OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lion lights

Lion lights are devices designed to scare away lions from a set perimeter to protect cattle and other herd animals. Lion lights were originally invented by Richard Turere to prevent night attacks by lions on his family's cattle, which also helps prevent lions from being hunted in retaliation by poachers.

## Background

In Kenya, the number of lions in Kenya plummeted from 15,000 to 2,500 within two decades, placing lions on a path to extinction.
One contributing factor is that, due to a loss of habitat, predators frequently turn to hunting livestock rather than other wild animals, which leads to lions being killed in retaliation by poachers.

## History

Turere began taking care of his father's cattle at the age of nine. Determined to find a solution to this problem that would benefit both local farmers and wildlife, Turere started experimenting with lighting fires, kerosene lamps, and scarecrows. However, "none of them worked because predators are clever." Turere noticed that the lions did not attack when people were present, and he theorized that they were deterred by moving torchlight. Therefore, Turere placed LED lights around the perimeter of his family's cow shed, connected them to vehicle indicator flashers, and powered the system from car batteries charged by a solar panel. The lion attacks ceased, and neighbours soon asked him to set up similar systems around their farms. This invention became the driving force behind Turere's creation of the Lion Lights system.
"I developed a sequence of intermittently flashing lights that continuously changed over time, thereby deceiving the lions into believing that someone was traversing the area with a flashlight. Thanks to my invention, our weekly loss of three cows was entirely eradicated," Turere said to WIPO Magazine.
Based on this invention, Turere won a scholarship to Brookhouse School.
Turere and his Lion Lights also made the final three for the Young Inventors Prize at the 2023 European Inventor Award. He came in first, winning the main trophy, as well as €20,000 to help with his work.
# Karen Koch (plant biologist)

Karen Koch is a plant biologist in the horticultural science department in the University of Florida. She is a professor in the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (PMCB) Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, and Genetics Institute at University of Florida.

## Research interest

Koch's lab is best known for its research on sugar-responsive gene expression and the capacity for this process to alter form and function of plants. Sugar availability provides pivotal cues for adjustment of genes affecting C and N allocation in plants. Of all the nutrients and hormones involved, sucrose remains the “life blood” of plants. This sugar occupies a truly central position in vascular transport, carbon partitioning within the plant, and as a source of sugar signals for responsive genes.
Her group thus focuses on genes that affect sucrose metabolism, its contribution to sugar signaling, and its partitioning to different end products. Particular attention is being directed toward maize kernel (fruit) development, cell-wall composition, and mechanisms of sugar transfer. Single-gene knockout mutants are being used to examine gene function.
Current projects are testing hypotheses for carbon-partitioning and gene expression in developing maize ovaries from floral differentiation to kernel harvest, and for involvement of key genes in cell wall biosynthesis at strategic stages of development (e.g. root-hair and pollen-tube elongation, early phases of kernel differentiation, and growth of seedlings).

## Research and work

* Genetic and Genomic Approaches to Understanding Long-Distance Transport and Carbon Partitioning. NSF-PGRP. Braun et al. (2011-2015). Diverse approaches are testing mechanisms of phloem function and carbon partitioning in maize and arabidopsis.
* Adapting Kernel Metabolism to Enhance Cereal Yield Under Adverse Conditions. NIFA. Hannah et al. (2011-2014). Central focus is heat-tolerance of genes for kernel dry weight.
* UniformMu: A Transposon Resource for Mutagenesis in Maize. NSF-PGRP. McCarty and Koch. (2007-2011; 2011-2013). Single-gene knock-outs provide an outstanding means of testing gene function, and mutant lines are now available for over a third of maize genes.

## Awards and honors

Koch is the 2016 recipient of the Charles Reid Barnes Award, the American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)’s oldest award. According to ASPB 'Karen has excelled in research, in the training of students of plant biology, and in service to the Society. Her research on carbohydrate metabolism and sugar signaling is known internationally and her training of plant biology students is legendary.'
Her work on carbon metabolism and the effects of sugars on gene expression was one of five 2012 fellows inducted by the ASPB organization. Koch’s “feast and famine” framework for regulating the expression of genes forms the basis for understanding the responses of plant organs to sugar signaling to optimize resource allocation. She served the group as an elected member of its Executive Committee and is the first Fellow of ASPB recipient from Florida. She was on the Plant Physiology editorial board from 1987 to 1993.
# Dara Sajfutdinova

Darja Sajfutdinova (born 3 May 1997) is a former German rhythmic gymnast of Russian descent. Sajfutdinova trained from 2011 to at the federal base in Fellbach and is a member of TSV Schmiden.

## Career
### Junior

Competing for TV Wattenscheid 01 RSG, Sajfutdinova took part in the German junior championships for the first time in 2010 and was second in the All-Around. She also placed 2nd in the rope and ball apparatus finals and 3rd with clubs, she became German junior champion with hoop.
In 2011 Sajfutdinova was initially part of the junior group of the RSG Rhein Ruhr, which won the national qualification for the European Junior Championships, but was then replaced by Lea Godejohann from Schwerin. In the summer of 2011, Darja then moved from Bochum-Wattenscheid to the federal base in Fellbach near Stuttgart.

### Senior

Since 2013, Sajfutdinova has competed in seniors and was able to win the bronze medal in her first German championship in the All-Around and in the apparatus finals with ball and ribbon. She was also 4th with clubs and 2nd hoop. She competed at the World Cup tournament in Pesaro, Italy, where she finished 33rd. At the Berlin Masters, which is a competition in the Grand Prix series, she came in 17th.
In March 2014 Sajfutdinova took part in the World Cup in Stuttgart, since only two gymnasts per country are allowed to start at World Cup tournaments and these places were taken by Jana Berezko-Marggrander and Laura Jung, she performed out of competition. Two weeks later she finished 25th at the World Cup in Lisbon. At the German Championships in Halle, Darja, like the year before, was 3rd in the All-Around, ball and ribbon, 7th with clubs and 4th with hoop. At the World Cup in Sofia in August, Sajfutdinova debuted as a member of the national group with Judith Hauser, Anastasija Khmelnytska, Daniela Potapova and Rana Tokmak, and finished 9th in the All-Around and 7th in the 10 clubs' final and 8th with 3 balls + 2 ribbons. Like the previous year, the group finished the 2014 World Championships in İzmir in 9th place in the All-Around, 10th with 3 ribbons + 2 balls and 7th place with 10 clubs.
In 2015, the group missed direct Olympic qualification at the World Championships. Due to hip problems, Sajfutdinova was unable to compete in the decisive Olympic qualification in early 2016 and then ended her career.
# Sorrus

Sorrus is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

Sorrus lies 2 miles (3 km) west of Montreuil-sur-Mer at the junction of the D144 and the D145 roads.

## Places of interest

* The church of St.Riqiuer, dating from the sixteenth century
* Traces of the 16th century Château-Bleu.
* The nineteenth century Château de la Bruyère.
# 1800 in South Africa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive

## Events

* The Government Gazette started printing in the Cape Colony.
* Ndlambe and his people settle west of the Fish River, previously cleared of AmaXhosa by the Dutch.

### July

* The Cape Colony government launches the Cape Town Gazette and African Advertiser, restricting press freedom with heavy fines.
# Marcus Evelyn Collins

Marcus Evelyn Collins (1861–1944) was one of the nine sons and two daughters of London architect and City of London District Surveyor Hyman Henry Collins (1833–1905).
Noted buildings by H. H. Collins included a number of synagogues, such as the St John's Wood United Synagogue, the Chatham Memorial Synagogue, and the Park Row Synagogue, Bristol. H. H. Collins was also a staunch advocate of domestic sanitation for all classes of housing – "He was instrumental in the framing of the first London Building Act and was one of the pioneers of improvements in sanitation of towns."
Marcus Collins followed his father into architectural practice, later working on a number of noted London buildings including "London's Wonder Works", the Arcadia Cigarette Factory in Hampstead where, from the late 1920s to the late 1950s, Black Cat and Craven "A" cigarettes were made.
One of his younger brothers, Horace Samuel Collins (1875–1964), trained and worked as a surveyor but subsequently became Press agent for the Drury Lane Theatre, and was later appointed Secretary of the Theatrical Managers' Association.
Their youngest brother Frank Louis Collins (1878–1957) was Charles B. Cochran's general stage director, and another of the Collins brothers was Arthur P. Collins (1864–1932), managing director of Drury Lane Theatre.

## Private life

In 1889, Marcus Collins married Florette Davis, daughter of London portrait photographer Hyman Davis: Marcus Collins was thus brother-in-law of theatre critic and librettist "Owen Hall", novelist "Frank Danby", and journalist "Mrs Aria".
# Marcus Walker (rugby league)

Marcus Walker (born 12 August 2002) is an English professional rugby league player who plays as a centre.
He previously played for Hull FC in the Super League, and spent time on loan from Hull at Whitehaven in the Championship.

## Playing career
### Hull FC

In 2021 he made his Hull début in the Super League against the Catalans Dragons on 13 August after previously being named on the bench but not playing for the home game against the Huddersfield Giants. In 2022 he had a loan spell at Whitehaven RLFC.

### Dewsbury Rams

On 18 November 2023 he signed for Dewsbury Rams in the RFL Championship on a 1-year deal.

### Wynnum Manly

On 28th February 2025 he was announced as part of the Wynnum Manly Seagulls Hostplus Cup squad for the 2025 season.
# Daria Kobets

Daria Kobets (Ukrainian: Дарія Кобець, born 2000) is a Ukrainian female rhythmic gymnast. She is member of Ukrainian rhythmic gymnastics national team since 2017. At the 2018 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships in Guadalajara she won two silver medals in team events.
# Troye-d'Ariège

Troye-d'Ariège (Occitan: Troia d'Arièja) is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.

## Population

Inhabitants of Troye-d'Ariège are called Troyens.
# Slater Memorial Museum

The Slater Memorial Museum is a historic building and art museum on the grounds of the Norwich Free Academy in Norwich, Connecticut, designed by the architect Stephen C. Earle. The building was begun in 1885, dedicated on November 4, 1886, and opened to the public in 1888. It was commissioned by the textile magnate William A. Slater in honor of his father, John Fox Slater (1815–1884). The building, constructed of brick and brownstone in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, with rusticated masonry, medieval decorative elements, and the lavish use of tiles and terracotta, is considered by some to be Earle's finest work. It is a contributing property in the Chelsea Parade Historic District in the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places. The adjacent Converse Art Gallery, built in 1906, was designed by the firm of Cudworth & Woodworth.
The original museum collection consisted of 227 plaster casts of ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Renaissance sculpture, acquired in 1887–1888 with the assistance of Edward Robinson, the curator of classical antiquities at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. These are still displayed in the main hall of the building, and together represent one of the largest surviving collections of plaster casts in the United States. The original displays also included electrotype copies of ancient Greek coins and Renaissance medals, together with photographs of European art and architecture. The collection has since expanded to include colonial and local historic artifacts, American and European paintings and decorative arts, African and Oceanic sculpture, and Native American objects.
# Jean-Pierre Kotze

Jean-Pierre Kotze (born 23 April 1994) is a Namibian cricketer. He is a left-handed wicket-keeper and batsman. Kotze was part of Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament and for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Kotze made his ODI debut on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final.
In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Botswana on 20 August 2019 during Botswana's tour of Namibia. On debut, he finished on 101 not out, from 43 balls. He became the first batsman for Namibia to score a century in a T20I match.
In August, Kotze was named in Namibia's ODI squad for the 2019 United States Tri-Nation Series. On 20 September 2019, in the match against the United States, he scored 136 runs to become the first batsman for Namibia to score a century in ODI cricket. Later the same month, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates. Ahead of the tournament, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player in Namibia's squad.
In 2021, Kotze retired from cricket at the end of the home season in Namibia to spend more time with his family. However, in April 2022, he announced he was coming out of retirement. A few days later, he was named in Namibia's T20I squad for their series against Uganda.
In May 2024, he was named in Namibia’s squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.
# Sterling Township, Hodgeman County, Kansas

Sterling Township is a township in Hodgeman County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 144.

## Geography

Sterling Township covers an area of 144.24 square miles (373.6 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements.
The streams of Rock Creek and White Woman Creek run through this township. According to the USGS, there is one church and one cemetery, St. Mary's. St. Mary's Parish was dissolved in 1997 and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.
# Latmiya

A Latmiya (Arabic: لطمية), Matam (Urdu: ماتم; Hindi: मातम) or Sinadoydu (Azerbaijani: Sinədöydü) is a ritual used to express grief through poetry with thumping of the chest, usually done by Shia Muslims in the holy month of Muharram. While it is known as Latmiya in Arabic and Iranic countries, it is known as Matam (chest beating) in India and Pakistan and Sinadoydu in Azerbaijan. There is also an extensive version of a Latmiya called Shoor (Arabic: شور), that includes "jumping up and down" and "repeating words". While not forbidden according to many Shias, it is seen as unneccesary and bad among many circles.
A Latmiya may incorporate clapping, which expresses joy, while chest-thumping expresses sadness. They are often done in remembrance of the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Latmiyas are a part of the Mourning of Muharram and Ashura, which is a set of rituals commemorating the Battle of Karbala (AD 680/AH 61), that resulted in the martyrdom of Husayn by the Ummayad forces of Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad and Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah.
# 1713 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during 1713 in South Africa.

## Incumbents

* Acting Governor of the Cape Colony - Willem Helot
* Governor of the Cape Colony - Louis van Assenberg

## Events

* Cape slaves flee but are captured and punished. Thomas van Bengalen is hanged, and the leader Tromp van Madagascar is sentenced to impalement but commits suicide.
* Other Cape captives have their Achilles tendons severed or feet broken on the wheel.
* A smallpox outbreak kills 25% of the White Cape population and devastates the Cape Khoikhoi. The Khoikhoi, due to a lack of immunity, have their population nearly wiped.
* A Cape labour shortage follows, land becomes "ownerless" and is taken by colonial cattle farmers.
* 90% of the Khoikhoi population ends up being killed in the smallpox epidemic.
# Derek Hines

Derek Jabez Hines (8 February 1931 - August 2001) was an English football player who played for Derby County, Shrewsbury Town, Rugby Town and most notably Leicester City.
During his time at Leicester he forged a prolific strike partnership with Arthur Rowley and helped Leicester to the Second Division title in both 1953-54 and 1956-57. He scored 117 goals in total for the club making him the club's 4th top goalscorer of all-time. He is also the last person to score 4 goals in one game for the club in a 6-3 victory over Aston Villa in November 1958.
He returned to the club for a spell as youth team coach in the 1970s.
# Shonbeh and Tasuj District

Shonbeh and Tasuj District (Persian: بخش شنبه و طسوج) is in Dashti County, Bushehr province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Shonbeh.

## History

The village of Shonbeh was elevated to the status of a city in 2007.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 7,308 in 1,546 households. The following census in 2011 counted 7,903 people in 1,930 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 8,621 inhabitants living in 2,393 households.
Shonbeh and Tasuj District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Shonbeh RD | 6,361 | 4,454 | 4,808 |
| Tasuj RD | 947 | 921 | 1,066 |
| Shonbeh (city) | | 2,528 | 2,747 |
| Total | 7,308 | 7,903 | 8,621 |
| RD = Rural District ||||

### 2013 Dashti County earthquake

A strong earthquake measuring 6.1 struck the city of Shonbeh and villages of Shonbeh and Tasuj District on 9 April 2013, killing at least thirty-seven people.
# Lamesley

Lamesley is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 3,742. The village is on the southern outskirts of Gateshead, near to Birtley. The parish includes Kibblesworth, Lamesley village, Eighton Banks and Northside, Birtley which is predominantly private housing in neighbourhoods named The Hollys, Long Bank, Northdene and Crathie. The ruined Ravensworth Castle is also in Lamesley.
A hilltop contemporary sculpture in the parish is the Angel of the North by Anthony Gormley on a minor hilltop which is lower than the adjoining Low Fell and High Fell outside the parish.

## Demography

Combined, this area had a population of 3,928 people as of the 2001 census and unlike the small rise in the overall region it saw a decrease to 3,742 at the following census. The Gateshead MBC ward of Lamesley had a population of 8,662 at the 2011 Census. Both the ward and civil parish are very homogenous. For instance, in the 2011 Census, the ward was 96.9% White British.

## History

Evidence of a medieval village located just to the south of Haggs Lane has been documented, with ridge and furrow, field boundaries and a holloway visible as earthworks. This has been recognised as one of the best surviving medieval landscapes in the Tyne and Wear region.
The Ravensworth Arms in Lamesley is said to be where Lewis Carroll wrote parts of Alice in Wonderland.
# CWISE J1055+5443

CWISE J1055+5443 (CWISE J105512.11+544328.3) is a (sub-)brown dwarf with the spectral type of Y0 (pec). It is around 22 light years distant from earth.

## Discovery

CWISE J1055+5443 was first identified as either a WISE galaxy or dwarf candidate by Griffith et al. in 2012. CWISE J1055+5443 was independently discovered as a close brown dwarf in 2021 by Kirkpatrick et al. using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and follow-up observations using the Spitzer Space Telescope. Dan Caselden, Samuel J. Goodman and J. Davy Kirkpatrick are the discoverers of this object. Two of these are citizen scientists of the Backyard Worlds project. Originally it was estimated that this object is a subdwarf with the spectral type T8. The spectral type was uncertain at that time. Follow-up observations with Keck/NIRES found it to be a nearby and unusual blue Y-dwarf.

## Physical properties

A Spitzer follow-up program found a parallax of 145.0 ± 14.7 mas, which corresponds to a close distance of around 7 parsec. The follow-up paper found that the J-band spectrum matches well with the Y0 standard. The spectrum in the YJHK bands do on the other hand not match with any standard. Ammonia (NH$_3$) and methane (CH$_4$) abundances, as well as Spitzer ch2 (4.5 μm) magnitude also match an early Y-type object. Absorption due to water vapor (H$_2$O) was also detected in the spectrum. CWISE J1055+5443 shows peculiar colors. It is one of the reddest object in WISE W2-W3 colors and the Spitzer color (ch1−ch2 = 1.84 ±0.04) is the bluest among spectroscopically confirmed Y-dwarfs. Only the unconfirmed metal-poor Y-dwarf candidate WISE 1534–1043 is bluer at this wavelength.
The spectrum was compared to LOWZ models and Sonora Bobcat grid, but no satisfactory model fit was achieved. The best fits require a low surface gravity and it is suspected that models with an even lower gravity are required to produce a better fit. A low gravity is often seen as an indicator for a low mass and a young age for brown dwarfs. Using the astrometry of CWISE J1055+5443 the researchers found that it has a 98.2% probability to belong to the nearby candidate moving group Crius 197, which contains 10 young stars and is about 180 ± 9 Myr old. Assuming this group is real and CWISE J1055+5443 is a member of this group, then it would have a mass of 4–6 M$_J$. The membership to this group and potential young age of CWISE J1055+5443 is not certain and follow-up observations are needed to confirm this.
# David O'Halloran

David Neil O'Halloran (8 September 1955 – 11 April 2013) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Recruited from Ivanhoe Grammar School, O'Halloran debuted for Hawthorn in 1976 as a defender and was a premiership player that year. Nicknamed "Rubber", O'Halloran won another premiership with Hawthorn in 1983 and after being on the losing grand final team two years later he left Hawthorn, finishing with 160 games. A Victorian representative in interstate football, O'Halloran was selected in the 1982 'Team of the Year' by the VFL.

## Death

Married with two children, O'Halloran died from a heart attack while cycling on 11 April 2013 at age 57.
# Cardeñosa

Cardeñosa is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2011 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 513 inhabitants.
# Ewald Hammes

Ewald Hammes (born 4 August 1950) is a German footballer who played as a forward for SG Wattenscheid 09. He competed for West Germany in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.