# Duel (American game show)

Duel is an American game show hosted by Mike Greenberg that first aired from December 17 to December 23, 2007, on ABC. The show aired as a week-long six-episode tournament at 8:00 p.m. (7:00 p.m. Central) from Monday through Friday with the finale on Sunday.
The show's website described the program as a cross between Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and the World Series of Poker. The game was played in a head-to-head format in which contestants answered general trivia questions. The first season uses a tournament format with a progressive jackpot which accumulates for every incorrect answers covered; the top four contestants are invited to the finale aired December 23, 2007 cumulating to the champion claiming the entire jackpot.
The second season aired in a weekly format with modified rules from April 4 to July 25, 2008, at 9:00 p.m. (8:00 p.m. Central). This time, the returning champions format was used and winning contestants compete a series of up to five duels for a $500,000 grand prize.
Both seasons were sponsored by Diet Pepsi Max led by Russell Findlay, the Pepsi marketing executive who launched Pepsi Max in the USA.

## Gameplay
### Season 1

Each player began a duel with ten chips, each worth $5,000 (for a combined total of $50,000). Each question was a multiple choice with four choices. The question was read by the host while the contestants used their chips to cover choices, one chip per choice. They were allowed to cover any number of choices, provided they had enough chips; the contestant then lock their answers, after which the chips are sunk in place and no further changes may be made. A partition is raised at the start of each question, after which it is lowered once both players had locked in their answers, allowing the contestants to see each other's choices. Only one answer is correct and any chips placed on the wrong answers are taken out of play and added towards the progressive jackpot.
While the questions normally had no time limit, a contestant who had already locked in his/her answers could "press" the opponent and impose a seven-second time limit, after which answers would be automatically locked in. Each contestant was given two presses per duel.
The duel continued so long as contestants covered a correct answer, but if either contestant did not do so, the duel ended and that contestant was eliminated; any unused chips that do not cover their incorrect answers do not accumulate towards the jackpot. The winning contestant wins the money based on the number of chips retained at the point and are guaranteed, regardless of results of future duels.
If neither contestant covered the correct answer, the contestants are not eliminated unlike the British version, insteas a sudden death "shootout" question is given. Contestants are given four new chips (but with no monetary value), and no presses are allowed. The contestant who answered correctly (with fewer choices) wins the duel without any money; if both contestants correctly answered the question with the same number of chips, the question is then thrown out and a new question is given out until a winner is decided (which is unaired during broadcast).
The champion then chose a new challenger from a randomly selected group of three from the remaining members of the "Players Gallery" (those in the contestant pool who had not yet participated), based on a small amount of information revealed about each potential contestant.
After five nights, the four contestants who won the most duels (and if tied, based on the most accumulated winnings) were invited to the finale to vie for the jackpot. The top-seeded contestant compete in the first duel by selecting any one of the three finalists, while the unselected finalists were defaulted to the second duel. Winners of each duel the compete in the third duel for the entire jackpot. Rules from the previous duels still applies, as well as their guaranteed winnings.

### Season 2

The game format was changed in the second season to accommodate continuing weekly episodes. Under this new format, the number of presses per duel was reduced to one. Instead of a progressive jackpot as the chips had no monetary value, the winnings for each duel varies by the length based on the number of questions answered throughout the duel:
| Questions asked | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10+ |
| Winnings | $1,000 | $2,500 | $5,000 | $10,000 | $15,000 | $20,000 | $25,000 | $30,000 | $40,000 | $50,000 |
If both contestants missed a question, the value of the duel was frozen at the previous value. The sudden death shootout rules otherwise remain the same. After the duel ended, the winner is given a bonus "max question" for a chance to double their winnings for the duel with no risks involved; they are given only one chip and require to answer within seven seconds.
Unlike season one, their winnings are not guaranteed payouts. They are given a choice to either retire with their current winnings or risk it for another duel against their choice of three contestants. If the contestant is defeated, they forfeit all of their winnings but if they have won at least three duels, they kept only half of their winnings. If they won their fifth consecitive duel, they will retire undefeated and their winnings are augumented to $500,000, then the next two contestants who were not chosen by the champion for the previous duel became new challengers.

### Winners

In the first season format, the winner of the $1,720,000 jackpot went to Ashlee Register, while Robert Elswick became the runner-up. Her winnings totalled to $1,795,000, including the $75,000 she had earned in previous duels, which made her the highest-winning female American game show contestant to date. The final duel lasted only one question, and while Register covered every single answer, Elswick covered all the incorrect options except for the correct one.
Under the returning champions format, only one contestant, Gabriel Reilich, a former film executive for Reason Pictures / GOOD Magazine, won five consecutive duels for $500,000. Prior to the final duel he had $75,000 and had correctly answered every Max question he had been asked. The final duel against Jennifer lasted five questions. Reilich covered the correct answer with his only remaining chip, while Jennifer, with three chips, covered the other remaining answers.

## Broadcast history

Duel was created by the Francophone production house FrenchTV, with BermanBraun being the U.S. production firm. It is headed by Lloyd Braun and Gail Berman, both former network executives.
The series first aired from December 17 to December 23, 2007, on ABC at 8:00 PM (7:00 Central) from Monday through Friday and its finale on Sunday; for its first four nights, it was up against Clash of the Choirs on NBC.
Initial reviews were mixed; some praised the show for bringing something different and original to American television, while others derided Greenberg's hosting on the first night and the amount of "padding" the first episode (which was 90 minutes in length) seemed to have. Several critics derided the show for giving contestants "stereotypical" titles, such as "The Fire Captain" and "The Alligator Wrestler".
As the series progressed, however, critics began noticing how several contestants were chosen at random several times in a row, yet were never picked by the on-stage contestant; three contestants didn't play in the tournament at all.

### Nielsen ratings
#### Season 1

Duel's ratings were not as good as its opponent for its first four shows, NBC's Clash of the Choirs.
| # | Air Date | Viewers (millions) | Households | Households | Adults 18-49 | Adults 18-49 |
| # | Air Date | Viewers (millions) | Rating | Share | Rating | Share |
| 1 | December 17, 2007 | 7.68 | 5.0 | 8 | 2.5 | 7 |
| 2 | December 18, 2007 | 7.31 | 4.5 | 7 | 2.4 | 7 |
| 3 | December 19, 2007 | 7.42 | 4.9 | 8 | 2.2 | 6 |
| 4 | December 20, 2007 | 6.45 | 4.2 | 7 | 1.9 | 6 |
| 5 | December 21, 2007 | 6.70 | 4.4 | 8 | 1.7 | 6 |
| 6 | December 23, 2007 | 6.15 | 3.8 | 7 | 1.6 | 4 |

#### Season 2

Season Two aired on Friday nights at 9:00 p.m. (8:00 p.m. Central). The first two episodes had to compete with CBS' The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular, which aired at the same time. Also since the season premiere, the show was standing and lagging at sixth place behind The CW's second hour of WWE Friday Night SmackDown and the Univision telenovela Pasíon.
| # | Air Date | Viewers (millions) | Households | Households | Adults 18-49 | Adults 18-49 |
| # | Air Date | Viewers (millions) | Rating | Share | Rating | Share |
| 7 | April 4, 2008 | 3.93 | 2.5 | 3 | 1.2 | 4 |
| 8 | April 11, 2008 | 3.99 | 2.6 | 5 | 1.2 | 4 |
| 9 | April 18, 2008 | 3.29 | 2.1 | 4 | 0.9 | 3 |
| 10 | April 25, 2008 | 3.73 | 2.4 | 4 | 1.0 | 3 |
| 11 | May 2, 2008 | 3.86 | 2.6 | 5 | 1.0 | 3 |
| 12 | June 27, 2008 | 3.27 | | | 1.0 | 4 |
| 13 | July 4, 2008 | | | | | |
| 14 | July 11, 2008 | 3.56 | | | 0.8 | 3 |
| 15 | July 18, 2008 | | | | | |
| 16 | July 25, 2008 | | | | | |

## International versions

Actually ITV in U.K. were the first network to purchase the rights to Duel in September 2007, swiftly followed by ABC in the U.S., who launched their first series of the show, hosted by sport broadcaster Mike Greenberg, on 17 December 2007. The American version ran 16 episodes in 2 seasons and was not renewed for a third season. France 2 was the third network to obtain the rights to the game show under the name Le 4e duel, aired on 2008 until 2013.
The Duel format was optioned by television networks in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Spain, but, with the exception of Hungary, Portugal, and Duel's native France, never made it to production in those territories. A similar German game show called "Duell" was already running in 2001-2002 on the German sports channel DSF (today Sport1).
| Country | Title | Presenter(s) | Broadcaster(s) | Premiere | Finale |
| Arab League | Duel BelArabi | Yousef Aamer | Abu Dhabi TV ONTV | March 19, 2019 | present |
| France | Le Quatrième Duel | Tania Young (2008) Julien Courbet (2009–2012) Bruno Guillon (2013) | France 2 | July 5, 2008 | September 7, 2013 |
| Hungary | Párbaj | István Vágó | TV2 | August 31, 2009 | October 22, 2009 |
| Portugal | O Duelo Final | Jorge Gabriel | RTP1 | 2009 | 2009 |
| Spain | El Duelo | Antonio Garrido | Selected FORTA TV channels | 2012 | 2012 |
| United Kingdom | Duel | Nick Hancock | ITV | January 19, 2008 | April 5, 2008 |

### Hungarian version

The game is produced in Hungary titled Párbaj (Hungarian for Duel), starting on 31 August 2009 on TV2. It is hosted by István Vágó. It runs on weekdays from 19:05 to 20:15. After each duel, the winner it is given a bonus question with 3 tokens to use. Winnings are determined by the number of duels won and the number of tokens used in the bonus question (as long as the correct answer is chosen). The highest prize is possible after winning 5 duels and its value is 25 million forints. Players have 2 accelerators per duel. The phrase at the beginning of each duel is "En garde!".
A web version of the game is available on TV2's official website.

### French version

France 2 was the third network to obtain the rights to the game show under the name Le 4e duel, aired on 2008 until 2013.