OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liberal Party of Cuba

The Liberal Party of Cuba (Spanish: Partido Liberal de Cuba), was one of the major political parties in Cuba from 1910 until the Cuban Revolution in the late 1950s, when it was exiled.

## History
### Liberal governments

Founded as the Autonomist Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Autonomista, PLA), in 1878 and renamed in 1898, the party first contested elections in 1910, when it won 23 of the 41 seats in mid-term elections. They lost the 1912 elections to the Conjunción Patriótica alliance, and went on to finish second in elections in 1914, 1916 (in which they won the same number of seats in the House of Representatives as the National Conservative Party, but won fewer seats in the Senate) and 1918.
In the 1920 elections, the Liberal Party's Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso won the presidential election, although the party lost the parliamentary elections to the National League. They went on to win the mid-term elections in 1922. For the 1924 elections the party formed an alliance with the Cuban Popular Party. The alliance's Gerardo Machado won the presidential election, whilst it also won both the Senate and House elections.
In 1928 elections for a Constitutional Assembly were held, in which the party won 29 of the 55 seats. The party also won the mid-term elections in 1930 and 1932. For the 1936 general election the party was part of the Tripartite Coalition, alongside the Nationalist Union and Republican Action, which won both the presidential election (with Miguel Mariano Gómez as its candidate) and the parliamentary elections. The Liberal Party went on to win the 1938 mid-term elections.

### Liberal Party's fall

In the 1940 general elections the party was again part of an alliance, the People's Socialist Coalition, alongside the Communist Revolutionary Union, Progressive Action, the Democratic National Association and the Republican Democratic Party. The alliance's Fulgencio Batista won the presidential election, whilst the Liberal Party finished second in the House of Representatives elections. The party won 21 seats in the 1942 mid-term elections, matched by the Democratic Party.
The 1944 general election saw the party finish second in the House of Representative elections, with a similar performance in the 1946 mid-term elections. For the 1948 general election the party put forward a joint candidate with the Democratic Party, but lost to the Auténtico-Republican's Carlos Prío Socarrás. The party also finished second in the parliamentary elections.
An alliance with the Democratic Party and the Partido Auténtico won the 1950 mid-term elections. However, for the 1954 elections the party allied against the Partido Auténtico alongside Progressive Action, the Radical Union and the Republican Democratic Party, putting forward the victorious Batista as their presidential candidate. The Liberal Party finished second in the House elections behind Progressive Action.

## Successor

The modern party, named National Liberal Party of Cuba, was founded in 2004. It is a member of Liberal International.
# Mihai Iacob

Mihai Iacob (11 May 1933 – 5 July 2009) was a Romanian film director and screenwriter. He directed twelve films between 1955 and 1972. His 1961 film Thirst was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival.

## Filmography

* Blanca (co-director Constantin Neagu, 1955)
* Dincolo de brazi (co-director Mircea Drăgan, 1957)
* Thirst (1960)
* Darclee (1961)
* Celebrul 702 (1962)
* Străinul (1964)
* Pe drumurile Thaliei (1964)
* Politețe (1966, documentary)
* De trei ori București (co-directors Ion Popescu-Gopo and Horea Popescu, 1967, anthology film)
* Tom Sawyers und Huckleberry Finns Abenteuer [de] (dir. Wolfgang Liebeneiner, 1968, TV miniseries)
* Castelul condamnaților (1969)
* Pentru că se iubesc (1972)
# 1959 Newfoundland general election

The 1959 Newfoundland general election was held on 20 August 1959 to elect members of the 32nd General Assembly of Newfoundland. It was won by the Liberal party.

## Results

| | Party | Leader | 1956 | Seats won | % change | Popular vote | (%) |
| | Liberal | Joey Smallwood | 32 | 31 | -3.1% | 75,560 | 58.0% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Malcolm Hollett | 4 | 3 | -25% | 33,002 | 25.3% |
| | Newfoundland Democratic Party* | Ed Finn, Jr. | 0 | 0 | 0% | 9,352 | 7.2% |
| | United Newfoundland | James D. Higgins | - | 2 | N/A | ** | 8.2% |
| | Other | Other | 0 | 0 | 0% | 12,411 | 1.3% |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 36 | 36 | - | 131,148 | 100% |
*The CCF supported the Newfoundland Democratic Party which was founded by the Newfoundland Federation of Labour to run candidates as a protest against the Liberal government's decertification of the International Woodworkers of America in the course of the Newfoundland Loggers' Strike. The Newfoundland Democratic Party ran eighteen candidates, none of whom was elected. The party went on to become the Newfoundland New Democratic Party in 1961.
** United Newfoundland votes included in "other" total.
# Lester Gatewood

Lester Boyd "Buddy" Gatewood (May 30, 1921 – April 9, 1965) was an American professional football player who was a center for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Baylor Bears and Tulane Green Wave.

## Biography

Gatewood was born in Dallas, Texas, and played college football at Baylor University and Tulane University. He was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the eighth round of the 1943 NFL draft and played two seasons with the team. He died in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at the age of 43 from a heart attack.
# 1971 Newfoundland general election

The 1971 Newfoundland general election was held on 28 October 1971 to elect members of the 35th General Assembly of Newfoundland. It resulted in a hung parliament as, with the support of the Labrador Party's lone MHA, the Smallwood government had the support of 21 MHAs compared to 21 for the Progressive Conservative party. Smallwood ultimately resigned in January 1972 allowing Moores' Tories to form a government but the instability in the House led to the March 24, 1972 provincial election.

## Results

Summary of the 1971 Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly election results :
| Political party | Political party | Party leader | Candidates | MHAs | MHAs | MHAs | Popular vote | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Political party | Political party | Party leader | Candidates | 1966 | 1971 | ± | # | % | ± (pp) |
| | Progressive Conservative | Frank Moores | 42 | 3 | 21 | 18 | 120,655 | 51.34% | 17.65 |
| | Liberal | Joey Smallwood | 42 | 39 | 20 | 19 | 104,523 | 44.48% | 16.85 |
| | Labrador | Tom Burgess | 3 | n/a | 1 | 1 | 5,595 | 2.38% | n/a |
| | New Democratic | John Connors | 17 | 0 | 0 | | 3,718 | 1.58% | 0.24 |
| | Independent Liberal | Independent Liberal | 3 | 0 | 0 | | 407 | 0.17% | n/a |
| | Independent | Independent | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 109 | 0.05% | 2.33 |
| Total | Total | Total | 108 | 42 | 42 | | 235,007 | 100% | |
# Star Magic

ABS-CBN Center for Communication Arts, Inc., doing business as Star Magic (formerly known as ABS-CBN Talent Center), is a Philippine talent agency owned by ABS-CBN Corporation based in Quezon City, Metro Manila. Founded in 1992, Star Magic has been one of the Philippines' leading talent management agencies for decades, and has managed many of the country's top stars.

## History

Prior to Star Magic, ABS-CBN had formed a talent management led by Freddie M. Garcia and director Lino Brocka after its reopening in 1986 following the EDSA People Power Revolution. In April 1992, Garcia, then ABS-CBN executive vice president and general manager, and Johnny Manahan, then program director, formed the idea of creating a stable of new stars exclusively for the network. Star Magic was created on May 12, 1992 to assist young talent in the Philippines, where its talents undergo training in acting, personality development and physical enhancement before contributing to the Philippine television and film industry by joining on the television shows of ABS-CBN and Star Cinema films, commercial projects, and corporate events.
On June 26, 2011, the company celebrated its 19th anniversary on ASAP Rocks. It also launched the new website and the new music video with the current artists of the company.
In 2019, Star Magic hosted a Mobile Legends: Bang Bang event with 4 teams of celebrities.
In 2020, following the expiration and subsequent denial of ABS-CBN's broadcast franchise, Manahan and Mariole Alberto stepped down, with Manahan moving to Brightlight Productions and later to Sparkle GMA Artist Center. Laurenti Dyogi was named the new head which took effect on January 1, 2021.
In 2021, Star Magic announced during its Black Pen Day Signing that they will be launching Star Magic Records, a sub label under ABS-CBN Music; Star Magic Studio, which will create content for Star Magic artists; and Star Magic Digital Artist Agency, as well as relaunching ABS-CBN Corporation's theatre arm Teatro Kapamilya.
In August 2022, certain Star Magic artists toured the United States as part of their 30th anniversary celebration, staging shows in Kings Theater, Brooklyn, The Warfield, San Francisco, and in the Saban Theatre, Beverly Hills. Prior to the US tour, the artists (except singer-songwriter SAB) staged a kick-off event at the Newport Performing Arts Theater in Resorts World Manila.
# North Baffin dialect

The North Baffin dialect (Qikiqtaaluk uannangani or Iglulingmiut) of Inuktitut is spoken on the northern part of Baffin Island, at Igloolik and the adjacent part of the Melville Peninsula, and in other Inuit communities in the far north of Nunavut, like Resolute, Grise Fiord, Pond Inlet, Clyde River, and Arctic Bay.
The governments of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories generally consider it to be a dialect of Inuktitut, due to its location in Nunavut, as do some linguists, but it is instead sometimes classified as a dialect of Inuvialuktun. However, Inuktitut and Inuvialuktun form a dialect continuum with few sharp boundaries.
The North Baffin dialect is the spoken in the film Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner.
# Predrag Marković

Predrag Marković (Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Марковић; born 7 December 1955) is a Serbian politician, author, and publisher who served as the President of the National Assembly of Serbia from 2004 to 2007 and as Minister of Culture, Media and Information Society from 2011 to 2012. A former member of G17 Plus, he also briefly served as acting President of Serbia until the election of Boris Tadić in 2004.

## Political career

Marković was President of the National Assembly of Serbia from 2004 to 2007 and the acting President of Serbia within Serbia and Montenegro between 4 March and 11 July 2004. In addition, he has been the president of the G17 Plus Management Board, the President of the G17 Plus Political Council and member of their Executive Board. In 2003, he was chosen as an honorary president of the G17 Plus Party.
During Marković's tenure as President of the National Assembly, the National Assembly unanimously returned the coat of arms, flag and anthem of Serbia on 17 August 2004 and on 5 June 2006 announced Serbia's sovereignty. Marković also organized the writing, declaring and signing of the Constitution of Serbia in 2006.
Marković was the Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia candidate for Mayor of Belgrade during the 2018 Belgrade City Assembly election. He finished with 4,291 votes.

## Literary career

Marković is a member of PEN, the Srpsko književno društvo (Serbian Literary Society) and is the former president of the Association of Publishers of Serbia and Montenegro. From 1993 to 2013, he was the owner of the Stubovi kulture (Pillars of Culture) publishing house. He has written six books and speaks Serbian, Russian, and Spanish.

## Personal life

Marković is known for keeping details from his personal life private. On 26 December 2015, Marković married Vesna (née Vujatović; born 1991). He has a son from a previous marriage.

## Published books

* L‘imun. Isceđen (1982)
* Morali bi doći nasmejani lavovi (1983)
* Otmenost duše (1989)
* Zavodnik ništavila (2017)
* Kovčeg komedijant (2018)
* David protiv Otužnog Zloduha (2020)
# Pai Chai University

Pai Chai University (Korean: 배재대학교; RR: Baejae Daehakgyo) is a private university located in Daejeon, South Korea. It is one of the oldest modern universities in the country. Its campus is located in Seo-gu, in Daejeon metropolitan city, on the lower slopes of Yeonja Mountain. It has a present-day student body of about 14,000. Undergraduate programs are administered by the Colleges of Humanities, Foreign Studies, Business Administration, Social Sciences, Tourism Management, Natural Sciences, Engineering, Performing Inter-media Arts and Fine Arts. Numerous graduate programs in these fields are provided as well.

## History

The school was founded by the missionary Henry Appenzeller in 1885, not long after the Joseon government had legalized Christianity and reformed the national educational system. At that time it was known as Baejae Hakdang (배재학당), which might be rendered as "Pai Chai Academy." It was officially established as a college in 1895.

## Symbols

The tiger is an animal that appears many times in the legend and fables of Korea, and it has both intimacy and courage. Tiger, a symbol of disembowelment, symbolizes intimacy, ambition, and bravery based on the personality and scholarship of disloyal people.
Ginkgo has been widely distributed on the earth since 150 million years ago and is very strong in cold and wind. The ginkgo tree is a symbol of exuberant tradition and prosperity of the future.
Yulan is a flower that endures the cold of winter and blooms in early spring in the spring, and is loved by many people. Symbolizing the disloyalty, Yulan is a flower that indirectly submits the sublime spirit and purity of the evicted people.

## Colleges

Pai Chai University has 6 colleges.
* College of Humanities and Social Sciences
* College of business school
* College of Life and Health
* College of AI/SW Creative Convergence
* College of Arts and Culture
* College of Ju Si Kyung (Liberal Arts)

## Graduate schools

* Graduate Programs
* Graduate School of Information and Communications
* Graduate School of International Business and Commerce
* Graduate School of Law
* Graduate School of Tourism Management
* Graduate School of Public Administration
# Oh we'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree

"Oh we'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree" (and similar) is a variant of the American folk song "John Brown's Body" that was sung by the United States military, Unionist civilians, and freedmen during and after the American Civil War. The phrase and associated imagery became relevant to the post-war legal issues surrounding the potential prosecution of former Confederate politicians and officers; the lyric was sometimes referenced in political cartoons and artworks of the time, and in political debates continuing well into the post-Reconstruction era.

## History

Jeff Davis and the sour apple tree appear in print as early as August 1861. In 1880, a U.S. Army veteran claimed credit for first singing the lyric in spring 1862 in Virginia, having taken inspiration from a prior song about a "sick monkey in a sour apple tree." In 1947 a survivor of American slavery named Perry Vaughn recalled, "I fought in Abe Lincoln's army and played the bass horn in the Army band. I can still remember, like it was yesterday, playing 'We'll Hang Jeff Davis on a Sour Apple Tree.'"
A less bloodthirsty variant was "We'll feed Jeff Davis sour apples 'til he gets the diarhee."
Richard Wright's 1938 novella Big Boy Leaves Home references a white-supremacist variant: "We'll hang ever nigger t a sour apple tree."
Jefferson Davis, the first and only president of the Confederate States of America, died of natural causes in 1889.

## Gallery

* Cover for a spin-off "The Sour Apple Tree, or Jeff Davis' Last Ditch" depicts Davis in a dress, a common image after the end of the war, as when he was captured he was reportedly wearing a woman's cloak (Edison Collection of American Sheet Music at University of Michigan via HathiTrust)
* This 1865 American political cartoon entitled "Freedom's Immortal Triumph" featured the imagery from the song (Library of Congress cph.3b35188)
* Hecklers on Andrew Johnson's Swing Around the Circle tour called upon him to hang Jeff Davis; he asked them to consider hanging Wendell Phillips and Thaddeus Stevens instead (Panel from Andy's Trip by Thomas Nast, Harper's Weekly, October 27, 1866)
* This political cartoon references the song lyric, and one of Andrew Johnson's stump-speech stock phrases ("treason must made odious"), in its critique of Horace Greeley's support for releasing Davis from Fort Monroe (Library of Congress LC-DIG-pga-09194)
* "White Front Shoe Store advertisement" (The Dayton Herald, Dayton, Ohio, February 6, 1888)
# List of organists and assistant organists of Bath Abbey

The Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Bath, commonly known as Bath Abbey, is an Anglican parish church and a former Benedictine monastery in Bath, Somerset, England.
It has had several organs since the first was installed in 1634 and multiple organists and assistant organists since the 16th century.

## Organs

The first mention of an organ in the Abbey dates to 1634, but nothing is known of this instrument. The first properly recorded organ in Bath Abbey was built by Abraham Jordan in 1708. It was modified in 1718 and 1739 by Jordan's son. The specification recorded in 1800 was one of twenty stops spread over three manuals. The abbey's next organ was built in 1836 by John Smith of Bristol, to a specification of thirty stops over three manuals and pedals. This instrument was rebuilt on a new gallery in the North Transept by William Hill & Son of London in 1868, to a specification of forty stops spread over four manuals and pedals, although the Solo department, which would have brought the total to well over forty, was not completed.
A new organ was supplied to the abbey in 1895 by Norman and Beard of Norwich. It had 52 stops spread over four manuals and pedals. It was again rebuilt in 1930, and then by Hill, Norman and Beard in 1948, which brought the number of stops to 58. In 1972 this was increased to a total of 65 speaking stops. The organ was totally reconstructed in 1997 by Klais Orgelbau of Bonn, retaining the existing instrument as far as was possible and restoring it largely to its 1895 condition, although the Positive division was kept. The instrument as it now stands has 63 speaking stops over four manuals and pedals.

### Continuo organ

A four-stop continuo organ was built for the abbey in 1999 by Northampton-based organ builder Kenneth Tickell. The instrument, contained in a case of dark oak, is portable, and can be tuned to three pitches: A=440 Hz (modern concert pitch), A=415 Hz and A=486 Hz. A lever pedal can reduce the stops sounding to only the 8' stop and, when released, returns the organ to the registration in use before it was depressed. A page about similar instruments on the builder's website can be found here.

### Organists

* Shean Bowers 2017 - 2022

### Assistant organists

* Raymond Jones 1935 – 1975 (Teacher and Organist of a Church destroyed in 1942 air raid)
* Marcus Sealy 1974 – 2005 (now Sub Organist)
* Mark Swinton 2005 – 2008
* Gary Desmond 2008 – 2010 (post abolished upon creation of new post for Assistant Director of Music)
* Dewi Rees 2023 – (post reinstated)

### Assistant Directors of Music

* Shean Bowers 2010 - 2022

### Sub Organists

* Marcus Sealy 2005 -2017

### Organ Scholars

* David Bryson 2021-22
* Alex Hemple 2023-24
* Gavin Phelps 2024-25
# Lima Barreto (director)

Lima Barreto (23 June 1906 – 23 November 1982) was a Brazilian film director and screenwriter. He directed six films between 1940 and 1961. His film O Cangaceiro was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival, where it was "much liked for its original and truly national flavour."

## Filmography

* Fazenda Velha (1940)
* Painel (1951)
* Santuário (1952)
* O Cangaceiro (1953)
* São Paulo em Festa (1954)
* A Primeira Missa (1961)
# Yanna Krupnikov

Yanna Krupnikov is a political scientist and professor of communication and media at the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. She researches political communication.

## Life

Krupnikov earned a B.A. in politics from Brandeis University. She completed a M.A. in political science at the University of Toronto. She earned a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Michigan.
Krupnikov researches political communication. From 2009 to 2012, Krupnikov was an assistant professor of political science at Indiana University Bloomington. She was an assistant professor of political science at Northwestern University from 2012 to 2014. She joined Stony Brook University in 2014 as an assistant professor and was promoted to associate professor in 2016 and professor in 2021. She joined the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan as a professor in the department of communication and media in 2023.

## Selected works

* Klar, Samara; Krupnikov, Yanna (2016). Independent Politics: How American Disdain for Parties Leads to Political Inaction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-13446-1.
* Soroka, Stuart; Krupnikov, Yanna (2021). The Increasing Viability of Good News. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-98708-0.
* Krupnikov, Yanna; Ryan, John Barry (2022). The Other Divide: Polarization and Disengagement in American Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-83112-3.
* Searles, Kathleen; Krupnikov, Yanna; Ryan, John Barry; Style, Hillary (2023). Constructing Political Expertise in the News. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-10843-0.
* Druckman, James N.; Klar, Samara; Krupnikov, Yanna; Levendusky, Matthew; Ryan, John Barry (2024). Partisan Hostility and American Democracy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-83365-1.
# List of South Korean films of 1977

A list of films produced in South Korea in 1977:
| Title | Director | Cast |
| 1977 |||||
| The Gate | Yu Hyun-mok | |
| Iodo | Kim Ki-young | Lee Hwa-shi |
| Night Voyage | Kim Soo-yong | |
| Toward That High Place | Im Won-shik | |
| Winter Woman | Kim Ho-sun | |
| A World Without Mom | Lee Won-se | Kim Jae-seong |
| Japanese Invasion in the Year of Imjin and Gye Wol-hyang 임진란과 계월향(임진왜란과 계월향) Imjinlangwa Gye Wolhyang | | Jeong Yun-hui |
| High School Champ 고교 우량아 Gogyo ulyang-a | | Jeong Yun-hui |
| Mischief's Marching Song 얄개행진곡 Yalgaehaengjingog | | Jeong Yun-hui |