# Kirana gharana

The Kirana Gharana is a Hindustani music apprenticeship tradition (gharana) made popular by Bande Ali Khan in the 19th Century and his cousins Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan. Evolved from the instrumental and vocal Gauharbani dhrupad lineages of medieval music maestros Nayak Gopal, Nayak Dhondu, and Nayak Bhanu. Later, this tradition came to be reputed for khayal, thumri, dadra, ghazal, bhajan, abhang, and natya sangeet. This gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Sawai Gandharva, Sureshbabu Mane, Hirabai Barodekar, Amir Khan, Gangubai Hangal, Bhimsen Joshi, Roshanara Begum, Mohammed Rafi, Prabha Atre, Mashkoor Ali Khan Kaivalya Kumar Gurav, Pran Nath, Anand Bhate, Sanhita Nandi, and Jayateerth Mevundi. Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctly sweet, devotional, and intense vocalism.

## Background

Awareness about the Kirana Gharana grew with the rising status of Beenkar Bande Ali Khan in the Gwalior Court and Indore Court in the mid-19th Century. Due to his fame, members of his extended family, such as vocalists Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan, began describing themselves as from the same gharana. The Kirana Gharana takes its name from the birth place of Bande Ali Khan, Kairana, though the family is said to originate from Saharanpur District. Bande Ali Khan is arguably the most influential Hindustani Classical instrumentalist of the 19th Century. In its initial decades, the importance of Kirana Gharana was derived from his status. Since, the fame of Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan extended the gharana's name which came to be associated with singing.

## History

In the 19th Century, the Kirana gharana coalesced around Bande Ali Khan, a renowned musician of the rudra veena. The gharana's style was further developed, and established as one of the prominent styles in modern Hindustani classical music in the early 20th Century by musicians Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan.
The Kirana Gharana includes an extensive family of musicians and their traditions which can be distinguished by four lineages: that of Bande Ali Khan, Abdul Karim Khan, Abdul Wahid Khan, and Fayyaz Ahmed & Niyaz Ahmed Khan.

### Bande Ali Khan

Bande Ali Khan was one of the most influential musicians in the 19th Century. Though he directly taught few musicians, his influence expanded to many other musicians and their gharanas. Those claiming to be his disciples come from Mewati Gharana, Etawah Gharana, Sonipat-Panipat Gharana, Indore Gharana, and others.

### Abdul Karim Khan

Abdul Karim Khan was one of the most influential classical musicians in the 20th Century. He was an extremely popular musician across the subcontinent. His success proved highly influential in popularizing the Kirana Gharana.
A frequent visitor to the Court of Mysore, Abdul Karim Khan was also influenced by Carnatic music.
Owing to his popularity, most contemporary Hindustani musicians from Karnataka are exponents of Kirana gharana, and Kirana gharana in turn has absorbed many of the features of the Carnatic tradition. The border region between Karnataka and Maharashtra is particularly associated with this gharana.
Abdul Karim Khan's tradition continued with Sawai Gandharva, Sureshbabu Mane, Gangubai Hangal, Bhimsen Joshi, Kaivalya Kumar Gurav, Jayateerth Mevundi, and Anand Bhate.

### Abdul Wahid Khan

The other primary master of the gharana, in the early 20th century, was Abdul Karim Khan's cousin Abdul Wahid Khan who chose to settle at Lahore, Pakistan after the 1947 Partition of British India.
Abdul Wahid Khan's tradition continued with Pran Nath, Hirabai Barodekar, Amir Khan, Prabha Atre, and Venkatesh Kumar.

### Fayyaz Ahmed & Niyaz Ahmed Khan

Brothers Fayyaz Ahmed & Niyaz Ahmed Khan became popular in the 1960s due to their jugalbandi performances. The duo earned much appreciation and respect from musicians, critics, and audiences. They represent a branch of the Kirana Gharana family distinct from Bande Ali Khan, Abdul Karim Khan, and Abdul Wahid Khan, but share the same ancestors.

## Philosophy
### Aesthetics
#### Vocalism

The central concern of the Kirana style is swara, or individual notes, in particular precise tuning and expression of notes. In the Kirana Gayaki (singing style), the individual notes (swaras) of the raga are not just random points in the scale, but independent realms of music capable of horizontal expansion. Emotional pukars in the higher octaves form a part of the musical experience. Another unique feature of this gharana is the intricate and ornate use of the sargam taan (weaving patterns with the notations themselves) introduced by Abdul Karim Khan under influence from the Carnatic classical style.

#### Tempo

In the late nineteenth century Abdul Karim Khan and Abdul Wahid Khan revolutionized the khayal gayaki by introducing the vilambit (a slow tempo section) to delineate the structure of the raga note by note.

### Repertoire
#### Ragas

Ragas frequently performed by musicians of the Kirana Gharana include Miyan Ki Todi, Lalit, Multani, Patdeep, Puriya, Marwa, Shuddha Kalyan, Darbari Kanada, and Komal Rishabh Asavari. P. L. Deshpande commented that performers from the Kirana gharana are particularly fond of the komal rishabh note, a frequent feature of these commonly performed ragas.
The Kirana Gharana also uniquely possesses many rare ragas including Suryakauns, Hindolita, Kalashri, Lalit Bhatiyar, Marwa Shree, and others.
Kumar Prasad Mukherjee noted Abdul Karim Khan's gifted ability to "revel" in "lighter ragas" like Gara, Barwa, Pilu, Khamaj, Kafi, and Tilak Kamod.

#### Bandishes

Mukherjee notes that Kirana Gharana musicians uniquely possess compositions by Hussain Ali Khan "Hingarang" and "Sabras."

### Teaching
## Ancestral pedagogy of Kirana Gharana

This tree details the hereditary lineage of the Kirana Gharana based on several documented accounts.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nayak Gopal | Nayak Gopal | Nayak Gopal | Nayak Gopal | Nayak Gopal | Nayak Gopal |
| Nayak Bhannu | Nayak Bhannu | Nayak Bhannu | Nayak Bhannu | Nayak Bhannu | Nayak Bhannu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nayak Dhondu | Nayak Dhondu | Nayak Dhondu | Nayak Dhondu | Nayak Dhondu | Nayak Dhondu |
| Ramzani Khan (Beenkar) | Ramzani Khan (Beenkar) | Ramzani Khan (Beenkar) | Ramzani Khan (Beenkar) | Ramzani Khan (Beenkar) | Ramzani Khan (Beenkar) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gullu Khan | Gullu Khan | Gullu Khan | Gullu Khan | Gullu Khan | Gullu Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gazi Khan | Gazi Khan | Gazi Khan | Gazi Khan | Gazi Khan | Gazi Khan |
| Mohammed Zama Khan (Beenkar) | Mohammed Zama Khan (Beenkar) | Mohammed Zama Khan (Beenkar) | Mohammed Zama Khan (Beenkar) | Mohammed Zama Khan (Beenkar) | Mohammed Zama Khan (Beenkar) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hussain Ali Khan "Hingarang" | Hussain Ali Khan "Hingarang" | Hussain Ali Khan "Hingarang" | Hussain Ali Khan "Hingarang" | Hussain Ali Khan "Hingarang" | Hussain Ali Khan "Hingarang" | | | Ghulam Maula Khan | Ghulam Maula Khan | Ghulam Maula Khan | Ghulam Maula Khan | Ghulam Maula Khan | Ghulam Maula Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rahim Ali Khan | Rahim Ali Khan | Rahim Ali Khan | Rahim Ali Khan | Rahim Ali Khan | Rahim Ali Khan |
| Allarakha Khan (Dhrupadiya) | Allarakha Khan (Dhrupadiya) | Allarakha Khan (Dhrupadiya) | Allarakha Khan (Dhrupadiya) | Allarakha Khan (Dhrupadiya) | Allarakha Khan (Dhrupadiya) | Langde Hussain Khan | Langde Hussain Khan | Langde Hussain Khan | Langde Hussain Khan | Langde Hussain Khan | Langde Hussain Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ilahi Baksh | Ilahi Baksh | Ilahi Baksh | Ilahi Baksh | Ilahi Baksh | Ilahi Baksh | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dhumi Khan | Dhumi Khan | Dhumi Khan | Dhumi Khan | Dhumi Khan | Dhumi Khan | | | | | | | | | | | Shahab Khan | Shahab Khan | Shahab Khan | Shahab Khan | Shahab Khan | Shahab Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Vajid Ali Khan | Vajid Ali Khan | Vajid Ali Khan | Vajid Ali Khan | Vajid Ali Khan | Vajid Ali Khan |
| Ghulam Taki Khan | Ghulam Taki Khan | Ghulam Taki Khan | Ghulam Taki Khan | Ghulam Taki Khan | Ghulam Taki Khan | Ghalum Kasim Khan | Ghalum Kasim Khan | Ghalum Kasim Khan | Ghalum Kasim Khan | Ghalum Kasim Khan | Ghalum Kasim Khan | Ghalum Zamin Khan | Ghalum Zamin Khan | Ghalum Zamin Khan | Ghalum Zamin Khan | Ghalum Zamin Khan | Ghalum Zamin Khan | Ghalum Azam Khan | Ghalum Azam Khan | Ghalum Azam Khan | Ghalum Azam Khan | Ghalum Azam Khan | Ghalum Azam Khan | Abdul Majid Khan | Abdul Majid Khan | Abdul Majid Khan | Abdul Majid Khan | Abdul Majid Khan | Abdul Majid Khan | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Rahim Khan | Abdul Rahim Khan | Abdul Rahim Khan | Abdul Rahim Khan | Abdul Rahim Khan | Abdul Rahim Khan | | | Abdul Aziz Khan | Abdul Aziz Khan | Abdul Aziz Khan | Abdul Aziz Khan | Abdul Aziz Khan | Abdul Aziz Khan | | | | | | | | | | | Nanne Khan | Nanne Khan | Nanne Khan | Nanne Khan | Nanne Khan | Nanne Khan | | | | | | | | | | | Mehboob Baksh | Mehboob Baksh | Mehboob Baksh | Mehboob Baksh | Mehboob Baksh | Mehboob Baksh | | | Kale Khan | Kale Khan | Kale Khan | Kale Khan | Kale Khan | Kale Khan | | | Abdulla Khan | Abdulla Khan | Abdulla Khan | Abdulla Khan | Abdulla Khan | Abdulla Khan | | | Shende Khan | Shende Khan | Shende Khan | Shende Khan | Shende Khan | Shende Khan |
| Sadiq Ali Khan | Sadiq Ali Khan | Sadiq Ali Khan | Sadiq Ali Khan | Sadiq Ali Khan | Sadiq Ali Khan | | | | | | | Khadin Hussain Khan | Khadin Hussain Khan | Khadin Hussain Khan | Khadin Hussain Khan | Khadin Hussain Khan | Khadin Hussain Khan | Hussain Ali (Beenkar) | Hussain Ali (Beenkar) | Hussain Ali (Beenkar) | Hussain Ali (Beenkar) | Hussain Ali (Beenkar) | Hussain Ali (Beenkar) | Habeeb Khan | Habeeb Khan | Habeeb Khan | Habeeb Khan | Habeeb Khan | Habeeb Khan | | | Abdul Wahid Khan | Abdul Wahid Khan | Abdul Wahid Khan | Abdul Wahid Khan | Abdul Wahid Khan | Abdul Wahid Khan | | | Abdul Gafur Khan | Abdul Gafur Khan | Abdul Gafur Khan | Abdul Gafur Khan | Abdul Gafur Khan | Abdul Gafur Khan | | | Abdul Razaq Khan | Abdul Razaq Khan | Abdul Razaq Khan | Abdul Razaq Khan | Abdul Razaq Khan | Abdul Razaq Khan | | | Abdul Rehman Khan | Abdul Rehman Khan | Abdul Rehman Khan | Abdul Rehman Khan | Abdul Rehman Khan | Abdul Rehman Khan | | | Rahim Baksh | Rahim Baksh | Rahim Baksh | Rahim Baksh | Rahim Baksh | Rahim Baksh | | | Hyder Baksh Khan | Hyder Baksh Khan | Hyder Baksh Khan | Hyder Baksh Khan | Hyder Baksh Khan | Hyder Baksh Khan | | | Rahman Baksh Khan | Rahman Baksh Khan | Rahman Baksh Khan | Rahman Baksh Khan | Rahman Baksh Khan | Rahman Baksh Khan | | | Abdul Karim Khan | Abdul Karim Khan | Abdul Karim Khan | Abdul Karim Khan | Abdul Karim Khan | Abdul Karim Khan | | | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | | | Abdul Latif Khan | Abdul Latif Khan | Abdul Latif Khan | Abdul Latif Khan | Abdul Latif Khan | Abdul Latif Khan |
| Haider Ali Khan | Haider Ali Khan | Haider Ali Khan | Haider Ali Khan | Haider Ali Khan | Haider Ali Khan | Bande Ali Khan (Beenkar) | Bande Ali Khan (Beenkar) | Bande Ali Khan (Beenkar) | Bande Ali Khan (Beenkar) | Bande Ali Khan (Beenkar) | Bande Ali Khan (Beenkar) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hafizullah Khan | Hafizullah Khan | Hafizullah Khan | Hafizullah Khan | Hafizullah Khan | Hafizullah Khan | | | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | Abdul Haqq Khan | | | Shakoor Khan | Shakoor Khan | Shakoor Khan | Shakoor Khan | Shakoor Khan | Shakoor Khan | | | Gani Khan | Gani Khan | Gani Khan | Gani Khan | Gani Khan | Gani Khan | | | Abdul Bashir Khan | Abdul Bashir Khan | Abdul Bashir Khan | Abdul Bashir Khan | Abdul Bashir Khan | Abdul Bashir Khan | | | Majid Khan | Majid Khan | Majid Khan | Majid Khan | Majid Khan | Majid Khan | | | Hamid Khan | Hamid Khan | Hamid Khan | Hamid Khan | Hamid Khan | Hamid Khan | | | Sureshbabu Mane | Sureshbabu Mane | Sureshbabu Mane | Sureshbabu Mane | Sureshbabu Mane | Sureshbabu Mane | | | Hirabai Badodekar | Hirabai Badodekar | Hirabai Badodekar | Hirabai Badodekar | Hirabai Badodekar | Hirabai Badodekar | | | Abdul Rehhman Khan | Abdul Rehhman Khan | Abdul Rehhman Khan | Abdul Rehhman Khan | Abdul Rehhman Khan | Abdul Rehhman Khan | | | Saraswati Rane | Saraswati Rane | Saraswati Rane | Saraswati Rane | Saraswati Rane | Saraswati Rane |
| Kanniz Begum | Kanniz Begum | Kanniz Begum | Kanniz Begum | Kanniz Begum | Kanniz Begum | Umrao Begum | Umrao Begum | Umrao Begum | Umrao Begum | Umrao Begum | Umrao Begum | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Samiulla Khan | Samiulla Khan | Samiulla Khan | Samiulla Khan | Samiulla Khan | Samiulla Khan | | | Akhtar Nawaz Khan | Akhtar Nawaz Khan | Akhtar Nawaz Khan | Akhtar Nawaz Khan | Akhtar Nawaz Khan | Akhtar Nawaz Khan | | | Mubarak Ali Khan | Mubarak Ali Khan | Mubarak Ali Khan | Mubarak Ali Khan | Mubarak Ali Khan | Mubarak Ali Khan | | | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | | | Niyaz & Fayyaz Ahmed Khan | Niyaz & Fayyaz Ahmed Khan | Niyaz & Fayyaz Ahmed Khan | Niyaz & Fayyaz Ahmed Khan | Niyaz & Fayyaz Ahmed Khan | Niyaz & Fayyaz Ahmed Khan | | | Noor Hasan Khan | Noor Hasan Khan | Noor Hasan Khan | Noor Hasan Khan | Noor Hasan Khan | Noor Hasan Khan | | | Sattar Khan | Sattar Khan | Sattar Khan | Sattar Khan | Sattar Khan | Sattar Khan | | | Babu Khan | Babu Khan | Babu Khan | Babu Khan | Babu Khan | Babu Khan |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | | | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | | | Shahana Ali Khan | Shahana Ali Khan | Shahana Ali Khan | Shahana Ali Khan | Shahana Ali Khan | Shahana Ali Khan | | | Riyaz Ahmed Khan | Riyaz Ahmed Khan | Riyaz Ahmed Khan | Riyaz Ahmed Khan | Riyaz Ahmed Khan | Riyaz Ahmed Khan | | | Sarfaraz Ahmed Khan | Sarfaraz Ahmed Khan | Sarfaraz Ahmed Khan | Sarfaraz Ahmed Khan | Sarfaraz Ahmed Khan | Sarfaraz Ahmed Khan |

## Lineage

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gopal Nayak | Gopal Nayak | Gopal Nayak | Gopal Nayak | Gopal Nayak | Gopal Nayak |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nayak Dhondu | Nayak Dhondu | | | Nayak Bhannu | Nayak Bhannu | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ghulam Ali | Ghulam Ali | | | Ghulam Maula | Ghulam Maula | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Utd. Bande Ali Khan | Utd. Bande Ali Khan | Utd. Bande Ali Khan | Utd. Bande Ali Khan | Utd. Bande Ali Khan | Utd. Bande Ali Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Utd. Eliahee Baksh Khan | Utd. Eliahee Baksh Khan | Utd. Eliahee Baksh Khan | Utd. Eliahee Baksh Khan | Utd. Eliahee Baksh Khan | Utd. Eliahee Baksh Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Utd. Abdullah Khan | Utd. Abdullah Khan | Utd. Abdullah Khan | Utd. Abdullah Khan | Utd. Abdullah Khan | Utd. Abdullah Khan | Utd. Kale Khan | Utd. Kale Khan | Utd. Kale Khan | Utd. Kale Khan | Utd. Kale Khan | Utd. Kale Khan | Utd. Nanhe Khan | Utd. Nanhe Khan | Utd. Nanhe Khan | Utd. Nanhe Khan | Utd. Nanhe Khan | Utd. Nanhe Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Utd. Majid Khan | Utd. Majid Khan | Utd. Majid Khan | Utd. Majid Khan | Utd. Majid Khan | Utd. Majid Khan | | | Utd. Abdul Habib Khan | Utd. Abdul Habib Khan | Utd. Abdul Habib Khan | Utd. Abdul Habib Khan | Utd. Abdul Habib Khan | Utd. Abdul Habib Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Utd. Abdul Karim Khan (founder) | Utd. Abdul Karim Khan (founder) | Utd. Abdul Karim Khan (founder) | Utd. Abdul Karim Khan (founder) | Utd. Abdul Karim Khan (founder) | Utd. Abdul Karim Khan (founder) | | | | | | | Utd. Abdul Haq Khan | Utd. Abdul Haq Khan | Utd. Abdul Haq Khan | Utd. Abdul Haq Khan | Utd. Abdul Haq Khan | Utd. Abdul Haq Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Utd. Abdul Wahid Khan | Utd. Abdul Wahid Khan | Utd. Abdul Wahid Khan | Utd. Abdul Wahid Khan | Utd. Abdul Wahid Khan | Utd. Abdul Wahid Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari | Pt. Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari | Pt. Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari | Pt. Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari | Pt. Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari | Pt. Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari | | | | | Pt. Sawai Gandharva | Pt. Sawai Gandharva | Pt. Sawai Gandharva | Pt. Sawai Gandharva | Pt. Sawai Gandharva | Pt. Sawai Gandharva | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Ganpatrao Gurav | Pt. Ganpatrao Gurav | Pt. Ganpatrao Gurav | Pt. Ganpatrao Gurav | Pt. Ganpatrao Gurav | Pt. Ganpatrao Gurav |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav | Pt. Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav | Pt. Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav | Pt. Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav | Pt. Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav | Pt. Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav | | | | | | | | Pt. Sureshbabu Mane | Pt. Sureshbabu Mane | Pt. Sureshbabu Mane | Pt. Sureshbabu Mane | Pt. Sureshbabu Mane | Pt. Sureshbabu Mane | Pt. Ganpatbuwa Behere | Pt. Ganpatbuwa Behere | Pt. Ganpatbuwa Behere | Pt. Ganpatbuwa Behere | Pt. Ganpatbuwa Behere | Pt. Ganpatbuwa Behere | | | Pt. Dasharathbuwa Muley | Pt. Dasharathbuwa Muley | Pt. Dasharathbuwa Muley | Pt. Dasharathbuwa Muley | Pt. Dasharathbuwa Muley | Pt. Dasharathbuwa Muley | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Smt. Hirabai Badodekar | Smt. Hirabai Badodekar | Smt. Hirabai Badodekar | Smt. Hirabai Badodekar | Smt. Hirabai Badodekar | Smt. Hirabai Badodekar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Shankarrao Sarnaik | Pt. Shankarrao Sarnaik | Pt. Shankarrao Sarnaik | Pt. Shankarrao Sarnaik | Pt. Shankarrao Sarnaik | Pt. Shankarrao Sarnaik | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | | | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | | | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | | | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | | | | | | | | | | | | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | | | | | | | | | | | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | | | | | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | Pran Nath | | | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | Begum Akhtar | | | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | Pt. Sukhdev Prasad | | | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | Utd. Shakoor Khan (sarangiya) | | | | | | | | | | | | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | Smt. Saraswati Rane | | | | | | | | | | | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | Master Krishnarao) | | | | | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | Smt. Gangubai Hangal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Utd. Hafizullah Khan | Utd. Hafizullah Khan | Utd. Hafizullah Khan | Utd. Hafizullah Khan | Utd. Hafizullah Khan | Utd. Hafizullah Khan | Mohammed Rafi (playback singer) | Mohammed Rafi (playback singer) | Mohammed Rafi (playback singer) | Mohammed Rafi (playback singer) | Mohammed Rafi (playback singer) | Mohammed Rafi (playback singer) | Pt. Ram Narayan (sarangiya) | Pt. Ram Narayan (sarangiya) | Pt. Ram Narayan (sarangiya) | Pt. Ram Narayan (sarangiya) | Pt. Ram Narayan (sarangiya) | Pt. Ram Narayan (sarangiya) | Pt. Baburao Jadhav | Pt. Baburao Jadhav | Pt. Baburao Jadhav | Pt. Baburao Jadhav | Pt. Baburao Jadhav | Pt. Baburao Jadhav | | | | | | | Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru | Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru | Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru | Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru | Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru | Pt. Basavaraj Rajguru | Firoz Dastur | Firoz Dastur | Firoz Dastur | Firoz Dastur | Firoz Dastur | Firoz Dastur | Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi | Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi | Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi | Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi | Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi | Bharat Ratna Pt. Bhimsen Joshi | Roshan Ara Begum | Roshan Ara Begum | Roshan Ara Begum | Roshan Ara Begum | Roshan Ara Begum | Roshan Ara Begum | Pt. Nivruttibuwa Sarnaik | Pt. Nivruttibuwa Sarnaik | Pt. Nivruttibuwa Sarnaik | Pt. Nivruttibuwa Sarnaik | Pt. Nivruttibuwa Sarnaik | Pt. Nivruttibuwa Sarnaik | Pt. Sangmeshwar Gurav | Pt. Sangmeshwar Gurav | Pt. Sangmeshwar Gurav | Pt. Sangmeshwar Gurav | Pt. Sangmeshwar Gurav | Pt. Sangmeshwar Gurav |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Rajaram Jadhav | Pt. Rajaram Jadhav | Pt. Rajaram Jadhav | Pt. Rajaram Jadhav | Pt. Rajaram Jadhav | Pt. Rajaram Jadhav | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Mani Prasad | Pt. Mani Prasad | Pt. Mani Prasad | Pt. Mani Prasad | Pt. Mani Prasad | | | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | Mashkoor Ali Khan | | | Smt. Shakuntalaraje Jadhav | Smt. Shakuntalaraje Jadhav | Smt. Shakuntalaraje Jadhav | Smt. Shakuntalaraje Jadhav | Smt. Shakuntalaraje Jadhav | | | | Dr. Prabha Atre | Dr. Prabha Atre | Dr. Prabha Atre | Dr. Prabha Atre | Dr. Prabha Atre | | | | | Pt. Chandrakant Kapileshwari | Pt. Chandrakant Kapileshwari | Pt. Chandrakant Kapileshwari | Pt. Chandrakant Kapileshwari | Pt. Chandrakant Kapileshwari | | | | | | | | | | | Smt. Krishna Hangal | Smt. Krishna Hangal | Smt. Krishna Hangal | Smt. Krishna Hangal | Smt. Krishna Hangal | | | Shrikant Deshpande | Shrikant Deshpande | Shrikant Deshpande | Shrikant Deshpande | Shrikant Deshpande | | | Pt. Madhav Gudi | Pt. Madhav Gudi | Pt. Madhav Gudi | Pt. Madhav Gudi | Pt. Madhav Gudi | | | Sripathi Padigar | Sripathi Padigar | Sripathi Padigar | Sripathi Padigar | Sripathi Padigar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Pandurang Jadhav | Pt. Pandurang Jadhav | Pt. Pandurang Jadhav | Pt. Pandurang Jadhav | Pt. Pandurang Jadhav | Pt. Pandurang Jadhav | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | | | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | | | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | | | | | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | | | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav |
| Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | Marian Zazeela | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | La Monte Young | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Terry Riley | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | Shabda Kahn | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | Smt. Pranati Mhatre | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | Pt. Parameshwar Hegde | | | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | Milind Chittal | | | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | Anand Bhate | | | | | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | Shrinivas Joshi | | | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Rajendra Kandalgaonkar | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | Pt. Kaivalya Kumar Gurav | | | | | | | | | | | | | Michael Harrison | Michael Harrison | Michael Harrison | Michael Harrison | Michael Harrison | Michael Harrison | | | | | | | Arati Thakur | Arati Thakur | Arati Thakur | Arati Thakur | Arati Thakur | Arati Thakur | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jung Hee Choi | Jung Hee Choi | Jung Hee Choi | Jung Hee Choi | Jung Hee Choi | Jung Hee Choi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nachiketa Yakkundi | Nachiketa Yakkundi | Nachiketa Yakkundi | Nachiketa Yakkundi | Nachiketa Yakkundi | Nachiketa Yakkundi | Srivani Jade | Srivani Jade | Srivani Jade | Srivani Jade | Srivani Jade | Srivani Jade | | | | | | | | | Pt. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar | Pt. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar | Pt. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar | Pt. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar | Pt. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar | Pt. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar | | | Prasanna Gudi | Prasanna Gudi | Prasanna Gudi | Prasanna Gudi | Prasanna Gudi | Prasanna Gudi | Jayateerth Mevundi | Jayateerth Mevundi | Jayateerth Mevundi | Jayateerth Mevundi | Jayateerth Mevundi | Jayateerth Mevundi | Balachandra Prabhu | Balachandra Prabhu | Balachandra Prabhu | Balachandra Prabhu | Balachandra Prabhu | Balachandra Prabhu | Vijaykumar Patil | Vijaykumar Patil | Vijaykumar Patil | Vijaykumar Patil | Vijaykumar Patil | Vijaykumar Patil | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Amjad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | Arshad Ali Khan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Omkarnath Havaldar | Omkarnath Havaldar | Omkarnath Havaldar | Omkarnath Havaldar | Omkarnath Havaldar | Omkarnath Havaldar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Exponents
### 19th century

* Sadiq Ali Khan, learned from Ghulam Taki Khan. Associated with Qawwal Bacchon ka Gharana.
* Bande Ali Khan (1826⁠–1896), learned from father Sadiq Ali Khan. Married daughter of Haddu Khan of Gwalior Gharana.

### 20th century

* Abdul Karim Khan (1872⁠–1937), gharana founder. Learned from father Kale Khan.
* Abdul Wahid Khan (1885⁠–1949), cousin of Abdul Karim Khan and gharana co-founder
* Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav (1885–1964), learned from Abdul Karim Khan.
* Sawai Gandharva (1886⁠–1952), learned from Abdul Karim Khan.
* Panchakshara Gawai (1892–1944), learned from Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Sukhdev Prasad (c. 1890s–c. 1960s), learned from Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari (1896–1982), learned from Abdul Karim Khan.
* Abdul Ghani Khan (c. 1900s–c. 1970s), learned from father Abdul Gafur Khan.
* Deenanath Mangeshkar (1900–1942), learned from Sukhdev Prasad.
* Sureshbabu Mane (1902⁠–1953), son of Abdul Karim Khan. Learned from father and Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Hirabai Barodekar (1905⁠–1989), daughter of Abdul Karim Khan. Learned from brother Sureshbabu Mane and Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Shakoor Khan (1905⁠–1970), sarangiya who learned from maternal uncle Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Amir Khan (1913–1974), influenced by ans possibly learned from Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Saraswati Rane (1913–2006), daughter of Abdul Karim Khan. Learned from siblings Sureshbabu Mane and Hirabai Badodekar.
* Gangubai Hangal (1913⁠–2009), learned from Sawai Gandharva.
* Puttaraj Gawai (1914–2010), learned from Panchakshara Gawai.
* Baburao Jadhav (1915–1976), learned from father Vishwanathbuwa jadhav.
* Basavaraj Rajguru (1917⁠–1991), learned from Panchakshara Gawai, Sureshbabu Mane, and Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Roshan Ara Begum (1917–1982), learned from uncle Abdul Karim Khan.
* Pandit Pran Nath (1918–1996), learned from Abdul Wahid Khan.
* Firoz Dastur (1919⁠–2008), learned from Sawai Gandharva.
* Manik Varma (1920⁠⁠–1996), learned from Sureshbabu Mane and Hirabai Barodekar.
* A. Kanan (1920–2004), learned from Girija Shankar Chakraborty.
* Usha Ranjan Mukherjee (1920⁠–1992), learned from Amir Khan.
* Pandit Krishnanand (1920–2003), learned from Bheema Rao.
* Vasantrao Deshpande (1920–1983), learned from Sureshbabu Mane and Hirabai Barodekar.
* Rajaram Jadhav (1921–1976), learned from father Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav.
* Bhimsen Joshi (1922–2011), learned from Sawai Gandharva
* Shakuntalaraje Jadhav (1923–2004), learned from husband Rajaram Jadhav and father-in-law Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav.
* Mani Prasad (1929⁠–2023), learned from father Sukhdev Prasad.
* Sheila Dhar (1929–2001), learned from Fayyaz Ahmed & Niyaz Ahmed Khan.
* Krishna Hangal (1929–2004), learned from mother Gangubai Hangal.
* Prabha Atre (1932⁠–2024), learned from Sureshbabu Mane and Hirabai Barodekar.
* Chandrakant Kapileshwari (1935–2024), learned from father Balkrishnabuwa Kapileshwari.
* Tej Bahadur Sahney (1936⁠–2012), learned from B. N. Dutta Lahorwale.
* Chhannulal Mishra (b. 1936), learned from Abdul Ghani Khan.
* Madhava Gudi (1941⁠–2011), learned from Bhimsen Joshi
* Shripati Padigar (c. 1940s–c. 2010s), learned from Bhimsen Joshi.
* Pandit Arun Bahaduri (1943–2018), learned from A. Kanan.
* Nagnath Wodeyar (b. 1944), learned from Gangubai Hangal.
* Niaz Ahmed (1946–2019), maternal descendant of Kirana Gharana.
* Shrikant Deshpande (1948–2011), grandson of Sawai Gandharva. Learned from Bhimsen Joshi.
* Ashique Ali Khan (1948⁠–1999), learned from grandfather Allah Rakkha Khan and father Mehfooz Ahmed Khan.
* Sumitra Guha (b. c. 1950s), learned from A. Kanan.
* Venkatesh Kumar (born 1953), learned from Puttaraj Gawai.
* Shree Rani Madalsa (b. 1957), learned from Chandrakant Kapileshwari.
* Pandit Vishwanath (b. 1957⁠), learned from Mani Prasad.
* Nagaraj Rao Havaldar (b. 1959), learned from Madhava Gudi
* Milind Chittal (b. 1959), learned from Firoz Dastur.
* Padmini Rao (b. c. 1950s), learned from Prabha Atre.
* Mashkoor Ali Khan (b. 1957), learned from father Shakoor Khan.
* Girish Sanzgiri (b. c. 1960s), learned from Firoz Dastur.
* Rafiq Ahmed Khan (Sarangi)
* Kaivalya Kumar Gurav (b. 1963), learned from father Sangameshwar Gurav.
* Pandit Harish Tiwari (b. 1960s), learned from Bhimsen Joshi.
* Jayateerth Mevundi (born 1972), learned from Shripathi Padigar.

### 21st Century

* Sanhita Nandi (b. 1970), learnt from Pandit A kanan and Ustad Mashkoor Ali khan.
* Anand Bhate (born 1971), learned from Bhimsen Joshi.
* Shirin Sengupta Nath (b. c. 1970s), learned from A.Kanan and Arun Bhaduri.
* Sandip Bhattacharjee (b. 1980), learned from Mashkoor Ali Khan and Mubarak Ali Khan.
* Amjad Ali Khan (Indian vocalist) (b. 1980), learned from uncles Mashkoor Ali Khan and Mubarak Ali Khan.
* Arshad Ali Khan (born 1984), learned from father Akhtar Nawaz Khan and uncles Mashkoor Ali Khan and Mubarak Ali Khan.
* Balachandra Prabhu (b. 1990s), learned from Shripathi Padigar and Jayateerth Mevundi.
* Mohd Danish (b. 1996), learned from grandfathers Afzal Khan and Irshad Ahmed Warsi.