OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lev Gutenmaher

Lev Israilevich Gutenmaher (Russian: Лев Изра́илевич Гутенма́хер) was a Soviet mathematician who conducted pioneering research in the area of computing technologies and made significant contributions to the early development of computer science. He was a recipient of the Stalin and National awards for his work.

## Biography

Lev Gutenmaher was born in Tarutino (now Bessarabske), Bessarabia in 1908. He received his master's degree in mathematics from the Don Polytechnic Institute (since renamed as the Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute) in 1931. He successfully completed his doctorate in 1934 and remained as a professor of mathematics at the institute until 1938.
In 1939, Gutenmaher moved to Moscow. He was tapped to head the laboratory for electronic modeling (LEM) at the Energetics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Alongside his work at the laboratory, he taught courses as a professor at the National Research Nuclear University.
Gutenmaher began his pioneering work on the usage of electronic networks to model complex informational systems and solve equations in the late 1930s. In the mid-1940s, he oversaw the development of the first analog computing machines. In 1950, he spearheaded the creation of an electronic computing machine that used contactless electromagnetic relays running on ferrite-diode cells. In 1954, he presented the first LEM-1 machine and in 1956, he published a scientific paper on the successful usage of matrix storage for data retention.
Gutenmaher was one of the earliest computer scientists in the Soviet Union. He pioneered the usage of computers to model cognitive and linguistic processes. His research papers covered such topics as data storage and retrieval, software development, and computerized telephony. A number of his works were translated into English, German, French, and Spanish.
He died in Odessa in 1981, where he had returned to in his sunset years to teach at the Odessa Polytechnic Institute.

## Works

* Electronic modeling: Electrointegrator. Soviet Academy of Sciences: Moscow-Leningrad, 1943.
* Electronic models and their use in engineering and physics. Lecture notes. Pravda: Moscow, 1946.
* Electronic models. Soviet Academy of Sciences: Moscow, 1949.
* Electronic information-logic machines. Soviet Academy of Sciences: Moscow, 1960 and 1962.
* Traitement électronique de l’information. A. Deweze, Traducteur. Société des Editions Radio: Paris, 1961.
* Electronic information-logic machines. Wiley Interscience: Нью-Йорк, 1963.
* Tratamiento electrónico de la información. Editorial: Paraninfo: Madrid and Mexico, 1964.
* Thinking machines. Translated from the Russian by A. Zdornykh. Foreign Languages Publishing House: Moscow, 1965.
* Informations-Logische Automaten. Automatisierung im Informations-und Bibliothekswesen. R. Oldenbourg Verlag: Munich and Vienna, 1966.
* Associative memory devices. Energy: Leningrad, 1967.
* Electronic models. Tehnika: Kiev, 1975.
# Ronnie Sharp (footballer)

Ronnie Sharp (born 30 January 1948) is a Scottish footballer who played in the North American Soccer League and Mexican Primera División.

## Career

Born on 30 January 1948, in Scotland, Sharp began his football career with junior side Glenrothes. The winger played part-time with Scottish Second Division side Cowdenbeath from 1968 to 1973. Miami Toros' coach John Young scouted Sharp on a trip to Scotland, and he joined the NASL club in 1973. During the off-season, Sharp and teammates Warren Archibald and Steve David joined Mexican side San Luis for five weeks of the 1973–74 Mexican Primera División season.
Sharp returned to the Miami Toros for three more seasons before finishing his career with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers in 1977. He was named to the 1975 NASL All-Star team.
Sharp owned the Fort Lauderdale Sun of the United Soccer League in 1984, but was forced to sell the team shortly after winning the USL championship, because of his involvement in a Texas marijuana smuggling operation. In September 1984, he testified as a witness for the U.S. government, as part of a plea deal. Sworn testimony indicated that Sharp was more likely a middle-man than an active participant in the operation.
# Wu geng chang wang

Wu geng chang wang (simplified Chinese: 五更肠旺; traditional Chinese: 五更腸旺; pinyin: wǔgēngchángwàng; lit. '3:00 to 5:00 A.M chitterling and blood') is a Taiwanese dish that is commonly found in Rechao or Sichuan style restaurants in Taiwan.

## Origin

Wǔ gēng cháng wàng is often found in Sichuan style restaurants in Taiwan or Chinese restaurants overseas. It is often mistaken as Sichuan cuisine, but it is unknown in Sichuan. It was actually a Sichuan style dish created in Taiwan, likely when a chef wanted to impress former president Chiang Ching-kuo by simmering pig intestines and duck blood, cooking it until five "gēng" (3:00 A.M. to 5:00 A.M), so the dish became known as "five gēng intestines and blood". Famed painter Chang Dai-chien disliked the name and renamed it "wǔ gēng cháng wàng".
It might have also been created by a housewife living in a military dependents' village who combined common ingredients in a hot pot.

## Etymology

There are various origins for the words "wǔ gēng" (五更). It might be that the dish needs to be cooked until five gēng. It might also be that the dish requires the gěng, or "stem", of five plant ingredients, garlic shoots/green onion, suan cai, chili pepper, garlic, and ginger. It is also likely that people used to use a small stove called wǔ gēng stove at night, and the dish might have been created in the same kind of stove.
"Cháng" (腸) means large intestines of pigs.
"Wàng" (旺) means duck blood, pig blood, or chicken blood, which are also called wàng zǐ (旺子) or xiě wàng (血旺) in Guizhou. Wǔ gēng cháng wàng was originally named wǔ gēng cháng xiě, or "five gēng intestines and blood", but painter Chang Dai-chien thought the name was unappetizing. Since blood is red and the color represents wàng, or "prosperity", in traditional Chinese culture, the name was changed to wǔ gēng cháng wàng.
Cháng wàng (腸旺) sounds similar to chāng wàng (昌旺), or "prosperous and flourishing", and cháng wàng (常旺), or "often prosperous". Wǔ gēng represents the approach of dawn, symbolizing a new day, so wǔ gēng cháng wàng represents prosperity everyday until dawn.
# Failosophy

Failosophy is an American comedy television series on MTV. The series ran from February 14 to April 25, 2013.

## Premise

Hosted by comedian Hasan Minhaj, along with a panel of comedians and internet personalities, the series discusses humorous content found on the internet through social networking websites and other online fails. Each episode also has an audience-submitted recreation of an embarrassing incident they experienced themselves.

## Episodes

| Season | Season | Episodes | Season Premiere | Season Finale |
| | 1 | 12 | February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14) | April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25) |

### Season 1 (2013)

| No. | Guests | Original air date | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | Nicole Byer, Mike Cannon and Jared Freid | February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14) | 1.08 |
| 2 | Jordan Carlos, Sabrina Jalees and Andrew Schulz | February 21, 2013 (2013-02-21) | 0.70 |
| 3 | Nikki Glaser, Kevin Barnett and Jessimae Peluso | February 28, 2013 (2013-02-28) | 0.82 |
| 4 | Jamie Lee, Damien Lemon and Gareth Reynolds | March 7, 2013 (2013-03-07) | 0.95 |
| 5 | Chris Distefano, Gabe Liedman and Sara Schaefer | March 14, 2013 (2013-03-14) | 0.80 |
| 6 | Jordan Carlos, Sabrina Jalees and Andrew Schulz | March 21, 2013 (2013-03-21) | 0.93 |
| 7 | Mike Cannon, Pete Davidson, and Joselyn Hughes | March 28, 2013 (2013-03-28) | 0.92 |
| 8 | Jamie Lee, Gabe Liedman and Gareth Reynolds | April 4, 2013 (2013-04-04) | 0.77 |
| 9 | Nicole Byer, Kevin Barnett and Jared Freid | April 11, 2013 (2013-04-11) | 0.89 |
| 10 | Nikki Glaser, Kevin Barnett and Jessimae Peluso | April 18, 2013 (2013-04-18) | 1.07 |
| 11 | Charlemagne, Chris Distefano and Sara Schaefer | April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25) | 0.60 |
| 12 | Chris Distefano, Lucas Molandes and Brooke Van Poppelen | April 25, 2013 (2013-04-25) | N/A |
# Folorunso Fatukasi

Folorunso Ifeyinka "Foley" Fatukasi (born March 4, 1995) is an American professional football defensive tackle for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at UConn.

## College career

In 2015, Fatukasi was named as an honorable mention on the 2015 All-American Athletic Conference football team.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 3+3⁄4 in (1.92 m) | 318 lb (144 kg) | 34+1⁄8 in (0.87 m) | 10+1⁄4 in (0.26 m) | 5.29 s | 1.76 s | 3.00 s | 4.53 s | 7.44 s | 30.0 in (0.76 m) | 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m) | 33 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine ||||||||||||

### New York Jets

Fatukasi was drafted by the New York Jets in the sixth round (180th overall) of the 2018 NFL draft.
In his rookie season, 2018, Fatukasi took just 3 snaps on defense, playing in one game. He was inactive for the other 15 games, but nonetheless made his NFL debut on November 25, 2018 against the New England Patriots. He did not record any stats in the limited action.
In 2019, he appeared in 14 games as a reserve, recording 27 total tackles (14 solo), 7 tackles-for-loss, 3 quarterback hits, and one pass defensed. He recorded his first career sack in Week 15 against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played in 40% of defensive snaps and 29% of special teams snaps.
In 2020, he started 8 games and appeared in 15, logging 42 total tackles (22 solo), 6 tackles-for-loss, 5 quarterback hits, and two passes defensed. He added 2 sacks, a forced fumble, and a fumble recovery, while playing in 47% of defensive snaps and 34% of special teams snaps.
Fatukasi was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on December 17, 2020, and activated on December 22.
In 2021, Fatukasi played in 15 games with the Jets, starting all 15 and recording 46 total tackles (25 solo), 5 tackles-for-loss, and 6 quarterback hits. He played on a career-high 53% of defensive snaps, as well as 15% of special teams snaps.

### Jacksonville Jaguars

On March 16, 2022, Fatukasi signed a three-year, $30 million contract with the Jacksonville Jaguars.
In his first season with the team, he made 13 starts, playing in a total of 14 games, and recorded 24 total tackles (13 solo), 2 tackles-for-loss, 3 quarterback hits, 1.5 sacks, and 3 passes defensed. He played on 46% of defensive snaps, but only played one snap on special teams.
Fatukasi was released on March 5, 2024.

### Houston Texans

On March 19, 2024, Fatukasi signed with the Houston Texans.

## Personal life

Fatukasi is of Nigerian descent. His brother Olakunle Fatukasi is a linebacker who played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2022 and is currently a free agent.
# Czermno, Lublin Voivodeship

Czermno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tyszowce, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Tyszowce, 30 km (19 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 103 km (64 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
In the early Middle Ages, Czerwien/Czermno was one of the largest Slavic gords of this part of Europe. Its history dates back to the 5th/6th century, and Czermno probably was main center of the so-called “Czerwien/Cherven Towns”. Czermno/Czerwien was first mentioned in 981, when Vladimir the Great captured it from the Poles. Czerwien remained part of Kievan Rus' until the Mongol invasion of Europe, when it was probably ransacked and destroyed.
The location of the historic gord in what is today the village of Czerwien was confirmed by archaeologists, who worked here in 1952, 1976–79 and 1997. Total area of the gord was probably 100 hectares, divided into center, suburbs, settlements and three cemeteries. It was spread along both banks of the Huczew river, with a wooden bridge joining the two parts of the village. Czerwien was protected by ramparts and moats, there also were piers for boats. According to archaeologists, in the early Middle Ages it was as large as main centers of early Polish statehood, Poznań and Gniezno.
In April 2011, two hoards of silver jewellery were found by archaeologists during the excavation of the early medieval castle and associated settlement at Czermno. The hoards, which were situated 20 metres apart, comprised about forty items of jewellery, including earrings, finger rings, armlets, bracelets, and temple pendants. One of the hoards was found in an earthenware pot, and the other hoard was probably originally placed in a cloth or leather bag which has since decayed. The jewellery dates to the 13th century, and it is thought that the hoards may have been buried in response to the Mongol invasion of Poland in 1240.
# 32-bit disk access

32-bit Disk Access (also known as FastDisk) refers to a special disk access and caching mode available in older, MS-DOS-based Microsoft Windows operating systems. It was a set of protected mode device drivers that worked together to take advantage of advanced disk I/O features in the system BIOS. It filtered interrupt 13h BIOS calls to the disk controller and directed them in the most efficient way for the system — either through the 32-bit interface with the hard disk controller or through the system BIOS. Using 32-bit Disk Access allowed for more pageable memory in Windows to page MS-DOS–based applications to disk to free enough RAM for applications when they needed to use it. Sometimes enabling this mode would break older applications of the day.
Windows 3.1 had an option in its 386 Enhanced Control Panel that would enable 32-bit read & write access in 386 enhanced mode. Usually, 32-bit read could be safely enabled, but 32-bit write had issues with a number of applications. 32-bit Disk Access was the feature that made it possible to page MS-DOS applications to disk. Without it, if the real mode disk code (the Int 13h handler) was paged out, the virtual DOS machine would loop forever.
32-bit disk access should not be confused with 32-bit file access. Although both technologies are similar, 32-bit disk access was introduced with Windows 3.1 and file access with Windows for Workgroups 3.11. 32-bit file access provided a 32-bit code path for Windows to directly access the disk bus by intercepting the MS-DOS Int 21H services while remaining in 386 protected mode and at CPU speeds, rather than handling the Int 21H services in real mode by MS-DOS. 32-bit disk access offers less performance and is less likely to work on many computers than 32-bit file access. 32-bit file access does not require 32-bit disk access.
Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me use native, protected mode 32-bit disk drivers during normal operation. However Safe Mode uses MS-DOS real mode disk drivers instead. Real mode MS-DOS drivers could also be used during normal operation for disk peripherals for which Windows did not have native drivers.
32-bit versions of the Windows NT family of operating systems including the newer Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista and later always have 32-bit disk drivers active, cannot use MS-DOS drivers at all, and the expression is not used for them.
# Fame L.A.

Fame L.A. is an American drama series that aired in syndication from 1997 to 1998. It told the story of a drama/dance school in Los Angeles where students honed their talents while overcoming various personal problems. It starred Heidi Noelle Lenhart, Christian Kane, Roselyn Sanchez, William R. Moses, and Lesli Margherita, among others. Its producers included Patricia Green. Among its directors were Sharron Miller and Nancy Malone. A total of 22 sixty-minute episodes were produced. Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Ireland's national public service broadcaster, is currently airing their own version of the show, titled, Fame: The Musical.

## Cast

* William R. Moses as David Graysmark
* Heidi Noelle Lenhart as Suzanne Carson
* Roselyn Sanchez as Lili Arguelo
* Christian Kane as Ryan Legget
* Matt Winston as Adom Lewis
* Lesli Margherita as Liz Clark
* Andy Milder as Marcus Carilli
* T.E. Russell as T.J. Baron

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| 1 | "Pilot: Part 1" | Unknown | Unknown | October 4, 1997 (1997-10-04) |
| 2 | "Pilot: Part 2" | Unknown | Unknown | October 11, 1997 (1997-10-11) |
| 3 | "Pilot: Part 3" | Unknown | Unknown | October 18, 1997 (1997-10-18) |
| 4 | "Almost a Big Night" | Unknown | Unknown | October 25, 1997 (1997-10-25) |
| 5 | "Seize the Day" | Unknown | Unknown | November 1, 1997 (1997-11-01) |
| 6 | "The Beat Goes On" | Unknown | Unknown | November 8, 1997 (1997-11-08) |
| 7 | "Reality Check" | Unknown | Unknown | November 15, 1997 (1997-11-15) |
| 8 | "Life Through the Lens" | Unknown | Unknown | November 22, 1997 (1997-11-22) |
| 9 | "Who Do You Love?" | Unknown | Unknown | November 29, 1997 (1997-11-29) |
| 10 | "The Guru" | Unknown | Unknown | December 6, 1997 (1997-12-06) |
| 11 | "The Christmas Episode" | Unknown | Unknown | December 13, 1997 (1997-12-13) |
| 12 | "Love Hurts" | Unknown | Unknown | January 10, 1998 (1998-01-10) |
| 13 | "Haunting Refrains" | Unknown | Unknown | January 17, 1998 (1998-01-17) |
| 14 | "Baby Pictures" | Unknown | Unknown | January 24, 1998 (1998-01-24) |
| 15 | "Duet" | Unknown | Unknown | January 31, 1998 (1998-01-31) |
| 16 | "The Key to Success" | Unknown | Unknown | February 7, 1998 (1998-02-07) |
| 17 | "Music Lessons" | Unknown | Unknown | February 14, 1998 (1998-02-14) |
| 18 | "The Boys and the Band" | Unknown | Unknown | February 21, 1998 (1998-02-21) |
| 19 | "Lili Vanilli" | Unknown | Unknown | February 28, 1998 (1998-02-28) |
| 20 | "Do or Die" | Unknown | Unknown | March 7, 1998 (1998-03-07) |
| 21 | "Green Eyed Monster" | Unknown | Unknown | March 14, 1998 (1998-03-14) |
| 22 | "Brotherly Love" | Unknown | Jordan Budde | March 21, 1998 (1998-03-21) |

## Awards

The series won two Primetime Emmys, for Outstanding Choreography (Marguerite Pomerhn Derricks and Peggy Holmes for the pilot) and Outstanding Main Title Theme Music (Maribeth Derry, Tom Snow, Robbie Buchanan and series creator Richard Barton Lewis).
# Ōtorohanga College

Ōtorohanga College is a coeducational state secondary school in Ōtorohanga, New Zealand. It was established as Otorohanga District High School in 1895. The school includes a Monday-to-Friday boarding hostel, Falloon House, opened in 1975, for students from outlying areas who return home each weekend.

## History
### Acknowledgment of Land Wars

In 2015, select Ōtorohanga College students were among the hundreds who met at parliament to push for a day to remember the Land Wars (New Zealand's Civil War of the mid 1840s to early 1870s.) Among the Ōtorohanga College students was year 13 Leah Bell, who stated to Stuff, "We decided that it was our responsibility now to take action and be proactive about our history. We petitioned absolutely everywhere and we've ended up with almost 13,000 signatures. ...I guess we're also proud of New Zealand and of who we are – that we will pull together and support each other in this way."

### COVID-19 pandemic

On 9 November 2020, Ōtorohanga College closed down its hostel after health authorities confirmed that a positive COVID-19 case had visited the facility while travelling from Wellington to Ōtorohanga and Kawhia.

## Enrolment

As of November 2024, Ōtorohanga College has a roll of 319 students, of which 169 (53.0%) identify as Māori.
As of 2024, the school has an Equity Index of 515, placing it amongst schools whose students have many socioeconomic barriers to achievement (roughly equivalent to deciles 2 and 3 under the former socio-economic decile system).

## Notable alumni

* Phil Amos, politician
* Kevin Eveleigh, rugby union player
* Koro Wētere, politician
* Toby Arnold, rugby player
* Jackson Willison, rugby union player
# Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains

"Green Land of Guyana", also known by its opening line "Dear Land of Guyana", is the national anthem of Guyana. Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by Archibald Leonard Luker. Two separate contests were held to determine the words and the tune, respectively. It was adopted as the national anthem in 1966, when the country gained independence from the United Kingdom.

## History

The British amalgamated the formerly Dutch colonies of Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo in 1814 into a single colony – British Guiana – and ruled over it until 1966. During the run up to independence in the early 1960s, several attempts were made by government committees to select the text to the new national anthem, but they all resulted in an impasse. Finally, in 1965, a fresh contest was held, and a new committee was formed, composed of individuals who possessed "broad literary and poetic backgrounds". The criteria they formulated for the anthem was that it should be august, inspire a love of country and evoke its unique characteristics, while at the same time be uncomplicated enough so that it could be comprehended by children. It was also supposed to be politically neutral, secular and dissimilar to the national anthems of other countries.
The competition saw a total of 266 entries submitted. The committee first narrowed this down to 40, and from that they chose 12 finalists. The lyrics penned by Archibald Leonard Luker were ultimately selected. A second contest was subsequently held to determine the music that was to accompany these lyrics. Another committee, consisting of a hundred people, selected from a blind audition. The identities of the composers were not revealed to them, so they chose from numbers that corresponded to the respective songs. In the end, a tune composed by Cyril Potter was chosen.

## Lyrics

The first stanza of "Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains" alludes to the country's geography. The other verses personify Guyana as a mother to its citizens, who have a duty of respect and protection of her.
* Dear land of Guyana, of rivers and plains
* Made rich by the sunshine, and lush by the rains,
* Set gem-like and fair, between mountains and seas,
* Your children salute you, dear land of the free.
* Green land of Guyana, our heroes of yore,
* Both bondsmen and free, laid their bones on your shore.
* This soil so they hallowed, and from them are we,
* All sons of one Mother, Guyana the free.
* Great land of Guyana, diverse though our strains,
* We're born of their sacrifice, heirs of their pains,
* And ours is the glory their eyes did not see,
* One land of six peoples, united and free.
* Dear land of Guyana, to you will we give,
* Our homage, our service, each day that we live;
* God guard you, great Mother, and make us to be
* More worthy our heritage, land of the free.
# Koszeliki

Koszeliki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzyrzec Podlaski, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Międzyrzec Podlaski, 20 km (12 mi) west of Biała Podlaska, and 91 km (57 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
# Czernic

Czernic is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłoczew, within Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Ryki and 64 km (40 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.