# Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam

The Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (transl. National Progressive Dravidian Federation; abbr. DMDK) is an Indian regional political party in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is a Dravidian party founded by the former leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Vijayakant (Captain) at Madurai on 14 September 2005. The party was led by its founder until 14 December 2023 from its date of founding. From 14 December 2023, the DMDK is led by Vijayakant's wife Premallatha Vijayakant as general secretary of the party. The party served as the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 27 May 2011 to 21 February 2016. The headquarters of the party is called Captain Aalayam, which is located at Jawaharlal Nehru Salai, Koyambedu, Chennai.

## Policies

* "Save Mother Tamil and Learn All Languages" is the policy statement of the Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam.
* Our aim is to strive to create a state where there are no people below the poverty line by maintaining purity, currency, and humanity in politics.
* First, stop the bribery and corruption that is stopping the progress and development of Tamil Nadu and the bitterness, dishonesty, and selfishness that have spread in politics and eradicate them in the future.
* To create a state where all our religions agree by completely eradicating those who instigate terrorism, those who support terrorism, and all terrorism from the country.
* To resolve river water issues with neighbouring states such as Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Puducherry and develop friendly relations, laying the groundwork for connecting rivers with the goal of using water wasted in the respective states to Tamil Nadu.
* In order to improve the quality of education in Tamil Nadu without changing its ancient history and culture, practical education should be in line with modern times and practices, emphasising vocational education, providing quality education to Tamil Nadu, and transforming students' futures.
* Making Tamil Nadu India's first employment-generating state.
* Establishing mechanisms for fair pricing of agricultural produce to protect the interests of farmers
* To modernise the weaving industry, protect the dying industry, and devise new schemes to protect the welfare of the weavers and strive for the development of the weaving industry.
* We strive to treat women with the same dignity and respect as men. We will make Tamil Nadu bright by taking love, virtue, and power as our ambitious motto.

## History
### Vijayakant era (2005–23)

The party was founded on 14 September 2005, as Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK) by the former leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Vijayakant, a veteran Tamil film star and popular politician. He assumed the responsibility of the founder-president of the party. Ramu Vasanthan, who was the state president of the fans' forum, took charge as the general secretary of the party. On 17 July 2009, he died of a cardiac arrest. In 2014, the party's founder-president, Vijayakant, took over the position that had previously been vacant.
In the 2006 assembly election, the party contested all 234 seats without an alliance and bagged only one seat with 8.38% of the vote, that of its founder-president Vijayakant from Vriddhachalam constituency, who served as a member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Other candidates of this party who contested in other constituencies in this election failed.
In the 2009 general election, it contested 40 seats—39 in Tamil Nadu and one in Puducherry—without an alliance and lost in all the constituencies with 0.75% of the vote.
Following widespread corruption, a price rise, a power cut, and allegations of nepotism against the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam government, in the 2011 assembly election, the party, in alliance with parties like the left and former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa's All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), swept the polls, winning 202 seats, with the DMDK winning 29 out of 40 which it contested, and got the opposition status in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by making it a second largest party in the legislative assembly next only to its ally AIADMK pushing DMK to third position and Vijayakanth recognized as the leader of the opposition in the assembly, becoming the first actor to become the leader of the opposition in a state's legislative assembly in India. The large victory also earned recognition and a permanent election symbol Nagara from the Election Commission of India. Vijayakanth stepped down as leader of the opposition on 21 February 2016, after eight DMDK party MLAs resigned.
The party's performance began to deteriorate after the 2014 general election; it fought the Lok Sabha election in an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA). Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi, and Kongunadu Makkal Desiya Katchi and Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi's Social Democratic Alliance are the other allies of the National Democratic Alliance in Tamil Nadu. In the NDA alliance, the party had the highest number of seats, which were 14 in number. Despite the big hype, the party lost all 14 seats to AIADMK candidates. But it was the first time in 52 years that the DMK alliance was pushed to third place by the number of seats, and this election gave confidence to most parties that the future of Tamil Nadu lies in a coalition government.
The DMDK decided to run alongside the People's Welfare Front (PWA) in the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, as part of the "Captain Vijayakanth Alliance," which included the Communist Party of India (Marxist), Communist Party of India, Vaiko's Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and Thol. Thirumavalavan's Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi. The DMDK performed poorly in the election, not winning even a single constituency and losing deposits in the majority of its seats. It also witnessed a vote swing of -5.49% from the 2011 assembly elections.
In the 2019 general elections, after several rounds of talks with different political parties, The move comes after the DMDK’s attempts to make an alliance with the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, which has already entered into a pre-poll alliance with the Congress and several others, failed. DMDK contested with the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in Tamil Nadu for the 17th Lok Sabha polls, along with All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi, Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar), and some unrecognized parties. Vijayakanth wants to prove his vote bank strength in this election, but the party was humiliated and lost all four that it contested out of the 39 Lok Sabha seats in the state. The Secular Progressive Alliance (SPA), a DMK-led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state, swept the election by winning 38 seats.
In the 2021 assembly election, the DMDK, which had the support of the Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam, Social Democratic Party of India, and All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen, lost 60 seats contested and saw a vote percentage swing of -1.96% compared to previous assembly elections. After the election, the DMK emerged as the ruling party, and the AIADMK emerged as the main party of the opposition in the assembly.
On 26 December 2023, Vijayakanth was admitted to MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, due to pneumonia. After a prolonged illness, he died after testing positive for COVID-19 on 28 December 2023.

### Premallatha Vijayakant era (2023–present)

On 14 December 2023, the former leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Vijayakant, announced and appointed Premallatha Vijayakant as the general secretary of the party in the presence of the party's deputy secretaries at the General Council Meeting held in Chennai. Since Vijayakant's demise, the party is being completely led by Premallatha as the general secretary of the party.
In the 2024 general election, the DMDK joined the AIADMK-led Alliance in Tamil Nadu for the 18th Lok Sabha polls, along with Puthiya Tamilagam (PT) and the Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI). The DMDK was contested in five constituencies, including Virudhunagar, which was contested by V. Vijaya Prabhakaran, the party's founder Vijayakant and the general secretary Premallatha Vijayakant's son. The party lost in all the constituencies it contested, and the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance swept the election in Tamil Nadu.

## Electoral performance
### Indian general elections

Lok Sabha Elections :
| Year | Lok Sabha | Party leader | Seats contested | Seats won | Percentage of votes | Vote swing | Popular vote | Outcome |
| 2009 | 15th | Vijayakant | 40 | 0 / 543 | 0.75% | | 3,126,117 | Lost |
| 2014 | 16th | Vijayakant | 14 | 0 / 543 | 0.38% | 0.37% | 2,078,843 | Lost |
| 2019 | 17th | Vijayakant | 4 | 0 / 543 | 0.15% | 0.23% | 929,590 | Lost |
| 2024 | 18th | Premallatha Vijayakant | 5 | 0 / 543 | 0.17% | 0.02% | 1,128,616 | Lost |

### State legislative assembly elections

Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections :
| Year | Assembly | Party leader | Seats contested | Seats won | Change in seats | Percentage of votes | Vote swing | Popular vote | Outcome |
| 2006 | 13th | Vijayakant | 234 | 1 / 234 | 1 | 8.38% | | 2,764,223 | Others |
| 2011 | 14th | Vijayakant | 41 | 29 / 234 | 28 | 7.88% | 0.50% | 2,903,828 | Opposition |
| 2016 | 15th | Vijayakant | 104 | 0 / 234 | 29 | 2.39% | 5.49% | 1,034,384 | Lost |
| 2021 | 16th | Vijayakant | 60 | 0 / 234 | | 0.43% | 1.96% | 200,157 | Lost |
Puducherry Legislative Assembly Elections :
| Year | Assembly | Party leader | Seats contested | Seats won | Percentage of votes | Vote swing | Popular vote | Outcome |
| 2006 | 12th | Vijayakant | 24 | 0 / 30 | 2.73% | | 15,405 | Lost |
| 2011 | 13th | Vijayakant | 1 | 0 / 30 | 0.85% | 1.88% | 5,966 | Lost |
| 2016 | 14th | Vijayakant | 6 | 0 / 30 | 0.11% | 0.74% | 850 | Lost |
| 2021 | 15th | Vijayakant | 26 | 0 / 30 | 0.30% | 0.19% | 2,524 | Lost |
National Capital Territory of Delhi Legislative Assembly Elections :
| Year | Assembly | Party leader | Seats contested | Seats won | Change in seats | Percentage of votes | Vote swing | Popular vote | Outcome |
| 2013 | 5th | Vijayakant | 11 | 0 / 70 | | 0.03% | | 2,285 | Lost |

## Current office bearers and prominent members

| Member | Position in government | Party position |
| Premallatha Vijayakant | | General Secretary and Treasurer |
| V. Elangovan | | Presidium Chairman |
| Alagaapuram R. Mohanraj | Former Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Salem North | Propaganda Secretary |
| L. K. Sudhish | | Deputy Secretary |
| B. Parthasarathy | Former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Virugampakkam | Deputy Secretary |
| Selva Anburaj | | Captain Manram Secretary |
| K. Nallathambi | Former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Egmore | Youth Wing Secretary |
| Malathi Vinoth | | Women's Wing Secretary |
| S. Senthilkumar | Former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Thiruverumbur | Information Technology Wing Secretary |
| M. R. Panneerselvam | | Advocates Wing Secretary |
| A. M. Shanmuga Sundaram | | Students' Wing Secretary |
| K. Shanmugavel | | Trade Wing Secretary |
| V. Meenakshisundaram | | Weaver's Wing Secretary |

## List of party leaders
### Presidents

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term in office | Term in office | Term in office |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Assumed office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | | Vijayakant (1952–2023) | 14 September 2005 | 28 December 2023 | 18 years, 105 days |

### General Secretaries

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term in office | Term in office | Term in office |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Assumed office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 | | S. Ramu Vasanthan (1955–2009) | 14 September 2005 | 17 July 2009 | 3 years, 306 days |
| 2 | | Vijayakant (1952–2023) | 1 June 2014 | 14 December 2023 | 9 years, 196 days |
| 3 | | Premallatha Vijayakant (b. 1969) | 14 December 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 80 days |

## Legislative leaders
### List of leaders of the opposition
#### Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term in office | Term in office | Term in office | Assembly (Election) | Elected constituency |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Assumed office | Left office | Time in office | Assembly (Election) | Elected constituency |
| 1 | | Vijayakant (1952–2023) | 27 May 2011 | 21 February 2016 | 4 years, 270 days | 14th (2011) | Rishivandiyam |

### List of deputy leaders of the opposition
#### Deputy Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term in office | Term in office | Term in office | Assembly (Election) | Elected constituency | Leader of the Opposition |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Assumed office | Left office | Time in office | Assembly (Election) | Elected constituency | Leader of the Opposition |
| 1 | | Panruti S. Ramachandran (b. 1937) | 27 May 2011 | 10 December 2013 | 2 years, 197 days | 14th (2011) | Alandur | Vijayakant |
| 2 | | Alagaapuram R. Mohanraj (b. 1954) | 31 January 2014 | 21 February 2016 | 2 years, 21 days | 14th (2011) | Salem North | Vijayakant |