OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carpenter's rule problem

The carpenter's rule problem is a discrete geometry problem, which can be stated in the following manner: Can a simple planar polygon be moved continuously to a position where all its vertices are in convex position, so that the edge lengths and simplicity are preserved along the way? A closely related problem is to show that any non-self-crossing polygonal chain can be straightened, again by a continuous transformation that preserves edge distances and avoids crossings.
Both problems were successfully solved by Connelly, Demaine & Rote (2003).
The problem is named after the multiple-jointed wooden rulers popular among carpenters in the 19th and early 20th centuries before improvements to metal tape measures made them obsolete.

## Combinatorial proof

Subsequently, to their work, Ileana Streinu provided a simplified combinatorial proof formulated in the terminology of robot arm motion planning. Both the original proof and Streinu's proof work by finding non-expansive motions of the input, continuous transformations such that no two points ever move towards each other. Streinu's version of the proof adds edges to the input to form a pointed pseudotriangulation, removes one added convex hull edge from this graph, and shows that the remaining graph has a one-parameter family of motions in which all distances are nondecreasing. By repeatedly applying such motions, one eventually reaches a state in which no further expansive motions are possible, which can only happen when the input has been straightened or convexified.
Streinu & Whiteley (2005) provide an application of this result to the mathematics of paper folding: they describe how to fold any single-vertex origami shape using only simple non-self-intersecting motions of the paper. Essentially, this folding process is a time-reversed version of the problem of convexifying a polygon of length smaller than π, but on the surface of a sphere rather than in the Euclidean plane. This result was extended by Panina & Streinu (2010) for spherical polygons of edge length smaller than 2π.

## Generalization

John Pardon (2009) generalized the Carpenter's rule problem to rectifiable curves. He showed that every rectifiable Jordan curve can be made convex, without increasing its length and without decreasing the distance between any pair of points. This research, performed while he was still a high school student, won the second-place prize for Pardon in the 2007 Intel Science Talent Search (Cunningham 2007).
# Nedlouc River

57°23′30″N 72°45′47″W﻿ / ﻿57.39167°N 72.76306°W﻿ / 57.39167; -72.76306
The Nedlouc River is a tributary of the Leaf River of northern Quebec, Canada, ultimately flowing into Ungava Bay. Its source is Nedlouc Lake.

## Geography

The Nedlouc River flows north-westwards to become a right tributary of the Leaf River which flows eastwards to the west coast of Ungava Bay. The Nedlouc River flows in the unorganized territory Rivière-Koksoak, in the region of Nunavik, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec.
The watershed neighbors of Nedlouc river are:
* North side: Leaf River;
* East side: Duvert lake, Kakiattukallak lake, Grammont lake;
* South side: Rivière aux Mélèzes, Dupire lake, Nedlouc Lake;
* West side: Dyonnet lake, Minto Lake.
Its waters come from Nedlouc Lake (area 44 km²). This lake is located about 260 kilometers southwest of Kuujjuaq, Quebec. Having a complex shape, this lake contains two main areas, that are joined together by means of a fast.
The mouth of the lake is located in the northern part of the lake, looking like a tangle of lakes, peninsulas, islands and bays.
From the Nedlouc Lake, the river flows over 5.7 km to the northeast, crosses a lake (elevation: 313 m) over 2,6 km, then flows over 58.9 kilometers to northwest across several fast to its mouth where the current flows on the southern bank of the Leaf River. The mouth of the Nedlouc river is located in front of another river and downstream of Minto lake, as well as 2.3 km downstream from the mouth of rivers Daunais (north shore), downstream of the Irsuaq (south side) and downstream of the Carpenter River (south shore) which are tributaries of the Leaf River.

## Toponymy

Originating from the Inuit language, the place name "Nedlouc" signifies "calves" or "the thigh above the knee." The connection between this toponym and the lake remains unclear. In Inuit designation, the lake is alternatively known as "Nallualuk" and "Tasirtuuq," with the latter translating to "great lakes."
In 1951, the "Commission de géographie du Québec" (Quebec Geographic Board) formalized the name "Lake Nedluc". The spelling "Nedluk" has been used in history to designate this lake. The place name Nedlouc River was formalized on December 5, 1968 to the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Quebec Names Board).
# Right of redemption

The right of redemption, in the law of real property, is the right of a debtor whose real property has been foreclosed upon and sold to reclaim that property if they are able to come up with the money to repay the amount of the debt.
Within the U.S., for home mortgage foreclosures, a homeowner may redeem the foreclosed property up to the time of the foreclosure sale, and in many states for a limited period of time after the sale, by paying off the mortgage balance and the costs incurred by the lender and any purchaser. Similar rights of redemption apply after foreclosures for unpaid property taxes.
# Michael Sexton (footballer)

Michael Sexton (born 5 March 1971) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Carlton between 1990 and 2000 in the Australian Football League.
A defender, Sexton was a member of Carlton's 1995 premiership team and an All-Australian in both 1996 and 1997. He was recruited from the Sandhurst Dragons.
Sexton is the brother of Ben and the cousin of Damian, who both also played in the AFL.
Sexton is member of the AFL "Laws of the Game", aka the Rules Committee.

## Statistics

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Averages (per game) | Votes |
| Season | Team | No. | Games | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | Votes |
| 1990 | Carlton | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 23 | 7 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 7.7 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| 1991 | Carlton | 14 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 100 | 34 | 134 | 33 | 15 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 7.7 | 2.6 | 10.3 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 0 |
| 1992 | Carlton | 14 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 162 | 69 | 231 | 70 | 23 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 8.5 | 3.6 | 12.2 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 0 |
| 1993 | Carlton | 14 | 23 | 3 | 5 | 252 | 111 | 363 | 129 | 27 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 11.0 | 4.8 | 15.8 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 4 |
| 1994 | Carlton | 14 | 24 | 1 | 4 | 226 | 117 | 343 | 93 | 25 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 14.3 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0 |
| 1995† | Carlton | 14 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 271 | 99 | 370 | 116 | 23 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 14.8 | 4.6 | 0.9 | 2 |
| 1996 | Carlton | 14 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 268 | 115 | 383 | 102 | 24 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 11.6 | 5.0 | 16.6 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 6 |
| 1997 | Carlton | 14 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 236 | 82 | 318 | 93 | 13 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 13.1 | 4.6 | 17.7 | 5.2 | 0.7 | 2 |
| 1998 | Carlton | 14 | 22 | 3 | 6 | 267 | 104 | 371 | 100 | 20 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 12.1 | 4.7 | 16.9 | 4.5 | 0.9 | 0 |
| 1999 | Carlton | 14 | 24 | 5 | 5 | 248 | 118 | 366 | 94 | 22 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 10.3 | 4.9 | 15.3 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 2 |
| 2000 | Carlton | 14 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 44 | 23 | 67 | 17 | 5 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 11.2 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Career | Career | Career | 200 | 23 | 30 | 2087 | 882 | 2969 | 854 | 201 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 10.4 | 4.4 | 14.8 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 16 |
# Spomenka Štimec

Spomenka Štimec (Croatian pronunciation:; born 4 January 1949 in Orehovica) is a Croatian writer who is an acclaimed contemporary writer in Esperanto, and also significant to Esperanto in Croatia. In 1994 she shared the cultural award Alena Esperanto-Kulturpremio with the magazine Heroldo de Esperanto.
# Hoplitis tuberculata

Hoplitis tuberculata, also known as the Lundwood bee, is a species of solitary bee belonging to the family Megachilidae. Hoplitis tuberculata exhibits a disjunct distribution range, with its habitat spanning the subalpine zones of the Alps and extending to boreal regions in Europe and Asia. The species primarily nests in insect borings in dead wood and utilizes various materials for constructing its brood cells.

## Distribution

Hoplitis tuberculata is a subalpine species, which has an extensive distribution in mountainous habitats. The species has been recorded in various European countries including: Austria, France, Italy, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. The species exhibits a disjunct distribution area, ranging from the Alps in France to Austria, as well as neighbouring areas such as the Jura and Black Forest mountain ranges. Moreover, it can also be found in the boreal zone, extending from Scandinavia and Northeast Europe to Eastern Asia.

## Habitat

Hoplitis tuberculata exhibits a preference for open forests, forest edges, and windfall areas within upper montane and subalpine zones of the Alps. It commonly utilizes insect borings in sun exposed dead wood within standing dead trees, tree trunks, and stumps as nesting sites.

## Reproduction

Hoplitis tuberculata constructs brood cells within insect borings in sun-exposed dead wood, such as standing dead trees, tree trunks, stumps, as well as man-made habitats like bamboo sticks or old untreated timber walls. Nests consist of one to several brood cells constructed in a linear series. Hoplitis tuberculata utilizes leaf pulp to construct both the walls of the brood cells and the nest plug. Notable features of its nest include three-layered partitions between brood cells, consisting of masticated leaf walls enclosing an interlayer densely packed with pebbles, earth crumbs, and small particles. Additionally, a vestibule filled with small particles is often present between the outermost cell partition and the nest plug. The nest is sealed with a plug composed of masticated leaf walls, enclosing a space densely packed with small particles and divided by one to three additional walls.
Brood cells discovered in the Autumn contain larvae encased in a semi-transparent, brownish-white cocoon, indicating that Hoplitis tuberculata overwinters in a prepupal stage.

## Ecology
### Food sources

Hoplitis tuberculata displays polylectic foraging behaviour, collecting pollen from various plant families. It has been discovered to harvest pollen from at least ten different plant families, including Fabaceae, Ericaceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Asteraceae, Asparagaceae, and Violaceae. Among these families, Hoplitis tuberculata indicates a strong preference for Fabaceae.

### Parasites

Hoplitis tuberculalata is known to be a host species for the following brood parasites:
* Chrysura hirsuta
* Stelis ornatula
# Manitowoc Post

The Manitowoc Post was a German language weekly newspaper with some items in English, published primarily in Manitowoc, Wisconsin from July 2, 1881 to November 29, 1924.
It was founded by A. Wittman in Manitowoc. From July 8, 1897-January 9, 1914, it was called the Two Rivers Post before reverting to its original name. From January 6, 1923 until it ceased publication, it was also published in Winona, Minnesota, home of the related Westlicher Herold.
# St Brendan's GFC (London)

St Brendan's is a Gaelic football club based in London, England, that plays Gaelic football, a sport native to Ireland..

## History

St Brendan's GFC was founded in 1956, in the Old Botwell Paris Hall, in Middlesex. The club, originally founded by the late Eugene Callaghan, the three Limerick brothers Con, Jim and Tim O’Regan and Kerryman Michael O’Shea. Although St Brendan's was initially formed as a combined hurling and football club, the focus shifted to Gaelic football by the 1960s. The club became known for its success in this sport.
Based in south west London, the club serves the areas of Twickenham, Teddington, Richmond, Whitton, Hounslow, Ealing and Feltham. The club has had success in the London Championships, winning 3 Senior Championships and 1 Intermediate Championship in 2011.

## Titles

Achievements:
Senior Championship
* Final Appearances: St. Brendan’s has competed in eight Senior Championship Finals, winning three titles.
* 1994: Defeated Taras (1-9 to 1-4) to claim their first Senior Championship title.
* 2002: Secured their second title with a win over St. Clarets.
* 2006: Clinched their third championship with another victory against Taras.
* Other Final Appearances: The club were runners-up in 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, and 2005.
* All-Ireland Quarterfinals: Their successful 2006 campaign ended in 2007, with a loss to Dr. Crokes in the All-Ireland quarterfinal.
Intermediate Championship
* 2012: Won the Intermediate Championship by defeating North London Shamrocks.
* 2014: Reached the Intermediate Championship Final but lost to North London Shamrocks. The club, however, claimed the Division 2 League title that year.
* 2020: Secured the Intermediate Championship title again after a hard-fought victory over Dulwich GAA.
Murphy Cup
* 2017–2019: Won the Murphy Cup for three consecutive years, showcasing consistent performance.
Recent Achievements
* 2021: Promoted back to Division 1 football.
* 2023: Reached the Intermediate Championship semi-final.
| Year | Winner | Runner Up | Grade |
| 2020 | St Brendan's | Dulwich | Intermediate |
| 2014 | North London Shamrocks | St Brendan's | Intermediate |
| 2012 | St Brendan's | North London Shamrocks | Intermediate |
| 2006 | St Brendan's | Taras | Senior |
| 2005 | TCG | St Brendan's | Senior |
| 2002 | St Brendan's | St Clarets | Senior |
| 2001 | TCG | St Brendan's | Senior |
| 1997 | TCG | St Brendan's | Senior |
| 1994 | St Brendan's | Taras | Senior |
| 1993 | TCG | St Brendan's | Senior |
| 1990 | TCG | St Brendan's | Senior |

## County players

Several club players have represented London at Senior county level.
| Player | Position | County | Years |
| Shane McAnarney | Half back | Meath | 2005 |
| Killian Smith | Mid Field | Cavan | 2011–2013 |
| Ryan Jones | Centre back | Tyrone | 2017–2019 |
| David Dunne | Half forward | Wicklow | 2017–2019 |
| John Daly | Full forward | Meath | 2017–2019 |
| Fearghal McMahon | Centre forward | Monaghan | 2018–2019 |
| Cahir Healy | Centre Back | Laois | 2020–2024 |
# Bakers Dolphin

Bakers Dolphin is the trading name of Baker's Coaches, a bus and coach company based in Weston-super-Mare.

## History

In 1889, Charles Baker established a business with a pony chair for hire in Weston-super-Mare. The business expanded and in the early 1900s, Baker won a contract from the Royal Mail to deliver mail to the Cheddar Valley. Horses and carriages were also provided to funeral directors. With the outbreak of World War I, most of Baker's horses were commandeered by the British Army.
In 1923, two motor coaches and began operating leisure trips. By the beginning of World War II the fleet had grown to 12. During the war, Bakers operated services transporting aircrews for British Empire Airways. By 1945, the fleet had grown to 30. With the end of the war, Bakers began operating day tours from Weston-super-Mare.
In 1952, the Weston-super-Mare branch of Bristol's largest operator Wessex Coaches, was purchased. With the opening of Britain's motorway network in the 1960s, Bakers expanded its tour operations.
In 1981, Bakers purchased the business of Wems Coaches, its largest competitor in the West Country, the combined fleet totaled 77 vehicles. In November 1984, Bakers merged with travel company Dolphin Travel, with the business rebranded Bakers Dolphin Travel with 100 shops. In 1998, the travel business was sold to First Choice Holidays. Following an inquiry into a large number prosecutions for tachograph offences, the Traffic Commissioner temporarily reduced the operating licence from 85 to 75 vehicles in 2013.
In 2008, Bakers Dolphin opened a high street store in Weston-super-Mare, followed in 2014 by another in Bristol Broadmead.

## Services

Bakers Dolphin previously operated public bus routes but now only run school bus services in Somerset. Until August 2013, Bakers Dolphin operated a service to London under the London Flyer banner.
# True Identity

True Identity is a 1991 American comedy film directed by Charles Lane and starring Lenny Henry, Frank Langella and Anne-Marie Johnson. The plot revolves around a black man (Henry), who disguises himself as a white man to escape the mob.

## Plot

A struggling black actor named Miles Pope is on a plane ride home from a failed acting audition. Miles meets a producer named Leland Carver who accidentally reveals his mafia ties when he believes that their plane is about to crash. However, the plane does not crash and Miles is the only man who knows Leland's past. To escape, Miles persuades his makeup artist friend Duane to transform him into a Caucasian male.
As Miles is packing his bags to get out of town, a hitman walks in and a struggle ensues. Miles kills the hitman, but through a comedy of errors he is mistaken for the hitman. Miles must assume a parade of identities to stay one step ahead of the mafia on his trail.

## Cast

* Lenny Henry as Miles Pope
* Frank Langella as Leland Carver
* Anne-Marie Johnson as Kristi
* James Earl Jones as himself
* Charles Lane as Duane
* Peggy Lipton as Rita
* Melvin Van Peebles as Taxi Driver
* J. T. Walsh as Houston
* Andreas Katsulas as Anthony
* Austin Pendleton as Othello's Director
* Michael McKean as Harvey Cooper
* Bill Raymond as Grunfield
* Darnell Williams as Tyler
* Christopher Collins as Frank LaMotta
* Ruth Brown as Martha
* Fantasia Owens as Ruth

## Reception

The film received mediocre reviews. Caryn James of The New York Times said that Lane's direction was "tame and conventional" and that although Henry had "obvious" talent, True Identity does not take enough advantage of it". Lenny Henry commented on the film retrospectively in 2010: "When I went to America to do True Identity in 1991, I realised they had their own Richard Pryor, they didn’t need me pretending to be Richard Pryor, so I had a massive career rethink." The film was not a box office success.
# Weightlifting at the 1972 Summer Olympics

The weightlifting competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich consisted of nine weight classes, all for men only. Two new weight classes were introduced at these Games (flyweight and super heavyweight), marking the first changes to the Olympic program since 1952. This was the last year that the clean and press was included as one of the lifts.

## Medal summary

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 52 kg details | Zygmunt Smalcerz Poland | Lajos Szűcs Hungary | Sándor Holczreiter Hungary |
| 56 kg details | Imre Földi Hungary | Mohammad Nassiri Iran | Gennadi Chetin Soviet Union |
| 60 kg details | Norair Nurikyan Bulgaria | Dito Shanidze Soviet Union | János Benedek Hungary |
| 67.5 kg details | Mukharby Kirzhinov Soviet Union | Mladen Kutchev Bulgaria | Zbigniew Kaczmarek Poland |
| 75 kg details | Yordan Bikov Bulgaria | Mohamed Traboulsi Lebanon | Anselmo Silvino Italy |
| 82.5 kg details | Leif Jenssen Norway | Norbert Ozimek Poland | György Horváth Hungary |
| 90 kg details | Andon Nikolov Bulgaria | Atanas Shopov Bulgaria | Hans Bettembourg Sweden |
| 110 kg details | Jaan Talts Soviet Union | Aleksandr Kraichev Bulgaria | Stefan Grützner East Germany |
| +110 kg details | Vasiliy Alekseyev Soviet Union | Rudolf Mang West Germany | Gerd Bonk East Germany |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 3 | Hungary (HUN) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 4 | Poland (POL) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 | Norway (NOR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Iran (IRI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | Lebanon (LIB) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | East Germany (GDR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (11 entries) | Totals (11 entries) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |
# Shaykh Sanan and the Christian Maiden

"Shaykh Sanan and the Christian Maiden" is the title of a Persian mystical poem written by the Persian Sufi poet Farid ud-Din Attar. "Sheikh Sanan" is the longest story in the book The Conference of the Birds.

## Synopsis

Sheikh Sanan, an old man, is highly devout and the leader of his people. He has lived in Kaaba for about fifty years, accepting disciples and praying and fasting continuously. He has performed the Hajj fifty times and discovered many spiritual secrets.
One day, he has a dream that he is settled in Rûm and bowing to an idol. This dream repeats over several consecutive nights. He travels to Rûm with his disciples, where he meets a Christian woman and falls in love with her, spending over a month begging for her acceptance. The woman comes up with four conditions for the sheikh: bow to the idol, burn the Quran, start drinking wine and abandon the faith.
In addition to fulfilling these conditions, Sanan shepherds her pigs for a year to pay the mahr. His disciples are disappointed and return to their homeland. A disciple who was not with him on the first trip travels to Rûm, hoping to restore San'Aan, and spends 40 days praying for him. Finally, the disciple sees the Prophet of Islam in a dream and receives the good news of Sanan's return.
Sanan is finally freed from the bondage of love. The woman also has a dream; she sees the sun fall beside her and it tells her to go with the sheikh. She travels to his homeland with him and becomes a Muslim.

## About poetry

Attar composed this story in an ordered form of 409 verses.

## Sample poem

These are verses from the story translated to English:
# Ragged Rubble

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Baltimore City Paper | favorable link |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.3/10 link |
| The Washington Post | favorable link |
Ragged Rubble is an album by post hardcore band Double Dagger.

## Track listing

* "The Psychic"
* "Empty Dictionary"
* "Luxury Condos for the Poor"
* "Form+Function"
* "Stripes"
* "ITCFGDIY"
* "Army vs. Navy"
* "Pissing Contest"
* "Camera Chimera"
* "Camera Chimera (Reprise)"
* "Plagiarism"
* "Rearranging Digital Deck Chairs"
# Herborg Kråkevik

Herborg Kråkevik (born 28 December 1973) is a Norwegian singer and actress, known for her works with Norwegian folksongs and some stage works and many movies. Her more famous roles being her debut as Eliza in My Fair Lady (1997) and Julie in Romeo og Julie (1997).
Kråkevik gained much success when she in 2000 released Kråkeviks Songbok, a CD that included her interpretations of several Norwegian folk songs, including Den Fyrste Sang and a musical version of the poem Til Ungdommen by Norwegian poet and author Nordahl Grieg.
Kråkevik then had a leading role in Det største i verden (2001) as Petra. In 2005, she was chosen one of Norway's ambassadors to the Hans Christian Andersen Association. Kråkevik is married and has two children.
# Maiestas parapruthii

Maiestas parapruthii (formerly Recilia parapruthii) is a species of bug from the Cicadellidae family that is endemic to India.
The species was moved from Recilia to Maiestas in 2009.