OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lierse S.K. (2018)

Koninklijke Lierse Sportkring is a Belgian association football club located in Lier, in the province of Antwerp. The club, founded in 1943 as Oosterzonen in Oosterwijk, was relocated to Lier following the bankruptcy of Lierse in 2018. After an official name change, Lierse Kempenzonen was renamed to K. Lierse S.K. in 2024. They compete in the Challenger Pro League, the second tier of Belgian football.

## History

The club was founded in 1943 as FC Oosterzonen from a commune within Westerlo. It started in the Belgian provincial leagues where it hovered between the various levels, most of the times playing at the 6th or 7th level of the Belgian football pyramid. In 2007, 2008 and 2009, the club won the title for three consecutive seasons and were promoted for the first time in its history to the national levels of football. In the Belgian Fourth Division, the club avoided relegation for a few seasons, before managing another promotion in the 2012–13 season into the Belgian Third Division. Following the reform of Belgian football in 2016, the team started playing in the Belgian First Amateur Division.
In May 2018, it was announced that the club would relocate to Lier, as it merged with the old board of Lierse (a club which had gone bankrupt just a few weeks before) to form a new club called Lierse Kempenzonen. The new team continued with the old logo of Lierse and started playing in the Herman Vanderpoortenstadion in Lier.

## Current squad

    As of 16 January 2025
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | BEL | Jens Teunckens |
| 2 | DF | BEL | Pieter De Schrijver |
| 3 | DF | NED | Luc Marijnissen |
| 4 | DF | BEL | Sam Vanderhallen |
| 5 | DF | BEL | Pietro Perdichizzi |
| 6 | MF | BEL | Emmanuel Matuta |
| 8 | MF | FRA | Victor Daguin |
| 9 | FW | FRA | Bryan Adinany |
| 10 | MF | BLR | Maksim Kireev |
| 12 | GK | BEL | Jarno De Smet |
| 14 | DF | BEL | Wout De Buyser |
| 17 | MF | BEL | Noah Hartmann |
| 18 | MF | BEL | Dirk Asare |
| 19 | MF | BEL | Tiago Vermeulen |
| 21 | MF | BEL | Bo De Kerf |
| 23 | DF | BEL | Viktor Boone |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 24 | DF | NED | Che Krabbendam |
| 26 | MF | BEL | Noah Mawete (on loan from SL16) |
| 27 | FW | BEL | Daan De Peuter |
| 28 | MF | BEL | Aboubacar Conte (on loan from RSCA Futures) |
| 30 | MF | BEL | Glenn Claes |
| 31 | DF | BEL | Brent Laes |
| 36 | GK | BEL | Lennard Leyssens |
| 41 | GK | BEL | Kjell Peersman (on loan from PSV) |
| 42 | FW | BEL | Aske Sampers |
| 70 | MF | BEL | Samih El Touile |
| 77 | MF | BEL | Hugo Masaki |
| 81 | FW | BEL | Niklo Dailly |
| 85 | DF | COD | Emmanuel Tshimbalanga |

## Coaching Staff

| Position | Name |
| Manager | Jamath Shoffner |
| Assistant managers | Nico Van Kerckhoven |
| Goalkeeper coach | Patrick Decsi |
| Video analyst | Bernd Brughmans |
| Team Doctor | Roel Rymen |
| Physiotherapist | Lars De Buyst Tom Waegemans |
| Materialman | Hans Van Rooy Rony Nauwelaers |
# QL (chemical)

Isopropyl aminoethylmethyl phosphonite (NATO designation QL), also known as O-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) O′-ethyl methylphosphonite, is a precursor chemical to the nerve agent VX and VR-56. It is a colorless liquid with a strong fishy odor, and is slightly soluble in water.

## Synthesis

QL is manufactured by the transesterification of diethyl methylphosphonite with 2-(diisopropylamino)ethanol.

## Uses in chemical warfare

QL is a component in binary chemical weapons, mainly VX nerve agent. It, along with methylphosphonyl difluoride (DF), was developed during the 1980s in order to replace an aging stockpile of unitary chemical weapons. QL is listed as a Schedule 1 chemical by the Chemical Weapons Convention.

## Toxicity

QL itself is a relatively non-toxic chemical. However, when reacting with sulfur, the corresponding sulfide of QL isomerizes into the highly toxic VX molecule.
# John Charles Mason

John Charles Mason (1798–1881) was a British East India Company servant and marine secretary to the Indian government (home establishment).
Mason, born in London in March 1798, was the only son of Alexander Way Mason, chief clerk in the secretary's office of the East India Company's home service, and one of the founders and editors of the ‘East India Register’ in 1803. His grandfather, Charles Mason, served with distinction in the expedition to Guadeloupe in 1758–9, and with the allied army in Germany in 1762 and in 1793–6.
John Charles was educated at Monsieur de la Pierre's commercial school in Hackney and at Lord Weymouth's grammar school at Warminster. For three years he served in the office of Dunn, Wordsworth, & Dunn, solicitors, 32 Threadneedle Street, till in April 1817 he received an appointment in the secretary's office at the East India House on the ground of his father's services—a unique episode in the history of the company's patronage. From 1817 to 1837 he was almost wholly employed upon confidential duties under the committee of secrecy—namely, in 1823 in negotiating a treaty with the government of the Netherlands for the cession of the settlement in the Straits of Malacca to the Dutch; in 1829 in arranging the secret signals for the East India Company's ships; in 1833 in negotiating for the renewal of the company's charter; and in 1834 in the parliamentary inquiry upon matters connected with China. He compiled in 1825–6 ‘An Analysis of the Constitution of the East India Company, and of the Laws passed by Parliament for the Government of their Affairs at Home and Abroad.’ In 1837 he was made secretary of the newly created marine branch of the secretary's office; under his management the Indian navy was greatly improved, the coasts of India were surveyed, and in 1857, on the breaking out of the mutiny, he arranged for the transport of fifty thousand troops to India with great expedition. In September 1858, upon the transfer of the government of India from the company to the crown, he retired from the service, but in January 1859 he was recalled and became secretary of the marine and transport department at the East India House, Leadenhall Street, and afterwards at the India office, Whitehall. The evidence he furnished to the select committees in 1860, 1861, and 1865 on the transport of troops to India led to his being appointed in 1865 the member to represent the government of India on the committee on the Indian overland troop transport service. In accordance with that committee's report of 1867, the Crocodile, Euphrates, Jumna, Malabar, and Serapis were constructed as troop-ships to convey troops to and from India.
In April 1867 he retired from the service, and died at 12 Pembridge Gardens, Bayswater, London, 21 Dec. 1881.
By his wife Jane Augusta, daughter of James Ensor, who died in 1878, he left five daughters and an only son, Charles Alexander James Mason, born in 1832, who served in the Indian (home) service from 1848, became assistant secretary in the military department, and retired in 1882.
# Treaty of Finckenstein

The Treaty of Finckenstein (Persian: عهدنامه فین‌کنشتاین), often spelled Finkenstein, was a treaty concluded between France and Iran (Persia) in the Finckenstein Palace (now Kamieniec, Poland) on 4 May 1807 and formalised the Franco-Persian alliance.
Napoleon I guaranteed the integrity of Persia, recognized part of Georgia and the other parts of Transcaucasia and a part of the North Caucasus (Dagestan) as Fath Ali Shah's possession, and was to make all possible efforts for restoring those territories to him. Napoleon also promised to furnish the Shah with arms, officers and workmen. France on its side required the Shah to declare war against the United Kingdom, to expel all British people from Persia, and to maintain an open way if France wanted to attack British possessions in the far east.
Despite the treaty, France failed to achieve diplomatic success in Persia, and none of its provisions were fully implemented. Furthermore, just two months after signing the treaty with Persia, France concluded the Treaties of Tilsit with Russia, effectively abandoning Iran in its struggle against Russian expansion.
On 12 March 1809, the United Kingdom signed a treaty with Persia forcing the French out of that country.
# Phosphonite

In organic chemistry, phosphonites are organophosphorus compounds with the formula P(OR)$_2$R. They are found in some pesticides and are used as ligands.

## Preparation

Although they are derivatives of phosphonous acid (RP(OH)$_2$), they are not prepared from such precursors. Phosphonites are prepared by alcoholysis of organophosphinous chlorides. For example, treatment of dichlorophenylphosphine with methanol and base gives dimethyl phenylphosphonite:
    Cl$_2$PPh + 2 CH$_3$OH → (CH$_3$O)$_2$PPh + 2 HCl

## Reactions

Oxidation of phosphonites gives phosphonates:
    2 P(OR)$_2$R + O$_2$ → 2 OP(OR)$_2$R
Phosphonites can function as ligands in homogeneous catalysis.
# Vasantam

Vasantam (transl. Spring) is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language drama film written and directed by Vikraman. Produced by N.V. Prasad and Sanam Naga Ashok Kumar, the film stars Venkatesh, Arti Agarwal, and Kalyani. Music was composed by S. A. Rajkumar. The film won two Nandi Awards.
The film opened simultaneously alongside the Tamil version of the film, Priyamaana Thozhi starring R. Madhavan, Jyothika, Sridevi Vijayakumar and Vineeth. The movie was remade in Kannada in 2010 as Hoo.

## Plot

Ashok and Julie have been friends since childhood. They live in Hyderabad and share no love interest. Ashok marries Nandini, and although Julie's closeness to Ashok initially irritates Nandini, she subsequently accepts it. Julie falls in love with Michael D'Souza, a cricketer who's hoping for a place in the Indian cricket team and whose main rival happens to be Ashok.
When Ashok gets selected instead of Michael, Michael's father strikes a deal with Ashok that the marriage between his son and Julie will only take place if Ashok steps down and lets Michael substitute him, and also tells Ashok to cut his friendship with Julie so he does not interfere in Michael's and Julie's life, to which Ashok agrees. Ashok acts as an unwilling person to his friend Julie. Julie decides to move out of Ashok's house and plans to stay at Michael's. Ashok plans to sell his property, give the money to Julie, and to go to Mumbai with Nandini, where his friend has offered him a job. Ashok and his wife vacate their house without informing Julie. Julie and Michael learn why Ashok is leaving Hyderabad, and they rush to the railway station to stop him but fail to find him. To spot Ashok easily, Julie sings a song to which Ashok responds, and they reunite. Ashok ends up playing for the Indian team and over the time their children become friends too. The film ends on a happy note.

## Cast

* Venkatesh as Ashok
* Aarti Agarwal as Nandini "Nandu"
* Kalyani as Julie
* Akash as Michael D'Souza
* Chandra Mohan as Peter, Julie's father
* Sunil as Ramesh
* Tanikella Bharani as Ashok's father
* Hema as Hema
* Ahuti Prasad as Michael's father
* Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao
* Gundu Hanumantha Rao
* Dharmavarapu Subramanyam
* Pruthvi Raj
* L. B. Sriram
* Prasad Babu
* Surya
* Siva Reddy
* Ananth as Panthulu
* Vizag Prasad
* Junior Relangi
* Chitti
* Delhi Rajeswari
* Rajasri
* Deepa
* Devisri
* Banda Jyothi
* Master Sajja Tejja as Young Ashok
* Master Shashak
* Baby Akshaya Jayaram
* Baby Srihitha
* V. V. S. Laxman in a special appearance as himself

## Production

Some of the songs were filmed in Greece.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by S. A. Rajkumar and released on Aditya Music label.

## Reception

Gudipoodi Srihari of The Hindu wrote that "A pleasant film and a sentimental love story, Vasantham tries to establish that there can be genuine friendship between a man and a woman even after their marriages". Jeevi of Idlebrain.com rated the film four out of five.

## Awards

* Nandi Special Jury Award for Best Film – N.V.Prasad ( film producer )
* Nandi Award for Best Costume Designer – P.Rambabu
.Aarti Agarwal Best Filim Actress [
# Chinese Historical Society of New England

The Chinese Historical Society of New England (CHSNE) is a historical society located in Boston, Massachusetts, that was founded in 1992. It was founded with the directive to document Chinese American immigration in the New England region.
In 2016, the CHSNE partnered with the Tisch College Community Research Center (TCRC) of Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, and Mass Humanities to present a series of programs and exhibits called "These Words", designed to advocate for the return of a branch library in Boston's Chinatown. "These Words" included information about the original branch library in Chinatown, the Shanghai Printing company (showing the importance of the printed word), an Oxford Street Community Bulletin Board (considering how the community communicated), and current activism around the library's disappearance. The curators decided "to bring the evidence out into the public square by digitizing... archival documents and photographs and displaying them as large outward facing panels on windows in the neighborhood." At the same time, a public art project featuring cutouts of residents of Chinatown, conceived by artist Wen-ti Tsen and also sponsored by CHSNE, appeared on the Chinatown streets: "Tsen said the project, called 'Home Town,' is meant to underscore how development continues to affect the community, which was founded in the late 1800s and has over 12,800 residents."
# Hypolimnion

The hypolimnion or under lake is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. The word "hypolimnion" is derived from Ancient Greek: λιμνίον, romanized: limníon, lit. 'lake'. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline.
Typically the hypolimnion is the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter. In deep, temperate lakes, the bottom-most waters of the hypolimnion are typically close to 4 °C throughout the year. The hypolimnion may be much warmer in lakes at warmer latitudes. Being at depth, it is isolated from surface wind-mixing during summer, and usually receives insufficient irradiance (light) for photosynthesis to occur.

## Oxygen dynamics

The deepest portions of the hypolimnion often have lower oxygen concentrations than the surface waters (i.e., epilimnion). While oxygen can typically exchange between surface waters and the atmosphere (i.e., in the absence of ice cover), bottom waters are comparatively isolated from atmospheric replenishment of oxygen. In particular, during periods of thermal stratification, gas exchange between the epilimnion and hypolimnion is limited by the density difference between these two layers. Consequently, decomposition of organic matter in the water column and sediments can cause oxygen concentrations to decline to the point of hypoxia (low oxygen) or anoxia (no oxygen). In dimictic, eutrophic lakes, the hypolimnion is often anoxic throughout a majority of the stratified period. However, hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations are replenished in the fall and early winter in many temperate lakes, as lake turnover allows mixing of oxic surface waters and anoxic bottom waters.
Notably, anoxic conditions in temperate lakes have the potential to create a positive feedback, whereby anoxia during a given year begets increasingly severe and frequent occurrences of anoxia in future years. Anoxia can lead to release of nutrients from sediment, which contribute to increased phytoplankton growth. Increased phytoplankton growth subsequently increases decomposition, perpetuating hypolimnetic oxygen declines. This positive feedback effect has been termed the Anoxia Begets Anoxia feedback.

### Hypolimnetic aeration

In eutrophic lakes where the hypolimnion is anoxic, hypolimnetic aeration may be used to add oxygen to the hypolimnion. Adding oxygen to the system through aeration can be costly because it requires significant amounts of energy.
# HMS Rising Castle

HMS Rising Castle was a Castle-class corvette built for the Royal Navy in World War II. She was named for Castle Rising in Norfolk, England. Before she was commissioned she was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy and renamed Arnprior and given a new pennant number. After the war she was sold to Uruguay and renamed Montevideo.

## Design

The Castle-class corvettes were an improvement over the previous Flower class for use as a convoy escort, due to their improved seagoing performance. The corvettes displaced 1,060 long tons (1,077 t) with a length of 252 feet (77 m), a beam of 36 feet 8 inches (11.18 m) and a draught of 10 feet (3.0 m).
The ships were powered by two Admiralty 3-drum type water-tube boilers creating 2,750 indicated horsepower (2,050 kW). This powered one 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine, driving one shaft, giving the Castle-class corvettes a maximum speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph). The corvettes could carry 480 tons of oil giving them a range of 9,500 nautical miles (17,600 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).
The class was armed with one 4-inch (102-mm) Quick Firing Mk.XIX High Angle/Low Angle combined air/surface gun, two twin 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons and six single 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons for air/surface combat. For anti-submarine warfare, the ships were equipped with one Squid anti-submarine mortar and one depth charge rail with 15 depth charges.

## Construction and career

Rising Castle was ordered on 23 January 1943. She was built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast and laid down on 21 June 1943. She was launched on 8 February 1944, but was then transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy and commissioned as HMCS Arnprior (with a new pennant number) on 8 June 1944. She was then completed on 26 June 1944. The Canadian Castle-class corvettes were acquired from the Royal Navy in exchange for Algerine-class minesweepers.

### War service

She worked up at Tobermory, after which she was assigned to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force as part of the convoy escort group C-1, based at Derry. She sailed with convoy ONM-249 on 19 August 1944. She spent the rest of the war serving in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. After the end of the war in June 1945, Arnprior was refitted at St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The refit lasted for two months and she was then based at Halifax.

### Postwar service

She was decommissioned on 14 March 1946 and was sold to Uruguay. The ship was renamed Montevideo and operated as a training ship until 1975. The ship was broken up in 1975.
# HMS Sir Thomas Picton (1915)

HMS Sir Thomas Picton was a First World War Royal Navy Lord Clive-class monitor. Sir Thomas Picton was the only Royal Navy ship ever named for Sir Thomas Picton, a British general of the Peninsular War who was killed at the Battle of Waterloo. The ship's original 12" main battery was stripped from the obsolete Majestic-class battleship HMS Mars.
The Lord Clive-class monitors were originally built in 1915 to engage German shore artillery in occupied Belgium during the First World War. Sir Thomas Picton, however was differently employed, being dispatched to the Eastern Mediterranean upon completion for service with the fleet there alongside her sister Earl of Peterborough. In early 1916, she shelled Turkish positions at the Dardanelles and during the remainder of the war was active against Turkish units in Egypt, Palestine and Turkey itself.
Following the armistice in November 1918, Sir Thomas Picton and her sisters were put into reserve pending scrapping, as the reason for their existence ended with the liberation of Central Power-held coastlines. In 1921, Sir Thomas Picton was scrapped along with all her sisters.
# Michel Fragasso

Michel Fragasso (1888–1954), originally from Cerignola, in the province of Foggia in Italy was a Quebec engineer who participated in the design and production of several public infrastructures in Quebec, Canada. He had married Clara Taché, daughter of the architect Eugène-Étienne Taché who is the author of the plans of the Parliament of Quebec, the Armory of Quebec as well as the motto of Quebec: "I remember".

## Biography

At the end of his engineering studies in Liège, Michel Fragasso immigrated to Quebec in 1912 to pursue a career as an engineer. In addition to having participated in the construction of the Quebec bridge around 1913, this engineer erected several dams, in particular those of the Jacques-Cartier lakes, in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, and of the Sautauriski Lake, located in Jacques-Cartier National Park.
The toponym "Lac Fragasso" was formalized on October 19, 1990, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec referring to the work of life of Michel Fragasso.
# Philip W. Manhard

Philip Wallace Manhard (November 13, 1921 Cambridge, Massachusetts - 1988) was the American Ambassador to Mauritius (sworn in on March 19, 1974, Left post on May 10, 1976) and was the first prisoner of war (POW) foreign service officer named as an Ambassador.
Manhard graduated from the University of Southern California in 1943. He served in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1944 and in the Marine Corps from 1944 to 1946. Manhard then worked for IBM and Standard Oil. Manhard joined the foreign service in 1948.
While assigned as Province Senior Adviser in Thừa Thiên Province, South Vietnam, Manhard was taken prisoner by the Viet Cong during the Battle of Huế. He was the highest ranking civilian captured and held as a POW from 31 January 1968 until 16 March 1973).
# Wilhelm Hanstein

Wilhelm Hanstein (3 August 1811 in Berlin – 14 October 1850 in Magdeburg) was a German chess player and writer. He was also a civil servant.
Hanstein was one of the Berlin Pleiades. He helped found Berliner Schachzeitung, later to become Deutsche Schachzeitung. In 1842, he won a match against Carl Jaenisch (+4 −1 =1). In 1847, he won a match against Karl Mayet (+12 −5 =1).
# Canadian Journal of Communication

The Canadian Journal of Communication publishes Canadian research and scholarship in the field of communication studies, first published in 1974.
"In pursuing this objective, particular attention is paid to research that has a distinctive Canadian flavour by virtue of choice of topic or by drawing on the legacy of Canadian theory and research. The purview of the journal is the entire field of communication studies as practised in Canada or with relevance to Canada." It is an independent journal and is owned by its subscribers.