# Monster House (film)

Monster House is a 2006 American animated supernatural horror comedy film directed by Gil Kenan in his directorial debut, from a screenplay written by Pamela Pettler and the writing team of Dan Harmon and Rob Schrab based on a story written by the latter two. The plot revolves around a neighborhood being terrorized by a sentient haunted house during Halloween. The film features the voices of Mitchel Musso, Sam Lerner, Spencer Locke, Steve Buscemi, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Kevin James, Nick Cannon, Jason Lee, Fred Willard, Jon Heder, Catherine O'Hara, and Kathleen Turner.
Produced by Columbia Pictures, Relativity Media, and executive producers Robert Zemeckis' ImageMovers and Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, the human characters were animated using motion-capture animation, which was previously utilized in Zemeckis' The Polar Express (2004). It was also Sony's first computer-animated film produced by Sony Pictures Imageworks and Relativity's first animated film.
Monster House was released theatrically by Sony Pictures Releasing on July 21, 2006. It received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $142 million worldwide against a $75 million budget. It received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film, but lost to Happy Feet and Cars, respectively.

## Plot

On the eve of Halloween, 12-year-old D.J. Walters documents his elderly neighbor, Horace Nebbercracker, stealing a girl's tricycle and scaring her off of his property, just one of many such incidents. D.J.'s parents leave for a convention, placing him in the care of his teenaged babysitter, Elizabeth, known as Zee. Later, D.J.'s best friend Chowder loses his basketball in Nebbercracker's front yard, and D.J. attempts to retrieve it. Nebbercracker furiously confronts D.J., but suffers a heart attack and is taken away by paramedics, leading the boys to believe he has died.
When Zee's boyfriend Bones visits, he recalls Nebbercracker stealing his kite and relates rumors that Nebbercracker ate his wife. After Zee kicks Bones out for being too rough, he sees his kite in the front door of Nebbercracker's house and reclaims it, only to be sucked inside. D.J. and Chowder investigate and learn that the house is a living, terrifying monster. The next day, the duo save a girl named Jenny Bennett from the house as she sells candy. Jenny calls police officers Landers and Lister, but the house intelligently stays quiet when the officers arrive, and they dismiss the report.
The children consult local supernatural expert Reginald "Skull" Skulinski, who speculates that the house is a rare ghost-object hybrid that can only be killed when its heart is struck. Realizing that the furnace is the heart, the children construct a dummy filled with cough syrup and offer it to the house to eat, hoping to put it to sleep. However, Landers and Lister disrupt the plan, and the house devours them all. The children explore the now-sleeping house and discover a shrine to Nebbercracker's wife, Constance, whose skeleton is entombed in cement. The house awakens, but Jenny grabs a chandelier and forces the house to vomit them back outside.
Nebbercracker returns from the hospital and reveals that Constance is the ghost possessing the house. He explains that when they first met, Constance was an unwilling participant in a circus freak show due to her obesity. Nebbercracker helped her escape, married her, and began constructing a house for them. On Halloween, children began harassing Constance, causing her to fall into the basement, where she was suffocated by wet cement. Upon the house's completion, Constance's spirit merged with it, forcing Nebbercracker to frighten children away for their own protection.
D.J. tells Nebbercracker that they must put Constance to rest. Overhearing this, Constance uses two trees to lift the house from its foundation and pursues her husband and the children. Chowder combats Constance by using an excavator from a nearby construction site, into which the children lure her. D.J. tosses dynamite into the chimney, destroying the house. Constance's spirit reunites with Nebbercracker before finally ascending to the afterlife.
Nebbercracker and the children return all of the stolen toys to their rightful owners, and D.J. and Chowder decide to go trick-or-treating, which D.J. previously felt they were too old for. During the credits, all of the house's victims emerge from the basement unscathed.

## Voice cast

* Mitchel Musso as Dustin James "D.J." Walters, the main character who investigates the house of his elderly neighbor.
* Sam Lerner as Charles "Chowder" Peterson, D.J.'s best friend.
* Spencer Locke as Jennifer "Jenny" Bennett, a girl scout who befriends D.J. and Chowder.
* Steve Buscemi as Horace Nebbercracker, D.J.'s elderly neighbor.
* Kathleen Turner as Constance "The Giantess" Nebbercracker, Nebbercracker's late wife whose vengeful spirit is possessing their house.
* Maggie Gyllenhaal as Elizabeth "Zee", D.J.'s babysitter.
* Kevin James as Officer Landers, a local police officer.
* Nick Cannon as Officer Lister, Landers' partner.
* Jon Heder as Reginald "Skull" Skulinski, a pizza delivery man, gamer, and friend of D.J. and Chowder who is an expert on the supernatural
* Jason Lee as Bones, Zee's ex-boyfriend who is rude and a member of a rock band
* Fred Willard as D.J.'s father
* Catherine O'Hara as D.J.'s mother
* Ryan Newman as Eliza, a little girl who has her tricycle stolen by Nebbercracker at the start of the film and reclaims it at the end of the film.
* Kevin the Dog as himself
* Jason Huckzo-Summerford as vocal effects of birds

## Production

Monster House was initially set up at DreamWorks Animation SKG, based on a pitch by newcomer Gil Kenan. Having just finished film school recently, Kenan had been having meetings with film producers for a while, but hadn't found any success, with a screenplay based on the Pac-Man video game series going unproduced. After Kenan received Dan Harmon's and Rob Schrab's screenplay for ImageMovers, Kenan had a meeting with head of story Bennett Schneir, where he was able to pitch his vision for the film. Schneir worked for Robert Zemeckis as the head of development at ImageMovers, and Kenan had a meeting with Zemeckis quickly thereafter, apparently due to the filmmakers wanting to get a director for the project as fast as they could. Upon impressing Zemeckis with his pitch, Kenan then had a meeting with Steven Spielberg, where he pitched the film to Spielberg in a presentation with some sketches and drawings he had drawn before meeting Zemeckis. By 2004, the studio put the film in turnaround, after which Sony Pictures Entertainment picked up the project and began production on August 23 of that year, with Zemeckis and Spielberg serving as executive producers.
The original screenplay of Monster House was, in Kenan's words, "absolutely brilliant and laugh-out-loud funny". Due to his experience as a storyteller, Kenan decided to preserve all the characters and the tone from Harmon's and Schrab's story, but added the idea that the titular house was possessed by a soul, leading to the creation of Constance Nebbercracker and the house's backstory. To help him revise the script and introduce Constance and Horace Nebbercracker into the plot, Kenan brought Pamela Pettler after reading her script for Corpse Bride (2005). They worked on the script at her house, and to meet the established deadline, they finished a draft quickly and sent it to Amy Pascal at Sony's Columbia Pictures. As work on the screenplay was underway, in a few months of preparation, Kenan had assembled a team of storyboard artists led by Simeon Wilkins in Studio City, Los Angeles to put up rudimentary boards with scratch dialogue and temporal score, with Khang Lee and Chris Appelhans collaborating on paintings for the film.
The film was shot using motion-capture, in which the actors performed the characters' movement and lines while linked to sensors, a process pioneered by Zemeckis for his 2004 film The Polar Express (2004). Zemeckis was in the process of starting filming on The Polar Express when he met Kenan, who visited the set to see how that film was filmed and discussed with Kenan how they would exactly shoot Monster House, deciding that they should prioritize the story before the filming technology, though Kenan always felt that the story should use animation to create a world with a living house, as he opined that making the house a viable threat and character would better work in an animated setting.
The casting for Monster House was a laborious process, especially for the lead trio, who were portrayed by Mitchel Musso, Sam Lerner and Spencer Locke. Kenan agreed with head of animation Troy Saliba that actors were needed to portray the roles in a believable way. Many of the film's artists interpreted the roles on set and enhanced the lead actors through posed animation that drove the exaggerations of their performances to make them feel subtle and real.
Ed Verreaux served as the production designer of Monster House. To design the neighbourhood where the story takes place, Verreaux realized that the film's setting needed to resemble that of 1980s films, like E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). During his discussions with Harmon and Schrab, Kenan was told that the film's setting was inspired by that of Wisconsin and Minneapolis. Verreaux and Kenan went together on a scouting trip to design the film's locations, which involved a visit to Universal Studios' backlot, during which they were granted access to the suburban street of The 'Burbs (1989), the neighborhood of the show Desperate Housewives and the house of Psycho (1960).
Monster House was the first animated feature film using the Arnold rendering software (co-developed at Sony Pictures Imageworks), and the first feature film entirely rendered with unbiased, brute-force path tracing.
Years after the film was released, Harmon received a letter from a woman whose 7-year-old daughter was having nightmares due to the film. Harmon wrote back, explaining that the story went the way it did because he had not finished the script when the studio took it, and hired other writers to change it in ways he did not approve of before stating that Kenan was a hack and called Spielberg a moron (although he later clarified he was just venting, and did not really mean the latter).

## Digital 3-D version

As with The Polar Express, a stereoscopic 3-D version of the film was created and had a limited special release in digital 3-D stereo along with the "flat" version. While The Polar Express was produced for the 3-D IMAX 70mm giant film format, Monster House was released in approximately 200 theaters equipped for new REAL D Cinema digital 3-D stereoscopic projection. The process was not based on film, but was purely digital. Since the original source material was "built" in virtual 3-D, it created a very rich stereoscopic environment. For the film's release, the studio nicknamed it Imageworks 3D.

## Reception
### Critical response

Review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 75% approval rating, based on 162 reviews with an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Monster House welcomes kids and adults alike into a household full of smart, monstrous fun." On Metacritic the film has a score of 68 out of 100 based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.
Roger Ebert gave the film his highest ranking of four stars calling it "one of the most original and exciting animated movies I've seen in a long time" and compared it to the works of Tim Burton. Ian Freer of Empire gave the film 4 out of 5 stars, stating "A kind of Goonies for the Noughties, Monster House is a visually dazzling thrill ride that scales greater heights through its winning characters and poignantly etched emotions. A scary, sharp, funny movie, this is the best kids' flick of the year so far." Jane Boursaw of Common Sense Media also gave it 4 stars out of 5, saying "This is one of those movies where all the planets align: a top-notch crew (director Gil Kenan; executive producers Steven Spielberg and Robert Zemeckis), memorable voices that fit the characters perfectly; and a great story, ingenious backstory, and twisty-turny ending." Roger Moore of the Orlando Sentinel also gave the film four stars out of five, saying "This Monster House is a real fun house. It's a 3-D animated kids' film built on classic gothic horror lines, a jokey, spooky Goonies for the new millennium." Scott Bowles of USA Today gave the film a positive review, saying that "The movie treats children with respect. Monster's pre-teens are sarcastic, think they're smarter than their parents and are going crazy over the opposite sex". Amy Biancolli of the Houston Chronicle wrote, "It's engineered to scare your pants off, split your sides and squeeze your tear ducts into submission." Michael Medved called it "ingenious" and "slick, clever [and] funny" while also cautioning parents about letting small children see it due to its scary and intense nature, adding that a "PG-13 rating would have been more appropriate than its PG rating." A. O. Scott of The New York Times commented, "One of the spooky archetypes of childhood imagination—the dark, mysterious house across the street—is literally brought to life in "Monster House", a marvelously creepy animated feature directed by Gil Kenan."
However, the film was not without its detractors. Frank Lovece of Film Journal International praised director Gil Kenan as "a talent to watch" but berated the "internal logic [that] keeps changing.... D.J.'s parents are away, and the house doesn't turn monstrous in front of his teenage babysitter, Zee. But it does turn monstrous in front of her boyfriend, Bones. It doesn't turn monstrous in front of the town's two cops until, in another scene, it does." In a dismissive review, Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote: "Alert 'Harry Potter' fans will notice the script shamelessly lifts the prime personality traits of J. K. Rowling's three most important young characters for its lead trio: Tall, dark-haired, serious-minded DJ is Harry, semi-dufus Chowder is Ron and their new cohort, smarty-pants prep school redhead Jenny (Spencer Locke), is Hermione.... it is a theme-park ride, with shocks and jolts provided with reliable regularity. Across 90 minutes, however, the experience is desensitizing and dispiriting and far too insistent."

### Box office

Monster House opened theatrically on July 21, 2006, alongside Clerks II, Lady in the Water and My Super Ex-Girlfriend, and grossed $22.2 million in its opening weekend, ranking number two at the North American box office behind Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. The film ended its theatrical run on October 22, 2006, having grossed $73.7 million in North America and $68.2 million overseas for a worldwide total of $141.9 million against a production budget of $75 million.

### Awards and nominations

| Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| Academy Award | Best Animated Feature | Gil Kenan | Nominated |
| Annie Award | Best Animated Feature | Monster House | Nominated |
| Annie Award | Directing in an Animated Feature Production | Gil Kenan | Nominated |
| Annie Award | Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production | Maggie Gyllenhaal | Nominated |
| Annie Award | Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production | Sam Lerner | Nominated |
| Annie Award | Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production | Spencer Locke | Nominated |
| Annie Award | Writing in an Animated Feature Production | Dan Harmon, Rob Schrab and Pamela Pettler | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Animated Feature Film | Gil Kenan | Nominated |
| Saturn Award | Best Animated Film | Monster House | Nominated |
| Saturn Award | Best Young Actor/Actress | Mitchel Musso | Nominated |
| Saturn Award | Best Score | Douglas Pipes | Nominated |
| Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards | Best Animated Film | Gil Kenan | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Awards | Best Animated Feature | Gil Kenan | Nominated |
| Online Film Critics Society Awards | Best Animated Film | Monster House | Nominated |
| Producers Guild of America Awards | Best Animated Motion Picture | Jack Rapke and Steve Starkey | Nominated |
| Florida Film Critics Circle Awards | Best Animated Film | Gil Kenan | Won |
In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Animation Films list.

## Marketing
### Video game

A video game based on the film was released by THQ on July 18, 2006, for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS.

### Printed media

A companion comic book was released on June 14, 2006, with the title Monster House. One of the stories was written by Joshua Dysart with a second story written and illustrated by Simeon Wilkins. The comic was focused on the lives of the characters of Bones and Skull. On June 23, 2006, a novelization of the film was released entitled Monster House: There Goes the Neighborhood. It was written by Tom Hughes.

## Potential sequel or spin-off

On March 25, 2024, while promoting Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire, director Gil Kenan addressed the possibility of a sequel or a spin-off movie.