OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Murder of Paige Doherty

Paige Doherty was a 15-year-old student from Clydebank, Scotland who was murdered on 19 March 2016 by 32 year-old John Leathem in his deli.

## Background

Paige had stayed at her friend's house on the night of 18 March. On the 19th, at around 8:21am, she went to John Leathem's delicatessen. Normally she would have gone to her hairdressing job in Kirkintilloch, 12 mi (19 km) away, however after she failed to arrive the search for her began.

## Murder investigation

Her body was found by passers-by on the roadside near Glasgow's Great Western Road two days after she disappeared. Doherty had been stabbed in the head and neck and suffered more than 250 wounds, though her mother, Pamela Doherty, claimed that there were more than 500 wounds. The last sighting of her was on CCTV at a deli shop in Clydebank, owned by John Leathem, who later admitted to murdering Paige Doherty. Pamela set up the charity, Paige's Promise, in her daughter's name to teach children self defence, as well as support families whose children have been victims of murder.

## Trial

John Leathem claimed that Paige threatened to tell people that he had "touched her" inappropriately, if he refused to give her a job, because she was underage. The main evidence used in the trial was CCTV footage of Leathem closing the Deli, running to the shop next door, and then returning with the deli remaining closed for about an hour. The footage then shows him putting a full bin bag in his trunk. The bag was confirmed to contain the body of Paige and when the owner of the shop he visited was questioned, it was confirmed that Leathem had purchased gloves, bleach, and the bin bag.

## Sentencing

On 12 October 2016, seven months after Doherty's murder, Leathem was sentenced at the High Court in Glasgow, where judge Lady Rae set a minimum time of 27 years in jail before becoming eligible to apply for parole. However, in February 2017, following an appeal by Leathem, the minimum term was reduced to 23 years.
# Samvarana

Samvarana (Sanskrit: संवरण, romanized: saṁvaraṇa), the name of a king in the Mahabharata. He was the son of Riksha, husband of Tapati and father of Kuru.

## Samvarana in the Mahabharata

In the Adi Parva, it is reported that once a great disaster overtook his people when Samvarana ruled them as a king. There were all kinds of plagues as well as famine, drought and disease. Powerful enemies with large armies attacked the country and the King had to take to flight with his family, friends and ministers, settling in the woodlands of the river Indus. Then, one day the Rishi Vasishtha visited them and stayed with them for eight years. Thereafter, Samvarana resolved to make him his priest and regained his whole kingdom and power with his help.

### Marriage with Tapati

Once the King was wandering on a mountain after his horse had died. Suddenly he saw a young maiden of unequalled beauty who seemed like a dream to him. When he addressed her enquiring about her name and family, she suddenly disappeared, leaving the shocked King behind in great stupor. But a little later she reappeared, telling him that she was the daughter of Vivasvat, the Sun God and that she would leave it to her father to decide whether she may marry the King.
The King remained alone on the mountain for twelve days, trying to propitiate the Sun and directing his thoughts to his priest Vasishtha, who arrived soon, knowing by divine insight what was going on in the king’s mind. He offered to him to approach on his behalf the Sun God, who readily agreed to give his daughter Tapati to the King for the proposed marriage.
For twelve years, the King lived happily with his wife in the hills and mountains, withdrawing entirely from his duties. But then a perilous drought struck the country, whereupon Vasishtha called back Samvarana and his wife, whose return brought happiness and prosperity to all the citizens.

## Literature

* J.A.B. van Buitenen, Mahabharata Book 1, Chicago 1973, pp. 211–12; 325–29
* Wilfried Huchzermeyer, Studies in the Mahabharata. Indian Culture, Dharma and Spirituality in the Great Epic. Karlsruhe 2018, pp. 136–37. ISBN 978-3-931172-32-9
# Type 98 20 mm AA half-track vehicle

The Type 98 20 mm AA half-track vehicle was an experimental Japanese self-propelled anti-aircraft gun. It had a single 20 mm Type 98 AA machine cannon mounted on the back section of a Type 98 Ko-Hi half-tracked prime mover. The Type 98 Ko-Hi half-track was first manufactured in 1938.
The Type 98 half-tracks were considered "high speed" prime movers, capable of 48 km/h (30 mph) when loaded. It was powered by a diesel engine and had a crew of 15. The rear-mounted Type 98 20 mm AA autocannon was the most common light anti-aircraft gun of the Imperial Japanese Army. It had a range of 5,500 m (18,000 ft), altitude of 3,500 m (11,500 ft) and could fire up to 300 rounds per minute. The Type 98 20 mm AA half-track vehicle was not mass produced.
# Vladimir Dubov

Vladimir Dubov (Bulgarian: Владимир Дубов) (born 20 February 1988) is a Bulgarian and Ukrainian freestyle wrestler. He competes in the 60 kg division and won the silver medal in the same division at the 2013 European Wrestling Championships. He repeated his success at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships.
In March 2021, he competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
He competed in the 65 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.
# Erdweg

Erdweg is a municipality in the district of Dachau in Bavaria in Germany.
# 1898 in Scandinavian music

The following is a list of notable events that occurred in the year 1898 in Scandinavian music.

## Events

* 8 January – Jean Sibelius is awarded an annual stipend by the state, enabling him to become a professional composer.
* 26 June – The first Norwegian music festival is held in Bergen on the initiative of Edvard Grieg, lasting until 3 July.
* 19 September – Franz Berwald's opera Estrella de Soria, is performed at the opening of the new Royal Swedish Opera building in Stockholm.

## New works

* Elfrida Andrée – Fritiofs saga [Frithiof's Saga] (opera)
* Carl Nielsen – String Quartet No. 3 in E flat major
* Jean Sibelius
** King Christian II, incidental music for play by Adolf Paul.
** "Caprice" and "Romance (D minor)" from Ten Pieces, Op. 24
* Christian Sinding – Concerto for Violin in A major

## Popular music

* Olaus Alvestad – Norsk Songbok for Ungdomsskular og Ungdomslag
* Emmy Köhler – "Nu tändas tusen juleljus"

## Births

* 5 January – Rolf Gammleng, Norwegian violinist and administrator (died 1984)
* 2 June – Ola Isene, Norwegian operatic baritone (died 1973)
* 24 July – Svea Nordblad Welander, Swedish organist, violist and composer (died 1985)
* 4 December – Reimar Riefling, Norwegian pianist and music critic (died 1981)

## Deaths

* 24 January – Fredrik Kjellstrand, Swedish composer (born 1826)
* 12 March – Zachris Topelius, Finnish poet, novelist and librettist (born 1818)
* 28 October – Erika Stang, Norwegian pianist and composer (born 1861)
# Julatten, Queensland

Julatten is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Julatten had a population of 1,020 people.

## Geography

Julatten is on the eastern edge of the Atherton Tableland (about 450 metres (1,476 ft) above sea level). The steep north-eastern part of the locality consists of protected areas being the Mount Lewis National Park and the Mowbray National Park.
The Mossman - Mount Molloy Road (also known as the Rex Range Road) traverses the locality from the north-east on the coastal plain up to the south-west passing through the area of Julatten on the tableland.
Julatten produces sugar cane and beef cattle and has barramundi farms.

## History

The area, which was settled in the early 1920s and originally known as Bushy Creek, takes its name from the railway station, which in turn was named by the Queensland Railways Department and is an Aboriginal word meaning small creek. The railway was opened to Rumula on 5 December 1926.
Bushy Creek State School opened on 27 August 1923. It was renamed Julatten State School in 1975.
In 1926, Charles May of Mossman proposed that a road should be built across the Great Dividing Range to connect Julatten with Mossman. After difficulties in choosing a route, The Mossman - Mount Molloy Road was officially opened on 2 January 1949 by the Queensland Minister for Agriculture Harold Collins. It was also named the Rex Range Road in honour of R.D. Rex, the Chairman of Douglas Shire who persisted in his efforts to see the road built. In January 2020, a memorial to Charles May was established on a lookout
Euluma State School opened circa 1935 and closed circa 1951.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, the locality of Julatten had a population of 1,091 people.
In the 2021 census, the locality of Julatten had a population of 1,020 people.

## Education

Julatten State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 1141 Euluma Creek Road (16°36′28″S 145°20′32″E﻿ / ﻿16.6077°S 145.3421°E﻿ / -16.6077; 145.3421﻿ (Julatten State School)). In 2016, the school had an enrolment of 69 students with 6 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 57 students with 5 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent).
There is no secondary school in Julatten. The nearest secondary school is Mossman State High School in Mossman to the north.

## Attractions

On the ascent/descent of the range on the Mossman - Mount Molloy Road is the Lyons Lookout with a good view across the coastal areas to the north-east. There is a memorial commemorating the sealing of the road.
Julatten is a good area to see Wet Tropics bird species including endemic species.
# In Corpore

In Corpore is a 2020 Australian drama anthology film directed by Sarah Jayne and Ivan Malekin, starring Clara Francesca Pagone, Naomi Said, Kelsey Gillis, Sarah Timm, Christopher Dingli, Frank Fazio and Timothy McCown Reynolds.

## Plot

A sensual, sex-positive exploration of contemporary relationships, shown through four anthological stories set in Melbourne, Malta, Berlin and New York. In Melbourne, polyamorous Julia strays from the protocols of her marriage to a monogamous partner; in Malta, Anna hides a secret from her husband Manny; in Berlin, sugar baby Milana alienates her real life lover Rosalie; and in New York Julia faces the consequences of her affair. In Corpore delves deep into the gray areas of relationships, revealing couples under strain, loyalties tested, and what happens when one partner’s desires deviate from the expectations of the relationship – be it traditional or open.

## Cast

* Clara Francesca Pagone as Julia
* Naomi Said as Anna
* Kelsey Gillis as Milana
* Sarah Timm as Rosalie
* Christopher Dingli as Manny
* Frank Fazio as Henri
* Timothy McCown Reynolds as Patrick
* Amelia June as Zara
* Simone Alamango as Nina
* Don Bridges as Tim
* Naomi Lisner as Anita

## Release

The film was released on 26 November 2020.

## Reception

Andrew Stover of Film Threat gave the film a score of 7.5/10 and called it "Fearlessly acted, adequately shot, and nicely edited".
Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter wrote while the segments "aren’t particularly strong on their own", they "coalesce to form an incisive depiction of how conflicting desires and philosophies can affect relationships."
Hagan Osborne of FilmInk wrote that the film "offers a unique look at contemporary relationships."
# Solventum

Solventum Corporation is an American health care company that was spun off from 3M on April 1, 2024.

## History
### Spin-off

On July 26, 2022, 3M announced that it would spin off its healthcare division as a separate company to streamline operations. The new company would assume 3M's business in wound and oral care, health informatics, and biopharmaceutical filtration. The sales of products in these fields accounted for about a quarter of 3M's total sales in 2021. CEO Mike Roman said that the split would "position 3M for the future, to create more opportunity and greater certainty".
Bloomberg News said that the move followed a period of declining profits attributed to shifting economic trends, and would "dramatically reshape a company known for diverse product lines, from electronic components to dental adhesives to Post-it notes". In fact, the announcement of the spin-off occurred the same day as a separate announcement that a 3M subsidiary, Aearo Technologies, had declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy after settling lawsuits alleging that the earplugs it had manufactured for U.S. military service members were defective and damaged their hearing.
Many observers placed this business decision in a larger trend of other industrial conglomerates that had undergone similar splits in the preceding few years. In November 2021, General Electric announced that it would spin off its health care, aerospace, and energy businesses as GE HealthCare, GE Aerospace, and GE Vernova, respectively; the same week, Johnson & Johnson announced that it would spin off its consumer health division as a separate company, Kenvue. Comparisons were also made to the decisions by Kellogg's and Toshiba to split into multiple entities, as well as United Technologies's spin-off of Otis Worldwide and Carrier Global before its merger with Raytheon. 3M itself sold its food safety business to Neogen in September 2022.
On January 24, 2023, the health care business was registered as a corporation in Delaware under the provisional name "3M Health Care Co.". On November 16, 2023, 3M unveiled that the new company would be called Solventum, a portmanteau of the words "solving" and "momentum".
The spin-off was completed on April 1, 2024, with 3M retaining about 19.9% of Solventum.
On February 25, 2025, it was announced that Thermo Fisher Scientific would acquire the company's Purification & Filtration business unit for $4.1B.

### Independent operation

The first CEO of Solventum is Bryan Hanson, who has served in the role since September 1, 2023.
# S. R. Jeyadurai

S. R. Jeyadurai (born 19 March 1969) is an Indian politician belonging to the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. He was a former Member of Parliament, representing Thoothukkudi constituency in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament) from 2009 to 2014.
Jeyadurai was born in 1969, in Mangalapuram, Thoothukudi. He did B.N.Y.S in The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R Medical University, Chennai and he holds a B.Sc. degree, and is an alumnus of the Pope's College, Sawyerpuram. He got married in 1999, and has five daughters. Currently he is living in Chennai.
# Akwáwa language

Akwáwa is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster spoken in Pará in western Brazil.

## Dialects

There are three distinct dialects:
* Asuriní (of Tocantins or Trocará), or Akwawa
* Suruí (of Tocantins or Pará), or Akewara
* Parakanã, Awaeté
Both the name Asuriní and Suruí are used for related peoples and their languages: Suruí of Jiparaná, Suruí of Rondônia, Asuriní of Xingú, etc.

## Phonology

The following is the Parakanã dialect:

### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | ɨ | |
| Mid | e | | o |
| Open | | a | |
* Vowel sounds are realized as nasalized when preceding nasal consonants.
* /e/ can also be heard as [ɛ] when in stressed position.
* /ɨ/ can also be heard as [ə] when preceding a vowel.
* /a/ can be heard as back [ʌ] when in word-final position. In its nasal form, it is heard as back [ʌ̃].
* /o/ can be heard as [u] when in unstressed position.

### Consonants

| | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Velar | Glottal |
| | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | plain | lab. | Glottal |
| Plosive | p | t | tʃ | k | kʷ | ʔ |
| Fricative | β | | | | | h |
| Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | | |
| Tap | | ɾ | | | | |
| Glide | | | | | (w) | |
* /β/ can also be heard as a glide [w].
* /tʃ/ can be realized as a glide [j] in final position, and as voiced [dʒ] in intervocalic positions.
# 1900 in Scandinavian music

The following is a list of notable events that occurred in the year 1900 in Scandinavian music.

## Events

* 2 July – The revised version of Jean Sibelius's tone poem Finlandia is premièred by the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Robert Kajanus.

## New works

* Hugo Alfvén – Vid sekelskiftet (cantata composed for the inauguration of the year 1900)
* August Enna – The Shepherdess and the Chimney-Sweep (ballet)
* Hjalmar Borgstrøm – Fiskeren (not performed until 2003)
* Jean Sibelius – Snöfrid

## Popular music

* "Stjernsången", poem with words by Esaias Tegnér, to a new melody by King Oscar I of Sweden.

## Births

* 11 April – Kai Normann Andersen, Danish film composer and songwriter (died 1967)
* 20 September – Uuno Klami, Finnish composer (died 1961)

## Deaths

* 7 January – Augusta Schrumpf, Norwegian operatic soprano and actress (born 1813)
* 26 January – Carl Leopold Sjöberg, Swedish composer (born 1861)
* 10 March – Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, Danish composer (born 1805)
# João Novais

João Pedro Barradas Novais (born 10 July 1993) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primeira Liga club Rio Ave.
He played 129 Primeira Liga games and scored 13 goals for Rio Ave and Braga, winning the 2019–20 Taça da Liga and the 2020–21 Taça de Portugal with the latter club, as well as having spells in Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.

## Club career
### Leixões

Born in Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto metropolitan area, Novais was in the youth ranks of FC Porto before concluding his development at nearby Leixões SC. He scored his first professional goal on 11 May 2014 in the final game of the Segunda Liga season, a penalty kick to equalise in a 1–1 home draw against C.F. União.

### Rio Ave

On 3 July 2015, Novais signed for Primeira Liga club Rio Ave F.C. on a four-year deal. He scored twice in his first season with the team from Vila do Conde, including the leveller in a 1–1 draw at Porto on 6 January. In 2017–18 he recorded a career-best eight league goals (mostly from free kicks), and two more in the Taça da Liga in a 3–2 group stage home win over former team Leixões.

### Braga

Novais transferred to fellow top-flight club S.C. Braga in May 2018, on a five-year deal after activating his €1.5 million buyout clause. He scored his first goal on 16 August in a 2–2 home draw with FC Zorya Luhansk in the third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League, though his side was eliminated on the away goals rule; his first league season at the Estádio Municipal de Braga yielded one goal, consolation in the 6–2 away loss to S.L. Benfica on 23 December.
On 25 January 2020, Novais was a last-minute substitute for João Palhinha in the League Cup final, which his team won 1–0 against Porto. Four days later he was sent off at the end of a 2–1 victory at nearby Moreirense F.C. for a foul on Abdu Conté, and missed the next game against Sporting CP through suspension. In the following season's Taça de Portugal, he scored a penalty kick in a 7–0 defeat of Clube Olímpico do Montijo in the fourth round, and came off the bench in the 2–1 final win over Benfica on 23 May 2021.
Novais was loaned to Alanyaspor of the Turkish Süper Lig on 19 August 2021 with an option to buy. He shared teams with compatriots José Marafona, Daniel Candeias and Wilson Eduardo during his one season.

### Al Bataeh

Novais cancelled the last year of his Braga contract on 11 August 2022, and signed for UAE Pro League side Al Bataeh Club. He scored on his debut on 2 September, concluding a 2–0 win at Ittihad Kalba FC on the first day of the campaign.

### Return to Alanyaspor

On 11 July 2023, Novais returned to Alanyaspor on a two-year deal.

## Personal life

Novais' father Abílio also played as a midfielder, being best known for his spell at S.C. Salgueiros in the late 1990s.

## Honours

Braga
* Taça de Portugal: 2020–21
* Taça da Liga: 2019–20
# United States v. Johnson (1899)

United States v. Johnson, 173 U.S. 363 (1899), was a United States Supreme Court case.

## Background

Johnson, while the U.S. District Attorney for the Southern District of New York, was claiming extra compensation as for special services in a suit to condemn lands for a mortar battery upon direction of the Attorney General at the request of the Secretary of War. He had presented two bills totaling $6,500, which the Attorney General approved and allowed, by which the Accounting Officers of the Government refused to pay.

## Opinion of the Court

In this refusal they were upheld by the Supreme Court. While the Act of March 2, 1889, 40 U.S.C.A. § 256 (which requires that all legal services connected with the procurement of title should be rendered by U.S. District Attorneys) was in force at the time the direction by the Attorney General was given to Johnson in 1891, the Supreme Court, nevertheless, made no reference to that Statute in the Opinion, but based its conclusions upon the Statute of August 1, 1888, 40 U.S.C.A. § 257, which required the Attorney General upon request of the appropriate officer of the Department "to cause proceedings to be commenced for condemnation", and upon the general statute prescribing it to be the duty of the United States District Attorney to prosecute all civil actions in which the U.S. is concerned. 28 U.S.C.A. § 485.
The Court stated the question as follows:
   The controlling question, therefore, in the present case is whether Johnson was Under a duty imposed upon him as district attorney to perform the services for which he here claims special compensation. If such was his duty as defined by law, then he is forbidden by statute from receiving any special compensation on account of such services; this for the reason that no appropriation for such compensation has been made by any statute explicitly stating that it was for such additional pay, extra allowance or compensation. Rev.St. §§ 1764, 1765 [5 U.S.C.A. §§ 69, 70]. On the other hand, if his duties as district attorney did not embrace such services as he rendered, and for which he here claims special compensation, then he is entitled to be paid therefor without reference to the regular salary, pay, or emoluments attached to his office.
Basing its opinion upon which it referred to as the "clear and explicit" language of the Statute (page 378 of 173 U.S., page 432 of 19 S.Ct., 43 L.Ed. 731) and upon its previous holdings in Gibson v. Peters, 150 U.S. 342, 14 S.Ct. 134, 37 L.Ed. 1104, and upon the Opinions of the Attorney General contained in 7 Op.Atty.Gen. 84;
9 Op.Atty.Gen. 146,
and 19 Op.Atty.Gen. 121,
and the views of the "second comptroller of the treasury" in Cousar's Digest 12, the Court came to the conclusion that Johnson "was under a duty, as district attorney, to represent the United States in the condemnation proceedings."