# List of Classical Age states

Classical Antiquity is a period in the history of the Near East and Mediterranean, extending roughly from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is conventionally taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th to 6th centuries, the period during which Late Antiquity blends into the "Dark Ages" or Early Middle Ages.
The geographic scope of Classical Antiquity may be taken to extend to Central Asia and North India due to the far-reaching influence of Greek culture during the Hellenistic period (late 4th to 2nd centuries BC), but the historiographies of other world regions have their own notion of "classicity" which do not fall within the scope of this list.

## Africa

| State | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Aksumite empire | Aksum | Empire | 100–960 |
| Blemmyes | | Tribal kingdom | 600 BC – 8th century AD |
| Carthaginian Empire | Carthage | Empire | 814–146 BC |
| D'mt | Yeha | Kingdom | 980–400 BC |
| Cyrenaica | Cyrene | Kingdom | 631–525 BC |
| Egypt | Sais, Mendes, Sebennytos | Kingdom | c. 664 BC – c. 332 BC |
| Garamantian | Garama | Tribal confederation/empire | 1000 BC – 700 AD |
| Kush | Kerma; Napata; Meroe | Kingdom | 1077 BC – 350 AD |
| Macedonian Empire | Pella | Empire | 808 BC – 148 BC |
| Mauretania | Julia Caesara | Kingdom/client kingdom | 285 BC – 698 AD |
| Numidia | Cirta | Kingdom | 202–46 BC |
| Persian Empire | Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 550–330 BC |
| Ptolemaic | Alexandria | Kingdom/empire | 305–30 BC |
| Roman Empire | Rome, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC-395 |
| Roman Republic | Rome | Republic | 509–27 BC |
| Somali City-States | Various | City-states | Various |
| Tichitt | | Kingdom | 1400–200 BC |

## Europe

| State | Capital | Type | Existed |
| Achaean League | Various | Confederation of city states | 280–140 BC |
| Acarnanian League | Various | Confederation of city states | 5th century–31 BC |
| Aeolis | Various | City states | 8th–6th century BC |
| Aetolian League | Various | Confederation of city states | 290–189 BC |
| Amphictyonic league | Various | Confederation of Tribes | |
| Antigonid Empire | | Empire | 306–168 BC |
| Arcadia | | Kingdom | 980–743 BC |
| Arcadian League | Various | Confederation of city states | 370 BC |
| Argolis | Argos | Kingdom/republic | 1200–226 BC |
| Athens | | Republican city state/client | 1068–146 BC |
| Boeotian League | Various | Confederation of city states | 395–171 BC |
| Carthaginian Empire | Carthage | Empire | 650–146 BC |
| Chalcidian League | Various | Confederation of city states | 430–348 BC |
| Corinthia | Corinth | City state | 700-338 BC |
| Cyprus city-states | Various | City states | 800-400 BC |
| Dacia | Sarmizegetusa, Regia | Kingdom | 168 BC – 106 AD |
| Dardania | Ulpiana? | Tribal kingdom | 4th century – 168 BC |
| Delian League | Various | League of city states | 478–404 BC |
| Elis | Various | City states | 1200–188 BC |
| Etruria | Veii | Kingdom | 900–264 BC |
| Euboean League | Various | Confederation of city states | 294 BC – 300 AD |
| Hellenic League | Various | Federated states | 338–322 BC |
| Illyria | | | 400–158 BC |
| Ionian League | Various | League of city states | 7th century–505 BC |
| Latin League | Various | Tribal confederation | 793–338 BC |
| Locria | Amphissa, Naupactus | Kingdom | 1250–386 BC |
| Macedonia (ancient kingdom)/Macedonian empire | Pella | Kingdom/empire | 808–168 BC/334–323 BC |
| Magna Graecia | Various | Kingdom city states | 740–89 BC |
| Odrysian kingdom | Seuthopolis | Kingdom | 460 BC- 46 AD |
| Paeonia | | Principality/kingdom/client | 535 BC – 681 AD |
| Peloponnesian League | Athens | Confederation of city states | 550–366 BC |
| Persian Empire | Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549–330 BC |
| Phocis | Delphi | Amphictyony | 690–222 BC |
| Rhodes | Rhodes | City-state | 408–226 BC |
| Kingdom of Rome | Rome | Kingdom | 753–509 BC |
| Roman Empire | Rome, Milan, Ravenna, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC-1453 AD |
| Roman Republic | Rome | Republic | 509–27 BC |
| Sabinum | Bovianum | Tribal kingdom | 760 – 494 BC |
| Samnium | | Tribal confederation | 600 – 82 BC |
| Second Athenian League | Athens | Confederation of city states | 377–385 BC |
| Sparta | Sparta | Kingdom | 950–146 BC |
| Tartessos | Tartessus | Tribal kingdom | 1000–450 BC |
| Thebes | Thebes | City-state | 7th century–335 BC |
| Tylis | Tylis | Kingdom | 278–212 BC |
| Umbria | | Tribal kingdom | 9th century – 3rd century BC |

## Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

| name | capital | state type | existed |
| Albania | Kabalak, Partav | Kingdom/client | 65 BC – 628 AD |
| Bactria | Bactra | Tribal kingdom/client | 2140–550 BC |
| Balhara | Balkh | Tribal kingdom | 12th–7th centuries BC |
| Cimmerian Bosporus | Panticapaeum | Kingdom/client | 480 BC – 370 AD |
| Cimmeria | Not specified | Tribal confederation | 1300–626 BC |
| Colchis | Phasis | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 2nd century AD |
| Dayuan | | Kingdom/client | 329 BC – 280 AD |
| Fergana | Khokand | Tribal confederation/kingdom | 500 BC – 590 AD |
| Greco-Bactria | Bactra, Alexandria on the Oxus | Kingdom | 256–125 BC |
| Iberia | Armazi, Mtskheta, Tbilisi | Kingdom | 302 BC – 508 AD |
| Indo-Greek | Alexandria(Caucasus), Taxila, Sagala | Kingdom | 180 BC – 10 AD |
| Indo-Parthia | Taxila | Kingdom | 12 BC – 98 AD |
| Indo-Scythia | Sigal, Taxila, Mathura | Kingdom | 200 BC – 400 AD |
| Kangju | | Tribal federation | 280 BC – 585 AD |
| Kashgar | Kashgar | Kingdom/client | 80–850 AD |
| Kucha | Kucha | Buddhist kingdom | 46–658 AD |
| Kushan Empire | Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura | Empire | 30–375 AD |
| Khwarezm | Kath, Gurganj | Kingdom | 180 BC – 98 AD |
| Lazica | Phasis | Kingdom/client | 1st century BC – 7th century AD |
| Macedonian Empire | Pella | Empire | 334–323 BC |
| Massagetae | | Tribal kingdom | c. 8th century BCE–c. 3rd century BCE |
| Maurya Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 322–185 BC |
| Parthian Empire | Ctesiphon | Empire | 247 BC – 224 AD |
| Persian Empire | Ecbatana, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549–330 BC |
| Scythia | Neopolis | Tribal kingdom | 690BC-250 BC |
| Seleucid Empire | Seleucia, Antioch | Empire | 312–63 BC |
| Sogdiana | Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, Kesh | Kingdom/client | 750–550 BC |

## East Asia/Southeast Asia

| Name | Capital/s | Type | Existed |
| Âu Lạc | Cổ Loa | Kingdom | 257–207 BC |
| Baekje | Wirye, Ungjin, Sabi | Kingdom | 18 BC – 660 AD |
| Buyeo | Buyeoseong | Kingdom | 189 BC – 494 AD |
| Champa | Indrapura, Vijaya, Panduranga | Kingdom | 192–1832 AD |
| Chengjia | Chengdu | Kingdom | 25–36 AD |
| Chi Tu | | Kingdom | 100 BC – 7th century AD |
| Chouchi | Lüeyang | Principality | 184–511 AD |
| Chu | Danyang, JiangYing, JiYing, Shouchun, | Client viscountcy/kingdom | 1030–223 BC |
| Dian | | Kingdom | 300–109 BC |
| Donghu | | Nomadic tribal confederation | 700–150 BC |
| Dong'ou | Dong'ou | Kingdom | 191–111 BC |
| Funan | Vyadhapura,Óc Eo | Kingdom | 60–550 AD |
| Gangga Negara | Gangga Negara | Kingdom | 2nd–11th centuries AD |
| Gaya | Gaya | Confederacy | 42–562 AD |
| Goguryeo | Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang. | Kingdom | 37 BC – 668 AD |
| Gojoseon | Asadal, Wanggeom-seong | Kingdom | 1500–108 BC |
| Han empire | Chang'an, Luoyang, Xuchang | Empire | 206 BC-220 AD |
| Kofun period (Japan) | | | 300–538 |
| Jin | | Tribal federation | 550–108 BC |
| Jolbon | | Tribal kingdom | 1st century – 37 BC |
| Kandis kingdom | | Kingdom | 1st century BC – 13th century AD |
| Langkasuka | Kedah, Pattani | Kingdom | 100–1516 AD |
| Mahan | Cheonan | Confederacy | 98 BC – 250 AD |
| Minyue | Ye | Kingdom | 334–111 AD |
| Na | | Kingdom | 1st century – 3rd century AD |
| Nanyue | Panyu | Kingdom | 204–111 BC |
| Pyu | Sri Ksetra | Federated city states | 250 BC – 1085 AD |
| Qi | Linzi | Client dukedom | 1046–221 BC |
| Qin | Qin, Quanqiu, Qian, Pingyang | Client marquisate/dukedom | 858–221 BC |
| Qin empire | Xianyang | Empire | 221–206 BC |
| Samaskuta kingdom | | Kingdom | ?–5th century AD |
| Siljik | | Kingdom | 102 – 6th century AD |
| Silla | Gyeongju | Kingdom | 55 BC – 935 AD |
| Sumpa | | Tribal chiefdom/client | 1600 BC – 7th century AD |
| Thaton | Thaton | Kingdom | 300 BC – 1085 AD |
| Wei | Anyi, Daliang | Marquisate/kingdom | 403–225 BC |
| Văn Lang | Anyang | Confederation/kingdoms | 1430–258 BC |
| Xianbei | | Nomadic (empire) | 93–234 AD |
| Xiongnu | | Tribal confederation (empire) | 209–155 BC |
| Yamatai | | Kingdom | 1st century – 3rd century AD |
| Yan | Ji | Principality | 1046–222 BC |
| Zhangzhung | Kyunglung | Kingdom | 500 BC – 625 AD |
| Zhou | Haojing, Luoyi | Kingdom | 1046–256 BC |

## South Asia

| Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
| Abhira dynasty | Dvaraka | Kingdom | 200–315/370 AD |
| Anuradhapura | Anuradhapura | Kingdom | 377 BC – 1017 AD |
| Anga | Champa or Campā | Kingdom | 1380–550 BC |
| Arjunayanas | | Republic | 2nd century BC – 6th century AD |
| Ay | Aykudi | Kingdom | 4th century BC – 12th century AD |
| Chola | Urayur/Kaveripattinam | Kingdom | 2645–110 BC |
| Chutu dynasty | Banavasi | Kingdom | 1st century BC – 3rd century AD |
| Gangaridai | Ganges | Kingdom | 450–200 BC |
| Haryanka | Rajagriha, later Pataliputra | Kingdom | 684–413 BC |
| Indo-Greek | Alexandria in the Caucasus, Taxila, Sagala | Kingdom | 180 BC – 10 AD |
| Indo-Parthia | Taxila | Kingdom | 12 BC – 98 AD |
| Indo-Scythia | Sigal, Taxila, Mathura | Kingdom | 200 BC – 400 AD |
| Kalabhra dynasty | Various | Kingdom | 1376–285 BC |
| Kalinga republic | Dantapura/Rajapura | Republic | 3rd–6th century AD |
| Kamboja | Rajapura | Kingdom | 1450–195 BC |
| Kasmira | Asirgarh Qila | Kingdom | 1250–322 BC |
| Kimpurusha | | Kingdom | 1000–325 BC |
| Kosala | Shravasti | Kingdom | 1000–266 BC |
| Kuninda | Shravasti | Kingdom | 500 BC – 300 AD |
| Kushan Empire | Bagram, Peshawar, Taxila, Mathura | Empire | 30–375 AD |
| Maya Rata | Panduwasnuwara | Kingdom | 504 BC – 1153 AD |
| Mahameghavahana dynasty | | Kingdom | 1st century BC – 4th century AD |
| Magadha | Rajagriha/Rajgir /Pataliputra | Kingdom | 799–323 BC |
| Malla | Kusinārā, Pāvā | Republic | c. 7th century–c. 4th century BCE |
| Mitra dynasty | Mathura | Kingdom | 150–50 BC |
| Maurya Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 322–185 BC |
| Mushika | Ezhimalai | Kingdom | 3rd century BC – 4th century AD |
| Nagas of Padmavati | Padmavati | Kingdom | 3rd–4th century AD |
| Nanda Empire | Pataliputra | Empire | 345–322 BC |
| Panchala | Ahichatra, Kampilya | Kingdom/republic | 700–323 BC |
| Pandya | Madurai | Kingdom | 600 BC – 1618 AD |
| Pallava Empire | Kanchi | Empire | 275–897 AD |
| Pauravas | | Kingdom | 350–150 BC |
| Pundra | Pundravardhana | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 550 AD |
| Ruhuna | Magama | Principality | 200 BC – 450 AD |
| Samatata | Samatata | Kingdom | 232 BC – 7th c AD |
| Satavahana Empire | Amaravati | Empire | 230 BC – 230 AD |
| Seleucid Empire | Seleucia, Antioch | Empire | 312–63 BC |
| Shakya | Kapilavatthu | Monarchical Republic | 800–320 BC |
| Shunga empire | Vidisha | Empire | 187–73 BC |
| Sindhu | Vrsadarbhpura | Kingdom | 800–320 BC |
| Suhma | not specified | Kingdom | c. 8th century – 4th century BC |
| Surasena | Methora | Kingdom | 1000–323 BC |
| Tambapanni | Tambapanni | Kingdom | 543–505 BC |
| Trigarta | Prasthala | Kingdom | 1150–322 BC |
| Vanga | Gange | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 580 AD |
| Vatsa | Kauśāmbī | Kingdom | 1100–323 BC |
| Vajjika League | Vaishali | Confederacy | c. 7th century BCE - c. 468 BCE |
| Yaudheya | Rohtak | Republic | 5th century BC – 4th century AD |

## West Asia

| name | capital | state type | existed |
| Adiabene | Arbela | Kingdom/client | 15–310 AD |
| Antigonid Empire | | Empire | 306–168 BC |
| Araba | Hatra | Kingdom | 3rd century BC – 300AD |
| Armenia | Van | Kingdom | 553 BC – 428AD |
| Armenia Minor | | Kingdom | 331–72 BC |
| Atropatene | Ganzak | Kingdom/client | 320 BC – 226AD |
| Awsan | Ḥajar Yaḥirr | Kingdom | 8th–7th century BC |
| Bithynia | Nicomedia, Nicaea | Kingdom/client | 297–74 BC |
| Cappadocia | Mazaca | Kingdom/client | 332–130 BC |
| Chaldea | Bit Yakin | Kingdom | 1100–539 BC |
| Characene | Charax Spasinou | Kingdom | 127 BC – 222 AD |
| Cilicia | Tarsus | Kingdom | 795–546 BC |
| Commagene | Samosata | Kingdom/client | 163 BC – 72 AD |
| Corduene | | Principality/kingdom/client | 800 BC – 653 AD |
| Doris | Doris | Kingdom | 1200–580 BC |
| Edom | Rabbath Ammon | Kingdom | 1200–125 BC |
| Elamite empire | Susa | Empire | 1210–535 BC |
| Elymais | Susa | Kingdom/client | 147 BC −224 AD |
| Galatia | Ancyra | Empire | 280–64 BC |
| Gardman | Parisos | Principality/kingdom/client | 66–428 AD |
| Gerrha | Gerrha | Kingdom | 650 BC – 300 AD |
| Greco-Bactria | Bactra, Alexandria (Oxus) | Kingdom | 256–125 BC |
| Hadhramaut | | Kingdom | 700 BC – 320 AD |
| Haram | Haram | Kingdom city state | 600 – 175 BC |
| Hasmonean dynasty | Jerusalem | Kingdom/client kingdom | 140–37 BC |
| Heraclea Pontica | Heraclea Pontica | Oligarchic republic | 365–284 BC |
| Himyarite Kingdom | Zafar, later Sana'a | Kingdom | 110 BC – 525 AD |
| Judah | Jerusalem | Kingdom | 9th century BC – 586 BC |
| Kinda | Qaryat Dhāt Kāhil | Tribal kingdom | 2nd century BC – 525 AD |
| Lihyan | Dedan | Kingdom | 6th–3rd century BC |
| Lycaonia | Iconium | Kingdom | 340–200 BC |
| Lycia | Xanthos, Patara | Kingdom | 1183–546 BC |
| Lydian Empire | Sardis | Empire | 680–546 BC |
| Macedonian Empire | Pella | Empire | 334–323 BC |
| Magan | | Kingdom | 2200–550 BC |
| Ma'in | ?/ Yathill | Kingdom | 580–85 BC |
| Median Empire | Ecbatana | Empire | 678–549 BC |
| Mysia | Pergamon | Kingdom | 1320–301 BC |
| Nabataea | Petra | Kingdom | 168 BC – 106 AD |
| Neo-Babylonian Empire | Babylon | Empire | 626–539 BC |
| Osroene | Edessa | Kingdom/client | 134 BC – 244 AD |
| Paphlagonia | Gangra | Kingdom | 1480–183 BC |
| Pamphylia | Perga | Kingdom | 398–190 BC |
| Parsua | | Tribal chiefdom/kingdom | 860–600 BC |
| Parthian empire | Ctesiphon | Empire | 247 BC – 224 AD |
| Pergamon | Pegamon | Kingdom | 282–133 BC |
| Persian empire | Pasargadae, Persepolis, Susa | Empire | 549–330 BC |
| Pontic empire | Amaseia, Sinope | Empire | 250 BC – 68 AD |
| Pontus | Amaseia, Sinope | Kingdom | 281–250 BC |
| Qataban | Timna | Kingdom | 6th century BC – 2nd century AD |
| Ptolemaic | Alexandria | Kingdom/empire | 305–30 BC |
| Roman Empire | Rome, Constantinople | Empire | 27 BC – 1453 AD |
| Roman Republic | Rome | Republic | 509–27 BC |
| Saba' | Sirwah, Ma'rib | Kingdom | 12th/8th century BC – 275 AD |
| Seleucid empire | Seleucia, Antioch | Empire | 312–63 BC |
| Sophene | Karkathiokerta | Kingdom | 298–94 BC |
| Zabdicene | | Principality/client | 780 BC – 5th century AD |
| Zikirti | | Kingdom | 750–521 BC |

## Americas

| State | Capital/s | Type | Existed |
| Maya | Various | Kingdom city states | 2000 BC – 900 AD |
| Mixtec civilization | | | 1500 BC – 1523 AD |
| Teotihuacan Empire | Teotihuacan | Empire | 100 BC–8th century AD |
| Xochitecatl | Xochitecatl | Kingdom | 800 BC – 150 AD |