OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ngamo language

Ngamo (also known as Ngamawa, Gamo, Gamawa) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. The native Ngamo language has two major dialects, viz, Gudi Ngamo and Yaya Ngamo. These dialects are spoken by the various clans both within and outside Gadaka.
Ngamo is a member of the West Branch of Chadic and is hence related to Hausa, the dominant language throughout northern Nigeria. Ngamo’s closest linguistic relatives are, however, its neighbors, Karekare, Bole, and Maka.
The Ethnologue gives a figure for 60,000 as the number of Ngamo speakers, which seems not unreasonable. The pre-eminent traditional ruler of the Ngamo people is Mai Gudi, Alhaji Isa Bunuwo Khahaji, whose court is located in Gadaka, about 50 kilometers south of Potiskum.
There are two major dialects of Ngamo, the Gudi dialect and the Yaya dialect. The dialects are different enough from each other in phonology, morphology, and lexicon that they border on being separate languages, but there is fair mutual intelligibility, which justifies grouping them as dialects of one language. The origin of the name “Ngamo” is not known. This root is used both as an autonym and by linguistic neighbors.
People Ngoi Ngamo (m), An Ngamo (f) Ngamaye (pl)
Research on Ngamo
Research on Ngamo language has been conducted by the Yobe Languages Research Project. This project has been supported by two awards from the US National Science Foundation. The first, “The Chadic Languages of Yobe State, Nigeria” (award #BCS-0111289, Russell G. Schuh, Principal Investigator), ran from 2001-2004. The second, “Lexicon, Linguistic Structure, and Verbal Arts in Chadic Languages of Northeastern Nigeria” (award #BCS-0553222, Russell G. Schuh, Principal Investigator), ran from 2006-2009. Directors of the project under both grants are Russell G. Schuh, the Principal Investigator, and Alhaji Maina Gimba, the In-Country Director. From 2002-2004, members of the Ngamo team were Umaru Mamu Goge, Jibir Audu Janga Dole (both speakers of Gudi Ngamo), and Isa Adamu Gashinge (a speaker of Yaya Ngamo). Because of limitations of time and resources, it was decided for 2006-2009 to focus Ngamo research on the Gudi dialect, though some new data on Yaya Ngamo was collected in 2009, and more than half of the material in the 2009 collection of Ngamo verbal arts is in Yaya Ngamo. The members of the Ngamo team are Umaru Mamu Goge and Jibir Audu Janga Dole for Gudi, with Isa Adamu Gashinge providing Yaya data. Thanks go also to HRH Alhaji Isa Bunuwo, Mai Gudi for his support and to Madu Liman and his family for indispensable logistic support.
# Murkatta

Murkatta (Nepali: मुर्कट्टा) is a headless ghost with eyes and mouth in chest and carrying its head tucked under its arm. Murkatta is mentioned in various Nepali culture and traditions. They are considered as the spirits from the dead.
The Murkatta is also interpreted as a person whose head has been cut down, symbolizing the defeat or a loss of intellect.

## In contemporary culture and religion

The concept of Murkatta has inspired various works in contemporary culture, arts and literature. Some are listed below.
* In Kathmandu, Nepal, a festival is celebrated on the day of Ghode Jatra to scare away the Murkatta and prevent its evil eyes from the children.
* In Varanasi, India, a fifth century headless sculpture of the Buddha is worshipped as Murkatta Baba.
* The Sisne mountain (Nepali:सिस्ने हिमाल) in Rukum district is nicknamed as Murkatta in local language.
* Murkatta Lass is a Nepali book by Dirgabahu.
# Cahirnarry

Cahirnarry (also Cahernarry) was a parish in County Limerick, Ireland. It was settled in 1837 with nearly 2,000 inhabitants over nearly equal acreage covered by meadows, pastures, limestone quarries, and a bog. It had a school, church, and police station.
# Fernando Armiñán

Fernando Armiñán (28 April 1927 – 1 June 1987) was a Spanish alpine skier. He competed in two events at the 1948 Winter Olympics. His cousin Jaime de Armiñán is a Spanish screenwriter and film director.
# Anthony Morris (II)

Anthony Morris (March 1682 – September 23, 1763) was a brewer, merchant, judge, assemblyman, and mayor of Philadelphia.

## Early life and education

Morris was born in London, the son of Anthony Morris, Jr.. He emigrated with his family to colonial-era British America, where they settled in New Jersey shortly after his birth.
At age three, the family moved to Philadelphia, where Morris spent the rest of his life. Like his father, Morris was a prominent member of the Religious Society of Friends in Philadelphia.

## Career
### Philadelphia brewing

In 1696, Morris' father paid fellow brewer Henry Babcock 20 pounds (equal to £3,505.41 today) to place the younger Anthony in a seven-year indentured apprenticeship.
Morris later founded the Morris Brewery, which emerged as one of the most highly regarded among colonial Philadelphia's many breweries.

### Philadelphia politics

In 1737, Morris served as an associate justice of the city court. He sat for several sessions as a member of the assembly.
The following year, in 1738, like his father before him, he served as mayor of Philadelphia. He was reelected the following year in 1739, but to chose not to serve. In 1747, he was again elected, but fled the city to Bucks County to avoid having to serve. After three days of searching for Morris, a new election for mayor was scheduled.

## Death

On September 23, 1763, Morris died in Philadelphia, at age 81.

## Legacy

Morris's grandson, Samuel, was Captain of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry during the American Revolutionary War, which served with distinction as General George Washington's bodyguard during 1776 and 1777.

## Sources

* Stanley Baron, Brewed in America: A History of Beer and Ale in the United States (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1962)
Attribution
* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1891). Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
# Haqaiq-e-Hindi

Haqaiq-e-Hindi is a treatise written in 1566 by Meer Syed Abdul Wahid Bilgrami (1509-1608). It was written in Persian with the use of Sufi interpretations used in Dhrupad, Bishnupad and others.
It was taken into Scholarly field by Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, who published it in Hindi in 1957.

## Reviews

According to Muzaffar Alam, in this work ‘Abdul Wahid ‘sought to reconcile Vaisnav symbols as well as the terms and ideas used in Hindu devotional songs with orthodox Muslim beliefs’ within the ‘syncretistic religious milieu’ of Awadh qasbas.
# No. 108 Squadron RAF

No. 108 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War which continued to serve with the Royal Air Force in the Second World War.

## First World War

The unit was formed at Stonehenge or the nearby Lake Down Aerodrome in November 1917, and was equipped with Airco DH.9 bombers.
In July 1918, the squadron went to Capelle, Dunkirk, equipped with DH.9s for day-bombing operations against targets in north-west Belgium. In October 1918, it moved to Bisseghem, Belgium, and remained based there until the Armistice. During its service overseas the squadron made 59 successful bombing raids, 40 reconnaissance flights, and two photographic flights; dropped approximately 70 tons of bombs, and shot down nine enemy aircraft (a further 20 were reported shot down, but were not confirmed).

## Between the wars

Disbanded in July 1919, the squadron did not reappear in the order of battle until January 1937, when it was re-formed as No. 108 (Bomber) Squadron at RAF Upper Heyford. Its initial equipment were Bristol Blenheim I bombers.

## Second World War

On the day before the outbreak of the Second World War it became a 6 Group training squadron and in April 1940, was absorbed into No. 13 Operational Training Unit at RAF Bicester. The squadron relinquished its Blenheims in February 1940 to aid Finland in the Winter War.
On 1 August 1941, No. 108 reformed at RAF Kabrit, Egypt, as a night bomber squadron. Its Vickers Wellingtons began bombing raids on 22 September, targets being ports on the Libyan coast and in Greece. In November it began to receive Consolidated Liberators and these supplemented the Wellingtons until June 1942. On 18 December 1942 the squadron was reduced to a cadre which was disbanded on 25 December 1942. On 15 March 1943 No. 108 reformed at RAF Shandur as a night fighter squadron. Its Bristol Beaufighters flew night patrols over Egypt, Libya and Malta and were supplemented by de Havilland Mosquitoes in February 1944. The latter were used for intruder missions until withdrawn in July while the Beaufighters moved back to Libya for intruder operations over Greece and the Aegean. In October 1944 the squadron moved to Greece and became involved in the attempted Communist take-over of the country in December. After taking part in attacks on rebel positions until the uprising was quelled, the squadron gave up its aircraft and sailed for Italy in March 1945, disbanding on 28 March 1945.
# Ausberto García

Ausberto García (9 February 1934 – 11 December 2017) was a Bolivian footballer. He took part in the 1959 (Argentina), 1963 and 1967 editions of the Copa America, winning the 1963 tournament on home soil. García died on 11 December 2017, at the age of 83.

## International career

Ausberto García played 19 games and scored 5 goals for Bolivia. His first cap and first goal was on 29 September 1957 during a 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification game against Chile.
García was in Bolivia's squad for the 1959 South American Championship, playing 4 games and scoring once (his 2nd personal goal for Bolivia) against Brazil.
García was also in Bolivia's squad for the 1963 South American Championship that took place on home soil. During the tournament, he played 5 games and scored 3 times (his 3rd, 4th and 5th personal goals for Bolivia) against Peru, Paraguay and Brazil as Bolivia won its first and only Copa America. The goal against Brazil was his last with Bolivia.
His last competition was the 1967 South American Championship where he played 4 games. The game against Chile on 1 February was his last cap with Bolivia.
# 2010 Czech municipal elections

Municipal elections were held in the Czech Republic on 15 and 16 October. The Civic Democratic Party won the most seats, although it lost in Prague. The elections were a success for the Czech Social Democratic Party and TOP 09, and were considered a revival for the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party.

## Results

| Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| Civic Democratic Party | 16,943,967 | 18.78 | 5,112 |
| Czech Social Democratic Party | 17,763,358 | 19.68 | 4,584 |
| Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party | 4,938,960 | 5.47 | 3,738 |
| Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | 8,628,685 | 9.56 | 3,189 |
| TOP 09 | 8,537,461 | 9.46 | 1,509 |
| Mayors and Independents | 653,400 | 0.72 | 1,243 |
| SNK European Democrats | 770,543 | 0.85 | 551 |
| Public Affairs | 2,640,305 | 2.93 | 304 |
| Green Party | 1,491,212 | 1.65 | 156 |
| Vote for the City | 736,387 | 0.82 | 153 |
| Party of Civic Rights | 628,860 | 0.70 | 89 |
| Party of Common Sense | 673,856 | 0.75 | 61 |
| Party of Free Citizens | 673,856 | 0.22 | 29 |
| Other parties | 25,441,280 | 25.31 | 41,460 |
# Juan Alfredo Farías

Juan Alfredo Farías (born 8 May 1945) is a Bolivian footballer. He played in two matches for the Bolivia national football team in 1975. He was also part of Bolivia's squad for the 1975 Copa América tournament.
# Independent School District 196

Independent School District 196 is a K-12 public school district located in the south suburban Twin Cities, near both Minneapolis and St. Paul in Minnesota.
Also known as the Rosemount-Apple Valley-Eagan School District, District 196 serves approximately 28,300 students in grades Early Childhood-12 and is Minnesota's fourth largest school district. The 110-square-mile (280 km$^2$) district boundary includes all or part of seven cities - Rosemount, Apple Valley, Eagan, Burnsville, Coates, Inver Grove Heights and Lakeville - and rural Empire and Vermillion townships.
District 196 has 20 elementary schools (grades k-5), six middle schools including Scott Highlands Middle School (grades 6-8), and four high schools (grades 9-12), the School of Environmental Studies optional high school (grades 11-12), the Area Learning Center alternative high school (grades 9-12) and Dakota Ridge special education school (grades k-12). and (transition plus) post secondary for students with special needs) (School attendance boundary maps and address search)
The district has been honored with six National Blue Ribbon Schools of Excellence awards and numerous state and nationally recognized programs in academics, the arts and athletics.
District 196 is consistently recognized among the nation's top school districts

## District 196 High Schools

All five District 196 high schools compete in the South Suburban Conference of the Minnesota State High School League.
* Apple Valley (Eagles)
* Eagan (Wildcats)
* Eastview (Lightning)
* Rosemount (Irish)
* School of Environmental Studies (Dolphins)

## District 196 Middle Schools

* Black Hawk Middle School
* Dakota Hills Middle School
* Falcon Ridge Middle School
* Rosemount Middle School
* Scott Highlands Middle School
* Valley Middle School of STEM

## District 196 Elementary Schools
### Apple Valley, MN

* Cedar Park Elementary STEM School
* Diamond Path Elementary School of International Studies
* Greenleaf Elementary School
* Highland Elementary School
* Southview Elementary School
* Westview Elementary School

### Burnsville, MN

* Echo Park Elementary - School of Leadership, Engineering and Technology

### Eagan, MN

* Deerwood Elementary School
* Glacier Hills Elementary - School of Arts and Science
* Oak Ridge Elementary - School of Leadership, Environmental and Health Sciences
* Pinewood Community School
* Red Pine Elementary School
* Thomas Lake Elementary School
* Woodland Elementary School
* Northview Elementary School

### Rosemount, MN

* Rosemount Elementary School
* Shannon Park Elementary School
* Emerald Trail Elementary School

### Lakeville, MN

* East Lake Elementary School
* Parkview Elementary School

## District 196 Demographics (Revised annually)

* Total population – 145,796
* Total households – 51,181
* 60 percent with pre-school and school-age children
* Nearly one-third of all district residents are under the age of 18
# Caracal, Romania

Caracal (Romanian pronunciation: ) is a city in Olt County, Romania, situated in the historic region of Oltenia, on the plains between the lower reaches of the Jiu and Olt rivers. The region's plains are well known for their agricultural specialty in cultivating grains and over the centuries, Caracal has been the trading center for the region's agricultural output. Caracal has a population of 27,403 and is the second largest city in the region.

## Etymology

While 19th century historians thought that the name of Caracal is linked to Roman emperor Caracalla, the current accepted etymology is that city's name is derived from the Cuman language kara kale meaning "Black fortress" (kara, meaning "black", and kal, either from the Turkish kale, or the Arabic qal'at, both meaning fortress).

## History

The end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century saw Caracal experience significant growth and the region become one of the most important agricultural regions in Romania. Caracal was this region's capital and seat of Romanați County. World War II and the communist regime brought changes to this region and to the city of Caracal. During World War II a Nazi concentration camp was located near the city. The communist government, which disestablished Romanați County, instituted industrialization plans and Caracal experienced continued economic growth through the establishment of industrial plants in the textile industry sector.
The town underwent major changes after the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime was overthrown by the December 1989 Revolution, with many factories collapsing under the pressure of privatisation.

## Demographics

{{Historical populations |align = left clear |source = Census data |1859 |5638 |1899 |12947 |1912 |15048 |1930 |14950 |1948 |17892 |1956 |19082 |1966 |22714 |1977 |30408 |1992 |39130 |2002 |34603 |2011 |30954 |2021 |27403

## Twin town

* Næstved, Denmark

## Natives

* Gheorghe Argeșanu (1883–1940), cavalry general and politician who served as a Prime Minister of Romania in September 1939
* Silviu Bălace (born 1978), football player and manager
* Marius Bunescu (1881–1971), painter, organizer of the National Museum of Art, and director of the Anastase Simu Museum
* Virgil Carianopol (1908–1984), poet
* Dan Diaconescu (born 1967), journalist, politician, and TV presenter
* Aurelian Titu Dumitrescu [ro] (born 1956), poet, essayist, and journalist
* Doru Frunzulică [ro] (born 1959), politician
* Iancu Jianu (1787–1842), Wallachian hajduk
* Haralamb Lecca (1873–1920), poet, playwright, and translator
* Nicolae Paul Mihail [ro] (1923–2013), writer and screenwriter
* Radu Șerban [ro] (1927–1984), composer of easy listening music
* Marius Tucă (born 1966), journalist and TV host
* Iulian Vladu (born 1982), footballer
# Perkiomen Valley Airport

Perkiomen Valley Airport (FAA LID: 32PA (formerly N10)) is formerly a privately owned, public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northeast of the central business district of Collegeville, a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The airport was built by Wells MacCormack and opened on March 1, 1938. It closed in March of 2021. It is now pending a housing development project taking effect on the 1st of April, 2024. It was included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

## Facilities and aircraft

Perkiomen Valley Airport covers an area of 60 acres (24 ha) at an elevation of 277 feet (84 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 9/27 with an asphalt surface measuring 2,880 by 40 feet (878 x 12 m).
Valley Forge Aviation is a fixed-base operator (FBO) located on the field.
For the 12-month period ending March 15, 2012, the airport had 10,520 aircraft operations, an average of 28 per day: 99.8% general aviation and 0.2% military. At that time there were 22 aircraft based at this airport: 91% single-engine and 9% multi-engine.
# Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association

The Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association (IOFGA) certifies organic food and products throughout the island of Ireland. It is a voluntary organisation and a company limited by guarantee with a membership open to all. It was established in 1982.
IOFGA maintains a set of organic production and food processing standards, and operates an inspection scheme for certified members.
IOFGA publishes a bi-monthly magazine called Organic Matters.
# Edgar Vaca

Edgar Vaca (born 2 May 1956) is a Bolivian footballer. He played in 30 matches for the Bolivia national football team from 1979 to 1985. He was also part of Bolivia's squad for the 1979 Copa América tournament.
# Friederike von Reden

Friederike von Reden (1774–1854), was a German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder. She is known as the Mutter des Hirschberger Tales.

## Early life

She was born as the daughter of Baron Friedrich Adolf Richard Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1738–1800) and his wife, Friederike Charlotte Louise von Massow (1746–1808).

## Biography

She married minister Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden in 1802. After being widowed in 1815, she became a significant philanthropist. She founded the bible society Buchwalder Bibelgesellschaft, whose president she was. She founded a number of charitable societies active in Silesia. She also hosted a literary salon in her home, Schloss Buchwald [pl], which became a center of the Silesian aristocracy.
# 2020 in Washington (state)

The following is a list of events of the year 2020 in the U.S. state of Washington.

## Incumbents
### State government

* Governor: Jay Inslee (D)

## Events

* January 21: First known U.S. case of COVID-19 reported in Snohomish County by Centers for Disease Control
* February 26: First known U.S. death from COVID-19 occurs in Kirkland, part of an outbreak at a nursing home.
* February 29: COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state) officially begins when the first cases of COVID-19 in the United States are reported, and a state of emergency is declared by Governor Inslee
* March–October: 2020 Washington wildfires
* March 6: CNBC reports that an Amazon group in Seattle known as "Grand Challenge" and "1492" is undertaking Project Gesundheit to cure the common cold.
* March 23: Statewide COVID-19 lockdowns ordered by the governor
* c. April 29: Scattered Canary begins defrauding the state unemployment department, eventually taking hundreds of millions of dollars illegally
* May – August: George Floyd protests in Washington (state)
* June 8: Capitol Hill Occupied Protest (also called CHOP or CHAZ) established
* June 1 – August 7: End of Watch Ride to Remember motorcycle rally begins and ends in Spokane
* November 3: 2020 Washington elections

### Sports

* February 8–15: 2020 United States Men's Curling Championship and Women's Curling Championship, Spokane
# 2024 in Wyoming

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following is a list of events of the year 2024 in Wyoming.

## Incumbents
### State government

* Governor: Mark Gordon (R)

## Events

* Ongoing: 2024 Wyoming wildfires
* April 13 –
** 2024 Wyoming Democratic presidential caucuses
** 2024 Wyoming Republican presidential caucuses
* July 26 – 2024 Gillette Pilatus PC-12 crash: A plane crashes in Campbell County, just north of Gillette, starting a wildfire and killing all seven people onboard, including three members of the gospel group The Nelons.
* November 5 – 2024 United States presidential election in Wyoming
# 2024 in American Samoa

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from 2024 in American Samoa.

## Incumbents

* US House Delegate: Amata Coleman Radewagen
* Governor: Lemanu Peleti Mauga
* Lieutenant Governor: Salo Ale

## Events

Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania; COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa
* March 5: 2024 American Samoa presidential caucuses
* November 5: 2024 American Samoa gubernatorial election

## Deaths

* June 25 – Sika Anoa‘i, 79, Hall of Fame professional wrestler (WWE).
# Giuseppe Abbagnale

Giuseppe Abbagnale (born 24 July 1959) is an Italian former rower. He is the current president of the Italian Rowing Federation prior of which he won multiple coxed pair world and Olympic championships with his brother Carmine Abbagnale.
The Abbagnale brothers are the older brothers of the three-time Olympic champion Agostino.

## Biography

He received a gold medal in coxed pair with Giuseppe Di Capua (cox) and his younger brother Carmine, at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, and again at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The crew won silver medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona behind another pair of brothers, Greg and Jonny Searle.