# Principal areas of Wales

The principal areas of Wales, comprising the counties and county boroughs of Wales, are a form of subdivision in Wales. There are currently 22 principal areas in Wales, and they were established in 1996. They are a single-tier form of local government, each governed by a principal council. They replaced the previous two-tier system of eight counties and 37 districts that were in place in Wales from 1974 to 1996.

## Description

For local government, Wales is divided into 22 sub-divisions collectively called "principal areas" in the 1994 act. They may be styled as either a "county" or a "county borough". Each principal area is overseen by a "principal council", which may also adopt their principal area style, being called a "county council" (Welsh: cyngor sir) or a "county borough council" (Welsh: cyngor bwrdeistref sirol).
The basic framework of local government and specifically a council's constitution and general powers were set out in the Local Government Act 1972, which simplified the existing local governing structure in Wales that existed prior. The later Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 restructured local government, by significantly amending the previous act. The councils of the principal areas are generally supervised by the Welsh Government.
The names of the principal areas, in both English and Welsh, are set out in the 1994 amended version of the 1972 act, under Schedule 4. Section 74 of the 1972 act allows principal councils to change their names, if there is a two-third majority support for such in a specially convened meeting. Since their establishment, multiple councils have pursued a name change. Any notice of a name change has to be submitted to the Welsh Ministers and the Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales. The 1972 changes were enacted in 1974 by the then Conservative administration.
The principal areas' councils are unitary authorities, and are sub-divided into communities and electoral wards.
Some of the principal areas have county borough status, a largely historical status that reflects their historical existence as major population centres. The eleven county boroughs of Wales are Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Conwy, Merthyr Tydfil, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Torfaen, Vale of Glamorgan and Wrexham. County borough status does not award any different rights compared to the other counties. The 1994 act stated they should not be treated as a "borough" as defined by earlier legislation.
The other eleven have county status, and are styled as "counties".
The principal areas' boundaries are made up of its electoral wards, and the average number of electoral wards in a principal area is 40.

### Name changes

Five of the principal areas use different names to those given in the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994. In each case the council renamed the area immediately, with the changes taking effect on 2 April 1996. The changes were:
* Conwy from "Aberconwy and Colwyn"
* Isle of Anglesey from "Anglesey"
* Gwynedd from "Caernarfonshire and Merionethshire"
* Ceredigion from "Cardiganshire"
Other simpler changes also took place such as:
* Neath Port Talbot from "Neath and Port Talbot"

## History

Following the enacting of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, the pre-existing eight counties of Wales (now largely the ceremonial preserved counties of Wales) and its 37 districts in place since 1974 were replaced on 1 April 1996, with 22 unitary authorities, the "principal areas". The 1994 act also created the communities and preserved counties.
In 2014, plans were announced to reform local government in Wales, reducing the number of principal areas from 22 to a smaller number of unitary authorities, similar to the counties that they replaced in 1996.
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales in 2020, the principal areas were used as a basis for local lockdowns.

## List of principal areas in 1994 act

List of principal areas set out in the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 :
| Principal area | Principal area | Comprising (in 1996) |
| Current name(s) | Initial name(s) in 1994 Act | Districts (and specific communities) |
| Counties |||
| Isle of Anglesey (Welsh: Ynys Môn) | Anglesey (Welsh: Sir Fôn) | Ynys Môn – Isle of Anglesey |
| Gwynedd | Caernarfonshire and Merionethshire (Welsh: Sir Gaernarfon a Meirionnydd) | Arfon Dwyfor Meirionnydd |
| Cardiff (Welsh: Caerdydd) | Cardiff (Welsh: Caerdydd) | Cardiff parts of Taff-Ely: Pentyrch |
| Ceredigion | Cardiganshire (Welsh: Sir Aberteifi) | Ceredigion |
| Carmarthenshire (Welsh: Sir Gaerfyrddin) | Carmarthenshire (Welsh: Sir Gaerfyrddin) | Carmarthen Llanelli Dinefwr |
| Denbighshire (Welsh: Sir Ddinbych) | Denbighshire (Welsh: Sir Ddinbych) | Rhuddlan parts of Glyndŵr Aberwheeler Betws Gwerfil Goch Bryneglwys Clocaenog Corwen Cyffylliog Cynwyd Denbigh Derwen Efenechtyd Gwyddelwern Henllan Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd Llandegla Llandrillo Llandyrnog Llanelidan Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd Llangollen Llangollen Rural (transferred to Wrexham in 1997) Llangynhafal Llanrhaeadr-yng-Nghinmeirch Llanferres Llanynys Llanarmon-yn-Iâl Llantysilio Nantglyn Ruthin parts from Colwyn Cefnmeiradog Trefnant |
| Flintshire (Welsh: Sir y Fflint) | Flintshire (Welsh: Sir y Fflint) | Alyn and Deeside Delyn |
| Monmouthshire (Welsh: Sir Fynwy) | Monmouthshire (Welsh: Sir Fynwy) | Monmouth parts of Blaenau Gwent Llanelly |
| Pembrokeshire (Welsh: Sir Benfro) | Pembrokeshire (Welsh: Sir Benfro) | Preseli Pembrokeshire South Pembrokeshire Caldey Island St Margaret's Island |
| Powys | Powys | Montgomeryshire Radnorshire Brecknock parts of Glyndŵr Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant Llansilin Llangedwyn |
| Swansea (Welsh: Abertawe) | Swansea (Welsh: Abertawe) | Swansea parts of Lliw Valley Clydach Gorseinon Gowerton Grovesend Llangyfelach Llwchwr Mawr Penllergaer Pontardulais Pont-Lliw |
| County boroughs |||
| Conwy | Aberconwy and Colwyn (Welsh: Aberconwy a Cholwyn) | Aberconwy all of Colwyn; except: Cefnmeiriadog Trefnant |
| Blaenau Gwent | Blaenau Gwent | all of Blaenau Gwent: except: Llanelly |
| Bridgend (Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) | Bridgend (Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) | all of Ogwr: except: Ewenny St Bride's Major Wick |
| Caerphilly (Welsh: Caerffili) | Caerphilly (Welsh: Caerffili) | Islwyn Rhymney Valley |
| Merthyr Tydfil (Welsh: Merthyr Tudful) | Merthyr Tydfil (Welsh: Merthyr Tudful) | Merthyr Tydfil |
| Neath Port Talbot (Welsh: Castell-nedd Port Talbot) | Neath and Port Talbot (Welsh: Castell-nedd a Phort Talbot) | Neath Port Talbot parts of Lliw Valley Cilybebyll Cwmllynfell Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen Pontardawe Ystalyfera |
| Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) | Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) | Newport |
| Rhondda Cynon Taf | Rhondda, Cynon, Taff (Welsh: Rhondda, Cynon, Taf) | Rhondda Cynon Valley all of Taff-Ely; except: Pentyrch |
| Torfaen (Welsh: Tor-faen) | Torfaen (Welsh: Tor-faen) | Torfaen |
| The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg) | The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg) | Vale of Glamorgan parts of Ogwr Ewenny St Bride's Major Wick |
| Wrexham (Welsh: Wrecsam) | Wrexham (Welsh: Wrecsam) | Wrexham Maelor parts of Glyndŵr Ceiriog Ucha Chirk Glyntraian Llansantffraid Glyn Ceiriog Llangollen Rural was transferred in 1997 from Denbighshire. |