OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Senkevich

Alexander Nikolayevich Senkevich (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Сенке́вич, born 1941) is a Russian Indologist, philologist, translator from Hindi, writer, and poet. He is also known as Helena Blavatsky's biographer.

## Biography

Born in Moscow, USSR, Senkevich studied Indian literature at Institute of Oriental Languages. From 1970 he works for Gorky Institute of World Literature. He translated many works of eminent Hindi poets of 20th-century: Ashok Vajpeyi, Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, Ganga Prasad Vimal, Harivanshrai Bachchan, Raghuvir Sahay, Sachchidananda Vatsyayan, Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena. In 1990 he obtained his Doktor nauk diploma. Senkevich is author of over 100 articles, many books and brochures.
Senkevich is a member of Union of Russian Writers. His first verses have been published in 1967 in Komsomolskaya Pravda. He took part in large scientific Indological conferences (1983, 1986, 1989). He is an initiator and the head of many Transhimalaya expeditions. In 1999 he became the head of "Russia-India Society."

## Publications

* Сенкевич, Александр Николаевич (1979). Хариванш Рай Баччан [Harivanshrai Bachchan] (in Russian). Москва: Наука.
* Сенкевич, Александр Николаевич (1987). Древняя и молодая. Проблемы и образы современной индийской литературы [Ancient and young. Problems and images of the modern Indian literature] (in Russian). Москва: Знание.
* Сенкевич, Александр Николаевич (2000). Семь тайн Елены Блаватской [Seven secrets of Helena Blavatsky] (in Russian). Москва: Современник. ISBN 5270012871.
* Сенкевич, Александр Николаевич (2010). Блаватская [Blavatsky]. Жизнь замечательных людей (in Russian). Москва: Молодая гвардия. ISBN 978-5-235-03283-5.
* Сенкевич, Александр Николаевич (2012). Елена Блаватская. Между светом и тьмой [Helena Blavatsky. Between Light and Darkness]. Носители тайных знаний (in Russian). Москва: Алгоритм. ISBN 978-5-4438-0237-4. OCLC 852503157.

### Translations

* На ступеньках в солнцепёк. (1978) (in co-authorship)
* Из современной индийской поэзии. (1980) (in co-authorship)
* Сахай Рагхувир. Избранное. (1983)
* Индийская поэзия ХХ века, том 1. (1990)
* Индийская поэзия ХХ века, том 2. (1990)

### Poetry

* Случайная игра. (1994)
* Чувство бытия. (2002)
* Мерцающая тьма. (2004)
* Предвестие. (2007)
* Западание клавиш. (2010)
* Скользящие тени. (2011)
# Aníbal Pinto

Aníbal Pinto Garmendia (Latin American Spanish:; March 15, 1825 – June 9, 1884) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1876 and 1881.

## Early life

He was born in Santiago de Chile, the son of former Chilean president General Francisco Antonio Pinto and of Luisa Garmendia Aldurralde. He completed his studies at the Colegio Argentino de Santiago and the Instituto Nacional. At the age of 20, he joined the foreign service, and was posted as under-secretary to the Chilean Legation to the Holy See. He returned to Chile two years later, in 1850. Two years later, he was elected to the lower house of congress, and was reelected several times. Later, he became a Senator and, in 1861, was named Intendant of Concepción, position that he held for 10 years. There he married Delfina de la Cruz Zañartu, daughter of General José María de la Cruz Prieto and Josefa Zañartu Trujillo.
In 1871, President Errázuriz named him minister of war and navy, and, from that position, became one of the contenders for the presidential nomination. He first defeated Miguel Luis Amunátegui in the liberal primaries, and later Benjamín Vicuña in the presidential elections.

## Administration

His government started under the weight of the worst Chilean economic crisis of the 19th century. This was made worse by the floods of 1876, that laid waste to the nascent infrastructure. An earthquake on May 9, 1877, completed the destruction. At this juncture, he declared the non-convertibility of the currency, a measure that prevented a run on the banks and saved the public credit, but caused him the enmity of the opposition.
In 1878, he named Viña del Mar as a commune.
Nonetheless, the principal crisis of his administration was the outbreak of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia. He managed to successfully face the first onslaught, at the same time, achieving the all-important Argentinian neutrality. On July 23, 1881, he signed a treaty with Argentina recognising Argentine sovereignty on eastern Patagonia and Eastern Tierra del Fuego but keeping the Strait of Magellan and western Tierra del Fuego under Chilean control.
He also managed to obtain the capture of Antofagasta and Tarapacá and used these territories as new sources of revenue to finance the rest of the war.

## Later life

After his retirement from politics, a debt that he had personally guaranteed forced him to sell all his property, having to move to a very modest house near Victoria square, in Valparaíso. Though he was offered the position of senator or different embassies in Europe, he decided to make do working as a translator for the railroad companies. He died in Valparaíso in 1884.
# Eternal Flame Falls

The Eternal Flame Falls is a small waterfall located in the Shale Creek Preserve, a section of Chestnut Ridge Park in Western New York. A small grotto at the waterfall's base emits natural gas, which can be lit to produce a small flame. This flame is visible nearly year round, although it can be extinguished and must occasionally be re-lit.

## Recent developments

Once considered an "obscure" attraction in the region, media attention and improvements to the access trail have led to an increased number of visitors. The increased popularity of the falls has led to some negative impacts, such as an increase in litter, vandalism, pollution, and impacts on the surrounding terrain by tourists. In August 2023, the main trail to the Eternal Flame Falls in Orchard Park, New York re-opened after major work, including the addition of 139 box steps bypassing the trickiest part of the Eternal Flame Trail at Chestnut Ridge Park, and some 120 feet (35 m) of railing along the trail to the creek bed. This remains a challenging descent into the stream; extreme caution and proper footwear are suggested.

## Composition and source of gas

Geologists from Indiana University Bloomington and Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology studied Eternal Flame Falls in 2013 in an effort to better understand how natural gas emitted from naturally occurring hydrocarbon seeps contribute to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. They found that the 'macro seep' at Eternal Flame Falls had higher concentrations of ethane and propane (about 35%) than other known natural gas seeps, which typically contain a greater proportion of methane. They estimated that the seep at the falls emits approximately one kilogram (2.2 lb) of methane per day.
The researchers also noted the presence of numerous other 'micro seeps' in the area of the falls. By comparing the gas emitted by these seeps with gas from wells in the area, they determined that the gasses originate from Rhinestreet Shale approximately 400 meters (1,300 ft) below the surface. Tectonic activity likely opened faults in the shale, allowing the gas to reach the surface.
According to one geologist involved in the 2013 study, the seep's apparent source could provide evidence for a previously unknown geologic mechanism by which natural gas is produced within shale. Typically, shale must be hot (around 100 °C [212 °F]) for its carbon structures to break down and form smaller natural gas molecules. However, the shale from which Eternal Flame Falls draws its gas is much cooler, in addition to being younger and shallower than typical gas-bearing shale. This may indicate that additional, as yet un-demonstrated, processes can contribute to the creation of natural gas in shale; one possibility is that a catalyst capable of breaking down shale in cooler conditions is present.
# Trent Lott International Airport

Trent Lott International Airport (IATA: PGL, ICAO: KPQL, FAA LID: PQL) is a county-owned public-use airport located in Moss Point, approximately six miles (9.7 km) north of the central business district of Pascagoula, a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. The airport is named for Trent Lott, a former United States Senator from Mississippi.
Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Trent Lott International Airport is assigned PQL by the FAA and PGL by the IATA. PGL was formerly assigned to Jackson County Airport in Pascagoula which closed sometime between 1982 and 1989.
DayJet provided an on-demand jet air taxi service from this airport to Jacksonville, Lakeland, Tallahassee, Pensacola, Gainesville, Boca Raton, Opa-Locka/Miami Dade County, Naples, Sarasota/Bradenton, Savannah, Macon, and Montgomery. This service ended in September 2008.

## Facilities and aircraft

Trent Lott International Airport covers an area of 906 acres (367 ha) and has one runway designated 17/35 with an asphalt pavement measuring 6,501 ft × 150 ft (1,982 m × 46 m).
For the 12-month period ending May 26, 2023, the airport had 32,787 aircraft operations, an average of 90 per day: 86% general aviation, 10% air taxi and 4% military. At that time there were 32 aircraft based at this airport: 24 single-engine, 4 multi-engine, 2 jet and 2 helicopter.
# Corazón Partido

Corazón Partido (Broken Heart), is an American Spanish-language telenovela that aired on Telemundo and Argos Comunicacion. This limited-run series ran for 90 episodes from November 1, 2005, to June 16, 2006. This telenovela was aired in 17 countries around the world.

## Story

"Corazón Partido" tells the story of a young woman that returns to her country in search of the son that was tragically taken from her arms at birth. Out of the 25 million people that inhabit the city, she will meet a married man and fall desperately in love with him, without knowing that he is the adoptive father of her lost child.

## Cast

* Danna García - Aura Echarri Medina
* José Ángel Llamas - Adrian Rincon / Santiago Rincon
* Saby Kamalich - Virginia Graham
* Carlos Torres Torrija - César Echarri #1
* Julio Bracho Castillo - César Echarri #2
* Ximena Rubio - Nelly Zambrano
* Anna Ciocchetti - Fernanda Medina
* Khotan Fernández - Sergio Garza
* Alejandro Cava - Ramón Cadena 'El Tanque'
* Alejandra Lazcano - Claudia
* Angeles Marin - Ernestina de Zambrano
* Carlos de la Mota - German Garza
* Enrique Singer - Rogelio Garza
* Evangelina Martinez - Consuelo 'Chelo' Delgado
* Giovan Ramos - Nelson Córdoba
* Gizeth Galatea - Rocio
* Juan Carlos Barreto - Erasmo
* Juan Luis Orendain - Gregorio Medina Arce
* Karina Mora - Alejandra Garza
* Luis Gerardo Mendez - Ignacio 'Nacho' Echarri
* Paco Mauri - Amador Zambrano
* Patricia Marrero - Filomena Bolado
* Sergio Adriano Ortiz Garda - Esteban Rincon Zambrano
* Alejandro Felipe - Piquin
* Toni Helling - Betina
* Eréndira Dávalos - Rosa
* Mario Loría - Hilberto
# Azerbaijani Sign Language

Azerbaijani Sign Language (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan işarət dili, AİD) is the sign language used by the deaf community in Azerbaijan. As with other sign languages, AİD has a unique grammar that differs from the oral languages used in the region. There are approximately 31,000 deaf people in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani Sign Language is not recognized as an official language by Azerbaijan, nor does not have any language codes.
Azerbaijani Sign Language is based on Russian Sign Language.

## History

There are two Republican Special Boarding Schools in Azerbaijan that only serve members of the Azerbaijani deaf community. Although their sign language is not officially recognized, Azerbaijan's deaf community is a member of the World Deaf Federation (WDF). In international conferences and meetings, Russian Sign Language is used instead of Azerbaijani Sign Language.
# Nicol

Nicol is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Nicol Allan (1931–2019), American artist
* Nicol Anderson (1882–1953), British Anglican priest
* Nicol Hugh Baird (1796–1849), Scottish surveyor
* Nicol Burne (fl. 1574–1598), Scottish Roman Catholic controversialist
* Nicol Camacho (born 1999), Colombian footballer
* Nicol Čupková (born 1992), Slovak ice hockey player
* Nicol Dalgleish, 16th-century minister of the Church of Scotland
* Nicol Alexander Dalzell (1817–1877), Scottish botanist
* Nicol David (born 1983), Malaysian squash player
* Nicol Delago (born 1996), Italian alpine skier
* Nicol Galanderian (1881–1944), Armenian composer
* Nicol Gastaldi (born 1990), Argentinian alpine skier
* Nicol Mac Flainn (fl. 1283), archbishop-elect of Tuam, Ireland
* Nicol McColl (1812–1878), Canadian farmer and political figure
* Nicol Mostert (born 1985), South African rugby union player
* Nicol Muschat (1695–1721), Scottish physician
* Nicol Nicolson, Scottish broadcast journalist
* Nicol Paone, American comedian, director, water, and actress
* Nicol Perez (born 1993), American youth politician
* Nicol Pitro (born 1975), German badminton player
* Nicol Ó Duibhghiolla (fl. 1574–1598), Bishop of Kilmacduagh
* Nicol Ó Leaáin (fl. 1358–1393), Bishop of Kilmacduagh
* Nicol Raidman (born 11 June 1986), Israeli businesswoman
* Nicol Ruprecht (born 1992), Austrian rhythmic gymnast
* Nicol Sanhueza (born 1992), Chilean footballer
* Nicol Smith (1873–1905), Scottish footballer
* Nicol Smith (writer), American writer
* Nicol Sponberg (born 1970), American Christian music singer
* Nicol Stenhouse (1806–1873), Scottish-Australian lawyer and writer
* Nicol Stephen (born 1960), Scottish politician
* Nicol Uddert (c. 1550 – c. 1610), Scottish merchant
* Nicol Williamson (1936–2011), Scottish actor

## Surname

* Nicol (surname), list of people with the surname
# The Trolley Problem

The Trolley Problem may refer to
* The trolley problem, a thought experiment
* The Trolley Problem (The Good Place), an episode of the TV series
* The Trolley Problem (Inside No. 9), an episode of the TV anthology
# Mamlakat Nakhangova

Mamlakat Akberdyevna Nakhangova (Tajik: Мамлакат Оқбердиевна Наҳангова, Russian: Мамлака́т Акбердыевна Наха́нгова; 1924 — 2003) was a Soviet cotton picker, member of the Stakhanovite movement, the youngest recipient of the Order of Lenin (1935).
During World War II she participated in a peace conference in London.
Nakhangova was a Soviet philologist, a candidate of philological sciences; and Associate Professor of the Tajik State Pedagogical University. In 1970-1977 she was the head of the department of foreign languages of the medical institute in Dushanbe.
She was the heroine Mirzo Tursunzoda's poem The Sun of the Country.
She was married and had two children, a daughter named Roxana and a son named Alisher.
# Tribune-Star

The Tribune-Star is a seven-day morning daily newspaper based in Terre Haute, Indiana, covering the Wabash Valley area of Indiana and Illinois. It is owned by Community Newspaper Holdings. Counties within the newspaper's coverage areas include Clay, Greene, Parke, Sullivan, Vermillion and Vigo counties, Indiana, and Clark, Crawford and Edgar counties, Illinois. It was preceded by The Tribune.

## History

The Tribune was founded in December 1894, with Republican George B. Lockwood among its co-founders. James Solomon Barcus bought the paper in 1902. In 1904, Barcus also bought the Terre Haute Gazette (which dated to around 1869) and merged it into the Tribune. (The combined paper was known, at least briefly, as the Tribune-Gazette.)
The Star was founded in August 1903 and was bought by the owners of the Tribune in 1931. (The Terre Haute Post, founded in 1906, was acquired by the Star in 1929.)
A 230-day strike shut down both the Tribune and Star in 1964-65.
The Tribune and Star were sold to Ingersoll Publications in late 1982. Prior to the sale, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology owned a controlling interest in the papers. In May 1983, the morning Star and afternoon Tribune were merged to become the morning-published Tribune-Star, part of the nationwide trend of the period away from afternoon papers.
In 1990, Ingersoll sold a number of papers including the Tribune-Star to Thomson Corporation. In 2000, Community purchased the Tribune-Star and 16 other papers from Thomson, as a part of Thompson's exit from the U.S. newspaper business.
On Sept. 2, 2023, the paper announced it would switch to delivery via the U.S. Postal Service starting Oct. 3. At that time, 40% of subscribers already received the paper via mail.
# Salem Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas

Salem Township is a township in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. Covering a portion of Haysville, Salem Township blends historical significance with modern suburban living. It has a total area of 32.27 square miles, with 31.97 square miles of land and 0.3 square mile of water, situated at an elevation of 1,240 feet. As of the 2000 United States Census, it had a population of 8,411, with a density of 263.1 people per square mile.

## History

The history of Salem Township can be traced through historical maps dating back to the 1860s and 1880s. These maps highlight the development of the area over time, showing features such as the Arkansas River, Cowskin Creek, and the positioning of neighboring towns such as Derby and Haysville.

### Modern living

Today, Salem Township is a suburb of Wichita and known for its rural atmosphere. Most residents own their homes, fostering a strong community sense. The area is predominantly inhabited by families.

## Attractions and activities

Salem Township is known for its community activities and outdoor attractions. It hosts events such as the Wichita Open golf tournament and the ICT Roller Derby. The area offers outdoor activities like hiking in Cheney State Park and golfing at McGee Park. Local businesses and attractions include Haysville VFW, Central States Metal Artisans, Red's Cafe, Twisted Scissors, Orchard Acres, Haysville Historic Park and Haysville Dog Park.
# Wusong

Wusong, formerly romanized as Woosung, is a subdistrict of Baoshan in northern Shanghai. Prior to the city's expansion, it was a separate port town located 14 miles (23 km) down the Huangpu River from Shanghai's urban core.

## Name

Wusong is named for the Wusong River, a former name for Shanghai's Suzhou Creek. Suzhou Creek is now a tributary to the Huangpu River, emptying into it in Puxi across from Lujiazui and just north of the Bund. The Huangpu had previously been a tributary to the Wusong, but the two reversed their importance when a flood caused it to gain a number of the Wusong's former tributaries. The location where the Huangpu and Wusong meet was generally known as Wusongkou ("mouth of the Wusong"). As a result of an American railroader visiting the area in his sea captain days, it would also become the namesake for an unincorporated community in southwestern Ogle County, Illinois, northwest of Dixon.

## History

Wusong housed a Qing fortress protecting the entrance to Shanghai. It was captured by the British during the Battle of Woosung on 16 June 1842, amid the First Opium War. During the steamship era, it was the point of departure for large steamers bound for Shanghai. This position caused it to be the site of China's first telegraph wires and first railroad, both running to Shanghai along what is today the route of the Shanghai Metro's elevated Line 3. By 1900, it boasted a lighthouse and a "skeleton" teahouse, as well as a small squadron of war-junks (ty-mung) of the Imperial Chinese Navy. Tongji University was founded here in 1909.
The Battle of Shanghai represented the outbreak of World War II in Asia, and Wusongkou was the scene of an all-out land, sea and air battle, as Imperial Japanese Marines landed here on 23 August 1937, and were attacked by Chinese Air Force Hawk III fighter-attack planes escorted by P-26/281 Peashooters; the intense dogfight between the Chinese fighters and IJN fighters from aircraft carriers Hōshō and Ryūjō resulted in several Chinese fighters shot down, while the Japanese lost two A4N fighters, each claimed by Capt. Liu Cuigang and Lt. John Huang, although Capt. Liu's victim managed to nurse his crippled A4N back to Ryūjō. Wusong was later the site of an internment camp for marines captured on Wake Island after the attack on Pearl Harbor over four years later.
Wusong became a district of Shanghai, before it was abolished in 1988 and incorporated into Baoshan District.

## Landmarks

The Wusung Radio Tower is a 321-metre-tall guyed mast situated at Wusong near Shanghai. The Wusung Radio Mast was built in the 1930s and was at the time of inauguration the world's second-tallest architectural structure after the Empire State Building.
# Fəridə Vəzirova

Fəridə Vəzirova (15 February 1924 – 1986) was a World War II veteran and professor of philology in Azerbaijan.

## Life

Vəzirova was born in 1924 at Sardarli village in the Garyagin district. She entered the Philology Faculty of the Azerbaijan State University in 1940. She volunteered in 1942 at the invitation of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Komsomol). She served as an ordinary soldier working with communications and she received several medals.
Vəzirova graduated with honours after leaving the army in October 1945 funded by Stalin's scholarship. In 1948, she began working as a writer for The Teacher, a literary worker newspaper.
She led the critics section of the magazine Azerbaijan. In 1952–53, she was a senior lecturer. In 1972, she published Mamed Said Ordubadi. In 1980, she became a Professor of the History of Azerbaijani Literature.
She was awarded eight medals for her work in the front line of both labor and war.
Vəzirova died in Baku in 1986. In 2014, a ceremony took place on the 90th anniversary of her birth involving university professors, politicians and her daughter at the Writers Union of Azerbaijan.