OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rishikesh Shah

Rishikesh Shah (May 16, 1925 – November 13, 2002) was a Nepalese writer, politician and human rights activist.

## Career
### Political

Shah was a member of the Nepal Prajatantrik Party from 1948 to 1949. Between 1951 and 1953, he was the general secretary of the Nepali Rastriya Congress. He then became general secretary of the joint Nepali Congress-Nepali Rashtriya Congress front until 1956. Shah was Minister of Finance from 1960 to 1962. In 1962 he became chair of the Constitution Drafting Commission. Between 1967 and 1971 he represented the graduate constituency in the National Panchayat. In the Panchayat, he was one of the most prominent advocates of democratic reforms.

### Diplomatic

Shah was the Nepalese ambassador to the United States and the first Permanent Representative of Nepal to the United Nations between 1956 and 1960. In 1961 Shah was elected by the United Nations General Assembly to chair the International Commission to investigate the death of UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld, who had suffered an air crash over Congo. Shah was one of the candidates to succeed Hammarskjöld, but was defeated by U Thant. In 1962, Shah was appointed special ambassador.

### Academic

Shah lectured in English and Nepali at Tri-Chandra College 1945–1948. During the period 1947–1948 he served as Chief Inspector of Schools.
Shah served as visiting professor at the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India in 1970. In 1971 he served as Regents' Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, USA. He was a Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., and the East-West Center, Honolulu.
Shah authored several works about Nepalese politics and history.

### Organizational

Shah was president of the Nepal Council of World Affairs and in 1988 he became the founding president of the Human Rights Organisation of Nepal (HURON). Later, he left HURON.
# Cabinet of Zambia

The Cabinet of Zambia is the executive body of the government of Zambia, responsible for the administration and implementation of national policies and laws. Comprising ministers appointed by the President, the Cabinet advises the President on key issues and oversees various government departments and ministries. The Cabinet is led by the President and includes the Vice-President, who assists in coordinating government activities and representing the President in their absence. Each minister is responsible for a specific portfolio, such as health, education, or finance. Currently the Cabinet operates under the presidency of Hakainde Hichilema, who assumed office on August 24, 2021. The Cabinet plays a crucial role in shaping the country’s legislative agenda and ensuring effective governance.

## Current Cabinet

The first cabinet meeting was held on September 17, 2021.
The Current Cabinet Ministers as of March 2025 :
| Incumbent | Office | Term began |
| Cornelius Mweetwa | Minister – Information and Media | September 25, 2023 |
| Mulambo Haimbe | Minister – Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation | June 5, 2024 |
| Mike Mposha | Minister – Green Economy and Environment | June 14, 2024 |
| Paul C C Kabuswe | Minister – Mines and Minerals Development | September 17, 2021 |
| Chipoka Mulenga | Minister – Commerce, Trade and Industry | September 17, 2021 |
| Frank Tayali | Minister – Transport and Logistics | September 17, 2021 |
| Reuben Mtolo Phiri | Minister – Agriculture | September 17, 2021 |
| Douglas Munsaka Syakalima | Minister – Education | September 17, 2021 |
| Elijah Julaki Muchima | Minister – Health | July 22, 2024 |
| Collins Nzovu | Minister – Water Development and Sanitation | June 14, 2024 |
| Elvis Chishala Nkandu | Minister – Youth, Sport and Arts | September 17, 2021 |
| Sylvia Masebo | Minister – Lands and Natural Resources | July 22, 2024 |
| Ambrose Lwiji Lufuma | Minister – Defence | September 17, 2021 |
| Brenda Mwika Tambatamba | Minister – Labour and Social Security | September 17, 2021 |
| Rhodine Sikumba | Minister – Tourism | September 17, 2021 |
| Gary G Nkombo | Minister – Local Government and Rural Development | September 17, 2021 |
| Jacob Jack Mwiimbu | Minister – Home Affairs and Internal Security | September 17, 2021 |
| Situmbeko Musokotwane | Minister – Finance and National Planning | September 17, 2021 |
| Makozo Chikote | Minister – Energy | July 20, 2024 |
| Peter Chibwe Kapala | Minister – Fisheries and Livestock | July 20, 2024 |
| Doreen Mwamba | Minister – Community Development and Social Services | September 17, 2021 |
| Charles Milupi | Minister – Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development | September 17, 2021 |
| Felix C Mutati | Minister – Technology and Science | September 17, 2021 |
| Elias Mubanga | Minister – Small and Medium Enterprises Development | September 17, 2021 |
# Russian Party (Russia)

The Russian Party (RP; Russian: Русская партия; РП; Russkaya partiya, RP) was a Russian nationalist party founded on May 17, 1991 by Viktor Korchagin. The original name was Russian Party of the RSFSR. By the spring of 1992 it had over 5 thousand members. In 1992, after an internal party conflict, Vladimir Miloserdov became party leader, although the split lasted until 1996, when Korchagin dissolved his faction. Under the party in 1993, a paramilitary unit "Russian Guard" was created, which participated in the Defense of the House of Soviets. In 1996, the Russian Party supported Zyuganov's candidacy during the presidential elections in the Russian Federation. The most active regional organizations of the Russian Party were Saint Petersburg (headed by N.N.Bondarik) and Oryol branches (headed by Igor Semenov).
The party published antisemitic newspapers (Russkiye Vedomosti, Rusich), and also criticized Christianity and showed sympathy for Slavic neopaganism.

## Ideology

The party advocated the annexation of adjacent territories inhabited by the Russian-speaking population to Russia (Northern Kazakhstan, Donbas, Latgale, Crimea), if they have a common border with Russia. It also supported the independence of Transnistria. At the same time, Korchagin considered the independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria "the lesser evil" on condition of mutual exchange of the population. The party supported the implementation of market economic reforms while preserving the state sector of the economy and proposed the introduction of a state of emergency in order to achieve statutory goals.
# Bartholomew J. Donnelly House

The Bartholomew J. Donnelly House is a historic home in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at 801 North Peninsula Drive. On August 2, 1993, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
# Gaurishankar Udayshankar

Gaurishankar Udayshankar, Gaurishankar, or Gaga Oza (21 August 1805 – 1 December 1892) was chief minister of Bhavnagar state in Kathiawar, India from 1850 to 1879. He was very well known and well respected for his keen statesmanship.

## Life and career

He was born into a family of Vadnagara Nagar Brahmins from Ghogha near Bhavnagar.
He rose from being a revenue officer to state minister in 1847. On the death of the reigning chief, in 1870, he was appointed joint administrator in concert with a British official.
During his tenure, many improvements were introduced. The land revenue was based on a cash system, the fiscal and customs systems were remodelled and tree planting was encouraged. The Gowrishankar Waterworks was completed in Bhavnagar, on which six lakhs of rupees were spent. The Bhavnagar state began construction of a network of railway lines over the peninsula of Kathiawar. The British government acknowledged Gowrishankar's many services with the distinction of Order of the Star of India in 1877.

## Charitable and religious works

He helped to establish the Rajkumar College at Rajkot, for the education of native princes, and also the Rajasthanik Court, which, after settling innumerable disputes between the land-owning classes and the chiefs, has since been abolished. In 1879 Gowrishankar resigned office, and devoted himself to the study of the higher literature of that Vedanta philosophy which through his whole life had been to him a solace and guide. In 1884 he wrote a work called Svarupanu-sandhan, on the union of the soul with Deity, which led to a letter of warm congratulation from Max Müller, who also published a short biography of him. In 1887 he put on the robe of the Sanyasi or ascetic, the fourth stage, according to the Hindu Shastras, in the life of the twice-born man, and in this manner passed the remainder of his life, giving above ten hours each day to Vedantic studies and holy contemplation. He died, revered by all classes, in December 1892.

## Legacy

On December 20, 1959 - a biographical play was broadcast on All India Radio. This was authored by Jitubhai Mehta.
# Palazzo Michiel del Brusà

Palazzo Michiel del Brusà is a palace located in Venice, more precisely in the Cannaregio district, and overlooking the Grand Canal. The building is located between Palazzo Michiel dalle Colonne and Palazzo Smith Mangilli Valmarana.

## History

The palazzo was owned by the ancient and noble Michiel family. The family gave three doges to the republic, two of them, Domenico Michiel (1117–1130) and Vitale II Michiel (1156–1172), were forced to abdicate. The word brusà means "burned" in Venetian dialect, because in 1774, the palace was completely devastated by a fire due to the neglect of a maid. Only the original facade on the Grand Canal survived. Three years later, in 1777, the palazzo was rebuilt thanks to funding provided by the city. To commemorate the event, there is the Latin inscription on the facade: "Quos ignis consumpsit patria mementa majorum nepotibus patrios lares restituit s.e. vidus ianuarij 1777."
Today, Palazzo Michiel del Brusà is owned by the Global Art Affairs Foundation, a Dutch non-profit organization involved in the contemporary art and architecture.

## Architecture

The main façade is characterized by tripartition and symmetry, which is typical for a Venetian palace. The structure has two noble floors. Important elements of the facade are the two water portals on the ground floor and the quadriforas on the noble floors decorated by the traditional three-lobe Gothic flowers on the point of each arch. The quadriforas are flanked by pairs of single lancet windows on each side. The facade terminates with an attic mezzanine. All openings on the noble floors have projecting balconies and the typical gothic flower on the cusp of the arch. The interiors still preserve rich rooms decorated with stucco and frescos, mostly made by Jacopo Guarana.

## Gallery

* Internal courtyard
* Fresco with putti in the palazzo
* Entrance
* Entrance details
* Palazzi Michiel dalle Colonne and Michiel del Brusà
* Grisaille in the palazzo
* Gondolier sailing on the Grand Canal in front of Palazzo Michiel del Brusà in Venice.
# The Rise of the Murdoch Dynasty

The Rise of the Murdoch Dynasty is a three-part documentary series broadcast on BBC Two in 2020. Parallels have been drawn between it and the American series Succession. It is about the business magnate Rupert Murdoch and his political influence, the News International phone hacking scandal and his children's battles to succeed him.

## Participants

The documentary has a cast that includes the British politicians Nigel Farage, Michael Heseltine, John Prescott and Tom Watson, the journalists Piers Morgan, Andrew Neil, Peter Oborne, Alan Rusbridger and David Yelland, the strategists Steve Bannon and Alastair Campbell, as well as Hugh Grant, Alan Sugar and former president of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Max Mosley.

## Episodes

| No. in series | Title | Directed by | Original release date | UK viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Kingmaker" | Jamie Roberts | 14 July 2020 (2020-07-14) | N/A |
| 2 | "The Rebel Alliance" | Jamie Roberts | 21 July 2020 (2020-07-21) | N/A |
| 3 | "The Comeback" | Jamie Roberts | 28 July 2020 (2020-07-28) | N/A |

## Reception

In The Guardian, Tim Dowling opined that "While this political drama is no less gripping for being so familiar, it also feels strangely remote. On the one hand, it is hard to believe these events happened as long as a decade ago; on the other, it is difficult to recall the mood of a time when phone hacking was all we had to worry about".
# Robert's Robots

Robert's Robots is a British children's television show that ran from 1973–1974 on ITV. Robert Sommerby is the inventor of the robots, and he lives with Aunt Millie.

## Cast

The cast included John Clive, Nigel Pegram, Sylvester McCoy, Christopher Biggins and Jenny Hanley.

## Episodes
### Series one

* "Follow That Robot" 12 November 1973
* "Love at First Light" 19 November 1973
* "A Spanner in the Works" 26 November 1973
* "Dial C for Chaos" 3 December 1973
* "A Long, Cold Sommerby" 10 December 1973
* "Kill or Cure" 17 December 1973
* "Double Trouble" 24 December 1973

### Series two

* "One of Our Robots Is Missing", 11 November 1974
* "A Full Head of Steam", 18 November 1974
* "I Spy with My Little Ear", 25 November 1974
* "Courting Disaster", 2 December 1974
* "Gastronomics Anonymous", 9 December 1974
* "Rampaging Robots", 16 December 1974
* "Santa Claus-Trophobia", 23 December 1974
# Alternaria mali

Alternaria mali, also called alternaria blotch of apple, is a pathogenic fungus affecting plants. It is prevalent in the southern United States and elsewhere, and damages the leaves of infected apple trees.

## Pathogenesis

Aleternaria mali can overwinter as mycelium on dead leaves on the ground, in mechanical injuries in twigs, or in dormant buds. Primary infection occurs about one month after petal fall the following year. The disease is favoured by temperatures between 77 and 86 °F (25 and 30 °C), and by wet conditions. Infection occurs at optimum temperatures with 5.5 hours of wetting, and an outbreak can become serious within two days of infection. The fungus attacks susceptible cultivars using a chemical toxin. Affected plants exhibit circular spots on the leaves that enlarge as the disease advances. Normally, hyphae cannot adhere to the surface of the host, but under moist conditions light-grey mycelium might be present on the surface. Normally the fungus will not attack fruits except in highly susceptible cultivars; fruit-spotting may occur on the tree or in storage, particularly on fruits with already damaged skin.

## Plant defense

Plants' first lines of defense against A. mali infection are the physical barrier provided by the epidermis on the primary body and the periderm on the secondary body. A. mali can still penetrate the stomates and hydathodes of leaves.
As with most pathogens, Alternaria mali resistance involves a gene-for-gene relationship. Apple trees can recognize invading pathogens and mount a defense. Often, the plant may be able to resist the pathogen, even though it has no genetic resistance to same. Apple trees seem to have a weak defense to A. mali, base on the fact that no survivors if leaves has been infected.

## Control

Alternaria mali prevention consists of strict quarantine, never importing plants or scions from affected plants and collecting fallen or infected leaves and burning them in winter. Apple cultivars can be ranked in order of increasing resistance as follows: Indo, Red Gold, Raritan, Delicious, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Ralls, Toko, Tsugaru, Mutsu, Jonagold, Jonathan. Chemical control uses fungicides such as iprodione, mancozeb and captan. Disease severity is aggravated by severe mite infestation; thus good mite management is an important factor in preventing severe disease development.
# Wuchang railway station

Wuchang railway station is a major railway station on the Beijing–Guangzhou railway, the Wuhan–Jiujiang railway and the Hankou–Danjiangkou railway, located on the east side of Zhongshan Road in Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Founded as the Tongxiangmen railway station (通湘门站) in 1916, the station was moved several times and settled in the current location in 1957. It is the largest transportation center in Wuhan with daily traffic of 77,000 passengers and 20,000 packages as of 2000, and a record of 80,000 passengers per day during the Chunyun period as of 2008.

## Gallery

* Main entrance
* Ticket office
* Arrivals lounge
* Flyover
* Platforms

## Wuhan Metro

Wuchang Railway Station (Chinese: 武昌火车站), is a transfer station of Line 4 and Line 7 of the Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2013. It is located in Wuchang District and it serves Wuchang railway station.

### Station layout

| G | Entrances and Exits | Exits A-H |
| B1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 4 towards Bailin (Shouyi Road) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B2 | Southbound | Line 4 towards Wuhan Railway Station (Meiyuanxiaoqu) → |
| B3 | Northbound | ← Line 7 towards Garden Expo North (Xiaodongmen) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B3 | Southbound | Line 7 towards Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen (Ruian Street) → |

### Gallery

* Entrance C
* Concourse
* Line 4 platform
* Line 7 platform

## Bus

Bus No. 10 and Special Line 561 run between this station and Hankou.
# Elenita Binay

Elenita "Ellen" Sombillo Binay (born Elenita Gabriel Sombillo; November 9, 1943) is a Filipina politician and physician. She served as mayor of Makati from 1998 to 2001. She is the wife of former Vice President Jejomar Binay. She is the mother of former Makati Mayor Jejomar "Junjun" Binay, Jr., incumbent Makati Mayor Abigail Binay, and Senator Nancy Binay.

## Early life and education

Elenita Gabriel Sombillo was born on November 9, 1943, in Angat, Bulacan to Faustino Sombillo, a former vice mayor of the said town, and Loreto Gabriel. His father also owned a construction company, while her mother had an embroidery export business. Having been orphaned early, she worked at odd jobs like taking care of a relative's poultry, going to the market, and learning to type papers as she was determined to complete her studies. She took up medicine at Manila Central University. She then worked as a resident physician and OB-GYN at José R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center.

## Political career

Elenita Binay, though employed as a medical practitioner, ran and won as mayor of Makati after her husband vacated the post. She became the first female mayor of Makati, serving from 1998 to 2001.

### Corruption charges

Binay's (and private businessmen Li Yee Shing, Jason Li and Vivian M. Edurise, and Ernesto Aspillaga's) arraignment for graft charges was set by the Sandiganbayan's 4th Division on January 18, 2008. Binay was charged of alleged anomalous purchase of office fixtures and furniture for the new Makati City Hall from private contractor Office Gallery International from December 1999 to February 2000, regarding the acquisitions worth ₱13.25 million overpriced by ₱3.6 million. Binay was acquitted of two charges in 2021.
Binay faced charges of plunder, graft, and malversation for the purchase of ₱9.9 million medical equipment for Ospital ng Makati without public bidding during her term as mayor. The alleged falsification of purchase documents in 2000 and 2001 was also part of the accusations. She was acquitted by the Sandiganbayan in January 2024, which cited the prosecution's failure in proving her guilt beyond reasonable doubt; two of her co-accused were otherwise convicted by the court.

## Personal life

Elenita Sombillo met human rights lawyer Jejomar Binay while she was working at the José R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, with Binay then representing the DT Law Office in the hospital's court case. They later got married in July 1972, just before the declaration of martial law in September. They have five children: Maria Lourdes Nancy (born 1973), Mar-len Abigail ("Abby", born 1975), Jejomar Erwin Jr. ("Junjun", born 1977), Marita Angeline ("Anne", born 1979) and Joanna Marie Bianca (born 1988).
# Zhaxigenpei Lhakhang

Zhaxigenpei Lhakhang (Chinese: 扎西根培拉康; Tibetan: བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྒན་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་།), also known as Rainbow Valley, is a Tibetan Buddhist temple located in Cimei Village Committee, Lhozhag County, Shannan Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Situated 20 kilometers from Lhozhag County at an altitude of approximately 3,700 meters, the temple was designated a County-level Cultural Relic Protection Unit by the Lhozhag County Government in 2007.

## History

Founded in 1479 CE by the Fourth Karmapa of the Red Hat lineage, Awang Quzhai Yixi (Chinese: 阿旺曲扎益西), the temple is historically significant as a hub for Buddhist pilgrimage. Awang Quzhai Yixi established the Zhari Pilgrimage Route during his decades of spiritual practice, which remains a vital path for devotees. The temple houses rare cultural artifacts, including thangka paintings by Dondrup Gyatso, a master of the Menri (Chinese: 门当) painting school, and ancient Tibetan manuscripts, reflecting its role in preserving religious and artistic heritage.
Ecologically, the temple is encircled by snow-capped peaks ranging from 5,000 to 6,000 meters in elevation, creating a dramatic alpine backdrop. The lower slopes are renowned for their biodiversity, hosting 108 species of flora, many identified as rare medicinal plants. In spring and summer, the valley transforms into a vibrant spectacle as rhododendrons, azaleas, and wildflowers blanket the hillsides in hues of crimson, gold, and white, earning the site its poetic nickname "Rainbow Valley". The interplay of mist, sunlight, and snowmelt-fed streams enhances the ethereal beauty of the landscape, attracting both pilgrims and nature enthusiasts.
# Runi

Runi (Persian: روني) is a village in Dehrud Rural District of Eram District in Dashtestan County, Bushehr province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 744 in 130 households. The following census in 2011 counted 435 people in 97 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 450 people in 104 households.
# Addison Municipal Airport

Addison Municipal Airport (FAA LID: 2A8) is a city-owned, public-use airport located one mile (2 km) northeast of the central business district of Addison, a city in Winston County, Alabama, United States. It is located at coordinates 34°13′01″N 087°09′28″W﻿ / ﻿34.21694°N 87.15778°W﻿ / 34.21694; -87.15778.

## Facilities and aircraft

Addison Municipal Airport covers an area of 37 acres (15 ha) and has one runway designated 4/22 with a 2,631 by 112 ft (802 by 34 m) turf surface. For the 12-month period ending April 5, 2000, the airport had 1,416 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 118 per month.
# Pennsylvania Railroad class CC1s

The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) class CC1s consisted of a single experimental 0-8-8-0 steam locomotive built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1912. It was assigned road number #3397 and placed in service at the PRR Pitcairn yard in Pitcairn, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh. A subsequent class, the CC2s, was constructed after the tests conducted with this locomotive. Finding little advantage to articulated steam locomotives, the PRR scrapped it in 1932.