# Kreis Berent

The Berent district was a Prussian district that existed from 1818 to 1920. It was in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after World War I in 1920. Its capital was Berent. From 1939 to 1945, the district was re-established in German-occupied Poland as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Today the territory of the district is located in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship.

## History

With the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the area of the future Berent district was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia and initially belonged to the Stargard district in the province of West Prussia. On 30 April 1815 the Stargard district became part of Regierungsbezirk Danzig. As part of a comprehensive district reform, the new Berent district was formed on 1 April 1818 from parts of the old Stargard district. It included the towns of Berent and Schöneck. The district office was in Berent. The district bordered in the west on the Pomeranian district of Bütow, in the north on the district of Karthaus and the district of Danzig, in the east on the district of Preußisch Stargard and in the south on the district of Konitz.
From 3 December 1829 to 1 April 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia, which had belonged to the German Reich since January 1871. Due to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, the Berent district had to be ceded by the German Reich on 10 January 1920. Most of the district fell to Poland. Several communities in the northeastern part of the district were ceded to the Free City of Danzig and were assigned to the Danziger Höhe district.

## Demographics

The district had a mixed population of Germans, Kashubians and Poles.
Ethnolinguistic structure of Kreis Berent :
| Year | Population | German | German | Polish / Kashubian / Bilingual / Other | Polish / Kashubian / Bilingual / Other |
| 1837 | 24,540 | 7,216 | 29.4% | 17,324 | 70.6% |
| 1855 | 34,718 | 12,483 | 36.0% | 22,235 | 64.0% |
| 1861 | 38,767 | 18,572 | 47.9% | 20,195 | 52.1% |
| 1900 | 49,821 | 22,664 | 45.5% | 27,157 | 54.5% |
| 1905 | 53,726 | 23,515 | 43.8% | 30,211 | 56.2% |
| 1910 | 55,976 | 23,682 | 42.3% | 32,294 | 57.7% |

## Politics
### District administrators

* 1818–1825: Johann Carl von Schulz
* 1825–1853: Ludwig Blindow
* 1853–1896: Hermann Engler
* 1896–1920: Friedrich Trüstedt

### Elections

In the German Empire, the districts of Berent and Preußisch Stargard formed the Reichstag constituency of Danzig 5. This constituency was won by candidates from the Polish Party in all elections to the Reichstag between 1871 and 1912.

## Municipalities

In 1910, the Berent district contained the following municipalities:
| Adlig Schönfließ Alt Barkoschin Alt Bukowitz Alt Grabau Alt Kischau Alt Paleschken Alt und Neu Englershütte Barenhütte$^{DZ}$ Barloggen Bebernitz Beek Berent, town Blumfelde Demlin Dobrogosch Dzimianen Eichenberg Ellerbruch$^{DZ}$ Fersenau Foßhütte Funkelkau Gartschin Gillnitz Gladau Golluhn Grabaushütte Grenzacker$^{DZ}$ Groß Klinsch Groß Lipschin | Groß Pallubin Grünthal Grzibau Hoch Liniewo Hoch Paleschken Hornikau Jarischau Jaschhütte Jeseritz Jungfernberg Juschken Kalisch Kamerau Kamerauofen Kartowen Klein Bendomin Klein Pallubin Kleschkau Konarschin Königlich Boschpol Königlich Schönfließ Königsdorf Kornen Koschmin Lienfelde Lindenberg Liniewken Lippischau Lippusch | Lorenz Lubahn Lubianen Neu Barkoschin Neu Bukowitz Neu Ciß Neu Fietz Neu Grabau Neuhöfel Neu Kischau Neu Klinsch Neu Lipschin Neu Paleschken Neu Podleß Neuwieck Niedamowo Niederhölle$^{DZ}$ Oberhölle$^{DZ}$ Ober Mahlkau Ober Schridlau Ochsenkopf$^{DZ}$ Olpuch Piechowitz Plachti Plense Plotzitz Pogutken Poldersee Raduhn | Recknitz Rottenberg Sanddorf Sawadda Schadrau Scharshütte$^{DZ}$ Schatarpi Schlusa Schöneck, town Schönheide Schwarzhof Schwarzhütte$^{DZ}$ Schwarzin Sietzenhütte Sobonsch Spohn Squirawen Stawisken Stoffershütte Strauchhütte$^{DZ}$ StrippauDZ Trockenhütte$^{DZ}$ Trzebuhn Tuschkau Wenzkau Wiesenthal$^{DZ}$ Wigonin Wischin Woithal |
The municipalities marked $^{DZ}$ became part of the Danziger Höhe district in the Free City of Danzig. All other municipalities fell to Poland in 1920.

## Landkreis Berent in occupied Poland (1939-1945)
### History

After the German invasion of Poland, on 26 November 1939, the Berent district became part of the administrative region of Danzig in the newly formed Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. The towns of Berent and Schöneck were subject to the German municipal code of 30 January 1935, which was valid in the Altreich and provided for the enforcement of the Führerprinzip at the municipal level. On 1 December 1939, 11 communities from the northern part of the Berent district were transferred to the new Danzig district. Towards the end of World War II, the district was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and was restored to Poland. The remaining German population was expelled.

### District administrators

* 1939–1940: Günter Modrow
* 1940–1941: Kurt Witte
* 1941–1944: Heinz Hesemann

### Place names

On 25 June 1942 all place names were Germanized with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior. Either the name from 1918 was retained or - if "not German" enough - acoustically adjusted or translated, for example:
* Gostomken: Fichtenau
* Groß Pallubin: Großpahlen
* Konarschin: Kunertsfeld
* Neupodleß: Neupoldersee
* Olpuch: Klettenhagen
* Stawisken: Teichdorf
* Trzebuhn: Tremborn
* Wigonin: Angersdorf