OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 177th meridian east

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The meridian 177° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
The 177th meridian east forms a great circle with the 3rd meridian west.

## From Pole to Pole

Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 177th meridian east passes through:
    Co-ordinates Country, territory or sea Notes 90°0′N 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿90.000°N 177.000°E﻿ / 90.000; 177.000﻿ (Arctic Ocean) Arctic Ocean 72°15′N 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿72.250°N 177.000°E﻿ / 72.250; 177.000﻿ (East Siberian Sea) East Siberian Sea 69°37′N 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿69.617°N 177.000°E﻿ / 69.617; 177.000﻿ (Russia)  Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 62°31′N 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿62.517°N 177.000°E﻿ / 62.517; 177.000﻿ (Bering Sea) Bering Sea Passing just west of Kiska Island, Alaska, United States (at 51°53′N 177°12′E﻿ / ﻿51.883°N 177.200°E﻿ / 51.883; 177.200﻿ (Kiska Island)) 52°0′N 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿52.000°N 177.000°E﻿ / 52.000; 177.000﻿ (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean Passing just east of Arorae atoll, Kiribati (at 2°40′S 176°51′E﻿ / ﻿2.667°S 176.850°E﻿ / -2.667; 176.850﻿ (Arorae)) Passing just west of Nui atoll, Tuvalu (at 7°13′S 177°8′E﻿ / ﻿7.217°S 177.133°E﻿ / -7.217; 177.133﻿ (Nui)) Passing just west of the island of Rotuma, Fiji (at 12°30′S 177°1′E﻿ / ﻿12.500°S 177.017°E﻿ / -12.500; 177.017﻿ (Rotuma)) Passing just east of the island of Viwa, Fiji (at 17°9′S 176°55′E﻿ / ﻿17.150°S 176.917°E﻿ / -17.150; 176.917﻿ (Rotuma)) Passing just west of the island of Waya, Fiji (at 17°16′S 177°6′E﻿ / ﻿17.267°S 177.100°E﻿ / -17.267; 177.100﻿ (Waya)) Passing just west of the Mamanuca Islands, Fiji (at 17°35′S 177°4′E﻿ / ﻿17.583°S 177.067°E﻿ / -17.583; 177.067﻿ (Mamanuca Islands)) Passing just west of Whakaari/White Island, New Zealand (at 37°31′S 177°9′E﻿ / ﻿37.517°S 177.150°E﻿ / -37.517; 177.150﻿ (Whakaari/White Island)) 37°56′S 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿37.933°S 177.000°E﻿ / -37.933; 177.000﻿ (New Zealand)  New Zealand North Island — passing through the town of Whakatāne (at 37°58′S 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿37.967°S 177.000°E﻿ / -37.967; 177.000﻿ (Whakatane)) 39°17′S 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿39.283°S 177.000°E﻿ / -39.283; 177.000﻿ (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean Hawke Bay 39°38′S 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿39.633°S 177.000°E﻿ / -39.633; 177.000﻿ (New Zealand)  New Zealand North Island 39°47′S 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿39.783°S 177.000°E﻿ / -39.783; 177.000﻿ (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean 60°0′S 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿60.000°S 177.000°E﻿ / -60.000; 177.000﻿ (Southern Ocean) Southern Ocean 77°50′S 177°0′E﻿ / ﻿77.833°S 177.000°E﻿ / -77.833; 177.000﻿ (Antarctica) Antarctica Ross Dependency — claimed by New Zealand
# Records of the Border Defense Council

The Records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon or Bibyeonsa Deungnok (Korean: 비변사등록) are the records of the Border Defense Council of Joseon. There are currently 273 extant books that were produced between 1617 and 1892. While the original intent was to produce one volume per year, in some years they produced multiple volumes; an uncertain number of volumes and pages are considered lost.
The records are considered a critical source for the study of Joseon history. On December 31, 1971 the Records were designated a National Treasure of South Korea.

## Background

The council was a temporary bureau established during the reign of King Jungjong in the 16th century that managed national security after the Japanese invasions of Korea. The powers of the Council were gradually expanded throughout the invasion, until it eventually became the most powerful body in the government.

## Description

There is disagreement as to when the records were first published. One theory is that the records were started when the council was established in 1555. Under this assumption, there should be 276 books.
The records consist of 273 extant volumes produced between 1617 and 1892. The title of each year's record is not always consistent, depending on incidents occurred in each year. Each annal firstly recorded the era of the King, the date and the member of the discussion in each month's council and then, the contents could be published. Therefore, the reader can find out what kinds of incidents happened and how the council legislated the aftermaths.
The records are considered a highly-valued and diverse description of the Joseon society and economy. They were originally published and held at the Kyujanggak. From 1959 to 60, the Korean History Committee re-published the full annals in 28 parts. Translations of the texts into modern hangul finished publication by 2010.
The council was abolished in 1865, the second year of the reign of Gojong of Joseon. Power was returned to the former supreme organ, the State Council of Joseon. However, the Records continued to be updated until 1892, albeit under the title Uijeongbu Deungnok (의정부등록; 議政府謄錄).
# Eloy Casagrande

Eloy Casagrande (born 29 January 1991) is a Brazilian musician, best known as the former drummer of Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura. He is currently the drummer of Slipknot and the Casagrandes & Hanysz.

## Biography

Casagrande began playing at age seven, when he got a toy drum from his mother; after a year, he got a real drum kit. He was notably taught by fellow Brazilian drummer Aquiles Priester. In 2004, at age 13, he was the winner of the Batuka International Drummer Fest, sponsored by Vera Figueiredo. Later, Casagrande also won Modern Drummer's Undiscovered Drummer Contest 2005 in New Jersey, and the following year, toured the United States.
Casagrande joined Sepultura in November 2011, replacing Jean Dolabella. He recorded three albums with the band before his departure in February 2024 and is the second youngest member of Sepultura, with his replacement Greyson Nekrutman being 11 years his junior. Casagrande is also known for his time with power metal vocalist Andre Matos, white metal Brazilian band Iahweh and post-hardcore/metalcore band Gloria, and has a project called Casagrande & Hanysz with guitarist João Hanysz.
In April 2024, Slipknot officially confirmed that Casagrande would be replacing Jay Weinberg as the band's drummer. His first show with the band was on April 25, 2024, at Pappy & Harriet's Palace in California, USA. In the same year he joined the band, Eloy Casagrande was voted Best Metal Drummer in Modern Drummer magazine's 2024 Readers' Poll

## Discography
### With Sepultura

* The Mediator between Head and Hands must be the Heart (2013)
* Machine Messiah (2017)
* Quadra (2020)
* SepulQuarta (live album, 2021)

### With others

* Mentalize with Andre Matos (2009)
* Landscape Revolution with Aclla (2010)
* (Re)Nascido with Gloria (2012)
* "Over Dee Moon"/"5 Years thinking outside your Box" with Daniel Piquê (2014)
* LIMINAL with Casagrande & Hanysz (2024)
# Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria

During the course of the Syrian Civil War limited fighting at the Syria–Turkey border and Turkish military cross-border operations have caused casualties in the Turkish Armed Forces.

## List of fatalities by operation

The following is a list of the fatal casualties among the regular Turkish Armed Forces by operation. In total 298–347 Turkish Forces servicemen have been reported killed:
| Operation | Date of operation | Number of deaths | Opponents |
| Prior to Operation Euphrates Shield | 22 June 2012 – 23 August 2016 | 17 | Islamic State (IS), People's Protection Units (YPG), Syrian Armed Forces (SAF) & smugglers |
| Operation Euphrates Shield | 24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017 | 72 | Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) & IS |
| Operation Olive Branch | 20 January 2018 – 9 August 2019 | 61–96 | SDF & SAF |
| Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate | 7 October 2017 – 6 March 2020 | 61–75 | SAF and allies & al-Qaeda |
| Operation Peace Spring | 9 October 2019 – 25 November 2019 | 11 | SDF & SAF |
| After Operation Peace Spring | 26 November 2019 – present | 76 | SDF & SAF |
In addition to the military fatalities: one Turkish civilian worker was killed in the area of Operation Olive Branch, two Turkish civilian contractors were killed during operations in the Idlib Governorate and two Turkish civilian drivers were killed in the area of Operation Peace Spring, following the operation's conclusion.
# Supernormal Stimuli

Supernormal Stimuli: How Primal Urges Overran Their Evolutionary Purpose is a book by Deirdre Barrett published by W. W. Norton & Company in 2010. Barrett is a psychologist on the faculty of Harvard Medical School. The book argues that human instincts for food, sex, and territorial protection evolved for life on the savannah 10,000 years ago, not for today's densely populated technological world. Our instincts have not had time to adapt to the rapid changes of modern life. The book takes its title from Nikolaas Tinbergen's concept in ethology of the supernormal stimulus, the phenomena by which insects, birds, and fish in his experiments could be lured by a dummy object which exaggerated one or more characteristic of the natural stimulus object such as giant brilliant blue plaster eggs which birds preferred to sit on in preference to their own. Barrett extends the concept to humans and outlines how supernormal stimuli are a driving force behind today's most pressing problems, including modern warfare, obesity and other fitness problems, while also explaining the appeal of television, video games, and pornography as social outlets.

## Contents

* Supernormal Stimuli—What Are They?
* Making the Ordinary Seem Strange
* Sex for Dummies
* Too Cute
* Foraging in the Food Courts
* Defending Home, Hearth, and Hedgefund
* From Shakespeare to Survivor: Entertainment as Vicarious Socializing
* Intellectual Pursuits as Supernormal Stimuli
* Conclusion: Get Off the Plaster Egg

## Reception

The Wall Street Journal considered it "timely", but faulted Barrett for not "weigh(ing) the costs of supernormal stimuli against their often substantial benefits."
# Salib al-Turkman

Salib al-Turkman (Turkish: Sılayip Türkmen, Turkmen: صِلَيِّبْ تركمان, romanized: Silayīp Tūrkman or Arabic: صُلَيْبْ التركمان, romanized: Sulayb al-Turkman) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Latakia Governorate, located north of Latakia. Nearby localities include Al-Shamiyah and Burj Islam to the south, Ayn al-Bayda, al-Bahluliyah and al-Shabatliyah to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Salib al-Turkman had a population of 3,466 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Turkish-speaking Syrian Turkmen who are Sunni Muslim.
# Kamandag ng Droga

Kamandag ng Droga (transl. The Venom of Drugs) is a 2017 Philippine film directed by Carlo J. Caparas. The film tackles how illegal drugs affect the lives of four teenagers.

## Production

Kamandag ng Droga was directed by Carlo J. Caparas, an admitted supporter of President Rodrigo Duterte who is known for his campaign against illegal drugs and whose footage was used in the film. Carparas said that he was inspired to direct the film by his wife who requested him to work on a film that would tackle the "really rampant drug situation" in the country. Caparas and his wife said that they have seen relatives fall to drug addiction.
The production budget for the film produced by Viva Films was ₱100 million. Filming of Kamandag ng Droga was finished in late 2016 but editing work on the film proceeded almost a year later due to the death of Caparas' wife, Donna Villa.
Caparas said that the film is not a propaganda in favor of Duterte and his anti-drug campaign. He says that the film is a "cry against drugs whose effect affects the family of those addicted to them, thus bringing a lot of damage to the entire community" and intends the film as medium to remind Filipinos that the illegal drug situation in the country could be resolved through cooperation with authorities and law enforcers.

## Release

The film premiered on December 5, 2017.

## Critical reception

Francis Joseph Cruz of Rappler, an editorial news website critical of Duterte was critical of Kamandag ng Droga calling it a "grand showcase of lazy filmmaking" and a propaganda. He described the characters as two-dimensional and their motivation as flimsy. He added that the film's portrayal of the country's illegal drug problem as simplistic.
# Sarye pyeollam

Sarye pyeollam is a record of Neo-Confucian rites and ceremonies written by the Korean scholar Yi Jae (李縡 1680–1746) of the Joseon Dynasty. The title is translated into "Easy Manual of the Four Rites" or "Convenient Reference to the Four Rites". It consists of 8 volumes in 4 books and was published in 1844 by his descendant, Yi Gwang-jeong (李光正).
# Ocean County Airport

Ocean County Airport, also known as Robert J. Miller Air Park (IATA: MJX, ICAO: KMJX, FAA LID: MJX, formerly N44), is a county-owned public-use airport that straddles the border of Berkeley Township and Lacey Township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. It is located five nautical miles (6 mi, 9 km) southwest of the central business district of Toms River, New Jersey.
Opened in 1968 as the Ocean County Air-Park, the airport is named after Ocean County Freeholder Robert J. Miller, who worked to expand the airport while in office. Miller died in 1969 in an accident that occurred at the airport; it was named after him in 1970.
This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport.

## Facilities and aircraft

The airport covers an area of 822 acres (333 ha) at an elevation of 86 feet (26 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt runways designated 6/24 (measuring 5,950 by 100 feet or 1,814 x 30 m) and 14/32 (measuring 3,599 by 75 feet or 1,097 x 23 m). It also has a helipad designated H1 (measuring 100 by 100 feet or 30 x 30 m).
For the 12-month period ending October 31, 2022, the airport had 38,550 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 106 per day. At that time there were 64 aircraft based at this airport: 53 single-engine, 8 multi-engine, 1 jet, and 2 helicopter.
# Letter (paper size)

Letter (officially ANSI A) is a paper size standard defined in ANSI/ASME Y14.1 by the American National Standards Institute, commonly used as home or office stationery primarily in the United States, Canada, and the Philippines, and variably across Latin America. It measures 8.5 by 11 inches (215.9 by 279.4 mm) and is similar in use to the A4 paper standard at 210 mm × 297 mm (8.27 in × 11.7 in) used by most other countries, defined in ISO 216 by the International Organization for Standardization.

## Details

The Reagan administration made Letter-size paper the norm for US federal forms in the early 1980s; previously, the smaller "official" Government Letter size, 8 by 10.5 inches (203.2 by 266.7 mm) (aspect ratio: 1.3125), was used in government, while 8.5-by-11-inch (215.9 by 279.4 mm) paper was standard in most other offices. The aspect ratio is ⁠22/17⁠ ≈ 1.294 and the diagonal is √8.5$^2$ + 11$^2$ ≈ 13.901 inches (353.1 mm) in length.
In the US, paper density is usually measured in "pound per reams" (of 500 sheets). Typical Letter paper has a basis weight of paper of 20 or 24 pounds (9.1 or 10.9 kg) – the weight of 500 sheets (a ream) of 17-by-22-inch (431.8 by 558.8 mm) paper at 70 °F (21 °C) and at 50% humidity. One ream of 20-pound Letter-sized paper weighs 5 pounds (2.3 kg), and a single Letter-sized sheet of 20-pound paper weighs 0.16 ounces (4.536 g), which is equivalent to 75.19 g/m$^2$. Some metric information is typically included on American ream packaging. For example, 20-pound paper is also labeled as 75 g/m$^2$. The most common density of A4 paper is 80 g/m$^2$.
The related paper size known as Invoice (colloquially Half Letter) is exactly one half of the US Letter size: 8.5 by 5.5 inches (215.9 by 139.7 mm).

## History

The precise origins of the dimensions of US letter-size paper (8.5 × 11 in) are not known. The American Forest & Paper Association says that the standard US dimensions have their origin in the days of manual papermaking, the 11-inch length of the standard paper being about a quarter of "the average maximum stretch of an experienced vatman's arms". The letter size falls within the range of the historical quarto size, which since pre-modern times refers to page sizes of 8 to 9 inches (200 to 230 mm) wide and 10 to 11 inches (250 to 280 mm) high, and it is indeed almost exactly one quarter of the old Imperial (British) paper size known as demy quarto – 17+1⁄2 by 22+1⁄2 inches (440 by 570 mm) – allowing a 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) for trimming.
# Vundu

The vundu (Heterobranchus longifilis) is a species of large airbreathing catfish found widely in rivers and other freshwater habitats of sub-Saharan Africa, as well as the Nile. It is also called the sampa, cur, lenda, or certa.

## Description

The vundu is the largest true freshwater fish in southern Africa, reaching up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in length and 55 kg (121 lb) in weight. (Bull sharks are also found in southern Africa and reach a larger size, but occur in both fresh and saltwater.) Few other catfish have such large second dorsal fins (adipose fins) or such long barbels as do the vundu. Its barbels nearly reach to the origin of the pelvic fin. The colour of Heterobranchus longifilis is light to dark olive brown on its dorsal surface, getting lighter over the mid-body to a light brown. Its belly is off-white. Fins are usually light brown.
In aquaculture, it is sometimes hybridized with another very large species, the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus), resulting in offspring known as "Hetero-clarias".

## Habitat and range

The vundu is found widely in rivers and other freshwater habitats of sub-Saharan Africa, only extending beyond this region in the Nile (although it is rare in the lower sections of this river). Among others, it is found in the Benue River, Volta River, Niger River, Gambia River, Senegal River, Lake Chad, Omo River, Congo River Basin, Lake Rukwa, Lake Kariba, Zambezi River, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Edward.
The vundu is generally uncommon, but it is not considered threatened despite having declined locally. Most active at night, it feeds on any available food, including invertebrates and insects when small, then fish and other small vertebrates when large. It scavenges off large carcasses and offal from riverside villages. It can live for 12 or more years. The vundu can survive out of water for extensive periods of time.
Due to impaired vision, they rely on vibrations and smells in search of food. They love to remain in deep water for eating any available food they need.
The vundu eating habits affect many aspects of their lives; their growth, feeding efficiency, and body mineral composition. If they are raised in captivity and fed a soy based or cotton based meal their growth will reduce significantly. Changing the vundu's diets partially is okay, but changing them completely is detrimental to an extent because of the lack of protein they receive in a given meal.
# Madeline Sharafian

Madeline Sharafian (born February 1, 1993) is an American film director, screenwriter, and storyboard artist. She is best known for her work at Pixar, including directing the short film Burrow (2020) and the upcoming feature film Elio (2025).

## Early life

Sharafian was born in Alameda, California, and is of Armenian descent. By 2013, she was enrolled in CalArts.

## Career

In 2013, Sharafian wrote and directed the short film Omelette. In 2014, she served as a storyboard artist, writer, and character designer on the Cartoon Network series We Bare Bears. In 2017, she storyboarded sequences for Coco and Dante's Lunch. In 2020, she wrote and directed a 2D animated Pixar short film titled Burrow, originally slated to play in theaters before the feature film Soul. In October 2020, it was announced the short would instead premiere on Disney+. In 2022, she served as a storyboard artist for Turning Red. In August 2024, she was announced to be making her feature directorial debut with Elio, alongside Domee Shi, replacing original director Adrian Molina.

## Filmography
### Feature films

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Story Artist | Pixar Senior Creative Team | Notes/Ref(s) |
| 2017 | Coco | No | No | Yes | No | |
| 2022 | Turning Red | No | No | Yes | No | |
| 2024 | Inside Out 2 | No | No | No | Yes | |
| 2025 | Elio | Yes | TBA | No | No | Post-production |

### Short films

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Other | Notes/Ref(s) |
| 2013 | Omelette | Yes | Yes | Yes | Producer |
| 2017 | Weekends | No | No | Yes | Animator Cel painter |
| 2017 | Dante's Lunch | No | No | Yes | Story artist |
| 2018 | Purl | No | No | Yes | Story trust |
| 2020 | Burrow | Yes | Yes | Yes | Animator |
| 2021 | Twenty Something | No | No | Yes | Story trust |
| 2021 | Nona | No | No | Yes | Special Thanks |

### Television

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Story Artist | Other | Notes/Ref(s) |
| 2014–17 | We Bare Bears | No | 20 episodes | 17 episodes | Yes | Character Designer |
| 2016 | Goodnight, Ice Bear | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Editor |

## Accolades

Accolades received by Madeline Sharafian :
| Award | Date | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref(s) |
| Academy Awards | April 25, 2021 | Best Animated Short | Burrow | Nominated | [15][16][17] [18][19][20] |
| Annie Awards | February 6, 2016 | Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production | We Bare Bears | Nominated | |
| Annie Awards | February 3, 2018 | Outstanding Achievement for Storyboarding in a Feature Production | Coco | Nominated | |
| Hollywood Critics Association | March 5, 2021 | Best Short Film | Burrow | Nominated | |
# Anders Thunborg

Anders Ingemar Thunborg (9 June 1934 – 3 December 2004) was a Swedish social democratic politician and diplomat. He served as the defense minister between 1983 and 1985. He was also Swedish ambassador to the United Nations, Moscow, Washington and the Vatican City. He was one of the senior experts on Nordic security.

## Biography

Thunborg was born in 1934. In the 1950s he was a motorcycle racer.
He was state secretary at the Ministry of Defense between 1969 and 1974. Then he was named as the Sweden's ambassador to the United Nations which he held until 1983 when he was appointed minister of defense to the second cabinet of Olof Palme. Thunborg replaced Borje Andersson who resigned from the post on 2 December 1983. Thunborg resigned from office in 1985. The reason for his resignation was the remarks by Foreign Minister Lennart Bodström about the Swedish military force.
Thunborg's next post was ambassador to the Soviet Union which he served between 1986 and 1989. Then he was appointed Swedish ambassador to the United States and was in office until 25 January 1993 when he was replaced by Henrik Liljegren in the post. He served as the Swedish ambassador to the Vatican City State in 1996. Next Thunborg was named as the Swedish ambassador to Greece in 1997. It was his last diplomatic post which he could hold just for a short period because of his asthma problems.
In addition to his diplomatic service Thunborg was the chairman of the Swedish Motorcycle Association. He published several articles in Finnish international relations magazine Ulkopolitiikka.

## Personal life and death

His wife was Ingalill Thunborg. Anders Thunborg died in December 2004.
# Sam Henderson (footballer)

Samuel Joplin Henderson (3 November 1901 – 1980) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Fulham and South Shields.