# Bonifacio Global City

Bonifacio Global City (also known as BGC, Global City, or The Fort) is a 240-hectare mixed-use estate and central business district located in Taguig, Philippines. The district experienced commercial growth following the sale of a 440 ha (1,100 acres) military base at Fort Bonifacio by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA). The entire district used to be the part of the main Philippine Army camp.
Bonifacio Global City is part of Taguig's barangay Fort Bonifacio. Prior to the creation of such barangay in 2008, it was part of barangay Ususan.
Previously, it was also claimed by Makati as part of its barangays Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside, both part of the Embo barangays that were eventually transferred to Taguig in 2023. Pateros also claims the area as part of its territory.
In 1995, Bonifacio Land Corporation (BLC) started planning a major urban development—Bonifacio Global City. BLC made a successful bid to become BCDA's partner in the development of the district. The Ayala Corporation through Ayala Land, Inc., and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. of the Campos Group purchased a controlling stake in BLC from Metro Pacific in 2003. BCDA and the two companies now control Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation, which oversees the master planning of Bonifacio Global City.

## History
### American years

During the American colonial period, the US government acquired a 25.78-square-kilometer (9.95 sq mi) property within what was then disputed area between Makati, Taguig and Pateros for military purposes. This area (Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) dated 1902) was turned into a camp then known as Fort William McKinley after the 25th US president, William McKinley. After the Philippines gained its political independence from the United States on July 4, 1946, the US bestowed to the Republic of the Philippines all rights of possession, jurisdiction, supervision, and control over the Philippine territory except the use of their military bases. On May 14, 1949, Fort McKinley was turned over to the Philippine government by virtue of US Embassy Note No. 0570.

### Post-independence years

Under the Armed Forces of the Philippines leadership of Gen. Alfonso Arellano, Fort McKinley was made the permanent headquarters of the Philippine Army in 1957 and was subsequently renamed Fort Bonifacio, after the Father of the Philippine Revolution against Spain, Andrés Bonifacio, whose father, Santiago Bonifacio, was a native of Taguig.
When Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under martial law in 1972, Fort Bonifacio became the host of three detention centers full of political prisoners - the Ipil Reception Center (sometimes called the Ipil Detention Center), a higher security facility called the Youth Rehabilitation Center (YRC), and the Maximum Security Unit where Senators Jose W. Diokno and Benigno Aquino Jr. were detained. Ipil was the largest prison facility for political prisoners during martial law. Among the prisoners held there were some of the country's leading academics, creative writers, journalists, and historians including Butch Dalisay, Ricky Lee, Bienvenido Lumbera, Jo Ann Maglipon, Ninotchka Rosca, Zeus Salazar, and William Henry Scott.
The YRC was a higher security prison which housed prominent society figures and media personalities,including society figures Tonypet and Enrique Araneta, Constitutional Commission delegate Manuel Martinez, poet Amado V. Hernandez, and Polytechnic University of the Philippines president Nemesio Prudente. After Fort Bonifacio was privatized, the area in which Ipil was located became the area near S&R and Home Depot, near 32nd Street and 8th Avenue in Bonifacio Global City, while the YRC became a government facility just outside of the business district.
On March 19, 1992, President Corazon C. Aquino signed the Bases Conversion and Development Act of 1992 (Republic Act No. 7227) into law, creating the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), tasked with converting Military Bases into "integrated developments, dynamic business centers and vibrant communities."

### Privatization and early development

On June 7, 1994, President Fidel V. Ramos approved the privatization of the former military base for ₱20 billion. The following year, Metro Pacific won a bid of $1.6 billion to undertake the conversion of 535 acres of undeveloped land into the country's newest commercial, business, and residential complex. Metro Pacific crushed the attempts of four other groups, and the holding company, backed by Hong Kong's First Pacific, was $438 million higher than Ayala Land's bid of $1.2 billion.
On February 3, 1995, the BCDA and a consortium led by Metro Pacific Investments Corporation formed a joint venture called the Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation (FBDC) for the purpose of developing 150 hectares (370 acres) of former Fort Bonifacio land. The private group bought a 55% stake in the FBDC for ₱30.4 billion, while BCDA held on to the remaining 45% stake. The FBDC's landmark project was conceived as Bonifacio Global City, a real estate development area meant to accommodate 250,000 residents and 500,000 daytime workers and visitors. In the same month, the Republic of the Philippines transferred 214 hectares of land in Fort Bonifacio to FBDC through Special Patent 3596.
Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassabaum (HOK), an American firm based in St. Louis and San Francisco, was appointed in 1996 to craft a master plan and designs to convert a 400-hectare former military base into a major urban center. The consultants are PROS, DCCD Engineering, TCGI, and W.B. Coscolluela & Associates. While the traffic and civil engineers led by Parsons Brinckerhoff (Asia) Ltd. In 1999, the government proposed the Government Center for Investments Complex, which is part of the development of the BGC and would have a cluster of four state-of-the-art medium-rise buildings that would become a one-stop shop for businesses and investors, and the BCDA signed an agreement with Mansour Establishment for Commerce and Development Projects, CAMS Asia Inc., and Bonifacio Business Center Inc. This plan would have housed the eight key government agencies but was not realized. The project was hampered by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, but moved forward when Ayala Land and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. of the Campos Group purchased Metro Pacific's controlling stake in FBDC on April 24, 2003.

### Territorial dispute

On December 9, 1937, the Deed of Absolute Sale executed by the owner, Don Anacleto Madrigal Acopiado in favor of the American Government covering the area of 100 hectares (250 acres), portion of Bicutan, Taguig, annotated at the back of TCT No. 408. During the American Commonwealth, it was converted to a Military base, named Fort McKinley. It was during the presidency of President Ferdinand Marcos' administration when Fort McKinley was renamed Fort Bonifacio and transferred to Makati. Taguig got the jurisdiction over Fort Bonifacio after winning the case against Makati in filed in the Pasig Regional Trial Court in 1993. Makati appealed the ruling, but the Pasig RTC in 2011 still sided with Taguig, saying that Fort Bonifacio including the EMBO Barangays are all part of Taguig. Makati then asked the Court of Appeals to review the case. The Court of Appeals overturned the Pasig Regional Trial Court's decision and reverted jurisdiction of the BGC in favor of Makati. Taguig has filed a Motion of Reconsideration at the Court of Appeals seeking to revert the decision.
The newest Court of Appeals Resolution was promulgated on October 3, 2017. In an 18-page resolution promulgated on March 8 penned by Associate Justice Edwin Sorongon and was concurred by Justices Ramon Cruz and Renato Francisco, the CA's Special Former Sixth Division granted Taguig's motion to dismiss citing Makati's violation of the forum shopping rule (or pursuing simultaneous remedies in two different courts) and accordingly dismissed the latter's appeal of the earlier decision of the Pasig Regional Trial Court (RTC) which originally ruled in favor of Taguig.
The CA took notice of the Supreme Court's decision on June 15, 2016, which found Makati guilty of "willful and deliberate forum shopping".
"However, the Supreme Court has not spoken. Ineluctably, we must adhere. The issue of whether Makati committed willful and deliberate forum shopping in these cases has been finally laid to rest no less than by the Supreme Court," the CA said in a ruling. With this development, the rightful owner of the former military reservation is Taguig.
In a decision dated December 1, 2021 and handed down on April 7, 2022, by Associate Justice Ricardo Rosario, the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared permanent the 1994 injunction issued by the Pasig City Regional Trial Court which disallowed the Makati City government "from exercising jurisdiction over, making improvements on, or otherwise treating as part of its territory Parcels 3 and 4, Psu 2031, comprising Fort Bonifacio, including the so-called Inner Fort comprising of Barangays Pembo, Comembo, Cembo, South Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo and Pitogo." It was later affirmed in April 2023, when the Supreme Court junked the motion for reconsideration that was filed by Makati to finally side with Taguig.

## Description

Bonifacio Global City is between EDSA and the C-5 Road. Bonifacio High Street 5th and 11th Avenues and 32nd and 26th Streets serve as the boundaries of the city center. There are seven major access points: access from the north and west through Kalayaan Avenue which connects it to the north gate and the Kalayaan Flyover, access from Taguig in the west via EDSA through McKinley Road and to the McKinley Gate; the three main entrances (Upper East Gate, Sampaguita Gate, and Lower East Gate) from C-5 in the east; and from the airport through the Villamor Airbase to the south Gate by Fifth Avenue and Lawton Avenue. BGC and Ortigas Center has been connected by the Bonifacio Global City–Ortigas Link Bridge, with the southern end of the bridge at 8th Avenue.
BGC is home to residential condominiums such as 8 Forbes Town Road, Bellagio, Essensa, Serendra, Pacific Plaza Towers, One McKinley Place, The Luxe Residences, Bonifacio Ridge Twin Towers, and Regent Parkway and corporate office buildings such as Net One and Bonifacio Technology Center. Many Filipino and multinational corporations have acquired properties and have committed to relocate their global, regional or national headquarters in the business district.

## Developments
### Bonifacio High Street

Bonifacio High Street forms the physical core of Bonifacio Global City and is designed as a three-by-three matrix of high-tech offices and residential buildings, retail outlets and pedestrian-friendly roads and walkways. The grid design ensures a city center that is easy to navigate. 5th and 11th Avenues and 32nd and 26th Streets serve as the boundaries of the city center. The Retail Promenade which encompasses 29th Street is characterized by landscaped areas. Its design concept is centered on an east–west central access with business establishments and activity pods. The promenade also offers retail at the ground level and offices at the second floor. The City Square Blocks feature landscaped areas and parks.
At One Bonifacio High Street, the PSE Tower, which houses the unified trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange, and the Shangri-La at the Fort, Manila. Across the 2.35-hectare (5.8-acre) high-end complex, the Ascott Bonifacio Global City Manila is also located within the vicinity.
Track 30th, an urban park, is located on one side of the High Street. Its amenities include a jogging path and several fitness oriented installations that can be used for exercises such as pull ups. The park can be accessed through a nearby bus stop.

### Grand Central Park

Grand Central Park is a 10-hectare (25-acre) New York-inspired mixed-use development located in North Bonifacio Global City. One of the tower in the area is the 65-storey Metrobank Center which houses the Grand Hyatt Manila hotel and is currently one of the tallest skyscrapers in Metro Manila.
Other skyscrapers in the area include luxury residences such as Grand Hyatt Manila Residences, The Seasons Residences which is a Japanese-themed community, and residential towers such as Park West, Park Avenue, Times Square West, Central Park West and Madison Park West. Additionally, Mitsukoshi BGC, which is the flagship store of Japan's oldest surviving department store chain, is also located in the area.

### Forbes Town Center

The Forbes Town Center is Megaworld's 5-hectare (12-acre) township community, where 8 Forbestown Road, Forbeswood Heights, Forbeswood Parklane, and Bellagio condominiums are located. It has a combination of low-density residential development, shopping strip, dining outlets, and other service facilities.

### Uptown Bonifacio

Uptown Bonifacio is a 15-hectare (37-acre) property located in the northern district of Fort Bonifacio. In recent years, Megaworld Corporation launched new residential condominiums in the area, namely Uptown Parksuites, Uptown Ritz, and One Uptown Residence, with Uptown Arts on the way. The mixed-use business and commercial developments in the area cater to midder and upper class markets. The area is near the zone where the British, Japanese, and American international schools, and other local schools are located. Moreover, Megaworld Lifestyle Malls also built Uptown Mall and Uptown Parade in the area; Uptown Place Towers 1 to 3 are also built above the mall.

## Infrastructure, health and education

St. Luke's Medical Center, Inc. operates a hospital at Bonifacio Global City.
BGC has several major educational institutions, mostly located at the University Park district. The University of the Philippines System (through the constituent units of UP Diliman and UP Open University) and De La Salle University are two most prominent universities which offer graduate programs for professionals working in the district. Other educational institutions in the area include the Leaders International Christian School of Manila, Chinese International School Manila, British School Manila, International School Manila, Manila Japanese School, Korean International School Philippines, Everest Academy Manila, STI College Global City, MGC-New Life Christian Academy - Global City, Treston International College, and De La Salle University – Rufino Campus, home to the Tañada-Diokno School of Law.
To prevent flooding, a massive detention tank is located underneath the Burgos Circle to store up to 22,000 cubic meters (780,000 cu ft) of rainwater before transferring it to a tributary of the Pasig River.

## Transport

Bonifacio Transport Corporation maintains bus routes (BGC Bus) serving the business district, as well as jeepneys, mini-buses, city buses, and UV Express, with a terminal located at the Market! Market! shopping mall and Uptown Bonifacio Transport Terminal.
The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board has launched new rationalized bus routes to the business district, from Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange, Pacita Complex in San Pedro, and Balibago in Santa Rosa. All buses, including those to and from out of the metropolis, are stationed at the Market! Market! terminal.
BGC is also indirectly served by the Guadalupe, Buendia, and Ayala stations of the MRT-3, which are connected to the development through jeepney and bus lines. Future direct rail connections to the city include the Bonifacio Global City Station and the Kalayaan Avenue Station under the Metro Manila Subway.
Citylink Coach Services provides a free transport option that takes commuters from Uptown Mall to Venice Grand Canal Mall (in Mckinley Hill), and vice versa.

## Gallery

* Selection of places in Bonifacio Global City
* Central Square
* Skyline of BGC as seen from the amphitheater of Bonifacio High Street
* The BGC Skyline at night
* Philippine Stock Exchange
* Serendra condominiums
* Metrobank Center
* Bonifacio High Street from 7th Avenue