# Autauga County, Alabama

Autauga County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 58,805. Its county seat is Prattville.
Autauga County is part of the Montgomery metropolitan area.

## History

Autauga County was established on November 21, 1818, by an act of the Alabama Territorial Legislature (one year before Alabama was admitted as a State). As established, the county included present-day Autauga County, as well as Elmore County and Chilton County. At the time, Autauga (aka, Tawasa) Indians lived here. They were concentrated at Atagi (meaning "pure water") village situated on the banks of a creek by the same name (called "Pearl Water Creek" by settlers); it is a tributary of the Alabama River. Other scholars suggest the Creek word atigi, meaning "border," as the source of the name Autauga.
The Autauga were a band of the Alibamu tribe, and named after their geographic location. The Alibamu eventually were absorbed into the Creek Confederacy. During Andrew Jackson's invasion of the area during the Creek War, as part of the War of 1812, the Autaga sent many warriors to resist. The county was part of the territory ceded in 1814 by the Creek Confederacy in the Treaty of Fort Jackson.
The territorial legislature designated the first county seat as Jackson's Mill, but the court met there only briefly, choosing to select a permanent seat at Washington. The new county seat was built on the former site of Atagi village in the southeast corner of the county. With population growth more in the west of the county, the county seat was moved to a more central location at Kingston in 1830. Losing business and residents to the new county seat, the town of Washington dwindled until it was completely deserted by the late 1830s.
Daniel Pratt arrived in Autauga County in 1833 and founded the new town of Prattville, north of Atagi on the fall line of Autauga Creek. His cotton gin factory quickly became the largest manufacturer of gins in the world; it was the first major industry in Alabama.
Pratt financially backed the recruitment at his factory of men for the Prattville Dragoons, a fighting unit for the Confederacy. It was organized in anticipation of the Civil War. Other units formed in Autauga County included the Autauga Rifles (Autaugaville), The John Steele Guards (western Autauga Co.) and the Varina Rifles (northern Autauga Co.). None of the fighting of the Civil War reached Autauga County. Pratt was able to secure payment of debts from Northern accounts soon after the war, lessening the disabling effects of the Reconstruction period in the county.
Immediately after emancipation in early 1863, Charles Atwood, a freedman who had formerly been enslaved by Daniel Pratt, bought a house in the center of Prattville. He became one of the founding investors in Pratt's South and North Railroad. It was exceptional for an African American to become so economically successful and prominent, and to own land in an Alabama city in this period.
In 1866 and 1868, the legislature established Elmore and Chilton counties from Autauga County. The county seat was newly designated as Prattville, which was the population center of the redefined jurisdiction. A new courthouse was completed there in 1870 by local builder George L. Smith. In 1906, a new and larger courthouse was erected a block north; it was designed in a modified Richardsonian Romanesque style. The building was designed by Bruce Architectural Co. of Birmingham and built by Dobson & Bynum of Montgomery.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 604 square miles (1,560 km$^2$), of which 594 square miles (1,540 km$^2$) is land and 10 square miles (26 km$^2$) (1.6%) is water. The county is mostly located in the Gulf Coastal Plain region, with a few rolling hills and forests due to its close proximity to the fall line of the eastern United States.

### Climate

The county has a prevailing humid subtropical climate dominated by its location in the Southern Plains ecological sub-region of the United States.

### Major highways

* Interstate 65
* U.S. Highway 31
* U.S. Highway 82
* State Route 14
* State Route 111
* State Route 143

### Adjacent counties

* Chilton County - north
* Elmore County - east
* Montgomery County - southeast
* Lowndes County - south
* Dallas County - west

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Autauga County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 34,823 | 42,154 | 41,582 | 79.74% | 77.25% | 70.71% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 7,428 | 9,595 | 11,352 | 17.01% | 17.58% | 19.30% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 186 | 217 | 184 | 0.43% | 0.40% | 0.31% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 194 | 467 | 873 | 0.44% | 0.86% | 1.48% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 12 | 22 | 22 | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.04% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 44 | 45 | 185 | 0.10% | 0.08% | 0.31% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 374 | 761 | 2,490 | 0.86% | 1.39% | 4.23% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 610 | 1,310 | 2,117 | 1.40% | 2.40% | 3.60% |
| Total | 43,671 | 54,571 | 58,805 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 58,805 people, 21,397 households, and 15,076 families residing in the county.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 54,571 people, 20,221 households, and 15,064 families residing in the county. The population density was 91 people per square mile (35 people/km$^2$). There were 22,135 housing units at an average density of 36 units per square mile (14 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 78.5% White, 17.7% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 1.6% from two or more races. 2.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 20,221 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68, and the average family size was 3.13.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 27% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $53,682, and the median income for a family was $66,349. Males had a median income of $49,743 versus $32,592 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,571. About 8.3% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.
In 2000, the largest denominational groups were Evangelical Protestants (with 18,893 adherents) and Mainline Protestants (with 3,657 adherents). The largest religious bodies were The Southern Baptist Convention (with 14,727 members) and The United Methodist Church (with 3,305 members).

## Education

Autauga County contains one public school district. There are approximately 9,000 students in public K-12 schools in Autauga County.

### Districts

School districts include:
* Autauga County School District

## Government

United States presidential election results for Autauga County, Alabama :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 20,484 | 72.43% | 7,439 | 26.30% | 358 | 1.27% |
| 2020 | 19,838 | 71.44% | 7,503 | 27.02% | 429 | 1.54% |
| 2016 | 18,172 | 72.77% | 5,936 | 23.77% | 865 | 3.46% |
| 2012 | 17,379 | 72.49% | 6,363 | 26.54% | 231 | 0.96% |
| 2008 | 17,403 | 73.61% | 6,093 | 25.77% | 145 | 0.61% |
| 2004 | 15,196 | 75.67% | 4,758 | 23.69% | 127 | 0.63% |
| 2000 | 11,993 | 69.69% | 4,942 | 28.72% | 273 | 1.59% |
| 1996 | 9,509 | 61.66% | 5,015 | 32.52% | 898 | 5.82% |
| 1992 | 8,715 | 55.92% | 4,819 | 30.92% | 2,051 | 13.16% |
| 1988 | 7,828 | 67.17% | 3,667 | 31.47% | 159 | 1.36% |
| 1984 | 8,350 | 70.07% | 3,366 | 28.25% | 201 | 1.69% |
| 1980 | 6,292 | 56.87% | 4,295 | 38.82% | 476 | 4.30% |
| 1976 | 4,512 | 48.32% | 4,640 | 49.69% | 186 | 1.99% |
| 1972 | 5,367 | 75.17% | 1,593 | 22.31% | 180 | 2.52% |
| 1968 | 606 | 7.79% | 1,553 | 19.97% | 5,617 | 72.24% |
| 1964 | 2,969 | 85.83% | 0 | 0.00% | 490 | 14.17% |
| 1960 | 1,149 | 45.27% | 1,324 | 52.17% | 65 | 2.56% |
| 1956 | 857 | 37.47% | 1,161 | 50.77% | 269 | 11.76% |
| 1952 | 787 | 34.10% | 1,505 | 65.21% | 16 | 0.69% |
| 1948 | 110 | 8.55% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,176 | 91.45% |
| 1944 | 117 | 8.58% | 1,242 | 91.06% | 5 | 0.37% |
| 1940 | 99 | 5.69% | 1,630 | 93.62% | 12 | 0.69% |
| 1936 | 84 | 5.19% | 1,525 | 94.31% | 8 | 0.49% |
| 1932 | 138 | 9.37% | 1,322 | 89.75% | 13 | 0.88% |
| 1928 | 683 | 43.61% | 883 | 56.39% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 146 | 15.30% | 781 | 81.87% | 27 | 2.83% |
| 1920 | 210 | 18.44% | 918 | 80.60% | 11 | 0.97% |
| 1916 | 99 | 11.15% | 773 | 87.05% | 16 | 1.80% |
| 1912 | 43 | 5.07% | 622 | 73.35% | 183 | 21.58% |
| 1908 | 97 | 12.90% | 655 | 87.10% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1904 | 73 | 8.95% | 733 | 89.83% | 10 | 1.23% |
| 1900 | 537 | 34.36% | 980 | 62.70% | 46 | 2.94% |
The sheriff of Autauga County is Mark Harrell (R). The Revenue Commissioner for the county is Kathy Evans (R), the Probate Judge is Kim Kervin (R), the Circuit Clerk is Deb Hill (R), the Circuit Judge is Ben Fuller (R), the District Attorney is Randall Houston (R) and the District Judge is Joy Booth (R).
The legislature is the county commission which consists of five members all of whom are elected from single member districts. The current Commissioners are:
* District 1: Rusty Jacksland, Republican
* District 2: John L. Thrailkill, Republican
* District 3: Bill Tatum, Republican
* District 4: Jay Thompson, Republican - Chairman
* District 5: Larry Stoudemire, Democratic
Like much of the Southern U.S., Autauga County was historically a Democratic stronghold, voting for the party's presidential nominee in every election between 1880 and 1960. However, the county has switched in affiliation to the Republican Party over the past 50 years. The last Democrat to win the county in a presidential election is Jimmy Carter, who won it by a plurality in 1976.

### Emergency Services

Fire protection in Autauga County is provided by several local fire departments.
Emergency Medical Services are provided by Haynes Ambulance, with the exception of the city of Prattville, where the Prattville Fire Department staffs Ambulances.
Law enforcement agencies are the Autauga County Sheriffs Office and the Prattville Police Department.

## Education

The Autauga County School System is the county's sole public school system.
East Memorial Christian Academy is located in an unincorporated area of the county, near Prattville.

## Places of interest

Autauga County is home to several parks, such as Wilderness Park, Cooters Pond Park, Pratt Park, Swift Creek Park, Newton Park, Spinners Park, Heritage Park, and Overlook Memorial Park.

## Communities
### Cities

* Millbrook (mostly in Elmore County)
* Prattville

### Towns

* Autaugaville
* Billingsley
* Pine Level

### Census-designated place

* Marbury

### Unincorporated communities

* Booth
* Evergreen
* Jones
* Kingston
* Mulberry

### Ghost town

* Washington

### County subdivisions

The United States Census Bureau divides counties into county subdivisions. In Autauga County, these are currently in to form of census county divisions. The county's historical subdivisions and their populations in the decennial censuses are as follows:

#### 1850–1880

| Subdivision | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 |
| Beat 1, Prattville | 672 | 3,260 | 3,675 | 4,236 |
| Beat 2, Autaugaville | 82 | 2,119 | 2,387 | 2,385 |
| Beat 3, Mulberry | 1,366 | 1,598 | 1,551 | 1,764 |
| Beat 4, Milton | 1,393 | 1,125 | 1,595 | 2,030 |
| Beat 5, Independence | 1,270 | 800 | 1,137 | 1,102 |
| Beat 6, Kingston (1850–1870) Beat 6, Pine Flat (1880) | 351 | 1,960 | 1,278 | 1,591 |
| Undefined | 9,889 | 5,887 | — | — |
| County total | 15,023 | 16,739 | 11,623 | 13,108 |

#### 1890–1950

| Subdivision | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 |
| Precinct 1, Prattville | 3,143 | 4,679 | 5,745 | 5,102 | 5,838 | 7,272 | 8,550 |
| Precinct 2, Washington | 1,037 | 1,611 | 1,552 | 1,457 | 1,284 | 860 | — |
| Precinct 3, Autaugaville | 2,025 | 2,273 | 2,257 | 2,411 | 2,405 | 1,904 | 1,641 |
| Precinct 4, Mulberry | 1,318 | 1,211 | 1,193 | 1,080 | 1,260 | 1,182 | 652 |
| Precinct 5, Days Bend | 448 | 499 | 391 | 343 | 308 | 480 | — |
| Precinct 6, Milton | 1,231 | 972 | 781 | 704 | 695 | 835 | 401 |
| Precinct 7, Bethel | 639 | 1,061 | 1,247 | 1,141 | 991 | 946 | 808 |
| Precinct 8, Big Springs (including Billingsley) | 360 | 841 | 1,452 | 1,258 | 1,421 | 1,737 | 1,253 |
| Precinct 9, Independence | 892 | 1,228 | 1,154 | 1,265 | 1,023 | 1,592 | 1,125 |
| Precinct 10, Liberty | 1,235 | 1,804 | 2,095 | 1,964 | 2,628 | 1,927 | 1,993 |
| Precinct 11, Mountain Creek | 1,002 | 961 | 1,340 | 1,290 | 1,340 | 1,978 | 1,101 |
| Precinct 12, Statesville | — | 775 | 831 | 893 | 501 | 264 | 662 |
| County total | 13,330 | 17,915 | 20,038 | 18,908 | 19,694 | 20,977 | 18,186 |

#### 1960–present

| Subdivision | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
| Autaugaville CCD | 3,354 | 2,876 | 3,163 | 2,983 | 2,982 | 3,320 | 3,185 |
| Billingsley CCD | 2,131 | 1,952 | 2,172 | 2,282 | 2,677 | 2,894 | 2,645 |
| Marbury CCD | 2,476 | 2,198 | 2,835 | 3,590 | 4,629 | 5,675 | 6,359 |
| Prattville CCD | 10,778 | 17,434 | 24,089 | 25,367 | 33,383 | 42,682 | 46,616 |
| County total | 18,739 | 24,460 | 32,259 | 34,222 | 43,671 | 54,571 | 58,805 |

#### County subdivision notes

* 1 2 3 In 1871, Beats 1 and 5 added parts of Beat 6, which was renamed.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000009F-QINU`"'
* 1 2 3 4 Includes population from areas lost to Elmore County in 1866 and Baker (Chilton) County in 1868–1869.'"`UNIQ--ref-000000A3-QINU`"'
* 1 2 Precinct 2 was annexed to Precinct 1 prior to the 1940 census, but were returned separately until the 1950 census.'"`UNIQ--ref-000000B7-QINU`"'
* 1 2 Precinct 5 was annexed to Precinct 12 prior to the 1940 census, but were returned separately until the 1950 census.'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BA-QINU`"'
* 1 2 Precinct 12 was split from Precinct 6 prior to the 1900 census.'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BC-QINU`"'

## Notable people

* Samuel Smith Harris, (1841-1888), born in Autauga County, Presbyterian clergyman, founder and editor of Living Word magazine, and bishop of the Diocese of Michigan.
* William Henry Lanier, (1855-1929), born in Autauga County, was a prominent educator who served as president of Alcorn A. and M. from 1899 to 1905. He also served as superintendent of Yazoo City and Jackson, Mississippi black schools.
* Wilson Pickett, (1941-2006), born in Prattville, Alabama, American recording artist best known for singing In the Midnight Hour and Mustang Sally.

## In popular culture

* Autauga County is the main setting of Rita Williams-Garcia's novel Gone Crazy in Alabama.