OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bob Kaplan

Robert Philip "Bob" Kaplan, PC QC (December 27, 1936 – November 5, 2012) was a Canadian politician and lawyer.

## Life and career

Born in Toronto, Ontario, to Solomon and Pearl Kaplan and brother of Michael Kaplan. Kaplan attended and graduated from Forest Hill Collegiate after spending one year at Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute in Toronto, then received a Bachelor of Arts in 1958 and an LL.B in 1961 from the University of Toronto. In 1963, he was called to the Ontario Bar.
He was first elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for the Toronto riding of Don Valley in 1968, beating the Progressive Conservative candidate, Dalton Camp. He lost to PC challenger James Gillies in 1972. In 1974, he switched ridings to York Centre and won by over 16,000 votes, holding the seat for the Liberals after James Edgar Walker's retirement. In 1978, he introduced a notable private member's bill: Bill C-215, An Act respecting war criminals in Canada, which would have amended the Citizenship Act by stripping citizenship from Canadians if they had been convicted of war crimes. The final report of the Deschênes Commission, published in 1986, later stated that the bill would not have achieved the effect Kaplan hoped to achieve because there was no capacity to apply the Geneva Conventions retroactively.
He was re-elected in the 1979, 1980, 1984 and 1988 elections. He was the Solicitor General of Canada from 1980 to 1984, under Prime Ministers Pierre Trudeau and John Turner. He oversaw the creation of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service and the Security Intelligence Review Committee and the termination of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Security Service. Kaplan was also responsible for bringing in the Young Offenders Act in 1984 which established 12 as the minimum age for criminal charges, brought in shorter sentences for most offenders under the age of 18, and banned the public identification of youths charged or convicted of criminal acts in most circumstances. He also pressed for and oversaw the extradition of Helmut Rauca to West Germany for war crimes.
Kaplan retired from the House of Commons on the call of the 1993 Canadian federal election. He subsequently served as the Honorary Consul of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Canada and was awarded the Order of Kazakhstan by its president in recognition of his service to the Republic. He was a director of PetroKazakhstan Inc., Platexco Inc., and Rex Diamond Mining Corp. In 2004, he joined the Board of Directors of European Goldfields, a Canadian-based resource company involved in the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties in Romania and the Balkans.
Kaplan died of cancer on November 5, 2012. He was 75 years old.

## Archives

There is a Robert Kaplan fonds at Library and Archives Canada.
# Gold Medal Camp Furniture Company

The Gold Medal building is a historic factory complex in Racine, Wisconsin. The three-story brick-walled mill-type was built between 1894 and 1924. The Wisconsin Historical Society describes the complex as "one of the best remaining examples of a mill-type factory building" in the state.

## History

The Racine Camp Furniture & Novelty Manufacturing Co. was founded in 1890, to manufacture furniture for camping such as tents, folding chairs, and sleeping bags. Supposedly, after the company's furniture won a gold medal at the 1893 World's Fair exhibition in Chicago, the name was changed to the Gold Medal Camp Furniture Company. However, no gold medals were actually awarded at the fair, and there is evidence of the company using the Gold Medal name earlier. The company made the standard cots for the United States military and National Guard, and also created the modern director's chair after its No. 35 folding chairs became popular in Hollywood.
In 1979, Gold Medal established a second manufacturing plant in Baxter, Tennessee. In 1986, the company decided to consolidate its operations in the face of increased competition from overseas, and closed the Racine plant. In 2019, the complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places at the request of its owner, development firm J. Jeffers & Co., which is currently in the process of converting the historic buildings into an apartment building called Gold Medal Lofts.
# Clark County Airport

44°53′42″N 097°42′39″W﻿ / ﻿44.89500°N 97.71083°W﻿ / 44.89500; -97.71083
Clark County Airport (FAA LID: 8D7) is a county-owned public-use airport located two miles (3 km) northeast of the central business district of Clark, in Clark County, South Dakota, United States.

## Facilities and aircraft

Clark County Airport covers an area of 196 acres (79 ha) which contains two runways: 13/31 with a 3,697 x 60 ft (1,127 x 18 m) asphalt pavement and 3/21 with a 1,258 x 100 ft (383 x 30 m) turf surface. For the 12-month period ending June 28, 2022, the airport had 3,200 aircraft operations: 100% general aviation and <1% air taxi.
# Frattini

Frattini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Angelo Frattini, sculptor
* Franco Frattini, politician
* Giovanni Frattini, mathematician
** Frattini argument
** Frattini subgroup
* Francesco Frattini, cyclist
* Pietro Frattini, Belfiore martyr
* Enrico Frattini, general
* Federico Frattini, scholar
* Gianfranco Frattini, architect and designer
* Cristiano Frattini, racing cyclist
* Davide Frattini, cyclist
* Víctor Frattini, basketball player
* Marius Frattini, rugby league footballer
* Eric Frattini, writer
* Pierpaolo Frattini, rower
# Treaty of Alcaraz

The Treaty of Alcaraz was an agreement signed in Alcaraz around April 2, 1243, between Alfonso of Castile – the future Alfonso X – acting on behalf of Ferdinand III of Castile, and several representatives of the Muslim noble families of the Emirate of Murcia.

## The treaty

The Hudid Emirate of Murcia suffered internal instability following the assassination of Ibn Hud in 1238. By early 1243, the emir of Murcia, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hud Baha al-Dawla, faced a dual threat from the Order of Santiago and the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Pressured by these dangers, he proposed vassalage to Castile, sending his son as an emissary to Burgos.
The treaty was signed in April 1243 at the Shrine of Our Lady of Cortes in the Castilian town of Alcaraz, The treaty established a Castilian protectorate over the Emirate of Murcia, including the following terms:
* The Murcian rulers accepted vassalage to the Castilian monarch.
* Castilian troops would occupy the fortresses of the region.
* Castile would collect a portion of the region's taxes.
* In return, the Muslim population's religious practices and property rights would be respected.
* Muslim governors would be allowed to continue governing under Castilian oversight.

## Subsequent events

The cities of Lorca, Mula, and Cartagena refused to accept the treaty. Lorca and Mula were conquered in 1244, while Cartagena fell to Alfonso in the spring of 1245, with naval assistance from a fleet from the Cantabrian coast.
Christians became a majority within the city as immigrants came from all parts of Iberia with Muslims confined to the suburb of Arrixaca. The Mudéjar revolt of 1264-1266 in the Kingdom of Murcia effectively nullified any obligations that King Alfonso X "the Wise" had to honor the treaty's terms.
# Jawad Ouaddouch

Jawad Ouaddouch (born 4 October 1981) is a Moroccan former professional footballer who plays as a forward.
# Marcus & Co.

Marcus & Co. was an American luxury jewelry retailer from 1892 to 1962 in New York City.

## History

Marcus & Company, founded by William Elder Marcus and later joined by George Marcus and their father, Herman, a German-born former employee of Tiffany & Co., began as a partnership with George B. Jaques as Jaques & Marcus. The business changed its name to Marcus & Co. with the retirement of Jaques in 1892.
It was located at 17th Street and Broadway in Manhattan.
The designers used gemstones such as zircons, chrysoberyls, tourmalines, opals, garnets, beryls, spinels, and peridots. French miniature portraitist Fernand Paillet designed a pendant for them.
Marcus & Co. was also known for producing Art Nouveau jewelry featuring vibrant enamelwork in colors such as blue-green, dark green, and deep pink, which complemented the gemstones. Their jewelry incorporated French floral Art Nouveau motifs and often included coils of metalwork or softly curving gold lines, adding to their distinctive character.
Marcus & Co. distinguished itself by applying enamel on curved surfaces, like petals and leaves, giving pieces a lifelike, sculptural dimension that set them apart in American Art Nouveau jewelry.
Around 1900, Marcus & Co. incorporated synthetic rubies in select designs, demonstrating their forward-looking approach within Art Nouveau.
The company was sold to Gimbels in 1941. It merged with Black, Starr & Frost in 1962.
# Adherbal (king of Numidia)

Adherbal (Punic: 𐤀𐤃𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤋, ʾDRBʿL), son of Micipsa and grandson of Masinissa, was a king of Numidia between 118 and 112 BC. He inherited the throne after the death of his father, and ruled jointly with his younger brother Hiempsal, and Jugurtha, the nephew of Masinissa. After the murder of his brother by Jugurtha, Adherbal fled to Rome and was restored to his share of the kingdom by the Romans in 117 BC, with Jugurtha ruling his brother's former share. But Adherbal was again stripped of his dominions by Jugurtha and besieged in Cirta, where he was killed by Jugurtha in 112 BC, although he had placed himself under the protection of the Romans.
François Joseph Lagrange-Chancel's 1694 French play Adherbal, King of Numidia is based on his story.
# Fenestra

A fenestra (fenestration; pl.: fenestrae or fenestrations) is any small opening or pore, commonly used as a term in the biological sciences. It is the Latin word for "window", and is used in various fields to describe a pore in an anatomical structure.

## Biological morphology

In morphology, fenestrae are found in cancellous bones, particularly in the skull. In anatomy, the round window and oval window are also known as the fenestra rotunda and the fenestra ovalis. In microanatomy, fenestrae are found in endothelium of fenestrated capillaries, enabling the rapid exchange of molecules between the blood and surrounding tissue. The elastic layer of the tunica intima is a fenestrated membrane. In surgery, a fenestration is a new opening made in a part of the body to enable drainage or access.

## Plant biology and mycology

In plant biology, the perforations in a perforate leaf are also described as fenestrae, and the leaf is called a fenestrate leaf. The leaf window is also known as a fenestra, and is a translucent structure that transmits light, as in Fenestraria.
Examples of fenestrate structures in the fungal kingdom include the symmetrically arranged gaps in the indusium ("skirt") of the mushroom Phallus duplicatus, and the thallus of the coral lichen Pulchrocladia retipora.

## Zoology

In zoology, the trilobite Fenestraspis possessed extensive fenestrae in the posterior part of the body. In the Paleognathae, there is an ilio–ischiatic fenestra.
Fenestrae are also used to distinguish the three types of amniote:
   The ancestor of the amniotes is a primitive lizard, Hylonomus. From this reptile, three groups of amniotes would evolve: anapsids, diapsids, and synapsids. These broad groupings of amniotes are most easily differentiated by the presence and number of holes in the skull behind the eye socket. Those gaps, or holes, are called fenestrae, meaning "windows." The anapsids are the most primitive members of the group. They have a complete skull, with no gaps. ... The diapsids [including lizards, dinosaurs, and birds] have two fenestrae in their skulls, one directly behind the eye socket and one just slightly above. [160] The synapsids [including mammals] have just one fenestra, behind the eye socket.
# Bedford Block

The Bedford Block or Bedford Building is an historic commercial building at 99 Bedford Street Boston, Massachusetts, in an area called Church Green. Built in 1875 to a design by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears, it is a rare local example of a style promoted by John Ruskin called Venetian Gothic. The building was added to the National Historic Register in 1979.

## Description and history

The Bedford Block is located in the southern part of Boston's downtown, at the northeast corner of Bedford and Lincoln Streets facing the triangular intersection known as Church Green. The Bedford Block's exterior is constructed of polychromatic bands of New Brunswick red granite, Tuckahoen marble, and pressed terra-cotta panels manufactured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the first building after the Great Fire to use New Brunswick red granite as a material.
The first floor features rough rustic blocks. Upper floor details include arched bay windows, Viollet-le-Duc inspired iron balconets and flat column pilasters. Each roof gable is topped with a finial crown. There is a glazed tile clock is located in a 5-story tower at the northeast corner.
The building was designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears for Henry and Francis Lee as a retail shoe center in an area that had been destroyed by the Great Boston Fire of 1872. It included fire-prevention features added to Boston's building codes in the wake of the fire, including fire blocking internal brick walls.
The building was renovated in 1983 in conjunction with the Bay-Bedford Company.
# Barry Cheales

Barry Cheales OAM (born 7 February 1943) is an Australian gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
Cheales was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the 1994 Australia Day Honours for "service to the sport of gymnastics". He received the Australian Sports Medal in 2000.
# Clinton Municipal Airport (Arkansas)

Clinton Municipal Airport (ICAO: KCCA, FAA LID: CCA, formerly 4M4) is a city-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) northeast of the central business district of Clinton, a city in Van Buren County, Arkansas, United States.
This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.
Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this facility is assigned CCA by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.

## Facilities and aircraft

Clinton Municipal Airport covers an area of 52 acres (21 ha) at an elevation of 514 feet (157 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 13/31 with an asphalt surface measuring 4,012 by 60 feet (1,223 x 18 m).
For the 12-month period ending May 31, 2009, the airport had 10,400 aircraft operations, an average of 28 per day: 96% general aviation and 4% military. At that time there were 25 aircraft based at this airport: 72% single-engine, 24% multi-engine and 4% helicopter.
# HU postcode area

The HU postcode area, also known as the Hull postcode area, is a group of twenty postcode districts in England, within eight post towns. These cover the south of the East Riding of Yorkshire, including Hull, Beverley, Cottingham, Hessle, Hornsea, Withernsea, Brough and North Ferriby.

## Coverage

The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:
| Postcode district | Post town | Coverage | Local authority area(s) |
| HU1 | HULL | Hull, Centre, Old Town, Albert Dock | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU2 | HULL | Hull, North of Centre, Wincolmlee | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU3 | HULL | Hull, Spring Bank, West of Centre, Saint Andrew's Quay, Hull Royal Infirmary | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU4 | HULL | Hull, Anlaby Common, Anlaby Park, Gipsyville | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU5 | HULL | Hull, The Avenues | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU6 | HULL | Hull, Dunswell, Orchard Park, Greenwood | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU7 | HULL | Hull, Bransholme, Kingswood, Sutton-on-Hull, Wawne | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU8 | HULL | Hull, Garden Village, Longhill, Sutton-on-Hull, Sutton Ings | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU9 | HULL | Hull, Drypool, Victoria Dock, Marfleet, Preston Road, Greatfield, Bilton Grange | Kingston upon Hull |
| HU10 | HULL | Anlaby, Kirk Ella, West Ella, Willerby | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU11 | HULL | Bilton | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU12 | HULL | Hedon, Patrington, Preston | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU13 | HESSLE | Hull, Hessle | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU14 | NORTH FERRIBY | North Ferriby, Melton, Swanland | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU15 | BROUGH | Elloughton-cum-Brough, South Cave, Welton | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU16 | COTTINGHAM | Hull, Cottingham, Eppleworth, Raywell, Skidby | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU17 | BEVERLEY | Beverley, Bishop Burton, Walkington | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU18 | HORNSEA | Hornsea, Mappleton, Rolston | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU19 | WITHERNSEA | Withernsea, Hollym, Holmpton, Out Newton, Rimswell, Waxholme | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| HU20 | COTTINGHAM | High Hunsley, Little Weighton, Low Hunsley, Riplingham | East Riding of Yorkshire |
# Graded-commutative ring

In algebra, a graded-commutative ring (also called a skew-commutative ring) is a graded ring that is commutative in the graded sense; that is, homogeneous elements x, y satisfy
    $xy=(-1)^{|x||y|}yx,$
where |x | and |y | denote the degrees of x and y.
A commutative (non-graded) ring, with trivial grading, is a basic example. For a nontrivial example, an exterior algebra is generally not a commutative ring but is a graded-commutative ring.
A cup product on cohomology satisfies the skew-commutative relation; hence, a cohomology ring is graded-commutative. In fact, many examples of graded-commutative rings come from algebraic topology and homological algebra.
# Banyan Productions

Banyan Productions is a production company located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Clients include Discovery Channel, the Food Network, Fox, HGTV, Lifetime, NBC, Nickelodeon/Nick at Nite, TLC, and the Travel Channel. Banyan Productions was founded in 1992 by Susan Cohen-Dickler, Jan Dickler and Ray Murray, the former host of Evening Magazine on KYW-TV 3 in Philadelphia.

## TV shows

* A Dating Story (2000-2004)
* A Makeover Story (2000-2003)
* Ambush Makeover (2004)
* A Wedding Story (1997-2004)
* A Baby Story (1999-2000)
* Adoption Stories (2002)
* Birth Day (2000-2003)
* Deliver Me (2008)
* Design Invasion (2004)
* Design Basics (2001)
* Discover Magazine (TV series) (1996)
* Epicurious (1998-2004)
* Furniture to Go (1994-1996)
* 48 Hour Wedding (2001)
* Gimme Shelter (1998)
* Guys Rooms (2002)
* Hi-Jinks (2005)
* Home Matters (1993-2001)
* Nice Package (2004)
* On the Inside (1997)
* Perfect Proposal (2003-2005)
* Renovations (2000)
The Reunion 1998 [TV series] first Docuseries Lynda Rose/Jennifer Paige reunion
* Surviving Motherhood (2006)
* Trading Spaces (2001-2007)
* Trading Spaces: Boys vs. Girls (2003)
* Trading Spaces: Home Free (2004)
* Travelers (1996-1998)
* The Princess Girl Diaries (2003)
* Voices of Scotland (1997)
* Walking with Dinosaurs (2003)

## Production

Travelers has been shot with the Sony DCR-VX1000 DV camcorder.
# Buffalo Main Light

Buffalo (Main) Light is a lighthouse at the mouth of Buffalo River/Erie Canal, directly across from the Erie Basin Marina in Buffalo, New York.

## History

The lighthouse was established and lit in 1833 and was deactivated in 1914. The foundation material was stone molehead and the lighthouse was constructed out of limestone and cast iron. The shape of the tower was octagonal and was 60 feet (18 m) high. The lens installed in 1857 was a third order Fresnel lens. The lens was later removed to the Buffalo History Museum.
This 60-foot-tall, octagonal limestone structure is the oldest still standing in its original location in the city of Buffalo. It replaced the original 1818 light on this site along the Lake Erie shore at the mouth of the Buffalo River. Presently, it is part of an outdoor museum located on the grounds of the United States Coast Guard Station.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
In 2010, the Coast Guard announced it would relinquish 4.6 acres (1.9 ha) of its 31 acres (13 ha) on the point and Congressman Brian Higgins obtained over $6 million to reconfigure the Coast Guard station to allow public access to the lighthouse. In April 2011, Erie Canal Harbor Development Corporation approved a grant of $170,700 to repair and restore the lighthouse in anticipation of public tours. The work was completed in August 2011.
# Chinese High School (Batu Pahat)

The Chinese High School (simplified Chinese: 华仁中学; traditional Chinese: 華仁中學) was founded in 1940, located in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia, with 2850 students as of January 2011. It was formerly known as the Overseas Chinese School (simplified Chinese: 华侨中学; traditional Chinese: 華僑中學).
# Bedford Brown Bethell House

The Bedford Brown Bethell House is a historic house at 2nd and Curran Streets in Des Arc, Arkansas. It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof and weatherboard siding. The main facade is symmetrical, with a single-story hip-roofed porch that wraps around the left side. The main entrance is framed by sidelight windows, and topped by a transom. A Palladian-style three-part window stands on the second floor above the entrance, with a half-round fanlight. The roof is pierced by hip-roof dormers. The lot is lined on its street-facing sides by an iron fence. The house was built in 1912–13, and is one of the city's finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
# Disa Records

Disa Records is a privately owned record label based in San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico. Specializing in Spanish language recordings, the company's works are distributed in the United States by Universal Music Group.
Univision Music Group bought a 50% interest in the company in 2001. In July 2006, Disa Records sued its American distributor and co-owner Universal Music Group for using "heavy-handed legal tactics" to obstruct a promised full buy-out of Disa Records by Univision.
In May 2008, Universal Music Group bought Univision Music Group and combined it with its Latin genre to become Universal Music Latin Entertainment.
At the end of a phase of execution of the transfer agreements complicated by the acquisition of Univision by Universal Music Group, Germán Chavez Moreno recreated, in 2013, a record label called Discos Sabinas that works, initially, in partnership with the artist representation company Remex Music and the music publisher Midas3 that are also owned by the Chavez family.
# Jayson Mena

Jayson Jordan Mena Gutiérrez (born 13 March 1992) is a Chilean footballer. His last club was Provincial Osorno.

## Honours
### Player
#### Universidad de Concepción

* Primera B (1): 2013

#### Deportes Puerto Montt

* Segunda División Profesional (1): 2014–15
# Julien Quercia

Julien Quercia (born 17 August 1986) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder or winger for Sochaux, Auxerre, and Lorient.
# National Highway 179A (India)

National Highway 179A, commonly referred to as NH 179A, is a national highway in India, which comes under Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India. It is a secondary route of National Highway 79. NH-179A traverses the state of Tamil Nadu in India.

## Route

Salem, Harur, Uthangarai, Thirupathur, Vaniyambadi.

## Junctions

    NH 79 Terminal near Salem.
    NH 179B Terminal near Harur.
    NH 77 near Uthangarai.
    NH 48 Terminal near Vaniyambadi.

## Project development

Four laning of national highway 179A has been taken up along stretch from Harur to Vaniyambadi. Salem to Harur stretch is part of Chennai - Salem greenfield highway project which is also part of Bharatmala Pariyojana scheme. Chennai-Salem Greenfield Corridor under the Bharatmala Pariyojana, a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project, is a 277.30 km highway that involves the development of the Tambaram to Harur Section of NH-179B, Harur to Salem Section of NH-179A, Chengalpattu to Kancheepuram Section of NH-132B, Semmampadi to Chetpet Section of NH-179D and Polur to Tiruvannamalai Section of NH-38.