# Roberto Benigni

Roberto Remigio Benigni Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (/bəˈniːni/; Italian:; born 27 October 1952) is an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter, and film director. He gained international recognition for writing, directing, and starring in the Holocaust comedy drama film Life Is Beautiful (1997), for which he received the Academy Awards for Best Actor and Best International Feature Film. Benigni was the first actor to win the Best Actor Academy Award for a non-English language performance.
Benigni made his acting debut in 1977's Berlinguer, I Love You, which he also wrote, and which was directed by Giuseppe Bertolucci. Benigni's directorial debut was the 1983 anthology film Tu mi turbi, which was also the acting debut of his wife, Nicoletta Braschi. He continued directing and also starring in the comedic films Nothing Left to Do But Cry (1984), The Little Devil (1988), Johnny Stecchino (1991), The Monster (1994), the award-winning film Life Is Beautiful (1997), Pinocchio (2002), and The Tiger and the Snow (2005).
Benigni acted in the Jim Jarmusch films Down by Law (1986), Night on Earth (1991) and Coffee and Cigarettes (2003). He also acted in Blake Edwards' Son of the Pink Panther (1993), Woody Allen's To Rome with Love (2012), and Matteo Garrone's Pinocchio (2019).

## Early life

Benigni was born on 27 October 1952 in Manciano La Misericordia (a frazione of Castiglion Fiorentino), Tuscany, the son of Isolina Papini (1919–2004), a fabric maker, and Luigi Benigni (1919–2004), a bricklayer, carpenter, and farmer. He has three sisters: Bruna (born 1945), Albertina (born 1947) and Anna (born 1948). He was raised Catholic and served as an altar boy; later in his life he became an atheist, but then resumed his interest in religious topics, such as the Ten Commandments and the Song of Songs, and finally returned to practicing Catholicism.
His first experiences as a theatre actor took place in 1971, in Prato. During that autumn he moved to Rome where he took part in some experimental theatre shows, some of which he also directed. In 1975, Benigni had his first theatrical success with Cioni Mario di Gaspare fu Giulia, written by Giuseppe Bertolucci.
Benigni became widely known in Italy in the 1970s for a television series called Onda Libera, on Rai 2, produced by Renzo Arbore, in which he interpreted the satirical piece The Hymn of the Body Purged (L'inno del corpo sciolto, a scatological song about the joys of defecation). A great scandal for the time, the series was suspended due to censorship. His first film was 1977's Berlinguer, I Love You (Berlinguer ti voglio bene), also by Bertolucci.
His popularity increased with L'altra domenica (1976–1979), another TV show of Arbore's in which Benigni portrayed a lazy film critic who never watches the films he's asked to review. Bernardo Bertolucci then cast him in a small speechless role as a window upholsterer in the film La Luna which had limited American distribution due to its subject matter.

## Career
### Early roles

In 1980 he met Cesenate actress Nicoletta Braschi, who became his wife on 26 December 1991 and who has starred in most of the films he has directed.
In June 1983 he appeared during a public political demonstration by the Italian Communist Party, with which he was a sympathiser, and on this occasion, he lifted and cradled the party's national leader Enrico Berlinguer. It was an unprecedented act, given that until that moment Italian politicians were proverbially serious and formal. Benigni was censored again in the 1980s for calling Pope John Paul II something impolite during an important live TV show (Wojtylaccio, meaning 'Bad Wojtyla' in Italian, but with a somewhat friendly meaning in Tuscan dialect).
Benigni's first film as director was Tu mi turbi (You Upset Me) in 1983. This film was also his first collaboration with Braschi.
In 1984, he played in Non ci resta che piangere ('Nothing Left to Do but Cry') with comic actor Massimo Troisi. The story was a fable in which the protagonists are suddenly thrown back in time to the 15th century, just a little before 1492. They start looking for Christopher Columbus in order to stop him from discovering the Americas (for very personal reasons), but are not able to reach him.

### Hollywood roles

Beginning in 1986, Benigni starred in three films by American director Jim Jarmusch. In Down By Law (1986) (which in Italy had its title spelt "Daunbailò", in Italian phonetics) he played Bob, an innocent foreigner living in the United States, convicted of manslaughter, whose irrepressible good humour and optimism help him to escape and find love (the film also starred Braschi as his beloved). In Night on Earth, (1991) he played a cabbie in Rome, who causes his passenger, a priest, great discomfort and a heart attack by confessing his bizarre sexual experiences. Later, he also starred in the first of Jarmusch's series of short films, Coffee and Cigarettes (2003).
In 1990, he was a member of the Jury at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival.
In 1993, he starred in Son of the Pink Panther, directed by veteran Blake Edwards. Benigni played Peter Sellers' Inspector Clouseau's illegitimate son who is assigned to save the Princess of Lugash. The film bombed in the US, but was a hit in his homeland.
Benigni had a rare serious role in Federico Fellini's last film, La voce della luna ('The Voice of the Moon') (1989). In earlier years Benigni had started a long-lasting collaboration with screenwriter Vincenzo Cerami, for a series of films which scored great success in Italy: Il piccolo diavolo ('The Little Devil') with Walter Matthau, Johnny Stecchino ('Johnny Toothpick'), and Il mostro ('The Monster').

### Life Is Beautiful

Benigni is widely known outside Italy for his 1997 tragicomedy Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella), filmed in Arezzo, also written by Cerami. The film is about an Italian Jewish man who tries to protect his son's innocence during his internment at a Nazi concentration camp, by telling him that the Holocaust is an elaborate game and he must adhere very carefully to the rules to win. Benigni's father had spent three years in a concentration camp in Bergen-Belsen, and La vita è bella is based in part on his father's experiences. Benigni was also inspired by the story of Holocaust survivor Rubino Romeo Salmonì. Although the story and presentation of the film had been discussed during production with different Jewish groups to limit the offence it might cause, the film was attacked by some critics, who accused it of presenting the Holocaust without much suffering, while others argued that a comedy about such a subject was not appropriate. More favourable critics praised Benigni's artistic daring and skill to create a sensitive comedy involving Holocaust, a challenge that Charlie Chaplin confessed he would not have taken on with The Great Dictator had he been aware of the true horrors occurring in ghettos and concentration camps in Europe at the time.
In 1998, the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards. At the 1999 ceremony, the film was awarded the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film (which Benigni accepted as the film's director), Best Original Dramatic Score (the score by Nicola Piovani), and Benigni received the award for Best Actor (the first for a male performer in a non-English-speaking role, and only the third overall acting Oscar for non-English-speaking roles).
Overcome with giddy delight after Life Is Beautiful was announced as the Best Foreign Language Film at the Oscars, Benigni climbed over and then stood on the backs of the seats in front of him and applauded the audience before proceeding to the stage. After winning his Best Actor Oscar later in the evening, he said in his acceptance speech, "This is a terrible mistake because I used up all my English!". To close his speech, Benigni quoted the closing lines of Dante's Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia), referencing "the love that moves the sun and all the stars". At the following year's ceremony, when he read the nominees for Best Actress (won by Hilary Swank for Boys Don't Cry), host Billy Crystal playfully appeared behind him with a large net to restrain Benigni if he got excessive with his antics again. On a 1999 episode of Saturday Night Live, host Ray Romano played him in a sketch parodying his giddy behavior at the ceremony.

### Beyond Life Is Beautiful

Benigni played one of the main characters in Asterix and Obelix vs. Caesar as Detritus, a corrupt Roman provincial governor who wants to kill Julius Caesar, thereby seizing control of the Roman Republic.
That same year, he gave a typically energetic and revealing interview to Canadian filmmaker Damian Pettigrew for Fellini: I'm a Born Liar (2002), a cinematic portrait of the maestro that was nominated for Best Documentary at the European Film Awards. The film went on to win the prestigious Rockie Award for Best Arts Documentary at the Banff World Television Festival (2002) and the Coup de Coeur at the International Sunnyside of the Doc Marseille (2002).
In 2003, Benigni was honored by the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF), receiving the Foundation's NIAF Special Achievement Award in Entertainment.
His film La tigre e la neve (The Tiger and the Snow, 2005) is a love story set during the initial stage of the Iraq War.
On 15 October 2005, he performed an impromptu striptease on Italy's most watched evening news program, removing his shirt and draping it over the newscaster's shoulders. Prior to removing his shirt, Benigni had already hijacked the opening credits of the news program, jumping behind the newscaster and announcing: "Berlusconi has resigned!" (Benigni is an outspoken critic of media tycoon and then former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi). The previous day, he had led a crowd of thousands in Rome on Friday in protest at the centre-right government's decision to cut state arts funding by 35 per cent.
On 2 February 2007, he was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. On 22 April 2008, the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa was conferred on him by the University of Malta, celebrated by a Settimana Dantesca including Benigni's first stage appearance at a university and the premiere of his performing with Dante scholar Robert Hollander.
In 2012, he starred in the Woody Allen film, To Rome with Love.
In 2019, he starred as Geppetto in Matteo Garrone's 2019 adaptation of Pinocchio.

### TuttoDante

Benigni is an improvisatory poet (poesia estemporanea is a form of art popularly followed and practised in Tuscany), appreciated for his explanation and recitations of Dante's Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia) from memory.
During 2006 and 2007, Benigni had a lot of success touring Italy with his 90-minute "one-man show" TuttoDante ('Everything About Dante'). Combining current events and memories of his past narrated with an ironic tone, Benigni then begins a journey of poetry and passion through the world of the Divine Comedy.
TuttoDante has been performed in numerous Italian piazzas, arenas, and stadiums for a total of 130 shows, with an estimated audience of about one million spectators. Over 10 million more spectators watched the TV show, Il V canto dell'Inferno ('The 5th Song of Hell'), broadcast by Rai 1 on 29 November 2007, with re-runs on Rai International.
Benigni began North American presentations of TuttoDante with an announcement that he learned English to bring the gift of Dante's work to English speakers. The English performance incorporates dialectic discussion of language and verse and is a celebration of modernity and the concept of human consciousness as created by language.
Benigni brought TuttoDante to the United States, Canada and Argentina in the TuttoDante Tour between 2008 and 2009 with performances in San Francisco, Boston and Chicago. Benigni was feted in San Francisco at a special reception held by the National Italian American Foundation in his honour on 24 May 2009. Following his U.S. premiere Benigni performed his last presentation on 16 June 2009, in Buenos Aires, Argentina where he was awarded Honorary Citizenship of the City of Buenos Aires in a ceremony held at the Legislative Palace in homage to the notable Italian diaspora and culture in Argentina.

## In other media

Benigni is also a singer-songwriter. Among his recorded performances are versions of Paolo Conte's songs.

## Honors

In 1999, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.

### Honorary degrees

In addition to numerous film awards, Benigni has garnered honorary degrees from universities worldwide:
* 1999 – Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy from the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
* 2002 – Honorary Doctorate in Letters from the University of Bologna, Italy.
* 2003 – Honorary Degree in Psychology from the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
* 2007 – Honorary Doctorate in Letters from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
* 2007 – Honorary Degree in Modern Philology from the University of Florence, Italy.
* 2008 – Honorary Doctorate in Letters from the University of Malta, Malta.
* 2008 – Honorary Degree in Communication Arts from the Touro University Rome, Zagarolo, Italy.
* 2012 – Honorary Degree in Modern Philology from the University of Calabria, Italy.
* 2012 – Honorary Doctorate in Letters from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
* 2015 – Honorary Doctorate in Laws from the University of Toronto, Canada.
* 2024 – Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from the University of Notre Dame, United States

## Influence

The Europe List, the largest survey on European culture, established that the top three films in European culture are
* Benigni's Life Is Beautiful
* Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others
* Jean-Pierre Jeunet's Amélie

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1977 | Berlinguer, I Love You | Mario Cioni | Also writer |
| 1979 | Tigers in Lipstick | Principal | Segment: Una mamma |
| 1979 | Womanlight | Barman at Clapsy's | |
| 1979 | La Luna | Upholsterer | |
| 1979 | I giorni cantati | Professor | |
| 1979 | Seeking Asylum | Roberto | |
| 1980 | In the Pope's Eye | Himself | |
| 1981 | Il minestrone | The Maestro | |
| 1983 | Tu mi turbi | Benigno | Also director and writer |
| 1983 | "FF.SS." – Cioè: "...che mi hai portato a fare sopra a Posillipo se non mi vuoi più bene?" | Beige Sheikh | |
| 1984 | Nothing Left to Do But Cry | Saverio | Also director and writer |
| 1986 | Down by Law | Roberto | English speaking film debut |
| 1986 | Coffee and Cigarettes | Roberto | Short film |
| 1988 | The Little Devil | Giuditta | Also director and writer |
| 1990 | The Voice of the Moon | Ivo Salvini | |
| 1991 | Night on Earth | Cab Driver | Segment: Rome |
| 1991 | Johnny Stecchino | Dante Ceccarini / Johnny Stecchino | Also director and writer |
| 1993 | Son of the Pink Panther | Jacques Gambrelli | |
| 1994 | The Monster | Loris | Also director, writer and producer |
| 1997 | Life Is Beautiful | Guido Orefice | Also director and writer |
| 1999 | Asterix & Obelix Take On Caesar | Lucius Detritus | |
| 2002 | Pinocchio | Pinocchio | Also director and writer |
| 2003 | Caterina in the Big City | Himself | |
| 2003 | Coffee and Cigarettes | Roberto | |
| 2005 | The Tiger and the Snow | Attilio de Giovanni | Also director and writer |
| 2010 | La commedia di Amos Poe | Narrator | Voice |
| 2011 | Pistachio - The Little Boy That Woodn't | Head of Italy | Voice |
| 2012 | To Rome with Love | Leopoldo Pisanello | |
| 2019 | Pinocchio | Geppetto | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1972 | Sorelle Materassi [it] | Youth | Episode: "Episodio 1" |
| 1976–1977 | Onda libera [it] | Mario Cioni | 4 episodes Also writer |
| 1979 | Ma che cos'è questo amore [it] | The Thinker | 2 episodes |
| 1982 | Morto Troisi, viva Troisi! [it] | Himself / Anonymous Childhood Friend | Television film |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Project | Result |
| 1983 | David di Donatello | Best New Director | Tu mi turbi | Nominated |
| 1983 | Nastro d'Argento | Best New Director | Tu mi turbi | Nominated |
| 1986 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Actor | Down by Law | Won |
| 1986 | Independent Spirit Award | Best Male Lead | Down by Law | Nominated |
| 1988 | David di Donatello | Best Actor | The Little Devil | Won |
| 1988 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Director | The Little Devil | Nominated |
| 1988 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Actor | The Little Devil | Nominated |
| 1988 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Actor | Johnny Stecchino | Won |
| 1988 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Screenplay | Johnny Stecchino | Nominated |
| 1993 | Razzie Award | Worst New Star | Son of the Pink Panther | Nominated |
| 1998 | Academy Award | Best Actor | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Academy Award | Best International Feature Film | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Academy Award | Best Director | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | Academy Award | Best Original Screenplay | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | British Academy Film Award | Best Actor in a Leading Role | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | British Academy Film Award | Best Original Screenplay | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | Cannes Film Festival | Grand Prix – Cannes Film Festival | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Leading Actor | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Chicago Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | Boston Society of Film Critics | Best Director | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | David di Donatello | Best Director | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | David di Donatello | Best Actor | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | David di Donatello | Best Screenplay | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Directors Guild of America Award | Outstanding Directing - Feature Film | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | European Film Award | Best Actor | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Screen Actors Guild Award | Outstanding Actor in a Leading Role | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Screen Actors Guild Award | Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture | Life Is Beautiful | Nominated |
| 1998 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Director | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| 1998 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Actor | Life Is Beautiful | Won |
| Best Screenplay | Nastro d'Argento | Won |
| 2002 | David di Donatello | Best Actor | Pinocchio | Nominated |
| 2002 | Razzie Award | Worst Actor | Pinocchio | Won |
| 2002 | Razzie Award | Worst Director | Pinocchio | Nominated |
| 2002 | Razzie Award | Worst Screen Couple | Pinocchio | Nominated |
| 2002 | Razzie Award | Worst Screenplay | Pinocchio | Nominated |
| 2005 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Actor | The Tiger and the Snow | Nominated |
| 2019 | Nastro d'Argento | Best Supporting Actor | Pinocchio | Won |
| 2019 | David di Donatello | Best Supporting Actor | Pinocchio | Nominated |