# Paleobiota of Monte Bolca

The Eocene-aged Monte Bolca fossil site near Verona, Italy was one of the first lagerstatte to be discovered to science, and still has one of the most prominent vertebrate faunas of all Cenozoic lagerstatte. It has the highest fish diversity of all known Cenozoic fossil sites, with many fossils having extremely detailed preservation. In addition, a very high diversity of marine invertebrates & land plants and a small number of land vertebrates are also known.
The Monte Bolca complex comprises two major marine limestone localities, the Pesciara (where fossils are found in caves) and the Monte Postale site (where fossils are directly quarried). The Pesciara is thought to represent a marine structural basin dominated by planktivorous fish, with an anoxic environment at the bottom that led to excellent preservation of fossils. Meanwhile, the Monte Postale site is thought to represent a turbid coastal area surrounded by mangroves, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs, with poorer fossil preservation. In addition, a few small, slightly younger lignitic sites that preserve a Messel Formation-esque freshwater or brackish habitat are known nearby, which are the Purga di Bolca and Vegroni sites. These sites preserve terrestrial reptiles, freshwater plants, and freshwater/terrestrial mollusks, which are otherwise rare to absent from the complex.

## Cartilaginous fishes

Based on Marrama et al, 2021:

### Chimaeras

Chimaeras reported from Monte Bolca :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Ischyodus | I. sp. | Monte Postale | A relative of plough-nosed chimaeras, known from a single dorsal spine. | I. quenstedti, a related species |

### Sharks

Sharks reported from Monte Bolca :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Brachycarcharias | B. lerichei | Pesciara | A sand shark. |
| Eogaleus | E. bolcensis | Pesciara & Monte Postale | A requiem shark. |
| Galeorhinus | G. cuvieri | Pesciara & Monte Postale | A relative of the school shark. |
An alleged specimen from Bolca of the otherwise Cretaceous shark Mesiteia emiliae has been found to actually originate from the Sannine Formation of Lebanon.

### Rays

Chondrichthyans reported from Monte Bolca :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Arechia | A. crassicaudata | Monte Postale | A stingaree. |
| Dasyomyliobatis | D. thomyorkei | Pesciara | A dasyomyliobatid stingray. |
| Eoplatyrhina | E. bolcensis | Monte Postale | A thornback ray. |
| Eorhinobatos | E. primaevus | Pesciara | A guitarfish. |
| Lessiniabatis | L. aenigmatica | Pesciara | A bizarre stingray of uncertain affinities. |
| Plesiozanobatus | P. egertoni | Pesciara | A relative of panrays. |
| Promyliobatis | P. gazolai | Pesciara | A potential eagle ray. |
| Pseudorhinobatos | P. dezignii | Monte Postale | A guitarfish. |
| Tethytrygon | T. muricatus | Pesciara | A whiptail stingray. |
| Titanonarke | T. megapterygia | Monte Postale | An electric ray. |
| Titanonarke | T. molini | Monte Postale | An electric ray. |

## Ray-finned fishes

Primarily based on Papazzoni et al. 2014, with more recent taxa also added. Taxonomic order and arrangement based on Fishes of the World (2016):

### Pycnodontiformes

| Genus | Species | Notes | Images |
| Abdobalistum | A. thyrsus | A nursalliine pycnodont. | |
| Nursallia | N. veronae | A nursalliine pycnodont. | |
| Palaeobalistum | P. orbiculatum | A nursalliine pycnodont. | P. goedeli, a related species |
| Pycnodus | P. apodus | A pycnodontine pycnodont. | |

### Crossognathiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Platinx | P. macropterus | | A pachyrhizodontid, the last crossognathiform. | |

### Osteoglossiformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Foreyichthys | F. bolcensis | A bonytongue. |
| Monopteros | M. gigas | A bonytongue. |
| Thrissopterus | T. catullii | A bonytongue, related to the arapaima. |

### Anguilliformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Anguilloides | A. branchiostegalis | An angulloidid eel. |
| Bolcanguilla | B. brachycephala | An eel of uncertain affinities |
| Bolcyrus | B. bajai | A conger eel. |
| Bolcyrus | B. formosissimus | A conger eel. |
| Dalpiazella | D. brevicauda | A paranguillid eel. |
| Eoanguilla | E. leptoptera | An anguillid eel. |
| Gazolapodus | G. homopterus | An eel of uncertain affinities. |
| Goslinophis | G. acuticaudus | A snake-eel. |
| Milananguilla | M. lehmani | A milanguillid eel. |
| Paracongroides | P. heckeli | A conger eel. |
| Paranguilla | P. tigrina | A paranguillid eel. |
| Patavichthys | P. bolcensis | A patavichthyid eel. |
| Proteomyrus | P. ventralis | A proteomyrid eel. |
| Voltaconger | V. latispinus | A conger eel. |
| Whitapodus | W. breviculus | A false moray. |

### Clupeiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Bolcaichthys | B. catopygopterus | Pesciara & Monte Postale | A true herring. The most common fish of the formation. |
| Eoalosa | E. janvieri | Pesciara | A shad. |
| Eoengraulis | E. fasoloi | Pesciara | An anchovy. |
| Trollichthys | T. bolcensis | Pesciara | A round herring. |

### Ellimmichthyiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Eoellimmichthys | E. superstes | Pesciara | A paraclupeid, the last marine ellimmichthyiform. | |

### Gonorynchiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Chanos | C. forcipatus | | A milkfish. | C. chanos, a related species |
| Coelogaster | C. leptostea | | A relative of the milkfish. | |

### Otophysi

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Chanoides | C. macropoma | | A stem-otophysan. | |

### Aulopiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Holosteus | H. esocinus | | A barracudina. | |

### Lampriformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| “Pegasus” | P. volans | Initially placed as a seamoth, but now considered a taenosome lampriform. |
| Veronavelifer | V. sorbinii | A sailfin velifer. |
| Wettonius | W. angeloi | A sailfin velifer. (=Velifer carosii) |

### Zeiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Bajaichthys | B. elegans | | A zeiform (initially considered a lamprimorph) | |

### Holocentriformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Berybolcensis | B. leptacanthus | A basal holocentrid. |
| Eoholocentrum | E. macrocephalum | A soldierfish. |
| Tenuicentrum | T. lanceolatum | A basal holocentrid. |

### Ophidiiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| "Ophidium" | "O." voltianum | | A cusk-eel. | |

### Kurtiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Apogoniscus | A. pauciradiatus | | A cardinalfish. |
| Bolcapogon | B. johnsoni | | A cardinalfish. |
| Eoapogon | E. fraseri | | A cardinalfish. |
| Eosphaeramia | E. pygopterus | | A cardinalfish. |
| Leptolumamia | L. vetula | Monte Postale | A cardinalfish. |

### Gobiiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Carlomonnius | C. quasigobius | | A gobioid of uncertain affinities. | |

### Ovalentaria

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Lorenzichthys | L. olihan | A damselfish. |
| Palaeopomacentrus | P. orphae | A damselfish. |
| Sorbinichromis | S. francescoi | A damselfish. |

### Atheriniformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| "Atherina" | "A." macrocephala | An Old World silverside. |
| Latellagnathus | L. teruzzii | A mesogasterid. |
| Mesogaster | M. sphyraenoides | A mesogasterid. |
| Rhamphognathus | R. paralepoides | A rhamphognathid. |

### Beloniformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| “Engraulis” | E. evolans | A flying fish. |
| Hemiramphus | H. edwardsi | A halfbeak. |
| Rhamphexocoetus | R. volans | A flying fish. |

### Carangiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Ceratoichthys | C. pinnatiformis | | A bizarre carangid. |
| Ductor | D. vesternae | | A ductorid. |
| Eastmanalepes | E. primaevus | | A carangid. |
| Lichia | L. veronensis | | A relative of the leerfish. |
| Mene | M. oblonga | | A moonfish. |
| Mene | M. rhombea | | A moonfish. |
| Paratrachinotus | P. tenuiceps | | A carangid. |
| Seriola | S. prisca | | A relative of amberjacks. |
| Trachicaranx | T. pleuronectiformis | | A carangid. |
| Vomeropsis | V. triurus | | A carangid. |
| Zorzinia | Z. postalensis | Monte Postale | A medusafish. |

### Istiophoriformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Blochius | B. longirostris | A blochiid billfish. |
| Blochius | B. macropterus | A blochiid billfish. |
| Palaeorhynchus | P. zorzini | A palaeorhynchid billfish. |
| Sphyraena | S. bolcensis | A barracuda. |

### Pleuronectiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Amphistium | A. paradoxum | Pesciara | An amphistiid flatfish. |
| Eobothus | E. minutus | Pesciara | A flatfish of uncertain affinities. |
| Heteronectes | H. chaneti | Monte Postale | A potentially amphistiid flatfish. |

### Syngnathiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Aeoliscoides | A. longirostris | | A shrimpfish. |
| Aulorhamphus | A. bolcensis | | An aulorhamphid. |
| Aulorhamphus | A. capellinii | | An aulorhamphid. |
| Aulorhamphus | A. chiarasorbiniae | | An aulorhamphid. |
| Aulostomoides | A. tyleri | | An indeterminate aulostomoid. |
| Calamostoma | C. breviculum | | A relative of the ghost pipefish. |
| Eoaulostomus | E. bolcensis | | A relative of the trumpetfish. |
| Eoaulostomus | E. gracilis | | A relative of the trumpetfish. |
| Fistularioides | F. phyllolepis | | A fistularioidid. |
| Fistularioides | F. veronensis | | A fistularioidid. |
| Jungersenichthys | J. elongatus | | A relative of the trumpetfish. |
| Macraulostomus | M. veronensis | | A relative of the trumpetfish. |
| Paraeoliscus | P. robinetae | | A paraeoliscid. |
| Paramphisile | P. weleri | | A shrimpfish. |
| Parasynarcualis | P. longirostris | | A parasynarcualid. |
| Pesciarhamphus | P. carnevalei | | An aulorhamphid. |
| Prosolenostomus | P. lessinii | | A pipefish. |
| Pseudosyngnathus | P. opisthopterus | | A fistularioidid. |
| Pterygocephalus | P. paradoxus | | A relative of the flying gurnards. |
| Rhamphosus | R. biserratus | Pesciara | A rhamphosid. |
| Rhamphosus | R. bloti | Pesciara | A rhamphosid. |
| Rhamphosus | R. brevirostris | Pesciara | A rhamphosid. |
| Rhamphosus | R. longispinatus | Pesciara | A rhamphosid. |
| Rhamphosus | R. rastrum | Pesciara | A rhamphosid. |
| Rhamphosus | R. tubulirostris | Pesciara | A rhamphosid. |
| Solenorhynchus | S. elegans | | A relative of the ghost pipefish. |
| "Syngnathus" | "S." bolcensis | | A pipefish. |
| "Syngnathus" | "S." heckeli | | A pipefish. |
| Synhypuralis | S. banisteri | | A relative of the trumpetfish. |
| Synhypuralis | S. jungerseni | | A relative of the trumpetfish. |
| Tyleria | T. necopinata | | A relative of the trumpetfish. |
| Urosphen | U. dubius | | A urosphenid. |
| Veronarhamphus | V. canossae | | An aulorhamphid. |

### Callionymiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Gilmourella | G. minuta | Pesciara | A callonymoid. | |

### Scombriformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Auxides | A. propterygius | A scombrid. |
| Godsilia | G. lanceolata | A scombrid. |
| Pseudauxides | P. speciosus | A scombrid. |
| Thunnoscomberoides | T. bolcensis | A scombrid. |
| Veronaphleges | V. brunae | A euzaphlegid. |

### Labriformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Bellwoodilabrus | B. landinii | | A wrasse. |
| Eocoris | E. bloti | | A wrasse. |
| "Labrus" | "L." merula (="L." valenciennesi) | | A labroid of uncertain affinities. |
| Labrobolcus | L. giorgioi | Pesciara | A wrasse. |
| Paralabrus | P. rossiae | Pesciara | A presumed wrasse. |
| Phyllopharyngodon | P. longipinnis | | A wrasse related to hogfish and tuskfishes. |
| Sorbinia | S. caudopunctata | | A labroid of uncertain affinities. |
| Zorzinilabrus | Z. furcatus | Pesciara | A wrasse. |

### Perciformes

Using the sensu lato definition of Perciformes and Percoidei:
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Acanthopygaeus | A. agassizi | | A relative of rabbitfish. |
| Acropoma | A. lepidotum | | A lanternbelly. |
| Aspesiganus | A. margaritae | | A relative of rabbitfish. |
| Aspesiperca | A. ruffoi | | Possibly a mojarra. |
| Bassanichthys | B. pesciaraensis | Pesciara | An eocottid. |
| Blotichthys | B. coleanus | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Bolcaperca | B. craccorum | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Bradyurus | B. alessandroi | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Bradyurus | B. szainochae | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Callipteryx | C. speciosus | | A callipterygid. |
| Carangodes | C. bicornis | | A carangodid. |
| Carangopsis | C. brevis | | A relative of bluefish. |
| Carangopsis | C. dorsalis | | A relative of bluefish. |
| Cyclopoma | C. gigas | | Either a temperate perch or a relative of snooks. |
| Eocottus | E. veronensis | | An eocottid. |
| Eolates | E. gracilis | | A lates perch. |
| Eoleiognathus | E. dorsalis | | A ponyfish. |
| Eoscatophagus | E. frontalis | | A scat. |
| Exellia | E. velifer | | An exellid. |
| Frigoichthys | F. margaritae | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Frippia | F. labriformis | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Gillidia | G. antiqua | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Goujetia | G. crassispina | | A snapper. |
| Hendrixella | H. grandei | | A robertanniid. |
| Jimtylerius | J. temnopterus | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Latellopsis | L. latellai | | A perciform of uncertain affinities. |
| Lessinia | L. horrenda | | A snapper. |
| Lessinia | L. sp. | | A snapper. |
| Malacopygaeus | M. oblongus | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Montepostalia | M. annamariae | Monte Postale | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Ottaviania | O. leptacanthus | | A snapper. |
| Ottaviania | O. mariae | | A snapper. |
| Parapelates | P. quindecimalis | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Pavarottia | P. astescalpone | Monte Postale | A pavarottiid. |
| Pavarottia | P. lonardonii | Monte Postale | A pavarottiid. |
| Pavarottia | P. maiseyi | Pesciara | A pavarottiid. |
| Pristigenys | P. substriatus | | A bigeye. |
| Psettopsis | P. subarcuatus | | A moonyfish. |
| Pygaeus | P. bolcanus | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Pygaeus | P. nobilis | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Pygaeus | P. nuchalis | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Quasimullus | Q. sorbinii | | A quasimullid. |
| Robertannia | R. sorbiniorum | | A robertanniid. |
| Ruffoichthys | R. bannikovi | | A relative of rabbitfish. |
| Ruffoichthys | R. spinosus | | A relative of rabbitfish. |
| Squamibolcoides | S. minciottii | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Stefanichthys | S. mariannae | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Veranichthys | V. ventralis | | A snapper. |
| Veronabrax | V. schizurus | | A percoid of uncertain affinities. |
| Zaiaichthys | Z. postalensis | | A moonyfish. |
| Zaiaichthys | Z. wattersi | | A moonyfish. |

### Scorpaeniformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Scorpaenoidei indet. | | Monte Postale | A scorpionfish of uncertain affinities. | |

### Moroniformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Archaephippus | A. asper | | A spadefish. | |
| Eoplatax | E. papilio | | A spadefish. | |

### Acanthuriformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Acanthonemus | A. subaureus | | An acanthonemid. |
| Acanthuroides | A. massalongoi | | A surgeonfish. |
| Angiolinia | A. mirabilis | Pesciara | A zanclid. |
| Eorandallius | E. elegans | | A surgeonfish. |
| Eorandallius | E. rectifrons | | A surgeonfish. |
| Eozanclus | E. brevirostris | | A zanclid. |
| Frigosorbinia | F. baldwinae | | A surgeonfish. |
| Gazolaichthys | G. vestenanovae | | A surgeonfish. |
| Lehmanichthys | L. lessiniensis | | A surgeonfish. |
| Massalongius | M. gazolai | | A massalongiid. |
| Metacanthurus | M. veronensis | | A surgeonfish. |
| Metaspisurus | M. emmanueli | | A surgeonfish. |
| Padovathurus | P. gaudryi | | A surgeonfish. |
| Pesciarichthys | P. punctatus | | A surgeonfish. |
| Proacanthurus | P. bonatoi | | A surgeonfish. |
| Proacanthurus | P. elongatus | | A surgeonfish. |
| Proacanthurus | P. ovalis | | A surgeonfish. |
| Proacanthurus | P. tenuis | | A surgeonfish. |
| Protozebrasoma | P. bloti | | A surgeonfish. |
| Sorbinithurus | S. sorbinii | | A surgeonfish. |
| Tauichthys | T. aspesae | | A surgeonfish. |
| Tauichthys | T. padremenini | | A surgeonfish. |
| Tylerichthys | T. milani | | A surgeonfish. |
| Tylerichthys | T. nuchalis | | A surgeonfish. |

### Spariformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Abromasta | A. microdon | A seabream. |
| "Dentex" | "D." microdon | A seabream, "D." ventralis is a nomen dubium. |
| "Dentex" | "D." ventralis | A seabream, "D." ventralis is a nomen dubium. |
| Ellaserrata | E. monksi | A seabream. |
| Pseudosparnodus | P. microstomus | A seabream. |
| Sparnodus | S. elongatus | A seabream. |
| Sparnodus | S. vulgaris | A seabream. |

### Caproiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Eoantigonia | E. veronensis | | A boarfish. | |

### Lophiiformes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Caruso | C. brachysomus | | A goosefish. |
| Eophryne | E. barbutii | | A frogfish. |
| Histionotophorus | H. bassanii | | A handfish. |
| Neilpeartia | N. ceratoi | Pesciara | A frogfish. |
| Orrichthys | O. longimanus | | A handfish. |
| Sharfia | S. mirabilis | | A goosefish. |
| Tarkus | T. squirei | | A batfish. |

### Tetraodontiformes

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Bolcabalistes | B. varii | A bolcabalistid. |
| Eolactoria | E. sorbinii | A boxfish. |
| Eoplectus | E. bloti | An eoplectid. |
| Eotetraodon | E. pygmaeus | A pufferfish. |
| Eotetraodon | E. tavernei | A pufferfish. |
| Heptadiodon | H. echinus | A porcupinefish. |
| Proaracana | P. dubia | A deepwater boxfish. |
| Prodiodon | P. erinaceus | A porcupinefish. |
| Prodiodon | P. tenuispinus | A porcupinefish. |
| Protacanthodes | P. nimesensis | A triplespine. |
| Protacanthodes | P. ombonii | A triplespine. |
| Protobalistum | P. imperiale | A protobalistid. |
| Spinacanthus | S. cuneiformis | A protobalistid. |
| Zignoichthys | Z. oblongus | A zignoichthyid. |
| Zignodon | Z. fornasieroae | A porcupinefish. |

### Percomorpha incertae sedis

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Acronuroides | A. eocaenicus | Pesciara | An indeterminate percomorph. |
| Anorevus | A. lorenzonii | Pesciara | Possibly a stem-flatfish. |
| Guus | G. microcephalus | Pesciara | A tortonesid (formerly considered a gobioid). |
| Parapygaeus | P. polyacanthus | | An indeterminate percomorph. |
| Pietschellus | P. aenigmaticus | Monte Postale | A pietschellid. |
| Nickcaves | N. pterygocephalus | Monte Postale | A pietschellid. |
| Quasicichla | Q. mucistonaver | | An indeterminate percomorph. |
| Quasinectes | Q. durello | Monte Postale | Possibly a stem-flatfish. |
| Sorbinicapros | S. sorbiniorum | | A sorbinipercid. |
| Sorbiniperca | S. scheuchzeri | | A sorbinipercid. |
| Tortonesia | T. esilis | | A tortonesid. |
| Zorzinichthys | Z. annae | | A zorzinichthyid. |

### Acanthomorpha incertae sedis

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Oncolepis | O. isseli | An acanthomorph of uncertain affinities, possibly a goby. |
| Protoaulopsis | P. bolcensis | An acanthomorph of uncertain affinities. |
| Xiphopterus | X. falcatus | An acanthomorph of uncertain affinities. |

## Reptiles

Based on Seghetti et al, 2022:

### Crocodilia

Crocodilians reported from Monte Bolca :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Asiatosuchus | A. cf. depressifrons | Purga di Bolca | A crocodyloid, previously classified under "Crocodylus vicetinus" |
| Boverisuchus | B. sp. | Purga di Bolca | A planocraniid, previously classified under "C. bolcensis" |
| Hassiacosuchus | H. cf. haupti | Purga di Bolca | An alligatorid, previously classified under "C. vicetinus" |
A record of "C. cf. vicetinus" that is now assigned to Diplocynodon is thought to actually originate from the Oligocene-aged Monteviale site, as opposed to Bolca.

### Testudines

Turtles reported from Monte Bolca :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Neochelys | N. capellinii | Purga di Bolca | A podocnemidid turtle. | N. franzeni, a related species |
| "Trionyx" | "T". capellinii | Purga di Bolca | A softshell turtle. | |

### Squamata

Squamates reported from Monte Bolca :
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Anomalophis | A. bolcensis | Pesciara | An anomalophiid snake. |
| Archaeophis | A. proavus | Pesciara | A palaeophiid snake. |
| "Coluber" | "C." ombonii | Purga di Bolca | A snake of uncertain affinities. |

## Brachiopoda

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| "Terebratula” | "T." fumanensis | Pesciara | A terebratulid. | |

## Mollusca
### Bivalvia

| Genus | Species | Presence |
| Anomia | A. sp. | |
| Arcopagia | A. erycinoides | Monte Postale |
| Crassostrea | C. sparnacensis | Monte Postale |
| Divalinga | D. sp | Monte Postale |
| Fimbria | F. lamellosa | Monte Postale |
| Fimbria | F. major | Monte Postale |
| Granocardium | G. sp. | Monte Postale |
| Katelysia | K. texta | Monte Postale |
| Lima | L. cf. papillifera | |
| Meiocardia | M. carinata | Monte Postale |
| Modiola | M. postalensis | Monte Postale |
| Monitilora | M. elegans | |
| Orthocardium | O. gratum | Monte Postale |
| Pitar | P. lunularia | Monte Postale |
| Pitar | P. parisiensis | Monte Postale |
| Pseudomiltha | P. escheri | Monte Postale |
| Pseudomiltha | P. gigantea | Monte Postale |
| Spondylus | S. radula | Monte Postale |
| Tellina | T. biangularis | Monte Postale |
| Tellina | T. scalaroides | Monte Postale |
| Tellina | T. sp. | Monte Postale |
| Venerella | V. secunda | Monte Postale |

### Gastropoda

Based on:
| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Acteon | A. subinflatus | Monte Postale | |
| Ampullina | A. hybrida | Monte Postale | |
| Ampullina | A. vulcani | Monte Postale | |
| Archicypraea | A. lioyi | Monte Postale | |
| Architectonica | A. bistriata | Monte Postale | |
| Bellatara | B. palaeochroma | Monte Postale | |
| Bezanconia | B. pyrenaica | Monte Postale | |
| Calliostoma | C. raffaelei | Monte Postale | |
| Calliostoma | C. mayeri | Monte Postale | |
| Campanile | C. vicetinum | Monte Postale | |
| Cassis | C. postalensis | Monte Postale | |
| Cepatia | C. cepacea | Monte Postale | |
| Cerithium | C. chaperi | Monte Postale | |
| Cerithium | C. fabani | Monte Postale | |
| Clanculus | C. zignoi | Monte Postale | |
| Clavilithes | C. rugosus | Monte Postale | |
| Cryptoconus | C. priscus | Monte Postale | |
| Cypraedia | C. elegans | Monte Postale | |
| Cypraedia | C. interposita | Monte Postale | |
| Cypraeglobina | C. praegnans | Monte Postale | |
| Dentellocaracolus | D. damnatus | Purga di Bolca | A helicid land snail. |
| Dialopsis | D. incompleta | | |
| Digitolabrum | D. princeps | Monte Postale | |
| “Drupa” | "D." crossei | Monte Postale | |
| Hemiconus | H. incomptus | Monte Postale | |
| Hippeutis | H. muzzolonicus | Purga di Bolca | A freshwater ramshorn snail. |
| Hipponix | H. cornucopiae | Monte Postale | |
| Homalopoma | H. minimum | Monte Postale | |
| Leptoconus | L. deperditus | Monte Postale | |
| Leucodiscus | L. helicinoides | Monte Postale | |
| Liocarenus | L. hilarionis | Monte Postale | |
| Littoraria | L. postalensis | Monte Postale | |
| Melanopsis | M. vicetina | Purga di Bolca | An estuarine melanopsid snail. |
| “Melongena” | "M." robusta | Monte Postale | |
| Neritopsis | N. agassizi | Monte Postale | |
| Pachycrommium | P. circumfossa | Monte Postale | |
| "Patella" | "P." boreani | Monte Postale | |
| Procyclotopsis | P. obtusicosta | Purga di Bolca | A pomatiid land snail. |
| Pseudamaura | P. circunfossa | Monte Postale | |
| Pseudobellardia | P. auriculata | Monte Postale | |
| Pseudobellardia | P. gomphoceras | Monte Postale | |
| Pseudovertagus | P. striatus | Monte Postale | |
| Ptychocerithium | P. lamellosum | Monte Postale | |
| Pyrazopsis | P. pentagonatus | Monte Postale | |
| Semiterebellum | S. postalensis | Monte Postale | |
| Seraphs | S. convolutum | Monte Postale | |
| Tenagodus | T. sp | Monte Postale | |
| Tympanotonos | T. tristriatus | Monte Postale | |
| Velates | V. schmidelianus | Monte Postale | |
| Vermicularia | V. biangulatus | Monte Postale | |
| Vicetia | V. hantkeni | Monte Postale | |
| Voluta | V. musicalis | Monte Postale | |

### Cephalopoda

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Aturia | A. ziczac | | A nautiloid. | A related species. |
| Bolcaoctopus | B. pesciaraensis | Pesciara | An octopodid octopus with preserved imprints (formerly referred to as "Teuthida" indet.). | |
| Spirulirostra | S. georgii | Pesciara | A spirulid, known from a partial phragmocone. | |

## Annelida

| Genus | Species | Notes |
| Eunicites | E. affinis | A eunicid bristleworm. |
| Eunicites | E. gazolae | A eunicid bristleworm. |
| Eunicites | E. pinnai | A eunicid bristleworm. |
| Hirudinea indet. | | A leech. |
| Siphonostomites | S. hesionoides | A bristleworm of uncertain affinities. |
The genus Sthenelaites, formerly interpreted as a bristleworm, is now thought to represent a fossilized green algae in the Dasycladaceae.

## Arthropods
### Arachnida

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Eoeuscorpius | E. ceratoi | Pesciara | A scorpion, possibly a euscorpiid. | |
| Pseudoscorpiones indet. | | Pesciara | A possible pseudoscorpion. | |

### Crustacea

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Archaeocypoda | A. veronensis | Pesciara | A dorippid crab. |
| Bolcacalliax | B. eocaenica | Pesciara | A callianassid shrimp. |
| Enoplonotus | E. armatus | Pesciara | A swimmer crab. |
| Eolinurus | E. desmaresti | Pesciara | A spiny lobster. |
| Eotrachynotocarcinus | E. airaghii | Pesciara | A dromiacean crab. |
| Heterosphaeroma | H. veronensis | | A sphaeromatid isopod. |
| Justitia | J. confusa | Pesciara | A spiny lobster. |
| Justitia | J. sp. | Monte Postale | A spiny lobster. |
| Lessinoachela | L. scaligera | Pesciara | An achelate crustacean of uncertain affinities. |
| Lophopanopeus | L. bolcensis | Pesciara | A mud crab. |
| Lophoranina | L. maxima | Pesciara & Monte Postale | A frog crab. |
| Lysiosquilla | L. antiqua | | A mantis shrimp. |
| ?"Macropipus" | "M." ovalipes | Pesciara | A crab of uncertain affinities. |
| Majoidea indet. | | Monte Postale | A majoid crab. |
| Palaega | P. acuticauda | | A cirolanid isopod. |
| ?Parsacus | ?P. cristatus | Pesciara | A slipper lobster. |
| Penaeus | P. bolcensis | Pesciara | A penaeid prawn. |
| Penaeus | ?P. obtusus | Pesciara | A penaeid prawn. |
| ?Pseudobombur | ?P. nummuliticus | Pesciara | A penaeid prawn. |
| Pseudosquilla | P. lessinea | | A mantis shrimp. |
| Scyllarides | S. bolcensis | Monte Postale | A slipper lobster. |
| Sphaeroma | S. sp. | | A sphaeromatid isopod. |

### Insecta
#### Odonata

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Bolcacordulia | B. paradoxa | Pesciara | A bolcacorduliid dragonfly. |
| Bolcathemis | B. nervosa | Pesciara | A palaeomacromiid dragonfly. |
| Bolcathore | B. colorata | Pesciara | A bolcathorid damselfly. |

#### Orthoptera

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Pterotriamescaptor | P. tridactylina | Pesciara | A mole cricket. | |

#### Hemiptera

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Halobates | H. ruffoi | Pesciara | A sea skater, the earliest known from the fossil record. | H. matsumurai, a modern species |

#### Diptera

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Bibio | B. sereri | Pesciara | A march fly. | B. hortulanus, a modern species. |
| Dipterites | D. angelinii | Pesciara | A brachyceran fly. | |
| Gnophomyia | G. gentilinii | Pesciara | A limoniid crane fly. | G. tristissima, a modern species |
| Gonomyia | G. sp. | Pesciara | A limoniid crane fly. | G. alexanderi, a modern species |
| Tipulidae indet. | | Pesciara | A tipulid crane fly. | |

## Cnidaria

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes | Images |
| Simplicibrachia | S. bolcensis | Pesciara | A rhizostomid jellyfish. | |

## Fungi

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| "Deuteromycetes" indet. | | Vegroni | A fungus on the leaf of Latanites. |
| "Discomycetes" indet. | | Vegroni | A fungus on the leaf of Latanites. |
| Pyrenomycetes indet. | | Vegroni | A fungus on the leaf of Latanites. |
| Sphaerites | S. eugeniophilus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A fungus on the leaf of Eugeniae laurifoliae |
| Spilosphaerites | S. priscus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A fungus on the leaf of Eugeniae laurifoliae |

## Plantae

Based on Massalongo (1859), though many taxa are form taxa, highly dubious or nomina nuda, and/or use outdated taxonomy:

### Red algae

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Amansites | A. prionomorphus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Ceramites | C. codioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a ceramiale. |
| Ceramites | C. floccosa | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a ceramiale. |
| Ceramites | C. parasitica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a ceramiale. |
| Ceramites | C. pectinata | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a ceramiale. |
| Ceramites | C. sciuroides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a ceramiale. |
| Ceramites | C. sphacelarioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a ceramiale. |
| Chondrites | C. dasyphyllus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Chondrites | C. dichotomus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Chondrites | C. pollinianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Chondrites | C. rytiphloeoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Chondrites | C. tenuissimus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. bolcensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. calophyllus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. dimidiatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. heckelianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. pinnatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. podocarpiphyllus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. manganottii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. sessilis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Delesserites | D. ovatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Melobesites | M. membranacea | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly coralline alga. |
| Pterigophycos | P. canossae | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red algae, possibly a florideophycean, highly variable in leaf shape, indicating that there may not be multiple species. |
| Pterigophycos | P. gazolanus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red algae, possibly a florideophycean, highly variable in leaf shape, indicating that there may not be multiple species. |
| Pterigophycos | P. pinnatifidus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red algae, possibly a florideophycean, highly variable in leaf shape, indicating that there may not be multiple species. |
| Pterigophycos | P. spectabilis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red algae, possibly a florideophycean, highly variable in leaf shape, indicating that there may not be multiple species. |
| Sphaerococcites | S. dendroides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |
| Sphaerococcites | ?S. fastigiatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A red alga, possibly a florideophycean. |

### Green algae

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Aristophycos | A. aghardianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An green alga. |
| Caulerpites | C. araucaria | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An green alga. |
| Nemalionites | N. cristatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An green alga. |
| Nemalionites | N. limacoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An green alga. |

### Pteridophytes

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Asplenites | A. rhadamanti | Vegroni | A fern. |
| Cystorrhiza | C. pillularioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A marsilacean fern. |
| Fortisia | F. renieriana | Vegroni | A fern. |

### Gymnosperms

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Podocarpus | P. affinis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A podocarpacean conifer. |
| Podocarpus | P. bolcensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A podocarpacean conifer. |
| Podocarpus | P. incisa | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A podocarpacean conifer. |
| Podocarpus | P. scolecophylla | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A podocarpacean conifer. |
| Podocarpus | P. surianoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A podocarpacean conifer. |
| Taxodium | T. jacarandaefolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bald cypress. |

### Angiosperms
#### Monocots

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Albucastrum | A. perianthioideum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A liliacean. |
| Apludophyton | A. cucubaloides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A grass. |
| Apludophyton | A. scleroides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A grass. |
| Arundinites | A. dracenophylla | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A grass. |
| Bromelianthus | B. heuflerianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent bromeliad, but taxonomic assignment disputed. |
| Castellinia | C. ambigua | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Castellinia | C. compressa | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Castellinia | C. elliptica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Castellinia | ?C. incurva | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Castellinia | C. macrocarpa | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Castellinia | ?C. subrotunda | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Caulinites | C. divaricatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Caulinites | C. equisetimorphus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Crinanthus | C. fenzlianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A liliacean. |
| Cyperites | C. bolcensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A sedge. |
| Cyperites | C. eocenus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A sedge. |
| Geonomites | G. saturnia | Vegroni | A palm leaf. |
| Halochloris | H. castelliniana | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. cymodoceoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. fluitans | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. meneghinii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. stolonifera | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. striata | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. subsecunda | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. ungeri | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Halochloris | H. veronensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |
| Latanites | L. brocchiana | Vegroni | A palm, whole trees sometimes preserved. |
| Latanites | L. galilejana | Vegroni | A palm, whole trees sometimes preserved. |
| Latanites | L. parvula | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm, whole trees sometimes preserved. |
| Latanites | L. pinnata | Vegroni | A palm, whole trees sometimes preserved. |
| Latanites | L. praticinensis | Vegroni & Purga di Bolca | A palm, whole trees sometimes preserved. |
| Latanites | L. vegronum | Vegroni | A palm, whole trees sometimes preserved. |
| Musophyllum | M. italicum | Vegroni | A potential banana relative. |
| Palaeorchis | P. rhizoma | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An orchid. |
| Palaeospathe | P. elliptica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Palaeospathe | P. lata | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm fruit. |
| Palmacites | P. neocaenus | Vegroni | A palm. |
| Phoenicites | P. danteana | Vegroni | A palm leaf. |
| Phoenicites | P. veronensis | Vegroni | A palm leaf. |
| Phoenicites | P. wettinioides | Vegroni | A palm leaf. |
| Poacites | P. juncoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A grass. |
| Posidocea | P. frickhingeri | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A posidoniacean seagrass. Taxonomy affinity uncertain, as floral structures differ from those of Posidonia. |
| Protorchis | P. monorchis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An orchid. |
| Ruppia | R. aristata | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A wigeongrass. |
| ?Smilacites | ?S. lancea | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A smilacean. |
| "Thecophyllum" | T. flabellatum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A palm. |
| Stratiotes (=Folliculites) | S. kaltennordheimensis | Purga di Bolca | A water-soldier (formerly considered a potential casuarinacean) |
| Typhaeloipum | T. spadae | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A cattail relative. |
| Zannichelliopsis | Z. repens | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A seagrass. |

#### "Dicots"

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Acacia | A. buellana | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential acacia. |
| Acacia | A. eugenioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential acacia. |
| Acacia | A. primordialis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential acacia. |
| Ampelophyllum | A. bolcense | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Vitaceae. |
| Ampelophyllum | A. noeticum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Vitaceae. |
| Ampelophyllum | A. voltianum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Vitaceae. |
| Anadenia | A. italica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent grevillea. |
| Anadenia | A. pighiana | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent grevillea. |
| Apocynophyllum | A. bozzianum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Apocynaceae. |
| Apocynophyllum | A. oligocaenum | Vegroni | A potential Apocynaceae. |
| Apocynophyllum | A. terminaliaefolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Apocynaceae. |
| Andromeda | A. biloba | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Andromeda | A. cincinnati | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Andromeda | A. latina | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Andromeda | A. palaeogaea | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Andromeda | A. santalina | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Andromeda | A. stillingioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Andromeda | A. tromodophylla | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Andromeda | A. visianii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A relative of the bog-rosemary. |
| Aralia | A. primaeva | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A spikenard. |
| Aralianthea | A. brogniartii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential spikenard. |
| Aralianthea | A. laurina | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential spikenard. |
| Aralianthea | A. zizioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential spikenard. |
| Banksia | B. longifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent banksia. |
| ?Berberis | ?B. prisca | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential barberry. |
| Bignonia | B. boroniaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bignonia. |
| Bignonia | B. limoniaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bignonia. |
| Bignonia | B. moringaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bignonia. |
| Bubulcia | B. alismantha | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Zygophyllaceae. |
| Bubulcia | B. globifera | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Zygophyllaceae. |
| Bumelia | B. buxioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bully tree. |
| Bumelia | B. calceolarii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bully tree. |
| Bumelia | B. clusiaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bully tree. |
| Bumelia | B. cuneifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bully tree. |
| Caesalpinia | C. eocenica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Calligonopsis | C. pallasioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A knotweed. |
| Calligonopsis | C. strumphsioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A knotweed. |
| Cassia | C. enervis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Ceanothus | C. cornifolius | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A ceanothus. |
| Celastrophyllum | C. gaudinianum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Celastraceae. |
| Celastrophyllum | C. oleaefolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Celastraceae. |
| Celastrus | C. nitrariaefolius | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential staff vine. |
| Celastrus | C. scandentifolius | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential staff vine. |
| Ceratophyllum | C. cuspidatum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A coontail. |
| Cinnamomum | C. antiquum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A cinnamon. |
| Cinnamomum | C. veronense | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A cinnamon. |
| Coccolobites | C. morindioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Polygonaceae. |
| Crataegus | C. moscardianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential hawthorn. |
| Cucubalites | ?C. flagellum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Caryophyllaceae. |
| Cucubalites | C. postalensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Caryophyllaceae. |
| Dombeyopsis | D. affinis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. bixaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. ceanothifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. decipiens | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. deformis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. glandulifera | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. granadilla | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. hibiscifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. incerta | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. kleinhowiaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. populina | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. sublobata | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Dombeyopsis | D. tilioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Drepanocarpus | D. dacampii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Drepanocarpus | D. nummus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Dryandra | D. chironis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent dryandra. |
| Dryandra | D. meneghinii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent dryandra. |
| Dryandra | D. veronensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent dryandra. |
| Eucalyptus | E. aconicophylla | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential eucalypt. |
| Eucalyptus | E. italica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential eucalypt. |
| Eucalyptus | E. rhododendrophylla | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential eucalypt. |
| Eucalyptus | E. targue | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential eucalypt. |
| Eugenia | E. andiraefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A probable Myrtaceae. |
| Eugenia | E. dactylostemoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A probable Myrtaceae. |
| Eugenia | E. laurifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A probable Myrtaceae. |
| Euonymus | E. maytenopsis | Vegroni | A potential Celastraceae. |
| Ficus | F. bolcensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A fig. |
| Ficus | F. coelestis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A fig. |
| Ficus | F. poniana | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A fig. |
| Ficus | F. psichotrioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A fig. |
| Ficus | F. veronensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A fig. |
| Fracastoria | F. anguria | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. citriformis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. citrullus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. clavaeformis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. cucurbitina | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. gastrioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. gigantea | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. lagenaria | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. megapepo | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. melo | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. pomiformis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. pyramidalis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. pyriformis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. rotunda | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Fracastoria | F. zignoana | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Sterculioideae, based on fruits. |
| Gautiera | G. trichoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A wintergreen. |
| Getonia | G. bolcensis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential relative of ukshi. |
| Getonia | G. potentilloides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential relative of ukshi. |
| Glossophium | G. eocenum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent riverweed. |
| Glossophium | G. proliferum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent riverweed. |
| Grewia | G. coccolobaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Tiliaceae. |
| Guajacites | G. berengerii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Zygophyllaceae. |
| Guajacites | G. enervis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Zygophyllaceae. |
| Guajacites | G. heeri | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Zygophyllaceae. |
| Hesperidophyllum | H. citroides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Rutaceae. |
| Hesperidophyllum | H. ettingshauseni | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Rutaceae. |
| Hesperidophyllum | H. scalpellum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Rutaceae. |
| Jacaranda | J. italica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent jacaranda. |
| Jacaranda | J. speciosa | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent jacaranda. |
| Juglans | ?J. costata | Vegroni | A potential walnut. |
| Juglans | J. elaenoides | Vegroni | A potential walnut. |
| Juglans | J. ossilii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential walnut. |
| Juglans | J. sapindacea | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential walnut. |
| Koelreuteria | K. corcorifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Koelreuteria. |
| Koelreuteria | K. maffejana | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Koelreuteria. |
| Leguminosites | L. phaseolus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Leptomeria | L. distans | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A mistletoe. |
| Leptomeria | L. gracilis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A mistletoe. |
| Leptomeria | L. psilotina | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A mistletoe. |
| Maffeia | M. ceratophylloides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential riverweed. |
| Malpighiastrum | M. ambiguum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Malpighiaceae. |
| Malpighiastrum | M. dehaasioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Malpighiaceae. |
| Malpighiastrum | M. hyraeaeoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Malpighiaceae. |
| Manglesia | M. synaphaeaefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent grevillea. |
| Melianthus | M. craccorum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential honey flower. |
| Myrica | M. zig-zag | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A bayberry. |
| Myrtomiophyton | M. stephanophorus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Myrtaceae. |
| ?Nandina | ?N. consolatii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential relative of nandina. |
| Nymphaea | N. arethusae | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A waterlily. |
| Nymphaea | N. cherpica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A waterlily. |
| Omalanthus | O. hekastophylloides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Euphorbiaceae. |
| Palaeolobium | P. alnifolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Palaeolobium | P. brennonicum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Palaeolobium | P. buteaefolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Palaeolobium | P. cedrelaefolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Palaeolobium | P. ficifolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Palaeolobium | P. morindaefolium | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Palaeolobium | P. nervosum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| "Peltophyllum" | P. nelumbioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Cabombaceae. |
| Phyllanthus | P. ceanothoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Phyllanthaceae. |
| Phyllanthus | P. populinus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Phyllanthaceae. |
| Pongamia | P. protogaea | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential relative of the Indian beech. |
| Protea | P. glossa | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent sugarbush. |
| Pterocarpus | P. lestrigonum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Pterocarpus | P. targionii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Pterospermum | P. malpighiaceum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential "Byttneriaceae". |
| Quercus | Q. vegronia | Vegroni | An oak. |
| Santalum | S. memecyloides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A sandalwood. |
| Sapindus | S. goeppertianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A soapberry. |
| Sapindus | S. pristinus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A soapberry. |
| Sapindus | S. scytinophyllus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A soapberry. |
| Sapotacites | S. oleaefolius | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A sapotacean. |
| Sarothrostachys | S. eocenica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A euphorbiacean. |
| Sophora | S. capparifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A legume. |
| Sterculia | S. majae | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential tropical chestnut. |
| Sterculia | S. prisca | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential tropical chestnut. |
| Terminalia | T. perseaefolia | Vegroni | A potential Combretaceae. |
| Trapophyllum | T. europaeum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential relative of water caltrops. |
| Tympanophora | T. bracteosa | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent riverweed. |
| Tympanophora | T. discophora | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent riverweed. |
| Tympanophora | T. turbinata | Pesciara-Monte Postale | An apparent riverweed. |
| Vaccinium | V. convolvulinum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A blueberry. |
| Villarsites | V. ungeri | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A gentian. |
| Weinmannia | W. ausoniae | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Cunoniaceae. |
| Weinmannia | W. elaphriifolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Cunoniaceae. |
| Weinmannia | W. fagaraefolia | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Cunoniaceae. |
| Weinmannia | W. incerta | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Cunoniaceae. |
| Zanthoxylum | Z. ambiguum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Rutaceae. |
| Zanthoxylum | Z. cherpicum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A potential Rutaceae. |

### Incertae sedis

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Agnophyton | A. aristatum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Plant of uncertain affinities. |
| Antholites | A. ligula | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Plant of uncertain affinities. |
| Antholites | A. liliacea | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Plant of uncertain affinities. |
| Antholites | A. nymphoides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Plant of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. binucularis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. carandioides | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. chamaeropsis | Vegroni | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. lacunosus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. longipes | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. micropepo | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. orbis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. subtriangularis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |
| Carpolithes | C. vegronum | Vegroni | Fruit of uncertain affinities. |

## Chromista

| Genus | Species | Presence | Notes |
| Dictyotites | D. aspergillum | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Dictyotites | D. menegazzianus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Dictyotites | D. radiatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Dictyotites | D. rigidus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Dictyotites | D. stipitatus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Laminarites | L. irideaephyllus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Laminarites | L. lamourouxii | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Laminarites | L. macrophyllus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Laminarites | L. scolopendra | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Laminarites | L. vestenae | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Pasinia | ?P. ambigua | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Pasinia | P. elliptica | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Pasinia | P. incurva | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Pasinia | P. ovalis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Pasinia | P. pyriformis | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Pasinia | P. rotundata | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Postelsiopsis | P. caput-medusae | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A kelp similar in form to the sea palm. |
| Zonarites | Z. chlorophlegma | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Zonarites | Z. flagellaris | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |
| Zonarites | Z. fuliginosus | Pesciara-Monte Postale | A brown alga. |