OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Russell Miller

Russell Miller (born c. 1938) is a British journalist and author of fifteen books, including biographies of Hugh Hefner, J. Paul Getty and L. Ron Hubbard.
While under contract to The Sunday Times Magazine he won four press awards and was voted Writer of the Year by the Society of British Magazine Editors. His book Magnum: Fifty Years at the Front Line of History: The Story of the Legendary Photo Agency (1999) on Magnum Photos, was described by John Simpson as "the best book on photo-journalism I have ever read". His oral histories of D-Day, Nothing Less Than Victory (1993), and the SOE, Behind The Lines (2002) were widely acclaimed, both in Britain and in the United States.

## Life and work

Miller was born in east London and began his career in journalism at the age of sixteen.
In the early 1980s, Miller decided to write a biographical trilogy on the subjects of sex, money, and religion. The books that followed were Bunny (on Hugh Hefner, published in 1984), The House of Getty (on J. Paul Getty, 1985), and Bare-faced Messiah: The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard (on L. Ron Hubbard, 1987).

### L. Ron Hubbard biography

In the 1980s Miller spent two years researching Bare-faced Messiah, a posthumous biography of the science-fiction author who had founded Scientology. The book challenges the official account of Hubbard's life and work promoted by the Church of Scientology and it was serialised in The Sunday Times.
While researching the book in the United States, Miller was spied upon. His friends and business associates also received visits from Scientologists and private detectives. Attempts were made to frame him for the murder of a London private detective, the murder of American singer Dean Reed in East Berlin and a fire in an aircraft factory. Senior executives at publishers Michael Joseph, and at The Sunday Times, which serialised the book, received threatening phone calls and also a visit from private investigator Eugene Ingram, who worked for the Church. Another private investigator, Jarl Grieve Einar Cynewulf, told The Sunday Times journalists that he had been offered "large sums of money" to find a link between Miller and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
# Abdessamad Bounoua

Abdessamad Bounoua (Arabic: عبد الصمد بونوة; Tamazight: ⴰⴱⴷⴻⵙⵙⴰⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵓⵏⵓⴰ; born 24 April 1991) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder.

## Honours
### Clubs

USM Bel Abbès
* Algerian Cup: 2017–18
* Algerian Super Cup: 2018
* Algerian Ligue 2: 2013–14
Olympique Akbou
* Algerian Ligue 2: 2023–24 (Center-East Group)
# 1896 in Scandinavian music

The following is a list of notable events that occurred in the year 1896 in Scandinavian music.

## Events

* 18 March – Danish composer Carl Nielsen conducts a performance of his First Symphony in Dresden, resulting in the start of his international success.
* 26 May – Jean Sibelius's choral work Hymn is premiered by an amateur choir at a memorial service in Helsinki.

## New works

* Eyvind Alnæs – Symphony No. 1
* August Enna – Aucassin og Nicolette (opera)
* Edvard Grieg – Lyric Pieces, Book VIII, Op. 65
* Andreas Hallén – Hexfällan (opera)
* Carl Nielsen – Hymnus amoris (cantata)
* Wilhelm Stenhammar – Excelsior!

## Popular music

* Sigurd Lie – "Sne (Snow)" (setting of poem by Helge Rode)
* Christian Sinding – "Frühlingsrauschen"

## Births

* 20 January – Elmer Diktonius, Finnish poet and composer (died 1979)
* 3 November – Trygve Lindeman, Norwegian cellist and music teacher (died 1961)
* 30 December – Hans Stenseth, Norwegian flautist (died 1994)

## Deaths

* 1 August – Wilhelm Herman Barth, Danish musician and composer (born 1813)
* 21 February – Fritz Arlberg, Swedish operatic baritone and composer (born 1830)
* 13 December – Emma Dahl, Norwegian opera singer and composer (born 1819)
# Guamote

Guamote is a town in the Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. It is the seat of the Guamote Canton.
Guamote is located on Ecuador Highway 35, between Riobamba and Alausí. Ecuador Highway 46 branches in Guamote to the east and connects it with Macas, crossing Sangay National Park.

## Climate

Climate data for Guamote, elevation 3,020 m (9,910 ft) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 18.2 (64.8) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.5 (63.5) | 17.7 (63.9) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 18.1 (64.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.1 (55.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.5 (56.3) | 13.1 (55.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.1 (55.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) | 5.5 (41.9) | 5.8 (42.4) | 5.5 (41.9) | 5.5 (41.9) | 5.0 (41.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | 4.9 (40.8) | 4.9 (40.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | 4.4 (39.9) | 5.0 (41.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30.0 (1.18) | 64.0 (2.52) | 71.0 (2.80) | 58.0 (2.28) | 32.0 (1.26) | 33.0 (1.30) | 16.0 (0.63) | 19.0 (0.75) | 32.0 (1.26) | 61.0 (2.40) | 41.0 (1.61) | 37.0 (1.46) | 494 (19.45) |
| Source: FAO ||||||||||||||
# Cromwell Opening the Coffin of Charles I

Cromwell Opening the Coffin of Charles I (French: Cromwell découvrant le cercueil de Charles Ier or simply Cromwell et Charles Ier) is an oil on canvas painting by Paul Delaroche from 1831. It can be seen in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nîmes.

## Creation

For the painting, Delaroche had a model with plaster figures made by stage designers of the Paris opera. His preparatory sketch of Cromwell's head has been preserved. It is also known that he extensively documented himself on Cromwell's attire.

## Theme

The painting depicts how Oliver Cromwell, during the English Civil War, opens the coffin of Charles I in Whitehall to examine his decapitated body. This legend – for it is not a historical event – was brought to life by historian François Guizot, who even had Cromwell lift the severed head. In the works of Walter Scott and Victor Hugo there are literary confrontations between Cromwell and Charles that may have inspired Delaroche. In his note for the Paris Salon of 1831, he quoted from Les Quatre Stuarts by Chateaubriand (1828), where a proud Cromwell convinces himself that the head is truly separated from the body and remarks that such a well-built man could have lived many more years. However, Delaroche's Cromwell does not reveal his state of mind so easily. With a somber frown, he examines the sharply lit corpse, with its reattached head and the bright red wound. The psychological ambiguity allows the viewer to see in Cromwell either grief or gloating triumph, and in Charles either a martyr or a defeated obstinate.
Delaroche's painting inevitably reminded viewers of the French regicide of 1793, especially since France was still shaken by the July Revolution at the time of its completion. The question arises what contemporary analogies Delaroche seemed to invite, although he denied this himself. Heinrich Heine was not the only one who wondered: if Charles I represents the beheaded Louis XVI, can we see Napoleon in Cromwell? In a broader sense, he perceived a world-historical struggle between the principles of heredity (Charles) and competence (Cromwell).

## Reception

The neoclassical-romantic history painting received mixed reactions at the 1831 Salon, where Delaroche exhibited no less than four works. His Cromwell attracted the most audience of the entire exhibition. This may have been due to morbid fascination or the feeling of participating in the taboo of a regicide. The new viewing culture that Delaroche helped shape had a direct impact on the viewer.
Critic Horace de Viel-Castel dedicated a laudatory review to the painting, while his colleague Victor Schoelcher rated the idea behind it higher than the aesthetics. Delacroix responded that same year with a painting that depicted the theme in a radically different way: a hesitant Cromwell in a small-format watercolor. This negative judgment on Cromwell Opening the Coffin of Charles I is also found in the writings of Baudelaire and Théophile Gautier ("That pair of bones looking like a violin case"').
# Farmers' Assemblies

The Farmers' Assemblies (Estonian: Põllumeeste Kogud) was a conservative political party in Estonia. Led by Konstantin Päts, it was one of the ruling parties during most of the interwar period.

## History

The Rural League (Maarahva Liit) was formed in 1917 following an article in the Postimees newspaper by members of the Southern Estonian Farmers' Central Society, which called for the rural population to form political groups to represent themselves. The new party published the Maaliit newspaper. In the Provincial Assembly elections later in the year the League received 22% of the vote and emerged as the largest party in the Assembly, holding 13 of the 62 seats.
After the elections the party became part of the Democratic Bloc alongside the Estonian Democratic Party and the Estonian Radical Democratic Party. The Bloc received around 23% of the vote in the February 1918 Constituent Assembly elections, which was cancelled. At the time the League was considering inviting the German Army to occupy Estonia to ward off Russian Bolsheviks. Konstantin Päts then joined the League to prevent this idea being implemented, and became its leader.
In the 1919 Constituent Assembly elections, the League performed poorly, winning only eight of the 120 seats and finishing in fourth place. The Estonian Labour Party government subsequently enacted radical land reforms that redistributed land to landless farmers. This policy was opposed by the Rural League, who saw a large increase in support in the 1920 elections amongst the new landowners who had drifted to the right following their gains. The results saw the League finish second with 21 of the 100 seats in the Riigikogu, and Päts became Head of State.
In 1921 the party was reorganised, and renamed the Farmers' Assemblies, with the Maaliit newspaper renamed Kaja. In 1923 a split saw some liberal members leave the party to form the Settlers' Party. The 1923 elections saw the party become the largest in the Riigikogu, winning 23 seats. Päts remained Head of State.
The 1926 elections saw the party retain its 23 seats. Although the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party became the largest faction in the Riigikogu, Farmers' Assemblies member Jaan Teemant remained Head of State, having taken office in December 1925. The party remained the second largest faction in the Riigikogu following the 1929 elections, in which it won 24 seats. However, Otto Strandman of the Labour Party was able to form a government.
Prior to the 1932 elections the party merged with the Settlers' Party to form the Union of Settlers and Smallholders, with the new party winning 42 of the 100 seats.
In 1933 a large conservative faction of the Farmers' Assemblies left the Union to re-establish the party. The activities of political parties were suspended on 6 March 1935, but during the Soviet occupation the party continued in exile in Sweden.
# John Campbell (musical composer)

John Campbell is an American musical composer. He wrote the music for most of the Adventures in Odyssey radio drama series, as well as Lamplighter Theatre, Paws & Tales, Down Gilead Lane, The Chronicles of Narnia, The Extraordinary Adventures of G.A. Henty, the Father Gilbert Mysteries, and the Ark Encounter. He also has written for many television shows, and composed themes for many broadcasting series, including Focus on the Family, Insight for Living, The Coral Ridge Hour, Promise Keepers, among others.
# Charles A. Hickey

Charles Avery Hickey (June 29, 1874 – March 4, 1929) was an American college football coach. He served as the third head football coach at Ohio State University, serving for one season in 1896 and compiling a record of 5–5–1. Hickey later worked as a lawyer. He died of pneumonia in 1929. He was buried in Auburn, New York.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Ohio State Buckeyes (Independent) (1896) ||||||
| 1896 | Ohio State | 5–5–1 |
| Ohio State: | Ohio State: | 5–5–1 |
| Total: | Total: | 5–5–1 |
# Mehdi Boukassi

Mohamed El Mehdi Boukassi (Arabic: محمد المهدي بوكاسي; born 15 June 1996) is an Algerian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bulgarian First League club Botev Vratsa.

## Career

Boukassi played in Portugal and Bulgaria as well.
In February 2021, Boukassi signed with Torpedo Kutaisi and was presented as a new player of the club.
In March 2023, Boukassi was loaned out to Finnish Veikkausliiga club Haka from Raja CA for the 2023 season. He eventually missed most of the season due to injury.
In January 2024, he joined Tadamon Sour SC in Lebanon.

## Career statistics

    As of 9 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Oliveirense | 2017–18 | LigaPro | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 11 | 0 |
| Oliveirense | 2018–19 | LigaPro | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Oliveirense | Total | Total | 24 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| Cherno More | 2019–20 | Bulgarian First League | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 11 | 1 |
| Cherno More | 2020–21 | Bulgarian First League | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Cherno More | Total | Total | 15 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Torpedo Kutaisi | 2021 | Erovnuli Liga | 35 | 6 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 36 | 6 |
| Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya | 2021–22 | Iraq Stars League | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
| Raja CA | 2022–23 | Botola Pro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Haka (loan) | 2023 | Veikkausliiga | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Tadamon Sour | 2023–24 | Lebanese Premier League | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 1 |
| Botev Vratsa | 2024–25 | Bulgarian First League | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 98 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 109 | 9 |
* ↑ Appearances in AFC Champions League
# Mimmi Bähr

Henrika Wilhelmina (Mimmi) Bähr (nee Westerstrand) (October 15, 1844 – May 2, 1923) was a Finnish inventor and developer of calligraphy.

## Life and work

Bähr was born in Alavus (which was then part of Russia, now Finland) to Gustaf Erik Westerstrand and Anna Henrika Åberg.
She worked as a scribe of the Senate of Finland and archivist of the Finance Commission 1868–1904, as a scribe of the Finnish parliament and also the Diet, 1878–1906. From 1877 to 1923, she organized teaching courses in calligraphy and in 1885, she published calligraphy systems for schools.
Bähr is recognized as one of Finland's significant inventors.
Bähr was the best prose calligrapher of her time and a developer of the art of cursive writing. She was entrusted with the most important Finnish documents which had to be written clean. She was also tasked with a wide range of private addresses and writings, where the aim was to make the style as refined as possible.
Beginning in 1877, she gave courses in calligraphy and in 1885 she started publishing calligraphy systems for public and grammar schools. They were widely used in classrooms and for her work she received prizes. She also invented a wide range of supplementary writing aids that were necessary at the time, such as rulers, pencil erasers, letter and stamp moisteners, regular pencils and potting papers, which became popular.
Until 2015, the teaching of cursive writing was a requirement in Finnish schools.
She married the merchant Nikolai Edward Bähr (d. 1868) in 1864.
# The First Seven Days

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
The First Seven Days is an album recorded by jazz musician Jan Hammer in 1975. It features extensive use of synthesizers, including the synthesized "guitar" parts (as on his follow-up album, Oh Yeah?), with the record jacket stating, "For those concerned: there is no guitar on this album." Other instruments used are grand piano, electric violin and percussion.
It is a musical telling of the Genesis creation story. The record jacket continues with "Assuming that each of these "days" lasted anywhere from one day to a hundred million years, the scientific and biblical views do meet in certain points. These points were the inspiration for this album, and, besides, they provided me with an excuse to write seven new pieces of music."

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Jan Hammer (On the LP version, side 2 begins with track 5.)
* "Darkness/Earth in Search of a Sun" (4:30)
* "Light/Sun" (6:40)
* "Oceans and Continents" (6:14)
* "Fourth Day — Plants and Trees" (2:44)
* "The Animals" (6:09)
* "Sixth Day — the People" (7:11)
* "The Seventh Day" (6:08)

## Personnel

* Jan Hammer - producer, engineer, piano, electric piano, Moog synthesizer, Oberheim synthesizer and digital sequencer, drums, percussion, Freeman string synthesizer (sic), Mellotron
* David Earle Johnson - congas & percussion (tracks 5 and 6)
* Steven Kindler - violin (tracks 2, 5, 6, and 7)

## Production

* Recorded at Red Gate Studios, Kent, New York
* Andy Topeka - assistant engineer, custom audio installations
* Milton Glaser - cover illustration
* Paula Scher - art direction
# Naya Belhani

Naya Belhani is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 9786 people living in 1795 individual households. Naya Belhani is divided into 9 wards, among which ward number 9, Arunkhola is the center of the VDC, which is considered one of an emerging business market of the Nawalparasi district. The VDC's main interesting factor is divided into two parts by Aarungkhola river and East West highway. The river is partition 6, 7 & 9 ward east region and 1,2,3,4,5,8 west region.

## Schools

* Shree Janjyoti Pra. Vi.
* Shree Yadav Secondary School, Tamaspur
* Shree Janata Higher Secondary School (public)
* Shree Janata Secondary School (public)
* Shree Aarungkhola Higher Secondary Boarding School (private)
* Shree Narayani Boarding School (private)
* Shree Shantideep Boarding School( private)
* Little Step Academy (private)
* Shree Majuwa English Boarding School ( Private)

### Campus

* Aarungkhola Multiple Campus (Public)
# 1902 in Scandinavian music

The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1902 in Scandinavian music.

## Events

* 9 April – The Finnish National Theatre's new building opens with the premiere of Finnish composer Jean Sibelius's The Origin of Fire ("Tulen synty").
* 28 November – Danish composer Carl Nielsen's opera Saul og David receives its premiere in Copenhagen
* 1 December – Carl Nielsen conducts the premiere of his Symphony No. 2, De fire Temperamenter ("The Four Temperaments").
* unknown date – Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg produces the first of his Slåtter (Norwegian Peasant Dances).

## New works

* Jean Sibelius
** "Lastu lainehilla" ("Driftwood") from Seven Songs, Op. 17
** Symphony No. 2

## Popular music

* Vilhelm Svedbom – "Hej dunkom"

## Births

* 7 May – Jolly Kramer-Johansen, Norwegian composer (died 1968).
* 30 October – Bias Bernhoft, Norwegian singer and revue writer (died 1986).
* 21 November – Harald Lie, solo cellist for the Oslo Philharmonic (died 1942).

## Deaths

* 7 January – Adolfina Fägerstedt (90), Swedish ballet dancer
* 17 January – Elias Blix (65), Norwegian organist and composer
* 19 August – Lars Fykerud (42), Norwegian Hardanger fiddler and composer.
* 12 April – Herman Amberg (67), Danish composer
# Pallur Eman

Pallūr Ēman Nāyar(Poligar Eman" "Pulior Eman" (died 1820 in Malaya) was a Nayar lord of southern Wayanad, north east Kerala, India. He was involved in the Cotiote War (1793–1806), a conflict between the Cotiote princely ruler Pazhassi and the British East India Company. In 1799, Eman fought with the British. In 1802, Eman became a double agent for Pazhassi, who was his overlord.

## British recruitment and espionage

The British considered Eman "a man of considerable property and rank".$^{:889}$ In 1799, he was an advisor to the British with a wage of 200 rupees per year. Eman encamped with Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington and in 1801, his services to the British contributed to their capture of Periya. In 1801 and 1802, Pazhassi struggled. His once trusted commander, Pazhayamviden Chandu betrayed Pazhassi to the British. As the British tracked him down, the Raja and his men kept up a running engagement with his pursuers. During this time, Eman continued to support Pazhassi as a double agent. Eman's older brother, Pallur Rayrappan Nayar also supported Pazhassi until his arrest by the British in 1806.

### Discovery, escape and tribal alliance

When the British captured the fort at Panamaram in 1802, Eman's double agent status was discovered and he fled to join Pazhassi. The British put a reward of 1,000 pagodas on Eman's capture. Eman persuaded the Mullukurumba, a warrior tribe, to support Pazhassi.$^{:545}$

### Attack on Malabar sub-jail.

On 23 March 1802, Eman and 1,000 rebels marched through the Thamarasseri Defile towards Calicut and overran the sub-jail. The 250 sub-jail guards were captured of killed. Ammunition and stores were stolen. Many of the freed prisoners joined Eman. McLeod, collector of Malabar, resigned. Eman continued to fight the British. Pashassi died in November 1805 and his leadership assumed by his nephew. Eman was captured by the British in 1806.

### Imprisonment, exile and death

Eman was tried at Srirangapatna and sentenced to death. His sentence was subsequently commuted to life imprisonment. In about 1807, Eman and his brother were sent to Prince of Wales Island (Penang Island).$^{:555}$ Some of the rebels were released in late 1819 but not Eman. The British felt that if he were released to his homeland, he would stir discontent. Eman died at Prince of Wales Island in 1820.$^{:894}$