OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yerucham Fishel Perlow

Rabbi Yehudah Yerucham Fishel Perlow or Perla (1846–1934) was a Polish halakhist, best known for his commentary on Saadia Gaon's enumeration of the 613 commandments.

## Biography

He was born in Warsaw. Around the age of 15 he went to Łomża to study under Yehoshua Leib Diskin. Later he studied in the Volozhin Yeshiva and was a leading student of Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin. Later he moved to Brest and studied under Chaim Soloveitchik.
He was wealthy, owning a store managed by his wife, and thus refused offers to serve as rabbi of Lublin and Kraków in order to focus on his studies. He possessed one of the largest libraries in Poland at the time.
Between 1913 and 1917 his commentary on Saadia's enumeration of the commandments was published. The commentary was reportedly the work of 40 years. Saadia had written a piyyut enumerating the commandments in a concise manner. Perlow's commentary, in contrast, was originally published in three volumes totalling 1600 pages, and more recently in 7 volumes. It thoroughly examines Saadia's choice of words in the piyyut, and deduces from this Saadia's understanding of each mitzvah, and the halachic consequences that result. Many of the topics covered had not been previously covered systematically in Torah literature, or else Perlow was able to supply new approaches to the subjects.
As an example, Saadia's mention of the commandment of tzitzit is just three words long: בכנפיך ציצית נצח. Perlow examines the third word, meaning "forever", perhaps suggesting that Saadia considered tzitzit obligatory even at night. Perlow concluded, instead, that Saadia meant that tzitzit is obligatory in every generation, despite the absence of techelet. This conclusion leads Perlow to a 20-page discussion of how it is permitted to wear four-corner garments in the absence of techelet, and from there to a discussion of whether a person is permitted to cause himself to enter a situation where he will be obligated but unable to perform a commandment, complete with examples from the Talmud and rishonim.
Perlow was widowed around 1923, and with his children already living far from Warsaw he was left alone. His students convinced him to move to the Land of Israel, and in 1926 he moved to Jerusalem. He died on Thursday night, Rosh Hodesh Adar, in 1934.
# 2023–24 Lebanese FA Cup

The 2023–24 Lebanese FA Cup was the 51st edition of the national football cup competition of Lebanon. It started with the round of 16 on 20 January 2024, and ended on 11 July 2024 with the final.
Lebanese Premier League side Nejmeh were the defending champions, having won the 2022–23 edition. Ansar were crowned champions, after defeating Ahed 2–1 in the final.

## Teams

| Round | Dates | Number of fixtures | Clubs remaining | New entries this round | Divisions entering this round |
| Round of 16 | 20–28 January 2024 | 8 | 16 → 8 | 16 | 12 Lebanese Premier League teams 4 Lebanese Second Division teams |
| Quarter-finals | 22 March – 28 June 2024 | 4 | 8 → 4 | none | none |
| Semi-finals | 5 July 2024 | 2 | 4 → 2 | none | none |
| Final | 11 July 2024 | 1 | 2 → 1 | none | none |

## Round of 16

The round of 16 saw all 12 teams from the 2023–24 Lebanese Premier League participate, as well as the top-4 ranked teams from the first half of the 2023–24 Lebanese Second Division.
Number of teams per tier still in competition :
| Premier League | Second Division | Total |
| 12 / 12 | 4 / 12 | 16 / 24 |

## Quarter-finals

Number of teams per tier still in competition :
| Premier League | Second Division | Total |
| 7 / 12 | 1 / 12 | 8 / 24 |

## Semi-finals

Number of teams per tier still in competition :
| Premier League | Second Division | Total |
| 4 / 12 | 0 / 12 | 4 / 24 |

## Bracket

The following is the bracket which the Lebanese FA Cup resembled. Numbers in parentheses next to the score represents the results of a penalty shoot-out.
| Round of 16 20–28 January 2024 | Round of 16 20–28 January 2024 | Quarter-finals 22 March – 28 June 2024 | Quarter-finals 22 March – 28 June 2024 | Semi-finals 5 July 2024 | Semi-finals 5 July 2024 | Final 11 July 2024 | Final 11 July 2024 |
| Ansar | 3 | | | | |
| Shabab Sahel | 1 | | | | |
| Shabab Sahel | 1 | Ansar | 2 | | |
| | | Nejmeh | 0 | | |
| Tadamon Sour | 0 | Nejmeh | 0 | | |
| Nejmeh | 1 | | | | |
| Nejmeh | 1 | | | Ansar | 1 |
| | | | | Bourj | 0 |
| Shabab Baalbeck | 3 | | | Bourj | 0 |
| Chabab Ghazieh | 2 | | | | |
| Chabab Ghazieh | 2 | Shabab Baalbeck | 0 | | |
| | | Bourj | 3 | | |
| Riyadi Abbasiyah | 0 | Bourj | 3 | | |
| Bourj | 4 | | | | | | |
| Bourj | 4 | | | | | Ansar | 2 |
| | | | | | | Ahed | 1 |
| Bint Jbeil | 2 (2) | | | | | Ahed | 1 |
| Ahly Nabatieh | 2 (4) | | | | | | |
| Ahly Nabatieh | 2 (4) | Ahly Nabatieh | 0 | | | | |
| | | Tripoli | 1 | | | | |
| Tripoli | 4 | Tripoli | 1 | | | | |
| Mabarra | 0 | | | | | | |
| Mabarra | 0 | | | Ahed | w/o | | |
| | | | | Tripoli | |
| Safa | 0 (4) | | | Tripoli | |
| Racing Beirut | 0 (2) | | | | |
| Racing Beirut | 0 (2) | Safa | 1 | | |
| | | Ahed | 2 | | |
| Ahed | 3 | Ahed | 2 | | |
| Sagesse | 1 | | | | |

## Season statistics
### Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Elhadji Malick Tall | Ansar | 4 |
| 2 | Karim Darwich | Ahed | 3 |
| 2 | Tidiane Camara | Bourj | 3 |

## See other

* 2023–24 Lebanese Premier League
# Callwen

Saint Callwen was an early Welsh Christian saint from the Brychan family. There is some doubt about whether she existed. A church was dedicated to her in Defynnog, Brecknockshire.

## Life

Saint Callwen was a member of the Brychan family of Wales who embraced a single life and dedicated herself to serving God and her fellow men. Her feast date is on 1 November. She was one of the children or descendants of Brychan and shares the festival on 1 November with her sister, Saint Gwenfyl. In one list of saints she was said to have been Brychan's daughter, so would have been the sister of Cynog ap Brychan. The origin of the name and the spelling are both dubious, and early sources do not collaborate Callwen as a saint.

## Legacy

Theophilus Jones wrote in 1809 that a chapel in the vale of Tawe in the parish of Defynnog, Brecknockshire, was "sometimes called Cael Glyntawe and sometimes Capel Callwen, a corruption of Cellwen, Fairwood chapel, or the chapel in the fair wood, descriptive no doubt of its early appearance." However, Rice Rees stated in 1836 that the chapel was dedicated to Saint Callwen. Capel Colwyn or St Colwen's in Callwen, Glyntawe, Breconshire was a chapel of ease to Defynnog until around 1868, when Glyntawe became a separate parish.
On 1 July 1893 a new Church of Saint Callwen was substituted for the older building in the parish of Glyntawe by Basil Jones, bishop of St David's. The bishop, Ellen Elizabeth Gwyn, widow and patron of the parish and Reverend David Hughes, vicar, certified that the change would be convenient. The church was rededicated to St John the Baptist in 1964–65. The local people of the village of Callwen continue to call it Callwen Church.
John Thomas Evans wrote in 1914 of All Saints church in Cellan, "Cellan means a little cell. The supposed female saint, Callwen, to whom the church is generally ascribed, is not very well authenticated. Her name does not seem to appear in any ancient list or calendar. It is true that Edward Lhwyd mentions a spring near the church, called Ffynnon Callwen, from which he says that it is supposed that Cellan takes its name. Sir Edward Anwyl, however, informs me that he does not think that Cellan and Callwen can possibly be the same word."
# Bakhshi

Bakhshi (Persian: بخشی; adjective form of Bakhsh – a type of administrative division of Iran – which in itself is a hyponym of the Persian noun بخش (baxš), meaning part, portion; section; district; fortune) is a Dari, Persian, Pakistani, and Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Esmail Bakhshi (born 1983), Iranian political prisoner
* Enayatollah Bakhshi (born 1945), Iranian veteran actor
* Jon Bakhshi (born 19??), American restaurateur of Iranian Jewish descent
* Mohammad Tawfiq Bakhshi (born 1986), Afghan judoka
* Rajan Bakhshi (born 19??), Indian Army General officer
* Rena Bakhshi (born 1981), Dutch computer scientist
* Sandeep Bakhshi (born 1960/61), Indian banker
# Abraham V. M

Abraham V. M is C.M.I. priest and academic he served as the vice-chancellor of Christ University from 2019 to 2023. He was the former Pro-Vice-Chancellor of Christ University for the past 10 years.

## Controversy Over Tenure Duration

Source:
In February 2023, a controversy arose surrounding the tenure of Fr Abraham V. M, the Vice-Chancellor of Christ (Deemed to be University) in Bengaluru. The Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), the management of the institution, was alleged to be curtailing the five-year term prescribed by the University Grants Commission (UGC) for Vice-Chancellors. Fr Abraham V. M, who began his term on March 1, 2019, was initially appointed for three years. He received a one-year extension in 2022, concluding his term on February 28, 2023.

### Internal Communications and Allegations

Fr Abraham V. M communicated his concerns to the university's chancellor, Fr Paul Achandy, pointing out alleged inconsistencies in the appointment of a new Vice-Chancellor. He emphasized that the appointment process might be in violation of UGC regulations. The Vice-Chancellor's concerns were primarily centered on the UGC's requirement for Vice-Chancellors to serve five-year terms. Additionally, in a letter dated February 27, he highlighted that a UGC member on the selection committee insisted on a public advertisement for the Vice-Chancellor position, a view that was not shared by the other committee members.

### Response from CMI

The CMI, in its internal communications, maintained that the requirement for issuing a notification inviting applications for the Vice-Chancellor position was not applicable to Christ (deemed university) due to its 'minority status'. The prior general of CMI, Thomas C Mathew, did not comment on the decision to limit Fr Abraham's tenure to four years, despite previous Vice-Chancellors serving five-year terms.
# Speakeasy (TV series)

Speakeasy was a daytime show, that broadcast on TV Three in Ireland from 1998 till 1999.
The show was replaced by Ireland AM in 1999.
# Chief Coroner of England and Wales

The Chief Coroner of England and Wales is the most senior coroner in England and Wales, and supervises the work of other coroners in that jurisdiction.
The post was created by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. The first Chief Coroner was appointed in 2010, though he did not take up his post until 2012. Previously there had been no national head of the coroner service.
The Chief Coroner is appointed by the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, in consultation with the Lord Chancellor. To be eligible for appointment, a person must be either a judge of the High Court or a circuit judge and be under the age of 75.

## Post holders

Since 2009, four people have held the position:
* 2012 (2012) – 2016 (2016): Peter Thornton KC
* 2016 (2016) – 2020 (2020): Mark Lucraft KC
* 2020 (2020) – 2024 (2024): Thomas Teague KC
* 2024 (2024) – Incumbent: Alexia Durran
All four holders of the office were circuit judges sitting in the Crown Court at the time of their appointment.

## Deputy Chief Coroners

Two Deputy Chief Coroners were appointed in January 2019: Derek Winter, the Senior Coroner for the Sunderland Coroner Area, and Alexia Durran, a senior circuit judge.
# Pedro Martínez (Argentine footballer)

Pedro Martínez (19 May 1893 – 19 October 1931) was an Argentine footballer. He played in 15 Argentina national football team matches from 1916 to 1919. He was part of Argentina's squad for the 1916, 1917, and 1919 South American Championship.
# Latif Salifu

Abdul-Latif Salifu (born 8 January 1990 in [Kumasi]) is a Ghanaian football player currently playing for Ghana Telecom Premier League side Liberty Professionals F.C.

## Career

Salifu is one of the biggest talents from Liberty Professionals F.C., he scored 12 goals in 16 games in his first season and was a nominee for Player of the Year 2008.

## International

Salifu presented the Ghana U-20 team in Egypt at the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He is also in the extended squad of the Ghana national football team and played in a local national game against Togo national football team.
# Kjell Øyasæter

Kjell Øyasæter (born 8 February 1950) is a Norwegian former footballer who played as a forward. He played 80 league matches for Rosenborg in 1969 and between 1975 and 1977, and 77 league matches for Brann between 1970 and 1971. Øyasæter became Rosenborg's top scorer in the 1977 season, with three goals.
# Escudero

Escudero is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abraham Escudero Montoya (1940–2009), Roman Catholic bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmira, Colombia
* Adrián Escudero (1927–2011), Spanish footballer
* Al Escudero (born 1966), video game designer for computer games
* Carlos Escudero (born 1989), Chilean footballer
* Daniel Escudero (1941–2021), Chilean footballer
* Damián Escudero (born 1987), Argentine professional footballer
* Don Escudero, Filipino movie writer, actor and director
* Efrain Escudero (born 1986), Mexican-American mixed martial artist
* Eugenia Escudero (1914–2011), Mexican fencer
* Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero, Captains General of the Philippines
* Francis Escudero (born 1969), Filipino politician
* Francisco Escudero Casquino, Peruvian politician
* Francisco Escudero (composer), (1912–2002), Basque composer
* Gonzalo Escudero (1903–1971), Ecuadorian poet and diplomat
* Gonzalo Escudero (footballer) (born 2007), Argentine professional footballer
* Hernán Escudero Martínez (born 1946), Ecuadorian diplomat and professor
* Jorge Stanbury Escudero, Peruvian-born Venezuelan singer and composer
* Juan Escudero (1920–2012), Spanish professional footballer
* Karla Escudero Alvarez (born 2009), Mexican millionaire
* Macarena Escudero (born 1990), activist in the Socialist Workers' Party, Argentina
* María del Carmen Escudero (born 1969), Mexican politician
* María Escudero-Escribano (born 1983), Spanish chemist
* Mario Escudero (1928–2004), Spanish flamenco guitar virtuosos
* Matías Escudero (born 1988) Argentine footballer
* Marcelo Escudero (born 1972), Argentine football
* Osvaldo Escudero (born 1960), Argentine footballer
* Pablo Escudero Morales (born 1973), politician and Mexican lawyer
* Paquito Escudero (born 1966), Spanish retired football midfielder and manager
* Pío García-Escudero (born 1952), Spanish architect and politician
* Ralph Escudero (1898–1970), bassist and tubist active on the early American jazz scene
* Rafi Escudero (born 1945), Puerto Rican musician, singer, composer, poet and a political activist
* Raul Garcia Escudero (born 1986), Spanish footballer
* Salvador Escudero (1942–2012), Filipino politician
* Sergio Escudero (footballer, born 1964), Argentine-Japanese football player
* Sergio Escudero (footballer, born 1983), Argentine football player
* Sergio Escudero (footballer, born 1988), Japanese football player
* Sergio Escudero (footballer, born 1989), Spanish professional footballer
* Sonia Escudero (born 1953), Argentine Justicialist Party politician
* Stanley Tuemler Escudero (born 1942), American diplomat who served in the U.S. foreign service in multiple capacities
* Vicente Escudero (1892–1980), Spanish flamenco dancer
# Esteban Valencia (footballer, born 1999)

Esteban Cristóbal Valencia Reyes (born 13 August 1999) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Ñublense.

## Club career

He has played loaned at San Marcos de Arica and Unión La Calera from Universidad de Chile. Along with the Cement Team, he has played at the 2020 Copa Sudamericana.
In the 2021 season, he left Universidad de Chile to join Unión La Calera.
Valencia signed with Ñublense in 2025.

## International career

At under-20 level, Valencia represented Chile in both the 2018 South American Games, winning the gold medal, and the 2019 South American Championship.

## Personal life

He is the son of former Chilean international footballer Esteban Valencia Bascuñán, who is also a historical player of Universidad de Chile.

## Honours

Chile U20
* South American Games Gold medal: 2018
# Sanati Kaveh Tehran F.C.

Sanati Kaveh Tehran F.C. (Persian: کاوه تهران) was an Iranian football, club was based in Tehran, Iran. They mostly competed in the Iranian first division, and hold home games at Aliaf Stadium. In 2012 Yadavaran Shalamcheh Hamyari took over the license.

## Seasons

The table below chronicles the achievements of Sanati Kaveh in various competitions since 2008.
| Year | Division | Position | Hazfi Cup |
| 2008–09 | 2nd Division | 1st | First round |
| 2009–10 | Azadegan League | 9th | 1/16 Final |
| 2010–11 | Azadegan League | 12th | 1/8 Round |
| 2011–12 | Azadegan League | 13th | Second Round |

## Head coaches

* Ahmad Khodadad (2008 – Mar 10)
* Hossein Faraki (Mar 2010 – July 10)
* Javad Zarrincheh (July 10 – February 11)
* Farhad Kazemi (February 11 – ?)
* Ali Nikbakht (2011)
* Saket Elhami (2011)
* Majid Namjoo-Motlagh (December 2011 – 2012)
# Dhabouli, Saharsa

Dhabouli is a village located in Saharsa district of the Indian state of Bihar.

## Geography

The village covers 2,556 hectares. Madhepura Is nearest town to Dhabauli which is approximately 10 km away.

## Economy

The primary occupation Is farming, but many residents migrated to places like Delhi and Mumbai for work. A number of people work in state and central governments and the private sector. The village has good telecom connectivity. The village has also a branch of State Bank of India.

## Demographics

More than 25,000 people have been living here since the origin of this area. The village has three panchayats.

## Administration

The three panchayats in Dhabouli are:
* Dhabouli (South)
* Dhabouli (East)
* Dhabouli (West) Mauni Gram Kahra is also a part of this Panchayat.
This village comes under the Patarghat Block and OP. It comes under Sourbajar sub-division and [Saharsa] District. It comes under [Sonbarsha, Saharsa in Bihar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)].

## Education

A +2 level Senior Secondary School, seven Middle Schools and four Primary Schools are present.

## Transportation

Dhabouli has connectivity by road and rail transport from Madhepura and Saharsa.
| Type | Status |
| Private Bus Service | Available within village |
| Railway Station | Nearest railway station Madhepura |
# Fernando Méndez

Fernando Ambrosio Méndez Chiquelli (born 4 August 1984) was an Argentine professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Honours

San Marcos de Arica
* Primera B: 2012
# Sic 'Em, Towser

Sic 'Em, Towser is a 1918 short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd. It is believed to be lost.

## Cast

* Harold Lloyd
* Snub Pollard
* Bebe Daniels
* William Blaisdell
* Sammy Brooks
* Lige Conley (as Lige Cromley)
* William Gillespie
* Helen Gilmore
* Gus Leonard
* James Parrott
* Charles Stevenson (as Charles E. Stevenson)
* Dorothea Wolbert
# Rajakol

Rajakol (Persian: رجاكل, also Romanized as Rajākol) is a former village in Pir Bazar Rural District, in the Central District of Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 328, in 88 families.
As of 2011, Rajakol became part of the city of Pir Bazar.
# AB LLB

AB LLB-Iski to degree hi ulti hai is an Indian web series released on 30 April, 2023 on MX Player.

## Production

Produced by Cineflix Films production and directed by Sami Khan with the story, screenplay, and dialogue also written by Sami Khan. music by Ravi Raj Koltharkar, lyrics by Sami Khan, and a background score by Raviraj Koltharkar. The executive producers of the series are Milan Desai and Shaziya Khan, with cinematography by Chandrashekhar Nagarkar, editing by Shailesh Darekar, costumes by Milan Desai, and action by Prashant Naik. The series released on MX Player on 30 April 2023. The shooting for the web series was completed in Chiplun, Maharashtra.

## Cast

* Sameer Dharmadhikari as Sudama
* Rakesh Bedi as Shri Durgesh Nir ( Me Too Judge )
* Sami Khan as Bablu ( Actor & advocate )
* Shubhangi Latkar as Judge Nadkarni
* Sanjay Khapare as Pushkar Rao
* Sandhya Manik as Zaara
* Rajesh Durge as Producer Jayanti Bhai
* Apoorva Sapkal as Avni]
* Rahul Kulkarni as David
* Amit Lekhwani as Jaiveer
* Amit Shirvastav as Adv Shinde
* Divya Sharma as Saalmi]
* Veena Shirke as Mrs Shinde
* Vaishali Jhadhav as Dhaarmi
* Sakshi Pande as Shivannya
* Manish Wankar as Abhay
* Kalpana Bandekar as Budhi Aurat
* Harshada Patil as Me to Victim actress
* Rehman Memon as Anuj
* Saloni Surve as Ragini
* Shashikant Khanvilkar as Abbu
# Piper to the Sovereign

The Piper to the Sovereign (Scottish Gaelic: Pìobaire an Uachdarain), more commonly known as the King's Piper (Pìobaire an Rìgh) or Queen's Piper (Pìobaire a' Bhanrighe), is a position in the British Royal Household in which the holder of the office is responsible for playing the bagpipes at the Sovereign's request.

## History

The position was established in 1843 when Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visited John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane at Taymouth Castle a year earlier and discovered the Marquess had his own personal piper. The Queen was taken with the idea of having one for herself, writing to her mother, the Dowager Duchess of Kent:
   We have heard nothing but bagpipes since we have been in the beautiful Highlands and I have become so fond of it that I mean to have a Piper, who can if you like it, pipe every night at Frogmore.
The office has been held continuously since then (apart from a brief interruption during World War II) and the piper's main duty is to play at 9 a.m. for 15 minutes under the Sovereign's window, and on state occasions.
The first Piper to the Sovereign was Angus MacKay, a noted collector and publisher of piobaireachd. Every subsequent piper has been a serving non-commissioned officer and experienced pipe major from a Scottish regiment or an Irish Regiment. While the Piper is a member of the Royal Household, he retains his military rank for the duration of the secondment.
* 1843–1854: Angus MacKay
* 1854–1891: PM William Ross, 42nd Highlanders (Black Watch)
* 1891–1910: PM James Campbell, 42nd Highlanders (Black Watch)
* 1910–1941: PM Henry Forsyth, Scots Guards
* 1941–1945: None
* 1945–1965: PM Alexander MacDonald, Scots Guards
* 1965–1973: PM Andrew Pitkeathly, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
* 1973–1980: PM David Caird, Royal Highland Fusiliers
* 1980–1995: PM Brian MacRae, Gordon Highlanders
* 1995–1998: PM Gordon Webster, Scots Guards
* 1998–2003: PM Jim Motherwell, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
* 2003–2006: PM Jim Stout, The Highlanders, 1st Battalion
* 2006–2008: PM Alastair Cuthbertson, 1st Battalion, Royal Scots
* 2008–2012: PM Derek Potter RVM, Royal Scots Dragoon Guards
* 2012–2015: PM David Rodgers, Irish Guards
* 2015–2019: PM Scott Methven, Royal Regiment of Scotland
* 2019–2021: PM Richard Grisdale, Royal Regiment of Scotland
* 2021–present: PM Paul Burns, Royal Regiment of Scotland
# Giovanni Lanfranco (volleyball)

Giovanni Lanfranco (born 9 May 1956) is a retired Italian volleyball player. He was part of Italian teams that finished second at the 1975 Mediterranean Games and 1978 World Championships, third at the 1984 Summer Olympics, eighth at the 1976 Summer Olympics, and ninth at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# José Mesiano

José Agustín Mesiano (1 May 1942 - 18 May 2017) was an Argentine footballer. He played in six matches for the Argentina national football team from 1963 to 1965. He was also part of Argentina's squad for the 1963 South American Championship.