# Bến Thành Market

Bến Thành Market (Vietnamese: Chợ Bến Thành) is located in the center of Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam in District 1. The market is one of the earliest surviving structures in Ho Chi Minh City and an important symbol of the city. Ben Thanh Market is a famous destination for many local and foreign tourists from all around the world. The market operates all year round and opens at around 6am every day until the official closing time at 6pm. After 6pm, the day market transitions into a night market which runs until 10pm.
Today, Ben Thanh Market welcomes more than 10,000 visitors per day to shop and visit. The market has nearly 1,500 booths with more than 6,000 small businesses selling wholesale and retail items from consumables to luxury goods.

## Location

Ben Thanh Market is situated in the center of Ho Chi Minh in Bến Thành Ward, District 1. The market is located on an intersection of four busy streets. The main entrance is the Southside on Lê Lợi Boulevard/Quách Thị Trang Square, the Northside on Lê Thánh Tôn, the Eastside on Phan Bội Châu and the Westside on Phan Châu Trinh.
The market was originally structured to be near the Saigon River, formerly called as Bến Nghé River, next to Citadel of Saigon (or Gia Định). As a former floating market, the surrounding canals offered the convenience for boats to pick up and drop off items for trade. After being relocated in 1912 near the Mỹ Tho railway station (currently the Saigon bus station), the market possesses one of the most optimal locations in District 1.

## Architecture

Ben Thanh market has a total area of 13,056 m². The 100-year-old building has a unique French Indochinese design that stands out among the modern and contemporary buildings around Saigon center. Throughout the years, the market underwent major renovations to both the exterior and interior, but the overall architecture remained with its iconic bell tower in the foreground.
Since the building was constructed by french Etablissements BROSSARD & MOPIN around the time of the French Colonial Era, the building holds strong French influence. Khuong Van Muoi, President of the city Architects’ Association, said the build adopted some of its unique features from French architects. He mentions the orientation of the building and banners along the roof that extends over the market to provide shade. These designs were integrated specifically for natural air-conditioning.

## History
### French colonial era

The market developed from informal markets created by early 17th-century street vendors gathering together near the Saigon River. The market was formally established by the French colonial powers after taking over the Gia Định citadel in 1859 (see Citadel of Saigon). This market was destroyed by fire in 1870 and rebuilt to become Saigon's largest market. In 1912 the market was moved to a new building and called the new Bến Thành Market to distinguish over its predecessor. The building was renovated in 1985.
The original market started out in the early 17th century as an informal wet market founded by local street vendors. When the neighboring Gia Dinh citadel was overthrown by French imperialists in 1859, the market was properly constructed and declared a formal establishment along French Colonial lines. The original structure included a wooden thatched roof which would later be destroyed by fire in 1870 was rebuilt to become called "Les Halles Centrales".
In 1912, the market was moved into the building people are familiar with today, using fireproof metal structure to become the largest and most central of the markets in the city. When all the vendors moved into the new market building the old building was not demolished but instead transitioned to a wholesale market known as the Old Market or Chợ Cũ, which is now on the Nguyễn Huệ Boulevard. As for the new market, the name changed to Bến Thành Market to be distinguished from its predecessor. The name Bến Thành derives from the words "harbor" (Bến) and "citadel" (Thành).

### Modern

In 1985 the new market went under major renovations to keep up with the city's progress of a modern blend. Despite many restorations over time, the market remains one of the earliest and most iconic surviving structures of Saigon.

## Market activities
### Day market

Four main market gateways also serve as a directory for its customers. Each gate has a designated area to sell specialty items. For example, the southern gate is divided among garments, textiles, and clothing along with shoes, jewelry, and cosmetic products. The Northern gate is where people can find a variety of fresh fruits, fish and poultry. This is also where the food vendors are set up to sell common Vietnamese dishes like pho, broken rice, bun bo hue, bun thit nuong, banh beo, grilled seafood and desserts. The Eastside also offers edible goods that are packaged such as dried seafood and poultry, roasted peanuts, candied fruit, coffee beans, tea, fish sauce, herbs, and spices. On the opposite side, the Western gate offers predominantly arts and ceramics.

### Night market

At 6 pm UTC+07.00, vendors set up brightly lit stalls on two sides of the streets Phan Bội Châu and Phan Chu Trinh. The stalls offer similar items to the day market but with a greater emphasis on food. Some street stalls expand into sit down restaurants offering tables and seats. Many locals gather to the area after work and it's also suitable for tourist as they offer western-style menus in English.

## Transportation

Apart from being a major hub for the network of city buses, the market is adjacent to the Ben Thanh Station of the HCMC Metro, with Line 1 opening on 22 December 2024. The station is a hub for other metro several lines, including line 2 and 4, which are planned and under construction. Line 1, the completed stretch, connects the market with Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Suối Tiên Park and Eastern Bus Terminus in District 9 (now is Thủ Đức). Other lines are the extension of Line 1, which is planned, is connect with Cholon and Bình Tân District; Line 2 with Bến Thành with Tân Bình and Tham Lương in District 12, and Line 4 with District 12, Gò Vấp, Phú Nhuận and Phú Mỹ Hưng urban area, Nhà Bè district.
Tan Son Nhat International Airport is located within the city limits and only 7 kilometers from the market. From the airport, the market can be easily accessed by taxis (Vinasun/Mai Linh), Grab, motorbike, bike, or bus. Directly across from Ben Thanh Market is the Saigon bus station.