# Helmut Berger

Helmut Berger (German pronunciation: ; né Steinberger; 29 May 1944 – 18 May 2023) was an Austrian actor, known for his portrayal of narcissistic and sexually ambiguous characters. He was one of the stars of European cinema in the late 1960s and 1970s, and is regarded as a sex symbol and pop icon of that period.
He is most famous for his work with Luchino Visconti, particularly in his performance as King Ludwig II of Bavaria in Ludwig, for which he received a special David di Donatello award, and his performance in The Damned for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.

## Early life and education

Berger was born in Bad Ischl, Austria (then part of Nazi Germany), into a family of hoteliers. After receiving his Matura, Berger trained and worked in this field, though he had no interest in gastronomy or the hospitality industry. At age eighteen, he moved to London where he did odd jobs while taking acting classes. After studying languages at the Università per Stranieri di Perugia in Italy, Berger moved to Rome.

## Career
### 1964 to 1976

He met the film director Luchino Visconti in 1964. Visconti gave him his first acting role in the film Le streghe (The Witches, 1967) (in the episode "La Strega Bruciata Viva"). He gained international prominence as Martin von Essenbeck in Visconti's The Damned (1969). In that film, in what is perhaps his best-known scene, he pretends to be Marlene Dietrich as she appeared in the film The Blue Angel (1930). He then performed the title role in the Oscar Wilde adaption Dorian Gray (1970) and a leading role in the Oscar-winning Italian drama film The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (1970). In Visconti's Ludwig (1972), Berger portrays Ludwig II of Bavaria from his youth to his dissolute final years. Romy Schneider starred alongside him. This performance earned him a David di Donatello award. In 1974, Berger starred with Burt Lancaster in Visconti's Conversation Piece. The story of Conversation Piece is often considered an allegory of the personal relationship between Berger and Visconti. On several occasions Berger mentioned this film as his favorite.
He then played leading roles in such international productions as Ash Wednesday (1973) alongside Elizabeth Taylor and Henry Fonda and The Romantic Englishwoman (1975) alongside Michael Caine and Glenda Jackson. He also appeared in Tinto Brass's controversial film Salon Kitty with Ingrid Thulin in 1976. Well-known photographers including Helmut Newton, Mary Ellen Mark, and David Bailey published a series of pictures of him. Andy Warhol made Polaroids of him and produced serigraphs. Berger was also, in 1970, alongside his girlfriend Marisa Berenson, the first man photographed for the cover of Vogue.

### 1976 to 1999

The death of Luchino Visconti in 1976 plunged him into a personal crisis. Exactly one year after Visconti died, Berger tried to commit suicide but was found in time to be saved. Drug and alcohol abuse began to shadow his acting career. In 1980 Berger was cast by Claude Chabrol as Fantômas before he went to the United States to work in television in the role of Peter De Vilbis in nine episodes (1983–1984) of the U.S. prime time soap opera Dynasty, which he said he did only for money. He later said he was "crying on the way to the set but laughing on the way to the bank". This was his last appearance in a long-running television series. He continued working in the U.S. on various projects, most notably starring in Code Name: Emerald in 1985. In Europe, he acted in the TV-miniseries The Betrothed in 1989.
In 1990, Berger appeared in The Godfather Part III as corrupt banker Frederick Keinszig. He later appeared in the music video of Madonna's song "Erotica" in 1992 and appeared in Madonna's book Sex. In 1993, Berger reprised his role as King Ludwig II in the critically acclaimed film Ludwig 1881. Throughout the second half of the 1990s, he concentrated mainly on European productions, acting in films directed by Christoph Schlingensief, Yves Boisset, and many others.
In 1997, Quentin Tarantino included some archival footage of the film Beast with a Gun in his film Jackie Brown and thanked Berger in the closing credits for his performance.

### 2000s to 2023

From the early 2000s to 2009, Berger largely withdrew from the acting world, moving to Salzburg to care for his mother, who died in 2009. He then returned to acting in bigger production films.
In 2012, Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag published Helmut Berger – A Life in Pictures, a coffee table book about his life, featuring many previously unreleased photographs plus essays in German, English, Italian, and French. The book was well received by the reviewers.
In the thriller film Iron Cross (2009), Berger played Shrager, an aging character believed to be an old SS commander responsible for murdering Jews during World War II. In the early 2010s, Berger starred in two films directed by Peter Kern, Blutsfreundschaft (shown at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival (2010)) and Mörderschwestern (2011). In 2014, Berger appeared in Saint Laurent as the older Yves Saint Laurent for which he was "celebrated" at the Cannes Film Festival. The short film Art!, in which Berger had a starring role, had its world premiere at the Paris Independent Film Festival 2015.
In 2015, Austrian filmmaker Andreas Horvath released a feature-length documentary about Berger called Helmut Berger, Actor. The film premiered at the Venice Film Festival. In the magazine Artforum, American film director John Waters chose Helmut Berger, Actor as the 'Best Motion Picture of the year 2015'. Berger later filed a lawsuit against Horvath.
On 22 February 2018, the premiere of Albert Serra's play, Liberté, starring Berger and Ingrid Caven was performed at the Volksbühne theatre in Berlin. It was the first stage role in Berger's career. In 2019, another documentary film Helmut Berger, meine Mutter und ich was released, dealing with his personality and an attempted comeback.
After suffering several bouts of pneumonia, Berger announced his retirement from acting in November 2019 and stated that he wanted to spend his remaining years away from the public eye.

## Personal life

Berger was openly bisexual. He was in relationships with his director and mentor Luchino Visconti and actress Marisa Berenson. Berger married Italian writer and model Francesca Guidato on 19 November 1994. After 2010 they lived separately. Berger lived for many years in Rome, but returned to Salzburg in the 2000s to take care of his elderly mother.
In the late 1960s and 1970s, Berger was seen as the "it boy of the European jet set". According to his 1998 autobiography Ich. Die Autobiographie, the actor's affairs included flings with Rudolf Nureyev, Britt Ekland, Ursula Andress, Nathalie Delon, Tab Hunter, Florinda Bolkan, Linda Blair, Marisa Mell, Anita Pallenberg, Marilù Tolo, Jerry Hall, and both Bianca and Mick Jagger. Miguel Bosé writes about his affair with Berger in his autobiography.
From the 1980s on, Berger's private life was also in the news for his struggles with alcohol and drugs, which sometimes resulted in eccentric and controversial television appearances. In 2013, Berger appeared on Ich bin ein Star – Holt mich hier raus!, the German version of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. He had to leave for health reasons after only two days.

### Death

Berger died on 18 May 2023, at the age of 78.

## Awards and honours

In 1969, Berger was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role in The Damned, and in 1973 he won a David di Donatello – the Italian equivalent of an Academy Award – for his performance in Ludwig.
In 2007, he received a special Teddy Award at the 57th Berlin International Film Festival (2007) for his overall professional achievements.
In 2010, Berger received two Prix Lumières at the Lumière Film Festival in Lyon and also the "golden key" of the city.
In 2011, he received a Kristián Award, awarded at the Czech film festival Febiofest "for Contributions to World Cinema".

## Reception

   Except for Helmut Berger, there are no interesting women today.
   I think it's androgyny, whether it's David Bowie or Helmut Berger, that has really really influenced my work more than anything.
   I think he's wonderful. A man who says what he thinks.
   He's one of those who leave nobody indifferent.

## Filmography

(director in parentheses; all films except as noted)
* 1967: Le streghe (The Witches) (Luchino Visconti) as Young man at Hotel (segment "La Strega Bruciata Viva")
* 1968: The Young Tigers [it] (Antonio Leonviola) as Dario
* 1969: Sai cosa faceva Stalin alle donne? [it] (Maurizio Liverani) as Aldo
* 1969: The Damned (Luchino Visconti) as Martin Von Essenbeck
* 1970: Dorian Gray (Massimo Dallamano) as Dorian Gray
* 1970: The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Vittorio De Sica) as Alberto
* 1971: Un beau monstre (Sergio Gobbi) as Alain Revent
* 1971: The Bloodstained Butterfly (Duccio Tessari) as Giorgio
* 1972: La colonna infame (Nelo Risi) as Arconati
* 1973: Merry-Go-Round [de] (Otto Schenk) as Der Junge Herr / The Youngman / Alfred
* 1973: Les Voraces [fr] (Sergio Gobbi) as Kosta
* 1973: Ludwig (Luchino Visconti) as Ludwig
* 1973: Ash Wednesday (Larry Peerce) as Erich
* 1974: Conversation Piece (Luchino Visconti) as Konrad Huebel
* 1975: Order to Kill (José G. Maesso) as Clyde Hart
* 1975: The Romantic Englishwoman (Joseph Losey) as Thomas
* 1976: Salon Kitty (Tinto Brass) as Helmut Wallenberg
* 1976: Victory at Entebbe (Marvin Chomsky) as Wilfried Böse
* 1977: Beast with a Gun (Sergio Grieco) as Nanni Vitali
* 1977: Paperback
* 1978: The Greatest Battle (Umberto Lenzi) as Lt. Kurt Zimmer
* 1978: The Fifth Commandment (Duccio Tessari) as Bernhard Redder
* 1979: Le rose di Danzica (Alberto Bevilacqua) as Baron Erich von Lehner
* 1980: Fantômas [fr] (Claude Chabrol, Juan Luis Buñuel) (TV miniseries) as Fantômas / Nanteuil / Gurn / Valgrand
* 1980: Eroina (Massimo Pirri) as Marco
* 1981: Mia moglie è una strega (Castellano & Pipolo) as Asmodeo
* 1982: Deadly Game [it] (Károly Makk) as Boris
* 1983: Femmes (Tana Kaleya) as Helmut
* 1983: Veliki Transport (V. Bulajic) as Colonel Glassendorf
* 1982: Victoria! La gran aventura de un poble (Antoni Ribas) as Tinent Rodríguez Haro
* 1983: Victoria! 2: El frenesì del 17 (Antoni Ribas) as Tinent Rodríguez Haro
* 1983–1984: Dynasty (television series) as Peter De Vilbis
* 1984: Victoria! 3: La razon y el arrebato (Antoni Ribas) as Tinent Rodríguez Haro
* 1985: Code Name: Emerald (Jonathan Sanger) as Ernst Ritter
* 1988: Faceless (Jess Franco) as Docteur Flamand
* 1988: Act of Revenge (Salvatore Nocita)
* 1989: La Puritana (Nini Grassia) as Carlo Martora-Doctor
* 1990: The Godfather Part III (Francis Ford Coppola) as Frederick Keinszig
* 1992: Adelaide (Lucio Gaudino) as Gilas
* 1993: Boomtown (Christoph Schrewe) as Richard Schwarzer
* 1993: Ludwig 1881 (F. Dubini / D. Dubini) as King Ludwig II
* 1995: L'affaire Dreyfuss (Yves Boisset) as Schwartzkoppen
* 1996: L'ombra del faraone (S. Ben Barka)
* 1996: Teo (Cinzia TH Torrini) as Signor Mastrovito
* 1997: The 120 Days of Bottrop [de] (Christoph Schlingensief) as Himself
* 1997: Last Cut (Marcello Avallone)
* 1999: Under the Palms (M. Kruishoop) as David
* 2004: Honey Baby (Mika Kaurismäki) as Karl / Hades
* 2005: Damals warst du still (R. Matsutani) as Fabian Plessen
* 2009: Zapping Alien (V. Zeplichal) as Jack / 00Y / Georg II
* 2009: Blutsfreundschaft (Peter Kern) as Gustav Tritzinsky
* 2009: Iron Cross (Joshua Newton) as Shrager / Vogler
* 2011: Mörderschwestern (Peter Kern) as Dr. Schleier
* 2013: The Devil's Violinist (Bernard Rose) as Lord Burghersh
* 2014: Saint Laurent (Bertrand Bonello) as Yves Saint Laurent en 1989
* 2015: Helmut Berger, Actor (Andreas Horvath), documentary film as himself
* 2019: Helmut Berger, meine Mutter und ich (Valesca Peters), documentary film as himself
* 2019: Freedom (Albert Serra) as Baron von Walchern