# Julius Cebulla

Julius Johannes "Jonny"$^{:69,91,96}$ Cebulla (30 June 1917 – 24 March 1999) was an East German policeman and party functionary of the Socialist Unity Party (SED).
Cebulla spent over thirty years, including three as department head, as an employee of the Trafficking Department of the Central Committee, a clandestine department mainly responsible for secret courier services and money transfers to the SED's West German affiliates. His career was aided by his good relationship with the Stasi.
Cebulla resigned during the Peaceful Revolution, only a few days ahead of the Central Committee's collective resignation.

## Life and career
### Early career

Cebulla was born in 1917 in the Upper Silesian village of Brinnitz to a working-class family. After attending Volksschule, he completed an apprenticeship as a carpenter.$^{:96}$
After being drafted into the Reich Labor Service (RAD) in 1937, he was conscripted into the Wehrmacht in 1938, where he served as a soldier throughout World War II. He then spent time as a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union until 1949, during which he attended an anti-fascist school.$^{:96–97}$
He returned to East Germany, where he joined the Volkspolizei as a guard and was soon promoted to command leader and later to house commander. That same year, he completed a one-year course at the Higher Police School in Dessau-Kochstedt. Between 1950 and 1953, he served as a department head and instructor in the Volkspolizei main administration. He was promoted to captain in 1951 after joining the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED).$^{:97}$

### Trafficking Department

In early 1953,$^{:25}$ he joined the apparatus of the Central Committee of the SED as instructor in the Trafficking Department.$^{:97}$ The Trafficking Department was a clandestine department, responsible for secret courier services and money transfers to communist and socialist parties in capitalist countries, especially the SED's West German affiliates, the German Communist Party (DKP) and the Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin (SEW), which received 70 and 15 million DM per year respectively. The department additionally financed the Deutscher Freiheitssender 904, a clandestine radio station of the banned KPD.$^{:65–69}$
Cebulla was initially appointed as one of five instructors responsible for "border work", coordinating secret transfers of material and people across the inner-German border to the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).$^{:25}$
Unlike most other high-ranking department cadres, Cebulla had good relations with the Stasi.$^{:44}$ Against the wishes of department head Adolf Baier, but with support from the Stasi,$^{:25,32,91,97}$ Cebulla was promoted to deputy department head on 15 July 1954,$^{:97}$ a position he would hold for the next 32 years, with a brief interruption from 1956 to 1959 to attend a three-year course at the "Karl Marx" Party Academy, where he graduated with a diploma in social sciences (Dipl.-Ges.-Wiss.).$^{:97}$
While serving as deputy department head, he furthermore earned a doctorate in political sciences (Dr. rer. pol.) from the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1971.$^{:98}$ Other department cadres, many disliking Cebulla for his closeness with the Stasi,$^{:32,98}$ alleged that his doctoral thesis was not written by him.$^{:98}$
In October 1986, Cebulla succeeded the retiring Josef Steidl, with whom he had a similarly tense relationship like with Baier,$^{:98}$ as department head.$^{:99}$ In this role, he worked closely with the "KoKo" under Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski.$^{:150–151}$ Cebulla was responsible for personnel matters, while Schalck-Golodkowski handled economic affairs of the SED's secret companies in West Germany. In this arrangement, Cebulla was known under the handle of "Szigulla".$^{:38}$
Cebulla resigned during the Peaceful Revolution on 29 November 1989, only a few days ahead of the Central Committee's collective resignation. He was briefly succeeded by Gunter Rettner, head of the International Politics and Economics Department.