OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New Zealand War Service Medal

The New Zealand War Service Medal (NZWSM) was a New Zealand campaign medal for service in World War II.

## Award criteria

The NZWSM was approved in 1946, and was awarded to members of the New Zealand armed forces, the National Military Reserve and the Home Guard, as well as the New Zealand Merchant Navy and Naval Auxiliary Patrol Service. It was awarded in addition to, and worn immediately after, the standard Commonwealth campaign awards for World War II.
The NZWSM was awarded for 28 days' full-time aggregated service or six months' part-time aggregated service between 3 September 1939 and 2 September 1945. Service brought to an end by death on duty, or due to wounds sustained on duty, or honourable discharge as a result of such wounds, automatically qualified for award of the medal. Some 238,000 medals were issued.

## Description

The obverse shows the uncrowned effigy of King George VI, facing left, with the legend "GEORGIVS VI D:G:BR:OMN:REX F:D:IND:IMP." The reverse has the inscription "FOR SERVICE TO NEW ZEALAND 1939-1945" above a fern leaf. The reverse and mount were designed by the historian and typographer Dr John Beaglehole and the wood engraver E Mervyn Taylor. It was the first distinctively ‘New Zealand' campaign medal, which was emphasised by the use of the fern leaf motif on the reverse and suspension, and the national colours of black and white in the ribbon. The use of the fern leaf motif was made at the request of the Labour party cabinet who wanted 'a fern leaf like on the All Blacks' jersey'.
The NZWSM was issued unnamed.

## Clasps

None were authorised.
# Motoki Tokieda

Motoki Tokieda (時枝 誠記, Tokieda Motoki, 1900–1967) was a professor of Japanese linguistics at University of Tokyo. He is noted for developing the Process Theory of Language (言語過程説, gengo katei setsu) and his criticism of Ferdinand de Saussure.

## Biography

Tokieda was born on December 6, 1900, in Tokyo. In his early years, he was already interested in the Japanese language and resolved to devote his life's work on this field. He became a pupil of Shinkichi Hashimoto. However, he criticized Hashimoto's Japanese grammar and created his own "Tokieda grammar".

## Language process theory

The introduction of Saussure's work, particularly Cours, launched a significant semiotic argument in linguistic in Japan. Tokieda presented his own theory in opposition to that of Saussure, which turned out to be based on his misinterpretation of the latter's position. It was presented in his book Principles of the Japanese Language: Establishment and Development of Language Process Theory. It became evident that Tokieda's position is aligned with Saussure because the latter maintained that "general linguistics" is not about language in general. This is similar to Tokieda's view of "extreme specialization" of the Japanese grammar through the study of kokugaku or Japanese classics.
Tokieda's theory also criticized Yoshio Yamada's position that kokugogaku should only refer to studies done by Japanese people on their own language and exclude those undertaken by foreigners. According to Tokieda, the difference in terms of research conducted by the Japanese and foreign scholars rests on the used approaches and that one cannot say one is kokugogaku and the other is not. Tokieda also stressed that the concept of kokugo must not be defined as the language of the Japanese Empire but as one that it is based on its internal linguistic characteristics.
# Ampelita watersi

Ampelita watersi is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Acavidae.

## Description

(Original description) This discoidal shell is rather solid and features a small, compressed umbilicus. Its surface is obliquely closely striated with irregular, somewhat undulating, erect striae, crossed by numerous concentric lines, resulting in a minutely reticulated appearance at the intersections. Light purplish-brown, darkening behind the lip, the shell is partially covered by a pale straw-colored epidermis. The spire is depressed, with four rapidly increasing, somewhat convex whorls. The body whorl is very wide, swollen, and bluntly keeled, with a slight depression above the keel. The nearly horizontal aperture is transversely lunate-ovate, margined within by a broad purplish-black band, with a pale lilac interior. The thickened, expanded, and reflected peristome is edged with white, and its margins approximate and are joined by a callus.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Madagascar.
# 300 Club

The 300 Club is a small number of individuals who have endured a temperature difference of 300 °F (167 °C) within minutes. The group originated at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica and has since been established in North America.
Participants in the Antarctic 300 Club wait for a winter day when the temperature drops to −100 °F (−73 °C). This can happen in April to September (see South Pole). Because such cold temperatures may last only minutes, interested parties have to prepare in advance and be ready to act quickly. 300 Club participants spend up to 10 minutes in a sauna heated to 200 °F (93 °C). Then they quickly walk naked to the Ceremonial South Pole wearing only boots. They walk around the marker and return to the station. Participants move fast enough to minimize frostbite, but not so fast that they inhale so much cold air that they freeze their airway and lungs; properly clothed bystanders are often present to provide help if needed. After this, participants usually warm up in the sauna again, often with the aid of alcoholic beverages. After joining the 300 Club, members are entitled to wear commemorative patches.
The first 300 Club outside of Antarctica was established on January 30, 2019 near Minneapolis, Minnesota during a polar vortex. With an outside temperature of −27 °F (−33 °C), three men heated their backyard sauna to 280 °F (138 °C) and sat inside for 10 minutes. Upon exiting the sauna, they sprinted around a flagpole planted in honor of the South Pole tradition and took a brief roll in the snow before returning to the sauna.

## In popular culture

Dr. John Bird's award-winning book, One Day, One Night: Portraits of the South Pole chronicles life and science at the station, including the 300 Club.

## The 200 Club

Another version, called 200 Club exists at the Russian Vostok Station located at the Pole of Cold where temperatures regularly reach as low as −80 °C (−112 °F). To join the club one must first endure the heat of the sauna at 120 °C (248 °F) and then spend at least 200 seconds outside the station at −80 °C. The number 200 refers to the temperature variation in Celsius.
# San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway

The San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway first began operation in the U.S. state of Texas in 1886. It was developed by Uriah Lott and businessmen of San Antonio as a direct route from the city to Aransas Bay on the Texas Gulf coast. It was eventually absorbed in the 20th century by Southern Pacific.

## Background

Uriah Lott, a transportation entrepreneur, engaged his friends Richard King and contractor Mifflin Kenedy in development of three railroad lines in Texas to improve connections from major cities to smaller ones, and to trading areas in Mexico. The Corpus Christi, San Diego and Rio Grande Narrow Gauge Railroad connected Corpus Christi and Laredo. The St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway ran from Houston to Brownsville through the Rio Grande Valley and related stops.
Supported by businessmen from San Antonio, the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway was developed to connect San Antonio with Aransas Bay on Texas' Gulf coast, where a deepwater port was being developed. Lott, Texas was named in the developer's honor. (After damaging hurricanes in the early 20th century, the US Army Corps of Engineers designated Corpus Christi to be the deep-water port in this area.)

## Line history

The San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway Company was incorporated in 1884, to fulfill the need for a direct railway route from San Antonio to Mexico. Augustus Belknap became president of the company's board of directors, all of whom were also the primary investors, which included William H. Maverick, Edward Stevenson, Edward Katula, Daniel Sullivan, A. J. Lockwood, and George H. Kalteyer, all businessmen based in San Antonio, George Polk was the surveyor. With no progress upon completion of Polk's survey, Belknap was replaced by Lott as president of the board. He gained support in the state legislature from Representative Mifflin Kenedy. Construction began in 1885, and the first train rolled out on the line in 1886. The railroad went into receivership in 1890. The receivership was lifted in 1892 after a corporate reorganization whereby Southern Pacific acquired the majority of the stock.
As Section 5 of Article X of the Texas Constitution prohibited common control of parallel railroads, in 1903, the Southern Pacific Railroad was sued by the Texas Railroad Commission. Southern Pacific lost the lawsuit and was compelled to divest itself of ownership of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway. In 1924, a change in statutes allowed Southern Pacific to regain control of the railway. In 1934, the Southern Pacific consolidated the San Antonio and Aransas Pass into their Texas and New Orleans subsidiary road.
# Shinobu Orikuchi

Shinobu Orikuchi (折口 信夫, Orikuchi Shinobu, 11 February 1887–3 September 1953), also known as Chōkū Shaku (釋 迢空, Shaku Chōkū), was a Japanese ethnologist, linguist, folklorist, novelist, and poet. As a disciple of Kunio Yanagita, he established an original academic field named "Orikuchiism" (折口学, Orikuchigaku), which is a mixture of Japanese folklore, Japanese classics, and Shintō. He produced many works in a diversity of fields covering the history of literature, folkloric performing arts, folklore itself, Japanese language, the classics study, Shintōology, ancient study, and so on. Yukio Mishima once called him the "Japanese Walter Pater".

## Biography

Orikuchi was born in the former Nishinari, Ōsaka (now part of Naniwa-ku, Osaka). After graduating with a degree in Japanese literature from Kokugakuin University in 1910, he started to teach Japanese and Chinese classics at junior high schools. In 1919, he was employed as a part-time instructor in Kokugakuin University. In 1922, he was promoted to professor. In 1924, he was hired as a professor at Keio University as well; afterward, he taught at two different universities until he died. As a poet, he and Kitahara Hakushu established a tanka magazine called Nikkō ("Sunshine") in 1924. In 1925, he published Between the Sea and the Mountains (海山の間, Umi Yama no Aida), his first tanka book, which is highly esteemed.
In 1934, he received a doctorate for his study on the Man'yōshū. He also established the Japan Folklorists Society (日本民俗協会). As a folklorist, Yanagita was known for rejecting every sexual subject; Orikuchi, in contrast, was very open-minded to these matters. He became a model for the protagonist in Mishima's short story Mikumano Mōde (三熊野詣), while his novel Shisha no Sho was the basis for a film by Kihachiro Kawamoto.

## Personal life

Orikuchi was a homosexual (nanshokuka). Harumi Orikuchi (折口春洋), scholar of Japanese literature and poet, was his de facto partner. Harumi died in Battle of Iwo Jima.

## Major works

* Umi Yama no Aida (海やまのあひだ, "Between The Sea And The Mountains") – Tanka book
* Haru no Kotobure (春のことぶれ, "The Spring Forerunner") – Tanka book
* Shisha no Sho (死者の書, "The Book of the Dead") – Novel, translated into English in 2016 by Jeffrey Angles (ISBN 978-0816688104)
* Kodai Kenkyū (古代研究, "The Ancient Study") – Treatise on folklore and literature in ancient Japan
* Kabuki San (かぶき讃, "Viva Kabuki") – Kabuki review
# Robbie Bonham

Robbie Bonham (7 April 1971 – 21 January 2025) was an Irish comedian who performed stand-up in Ireland and internationally from 2004.
Robbie was also a cartoonist and artist, with published cartoons in English, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Italian. He worked in radio, presenting a weekly show on Liber8 FM and appearing on many other Irish radio shows.
Bonham died in Dublin on 21 January 2025, at the age of 53.
# Ahmed Cherkaoui

Ahmed Cherkaoui (2 October 1934 – 17 August 1967) was a Moroccan painter who worked in oil, gouache, and watercolour.

## Education

Born in Boujad, Cherkaoui studied at the École des métiers d'art and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, winning a scholarship in 1961 to the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw.

## Works

He was influenced by Western artists including Paul Klee, Roger Bissière, and Henri Matisse and by traditional Moroccan art which he studied with support from UNESCO. He began exhibiting in 1959. His style was abstract but used motifs from Moroccan tattoos, pottery, leatherwork, weaving, ornaments, and architecture. Until 1965 his paintings had combinations of dark colours; from that point on his style was more light and spacious. From 1966 he applied his style to leather as a medium.

## Death and legacy

He died 17 August 1967 in Casablanca after a routine operation. Posthumous exhibitions of his art were held in Paris and in Rabat.
# Rolandas Gimbutis

Rolandas Gimbutis (born 11 February 1981 in Vilnius, Lithuania) is a swimmer from Lithuania. He participated in the 2000, 2004, and 2008 Summer Olympics.

## Oakland Undercurrent

Currently, Rolandas is an accomplished swim coach for the well-known Oakland Undercurrents.
# 2024 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Doubles

Cristina Bucșa and Monica Niculescu defeated Asia Muhammad and Aldila Sutjiadi in the final, 3–6, 6–4, [10–6] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2024 Internationaux de Strasbourg.
Xu Yifan and Yang Zhaoxuan were the reigning champions, but Yang did not compete this year and Xu chose to compete in Rabat instead.

## Seeds

* Nicole Melichar-Martinez / Ellen Perez (first round)
* Demi Schuurs / Luisa Stefani (semifinals)
* Shuko Aoyama / Lyudmyla Kichenok (first round)
* Desirae Krawczyk / Bethanie Mattek-Sands (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | N Melichar-Martinez E Perez | 4 | 7$^7$ | [4] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Fernandez E Routliffe | 6 | 6$^2$ | [10] | | L Fernandez E Routliffe | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | H-c Chan F-h Wu | 6 | 6 | | | H-c Chan F-h Wu | 6$^1$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | C Paquet D Parry | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | L Fernandez E Routliffe | 3 | 7 | [9] | | | | |
| 3 | S Aoyama L Kichenok | 4 | 6$^2$ | | | | | | | A Muhammad A Sutjiadi | 6 | 5 | [11] | | | | |
| | A Muhammad A Sutjiadi | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | A Muhammad A Sutjiadi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Kato N Kichenok | 4 | 2 | | | E Shibahara Xin Wang | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Shibahara Xin Wang | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | A Muhammad A Sutjiadi | 6 | 4 | [6] |
| | M Bouzková T Mihalíková | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | C Bucșa M Niculescu | 3 | 6 | [10] |
| | C Bucșa M Niculescu | 6 | 6 | | | C Bucșa M Niculescu | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Krueger S Stephens | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | A Krueger S Stephens | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | D Krawczyk B Mattek-Sands | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | | | | | C Bucșa M Niculescu | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | U Eikeri I Neel | 4 | 3 | | | | | | 2 | D Schuurs L Stefani | 1 | 4 | | | | | |
| | G Olmos A Panova | 6 | 6 | | | G Olmos A Panova | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Shnaider V Zvonareva | 3 | 5 | | 2 | D Schuurs L Stefani | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | D Schuurs L Stefani | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Hans Ernst Pinsker

Hans Pinsker (1909–1987) was an Austrian linguist.
He was Professor and Chair at the Department of English at the University of Vienna. Pinsker is perhaps best known for his introduction to English historical grammar (written in German), which appeared in multiple editions (e.g. 2nd, rev. ed. 1963. 3rd ed. 1974 edition). He is also noted as an accomplished member of the Vienna School of English Linguistics ("Anglistik") and held the "Luick Chair" before Herbert Koziol and Herbert Schendl. Pinsker worked on Indo-European in addition to English historical linguistics.
Pinsker received a festschrift for his 70th birthday and other dedications for his 65th. After his death, the Hans-Pinsker-Fund, administered by the "Luick" Chair, was instituted to support student research in English Historical Linguistics.

## Notable students

Notable students of Pinsker include:
* Peter Krämer, a German linguist
* Nikolaus Ritt, an English historical linguist
* Herbert Schendl, an English historical linguist

## Publications

* Pinsker, Hans. 1974. Historische Englische Grammatik: Elemente der Laut-, Formen- und Wortbildungslehre. 3rd ed. Munich: Hueber.
# First Impressions (TV series)

First Impressions is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from August 27, 1988 to October 1, 1988.

## Overview

Brad Garrett stars as Frank Dutton, the owner of an advertising agency in Omaha, Nebraska who does impressions to sell his commercials. The show also focuses on Frank's social life as a divorcée starting to date again, and as a father to his nine-year-old daughter, Lindsay.
Eight episodes were filmed, but due to the show accumulating low ratings, the show was cancelled by CBS after airing the first five.

## Cast

* Brad Garrett as Frank Dutton
* Thom Sharp as Dave Poole
* Brandy Gold as Lindsay Dutton
* Sarah Abrell as Donna Patterson
* James Noble as Raymond Voss
* Ruth Kobart as Mrs. Madison

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Terry Hughes & Phil Ramuno | Unknown | August 27, 1988 (1988-08-27) | 7.4 |
| 2 | "Frank's Date" | Alan Rafkin | Unknown | September 3, 1988 (1988-09-03) | 6.0 |
| 3 | "Raymond vs. the Computer" | Howard Storm | Lawrence J. Cohen & Fred Freeman | September 10, 1988 (1988-09-10) | 6.8 |
| 4 | "The Public Trust" | Phil Ramuno | Unknown | September 24, 1988 (1988-09-24) | 6.5 |
| 5 | "On His Own" | Jack Shea | Unknown | October 1, 1988 (1988-10-01) | 7.2 |
| 6 | "Poor Clara" | N/A | N/A | Unaired | N/A |
| 7 | "The Audition" | N/A | N/A | Unaired | N/A |
| 8 | "The Selling of Frank" | N/A | N/A | Unaired | N/A |
# List of deaths from anorexia nervosa

This is a list of notable people who have died from anorexia nervosa, in chronological order.
* 1380: Catherine of Siena – Italian Saint, aged 33
* 1387: Pierre de Luxembourg – French Catholic bishop, aged 17
* 1882: Sophie Gray – Scottish model, aged 38
* 1909: Renée Vivien – British poet who wrote in the French language, aged 32
* 1936: Irene Fenwick – American stage and silent film actress, aged 49
* 1952: Susan Peters – American actress, aged 31
* 1957: Caren "Sande" Crabbe – Daughter of Buster Crabbe, aged 20
* 1982: Helga Braathen – Norwegian gymnast, aged 29
* 1983: Karen Carpenter – American singer, drummer (The Carpenters), aged 32
* 1994: Christy Henrich – American gymnast, aged 22
* 1996: Cynthia MacGregor – American tennis player, aged 31
* 1997: Heidi Guenther – American ballerina, aged 22
* 1997: Michael Krasnow – American author, My Life as a Male Anorexic, aged 28
* 1999: Lena Zavaroni – Scottish singer and actress, aged 35
* 2001: Bahne Rabe – German rower, aged 37
* 2003: Helen Moros – New Zealand long-distance runner, aged 35
* 2003: Debbie Barham – English comedy writer, aged 26
* 2006: Luisel Ramos – Uruguayan model, aged 22
* 2006: Ana Carolina Reston – Brazilian model, aged 21
* 2007: Eliana Ramos – Uruguayan model, younger sister of Luisel Ramos, aged 18
* 2007: Hila Elmalich – Israeli model, aged 33
* 2010: Isabelle Caro – French model, anorexia activist, and actress, aged 28
* 2010: Jeremy Gillitzer – aged 38
* 2013: Valeria Levitina – aged 40
* 2017: Nana Karagianni – aged 38
* 2017: Henriette Hömke – aged 29
* 2018: Javiera Muñoz – Swedish singer, aged 40
* 2019: Lene Marie Fossen – Norwegian photographer and artist, aged 33
* 2021: Nikki Grahame – English television personality, aged 38
* 2023: Karin Bauman – Israeli model, stepdaughter of Shimi Tavori, aged 35
* 2023: Amy Ellis – British Tiktoker, aged 43
* 2024: Anne McDaniels - American Actress and model, aged 46
# 1966 Kansas State Wildcats football team

The 1966 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University as a member of the Big Eight Conference during the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. Led by Doug Weaver in his seventh and final season as head coach, the Wildcats compiled an overall record of 0–9–1 with a mark of 0–6–1 in conference play, tying for seventh place in the Big 8. Kansas State scored 66 points and allowed 226 on the season. The team played home games at Memorial Stadium in Manhattan, Kansas.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | at Army* | Michie StadiumWest Point, NY | L 6–21 | 21,000 |
| September 24 | New Mexico* | Memorial StadiumManhattan, KS | L 8–28 | 15,300 |
| October 1 | at Colorado | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO (rivalry) | L 0–10 | 35,000 |
| October 8 | Missouri | Memorial StadiumManhattan, KS | L 0–27 | 15,800 |
| October 15 | at No. 6 Nebraska | Memorial StadiumLincoln, NE (rivalry) | L 10–21 | 64,108 |
| October 22 | at Cincinnati* | Nippert StadiumCincinnati, OH | L 14–28 | 13,200 |
| October 29 | Kansas | Memorial StadiumManhattan, KS (rivalry) | T 3–3 | 17,985 |
| November 5 | at Oklahoma | Oklahoma Memorial StadiumNorman, OK | L 6–37 | 44,792 |
| November 12 | Iowa State | Memorial StadiumManhattan, KS (rivalry) | L 13–30 | 10,256 |
| November 19 | Oklahoma State | Memorial StadiumManhattan, KS | L 6–21 | 9,300 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||