# 1825 in the United States

The following are events from the year 1825 in the United States.

## Incumbents
### Federal government

* President:
       James Monroe (DR-Virginia) (until March 4)
       John Quincy Adams (DR/NR-Massachusetts) (starting March 4)
* Vice President:
       Daniel D. Tompkins (DR-New York) (until March 4)
       John C. Calhoun (D-South Carolina) (starting March 4)
* Chief Justice: John Marshall (Virginia)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives:
       Henry Clay (DR-Kentucky) (until March 4)
       John W. Taylor (DR-New York) (starting December 5)
* Congress: 18th (until March 4), 19th (starting March 4)
* Governors and lieutenant governors
* Governors
* Governor of Alabama: Israel Pickens (Democratic-Republican) (until November 25), John Murphy (Democratic) (starting November 25)
* Governor of Connecticut: Oliver Wolcott Jr. (Toleration)
* Governor of Delaware: Samuel Paynter (Federalist)
* Governor of Georgia: George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Illinois: Edward Coles (Independent)
* Governor of Indiana: William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) (until February 12), James B. Ray (Independent) (starting February 12)
* Governor of Kentucky: Joseph Desha (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Louisiana: Henry Johnson (National Republican)
* Governor of Maine: Albion K. Parris (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Maryland: Samuel Stevens Jr. (Democratic)
* Governor of Massachusetts:
* until February 6: William Eustis (Democratic-Republican)
* February 6-May 26: Marcus Morton (Democratic-Republican)
* starting May 26: Levi Lincoln Jr. (National Republican)
* Governor of Mississippi: Walter Leake (Democratic-Republican) (until November 17), Gerard Brandon (Democratic) (starting November 17)
* Governor of Missouri: Frederick Bates (Democratic-Republican) (until August 4), Abraham J. Williams (Democratic-Republican) (starting August 4)
* Governor of New Hampshire: David L. Morril (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of New Jersey: Isaac Halstead Williamson (Federalist)
* Governor of New York: DeWitt Clinton (Democratic-Republican) (starting January 1)
* Governor of North Carolina: Hutchins Gordon Burton (no political party)
* Governor of Ohio: Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Pennsylvania: John Andrew Shulze (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Rhode Island: James Fenner (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of South Carolina: Richard Irvine Manning I (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Tennessee: William Carroll (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Vermont: Cornelius P. Van Ness (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Virginia: James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican) (until December 10), John Tyler (Democratic-Republican) (starting December 10)
* Lieutenant governors
* Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: David Plant (National Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: Adolphus Hubbard (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: John H. Thompson (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: Robert B. McAfee (political party unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Marcus Morton (political party unknown) (until month and day unknown), vacant (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: Gerard C. Brandon (no political party)
* Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Benjamin Harrison Reeves (Democratic-Republican) (until July), vacant (starting July)
* Lieutenant Governor of New York: vacant (until January 1), James Tallmadge Jr. (Democratic-Republican) (starting January 1)
* Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Charles Collins (political party unknown) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: William Bull (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Aaron Leland (Democratic-Republican)

## Events
### January–March

* January 10 – Indianapolis becomes the capital of Indiana (moved from Corydon, Indiana).
* February 9 – After no presidential candidate receives a majority of U.S. Electoral College votes, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams as President of the United States in a contingent election.
* February 12 – Treaty of Indian Springs: The Lower Creek Council, led by William McIntosh, cedes a large amount of Creek territory in Georgia to the United States government.
* March 4 – John Quincy Adams is sworn in as the sixth president of the United States, and John C. Calhoun is sworn in as the seventh vice president.
* March 17 – The Norfolk & Dedham Group is founded as The Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company.

### April–June

* April 30 – Upper Creek chief Menawa leads an attack that assassinates William McIntosh for signing the Treaty of Indian Springs.
* May 11 – American Tract Society is founded.
* June 3 – Kansa Nation cedes its territory to the United States (see History of Kansas).
* June 11 – The first cornerstone is laid for Fort Hamilton in New York City.

### July–September

* July 14 – The Jefferson Literary and Debating Society is founded by 16 disgruntled members of the now-defunct Patrick Henry Society in Room 7, West Lawn, of the University of Virginia.
* August 4 – John Murphy is elected the 4th governor of Alabama.
* August 19 – First Treaty of Prairie du Chien at Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin

### October–December

* October 25 – The Erie Canal opens, granting passage from Albany, New York to Lake Erie.
* November 7 – Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees are forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas. (See History of Kansas)
* November 12 – New Echota designated capital of the Cherokee Nation.
* November 25 – John Murphy is sworn in as the 4th governor of Alabama.
* November 26 – At Union College in Schenectady, New York a group of college students form Kappa Alpha Society as the first college social fraternity (it is the first to combine aspects of secret Greek-letter societies, literary societies and formalized student social groups).

### Undated

* The Osage Nation cedes traditional lands by treaty.
* The Cherokee Nation officially adopts Sequoyah's syllabary.
* Vancouver, Washington is established by Dr. John McLoughlin on behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company.
* Ypsilanti, Michigan is established.
* Vicksburg, Mississippi is incorporated.
* New Harmony, Indiana established as a social experiment, built by the Harmony Society and sold to Robert Owen.
* The United States Postal Service starts a dead letter office.
* Centenary College of Louisiana is founded in Jackson, Louisiana. The campus later moves to Shreveport, Louisiana.

### Ongoing

* Era of Good Feelings (1817–1825)
* John Neal publishing serially the first written history of American literature, American Writers (1824–1825)

## Births

* January 5 – John Mason Loomis, lumber tycoon, Union militia colonel in the American Civil War and philanthropist (died 1900)
* January 11
** Clement V. Rogers, Cherokee politician and father of Will Rogers (died 1911)
** Bayard Taylor, poet and travel writer (died 1878)
* January 25 – George Pickett, Confederate general in the American Civil War (died 1876)
* February 11 – Frank Pidgeon, baseball pitcher (died 1884)
* April 7 – John H. Gear, U.S. Senator from Iowa from 1895 to 1900 (died 1900)
* April 17 – Jerome B. Chaffee, U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1876 to 1879 (died 1886)
* June 1 – John Hunt Morgan, Confederate general in the American Civil War (died 1864)
* July 2 – Richard Henry Stoddard, critic and poet (died 1903)
* July 10 – Benjamin Paul Akers, sculptor (died 1861)
* July 15 – Joseph Carter Abbott, U.S. Senator from North Carolina from 1868 to 1871 (died 1881)
* July 19 – George H. Pendleton, politician (died 1889)
* August 7 – Jacob Wrey Mould, New York architect, illustrator, linguist and musician (died 1886)
* August 10 – Edmund Spangler, carpenter and stagehand employed at Ford's Theatre at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (died 1875)
* September 13 – William Henry Rinehart, sculptor (died 1874)
* September 17 – Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II, politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 1893)
* September 24 – Frances Harper, née Watkins, African American poet and abolitionist (died 1911)
* October 8 – Paschal Beverly Randolph, occultist (died 1875)
* October 25 – Francis March, comparative linguist (died 1911)
* November 9 – A. P. Hill, Confederate general (killed 1865 in the American Civil War)
* December 18 – John S. Harris, U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1868 to 1871 (died 1906)
* December 30
** Newton Booth, U.S. Senator from California from 1875 to 1881 (died 1892)
** Samuel Newitt Wood, politician (died 1891)

## Deaths

* January 8 – Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin and milling machine (born 1765)
* March 1 – John Haggin, "Indian fighter" and early settler of Kentucky (born 0420)
* March 4 – Hercules Mulligan, tailor and spy during the American Revolutionary War (born 1740)
* March 4 – Raphaelle Peale, still-life painter (born 1774)
* June 1 – Daniel Tompkins, sixth vice president of the United States from 1817 to 1825 (born 1774)
* June 4 – Morris Birkbeck, writer and social reformer (born 1764)
* June 14 – Pierre Charles L'Enfant, architect and civil engineer (born 1754 in France)
* August 16 – Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, politician and soldier (born 1746)
* August 27 – Lucretia Maria Davidson, poet (born 1808; died of consumption)
* December 28 – James Wilkinson, soldier and statesman (born 1757)