OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conspiracy?

Conspiracy? is a documentary television series that was created and originally aired on the History Channel that examines recent historical events from the perspective of conspiracy theory.
Premiering in 2004 and hosted by Tom Kane, notable episodes have examined the President John F. Kennedy assassination, the Senator Robert F. Kennedy assassination, the conspiracy theory that President Franklin Roosevelt had knowledge of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor before December 7, 1941, and theories about government agencies covering up UFO reports. It is one of the few conspiracy theory shows to not cover the 9/11 terrorist attack, while it is mentioned in a few episodes. The show is unique in that it also shows evidence that the subject conspiracy theory is not a conspiracy and isn't presented from a biased pro-conspiracy argument.
In 2009, the entire series was released in a box set DVD.

## Episodes

* TWA Flight 800
* Majestic Twelve: UFO Cover-Up
* FDR and Pearl Harbor
* Area 51
* Who killed Martin Luther King, Jr.?
* Princess Diana
* Lincoln Assassination
* Oklahoma City bombing
* The CIA and the Nazis
* Jack Ruby
* RFK Assassination
* Kecksburg UFO
# Fitch H. Beach Airport

Fitch H. Beach Airport (ICAO: KFPK, FAA LID: FPK) is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) northeast of the central business district of Charlotte, a city in Eaton County, Michigan, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a local general aviation facility.
Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned FPK by the FAA and no designation from the IATA.

## Facilities and aircraft

Fitch H. Beach Airport covers an area of 190 acres (77 ha) at an elevation of 891 feet (272 m) above mean sea level. It has two runways: 2/20 is 3,500 by 75 feet (1,067 x 23 m) with a concrete surface; 14/32 is 2,318 by 100 feet (707 x 30 m) with a turf surface. Runway 14/32 is closed from December through March, and also when snow-covered. The airport is staffed daily from 8AM until dusk.
The airport has a fixed-base operator that offers general maintenance, courtesy transportation, pilot supplies, and more.
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2021, the airport had 11,315 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 31 per day. At that time there were 18 aircraft based at this airport: 16 single-engine and 2 multi-engine airplanes.

### Transit

The airport is accessible by road from Island Highway, and is located near I-69 (exits 60 and 61), M-50, and M-79.

## Accidents and incidents

* On April 11, 2007, a Cessna 210 Centurion was damaged during a hard landing and runway excursion at the airport. The pilot reported a strong gust just above the runway that caused the aircraft to touch down hard and porpoise. Though the pilot attempted to add power, the nose wheel was damaged and lead the plane off the runway. The nose and left main landing gears subsequently collapsed. The probable cause of the incident was found to be the pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, inadequate landing flare, failure to maintain directional control, and encounter with a pilot-induced oscillation.
# Maximo Kalaw

Maximo Valerio Manguiat Kalaw (May 20, 1891 – March 23, 1954) was a Filipino political scientist and novelist. He was the first Filipino head of the Department of Political Science at the University of the Philippines. He argued for Filipino independence from the United States. He also served as assemblyman for Batangas's 3rd district from 1935 to 1941 and Secretary of Instruction and Information in 1945.
He was born in the town of Lipa, Batangas, in the Philippines. He was the brother of Teodoro Kalaw. He studied at the University of Washington and Georgetown University. In 1924, he received a PhD from the University of Michigan.
# 156th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)

The 156th Separate Mechanized Brigade is an unit of the Ukrainian Ground Forces.

## History

According to David Axe, as of October 2024, the 156th Brigade was one of fourteen 2,000-man brigades that had recently been formed by the Ukrainian Ground Forces. Most of these brigades, including the 156th, were formed as infantry brigades, but by October 2024, Ukrainian officials had announced the 156th would be upgraded to a mechanized brigade.
In January 2025, following the problems with mass desertions during the formation of the 155th Brigade, a special group of the General Staff headed by Colonel Oleh Apostol, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, began an inspection in the 156 Brigade and identified a number of significant shortcomings. The General Staff stated that mistakes that took place during the formation and training of the 155th have been taken into account, and measures are being taken to prevent them in the future.

## Structure

As of 2024 the brigade's structure is as follows:
* 156th Separate Mechanized Brigade
** Brigade's Headquarters
** 1st Mechanized Battalion
** 2nd Mechanized Battalion
** 3rd Mechanized Battalion
** 4th Infantry Battalion
** 5th Infantry Battalion
** Tank Battalion
** Artillery Group
** Anti-Aircraft Defense Battalion
** Reconnaissance Company
** Engineer Battalion
** CBRN Protection Company
** Logistic Battalion
** Maintenance Battalion
** Radar Company
** Medical Company
# 1602 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during 1602 in South Africa.

## Events

* The Vereenigde Landsche Ge-Oktroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) trading company receives a charter from the States General, which entails a trading monopoly and the right to acquire and govern Dutch possessions in the Orient for a period of 21 years.
# Ponderosa Park, Colorado

Ponderosa Park is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Elbert County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Ponderosa Park CDP was 3,334 at the United States Census 2020. Elbert County governs the unincorporated community. The Elizabeth post office (Zip Code 80107) serves the area.

## Geography

Ponderosa Park is located on the western border of Elbert County. It is bordered to the southeast by the town of Elizabeth. Colorado State Highway 86 forms the southern edge of the CDP, leading east 9 miles (14 km) to Kiowa, the county seat, and west 7 miles (11 km) to Franktown. Castle Rock is 13 miles (21 km) to the west, and Denver is 37 miles (60 km) to the northwest.
The Ponderosa Park CDP has an area of 9,333 acres (37.770 km$^2$), all land.

### Climate

This climate type is usually found in the outskirts of true deserts in low-latitude, semiarid regions. It has a cooler, wetter winter resulting from the higher latitude and mid-latitude frontal cyclone activity. Annual precipitation totals are greater than in tropical and subtropical desert climates. Yearly variations in amount are not as extreme as in the true deserts but are nevertheless large. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "BSk". (Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate).
Climate data for Ponderosa Park, Colorado :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6 (43) | 8 (46) | 11 (51) | 16 (60) | 21 (69) | 27 (80) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 25 (77) | 19 (66) | 11 (52) | 7 (45) | 17 (63) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9 (15) | −8 (18) | −5 (23) | −1 (31) | 4 (40) | 9 (49) | 13 (55) | 12 (54) | 8 (46) | 2 (35) | −5 (23) | −8 (17) | 1 (34) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.6 (0.3) | 7.6 (0.3) | 23 (0.9) | 33 (1.3) | 64 (2.5) | 48 (1.9) | 56 (2.2) | 48 (1.9) | 28 (1.1) | 20 (0.8) | 18 (0.7) | 7.6 (0.3) | 360 (14.1) |
| Source: Weatherbase ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau initially defined the Ponderosa Park CDP for the 1980 United States census.
# Aleksander Chudek

Aleksander Chudek (17 August 1914 – 23 June 1944) was a Polish fighter ace of the Royal Air Force in World War II with 9 confirmed kills.

## Biography

Before World War II Chudek served in Polish 114th Fighter Escadrille. After the Soviet invasion of Poland he crossed the border with Romania, then he came to France and finally, on 27 June 1940, arrived in the United Kingdom. After a brief exchange rate, he has been assigned to an auxiliary unit of the RAF as a pilot distributing new or refurbished aircraft at airports across the UK. In June 1941 he was transferred to No. 55 Operational Training Unit and began training on Hurricane. In July he was assigned to No. 315 Polish Fighter Squadron where he flew Spitfires. On 14 August 1941 he shot down his first plane. In July 1943 he was posted for three months in No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron. On 23 June 1944 he flew over Normandy and never came back. Initially it was thought that his plane fell into the sea, but in 2009 it was found that the plane crashed between the towns of Le Plessis-Grimoult and Roucamps.
On 23 June 2009, 65 years after the crash, a monument dedicated to Aleksander Chudek was erected in Le Plessis-Grimoult.

## Aerial victory credits

* Bf 109 – 14 August 1941 and 1 damaged
* Bf 109 (two) – 29 August 1941
* Bf 109 – 16 September 1941
* Fw 190 – 27 September 1941 (probably destroyed)
* Fw 190 – 21 October 1941
* Fw 190 (two) – 17 August 1943
* Fw 190 – 6 September 1943
* Fw 190 – 23 September 1943
Chudek is credited with destroying nine enemy aircraft, with one probably destroyed and another damaged.

## Awards

Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross
Cross of Valour (Poland), four times Distinguished Flying Medal
# The Punisher (2000 series)

The Punisher (also known as The Punisher: Welcome Back, Frank) is a 12-issue comic book limited series written by Garth Ennis with art by Steve Dillon and Jimmy Palmiotti which was published under the Marvel Knights imprint of Marvel Comics. The series features the vigilante anti-hero the Punisher and ran from April 2000 to March 2001.

## Publication history

The series is regarded as the fifth volume of the Punisher title. The story continued in Ennis' 2001 The Punisher ongoing series.

## Prints
### Issues

* Welcome Back, Frank
* Badaboom, Badabing
* The Devil by the Horns
* Wild Kingdom
* Even Worse Things
* Spit Out of Luck
* Bring Out your Dead
* Desperate Measures
* From Russia with Love
* Glutton for Punishment
* Any which Way you Can
* Go Frank Go

## Plot

Frank, still depicted as a Vietnam War veteran, reestablishes himself in New York City by taking on the Gnucci crime syndicate. Detective Soap is assigned to "catch" the Punisher; it is purely a P.R. move as the police do not really want Frank caught as they secretly condone his actions. Frank turns the hapless Soap to his side, getting him to pass information on local crime syndicates.
Against his will, Frank gains three loyal friends in his neighbors, Joan the Mouse, Mr. Bumpo, and Spacker Dave. All end up helping him in his crusade against the Gnuccis. Some of this is self-defense as the Gnuccis learn where Frank lives and stage an attack. Spacker himself suffers torture at the hands of the Gnuccis, his piercings ripped out in a fruitless attempt to gain intelligence on Frank.
The Gnucci operation is slowly dismantled. Soap is promoted to police commissioner. As a gesture of thanks for aiding him, Frank gives his neighbors a large sum of Gnucci money. Joan and Spacker would play larger roles in Frank's life later. Bumpo suffers a medical accident ("something important fell out of his bottom") and moves into a hospital.

## Collected editions

The series was collected in a trade paperback as The Punisher: Welcome Back, Frank (Marvel, hardcover, ISBN 0-7851-3384-4; softcover, ISBN 0-7851-0783-5; Panini, softcover, ISBN 1-904159-21-4), which became the informal series title.
The series was also collected as Marvel Knights Punisher by Garth Ennis: The Complete Collection Vol. 1 ISBN 9781302914080.

## In other media

* Joan, Mr. Bumpo, and Spacker Dave were all portrayed in the 2004 movie The Punisher.
* Another version of the story runs through the 2005 Punisher video game.
# Frederick Ponsonby, 4th Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede

Frederick Matthew Thomas Ponsonby, 4th Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede, Baron Ponsonby of Roehampton (born 27 October 1958), is a British peer and Labour Party politician.
Lord Ponsonby serves as a UK Government Minister in the Ministry of Justice since 2024.

## Early life and education

The only son of Thomas Ponsonby, 3rd Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede, and Ursula née Fox-Pitt, he attended Holland Park School, before going up to read Physics at Cardiff University, graduating BSc 1980. He then pursued post-graduate studies in Engineering at Imperial College London, CEng 1997.
Lord Ponsonby was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (FIMMM) in 1996.

## Political career

Succeeding as Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede upon his father's death in 1990, he took his seat in the House of Lords as a hereditary peer in 1991, sitting on the Labour benches.
Lord Ponsonby represented Roehampton Ward as a councillor on Wandsworth London Borough Council from 1990 to 1994.
Along with all but 92 of his fellow hereditary peers, Lord Ponsonby was ejected from the upper house following the enactment of the House of Lords Act 1999. Having sat on the Lords Opposition frontbench as a spokesman on Education from 1992–1997 as well as on various parliamentary sub-committees, in 2000 he was created a life peer, in addition to his hereditary title, as Baron Ponsonby of Roehampton, of Shulbrede in the County of West Sussex, thus enabling to resume sitting in Parliament.
Having served as an Opposition spokesperson for Justice from April 2020 and Home Affairs from May 2021, on 9 July 2024, Lord Ponsonby was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice and as a Lord-in-Waiting.
A justice of the peace (JP) for Westminster since 2006, Lord Ponsonby was admitted as a Freeman of the City of London in 2024.

## Family

On 5 July 1995, he married Sarah Catriona Pilkington Jackson OBE (born 1957), chief executive of the charity Working Families, and daughter of Richard d'Orville Pilkington Jackson (1921–2008).
Lord and Lady Ponsonby live in London and have two children:
* The Hon. Eve Ponsonby (born 1991), an actress;
* The Hon. Cameron Ponsonby (born 1995), educated at University of Southampton (BSc) and City, University of London (MA), a sports journalist and heir apparent to the hereditary barony.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Frederick Ponsonby, 4th Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede :
* CoronetThat of a Baron
* CrestOut of a Ducal Coronet Azure three Arrows, point downwards, one in pale and two in saltire, entwined at the intersection by a Snake Proper
* EscutcheonGules a Chevron between three Combs Argent
* MottoPro Rege Lege Grege (For The King, The Law, And The People)
# 1601 in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during 1601 in South Africa.

## Events

* Europeans being settling in South Africa, increasing colonization and trade with the Khoikhoi.
* Nguni and Sotho groups begin to split into modern identities such as Zulu, Ndebele, Tswana, and Xhosa.
* Joris van Spilbergen anchors in Table Bay.
* James Lancaster, leading England’s first East India Company fleet, rounds the Cape en route to the East.
* Representatives of the British East India Company began calling sporadically at the Cape in search of provisions.
# Lebadea (butterfly)

Lebadea is a genus of butterflies found in Southeast Asia ranging from India to the Sunda Islands

## Species

* Lebadea alankara (Horsfield, [1829])
* Lebadea ismene (Doubleday, [1848])
* Lebadea martha (Fabricius, 1787)
# Thomas Steinherr

Thomas Steinherr (born 4 May 1993) is a German footballer who plays as a winger for TSV 1860 Rosenheim.
# Control Room Presents

Control Room Presents is a series which aired on MyNetworkTV in the United States from October 1, 2007, to March 15, 2008.
The program aired previously recorded music concerts from various popular artists.
# Preston Fight (novel)

Preston Fight is an 1875 historical novel by the British author William Harrison Ainsworth, released in three volumes by the London publishing house Tinsley Brothers. Like his earlier novel The Manchester Rebels, it was set against the backdrop of a Jacobite uprising in this case the 1715 Jacobite rebellion. The main focus of the story is the rising in Northumberland and northern England rather than that in Scotland, although Scottish commander William Mackintosh plays a major role in the plot. It features an apocryphal visit by James Francis Edward Stuart to Northumberland in the period before the rising.

## Synopsis

In opposition to the Hanoverian Succession in 1714 a number of English northern landowners many of them Roman Catholic, lead a rebellion in support of the exiled Jacobite claimant to the throne against the reigning House of Hanover headed by George I. It culminates in the Battle of Preston and defeat for the Jacobites, several of whose leaders including Henry Oxburgh and the Earl of Derwentwater are taken to London for execution.
# Conversations with Michael Eisner

Conversations with Michael Eisner was a one-hour talk show that ran monthly from March 2006 to April 2009 on CNBC.
The show was hosted by former Walt Disney Company Chairman and CEO Michael Eisner, who interviewed industry leaders and entertainers. The guests for the first show were businesswoman and television personality Martha Stewart, creative designer and technologist Bran Ferren and British-American businessman and studio head Howard Stringer.
In December 2008, it was announced that the show would be cancelled and this took effect in April 2009.
# Skirmish of Oversø

The Skirmish of Oversø near Flensburg (now part of Germany) was a German victory of the Danish forces in the struggle for Schleswig-Holstein. The Germans forces included contingents from the Kingdom of Hanover and Duchy of Mecklenburg.

## Battle

The column of the Hanoverian Lieutenant Colonel Plate arrived at Bilskov Kro north of Sankelmark lake, where it learned that a squadron of 5th Danish Dragoons was still south, and that it was therefore possible to cut them off. Plate immediately placed his troops with the 1st and 2nd Squadrons behind the inn and across the road while holding the 3rd Squadron in reserve. So when the Danes arrived, they found their escape route blocked, and although they sought to escape their opponents, a Colonel, four officers and 45 dragoons were captured along with the regiment's flag.
Before all the wounded prisoners could be removed, two companies of the 2nd Jager Corps appeared and drove the Hussars back west of Bilskov. When they saw that the road was clear, the Danes reached the hilly terrain in front of Bilskov when the disaster (Seen through Danish eyes) occurred. Although the bulk of the central Federal column had been slow to advance, its front unit (a squadron of the Mecklenburg Hussars) had reached within striking distance of the Danes and immediately went on the offensive. The attack was unsuccessful and cost the Hussars six wounded, but it forced the Danes to stop the retreat and seek refuge in the swampy terrain. Around the same time, the 3rd Hanoverian Light Infantry arrived on the scene and when another Federal infantry unit arrived, the situation was becoming desperate. This unit, the 2nd Brunswick Infantry Battalion, now took part with the Hanoverians in a bayonet charge against the hard-pressed Danes. The jagers, however, fought valiantly on until about noon 16 p.m, but with a dwindling stockpile of ammunition and a rapidly increasing darkness, they ultimately had to give up the unequal fight and surrender.
# Fly for Fun Airport

Fly for Fun Airport (FAA LID: W56) is a privately owned, public use airport located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) northeast of the central business district of Vancouver, a city in Clark County, Washington, United States.

## Facilities and aircraft

Fly for Fun Airport covers an area of 15 acres (6 ha) at an elevation of 297 feet (91 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 7/25 with a turf surface measuring 2,434 by 50 feet (742 x 15 m).
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2022, the airport had 3,600 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 69 per week. At that time there were 12 aircraft based at this airport, all single-engine.
# Malik caste

The Malik (Urdu: ملک) are ethnic community found in Pakistan.
# Yan District

Yan is a district in Kedah, Malaysia. It is bordered by Kota Setar District to the north, Pendang District to the northeast and Kuala Muda District to the south. Yan District is along the coast of the Straits of Malacca. It is the smallest municipality in Kedah.
"Yan Besar" is the administrative town of Yan district, complete with administrative facilities such like Police Stations, magistrate court, district and land office. Its lifestyle is laid-back and slow-paced, with weekend attractions of natural waterfalls nearby. It also attract most pensioners to build their dream house for pleasant retirement or nurture some local fruit orchards. The waterfalls derived from the Mount Jerai are known as Seri Perigi, Tangga Kenari/Titi Hayun, Batu Hampar and Puteri Mandi.
It is also famous for Mount Jerai, which is the tallest peak in Kedah at 1242 metres (3,235 ft) and is easily accessible from the town. Visitors can climb by stairs to the peak of Mount Jerai via Titi Hayun.
Pulau Bunting Bridge is a bridge that connects Pulau Bunting to Yan district. It is the only bridge connecting an island in Kedah.

## Etymology

The name of the district is said to come from the Siamese language which means hentam or pukul ("to hit, to strike") in Malay. There is also a source, handed down by the original inhabitants of the district, which states that the name Yan comes from the end of the word "Sendayan", a type of plant that was abundant here in the past.

## History

Yan District was officially opened in 1904 and was administered by a nobleman named Syed Othman Al-Qadri. The Sultan of Kedah granted him the Yan district to carry out the duties of collecting taxes and administering the district. When British rule began in 1909, Yan District was officially created and the first District Officer was appointed, Tengku Mansor ibni Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah. The main duties of the District Officer at that time were to manage the administration, act as magistrates for minor offences and collect taxes.

## Administrative divisions

Yan is divided into 5 mukims, which are:
* Dulang
* Sala Besar
* Singkir
* Sungai Daun
* Yan

## Attractions

* Mount Jerai
* Murni Beach
* Titi Hayun Recreational Forest (Hutan Lipur Titi Hayun)
* Seri Perigi Recreational Forest (Hutan Lipur Seri Perigi)
* Mandi Puteri Waterfall
* Tangga Kenari (Kenari Stairs)

## People from Yan

* Abdullah Hussain – novelist and writer.
* Abdul Rahman Hashim – deceased Inspector General of Police.

## Federal Parliament and State Assembly seats

List of Yan district representatives in the Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat)
List of Yan district representatives in the State Legislative Assembly (Dewan Undangan Negeri)