OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Castle Eden Railway

vteCastle Eden Railway :
Legend :
The Castle Eden Railway was a railway line built by the North Eastern Railway between Bowesfield Junction near Stockton-on-Tees and Wingate, County Durham, Northeast England. Although its route actually never went near Castle Eden, it was also informally known as the "Cuckoo Line".

## Authorisation

Passed under an act of parliament as the Stockton and Castle Eden Bridge Railway, it was built by contractor Thomas Nelson. The main civil engineering structure was the viaduct at Thorpe Thewles to cross Thorpe Beck and its valley, which consisted of 22 arches, used 8 million bricks and cost £37,000.

## Opening

The first section of the line was opened on 1 May 1877 between Bowesfield Junction to Carlton South Junction (later Redmarshall), with a curve to Carlton West, to give access to the coalfields of South County Durham. The remainder of the line was opened for freight traffic on 1 August 1878, and passenger traffic between Stockton and Wellfield on 1 March 1880. A curve connecting the line with the Leeds Northern Railway between Bowesfield Junction and Hartburn West Junction was added in 1901.

## Electrification

The southern section from Bowesfield to Redmarshall never carried passengers, but in 1914 was overhead line electrified by the NER to allow coal to be transported from Witton Park Colliery at Shildon, along the former Clarence Railway to Redmarshall and then down the CER to Erimus Marshalling Yard, for export from Middlesbrough Dock. During the 1920s the coal traffic declined, and some of the Electric Freight 1 locomotives became surplus to requirements. After the NER was grouped in 1923 as part of the London and North Eastern Railway, by the 1935 the LNER had replaced the electric locomotives with steam. A curve connecting with the Leeds Northern Railway between Bowesfield Junction and Hartburn West Junction was added in 1901.

## Traffic

Originally proposed as a secondary mainline, it mainly carried freight, including: Weardale limestone; West County Durham coal; and Cleveland ironstone to support the growing industrialisation on Teesside. Its secondary transport was the shipment of agricultural supplies in and produce/livestock out from the valleys farms.

## Decline and closure

In 1905 the Durham Coast Line between Sunderland and Hartlepool was completed, which started the decline of the importance of the Castle Eden Branch as an express passenger mainline. In 1931 it lost its passenger services, and it closed to freight services in 1951. Its final demise even as a bypass route occurred as a result of the Beeching Axe review, closing in stages between 1966 and 1968. The track, ballast and other equipment were all removed by contractors soon afterwards.

## The site today

In 1977 part of the line was acquired by Cleveland County Council with financial help from the Department of the Environment and the Countryside Commission. In 1979 the viaduct was demolished to make the Thorpe Thewles bypass. The residual section reopened to the public as the Castle Eden Walkway in 1981, while the old stationmasters house at Thorpe Thewles was opened as a Visitor Centre in 1983.
# Chuck Perry

Charles Edward "Chuck" Perry (1937–1999) was the founding president of Florida International University in Miami, appointed in 1965. Perry died on August 30, 1999, at his home in Rockwall, Texas.
He is buried on the campus of FIU at the southeast corner of the Charles E. Perry building. The Charles E. Perry building located on the FIU campus is named in his honor.
Chuck Perry graduated from Bowling Green State University in 1959, where he was a member of Sigma Nu and played as a place kicker on Doyt Perry's football teams. He stayed on in fund raising for the university and has a building named for him at Bowling Green.
Later, he managed Jack Nicklaus's investments. Prior to being appointed to Florida International, he ran The Weekly Reader which was distributed to many secondary schools.
# Javed Nasim

Javed Nasim is a Pakistani politician hailing from Peshawar, belonging to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, who served as a Member of the 10th Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly. He is also serving as Parliamentary Secretary in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly.

## Political career

Nasim was elected as the member of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly on ticket of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from PK-03 (Peshawar-III) in 2013 Pakistani general election by taking 18080 votes against Awami National Party's Haroon Bashir Bilour.
Nasim developed personal difference with Chief minister khyber pakhtunkhwa, Pervez Khattak, on which he went public and staged a protest against him, charging him with corruption and nepotism. Nasim was served show cause notice by PTI leadership on violating party discipline in early October 2014. However, he was unable to explain his position, therefore, on 26 October 2014 his basic membership from party was cancelled on violating party's discipline. In March, 2015 Pakistani Senate election he sided Waqar Ahmed Khan, an independent candidate, instead of PTI's nominated candidate, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf barred him for casting vote. Party's Information Secretary Shireen Mazari, in March 2015, wrote a letter seeking suspension from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly. She maintained that, his basic membership was suspended for going public against party, and now he went against party in senate polls. However, Election Commission of Pakistan rejected Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's plea and maintained membership of Nasim. To keep further conflicts in check, Chief minister Pervaiz Khattak politically addressed the problem through dialogues, he also appointed Nasim at position of parliamentary secretary. Nasim was allegedly involved in horse trading during 2018 Pakistani Senate election and didn't voted PTI's supported candidates.
# Kenji Otsubo

Kenji Otsubo (Japanese: 大坪 賢次, Hepburn: Kenji Otsubo, born May 25, 1944) is a Japanese businessman.

## Education

Otsubo attended Nihon University earning a bachelor's degree in 1967 then moved to the United States to study at Louisiana State University and Stanford Business School. He enrolled in The School of Law at University of Washington, earning an LLM degree in 1981.

## Professional career

Otsubo began his law career as special counsel, from 1973 to 1978, in the field of US-Japan Business Trade at Baker & McKenzie in their Tokyo Office.
In 1981, Otsubo founded Otsubo International Corporation, a business consulting firm for which he serves as president and CEO. In 1985, Otsubo founded Otsubo Realty, a real estate brokerage firm as well as Otsubo Management Services Corporation.
As a real estate broker, Otsubo sold an undeveloped golf course property to Palisade Green Company. Otsubo invited Gary Player, the professional golf player and golf course designer to work on the project which later became Manhattan Woods Golf Club. The course was officially opened in 1998.
In 2018, Otsubo invited Asahi Shuzo's most well known sake brand, Dassai to build their first sake brewery in the United States in partnership with The Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park, New York.
Asahi Shuzo purchased a former Stop and Shop property in New York. Construction of the brewery will commence in 2018 and is scheduled to open in 2019.

## Non-profit work

In 2004, Otsubo raised $150,000 in donations for the American Red Cross in efforts to aid those affected by the 2004 Chūetsu earthquake. Otsubo served as Honorary Chairman of The International Center of Rutgers University, and was a board member of The Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers University Museum. He served on the Board of Trustees of The Englewood Hospital and Medical Center in Englewood, New Jersey. He also served as board member and Sergeant of Arms of The New York Law Enforcement Foundation.

## Recognition

Otsubo was named Japanese Culinary Ambassador for The Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park, New York in 2016. In 2009, was visiting professor at The Graduate Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies in Niigata, Japan. On March 10, 2018, Otsubo was appointed by Shunji Odaira, President of The Niigata Sake Brewers Association to Honorary Ambassador of Niigata Sake. On March 24, 2018, Otsubo was appointed by The Mayor of Minamiuonuma as Honorary Ambassador of Minamiuonuma, Niigata, Japan.

## Public service

On December 15, 2011, Otsubo was appointed by Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, of Montenegro, Milan Roćen, to the Honorary Consul of Montenegro to Japan. The office of the Honorary Consul of Montenegro in Tokyo was opened at The Nippon Press Center building, Tokyo on June 4, 2012. Otsubo formed the Association of Friendship between Japan and Montenegro in 2015. The Honorary Chairman of the Association is Nobuhiko Higashikuni, nephew of Emperor Akihito and cousin of Crown Prince Naruhito.
# Sierd Cloetingh

Sierd A.P.L. Cloetingh (born 1950) is Professor of Earth Sciences at Utrecht University. From 2014 to 2021 he was President of the Academia Europaea.

## Education

* BSc degree geology with physics and mathematics, University of Groningen (supervisors Professors Philip Kuenen and L.M.J.U. van Straaten): March 1972
* MSc degree geophysics with minors in structural geology and numerical mathematics (cum laude; supervisor Prof. dr. N.J. Vlaar), University of Utrecht: January 1977
* PhD degree geophysics University of Utrecht (Thesis: Evolution of passive margins and initiation of subduction zones; Promoter: Prof. dr. N.J. Vlaar): December 1982.

## Publications

He published more than 300 papers in international peer-reviewed journals and has been promoter of more than 70 PhD students of 18 different nationalities. He served the Earth Science community in various functions, including Presidency of the European Geophysical Society. He is currently the President of the International Lithosphere Programme, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal “Global and Planetary Change” and Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the ESF Large Scale Collaborative Research Programme (EUROCORES) TOPO-EUROPE.

## Honours

Cloetingh has received honorary doctorates from five European universities and numerous honours and awards, including the Stephan Mueller Medal, Arthur Holmes Medal and honorary membership of the European Geosciences Union, Fellow and Honorary Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and the Geological Society of America, the Leopold von Buch Medal of the German Geological Society and the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award.
Cloetingh was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998. He became corresponding member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 2005 and of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 2008. Cloeting is also Foreign member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, and the German Academy for Technical Sciences, Acatech. He was distinguished in 2006 as Chevalier de Légion d'honneur and in 2014 as Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his contributions to science and European scientific cooperation in research and education.
He was elected member of Academia Europaea in 1993 and served Academia Europaea as Chair of the Earth and Marine and Earth and Cosmic Sciences Sections and as vice-president. In 2014 he was elected as President of Academia Europaea. He is a member of the Scientific Council of the ERC since 2009. In 2017, he was appointed President of the COST Association. In December 2018, he became chair of the Board of SAPEA, part of the European Commission's Scientific Advice Mechanism.
# Bolt Financial

Bolt Financial Inc. (Bolt) is an American financial technology company that provides merchants with software to facilitate one-click online checkouts. It was founded in 2014 in San Francisco.

## History

Bolt was founded by Stanford University computer science students Ryan Breslow and Eric Feldman in 2014. Their goal was to simplify online checkout for consumers and help independent retailers compete with Amazon, which held the patent on one-click checkout until 2017. The company initially operated out of Breslow's dorm room.
In 2021, the company entered into partnerships with its first European clients and acquired Tipser, a technology company based in Sweden.
In December 2021, it raised $393 million, bringing Bolt's total funding to almost $1 billion. Its valuation was $11bn as of January 2022.
In February 2022, Maju Kuruvilla was named CEO.
In February 2024, Bolt had under 700 employees, and was valued at approximately $300 million - a 97% decrease in price from 21 months prior.
Bolt announced in August 2024 that it was seeking a $450 million investment, raising capital from its lead investor The London Fund. Instead of cash, the fundraising partly involved The London Fund pledging up to $250m in influencer marketing credits. However, a publication by Axios revealed that, out of the twenty active portfolio companies listed on The London Fund website, none of the fund's portfolio companies had "never heard of The London Fund".
# Eating History

Eating History is an American docuseries that airs on the History Channel and premiered in 2020. In the series, collectors Josh Macuga and Gary "Old Smokey" Mitchell try vintage foods and related products, such as 1970s Fritos, 1913 hardtack, Pepsodent tooth powder, and New Coke.

## Cast and crew

Hosts Gary Mitchell and Josh Macuga met through YouTube.
Gary Mitchell became interested in vintage foods via tobacco: he collected and smoked old cigarettes and other tobacco-related products, giving him the nickname "Old Smokey". This, together with his interest in his grandfather's time in the military, led to eating preserved vintage military rations. He started trying a variety of military rations from different countries and time periods and made YouTube videos about it. Through this interest, he met Ken Conley, who suggested that he might be interested in hosting Eating History when the series was being developed.
Josh Macuga began collecting old food because of his family: when he was a child, his father and his uncle collected old bottles and other containers. Like Mitchell, he has a YouTube channel.
The production team includes a medic and a toxicologist, who do not allow the stars to eat foods that they deem unsafe, for example because of the risk of botulism. The series is produced by Sharp Entertainment.

## Episodes

The series has one season consisting of ten episodes.
| No. | Title | Original release date | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Brush with History" | March 25, 2020 (2020-03-25) | N/A |
| 2 | "Breakfast of Champions" | March 25, 2020 (2020-03-25) | N/A |
| 3 | "Expiration Unknown" | April 1, 2020 (2020-04-01) | N/A |
| 4 | "Apocalypse Chow" | April 1, 2020 (2020-04-01) | N/A |
| 5 | "Once You Pop" | April 8, 2020 (2020-04-08) | N/A |
| 6 | "From a Galaxy Far, Far Away" | April 8, 2020 (2020-04-08) | N/A |
| 7 | "A Space Odyssey" | April 15, 2020 (2020-04-15) | N/A |
| 8 | "The Candy Man" | April 22, 2020 (2020-04-22) | N/A |
| 9 | "Leave it to Beaver Tail" | April 29, 2020 (2020-04-29) | N/A |
| 10 | "Flavor Explosion" | May 6, 2020 (2020-05-06) | N/A |

## Reception

Some viewers have described Eating History's premise as a gimmick, but Mitchell says that the series also educates viewers: "There’s so much history behind everything we encounter."
# Mark Parisi

Mark Parisi (born 1961) is the creator of Off the Mark, a comic panel which began in 1987 and now appears in 100 newspapers, as well as on greeting cards, T-shirts, and more. Off the Mark is distributed daily by Universal Press Syndicate. Parisi's work is influenced by Charles Schulz, Gary Larson and MAD magazine. Parisi has also said he admires the work of cartoonists Jim Meddick, Sergio Aragonés, and Garry Trudeau.
In addition, Mark is the author and illustrator of the Marty Pants middle-grade novel series, and The Truth About 5th Grade middle-grade book, all for HarperCollins.

## Background

Parisi began drawing when he was very young, and frequently copied comic strips out of newspapers. Parisi said that after reading Charles Schulz' comic strip Peanuts, he "immediately wanted to draw it." At Salem State University, he changed his major several times before settling on Art, with a concentration in Graphic Art.

## Awards

In 2008, 2011, 2017, and 2020 Parisi won the "Best Newspaper Panel" award for Off the Mark (comic strip) from the National Cartoonists Society. He also was nominated for the award in 2004, 2006, 2013, 2016, and 2019. In 2013, he won the "Best Greeting Cards" award from the National Cartoonists Society. In 2022, Mark won a Louie Award from The Greeting Card Association.
# Church of St Thomas, Dudley

The Church of Saint Thomas is a Grade II* listed Church of England Anglican parish church in Dudley in the West Midlands County of England. Known locally as 'Top Church', as opposed to the 'Bottom Church' of St. Edmund's, it was originally established in the 12th century, when it was dedicated to Thomas Becket who had been murdered a few years before.
The church is mentioned in a Papal Declaration of 1182, which granted it to the nearby Priory of St. James. At some point in its history, the church's dedication changed to the Apostle St Thomas. The current building dates from the 19th century. It was rebuilt in 1815 under an act of parliament after the existing building was declared unsafe, for a cost of £12,650.
On 7 September 1940, the Luftwaffe dropped a bomb opposite the front of the church, blowing out most of the windows and leaving shrapnel damage which is still evident.
The church is in the Anglican Diocese of Worcester, despite the town of Dudley being transferred into the county of Staffordshire in 1966, and later the West Midlands county upon its creation in 1974. The church's original parish, Dudley St. Thomas, was abolished in 1969 to form the current Dudley St. Thomas & St. Luke Ecclesiastical Parish.
The church building was granted Grade II* listed status in 1949.
# Alternative idol

An alternative idol (also known as an alt-idol or anti-idol) is a term used by overseas J-pop fans to describe idols that differ from the traditional Japanese idol scene typically by having a darker image and performing heavier genres of music. Alternative idols came about in the early 2010s after the formation of Bis popularized mixing alternative rock with typical idol pop music.

## History
### 2010s–2020s: Origin of alternative idols and rising popularity

Japanese girl group Bis were the first major alternative idols to debut in Japan. Created by Pour Lui and managed by Junnosuke Watanabe under Tsubasa Records, Bis introduced an image much darker than that of the traditional J-pop idol, initially seen as controversial they soon became known as the pioneers of the alt-idol scene. Seiko Oomori, who debuted in 2012 and has a musical style influenced by idol culture and punk rock, is also considered a pioneer of the scene. Known for utilizing shock value early in her career and touching on hard-hitting subjects in her lyrics Oomori's music has an appeal different from the music of mainstream idols. This style of music led by the likes of Bis and Oomori gave way to the more popular genre of Kawaii metal and began a surge in popularity for the sub-culture of alternative idols.
In 2014, after the disbandment of the first generation of Bis and the formation of Pla2me, former Bis manager Watanabe established WACK, a music production company specialising in alternative idols. To date, they have debuted a second and third generation of Bis, re-debuted Pla2me as Gang Parade, which had previously split into Go to the Beds and Paradises, formed Bish who disbanded at the end of 2023, Empire (now ExWhyZ), Mameshiba no Taigun, ASP, and the now disbanded Carry Loose. WACK's most successful group, Bish, the successor of the first generation of Bis, achieved two number one singles with "Paint It Black" and "Bye-Bye Show", and two number one studio albums with Letters and Going to Destruction.

## Characteristics

Generally alternative idols distance themselves from mainstream J-pop by venturing into heavier genres of music and making use of a darker and more unconventional onstage image to garner more attention.
Alternative idols often venture into genres other than pop and alternative, such as rock, heavy metal, EDM and new wave.

## Notable artists

* ASP
* Billie Idle
* Bis
* Bish
* Carry Loose
* CY8ER
* ExWhyZ
* Gang Parade
* Go to the Beds
* HO6LA
* Inuwasi
* Maison Book Girl
* Mameshiba no Taigun
* Migma Shelter
* Necronomidol
* Neo Japonism
* Paradises
* Phantom Siita
* Piggs
* Seiko Oomori
* Sora tob sakana
* Uijin
* You'll Melt More!
* Zenbu Kimi no Sei da.
* ZOC
# Scouted

Scouted is an American reality television series that chronicles the discovery process of the next big name in the modeling industry. The show premiered on Monday, November 28, 2011, on the E! cable network.

## Overview

The series showcases local model scouts Page Parkes (Houston, TX), Stacie Vanchieri (Richmond, VA), Erin Olson (Salt Lake City, UT), and Kristen Kotik (San Francisco, CA) as they try to discover the next big name. The scouts will train the aspiring models and then introduce them to the One Management modeling agency. Then, industry veterans Michael Flutie, Julia Samersova, Beri Smither, and Dani Stahl will evaluate the potential of the models. This process includes a trip to the legendary fashion closet, as well as an intimidating photo shoot with Photographer and Director Danny Christensen. Ultimately, Scott Lipps, president of One Management, will decide whether or not to sign the models to his agency.

## Production

E! ordered 8 episodes for the first season. Angela Aguilera, Ben Samek, Cris Abrego, Michael Flutie, and Rabih Gholam serve as executive producers. Danny Christensen manages Fashion Photography and Direction, using RED Epic and with support by B2Pro.

## Episodes

| Episode | U.S. Air Date | Rating/Share (18-49) | Viewers (Millions) |
| "Gillian & Jennifer" | November 28, 2011 | 0.4 | 0.73 |
| "Valenteen & Kelsie" | December 5, 2011 | 0.3 | 0.52 |
| "Nicole & Amber" | December 12, 2011 | | |
| "Amy & Jillian" | December 19, 2011 | | |
| "Cheyann & Gina" | December 26, 2011 | | |
| "Lindsay & Amber R." | January 2, 2012 | 0.2 | 0.46 |
| "Marissa and Hallie" | January 9, 2012 | 0.2 | 0.42 |
| "Erin and Alwyn" | January 16, 2012 | 0.3 | 0.57 |
# Kaepung-guyok

Kaep'ung-guyŏk is a district of Kaesong Special city in North Korea. Formerly part of the Kaesong urban area, the county was merged with North Hwanghae when Kaesong was demoted in 2003. However, it was returned to Kaesong Special City in October 2019.
The area is the site of the royal tombs of King Kongmin and King Taejo of the Goryeo dynasty. Actor O Yeong-su, who played Oh Il-nam in the television series Squid Game, was born here in 1944 when the county of Kaepung was in Keiki-dō, during Korea under Japanese rule.

## Administrative divisions

The county is divided into 2 tong (neighbourhoods) and 14 ri (villages).
* Kaep'ung 1-tong (개풍1동/開豊1洞)
* Kaep'ung 2-tong (개풍2동/開豊2洞)
* Konam-ri (고남리/古南里)
* Kwangsu-ri (광수리/光水里)
* Namp'o-ri (남포리/南浦里)
* Ryŏhyŏl-li (려현리/礪峴里)
* Muksal-li (묵산리/墨山里)
* Muksong-ri (묵송리/墨松里)
* Sinsŏ-ri (신서리/新西里)
* Sinsŏng-ri (신성리/新聖里)
* Yŏngang-ri (연강리/延江里)
* Osal-li (오산리/五山里)
* P'ungdŏng-ri (풍덕리/豊德里)
* Haep'yŏng-ri (해평리/海坪里)
* Ŭip'o-ri (의포리/義浦里)
* Oksal-li (옥산리/玉山里)

## Transport

Kaep'ung is served by Kaep'ung and Ryohyŏn stations of the Korean State Railway. These are both on the P'yŏngbu line.
# Building at 140 Biltmore Avenue

Building at 140 Biltmore Avenue is a historic residential building located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It is one of a row of granite apartment buildings on the lower end of Biltmore Avenue. It was built in 1915, and is a two-story, uncoursed rubble granite apartment building covered with a smooth, tan stucco. It features a low, hipped roof, two story porch on either side, and four chimney stacks.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.