OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guangua

Guangua (Amharic: ጓንጓ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Agew Awi Zone, Guangua is bordered on the south and west by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, on the north by Dangila, on the northwest by Faggeta Lekoma and Banja Shekudad, and on the east by Ankasha Guagusa; the Dura River, a tributary of the Abay River, defines part of its western border. The administrative center of this woreda is Chagni; other towns in Guangua include Kilaj, and Menta Wuha.

## Overview

High points in this woreda include Mount Gum (1506 meters), which R E Cheesman described as a prominent landmark near the Zakas ford on the Abay. MIDROC Gold reported in 2009 that it was exploring the area around Menta Wuha for gold deposits.
Originally the two adjacent woredas in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Dibate and Mandura, were subunits of Guangua but in the 1960s were split off to form separate woredas in order to strengthen government control over the local Gumuz people. These two woredas were transferred to Benishangul-Gumuz when that region was organized in the 1992.

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 223,066, an increase of 51.10% over the 1994 census, of whom 111,172 are men and 111,894 women; 31,489 or 14.12% are urban inhabitants. With an area of 2,305.44 square kilometers, Guangua has a population density of 96.76, which is less than the Zone average of 107.44 persons per square kilometer. A total of 47,759 households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.67 persons to a household, and 46,471 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 81.81% reporting that as their religion, 14.59% of the population said they were Muslim, and 1.64% practiced traditional beliefs.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 170,974 in 34,553 households, of whom 84,893 were men and 86,081 were women; 7,767 or 4.54% of its population were urban dwellers. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Guangua were the Awi (62.02%) one of the Agaw peoples, the Amhara (31.93%), and the Gumuz (4.55%); all other ethnic groups made up 1.5% of the population. Awngi was spoken as a first language by 61.33%, 32.83% Amharic, and 4.55% spoke Gumuz; the remaining 1.29% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 74.3% reporting that as their religion, while 20.98% were Muslim, and 0.77% observed traditional religions.
# James Hunter III

James Hunter III (December 26, 1916 – February 10, 1989) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Westville, New Jersey, Hunter received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Temple University in 1936. He received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1939. He was in private practice of law in New Jersey from 1939 to 1971. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1942 to 1946.

## Federal judicial service

Hunter was nominated by President Richard Nixon on July 19, 1971, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit vacated by Judge William Francis Smith. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 21, 1971, and received his commission on September 23, 1971. He assumed senior status on June 30, 1986. His service was terminated on February 10, 1989, due to his death.

## Death

A resident of Medford, New Jersey, Hunter died of heart failure at the age of 72 on February 10, 1989, in a hospital in Mount Holly.
# Saccharomycetes

Saccharomycetes belongs to the Ascomycota division of the kingdom Fungi. It is the only class in the subdivision Saccharomycotina, the budding yeasts. Saccharomycetes contains a single order, Saccharomycetales.
Saccharomycetes are known for being able to comprise a monophyletic lineage with a single order of about 1,000 known species. These yeasts live as decomposers, feeding on dead and decaying wood, leaves, litter, and other organic matter. According to Suh et al. (2006), "yeasts are responsible for important industrial and biotechnological processes, including baking, brewing and synthesis of recombinant proteins," with Saccharomycetes being model organisms in research. Asia is likely to be the origin of the source.
# Ana Beatriz Silva

Ana Beatriz Silva Correia (born (1992-02-07)7 February 1992) is a Brazilian female volleyball player, playing as a middle blocker. She was part of the Brazil women's national volleyball team.
She participated in the 2010 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup.
# Puraskar

Puraskar is a 1970 Bollywood action film. The film stars Joy Mukherjee and Farida Jalal.

## Cast

* Abhi Bhattacharya ... Mr. Das / Mr. Dinanath
* Joy Mukherjee ... Rakesh
* I. S. Johar ... Sumesh
* Farida Jalal ... Reshma
* Helen... Rita
* Faryal ... No.7 / Anita
* Bipin Gupta
* Rajan Haksar ... Raghu
* Ram Kumar
* Sapana ... Renu Das

## Plot

Rakesh and Sumesh are two plain-clothes agents in the city's Criminal Investigations Department. They have been entrusted the task of locating a missing, believed to be abducted scientist, Mr. Das. They are assisted in this search by Renu Das, the daughter of Mr. Das. They manage to locate Mr. Das, and bring him safely to his house. His daughter is delighted to have her dad back. But then a series of odd coincidences lead Renu to conclude that her father has changed for the worse since she last saw him.

## Soundtrack

Music composed by R. D. Burman, lyrics by S. H. Bihari.
| # | Song | Singer |
| 1 | "Yeh Nasheeli Meri Aankhen" | Asha Bhosle |
| 2 | "Dekh To Kya Hai Aaj Ki Mehfil" | Asha Bhosle |
| 3 | "Ae Meri Jaan, Chand Sa Gora Mukhda" | Asha Bhosle, Mukesh |
| 4 | "Nateeja Hamari Mohabbat Ka Kya Hai" | Asha Bhosle, Mukesh |
| 5 | "Nazar Mein Bijli, Badan Mein Sholay" | Mahendra Kapoor |
# Rohit Pathak

Rohit Pathak is an Indian actor known for his work in Telugu,Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi films in negative roles. He made his acting debut in 2008 with the black comedy Hindi film Mithya. He is also best known for his roles in Jannat 2 (2012), Mickey Virus (2013), Jal (2014), Raja Natwarlal (2014), Khel Toh Ab Shuru Hoga (2016) Dheeran Adhigaram Onru (2017), Gaon:The Village No More (2018) and Siya (2022).

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Language | Notes |
| 2008 | Mithya | | Hindi | Debut Film |
| 2008 | Jannat | | Hindi | |
| 2010 | Om Shanti | | Telugu | |
| 2010 | Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai | | Hindi | |
| 2012 | Jannat 2 | Inspector Rajender | Hindi | |
| 2013 | Jal | Samar "Sam" Singh Sandhu | Hindi | |
| 2013 | Mickey Virus | | Hindi | |
| 2014 | Raja Natwarlal | | Hindi | |
| 2016 | Khel Toh Ab Shuru Hoga | negative lead | Hindi | |
| 2017 | Aa Gaya Hero | | Hindi | |
| 2017 | Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru | Bane Singh | Tamil | |
| 2018 | Gaon:The Village No More | Mangla | Hindi | |
| 2019 | Sita | Lawyer Chakrapani | Telugu | |
| 2019 | Bakrid | | Tamil | |
| 2021 | Check | | Telugu | |
| 2021 | Seetimaarr | Tiger Singh, a human trafficker | Telugu | |
| 2022 | Bheeshma Parvam | Chotta Rajan | Malayalam | |
| 2022 | Dharavi Bank | Rajan, Thalaivan's son-in-law | Hindi | streaming television series |
| 2022 | The Warriorr | Mannaar | Telugu | |
| 2022 | Siya | MLA Arunoday singh | Hindi | |
| 2023 | Waltair Veerayya | | Telugu | |
| 2023 | Veera Simha Reddy | | Telugu | |
| 2024 | Martin | Vijay Ikramullah | Kannada | |
| 2024 | Gyaarah Gyaarah | Shamshera | Hindi | Streaming on Zee5 |
| 2025 | Chhaava | Kakad Khan | Hindi | |
| 2025 | The Raja Saab | Bairagi | Telugu | |
# Sam's Song

Sam's Song is a 1969 drama film directed by Jordan Leondopoulos and starring Robert De Niro.
Footage from Sam's Song was edited in 1979 into a completely different film, known as both The Swap and Line of Fire, in which a man investigates the death of his brother.

## Plot

A political filmmaker is on Long Island for a weekend during which he becomes entangled with a high-living, jet set crowd. At first, it is exciting, but he soon becomes disillusioned by their shallowness.

## Cast

* Robert De Niro as Sam Nicoletti
* Jarred Mickey as Andrew Moore
* Jennifer Warren as Erica Moore
* Sybil Danning as Carol

## Reception

The film was described as "a European-influenced movie". New York Magazine commented: "Dull, dull movie about a film editor is salvaged somewhat by early De Niro performance".
# Shams Chowdhury

Muhammad Shamsul Alam Chowdhury is a retired army officer and brigadier general of Bangladesh Army. He is known for his locus and subsistence during Bangladesh Rifles revolt.

## Early life and education

Shams was born on 3 August 1966, in the prominent Abu Bhuiyan family of Mirsharai. He began his military career in 1984 as a cadet at the Bangladesh Military Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Armored Corps in 1986. He holds an MBA from George Washington University, USA.

## Career

Shams was commissioned into the Armored Corps in 1986, he participated in United Nations peacekeeping missions as a Military Observer in Bosnia and Croatia (1995–96) and as a Staff Officer at the UN Force Headquarters in Liberia (2005–06). Domestically, he held the position of Zone Commander in the Chhota Harina Zone of Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) in Rangamati in 2008. He served as director of both the Special Security Force (SSF) and the National Security Intelligence (NSI) under the prime minister's office. Notably, he survived the 2009 BDR mutiny at Pilkhana. He retired as a brigadier general in 2019.
During court proceedings regarding the 2009 BDR mutiny at Pilkhana, defence counsel accused prosecution witness, Shams, of orchestrating the carnage. Defence lawyer Amdadul Hoque Lal alleged that Sham's leadership during the event earned him a favorable posting and questioned why key officers of the 44 Rifles Battalion, which Shams commanded, were unharmed. Shams refuted these claims, attributing his survival to divine intervention.
Shams had previously testified as the fourth prosecution witness, detailing the events of the mutiny, including processions of rebel soldiers and his escape. He was also cross-examined for four hours, during which the defence claimed he falsely implicated an accused sepoy following a prior dispute, a claim he denied.
Shams served as a diplomat at the Bangladesh Embassy in Washington, D.C from 2013 to 2019. Currently, he is the chairperson of U.S. Center for Cooperation & Economic Development based in USA.

## Personal life

Shams is married to Naznin Akhter. They have two sons.
# Rosanna Giel

Rosanna Giel Ramos (born 10 June 1992) is a retired Cuban female volleyball player. She was part of the Cuba women's national volleyball team.
She participated at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan. She played with Ciego de Ávila.

## Clubs

* Ciego de Ávila (2010)
Le Cannet volleyball, Francia (2016–2017) and (2017–2018)
# Marcel Henry

Marcel Henry (30 October 1926 – 30 August 2021) was a politician from Mayotte, France, who served as French senator (1977–2004). He was one of the founders of the Mahoré People's Movement.
# Hard sauce

Hard sauce (chiefly US) is a sweet, rich dessert sauce made by creaming or beating butter and sugar with rum (rum butter), brandy (brandy butter), whiskey, sherry (sherry butter), vanilla or other flavourings. It is served cold, often with hot desserts.
It is typically served with plum pudding, bread pudding, Indian pudding, hasty pudding, and other heavy puddings as well as with fruitcakes and gingerbread.
In the United Kingdom, brandy butter and rum butter are particularly associated with the Christmas and New Year season and Christmas pudding and warm mince pies, serving as a seasonal alternative to cream, ice cream or custard. At Cambridge, it is also known as Senior Wrangler sauce.
Rum butter specifically is typically found in Cumbria and is not common in other regions of the UK, while brandy butter is found nationwide and is a more commonplace Christmas accompaniment.
Though it is called a sauce, it is neither liquid nor smooth, with a consistency more akin to whipped butter. It is easy to make and keeps for months under refrigeration. It can be pressed into a decorative mold before chilling.
Under European Community regulations, to be called rum/brandy/sherry butter, it must contain at least 20% butterfat.
# Pyar Ki Jeet (1987 film)

Pyar Ki Jeet is a 1987 Indian Bollywood film directed by Sawan Kumar Tak. The film stars Ashok Kumar, Shashi Kapoor, Vinod Mehra, Rekha in lead roles. Moon Moon Sen has a special appearance here. The music was composed by Usha Khanna.

## Plot

Soni (Rekha) is a young, beautiful, smart, bubbly and charming girl. She returns to her hometown village from the big city where she works as a garment merchant. The obsolete village residents regard her as a cheap woman, thinking the worst things about her frequent visits to the big city.
Soni does not find it important to justify herself. Only Dr. Rehman (Shashi Kapoor), a major doctor in the village, educated and clever, understands her circumstances. He takes care of everyone, everything, without charging money. He is the father of the village and everyone respects him. On the other side, Dr. Kumar (Ashok Kumar) is a rich and successful doctor in a city, formerly being good friends with Rehman. He has educated his son Dr. Anand (Vinod Mehra) at the best medicine academies. Once, he sends Anand to Rehman's village where all the hometown residents wrongly consider him as the new doctor who came to work as an assistant to Dr. Rehman. At first, he wants to explain himself and leave the village, but later, when he finds out that Rehman is ill and cannot manage to work alone, he decides to stay temporarily. When Soni returns again to the village and encounters him, she immediately falls in love with him. Anand also falls in love with Soni, but he denies his feelings, because of her reputation. Soni persecutes him everywhere and tries to conquer him in every possible way. Anand keeps on rejecting her. Will the two realize their love in spite of society's values?

## Cast

* Ashok Kumar as Dr. Kumar
* Shashi Kapoor as Dr. Rehman
* Vinod Mehra as Dr. Anand
* Rekha as Soni
* Moon Moon Sen as Rani Padmini Devi
* Jagdeep as Nathulal
* Pinchoo Kapoor as Village Sarpanch
* Puneet Issar as Darshan Patel
* Bharat Kapoor as Jagirdar

## Music

Lyrics: Sawan Kumar Tak
| Song | Singer |
| "Mujhe Rehna Hai Tere Dil Mein, Kiraya Bol Kya Legi" | Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle |
| "Meri Ek Ada Lakh Lakh Di" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Ae Dost Tu Be-imaan Hai" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Aaj Mere Pyar Ki Jeet" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Mainu Rab Di Saun" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Dulhe Raja Dekh" | Asha Bhosle |
# Calendar queue

A calendar queue (CQ) is a priority queue (queue in which every element has associated priority and the dequeue operation removes the highest priority element). It is analogous to desk calendar, which is used by humans for ordering future events by date. Discrete event simulations require a future event list (FEL) structure that sorts pending events according to their time. Such simulators require a good and efficient data structure as time spent on queue management can be significant. The calendar queue (with optimum bucket size) can approach O(1) average performance. Calendar queues are closely related to bucket queues but differ from them in how they are searched and in being dynamically resized.

## Implementation

Theoretically, like a bucket queue, a calendar queue consists of an array of linked lists. Sometimes each index in the array is also referred to as a bucket. The bucket has specified width and its linked list holds events whose timestamp maps to that bucket. A desk calendar has 365 buckets for each day with a width of one day. Each array element contains one pointer that is the head of the corresponding linked list. If the array name is "month" then month[11] is a pointer to the list of events scheduled for the 12th month of the year (the vector index starts from 0). The complete calendar thus consists of an array of 12 pointers and a collection of up to 12 linked lists. In calendar queue, enqueue (addition in a queue) and dequeue (deleting from a queue) of events in FEL is based on event time.
Let the calendar queue with n buckets with w width. Then enqueue of an event with time t operates on bucket ${\frac {t}{w}}\mod n$ . And more than two events scheduled in the bucket according to the increased timestamp. To dequeue events from the calendar queue, it keeps track of current year and day. Then it searches for the earliest event within that bucket and dequeue it. (In contrast, a bucket queue would merely return any element from the first nonempty bucket, without determining which element in that bucket is earliest.)

## Calendar queue resize operation

If the number of events in the queue is much smaller or much larger than the number of buckets, it will not function efficiently. The solution is to allow the number of buckets to correspondingly grow and shrink as the queue grows and shrinks. To simplify the resize operation, the Nb (number of buckets) in a CQ is often chosen to be the power of two, i.e., $Nb=2^{n}$;↵
The number of buckets is doubled or halved each time the Ne (number of events) exceeds 2Nb or decreases below Nb/2 respectively. When Nb is resized, the new width w has to be calculated as well. The new w that is adopted will be estimated by sampling the average inter-event time gap from the first few hundred events starting at the current bucket position. Thereafter, a new Calendar queue is created and all the events in the old calendar will be recopied over.
# Regional Advance Movement

Regional Advance Movement (MRA) (Spanish: Movimiento Regional de Avanzada) is a Venezuelan political party of a regional nature that only has a presence in the State of Nueva Esparta, it was founded in April 2001. It is a party opposed to the administration of the Bolivarian Revolution.
In the 2021 Venezuelan regional elections, Morel Rodriguez was elected governor of Nueva Esparta from 2021 to 2025.

## History

In 2001, a sector of AD from the state of Nueva Esparta also separated from the party and created the Regional Advance Movement (MRA).
In the 2004 regional elections they supported Morel Rodríguez, from the Democratic Action party, as a candidate for the governorship of the Nueva Esparta State, and he was elected, with the support of other political parties such as Copei, Primero Justicia, among other political movements.
In the 2017 municipal elections, they nominated their leader, Morel Rodríguez Salcedo as a candidate for mayor of the Maneiro municipality, being elected with 58.39% of the votes, however Rodríguez had the support of Copei, Nuvipa, MAS and IPP.
# Soma Kömür İşletmeleri A.Ş.

Soma Kömür İşletmeleri (Soma Mining Inc.) is a Turkish coal mining company with headquarters in Istanbul, and one of the largest coal producers in the region. As of 2014, it had 5,500 employees and mined 2.5 million tons of coal annually, according to its website. It owns the mine involved in the Soma mine disaster, in which at least 301 people were killed.
The company employs 5,550 people, including 5,000 workers in underground mining operations and about 130 engineers as technical personnel.

## History

The company Soma Mining is part of Soma Holding, which began with mining operations in 1984. Since 2010, Soma Holding is also active in the construction business. In 2005, it took over the rights for the mining of about 18 million tonnes from the state-owned Turkish Coal Mining Corporation (Türkiye Kömür İşletmeleri Kurumu, TKİ) on royalties-based legal tender. The mining company obtained a concession from Ciner Holding in September 2009 to produce about 15 million tonnes of coal from the reserves in the Soma Eynez region. The Eynez coal mine began producing 2.5 million tonnes of coal annually.
The company's CEO, Alp Gürkan, stated in an interview with the newspaper Hürriyet in 2012 that the coal in Soma cost US$130–140 per tonne in the time when mined by TKİ, and they are committed to keep up with US$23.80 per tonne including royalties.
Towards the end of the 1970s, due to fuel shortages and difficulties importing machinery, Alp's business was brought to the point of shutting down. Alp Gürkan, having closed his company, was contemplating how to pay off his debts when a business opportunity appeared. It was as a subcontractor for a mine owned by Koç Group in Tirebolu.
* Turkey portal
* Energy portal
* Companies portal
# SEAC (computer)

SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer or Standards Electronic Automatic Computer) was a first-generation electronic computer, built in 1950 by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and was initially called the National Bureau of Standards Interim Computer, because it was a small-scale computer designed to be built quickly and put into operation while the NBS waited for more powerful computers to be completed (the DYSEAC). The team that developed SEAC was organized by Samuel N. Alexander. SEAC was demonstrated in April 1950 and was dedicated in June 1950; it is claimed to be the first fully operational stored-program electronic computer in the US.

## Description

Based on EDVAC, SEAC used only 747 vacuum tubes (a small number for the time) eventually expanded to 1,500 tubes. It had 10,500 germanium diodes which performed all of the logic functions (see the article diode–transistor logic for the working principles of diode logic), later expanded to 16,000 diodes. It was the first computer to do most of its logic with solid-state devices. The tubes were used for amplification, inversion and storing information in dynamic flip-flops. The machine used 64 acoustic delay lines to store 512 words of memory, with each word being 45 bits in size. The clock rate was kept low (1 MHz).
The computer's instruction set consisted of only 11 types of instructions: fixed-point addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; comparison, and input & output. It eventually expanded to 16 instructions.
The addition time was 864 microseconds and the multiplication time was 2,980 microseconds (i.e. close to 3 milliseconds).
Weight: 3,000 pounds (1.5 short tons; 1.4 t) (central machine).

## Applications

On some occasions SEAC was used by a remote teletype. This makes it one of the first computers to be used remotely. With many modifications, it was used until 1964. Some of the problems run on it dealt with:
* digital imaging, led by Russell A. Kirsch
* computer animation of the city traffic simulation
* meteorology
* linear programming
* optical lenses
* a program for Los Alamos National Laboratory
* tables for LORAN navigation
* statistical sampling plans
* wave function of the helium atom
* designing a proton synchrotron
* SEAC block diagram
* SEAC input/output diagram
* Magnetic wire drives and cartridges
* Offline magnetic wire to paper tape & print station
* SEAC scanner
* First image scanned into SEAC, son of Russell A. Kirsch
* Samuel N. Alexander with SEAC
* Horace Joseph and George A. Moore using the SEAC image scanner to analyze metallurgical photographs in 1960. Moore was legally blind.
* SEAC wiring
* Ethel Marden at the control console of SEAC in 1959