# Malaysian United Democratic Alliance

The Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (Malay: Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia), abbreviated as MUDA (meaning "young" in Malay), is a multi-racial, youth-centric political party in Malaysia. Founded in September 2020 by Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman, MUDA advocates for social democracy, multiracialism, and youth politics. The party is known for its focus on inclusivity, innovation, and reform.

## History
### Formation

The Malaysian United Democratic Alliance was formed by Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman in September 2020. Previously, Syed Saddiq served as Minister of Youth and Sports in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration. He was the youngest-ever Malaysian politician in a Cabinet post when appointed in 2018 at the age of 25. He is also the Member of Parliament (MP) for Muar, and originally a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), but his party membership was terminated amid the February 2020 Sheraton Move, along with four other MPs including ex-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. Mahathir later formed the Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG) but Syed Saddiq declined to join Mahathir's new party. On 17 September 2020, he formally applied to register his own new party with Registrar of Societies (RoS). At the time of 2020 political crisis, Malaysian politicians had been fighting for control of parliament, with the PN coalition holding a very thin majority.
MUDA has been sponsored by Syed Saddiq, Amir Abd Hadi, Dr. Tanussha Francis Xavier, Sharizal Denci, Afiqah Zulkifli, Lim Wei Jiet, Luqman Long, Radzi Tajuddin, Tarmizi Anuwar, Dr. Mathen Muniasupran, Mutalib Uthman, Siti Rahayu Baharin and Dr. Teo Lee Ken. Syed Saddiq has stated that MUDA is modeled after two other political parties: La Republique En Marche! of France and the now-defunct Future Forward Party of Thailand. He has also stated that his party will be multi-racial and youth-based, representing "all levels of society, regardless of race, religion or age". The formation of this party follows a trend of millennial-based political parties in South East Asia, such as the Indonesian Solidarity Party in Indonesia and the Future Forward Party in Thailand. MUDA seeks to be disruptive and pro-democracy, with policies based on reform and modern ideals, championing diversity, inclusivity and innovation.. It targets "middle Malaysia" with promises of "meritocratic, racially inclusive and policy-driven governance", and is also targeting the unregistered electorate.

### Rejected registration and court case

MUDA's registration was rejected by the RoS on 6 January 2021 via a RoS email, in which no reason was given for the rejection. On 12 January, MUDA through its 13 pro-tem committee, including Syed Saddiq, sought a court order to reverse the decision of Minister of Home Affairs and for the RoS to register it. Judge Mariana Yahya had set the date 4 February 2021 after hearing arguments from MUDA's lawyers' team the High Court of Malaysia to decide whether to allow MUDA a judicial review against the government decision. The lawyers representing MUDA are former attorney-general Tommy Thomas, Ambiga Sreenevasan and Lim Wei Jiet.
Syed Saddiq claims the Home Affairs Minister Hamzah Zainudin had told him that his party would be registered and approved if he pledged to support the ruling Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition. He also claims that Hamzah had asked him to refrain from voting on government bills he opposed as part of the deal. MUDA also alleged that the rejection was PN government's agenda to prevent it from participating in the next general election.
On 4 February, the High Court again dismissed a leave application by MUDA in its challenge to the rejection of its application as a political party. On the same day, MUDA filed a judicial review application, MUDA has questioned the RoS for still doing background checks on the party and not approving its application as a political party albeit after six months on 25 March. MUDA was allowed by the High Court to go ahead with a judicial review against the government's refusal to register it as a political party on 21 September. The High Court, during case management, fixed 14 December to hear the application. The High Court has ordered the Home Affairs Ministry to allow the registration within 14 days on 14 December.

### Legalised and registered

Following the lawsuit, MUDA was finally registered as an official political party after its registration was approved by the RoS on 23 December 2021. As of 23 December 2021, the party is already listed as active by the RoS website. The successful registration allows the use of the party logo officially to contest future political elections. It was publicly announced only on 29 December 2021 as the event coincided with December 2021 Malaysian floods relief operations that involved the new party.

### 2022 Johor state election

On 29 January 2022, MUDA confirmed its intention to participate in the Johor state election.
On 9 February 2022, DAP, AMANAH and MUDA signed an agreement unveiling the outcomes of their cooperation on seat negotiations by declaring that they will not contest against each other, with MUDA getting 6 seats previously allocated to DAP and AMANAH ranging from Tenang, Bukit Kepong, Parit Raja, Machap, Puteri Wangsa and Bukit Permai. MUDA also clarified that the seat negotiations with PKR are still ongoing to "achieve unity in facing this election" The three parties also said they would combine their election machinery to support all of their candidates as they were about to move on as election strategic partners although MUDA is not part of PH and this is in line with the "big camp" principle to unite all Opposition parties to take on the ruling BN coalition. They also promised to form the Johor state government together if they win in the election. Johor PKR Chairman Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh said PKR had offered 3 seats to MUDA and was awaiting a response to the offer.
On 13 March 2022, MUDA won one seat in the first election it contested. MUDA Secretary General Amira Aisya won the Puteri Wangsa seat. President of MUDA Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman described the victory in the seat out of the seven seats contested as the party's first step to continue to gain a foothold in the country's political landscape.

### 2023 state elections

On 26 June 2023, MUDA announced that they would contest as an independent party in the 2023 Malaysian state elections separately from the existing coalition government after Pakatan Harapan allegedly rejected efforts to engage in discussions. The party's decision to contest independently has faced criticism for potentially splitting PH votes. On 15 July, Syed Saddiq announced that MUDA has formed an electoral pact with Parti Sosialis Malaysia (PSM) for the state elections to be the "third choice" for voters "who are unhappy and bored with the politicians now and want to protest." MUDA will be fielding 20 candidates (10 men & 10 women) for the state elections. Syed Saddiq announced that MUDA will be in the opposition bloc in the state legislative assembly should the PH-BN alliance win the Penang state election.
MUDA and PSM failed to win a single seat contested with all candidates losing their election deposits. MUDA was lambasted by PH supporters for the party's supposed role in vote splitting where PH lost the Sungai Kandis seat that MUDA contested to PN by a very small margin. On 9 November 2023, Syed Saddiq was found guilty of all the corruption charges by the High Court for criminal breach of trust and misappropriation of funds belonging to his former party, BERSATU, sentencing him to 7 years' imprisonment, a RM 10 million fine and two strokes of the cane. As a result, he stepped down as president and Amira was appointed as acting president.

## Ideology

MUDA's ideology is centered on social democracy, youth politics, multiracialism, and secularism. The party's charter outlines five key pillars:

### Five pillars

* 1. Economic Progress: Promoting sustainable economic growth and job creation.
* 2. Education & Health: Ensuring access to quality education and healthcare.
* 3. Excellence in Governance: Advocating for transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption measures.
* 4. Environmental Sustainability: Addressing climate change and promoting green policies.
* 5. Youth Representation: Empowering young people in leadership and decision-making roles.

### Key principles

* Diversity and Inclusion: MUDA emphasizes representation for women, indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, and other marginalized groups.
* Term Limits: Leaders can hold office for a maximum of three terms to prevent monopolization of power.
* Transparency in Political Financing: The party advocates for donation limits, digital donations, and annual audits.
* Anti-Warlordism: MUDA seeks to eliminate corruption and power concentration within political structures.

## Current status

As of 2024, MUDA holds one seat in the Dewan Rakyat and one seat in the Johor State Legislative Assembly. The party has faced challenges in recent elections, failing to win any seats in the 2023 Malaysian state elections. Following the conviction of its founder, Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman, on corruption charges in November 2023, Amira Aisya Abdul Aziz was appointed as acting president. MUDA continues to position itself as a progressive, youth-oriented party, though its influence remains limited.

## Criticism and controversies

MUDA has faced criticism for its role in vote-splitting during the 2023 Malaysian state elections, particularly in the Sungai Kandis seat, where its candidate allegedly contributed to the defeat of a Pakatan Harapan candidate. Additionally, the party's credibility has been questioned following the conviction of its founder, Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman, on corruption charges in November 2023.

## List of leaders

| No. | Portrait | President | Term start | Term end |
| 1 | | Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman | 17 September 2020 | 9 November 2023 |
| – | | Amira Aisya Abdul Aziz (acting) | 9 November 2023 | Incumbent |

## Leadership structure

* President:
** Amira Aisya Abdul Aziz (Acting)
* Deputy President:
** Amira Aisya Abdul Aziz
* Vice Presidents:
** Zaidel Baharuddin
** Siti Rahayu Baharin
** Shahrizal Denci
** Nurainie Haziqah Shafi'i
** Dobby Chew
* Secretary-General:
** Amir Hariri Abdul Hadi
* Treasurer-General:
** Shairy Hanapiah
* Information Chief:
** Leben Siddarth (Acting)
* Central Executive Committee members:
** Thanusha Ramanieswaran
** Lim Wei Jiet
** Beatrice Chin
** Nur Afiqah Zulkifli
** Aisyah Farhanah Mohamed @ Salim
** Ahmad Zarul Afiq Arifudin
** Farah Syahidah Shamsuddin
** Zaim Zulkifli
** Fathira Anisa
* State Chairpersons:
** Sabah Region: Faezrah Rizalman (Acting)
** Sarawak Region: Jeffrey Ngui
** Federal Territories Region: Hisham Hamzah
** Johor: Mohd Azrol Ab Rahani
** Kedah: Faqrul Asyraf
** Kelantan: Abdul Rahman Khairuddin
** Melaka: Yosh Wong
** Negeri Sembilan: Tarmizi Anuwar
** Penang: Andika Putera
** Perak: Rajasekaran Taegarajan
** Selangor: Al Hafiz Ikhwan Mohamad Asaad

## Elected representatives
### Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament

MUDA currently has a single MP in the Dewan Rakyat.
| State | No. | Parliament Constituency | Member | Party | Party |
| Johor | P146 | Muar | Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman | | MUDA |
| Total | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) |

### Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

Johor State Legislative Assembly
| State | No. | Parliament Constituency | No. | State Constituency | Member | Party | Party |
| Johor | P158 | Tebrau | N41 | Puteri Wangsa | Amira Aisya Abdul Aziz | | MUDA |
| Total | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) | Johor (1) |

## Parliamentary general election results

| Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Voting Percentage | Outcome of election | Election leader |
| 2022 | 1 / 222 | 6 | 74,392 | 0.48 | 1 seat; Governing coalition (allied with Pakatan Harapan) (2022–2023) Opposition (2023–) | Syed Saddiq |

## State legislative assembly general election results

| State election | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly | State Legislative Assembly |
| State election | Perlis | Kedah | Kelantan | Terengganu | Penang | Perak | Pahang | Selangor | Negeri Sembilan | Malacca | Johor | Sabah | Sarawak | Total won / Total contested |
| 2/3 majority | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | |
| 2022 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 / 56 | | | 1 / 7 |
| 2023 | | 0 / 36 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 32 | 0 / 40 | | | 0 / 56 | 0 / 36 | | | | | 0 / 19 |