OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lowell City Airport

Lowell City Airport (FAA LID: 24C) is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile (2 km) north of the central business district of Lowell, a city in Kent County, Michigan, United States.

## Facilities and aircraft

Lowell City Airport covers an area of 72 acres (29 ha). It has three runways: one asphalt paved runway, designated as runway 12/30 and measuring 2,394 x 48 ft (730 x 15 m), as well as two turf runways, 6/24 measuring 2,700 x 100 ft (823 x 30 m) and 15/33 measuring 1,940 x 100 ft (591 x 30 m).
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2020, the airport had 2500 operations, an average of 48 operations per week. At that time there were 31 aircraft based at this airport: 29 single-engine airplanes and 2 ultralights.
Fixed-base operations are provided by Midwest Aviation Services. Fuel is available, as is maintenance.

## Incidents and accidents

* On August 24, 2014, at about 11:30 AM, a man trying out a newly bought experimental plane was spotted erratically taxiing down runway 6. After taking off, the pilot flew around the airport for about five minutes before going in to land. The approach was noted to be too steep and too fast. The plane eventually reached a "good speed" 1,000 feet down the runway and leveled off before descending further at a high angle. The plane bounced and then exited the runway, stopping in some shrubbery. The pilot, despite being told not to, got the airplane back on the runway and did a 180 to align with the runway. The pilot applied full throttle and the plane abruptly turned right, veering off the runway. The airplane continued going perpendicular to the runway. It was angled at a very high attack rate and rolled to the right. The plane crashed into trees 100 yards South of the departure runway. The cause was determined to be pilot error. The pilot was killed in the crash.
* On January 19, 2015, a student pilot attempting a solo landing in a Cessna 172 Skyhawk clipped pine trees short of the runway. The aircraft crashed on the driveway of a private residence, coming extremely close to the house. The pilot was able to get out of the plane and go to the house for help, where he was sent to the hospital. The student pilot made a full recovery.
# Pyotr Lebedev

Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev (Russian: Пётр Никола́евич Ле́бедев; 24 February 1866 – 1 March 1912) was a Russian physicist. His name was also transliterated as Peter Lebedew and Peter Lebedev. Lebedev was the creator of the first scientific school in Russia.

## Career

Lebedev made his doctoral degree in Strasbourg under the supervision of August Kundt in 1887–1891. In 1891, he started working in Moscow State University in the group of Alexander Stoletov. There he made his famous experimental studies of electromagnetic waves.
Along with Indian physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose he was one of the first to investigate millimeter waves, generating 50 GHz (6 mm) microwaves beginning in 1895 with a spark oscillator made of two platinum cylinders 1.5 cm long and 0.5 diameter immersed in kerosene at the focus of a parabolic reflector, and detecting the waves with an iron-constantan thermocouple detector.
With this apparatus, he extended the work of Heinrich Hertz to higher frequencies, duplicating classical optics experiments using quasioptical components such as lenses, prisms and quarter-wave plates made of sulfur and wire diffraction gratings to demonstrate refraction, diffraction, double refraction, birefringence and polarization of millimeter waves.
He was the first to measure the pressure of light on a solid body in 1899. The discovery was announced at the International Congress of Physics during Paris Exposition Universelle, and became the first quantitative confirmation of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism.
An English translation of the paper as well as a historical review is in.
In 1909, he reported that the pressure of light on gas is in agreement with predictions based on Maxwell's theory.

## Later life

In 1901, he became a professor at Moscow State University, however, he quit the University in 1911, protesting against the politics of the Ministry of Education. In the same year, he received an invitation to become a professor in Stockholm, which he rejected. He died the next year of a hereditary heart condition.

## Legacy

The Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow and the lunar crater Lebedev are named after him.
# Keri-anne Payne

Keri-Anne Payne (born 9 December 1987), is a South African-born British swimmer, specialising in marathon open water swimming, and long-distance freestyle swimming in the pool. She is a two-time 10-kilometre open water world champion, and an Olympic silver medallist.

## Swimming career

Payne was born on 9 December 1987 in Johannesburg, South Africa, to British parents, who registered her birth at the British Consulate. She started swimming aged 4, and was noticed aged 8 by British Swimming's national performance director Bill Sweetenham at a training camp in South Africa. As a result, the family returned to the UK to live in Heywood, Greater Manchester, when she was 13.
Payne attended Cardinal Langley Roman Catholic High School. Joining Stockport Metro, she has been coached since by Sean Kelly. Having broken the British junior 800-metre freestyle record in 2002, Payne's central financial support was cut after she failed to win a medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. As a result, Kelly suggested that she try open water swimming, allowing her to access additional central funding.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, she competed in the 200-metre individual medley and 400-metre individual medley swimming events, as well as the 10-kilometre open water event, in which she placed second and won a silver medal.
At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, held in Rome, Payne won the 10-kilometre open water event. She finished first in a time of two hours, one minute and 37.1 seconds.
In 2011 in Shanghai, Payne reclaimed the World Championship in the 10 km open water event, becoming in the process the first British athlete in any sport to confirm qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics. She took part in the 10-kilometre open water event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, and finished fourth, four seconds behind the winner.
Payne trained at British Swimming's Intensive Training Centre at Stockport's Grand Central Pools. Keri-anne then relocated to Edinburgh, where Payne joined Warrender Baths Club.
In 2014, she won the LEN European Open Water Swimming Cup Super Final in Castellabate, Italy.
In January 2017 Payne announced her retirement from competitive swimming
Starting in January 2018, Payne will be co-presenting The Wave on UKTV channel W.
# Digital Photo Professional

Digital Photo Professional (DPP) is the software that Canon ships with its digital SLR (and some of its compacts, e.g. the Canon PowerShot S90) cameras for editing and asset management of its Canon raw (.CR2) files. It can also work with the older .CRW format of selected models, and also JPEGs and TIFFs from any source. The full version ships on a CD with the camera, and updates can be downloaded from Canon's website. Even though officially DPP only supports Windows and Mac operating systems, it is possible to run DPP on Linux systems by using Wine.

## Editing tools

Basic editing tools in DPP include brightness, white balance and picture style adjustment and the adjustments for contrast, saturation and sharpness. There is also a noise reduction tool which has separate settings for luminance and chrominance noise. Lens aberration tool can be used for correcting the effects of physical lens imperfections like peripheral illumination, distortion and chromatic aberration. Aberration tool only works with RAW files that were taken with compatible cameras and lenses.
# A.J. Smith (artist)

A.J. Smith (born 1952) is an American printmaker, artist, and professor at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. Smith's primary media are graphite pencil and printmaking. He is known for his large scale graphite portraits.

## Early life and education

Smith was born in Jonestown, Mississippi. received a BFA in painting and printmaking from Kansas City Art Institute and an MFA in painting and printmaking from Queens College, City University of New York.

## Personal life

A.J. Smith is married to Marjorie Williams-Smith.
# Batchelder House (Pasadena, California)

The Batchelder House is a historic home built in 1910 and located at 626 South Arroyo Boulevard in Pasadena, California. An important center of Pasadena cultural life in its day, the home was designed and built by Ernest A. Batchelder, a prominent leader of the Arts and Crafts Movement, and his wife, Alice Coleman, an accomplished musician. The house, a large bungalow, has a "woodsy" design with elements of a Swiss chalet style. Batchelder's first craft shop was located in the structure, where decorative tiles were made for Greene and Greene, the Heineman Brothers, and other noted local architects of the era. Coleman also used the house's backyard stage to host chamber music concerts.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 14, 1978. It is part of the Lower Arroyo Seco Historic District.

## Gallery

* detail of chimney
* detail of front walkway
# Jupiter Ridge Natural Area

Jupiter Ridge Natural Area is a 271-acre (110 ha) area of protected land in Jupiter, Florida, in Palm Beach County. It is located at 1800 South U.S. Highway 1. Habitats include Florida scrub, depression marsh, tidal swamp, and flatwoods.
The site has a 2.5 mile double loop trail system. One of the earliest natural areas established in densely populated Palm Beach County in 1993, it is bisected by the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, ancient dunes topped with scrub habitat.
The last known breeding pair of Scrub-Jays in Palm Beach County was sighted at Jupiter Ridge Natural Area in 2016. Only one Scrub-Jay was sighted there in 2017 and none were found in 2018 despite repeated searches.
# Jackass Presents: Mat Hoffman's Tribute to Evel Knievel

Jackass Presents: Mat Hoffman's Tribute to Evel Knievel is a 2008 direct-to-DVD comedy film and the first Jackass Presents film in the Jackass franchise. It was released on May 27, 2008. The film is a tribute to the stuntman Evel Knievel, who died on November 30, 2007, one year before the film's release. Jackass Presents: Mat Hoffman's Tribute to Evel Knievel was succeeded by Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa.

## Reception

A review stated that: "Along with a showing of sheer stupidity involving an airplane, a skydiver, and the significant lack of a parachute, the rest of this outing brings new meaning to the words 'daring', 'determination' and just plain 'dumb'." Another review was more negative about the general production: "Unfortunately for the latest "Jackass" DVD release, Mat Hoffman's Tribute to Evel Knievel, that formula has been abandoned for a tedious, interview-heavy production that is more of a testament to the stunt performers' egos than a tribute to godfather Knievel."
The Oklahoma Gazette noted that "The show culminates in Knoxville's accident in which a motorcycle lands on his crotch and tears his urethra.", a scene that also caught the attention of a review on Bmxultra.com while a review on the website GameVortex states: 'While this DVD doesn't feel like your typical Jackass production (mainly the inclusion of actual professionals), it is full of stunts to pique any Jackass fan's interest and as a tribute to Knievel, it definitely follows in his footsteps, because as they say several times in this video, "You're never a failure at life as long as you try and get back up."'
# Bates House (Bedford, Kentucky)

The Bates House in Trimble County, Kentucky near Bedford was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
It is a one-and-a-half-story brick Federal-style house, with Flemish bond on its front facade and common bond elsewhere. It was deemed notable as " one of the outstanding examples of the federal style in Trimble County. As one of three federal style hall-parlor dwellings included in the Historic Resources of Trimble County, the Bates House, the Bird House and Tm-55 represent the best illustrations of this particular style in Trimble County. The dwelling is historically significant in the early development of the county, and a significant cultural resource. Although in a neglected state today, the Bates House displays excellent craftsmanship and design, and reflects admirable architectural qualities of the Federal style as is evident by the flemish bond facade, period embellishments of the exterior facade bays and outstanding interior detailing."
# 1882 Grinnell tornado

On June 18, 1882, one of the deadliest tornadoes in Iowa history moved through several communities north of Des Moines, Iowa, notably Grinnell and Malcolm, killing 68 people and injuring an estimated 300 more. The tornado produced F5-rated damage along a track spanning over 100 miles. Later estimates suggest that more than 100 people may have been killed by the tornado.

## Tornado summary

Shortly before the tornado, it was noted that "the northern sky was hung with conical, downard-pointing clouds, the like of which none of us had ever seen." The tornado touched down at night, moving to the west. Witnesses stated that the tornadic storm was accompanied by heavy rain and loud thunder. The tornado damaged buildings and foliage after touching down. Lightning was also produced by the storm as it continued to move to the west; a June 1882 publication of The Republican described that the tornado moved at exceptionally fast speeds, producing heavy damage but not damaging one place for more than a few minutes at a time. The publication also noted that the tornado remained relatively narrow along its track, despite producing exceptionally intense damage to areas it impacted directly.
The tornado was visible as it swiftly approached the town of Grinnell; the Grinnell College noted that "two tornadoes formed, one from the southwest and one from the north", indicating a possible twin tornado that accompanied the main tornado that was bearing down on Grinnell. The tornado killed 39 people in Grinnell, leveling dozens of homes and destroying the college campus located in the town. Along with the 39 people killed in Grinnell, the tornado killed a further ten people in the Rippey area, seven in Jasper County and ten more in Malcom.

## Aftermath

Following the event, Josiah Grinnell, founder of the town of Grinnell, helped to raise money to aid with recovery efforts. The Grinnell College counted total monetary losses from the tornado to be approximately $80,000 (1882 USD); the college's insurance policy over covered around $10,000 of that amount. After the tornado was mentioned in a publication of Harper's Weekly, donations from the public were sent to Grinnell from around the United States. In 1889, Grinnell College's yearbook was named The Cyclone, a reference to the tornado. Along with over 500 photographs that were taken by members of the public and photographers, several photos of damage from the tornado were also moved into the Library of Congress.
# Battle of Dutton's Hill Monument

The Battle of Dutton's Hill Monument in Pulaski County, Kentucky, near Somerset, Kentucky, commemorates the Confederate soldiers who died at the battle of Dutton's Hill in 1863.
Today the battlefield of Dutton's Hill is on private property. It is located about a mile from the intersection of highways 39 and 80. A historical marker is at the entrance to four homes, which are at the forefront of the hill. On July 17, 1997, the Battle of Dutton's Hill Monument was one of sixty-one different monuments related to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission. The 6' 2" marble obelisk marks a mass grave of Confederate casualties from the campaign, their names lost to history for 159 years.
The inscription on the memorial has been damaged and is barely legible today. The inscription reads:
   "Here, off duty, till the last reveille, lie the southern soldiers, few in number, who were slain in this county during the war of succession. They fell among strangers, unknown, unfriended, yet not unhonored; for strangers' hands have gathered their ashes here, and placed this shaft above them, that constancy, valor, sacrifice of self, though displayed in a fruitless enterprise, may not be unremembered."

## History

The Battle of Dutton's Hill took place on March 30, 1863. It was the culmination of Confederate General John Pegram's expedition into Kentucky. The 9-day foray into the Commonwealth was for the purpose of gathering beef – cattle to feed the Army of Tennessee. Pegram led approximately 1,550 cavalry supported by a three piece battery of artillery across the Cumberland River at Stigall's Ferry on March 22. The Confederate column consisted of the 1st Louisiana, 1st Georgia, 1st and 2nd Tennessee Regiments, 16th Battalion Tennessee Cavalry (less two companies left behind in Tennessee), 1st Florida Cavalry (3 mounted companies), and Huwald's Tennessee Battery of mule-drawn mountain howitzers. By making an orderly march through Somerset, the populace was led to believe that Pegram was leading the forefront of a Confederate invasion of central Kentucky. Rumors flew as to the actual strength of Pegram's command. While foraging for cattle, Pegram's cavalry encountered Yankees on March 28 at Hickman's Bridge. Then, narrowly evading the closely following 44th and 45th Regiments Ohio Infantry, they continued to rustle cattle until they had rounded up about 750. Braxton Bragg was relying on beef to keep the Army of Tennessee supplied with nourishing food. Pegram's cavalry had herded 537 of the cattle across the Cumberland River when their luck ran out.
On March 30, 1863, about 1⁠1/2⁠ miles from Somerset in Pulaski County, Kentucky, Pegram's cavalry was overtaken by a Union force of 1,250 men under the command of Brigadier General Quincy A. Gillmore. Pegram was defeated. Confederate casualty reports of the Battle of Dutton's Hill vary wildly, as to killed, wounded, or missing. General Pegram reported a rumor of 80 dead. One Union regiment reported 57 Confederates killed; another only 10.
# Batts House and Outbuildings

Batts House and Outbuildings is a historic home and associated outbuildings located near Tarboro, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. The dwelling dates to about 1880, and is a two-story frame Italianate-style house. Also on the property are the contributing one-story frame doctor's office (c. 1880), a small dairy (c. 1880), a log smokehouse and wood shed (c. 1810), a dilapidated corn barn (c. 1810), and a carriage house, later converted to a garage (1912). Also on the property is a family cemetery (c. 1808–1885).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Lin and Xie case

The Lin and Xie case is an incident of a woman cutting off her husband's penis that took place in Dongguan, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China in 2009. A family couple with husband Lin Mouru (林某儒, Mandarin: Lín Mǒurú, Jyutping: lam4 mau5 jyu4) and wife Xie Mouman (Simplified: 谢某曼, Traditional: 謝某曼, Mandarin: Xiè Mǒumàn, Jyutping: ze6 mau5 maan6) were in a decade-long marriage. One day, husband Lin brought home a mistress, and requested that they have a threesome and live together. His wife Xie completely disagreed with the idea, and wanted a divorce. After a confrontational dispute, Xie cut off her husband's penis. The Dongguan court sentenced her to prison for 10 years.

## Incident

Xie Mouman (37 years old in 2009) is originally from Xinyi, Guangdong. In 1997 the couple married. They have three children, aged 8–11 in 2009. In December 2008 Lin told his wife he had a mistress and he suggested they all live together in the same household.
On February 24, 2009 Xie asked for a divorce, but Lin refused. The couple argued for five hours. Xie alleged that he hit her multiple times and threatened to choke her and their three children to death. Two days later on February 26, 2009, Xie bought a pair of scissors from a grocery store. She cut his penis off while he was sleeping. Xie escaped from her home and ended up in Wanjiang District, Dongguan. She was captured by the public security bureau (公安机关) two days later.

## Aftermath

On July 27, 2009 Dongguan court sentenced Xie to 10 years in prison.
# Baum–Wallis Farmstead

Baum–Wallis Farmstead is a historic home and farm located near Johnsonville, Rensselaer County, New York. The farmhouse was built about 1811, and is a one-story, square frame dwelling on a stone foundation. It has a gable roof with dormer added about 1915. Also on the property are the contributing wagon barn (c. 1900), main barn group (c. 1815, c. 1826, c. 1945), corn crib (c. 1900), ice house / milk house / well house (c. 1900, c. 1946), and pig house / garage (c. 1900, c. 1950-1960).$^{:3–4}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
# Michael Soeoth

Michael Williams Soeoth (born 1 June 2007) is an Indonesian footballer who plays fullback for New Zealand club Eastern Suburbs. He is an Indonesian diaspora/abroad player.

## Early life

Michael Soeoth was born in Manado, North Sulawesi. He lived in Manado with his grandparents for 9 years before moving to New Zealand in 2016 to live with his parents. Soeoth is the son of Billy Soeoth and Sandra Tuju who is from the Minahasan Regency. Soeoth is a teenager from Manado who attends One Tree Hill College and has a career abroad playing football in Auckland and someday hopes to become a national team player for the Indonesia national football team.
Soeoth is being monitored with playing overseas and in the database of Ministry of the Youth and Sport of Republic of Indonesia.
Soeoth has gained recognition on local news outlets in Manado and on social media platforms for his notable football career outside of Indonesia and being a full blooded Indonesian holding Indonesian citizenship.
Before pursuing a career in football, Soeoth had desires to play badminton for Indonesia as a kid. Soeoth in fact won a gold medal in the College Sport Auckland badminton tournament when playing for his school.

## Club career

Soeoth attended an open trial where he was selected to play for the Under 14 and Under 15 Ellersie AFC team during the 2021-2022 season. In 2021 Soeoth was the top goal scorer for his Under 14 team. Soeoth currently plays for Eastern Suburbs 17th Grade Academy team since 2024.
Soeoth plays with Eastern Suburbs that competes in the NRF Youth U17 Championship.
Soeoth also has been playing football for a school team in New Zealand with One Tree Hill College since 2021. Soeoth was successfully selected through a selection process to play for the school football junior academy team when he was 13 years old. In 2022 Soeoth won the 14B East in College Sport Auckland tournament with the One Tree Hill College junior academy. In 2023, Soeoth was selected to be part of One Tree Hill College 1st XI senior team that played in the A4 of College Sport Auckland division. In 2024 Soeoth was part of the One Tree Hill College 1st XI senior team that went undefeated for 9 games straight of in all of College Sport Auckland division until the undefeated streak ended after losing 4-0 in the last seasonal game and missing out on A3 promotion.
During his football career overseas in New Zealand, Soeoth has worked with coaches such as Ben Fletcher at Ellerslie AFC. He also has been coached by Dylan Manickum, Adam Thomas, Francis De Vries, Luis Toomey and Noah Billingsley with school football. These coaches that Soeoth has worked with has all played at a professional level and have played for the New Zealand national football team.
Soeoth is coached by Zach Haydon at Eastern Suburbs who is also a New Zealand national football team staff.

## Style of play

Predominantly a left-back, Soeoth is a left foot football player who usually likes to whip in crosses from the left flank for the players to attack. His different ranges of passing and techniques makes him a great modern fullback.