OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Toss It Up

"Toss It Up" is a song by rapper Tupac Shakur from his fifth studio album, The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory (1996). Released under the stage name Makaveli, the song served as the lead single to the posthumous album. It was first released in the United States just under two weeks after his death, peaking at number thirty-three on the R&B singles chart. The song is known for including a diss toward Dr. Dre and instrumentally being very similar to the production on the song "No Diggity". It features vocals and singing from Aaron Hall, Danny Boy, and K-Ci & JoJo.
The single release altered slightly to the version found on the album. The album version was later included on Shakur's 1998 compilation Greatest Hits with a new mix and alternative lyrics.

## Controversy

The original version of the song shared close similarities to Blackstreet's "No Diggity". Due to that, Jimmy Iovine sent a cease and desist order which forced them to reproduce the song. A new verse, dissing Dr. Dre, was also recorded for the new version.

## Music video

Two videos were recorded for the song. One, the main version, is set in a garage and features 2Pac wearing safety goggles and using a blow torch and baseball bat. was shot on the evening of September 6, 1996 . The videos were shot alongside featured artists Danny Boy, K-Ci and JoJo. Aaron Hall does not appear in either video.
Both videos were directed by Lionel C. Martin.

## Versions

* Album version:
The only version to feature the "album vibe" introduction.
* Single version:
With "needle drop" introduction by 2Pac, entirely different mix, and less, "Boom!", backing vocals throughout.
* Radio Edit:
2Pac’s outro disses are removed, instead the backing vocals are the focus.
* Video Version:
Features additional outro vocals by KC instead of the outro disses by 2Pac.
* Greatest Hits version:
An entirely new mix of the album version, minus the "album vibe" intro, and features some altered lyrics.
* Original early mix produced by Dr. Dre:
Officially unreleased, though leaked, this version doesn't include the final, Dre diss verse.
* Nu-Mixx version:
A remix by the Tha Row Hitters found on the 2003 compilation album, Nu-Mixx Klazzics.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Toss It Up" :
| Chart (1996–1997) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 39 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 7 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 4 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 15 |
| US R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay (Billboard) | 34 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "Toss It Up" :
| Chart (1997) | Position |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 42 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 5,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Gościniec, Lublin Voivodeship

Gościniec (Polish pronunciation:) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Nielisz, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 21 km (13 mi) west of Zamość and 59 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# K. Sarkunan

Sarkunan a/l Krishnansamy (born 4 August 1996) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder.

## Club career
### Selangor

Sarkunan started his career playing for Selangor youth team before being promoted into first team in December 2016. Sarkunan made his debut for the club in a 3–1 win over Penang coming off from the bench on 28 October 2017. On 1 September 2018, he scored his first professional goal against Pahang away with eventual 3–1 win in Malaysia Cup.

#### Negeri Sembilan (loan)

On 15 December 2021, Sarkunan joined Negeri Sembilan on a season-long loan.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 30 November 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental$^1$ | Continental$^1$ | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Selangor | 2017 | Malaysia Super League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Selangor | 2018 | Malaysia Super League | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | – | – | 10 | 1 |
| Selangor | 2019 | Malaysia Super League | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | – | – | 25 | 0 |
| Selangor | 2020 | Malaysia Super League | 5 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | – | – | 6 | 0 |
| Selangor | 2021 | Malaysia Super League | 7 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 | – | – | 10 | 0 |
| Selangor | Total | Total | 32 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 1 |
| Negeri Sembilan (loan) | 2022 | Malaysia Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 32 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 1 |
$^1$ Includes AFC Cup and AFC Champions League.
# Paul Jarvie

Paul Jarvie (born 14 June 1982) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scottish League One side Peterhead.

## Playing career

Jarvie joined Dundee United from school and turned professional in May 1999. He signed for Stenhousemuir on loan on 24 November 2001, and his league début came the same day, when he played in a 1–1 draw at home to Queen of the South. He finally made his United début on the final day of the 2001–02 season, as a half-time substitute for regular keeper Paul Gallacher.
He joined Forfar Athletic on loan in September 2004. He was supposed to stay until the end of December, but stayed only three days before being recalled by United after regular keeper Tony Bullock suffered a broken collar bone. He finally made his first start for United on 3 October 2004, playing in the 3–0 defeat at home to Celtic and remained in the team for the next nine games. Jarvie's most notable appearance for United come in the local derby match against neighbours Dundee, where Jarvie allowed a weak header to slip through his legs in the closing minutes of the match to hand Dundee victory.
Jarvie was released by Dundee United in January 2005 and joined Bristol City on non-contract terms. He joined Torquay United the following month, one of seven goalkeepers used by the Gulls that season. He played just once for Torquay, in a 4–1 defeat away to Barnsley on 26 February 2005, conceding three goals in the first thirty minutes.
Jarvie was released at the end of the season and returned to Scotland, joining Clyde in July 2005, one of eleven players signed within 24 hours by Clyde manager, Graham Roberts. He played eighteen times for Clyde, but in the summer of 2006, he dropped out of the professional game to sign for Inverurie Loco Works. He returned to the senior game after a two-year absence signing for Peterhead in July 2008.
# Strand Frisian

Strand Frisian was a dialect of the North Frisian language which was originally spoken on Strand island, Duchy of Schleswig. Strand was destroyed in the Burchardi flood of 1634 with its remnants forming the islands Pellworm and Nordstrand which are now part of Germany. Strand Frisian is counted among the mainland group of North Frisian dialects.

## History

The Frisian language became extinct on Nordstrand in the 17th century while it was spoken on Pellworm until the 18th century. After the 1634 flood, refugees from Strand brought their dialect to Wyk auf Föhr where it was spoken until the 19th century. It is still spoken as Halligen Frisian on the Halligen.

## Notable works

The most notable piece of literature in Strand Frisian is a translation of Martin Luther's Small Catechism from the time before 1634. Other works include the "Yn Miren-Söngh" [A Morning Song] and "Yn Een-Söngh" [An Evening Song] by preacher Anton Heimreich (1626–1685) from Nordstrand. Knudt Andreas Frerks (1815–1899), a pastor from Wyk, wrote a translation of the Parable of the Prodigal Son in the Wyk North Frisian dialect.
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Bandera County, Texas

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bandera County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bandera County, Texas. There are four properties listed on the National Register in the county. One property is a State Antiquities Landmark and holds two Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks. The remaining properties are also designated as Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 28, 2025.

## Current listings

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The locations of National Register properties may be seen in a mapping service provided.
| | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| 1 | Bandera County Courthouse and Jail | Bandera County Courthouse and Jail More images | October 31, 1979 (#79002911) | Public Sq., 12th and Maple Sts. 29°43′36″N 99°04′21″W﻿ / ﻿29.726667°N 99.0725°W﻿ / 29.726667; -99.0725﻿ (Bandera County Courthouse and Jail) | Bandera | State Antiquities Landmark, Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks |
| 2 | Jureczki House | Jureczki House | January 11, 1980 (#80004075) | 607 Cypress St. 29°43′13″N 99°04′31″W﻿ / ﻿29.720278°N 99.075278°W﻿ / 29.720278; -99.075278﻿ (Jureczki House) | Bandera | Recorded Texas Historic Landmark |
| 3 | B.F. Langford Jr. and Mary Hay House | B.F. Langford Jr. and Mary Hay House More images | March 22, 2004 (#04000229) | 415 Fourteenth St. 29°43′41″N 99°04′12″W﻿ / ﻿29.72797°N 99.06993°W﻿ / 29.72797; -99.06993﻿ (B.F. Langford Jr. and Mary Hay House) | Bandera | Recorded Texas Historic Landmark |
| 4 | River Oaks Courts | River Oaks Courts More images | January 28, 2019 (#100003354) | 14349 TX 16 29°48′07″N 99°15′13″W﻿ / ﻿29.801871°N 99.253706°W﻿ / 29.801871; -99.253706﻿ (River Oaks Courts) | Medina | Recorded Texas Historic Landmark |
# Chinese Wall (Montana)

The Chinese Wall is a large cuesta that lies along the crest of the Lewis and Clark Range in Bob Marshall Wilderness Area in northwest Montana. It stretches from Junction Mountain northward for 15 mi (24 km). It has an eastward-facing escarpment, 700 to 1,300 ft (210 to 400 m) high, carved by Pleistocene glaciers from westward tilted, sparsely fossiliferous, Middle Cambrian limestones. At the base of this shear wall, the limestones overlie Middle Cambrian shales and sandstones resting unconformably on late Precambrian sedimentary strata of the Belt Supergroup. The highest points on the wall are named separately as mountain peaks, including Junction, Haystack, Cliff, and Salt mountains. The Chinese Wall makes up part of the Continental Divide, meaning water on the different sides of the wall flow into either the Atlantic Ocean (through the Gulf of Mexico) or the Pacific Ocean.

## Access

The wall is most commonly accessed through Benchmark Trailhead. It normally takes hikers multiple days to reach the wall which is located about 18 miles from the earlier trailhead. The Continental Divide Trail passes directly below the wall.
There is a camping ban in place directly along the wall to maintain the relatively fragile ecosystem from overuse.
# Gawalong Glacier

Gawalong Glacier (Chinese: 嘎瓦龙冰川, 嘎瓦隆冰川, 嘎隆拉冰川, Tibetan: དགའ་བ་ལུང་གི་གངས་རི།), or Glacier of Gawalong Valley, is a temperate valley glacier in Bomê County, Tibet, spanning 18.6 km² with a length of 9.3 km. Located at 4,300–5,600 meters elevation in the Nyainquentanglha Range, it features a 2.1 km² debris-covered ablation zone and ice cliffs up to 40 meters high. The glacier feeds five proglacial lakes, including the milky-turquoise Tso Karpo (pH 7.1–7.4), formed by meltwater enriched with glacial flour.

## Geography

Designated a Grade I Protected Glacier under China's 2018 Tibetan Plateau Ecological Conservation Plan. The glacier's basal sliding velocity peaks at 12 cm/day in summer, monitored by 15 GPS stakes installed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Endemic species include the ice worm (Mesenchytraeus solifugus gawalongensis) and cushion plant Arenaria glacialis. Infrared cameras confirmed snow leopard (Panthera uncia) activity in its lateral moraines in 2021.
UNESCO's Third Pole Environment program conducts ice core drilling here, revealing 800-year climate records. Access requires permits from Tibet's Forestry Department, with annual visitor limits of 300 to prevent microplastic contamination. Guided treks follow moraine ridges to avoid crevasses (40–60 m deep).
# Grabniak, Lublin Voivodeship

Grabniak is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Urszulin, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Urszulin, 37 km (23 mi) south-west of Włodawa, and 40 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.
# List of leaders of the opposition in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly

The Leader of the Opposition in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the politician who leads the official opposition in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

## Eligibility

Official Opposition is a term used in Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly to designate the political party which has secured the second largest number of seats in the assembly. In order to get formal recognition, the party must have at least 10% of total membership of the Legislative Assembly.

## Role

In legislature, opposition party has a major role and must act to discourage the party in power from acting against the interests of the country and the common man. They are expected to alert the population and the Government on the content of any bill, which is not in the best interests of the country.

## List of Leaders of the Opposition

| No | Name | Constituency | Tenure | Tenure | Tenure | Assembly | Chief Minister | Party |
| 1 | Dina Nath | | 1 July 1963 | 11 January 1967 | 3 years, 194 days | 1st | Yashwant Singh Parmar | Swatantra Party |
| 2 | Kanwar Durga Chand | Sullah | 18 March 1967 | 1 March 1972 | 4 years, 349 days | 2nd | Yashwant Singh Parmar | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 3 | Shanta Kumar | Khera | 27 March 1972 | 30 March 1977 | 5 years, 3 days | 3rd | Yashwant Singh Parmar Thakur Ram Lal | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 4 | Thakur Ram Lal | Jubbal-Kotkhai | 29 June 1977 | 13 February 1980 | 2 years, 229 days | 4th | Shanta Kumar | Indian National Congress |
| 5 | Jagdev Chand | Hamirpur | 11 March 1985 | 3 March 1990 | 4 years, 357 days | 6th | Virbhadra Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 6 | Vidya Stokes | Theog | 21 March 1990 | 15 December 1992 | 2 years, 269 days | 7th | Shanta Kumar | Indian National Congress |
| 7 | Jagat Prakash Nadda | Bilaspur | 1 December 1993 | 24 December 1997 | 4 years, 23 days | 8th | Virbhadra Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 8 | Virbhadra Singh | Rohru | 25 March 1998 | 4 March 2003 | 4 years, 344 days | 9th | Prem Kumar Dhumal | Indian National Congress |
| 9 | Prem Kumar Dhumal | Bamsan | | | | 10th | Virbhadra Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| (6) | Vidya Stokes | Kumarsain | 22 January 2008 | 25 December 2012 | 4 years, 338 days | 11th | Prem Kumar Dhumal | Indian National Congress |
| (9) | Prem Kumar Dhumal | Hamirpur | 2 January 2013 | 18 December 2017 | 4 years, 350 days | 12th | Virbhadra Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 10 | Mukesh Agnihotri | Haroli | 23 August 2018 | 11 December 2022 | 4 years, 110 days | 13th | Jai Ram Thakur | Indian National Congress |
| 11 | Jai Ram Thakur | Seraj | 25 December 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 65 days | 14th | Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu | Bharatiya Janata Party |
# The Big Gun

The Big Gun (Irish: An Gunna Mór), at 939 metres (3,081 ft) high, is the ninth-highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin list, or the tenth-highest according to the Vandeleur-Lynam list. It is part of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks in County Kerry, and is also known as Lackagarrin or Foilnabreachaun.

## Geography

The Big Gun is in the eastern section of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks in County Kerry, Ireland's highest mountain range. It is on a narrow rocky arête between the mountains of Cnoc na Péiste 988 metres (3,241 ft) to the southwest, and Cruach Mhór 932 metres (3,058 ft) to the north, and is considered as offering some of the most exposed and serious hill walking in Ireland (equivalent to The Bones on the nearby Beenkeragh Ridge).
Because of its positioning, The Big Gun is usually climbed as part of a horseshoe, or loop-walk, of the eastern section of the Reeks, starting and ending from the Hag's Glen. It is also climbed as part of the even longer MacGillycuddy's Reeks Ridge Walk, which often starts at The Big Gun's eastern end, from Kate Kearney's Cottage in the Gap of Dunloe.
The Big Gun is the 378th-highest mountain peak in Britain and Ireland on the Simm classification. It is regarded by the Scottish Mountaineering Club ("SMC") as one of 34 Furths, which is a mountain peak above 3,000 ft (914 m) in elevation, and meets the other SMC criteria for a Munro (e.g. "sufficient separation"), but which is outside of (or furth) Scotland; which is why The Big Gun is sometimes referred to as one of the 13 Irish Munros.
The Big Gun's prominence qualifies it to meet the Arderin classification, and the British Isles Simm and Hewitt classifications. The Big Gun does not appear in the MountainViews Online Database, 100 Highest Irish Mountains, as the prominence threshold is over 100 m (328 ft).
# Apostol Arsache

Apostol Arsache (Romanian pronunciation:) or Apostolos Arsakis (Greek: Απόστολος Αρσάκης; Greek pronunciation:; 1789 – 1869) was a Greek-Romanian politician and philanthropist. He was one of the major benefactors of 19th-century Greece, while at the same time he became a leading political figure in Romania.

## Life

Arsache was born in the village of Hotovë, Përmet District, modern southern Albania, then in Ottoman Empire. He was of either Albanian, Aromanian or Greek descent. In 1800, Arsache moved together with his family to Vienna, there he was educated in a school of the local Greek diaspora. Among his teachers was Neophytos Doukas, prominent figure of the modern Greek Enlightenment. At 1807 Doukas published an epigram composed by Arsache about the work, Breviarium historiae Romanae, of historian Eutropius. He then went to the University of Halle and studied Medicine. Arsache composed a treatise under the title Ἔκθεσις συνοπτικὴ τῆς Ἰατρικῆς ἱστορίας (Coincise Report of the History of Medicine) in Ancient Greek, which was published at the Greek periodical Hermes o Logios, in Vienna. At 1807 he published his thesis De Piscium Celebro et Medulla Spinali in Latin.
In 1814 he moved to Bucharest, Romania. In the Cabinet of Barbu Catargiu (22 January to 24 June 1862), he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and following Catargiu's assassination on 20 June, Arsache briefly served as interim Prime Minister of Romania.

## Contribution to Greece

He became one of the major benefactors of the newly established Greek state. In 1850 he offered large sums of money for the establishment of a female educational institutions in the Greek capital, Athens, housed in a luxurious mansions at the city center. Arsache donated a total of 600,000 golden drachmas for this purpose. This institution bore the name Arsakeio after him. Because of his initiative the Greek Parliament gave him honorary Greek citizenship. He also managed to build a school in his home town in 1870.
# Black on Broadway

Black on Broadway is a 2004 HBO stand-up comedy special by Lewis Black. In it Black discusses topics such as George W. Bush, bottled water, and the 2004 winter. He apparently said the word "fuck" 78 times, but was informed that the number was 42: this arose when the Kennedy Center wanted him to do Red White & Screwed there, but required him to tone down his language.[citation needed]

## CD format

* Intro - 2:12
* Coldest Weather Ever! - 6:09
* Jobs - 4:32
* Water - 5:47
* Milk - 6:21
* School Attack - 4:12
* Outro - 1:09

## Information on the CD

* Artist - Lewis Black
* Genre - Comedy
* Length - 50:40
* Released - 2004 (limited CD)
# Dhanwati Chandela

Dhanwati Chandela (born 1960) is an Indian politician in the Aam Aadmi Party. She represents Rajouri Garden in the Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi, elected to the post in 2020 after defeating Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Ramesh Khanna.

## Political career

Chandela joined the Aam Aadmi Party in 2019 after serving as a 3-term Municipal Corporation of Delhi councillor. Her husband is Dyanand Chandila, a former MLA from Rajouri Garden and Vishnu Garden Assembly seats.
| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 2020 | - | Member, Seventh Legislative Assembly of Delhi | Rajouri Garden Assembly |
| 02 | 2002 | 2007 | Councillor, Municipal Corporation of Delhi | Guru Nanak Nagar ward |
| 03 | 1997 | 2002 | Councillor, Municipal Corporation of Delhi | Guru Nanak Nagar ward |

### Member of Legislative Assembly (2020 - present)

Since 2020, she is an elected member of the 7th Delhi Assembly.

#### Committee assignments of Delhi Legislative Assembly

* Member (2022-2023), Committee on Estimates

## Electoral performance

Delhi Assembly elections, 2020: Rajouri Garden :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Dhanwati Chandela | 62,212 | 55.70 | +42.58 |
| | BJP | Ramesh Khanna | 39,240 | 35.13 | −16.86 |
| | Independent | Sukhpal Singh | 5,218 | 4.67 | New |
| | INC | Amandeep Singh Sudan | 3,398 | 3.04 | −30.19 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 694 | 0.62 | −0.20 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 22,972 | 20.57 | +1.81 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,11,771 | 62.01 | −10.35 |
| | AAP gain from BJP | AAP gain from BJP | Swing | +42.58 | |

### 2017 results

By-election, 2017: Rajouri Garden :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Manjinder Singh Sirsa | 40,602 | 51.99 | +13.95 |
| | INC | Meenakshi Chandela | 25,950 | 33.23 | +21.23 |
| | AAP | Harjeet Singh | 10,243 | 13.12 | −33.43 |
| | Independent | Hardeep Singh | 225 | 0.29 | N/A |
| | Independent | Davinder Singh Negi | 219 | 0.28 | N/A |
| | AIFB | Lalit Taak | 211 | 0.27 | N/A |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 641 | 0.82 | +0.27 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,652 | 18.76 | +10.25 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 78,091 | 47.32 | −25.04 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,68,026 | | |
| | BJP gain from AAP | BJP gain from AAP | Swing | +23.69 | |
# Marco Parrino

Marco Parrino (born on April 18, 1995, in Alcamo) is an Italian businessman and writer. He is best known for Sicilia è amore, an editorial co-creation project for the promotion of Sicily, the income of which is donated to charity.

## Early life and education

Marco Parrino was born in Alcamo, Italy. He was graduated from the University of Bologna in Economics and did his Masters in Marketing Management from the Bocconi University in Milan. After his studies, he worked for various brands as a consultant in the high fashion industry, participating in various international events and to the creation of digital and editorial contents.

## Career

Since 2016, he has participated in several international fashion events including Pitti Uomo in Florence and in fashion week that were organized in Milan, London, Dubai and Istanbul. During his participation in these events, he collaborated with different brands such as Kia, John Varvatos (company), Hilton Worldwide, Rocco Forte Hotels, US POLO ASS etc. developing digital content for protmotion. Marco has been the official guest of many international events such as Mercedes Benz Fashion Week held in Istanbul and Arab Fashion Week held in Dubai.
In 2021, he published the book "Sicilia è amore", a volume that collects more than 400 locations that depicts the nature, culture and history of Sicily. There's a description for each place accompanied by photos and a QR Code that refers to the exact geographical position. The proceeds from the book are donated to a charity named "Plastic Free Odv Onlus" in order to fight against pollution caused by plastics.