# Timeline of Mannheim

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mannheim, Germany.

## Prior to 19th century

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* 1606 - Mannheimer Rheinschanze [de] (fortification) construction begins.
* 1607 - Mannheim granted town privileges by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine.
* 1622 - Thirty Years' War: Capture of Mannheim by Imperial-Spanish forces.
* 1660 - Synagogue built.
* 1688 - Manheim taken by French forces during the Nine Years' War.
* 1689 - Fire.
* 1701 - Almshouse (predecessor of university hospital mannheim) founded
* 1706 - Lemle-Moses-Klaussynagoge [de] founded.
* 1720 - Residence of Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine relocated to Mannheim from Heidelberg.
* 1729 - Population: 15,760.
* 1731 - Mannheim Palace Church built.
* 1756 - Jesuit Church, Mannheim built.
* 1759 - Mannheim Palace completed.
* 1766 - Population: 24,190.
* 1771 - Town Hall built.
* 1774 - Mannheim Observatory tower built.
* 1775 - Deutsche Gesellschaft in Mannheim active.
* 1779
** Zeughaus (Mannheim) [de] (arsenal) built.
** Mannheim National Theatre founded.
* 1782 - 13 January: Premiere of Schiller's play The Robbers.
* 1788 - Palais Bretzenheim built.
* 1794 - French in power.
* 1795
** Mannheim besieged during the Campaigns of 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars.
** Austrians in power.

## 19th century

* 1803 - Mannheim becomes part of the Electorate of Baden.
* 1806 - Mannheim becomes part of the Grand Duchy of Baden.
* 1819 - March: Writer August von Kotzebue assassinated.
* 1828 - Mannheim Harbour opens on the Rhine river.
* 1837 - Mannheimer Journal [de] newspaper begins publication.
* 1840 - Heidelberg-Mannheim railway begins operating.
* 1849 - Political unrest during the Baden Revolution.
* 1855 - Hauptsynagoge (Mannheim) [de] (synagogue) built.
* 1859 - Heinrich Lanz AG machinery manufactory in business.
* 1876 - Mannheim Hauptbahnhof (train station) built.
* 1880 - Population: 53,465.
* 1891 - Mannheim Fire Brigade [de] active.
* 1895 - Friesenheimer Insel [de] becomes part of Mannheim.
* 1896 - Population: 94,160.
* 1897 - Käfertal becomes part of Mannheim.
* 1899 - Neckarau [de] becomes part of Mannheim.
* 1900 - Population: 141,131.

## 20th century
### 1900s-1940s

* 1905 - Population: 162,607.
* 1907
** Industriehafen Mannheim (harbour) opens on the Neckar river.
** Stadtarchiv Mannheim [de] (city archives) established.
** Kunsthalle Mannheim (exhibit hall) built.
** SV Waldhof Mannheim (sport club) formed.
** Population: 173,424.
* 1910 - Feudenheim [de] becomes part of Mannheim.
* 1911
** Christuskirche (Mannheim) [de] (church) built.
** Population: 200,285.
* 1912 - Mannheim Firehouse [de] built.
* 1913 - Rheinau [de] and Sandhofen become part of Mannheim.
* 1914 - Bachchor Mannheim [de] (choir) formed.
* 1919 - Population: 229,576.
* 1924 - Mannheim Hospital (now University Hospital Mannheim) opened on the banks of the river Neckar
* 1925 - "Neue Sachlichkeit [de]" art exhibition held.
* 1926 - Airfield established at Neuostheim.
* 1929 - Wallstadt [de] becomes part of Mannheim.
* 1930
** Friedrichsfeld [de], Kirschgartshausen [de], Sandtorf [de], Seckenheim [de], Straßenheim [de] become part of Mannheim.
** Population: 271,833.
* 1938
** November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
** Landkreis Mannheim [de] (district) formed.
** Eisstadion am Friedrichspark (ice rink) built.
* 1940 - Bombing of Mannheim in World War II begins.
* 1944
** September: Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp established for Poles deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising.
** 2 October: First attempt to escape from the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp.
** 15 December: Three Polish prisoners of the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp killed in an Allied bombing.
* 1945
** 4 January: Public execution of a Polish prisoner of the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp.
** February: Some prisoners deported from the Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp to forced labour in Kochendorf.
** March: Remaining prisoners deported to Vaihingen an der Enz and Kochendorf; Mannheim-Sandhofen subcamp dissolved.
** 29 March: Americans capture the city.
** 6 April: Prisoner of War Executive (PWX) Camp No. 1 for liberated Allied POWs established.
** June: The PWX Camp No. 1 converted into the Polish PWX Camp No. 1.
** July: United States Coleman Army Airfield begins operating.
* 1946
** Mannheimer Morgen [de] newspaper begins publication.
** Polish PWX Camp No. 1 converted into the Tadeusz Kościuszko Civilian Guard Training Center, and later renamed to Tadeusz Kościuszko Theater Civilian Guard Training and Replacement Center for former Polish POWs.
* 1947
** United States military Benjamin Franklin Village established.
** 8 November: Polish Tadeusz Kościuszko Theater Civilian Guard Training and Replacement Center dissolved.
* 1949 - Mannheim Waterways and Shipping [de] office established.

### 1950s-1990s

* 1955 - Mannheimer Liste [de] Free Voters established.
* 1957 - National Theatre Mannheim rebuilt.
* 1959 - Rhine Bridge rebuilt.
* 1961 - Population: 313,890.
* 1967 - University of Mannheim established.
* 1970
** Landgericht Mannheim [de] (courthouse) built.
** Population: 332,378.
* 1972 - Kurt-Schumacher-Brücke (Mannheim) [de] (bridge) opens.
* 1975
** Fernmeldeturm Mannheim (communication tower) erected.
** National Bundesgartenschau 1975 [de] (garden show) held in Mannheim.
* 1976 - Federal electoral districts Mannheim I [de], II [de], and III [de] formed.
* 1979 - Odeon cinema opens.
* 1987 - Synagoge (Mannheim) [de] built on the Paradeplatz (Mannheim) [de].
* 1991
** Mannheimer Stadthaus [de] (city hall) built.
** Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway begins operating.
* 1992 - Revised federal electoral districts Mannheim I [de] and II [de] formed.
* 1994
** 5 December: Aircraft crashes into the Fernmeldeturm.
** Carl-Benz-Stadion (stadium) opens.
* 1995 - Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque built.

## 21st century

* 2002 - Revised federal Mannheim (electoral district) formed.
* 2003
** Popakademie Baden-Württemberg (music school) established.
** Glaskubus [de] memorial erected on the Mannheimer Planken [de].
* 2004 - Musikpark Mannheim [de] (business office) opens.
* 2005 - SAP Arena opens.
* 2007
** Peter Kurz becomes mayor.
** August: City hosts the 2007 FEI European Jumping Championship.
* 2010
** May: City co-hosts the 2010 IIHF World Championship.
** Population: 313,174.
* 2011 - United States Army Garrison Mannheim [de] closes.
* 2014 - 25 May: Baden-Württemberg local election, 2014 [de] held.
* 2024 Mannheim stabbing
* 2025 Mannheim car incident