# Boone County, Arkansas

Boone County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas, along the Missouri border. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,373. The county seat is Harrison. It is Arkansas's 62nd county, formed on April 9, 1869.
Boone County is part of the Harrison, Arkansas, Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Boone County was formed from the eastern portion of Carroll County. Contrary to popular belief, it was not named for frontiersman Daniel Boone. It was originally called Boon, since the residents believed it would be a "boon" to all who settled there. The county's first newspaper, begun in 1870, was the Boon County Advocate. However, when Governor Powell Clayton signed the act, creating the county 1869 it was titled An Act to Organize and Establish the County of Boone and for Other Purposes. So for whatever reason an "'e'" was added.

### White supremacy

In 1905 and 1909, race riots were conducted to drive African-Americans out of the area. Boone County was marketed as an all-white sundown county into the 1920s. Boone County serves as the national headquarters of the white supremacy organization Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, lead by Zinc resident Thomas Robb, who pastors a nearby Christian church. In 2017, Boone County Judge Robert Hathaway signed proclamations recognizing June as Confederate Heritage and History Month, and issued a similar proclamation for April 2019.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 602 square miles (1,560 km$^2$), of which 590 sq mi (1,500 km$^2$) is land and 12 sq mi (31 km$^2$) (1.9%) is water. The county is located in the northwest portion of the state, and borders Missouri to the north.
The county lies entirely within the Ozark Mountains. Rolling hills of the Springfield and Salem Plateaus characterize the majority of the topography, with the more rugged Boston Mountains lying just to the south. Isolated peaks of the Boston Mountain range are found in the south, including Boat Mountain, Pilot's Knob, and Gaither Mountain. Portions of Bull Shoals Lake and Table Rock Lake lie in the northeast and northwest corners, respectively.

### Major highways

* US 62
* US 412
* U.S. Route 65
* U.S. Route 65B
* Highway 7
* Highway 14
* Highway 43
* Highway 123
* Highway 206
* Highway 281
* Highway 392
* Highway 396
* Highway 397
* Highway 980

### Adjacent counties

* Taney County, Missouri (north)
* Marion County (east)
* Searcy County (southeast)
* Newton County (south)
* Carroll County (west)

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Boone County racial composition :
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 33,753 | 90.31% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 96 | 0.26% |
| Native American | 265 | 0.71% |
| Asian | 233 | 0.62% |
| Pacific Islander | 82 | 0.22% |
| Other/Mixed | 2,026 | 5.42% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 973 | 2.6% |
As of the 2020 census , there were 37,373 people, 15,034 households, and 10,455 families residing in the county. The population density was 62 inhabitants per square mile (24/km$^2$). There were 17,368 housing units at an average density of 29 per square mile (11/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 91.32% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.69% from other races, and 6.23% from two or more races. 2.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 15,455 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 26.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present, 17.7% had a male household with no spouse or partner present, and 5.4% were cohabitating couples. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% were 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 2.42.
Of all individuals living in the county, 22.2% under the age of 18 and 21.7% were age 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.02 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.02 males.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 33,948 people, 13,851 households, and 9,861 families residing in the county. The population density was 57 inhabitants per square mile (22/km$^2$). There were 15,426 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile (10/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 97.60% White, 0.11% Black or African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. 1.06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 13,851 households, out of which 30.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.50% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 25.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.90% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 26.50% from 25 to 44, 24.70% from 45 to 64, and 16.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $29,988, and the median income for a family was $34,974. Males had a median income of $27,114 versus $19,229 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,175. About 10.70% of families and 14.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.00% of those under age 18 and 12.90% of those age 65 or over.

## Education
### Public school districts

School districts include:
* Alpena
* Bergman
* Harrison
* Lead Hill
* Omaha
* Valley Springs

### Higher education

* North Arkansas College

## Government

As with all county-level governments in Arkansas, Boone County's eleven-member quorum court forms the legislative branch and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives, called justices of the peace, are elected from single-member districts in every even-numbered year. District boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief operating officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions. Other elected officers of the county government executive branch include the Treasurer, Collector, County Clerk, Circuit Clerk, Assessor, Sheriff, and Coroner.
In state government, Boone County is represented by three members in the Arkansas House of Representatives and two in the Arkansas Senate. Arkansas House Districts 83, 98, and 99 cover parts of Boone County, as well as Arkansas Senate Districts 16 and 17.
At the federal level, Boone County is part of Arkansas's third US congressional district, currently represented by Steve Womack.
Over the past few election cycles, Boone County has trended heavily towards the GOP. The last Democrat (as of 2024) to carry this county was then-Governor Bill Clinton in 1992, by only a 34-vote plurality.
United States presidential election results for Boone County, Arkansas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 13,968 | 81.63% | 2,854 | 16.68% | 290 | 1.69% |
| 2020 | 13,652 | 79.77% | 3,064 | 17.90% | 398 | 2.33% |
| 2016 | 12,235 | 75.94% | 2,926 | 18.16% | 950 | 5.90% |
| 2012 | 11,159 | 72.50% | 3,772 | 24.51% | 460 | 2.99% |
| 2008 | 10,575 | 68.34% | 4,435 | 28.66% | 464 | 3.00% |
| 2004 | 9,793 | 66.27% | 4,640 | 31.40% | 344 | 2.33% |
| 2000 | 8,569 | 62.85% | 4,493 | 32.95% | 573 | 4.20% |
| 1996 | 6,093 | 45.94% | 5,745 | 43.32% | 1,424 | 10.74% |
| 1992 | 6,094 | 42.21% | 6,128 | 42.45% | 2,215 | 15.34% |
| 1988 | 7,567 | 64.04% | 3,998 | 33.84% | 251 | 2.12% |
| 1984 | 7,961 | 68.83% | 3,356 | 29.01% | 250 | 2.16% |
| 1980 | 6,778 | 56.07% | 4,576 | 37.86% | 734 | 6.07% |
| 1976 | 3,959 | 42.36% | 5,388 | 57.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 5,484 | 74.49% | 1,862 | 25.29% | 16 | 0.22% |
| 1968 | 3,349 | 45.10% | 1,907 | 25.68% | 2,169 | 29.21% |
| 1964 | 2,857 | 42.99% | 3,770 | 56.73% | 19 | 0.29% |
| 1960 | 3,388 | 54.36% | 2,774 | 44.51% | 71 | 1.14% |
| 1956 | 3,153 | 52.50% | 2,829 | 47.10% | 24 | 0.40% |
| 1952 | 3,361 | 54.61% | 2,786 | 45.26% | 8 | 0.13% |
| 1948 | 1,499 | 30.01% | 3,190 | 63.86% | 306 | 6.13% |
| 1944 | 1,349 | 38.75% | 2,132 | 61.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 786 | 27.40% | 2,054 | 71.59% | 29 | 1.01% |
| 1936 | 1,052 | 30.51% | 2,386 | 69.20% | 10 | 0.29% |
| 1932 | 697 | 20.59% | 2,644 | 78.11% | 44 | 1.30% |
| 1928 | 1,543 | 47.27% | 1,708 | 52.33% | 13 | 0.40% |
| 1924 | 937 | 37.49% | 1,350 | 54.02% | 212 | 8.48% |
| 1920 | 647 | 35.61% | 1,106 | 60.87% | 64 | 3.52% |
| 1916 | 598 | 29.74% | 1,413 | 70.26% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1912 | 280 | 17.45% | 965 | 60.12% | 360 | 22.43% |
| 1908 | 681 | 35.71% | 1,149 | 60.25% | 77 | 4.04% |
| 1904 | 618 | 38.48% | 910 | 56.66% | 78 | 4.86% |
| 1900 | 641 | 32.21% | 1,338 | 67.24% | 11 | 0.55% |
| 1896 | 573 | 24.68% | 1,730 | 74.50% | 19 | 0.82% |

## Communities
### Cities

* Diamond City
* Harrison (county seat)

### Towns

* Alpena (portions are also in Carroll County)
* Bellefonte
* Bergman
* Everton
* Lead Hill
* Omaha
* South Lead Hill
* Valley Springs
* Zinc

### Unincorporated communities

* Batavia
* Bear Creek Springs
* Capps
* Hopewell
* Little Arkansaw
* Self

### Historic communities

* Elixir was a town in the vicinity of many springs. It was nearby present day Bergman. Heavy rains flooded the town in 1883, which was a major factor in its decline by 1892. In the 1880s, both Lead Hill and Elixir were expecting a railroad but none materialized. This also helped the town's decline. Although the town is gone, the township of Elixir remains and currently contains Bergman.
* Keener was a town around one mile south of present-day Bergman. Keener was strong in the 1880s and had a population of about 1,000 people. But, Keener began to decline fast by 1892.

### Townships

Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Boone County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township.
Former townships include Bear Creek, Crooked Creek, Elmwood, Harrison, Washington, and Young.
| Township | FIPS code | ANSI code (GNIS ID) | Population center(s) | Pop. (2010) | Pop. density (/mi$^2$) | Pop. density (/km$^2$) | Land area (mi$^2$) | Land area (km$^2$) | Water area (mi$^2$) | Water area (km$^2$) | Geographic coordinates |
| Batavia | 05-90144 | 00069604 | | 911 | 85.48 | 33 | 10.658 | 27.60 | 0.027 | 0.06993 | 36°15′39″N 93°14′07″W﻿ / ﻿36.260817°N 93.235402°W﻿ / 36.260817; -93.235402 |
| Bellefonte | 05-90219 | 00069605 | Bellefonte, Harrison | 2380 | 93.94 | 36.27 | 25.334 | 65.61 | 0.047 | 0.1217 | 36°12′09″N 93°01′57″W﻿ / ﻿36.202472°N 93.032619°W﻿ / 36.202472; -93.032619 |
| Blythe | 05-90375 | 00069606 | | 245 | 20.76 | 8.01 | 11.803 | 30.57 | 0.054 | 0.1399 | 36°13′00″N 92°56′33″W﻿ / ﻿36.216733°N 92.942489°W﻿ / 36.216733; -92.942489 |
| Bryan | 05-90507 | 00069607 | Harrison | 1018 | 57.03 | 22.02 | 17.621 | 45.64 | 0.018 | 0.04662 | 36°12′21″N 93°12′17″W﻿ / ﻿36.205811°N 93.204652°W﻿ / 36.205811; -93.204652 |
| Carrollton | 05-90678 | 00069608 | Alpena | 843 | 32.5 | 12.55 | 25.935 | 67.17 | 0.214 | 0.5543 | 36°18′01″N 93°16′23″W﻿ / ﻿36.300254°N 93.273003°W﻿ / 36.300254; -93.273003 |
| Elixir | 05-91224 | 00069609 | Bergman | 2802 | 53.88 | 20.80 | 52.002 | 134.7 | 0.051 | 0.1321 | 36°19′06″N 93°00′29″W﻿ / ﻿36.318389°N 93.008130°W﻿ / 36.318389; -93.008130 |
| Ewing | 05-91260 | 00069610 | | 458 | 37.55 | 14.50 | 12.196 | 31.59 | 0.006 | 0.01554 | 36°08′15″N 93°03′12″W﻿ / ﻿36.137467°N 93.053462°W﻿ / 36.137467; -93.053462 |
| Gaither | 05-91404 | 00069611 | | 676 | 32.20 | 12.43 | 20.991 | 54.37 | 0.014 | 0.03626 | 36°08′53″N 93°09′28″W﻿ / ﻿36.147993°N 93.157690°W﻿ / 36.147993; -93.157690 |
| Jackson | 05-91848 | 00069612 | Harrison | 1340 | 61.64 | 23.80 | 21.739 | 56.30 | 0.006 | 0.01554 | 36°18′19″N 93°11′24″W﻿ / ﻿36.305402°N 93.190094°W﻿ / 36.305402; -93.190094 |
| Jefferson | 05-91914 | 00069613 | Valley Springs | 1202 | 77.16 | 29.79 | 15.579 | 40.35 | 0.002 | 0.005180 | 36°08′36″N 92°58′11″W﻿ / ﻿36.143199°N 92.969805°W﻿ / 36.143199; -92.969805 |
| Lee | 05-92133 | 00069614 | | 1867 | 40.73 | 15.73 | 45.837 | 118.7 | 0.004 | 0.01036 | 36°19′36″N 93°06′21″W﻿ / ﻿36.326795°N 93.105766°W﻿ / 36.326795; -93.105766 |
| Long Creek | 05-92268 | 00069615 | | 902 | 22.75 | 8.78 | 39.655 | 102.7 | 0.071 | 0.1839 | 36°22′46″N 93°12′51″W﻿ / ﻿36.379488°N 93.214209°W﻿ / 36.379488; -93.214209 |
| North Harrison | 05-92715 | 00069616 | Harrison | 8057 | 475.82 | 183.70 | 16.933 | 43.86 | 0.055 | 0.1424 | 36°15′01″N 93°06′08″W﻿ / ﻿36.250321°N 93.102318°W﻿ / 36.250321; -93.102318 |
| Olvey | 05-92757 | 00069617 | | 440 | 37.27 | 14.39 | 11.807 | 30.58 | 0.013 | 0.03367 | 36°11′55″N 92°57′36″W﻿ / ﻿36.198738°N 92.959986°W﻿ / 36.198738; -92.959986 |
| Omaha | 05-92760 | 00069618 | Omaha | 2267 | 29.07 | 11.22 | 77.985 | 202.0 | 1.001 | 2.593 | 36°27′48″N 93°10′24″W﻿ / ﻿36.463258°N 93.173287°W﻿ / 36.463258; -93.173287 |
| Prairie | 05-92979 | 00069619 | Everton | 444 | 27.36 | 10.54 | 16.266 | 42.13 | 0.006 | 0.01554 | 36°09′19″N 92°54′55″W﻿ / ﻿36.155294°N 92.915207°W﻿ / 36.155294; -92.915207 |
| South Harrison | 05-93435 | 00069620 | Harrison | 7590 | 280.06 | 108.14 | 27.101 | 70.19 | 0.074 | 0.1917 | 36°11′26″N 93°08′04″W﻿ / ﻿36.190474°N 93.134539°W﻿ / 36.190474; -93.134539 |
| Sugar Loaf | 05-93522 | 00069621 | Diamond City, Lead Hill, South Lead Hill | 2320 | 27.61 | 10.66 | 84.026 | 217.6 | 9.806 | 25.40 | 36°24′53″N 92°58′03″W﻿ / ﻿36.414687°N 92.967603°W﻿ / 36.414687; -92.967603 |
| Summit | 05-93552 | 00069622 | | 556 | 17.27 | 6.59 | 32.201 | 83.40 | 0.076 | 0.1968 | 36°10′12″N 93°15′03″W﻿ / ﻿36.170125°N 93.250788°W﻿ / 36.170125; -93.250788 |
| Zinc | 05-94134 | 00069623 | Zinc | 585 | 23.82 | 9.20 | 24.563 | 63.62 | 0.055 | 0.1424 | 36°16′19″N 92°55′22″W﻿ / ﻿36.272049°N 92.922813°W﻿ / 36.272049; -92.922813 |
| Source: U.S. Census Bureau |||||||||||

## Chronic wasting disease

Chronic wasting disease has been found in Boone County as well as Benton, Carroll, Johnson, Madison, Marion, Newton, Pope, Searcy, Sebastian, Scott, and Washington counties.