# Erste Group

Erste Group Bank AG (shortened version Erste Group) is an Austrian financial service provider. It is one of the largest financial service providers in Central and Eastern Europe serving more than 16 million clients in over 2,000 branches in seven countries. Erste Group is headquartered in Vienna and operates as a universal bank.
Erste Group is the central entity of the Sparkassengruppe Österreich (Austrian Savings Banks Group) and the Österreichischer Sparkassenverband. It has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank. The main shareholder of Erste Group is the non-profit ERSTE Foundation.
In 1997, Erste Group went public and today the company is listed on the exchanges of Vienna, Prague and Bucharest and included in the indices CEETX, ATX and PX.

## History

The origins of Erste Group are in the founding of the Erste österreichische Spar-Casse in October 1819 in Leopoldstadt, a suburb of Vienna.
The IPO in Vienna in 1997 was conducted under the unified Erste Bank, which also handled subsequent capital increases until 2006. Some of these transactions were the largest of their kind ever executed in Vienna's financial market. The capital raised was used to finance Erste Bank's acquisitions in Central and Eastern Europe.
On 9 August 2008, the former Erste Bank Oesterreich was split up into the newly founded holding company Erste Group Bank AG and the subsidiary Erste Bank der österreichischen Sparkassen AG; the foreign subsidiaries were taken over by the new holding company. From then on, Erste Group included all companies of the group.

## Expansion into Central and Eastern Europe
### Austria

In 1996, Salzburger Sparkasse was incorporated into the banking group. Shortly before the turn of the millennium, Sparkasse Oberösterreich took over all Upper Austrian branches from Erste Bank, whereupon 26% of the shares in the now largest federal state savings bank were gained. In 2000, Erste Bank acquired a 25% stake in the Steiermärkische Sparkasse. In December 2001, 51% of the Tiroler Sparkasse was obtained. In October 2007, shares in Bausparkasse der österreichischen Sparkassen were purchased; in 2021, the remaining shares were acquired.
In 2021, the Erste Bank Group still held 39.19% of the shares in Sparkasse Oberösterreich. By the beginning of 2024, the shares had fallen to 16.84%.
The shareholdings of Salzburger Sparkasse, Sparkasse Oberösterreich and Tiroler Sparkasse are still owned by Erste Bank, not Erste Group.

### Hungary

The first takeover in Hungary was Mezőbank in 1997 (which was privatised by GiroCredit). It was renamed the following year to Erste Bank Hungary Zrt.
In 2003, the Hungarian Postabank was acquired, which merged with Erste Bank Hungary Zrt a year later. In December 2021, Erste Group announced that it will acquire 100% of the shares of the Hungarian Commerzbank Zrt.

### Czech Republic

In 2000, majority stakes were acquired in the Czech Česká spořitelna (52% for EUR 530 million). Further shares were acquired in the following two years, with the result that 98% of the shares in the Czech credit institution were held at the end of 2002 and the total price of the acquisition increased to EUR 1.354 billion. The remaining shares were acquired in October 2018.

### Slovakia

87.18% of the Slovak Slovenská sporiteľňa were acquired by Erste Bank in 2000 for EUR 425 million. In the same year, 20% of these shares were sold back to the Eastern European bank European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), reducing the stake in SLSP to 67.2%. In April of the same year, the remaining 10% was acquired by the Slovakian state government. On January 1, 2005, the remaining 19.99% of SLSP was purchased by the EBRD.

### Croatia

In 2000, three small Croatian banks (Bjelovarska banka d.d., Trgovačka banka d.d. und Čakovečka banka d.d.) were merged to create Erste & Steiermärkische Bank, following their takeovers as of 1997 by Erste Bank and Steiermärkische Bank und Sparkassen AG.
In 2003, the Croatian bank Riječka banka was merged with Erste & Steiermärkische Bank. As of 2022, the Erste & Steiermärkische Bank d.d. is the third-largest bank in Croatia.

### Romania

The acquisition of 61.88% in Banca Comercială Română S.A. (BCR), the largest Romanian bank with 2.8 million customers and 12,000 employees, for EUR 3.751 billion in December 2005 was the largest foreign direct investment ever by an Austrian enterprise. Further shares in the Romanian bank were acquired in 2007 (7.2%) and 2012 (24%), and in June 2018 the stake held by Erste Bank increased from 93.58 % to 99.88 %. Banca Comercială Română has over 7,000 employees.

### Serbia

In July 2005, Erste Bank signed the purchase agreement for the acquisition of 83.28% of the shares in Novosadska banka a.d., Novi Sad, from the Republic of Serbia. At the time of the purchase agreement, the Novosadska banka served 260,000 customers and employed 889 people.
The shares in the Serbian bank were increased from 83.3% to 95.6% in the fall of 2005, and 99.99% of the shares were held as of May 2006. In January 2006, Novosadska banka was renamed Erste banka Novi Sad.

### Ukraine and other countries

In 2007, Erste Bank acquired 100% of Bank Prestige in Ukraine for EUR 79.4 million and renamed it Erste Bank Ukraine. In April 2013, Erste Group sold its Ukrainian subsidiary for around EUR 63 million to the owners of the Ukrainian Fidobank.
Furthermore, Erste Group Bank founded subsidiaries of savings banks and companies in Moldova (1998), Slovenia (1999 and 2006), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2006), North Macedonia (2008) and Montenegro (2009).

## Erste Group structure

Erste Group Bank AG is a public limited company that emerged from Erste Bank in 2008 and has since acted as a holding company for the Group's subsidiary banks in Austria and abroad. The bank is active in seven countries in Central and Eastern Europe, with its private and corporate customer business focusing on the eastern part of the European Union, including Austria.
The headquarters of Erste Group are located in Vienna. In addition, the banking group maintains branches in New York City, Hong Kong, Berlin and Stuttgart, which cover the lending business with foreign banks, leasing companies and sovereign borrowers as well as institutional sales.
Erste Group's shares are traded on the Vienna, Prague and Bucharest stock exchanges and are weighted in the CEETX, ATX and PX indices. As of June 2024, they are the most heavily weighted component of the ATX, which reflects the blue-chip segment on the Vienna Stock Exchange. Erste Group also holds 11.7% of the shares in the Vienna Stock Exchange.
Subsidiary banks of Erste Group in Central and Eastern Europe :
| Bank | Country | Share (today) | Comments |
| Erste Bank der oesterreichischen Sparkassen | Austria | 100.0% | Erste Bank in Austria was placed under the control of Erste Group Bank AG (holding company) |
| Erste Bank Hungary | Hungary | 100.0% | Operates the fifth largest subsidiary network in Hungary; in 1998 it was renamed Erste Bank Hungary, 2003 consolidated with Postabank |
| Česká spořitelna | Czech Republic | 100.0% | Largest private bank in Czech Republic; 2000: 52.07% acquired |
| Slovenská sporiteľňa | Slovakia | 100.0% | 2000: acquisition of 67.2% 2005: call option exercised for additional 19.99% Afterwards, acquisition of 100% |
| Erste & Steiermärkische Bank | Croatia | 69.3% | Merged Erste & Steiermärkischen Bank d.d., third largest bank in Croatia |
| Erste banke Novi Sad | Serbia | 80.5% | Renamed as Erste Bank Novi Sad |
| Banca Comercială Română | Romania | 99.9% | Largest bank in Romania at the time of acquisition |
Other subsidiaries :
| bank / company | share | notes |
| Erste Asset Management | 91.1% | |
| Erste Digital | 82.1% | |
| Erste Group Immorent | 100.0% | |
| Intermarket Bank | 93.8% | Intermarket Bank AG had been part of Erste Bank since 2011; the shares were transferred to Erste Group Bank AG in January 2017 |

### Effects of the financial crisis

In October 2011, Erste Bank said it expected a full year loss of up to EUR 1.1 billion, after writedowns and provisions of EUR 1.6 billion. This would be its first loss since at least 1988. It said the writedowns were due to government intervention in Hungary, where it was forced to take losses on Swiss franc mortgages, and a slower than expected recovery in Romania. In August 2013, Erste Group Bank AG was the first Austrian bank to fully repay the participation capital of EUR 1.76 billion issued in 2009 which consisted of EUR 1.22 billion from the Republic of Austria and EUR 540 million from private investors. From 2009 to 2012, the Republic of Austria received annual dividend payments from Erste Group of EUR 98 million and private investors of EUR 43 million. Including the pro rata dividend for 2013 which paid in June 2014 after the corresponding resolution is passed by the annual shareholders' meeting, the Republic of Austria received EUR 448 million and private investors EUR 198 million in dividends.

## Products
### Online Banking George

In January 2015, Erste introduced its digital banking platform "George" in Austria. George was launched in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic in 2017, in Romania in 2018, in Croatia in 2020 and in Hungary in 2021. According to Erste Group, there were approximately 4 million George users in the first four markets by the end of 2018, more than 5 million in 2021, and about 10 million by the end of 2023.

### Private banking

The Private Banking division serves private clients and offers them fund products. Customers can invest in private market ventures (private equity) with a starting capital of 50,000 EUR.

### Social banking

Erste Group's social banking initiative came into being in 2006 with the founding of Die Zweite Sparkasse, offering people in financial need access to their own bank account and financial advise. In 2009, Erste Group founded a microfinance institution in Romania, which provides loans to rural entrepreneurs. Sinde 2016, social banking has been initiated in all core markets of Erste Group. As of April 2024, EUR 595.6 million in funding have been made available, creating or maintaining 100,000 jobs.

## Projects and initiatives
### Headquarters Erste Campus

In the spring of 2016, 4.500 employees of Erste Group, of Erste Bank Oesterreich and their subsidiaries in Vienna moved to their new headquarters "Erste Campus". Construction had started on 26 June 2012. The headquarters are located on the site of the former Südbahnhof and was the first building complex of "Quartier Belvedere" that was completed. The new district is a mix of company buildings, apartments, parks, cultural spaces, shops and restaurants.

### Other activities

In 2016, the Erste Financial Life Park (called Flip) was opened in Vienna with 1,500 m² of interactive exhibition space. Flip offers training courses on personal financial responsibility and debt prevention.
Erste Group is a partner of the annual European Forum Alpbach.

## Rankings and awards

In a Forbes Magazine ranking of the world's largest stock corporations in 2013, Erste Group Bank came in 672nd place overall and was third among Austrian companies.
* 2014–2023: "Best Bank in Central and Eastern Europe" by Euromoney.
* 2014–2023: "Best Private Bank in Central and Eastern Europe" by the London-based financial magazine The Banker.
* 2019: Award for the 2018 Christmas campaign by the American organization The One Club in the "Animation" category.
* 2022: Subsidiaries in Austria, Slovakia and Romania named "Best Bank" in their respective markets by Euromoney.
* 2021: Listing in the Bloomberg L.P Gender-Equality Index (GEI) as one of 380 companies from 11 sectors and 44 countries worldwide that are particularly gender-equitable.