OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khadijeh Saqafi

Khadijeh Saqafi (Persian: خدیجه ثقفی‎; 1915/1916 – 21 March 2009) was an Iranian revolutionary and the wife of Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran and figurehead of the Iranian Revolution. In Iran, she was known as "the mother of the Islamic revolution".

## Early life

Saqafi was born in 1915 or 1916 in Tehran, the daughter of Hajj Mirza Mohammad Thaqafi-e Tehrani, a respected cleric and merchant.

## Marriage and later years

Saqafi became the child bride of 29-year-old Ruhollah Khomeini in 1929 or 1931. They had seven children together, although only five survived childhood. The family resided in Qom until Khomeini's exile in 1964. Their son Mostafa died in Iraq in 1977 while in exile, while their second son Ahmad died of cardiac arrest in 1995.
Throughout their marriage, Saqafi largely stayed out of the public eye, although she was described as being a strong supporter of her husband's opposition to Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former President of Iran, referred to Saqafi as the "closest and most patient" supporter of her husband.

## Death

Saqafi died in Tehran on 21 March 2009 aged 93, following a long illness. Thousands attended her funeral at the University of Tehran, including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and then-President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Saqafi was buried next to her husband and son at his mausoleum in Behesht-e Zahra.
# Journal of Forestry

The Journal of Forestry is the primary scholarly journal of the Society of American Foresters. It aims to advance the forestry profession by keeping professional foresters informed about developments and ideas related to the practice of forestry. The journal publishes editorials and technical content related to the management of forests and related natural resources. Articles are generally written for an audience of natural resources professionals, with topics spanning the many facets or disciplines of forestry. The Journal is currently edited by Keith A. Blatner. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2018 impact factor is 2.675.

## History

The origins of the Journal of Forestry go back to October 1902, when one of its predecessors, the Forestry Quarterly, was first published at the New York State College of Forestry at Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, under the editorial advisement of Bernhard E. Fernow, John Gifford, and Walter Mulford. Less than a year later, upon closure of the College, the Quarterly commenced independent publication, with Bernhard E. Fernow as editor-in-chief and a board of editors consisting of many prominent figures in American forestry in the early part of the 20th century, including Carl A. Schenck, founder of the Biltmore Forest School and Andrew J. Foy of Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
The Journal of Forestry commenced publication in 1917, incorporating the Quarterly and the Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters. Volume was set at 15, continuing the Quarterly number system. Editorial responsibilities were assumed by the editorial board of the Society of American Foresters, for which the Journal became the official publication.
Since 2018, the Journal has been published by Oxford University Press. The archive of previous Proceedings and Journal volumes and issues is available from OUP's Journal website.

## Impact

In addition to impact rankings by Journal Impact Factor (JIF) Journal Citation Reports, Vanclay analyzed the ranking of 180 forestry journals by several additional metrics, including the h-index. He reported that for the period from 2000 to 2007, the Journal of Forestry ranked number 8 of 180 using the h-index.
# Virginia Water railway station

Virginia Water railway station serves the village of Virginia Water, in Surrey, England. It is 23 miles 15 chains (37.3 km) down the line from London Waterloo. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by South Western Railway.
The Waterloo to Reading Line and the Chertsey Branch Line join here with the platforms at the junction, as seen in the photograph (taken facing south). Trains from Weybridge and to Reading use either side of a V-shaped platform, allowing cross-platform interchange; the junction of the tracks is at the London end of the station. This station now has ticket barriers operational.

## History

The line from Staines to Ascot including this station, was opened by the London and South Western Railway on 4 June 1856; the section to Weybridge opened on 1 October 1866. Formerly a chord south of the station connected the Chertsey and Reading lines.
The station received a new station building in 1973 by British Rail, similarly treated to Wokingham and Sunningdale, from prefabricated concrete. The building is at the right of the photograph.
Modernisation in recent years provides ticket barriers and a bridge for step free access to platforms, incorporating lifts.

## Platforms

Virginia Water station has four platforms.
* Platform 1 - Semi-fast trains to London Waterloo via Richmond.
* Platform 2 - Trains to Ascot, Reading and stations to Farnham in peak hours.
* Platform 3 - Stopping service to London Waterloo via Hounslow.
* Platform 4 - Trains to Weybridge, or Woking on Sunday.

## Services

All services at Virginia Water are operated by South Western Railway.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
* 4 tph to London Waterloo (2 of these are stopping services via Hounslow and 2 are semi-fast via Richmond)
* 2 tph to Weybridge
* 2 tph to Reading via Bracknell
Additional services, including trains to and from Camberley and Aldershot call at the station during the peak hours.
On Sundays, the stopping services between Weybridge and London Waterloo are reduced to hourly and southbound trains run to and from Woking instead of Weybridge.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Egham | | South Western Railway Waterloo to Reading Line | | Longcross |
| Egham | | South Western Railway Chertsey Branch Line | | Chertsey |
# Timarit.is

Timarit.is (also known as Tímarit.is, Tidarrit.fo and Aviisitoqqat.gl) is an open access digital library run by the National and University Library of Iceland which hosts digital editions of newspapers and magazines published in Iceland, Faroe Islands and Greenland as well as publications in their languages elsewhere, such as Canada which had a large influx of Icelanders in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The project was initially sponsored by the West Nordic Council and launched its web interface under the title VESTNORD in 2002. The web interface has since undergone two major revisions, in 2003 and 2008. With the last revision a decision was made to gradually convert images from the DjVu image format to the more common PDF. Hence, part of the collection can be viewed with the DjVu plugin and part with a PDF reader.
The digital collection covers material from the 17th century to the early 21st century and offers users the ability to collect bookmarks on their free account for ease of use as well as do a text search on the majority of the collection. As of February 2009 there were more than 2.6 million images in the archive of which 2 million had been OCRed.
Initially the aim was to limit access to newspapers published before 1930 to avoid questions of copyright but shortly afterwards the project made an agreement with Morgunblaðið to scan and publish issues which are three years old. This agreement was followed with others involving both current and defunct newspapers published in the 20th century. Newspapers published after 2000 are usually sent to the library in digital format. The general rule, depending on agreements with each publisher, is to make these available 2–3 years after their initial publication.
# Juan Luis Boscio

Juan Luis Boscio Desprez (21 June 1896 – 3 September 1980) was a Puerto Rican merchant and Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 1961 to 1964. During his tenure as mayor, in 1962, a major shopping mall opened in the city called Centro del Sur which, at the moment of its opening was "the most modern in the Caribbean".

## Early years

Boscio Desprez was the son of Juan Bautista Boscio-Cofresí and Eugenia Desprez Boudon. He was born on 21 June 1896 in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. He married Herminia Monllor on 23 December 1922 and they had 3 children: Roberto (b. abt. 1925), Jose Luis (b. abt 1926), and Gladys (b. abt. 1928).

## Politics

In 1944, he was selected to conclude the term of Senator Ramón Barreto Pérez. He was a member of the Puerto Rico Senate in 1944 and chaired two Senate commissions, the Labor Commission; and the Police and Civil Service Commission. In the 1960 elections, he was elected Mayor of the city of Ponce, a position he held from 1961 to 1964.

## Philanthropist

Juan Luis Boscio was one of the founders of the Albergue de Niños de Ponce (Ponce Children's Shelter), a non-profit organization dedicated to the providing shelter for homeless children. The shelter building opened in 1947 on the north side of Calle Villa in Barrio Canas, between Calle Cementerio Civil and Calle Central. Boscio also donated $10,000 from his own capital to help pay for the project. Albergue de Niños later moved to the south side of Calle Villa, past Jaime L. Drew School, east of PR-500.

## Death

Boscio Deprez died on 3 September 1980 from an "aortic insufficiency and heart failure." He was buried at Cementerio Católico San Vicente de Paul in Ponce.

## Indictment of son

In the early 1980s, Juan Luis Boscio Monllor, son of Juan Luis Boscio Desprez, (aka, Juan Luis Boscio, Jr.) was president of the board of directors of the Ponce Municipal Development Authority (PMDA) during the tenure of mayor José G. Tormos Vega. His son, Boscio Monllor, was indicted on 31 October 1985, by a federal grand jury for extortion, together with mayor Tormos Vega. He was tried on 27 May 1988.
# Gummiinsel

Gummiinsel (German for Rubber Island) is the nickname of a residential estate in the western part of Giessen (Germany), so-called because of its location close to the rubber factory Poppe & Co., and also because of a history of flooding from the nearby Lahn river. It lies on the opposite side of the Lahn from the rest of the city, and stands out by its distinctive building style.

## Location

The Gummiinsel was built 1932-39 as part of the Nazi Siedlungspolitik, a programme of relocating parts of the urban populations in highly organized self-suffient suburban communities. The homes were small two-storey red brick houses with no basement, each with a small front yard. They were built within a concept similar to council houses as emergency shelters, especially for families of Yenish tradesmen, showmen, scrap merchants, second-hand dealers and descendants of regional Sinti families.
Later these houses have been renovated, partially demolished, replaced by high-rise public housing and the residential area to the west city expanded. As far as they still exist, they are now in possession of the municipal-private housing company, Wohnbau Gießen GmbH.

## Sociology

The Gummiinsel was and still is regarded as a social focal point. The name of the neighbourhood had a disparaging tone. The population structure of the area is still (as of 31 December 2012) characterized by a high concentration of low-income and socially disadvantaged households and by a great ethnic diversity. The percentage of children is higher than in other parts of the town. The proportion of households living on benefits is very high. Due to the elimination of jobs in the manufacturing sector for the people in the western city there are few chances of employment. For part of the person concerned, this means permanent unemployment and persistent chronic poverty. In recent times, there was an increased influx of families with a migration background. This has intensified integration and tolerance problems between traditional incumbent poverty, substandard poverty and new immigrant groups.
Under the influence of the student movement there emerged citizens' groups, who took care of the misery in this remote district, and offered especially support to the many large families. Community work in the area and extensive building renovations defused the social focus. Since the early 1970s the city tried to apply counter measures to the continued threat of isolation and impoverishment.

## Language

Residents of Gummiinsel spoke, at least until the 1980s, an unusual dialect within the traditional neighborhood including the close-by estates Margaretenhütte (Henriette-Fürth-Straße) and Eulenkopf ("Owl Head"): It was a Sociolect based on Manisch and Romani language. Today the Manisch slang exists only in relics and the cant or cryptolect (i.e. secret language) has nearly disappeared.
# Zayzun, Daraa

Zayzun (Arabic: زيزون, romanized: Zayzūn; also spelled Zaizoun or Zeizoun) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, and located northwest of Daraa on the Syrian-Jordanian borders. The village is famous for its waterfalls and other natural sites. According to the Syrian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 3,956 in the 2004 census.

## History
### Antiquity

Zayzun is identified with Zeizin (Hebrew: זיזין), a Jewish village located in the territory of Naveh (modern Nawa, Syria) in the region of Batanaea. It is mentioned in Roman-era sources, including rabbinic literature and the Mosaic of Rehob.

### Ottoman period

In 1596 Zayzun appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Bani Juhma in the Qada of Hauran. It had an all Muslim population consisting of 13 households and 5 bachelors. A fixed tax−rate of 25% was paid on wheat (3000 akçe), barley (900 a.), summer crops (1600 a.), goats and/or beehives (200 a.), in addition to taxes occasional revenues (200 a.); a total of 5,900 akçe.
In 1884 the American archaeologist Gottlieb Schumacher visited the village. He noted that it occupied both sides of a small lake called Bahret Zeizun, which was formed by the Zeizun waterfall. The northern side of the village stood at a higher elevation and held more importance than its southern counterpart. Gardens of pomegranates, figs and other orchards laid to the north of the village and were irrigated by the Wadi al-Ajami stream.
Schumacher noted that the village had recently flourished but had declined sharply by the time of his visit due to a blood feud between its sheikh (village headman) and the local Bedouin tribes, which forced the sheikh, his relatives and other residents to abandon Zayzun for the nearby Tell Shihab. There remained in Zayzun about 200 Muslim inhabitants, including several Africans. In all there were 55 largely dilapidated homes, all built of stone. The former sheikh's house had a courtyard and was well built but was falling into ruin.

## Syrian Railways

Zayzun is the last stop of the secondary route of the Syrian Railways which primarily connect Damascus to Dera'a.
# 1948 Colorado Buffaloes football team

The 1948 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado as a member of the Big Seven Conference during the 1948 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Dallas Ward, the Buffaloes compiled an overall record of 3–6 with a mark of 2–3 in conference play, placing fourth in the Big 7.
Colorado was ranked at No. 82 in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System ratings for 1948.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | New Mexico* | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO | L 6–9 | 16,125 |
| October 2 | at Kansas | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | L 7–40 | 21,000 |
| October 9 | Nebraska | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO (rivalry) | W 19–6 | 19,516 |
| October 16 | at Iowa State | Clyde Williams FieldAmes, IA | L 7–18 | 14,530 |
| October 23 | Kansas State | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO (rivalry) | W 51–7 | 19,518 |
| October 30 | at Utah* | Ute StadiumSalt Lake City, UT (rivalry) | L 12–14 | 17,003 |
| November 6 | Utah State* | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO | W 28–14 | 10,322 |
| November 13 | at No. 20 at Missouri | Memorial StadiumColumbia, MO | L 13–27 | 22,500 |
| November 20 | Colorado A&M | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO (rivalry) | L 25–29 | 13,998 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||
# Thermal Hall effect

In solid-state physics, the thermal Hall effect, also known as the Righi–Leduc effect, named after independent co-discoverers Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc, is the thermal analog of the Hall effect. Given a thermal gradient across a solid, this effect describes the appearance of an orthogonal temperature gradient when a magnetic field is applied.
For conductors, a significant portion of the thermal current is carried by the electrons. In particular, the Righi–Leduc effect describes the heat flow resulting from a perpendicular temperature gradient and vice versa. The Maggi–Righi–Leduc effect, named after Gian Antonio Maggi [it], describes changes in thermal conductivity when placing a conductor in a magnetic field.
A thermal Hall effect has also been measured in a paramagnetic insulators, called the "phonon Hall effect". In this case, there are no charged currents in the solid, so the magnetic field cannot exert a Lorentz force. Phonon thermal Hall effects have been measured in various classes of non-magnetic insulating solids, but the exact mechanism giving rise to this phenomenon is largely unknown. An analogous thermal Hall effect for neutral particles exists in polyatomic gases, known as the Senftleben–Beenakker effect.
Measurements of the thermal Hall conductivity are used to distinguish between the electronic and lattice contributions to thermal conductivity. These measurements are especially useful when studying superconductors.

## Description

Given a conductor or semiconductor with a temperature difference in the x-direction and a magnetic field B perpendicular to it in the z-direction, then a temperature difference can occur in the transverse y-direction,
    ${\frac {\partial T}{\partial y}}=R_{\mathrm {TH} }B{\frac {\partial T}{\partial x}}$
The Righi–Leduc effect is a thermal analogue of the Hall effect. With the Hall effect, an externally applied electrical voltage causes an electrical current to flow. The mobile charge carriers (usually electrons) are transversely deflected by the magnetic field due to the Lorentz force. In the Righi–Leduc effect, the temperature difference causes the mobile charge carriers to flow from the warmer end to the cooler end. Here, too, the Lorentz force causes a transverse deflection. Since the electrons transport heat, one side is heated more than the other.
The thermal Hall coefficient $R_{\mathrm {TH} }$ (sometimes also called the Righi–Leduc coefficient) depends on the material and has units of tesla$^{−1}$. It is related to the Hall coefficient $R_{\mathrm {H} }$ by the electrical conductivity $\sigma$, as
    $R_{\rm {TH}}=\sigma R_{\rm {H}}$.
# Dheeran Chinnamalai

Dheeran Chinnamalai (17 April 1756 – 3 August 1805) was a chieftain who ruled the odanilai region of the present day western Tamil Nadu. He fought against the British East India Company, was later captured and hanged by the British.

## Early life

Dheeran Chinnamalai is first born as Theerthagiri Sarkarai Manradiar on 17 April 1756 near present-day Kangeyam, Tiruppur district in a Kongu Vellalar clan.

## Reign

Chinnamalai fights against the Kingdom of Mysore who was collecting taxes in the Kongu region. He later allies himself with Tipu Sultan to fight against the British East India Company. After initial successes in repelling the British at Srirangapatna, he goes back to Odanilai and builds a fortress. After the deaths of Kattabomman and Tipu Sultan, Chinnamalai becomes one of the commanders in the Second Polygar War in 1801 in the story. He then engages in guerrilla warfare and wins battles at Cauvery in 1801, Odanilai in 1802 and Arachalur in 1804. Later, his army gets defeated in 1805 and he escapes from the British forces.

## Death

Chinnamalai was hanged at Sankagiri Fort by the British on 2 August 1805 along with his two brothers. Some sources note the date of his death as July 31.

## Legacy

Statues and memorials commemorating Chinnamalai exist in Chennai, Tiruchirappalli, Erode and Odanilai.
On 31 July 2005, a commemorative postage stamp was released by India Post.
Until 1997, Tiruchirapalli division of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation was known as Dheeran Chinnamalai Transport Corporation.
The headquarters of Erode district collectorate and the Erode Municipal Corporation are named after him.
# 1948 Delaware State Hornets football team

The 1948 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College—now known as Delaware State University—as a member of the Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1948 college football season. The Hornets compiled a 4–5 record under coach Tom Conrad. Of their five losses, three of them were by 40 points or more.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 25 | North Carolina College | Dover, DE | L 0–14 |
| October 2 | vs. Morgan State | Wilmington ParkWilmington, DE | L 0–41 |
| October 9 | at Lincoln (PA) | Lincoln, PA | W 7–6 |
| October 16 | Johnson C. Smith | Dover, DE | W 14–12 |
| October 23 | at Winston-Salem | Winston-Salem, NC | L 7–12 |
| October 30 | at Saint Paul's (VA) | Lawrenceville, VA | W 58–0 |
| November 6 | Wilberforce State* | Dover, DE | L 0–41 |
| November 13 | Howard | Dover, DE | L 0–40 |
| November 20 | at St. Augustine's | Raleigh, NC | W 22–0 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# CITV (disambiguation)

CITV is a British free-to-air children's television programming block and former children's channel owned by ITV plc.
CITV may also refer to one of the following:
* CITV-DT, Global Television Network owned-and-operated station in Edmonton, Alberta
* CITV (Bermuda), local government-run channel in Bermuda
* CiTV (Estonia), former television channel in Estonia
* Cook Islands Television, oldest television station in the Cook Islands
* Commander's Independent Thermal Viewer, as on M1A2 and later variants of the M1 Abrams tank and many other modern tanks.
* Co-operative Institute of Technology, Vatakara, Engineering college in Kerala, India
# Kirara, Ano ang Kulay ng Pag-ibig?

Kirara, Ano ang Kulay ng Pag-ibig? (trans. / international title: Kirara, What is the Color of Love?) is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Gina Alajar, it stars Erika Ann Luna and Patricia Javier both in the title role. It premiered on August 16, 1999. The series concluded on November 2, 2001, with a total of 566 episodes.

## Cast and characters
### Lead cast

* Erika Ann Luna as younger Kirara
* Patricia Javier as older Kirara

### Supporting cast

* Amy Austria as Rose
* Sandy Andolong as Charito
* Tirso Cruz III as Jon
* Daniel Fernando as Ka Puroy
* Joonee Gamboa as Romano Santillanes
* Leni Rivera as Vicky
* Ryan Eigenmann as Bulik
* Aya Medel as Bening / Raquel
* Geoff Eigenmann as Joshua
* Joanne Miller as Shirley
* Alessandra de Rossi as Emily
* Cris Cruz as Emil
* Ian de Leon as Fred
* Gigette Reyes as Leona
* Rayver Cruz as younger Joseph
* Eugene Domingo as Belen
* Chat Silayan-Bailon as Elaine
* Francis Ricafort as Jonard
* Joepri Mariano as Ricky
* Viel Lobitana as Viel
* Bernabeth Joyce Elipane as Dindi De Guia
* Raymond Bagatsing as Miguel
* Amy Austria as Rose
* Robin Da Rosa as Joseph
* Maureen Larrazabal as Sabrina
* Nicole Hofer as Jenny
* Alvin Anson as Raffy
* Marcus Madrigal as Michael

## Accolades

Accolades received by Kirara, Ano ang Kulay ng Pag-ibig? :
| Year | Awards | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| 2000 | 14th PMPC Star Awards for Television | Best Drama Series | Kirara, Ano ang Kulay ng Pag-ibig? | Won | |