# Birmingham City Council

Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.
The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.
On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.

## History

Until the 18th century, Birmingham was governed by manorial courts and its parish vestry. A body of improvement commissioners called the Birmingham Street Commissioners was established in 1769 to provide services in the rapidly growing town. Birmingham was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1838, after which it was governed by a body formally called 'the mayor, aldermen and burgesses of the borough of Birmingham', generally known as the corporation or town council. William Scholefield became the first mayor and William Redfern was the first town clerk. The corporation absorbed the functions of the street commissioners in 1852.
Birmingham was granted city status on 14 January 1889, after which the corporation was also known as the city council. When elected county councils were established in April 1889, Birmingham was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services, and so it became a county borough, independent from the new Warwickshire County Council, whilst remaining part of the geographical county of Warwickshire. The dignity of a lord mayor was conferred in 1896, with James Smith being appointed the first Lord Mayor of Birmingham.
The city boundaries have been enlarged many times. Notable expansions were in 1891 (Balsall Heath, Harborne, Saltley and Little Bromwich), 1909 (Quinton), 1911 (Aston Manor, Erdington, Handsworth, Kings Norton, Northfield and Yardley), 1928 (Perry Barr), 1931 (Sheldon and parts of other parishes), and 1974 (Sutton Coldfield).
The county borough was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, being replaced by a metropolitan district of Birmingham, covering the area of the old county borough plus the borough of Sutton Coldfield. The new district was one of seven metropolitan districts within the new metropolitan county of the West Midlands. Birmingham's borough and city statuses and its lord mayoralty passed to the new district and its council.
From 1974 until 1986 the council was a lower-tier authority, with upper-tier functions provided by the West Midlands County Council. The county council was abolished in 1986 and its functions passed to the county's seven borough councils, including Birmingham City Council, with some services provided through joint committees. In 1995, New Frankley and the Kitwell Estate were transferred into the city from the parish of Frankley in Bromsgrove District.
Since 2016 the council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority, which has been led by the directly elected Mayor of the West Midlands since 2017. The combined authority provides strategic leadership and co-ordination for certain functions across the county, but Birmingham City Council continues to be responsible for most local government functions.
On 5 September 2023, Birmingham City Council issued a Section 114 notice, being the local government equivalent of bankruptcy, stopping all future spending with the exception of money for statutory services, including the protection of vulnerable people. The leader of the Labour authority stated that the notice was a necessary step to get Birmingham back into a sound financial footing. The government subsequently appointed commissioners to oversee the running of the council under emergency measures. The bankruptcy has been ascribed to equal pay liabilities plus a disastrous implementation of an ERP system.

### Women and minorities

The first woman elected to the council, on 1 November 1911, was Ellen Pinsent. She represented the Edgbaston Ward as a Liberal Unionist. She had earlier been co-opted as a member of the council's Education Committee and served as Chairman of the Special School Sub-Committee. She stood down from the council in October 1913 upon appointment as Commissioner for the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency.
Pinsent's time on the council overlapped with that of Margaret Frances Pugh, who was elected on 22 November 1911 to serve in the North Erdington ward. She resigned in November 1913.
Birmingham's third woman councillor, Clara Martineau, was elected on 14 October 1913 in the Edgbaston ward, and served until 1932, when she died, aged 57. Her father was former Mayor Sir Thomas Martineau, Lord Mayor Ernest Martineau was her brother, and Alderman Sir George Kenrick was her uncle.
Mary Cottrell became the first female Labour councillor in February 1917, when she was elected unopposed to the Selly Oak ward. The first female Lord Mayor, Marjorie Brown, held the post from 1973 to 1974. Theresa Stewart became the first female leader in October 1993, until 1999; and Lin Homer the first female chief executive, was in post from 2002 until 2005.
Bert Carless, a migrant from Jamaica, was elected the City's first non-white councillor in 1979. He was later made an Honorary Alderman.

## Governance

Birmingham City Council provides metropolitan borough services. Some strategic functions in the area are provided by the West Midlands Combined Authority; the leader and deputy leader of the city council sit on the board of the combined authority as Birmingham's representatives. There are two civil parishes in the city at Sutton Coldfield and New Frankley in Birmingham, which form an additional tier of local government for their areas; the rest of the city is unparished.

### Political control

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012.
Political control of the council since the 1974 reforms has been as follows:
| Party in control | Years |
| Labour | 1974–1975 |
| No overall control | 1975–1976 |
| Conservative | 1976–1979 |
| No overall control | 1979–1980 |
| Labour | 1980–1982 |
| Conservative | 1982–1984 |
| Labour | 1984–2003 |
| No overall control | 2003–2012 |
| Labour | 2012–present |

### Leadership

The role of Lord Mayor of Birmingham is largely ceremonial. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council. The first leader of the council after the 1974 reforms, Clive Wilkinson, had been the leader of the old county borough of Birmingham since December 1973. The leaders since 1973 have been:
| Councillor | Party | From | To |
| Clive Wilkinson | Labour | Dec 1973 | May 1976 |
| Neville Bosworth | Conservative | May 1976 | May 1980 |
| Clive Wilkinson | Labour | May 1980 | May 1982 |
| Neville Bosworth | Conservative | May 1982 | May 1984 |
| Dick Knowles | Labour | May 1984 | Oct 1993 |
| Theresa Stewart | Labour | Oct 1993 | May 1999 |
| Albert Bore | Labour | May 1999 | May 2004 |
| Mike Whitby | Conservative | June 2004 | 3 May 2012 |
| Albert Bore | Labour | 3 May 2012 | 1 Dec 2015 |
| John Clancy | Labour | 1 Dec 2015 | 11 Sep 2017 |
| Ian Ward | Labour | 7 Nov 2017 | 23 May 2023 |
| John Cotton | Labour | 23 May 2023 | |

### Composition

Following the 2022 election and subsequent by-elections and changes of allegiance up to September 2024, the composition of the council was:
| Party | Party | Councillors |
| | Labour | 63 |
| | Conservative | 22 |
| | Liberal Democrats | 12 |
| | Green | 2 |
| | Independent | 2 |
| Total | Total | 101 |
The next election is due in May 2026.

## Elections

Since the last boundary changes in 2018, the council has comprised 101 councillors representing 69 wards, with each ward electing one or two councillors. Elections are held every four years.

### Wards and councillors

The wards and councillors are:
| Ward | Councillor | Party | Council Service |
| Acocks Green | Roger Harmer | Liberal Democrats | 1995–2001, 2008–2012, 2014– |
| Acocks Green | Penny Wagg | Liberal Democrats | 2003–2011, 2022– |
| Allens Cross | Jack Deakin | Labour | 2022– |
| Alum Rock | Mohammed Idrees | Labour | 2002– |
| Alum Rock | Mariam Khan | Labour | 2012– |
| Aston | Ayoub Khan | Independent | 2003-2004, 2005-2012, 2022- |
| Aston | Mumtaz Hussain | Liberal Democrats | 2022– |
| Balsall Heath West | Shehla Moledina | Labour | 2022– |
| Bartley Green | Bruce Lines | Conservative | 2003– |
| Bartley Green | Kerry Brewer | Conservative | 2022– |
| Billesley | Phil Davies | Labour | 2012– |
| Billesley | Katherine Iroh | Labour | 2021– |
| Birchfield | Mahmood Hussain | Labour | 1996–2011, 2012– |
| Bordesley and Highgate | Yvonne Mosquito | Labour | 1996– |
| Bordesley Green | Raqeeb Aziz | Labour | 2022– |
| Bournbrook and Selly Park | Jamie Scott | Labour | 2024– |
| Bournbrook and Selly Park | Karen McCarthy | Labour | 2012– |
| Bournville and Cotteridge | Liz Clements | Labour | 2017– |
| Bournville and Cotteridge | Fred Grindrod | Labour | 2018– |
| Brandwood & King's Heath | David Sean Barker | Labour | 2022– |
| Brandwood & King's Heath | Lisa Trickett | Labour | 2012– |
| Bromford and Hodge Hill | Diane Donaldson | Labour | 2016– |
| Bromford and Hodge Hill | Majidd Mahmoob | Labour | 2011– |
| Castle Vale | Ray Goodwin | Labour | 2022– |
| Druids Heath and Monyhull | Julien Pritchard | Green | 2018– |
| Edgbaston | Deirdre Alden | Conservative | 1999– |
| Edgbaston | Matt Bennett | Conservative | 2008–2012, 2015– |
| Erdington | Robert Alden | Conservative | 2006– |
| Erdington | Gareth Moore | Conservative | 2011– |
| Frankley Great Park | Simon Morrall | Conservative | 2018– |
| Garretts Green | Saddak Miah | Labour | 2018– |
| Glebe Farm and Tile Cross | Marj Bridle | Labour | 1986– |
| Glebe Farm and Tile Cross | John Cotton | Labour | 1999–2008, 2010– |
| Gravelly Hill | Mick Brown | Labour | 2012– |
| Hall Green North | Akhlaq Ahmed | Labour Co-op | 2018– |
| Hall Green North | Saima Suleman | Labour | 2021– |
| Hall Green South | Timothy Huxtable | Conservative | 2002– |
| Handsworth | Hendrina Quinnen | Labour | 2009– |
| Handsworth Wood | Gurdial Singh Atwal | Labour | 2004– |
| Handsworth Wood | Narinder Kaur Kooner | Labour | 2006– |
| Harborne | Martin Brooks | Independent | 1982–1999, 2022– |
| Harborne | Jayne Francis | Labour | 2016– |
| Heartlands | Shafique Shah | Labour | 2005– |
| Highter's Heath | Adam Higgs | Conservative | 2018– |
| Holyhead | Rinkal Shergill | Labour | 2022– |
| King's Norton North | Alex Aitken | Labour | 2018– |
| King's Norton South | Rob Grant | Green | 2022– |
| Kingstanding | Des Hughes | Labour | 2010–2014, 2015–2018, 2022– |
| Kingstanding | Rick Payne | Conservative | 2022– |
| Ladywood | Albert Bore | Labour | 1980– |
| Ladywood | Kath Hartley | Labour | 1996–2000, 2002– |
| Longbridge and West Heath | Debbie Clancy | Conservative | 2015– |
| Longbridge and West Heath | Ron Storer | Conservative | 2014– |
| Lozells | Waseem Zaffar | Labour | 2011– |
| Moseley | Kerry Jenkins | Labour | 2014– |
| Moseley | Izzy Knowles | Liberal Democrats | 2022– |
| Nechells | Lee Marsham | Labour | 2022– |
| Newtown | Ziaul Islam | Labour | 2006– |
| North Edgbaston | Marcus Bernasconi | Labour | 2022– |
| North Edgbaston | Sharon Thompson | Labour | 2014– |
| Northfield | Kirsten Kurt-Elli | Labour | 2022– |
| Oscott | Barbara Dring | Labour | 2004– |
| Oscott | Darius Sandhu | Conservative | 2021– |
| Perry Barr | Jon Hunt | Liberal Democrats | 2003– |
| Perry Barr | Jan Morriam | Liberal Democrats | 2017– |
| Perry Common | Joanne Bermingham | Labour | 1995–2008, 2022– |
| Pype Hayes | Basharat Mahmood | Labour | 2022– |
| Quinton | Sam Forsyth | Labour | 2022– |
| Quinton | Lauren Rainbow | Labour | 2022– |
| Rubery and Rednal | Adrian Delaney | Conservative | 2004–2015, 2018– |
| Shard End | Ian Ward | Labour | 1995– |
| Sheldon | Paul Tilsley | Liberal Democrats | 1968–1982, 1988– |
| Sheldon | Colin Green | Liberal Democrats | 2022– |
| Small Heath | Shabina Bano | Liberal Democrats | 2022– |
| Small Heath | Saqib Khan | Labour | 2022– |
| Soho and Jewellery Quarter | Chaman Lal | Labour | 1994– |
| Soho and Jewellery Quarter | Sybil Spence | Labour | 1986– |
| South Yardley | Zaker Choudhry | Liberal Democrats | 2006–2010, 2014– |
| Sparkbrook and Balsall Heath East | Mohammed Azim | Labour | 2004–2006, 2012– |
| Sparkbrook and Balsall Heath East | Shabrana Hussain | Labour | 2016– |
| Sparkhill | Rashad Mahmood | Labour | 2022– |
| Sparkhill | Nicky Brennan | Labour | 2018– |
| Stirchley | Mary Locke | Labour | 2016– |
| Stockland Green | Amar Khan | Labour | 2022– |
| Stockland Green | Jane Jones | Labour | 2022– |
| Sutton Four Oaks | Maureen Cornish | Conservative | 2007– |
| Sutton Mere Green | Meirion Jenkins | Conservative | 2012– |
| Sutton Reddicap | Richard Parkin | Conservative | 2022– |
| Sutton Roughley | Ewan Mackey | Conservative | 2014– |
| Sutton Trinity | David Pears | Conservative | 1987–1991, 1992–1996, 2004– |
| Sutton Vesey | Rob Pocock | Labour | 2012– |
| Sutton Vesey | Kath Scott | Labour | 2018– |
| Sutton Walmley and Minworth | David Barrie | Conservative | 2009– |
| Sutton Walmley and Minworth | Ken Wood | Conservative | 2008–2012, 2014– |
| Sutton Wylde Green | Alex Yip | Conservative | 2015– |
| Tyseley and Hay Mills | Zafar Iqbal | Labour | 2012– |
| Ward End | Bushra Bi | Labour | 2022– |
| Weoley and Selly Oak | Miranda Perks | Labour | 2022– |
| Weoley and Selly Oak | Jamie Tennant | Labour | 2022– |
| Yardley East | Deborah Harries | Liberal Democrats | 2021– |
| Yardley West and Stechford | Baber Baz | Liberal Democrats | 2018– |
* ↑ Originally elected as a Liberal Democrat, resigned to become independent in May 2024.
* ↑ Originally elected as Labour, administratively suspended in September 2024.
* ↑ Originally elected as Labour, defected to the Liberal Democrats in September 2024.

## Premises

The council meets and has some offices at the Council House on Victoria Square in the city centre. The building was first completed in 1879 for the old borough council and has been extended several times since. The council has several other office buildings, notably at 10 Woodcock Street, completed in 2011. There are two customer services centres, at 67 Sutton New Road in Erdington and at 1a Vineyard Road in Northfield. The possible closure and sale of some of the council's buildings is being considered as part of addressing the council's financial difficulties following the issuing of the Section 114 notice in 2023.

## Chief executives

Past chief executives have included:
* 1994 (1994) – 2001 (2001): Sir Michael Lyons
* 2002 (2002) – 2005 (2005): Lin Homer
* 2005 (2005) – 2014 (2014): Stephen Hughes
* 2014 (2014) – 2017 (2017): Mark Rogers
* 2017 (2017): Angela Probert (Acting)
* 2017 (2017) – 2018: Stella Manzie (Interim)
* 2018 (2018) – 2019 (2019): Dawn Baxendale
* 2019 – 2020 Clive Heaphy (Acting)
* 2020 – Chris Naylor (Interim)
* 2021 – Deborah Cadman

## Services and facilities

Notable services provided and facilities managed by Birmingham City Council include:
* Library of Birmingham
* Public Library and Baths, Balsall Heath
* Birmingham Wholesale Markets
* Cemeteries
** Brandwood End Cemetery
** Handsworth Cemetery
** Lodge Hill Cemetery
** Witton Cemetery
* Council House
* Hall of Memory
* Parks
** Brookvale Park
** Calthorpe Park
** Handsworth Park
** Kings Heath Park
** Swanshurst Park
** Several country parks
The city's museums were transferred to the independent Birmingham Museums Trust in 2012. The council sold its Ogwen Cottage Outdoor Pursuits Centre, by auction, in October 2014.

### Highways

In 2010, Birmingham City Council agreed a 25 year deal with Amey plc to manage the city's highways, but, after allegations of sub-standard repairs to roads and pavements, the council invoked penalty clauses and entered into a prolonged legal dispute. In December 2018, Amey parent Ferrovial put the business up for sale, after allocating €237m for losses on Amey's highway maintenance contract with the Council. In February 2019, Amey was close to a deal to exit its Birmingham contract, liabilities from which were preventing the company's sale by Ferrovial. A £215m deal to terminate Amey's Birmingham contract was confirmed in July 2019. The council was set to receive £160m in 2019 with a further £55m paid over the next six years, with services continuing on an interim basis until September 2019, and potentially until March 2020. However, in February 2020, it was announced the Birmingham contract would end in March 2020; Kier Group was appointed as interim contractor for 15 months while the council sought a permanent replacement for Amey. In February 2022, the city council formally began the process of identifying a contractor to deliver £2.7 billion of works over 12 years, and invited Kier and Canadian firm SNC-Lavalin to tender for the city’s restructured highways PFI contract, covering more than 2,500km of road and 5,000km of footway. However, in October 2023, the council claimed the government was preparing to "pull the plug" on £600m of highways funding. Kier were awarded the restructured contract, set to start in February 2024, but the deal was subject to government approval.