OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)

Lee Beom-seok (Korean: 이범석; October 20, 1900 – May 11, 1972), also known by his art name Cheolgi, was a Korean independence activist who served as the prime minister of South Korea from 1948 to 1950. He also headed the Korean National Youth Association.

## Early life

Lee Beom-seok on October 20, 1900 was born in Gyeongseong (now Seoul), Korean Empire. Lee's father was an officer. He was a descendant of Sejong the Great's son Gwangpyeong Daegun (광평대군; 廣平大君).

## Career in exile

Lee and thousands of other Korean independence activists went into exile in the Republic of China after the violent suppression by the Japanese of the March 1st Movement.
In 1919, he started studying at the Shinheung military academy (Korean: 신흥무관학교; Hanja: 新興武官學校), which was created to build an army to fight for independence. Soon after, Lee fought in the Battle of Cheongsanni, a six-day engagement in eastern Manchuria.
In 1941, he served as a general and chief of staff in the Korean Liberation Army, the army of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. He was also instrumental in negotiating with the US Office of Strategic Services to create the Eagle Project, a joint mission with the Provisional Government to infiltrate occupied Korea during World War II.
In 1945, Lee attempted to return to Korea but was forced to remain in exile in China.

## Career after liberation of Korea

In 1946, he returned to Korea and helped found the Korean National Youth Association with Ahn Ho-sang. He was opposed to Kim Ku's South-North negotiations (남북협상; 南北協商) and allied himself with Lee Syng-man to establish a unitary government in South Korea. He served as the new country's first prime minister from July 31, 1948 to April 20, 1950.
Following his term in office, Lee Beom-seok served as the Korean Ambassador to the Republic of China, and as Secretary of the Interior. He ran for the vice presidency in 1952, and again in 1956, but failed to win either election. Throughout the 1960s, he remained a staunch opposition leader to the ruling party. At the end of his career, Lee served as an adviser on the Board of National Unification (국토통일원; 國土統一院) and mentored Park Chung-Hee as an elder of the nation.
On May 10, 1972, he was granted a honorary doctorate by the Taiwan Chinese Academy.

## Death

He died on May 11, 1972, a day after receiving his honorary degree. He died of a myocardial infarction in the Seongmo hospital of Myeong-dong in Seoul. His state funeral was held in the Square of Namsan Mountain on May 17, and he was buried in Seoul National Cemetery.
# Silvio Borjas

Silvio Borjas (born April 19, 1990) is a Paraguayan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Cruz Azul.
# Meijō Park

Meijō Park (名城公園, Meijō Kōen) is a public park surrounding Nagoya Castle in Kita-ku, Nagoya, Japan

## History

The name Meijō derives itself from the abbreviated kanji form of Nagoya Castle (名古屋城, Nagoya-jō). So in effect the park's name translated means "Nagoya Castle Park", since it lies to the north of the castle and used to be a part of its wider compound.
The park is located on the site of the former Shimo Ofuke-oniwa (下御深井御庭), also known as Ofuke-niwa (御深井庭), of the Edo period. The Ofuke Garden was a large garden centering on a pond that was left over from the low marshland that existed on the north side of the castle when Nagoya Castle was built, and served as a defense for the north side of the castle. The pond had a number of small islands and the area was cultivated as a Japanese garden. It is said that the third shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu admired this garden when he visited and used it as a model for the Fukiage part of Edo Castle. The area was used a secret garden. In 1820 at least three different tea houses were located around the pond. One was the Takenaga tea house (竹長押御茶屋) located to the south close to Benten Island, the Seto tea house (瀬戸御茶屋) next to the Seto Mount to the east, and the Matsuyama tea house (松山御茶屋) to the north. Located west of the Ofuke Garden was lord Tokugawa Naritomo's Shin Goten (新御殿 New Palace) in what is today Horibata-chō (堀端町).
The area was originally larger, incorporating land to the east of today's park across Otsu-dori where Aichi Gakuin University - Meijo Koen Campus is located.
During the Kan'ei era (1624-44), the first lord of Owari, Tokugawa Yoshinao (1600-50) had a noborigama kiln constructed at the eastern corner of the Ofuke garden and invited potters from Seto. Pottery was made at the kiln until the Meiji era.
After the Meiji era, the land was reclaimed and used as a military drill ground. The area was converted into a public park in 1931.

## Facilities

The park includes Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium and Nagoya City Archives, as well as other facilities. Periodically, flower exhibits are held in this park. In addition, the park itself has many flowers being cultivated inside, including famously its wisteria, which usually bloom at the end of April and beginning of May, and especially its cherry blossoms, which usually bloom at the beginning of April.

## Access

Meijō Kōen Station provide access to the park. Meijō Kōen Station is named after this park, and the subway line it is on, namely the Meijō Line, is named after Nagoya Castle.
# Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory

The Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory (French: Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec) is an online cultural heritage knowledge dissemination tool for the province of Quebec. The directory is maintained by the province's Ministry of Culture and Communications.
The Cultural Heritage Directory encompasses the heritage properties, items, and elements (buildings/structures (immovable objects), movable objects, people, and events) listed on the Québec Cultural Heritage Registry (French: Registre du patrimoine culturel du Québec), as well as detailed information about heritage aspects which have been inventoried by the Ministry of Culture and Communications or by its partner organizations.
These are updated forms and roles of both the Directory (Répertoire) and the Registry (Registre) that were created under the authority of the Cultural Heritage Act (French: la Loi sur le patrimoine culturel), passed into law on October 19, 2011, and that went into legal effect a year later, on October 19, 2012. This act replaced the Cultural Property Act (French: la Loi sur les biens culturels) of 1972.

## History
### Cultural Property Act of 1972

The registry under this previous act contained buildings and structures, as well as smaller objects such as documents, artifacts, and works of art. The objective of the Répertoire was to "identify, preserve, and make known the heritage of all regions of Quebec". Those properties which were protected under the Cultural Property Act of 1972 (French: la Loi sur les biens culturels) were included on the Register of Cultural Property (French: Registre des biens culturels). Under the 1972 law, the Répertoire included the Registre, which contained information about natural and historic districts, property protected by municipalities, commemorative plaques, the components of buildings or sites protected, as well as property in the inventory. A listing on the Répertoire did not itself give a site any legal protection. In 2010, there were 761 properties protected under the Cultural Property Act of 1972, by the provincial government, and approximately 60,000 properties which had been protected under the law by municipal governments.
# China Young Volunteers Association

The China Young Volunteers Association (CYVA; Chinese: 中国青年志愿者协会) is a volunteering organization in China. It works under the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China and is a member of the All-China Youth Federation and the United Nations CCIVS. CYVA was created on December 5, 1994. It is the first organization to govern volunteer efforts in China on a national scale.
# Michael Strassfeld

Michael Strassfeld is an American rabbi. From 2001-2015, Strassfeld was rabbi of the Society for the Advancement of Judaism, a Manhattan synagogue. From 1982-2001, he was the rabbi of Manhattan’s Congregation Ansche Chesed.

## Biography

Michael Strassfeld is a graduate of the Maimonides School. He started college at Yeshiva University, but transferred to Brandeis University and graduated in 1971. He holds an M.A. from Brandeis in Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, and completed his doctoral coursework in Jewish History at Brandeis but did not submit a thesis. He was ordained by the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in 1991.
Strassfeld first received wide public attention as one of the authors of The Jewish Catalog. He was a leader of the Chavurah movement and was the founding chairperson of the National Havurah Committee from 1979 to 1982.
The original version of Passover Haggadah: The Feast of Freedom was edited by Strassfeld. After publishing it for members of the Rabbinical Assembly in their rabbinical journal, Rachel Anne Rabinowicz came on board next as editor of the project. She brought the work to its final form.
Strassfeld is married to Rabbi Joy Levitt and he is father to sons Max, Noam, and Benjamin and stepdaughters Sara and Ruthie Friedlander, as well as being grandfather to Micah Strassfeld.

## Publications

* The First Jewish Catalog. A Do-It-Yourself Kit. Compiled and edited by Richard Siegel, Michael Strassfeld, and Sharon Strassfeld (1973).
* The Second Jewish Catalog. Comp. and ed. by Michael Strassfeld and Sharon Strassfeld (1976).
* The Third Jewish Catalog. Compiled and ed. by Sharon Strassfeld and Michael Strassfeld (1980).
* Shabbat Haggadah for Celebration and Study (1980).
* The Jewish holidays: a guide and commentary. With Arnold M. Eisen and Betsy Platkin Teutsch (Illustrations) (1985).
* A Night of Questions, a Passover Haggadah ed. with Rabbi Joy Levitt (2000).
* A Book of Life: Embracing Judaism as a Spiritual Practice, Schocken Books (2002).
* Judaism Disrupted: A Spiritual Manifesto for the 21st Century, Ben Yehuda Press (2023)
# Aldo Florentín

Aldo Andrés Florentín Britez (born 10 November 1957) is a Paraguayan former football attacking midfielder born in Caazapá.

## Honours

* Cerro Porteño
** Paraguayan Primera División: 1977, 1987, 1992
* Sol de América
** Paraguayan Primera División: 1986, 1991

## Titles

| Season | Team | Title |
| 1979 | Paraguay | Copa América |
# Mbaka River

Mbaka River is a river of Mbeya Region, Tanzania. It originates on the south slopes of Mount Rungwe and flows southeast into the north end of Lake Malawi at Mwaya.
# Answer print

An answer print is the first version of a given motion picture that is printed to film after color correction on an interpositive. It is also the first version of the movie printed to film with the sound properly synced to the picture.
Answer prints are created during the post-production process after editing, dubbing and other related audio work and special effects sequences have been finished or completed to a degree satisfactory for pre-release viewing. They are used by the filmmaker and studio to ensure that the work going into the film during the post-production process is cohesive with the final goals for the project. In effect, it is a post-edit editing where the filmmaker can observe and direct the course of the film's final look and feel as it pertains to color correction, sound and special effects elements and overall pacing. Pre-release screenings for test audiences are often run from late answer print copies of the film, because often the filmmaker is using the screening as a way to help direct final choices regarding the finished project.
When the last answer print is approved and finalized, it is used to make an internegative from which the release prints are struck.
# Picea aurantiaca

Picea aurantiaca is a species of conifer in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is endemic to China, where it is only known from western Sichuan. Its common name is orange spruce.
This tree grows on steep mountain slopes on the edges of forests. It grows in a cold subalpine climate up to about 3800 to 4000 meters in maximum elevation. It can be found alongside Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, Abies squamata, Larix potaninii, and birches.
This species is closely related to Picea asperata and it is sometimes treated as a variety.
# Hubert Matynia

Hubert Matynia (born 4 November 1995) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for II liga club Olimpia Elbląg, which he captains.

## International career

Matynia made three appearances for the Poland U20 team.
On 5 November 2018, Matynia was called up for Poland by Jerzy Brzęczek for a friendly match against Czech Republic and for the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League game against Portugal.
# 1872 United States elections

Elections were held on November 5, 1872, electing the members of the 43rd United States Congress. The election took place during the Third Party System. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. Despite a split in the party, the Republicans retained control of the presidency and both houses of Congress.
In the presidential election, Republican president Ulysses S. Grant easily defeated Liberal Republican newspaper editor Horace Greeley. Greeley's Liberal Republicans campaigned on civil service reform and an end to Reconstruction. Eager to defeat Grant, the Democratic Party also nominated Greeley. Greeley died after the election but prior to the meeting of the electoral college, so most of Greeley's electoral votes went to his running mate, Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown, as well as former senator Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana.
Following the 1870 census, 49 seats were added to the House. Republicans made major gains in the House, picking up new seats while also winning seats from the Democrats.
In the Senate, Republicans continued to control a commanding majority, but lost multiple seats to the Democrats and Liberal Republicans.
# Kyanakwe

The Kyanakwe are, according to Claude Lévi-Strauss, a "population" against whom in Zuñi mythology the ancestors of the Zuñi engaged in war. Peace was not an option; the gods would grant final victory to one group alone. The Kyanakwe are described variously as hunters and as gardeners.
The Kyanakwe Dance commemorates the early Zuñi looking for the Middle Place and encountering the Kyanakwe, who lived in large houses, wore long white robes, farmed large fields of corn and other crops, and were led by Chakwaina Okya, a large woman warrior. The Zuñi fought them for four days before the Kyanakwe were routed. The dance occurs every four years and when led by Kyamosona, they bring quantities of food.
# Gwen Harwood Poetry Prize

The Gwen Harwood Poetry Prize (also known as the Gwen Harwood Memorial Poetry Prize) was created in 1996 in memory of the Tasmanian poet, Gwen Harwood. The prize is run by Island Magazine and is awarded to a single poem or a linked suite of poems. It has a first prize of A$2,000, and the judges may award two minor prizes.

## Winners

* 2025: Georgina Woods for Augury: Sea surface temperature charts
* 2024: Yasmin Smith for The Burial Feathers
* 2023: Brigid Coleridge for Day 210
* 2021/2022: Stuart Barnes for Sestina after B. Carlisle
* 2020/2021: Amy Crutchfield for The Memory of Water
* 2018: Damen O'Brien for On the Day You Launch
* 2017: Meredith Wattison for The Munchian O
* 2016: Kate Wellington for Correspondence and Stuart Cooke for In Memory
* 2015: Dan Disney
* 2014: Tim Thorne for Fukushima Suite and Alex Skovron for For Length of Days
* 2013: Chloe Wilson for Blackbirds en Masse and Jan Sullivan for Tour de France
* 2012: Fiona Hile for Bush Poem With Subtitles David Bunn for In Dreams Let Us Not Use First Names
* 2011: Sarah Rice for Against The Grain
* 2010: Maureen O'Shaunhnessy for Thursday, July 15
* 2009: Michael Robinson for A Letter on Youth Homelessness
* 2008: Angela Malone for Drawing in the Birth Room
* 2007: Sandy Fitts for Waiting for Goya
* 2006: Elizabeth Campbell for Structure of the Horse's Eye
* 2005: Mark Tredinnick
* 2004: Lesley Walter for Hyphenated Lives
* 2003: Kathryn Lomer
* 2002: Held over to be part of Tasmania Pacific Region Prize awards day
* 2000: Jan Owen
* 1998: Doris Brett
* 1997: M. T. C. Cronin for The Confetti Stone
* 1996: Anthony Lawrence for The Grim Periphery
# Jake Flowers

D'Arcy Raymond "Jake" Flowers (March 16, 1902 – December 27, 1962) was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager. A reserve infielder, primarily a second baseman and shortstop, he appeared in 583 Major League games over ten seasons between 1923 and 1934 for the St. Louis Cardinals, Brooklyn Robins and Dodgers, and Cincinnati Reds. The native of Cambridge, Maryland, attended Washington College, where he played football and basketball in addition to baseball. He batted and threw right-handed and was listed at 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 170 pounds (77 kg).

## Baseball career
### As a player

In the majors, Flowers played in over 100 games only once: in 1927, for the Robins. He also had his finest offensive season for Brooklyn during the lively-ball 1930 season, when Flowers batted .320 and reached career highs in doubles (18) and runs batted in (50) in only 86 games played. During his two terms with the Cardinals he was a member of two world championship teams, in 1926 and 1931, collecting one hit and one base on balls in 15 World Series plate appearances. During his regular-season big-league career, Flowers batted .256; his 433 hits included 75 doubles, 18 triples and 16 home runs.

### As a manager, coach, executive and scout

After his professional playing career ended in 1936, Flowers returned to the Eastern Shore of Maryland and turned to managing. In his first season, 1937, he won The Sporting News' Minor League Manager of the Year Award. His Salisbury Indians won the Class D Eastern Shore League regular-season pennant with a 59–37 win–loss record, then prevailed over the Centreville Colts in the league playoffs for the undisputed league championship. Salisbury roared off to a 21–5 record during the season's early weeks, but when an ineligible player was discovered on the Indians' roster, the team was forced to forfeit all 21 wins. Undeterred, Flowers' club then won 59 of its last 70 games without the banned player to finish 31⁄2 games ahead of the second-place Easton Browns. Had the 21 early-season wins not been forfeited, Salisbury would have compiled a winning percentage of .833, good for 135 wins during a 162-game season.
After three seasons in the Eastern Shore League, Flowers returned to the majors to coach under two former Cardinal teammates: Frankie Frisch with the Pittsburgh Pirates (1940–45) and Billy Southworth with the Boston Braves (1946). Flowers then was general manager of the Braves' top farm system affiliate, the Milwaukee Brewers of the American Association, from 1947 to 1950 and a Cleveland Indians coach in 1951–52. He later scouted for the Baltimore Orioles. He suffered a fatal heart attack at age 60 in Clearwater, Florida.
Jake Flowers is a member of the Washington College and Eastern Shore Baseball Foundation halls of fame.
# Presentation of a monoid

In algebra, a presentation of a monoid (or a presentation of a semigroup) is a description of a monoid (or a semigroup) in terms of a set Σ of generators and a set of relations on the free monoid Σ$^∗$ (or the free semigroup Σ$^+$) generated by Σ. The monoid is then presented as the quotient of the free monoid (or the free semigroup) by these relations. This is an analogue of a group presentation in group theory.
As a mathematical structure, a monoid presentation is identical to a string rewriting system (also known as a semi-Thue system). Every monoid may be presented by a semi-Thue system (possibly over an infinite alphabet).
A presentation should not be confused with a representation.

## Construction

The relations are given as a (finite) binary relation R on Σ$^∗$. To form the quotient monoid, these relations are extended to monoid congruences as follows:
First, one takes the symmetric closure R ∪ R$^{−1}$ of R. This is then extended to a symmetric relation E ⊂ Σ$^∗$ × Σ$^∗$ by defining x ~$_E$ y if and only if x = sut and y = svt for some strings u, v, s, t ∈ Σ$^∗$ with (u,v) ∈ R ∪ R$^{−1}$. Finally, one takes the reflexive and transitive closure of E, which then is a monoid congruence.
In the typical situation, the relation R is simply given as a set of equations, so that $R=\{u_{1}=v_{1},\ldots ,u_{n}=v_{n}\}$. Thus, for example,
    $\langle p,q\,\vert \;pq=1\rangle$
is the equational presentation for the bicyclic monoid, and
    $\langle a,b\,\vert \;aba=baa,bba=bab\rangle$
is the plactic monoid of degree 2 (it has infinite order). Elements of this plactic monoid may be written as $a^{i}b^{j}(ba)^{k}$ for integers i, j, k, as the relations show that ba commutes with both a and b.

## Inverse monoids and semigroups

Presentations of inverse monoids and semigroups can be defined in a similar way using a pair
    $(X;T)$
where
    $(X\cup X^{-1})^{*}$
is the free monoid with involution on $X$, and
    $T\subseteq (X\cup X^{-1})^{*}\times (X\cup X^{-1})^{*}$
is a binary relation between words. We denote by $T^{\mathrm {e} }$ (respectively $T^{\mathrm {c} }$) the equivalence relation (respectively, the congruence) generated by T.
We use this pair of objects to define an inverse monoid
    $\mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|T\rangle .$
Let $\rho _{X}$ be the Wagner congruence on $X$, we define the inverse monoid
    $\mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|T\rangle$
presented by $(X;T)$ as
    $\mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|T\rangle =(X\cup X^{-1})^{*}/(T\cup \rho _{X})^{\mathrm {c} }.$
In the previous discussion, if we replace everywhere $({X\cup X^{-1}})^{*}$ with $({X\cup X^{-1}})^{+}$ we obtain a presentation (for an inverse semigroup) $(X;T)$ and an inverse semigroup $\mathrm {Inv} \langle X|T\rangle$ presented by $(X;T)$.
A trivial but important example is the free inverse monoid (or free inverse semigroup) on $X$, that is usually denoted by $\mathrm {FIM} (X)$ (respectively $\mathrm {FIS} (X)$) and is defined by
    $\mathrm {FIM} (X)=\mathrm {Inv} ^{1}\langle X|\varnothing \rangle =({X\cup X^{-1}})^{*}/\rho _{X},$
or
    $\mathrm {FIS} (X)=\mathrm {Inv} \langle X|\varnothing \rangle =({X\cup X^{-1}})^{+}/\rho _{X}.$
# Galen Hassler

Galen Hassler (born October 10, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver who has previously competed in the ARCA Racing Series from 2013 to 2014.
Hassler has also competed in series such as the Lucas Cattle Company United Late Model Association, the POWRi B-Mod Division, the United States Racing Association, and the USRA B-Mod Iron Man Challenge.

## Motorsports results
### ARCA Racing Series

(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
ARCA Racing Series results :
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | ARSC | Pts |
| 2013 | Carter 2 Motorsports | 40 | Dodge | DAY 32 | MOB | SLM | TAL 20 | TOL | ELK | POC | MCH | ROA | WIN | | | | | | | | | | | | 79th | 295 |
| 2013 | Roulo Brothers Racing | 99 | Ford | | | | | | | | | | | CHI 27 | NJM | POC | BLN | ISF | MAD | DSF | IOW | SLM | KEN | KAN | 79th | 295 |
| 2014 | Carter 2 Motorsports | 40 | Dodge | DAY | MOB | SLM | TAL | TOL | NJE | POC | MCH | ELK | WIN | CHI 26 | IRP | POC | BLN | ISF | MAD | DSF | SLM | KEN | | | 114th | 130 |
| 2014 | HARE Motorsports | 60 | Chevy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KAN 25 | | 114th | 130 |