OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Landtag of Baden-Württemberg

The Landtag of Baden-Württemberg is the diet of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It convenes in Stuttgart and currently consists of 154 members of five political parties. The majority before the 2021 election was a coalition of the Alliance 90/The Greens and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), supporting the cabinet of Green Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann.

## Current Composition

After the elections of 14 March 2021, the composition of the Landtag is as follows:
| Party | Seats |
| Alliance 90/The Greens | 58 |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 42 |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 19 |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP/DVP) | 18 |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 17 |
Elections are conducted using a mixed-member proportional representation system, with a minimum of 5% vote share to receive any seats. However, there are some exceptions, making the Baden-Württemberg election system one of the most complicated in Germany.
The minimum size of the Landtag is 120 members, of which 70 members are elected in single-member constituencies with first-past-the-post voting, and 50 are elected by proportional representation. Overhang and levelling seats may be added.
The main difference in their electoral system compared to the federal Bundestag is that there are no list members, making all members local. Proportionality is maintained by parties awarding remaining seats to candidates within a party who didn't win a geographic district (a Zweitmandat, or "second mandate") ordered by most to least popular (e.g. a candidate losing with 47% of the vote would be placed ahead of a candidate losing with 20% of votes in their district).
This does mean that a candidate who placed second within their district isn't guaranteed a seat, if other losers in their party were more popular and if their party only needs a small number of seats to maintain proportionality.

## Historical Composition

* 1st Landtag, following 1952 election
* 2nd Landtag, following 1958 election.
* 3rd Landtag, following 1960 election
* 4th Landtag, following 1964 election
* 5th Landtag, following 1968 election
* 6th Landtag, following 1972 election
* 7th Landtag, following 1976 election
* 8th Landtag, following 1980 election
* 9th Landtag, following 1984 election
* 10th Landtag, following 1988 election
* 11th Landtag, following 1992 election
* 12th Landtag, following 1996 election
* 13th Landtag, following 2001 election
* 14th Landtag, following 2006 election
* 15th Landtag, following 2011 election
* 16th Landtag, following 2016 election
* 17th Landtag, following 2021 election

## Presidents of the Landtag

So far, the presidents of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg have been:
* 1952–1960 Carl Neinhaus, Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
* 1960–1968 Franz Gurk, CDU
* 1968–1976 Camill Wurz, CDU
* 1976–1980 Erich Ganzenmüller, CDU
* 1980–1982 Lothar Gaa, CDU
* 1982–1992 Erich Schneider, CDU
* 1992–1996 Fritz Hopmeier, CDU
* 1996–2011 Peter Straub, CDU
* 2011 Willi Stächele, CDU
* 2011–2015 Guido Wolf, CDU
* 2015-2016 Wilfried Klenk, CDU
* 2016–present Muhterem Aras, Alliance 90/The Greens
# Francis Pettit Smith

Sir Francis Pettit Smith (9 February 1808 – 12 February 1874) was an English inventor and, along with John Ericsson, one of the inventors of the screw propeller. He was also the driving force behind the construction of the world's first screw-propelled steamship, SS Archimedes.

## Early life

He was born at Hythe, Kent, where his father was the postmaster. He was educated at a private school in Ashford run by the Rev. Alexander Power, before working as a grazing Farmer on Romney Marsh, later moving to Hendon in Middlesex where he continued to farm for 37 years.

## Career

As a boy he had acquired great skill in the construction of model boats and took special interest in their means of propulsion. This fascination with boats remained with him and in 1834 on a reservoir near his farm, he perfected the propulsion of a model boat by means of a wooden screw driven by a spring. He became utterly convinced that this form of propulsion was greatly superior to the paddle wheel which was in use at the time. The following year he built a superior model with which he performed a number of experiments at Hendon and in 1836 took out a patent for propelling vessels by means of a screw revolving beneath the water at the stern.
After securing the financial backing of several parties, he helped organise the Propeller Steamship Company which in 1839 built the world's first successful screw-propelled steamship, SS Archimedes. A short time later, he was instrumental in persuading Isambard Kingdom Brunel to change the design of the SS Great Britain from paddle to screw propulsion, by lending Brunel the Archimedes for several months. He also helped persuade the British Admiralty to adopt screw propulsion.
Smith travelled on the SS Great Britain in May 1852, between Liverpool and New York.

## Later life

Between 1864 and 1870 he resided in an elegant Victorian house at 17 Sydenham Hill SE26, near Crystal Palace Park, a fact noted on a Blue Plaque.
In 1860 the government appointed him to the post of curator of the Patent Museum at South Kensington. In 1871 a knighthood was conferred upon him.
Smith died at 15 Thurloe Place, South Kensington in February 1874, and is buried in St Leonards Cemetery, Hythe, Kent.

## Personal life

Smith married twice and had children by each marriage.

## Legacy

Smith negotiated with the Governors of Dulwich College for the lease of a plot of land on Sydenham Hill where he built his house named Centra House in 1864. The house was designed by Charles Barry, Jr. (the eldest son of Sir Charles Barry). The house still stands today. In the grounds Smith had planted a considerable shrubbery and had use of woodlands down to College Road. A later resident added a Pulhamite fountain and small grotto to the rear of the residence and renamed the house Dilkoosh. It was later renamed to its present title – Fountain House.
# High Q

High Q is the name of various local television student quiz shows broadcast throughout the United States. While the formats vary, all featured two or three teams representing high schools from the station's coverage area, which would compete against each other by answering questions over subjects taught in school. Similar shows have been produced by many local stations under other names.

## Known programs

* KD QUIZ, broadcast by KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
* A long-running version by WAVE-TV in Louisville, Kentucky. Its format was licensed by and nearly identical to the NBC show GE College Bowl. This show is no longer produced; its sponsor, Ashland Oil, now sponsors Kentucky's Governors Cup academic competition. A similar game called High School Bowl has since replaced High Q.
* A long-running version was produced in the 1980s and early 1990s by WOWK in Huntington, West Virginia. This version was hosted by local radio personality Ernie G. Anderson. A revamped version, called "The All New High Q", began in 2009. The revamped version is a slightly different format from the original but is still hosted by Anderson and is being produced at the Ohio University Southern Campus in Ironton, Ohio. This version airs on both CW-affiliate WQCW-TV on Saturday afternoons and OUSC's Public-access television cable TV channel.
* High-Q was Produced for a number of years by WCVB-TV 5 in Boston, Massachusetts. Sports Anchor Mike Lynch was the host of this version. In its last season, the championship was won by Wahconah Regional High School in western Massachusetts, far from the station's advertising base.
* A version produced by WHIO-TV in Dayton, Ohio. This version features a unique format, not seen in any other show.
* A version from WSB-TV in Atlanta, Georgia. Its format appears to be similar, though not identical to the WHIO version. Meteorologist Katie Walls is the host of the WSB version. Both WHIO and WSB are both owned by the Cox Media Group.
* A version from KCOS in El Paso, Texas had been hosted by Sara Lindstrom for the past 5 years. It is now hosted by Dr. Richard Pineda of the University of Texas at El Paso. The show is in its 35th season on air in El Paso starting in October 2018. Show airs weekly on Thursdays at 8:00 p.m. with a repeat on Saturdays at 11:30 a.m.
* A version from WIBW-TV in Topeka, Kansas, cosponsored with Washburn University was broadcast from 1985 to 2005. In 2005 the format changed and program was renamed Quest and is now broadcast on KTWU-TV.
* A long-running version by KGW-TV in Portland, Oregon was broadcast in the 1960s and 1970s.
# Edward Eastwick

Edward Backhouse Eastwick CB (1814 – 16 July 1883, Ventnor, Isle of Wight) was an English orientalist, diplomat and Conservative member of parliament. He wrote and edited a number of books on South Asian countries. These included a Sindhi vocabulary and a grammar of the Hindustani language.

## Life and works

Born a member of an Anglo-Indian family, he was educated at Charterhouse and at Merton College, Oxford. A brother was Captain William Joseph Eastwick. He joined the Bombay infantry in 1836, but, owing to his talent for languages, was soon given a political post. In 1843 he translated the Persian Kessahi Sanjan, or History of the Arrival of the Parsees in India; and he wrote a Life of Zoroaster, a Sindhi vocabulary, and various papers in the transactions of the Bombay Asiatic Society. Compelled by ill-health to return to Europe, he went to Frankfurt, where he learned German and translated Schiller's Revolt of the Netherlands and Bopp's Comparative Grammar.
In 1845 he was appointed professor of Hindustani at Haileybury College. Two years later he published a Hindustani grammar, and in subsequent years a new edition of Saadi's Gulistán, with a translation in prose and verse, also an edition with vocabulary of the Hindi translation of Chatur Chuj Misr's Prem Sagar, and translations of the Bagh-o-Bahar, and of the Anwar-i Suhaili of Bidpai. In 1851 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
In 1857–1858 he edited The Autobiography of Latfullah, A Mohamedan Gentleman. He also edited for the Bible Society the Book of Genesis in the Dakhani language. From 4 May 1860 to 1863 he was in Persia as secretary to the British Legation, publishing on his return The Journal of a Diplomate's Three Years' Residence in Persia. In 1866 he became private secretary to the secretary of state for India, Lord Cranborne (afterwards marquess of Salisbury), and in 1867 went, as in 1864, on a government mission to Venezuela. He had meanwhile resigned his commission as a major in the London Rifle Volunteer Brigade in June 1861.
On his return Eastwick wrote, at the request of Charles Dickens, for All the Year Round, "Sketches of Life in a South American Republic". From 1868 to 1874 he was member of parliament (MP) for Penryn and Falmouth. In 1875, he received the degree of MA with the franchise from the University of Oxford, "as a slight recognition of distinguished services". At various times he wrote several of Murray's Indian handbooks. His last work was the Kaisarnamah-i-Hind ("The Lay of the Empress"), in two volumes (1878–1882).
Eastwick died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, on 16 July 1883, and was survived by his wife, Rosina Jane, daughter of James Hunter of Hapton House, Argyll, whom he had married in 1847 and by whom he had at least two children, Robert William Egerton Eastwick and Beatrice Heron-Maxwell.
# Parental dividend

The parental dividend is a policy proposal first suggested by economist Shirley P. Burggraf during a Bunting Fellowship at Radcliffe College. It proposes replacing the current generalized labor market funding apparatus of the US Social Security system with one that preferentially rewards parental labor and investment. While the current US Social Security system collects payroll taxes from working adults and redistributes them to retirees in amounts based on pre-retirement earnings, the parental dividend is a retirement benefit calculated according to the income of one's own adult children.

## Background

Shirley P. Burggraf's parental dividend is described in The Feminine Economy and Economic Man: Reviving the Role of the Family in the Post-Industrial Age (1997). The proposal has been described as an atypical feminist approach to solving crises of the American family unit by relying on market forces. According to sociologist David Popenoe on the topic of the parental dividend, “We should launch a society wide discussion of what would be the most far-reaching family policy of all: restructuring the national Social Security system.”

## Theory

Parental dividend theory is based on the idea that the future productivity of children can be helped or harmed by Social Security payments made in real-time by families to retirees. Financial knock-on effects of the parental dividend depend on a link between the long term successes of children and the amount of time parents spend rearing them. The greater the parental investment in terms of time and money, the greater a child's income is likely to be in adulthood. By changing the financial system supporting Social Security to preferentially assist parents in retirement, the work and costs of parenting become valuable and children raised in this environment would have a greater potential to earn more as adults, therefore resulting in greater retirement benefits for their parents.
According to economists Burggraf and Grossbard-Shechtman, Social Security with a parental dividend would remove the burden of paying for retirement twice, first in payroll taxes for one's own retirement through the US Social Security System, and simultaneously paying for the retirement of one's parents receiving low Social Security benefits thanks to their own opportunity costs of childcare. The concept links expenses associated with raising children, especially the opportunity costs of lost wages, to workers' time outside the work force resulting in reduced Social Security benefits. In this way, the parental dividend seeks to address a potential financial problem in the current US Social Security system, namely that the largest Social Security payments currently go to retirees who spent the least amount of time raising children.
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Rains County, Texas

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Rains County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Rains County, Texas. There are four properties listed on the National Register in the county including one site that is both a State Antiquities Landmark and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 28, 2025.

## Current listings

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The publicly disclosed locations of National Register properties may be seen in a mapping service provided.
| | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| 1 | Gilbert Site | Gilbert Site | April 13, 1977 (#77001469) | Address restricted | Emory | |
| 2 | Koons Site | Koons Site | April 13, 1977 (#77001470) | Address restricted | Emory | |
| 3 | Rains County Courthouse | Rains County Courthouse More images | May 1, 2003 (#03000333) | 100 E Quitman St. 32°52′28″N 95°45′53″W﻿ / ﻿32.874444°N 95.764722°W﻿ / 32.874444; -95.764722﻿ (Rains County Courthouse) | Emory | State Antiquities Landmark, Recorded Texas Historic Landmark |
| 4 | Yandell Site | Yandell Site | April 13, 1977 (#77001471) | Address restricted | Emory | |
# High School Reunion (TV series)

High School Reunion is a reality television series chronicling real-life high school reunions. Premiering on The WB on January 5, 2003 and airing for two seasons between 2003 and 2005, the series featured reunions of classes after ten years. Filmed in Maui, the series featured documentary-style interviews with the classmates, who are assigned "labels" to describe their high school roles.
A revived version of the series began airing on TV Land on March 5, 2008, focusing on the 20-year reunion of the 1987 graduating class of J. J. Pearce High School in Richardson, Texas. The series returned to TV Land in February 2009 with members of the Class of 1988 of Chandler High School in Chandler, Arizona reuniting and the promise that one of them would reveal a major secret. Once again class members had labels such as "The Class Clown", "The Cowboy", etc. The series returned with its third season premiering on January 13, 2010. It follows the members of the Class of 1989 of Chaparral High School in Las Vegas, Nevada.

## Series overview
### 1987 classmates

Lana and Mike were married after high school, but they later divorced. After the break-up, Lana had an affair with one of Mike's friends, Steve. Lana said in the first episode she came to the reunion to make peace with Mike. Meanwhile, DeAnna and Justin, Sean and Kirstin, and others, develop feelings for each other.
* DeAnna, the popular girl
* Justin, the pipsqueak
* Kat, the lesbian
* Sean, the millionaire
* Cheryl, the outsider
* Jason, the bully
* Yvette, the girl next door
* Matt, the jock
* Heather, the heart-breaker
* Steve, the backstabber
* Kirstin, the spoiled girl
* Glenn, the geek
* Lana, the drama queen
* Mike, the rebel
* Rob, the stud

### 1988 classmates

* Andrew, The Band Geek
* Chad Ramirez, The Cowboy
* Dennis, The Troublemaker
* Heather, The Preacher's Daughter
* Jenny LaFlesch, The Cheerleader
* Jessica Frantz Garvin, The Ugly Duckling
* Kara Hoffman Breeze, The Homecoming Queen
* Liz, The Wannabe
* Lynette, The Snob
* Manny, The Player
* Maricela Vallecillo, The Outcast
* Octavia, The Flirt
* Renee, The Goody Goody
* Scott Horne, The Loner
* Scott Schutkowski, The Class Clown
* Scott White, The Skate Punk
* Shalonda Warren Clark, The Pregnant Girl
* Tom Breeze, The Jock
* Tyrone, The All-Star

### 1989 classmates

* Antanus Pullum, The Ladies' Man
* Cyndi Ellis-Stueben, The Nerd
* Elena Machin, The Popular Girl (Summer Girl)
* Eric (Raven) Lowell, The Gay Guy
* Jodi McMillin Jorjorian, The Cheerleader
* Joe Basso, The Football Star
* John Mikolainis, The Troublemaker
* Justin Taggart, The Delinquent (Valley High)
* Lissette Jefferies-Waugh, The Hot Girl (Summer Girl)
* Lori Da Silva, The Party Girl
* Marcel Chevalier, The Prankster (Valley High)
* Mark Kasel, The Secret Admirer
* Rachelle Ramirez-Smith, The Late Bloomer
* Tracy Barkhuff, The Teacher's Pet
* Tracey Ealy, The Jock
* Treda Edwards Ealy, The Class Sweetheart
# Tactical formation

In military-style operations, a tactical formation (or tactical order) is the arrangement or deployment of movable military or policing forces such as infantry, cavalry, AFVs, military aircraft, or naval vessels.

## History

Formations occur in tribal societies, such as the pua rere of the Māori. Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman armies developed effective disciplined infantry formations. Ancient or medieval formations include shield walls (skjaldborg in Old Norse), phalanxes (lines of battle in close order), testudo formations, and skirmish lines. A renewed emphasis on military formations came with the mass use of firearms in the European Military Revolution of the Early modern period.

## List of tactical formations

Tactical formations include:
* Forlorn hope
* Formation flying
* Baguazhen
* Box
* Coil: Similar to the Herringbone formation, the coil formation allows for 360 degree security while at the halt. This type of formation is also used when refueling aircraft as well as during resupply. Sometimes platoon leaders also use it when briefing to platoon sergeants. Air guards and dismounted fire teams are also in position while this formation is being used.
* Column
* Echelon
* Herringbone
* Line
* Skirmish
* Square
* Stack
* Staggered column
* V formation
* Vanguard
* Wedge and inverted wedge
** Svinfylking
* File: The file formation is used in elements of up to a platoon size. A file formation is used for close terrain, often in dense vegetation or when there is low visibility. The file formation is easiest to control, and provides fire to the ranks should an ambush from the side occur.
* Diamond: Similar to the Wedge and inverted wedge, the diamond formation allows for the fourth section to follow the lead element. The advantages to this formation include having the ability to control elements even in a tight terrain, and allows for quick maneuverability to assign squads as the assaulting element, and assign certain squads to support-by-fire.
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Edgar County, Illinois

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Edgar County, Illinois.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Edgar County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 9 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 28, 2025.
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)

## Current listings

| | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town |
| 1 | Edgar County Courthouse | Edgar County Courthouse More images | June 4, 1981 (#81000221) | Main St. 39°36′42″N 87°41′44″W﻿ / ﻿39.611667°N 87.695556°W﻿ / 39.611667; -87.695556﻿ (Edgar County Courthouse) | Paris |
| 2 | France Hotel | France Hotel | August 3, 1987 (#87001305) | 118 E. Court St. 39°36′39″N 87°41′39″W﻿ / ﻿39.610833°N 87.694167°W﻿ / 39.610833; -87.694167﻿ (France Hotel) | Paris |
| 3 | Asher Morton Farmstead | Asher Morton Farmstead | February 29, 1996 (#96000096) | Lower Terre Haute Rd., 4.5 miles south of Paris 39°32′22″N 87°38′39″W﻿ / ﻿39.539429°N 87.644089°W﻿ / 39.539429; -87.644089﻿ (Asher Morton Farmstead) | Paris |
| 4 | Henry Clay Moss House | Henry Clay Moss House | April 16, 2008 (#08000295) | 414 N. Main St. 39°36′58″N 87°41′41″W﻿ / ﻿39.616111°N 87.694722°W﻿ / 39.616111; -87.694722﻿ (Henry Clay Moss House) | Paris |
| 5 | Paris Carnegie Public Library | Paris Carnegie Public Library More images | May 9, 2002 (#02000464) | 207 S. Main St. 39°36′34″N 87°41′43″W﻿ / ﻿39.609444°N 87.695278°W﻿ / 39.609444; -87.695278﻿ (Paris Carnegie Public Library) | Paris |
| 6 | Paris Elks Lodge No. 812 Building | Paris Elks Lodge No. 812 Building | August 6, 1987 (#87001343) | 111 E. Washington St. 39°36′38″N 87°41′39″W﻿ / ﻿39.610556°N 87.694167°W﻿ / 39.610556; -87.694167﻿ (Paris Elks Lodge No. 812 Building) | Paris |
| 7 | Paris High School and Gymnasium | Paris High School and Gymnasium | April 16, 2019 (#100003647) | 309 S. Main St. 39°36′32″N 87°41′42″W﻿ / ﻿39.6090°N 87.6949°W﻿ / 39.6090; -87.6949﻿ (Paris High School and Gymnasium) | Paris |
| 8 | Pine Grove Community Club | Pine Grove Community Club | March 30, 1984 (#84001071) | Junction of 1500N and 1300E north-northwest of Paris 39°41′24″N 87°43′25″W﻿ / ﻿39.690000°N 87.723611°W﻿ / 39.690000; -87.723611﻿ (Pine Grove Community Club) | Paris |
| 9 | Shaw-Van Gilder House | Shaw-Van Gilder House | March 5, 2007 (#07000116) | 306 E. Crawford St. 39°36′27″N 87°41′30″W﻿ / ﻿39.607500°N 87.691667°W﻿ / 39.607500; -87.691667﻿ (Shaw-Van Gilder House) | Paris |