# Zhytomyr Oblast

Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukrainian: Житомирська область, romanized: Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (Ukrainian: Житомирщина), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 1,179,032 (2022 estimate).

## History

The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on September 22, 1937, out of territories of Vinnytsia and Kyiv oblasts as well as two border okrugs of Kyiv Oblast – Korosten Okrug and Novohrad-Volynsky Okrug.
The oblast covers territories of the historic regions of Polesia, Volhynia, and Podolia, which are reflected on the oblast's coat of arms.
Before the 18th century the bigger half of the oblast belonged to the Kyiv Voivodeship (Polish: Kijów), while the smaller western half around the city of Zviahel belonged to the Volyn Voivodeship. Following the treaty of Andrusovo, the city of Zhytomyr (Polish: Zytomierz) continued to act as an administrative center of the Kyiv Voivodeship.
Following the second partition of Poland, on the newly annexed territory was formed oversized Izyaslav Vice-royalty (Russian: namestnichestvo) which included former Polish territories in Volhynia, Podolia, and Kyiv land and centered in Izyaslav. However a couple of years later the Russian Empire annexed more territories of the Polish Kingdom during the third partition of Poland contributing to the complete disappearance of the Polish statehood. The Izyaslav Vice-royalty was reformed and the territory of today's Zhytomyr Oblast predominantly ended up in the Russian Volhynian Governorate and the city of Zviahel which was renamed as Novohrad-Volynskyi (Russian: Novograd-Volynskiy) became its administrative center. Later the administrative center was transferred to the bigger city of Zhytomyr (Russian: Zhitomir).
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Russian troops partly occupied the region. They were completely repulsed when the Narodychi settlement hromada [be; uk] (where Russian forces had been dug in from the opening of the offensive in late February 2022) was declared liberated on 4 April 2022.

## Geography

The total area of Zhytomyr Oblast is 29,832 km$^2$ (11,518 sq mi).
Among the points of interest it is important to mention the following sites that were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine:
* Church of Saint Basil the Great (Ovruch)
* Stone village state preserve
* Korolev Memorial Astronautical Museum
The Museum of Ukrainian home icons, which is the only one in Europe, is situated in Zhytomyr Oblast. It is located in Radomyshl, a small town, about 90 km (56 mi) away from Kyiv. The museum is the part of the Radomysl Castle historical and cultural complex. It was founded by Olga Bogomolets.

## Population

The current estimated population of the oblast is 1,268,903 (as of 2013). Zhytomyr Oblast is the most important center of the Polish minority in Ukraine, which numbers 49,000 locally.

### Age structure

    0-14 years: 15.8% (male 103,194/female 97,617)
    15-64 years: 68.1% (male 420,285/female 444,803)
    65 years and over: 16.1% (male 65,301/female 138,472) (2013 official)

### Median age

    total: 39.4 years
    male: 36.1 years
    female: 42.6 years (2013 official)

## Economy

The economy of Zhytomyr Oblast mostly deals with mining of granite and other construction stone, forestry, agriculture and various machinery manufacturing.
The northern part of the province is highly affected by the Chernobyl disaster: some of the towns and raions are devastated and are included in the Chernobyl zone, while others are prohibited from producing their own agriculture.

## Administrative divisions

Zhytomyr Oblast is subdivided into 4 raions (districts).
The districts of Zhytomyr oblast include:
* Berdychiv Raion (Бердичівський район)
* Korosten Raion (Коростенський район)
* Zhytomyr Raion (Житомирський район)
* Zviahel Raion (Звягельський район)

### Important cities and settlements

List of biggest populated places of Zhytomyr Oblast with population in thousands:
* Zhytomyr – 266.9
* Berdychiv – 76.2
* Korosten – 63.5
* Zviahel – 56.3
* Malyn – 26.2
* Korostyshiv – 25.4
* Ovruch – 15.8
* Radomyshl – 14.6
* Baranivka – 11.8
* Olevsk – 10.5

## Nomenclature

Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centers" (Ukrainian: обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Zhytomyr is the center of the Zhytomyrs'ka oblast' (Zhytomyr Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with Zhytomyr Oblast, Zhytomyrshchyna.

## Gallery

* Centre of Zhytomyr
* Zhytomyr Regional Administration
* Carmelite Monastery in Berdychiv
* Mineralogical museum in Khoroshiv
* Art museum in Kmytiv
* Kurgan in Nemyrivka
* Stone Village