# Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism

The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism is a series of 150 volumes examining topics pertaining to Catholicism, many of them originally published in France. It was published in English in the United States by Hawthorn Books from 1958 to 1971. The series editor was Henri Daniel-Rops. The series was divided into 16 sections. In the United States, volumes were published individually over a number of years and made available for sale separately.

## Background Information
### General

The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism was intended to cover every aspect of the Catholic faith. Most of the authors occupied major posts in Catholic universities. Because most of the participating authors were European, the books were translated into English under the supervision of Lancelot Sheppard. The resulting works were approved by separate editorial boards in the United States and England. The individual books were also reviewed by officials of the Catholic Church, who granted the Church's imprimatur to each volume.
This series of books was originally planned to comprise 150 volumes organized into 15 sections encompassing general topics such as belief, faith, the nature of man, the Bible, etc. However, when completed, the series consisted of 16 sections; this was accomplished by reducing the size of the planned section covering Catholicism and the Arts from 13 volumes to 6 volumes, and creating an additional section for Catholicism and Science that consisted of 8 volumes. Ultimately the series consisted of 148 works of scholarship, as well as a "double-sized" index that was assigned two volume numbers.
The contemporary reaction to The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism was quite favorable. Besides the Catholic press and academics praising the series, the secular Saturday Review proclaimed it, "An enterprise of great scope in the intellectual and spiritual life of contemporary Catholicism." The series was awarded the Thomas More Association Medal "for the most distinguished contribution to Catholic publishing in 1958."

### Publication

Hawthorn Books made an announcement in January 1958 that it was preparing to publish a new Catholic encyclopedia. The firm advised that it was planning on releasing the English language version of a French Catholic encyclopedia currently being published; at that time, 40 volumes of the French version were already in print. Instead of using the large folio format typically used in encyclopedias, the individual volumes were published in the much smaller octavo format, each about 125-150 pages in length. Each volume, while germane to the topic of its section, was meant to be self-contained with its own citations and bibliography.
The production was intended to be an international effort: with the books published in the U.S. by Hawthorn Books, in Canada by McClelland & Stewart Ltd, in Great Britain by Burnes Oates and Washbourne, in France by Librairie Arthème Fayard, and in Germany by Paul Pattlock Verlag. However, it is unknown if the publishing ventures besides those in the United States and France occurred.
The books within the series were planned to be published over a period of 75 months. Subscribers could purchase them at a rate of two-books-a-month for $5.00. If purchased individually, the books were sold for $3.50 each. The order in which the volumes were published did not coincide with the volume numbers within the series; for example, the first book published, What is the Bible?, was actually assigned volume #60 within the structure of the encyclopedia.
Publication of The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism started in September 1958 and by December 1964, 128 of the volumes had been published. However, production of the series took longer than planned and not all of the initially projected books were published. The final volume, the index, was not published until 1971. Also, while most of the volumes of the encyclopedia (94 by September 1962) were published before the beginning of the Second Vatican Council, some were published after the conclusion of that ecumenical council and reflect its influence.

### Senior Editorial Team

All four of the men that formed the senior editorial team were well-established Catholic authors, academics, and editors.
* Henri Daniel-Rops, Editor-in-Chief
* Lancelot C. Sheppard, English Supervising Editor
* Brother Celestine Luke, F.S.C., S.T.D., American Consulting Editor and Chief of Consultants
* Joseph W. Sprug, Editor of the Index

## Organization of the Encyclopedia

The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism was divided into sixteen sections, each of which was intended to explore a topic within the Catholic faith more deeply. The table below lists the sections and their topics.
Sections of The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism :
| Section | Topic | Section | Topic |
| I | Knowledge and Faith | IX | The Church and the Modern World |
| II | The Basic Truths | X | The Worship of the Church |
| III | The Nature of Man | XI | Catholicism and Literature |
| IV | The Means of Redemption | XII | Catholicism and the Arts |
| V | The Life of Faith | XIII | Catholicism and Science |
| VI | The Word of God | XIV | Outside the Church |
| VII | The History of the Church | XV | Non-Christian Beliefs |
| VIII | The Organization of the Church | XVI | General and Supplementary Volumes |

### Section I. Knowledge and Faith

Listing of Volumes Published for Section I :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 1 | The Achievements of Vatican II | Hollis, Christopher | Feb-67 | 141 |
| 2 | Is Theology a Science? | Chenu, Marie-Dominique; Green-Armytage; Adrian Howell North | 1959 | 23 |
| 3 | The Meaning of Tradition | Congar, Yves | 1964 | 126 |
| 4 | What is Dogma? | Journet, Charles | Jul-64 | 121 |
| 5 | Do Dogmas Change? | Rondet, Henri | May-61 | 65 |
| 6 | What is Faith? | Joly, Eugène | Sep-58 | 2 |
| 7 | The Debate on Birth Control | Bauer, Andrew (ed) | 1969 | 148 |
| 8 | Myth or Mystery? | Daniélou, Jean | Jun-68 | 145 |
| 9 | Revelation and Reason | Broglie, Guy de | 1965 | 131 |
| 10 | Is There a Christian Philosophy? | Nédoncelle, Maurice | Apr-60 | 39 |
| 11 | The Origins of Christian Philosophy | Tresmontant, Claude | Jan-63 | 99 |
| 12 | Medieval Christian Philosophy | Delhaye, Philippe | 1960 | 45 |
| 13 | The Basis of Belief | Trethowan, Illtyd | Feb-61 | 59 |
| 14 | Christianity and Science | Abelé, Jean | Oct-61 | 76 |
| 15 | The God of Reason | Jolivet, Régis | Nov-58 | 6 |

### Section II. The Basic Truths

Listing of Volumes Published for Section II :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 16 | The Worship of God | Philippe, M.-D. (Marie-Dominique) | Sep-59 | 26 |
| 17 | What is the Trinity? | Piault, Bernard. | Feb-59 | 11 |
| 18 | The Holy Spirit | Henry, Antonin Marcel | Oct-60 | 51 |
| 19 | The Creation | Mouiren, Trophime | Dec-62 | 98 |
| 20 | The Problem of Evil | Petit, François, O. Praem | Sep-59 | 25 |
| 21 | Who is the Devil? | Cristiani, Léon | Oct-58 | 4 |
| 22 | Freedom and Providence | Pontifex, Mark | Sep-60 | 49 |
| 23 | The Theology of Grace | Daujat, Jean | May-59 | 18 |
| 24 | What is the Incarnation? | Ferrier, Francis, | Jul-62 | 90 |
| 25 | What is Redemption? | Philippe de la Trinité, Father | Sep-61 | 72 |
| 26 | The Communion of Saints | Lamirande, Émilien | Jan-63 | 100 |
| 27 | Faith, Hope and Charity | Bars, Henry | May-61 | 66 |
| 28 | Life After Death | Becqué, Maurice, and Becqué, Louis | Aug-60 | 48 |

### Section III. The Nature of Man

Listing of Volumes Published for Section III :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 29 | The Origins of Man | Cristiani, Léon | Nov-58 | 5 |
| 30 | Evolution | Collin, Rémy | Nov-59 | 29 |
| 31 | What is Man? | Le Trocquer, René | Feb-61 | 60 |
| 32 | What is Life? | Biot, René | Mar-59 | 13 |
| 33 | Personal Responsibility | Lawlor, Monica Mary | Nov-63 | 111 |
| 34 | Man in His Environment | Folliet, Joseph | Sep-63 | 108 |
| 35 | Man and Metaphysics | Jolivet, Régis | Aug-61 | 71 |
| 36 | Psychical Phenomena | Omez, Réginald | Dec-58 | 7 |

### Section IV. The Means of Redemption

Listing of Volumes Published for Section IV :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 37 | Prayer | Daujat, Jean | Dec-64 | 127 |
| 38 | The Nature of Mysticism | Knowles, David | Oct-66 | 138 |
| 39 | Spiritual Writers of the Early Church | Cayré, Fulbert | Jan-59 | 10 |
| 40 | Spiritual Writers of the Middle Ages | Sitwell, Gerard, O.S.B. | Sep-61 | 71 |
| 41 | Post-Reformation Spirituality | Cognet, Louis | Oct-59 | 28 |
| 42 | Spiritual Writers in Modern Times | Sheppard, Lancelot C. (Lancelot Capel) | 1967 | 143 |
| 43 | True and False Possession | Lhermitte, Jean | Mar-63 | 101 |
| 44 | Mary The Mother of God | Suenens, Léon Joseph | Oct-59 | 27 |
| 45 | The Devotion to Our Lady | Graef, Hilda C. | Aug-63 | 106 |
| 46 | What is a Saint? | Douillet, Jacques | Oct-58 | 3 |
| 47 | What is an Angel? | Régamey, P.-R. (Pie-Raymond) | Jan-60 | 33 |

### Section V. The Life of Faith

Listing of Volumes Published for Section V :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 48 | What is the Church? | Bovis, André de | Nov-61 | 77 |
| 49 | What is a Sacrament? | Piault, Bernard | Oct-63 | 110 |
| 50 | Christian Initiation | McCormack, Arthur | 1969 | 147 |
| 51 | Penance and Absolution | Barton, John M. T. (John Mackintosh Tilney) | Apr-61 | 63 |
| 52 | What is the Eucharist? | Nicolas, Maria Iosephus | Aug-60 | 47 |
| 53 | What is a Priest? | Lécuyer, Joseph | Jul-59 | 21 |
| 54 | Christian Marriage | Fabrègues, Jean de | Dec-59 | 31 |
| 55 | Death and the Christian | Didier, Jean-Charles | Mar-61 | 61 |
| 56 | What is Christian Life? | Liégé, Pierre André | Nov-61 | 78 |
| 57 | The Enigma of the Stigmata | Biot, René | Dec-62 | 97 |
| 58 | Christian Ethics | Hawkins, D. J. B. (Denis John Bernard) | Dec-63 | 113 |
| 59 | Christianity and Money | Leclercq, Jacques | May-59 | 17 |

### Section VI. The Word of God

Listing of Volumes Published for Section VI :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 60 | What is the Bible? | Daniel-Rops, Henri | Sep-58 | 1 |
| 61 | The Promised Land | Blanchard, Raoul; Du Buit, F. M. (François Michel) | Sep-66 | 137 |
| 62 | Biblical Archaeology | Du Buit, F. M. (François Michel) | Dec-60 | 55 |
| 63 | Biblical Criticism | Steinmann, Jean | Dec-58 | 8 |
| 64 | God's Word At Mass | Koenig, John H. | Jan-67 | 139 |
| 65 | The Religion of Israel | Gelin, Albert | 1959 | 16 |
| 66 | The Prophets | Dheilly, Joseph | 1960 | 56 |
| 67 | The Sources for the Life of Christ | Amiot, F. (François), P.S.S. ; Danielou, Jean, S.J.; Brunot, Amedee, S.C.J.; Daniel-Rops, Henri | Aug-62 | 92 |
| 68 | The Life of Our Lord | Daniel-Rops, Henri | Nov-64 | 125 |
| 69 | What is the Gospel? | Paupert, Jean-Marie | Oct-62 | 95 |
| 70 | St. Paul and His Message | Brunot, Amédée | Jul-59 | 22 |
| 71 | The Old Testament Apocrypha | Dimier, Catherine | Jun-64 | 120 |
| 72 | The New Testament Apocrypha | Hervieux, Jacques | Nov-60 | 53 |
| 73 | Judaism | Démann, Paul | Aug-61 | 72 |

### Section VII. The History of the Church

Listing of Volumes Published for Section VII :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 74 | Christian Beginnings | Zeiller, Jacques | Nov-60 | 54 |
| 75 | The Dawn of the Middle Ages | Palanque, Jean-Rémy | Sep-60 | 50 |
| 76 | The Early Middle Ages | Guillemain, Bernard | Jul-60 | 46 |
| 77 | The Later Middle Ages | Guillemain, Bernard | Jun-60 | 44 |
| 78 | The Revolt against the Church | Cristiani, Léon | Jun-62 | 88 |
| 79 | The Age of Absolutism | Braure, Maurice | Dec-63 | 114 |

### Section VIII. The Organization of the Church

Listing of Volumes Published for Section VIII :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 80 | What is Canon Law? | Metz, Rene | Jan-60 | 34 |
| 81 | The Papacy | Ormesson, Wladimir, comte d' | Feb-59 | 12 |
| 82 | The Ecumenical Councils | Dvornik, Francis | Jan-61 | 57 |
| 83 | What is a Bishop? | Urtasun, Joseph | Aug-62 | 91 |
| 84 | What is a Cardinal? | Lierde, Petrus Canisius van, Bp., and Giraud, Alexandre | Jul-64 | 122 |
| 85 | Religions Orders of Men | Canu, Jean | Feb-60 | 36 |
| 86 | Religions Orders of Women | Malard, Suzanne | Oct-64 | 123 |
| 87 | Secular Institutes | Reidy, Gabriel | May-62 | 85 |
| 88 | The Catholic Spirit | Rétif, André | Jun-59 | 19 |

### Section IX. The Church and the Modern World

Listing of Volumes Published for Section IX :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 89 | Church and State | Woodruff, Douglas | Dec-61 | 79 |
| 90 | Christianity and Economics | Hollis, Christopher | Jan-61 | 58 |
| 91 | Atheism | Borne, Etienne | Jul-61 | 69 |
| 92 | Catholicism in English-Speaking Lands | Carthy, M. P. (Mary Peter) | Feb-64 | 116 |
| 93 | Psychiatry and the Christian | Dominian, Jack | Sep-62 | 93 |
| 94 | Technology and Religion | Queffélec, Henri | Feb-64 | 115 |
| 95 | The Christian and World Integration | Leclercq, Jacques | Apr-63 | 103 |
| 96 | Christianity and Communism | Chambre, Henri | Apr-60 | 40 |
| 97 | Christianity and Colonialism | Delavignette, Robert Louis | Jun-64 | 119 |
| 98 | Holiness in Action | Cluny, Roland | Apr-63 | 104 |
| 99 | History of the Missions | Vaulx, Bernard de | Apr-61 | 64 |
| 100 | Missions in the World Today | Millot, René Pierre | Jul-61 | 70 |
| 101 | The Contribution of German Catholicism | Dru, Alexander | Oct-63 | 109 |
| 102 | The Church's Mission in the World | Rétif, Louis and Rétif, André Rétif | Apr-62 | 84 |
| 103 | The Church and Sex | Trevett, Reginald Frederick | Mar-60 | 37 |
| 104 | The Church and the Workingman | Cronin, John F. (John Francis); Flannery, Harry W. | Nov-65 | 134 |
| 105 | Christian Charity in Action | Riquet, Michel | Dec-61 | 80 |
| 106 | International Morality | Soras, Alfred de | Aug-63 | 105 |
| 107 | Why We Believe | Cristiani, Léon | Apr-59 | 15 |

### Section X. The Worship of the Church

Listing of Volumes Published for Section X :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 108 | The Spirit of Worship | Lefebvre, Gaspar, O.S.B | Nov-59 | 30 |
| 109 | The Liturgical Books | Sheppard, Lancelot C. (Lancelot Capel) | Oct-62 | 96 |
| 110 | History of the Mass | Amiot, F. (François) | Jan-59 | 9 |
| 111 | The Mass in the West | Sheppard, Lancelot C. (Lancelot Capel) | Jan-62 | 82 |
| 112 | Eastern Liturgies | Dalmais, Irénée Henri | May-60 | 42 |
| 113 | The Christian Calendar | Denis-Boulet, Noële M. | Jun-60 | 43 |
| 114 | Vestments and Church Furniture | Lesage, Robert | Mar-60 | 38 |
| 115 | The Liturgical Movement | By the sacerdotal communities of Saint-Sev́erin of Paris and Saint-Joseph of Nice | Apr-64 | 118 |

### Section XI. Catholicism and Literature

Listing of Volumes Published for Section XI :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 116 | Sacred Languages | Auvray, Paul; Poulain, Pierre; Blaise, Albert, | Feb-60 | 35 |
| 117 | Contemporary Christian Writers | Foster, Joseph R. | Nov-63 | 112 |
| 118 | Christian Poetry | Jennings, Elizabeth | Apr-65 | 130 |
| 119 | Modern Christian Literature | Kranz, Gisbert | Mar-61 | 62 |

### Section XII. Catholicism and the Arts

Listing of Volumes Published for Section XII :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 120 | Church Building | Rykwert, Joseph | Jan-66 | 136 |
| 121 | Early Christian Art | Syndicus, Eduard | Jan-62 | 81 |
| 122 | Christian Sculpture | Debidour, Victor-Henry | 1968 | 146 |
| 123 | Modern Christian Art | Wilson, Winefride. | Nov-65 | 133 |
| 124 | Christian Theatre | Speaight, Robert | May-60 | 41 |
| 125 | Christian Music | Robertson, Alec | Oct-61 | 75 |

### Section XIII. Catholicism and Science

Listing of Volumes Published for Section XIII :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 126 | Linguistics, Language and Religion | Crystal, David | Apr-65 | 129 |
| 127 | Cosmology and Christianity | Peach, John Vincent | Aug-65 | 132 |
| 128 | Nuclear Physics in Peace and War | Hodgson, P. E. (Peter Edward) | Jun-61 | 67 |
| 129 | Medicine and Morals | Marshall, John | Oct-60 | 52 |
| 130 | Science and Religion | Chauchard, Paul | Jul-62 | 89 |
| 131 | Cybernetics | Moray, Neville | Sep-63 | 107 |
| 132 | World Poverty and the Christian | McCormack, Arthur | Mar-63 | 102 |
| 133 | Man's Intervention in Nature | Garrigan, Owen | Sep-67 | 144 |

### Section XIV. Outside the Church

Listing of Volumes Published for Section XIV :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 134 | The Contemporary Christian | Corbishley, Thomas | Jan-67 | 140 |
| 135 | The Spirit of Eastern Orthodoxy | Le Guillou, M.-J. (Marie-Joseph) | Apr-62 | 83 |
| 136 | Heresies and Heretics | Cristiani, Léon | Jun-59 | 20 |
| 137 | Protestantism | Tavard, George H. (George Henry) | Dec-59 | 32 |
| 138 | Christian Unity | Boyer, Charles | May-62 | 86 |
| 139 | Christian Sects | Algermissen, Konrad | Jun-62 | 87 |

### Section XV. Non-Christian Beliefs

Listing of Volumes Published for Section XV :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order |
| 140 | Primitive and Prehistoric Religions | Bergounioux, F.-M. (Frédéric-Marie); Goetz, Joseph | Jan-66 | 135 |
| 141 | Religions of the Ancient East | Drioton, Étienne | 1965 | 134 |
| 142 | Greek and Roman Religion | Hus, Alain | Sep-62 | 94 |
| 143 | Mohammedanism | Gardet, Louis | Jun-61 | 68 |
| 144 | Hinduism | Lemaître, Solange | Aug-59 | 24 |
| 145 | Buddhism | Berry, Thomas | Feb-67 | 142 |
| 146 | Christianity and Other Religions | Zaehner, R. C. (Robert Charles) | Apr-64 | 117 |

### Section XVI. General and Supplementary Volumes

Listing of Volumes Published for Section XVI :
| Volume | Title | Author(s) | Date | Publication Order | Note |
| 147 | What is Society? | Zahn, Gordon C. (Gordon Charles) | Dec-64 | 128 | |
| 148 | Law and Morals | St. John-Stevas, Norman | Oct-64 | 124 | |
| 149 & 150 | Index | Sprug, Joseph W. | 1971 | | one book assigned two volume numbers |