# List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations

The following is a list of adjectival and demonymic forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents. A country adjective describes something as being from that country, for example, "Italian cuisine" is "cuisine of Italy". A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there; for example, "Germans" are people of or from Germany.
Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final s or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. Irishman, Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / -ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding e (-oise / -aise) makes them singular feminine; es (-oises / -aises) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish and Portuguese termination -o usually denotes the masculine, and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the -o and adding -a. The plural forms are usually -os and -as respectively.
Adjectives ending in -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. "the English", "the Cornish"). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. "the French", "the Dutch") provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify).
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms are also used for various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cuisines, cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)
In cases where two or more adjectival forms are given, there is often a subtle difference in usage between the two. This is particularly the case with Central Asian countries, where one form tends to relate to the nation and the other tends to relate to the predominant ethnic group (e.g. Uzbek is primarily an ethnicity, Uzbekistani relates to citizens of Uzbekistan).

## List

| Country/entity name | Adjectivals | Demonyms |
| Abkhazia | AbkhazAbkhazian | Abkhazians |
| Afghanistan | Afghan | Afghans |
| Åland | Åland Island | Ålanders |
| Albania | Albanian | Albanians |
| Algeria | Algerian | Algerians |
| American Samoa | American Samoan | American Samoans |
| Andorra | Andorran | Andorrans |
| Angola | Angolan | Angolans |
| Anguilla | Anguillan | Anguillans |
| Antarctica | Antarctic | Antarctic residents, Antarcticans |
| Antigua and Barbuda | AntiguanBarbudan | AntiguansBarbudans |
| Argentina | ArgentineArgentinian | ArgentinesArgentinians |
| Armenia | Armenian | Armenians |
| Aruba | Aruban | Arubans |
| Australia | Australian | Australians |
| Austria | Austrian | Austrians |
| Azerbaijan | AzerbaijaniAzeri | AzerbaijanisAzeris |
| The Bahamas | Bahamian | Bahamians |
| Bahrain | Bahraini | Bahrainis |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | Bangladeshis |
| Barbados | Barbadian | Barbadians |
| Belarus | Belarusian | Belarusians |
| Belgium | Belgian | Belgians |
| Belize | Belizean | Belizeans |
| Benin | BenineseBeninois | BenineseBeninois |
| Bermuda | BermudianBermudan | BermudiansBermudans |
| Bhutan | Bhutanese | Bhutanese |
| Bolivia | Bolivian | Bolivians |
| Bonaire | BonaireBonairean | Bonaire Dutch |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | BosnianHerzegovinian | BosniansHerzegovinians |
| Botswana | Botswanan | Batswana (singular Motswana) |
| Bouvet Island | Bouvet Island | Bouvet Islanders |
| Brazil | Brazilian | Brazilians |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | BIOT | British |
| Brunei | Bruneian | Bruneians |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | Bulgarians |
| Burkina Faso | Burkinabé | BurkinabèBurkinabé |
| Burundi | Burundian | BurundiansBarundi |
| Cabo Verde | Cabo Verdean | Cabo Verdeans |
| Cambodia | Cambodian | Cambodians |
| Cameroon | Cameroonian | Cameroonians |
| Canada | Canadian | Canadians |
| Cayman Islands | Caymanian | Caymanians |
| Central African Republic | Central African | Central Africans |
| Chad | Chadian | Chadians |
| Chile | Chilean | Chileans |
| China | Chinese | Chinese |
| Christmas Island | Christmas Island | Christmas Islanders |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | Cocos Island | Cocos Islanders |
| Colombia | Colombian | Colombians |
| Comoros | ComoranComorian | ComoransComorians |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Congolese | Congolese |
| Republic of the Congo | Congolese | Congolese |
| Cook Islands | Cook Island | Cook Islanders |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | Costa Ricans |
| Croatia | Croatian | CroatiansCroats |
| Cuba | Cuban | Cubans |
| Curaçao | Curaçaoan | Curaçaoans |
| Cyprus | Cypriot | Cypriots |
| Czech Republic | Czech | Czechs |
| Denmark | Danish | Danes |
| Djibouti | Djiboutian | Djiboutians |
| Dominica | Dominican | Dominicans |
| Dominican Republic | Dominican | Dominicans |
| East Timor | Timorese | Timorese |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorian | Ecuadorians |
| Egypt | Egyptian | Egyptians |
| El Salvador | Salvadoran | SalvadoransSalvadoriansSalvadoreans |
| England | English | EnglishEnglishmen and Englishwomen |
| Equatorial Guinea | Equatorial GuineanEquatoguinean | Equatorial GuineansEquatoguineans |
| Eritrea | Eritrean | Eritreans |
| Estonia | Estonian | Estonians |
| Eswatini | SwaziSwati | Swazis |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian | EthiopiansHabesha |
| European Union | European | Europeans |
| Falkland Islands | Falkland Island | Falkland Islanders |
| Faroe Islands | Faroese | Faroese |
| Fiji | Fijian | Fijians |
| Finland | Finnish | Finns |
| France | French | FrenchFrenchmen and Frenchwomen |
| French Guiana | French Guianese | French Guianese |
| French Polynesia | French Polynesian | French Polynesians |
| French Southern Territories | French Southern Territories | French |
| Gabon | Gabonese | GaboneseGabonaise |
| The Gambia | Gambian | Gambians |
| Georgia | Georgian | Georgians |
| Germany | German | Germans |
| Ghana | Ghanaian | Ghanaians |
| Gibraltar | Gibraltar | Gibraltarians |
| Greece | GreekHellenic | GreeksHellenes |
| Greenland | Greenlandic | Greenlanders |
| Grenada | Grenadian | Grenadians |
| Guadeloupe | Guadeloupe | GuadeloupiansGuadeloupeans |
| Guam | Guamanian | Guamanians |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan | Guatemalans |
| Guernsey | Guernsey | Guernseymen and Guernseywomen |
| Guinea | Guinean | Guineans |
| Guinea-Bissau | Bissau-Guinean | Bissau-Guineans |
| Guyana | Guyanese | Guyanese |
| Haiti | Haitian | Haitians |
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands | Heard IslandMcDonald Island | Heard IslandersMcDonald Islanders |
| Honduras | Honduran | Hondurans |
| Hong Kong | Hong KongCantoneseHong Konger | HongkongersHong Kongese |
| Hungary | HungarianMagyar | HungariansMagyars |
| Iceland | Icelandic | Icelanders |
| India | Indian | Indians |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | Indonesians |
| Iran | IranianPersian | IraniansPersians |
| Iraq | Iraqi | Iraqis |
| Ireland | Irish | IrishIrishmen and Irishwomen |
| Isle of Man | Manx | ManxManxmen and Manxwomen |
| Israel | IsraeliIsraelite | Israelis |
| Italy | Italian | Italians |
| Ivory Coast | Ivorian | Ivorians |
| Jamaica | Jamaican | Jamaicans |
| Jan Mayen | Jan Mayen | Jan Mayen residents |
| Japan | Japanese | Japanese |
| Jersey | Jersey | Jerseymen and JerseywomenJersianJèrriais |
| Jordan | Jordanian | Jordanians |
| Kazakhstan | KazakhstaniKazakh | KazakhstanisKazakhs |
| Kenya | Kenyan | Kenyans |
| Kiribati | Kiribati | I-Kiribati |
| North Korea | North Korean | KoreansNorth Koreans |
| South Korea | South Korean | KoreansSouth Koreans |
| Kosovo | KosovarKosovan | Kosovars, Kosovans |
| Kurdistan | Kurdish, Kurdistani | Kurds, Kurdistanis |
| Kuwait | Kuwaiti | Kuwaitis |
| Kyrgyzstan | KyrgyzstaniKyrgyzKirgizKirghiz | KyrgyzstanisKyrgyzKirgizKirghiz |
| Laos | LaoLaotian | LaosLaotians |
| Latvia | LatvianLettish | LatviansLetts |
| Lebanon | Lebanese | Lebanese |
| Lesotho | Basotho | Basotho (singular Mosotho) |
| Liberia | Liberian | Liberians |
| Libya | Libyan | Libyans |
| Liechtenstein | Liechtensteiner | Liechtensteiners |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | Lithuanians |
| Luxembourg | LuxembourgLuxembourgish | Luxembourgers |
| Macau | Macanese | Macanese |
| Madagascar | Malagasy, Madagascan | Malagasy, Madagascans |
| Malawi | Malawian | Malawians |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | Malaysians |
| Maldives | Maldivian | Maldivians |
| Mali | MalianMalinese | Malians |
| Malta | Maltese | Maltese |
| Marshall Islands | Marshallese | Marshallese |
| Martinique | MartiniquaisMartinican | MartiniquaisMartiniquaises |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian | Mauritanians |
| Mauritius | Mauritian | Mauritians |
| Mayotte | Mahoran | Mahorans |
| Mexico | Mexican | Mexicans |
| Micronesia | Micronesian | Micronesians |
| Moldova | Moldovan | Moldovans |
| Monaco | MonégasqueMonacan | MonégasquesMonacans |
| Mongolia | Mongolian | MongoliansMongols |
| Montenegro | Montenegrin | Montenegrins |
| Montserrat | Montserratian | Montserratians |
| Morocco | Moroccan | Moroccans |
| Mozambique | Mozambican | Mozambicans |
| Myanmar | MyanmaBurmese | Myanmar |
| Namibia | Namibian | Namibians |
| Nauru | Nauruan | Nauruans |
| Nepal | NepaliNepalese | NepalisNepalese |
| Netherlands | Dutch | DutchDutchmen and DutchwomenNetherlanders |
| New Caledonia | New Caledonian | New Caledonians |
| New Zealand | New Zealand | New Zealanders |
| Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | Nicaraguans |
| Niger | Nigerien | Nigeriens |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | Nigerians |
| Niue | Niuean | Niueans |
| Norfolk Island | Norfolk Island | Norfolk Islanders |
| North Macedonia | Macedonian | Macedonians |
| Northern Ireland | Northern Irish | Northern IrishNorthern Irishmen and Northern Irishwomen |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Northern Marianan | Northern Marianans |
| Norway | Norwegian | Norwegians |
| Oman | Omani | Omanis |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | Pakistanis |
| Palau | Palauan | Palauans |
| Palestine | Palestinian | Palestinians |
| Panama | Panamanian | Panamanians |
| Papua New Guinea | Papua New GuineanPapuan | Papua New GuineansPapuans |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan | Paraguayans |
| Peru | Peruvian | Peruvians |
| Philippines | FilipinoPhilippine | FilipinosFilipinas |
| Pitcairn Islands | Pitcairn Island | Pitcairn Islanders |
| Poland | Polish | Poles |
| Portugal | Portuguese | Portuguese |
| Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | Puerto Ricans |
| Qatar | Qatari | Qataris |
| Réunion | RéunioneseRéunionnais | RéunioneseRéunionnais and Réunionnaises |
| Romania | Romanian | Romanians |
| Russia | Russian | Russians |
| Rwanda | Rwandan | RwandansBanyarwanda |
| Saba | Saban | Saba Dutch |
| Saint Barthélemy | Barthélemois | BarthélemoisBarthélemoises |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | Saint Helenian | Saint Helenians |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | KittitianNevisian | KittitiansNevisians |
| Saint Lucia | Saint Lucian | Saint Lucians |
| Saint Martin | Saint-Martinoise | Saint-MartinoisSaint-Martinoises |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Saint-PierraisMiquelonnais | Saint-PierraisSaint-PierraisesMiquelonnaisMiquelonnaises |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Saint VincentianVincentian | Saint VincentiansVincentians |
| Samoa | Samoan | Samoans |
| San Marino | Sammarinese | Sammarinese |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | São Toméan | São Toméans |
| Saudi Arabia | SaudiSaudi Arabian | SaudisSaudi Arabians |
| Scotland | Scottish | ScotsScotsmen and Scotswomen |
| Senegal | Senegalese | Senegalese |
| Serbia | Serbian | SerbsSerbians |
| Seychelles | Seychellois | Seychellois/Seychelloises |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leonean | Sierra Leoneans |
| Singapore | SingaporeSingaporean | Singaporeans |
| Sint Eustatius | Sint EustatiusStatian | Statians |
| Sint Maarten | Sint Maarten | Sint Maarteners |
| Slovakia | Slovak | SlovaksSlovakians |
| Slovenia | SlovenianSlovene | SlovenesSlovenians |
| Solomon Islands | Solomon Island | Solomon Islanders |
| Somalia | Somali | Somalis |
| South Africa | South African | South Africans |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | South Georgia IslandSouth Sandwich Island | South Georgia IslandersSouth Sandwich Islanders |
| South Ossetia | South Ossetian | South Ossetians |
| South Sudan | South Sudanese | South Sudanese |
| Spain | Spanish | Spaniards |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lankan | Sri Lankans |
| Sudan | Sudanese | Sudanese |
| Suriname | Surinamese | Surinamers |
| Svalbard | Svalbard | Svalbardians, Svalbard residents |
| Sweden | Swedish | Swedes |
| Switzerland | Swiss | Swiss |
| Syria | Syrian | Syrians |
| Taiwan | TaiwaneseFormosan | TaiwaneseFormosans |
| Tajikistan | Tajikistani | TajikistanisTajiks |
| Tanzania | Tanzanian | Tanzanians |
| Thailand | Thai | Thai |
| Timor-Leste | Timorese | Timorese |
| Togo | Togolese | Togolese |
| Tokelau | Tokelauan | Tokelauans |
| Tonga | Tongan | Tongans |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TrinidadianTobagonian | TrinidadiansTobagonians |
| Tunisia | Tunisian | Tunisians |
| Turkey | Turkish | Turks |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen | Turkmens |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | Turks and Caicos Island | Turks and Caicos Islanders |
| Tuvalu | Tuvaluan | Tuvaluans |
| Uganda | Ugandan | Ugandans |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian | Ukrainians |
| United Arab Emirates | EmiratiEmirianEmiri | EmiratisEmiriansEmiri |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | BritishUnited KingdomUK | BritonsBritish people |
| United States of America | AmericanUnited StatesU.S. | Americans |
| Uruguay | Uruguayan | Uruguayans |
| Uzbekistan | UzbekistaniUzbek | UzbekistanisUzbeks |
| Vanuatu | Ni-VanuatuVanuatuan | Ni-Vanuatu |
| Vatican City | Vaticanian | Vaticanians |
| Venezuela | Venezuelan | Venezuelans |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
| British Virgin Islands | British Virgin Island | British Virgin Islanders |
| United States Virgin Islands | U.S. Virgin Island | U.S. Virgin Islanders |
| Wales | Welsh | WelshmenWelshwomen |
| Wallis and Futuna | Wallis and FutunaWallisianFutunan | Wallis and Futuna IslandersWallisiansFutunans |
| Western Sahara | SahrawiSaharawiWestern Saharan | SahrawisSaharawisWestern Saharans |
| Yemen | Yemeni | Yemenis |
| Zambia | Zambian | Zambians |
| Zanzibar | Zanzibari | Zanzibaris |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwean | Zimbabweans |