# Boga and Tchabi massacres

On the night between May 30 and 31, 2021, jihadists from the Allied Democratic Forces (also known as Islamic State – Central Africa Province or ISCAP) attacked the towns of Boga and Tchabi, killing a total of fifty-seven civilians and injuring forty-seven others. The attacks were one of the deadliest massacres ever perpetrated by the ADF since its founding in the 1990s.

## Background

The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) was founded in Uganda in the 1990s, gaining prominence as an Islamist rebel group and conducting deadly attacks on civilians in the early 2010s. The group pledged bay'ah to the Islamic State in 2019 and began carrying out its first attacks under the ISCAP moniker months later. Beginning in 2021, the ADF carried out dozens of deadly massacres against villages in North Kivu, attacking villagers along ethnic and religious lines.
Boga and Tchabi are two towns located ten kilometers apart along the border between North Kivu and Ituri Province, where the ADF is active. Around 48,000 people lived in both towns combined; 30,000 in Boga, 18,000 in Tchabi. Boga was home to a displacement camp hosting refugees mainly from the Nyali people in one part of the camp and Banyabwisha people in another part. The head of the Nyali community in the area told Al Jazeera that they believed it was the same attacker for both villages. Banyabwisha are Rwandan refugees who had settled in the area since 2019, and were in a war with the Nyali over land rights. Médecins Sans Frontières warned Congolese and United Nations authorities in April 2020 about the chances of an ADF attack in Boga and Tchabi due to few defenses in the towns.
Prior to the attack, the Congolese government claimed that Congolese forces were unable to prevent the attack and establish a position as ADF fighters ambushed them as they were setting up the position. A battle ensued, and both sides retreated from the area.

## Massacres

The camp at Boga was the first attacked, around 1am on May 31. ADF fighters besieged the camp, and then indiscriminately shot civilians and burned down houses. A witness to the massacre in Boga said that he was alerted after hearing cries from his neighbor's house. When he arrived at the house, the perpetrators had already killed an Anglican pastor and wounded his daughter. Residents' houses were looted and torched, and vehicles located on the nearby road were burnt out. 26 people were killed at the Ruhindo displaced camp in Boga and three were killed in the Kinyanjojo camp. 47 others were reported injured in both the Boga and Tchabi massacres, and twelve people were still being treated in the Boga hospital as of June 3.
ADF fighters then attacked the town of Tchabi, killing over 24 people and injuring dozens of others. Some civilians were abducted from the town as well. Between both villages, 57 civilians were killed and 47 were injured, along with at least 25 civilians kidnapped. Some estimates by local civil society members and Gracien Iracan, a Congolese MP, assessed the death toll at above sixty killed. Forty of the victims were Nyali, and ten of them were Hema. Almost every one of the 48,000 refugees originally located in the towns also fled following the massacres, some to Uganda and many to Bukiringi. Many of the newly displaced refugees were sleeping in the bush to evade the attacks. Around 5,335 refugees were in these conditions as of June 6.

## Aftermath
### Perpetrator

The president of the Irumu Territory civil society stated that the attackers were suspected to be Banyabwisha members of the ADF, as the Banyabwisha section of the Boga camp was untouched during the attacks. These claims of Banyabwisha ADF fighters were reiterated by Jules Ngongo, the spokesman for the FARDC in Ituri. Congolese authorities confirmed the ADF's responsibility in conducting the attack on June 5.

### Reactions

Congolese authorities in Kinshasa did not immediately react to the massacres. David McLachlan-Karr, the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for the DRC, condemned the attack. Congolese authorities released a statement calling the massacres a humiliation and demanding justice on June 3. The European Union condemned the attacks as well.

### Subsequent attacks

On June 7, brief clashes occurred at noon between the FARDC and ADF near Boga. It was later reported that these clashes were caused by an ADF attack on the hospital in Boga, killing ten civilians and two of the ADF attackers. The hospital, which had previously served over 80,000 people in the area, was considered unusable.
MONUSCO and UN officials visited Tchabi and Boga between June 16 and 17, strengthening security measures in the area. Peacekeepers from Nepal, South Africa, Kenya, and Tanzania all were dispatched to hunt down the ADF nearby and protect the villages. Despite this, ADF fighters re-established a camp in Tchabi by June 18.