# 14th Chess Olympiad

The 14th Chess Olympiad (German: Die 14. Schacholympiade), organized by FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between October 26 and November 9, 1960, in Leipzig, East Germany.
The Soviet team with six grandmasters, led by world champion Mikhail Tal, lived up to expectations and won their fifth consecutive gold medals, with the United States and Yugoslavia taking the silver and bronze, respectively. In a reversal of fortune from the previous Olympiad, the East German hosts finished 9th, right behind rivals West Germany. Unlike the last time, however, the match between the two was a tight affair that ended in a 2–2 draw.

## Results
### Preliminaries

A total of 40 teams entered the competition and were divided into four preliminary groups of 10 teams each. The top three from each group advanced to Final A, the teams placed 4th–6th to Final B, and the rest to Final C. All preliminary groups as well as Finals A and B were played as round-robin tournaments, while Final C with 16 teams was played as an 11-round Swiss system tournament.
Group 1 was won by Bulgaria, ahead of Yugoslavia and the host nation. Norway, Finland, and Israel took the places 4–6, while Indonesia, France, Albania, and Malta finished at the bottom of the group.
The Soviet Union took first place in group 2, well ahead of Argentina and the Netherlands. Poland, Austria, and India made up the middle part of the group, while Portugal, the Philippines, Italy, and Monaco had to settle for the bottom.
Group 3 was won by England, ahead of Czechoslovakia and Hungary. The three Nordic nations Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland had to settle for Final B. Meanwhile, Mongolia, Tunisia, Greece, and Bolivia finished at the bottom of the group.
The United States clinched group 4, ahead of West Germany and Romania. Spain, Chile, and Cuba made up the middle part of the group, while Belgium, Ecuador, Ireland, and Lebanon completed the field.
* Group 1:
| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + | − | = | Points |
| «A» | Bulgaria | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3½ | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 3½ | 7 | 0 | 2 | 27 |
| «A» | Yugoslavia | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 26 |
| «A» | East Germany | 2 | 2 | - | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 25 |
| «B» | Norway | 1 | 2 | 1½ | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 20½ |
| «B» | Finland | ½ | 1 | ½ | 3 | - | 2½ | 2½ | 3 | 2½ | 4 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 19½ |
| «B» | Israel | 1½ | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1½ | - | 1½ | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 19 |
| «C» | Indonesia | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 2½ | - | 1½ | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 18½ |
| «C» | France | ½ | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1½ | 2½ | - | 1 | 3½ | 2 | 7 | 0 | 11 |
| «C» | Albania | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | 3 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 10½ |
| «C» | Malta | ½ | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ½ | 1 | - | 0 | 9 | 0 | 3 |
* Group 2:
| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + | − | = | Points |
| «A» | Soviet Union | - | 3½ | 3 | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 3½ | 3 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 32 |
| «A» | Argentina | ½ | - | 3½ | 3 | 1½ | 2 | 3½ | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 25 |
| «A» | Netherlands | 1 | ½ | - | 1½ | 3½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 23½ |
| «B» | Poland | ½ | 1 | 2½ | - | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3½ | 6 | 2 | 1 | 21½ |
| «B» | Austria | ½ | 2½ | ½ | 1½ | - | 3½ | 2 | 1 | 3½ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 19 |
| «B» | India | 0 | 2 | 1½ | ½ | ½ | - | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 15½ |
| «C» | Portugal | ½ | ½ | ½ | 1 | 2 | 1½ | - | 3 | 2 | 3½ | 2 | 5 | 2 | 14½ |
| «C» | Philippines | 1 | 1 | ½ | 1 | 3 | 1½ | 1 | - | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 13½ |
| «C» | Italy | 0 | 0 | ½ | 2 | ½ | 2 | 2 | 1½ | - | 3½ | 1 | 5 | 3 | 12 |
| «C» | Monaco | 0 | 0 | 0 | ½ | 0 | 0 | ½ | 2 | ½ | - | 0 | 8 | 1 | 3½ |
* Group 3:
| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + | − | = | Points |
| «A» | England | - | 2½ | 1½ | 2 | 3½ | 3½ | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 28 |
| «A» | Czechoslovakia | 1½ | - | 2 | 4 | 3½ | 3½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 28 |
| «A» | Hungary | 2½ | 2 | - | 3 | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 27 |
| «B» | Sweden | 2 | 0 | 1 | - | 2 | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 23 |
| «B» | Denmark | ½ | ½ | 1½ | 2 | - | 1½ | 3½ | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 16½ |
| «B» | Iceland | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | 2½ | - | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 16 |
| «C» | Mongolia | 1 | 1½ | 1 | ½ | ½ | 1½ | - | 3 | 3½ | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 15½ |
| «C» | Tunisia | 0 | ½ | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | 2½ | 4 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 14 |
| «C» | Greece | 0 | ½ | ½ | 1 | 1 | 1 | ½ | 1½ | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 7 |
| «C» | Bolivia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | - | 1 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
* Group 4:
| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + | − | = | Points |
| «A» | United States | - | 2½ | 3 | 2½ | 4 | 3 | 3½ | 2½ | 4 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 29 |
| «A» | West Germany | 1½ | - | 1½ | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2½ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 25½ |
| «A» | Romania | 1 | 2½ | - | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2½ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 24 |
| «B» | Spain | 1½ | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 1 | 4 | 23½ |
| «B» | Chile | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 22 |
| «B» | Cuba | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1½ | - | 3 | 2½ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 19 |
| «C» | Belgium | ½ | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | 1½ | 1 | - | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 17 |
| «C» | Ecuador | 1½ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ½ | 1½ | 2 | - | 3½ | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 12 |
| «C» | Ireland | 0 | 0 | 0 | ½ | ½ | 0 | 1 | ½ | - | 3½ | 1 | 8 | 0 | 6 |
| «C» | Lebanon | 0 | 0 | 0 | ½ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ½ | - | 0 | 9 | 0 | 2 |

### Final

    Final A #CountryPlayersPointsMP 1 Soviet UnionTal, Botvinnik, Keres, Korchnoi, Smyslov, Petrosian34 2 United StatesFischer, Lombardy, Byrne, Bisguier, Rossolimo, Weinstein29 3 YugoslaviaGligorić, Matanović, Ivkov, Bertok, Damjanović, Vukčević27 4 HungarySzabó, Portisch, Barcza, Bilek, Lengyel, Kluger,22½ 5 CzechoslovakiaPachman, Filip, Fichtl, Hort, Kozma, Ujtelky21½ 6 BulgariaBobotsov, Padevsky, Neikirch, Kolarov, Minev, Milev21 7 ArgentinaNajdorf, Eliskases, Wexler, Bazán, Schweber, Foguelman20½ 8 West GermanyUnzicker, Schmid, Darga, Lehmann, Bialas, Pfeiffer19½ 9 East GermanyUhlmann, Pietzsch, Malich, Dittmann, Fuchs, Golz19 10 NetherlandsEuwe, Donner, Bouwmeester, Prins, Kramer, Langeweg17 11 RomaniaGhițescu, Drimer, Radovici, Mititelu, Troianescu, Szabó16½7 12 EnglandPenrose, Golombek, Clarke, Haygarth, Barden, Wade16½4
    Final B #CountryPlayersPointsMPHTH 13 SwedenStåhlberg, Lundin, Johansson, Nilsson, Sköld, Buskenström27½ 14 IsraelPorat, Czerniak, Aloni, Persitz, Kraidman, Guthi26½ 15 AustriaRobatsch, Beni, Lokvenc, Janetschek, Kaliwoda, Groiss24½ 16 DenmarkNielsen, Kølvig, Holm, Blom, Jensen, From23½133 17 FinlandOjanen, Böök, Rantanen, Räisä, Fred, Niemelä23½131 18 CubaJiménez, Cobo, Gonzáles, García, De Cardenas2311 19 NorwayJohannessen, de Lange, Lindblom, Hoen, Svenneby, Myhre2310 20 SpainPérez, Pomar, Torán, Mallofré, del Corral, Pulido22½ 21 PolandŚliwa, Plater, Tarnowski, Doda, Kostro, Filipowicz22 22 ChileLetelier, Larraín, Hausman, Romo, Rojas19½ 23 IcelandThorbergsson, Guðmundsson, Gunnarsson, Magnússon, Sólmundarson, Lárusson16½ 24 IndiaAaron, Sapre, Wahi, Seth12
    Final C #CountryPlayersPointsMP 25 PhilippinesCampomanes, Borja, Naranja, Reyes, De Castro, Villanueva, Avecilla28½ 26 IndonesiaWotulo, Bachtiar, Baswedan, Tan, Panggabean27½17 27 MongoliaNamzhil, Möömöö, Chalkhasuren, Myagmarsuren, Baldandorsh, Badamgarav G.27½15 28 AlbaniaPustina, Hoxha, Konçi, Veizaj, Omari26½ 29 EcuadorMuñoz, Aguirre, Morales, Yépez, Garcés, Klein26 30 PortugalDurão, Ribeiro, Gonçalves, De Oliveira, Rocha, Cardoso2515 31 FranceBoutteville, Noradounguian, Bergraser, Casa, Linais, Cormier2513 32 ItalyContedini, Tamburini, Palmiotto, Magrin, Mercuri24 33 BelgiumO'Kelly, Thibaut, Dunkelblum, Van Schoor, Franck, Blockx23½ 34 TunisiaBelkadi, Lagha, Kahia, Mohsen, Kchouk, Ben Cheik21½ 35 GreeceAnastasopoulos, Angos, Papapostolou, Paidousis, Kapralos20½ 36 BoliviaHumerez, Villegas, Mendivil, Salazar, Soruco19½ 37 MonacoKostjoerin, Fauconnier, Perrottey, d'Auriac, Renoy-Chevrier, Deslauriers J.17½ 38 IrelandReilly, Littleton, O'Hare, Nash, Cassidy17 39 MaltaCamilleri, Soler, Gouder, Fenech, Cuschieri, Dingli14 40 LebanonChalabi, Salameh, Gabriel, Galeb, Tarazi, Batlouni, Allam8½
Final A
| № | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | + | − | = | Points |
| 1 | Soviet Union | - | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 4 | 3½ | 3½ | 3 | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
| 2 | United States | 1½ | - | 2½ | 2½ | 1½ | 3½ | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3½ | 3½ | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 29 |
| 3 | Yugoslavia | 1½ | 1½ | - | 2½ | 3 | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 3 | 3½ | 2½ | 8 | 2 | 1 | 27 |
| 4 | Hungary | ½ | 1½ | 1½ | - | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 3½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 5 | 4 | 2 | 22½ |
| 5 | Czechoslovakia | 1 | 2½ | 1 | 2½ | - | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 2½ | 4 | 3 | 4 | 21½ |
| 6 | Bulgaria | 0 | ½ | 1½ | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 21 |
| 7 | Argentina | ½ | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 3 | 6 | 20½ |
| 8 | West Germany | ½ | 1½ | 1½ | ½ | 1½ | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 19½ |
| 9 | East Germany | 1 | ½ | 2 | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | 1½ | 1 | 3½ | 1 | 5 | 5 | 19 |
| 10 | Netherlands | 1½ | ½ | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 2½ | - | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 17 |
| 11 | Romania | 1 | ½ | ½ | 1½ | 2½ | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1½ | - | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 16½ |
| 12 | England | 1 | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | 1½ | 1 | ½ | 2 | 2 | - | 0 | 7 | 4 | 16½ |
Final B
| № | Country | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | + | − | = | Points |
| 13 | Sweden | - | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 3 | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 2½ | 8 | 0 | 3 | 27½ |
| 14 | Israel | 2 | - | 1½ | 2 | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 26½ |
| 15 | Austria | 1½ | 2½ | - | 2½ | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 1½ | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 24½ |
| 16 | Denmark | 2 | 2 | 1½ | - | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 23½ |
| 17 | Finland | 1 | 2½ | 1 | 1 | - | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 1½ | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 23½ |
| 18 | Cuba | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1½ | - | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3½ | 2 | 2 | 7 | 23 |
| 19 | Norway | 1½ | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1½ | - | 1½ | 1½ | 2½ | 2½ | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 23 |
| 20 | Spain | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2½ | - | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22½ |
| 21 | Poland | 1½ | 1½ | 1 | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | - | 1 | 3 | 2½ | 5 | 4 | 2 | 22 |
| 22 | Chile | 1 | ½ | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 2 | 3 | - | 1½ | 3½ | 2 | 6 | 3 | 19½ |
| 23 | Iceland | 1 | 1 | 2½ | 1½ | 1 | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | 1 | 2½ | - | 1 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 16½ |
| 24 | India | 1½ | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ½ | 0 | 1 | 1½ | ½ | 3 | - | 1 | 9 | 1 | 12 |
Final C
| № | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | + | − | = | Points |
| 25 | Philippines | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 28½ |
| 25 | Philippines | 31 | 27 | 30 | 34 | 26 | 28 | 32 | 35 | 29 | 33 | 38 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 28½ |
| 26 | Indonesia | 2½ | 2 | 3½ | 3½ | 1 | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 3½ | 2½ | 2 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 27½ |
| 26 | Indonesia | 33 | 29 | 28 | 30 | 25 | 32 | 31 | 27 | 35 | 34 | 36 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 27½ |
| 27 | Mongolia | 3½ | 1 | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 1½ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 27½ |
| 27 | Mongolia | 40 | 25 | 34 | 31 | 29 | 30 | 33 | 26 | 28 | 36 | 35 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 27½ |
| 28 | Albania | 2½ | 2 | ½ | 3½ | 3 | 1½ | 3½ | 2½ | 1 | 4 | 2½ | 7 | 3 | 1 | 26½ |
| 28 | Albania | 32 | 35 | 26 | 39 | 33 | 25 | 30 | 31 | 27 | 38 | 34 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 26½ |
| 29 | Ecuador | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 4 | 2½ | 5 | 1 | 5 | 26 |
| 29 | Ecuador | 34 | 26 | 33 | 32 | 27 | 35 | 38 | 37 | 25 | 40 | 39 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 26 |
| 30 | Portugal | 3 | 3 | 2 | ½ | 2½ | 2½ | ½ | 1½ | 3 | 4 | 2½ | 7 | 3 | 1 | 25 |
| 30 | Portugal | 37 | 38 | 25 | 26 | 35 | 27 | 28 | 36 | 40 | 39 | 33 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 25 |
| 31 | France | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1½ | 3½ | 3 | 1½ | 1½ | 2½ | 2½ | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 25 |
| 31 | France | 25 | 39 | 35 | 27 | 36 | 34 | 26 | 28 | 38 | 32 | 37 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 25 |
| 32 | Italy | 1½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 1½ | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1½ | 2½ | 6 | 4 | 1 | 24 |
| 32 | Italy | 28 | 37 | 38 | 29 | 34 | 26 | 25 | 39 | 36 | 31 | 40 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 24 |
| 33 | Belgium | 1½ | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2½ | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1½ | 5 | 4 | 2 | 23½ |
| 33 | Belgium | 26 | 36 | 29 | 35 | 28 | 39 | 27 | 40 | 37 | 25 | 30 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 23½ |
| 34 | Tunisia | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 1 | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 1½ | 1½ | 3 | 5 | 3 | 21½ |
| 34 | Tunisia | 29 | 40 | 27 | 25 | 32 | 31 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 26 | 28 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 21½ |
| 35 | Greece | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 2 | 3½ | 1 | ½ | 2½ | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 20½ |
| 35 | Greece | 36 | 28 | 31 | 33 | 30 | 29 | 40 | 25 | 26 | 37 | 27 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 20½ |
| 36 | Bolivia | 1½ | 1 | 3 | 3 | ½ | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 19½ |
| 36 | Bolivia | 35 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 31 | 40 | 39 | 30 | 32 | 27 | 26 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 19½ |
| 37 | Monaco | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 3½ | 2½ | 1 | 2 | 1½ | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 17½ |
| 37 | Monaco | 30 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 34 | 29 | 33 | 35 | 31 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 17½ |
| 38 | Ireland | 3 | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1½ | 1½ | 1½ | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 17 |
| 38 | Ireland | 39 | 30 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 37 | 29 | 34 | 31 | 28 | 25 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 17 |
| 39 | Malta | 1 | 1 | 3½ | ½ | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | 0 | 1½ | 0 | 1½ | 1 | 9 | 1 | 14 |
| 39 | Malta | 38 | 31 | 40 | 28 | 37 | 33 | 36 | 32 | 34 | 30 | 29 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 14 |
| 40 | Lebanon | ½ | 0 | ½ | ½ | 1 | 2 | ½ | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1½ | 0 | 10 | 1 | 8½ |
| 40 | Lebanon | 27 | 34 | 39 | 37 | 38 | 36 | 35 | 33 | 30 | 29 | 32 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 8½ |

### Individual medals

* Board 1: Karl Robatsch 13½ / 16 = 84.4%
* Board 2: Mikhail Botvinnik 10½ / 13 = 80.8%
* Board 3: Paul Keres 10½ / 13 = 80.8%
* Board 4: Lhamsuren Myagmarsuren and Tan Hoan Liong 16½ / 20 = 82.5%
* 1st reserve: Vassily Smyslov 11½ / 13 = 88.5%
* 2nd reserve: Tigran Petrosian 12 / 13 = 92.3%