OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Louis Rémy Mignot

Louis Rémy Mignot (February 3, 1831 – September 22, 1870) was an American painter of French Catholic descent. Associated with the Hudson River School of landscape artists, his southern US heritage and the influence of his time spent in Europe gave him a distinct style within that group, in painting vegetation and atmospheric effects.
Mignot's parents came to the US from France after the Bourbon Restoration in 1815. Mignot pursued his interest in art in Europe beginning in 1848, and spent much of his life outside the US. Starting in 1850 he worked for four years in Andreas Schelfhout's studio in The Hague, Netherlands, then travelled in Europe. Returning to New York City, he soon travelled with artist Frederic Edwin Church to Ecuador in 1857, gathering material for his paintings of the tropics, the subject of a large portion of his subsequent work. In 1858 he had a studio at the Tenth Street Studio Building in New York City. The next year the National Academy of Design, where he had first exhibited in 1853, elected him as an associate, and in 1860 he became an academician. He collaborated with painters Eastman Johnson and John W. Ehninger, who provided figures for his landscapes, and Thomas Rossiter, whose history paintings of Mount Vernon benefitted from Mignot's landscapes.
With the outbreak of the American Civil War, he raised money with a sale of his paintings, then sailed to England in June 1862, where he lived in London. His exhibitions at the Royal Academy between 1863 and 1871 were warmly received. His work was shown at the 1870 Paris Salon. He died in England of smallpox in 1870, shortly after fleeing France due to the Franco-Prussian War.
In 1996, the North Carolina Museum of Art held an exhibition of Mignot's work, the result of five years of research by John W. Coffey, a curator at the museum, which led to the discovery of dozens of Mignot's paintings. He co-authored an exhibition catalogue with Katherine E. Manthorne, and the exhibition, "Louis Remy Mignot: A Southern Painter Abroad", toured to the National Academy of Design in 1997. This led to a reassessment of Mignot's work, with one academic specializing in American painting of the era rating him as highly as Church in the pantheon of nineteenth-century American artists.

## Gallery

* Hunters in a Winter Landscape (1856)
* Moonlight over a Marsh in Ecuador (1858)
* Washington and Lafayette at Mount Vernon, 1784 (The Home of Washington after the War) (1859), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
* Sunset, Winter (1862), High Museum of Art, Atlanta
* Niagara (1866), Brooklyn Museum, New York
* Sunset on Lake George (1860), Private Collection
# Southside (Lloyd song)

"Southside" was the lead single by American R&B singer Lloyd, featuring Ashanti, from his debut studio album of the same name (2004), released May 8, 2004 by The Inc. and Def Jam Records. The song was written by T. Hale, W. Morris, Tab and by producer Jimi Kendrix. It peaked at No. 13 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart, and peaked at No. 24 on the mainstream Billboard Hot 100. A remix also featured rapper Scarface, along with singer-songwriter Ashanti. The remix was later released in December 2004 as the third and final single from the album.

## Music video

Released in June 2004, the original music video was filmed in a narrative fashion, and is based on the film A Bronx Tale (1993). In addition to fellow labelmate Ja Rule making a cameo appearance, the video for "Southside" stars label producer Irv Gotti portraying a flashy, wealthy "father-figure" to Lloyd's character, and Ashanti as his crush, with whom he only communicates via cellphone.
The music video's remixed version features footage from the original intercut with a street scene, in which a shirtless Lloyd, a slightly "gangsta"-girl Ashanti, and a gruff-looking Scarface are seen outside of a barber shop.
"Southside" topped BET's 106 & Park daily music video countdown show for several days; Lloyd and Ashanti made an appearance and performed the song live together, on the video's third consecutive day at #1.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| United States | April 26, 2004 (2004-04-26) | Rhythmic contemporary · urban contemporary radio | Murder, Inc., Def Jam | |
# Alos, Ariège

Alos (Occitan: Alòs) is a commune in the Ariège department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

## Geography

Alos is located some 100 km south by south-west of Toulouse, about 40 km west of Foix, and about 10 km north of the Spanish border. It is a high mountain commune with only three tortuous access roads: the D37 branching west from the D3 south of Lacourt enters the commune in the northeast and continues to the village before continuing south-east to join the D17 road north of Seix. There is also the D137 road coming south-west from Moulis which enters the commune in the north and joins the D37 near the village. Apart from Alos there are the hamlets of Artiguenard and La Riviere in the commune. There are numerous small country roads throughout much of the commune which consists mainly of mountain slopes and forests.
The Riviere d'Alois flows out of the north-east to join the Salat river to the east. Numerous streams feed into the Alois including the Raven de Guerbrens which forms part of the eastern border and the Ruisseau de Argeniere which flows from the south of the commune. Many other streams flow into the Alois from all corners of the commune.

### Neighbouring communes and villages

vtePlaces adjacent to Alos, Ariège :
Moulis
Saint-Girons
Lacourt
Castillon-en-Couserans
Alos
Soueix-Rogalle
Bethmale
Seix :

## Administration

List of Successive Mayors of Alos
| From | To | Name |
| 2001 | 2014 | André Pujol |
| 2014 | 2026 | Alain Tortet |

## Population

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Alosiens or Alosiennes in French.
# Shigeru Takashina

Shigeru Takashina (September 28, 1943 – September 3, 2013) was the founder and Chief Instructor of the South Atlantic Karate Association, an organization of the Japan Karate Association (JKA). In 1966 he graduated from Ryukoku University in Kyoto and entered the Instructor School of the Japan Karate Association, graduating in 1968. Takashina was the Captain of the Japan team in the 1st World Karate Championships held in Tokyo in 1970 and scored a perfect win. He moved to the United States in 1972.

## ISKF

Under Teruyuki Okazaki, Takashina was a founding member of the International Shotokan Karate Federation along with Takayuki Mikami, Yutaka Yaguchi and Shojiro Koyama. In June 2007, the ISKF made the decision to leave the JKA. Yaguchi continued his affiliation with the ISKF, however, the other founding Masters decided to remain with the JKA and formed the JKA World Federation - America (JKA/WF). Takashina's perspective on this difficult transition is published.
# Rovena Stefa

Rovena Stefa (born 27 April 1979 in Fier) is an Albanian singer. Her first album Falling Snow had much success in Europe.
In 2005 and 2006 Rovena had success with the songs "Do You Come With Me", "Wedding", "With Karrocieri Hats", I'm Sweet", " Llokum", "Address Without A Name" and "Slash Dot Dash".
In 2009, she released two videos for the songs "Mall" and "Viva Eagle and Fatherland". The video for "Mall" created a controversy over its eroticism.
In the Summer of 2009 Stefa opened the "Rovena Club"; a discotheque on the coast of Durres.
In 1996, she won an award for the best interpretation song "I Am The Image" (Duet with Heriot Long) at "The Magic Song '99".
In November 2020, she was announced as the Albanian representative in the Turkvision Song Contest 2020 with the song "Zjarr". However, she withdrew from the contest in December 2020.

## Albums

* 2002, Bie dëborë
* 2003, Paraja
* 2004, Dasma
* 2006, Llokum
* 2008, Lum e Lum
* 2011 Degjo Rovin
* 2014 Boll me lojna

## Singles

* 2005, "Mos thuaj" (with Blero)
* 2007, "Për një kafe" (with Altin Shira)
* 2007, "Xhelozia" (with Duli)
* 2008, "Potpuri popullore" (Shpat Kasapi)
* 2009, "Rrofte Shqipja dhe Vata
* 2020, "Zjarr"
# Osbourne

Osbourne may refer to:
* Osbourne (name), including a list of people with the name
* The Osbournes, a reality television program featuring Ozzy Osbourne and family
* Osbournes Reloaded, a variety television program also featuring the Osbourne family
* Osborne House, a former royal residence in East Cowes, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
* Osbourne Canyon Formation, a geologic formation in California
# Grilled cheese

A grilled cheese, sometimes known as a toasted sandwich, cheese toastie (UK), or jaffle (AU), is a hot cheese sandwich typically prepared by heating slices of cheese between slices of bread with a cooking fat such as butter or mayonnaise on a frying pan, griddle, or sandwich toaster, until the bread browns and the cheese melts. Despite its name, the sandwich is rarely prepared through grilling; it is most often pan-fried.

## History

The 1861 English recipe book Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management includes a recipe for placing sandwiches of brown bread and butter with 1⁄2-inch (13 mm) slices of "a nice fat Cheshire or any good rich cheese" into an oven, and serving when the bread becomes toasted.
The cheese dream, an open-faced grilled cheese sandwich, became popular in the U.S. during the Great Depression. U.S. government cookbooks describe Navy cooks broiling "American cheese filling sandwiches" during World War II.

## Preparation

A grilled cheese sandwich is made by placing a cheese filling, often cheddar or American cheese, between two slices of bread, which is then put on a pan to heat until the bread browns and the cheese melts. A layer of butter or mayonnaise is usually added to the outside of the bread for additional flavor and texture. Alternatives may include additional ingredients such as peppers, tomatoes, or onions.
A grilled cheese may also be made in a sandwich toaster, particularly in the United Kingdom where the dish is normally called a toasted cheese sandwich or cheese toastie.

## Retail

Some restaurants, food carts, and food trucks in the United States specialize in the grilled cheese sandwich. The Grilled Cheese Grill restaurants were a combination of reclaimed vehicle and food cart restaurants that focused on gourmet grilled cheese sandwiches in Portland, Oregon. The Grilled Cheese Truck is an American food truck company serving gourmet "chef driven" grilled cheese sandwiches.
Microwavable frozen toasted sandwiches are available in supermarkets in a variety of locations. One example is the McCain Micro Toastie, which was launched in supermarkets in the UK in 2002.
# Rosanna Lockwood

Rosanna Lockwood is a British television journalist and former host of Al Arabiya News former host of news show Prime Time with Rosanna Lockwood, on TalkTV.

## Early life

Rosanna was born in Hong Kong. She grew up in the southwest of England. She holds a BA degree in English Literature and Drama from Royal Holloway University of London and a postgraduate diploma in Broadcast Journalism from the London College of Communication.

## Career

She began her career as radio reporter for the BBC and LBC, and as a television producer for Bloomberg and ITN.
In 2015, she moved to the United Arab Emirates, where she worked as a freelance television news correspondent for Reuters. In 2020 she moved to Singapore to join CNBC.
Rosanna was the host of her own news show Prime Time with Rosanna Lockwood, on Talk TV.
In 2023, she was a guest host on Piers Morgan Uncensored.
# Bugei jūhappan

The Bugei jūhappan (武芸十八般 "Eighteen Kinds Of Martial Arts") is a selection of combat techniques and martial arts used by the samurai of Tokugawa-era Japan. Established by Hirayama Gyozo, the concept is based on earlier Chinese traditions, such as Eighteen Arms of Wushu.

## Eighteen arts

The Eighteen Arts consist of native Japanese martial arts techniques and tactics. Within each art, various Ryū developed, with different methods of performing that particular art. Certain Ryū, in turn, influenced the martial arts that were included in the list, Asayama Ichiden-ryū, Kukishin-ryū, Shinden-Fudo-ryū and Tagaki Yoshin-ryū. The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include:
* Kyūjutsu, archery.
* Bajutsu, horseriding.
* Sōjutsu, fighting with a yari (spear).
* Kenjutsu, fencing.
* Suieijutsu, swimming in armour.
* Iaijutsu, sword-drawing.
* Tantōjutsu, knife-fighting.
* Juttejutsu, fighting with a jutte (truncheon).
* Shurikenjutsu, throwing shuriken.
* Fukumibarijutsu, needle-spitting.
* Naginatajutsu, fighting with a polearm, usually a naginata.
* Hōjutsu, shooting (with firearms).
* Hojōjutsu, tying up an opponent.
* Yawara, grappling and fighting unarmed.
* Bōjutsu, fighting with a bō (staff).
* Kusarigamajutsu, fighting with a chain-and-sickle.
* Mōjirijutsu, fighting with a barbed staff.
* Ninjutsu, espionage.
* 3. Sōjutsu
* 4. Kenjutsu
* 5. Suijutsu
* 6. Iaijutsu
* 7. Tantojutsu
* 8. Jittejutsu
* 9. Shurikenjutsu
* 10. Fukumibarijutsu
* 11. Naginatajutsu
* 12. Hōjutsu
* 13. Hojōjutsu
* 14. Yawara
* 15. Bōjutsu
* 16. Kusarigamajutsu
* 17. Mōjirijutsu
* 18. Ninjutsu
Other arts that were often included in the list are:
* Chikujōjutsu, fortifying a castle against siege.
* Yabusame, mounted archery.
* Yadomejutsu, deflecting flying arrows.
* Saiminjutsu, hypnotism.
# Edward MacIlwaine

Edward Hart MacIlwaine (9 April 1873 – 15 November 1928) was an Irish international rugby union player.

## Biography

MacIlwaine was born in Belfast and learned his rugby as a pupil at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution.
A forward, MacIlwaine joined Belfast club North of Ireland after leaving school and made the first XV within a year. He earned Ulster representative honours and was selected by Ireland in 1895 for their match against Scotland at Edinburgh. Named first reserve, MacIlwaine won his debut cap when Edmund Forrest was forced to withdraw. He kept his place for their following Home Nations fixture in Cardiff. His brother, John MacIlwaine, was later capped for Ireland.
MacIlwaine was a naval architect by profession.
# Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry

The Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes an annual volume of review articles relevant to analytical chemistry. It was established in 2008 and is published by Annual Reviews. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.

## History

The Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry was first published in 2008 by nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews. Its founding editors were Edward S. Yeung and Richard N. Zare. Though it began with a physical edition, it is now only published electronically.

## Scope and indexing

The Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry defines its scope as covering significant developments in analytical chemistry, drawing from the related disciplines of biology, engineering, and physics. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's impact factor as 5.9, ranking it ninth of 106 journals in the category "Chemistry, Analytical" and third of 44 in "Spectroscopy". It is abstracted and indexed in Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Academic Search, among others.

## Editorial processes

The Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry is helmed by the editor or the co-editors. The editor is assisted by the editorial committee, which includes associate editors, regular members, and occasionally guest editors. Guest members participate at the invitation of the editor, and serve terms of one year. All other members of the editorial committee are appointed by the Annual Reviews board of directors and serve five-year terms. The editorial committee determines which topics should be included in each volume and solicits reviews from qualified authors. Unsolicited manuscripts are not accepted. Peer review of accepted manuscripts is undertaken by the editorial committee.

### Editors of volumes

Dates indicate publication years in which someone was credited as a lead editor or co-editor of a journal volume. The planning process for a volume begins well before the volume appears, so appointment to the position of lead editor generally occurred prior to the first year shown here. An editor who has retired or died may be credited as a lead editor of a volume that they helped to plan, even if it is published after their retirement or death.
* Edward S. Yeung and Richard N. Zare (2008–2012)
* Yeung and R. Graham Cooks (2013–2014)
* Cooks and Jeanne Pemberton (2015)
* Cooks, Pemberton and Paul Bohn (2016)
* Cooks and Pemberton (2017)
* Pemberton and Bohn (2018-2021)
* Bohn and Nancy L. Allbritton (present)

### Current editorial board

As of 2025, the editorial committee consists of the two co-editors and the following members:
* Edgar A. Arriaga
* Abraham Badu-Tawiah
* Antje Baeumner
* Daniel T. Chiu
* Livia S. Eberlin
* Robert T. Kennedy
* Susan M. Lunte
Previous members (as of 2022) were: Patrick R. Unwin.
# Kalaka (state constituency)

Kalaka is a state constituency in Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly since 1969.
The state constituency was created in the 1968 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

## History
### Polling districts

According to the gazette issued on 31 October 2022, the Kalaka constituency has a total of 6 polling districts.
| State constituency | Polling Districts | Code | Location |
| Kalaka (N38) | Pelunga | 205/38/01 | SK Nyiar RH Bundan Sg. Metong Roban RH Siti Jubaidah Anak Lanchang Sg. Engkabang SMK Kalaka Roban |
| Kalaka (N38) | Perpat | 205/38/02 | SK Lubok Nibong SK Paloh SK Perpat |
| Kalaka (N38) | Kaba | 205/38/03 | SK Haji Bollah Kaba SK Kupang SJK (C) Min Syn Saratok |
| Kalaka (N38) | Saratok | 205/38/04 | SK Abang Abdul Rahman Saratok |
| Kalaka (N38) | Tengalat | 205/38/05 | SK Entebu |
| Kalaka (N38) | Senyawan | 205/38/06 | SK Sg. Antu |

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Kalaka :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created ||||
| 8th | 1970-1974 | Wan Alwi Tuanku Ibrahim | PESAKA |
| 9th | 1974-1979 | Ahmad Zaidi Adruce | BN (PBB) |
| 10th | 1979-1983 | Wan Yusof Tuanku Bujang | BN (PBB) |
| 11th | 1983-1987 | Wan Yusof Tuanku Bujang | BN (PBB) |
| 12th | 1987-1991 | Abang Yusuf Puteh | PERMAS |
| 13th | 1991-1996 | Abdul Wahab Aziz | BN (PBB) |
| 14th | 1996-2001 | Abdul Wahab Aziz | BN (PBB) |
| 15th | 2001-2006 | Abdul Wahab Aziz | BN (PBB) |
| 16th | 2006-2011 | Abdul Wahab Aziz | BN (PBB) |
| 17th | 2011-2016 | Abdul Wahab Aziz | BN (PBB) |
| 18th | 2016-2018 | Abdul Wahab Aziz | BN (PBB) |
| 18th | 2018-2021 | Abdul Wahab Aziz | GPS (PBB) |
| 19th | 2021–present | Mohamad Duri | GPS (PBB) |
# 1:24 scale

1:24 scale is a size for automobile models such as injection-molded plastic model kits or metal die-cast toys, which are built and collected by both children and adults.

## Description and context

1:24 means that a unit of measurement, such as one inch or one centimeter, on the model represents 24 units on the actual object. An example would be one inch of length on a model automobile would represent 24 inches on an actual vehicle. Primarily automobile models are made on this scale, with a few examples of tractor-trailers and other larger equipment. In the United States, there is a minor variation of the 1:24 scale, where many automobile plastic model kits are scaled at 1:25.
1:24 is the largest of the traditional slot car sizes - and the earliest. Lionel's (USA) 1:24 electric autos of 1912-1916 became the first known commercial slot cars. In 1955, the Model Automobile Racing Association of Kalamazoo, Michigan, built the first track for electric rail-racing (the short-lived immediate predecessor to slot racing) in the US. Unlike the seminal Southport (UK) track that inspired it, the MARA table was designed for 1:24 as well as 1:32 competition. With that beginning, the US adopted 1:24 as the primary scale for serious competition during the heyday of slot car racing in the 1960s, while Britain and Europe favored 1:32 and have continued to do so.

## Non-car models

1:24 scale is very close to the scale (1:22.5) used for European G scale narrow-gauge model trains, so 1:24 models are often used on model train layouts. Doll houses and furniture are also found on a 1:24 scale. An average adult male human figure stands just under 3 inches (76 mm) tall.
The British plastic model kit company Airfix has produced several 1:24 scale aircraft in its 'Super Kit' range, including the Supermarine Spitfire, Messerschmitt Bf 109 - both initially with the option of motorised propellers, Junkers Ju 87 Stuka, Hawker Siddeley Harrier, and Focke-Wulf Fw 190. The last to be released were the de Havilland Mosquito and the Hawker Typhoon. An earlier release was a 1:24 scale model of the Wallis WA-116 "Little Nellie" autogyro as portrayed in the 1967 James Bond film, You Only Live Twice.

## List of manufacturers

Plastic Model Kits
* Tamiya Corporation
* Airfix
* Revell - Monogram
* Italeri
* AMT
* Hasegawa
* Aoshima
Die Cast
* Bburago
* Maisto
* Welly
* Motor Max
* Jada Toys
* Greenlight
* Leo (high-detail die-cast models)
* Racing Champions, Inc. (American racecars)
* Hachette
* IXO
* Whitebox
* Heller
* Franklin Mint
* Danbury Mint
Slot Cars
* AUTOart
Toys & Diorama
* American Diorama
* Emergency Heroes
# Trebarwith

Trebarwith (Cornish: Trebervedh, meaning inner farmstead), known locally as Trebarwith Village, is a hamlet in the parish of Tintagel, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Trebarwith Strand is on the coast nearby.
Land at Trebarwith is first mentioned in records of 1284 and was held from 1329 until the early 16th century by the Lercedekne family. Trebarwith Farm is a Grade II listed building.
# East Sidney Lake

East Sidney Lake is a small reservoir located east of Unadilla in Delaware County, New York. The Ouleout Creek flows through East Sidney Lake.
# Mares Champion Hurdle

The Mares Champion Hurdle is a Grade 1 National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland which is open to mares aged four years or older. It is run at Punchestown Racecourse over a distance of about 2 miles and 4 furlongs (4,023 metres), and during its running there are twelve hurdles to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in late April or early May.
The race was first run in 2004. It was initially a Listed race, was awarded Grade 3 status in 2006, and then fast-tracked to Grade 1 in 2013. It was initially contested over 2 miles and 2 furlongs, and was increased to the present distance in 2017.

## Records

Most successful horse (2 wins):
* Annie Power – 2014, 2015
* Benie Des Dieux - 2018, 2019
Leading jockey (7 wins):
* Paul Townend – Tarla (2010), Glens Melody (2013), Whiteout (2016), Benie Des Dieux (2018, 2019), Echoes In Rain (2023), Lossiemouth (2024)
Leading trainer (10 wins):
* Willie Mullins - Tarla (2010), Glens Melody (2013), Annie Power (2014, 2015), Whiteout (2016), Benie Des Dieux (2018, 2019), Stormy Ireland (2021), Echoes In Rain (2023), Lossiemouth (2024)

## Winners

* ↑ amateur rider
* ↑ The 2020 running was cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland