OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Kozelsk

The siege of Kozelsk was one of the main events of the Western (Kipchak) March of the Mongols (1236–1242) and the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1237–1240) at the end of the Mongol campaign in northeastern Kievan Rus' (1237–1238). The Mongols laid a siege in the spring of 1238 and eventually conquered and destroyed the town of Kozelsk, one of the subsidiary princely centers of the Principality of Chernigov.

## Background

Taking the city of Torzhok on 5 March 1238 after a two-week siege, the Mongols continued to Novgorod. However, they failed to reach the city, mainly because they had difficulties moving in the woods, and after advancing around 100 kilometers at the unknown place designated in the chronicles as the Ignach Cross, they abandoned the plans to conquer Novgorod, turned south, and divided into two groups.
Some of the forces led by Kadan and Storms passed over the Eastern route through the Ryazan land. The main forces led by Batu Khan passed through Dolgomost 30 km east of Smolensk, then entered the Chernigov Principality on the upper Gums, burned Vshchizh, but then abruptly turned to the northeast, bypassing the Bryansk and Karachev, at the end of March 1238 went to the Kozelsk on the Zhizdra River.
At that time the city was the capital of the Principality at the head of twelve-year-old Prince Vasily, grandson of Mstislav Svyatoslavich of Chernigov, who was killed at the Battle of Kalka in 1223. The city was well fortified: surrounded by ramparts built on them walls, but the Mongols had powerful siege equipment.

## Reasons for the long siege

The duration of the siege, according to various versions, could be affected by several factors in different combinations, including:
* The overall decline in the fighting capacity of the Mongol army after the first phase of the campaign.
* The slush made impassable valleys of the rivers Zhizdra and into it Kozelsk Druguse and locked the Mongol army on the watershed.
* The slush turned the city into an island fortress.
* Kozelsk was appointed a place of gathering troops.
* The fanatical bravery of the Russian garrison
# Craft Wars

Craft Wars is an American reality show that premiered on June 26, 2012 on TLC. It is hosted by Tori Spelling and has contestants competing in craft challenges to win a $10,000 prize. The contestants' crafts are judged by Erica Domesek, Stephen Brown, and Jo Pearson (a longtime affiliate of Michaels).

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Original release date |
| 1 | "Summer School" | June 26, 2012 (2012-06-26) |
| 2 | "Crafting's a Beach" | July 3, 2012 (2012-07-03) |
| 3 | "Barks & Crafts" | July 10, 2012 (2012-07-10) |
| 4 | "Altar or Falter" | July 17, 2012 (2012-07-17) |
| 5 | "A Christmas Craft-tastrophe" | July 24, 2012 (2012-07-24) |
| 6 | "Bedknobs & Gluesticks" | July 31, 2012 (2012-07-31) |
| 7 | "Heavy Metal" | August 7, 2012 (2012-08-07) |
| 8 | "Trick or Trowel" | August 14, 2012 (2012-08-14) |
| 9 | "Blinded by the Light" | August 21, 2012 (2012-08-21) |
| 10 | "Pilgrim Plumbing" | August 21, 2012 (2012-08-21) |
# Yan Peng (footballer)

Yan Peng (Chinese: 闫鹏; pinyin: Yán Péng; born 27 May 1995) is a Chinese footballer who currently plays for Dalian Young Boy.

## Club career

Yan Peng joined Dalian Aerbin's youth academy in 2013 after Dalian Shide's dissolve. He was then loaned to China League Two side Liaoning Youth. On 12 May 2013, he scored his first senior goal in a 3–3 home draw with Shenyang Dongjin. In 2016, Yan was loaned to China League Two club Shenyang Urban for one season. On 23 April 2016, he made his debut in a 0–0 away draw against Baoding Yingli ETS, coming on as a substitute for Yang Jian in the half time. On 30 April 2016, he scored his first goal for the club in a 2–0 home win over Shenyang Dongjin. He scored 9 goals in 18 appearances in the 2016 season.
Yan returned to Dalian Yifang in 2017 and was promoted to the first team. On 20 April 2017, he made his debut for the club in a 2017 Chinese FA Cup match against Jiangsu Yancheng Dingli. He did not play in the league match and followed the club promote back to the Chinese Super League. He made his Super League debut on 14 April 2018 in a 2–0 away defeat to Shandong Luneng Taishan, coming on for Zhu Ting in the 77th minute.

## Career statistics

    As of 1 September 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Liaoning Youth | 2013 | China League Two | 6 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 1 |
| Dalian Yifang | 2016 | China League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Dalian Yifang | 2017 | China League One | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0 |
| Dalian Yifang | 2018 | Chinese Super League | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 11 | 0 |
| Dalian Yifang | Total | Total | 7 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Shenyang Urban (loan) | 2016 | China League Two | 18 | 9 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 18 | 9 |
| Shenzhen Pengcheng | 2019 | China League Two | 14 | 3 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 17 | 3 |
| Heilongjiang Lava Spring | 2020 | China League One | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Heilongjiang Lava Spring | 2021 | China League One | 20 | 6 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 20 | 6 |
| Heilongjiang Lava Spring | Total | Total | 25 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 6 |
| Dalian Young Boy | 2022 | Chinese Champions League | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dalian Young Boy | 2023 | China League Two | 21 | 5 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 23 | 5 |
| Dalian Young Boy | 2024 | China League One | 16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 17 | 4 |
| Dalian Young Boy | Total | Total | 37 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 9 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 107 | 27 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 119 | 28 |
* ↑ Appearances in Promotion/Relegation play-offs

## Honours
### Club

Dalian Yifang
* China League One: 2017
# Brown Tobacco Warehouse

The Brown Tobacco Warehouse is a historic warehouse building located in Louisville, Kentucky. The two-story brick structure was built in 1892. It was first occupied by John W. Brown & Brothers Tobacco Company.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
It has a two-story arched entrance for vehicles, with three narrower round-arched window bays on each side. The building is "representative of the architecture of the many tobacco warehouses built after the 1890 tornado."
# Kulti College

Kulti College is one of the general degree colleges at Kulti in Asansol, Paschim Bardhaman district, West Bengal, India. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, Commerce and sciences. It is affiliated to Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol. It was established in 1986.

## Departments
### Language

* Bengali
* English
* Sanskrit
* Hindi
* Urdu

### Social Science

* Economics
* History
* Geography
* Political Science
* Philosophy

### Science

* Physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Botany
* Zoology
* Microbiology

### Commerce

* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is affiliated to the Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol and recognised by Govt of West Bengal. The college is accredited by NAAC an autonomous Body of University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Eliyahu Ben-Elissar

Eliyahu Ben-Elissar (Hebrew: אליהו בן אלישר; 2 August 1932 - 12 August 2000) was an Israeli politician and diplomat.

## Biography

Born Eli Gottlieb in Radom in Poland in 1932, Ben-Elissar was the son of a distinguished family. His parents were Eliezer and Hela (née Dobrzynska) Gottlieb. Eliezer and his brother, Jacob, owned and operated Brago, a successful foundry. Eli was the youngest of three siblings. The eldest, a sister Diana, was born on 7 August 1923, and a brother, Nathan, was born on 21 November 1925.
Ten-year-old Gottlieb immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1942 with some members of a Radomer family named Graucher using a visa originally obtained for a son who had already been deported by the Nazis. Ironically, the name of the child whose death allowed Eli to survive was named Natan Chaim (Hebrew for "he gave life"). Gottlieb attended the Bilu School in Tel Aviv, joined the Irgun, and served in the IDF until 1965. He subsequently graduated from the University of Paris with a BA in Social Sciences and an MA in International Law and later earned a PhD at the University of Geneva-affiliated Graduate Institute of International Studies.
Being in Palestine during the latter years of the Holocaust, Ben-Elissar did not know the fate of his family until the war's end in 1945. With his father's death in the Flossenbürg concentration camp, and his mother's demise due to a tragic road accident in Germany after the war, Ben-Elissar was orphaned at the age of 14. The effects of the Holocaust were always of great and enduring significance in his life.
In 1947, Ben Elissar's sister, Diana, immigrated to the United States with her new husband, Moshe (Murray) Weinstock. Raising three children, Leo, Allen, and Elaine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Diana remained a steadfast fixture in Ben-Elissar's life. His brother, Nathan, served in the IDF during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, studied in Vienna, and emigrated to the United States in 1967 where he served as a cantor for many years. Nathan married Rochelle Kelman, and they had a daughter, Nechama.
Ben-Elissar married Diana (née Dudel), and his second wife was Nitza (née Efroni). After receiving his doctorate, Ben Elissar became a journalist and then a spokesman for the Herut party. He was appointed Director-General of the Prime Minister's Office of Menachem Begin in 1977, a position he held until 1980 when he was appointed as Israel's first ambassador to Egypt following the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty.
In 1981 he left his ambassadorial post, and was elected to the Knesset on the Likud list. During his first Knesset term he chaired the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. He was re-elected in 1984, 1988, 1992, and 1996, and again chaired the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee between 1988 and 1992.
Four months after the 1996 elections he left the Knesset to become ambassador to the United States. In 1998, he was appointed ambassador to France. He authored several books in Hebrew and in French.
He died in Paris on 12 August 2000 of cardiac arrest. He is buried in the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery in Jerusalem, next to his mother, sister, brother, brother-in-law and uncle.
# Trans-Caspian Oil Transport System

The Trans-Caspian Oil Transport System is a proposed project to transport oil through the Caspian Sea from Kazakhstani Caspian oilfields to Baku in Azerbaijan for the further transportation to the Mediterranean or Black Sea coast. The main options under consideration are an offshore oil pipeline from Kazakhstan to Azerbaijan, and construction of oil terminals and oil tankers fleet. A strong push for the project has been from the partners of the Kashagan oilfield project and in particular Total who has a share in both the field and the BTC pipeline. They have estimated that such a project would cost roughly US$4 billion. The project also faces opposition from Iran and Russia, both alternative avenues for Kazakhstan's oil and gas who would likely object to competing pipelines being built.

## History

In 2005, the Government of Kazakhstan adopted plans for creation of a trans-Caspian westbound route for oil export. On 19 June 2006, President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev and President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev signed a framework agreement on the trans-Caspian oil transport system. On 24 January 2007, partners in Tengiz Chevroil (developer of Tengiz field) and KCO (Kashagan field developer) signed a memorandum of understanding to create a trans-Caspian oil transport system. On 2 October 2009, the national oil company of Kazakhstan Kazmunaygas and the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic signed a memorandum of understanding to expand the Caspian Oil Transport System to include Azeri infrastructure and onshore pipelines from Baku to Kulevi oil terminal in Georgia.
On 6 October 2009, an agreement on the oil pipeline from Kashagan to Baku was signed by consortium of French companies during the French President Nicolas Sarkozy's visit to Kazakhstan.

## Oil pipeline

A 700-kilometre (430 mi) long oil pipeline will run from Kashagan field or Kuryk to Baku. Work for the pipeline is still in the feasibility stage according to an official from the oil company Total.

## Shuttle tankers system

The shuttle tankers system envisages a usage of oil tankers to transport oil from Kuryk terminal in Kazakhstan to Sangachal Terminal in Azerbaijan. The capacity of this system would be 500,000 barrels per day (79,000 m$^3$/d) in the initial stage, rising later up to 1.2 million barrels per day (190×10^$^3$ m$^3$/d).
# Craig Kennedy, Criminologist

Craig Kennedy, Criminologist is a syndicated American detective television series. Produced in 1951, it was the first filmed TV program to be shown in U. S. Army hospitals in other countries. Reruns were being broadcast in the United States as late as 1958.

## Overview

The series adapted the character of "pulp-novel sleuth" Craig Kennedy, a crime expert at Columbia University, to television. Donald Woods portrayed Kennedy, a character created by Arthur B. Reeve, who solved crimes by means of scientific deductions. Kennedy regularly interacted with police inspector J. J. Burke, sometimes helping Burke and sometimes being helped by him. Burke was portrayed by Syd Mason, and Lewis G. Wilson played crime reporter Walter Jameson. The supporting cast included Mara Corday, Sherry Moreland, Valerie Vernon, and Patricia Wright.

## Episodes

Partial list of episodes:
* "The False Claimant"
* "I Hate Money".
* "Murder on Stage 9"
* "The Mystery Bullet"
* "The Secret Will"
* "The Trap"

## Production

Adrian Weiss was the producer and director. Twenty-six episodes of the 30-minute black-and-white program were filmed in Hollywood at Key-West Studios. Louis Weiss & Company distributed the series. The Weiss Brothers gained sales of the show by promising that if it did not have higher ratings than its competition in its first 13 weeks, they would not charge for the second 13 weeks' episodes. At least one station, WCAU in Philadelphia, bought rights to third and fourth runs of the series. It began the third run on July 9, 1953, with plans to continue the series weekly for 12 months.

## Critical response

Ellis Walker, writing in the Daily Palo Alto Times, called the program "a class D mystery series". Walker expressed surprise at Woods's involvement in the show and suggested that the actor could not resist the money that he received.

## Conversion into films

In 1953 Anglo-Amalgamated Film Distributors Ltd. of London bought four episodes of Craig Kennedy, Criminologist with plans to combine them to create two hour-long features. The conversion also included having "a British personality" provide opening and closing narrations for the films, which were to be distributed to theaters in Great Britain.
# Titus Flavius Postumius Titianus

Titus Flavius Postumius Titianus (fl. late 3rd and 4th century AD) was a Roman politician who served as senator and consul suffectus.

## Biography

Postumius Titianus was a member of the third century gens Postumia, which was not descended from the Republican family of the same name. In his early career he was an imperial candidate for both the offices of quaestor and praetor. Before the year 291, he was either a suffect consul or perhaps adlectus inter consulares.
Around 291/292, Postumius Titianus was appointed corrector Transpadanae cognoscens vice sacra and electus ad iudicandas sacras appellationes (that is, the Corrector of Cisalpine Gaul and the officer responsible for the management of imperial judicial duties and the execution of the emperor's will). During this time he built and dedicated a temple to Sol Invictus at Comum.
In 292/293, he was the Corrector Campaniae, and was the first official who served in this capacity. This was followed in 293/294 or 294/295 by his posting as consularis aquarum et Miniciae (or the official with proconsular imperium responsible for maintaining the aqueducts and grain importation into Rome). He employed a Titus Aelius Poemenius as his assistant, who set up an inscription to Postumius Titianus when he completed his posting.
From July 295 to July 296, he was the proconsular governor of Africa Proconsularis, replacing Cassius Dio. Then in 301, he was appointed consul prior alongside Virius Nepotianus. Finally, he was appointed Praefectus urbi of Rome, a position he held from 12 February 305 to 19 March 306.
Before 295 he had been appointed to two priestly positions, that of Augur and Pontifex dei Solis. Later on in his career, Postumius Titianus was given another religious role, that of duodecemvir urbis Romae (a college created in connection with the temple of Venus and Roma dedicated by Hadrian in AD 135). He continued to serve his priestly functions into the reign of Constantine I. At some point, he was also the Curator of Lyons, Cales and another unspecified town. Postumius Titianus was also described as an orator.
Postumius Titianus was the last person who styled himself Cos. II on achieving an ordinary consulship on the basis of a previous suffect consulship.
# Archives West

Archives West is an online catalog of descriptive information about the archival collections at various institutions in the western United States (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Alaska, Utah and Washington). It was established in 2005, and is a program offering of the Orbis Cascade Alliance. From 2005 to 2015, the site was known as Northwest Digital Archives (NWDA); the name changed as part of a substantial redesign to better describe the site's content and scope.
It was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities in two phases between 2002 and 2007, and by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. Since 2007, it has been supported by the contributing institutions.
It uses Encoded Archival Description (EAD).

## Contributing institutions

* Boise State University
* Central Washington University
* Central Oregon Community College
* Confederated Tribes of the Siletz
* Eastern Oregon University
* Eastern Washington University
* George Fox University
* Lane Community College
* Lewis & Clark College
* Linfield College
* Montana Historical Society
* Montana State University
* Oregon Health & Science University
* Oregon Historical Society
* Oregon Institute of Technology
* Oregon State University
* Pacific Lutheran University
* Pacific University
* Portland State University
* Salt Lake County Archives
* Seattle Municipal Archives
* Seattle Pacific University
* Seattle Museum of History & Industry
* Seattle University
* Tacoma Public Library
* The Evergreen State College
* University of Alaska Fairbanks
* University of Idaho
* University of Montana
* University of Oregon
* University of Puget Sound
* University of Utah
* University of Washington
* Utah State University
* Washington State University
* Western Oregon University
* Western Washington University
* Whitman College
* Whitworth University
* Willamette University
# 1960 UCLA Bruins football team

The 1960 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) as a member of the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU) during the 1960 college football season. In their third-year under head coach Bill Barnes, the Bruins compiled an overall record of 7–2–1 record with a mark of 2–2 in conference play, placing third in the AAWU.
UCLA's offensive leaders in 1960 were quarterback Billy Kilmer with 1,086 passing yards each, Kilmer with 803 rushing yards, and Gene Gaines with 258 receiving yards.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | No. 7 Pittsburgh* | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 8–7 | 36,056 |
| September 24 | at Purdue* | No. 8 | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | T 27–27 | 48,542 |
| October 15 | at No. 13 Washington | No. 15 | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA | L 8–10 | 54,152 |
| October 22 | Stanford | No. 19 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 26–8 | 39,926 |
| October 29 | NC State* | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 7–0 | 27,637 |
| November 5 | at California | No. 15 | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA (rivalry) | W 28–0 | 31,000 |
| November 12 | Air Force* | No. 11 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 22–0 | 21,914 |
| November 19 | USC | No. 11 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA (Victory) | L 6–17 | 66,865 |
| November 26 | at Utah* | | Ute StadiumSalt Lake City, UT | W 16–9 | 17,099 |
| December 3 | No. 10 Duke* | | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | W 27–6 | 23,357 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||

## Roster

* QB Billy Kilmer, Sr.
# Craig Beevers

Craig Beevers is an English professional Scrabble player and former World Scrabble Champion.

## Professional career
### 2014

In the World Championship, or Scrabble Champions Tournament (SCT) as it was dubbed that year and in 2013, Beevers defeated Alastair Richards 2–1 in a best-of-three quarter-finals. He went on to beat Dave Wiegand 3–2 in a best-of-five semi-finals. After securing a 3–1 win against Chris Lipe in a best-of-five finals, Beevers became the 2014 World Scrabble Champion, and only the second Englishman to do so after Mark Nyman (1993).

### 2015

Beevers won the UK National Championship, and hit a peak rating of 2161 (World No. 7), but failed to defend his title at the 2015 World Scrabble Championship, at which he finished 9th.

### 2016

Beevers finished in 57th place (amongst a field of 72) at the MSI World Scrabble Championship 2016. He also lost his title of National Champion to Phil Robertshaw at the 2016 National Scrabble Championship in October, ending up in 14th place.

## Other endeavours

Beevers is a former contestant of the television programme. Countdown. He won series 57 of this game show, which involves finding anagrams up to 9 letters and calculated mathematical problems. He is also the webmaster for the websites of both the World English-Language Scrabble Players' Association (WESPA) and the Association of British Scrabble Players (ABSP). He and fellow Scrabble player Ray Tate attempted to break the world record for most points scored in 24 hours of Scrabble in 2012, but the effort had to be shelved after Tate "keeled over with dehydration after 15 hours of play". The duo "unofficially" broke the record a year later, according to GazetteLive. In May 2015, Beevers guest-wrote an oped for The Guardian titled "As world Scrabble champion, I think new words are obvs lolz", in response to the addition of some 6,500 new words to the official lexicon used in competitive Scrabble, Collins Official Scrabble Words published by HarperCollins. Beevers authored a book on how to "(p)lay like a Scrabble world champion" titled Word Addict; it was published by HarperCollins in 2015. The same year, as part of World Scrabble Day celebrations, Beevers took part in a 24-hour Scrabble marathon that was streamed online.

## Personal life

Craig Beevers was born and raised in Norton, County Durham, England. He attended the University of Sheffield.
# Decidable sublanguages of set theory

In mathematical logic, various sublanguages of set theory are decidable. These include:
* Sets with monotone, additive, and multiplicative Functions.
* Sets with restricted quantifiers.