OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tornado debris signature

A tornadic debris signature (TDS), often colloquially referred to as a debris ball, is an area of high reflectivity on weather radar caused by debris lofting into the air, usually associated with a tornado. A TDS may also be indicated by dual-polarization radar products, designated as a polarimetric tornado debris signature (PTDS). Polarimetric radar can discern meteorological and nonmeteorological hydrometeors and the co-location of a PTDS with the enhanced reflectivity of a debris ball are used by meteorologists as confirmation that a tornado is occurring.

## Background

Debris balls can be a result of anthropogenic or biomass debris and are more likely to occur if a tornado crosses a "target-rich" environment such as a forest or populated area. A TDS is most likely to be observed when a tornado is closer to a radar site and the farther away from the radar that a TDS is observed the more likely that the tornado is stronger. As a result of the strong winds required to damage structures and loft debris into the air, debris balls are normally the result of EF3 or stronger tornadoes on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. Weaker tornadoes may also not cause debris balls due to their mostly short-lived nature and thus any debris may not be sampled by radar. However, not all tornadoes meeting such strength requirements exhibit debris balls, depending on their vicinity to sources of debris and distance from the radar site. A debris ball on radar images can verify tornadoes 70–80% of the time.
Debris balls are seen on radar reflectivity images as a small, roundish area of high reflectivity values. Research conducted on debris balls that were noted during the 2011 Super Outbreak suggested that horizontal reflectivity from debris balls ranged from 51 to 72 dBZ during those outbreaks. Reflectivity values also decreased with increasing height. Due to the irregular and variable size, shapes, and dielectric constants of debris particles, debris balls typically produce a correlation coefficient (ρ$_{hv}$) less than 0.80. Differential reflectivity (Z$_{DR}$) values associated with debris balls are typically near or below 0 dB due to the random, tumbling nature of tornadic debris. Debris balls are almost always associated with a strong velocity couplet and the corresponding algorithm based detection, the tornado vortex signature (TVS) or tornado detection algorithm (TDA).
An algorithm, called Polarimetric Tornado Debris Signature (PTDS), was developed by researchers by combining polarimetric data with reflectivity and velocity data, showing areas with a probability of detection greater than 80%. It is used on the US National Weather Service weather radar outputs.
# Basil Kilani

Basil Kilani (born 6 August 1960) is a Jordanian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres and 10,000 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Kilani finished 13th in his 5000 m and 10,000 m heats, failing to advance to the finals in both events. Even though Kilani was the next-to-last finisher in his 5000 m heat, it was observed that Los Angeles fans cheered him and the other slower runners on more than the winners.
# 1977 East Lothian District Council election

Elections for East Lothian Council took place in May 1977, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's various other districts.

## Ward Results
### Labour

* Musselburgh 1
* Musselburgh 2
* Musselburgh 3
* Tranent
* Ormiston
* Inveresk
* Prestonpans
* Preston
* Gladsmuir

### Conservative

* Musselburgh 4
* Cockenzie
* Haddington
* Lammermuir
* Dirleton
* Dunbar
* East Linton
* North Berwick
# Melba Copland Secondary School

Melba Copland Secondary School opened in 1978 at Copland Drive, Melba, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
It is a supporter of the IB Diploma Program.
In 2007, it was decided by the ACT Government to merge Copland College and Melba High School. Since 2009 the joint school has been called Melba Copland Secondary School.

## History

In 2008 Copland College was merged with Melba High School. The public announcement was that the two campuses would be shared. It is now known as Melba Copland Secondary School. Copland College is known for its competitive nature against other schools within the ACT in terms of the UAI the year 12 students receive. In 2006, Copland College was ranked the third highest ranking college in the ACT. This has had an effect on the students that have enrolled and are currently studying at the school. In 2022 Melba Copland Highschool achieved 22nd place in the National Shoebox Challenge (NSC).
# Clitsome railway station

vteWest Somerset Mineral Railway :
Legend :
Clitsome was a recognised stopping place, not a formal station, on the West Somerset Mineral Railway (WSMR). The railway's prime purpose was to carry iron ore from mines to Watchet harbour in Somerset, England. It was "general practice to pick up or set down passengers .. at Clitsome."
The line was unconnected to any other, though it passed under what is now the West Somerset Railway south of the village of Watchet.
The stopping place was next to a level crossing.

## Services

The line opened for goods traffic in 1857. A passenger service began in September 1865, connecting Watchet with the village of Washford and the hamlets of Roadwater and Comberow. Passengers were carried from Comberow up a rope-hauled incline to Brendon Hill and on to Gupworthy on a wagon, free of charge, but at their own risk.
The initial passenger service consisted of four trains a day out and back.
Like other railways built to serve one industry, such as iron ore carrying lines in Cumbria, the WSMR's fortunes were at the mercy of that industry. Iron and steel making was given to boom and bust and suffered a significant downturn in the 1870s, exacerbated by imports of cheaper and better ore from abroad. The iron mines which provided the WSMR's staple traffic stuttered to complete closure between 1879 and 1883. The line did not close immediately, two mixed trains a day continued to run until 1898, when all traffic ceased.
In 1907 the Somerset Mineral Syndicate made an attempt to revive the line, reopening Colton mine and starting a new bore at Timwood. Apart from a reopening day special on 4 July 1907 no passenger service was provided. The venture collapsed in March 1910.
After closure in 1910 the line through Clitsome was subject to minimal maintenance.
The line's tracks were lifted in 1917 as a contribution to the war effort.

## Abandonment

With neither track, rolling stock nor prospects an Act of Parliament was sought and passed to abandon the railway. Its assets were auctioned on 8 August 1924 and the company was wound up in 1925.
Evocative contemporary descriptions of the line in its later years have been preserved.

## Afterlife

By 2016 much of the route could still be traced on the ground, on maps and on satellite images. The incline from Comberow to Brendon Hill is a Listed structure.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Torre Line and station closed | West Somerset Mineral Railway | Roadwater Line and station closed |
# 1968 East Texas State Lions football team

The 1968 East Texas State Lions football team represented East Texas State University in the 1968 NAIA football season. They were led by head coach Ernest Hawkins, who was in his fifth season at East Texas State. The Lions played their home games at Memorial Stadium and were members of the Lone Star Conference. The Lions finished second in the conference standings the season with a 7–2–1 record overall and a 5–1–1 record in LSC play. The season highlight was a 35–27 win over the NAIA's No. 1 team, Texas A&I, on October 19.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 21 | | at Abilene Christian* | Shotwell StadiumAbilene, TX | W 29–22 |
| September 28 | | Southwest Missouri State* | Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | W 52–0 |
| October 5 | | at No. 12 UT Arlington* | Memorial StadiumArlington, TX | L 30–41 |
| October 12 | | McMurry | Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | W 20–0 |
| October 19 | 7:30 p.m. | No. 5 Texas A&I | Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | W 35–27 |
| October 26 | | at Sul Ross | Jackson FieldAlpine, TX | T 28–28 |
| November 2 | | Howard Payne | Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | W 24–14 |
| November 9 | | at Sam Houston State | Pritchett FieldHuntsville, TX | L 21–24 |
| November 16 | | Southwest Texas State | Memorial StadiumCommerce, TX | W 51–14 |
| November 23 | | at Stephen F. Austin | Memorial StadiumNacogdoches, TX | W 28–20 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Central time ||||||

## Postseason awards
### All-Americans

* Chad Brown, First Team offensive tackle
* Arthur James, First Team tailback
* Tom Black, Honorable Mention tight end
* Bruce Butler, Honorable Mention linebacker

### All-Lone Star Conference
#### LSC First Team

* Bill Allison, fullback
* Arthur James, tailback

#### LSC Second Team

* Chad Brown, offensive rackle
* Tom Black, receiver
* Bruce Butler, linebacker
* Rich Houston, receiver
* Don Hynds, defensive end

#### LSC Honorable Mention

* Jack Herrington, offensive tackle
* Jay Johnson, defensive tackle
* Grady Ivy, linebacker
* Ben Kirkland, quarterback
* Ralph Weaver, linebacker
# Seafarers' Pensions Convention, 1946

Seafarers' Pensions Convention, 1946 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1946, with the preamble stating:
   Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to seafarers' pensions,...

## Ratifications

As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 13 states.
| Country | Date |
| Algeria | November 19, 1962 |
| Argentina | February 17, 1955 |
| Bulgaria | December 29, 1949 |
| Djibouti | August 3, 1978 |
| Egypt | August 4, 1982 |
| France | December 9, 1948 |
| Greece | December 2, 1986 |
| Italy | April 10, 1962 |
| Lebanon | December 6, 1993 |
| Netherlands | August 27, 1957 |
| Norway | July 4, 1949 |
| Panama | June 4, 1971 |
| Peru | April 4, 1962 |
# Antwerp (district)

Antwerp District coincided with the city of Antwerp until 1958. Since the municipality and contemporary city of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium was decentralized in 2000, this district level of government steadily increased its administrative powers.
It comprises 22 neighbourhoods:
* Antwerpen Noord (with Stuivenberg, Seefhoek, Amandus-Atheneum, Chinatown)
* Brederode
* Centraal Station (with Kievitwijk, Diamant, Statiekwartier, Joods Antwerpen)
* Den Dam
* Eilandje
* Haringrode
* Harmonie
* Historisch Centrum
* Kiel
* Linkeroever
* Luchtbal-Rozemaai-Schoonbroek (with Luchtbal, Rozemaai, Schoonbroek)
* Markgrave
* Meir
* Middelheim
* Schipperskwartier
* Sint-Andries
* Stadspark
* Tentoonstellingswijk
* Theaterbuurt, also called Quartier Latin
* Universiteitswijk
* Zurenborg
* Zuid, also called Zuid - Museum
# Catherine Denguiadé

Catherine Martine Denguiadé, also known as Catherine Bokassa (born 7 August 1949), is a Central African former member of the royal family and the widow of Jean-Bédel Bokassa. She was one of several wives of Emperor Bokassa but she became the Empress when he created the Central African Empire. Her son was chosen as his heir apparent.

## Life

Denguiadé was born in Sarh in Chad. Her father was from the CAR but her mother was from Chad and that was where she began her education. Her secondary education was in Bangui.
She married when she was fourteen. She was kidnapped by Bokassa to become his third wife. He would later marry fourteen other women.
She was involved in some way in 1977 when her husband's fall from power began. He issued a decree to say that every child attending school in his empire should wear a school uniform. It then appeared that Denguiadé owned the company that made the uniforms. In December 1977 her husband decreed himself Emperor of Central Africa and the Central African Republic became the Central African Empire. He chose to crown Catherine as Empress Consort and she was in an outfit by French fashion house Lanvin. Many of the extravagant items required for the coronation were imported from France. The French President sent eight horses from Normandy to pull their coach. In the event two of the horses died and the couple had to use a car. Her four year old son Jean-Bédel Bokassa Jr. attended the ceremony as the heir apparent. He was named crown prince (prince héritier de Centrafrique). Her son had elder brothers and half-brothers. One of her son's half brothers, Georges, was made a cabinet minister but her husband said he was not strong enough to be an heir.
In 1979 she was in Geneva living in exile with her and the ex-Emperor's seven children. She was said to sell a diamond every time she was short of money.
After Bokassa died she was supported by friends. In time both she and her children returned to the Central African Republic. At the end of 2010, Catherine accepted a state medal of honour from François Bozizé who was then the Central African Republic President.

## Honours
### National honours

* Dame Grand Cordon of the Imperial Order of Bokassa (4 December 1977).

### Foreign honours

* Order of Korean Labour (North Korea, 1978)
# Real Time Crime Center

A real-time crime center (RTCC) is a centralized technology utilized by law enforcement and emergency first responders. During early adoption, the primary purpose of RTCC was to give field officers and detectives instant information to help identify patterns and stop emerging crime. With emerging cloud-based technology, real-time crime centers in the cloud have evolved to afford enhanced visibility, unified awareness, and the appropriate level of response in emergency resource deployment. Technological advances in RTCC seeks to continually improve emergency response times in the form of instant-live video, live feed camera docking, virtual incident location mapping and full integration with computer-aided dispatch (CAD).
Police departments that have real-time crime centers, include the Camden County Police Department, New York Police Department, Miami-Dade Police Department, Seattle Police Department, Fort Worth Police Department, Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis, Cobb County Police Department, Albuquerque Police Department, Austin Police Department, Tampa Police Department, Fresno Police Department, Minneapolis Police Department and Houston Police Department.

## Early adoption

The NYPD RTCC opened on July 18, 2005, and provides support 24/7. The center was built at a cost of $11 million. The information in the center is available to the 37,000 police officers of the New York City Police Department. The RTCC was funded in part by grants from the non-profit New York City Police Foundation.
RTCC data sources include a data warehouse in which billions of records are made available to detectives and other officers within minutes, instead of days or weeks. These include:
* More than 5 million New York State criminal records, parole and probation files,
* More than 20 million New York City criminal complaints, arrests, 911/311 calls and summonses spanning five years,
* More than 31 million national crime records,
* More than 33 billion public records.
The crime center employs satellite imaging and mapping of New York City (using geographic information system software) precinct-by-precinct. The link analysis capacity of the RTCC can track suspects to their known addresses and point detectives to the locations where they are most likely to flee. The Real Time Crime Center was built with the oversight of provider Dimension Data.

### Emerging cloud-based technology and innovation

Real-time crime centers (RTCC) in the cloud are centralized technology platforms which extracts and unifies live video and data feeds from virtually any source, creating a central hub that enhances the situational awareness and investigative capabilities of law enforcement and public safety agencies.
# List of people from Ballia

The following is a list of notable people from or related to the Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh, India

## Academics

* Ibrahim Balyawi, Indian Islamic scholar
* Ganesh Prasad - indian mathematician
* Jagadish Shukla - meteorology scientist

## Activism, social work, and philanthropy

* Bhrigu – Brahmin saint from Ballia district
* Chittu Pandey – activist of 1942 Quit India Movement
* Mangal Pandey – prominent soldier in the 1857 revolution of India
* Manzoor Alam Quraishi, Nationalist Indian Civil Service officer, joined India at the Partition of India 1947
* Rabindra Nath Upadhyay – Social worker and Padma Shri recipient

## Art and literature

* Amarkant – writer of Hindi literature
* Bulaki Das - saint and Bhojpuri poet
* Hazari Prasad Dwivedi – novelist and literary historian
* Kedar Nath Pandey - writer and member of Bihar Legislative Council
* Suryakumar Pandey – poet and writer
* Atul Kumar Rai - Young novelist and Sahitya Academy Award
* Doodhnath Singh – Hindi language writer, critic and poet
* Kedarnath Singh – poet, critic, and essayist
* Baldev Upadhyaya – Sanskrit scholar, literary historian and essayist

## Film, television and entertainment

* Siddhant Chaturvedi - Bollywood film actor
* Kamlesh Pandey - Bollywood Film writer
* Atul Kumar Rai - Bollywood Film writer

## Politics and government

* Gulam Rasool Balyawi - Former Member of Rajya Sabha from Bihar and Member of the Former Bihar Legislative Council
* Ram Govind Chaudhary - politician of the Samajwadi Party, ex-Leader of Opposition.
* Murli Manohar – politician from Uttar Pradesh state, member of parliament in 1962 for the Ballia Lok Sabha constituency from the Indian National Congress
* Virendra Singh Mast - Bharatiya Janata Party - Member of Parliament, 17th Lok Sabha, Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)
* Janeshwar Mishra – Ex MP Rajyasabha, Ex Rail Minister
* Jayaprakash Narayan – Independence activist and political leader
* Chandrika Prasad Former MP
* Bacha Pathak - Indian National Congress - Member of Legislative Assembly. ( Constituency - Bansdih, Ballia), Two time Cabinet Minister in Uttar Pradesh Government.
* Rajeev Rai - Samajwadi Party - 18th Lok Sabha, Ghosi (Lok Sabha constituency)
* Chandra Shekhar – 8th Prime Minister of India
* Neeraj Shekhar - Bharatiya Janata Party - Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Uttar Pradesh (Rajya Sabha)
* Bharat Singh - Bharatiya Janata Party - Member of Parliament, 16th Lok Sabha, Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency), ex MLA
* Daya Shankar Singh - Minister of Transport, Government of Uttar Pradesh in the Second Yogi Adityanath ministry
* Harivansh Narayan Singh – Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (2018)
* Manager Singh - political leader elected five times as the MLA from Doaba constituency.
* Umashankar Singh - BSP Rasara constituency
* Upendra Tiwari - BJP Phephana constituency
# Mohd Zuki Ali

Mohd Zuki bin Ali (Jawi: محمّد ذوقي بن علي; born 11 August 1962) is a Malaysian civil servant who served as the 15th Chief Secretary to the Government from 2020 to 2024.
After retiring from public service, he was appointed as the new Chairman of the Employees' Provident Fund starting on 1 September 2024 replacing Ahmad Badri Mohd Zahir.

## Education

An alumnus of National University of Malaysia (UKM), Mohd Zuki received his Bachelor of Economics in 1986 and achieved a Postgraduate Diploma in Public Management from the Malaysian National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN) in 1991. He then furthered his studies at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), where he obtained a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in 1999.

## Career

Mohd Zuki joined the federal public service in December 1992 as an assistant secretary at the Ministry of Finance. He then served various posts at various ministries and agencies. On 17 August 2015, Mohd Zuki Ali served as Director-General of Legal Affairs Division under Prime Minister's Department. He became Sarawak's secretary for federal affairs (a position of the civil service who is in charge ex officio of federal agencies in the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak) on 13 August 2016 and senior deputy secretary-general at the Prime Minister's Department on 1 August 2017. Prior to ascending to the top of Malaysian public service, he was transferred to the Ministry of Defence to serve as secretary-general on 18 April 2019.

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia (JSD) (2007)
** Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal Family of Malaysia (PSD) – Datuk (2011)
** Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PMN) – Tan Sri (2020)
* Negeri Sembilan :
** Recipient of the Distinguished Conduct Medal (PPT) (2008)
* Pahang :
** Knight Companion of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (DIMP) – Dato' (2008)
* Federal Territory (Malaysia) :
** Grand Commander of the Order of the Territorial Crown (SMW) – Datuk Seri (2018)
* Sarawak :
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DA) – Datuk Amar (2020)
** Pingat Peringatan Cemerlang Jubli Intan (Emas) (2024)
* Terengganu :
** Member of the Order of the Crown of Terengganu (AMT)
** Knight Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu (SSMZ) – Dato' Seri (2021)
* Sabah :
** Grand Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) – Datuk Seri Panglima (2021)
* Selangor :
** Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (SPMS) – Dato' Seri (2021)
* Perak :
** Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (SPCM) – Dato' Seri (2022)
# Japan Evangelical Association

Japan Evangelical Association (JEA) is a national evangelical alliance, member of the World Evangelical Alliance.

## Member denominations

* Immanuel General Mission
* The Salvation Army
* Evangelical Free Church of Japan
* Japan Holiness Church
* Living Christ One Ear of Wheat Church
* Zion Christian Church (Japan)
* Japan Evangelistic Band
* The Biblical Church
* Japan Assemblies of God