none | Iowa | affirmed |
| American B. Co. v. Heidelbach | 798 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.D. Kan. | reversed |
| Town of E. Lincoln v. Davenport | 801 (1877) | Hunt | none | none | C.C.S.D. Ill. | affirmed |
| Sullivan v. Portland & K.R.R. Co. | 806 (1877) | Swayne | none | none | C.C.D. Me. | affirmed |
| Bowen v. Chase | 812 (1877) | Bradley | none | none | C.C.S.D.N.Y. | reversed |