# Joint Photographic Experts Group

The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is the joint committee between ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 and ITU-T Study Group 16 that created and maintains the JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XT, JPEG XS, JPEG XL, and related digital image standards. It also has the responsibility for maintenance of the JBIG and JBIG2 standards that were developed by the former Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group.
Within ISO/IEC JTC 1, JPEG is Working Group 1 (WG 1) of Subcommittee 29 (SC 29) and has the formal title JPEG Coding of digital representations of images, where it is one of eight working groups in SC 29. In the ITU-T (formerly called the CCITT), its work falls in the domain of the ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG), which is Question 6 of Study Group 16.
JPEG has typically held meetings three or four times annually in North America, Asia and Europe. The chairman of JPEG (termed its Convenor in ISO/IEC terminology) is Prof. Touradj Ebrahimi of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, who previously had led JPEG 2000 development within the JPEG committee and also had a leading role in MPEG-4 standardization.

## History

In April 1983, ISO started to work to add photo quality graphics to text terminals. In the mid-1980s, both the CCITT (now ITU-T) and ISO had standardization groups for image coding: CCITT Study Group VIII (SG8) – Telematic Services and ISO TC97 SC2 WG8 – Coding of Audio and Picture Information. They were historically targeted on image communication. The JPEG committee was created in 1986 and the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Bi-level Image Group (JBIG) was created in 1988.
Former chairs of JPEG include Greg Wallace of Digital Equipment Corporation and Daniel Lee of Yahoo. Fumitaka Ono of Tokyo Polytechnic University was chair of the former JBIG group that has since been merged into JPEG.

## Standards published and under development

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is Working Group 1 of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, titled JPEG Coding of digital representations of images (working as a joint team with ITU-T SG 16). It has developed various standards, which have been published by ITU-T and/or ISO/IEC. The standards developed by the JPEG (and former JBIG) sub-groups are referred to as a joint development of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 and ITU-T SG16. The JPEG standards typically consist of different Parts in ISO/IEC terminology. Each Part is a separate document that covers a certain aspect of a suite of standards that share a project number, and the Parts can be adopted separately as individual standards or used together. For the JPEG standards that are published jointly with ITU-T, each ISO/IEC Part corresponds to a separate ITU-T Recommendation (i.e., a separate standard). Once published, JPEG standards have also often been revised by later amendments and/or new editions – e.g., to add optional extended capabilities or improve the editorial quality of the specifications. Standards developed and under development by JPEG are shown in the table below.
Joint Photographic Experts Group – standards published and under development :
| Common name | Part | First edition | ISO/IEC number | ITU number | Formal title |
| JPEG | Part 1 | 1992 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 | ITU-T Rec. T.81 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Requirements and guidelines |
| JPEG | Part 2 | 1994 | ISO/IEC 10918-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.83 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Compliance testing |
| JPEG | Part 3 | 1996 | ISO/IEC 10918-3 | ITU-T Rec. T.84 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions |
| JPEG | Part 4 | 1998 | ISO/IEC 10918-4 | ITU-T Rec. T.86 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT) |
| JPEG | Part 5 | 2013 | ISO/IEC 10918-5 | ITU-T Rec. T.871 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) |
| JPEG | Part 6 | 2013 | ISO/IEC 10918-6 | ITU-T Rec. T.872 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Application to printing systems |
| JPEG | Part 7 | 2019 | ISO/IEC 10918-7 | ITU-T Rec. T.873 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Reference software |
| JPEG-LS | Part 1 | 1998 | ISO/IEC 14495-1 | ITU-T Rec. T.87 | Information technology – Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Baseline |
| JPEG-LS | Part 2 | 2002 | ISO/IEC 14495-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.870 | Information technology – Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 1 | 2000 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 | ITU-T Rec. T.800 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Core coding system |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 2 | 2004 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.801 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 3 | 2002 | ISO/IEC 15444-3 | ITU-T Rec. T.802 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Motion JPEG 2000 |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 4 | 2002 | ISO/IEC 15444-4 | ITU-T Rec. T.803 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Conformance testing |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 5 | 2003 | ISO/IEC 15444-5 | ITU-T Rec. T.804 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Reference software |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 6 | 2003 | ISO/IEC 15444-6 | ITU-T Rec. T.805 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Compound image file format |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 8 | 2007 | ISO/IEC 15444-8 | ITU-T Rec. T.807 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Secure JPEG 2000 |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 9 | 2005 | ISO/IEC 15444-9 | ITU-T Rec. T.808 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 10 | 2008 | ISO/IEC 15444-10 | ITU-T Rec. T.809 | Information technology –JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 11 | 2007 | ISO/IEC 15444-11 | ITU-T Rec. T.810 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Wireless |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 12 | 2004 | ISO/IEC 15444-12 | | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Part 12: ISO base media file format |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 13 | 2008 | ISO/IEC 15444-13 | ITU-T Rec. T.812 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: An entry-level JPEG 2000 encoder |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 14 | 2013 | ISO/IEC 15444-14 | ITU-T Rec. T.813 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: XML structural representation and reference |
| MRC | | 1999 | ISO/IEC 16485 | ITU-T Rec. T.44 | Information technology – Mixed Raster Content (MRC) |
| JPSearch | Part 1 | 2007 | ISO/IEC TR 24800-1 | | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 1: System framework and components |
| JPSearch | Part 2 | 2011 | ISO/IEC 24800-2 | | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 2: Registration, identification and management of schema and ontology |
| JPSearch | Part 3 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 24800-3 | | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 3: Query format |
| JPSearch | Part 4 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 24800-4 | | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 4: File format for metadata embedded in image data (JPEG and JPEG 2000) |
| JPSearch | Part 5 | 2011 | ISO/IEC 24800-5 | | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 5: Data interchange format between image repositories |
| JPSearch | Part 6 | 2012 | ISO/IEC 24800-6 | | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 6: Reference software |
| JPEG XR | Part 1 | 2011 | ISO/IEC TR 29199-1 | T.Sup2 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 1: System architecture |
| JPEG XR | Part 2 | 2009 | ISO/IEC 29199-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.832 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 2: Image coding specification |
| JPEG XR | Part 3 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 29199-3 | ITU-T Rec. T.833 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 3: Motion JPEG XR |
| JPEG XR | Part 4 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 29199-4 | ITU-T Rec. T.834 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 4: Conformance testing |
| JPEG XR | Part 5 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 29199-5 | ITU-T Rec. T.835 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 5: Reference software |
| AIC | Part 1 | 2017 | ISO/IEC TR 29170-1 | | Information technology – Advanced image coding and evaluation methodologies – Part 1: Guidelines for codec evaluation |
| AIC | Part 2 | 2015 | ISO/IEC 29170-2 | | Information technology – Advanced image coding and evaluation – Part 2: Evaluation procedure for nearly lossless coding |
| JPEG XT | Part 1 | 2015 | ISO/IEC 18477-1 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 1: Core Coding System Specification |
| JPEG XT | Part 2 | 2016 | ISO/IEC 18477-2 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 2: Coding of High Dynamic Range Images |
| JPEG XT | Part 3 | 2015 | ISO/IEC 18477-3 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 3: Box file format |
| JPEG XT | Part 4 | 2017 | ISO/IEC 18477-4 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 4: Conformance Testing |
| JPEG XT | Part 5 | 2018 | ISO/IEC 18477-5 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 5: Reference software |
| JPEG XT | Part 6 | 2016 | ISO/IEC 18477-6 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 6: IDR Integer coding |
| JPEG XT | Part 7 | 2017 | ISO/IEC 18477-7 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 7: HDR Floating-Point Coding |
| JPEG XT | Part 8 | 2016 | ISO/IEC 18477-8 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 8: Lossless and Near-lossless Coding |
| JPEG XT | Part 9 | 2016 | ISO/IEC 18477-9 | | Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 9: Alpha channel coding |
| JPEG XS | Part 1 | 2019 | ISO/IEC 21122-1 | | Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 1: Core coding system |
| JPEG XS | Part 2 | 2019 | ISO/IEC 21122-2 | | Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 2: Profiles and buffer models |
| JPEG XS | Part 3 | 2019 | ISO/IEC 21122-3 | | Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 3: Transport and container formats |
| JPEG XS | Part 4 | 2020 | ISO/IEC 21122-4 | | Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 4: Conformance testing |
| JPEG XS | Part 5 | 2020 | ISO/IEC 21122-5 | | Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 5: Reference software |
| JPEG XL | Part 1 | 2022 | ISO/IEC 18181-1 | | Information technology – JPEG XL Image Coding System – Part 1: Core coding system |
| JPEG XL | Part 2 | 2021 | ISO/IEC 18181-2 | | Information technology – JPEG XL Image Coding System – Part 2: File format |
| JPEG XL | Part 3 | 2022 | ISO/IEC 18181-3 | | Information technology – JPEG XL Image Coding System – Part 3: Conformance testing |
| JPEG XL | Part 4 | 2022 | ISO/IEC 18181-4 | | Information technology — JPEG XL Image Coding System — Part 4: Reference software |
| JPEG Pleno | Part 1 | 2020 | ISO/IEC 21794-1 | | Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 1: Framework |
| JPEG Pleno | Part 2 | 2021 | ISO/IEC 21794-2 | | Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 2: Light field coding |
| JPEG Pleno | Part 3 | 2021 | ISO/IEC 21794-3 | | Information technology — Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 3: Conformance testing |
| JPEG Pleno | Part 4 | 2022 | ISO/IEC 21794-4 | | Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 4: Reference software |
| JPEG Pleno | Part 5 | 2024 | ISO/IEC 21794-5 | | Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 5: Holography |
| JPEG Pleno | Part 6 | Under development | ISO/IEC DIS 21794-6 | | Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 6: Learning-based point cloud coding |
| JPEG AI | Part 1 | Under development | ISO/IEC DIS 6048-1 | | Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 1: Core coding system |
| JPEG AI | Part 2 | Under development | ISO/IEC CD 6048-2 | | Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 2: Profiling |
| JPEG AI | Part 3 | Under development | ISO/IEC CD 6048-3 | | Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 3: Reference software |
| JPEG AI | Part 4 | Under development | ISO/IEC CD 6048-4 | | Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 4: Conformance |
| JPEG AI | Part 5 | Under development | ISO/IEC CD 6048-5 | | Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 5: File Format |
| JPEG Trust | Part 1 | Under development | ISO/IEC PRF 21617-1 | | Information technology – JPEG Trust – Part 1: Core foundation |
| JPEG Trust | Part 2 | Under development | ISO/IEC AWI 21617-2 | | Information technology – JPEG Trust – Part 2: Trust profiles catalogue |
| JPEG Trust | Part 3 | Under development | ISO/IEC AWI 21617-3 | | Information technology – JPEG Trust – Part 3: Media asset watermarking |