OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tremissis

The tremissis or tremis (Greek: τριμίσιον, trimision) was a small pure gold coin of Late Antiquity. Its name, meaning "a third of a unit", formed by analogy with semissis (half of a unit), indicated its value relative to the solidus. It was introduced into Roman currency in the 380s by the Emperor Theodosius I and initially weighed 8 siliquae (equivalent to 1.52 grams).
Roman tremisses continued to be commonly minted into the reign of Leo III (717–741), but thereafter they were only rarely struck in the east of the empire, probably only for ceremonial uses, until the reign of Basil I (867–886), after which they disappeared. Nevertheless, the coin continued in common use in the Sicilian theme until the fall of Syracuse in 878. The trachy, introduced in the 11th century, was equivalent in value to the old tremissis. Although it was not made of gold, it was one third of the standard golden hyperpyron. It was not, however, called tremissis.
Outside of the Roman empire, tremisses were minted by the Anglo-Saxons, Burgundians, Franks, Frisians, Lombards, Ostrogoths, Suevi and Visigoths between the 5th and 8th centuries. The word tremissis was borrowed into Old English as thrymsa.
In Frankish sources, the tremissis is sometimes called a triens, a term likewise meaning "a third", which originally referred to a bronze coin worth a third of an as. The historian and bishop Gregory of Tours calls the Frankish tremissis a trians or treans. The German form dremise is also attested. In French historiography the term tiers (third) or tiers de sou (third of a solidus) is often used. The French, in general, prefer to call the coin of the Merovingian kings a triens (but avoiding the plural form trientes), while British scholarship prefers tremissis.
It was still used as an accounting currency until at least the 12th century in Sardinia. It appears as tremisse in the condaghe.
# Dr AB Xuma Local Municipality

Dr AB Xuma Local Municipality (previously Engcobo Municipality) is a local municipality within the Chris Hani District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Ngcobo is an isiXhosa word for a sweet grass found in the area.

## Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Population |
| Amantondo | 22401 | 132.82 | 7,033 |
| Amaqwati | 22402 | 167.65 | 16,863 |
| Dumalisile | 22403 | 128.98 | 8,330 |
| Ngcobo | 22404 | 26.55 | 6,124 |
| Gqutyini | 22405 | 259.73 | 12,165 |
| Hala | 22406 | 185.31 | 13,339 |
| Jumba | 22407 | 279.27 | 16,774 |
| Luhewini | 22408 | 149.02 | 14,707 |
| Moshi | 22409 | 171.90 | 11,447 |
| Sidindi | 22410 | 386.90 | 23,005 |
| Singqumeni | 22411 | 166.64 | 6,113 |
| Tara | 22412 | 46.35 | 3,190 |
| Upper Gqobonco | 22413 | 157.67 | 9,319 |

## Politics

The municipal council consists of thirty-nine members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twenty councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twenty wards, while the remaining nineteen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021, the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of thirty-two seats on the council. The following table shows the results of the election.
| Party | Party | Ward | Ward | Ward | List | List | List | Total seats |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats |
| | African National Congress | 26,473 | 81.92 | 20 | 26,445 | 82.07 | 12 | 32 |
| | Economic Freedom Fighters | 1,774 | 5.49 | 0 | 1,804 | 5.60 | 2 | 2 |
| | United Democratic Movement | 1,643 | 5.08 | 0 | 1,635 | 5.07 | 2 | 2 |
| | African Transformation Movement | 965 | 2.99 | 0 | 981 | 3.04 | 1 | 1 |
| | Democratic Alliance | 506 | 1.57 | 0 | 436 | 1.35 | 1 | 1 |
| | Pan Africanist Congress of Azania | 256 | 0.79 | 0 | 272 | 0.84 | 1 | 1 |
| | Independent candidates | 141 | 0.44 | 0 | | | | 0 |
| | 5 other parties | 557 | 1.72 | 0 | 648 | 2.01 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 32,315 | 100.00 | 20 | 32,221 | 100.00 | 19 | 39 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 32,315 | 98.27 | | 32,221 | 98.03 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 568 | 1.73 | | 647 | 1.97 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 32,883 | 100.00 | | 32,868 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 70,369 | 46.73 | | 70,369 | 46.71 | | |
# Grigory Sukochev

Gregory Sukochev (born 18 February 1988, in Tashkent) is an Australian volleyball player. He competed for Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Panika

The Panika are a Hindu community found in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. Traditionally they are weaver. They are also known as Panka and Panikar.

## Etymology

They used to made Pankha(fan). Panika is mispronounced name of Pankha.

## Official classification

The classification of the Panika under India's system of positive discrimination varies from one state to another. The entire community had been classified as a Scheduled Tribe (ST) by the Government of India in 1949 but in 1971 the Government of Madhya Pradesh redesignated those in what was then that state's Chhattisgarh region as being an Other Backward Class (OBC). The OBC designation was maintained when the independent Chhattisgarh state was created in 2001 and it remains thus as of 2018 although as recently as 2013 politicians had promised to investigate whether they could be reclassified as an ST. In Madhya Pradesh, as of 2018, they are categorised as an ST in some districts and as OBC in others.
The varying reservation status has an effect when Panikas marry. A spokesman interviewed in 2013 noted that "If a girl comes to Chhattisgarh after marrying, she will have to loss her tribal credential. If a boy from Madhya Pradesh marries a girl from Chhattisgarh, she will get the recognition of a tribal."
# Web hosting control panel

A web hosting control panel is a web-based interface provided by a web hosting service that allows users to manage their servers and hosted services. Examples include cPanel, Plesk, ispmanager, My20i, CloudPanel, OpenPanel, and Enhance. For more examples, see comparison of web hosting control panels.
Web hosting control panels can include the following modules:
* Web server (e.g. Apache HTTP Server, Nginx, Internet Information Services)
* Domain Name System server
* Mail server, spam filter, and Webmail
* File Transfer Protocol server
* Database
* File manager
* System monitor
* Web log analysis software
* Firewall
* phpMyAdmin
* Content Delivery Network
# Winterline

Winterline or winter line is the term used to describe the false horizon that is formed at dusk and is visible from certain mountainous parts of the world. The reason for its formation is not clear, but it has been reported that "experts" believe it occurs due to refraction of light when the dust particles, moisture, and smog, rising from the plains below, meet the cooler mountain air, and a 'second horizon' is formed. It is visible from many places throughout the Himalayas and is very prominent from Mizoram, and Mussoorie and Hilly regions of Uttarakhand and Nahan, Himachal Pradesh in India between October and February, and the local Mussoorie Winterline Carnival is named after the phenomenon. Apart from India, winterline occurs in the Swiss Alps.

## Gallery

* Winterline as visible from Mizoram
* Winterline Sunset view from Serkawn, Lunglei, Mizoram.
* Winterline view with Lunglei in frame.
* Winterline above the Doon Valley
* Winterline as visible from Mussoorie
* Winterline as visible from Landour near Mussoorie
* Winterline and the hill station Mussoorie in the foreground
# Julie Coulombe

Julie Coulombe is an American politician from Alaska serving as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives since 2023.

## Electoral history
### 2024
#### Primary

2024 Nonpartisan primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Julie Coulombe (incumbent) | 1,549 | 53.0 |
| | Independent | Walter Featherly | 1,376 | 47.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,925 | 100.0 |

#### General

2024 Alaska House of Representatives election, District 11 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Julie Coulombe (incumbent) | 4,836 | 52.6 |
| | Independent | Walter Featherly | 4,341 | 47.2 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 17 | 0.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 9,194 | 100.0 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
# Gopalnagar, North 24 Parganas

Gopalnagar is a village and a gram panchayat in the Bangaon CD block in the Bangaon subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Gopalnagar is located at 23°03′53″N 88°45′38″E﻿ / ﻿23.06479°N 88.760568°E﻿ / 23.06479; 88.760568.

### Area overview

The area shown in the map was a part of Jessore district from 1883. At the time of Partition of Bengal (1947) the Radcliffe Line placed the police station areas of Bangaon and Gaighata of Jessore district in India and the area was made a part of 24 Parganas district.
The renowned novelist Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay (of Pather Panchali fame) belonged to this area and many of his writings portray his experience in the area.
It is a flat plain located in the lower Ganges Delta.
In the densely populated area, 16.33% of the population lives in the urban areas and 83.67% lives in the rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Civic administration
### Police station

Gopalnagar police station covers an area of 169 km$^2$ and serves a population of 380,793. It has jurisdiction over Bangaon CD Block.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Gopalnagar had a total population of 2,174, of which 1,106 (51%) were males and 1,068 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 199. The total number of literate persons in Gopalnagar was 1,688 (85.47% of the population over 6 years).

## Economy

There four banks located in the village, belonging to the Gopalnagar branch of the State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bandhan Bank & RBL Bank.

## Transport

SH 1 runs through Gopalnagar.
Gopalnagar-Ranaghat road via Majhergram, Gopalnagar-Duttapulia road via sindrani, and Gopalnagar-Chowberia road are some important roads of Gopalnagar.
Gopalnagar railway station is part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system. It is located on the Bangaon–Ranaghat line.

### Bus service

* Route 20-Chakdaha-Bangaon (via Bishnupur, Gopalnagar)
* Route 28-Chakdaha-Bangaon (via Nimtala, Gopalnagar)
* Route 95-Ashoknagar-Bangaon (via Habra, Gopalnagar)

## Education

Gopalnagar Haripada Institution is a boys school from V to X and co-educational school from XI to XII. The renowned author Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay taught in this school.
Gopalnagar Giribala Balika Vidyalaya is a girls only higher secondary school.

## Notable residents

* Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
# Carmen Campos

Carmen Campos Costa (born 10 July 1995) is a Spanish female handballer for Borussia Dortmund Handball and the Spanish national team.
She won the gold medal at the 2018 Mediterranean Games.
# William Bradley (giant)

William Bradley (10 February 1787 – 30 May 1820), known more commonly as Giant Bradley or the Yorkshire Giant, was a British man known as one of the tallest to ever live, measuring 7 feet 9 inches (2.36 m), the same height as Angus MacAskill from Scotland.

## Biography

Born in Market Weighton within the East Riding of Yorkshire, William was the fourth son in a family of thirteen and weighed 14 pounds (6.35 kg) at birth. His father, a master tailor (Note: Market Weighton parish registers instead say he was a Butcher) measured 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m), while his siblings and mother Anne were of average size, although one sister who died in an accident at age 16 was tall.
He was said to have been teased at school because of his height, though many students were scared of him. Teachers at the school were said to have punished misbehaving students by getting Bradley to lift them onto high cross beams, until the teacher decided to have them taken down again. After leaving school he worked on a farm near the town of Pocklington, earning less than 10 shillings (50p) a week.

### The Yorkshire Giant

Bradley travelled with a group of showmen under the alias of the Yorkshire Giant; at the time, the freak shows were popular and would draw large crowds. As the tallest British man, Bradley was a prized asset in the business joining the huge Yorkshire Pig which was bred in Sancton two miles from Market Weighton.
After touring many fairs up and down the country, including the Hull Fair, he parted from his minder by 1815 to manage himself. He would charge a shilling for each person to visit him in a room which he hired in various towns. He was even presented before King George III at Windsor who gave him a large golden watch on a chain, which he wore for the rest of his life.
Bradley died aged 33 in his hometown of Market Weighton, where he was buried inside the church because of fears of graverobbing. His house still stands on Market Hill. The A1079 road which passes Market Weighton is named Giant Bradley Way.

## Giant Community Day

An annual festival is organised in memory of William Bradley in his home town of Market Weighton. The event has been held annually in July since 1996 and is attended by hundreds of people in the town. It is a family-oriented event with games, amusement rides, stalls and other attractions, including the famous "Weighton Lash". Christopher Greener, who was the tallest living European for a period of time, has taken part in the celebrations in the past.
# Adolph I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein

Adolph I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1307 – 17 January 1370) was a son of Count Gerlach I and Agnes of Hesse. In 1344, his father abdicated in favor of his sons. They ruled jointly until 1355, then divided their inheritance:
* Adolph I inherited Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (this line died out in the male line in 1605)
* John I inherited Nassau-Weilburg (this line died out in the male line in 1912)
* Rupert inherited Nassau-Sonnenberg (he died childless in 1390)

## Marriage and issue

In 1322 Adolph married Margaret of Nuremberg, the daughter of Frederick IV, Burgrave of Nuremberg. They had the following children:
* Gerlach II (1333–1386), inherited Nassau-Wiesbaden
* Frederick (d. 1376) was minister in Mainz
* Agnes (d. 1376), married Werner IV, Count of Wittgenstein
* John
* Margaret was abbess of Klarenthal Monastery
* Elisabeth (d. 1389), married in 1361 to Diether VIII, Count of Katzenelnbogen
* Adolph I of Nassau (1353–1390), Archbishop of Mainz from 1379
* John II (1353–1420), Archbishop of Mainz from 1397
* Anna was abbess of Klarenthal Monastery
* Walram IV (1354–1393), inherited Nassau-Idstein
* Catherine (d. 1403), married in 1373 to Reinhard IV, Count of Westerburg
* Frederick
* Walram II
* Joanna

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Adolph I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein :
Adolph I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein House of NassauBorn: 1307 Died: 17 January 1370 :
| Preceded byGerlach I | Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein 1344–1370 | Succeeded byGerlach IIas Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden |
| Preceded byGerlach I | Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein 1344–1370 | Succeeded byWalram IVas Count of Nassau-Idstein |
* This article about a German count is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Matt Rich (rower)

Matt Rich (born April 30, 1975) is a retired American rower.
Rich was born in 1975 in Westmont, United States. He rowed for Princeton TC and took up rowing in 1994. At the 2003 World Rowing Championships in Milan, Italy, he won a gold medal in the men's coxed pair, alongside Dan Beery as stroke and Andrew Kelly as coxswain.
# Ivo Karamanski

Ivo Karamanski (Bulgarian: Иво Карамански; November 29, 1959 in Sofia, Bulgaria – December 20, 1998) was a reputed Bulgarian mobster.

## Biography

His life was difficult from the very beginning with his mother dying when he was only four years old. In 1981 he became National and Balkan rowing champion. A colorful underworld character in the Bulgarian Mafia, he was reputed to be a killer "who never even shot a gun". His nickname was "the Godfather" and they also called him "Capo di tutti Capi". His personal signature and phrase was "The good boys go in heaven, the bad ones wherever they want (like) to". He was also reportedly an informant for the communist State Security.
During his career, he founded the "Korona-ins" insurance company, and co-owned 20 other small companies.
Karamanski and his bodyguard were gunned down in 1998 in what police termed a drunken quarrel.
# Klughaus Gallery

Klughaus Gallery is an art gallery and agency based in New York City that exhibits and represents artists with roots in graffiti and street culture.

## History

Klughaus opened as a brick in mortar gallery space at 47 Monroe Street in the Two Bridges neighborhood of Manhattan in December 2011, leading off with the “Home for the Holidays” exhibition, which included works by artists Faust and Katsu. The showroom was described as “steeped in downtown aesthetic of urban graffiti culture”. Klughaus launched dozens of exhibits, pop up shops, interactive installations, and various other events that earned the gallery such praise as “One of the coolest spots in Manhattan’s Lower East Side…” and one of the “Top 10 Most Important Graffiti Moments of 2012”.
In addition to other major shows around the US, Klughaus held exhibits at Miami Art Basel in both 2012 and 2013.
In 2014, Klughaus arranged for a mural to be painted on a "Graffiti Free NYC" wall at 1 Allen Street in Chinatown, enlisting DCEVE and Smart Crew for the postcard like "Greetings from Chinatown" piece.
Klughaus artists include Ricky Powell.
# Loch Lomond (Thunder Bay District)

Loch Lomond is a large spring-fed lake located 102 metres (335 ft) above Lake Superior, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. It is located in behind Mount McKay, in the Fort William First Nation and Neebing Municipality. Loch Lomond is considered to be a deep oligotrophic lake. The natural re-charge level of Loch Lomond from underground spring water is estimated at 57,100 m$^3$ (12,600,000 imp gal) per day.
It is approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) long and averages about 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) in width. The extreme depths over most of its area causes the greater part of Loch Lomond to become stratified each summer and has characteristically low temperatures in the hypolimnion.

## History

This body of water bore the Ojibwe name Gaa-zaasaagijiwegamaag (recorded as "kazazeekeege waigamag") meaning "the high lake that is always overflowing", but a Scotsman of the North West Company thought it so much looked like the original Loch Lomond that he named it as such.
During the year 1906 the city of Fort William began tunnelling through the rock of Mount McKay and laying water pipe, but it was not until 1909 that the first water flowed through the pipes and into the homes of residents of Fort William. The engineering department of the city of Fort William was headed by city engineer H. Sydney Hancock Jr., who was Waterworks engineer from February 1906 to February 1911. He was in charge of the construction of the Loch Lomond Water Supply system. Fort William's water supply was contaminated in 1906 leading to a typhoid epidemic. The City Council's response was to construct a tunnel under the Kaministiquia River to bring pure water to Fort William from Loch Lomond. Tunnels were drilled through Mount McKay to the Loch at a final cost of $500,000. The system was completed in 1910. In 2006, the Bare Point Water Treatment Plant on Thunder Bay was expanded to serve the entire city from a single source.
In order to prevent pollution all activities including travel and fishing are prohibited on Loch Lomond.
# Parma Creek

Parma Creek is a river of the state of New South Wales in Australia.
# Willeke Alberti

Willy Albertina Verbrugge (born 3 February 1945), known as Willeke Alberti, is a Dutch singer and actress, the daughter of entertainer and singer Willy Alberti (1926–1985) and Hendrika Geertruida Kuiper (1921–2011).

## Biography

Alberti started her career at the early age of eleven in the musical Duel om Barbara and she recorded her first single in 1958 together with her father. During the 1960s, she was a well-known singer in the Netherlands and had at least one No. 1 hit with "De winter was lang" ("The winter was long"), however there was no official Dutch chart at the time. Willeke and her father had a television show between 1965 and 1969. Her singing career from 1970 onwards is less active, however Alberti still releases singles and albums at an irregular interval and plays minor roles in television programs and movies.
From 1965 to 1974 she was married to musician Joop Oonk and they had a daughter. She married John de Mol in 1976, and they had a son, Johnny de Mol. The couple divorced in 1980, and Alberti married a third time, with football player Søren Lerby. Another son was born from that marriage. Søren Lerby and Alberti separated in 1996.
In 1994 she represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Waar is de zon?" ("Where is the sun?"), which claimed a meagre four points from the international juries, all coming from Austria, placing 23rd.
Through the years Alberti has become embraced in the Netherlands as a gay icon, due to a combination of her song repertoire, her durability and her performances in support of many gay causes. She is the mother-in-law of John van 't Schip.

## Filmography

* De Kleine Waarheid (TV Series) 1970
* Oom Ferdinand en de Toverdrank (1974)
* Slippers (TV Movie) (1975)
* Rooie Sien (1975)
* Kiss Me Kate (TV Movie) (1975)
* Pygmalion (TV Movie) (1976)
* Lachcarrousel (TV Movie) (1976)
* Dag 80 hallo 81 (1980)
* Filmpje! (1995)
* Nachtrit (2006)
* Alles is familie (2012)
* Sinterklaas en de Pepernoten Chaos (2013)