OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chekhov's gun

Chekhov's gun (or Chekhov's rifle; Russian: Чеховское ружьё) is a narrative principle that states that every element in a story must be necessary and irrelevant elements should be removed. For example, if a writer features a gun in a story, there must be a reason for it, such as it being fired some time later in the plot. All elements must eventually come into play at some point in the story. Some authors, such as Hemingway, do not agree with this principle.
The principle is recorded in letters by Anton Chekhov several times, with some variation; it was advice for young playwrights.
In recent years, the term has also taken on the meaning of a plot element that is introduced early in a story, whose significance to the plot does not become clear until later. This meaning is separate from Chekhov's original intention with the principle, which relates to narrative conservation and necessity, rather than plot significance.

## Examples

The principle is carried out somewhat literally in many of the James Bond films, in which the spy is presented with new gadgets at the beginning of a mission – such as a concealed, wrist-activated dart gun in Moonraker – and typically each device serves a vital role in the story. The principle dictates that only the devices utilized later in the story may be presented. A common misconception is that the revelation itself is a Chekhov's gun plot element. There are however exceptions in the James Bond films; in Licence to Kill for example, Bond gets an instant camera with a built-in laser gun that takes X-ray pictures, but is immediately used for comedic effect and makes no further appearance in the film.

## Variations

Ernest J. Simmons, (1903–1972) writes that Chekhov repeated the same point, which may account for there being several variations.
* "One must never place a loaded rifle on the stage if it isn't going to go off. It's wrong to make promises you don't mean to keep." (Here the "gun" refers to a monologue that Chekhov deemed superfluous and unrelated to the rest of the play.)
* "Remove everything that has no relevance to the story. If you say in the first act that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third act it absolutely must go off. If it's not going to be fired, it shouldn't be hanging there." — Sergius Shchukin (1911) Memoirs.
* "If in the first act you have hung a pistol on the wall, then in the following one it should be fired. Otherwise don't put it there."

## Criticism

Ernest Hemingway mocked the principle in his essay "The art of the short story", giving the example of two characters that are introduced and then never mentioned again in his short story "Fifty Grand". Hemingway valued inconsequential details, but conceded that readers will inevitably seek symbolism and significance in them. Writer Andrea Phillips noted that assigning a single role for every detail makes a story predictable and leaves it "colorless".
Writing in 1999, Donald Rayfield noted that in Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard, contrary to Chekhov's own advice, there are two loaded firearms that are not fired. The unfired rifles tie into the play's theme of lacking or incomplete action.
# Yefim Yulyevich Uchitel

Yefim Yulyevich Uchitel (October 28, 1913 - August 18, 1988) was a Soviet cameraman, director and screenwriter of documentary films. He was a front-line cameraman during the Great Patriotic War. He got the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1976.

## Biography

Uchitel was born into a Jewish family in Tiraspol. His father worked as a typesetter at a newspaper. He died in 1918, and the family became dependent on Uchitel's older brother. His older sister worked as a cashier at a movie theater, and presumably inspired Uchitel's interest in filmmaking and photography. After finishing the seventh grade, he was sent to Leningrad to study at an industrial school. Later, he worked at the brick and mechanical plant. In 1929 he joined the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
From 1930 to 1935, Uchitel studied at the cameraman's department of the Leningrad Institute of Film Engineers. Upon graduation, he worked as an assistant cameraman, and from 1937 he worked as a cameraman at the Leningrad studio of newsreels. During the Soviet-Finnish war he took part in filming the documentary Mannerheim Line.
From June 1941, he worked as a cameraman and director in the film group of the Leningrad Front and the 67th Army.
From 1964, he was head of the Lenkinochronik.
Throughout his career, Uchitel made more than 50 documentaries.

## Awards

* Medal "For the Defence of Leningrad"
* Order of the Red Star
* Order of the Patriotic War (First class)
* People's Artist of the USSR
* Vasilyev Brothers State Prize of the RSFSR
# Roanmore GAA

Roanmore GAA (Irish: Ruánmhór) is a GAA club in Waterford City, Republic of Ireland. Formed in 1970, the club made rapid progress, achieving Senior Hurling status in 1980. The club's greatest achievement was winning back to back Waterford Senior Hurling Championships in 1989 and 1990.
The club has provided many players to the Waterford Senior Hurling Panel over the years, most notably, Noel Crowley and Kieran Delahunty. In 2010 Roanmore secured a return to the senior ranks with a victory over Ardmore in the Intermediate County final in Dungarvan.

## Honours

* Waterford Senior Hurling Championships: 2
** 1989, 1990
* Waterford Premier Intermediate Football Championship : 1
** 2023
* Waterford Intermediate Hurling Championships: 1
** 2010
* Waterford Intermediate Football Championship : 1
** 2022
* Waterford Junior Hurling Championships 2
** 1980 2024
* Waterford Junior Hurling Championships – Attached 1
** 2010
* Waterford Junior Football Championships: 2
** 1980, 2020
* Waterford Under-21 Hurling Championships: 2
** 1981, 1982
* Waterford Under-21 Football Championships: 1
** 1984
* Waterford Minor Hurling Championships Division 1: 3
** 1977, 1979, 1981
* Waterford Minor Hurling Championships Division 2: 3
** 2010, 2016, 2021
* Waterford Minor Football Championships: 1
** 1977
# Robert Byrne (Australian politician)

Robert Byrne (1821 – 24 March 1909) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia) and Treasurer of Victoria September 1869 to 21 January 1870.
Byrne was born in Waterford, Ireland, the son of Robert Byrne. He left Ireland for New York City in 1848, and settled there, carrying on the business of general auctioneer in that city as well as in Boston. Towards the end of 1852 he left America for Victoria, arriving in Melbourne. In February 1853, he commenced auctioneering at Sandridge, now called Port Melbourne, and represented the district in the Melbourne Corporation prior to its being constituted a separate municipality.
At the general election of 1864 Byrne contested Sandridge for a seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly in the Liberal interest against the Hon. David Moore, but was defeated by three votes, and was unsuccessful on petition. Shortly afterwards he was returned for Crowlands by a very large majority. In 1869, when Sir James McCulloch went outside the House for a Commissioner of Customs, Byrne carried a motion censuring the Government, which was taken by them as a vote of want of confidence, on which they resigned, a new Ministry being formed on 20 September 1869, with the Hon John Alexander MacPherson as Chief Secretary and Byrne as Treasurer. When, however, the latter sought re-election at the hands of his constituents, he was defeated by George Rolfe, the gentleman to whose appointment he had objected, and retired from office on 21 January 1870, being succeeded by Graham Berry. Byrne did not re-entered public life unsuccessfully contesting the upper house seats of Central Province in 1878, Melbourne Province in 1888, and the lower house seat of Avoca in 1880.
Byrne died in Richmond, Victoria on 24 March 1909 aged 88 years.
# Robert Oliphant (rugby union)

Robert Oliphant (1 December 1864 – 18 January 1956) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A wing-forward, Oliphant represented Manawatu, Wellington, Auckland and Hawke's Bay at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1893 and 1896. He played three games for the All Blacks but did not appear in any test matches.
In 1897, Oliphant was awarded the silver medal of the Royal Humane Society of Australasia for saving a girl, Margaret Purnell, from drowning in Auckland Harbour on 29 May 1896.
Following the death of Sir Henry Braddon in 1955, Oliphant held the distinction of being the oldest living All Black. He died on 18 January 1956 in Auckland and was buried at O'Neill's Point Cemetery in Bayswater.
In January 1915, Oliphant volunteered for the New Zealand Expeditionary Force and gave his date of birth as 22 January 1872, but it is likely that he falsified this so that he would be considered young enough for service. He served in Samoa throughout the war, reaching the rank of armourer sergeant.
# Project Turnaround

Project Turnaround was a private youth detention centre for male young offenders between 16 and 18 years of age that operated from 1997 to 2004 in Hillsdale, Ontario, Canada. The facility held up to 32 high-risk youths at a time who were serving sentences for crimes such as assault, robbery, forcible confinement, escape, and weapons charges. Youth serving sentences for crimes such as murder, arson, and sexual assault were not eligible for admission to Project Turnaround. The program had an annual budget of CA$2.3 million.

## History

Project Turnaround operated on a boot camp approach, part of a tough on crime response to increasing youth incarceration rates by the government of Premier Mike Harris. Solicitor General Bob Runciman stated that Project Turnaround was "about getting people up at six o'clock in the morning [and] reducing the kind of privileges [young offenders] have currently across the system." Harris' campaign in the 1995 provincial election explicitly used the term "boot camps" to refer to plans for strict youth detention facilities, but the provincial government and Encourage Youth Corporation both later objected to that label being applied to Project Turnaround.
Youth held in the facility were subjected to high-intensity daily activities that lasted approximately 16 hours under a program of military-style discipline. The program—designed to be "more than a boot camp" according to Project Turnaround owner Sally Walker in a 2003 interview— was meant to instill respect and accountability, build productive skills, and offer educational and vocational programming to those who were predicted to re-offend. The provincial government touted the program as a success, reporting that the rate of recidivism among youth who had been through Project Turnaround was 33 percent compared to 50 percent at public youth centres, and Public Security Minister Bob Runciman announced a plan in 2003 to expand the strict-discipline youth detention model across the province. Other researchers, such as University of Toronto criminologist Anthony Doob, stated those claims were not shown by the government's own data and that youths passing through Project Turnaround were not any less likely to re-offend.
In February 2003 the establishment had a mould outbreak requiring temporary transfer of 24 offenders to other provincial institutions. Following the change of government in the 2003 provincial election, new Minister of Community Safety and Correctional Services Monte Kwinter announced that the contract for Project Turnaround would not be renewed. Kwinter cited the high cost and small population of the program as the reason for the decision and stated that youth correctional services would be better provided through government-run programs. In a December 2003 interview, Walker disagreed that the program did not provide value for money and claimed that Project Turnaround was under-capacity due to judges being more lenient on youth following changes to the Youth Criminal Justice Act.
All youth at Project Turnaround were relocated to public youth detention centres in December 2003 and the facility was formally closed on January 31, 2004.
# Burgenland Roma

Burgenland Roma are a subgroup of Romani people in Austria who traditionally settled in Burgenland. The Burgenland Roma speak a Romani dialect for which the past imperfect tense ending is -ahi. The Burgenland Roma are related to groups of Romani people in southern Slovakia, Slovenia and in a few settlements in northern Hungary. Traditional professions of the Burgenland Roma are blacksmith trade and music.
# Colton Hunchak

Colton Hunchak (born September 25, 1997) is a Canadian professional football wide receiver who is currently a free agent.

## University career

Hunchak played U Sports football for the York Lions from 2015 to 2018.

## Professional career
### Calgary Stampeders

Hunchak was drafted with the last selection, 73rd overall, in the 2019 CFL Draft by the Calgary Stampeders and signed with the team on May 13, 2019. He played in 28 games in his first two seasons catching 16 passes in both seasons, for a combined total of 478 yards. He re-signed with the Calgary Stampeders on January 6, 2021. In his third season in the league, Hunchak played in 14 games and contributed with six receptions for 69 yards.
Hunchak and the Stampeders agreed to another contract extension on December 15, 2022. He played in just eight games in 2023 where he had seven receptions for 59 yards. He became a free agent upon the expiry of his contract on February 13, 2024. He remained unsigned at the start of training camp in 2024, but was re-signed by the Stampeders on May 29, 2024, following a season-ending injury to fellow receiver Malik Henry. However, he was part of the final training camp cuts on June 1, 2024.

### Saskatchewan Roughriders

On September 24, 2024, it was announced that Hunchak had signed with the Saskatchewan Roughriders.
On February 11, 2025, he became a free agent.
# Minami-Shinjuku Station

Minami-Shinjuku Station (南新宿駅, Minami-Shinkuju-eki) is a railway station on the Odakyu Odawara Line in Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway.

## Station layout

The station has two side platforms serving two tracks.

### Platforms

| 1 | OH Odakyū Odawara Line | for Machida, Hon-Atsugi and Odawara OH Hakone-Tozan Railway for Hakone-Yumoto OE Odakyu Enoshima Line for Fujisawa and Katase-Enoshima |
| 2 | OH Odakyu Odawara Line | for Shinjuku |

## History

The station first opened on 1 April 1927 as Sendagaya-Shinden Station (千駄ヶ谷新田駅). On 1 July 1931, it was renamed Odakyu-Honsha-mae Station (小田急本社前駅), and on 1 May 1942, it became Minami-Shinjuku.
Station numbering was introduced to the Odakyu terminal in 2014 with Minami-Shinjuku being assigned station number OH02.

## Surrounding area

* Odakyu Minami-Shinjuku Building (Former Odakyu Head Office Building)
* Odakyu Southern tower
* Yoyogi Station (Yamanote Line, Chūō-Sōbu Line, Toei Oedo Line)
* Shinjuku Station
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Wirt County, West Virginia

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Wirt County, West Virginia.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wirt County, West Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a Google map.
There are 6 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 21, 2025.
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Contents: Counties in West Virginia :
* Barbour -
* Berkeley -
* Boone -
* Braxton -
* Brooke -
* Cabell -
* Calhoun -
* Clay -
* Doddridge -
* Fayette -
* Gilmer -
* Grant -
* Greenbrier -
* Hampshire -
* Hancock -
* Hardy -
* Harrison -
* Jackson -
* Jefferson -
* Kanawha -
* Lewis -
* Lincoln -
* Logan -
* Marion -
* Marshall -
* Mason -
* McDowell -
* Mercer -
* Mineral -
* Mingo -
* Monongalia -
* Monroe -
* Morgan -
* Nicholas -
* Ohio -
* Pendleton -
* Pleasants -
* Pocahontas -
* Preston -
* Putnam -
* Raleigh -
* Randolph -
* Ritchie -
* Roane -
* Summers -
* Taylor -
* Tucker -
* Tyler -
* Upshur -
* Wayne -
* Webster -
* Wetzel -
* Wirt -
* Wood -
* Wyoming

## Current listings

| | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town |
| 1 | Beauchamp-Newman House | Beauchamp-Newman House More images | July 24, 1974 (#74002021) | Court St. 39°03′52″N 81°23′37″W﻿ / ﻿39.064444°N 81.393611°W﻿ / 39.064444; -81.393611﻿ (Beauchamp-Newman House) | Elizabeth |
| 2 | Buffalo Church | Buffalo Church | January 29, 1990 (#89001781) | Junction of County Routes 14 and 28 38°57′58″N 81°25′16″W﻿ / ﻿38.966111°N 81.421111°W﻿ / 38.966111; -81.421111﻿ (Buffalo Church) | Palestine |
| 3 | Burning Springs Complex | Burning Springs Complex | May 6, 1971 (#71000884) | Along the northern bank of the Kanawha River from the confluence of Burning Springs Run 38°59′31″N 81°19′11″W﻿ / ﻿38.991944°N 81.319722°W﻿ / 38.991944; -81.319722﻿ (Burning Springs Complex) | Burning Springs |
| 4 | Kanawha Hotel | Kanawha Hotel | November 25, 1986 (#86003232) | 111 Court St. 39°03′52″N 81°23′36″W﻿ / ﻿39.064444°N 81.393333°W﻿ / 39.064444; -81.393333﻿ (Kanawha Hotel) | Elizabeth |
| 5 | Ruble Church | Ruble Church | April 9, 1982 (#82004332) | Junction of CR 34/1 and 34/2 39°00′07″N 81°18′29″W﻿ / ﻿39.001944°N 81.307917°W﻿ / 39.001944; -81.307917﻿ (Ruble Church) | Burning Springs |
| 6 | Wirt County Courthouse | Wirt County Courthouse | August 25, 2004 (#04000918) | Washington St. 39°03′49″N 81°23′39″W﻿ / ﻿39.063611°N 81.394167°W﻿ / 39.063611; -81.394167﻿ (Wirt County Courthouse) | Elizabeth |
# Vermilion Lakes

The Vermilion Lakes are a series of lakes located immediately west of Banff, Alberta, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.
The three lakes are formed in the Bow River valley, in the Banff National Park, at the foot of Mount Norquay. They are located between the Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks. A hot spring is found at the third lake.

## History

Archeological evidence proves human activity around the lakes dating back 10,800 years. The site was excavated by Parks Canada's Daryl Fedje, and found remains of campsites and obsidian tools.

## Activities

Activities on and around the lakes include canoeing, kayaking, standup paddleboarding, wildlife watching, birdwatching, and hiking. The shorelines along Vermilion Lakes Drive are popular locations for sunrise and sunset photography.

## Image gallery

* Mount Rundle and Sulphur Mountain as seen from the reeds along the shore of one of the Vermilion Lakes in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada.
* Winter Vermilion Lakes
* Mount Rundle through the haze of wildfire smoke, as seen from the middle of Vermilion Lake one
# Templepatrick, County Westmeath (civil parish)

Templepatrick (Irish: Teampall Phádraig) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland, located about 19 km (12 mi) west of Mullingar.
Templepatrick is one of 9 civil parishes in the barony of Rathconrath in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 2,148.2 acres (8.693 km$^2$). It includes the small village of Moyvore and 5 townlands: Moyvore, Templepatrick, Beltacken, Rahadorrish and Tonlemony.
The neighbouring civil parishes are: Piercetown to the north, Ballymorin to the south–east, Killare to the south–west and Forgney (County Longford) to the west.
# Mon Rodríguez

Ramón Luis "Mon" Rodríguez Soto (5 November 1928 – 13 November 2006), also known as Mon Rodríguez, was a Costa Rican footballer who played professionally in the Mexican Primera División.
He also represented Costa Rica at international level.

## Club career

Born in Tibás, San José, Rodríguez played as a forward. He began his career with local side Orión. He made his Costa Rican Primera División debut with Orión in 1949, scoring 13 goals in his first season.
Rodríguez began playing professional football with Mexican Primera División side Irapuato in 1954. Four seasons later, he moved to El Salvador to play for Dragón and Águila. Next, Rodríguez began a career as a player-manager, first with Luis Ángel Firpo, Zelaya and Progreso of Honduras. In 1965, he returned to Costa Rica where he retired from playing and managed local side Nicoya.

## International career

Rodríguez scored two goals in three appearances for the Costa Rica national football team, helping the side win the 1953 CCCF Championship.

## Personal life

Rodríguez worked for many years at the Banco Popular, retiring in 1990. He was married and had two children. He died in November 2006.
# Shane Walsh (Waterford hurler)

Shane Walsh (born 1983) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Fourmilewater and Gaelic football with The Nire–Fourmilewater. He played at inter-county level with Waterford.
Walsh scored the winning goal for Waterford in the 2003 Munster under-21 football final, against a Kerry team that included Colm Cooper and Kieran Donaghy. Walsh won the Waterford Senior Football Championship but lost the Munster Senior Club Football Championship final with The Nire–Fourmilewater in 2006. In October 2014, Walsh retired from inter-county hurling.
# The Eye of God (Big Bear)

The Eye of God (Serrano: Hatauva) is a quartz dome which is a landmark in the Baldwin Lake area near Big Bear City, California. It is a megalith which is a sacred tribal landmark for the native Yuhaaviatam "People of the Pines," a clan of Serrano people who have lived in the region for at least 2,000 years.
The Serranos worshipped the dome, which they referred to as the eye of their creator Kruktat (Kokitach). It is where the Serrano's creation narrative takes place. The Serrano Native Americans still hold the place sacred and believe God's spirit remains here. Legend says God was watching to make sure the natives treated one another well. Originally a full dome, it was dynamited during 1940s as it was believed it to be full of gold.
Their creation stories involves a God, Kruktat, who created the People. After falling ill, Kruktat journeyed to the mountains where he lay dying in a bear cave. Tended by the First People, he was taken to Maktsuk, today called Pan Hot Springs, where he was bathed by human caretakers. Knowing he was dying, Kruktat instructed the People to cremate him and protect his body from Coyote, who eats dead things. Kruktat died near present-day Baldwin Lake. During the cremation the eye of Kruktut flew out and became the giant snow quartz megalith known as Aapahunane’t, or God's Eye. Coyote snuck through the bowed legs of bear and snatched Kruktat's heart in his mouth. The people hit Coyote, and as he ran into the mountains above Baldwin Lake, the dripping blood turned the rocky soil red. When the creator died the people mourned and their tears turned into pine trees, the area called Yuhaaviat. The nuts from the trees became food for the Yuhaaviatam, or People of the Pines.
# Bartlett Mangum House

Bartlett Mangum House, also known as Clair's Cafe, is a historic home located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. It was built in 1908, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, Classical Revival style frame dwelling. It consists of the main block, three bays wide and two bays deep, with projecting polygonal side bays and a one-story rear ell. It features a high hipped roof, projecting gabled dormers and tall chimneys, and a two-tier portico carried by massive stuccoed Doric order columns. After ceasing residential usage in the 1960s, the building has housed a church, a retail clothes store, and restaurant.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.