# Western Maryland Scenic Railroad 1309

Western Maryland Scenic Railroad 1309 (officially nicknamed Maryland Thunder) is a preserved compound articulated H-6 class 2-6-6-2 "Mallet" steam locomotive. It was the very last steam locomotive for domestic service built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in November 1949 and originally operated by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway where it pulled coal trains until its retirement in 1956.
In 1972, No. 1309 was moved to the B&O Railroad Museum for static display until 2014 when it was purchased by the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad, who undertook a multi-year effort to restore it to operating condition. The restoration was completed on December 31, 2020, and the locomotive entered tourist excursion service for the WMSR on December 17, 2021. This was the first time an articulated locomotive operated in the Eastern United States since the retirement of Norfolk and Western 1218 in November 1991.
As of 2025, No. 1309 is currently out of service, getting new pistons and rods. Additionally, it is one of only two surviving H-6's, the other of which is Chesapeake and Ohio 1308, which is on static display at the Collis P. Huntington Railroad Historical Society.

## History
### Description

No. 1309 was based on a 40-year-old design, with mechanical lubricators, stoker, and superheater, the last of a series of 2-6-6-2s that the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) began in 1911. A very similar design, the USRA 2-6-6-2, was chosen by the United States Railroad Administration as one of its standard designs thirty years earlier during World War I.
The engine is a Mallet articulated locomotive. This design was a compound locomotive where steam was expanded once in smaller rear cylinders and the exhaust captured and expanded a second time in larger lower-pressure front cylinders. While compound locomotives are more efficient than single-expansion machines, the complexity of the design led to very few United States railroads using them after the turn of the century. The additional length of two sets of cylinders required the engines to be articulated to enable operation on tight radius turns common in mountainous areas in West Virginia and Kentucky coal country, adding even more complexity. It also had two cross compound air compressors mounted on the smokebox door to supply enough air for frequent heavy braking needed in mountain railroading. While complicated and uncommon, the C&O had a long history with Mallets and they were ideal for slow speed work in West Virginia.
The C&O ordered twenty-five locomotives from Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in 1948 to pull coal trains. When coal production dramatically fell due to labor unrest in 1949, the order was revised to just ten locomotives (Nos. 1300–1309), and No. 1309 became the last Class 1 domestic steam locomotive built by BLW.

### Revenue service and retirement

No. 1309 was assigned by C&O to pull heavy coal trains in the mountainous terrain of West Virginia and Kentucky. At the time the locomotive was ordered, the C&O was unprepared for dieselization of their fleet. In the early 1950s, when the C&O decided dieselization was inevitable, crews of the railroad opted not to maintain the new 2-6-6-2s, since they were only to last a few more years in service. No. 1309 was retired from revenue service in 1956, after which it was stored for nearly twenty years by the C&O's roundhouse at Peach Creek, West Virginia. No. 1309, along with several other steam locomotives, were removed from storage in 1972 for a cosmetic restoration and later moved to the B&O Railroad Museum in Baltimore, Maryland in 1975, where restoration was completed, and No. 1309 was put on outdoor static display.

### Western Maryland Scenic Railroad

In 2013, the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad (WMSR), which operated tourist excursion trains between Cumberland and Frostburg, Maryland, began searching for a larger steam locomotive to restore and operate, since their smaller locomotive, 2-8-0 No. 734, was mechanically worn out and was close to being due for its mandatory 1,472-day overhaul. By May 2014, WMSR decided that the No. 1309 locomotive was a good restoration candidate, due to its specifications matching WMSR's requirements, and the B&O Railroad Museum did not believe the H-6 matched their collection plans.
WMSR and the B&O Museum reached an agreement, and the WMSR purchased No. 1309 for its scrap value of $50,000. WSMR subsequently worked with the museum, TTX, Hulcher Services, and CSX to separate the locomotive and load it onto two separate heavy-duty flatcars, since CSX prohibited the locomotive from being towed on its wheels on the railroad's mainline. The disassembled locomotive was then shipped via CSX manifest freight train No. L341 from Baltimore to Cumberland, on July 21.
Upon arrival at WMSR's workshop in Ridgeley, West Virginia, No. 1309 was unloaded, and its rebuild began by the end of July. The rebuild involved returning all parts to meet or exceed original specifications. The WMSR claimed the locomotive would be "better and more reliable than it was in 1949". Upon disassembly, several parts of the locomotive were found to be in poor condition, and many of the parts had to be replaced, including the cab, several staybolts, and crown stays, while several patches had to be made to the firebox.
In early January 2017, the railroad stated that the reassembly process at the Ridgeley shop would begin that month and announced that the inaugural trip of the restored locomotive would take place on July 1, 2017; it began selling tickets for the excursion. That schedule was not met due to funding issues. The railroad had spent $800,000 but needed a matching grant of $400,000 from the state of Maryland to continue work.
In August 2017, planned operation in November was further delayed until 2018 after corrosion was found on the locomotive's axles, requiring additional work on the axles, wheel boxes, and crank pins. Restoration work almost stopped in November 2017 due to a lack of funding, although work on the wheels continued with donations. $400,000 provided by the state of Maryland had been spent and the railroad estimated it would take at least $530,000 more to complete the restoration, including $120,000 for the running gear and $115,000 for the boiler. The railroad was soliciting donations from individuals, seeking additional grants, and raising money with "freight photo charters".
In January 2018, Maryland state senator Wayne Norman proposed that Allegany County provide $530,000 to complete the restoration. The senator said there would be an economic benefit to the county in tourism, even drawing people from Europe and Asia. The county provides a $140,000 annual operating subsidy to the railroad, matched by $250,000 from the state of Maryland.
In February 2018, the restoration project suffered another setback when the railroad learned that an employee had stolen parts, including bronze bearings and wear plates, and sold them for scrap at a salvage yard. The thefts were discovered by the Allegany County Sheriff's Office after they were alerted by the scrap yard. Stolen parts included 12 original crown brasses and 12 hub liners. The parts would have to be remade as they were damaged during removal. The scrapyard had paid the employee a total of $14,662 for the parts, some of which weighed 300 pounds (140 kg). Formal charges were filed against the employee.
In June 2018, the boiler passed a hydrostatic test required by the Federal Railroad Administration. The boiler was pressurized to 25% above its maximum operating pressure of 210 pounds per square inch (1,400 kPa). Stationary test firings to check for boiler leaks occurred several months later. The restoration had cost $1.8 million as of mid-2018, including $800,000 provided by the state of Maryland. The Western Maryland Scenic General Manager John Garner estimated the final cost to be $2.4 million.
In September 2019, the project was again halted due to a lack of funds shortly after the front drivers were attached to the engine. The railroad said it would no longer make estimates of when the restoration would be complete. The total spent on the project was $2.8 million.
In February 2020, a new crowdfunding campaign was announced to raise $390,000 to finish the restoration. The organizers claimed the restoration could be completed in six months. In early May 2020, restoration work resumed and a successful fundraising effort promoted by Trains Magazine raised over $100,000 to restart the restoration. The WMSR estimated they were still around $200,000 short of completing the work and started developing a fund to cover initial operating expenses and facilities for fuel, water, and ash removal to name a few items.
On December 31, 2020, the restoration was completed and the locomotive moved under its own power for the first time in sixty-four years as part of a series of test runs to return it to operating condition. On November 19, 2021, No. 1309 entered its break-in run phase, running from Cumberland to Helmstetter's curve and back for testing. After numerous test runs, the No. 1309 locomotive finally entered excursion service on December 17, 2021, pulling the annual Polar Express train.
On February 25–27, 2022, WMSR and Trains Magazine hosted a private photo charter runby of No. 1309 hauling an 11-car freight train consist over Helmstetter's Curve. On May 6, 2022, a plaque was mounted inside No. 1309's cab, honoring former Trains Magazine editor Jim Wrinn, who died earlier in 2022 and had been deeply involved in the restoration project. Additionally, two more plaques were mounted underneath both sides of No. 1309's cab, honoring the late Jack Showalter, who originally ran the Allegany Central Railroad between 1988 and 1991 on the same line that the WMSR operated today.
During Father's Day weekend, No. 1309 was temporarily outfitted with a Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) 3-chime whistle, which came from a PRR class T1 4-4-4-4 locomotive. On October 14, 2022, No. 1309 pulled a fundraiser excursion in partnership with the Railroaders Memorial Museum to benefit the restoration project of the PRR No. 1361 steam locomotive with more than $13,000 raised and the latter's whistle being temporarily fitted on the former. In February 2023, No. 1309 was temporarily backdated to its original C&O appearance for the Lerro Production photo charters. In mid-2023, No. 1309 was temporarily out of service for maintenance work to its running gear and returned to service in early October 2023.
In January 2024, No. 1309 suffered some more running gear issues caused by a faulty lubricator, so the locomotive had to be taken out of service again to undergo further maintenance. It was discovered that No. 1309 needs new pistons and rods.

## Gallery

* No. 1309 on static display at the B&O Railroad Museum on October 29, 2009
* No. 1309 during its first test run on New Year’s Eve, 2020
* No. 1309 pulling a test train on Helmstetter’s Curve on December 16, 2021
* No. 1309 pulling a freight train consist on February 26, 2022
* No. 1309 in Ridgeley yard wearing the nickname “Super Choo” in chalk on its smokebox on July 18, 2022