# List of conflicts in the southern Levant

This is a list of conflicts in the southern Levant arranged chronologically from ancient to modern times. This region has also been referred to historically as the Land of Canaan, the Land of Israel, the Holy Land, the Promised Land, and Palestine. This region has been ruled over by many nations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Judeans, Romans, Rashidun Caliphates, Crusaders, Ottoman Empire, British Empire, and today, Israel and Palestine. In addition to wars and battles, there may also be periods of violent, civil unrest included in this list, such as: massacres, riots, rebellions, and revolutions.

## 1050 BCE–551 BCE

| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents |
| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) |
| c. 1025 | c. 1025 | Battle of Michmas | Kingdom of Israel | Philistia |
| c. 1010 BCE | c. 1010 BCE | Siege of Jebus | Kingdom of Israel | Jebus |
| c. 900 | c. 900 | Battle of Zephath | Kingdom of Judah | Kingdom of Egypt Kushite contingents |
| 874 BCE | 874 BCE | Israelite–Aramean War | Kingdom of Israel | Kingdom of Aram-Damascus Amorites of Bashan |
| 736 BCE | 732 BCE | Syro-Ephraimite War | Kingdom of Judah Assyria | Kingdom of Israel Aram |
| 701 BCE | 701 BCE | Sennacherib's campaign in Judah | Kingdom of Judah | Neo-Assyrian Empire |
| 701 BCE | 701 BCE | Siege of Azekah | Neo-Assyrian Empire | Kingdom of Judah |
| 701 BCE | 701 BCE | Siege of Lachish | Neo-Assyrian Empire | Kingdom of Judah |
| 701 BCE | 701 BCE | Assyrian siege of Jerusalem | Kingdom of Judah | Neo-Assyrian Empire |
| c. 655 BCE | c. 655 BCE | Fall of Ashdod Part of the Wars of Neo-Assyria | Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt | Neo-Assyrian Empire |
| 609 BCE | 609 BCE | Battle of Megiddo (609 BC) | Twenty-sixth Egyptian dynasty | Kingdom of Judah |
| 601 BCE | 586 BCE | Judah's revolts against Babylon | Neo-Babylonian Empire Supported by: Moab Ammon Chaldea | Kingdom of Judah Supported by: Twenty-sixth Egyptian dynasty |
| 597 BCE | 597 BCE | Siege of Jerusalem (597 BCE) | Neo-Babylonian Empire | Kingdom of Judah |
| 587 BCE | 587 BCE | Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) | Neo-Babylonian Empire | Kingdom of Judah |

## 550 BCE–1 BCE

| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents |
| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) |
| 336 BCE | 323 BCE | Wars of Alexander the Great | Macedonian Empire League of Corinth | Achaemenid Empire |
| 332 BCE | 332 BCE | Siege of Gaza Part of the Wars of Alexander the Great | Macedon | Achaemenid Empire |
| 322 BCE | 281 BCE | Wars of the Diadochi | First War (321–319 BC): Antipatrid dynasty Antigonid dynasty Ptolemaic Dynasty Second War (318–316 BC): Antigonid dynasty Antipatrid dynasty Ptolemaic Dynasty Thrace Third War (315-311BC): Antigonid dynasty Polyperchon Fourth War (307–301 BC): Antigonid dynasty | First War (321–319 BC): Perdiccas's faction Second War (318–316 BC): Polyperchon's faction Epirus Third War (315-311 BC): Ptolemaic Egypt Antipatrid Macedon Thrace Caria Fourth War (307–301 BC): Ptolemaic Egypt Antipatrid Macedon Thrace Seleucid Empire |
| 312 BCE | 312 BCE | Battle of Gaza (312 BCE) | Ptolemies Seleucids | Antigonids |
| 167 BCE | 141 BCE | Maccabean Revolt | Maccabees | Seleucid Empire |
| 167 BCE | 167 BCE | Battle of the Ascent of Lebonah Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Judean rebels | Seleucid Empire |
| 166 BCE | 166 BCE | Battle of Beth Horon (166 BCE) Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Judean rebels | Seleucid Empire |
| 165 BCE | 165 BCE | Battle of Emmaus Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Maccabees | Seleucid Empire |
| 164 BCE | 164 BCE | Battle of Beth Zur Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Maccabees | Seleucid Empire |
| 163 BCE | 163 BCE | Maccabee campaigns of 163 BC Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Maccabees | Seleucid Empire |
| 163 BCE | 163 BCE | Battle of Dathema Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Maccabees | Seleucid Empire |
| 162 BCE | 162 BCE | Battle of Beth Zechariah Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Maccabees | Seleucid Empire |
| 161 BCE | 161 BCE | Battle of Adasa Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Maccabees | Seleucid Empire |
| 160 BCE | 160 BCE | Battle of Elasa Part of the Maccabean Revolt | Seleucid Empire | Maccabees |
| 107 BCE | 88 BCE | Civil War of Ptolemy Lathyros | Egypt (Ptolemy IX Soter) Cyprus Phoenicia | Egypt (Cleopatra III) Judea (103–93) Nabatea (103–93) |
| 93 BCE | 93 BCE | Battle of Gadara | Nabataean Kingdom | Hasmonean dynasty |
| 93 BCE | 87 BCE | Judean Civil War Part of the Pharisee-Sadducee conflict | Sadducees | Pharisees Seleucid Empire (89-88 BCE) |
| 67 BCE | 63 BCE | Hasmonean Civil War Part of the Pharisee-Sadducee conflict Part of the Third Mithridatic War | Hyrcanus II Pharisees Nabataean kingdom Roman Republic | Aristobulus II Sadducees Mercenaries Roman Republic |
| 63 BCE | 63 BCE | Siege of Jerusalem (63 BCE) Part of the Hasmonean Civil War | Roman Republic | Hasmonean dynasty |
| 37 BCE | 37 BCE | Siege of Jerusalem (37 BCE) | Herodian dynasty Roman Republic | Hasmonean dynasty |

## 1–999

| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents |
| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) |
| 66 | 66 | Jerusalem riots of 66 First Jewish–Roman War Part of Jewish–Roman wars | Roman Empire | Jews of Judaea |
| 66 | 74 | First Jewish–Roman War Part of Jewish–Roman wars | Roman Empire | Judaea Judean provisional government Sadducees Pharisees Peasantry faction Edomites (69–70) Supported by: Adiabene volunteers Radical factions: Zealots Edomites (68) Sicarii |
| 70 | 70 | Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) Part of the First Jewish–Roman War Part of Jewish–Roman wars | Roman Empire | Remnants of the Judean provisional government Sadducees Pharisees Peasantry faction Edomites Zealots |
| 115 | 117 | Kitos War Part of Trajan's Parthian Campaign Part of Jewish–Roman wars | Roman Empire | Jews of Judaea, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, Aegyptus, and Mesopotamia |
| 132 | 136 | Bar Kokhba revolt Part of Jewish–Roman wars | Roman Empire | Jews of Judaea under Simon Bar Kokhba |
| 351 | 352 | Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus | Byzantine Empire | Jews of Syria Palaestina |
| 484 | 573 | Samaritan revolts | Byzantine Empire Dux Palaestinae troops Arcadiani Ghassanid Arabs | Samaritan rebels Jewish rebels (556, 572 and 573/578 revolts) |
| 602 | 628 | Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 | Byzantine Empire Western Turkic Khaganate Ghassanids | Sasanian Empire Avars (and Slavic allies) Sasanian Iberia Jewish and Samaritan rebels (c. 614) Lakhmids |
| 614 | 614 | Siege of Caesarea Maritima (614) Part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire |
| 614 | 617/625 | Jewish revolt against Heraclius Part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire Jewish allies |
| 614 | 614 | Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem Part of the Jewish revolt against Heraclius Part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire Jewish allies |
| 634 | 638 | Muslim conquest of the Levant Part of the Arab–Byzantine wars | Rashidun Caliphate | Byzantine Empire Ghassanids Tanukhids |

## 1000–1499

| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents |
| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) |
| 1096 | 1099 | First Crusade Part of the Crusades | Crusaders Kingdom of France County of Auvergne Counts of Blois  County of Toulouse County of Boulogne  Duchy of Burgundy County of Flanders Duchy of Normandy Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay Duchy of Brittany Vermandois  Holy Roman Empire  Republic of Genoa County of Sicily Principality of Taranto County of Apulia and Calabria Eastern Christian Allies Byzantine Empire  Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia | Muslim forces Fatimid Caliphate Seljuk Empire Sultanate of Rum Danishmendids Seljuk Emirate of Aleppo Seljuk Emirate of Damascus Abbasid Caliphate |
| 1099 | 1099 | Siege of Jerusalem (1099) | Crusaders | Fatimid Caliphate |
| 1101 | 1101 | Battle of Ramla (1101) Part of the Crusades | Kingdom of Jerusalem | Fatimid Caliphate |
| 1102 | 1102 | Battle of Ramla (1102) Part of the Crusades | Fatimids of Egypt | Kingdom of Jerusalem |
| 1104 | 1104 | Siege of Acre (1104) | Kingdom of Jerusalem Republic of Genoa | Fatimid Caliphate |
| 1122 | 1124 | Venetian Crusade Part of the Crusades | Republic of Venice  Kingdom of Jerusalem  County of Tripoli | Fatimid Caliphate Seljuqs |
| 1145 | 1149 | Second Crusade Part of the Crusades | Sultanate of Rûm Almoravid Dynasty Zengid Dynasty Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate | Kingdom of Jerusalem  Kingdom of France  Holy Roman Empire  Kingdom of Portugal  Kingdom of Castile County of Barcelona  Kingdom of León Byzantine Empire  Kingdom of Sicily  Kingdom of England |
| 1177 | 1177 | Battle of Montgisard Part of the Crusades | Kingdom of Jerusalem | Ayyubid Dynasty |
| 1179 | 1179 | Battle of Marj Ayyun Part of the Crusades | Ayyubid Dynasty | Kingdom of Jerusalem  Knights Templar |
| 1179 | 1179 | Battle of Jacob's Ford Part of the Crusades | Ayyubid Dynasty | Kingdom of Jerusalem |
| 1182 | 1182 | Battle of Belvoir Castle Part of the Crusades | Kingdom of Jerusalem | Ayyubid Dynasty |
| 1183 | 1183 | Battle of Al-Fule Part of the Crusades | Kingdom of Jerusalem | Ayyubid Dynasty |
| 1187 | 1187 | Battle of Cresson Part of the Crusades | Ayyubid Dynasty | Kingdom of Jerusalem |
| 1187 | 1187 | Battle of Hattin Part of the Crusades | Ayyubid Dynasty | Kingdom of Jerusalem  County of Tripoli  Principality of Antioch |
| 1187 | 1187 | 1187 Siege of Jerusalem | Ayyubid Dynasty | Kingdom of Jerusalem |
| 1189 | 1192 | Third Crusade Part of the Crusades | Kingdom of Jerusalem  Kingdom of England  Kingdom of France  Holy Roman Empire  Knights Templar  Kingdom of Sicily | Ayyubid Dynasty Zengid Dynasty Byzantine Empire |
| 1197 | 1198 | Crusade of 1197 Part of the Crusades | Holy Roman Empire | Ayyubid Dynasty |
| 1202 | 1204 | Fourth Crusade Part of the Crusades | Holy Roman Empire  Republic of Venice Monferrat | Byzantine Empire |
| 1228 | 1229 | Sixth Crusade Part of the Crusades | Holy Roman Empire Teutonic Knights | Kingdom of Cyprus House of Ibelin Ayyubid Dynasty |
| 1228 | 1243 | War of the Lombards | Kingdom of Cyprus Anti-Imperial faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem Republic of Genoa Knights Templar Papacy | Holy Roman Empire Pro-Imperial faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem Principality of Antioch and County of Tripoli Republic of Pisa Knights Hospitaller Teutonic Knights |
| 1244 | 1244 | Siege of Jerusalem (1244) | Ayyubid Dynasty Khwarazmians | Kingdom of Jerusalem |
| 1248 | 1254 | Seventh Crusade Part of the Crusades | Ayyubid Dynasty Bahris | Kingdom of France  Knights Templar |
| 1256 | 1270 | War of Saint Sabas | Republic of Venice Count of Jaffa Knights Templar | Republic of Genoa Philip of Monfort John of Arsuf Knights Hospitaller |
| 1271 | 1272 | Ninth Crusade Part of the Crusades | Bahris | Anjou Kingdom of Cyprus Principality of Antioch  Kingdom of England Ilkhanate |
| 1291 | 1291 | Siege of Acre (1291) | Mamluk Sultanate Ayyubid remnant emirate of Hama | [[Kingdom of Jerusalem| Kingdom of Jerusalem]] (in union with Cyprus) Knights Templar Knights Hospitaller Teutonic Order Order of St. Thomas Order of St. Lazarus |

## 1500–1899

| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents |
| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) |
| 1516 | 1517 | Second Ottoman–Mamluk War Part of the Ottoman–Mamluk wars | Ottoman Empire | Mamluk Sultanate Abbasids |
| 1658 | 1667 | Druze power struggle (1658–1667) | Ottoman Empire | Ma'ani Druze Rebels |
| 1798 | 1801 | French campaign in Egypt and Syria Part of the War of the Second Coalition | Ottoman Empire Eyalet of Egypt Mamluks Nablus Tribesman Bedouin Tribesman (1798-1799) Albanian Bashi-bazouks Great Britain (1798–1800) United Kingdom (1801) Regency of Algiers Bedouin Tribesman (1801) | French Republic Armée d'Orient |
| 1799 | 1799 | 1799 Siege of Jaffa Part of the French campaign in Egypt and Syria Part of the War of the Second Coalition | French Republic | Ottoman Empire Albanian Bashi-bazouks |
| 1799 | 1799 | 1799 Siege of Acre Part of the French campaign in Egypt and Syria Part of the War of the Second Coalition | Ottoman Empire Great Britain | French Republic |
| 1799 | 1799 | 1799 Battle of Mount Tabor | French Republic | Ottoman Empire Mamluks Nablus Tribesman |
| 1831 | 1833 | First Egyptian–Ottoman War | Egypt | Ottoman Empire  Russian Empire (from 1833) |
| 1834 | 1835 | Syrian Peasant Revolt | Ottoman Egypt | Alawite clans Urban notables of: Nablus Jerusalem Hebron Safed |
| 1838 | 1838 | 1838 Druze revolt | Egypt Eyalet Chehab's forces supported by: Anaza tribe Wuld Ali tribe Sulut tribe of Laja (since March 1838) | Druze clans supported by: Sulut tribe of Laja (until March 1838) Maydan quarter of Damascus |
| 1839 | 1841 | Second Egyptian–Ottoman War | Ottoman Empire British Empire Austrian Empire Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia | Egypt  France Spain |
| 1860 | 1860 | 1860 Syrian Civil War | Rural Druze clans Abu Nakad clan Imad clan Abu Harmouch clan Talhuq clan Jumblatt clan Supported by al-Atrash clan Harfush clan Rural Sunni and Shia Muslim militiamen Sardiyah tribe | Maronites and allies Rural Maronite militiamen Zahalni militiamen Shihab dynasty |

## 1900–1999

| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents |
| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) |
| 1915 | 1918 | Sinai and Palestine campaign Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I Part of World War I | British Empire Kingdom of Hejaz France Kingdom of Italy | Ottoman Empire Germany Austria-Hungary |
| 1916 | 1918 | Arab Revolt Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I Part of World War I | Hashemite Arabs United Kingdom | Ottoman Empire |
| 1918 | 1918 | Battle of Megiddo (1918) | British Empire United Kingdom India Australia New Zealand South Africa Kingdom of Hejaz France | Ottoman Empire |
| 1920 | 1948 | Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine Battle of Tel Hai 1920 Jerusalem riots 1921 Jaffa riots 1929 Palestine riots 1933 Palestine riots 1948 Kfar Etzion massacre | Jewish National Council (Yishuv) Haganah FOSH Peulot Meyuhadot Irgun (1931–48) Lehi (1940–48) | Arab Higher Committee Fasa'il (1936-1939) Army of the Holy War (1947–48) Arab Liberation Army (1947–48) Central Committee of National Jihad in Palestine (1937–39) Jihadist groups: Black Hand (1929–35)  United Kingdom British Army Palestine Police Force Jewish Settlement Police Jewish Supernumerary Police Special Night Squads |
| 1936 | 1939 | 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Part of the Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine | United Kingdom British Army Palestine Police Force Jewish Settlement Police Jewish Supernumerary Police Special Night Squads Peace Bands Haganah FOSH Peulot Meyuhadot Irgun | Arab Higher Committee |
| 1940 | 1941 | Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II Part of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II Part of World War II | Fascist Italy | United Kingdom  Mandatory Palestine Jewish Yishuv |
| 1944 | 1948 | Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine Part of the Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine | Jewish Resistance Movement Haganah Irgun Lehi | British Army Royal Navy Royal Air Force Palestine Police Force |
| 1947 | 1948 | 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine Part of the 1948 Palestine war | Jews of Palestine Haganah Irgun Lehi | Arabs of Palestine Army of the Holy War Arab Liberation Army |
| 1948 | 1949 | 1948 Arab–Israeli War Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict | Israel | Egypt Iraq Transjordan Syria HWA Arab Liberation Army Lebanon Saudi Arabia  Yemen Foreign volunteers: Muslim Brotherhood  Pakistan Sudan |
| 1949 | 1956 | Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict | Israel | Palestinian FedayeenSupported by: Egypt Jordan Syria |
| 1951 | 1966 | Reprisal operations (Israel) Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict | Israel | Palestinian Fedayeen Jordan Egypt Syria |
| 1967 | 1967 | Six-Day War Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict | Israel | Egypt  Syria  Jordan Arab Expeditionary Forces: Iraq  Saudi Arabia  Morocco  Algeria  Libya  Kuwait  Tunisia Sudan  PLO |
| 1967 | 1970 | War of Attrition Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict | Israel | Egypt  Soviet Union  Cuba PLO  Jordan  Syria |
| 1973 | 1973 | Yom Kippur War Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict | Israel | Egypt  Syria Combat support: Iraq  Jordan  Algeria  Cuba  Morocco |
| 1978 | 1978 | 1978 South Lebanon conflict Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict | Israel SLA | PLO |
| 1982 | 1985 | 1982 Lebanon War Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict | Israel SLA Lebanese Front | PLO Syria Hezbollah Jammoul Amal Al-Mourabitoun Islamic Amal ASALA Al-Tawhid PKK |
| 1985 | Ongoing | Iran–Israel proxy conflict | Iran | Israel |
| 1985 | 2000 | South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict | Hezbollah Jammoul Amal | Israel SLA Lebanese Front |
| 1987 | 1993 | First Intifada Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict | Israel | Unified National Leadership of the Uprising Hamas Palestinian Islamic Jihad |

## 2000–2024

| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents |
| Started | Ended | Name of conflict | Victorious party (if applicable) | Defeated party (if applicable) |
| 2000 | 2005 | Second Intifada Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict | Israel | Palestinian Authority Fatah (al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades) PFLP DFLP Hamas Islamic Jihad Popular Resistance Committees Others Supported by: Iraq (until 2003) |
| 2000 | 2006 | 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict | Israel | Hezbollah Supported by:  Syria  Iran |
| 2006 | Ongoing | Fatah–Hamas conflict | Hamas | Fatah Supported by:  United States (allegedly)  United Kingdom (covert) |
| 2006 | 2006 | 2006 Lebanon War Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict | Israel Supported by:  United States | Hezbollah Amal LCP PFLP-GC Supported by:  Iran  Syria  Lebanon |
| 2007 | 2007 | Hamas' takeover of Gaza Part of the Fatah–Hamas conflict | Hamas | Fatah |
| 2008 | 2009 | Gaza War Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict | Israel | Gaza Strip Hamas PFLP Palestinian Islamic Jihad Fatah Popular Resistance Councils |
| 2014 | 2014 | 2014 Gaza War Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict | Israel | Gaza Strip Hamas Islamic Jihad DFLP PFLP PRC al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Abdullah Azzam Brigades |
| 2018 | 2018 | November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes Part of the Gaza-Israel conflict | Israel | Gaza Strip Hamas Islamic Jihad PFLP al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades PRC |
| 2019 | 2019 | May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict | Israel | Gaza Strip Hamas Palestinian Islamic Jihad National Resistance Brigades Tawhid al-Jihad Supported by:  Iran |
| 2019 | 2019 | November 2019 Gaza-Israel clashes Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict | Israel | Palestinian Islamic Jihad |
| 2021 | 2021 | 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis | Israel | Hamas Palestinian Islamic Jihad |
| 2022 | 2022 | 2022 Gaza–Israel clashes Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict | Israel | Palestinian Islamic Jihad |
| 2023 | 2023 | May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict | Israel | Palestinian Islamic Jihad Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine |
| 2023 | 2023 | October 7 attack Alumim massacre Be'eri massacre Kfar Aza massacre Netiv HaAsara massacre Nir Oz massacre Nova music festival massacre Psyduck music festival massacre Zikkim attack Israel-Hamas war hostage crisis Sexual and gender-based violence in the 7 October attack on Israel Part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict | Hamas Palestinian Islamic Jihad Popular Resistance Committees Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Palestinian Freedom Movement Palestinian Mujahideen Movement | Israel |
| 2023 | Ongoing | 2023 Israel–Hamas war Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict | Israel | Gaza Al-Qassam Brigades Al-Quds Brigades Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades National Resistance Brigades West Bank al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades Lions' Den  Lebanon  Hezbollah  Yemen Houthis  Iraq Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance Supported by: Iran North Korea |
| 2023 | Ongoing | 2023 Israel–Lebanon border clashes Part of the Israeli–Lebanese conflict Part of the spillover of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war | Israel | Hezbollah Hamas PIJ PFLP Lebanese Resistance Brigades |
| 2023 | Ongoing | Red Sea crisis Part of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict Part of the Iran–United States proxy conflict Part of the Yemeni crisis Part of the spillover of the Israel–Hamas war | Houthi movement Axis of Resistance Iran Hezbollah Islamic Resistance in Iraq | Israel |
| 2024 | 2024 | 2024 Iran–Israel conflict Part of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict Part of the spillover of the Israel–Hamas war | Iran | IsraelSupported by: United States United Kingdom France Jordan |