OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philippe de l'Espinoy

Philippe de L'Espinoy (1552–1633) of Ghent was a historian, genealogist and heraldist of the Low Countries.
He served as the commander of a company of Walloon infantry during the reign of Philip II of Spain. He gave up the military career to devote full-time to genealogical studies that led to the publication of the important volume in 1631, which was partly financed by the magistrate of the city of Ghent.
The work contains the genealogical history of the counts of Flanders with a description of the aforesaid country. The number of illustrations in this book counts to a hefty 1,121 escutcheons, standards and seals of armorial bearings on wood, besides 58 copperplate illustrations. There is a full-page engraving with the arms of the Infante Isabelle and a great double-spread engraving representing an assembly of the dignitaries of the Flanders.
The French heraldist Imbert de la Phalecque and his Italian counterpart Goffredo di Crollanza claim that the work of Philippe de l'Espinoy is the first one in which he adopted the hatching system applied in the blazon. However, the hatchings on the arms do not follow any system. The book does not contain any table of hatching. Looking at the numerous pictures of arms in this elaborate work, at first sight they appear to have hatchings. If one however compares these "hatchings" with the descriptions, then one finds out that there is no system in it at all. For instance Gules is alternately indicated by horizontal or vertical or diagonal lines or is left blank. It seems l'Espinoy considered lines and dots merely as a sort of artistic additions which he put in at random.
An earlier book of l’Espinoy in 1628 had Brabantic subjects indicating that the author was also closely connected to the territories where the heraldic hatching system emerged initially. Besides the Flemish subjects of the book it shows a close connection between the French and Brabant-Flemish territories, as also the fact that in 1595 Petrus Zangrius also published a book in Douai.
# Latin beta

Latin beta (uppercase: Ꞵ, lowercase: ꞵ), is a letter of the Latin script. Its shape, in uppercase and lowercase, is based on the lowercase shape of the letter beta from the Greek alphabet (β). The letter is used in the various languages of Gabon and has been used in Ndaʼndaʼ language in Cameroon to represent a sound similar to "v". It is not typographically and linguistically related to the similar looking letter eszett (ẞ, ß) used in writing German, which represents an /s/ sound.

## Usage

The letter is used in the scientific alphabet of the languages of Gabon used for Pinji, Benga, Barama, Galwa, Viya, Kande, Kaning'i, Lumbu, Myene, Ndumu, Ngom, Njebi, Vove, Punu, Sangu, Shira and Vumbu languages.
Additionally, it has been used in 2013 in the alphabet made by Émile Gille Nguendjio for the Ndaʼndaʼ language, for example in the word káꞵé ([ka˥βe˥]), which means "cover". Nguendjio replaced it with the letter P in 2014.

## Encodings

Character information :
| Preview | Ꞵ | Ꞵ | ꞵ | ꞵ |
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BETA | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BETA | LATIN SMALL LETTER BETA | LATIN SMALL LETTER BETA |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 42932 | U+A7B4 | 42933 | U+A7B5 |
| UTF-8 | 234 158 180 | EA 9E B4 | 234 158 181 | EA 9E B5 |
| Numeric character reference | &#42932; | &#xA7B4; | &#42933; | &#xA7B5; |
# GN-108036

GN-108036 is a distant galaxy discovered and confirmed by the Subaru Telescope and the Keck Observatory located in Hawaii; its study was also completed by the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

## Description

The redshift was z = 7.2, meaning the light of the galaxy took nearly 13 billion years to reach Earth and therefore its formation dates back to 750 million years after the Big Bang. It has a high rate of star formation, at a rate of 100 solar masses per year, or about 30 times more than the Milky Way that is 5 times larger and 100 times more massive.
# John Bullock (bishop)

John Bullock O.S.A. (d. 1439 × 1440) was an Augustinian canon and prelate active in the 15th century Kingdom of Scotland. While earning a university degree between 1409 and 1417, Bullock gained several benefices in Scotland, and claimed the headship of St Andrews Cathedral Priory before becoming Bishop of Ross in 1418. He held the latter position until his death, which occurred in either 1439 or 1440.

## Early career

Though his career has not been elaborated by modern historians, Bullock is known to have been a university graduate, having a B. Dec., i.e. a Bachelorate in Decrees (canon law); he did not hold that degree in 1409, but did by 1417.
Bullock was a canon regular in the diocese of St. Andrews, and on 23 March 1409, is recorded as holding the vicarage of Dull in the diocese of Dunkeld when Avignon Pope Benedict XIII granted his petition to hold the vicarage of Tranent in the diocese of St Andrews.
A letter of Benedict XIII, dated 5 June 1417, reveals that John Bullock was one of three clergymen claiming the title Prior of St Andrews, a claim which he seems to have given up in the following year when he had the chance to become Bishop of Ross.

## Bishop of Ross

A papal mandate dated 9 March 1418, provided John, "elect of Ross", to "the bishopric of Ross, vacant by the death outside the curia of Alexander, late bishop under whom the bishopric was reserved to papal provision."
On 11 March, an indult was issued to John allowing him to be consecrated by any bishop of his choice, assisted by two other bishops. Another papal letter, issued on 15 March, granted one John Begiert, OSA, B. Dec., canon of St Andrews, the vicarage of Dull, "vacant by the promotion of John Bullock, former vicar, to the bishopric of Ross".
The pope has reserved the bishopric of Ross for his own appointment and, on 16 March, Thomas Lyell, who had been elected by the cathedral chapter of Fortrose "in ignorance of the reservation", was granted 40 crowns in compensation for his expenses, and two days later, he was granted a canonry in the diocese of Aberdeen allowed to be held alongside his other benefices.
Bullock was in possession of the temporalities of the bishopric by 1 August 1419. He was consecrated between 16 July, when as "elect and confirmed" he sent a proctor to the Provincial Synod, and 16 August 1420, when he as "through the grace of Gode Byschop of Rosse", sealed a charter.
As a sign of reconciliation and the ending of the Western Schism, Pope Martin V confirmed Benedict XIII's provision and retrospectively confirmed Bullock's acts as bishop on 1 February 1423, after the translation of Gruffydd Young to the titular bishopric of Hippo.
Most of the details of Bullock's episcopate are obscure. On 4 September 1439, Bishop Bullock appended his seal to the contract between Joan Beaufort, Queen Dowager, and Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar, a contract that made Livingstone guardian of the boy king, James II of Scotland.
He is dead by 26 September 1440, when a papal mandate rejected the postulation of Andrew Munro and provided Thomas de Tulloch to the bishopric, explicitly vacant because of Bullock's death.
# Dimples D.

Crystal Smith, better known by her stage name Dimples D., is an American rapper who became a one-hit wonder in 1990.

## Sucker DJ

Dimples D. was selected as the vocalist for a track by hip hop producer Marley Marl entitled "Sucker DJ's (I Will Survive)", released on Party Time Records in 1983. "Sucker D.J.'s" was written by Crystal Smith / Williams / Kaye / Montenegro.
The song—an answer song to Run–D.M.C.'s "Sucker M.C.s (Krush-Groove 1)"—did not sell in quantity upon its first release, but Ben Liebrand reworked the song in 1990, including a sample of the theme song from the American sitcom I Dream of Jeannie. Upon re-release, the song went to #1 in Australia, #17 in the UK Singles Chart, and charted in many countries in Europe.

## Discography
### Albums

List of albums, with selected details :
| Title | Details |
| Dimples & Spice | Released: 1991 Format: CD, LP, CS Label: Strictly Dance |

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Year | Title | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Title | AUS | AUT | BEL (FL) | GER | NED | NZ | UK | Album |
| 1983 | "Sucker DJ's (I Will Survive)" (US only) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | single only |
| 1990 | "Sucker DJ (A Witch for Love)" (Ben Liebrand remix) | 1 | 10 | 25 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 17 | Dimples & Spice |
| 1991 | "I Can't Wait" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Dimples & Spice |
| 1991 | "Sisters Keep on Doin' It" (with Lady Spice) | 116 | — | — | — | — | — | — | Dimples & Spice |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released. ||||||||||
# Tamga hamulifera

Tamga hamulifera is a disk-shaped fossil from Precambrian strata of the White Sea area, in Russia, the only member of the genus Tamga.

## Description

The small (3–5 mm in length), disk-shaped fossil has seven hook-like isomers in a star-like arrangement in the clearly expressed peripheral undivided zone. T. hamulifera is probably a member of Proarticulata, as it is strongly similar to Praecambridium sigillum in the general shape, and the presence of hooklike isomers; Tamga is also similar to Cephalonega stepanovi (syn. Onega stepanovi) in the flattened body with a compact group of ledges-isomers in the central part encircled by an undivided zone. The fossils of Tamga could possibly be sclerites, for example, as sclerites of palaeoscolecids show a similar shape, a disk with a ring or rows of tubercles in the center. But the size of Tamga fossils is two orders of magnitude smaller than those of palaeoscolecid sclerites, and no mineralized sclerites of any sort have ever been found or diagnosed in the Vendian–Ediacaran communities. Recent studies of Cephalonega compare it, Tamga and other small proarticulatans to the juvenile form of Yorgia, and place them within Cephalozoa as close relatives of Yorgia.

## Etymology

The generic name is taken from the Turkish word, "tamga", meaning seal or cattle brand. The specific name is a crasis compound word, taken from Latin, of hamulus (small hook), and the feminine form of feros, "to bear." Thus, the scientific name can be translated as a "seal that bears small hooks."
# Babo Airport

Babo Airport (IATA: BXB, ICAO: WASO) is located in Babo, West Papua, Indonesia. The airport serves as the point of entry to the nearby Tangguh LNG Plant. Its previous runway length of 950 meters was extended to 1,300 meters in early August 2014. The airport can only accommodate aircraft such as the ATR-72 and Twin Otter.
The Tangguh LNG plant in Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua, began production in 2009. Since a few years earlier, various infrastructure began to be built and improved. One of them is Babo Airport, which is in Babo district. To cater to workers of the Tangguh LNG plant, the airport was reactivated and developed after years of lying dormant. The development not only consist of paving the airport runway, but also defusing no fewer than 360 active bombs scattered in the airport area left by the Dutch in the midst of the Pacific War during World War II. The defusing of the bombs, which was assisted by the Indonesian Army Combat Engineers, took place in 2002. Once completed, the airport runway which originally had a gravel surface was paved by BP Berau, a subsidiary of BP. Having a runway along 1,300 meters, Babo Airport is now under the management of the Ministry of Transportation.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Susi Air | Manokwari |
| Travira Air | Charter: Sorong, Biak |
# Dalia Dassa Kaye

Dalia Dassa Kaye is an American academic. She was the Director of the Center for Middle East Public Policy at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California.

## Early life

Dalia Dassa Kaye received a PhD in political science from the University of California, Berkeley.

## Career

Kaye was an assistant professor of Political Science and International Affairs at the George Washington University from 1998 to 2003. She was a visiting professor at the University of Amsterdam and was a visiting scholar at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations. She was an International Affairs Fellow at the Dutch Foreign Ministry on behalf of the Council on Foreign Relations. She was also a Foreign Policy Studies Fellow at the Brookings Institution. She was a visiting professor at the Ronald W. Burkle Center for International Relations and the International Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Kaye also served as the Director of the Center for Middle East Public Policy at the RAND Corporation.
She has published two books, monographs, and articles in Foreign Affairs. Her first book, Beyond the Handshake: Multilateral Cooperation in the Arab-Israeli Peace Process, talked about the way the Madrid Conference of 1991 was instrumental for the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.

### Views on Iran

In 2011, she suggested it would be a bad idea to bomb Iran in retaliation for their attempted assassination of the Saudi ambassador to the United States on U.S. soil in Washington, D.C. In 2012, she opined it would be an equally bad idea for Israel to bomb Iran's nuclear facilities. In 2014, she renewed her support for a nuclear deal with Iran. Later that year, she professed, "the Israelis probably have less to worry about regarding a nuclear deal with Iran than they might think." A year later, in 2015, she wrote a piece about the possibility of failure of such a deal urging caution.
# Majeed Memon

Majeed Memon (born 12 December 1945) is an Indian Politician. He was a Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha of India from Maharashtra. He is a criminal lawyer by profession and was a leader of Nationalist Congress Party. In December 2022, he joined Mamata Banerjee's Trinamool Congress.

## Career

Memon is a Member of Parliament (M.P) of Rajya Sabha. He is a noted criminal lawyer who defended Indian personalities including politicians, human rights activists and film actors. He defended high-profile Indians overseas in various extradition matters. Memon is also a human rights activist.
Memon has also represented the many suspects of 1993 serial blasts in Mumbai. He has also defended several film stars and big personalities in criminal cases.

## Attack

In July, 2005 Majeed Memon was shot at by unknown persons. Later criminal charges were filed.

## Personal life

Majeed Memon is the father of Zulfiquar Memon and Zaheer Memon. Zulfiquar Memon is a Managing Partner of MZM Legal LLP a leading full service law firm in India. Zaheer Memon is a partner at Vesta Legal, a law firm based in Mumbai.
# Roman Chmelo

Roman Chmelo (born 9 September 1980) is a Slovak footballer. He mainly plays as midfielder. He played for Arema in Indonesia and FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda which is one of the biggest team in the Slovakian League.

## Honours

* Champion of Indonesia Super League: Arema Indonesia (2009–10)
# Þórarinn B. Þorláksson

Þórarinn Benedikt Þorláksson (February 14, 1867 – July 10, 1924) was one of Iceland's first contemporary painters, the first Icelander to exhibit paintings in Iceland, and recipient of the first public grant that country made to a painter.

## Early life and career

Þórarinn was born in 1867, the 13th of 14 children of a clergyman father, who died when Þórarinn was just five years old. Originally trained and working as a bookbinder, Þórarinn studied painting under a Copenhagen-trained Icelandic woman, Thóra Thoroddsen. In 1900 he was awarded a grant by the Icelandic Parliament to study art in Denmark, and he trained there from 1895 to 1899. Returning to Iceland, he held an exhibition of his works at a place perplexingly called Glasgow, in Reykjavík, in the summer of 1900—the first exhibition of Icelandic painting in Iceland. Þórarinn's principal interest was landscape painting, and a dominant subject in this first exhibition of works was Þingvellir, a site of historical significance to Icelanders as the site of their parliaments (which dated back to 930 AD).

## Later career

Þórarinn continued to paint, holding regular exhibitions until 1911. However, he required a regular income that could not be derived solely from his art. On December 30, 1913, he was appointed by Prime Minister Hannes Hafstein as one of the five people on the committee that designed the Flag of Iceland. He taught drawing at the Technical College and other institutions in Reykjavík, and was principal of that college from 1916 to 1922. He also ran a shop selling art materials, journals and books until his death. Throughout his life he continued to paint, particularly in the countryside during the summers, and it was at his own summerhouse, Birkihlíð, that he died on July 10, 1924.

## Selected paintings

* Hvítá in Borgarfjörður, 1903
* Summer Evening in Reykjavík, 1904
* From Þingvellir II, 1905
* Sunset by Tjörnin, 1905
* Waterfall, 1909
* Repose, 1910
* From Þingvellir, 1914
* Stórisjór and Vatnajökull, 1921
* Hekla from Laugardalur, 1922
* The Artist's Home, 1923
* From Laugardalur, 1923
# Rainey Cawthon

Rainey Blackwell Cawthon (October 30, 1907 – April 11, 1991) was an American football player and coach for the Florida Gators of the University of Florida. Cawthon was a member of Florida's "Phantom Four" backfield with Clyde Crabtree, Carl Brumbaugh, and Royce Goodbread in 1928 which led the nation with 336 points scored. He was also captain of the 1929 Florida team, and selected second-team for the composite All-Southern that year. He was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great." Cawthon was also active in the affairs of Florida State University, and was elected to the FSU Hall of Fame in 1987.

## Early years

He attended Leon High School. Later college teammates Ben Clemons and Ed Sauls were high school teammates.

### University of Florida

Cawthon was a prominent running back for Tom Sebring and Charlie Bachman's Florida Gators varsity football teams from 1927 to 1929. In Cawthon's sophomore year and first on the varsity, he suffered a broken wrist. Despite this he saw regular service in the backfield by the second game, and completed a 53-yard pass against Mercer. In 1928, Cawthon scored a safety against North Carolina State, a touchdown against Sewanee, and a touchdown against Clemson. He also had a 40-yard run in the 26–6 win over Georgia in Savannah, the first-ever victory over the Bulldogs in school history.
# Kirsten Peterman

Kirsten Peterman (born (1998-02-22)22 February 1998) is a retired Canadian artistic gymnast. Currently Academic Coach/Coordinator for Football at Arizona State University in Tempe, AZ.

## Biography

She was born on 22 February 1998 in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, to Tim Griffin and Karyn Peterman. Peterman won the vault event at the 2013 International Gymnix and placed third next year at the 2014 International Gymnix. A former member of the Canada women's national artistic gymnastics team, she won a silver medal with her national team at the 2016 Pacific Rim Gymnastics Championships in Everett, where she was the third best Canadian. In March of the same year she was the 10th all-around gymnast at the International Gymnix.
# Radatice

Radatice (Hungarian: Radácsszentimre) is a village and municipality in Prešov District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

## History

Radatice village was built in 1964.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 295 metres and covers an area of 19.13 km$^2$ (7.39 sq mi) (2020-06-30/-07-01).

## Population

It has a population of 805 people (2020-12-31).
# Jack Bickham

Jack Miles Bickham (September 2, 1930 – July 25, 1997) was an American author who wrote 75 published novels, of which two were made into movies, The Apple Dumpling Gang and Baker's Hawk.

## Life

Jack Bickham was born September 2, 1930, in Columbus, Ohio. He was an assistant professor at the University of Oklahoma's H.H. Herbert School of Journalism in Norman, Oklahoma, from 1969 to 1972, associate professor from 1972 to 1979, and full professor in 1979. He directed the annual short course on professional writing from 1973 to 1990. Bickham received the rank of David Ross Boyd Professor, the highest honor the university can bestow for teaching excellence. He died at Norman Regional Hospital following a lengthy battle with lymphoma.

## Literary career

Jack M. Bickham wrote over 75 published novels, some under just his first and middle name, John Miles, as well as the thirteen books of the Wildcat O'Shea western series under the name Jeff Clinton, six espionage novels under his own name featuring professional tennis player and part-time CIA Agent Brad Smith, and six instructional books on the craft of fiction. Two of his novels were made into motion pictures: The Apple Dumpling Gang, published in 1971 and filmed in 1975, and Baker's Hawk, published in 1974 and filmed in 1976. Two of his books have been reprinted by Reader's Digest Condensed Books and two have been Detective Book Club selections. He was the 1998 winner of the Arrell Gibson Lifetime Achievement Award (S.E. Hinton was the 1997 winner). Bickham was a member of the Oklahoma Journalism Hall of Fame and the Oklahoma Writers Hall of Fame.

## Selected bibliography

As Jack M. Bickham
* Gunman's Gamble (1958 ACE Double D-308 with Draw and Die! by Roy Manning)
* Feud Fury (1959 ACE Double D-384 with Mountain Ambush by Louis Trimble)
* Killer's Paradise (1959 ACE Double D-442 with Rider of Rincon by Rod Patterson)
* The Useless Gun (1960 ACE Double D-462 with The Long Fuse by John A. Latham)
* Hangman's Territory (1961 ACE Double D-510 with The Searching Rider by Harry Whittington)
* Gunmen Can't Hide (1961 ACE Double F-120 with Come In Shooting by John Callahan)
* Katie, Kelly and Heck
* Dopey Dan
* Jilly's Canal
* The Apple Dumpling Gang
* Decker's Campaign
* Target: Charity Ross
* The War on Charity Ross
* The Padre Must Die
* Tiebreaker (Brad Smith #1)
* Dropshot (Brad Smith #2)
* Overhead (Brad Smith #3)
* Breakfast at Wimbledon (Brad Smith #4)
* Double Fault (Brad Smith #5)
* The Davis Cup Conspiracy (Brad Smith #6)
* The 38 Most Common Fiction Writing Mistakes (1992, Writer's Digest Books, ISBN 0-89879-821-3)
* Baker's Hawk (1974 Doubleday & Company, ISBN 0-385-05724-5)
* Scene & Structure: How to construct fiction with scene-by-scene flow, logic and readability (1993, Writer's Digest Books, ISBN 0-89879-551-6)
* Writing the Short Story - A Hands-On Program (1994, Writer's Digest Books ISBN 978-0898796704)
As John Miles
* Dally with a Deadly Doll (1961 ACE Double D-489 with Somebody's Walking Over My Grave by Robert Arthur)
# Mustapha Dawaki Bala

Mustapha Dawaki Bala is a Nigerian politician from Kano State who served as the representative for Dawakin Kudu/Warawa in the House of Representatives at the National Assembly. He was elected for three consecutive terms: from 2011 to 2015, 2015 to 2019, and 2019 to 2023, as a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC).

## Career life

Mustapha Dawaki Bala was born on October 2, 1968, in Kano State, Nigeria. He represented Dawakin Kudu/Warawa in the House of Representatives at the National Assembly for three consecutive terms: from 2011 to 2015, 2015 to 2019, and 2019 to 2023.

## Political career

Mustapha Dawaki Bala succeeded Bako Sarai.