# Bates County, Missouri

Bates County is a county located in the west central part of the U.S. state of Missouri, two counties south of the Missouri River and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,042. Its county seat is Butler. The county was organized in 1841 and named after Frederick Bates, the second Governor of Missouri.
This mostly rural county has an overwhelmingly ethnic European-American population, which has declined in number since the early 20th century as people have moved to cities.

## History

The borderlands of Kansas and Missouri were battlegrounds for insurgents during the American Civil War, with raids going back and forth across the border. Bates County is noted as the site for the first combat engagement during the war of African-American soldiers serving with the Union and against Confederate forces, which occurred on October 28–29, 1862. The First Kansas Colored Division (part of the state militia) fought Confederate guerrillas at the Battle of Island Mound four miles north of present-day Rich Hill, Missouri, and the Union forces won.
The Kansas soldiers were badly outnumbered but stood their ground, fighting valiantly. The skirmish was covered by The New York Times, which noted the men's bravery at a time when many people questioned whether former slaves could make good soldiers. Their heroic action preceded President Abraham Lincoln's announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863 and establishment of the United States Colored Troops.
Following a massacre of men and boys and the burning of Lawrence, Kansas, by Confederate bushwhackers in the summer of 1863, the United States General Ewing ordered the evacuation of the civilian population from rural areas of Bates and nearby counties except for within a mile of certain Union-controlled cities, in order to cut off sources of support for Confederate insurgents. This was done under Order No. 11. The county had been a base of Confederate guerrillas. But, Ewing's order generated outrage and added to support of guerrillas in some areas.
This mostly rural county continued to support agriculture in the decades after the Civil War. Since the early 20th century, population has declined as people have moved to cities for work.

## Legacy and honors

* A statue commemorating the Battle of Island Mound was installed on the north lawn of the county courthouse in Butler, seven miles from the skirmish site.
* The skirmish area has been preserved since 2012 as the Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site, and its historic prairie is being restored.
* The Battle of Island Mound (2014) is a short documentary film made in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources; it won two Emmy Awards in 2015 for historic documentary and cinematography.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 851 square miles (2,200 km$^2$), of which 837 square miles (2,170 km$^2$) is land and 15 square miles (39 km$^2$) (1.7%) is water.

### Adjacent counties

* Cass County (north)
* Henry County (northeast)
* St. Clair County (southeast)
* Vernon County (south)
* Linn County, Kansas (west)
* Miami County, Kansas (northwest)

### Major highways

* Interstate 49
* U.S. Route 71
* Route 18
* Route 52

### Transit

* Jefferson Lines

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 16,653 people, 6,511 households, and 4,557 families residing in the county. The population density was 20 people per square mile (7.7 people/km$^2$). There were 7,247 housing units at an average density of 8 units per square mile (3.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.33% White, 0.61% Black or African American, 0.59% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Approximately 1.07% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 6,511 households, out of which 32.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.80% were married couples living together, 7.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 26.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.50% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 22.60% from 45 to 64, and 17.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.50 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $30,731, and the median income for a family was $36,470. Males had a median income of $30,298 versus $19,772 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,477. About 11.50% of families and 14.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.30% of those under age 18 and 14.10% of those age 65 or over.

### Religion

According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Bates County is regarded as being a part of the Bible Belt, with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Bates County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (34.21%), United Methodists (15.78%), and Christian Churches and Churches of Christ (14.48%).

### 2020 Census

Bates County Racial Composition :
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| White (NH) | 14,799 | 92.3% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 155 | 1% |
| Native American (NH) | 92 | 0.6% |
| Asian (NH) | 48 | 0.3% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 9 | 0.06% |
| Other/Mixed (NH) | 604 | 3.81% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 335 | 2.1% |

## Education
### Public schools

* Adrian R-III School District – Adrian
** Adrian Elementary School (PK-05)
** Adrian High School (06-12)
* Ballard R-II School District – Butler
** Ballard Elementary School (PK-06)
** Ballard High School (07-12)
* Butler R-V School District – Butler
** Butler Elementary School (K-06)
** Butler High School (07-12)
* Hume R-VIII School District – Hume
** Hume Elementary School (PK-05)
** Hume High School (06-12)
* Miami R-I School District – Amoret
** Miami Elementary School (K-06)
** Miami High School (07-12)
* Rich Hill R-IV School District – Rich Hill
** Rich Hill Elementary School (K-05)
** Rich Hill High School (06-12)

### Private schools

* Zion Lutheran School – Rockville (02-09) – Lutheran

### Public libraries

* Butler Public Library
* Rich Hill Memorial Library

## Politics
### Local

Politics are divided at the local level in Bates County. Republicans hold a majority of the elected positions in the county.

### State

Past Gubernatorial Elections Results :
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third Parties |
| 2020 | 76.70% 6,410 | 21.08% 1,762 | 2.21% 185 |
| 2016 | 59.64% 4,772 | 37.36% 2,989 | 3.00% 240 |
| 2012 | 45.46% 3,513 | 51.40% 3,972 | 3.14% 243 |
| 2008 | 41.75% 3,431 | 55.43% 4,555 | 2.82% 232 |
| 2004 | 53.22% 4,479 | 45.09% 3,795 | 1.69% 142 |
| 2000 | 48.88% 3,783 | 49.02% 3,794 | 2.10% 162 |
| 1996 | 34.70% 2,483 | 63.33% 4,531 | 1.97% 141 |
| 1992 | 42.06% 3,204 | 57.94% 4,414 | 0.00% 0 |
Bates County is split between three legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives, all of which are held by Republicans.
* District 56 — Michael Davis (R-Kansas City). Consists of unincorporated areas in the northwestern quadrant of the county south of Drexel.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 56 — Bates County (2020) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Michael Davis | 244 | 71.98% | −28.02 |
| | Democratic | Neal Barnes | 95 | 28.02% | +28.02 |
Missouri House of Representatives — District 56 — Bates County (2018) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Jack Bondon | 200 | 100.00% | +25.33 |
* District 57 — Rodger Reedy (R-Windsor). Consists of unincorporated areas in the northern part of the county south of Archie and Creighton.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 57 — Bates County (2020) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Rodger Reedy | 438 | 100.00% | +29.83 |
Missouri House of Representatives — District 57 — Bates County (2018) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Rodger Reedy | 254 | 70.17% | −1.80 |
| | Democratic | Joan Shores | 108 | 29.83% | +1.80 |
* District 126 — Patricia Pike (R-Adrian). Consists of most of the entire county.
Missouri House of Representatives — District 126 — Bates County (2020) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Patricia Pike | 5,850 | 78.42% | +6.72 |
| | Democratic | Jim Hogan | 1,610 | 21.58% | −4.87 |
Missouri House of Representatives — District 126 — Bates County (2018) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Patricia Pike | 4,332 | 71.70% | −28.30 |
| Democratic | Jim Hogan | 1,598 | 26.45% | +26.45 |
| Constitution | Stephen Biles | 112 | 1.85% | +1.85 |
All of Bates County is a part of Missouri's 31st Senatorial District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Rick Brattin (R-Harrisonville).
Missouri Senate — District 31 — Bates County (2020) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Republican | Rick Brattin | 6.323 | 77.76% | +6.74 |
| | Democratic | Raymond Kinney | 1,808 | 22.24% | +22.24 |
Missouri Senate — District 31 — Bates County (2016) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Ed Emery | 5,373 | 71.02% | +9.57 |
| Independent | Tim Wells | 1,459 | 19.29% | |
| Libertarian | Lora Young | 733 | 9.69% | +9.69 |

### Federal

All of Bates County is included in Missouri's 4th Congressional District and as of 2022 was represented by Vicky Hartzler (R-Harrisonville) in the U.S. House of Representatives. Hartzler was elected to a sixth term in 2020 over Democratic challenger Lindsey Simmons.
U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri's 4th Congressional District — Bates County (2020) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Vicky Hartzler | '6,539 | 78.88% | +5.43 |
| Democratic | Lindsey Simmons | 1,556 | 18.77% | −5.11 |
| Libertarian | Steven K. Koonse | 195 | 2.35% | −0.32 |
U.S. House of Representatives — Missouri’s 4th Congressional District — Bates County (2018) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Vicky Hartzler | 4,893 | 73.45% | −0.24 |
| Democratic | Renee Hoagenson | 1,591 | 23.88% | +1.83 |
| Libertarian | Mark Bliss | 178 | 2.67% | −1.59 |
Bates County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U.S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R-Columbia) and Roy Blunt (R-Strafford).
U.S. Senate – Class I – Bates County (2018) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Josh Hawley | 4,467 | 66.82% | +23.37 |
| Democratic | Claire McCaskill | 1,906 | 28.51% | −19.76 |
| Independent | Craig O'Dear | 183 | 2.74% | |
| Libertarian | Japheth Campbell | 89 | 1.33% | −6.95 |
| Green | Jo Crain | 40 | 0.60% | +0.60 |
Blunt was elected to a second term in 2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander.
U.S. Senate — Class III — Bates County (2016) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Republican | Roy Blunt | 4,630 | 58.06% | +14.61 |
| Democratic | Jason Kander | 2,866 | 35.94% | −12.33 |
| Libertarian | Jonathan Dine | 259 | 3.25% | −5.02 |
| Green | Johnathan McFarland | 126 | 1.58% | +1.58 |
| Constitution | Fred Ryman | 94 | 1.18% | +1.18 |

#### Political culture

United States presidential election results for Bates County, Missouri :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 6,702 | 80.17% | 1,563 | 18.70% | 95 | 1.14% |
| 2020 | 6,597 | 78.18% | 1,672 | 19.82% | 169 | 2.00% |
| 2016 | 6,001 | 74.24% | 1,618 | 20.02% | 464 | 5.74% |
| 2012 | 5,020 | 64.60% | 2,557 | 32.90% | 194 | 2.50% |
| 2008 | 4,833 | 58.35% | 3,271 | 39.49% | 179 | 2.16% |
| 2004 | 5,004 | 59.11% | 3,398 | 40.14% | 64 | 0.76% |
| 2000 | 4,245 | 54.48% | 3,386 | 43.45% | 161 | 2.07% |
| 1996 | 2,904 | 40.69% | 3,224 | 45.17% | 1,009 | 14.14% |
| 1992 | 2,499 | 32.33% | 2,993 | 38.72% | 2,238 | 28.95% |
| 1988 | 3,574 | 51.57% | 3,332 | 48.08% | 24 | 0.35% |
| 1984 | 4,223 | 59.38% | 2,889 | 40.62% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 4,061 | 54.00% | 3,297 | 43.84% | 163 | 2.17% |
| 1976 | 3,350 | 43.60% | 4,288 | 55.80% | 46 | 0.60% |
| 1972 | 5,314 | 63.76% | 3,020 | 36.24% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 4,087 | 49.49% | 3,370 | 40.81% | 801 | 9.70% |
| 1964 | 3,514 | 40.50% | 5,162 | 59.50% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 5,429 | 58.16% | 3,906 | 41.84% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 5,467 | 55.97% | 4,300 | 44.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 6,002 | 60.03% | 3,995 | 39.95% | 2 | 0.02% |
| 1948 | 4,156 | 48.71% | 4,371 | 51.22% | 6 | 0.07% |
| 1944 | 5,122 | 55.46% | 4,096 | 44.35% | 18 | 0.19% |
| 1940 | 5,727 | 53.33% | 4,978 | 46.36% | 33 | 0.31% |
| 1936 | 5,022 | 46.60% | 5,681 | 52.71% | 74 | 0.69% |
| 1932 | 3,395 | 35.02% | 6,220 | 64.16% | 79 | 0.81% |
| 1928 | 6,133 | 62.70% | 3,594 | 36.74% | 54 | 0.55% |
| 1924 | 4,552 | 47.11% | 4,722 | 48.87% | 389 | 4.03% |
| 1920 | 5,039 | 51.91% | 4,433 | 45.66% | 236 | 2.43% |
| 1916 | 2,597 | 42.88% | 3,255 | 53.75% | 204 | 3.37% |
| 1912 | 1,383 | 22.95% | 3,057 | 50.72% | 1,587 | 26.33% |
| 1908 | 2,754 | 44.07% | 3,248 | 51.98% | 247 | 3.95% |
| 1904 | 2,956 | 47.11% | 2,967 | 47.28% | 352 | 5.61% |
| 1900 | 2,731 | 39.26% | 3,591 | 51.62% | 634 | 9.11% |
| 1896 | 2,522 | 32.63% | 5,073 | 65.64% | 133 | 1.72% |
| 1892 | 1,928 | 27.65% | 3,007 | 43.12% | 2,039 | 29.24% |
| 1888 | 2,674 | 38.07% | 3,556 | 50.63% | 794 | 11.30% |
At the presidential level, Bates County has become solidly Republican in recent years. Bates County strongly favored Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020. Bill Clinton was the last Democratic presidential nominee to carry Bates County in 1996 with a plurality of the vote, and a Democrat hasn't won majority support from the county's voters in a presidential election since Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Like most rural areas throughout Missouri, voters in Bates County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings, at least on the state and national levels. Despite Bates County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county have a penchant for advancing populist causes. In 2018, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition A) concerning right to work, the outcome of which ultimately reversed the right to work legislation passed in the state the previous year. 75.43% of Bates County voters cast their ballots to overturn the law.

### Missouri presidential preference primaries
#### 2020

The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On the Democratic side, former Vice President Joe Biden (D-Delaware) both won statewide and carried Bates County by a wide margin. Biden went on to defeat President Donald Trump in the general election.
Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Bates County (2020) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Joe Biden | 602 | 63.77 |
| Democratic | Bernie Sanders | 273 | 28.92 |
| Democratic | Tulsi Gabbard | 18 | 1.91 |
| Democratic | Others/Uncommitted | 51 | 5.40 |
Incumbent President Donald Trump (R-Florida) faced a primary challenge from former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld, but won both Bates County and statewide by overwhelming margins.
Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Bates County (2020) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Donald Trump | 947 | 97.83 |
| Republican | Bill Weld | 2 | 0.21 |
| Republican | Others/Uncommitted | 19 | 1.96 |

#### 2016

The 2016 presidential primaries for both the Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. Businessman Donald Trump (R-New York) narrowly won the state overall and carried a plurality of the vote in Bates County. He went on to win the presidency.
Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Bates County (2016) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Donald Trump | 1,306 | 46.04 |
| Republican | Ted Cruz | 1,080 | 38.07 |
| Republican | John Kasich | 199 | 7.01 |
| Republican | Marco Rubio | 143 | 5.04 |
| Republican | Others/Uncommitted | 109 | 3.84 |
On the Democratic side, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D-New York) narrowly won statewide, but Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) won a majority of the vote in Bates County.
Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Bates County (2016) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Bernie Sanders | 632 | 53.12 |
| Democratic | Hillary Clinton | 518 | 43.53 |
| Democratic | Others/Uncommitted | 40 | 3.36 |

#### 2012

The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on the state's national convention delegates. Voters in Bates County supported former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R-Pennsylvania), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to former Governor Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts). Delegates to the congressional district and state conventions were chosen at a county caucus, which selected a delegation favoring Santorum. Incumbent President Barack Obama easily won the Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election.

#### 2008

In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, with Senator John McCain (R-Arizona) prevailing and eventually winning the nomination.
Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Bates County (2008) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | John McCain | 594 | 37.71 |
| Republican | Mike Huckabee | 503 | 31.94 |
| Republican | Mitt Romney | 368 | 23.37 |
| Republican | Ron Paul | 71 | 4.51 |
| Republican | Others/Uncommitted | 39 | 2.48 |
Then-Senator Hillary Clinton (D-New York) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Bates County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports that Clinton had won Missouri, Barack Obama (D-Illinois), also a Senator at the time, narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win the presidency.
Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Bates County (2008) :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Hillary Clinton | 1,427 | 63.51 |
| Democratic | Barack Obama | 676 | 30.08 |
| Democratic | Others/Uncommitted | 144 | 6.41 |

## Communities
### Cities

* Adrian
* Amoret
* Amsterdam
* Butler (county seat)
* Drexel
* Rich Hill
* Rockville
* Hume

### Villages

* Foster
* Merwin
* Passaic

### Unincorporated communities

* Altona
* Ballard
* Burdett
* Crescent Hill
* Hudson
* Johnstown
* Mayesburg
* New Home
* Nyhart
* Papinville
* Pleasant Gap
* Prairie City
* Sprague
* Spruce
* Virginia
* Worland

### Townships

Bates County is divided into 24 townships:
* Charlotte
* Deepwater
* Deer Creek
* East Boone
* Elkhart
* Grand River
* Homer
* Howard
* Hudson
* Lone Oak
* Mingo
* Mound
* Mount Pleasant
* New Home
* Osage
* Pleasant Gap
* Prairie
* Rockville
* Shawnee
* Spruce
* Summit
* Walnut
* West Boone
* West Point

## Notable people

* Robert Heinlein, science fiction author who was born and lived in Butler, mentioned the town and county in his short story "Requiem" and the novel To Sail Beyond the Sunset
* Howard Maple, professional athlete in American football and baseball
* Charles O'Rear, photographer and author best known for his photo Bliss, the default wallpaper of Windows XP
* Stan Wall, former Major League Baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers
* Warren Welliver, Missouri Supreme Court Justice (1979–1989)