OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hampartsoum Boyadjian

Hampartsoum Boyadjian (Armenian: Համբարձում Պօյաճեան; 14 May 1860 – 30 July 1915), also known by his noms de guerre Murad and sometimes Medzn Murad (Armenian: Մեծն Մուրատ, "Mourad the Great"), was an Armenian fedayi (partisan leader) and a leading political activist of the Hunchak party.

## Biography

He was born in Hadjin in the region of Cilicia. The Hunchakian leader Medzn Girayr (Harutiun-Mardiros Boyadjian) was his senior brother.
Murad joined the Hunchakian party when he was a medical student in Constantinople. In 1890, he took part in the Kum Kapu demonstration. In 1894, he was a leader of the Sasun Resistance. He exhorted the inhabitants of Sasun to fight to their last drop of blood to defend their mountains and houses. Turkish authorities imprisoned and tortured him, and in 1896 Murad was exiled to Tripoli. During his exile the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party convention elected Mourad as a member of its Central Committee. Murad was one of the most popular figures of the Armenian liberation movement, and several revolutionary groups worked towards his liberation. In 1906 he escaped from prison and in 1908 he returned to Constantinople. In the 1908 Ottoman general election, he was elected a member of the Ottoman parliament representing Kozan (Sis) in the Adana Vilayet; he was one of 10 Armenian deputies in the new parliament.
Murad, a Hunchakian who never gave up on the dream of a united and independent Armenia was labelled, like thousands of others, an undesirable by the Young Turk Government. He was among the first to be arrested on 24 April 1915 (known as Red Sunday), on the eve of the Armenian genocide, and sent to Kayseri, where he was severely tortured in prison. After a trial in July, he was hanged on 30 July 1915, with 12 of his friends.
From 1992 to 1994, a battalion named after Medzn Murad led by Gevorg Guzelian took part in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
# Emilianów, Lublin Voivodeship

Emilianów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaski, within Świdnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Piaski, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Świdnik, and 21 km (13 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Stowe Buntz

Stowe Buntz (born January 25, 1979) is an American professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He is active in the Championship Darts Circuit (CDC), the North American affiliate of the PDC; he has won five CDC Pro Tour titles, as well as the 2023 CDC Continental Cup. He reached his first PDC major quarter-final at the 2023 Grand Slam.

## Career

In October 2023, Buntz won the 2023 CDC Continental Cup his beaten by America's Jason Brandon by 8–6 to secure his place at the 2023 Grand Slam of Darts. This came after placing as the second-ranked American on the 2023 CDC Tour to lock in his debut at the 2024 PDC World Darts Championship, a rank made possible after becoming the first player in CDC history to win three tour events in the same weekend. In November, Buntz was drawn into Group E with Peter Wright, Dave Chisnall, and Stephen Bunting. His debut match on his first televised major event was against former two-time world champion Peter Wright, where he won 5–1. In his next match, he faced Stephen Bunting, defeating him 5–3, before losing his last match in his group to Dave Chisnall 5–4; however, despite the loss, he still topped first in the group. In the last 16, Buntz defeated the runner-up of Group F, Andrew Gilding, 10–5 before exiting the tournament at the quarterfinals in a rematch against Stephen Bunting, losing 16–8.
At the 2024 PDC World Darts Championship, Buntz played Kevin Doets in the opening match of the tournament, with the winner to face defending champion Michael Smith in the next round. Buntz lost 3–0 to Doets.
Buntz was a part of the field for the 2024 US Darts Masters as the CDC Continental Cup winner. He lost to Nathan Aspinall in the first round.
He qualified for the 2025 PDC World Darts Championship, where he lost to Nick Kenny 3–0 in the first round.

## World Championship results
### PDC

* 2024: First round (lost to Kevin Doets 0–3) (sets)
* 2025: First round (lost to Nick Kenny 0–3)

## Performance timeline

| Tournament | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
| PDC Ranked televised events ||||
| World Championship | DNQ | 1R | 1R |
| Grand Slam | QF | DNQ | |
| Career statistics ||||
| Season-end ranking (PDC) | 91 | 145 | |
# Tosa (dog breed)

The Tosa Inu (土佐犬, also called the Tosa-Ken and Japanese Mastiff) is a dog breed of Japanese origin that is considered rare. It was originally bred in Tosa, Shikoku (present-day Kōchi), as a fighting dog and the only dog legally allowed in Japanese dog fighting. Ownership is restricted in some countries as a dangerous breed.

## Appearance

The Tosa vary considerably in size, with the Japanese-bred dogs tending to be about half the size of those bred outside the country. The Japanese breed generally weighs between 36 and 61 kilograms (80 and 135 lb), while non-Japanese breeders have focused on dogs that weigh from 60 to 90 kg (130 to 200 lb) and stand 62 to 82 cm (24 to 32 in) at the withers. The coat is characterized by its short and smooth appearance and is often red, brindle, or fawn, but occasionally it can be a dull black. Maintenance of the coat is usually minimal. Dogs can occasionally tip the scale at 91 kilograms (200 lb). In Japan, they are considered the equivalent of Sumo wrestlers and are even depicted in wrestling accoutrements.

## History

This breed originated in the second half of the 19th century. The breed started with the native Shikoku-Inu (an indigenous dog weighing about 25 kilograms (45 pounds) and standing about 55 centimetres high). These dogs were crossed with European dog breeds, such as the Old English Bulldog in 1872, the English Mastiff in 1874, the Saint Bernard and German Pointer in 1876, the Great Dane in 1924, and the Bull Terrier. The aim was to breed a larger, more powerful dog specifically for dog fighting competitions in Japan. The heyday of Tosa breeding was between 1924 and 1933, when it was said that there were more than 5,000 Tosa breeders in Japan.

## Use

In South Korea, it is one of the main dog meat breeds, along with Nureongi dogs.

## Legal matters

Ownership of Tosas is legally restricted in certain jurisdictions. In the United Kingdom, ownership is regulated under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, and in Trinidad and Tobago under the Dog Control Act 2014. A specific exemption from a British court is required to own and import Tosas legally in the UK.
The breed is banned or legally restricted at a national level in:
* Australia
* Austria
* Denmark
* Fiji
* France
* Hong Kong
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Romania
* Malaysia
* Malta
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Singapore
* Tunisia
* United Arab Emirates
* United Kingdom
* Israel
* Turkey
# Leonid Murzin

Leonid Nikolayevich Murzin (Russian: Леони́д Никола́евич Мурзи́н, IPA:; May 27, 1930 – October 13, 1996) was a Soviet and Russian linguist, the Dean of philological faculty at Perm State University (1964–1967), the founder and the head of General and Slavonic linguistics department at Perm State University; the head of Perm derivatology school; he founded the Institute of dynamic linguistics. Perm derivatology school encouraged the development of such linguistic school as "Computer based simulation of verbal communication".

## Sources

* Leonid Murzin at Russian Wikipedia: Мурзин, Леонид Николаевич // Википедия, свободная энциклопедия.
* Video with Leonid Murzin on YouTube
* The problems of dynamic linguistics: the proceedings of International conference, dedicated to the 80th Murzin's anniversary (in Russian) / отв. ред. В. А. Мишланов; Перм. ун-т. Пермь, 2010. С. 296—304. (Zip-архив материалов конференции).
# William Cowper Prime

William Cowper Prime (October 31, 1825 – February 12, 1905) was an American journalist, art historian, numismatist, attorney, and travel writer.

## Early life

William Prime was the younger brother of S. I. Prime and E. D. G. Prime, born at Cambridge, New York on October 31, 1825. He graduated Princeton in 1843 and delivered a poem at commencement. He was admitted to the New York Bar in 1846 and began to practice law in New York City. On May 1, 1851 he married Mary Trumbull of Stonington, Connecticut.

## Career

During 1855 and 1856, Prime traveled in Europe, North Africa, and the Holy Land with his wife Mary, her brother James and his wife Sarah. He published Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia and Tent Life in the Holy Land based on his experiences there, which include his accounts of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Dead Sea, and the port of Jaffa, among others. During their trip up the Nile river, his wife kept an extensive, detailed diary that was discovered, then published, in 1998 by Charles Derowitch, entitled "Nile Journeys". In The Innocents Abroad, Mark Twain parodies Tent Life in the Holy Land as "Grime's" Nomadic Life in Palestine, taking aim at Prime's overly sentimental prose and his violent encounters with the local inhabitants. Twain makes the contemporary popularity of Tent Life evident in his parody: "Some of us will be shot before we finish this pilgrimage. The pilgrims read 'Nomadic Life' and keep themselves in a constant state of Quixotic heroism." Twain speculates that if a homicide did occur, Grimes should be prosecuted as an "accessory before the fact."
Prime continued practicing law until 1861, when he became part owner and editor-in-chief of the New York Journal of Commerce. In 1869 he gave up his editorial work and revisited Egypt and the Holy Land. It was at his insistence that Princeton established a department of art history, to which he donated his extensive collection of ceramic art. In 1884, the Trustees of the College elected Prime as the department's first chair. His interest in art matters brought him into close connection with the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, of which he was elected first vice-president in 1874.
Based on information obtained from a surveyors map of 1898, WC Prime co-owned (with William Frederick Bridge) roughly 650 acres of land encompassing 12.2 acre Lonesome Lake in the Franconia Range of the White Mountains. The two men developed the land with remote hunting cabins that were primarily used in summer; Prime was a keen fisherman. Ice was harvested from the lake by local workers to be stored in the ice shed for use over the summer months. The property was co-owned by the two men from the mid 1800s to 1898 when the property was sold to the Profile & Flume Hotel company.
Prime died at his home in New York City on February 13, 1905.
# Falentyn

Falentyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryki, within Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Ryki and 61 km (38 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.
# Madagascan fruit bat

The Madagascan fruit bat (Eidolon dupreanum) is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to Madagascar and is listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN because it is hunted as bushmeat.

## Distribution and habitat

Eidolon dupreanum is named after the Governor of Réunion from 1864 to 1869, Marie Jules Dupré, for the help he gave to scientific researchers. The Madagascan fruit bat is found both around the coastal plain and in the inland high plateau. It has not been recorded in some areas but that is likely to be because it has not been observed rather than that it is absent from these areas. It requires suitable rock fissures and caves in which to roost during the day. Colony size varies between about ten and five hundred individuals.

## Biology

Examination of the droppings from the Madagascan fruit bat show that it mainly consumes fruit but also feeds on the flowers of Eucalyptus spp. It was found to fly as far as 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to reach trees of Polyscias spp. while largely neglecting the guava trees Psidium near its roost. Seeds smaller than about 7 mm (0.3 in) in diameter were swallowed. This helped with dispersal of the seed and it has been shown that seed germination was enhanced by their passage through the gut. At times of year when fruit is not available, this bat feeds on nectar. It has been observed to visit the flowers of the rare baobab Adansonia suarezensis and the kapok tree Ceiba pentandra and it is believed to pollinate these trees.
A single offspring is produced each year. This slow reproductive rate makes this bat susceptible to over-hunting.

## Status

In its Red List of Threatened Species, the IUCN has classified this bat as "Vulnerable". Its numbers appear to be declining and the greatest threat it faces is being hunted for bushmeat. Under Madagascar law, hunting this species is only permitted between the months of May and August. This legislation is widely disregarded and the bat is hunted at any time of year. Some colonies have been completely wiped out, but in some instances, these sites have been recolonised a few years later. The bat is present in a number of protected areas where it should receive protection. It is an adaptable species in that, if its main food sources are lost, it is able to change to other sources although it seems to prefer the fruit of native trees to those of introduced species.
# FP&A

* FP&A tasks and activities
* Business analytics
* Capital budgeting
* Cash flow forecasting
* Corporate budgeting
* Decision support
* Financial analysis
* Financial forecasting
* Financial modeling
* Financial planning
* Predictive analytics
* Risk management
* Working capital management
Financial Planning and Analysis (FP&A), in accounting and business, refers to the various integrated planning, analysis and modeling activities aimed at supporting financial decisioning and management in the wider organization.
See Financial analyst § Financial planning and analysis, and aside articles, for outline and further detail. In larger companies, "FP&A" will run as a dedicated area or team, under an "FP&A Manager" reporting to the CFO.
FP&A is distinct from financial management and (management) accounting in that it is oriented, additionally, towards business performance management, and, further, encompasses both qualitative and quantitative analysis. This positioning allows management - in partnership with FP&A - to preemptively address issues relating, e.g., to customers and operations, as well as the more traditional business-finance problems. Relatedly, although Budgeting and Forecasting are typically done at specific times in the year - and correspondingly cover specific time periods - FP&A, by contrast, has a wider brief re both horizon and content. "FP&A Analysts" thus play an important role in every (major) decision by the company - ranging in scope from changes in headcount to mergers and acquisitions.
Over the years, FP&A's role has evolved, facilitated by technological advances. During its early years, 1960s to 1980s, FP&A focused on more traditional forecasting and financial analysis; relying on spreadsheets, mainly Excel, but in earlier years, Lotus 1-2-3 (and VisiCalc). From the 1980s to the early 2000s, the scope shifted to risk, scenario and sensitivity analysis; utilizing business intelligence and financial modeling software, such as Cognos, Hyperion and BusinessObjects. From 2000s to present, the emphasis is increasingly on predictive analytics; tools include cloud-based platforms and analytics packages, i.e. Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure, and SAS, KNIME, R, and Python; specialized software is also available commercially.
# Supriyadi

Fransiskus Xaverius Soeprijadi, also known as Supriyadi or Soeprijadi (born 13 April 1923 – disappeared 14 February 1945, declared dead 9 August 1975), was an Indonesian national hero who rebelled against the occupying Japanese in 1945.

## Early life

Supriyadi was born in Trenggalek on 13 April 1923. He attended junior high school, then a training school for civil service in Magelang. However, the Japanese invaded Indonesia before he graduated. He then switched to high school and underwent youth training (Seimendoyo) in Tangerang, West Java.

## Involvement with PETA

In October 1943, the Japanese established a militia, PETA (Indonesian: Pembela Tanah Air, lit. 'Defenders of the Homeland') to assist Japanese forces against the Allies. Supriyadi joined PETA, and after training was posted to Blitar. He was tasked with overseeing the work of the Romusha forced laborers. The plight of these workers inspired him to rebel against the Japanese. When Supriyadi joined PETA, he was given the rank of shodancho or platoon commander.

## Blitar revolt

When nationalist leader Sukarno visited his parents in Blitar, PETA officers told him that they had begun to plan a rebellion and asked for Sukarno's opinion. He told them to consider the consequences, but Supriyadi, leader of the rebels, was convinced the uprising would succeed.
In the early hours of 14 February 1945, rebels attacked Japanese troops, causing heavy casualties. However, the Japanese defeated the rebellion and put the ringleaders on trial. Six (or eight) people were sentenced to death and the rest were given jail sentences ranging from three years to life. However, Supriyadi reportedly was not executed. Some said Supriyadi escaped and hid from the Japanese. He was not seen again after the failure of the rebellion.

## Disappearance

On 19 August 1945, in a government decree issued by the newly independent Indonesia, Supriyadi was named Minister for Public Security in the Presidential Cabinet. However, he failed to appear, and was replaced on 20 October by acting minister Muhammad Suliyoadikusumo. To this day his fate remains unknown.
Numerous sightings before his disappearance had been reported. Ronomejo a kamituwo of Ngliman village in Nganjuk reportedly accompanied Supriyadi to his hiding place in a cave near Sedudo waterfall. However, when Supriyadi's father, Damardi visited the place he already left. According to M. Nakajima, director of Taisei International Corporation, Supriyadi and his two companions stayed for a day in his place in Salatiga around February and March 1945, but then left before Kenpeitai from Semarang arrived.
If he was alive during his appointment and took the office, he would have been aged 22 and became the youngest ever minister in the nation's history. He was officially bestowed the title of National Hero on 9 August 1975, thus legally declaring him dead as the title is only given posthumously.
# National Zoological Museum of China

The National Zoological Museum of China is located on the campus of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing in the Chaoyang District. It is the largest zoological museum in China. It has three floors of exhibits that surround a central exhibit area that contains a large hanging whale skeleton. The exhibits consists largely of mounted bird, mammal, and insects. The butterfly collection is quite large in particular.

## Exhibits

The nine showrooms are categorized by the following: Insect Exhibition Pavilion, Insect Hall and Butterfly Hall, Invertebrate Exhibition Pavilion and Invertebrate Hall, Fish and Amphibian Exhibition Pavilion,Animal and Hominid Hall, Bird Exhibition Pavilion, Bird Hall, Mammal Exhibition Pavilion, Endangered Animals Hall, Digital Specimen Exhibition Pavilion, Animal Diversity and Evolution Hall.
# The Grove, Highgate

The Grove, Highgate, N6 is a short tree-lined street in north London, running north from Highgate West Hill to Hampstead Lane, known for the notable residents who have lived there over several centuries.

## Early development

The line of The Grove follows the eastern boundary of an estate which at the beginning of the 17th century belonged to the Warner family, several members of which held prominent positions in the City of London. The Estate's Tudor mansion was Dorchester House, described in 1620 as The Blewhouse, which stood in what is now the courtyard of Witanhurst, the palatial mansion on Highgate West Hill whose entrance marks the southern end of The Grove.
Dorchester House came into the possession of William Blake in the mid 17th century, who in 1688 built numbers 1 to 6 The Grove in the part of its garden nearer the house, having earlier leased an acre at the rear of the garden on which Sir Francis Pemberton built Grove House a decade earlier. This house was later demolished to make way for the remainder of the houses on the west side of the street, numbers 7 to 13, built from the early 19th century.
The old village green, and one of its three ponds, occupied most of the east side of the street until 1844, when the New River Company acquired the land for a covered reservoir to supply the Village with piped water for the first time. South of the covered reservoir small remnants of the village green survive, whilst on the north east side of the street there are two modest apartment buildings, Old Well House and Fitzroy Lodge.
All the buildings in The Grove are Listed, either Grade II or II*, apart from numbers 12 and 13 which were built in 2015 and Old Well House, built in the early 20th century.

## Notable former residents

No.1: Actress Gladys Cooper and her husband, publisher Neville Pearson; Journalist Patrick Sergeant
No.2: Violinist Yehudi Menuhin; musician Sting and his wife, actress Trudie Styler
No.3: Poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge; playwright J. B. Priestley; model Kate Moss
No.4: Diplomat and managing editor of The Times, Sir Campbell Stuart, GCMG, KBE, KStJ; Executive Cob Stenham and daughters, the eldest of whom is playwright Polly Stenham; TV chef, restaurateur, and cookbook author, Jamie Oliver
No.5: Appeal judge Sir Edward Fry and children: artist Roger, social reformer Joan, illustrator Agnes and prison reformer Margery; musician George Michael
No.6: Musician Annie Lennox and her husband, film producer Uri Fruchtmann
No.7: Manager of the Marine Insurance Co., Robert John Lodge, who was also treasurer of the Highgate Literary and Scientific Institution (1880–1893)
No.8: Actors Robert Donat and Renée Asherson
No.9: Politician Beresford Craddock; Spy Anthony Blunt; industrialist John Sutton Nettlefold
Fitzroy Lodge: Scottish Comedian Stanley Baxter

## Gallery

* 1 and 2 The Grove
* 3 The Grove
* 4 The Grove
* 5 The Grove
* 6 The Grove
* 7 The Grove
* 8 The Grove
* 9 The Grove
* 10–13 The Grove
* Fitzroy Lodge, The Grove
* Old Well House, The Grove
* Part of the former village green which became a temporary memorial garden after the death of George Michael
# Livingston Municipal Airport (Texas)

Livingston Municipal Airport (FAA LID: 00R) is a city-owned, public-use airport located five nautical miles (5.8 statute miles, 9.2 km) southwest of the central business district of Livingston, a city in Polk County, Texas, United States. According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, it is categorized as a general aviation facility.
The airport is located in West Livingston along Farm to Market Road 350 South and along the eastern side of Lake Livingston. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice Polunsky Unit (home to the state's death row) is located on the other side of FM 350.

## Facilities and aircraft

Livingston Municipal Airport covers an area of 63 acres (25 ha) at an elevation of 151 feet (46 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 12/30 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,700 by 60 feet (1,128 x 18 m).
For the 12-month period ending May 13, 2008, the airport had 7,800 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 21 per day. At that time there were 28 aircraft based at this airport: 86% single-engine, 7% multi-engine and 7% ultralight.
# Alejandro Glaría

Alejandro Glaría (born 25 August 1970) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a forward for clubs of Argentina, Chile and Mexico.