OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Null device

In some operating systems, the null device is a device file that discards all data written to it but reports that the write operation succeeded. This device is called /dev/null on Unix and Unix-like systems, NUL: (see TOPS-20) or NUL on CP/M and DOS (internally \DEV\NUL), nul on OS/2 and newer Windows systems (internally \Device\Null on Windows NT), NIL: on Amiga operating systems, and NL: on OpenVMS. In Windows Powershell, the equivalent is $null. It provides no data to any process that reads from it, yielding EOF immediately. In IBM operating systems DOS/360 and successors and also in OS/360 and successors such files would be assigned in JCL to DD DUMMY.
In programmer jargon, especially Unix jargon, it may also be called the bit bucket or black hole.

## History

/dev/null is described as an empty regular file in Version 4 Unix.
The Version 5 Unix manual describes a /dev/null device with modern semantics.

## Usage

The null device is typically used for disposing of unwanted output streams of a process, or as a convenient empty file for input streams. This is usually done by redirection. For example, tar -c -f /dev/null "example directory" can be used to dry-run the TAR file archiving utility to see if any errors would occur but without writing any file.
The /dev/null device is a special file, not a directory, so one cannot move a whole file or directory into it with the Unix mv command.

## References in computer culture

This entity is a common inspiration for technical jargon expressions and metaphors by Unix programmers, e.g. "please send complaints to /dev/null", "my mail got archived in /dev/null", and "redirect to /dev/null"—being jocular ways of saying, respectively: "don't bother sending complaints", "my mail was deleted", and "go away". The iPhone Dev Team commonly uses the phrase "send donations to /dev/null", meaning they do not accept donations. The fictitious person name "Dave (or Devin) Null" is sometimes similarly used (e.g., "send complaints to Dave Null"). In 1996, Dev Null was an animated virtual reality character created by Leo Laporte for MSNBC's computer and technology TV series The Site. Dev/null is also the name of a vampire hacker in the computer game Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption. A 2002 advertisement for the Titanium PowerBook G4 reads "Sends other UNIX boxes to /dev/null."
The null device is also a favorite subject of technical jokes, such as warning users that the system's /dev/null is already 98% full. The 1995 April Fool's issue of the German magazine c't reported on an enhanced /dev/null chip that would efficiently dispose of the incoming data by converting it to a flicker on an internal glowing LED.
Dev/Null is also the name of an electronic dance music producer and jungle DJ.
# Blowdown (TV series)

Blowdown is an internationally broadcast documentary television series that follows a team of explosive demolition experts as they prepare and implode iconic, complex and challenging structures around the world.
The series airs on National Geographic Channel International, History Television in Canada, DMAX in Germany and Five in the United Kingdom, and is produced by Parallax Film Productions Inc..
The hour-long shows focus on the dangers, challenges, and inside strategies of this type of demolition by documenting the work of a specialized explosives team: Controlled Demolition Incorporated of Phoenix, Maryland, USA.
Using a combination of exclusive footage, high-concept visual effects and process-driven computer models, Blowdown explains the complex science behind CDI’s mission.
The series highlights obstacles the team encounters as they rely on experience and intuition to reverse engineer structures designed to be indestructible.

## Episodes
### Season One 2008

Season One episodes include the explosive demolition of:
* Four cooling towers at an active nuclear power plant;
* A rocket launch tower at Cape Canaveral;
* A landmark Las Vegas casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip; and
* A resort complex on Miami’s dense coastline

### Season Two 2011

Season Two episodes include the explosive demolition of:
* A massive sports stadium in Indianapolis;
* A former spy ship, the Hoyt S. Vandenberg;
* A brand-new hurricane-resistant tower on South Padre Island; and
* A 100,000-seater sports venue, the Fonte Nova Stadium in Brazil, shot in 3D
# Patrick Gabriel

Patrick Gabriel (born 18 November 1962) is a French football manager and former midfielder.
# Gręzówka-Kolonia

Gręzówka-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łuków, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Łuków and 85 km (53 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
# German frigate Hessen

Hessen is a Sachsen-class frigate of the German Navy.

## Construction and commissioning

Built by Nordseewerke, Emden, Hessen was the third and final ship of the Sachsen class to be launched and then commissioned into the German Navy. She is based at Wilhelmshaven with the other ships of the Sachsen class as part of 2. Fregattengeschwader, which itself forms part of the Einsatzflottille 2.

## Service

Shortly after her commissioning in 2006, Hessen was deployed with other ships of the German Navy to guard the Mecklenburg coastline during the 33rd G8 summit in 2007, which was being held in the region. In 2008 she was part of the Maritime Task Force deployed in support of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon. In late 2009 Hessen was involved in a Composite Training Unit Exercise off the east coast of the US, in company with the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower. In March the following year she was part of the USS Harry S. Truman combat group. In June the Hessen transited the Suez Canal with the US force and deployed with the US Fifth Fleet.
From January to June 2013 Hessen was part of Standing NATO Maritime Group 1, as the flagship of Flotilla Admiral Georg von Maltzan. She also participated in Operation Active Endeavour during this period. From December 2013 to April 2014, Hessen was deployed with EUNAVFOR in Operation Atalanta, tackling piracy off the coast of Somalia. From May to June 2015, Hessen deployed in the Mediterranean alongside the replenishment ship Berlin. Together the two vessels saved several hundred migrants from shipwrecks and other incidents.
In 2017 Hessen was responsible for securing the airspace at the G20 summit in Hamburg. On 28 January 2018 Hessen arrived at Naval Station Norfolk. She and the Norwegian frigate HNoMS Roald Amundsen took part in Composite Training Unit Exercises with the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman, after which Hessen accompanied the combat group on the first half of its deployment to the Mediterranean. In October 2022, Hessen was assigned to the Carrier Strike Group of the aircraft carrier USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) for the carrier's maiden deployment. In 2023, "Hessen" took part in the UK NATO exercise "Joint Warrior 23-2", which started from King George V dock, Glasgow.
In February 2024, the frigate departed from the port of Wilhelmshaven for the Red Sea with about 240 people on board in order to assist the EU mission Aspides, which aims to protect shipping from Houthi attacks. During the mission it succeeded in shooting down two unmanned aerial vehicles, one with her 76mm cannon and another with her CIWS system. while also failing to shoot down an American MQ-9 Reaper drone in a friendly fire incident, expending two SM-2 missiles in the process. The frigate's Sea Lynx helicopter sank a surface drone on 21 March 2024, presumably with its 12.7 mm heavy machine gun. Hessen's weapons destroyed "an incoming missile" while escorting a merchant vessel on 6 April.
# Chiba Zoological Park

The Chiba Zoological Park is located in Chiba Prefecture, east of Tokyo, Japan, and near the shore of Tokyo Bay. The park can be accessed by the Chiba Monorail and is open between 9:30am and 4:30pm.

## Overview

The Chiba Zoological Park opened its doors for the first time in April 1985, and now includes seven different areas.

### Zoological Hall

Easy to access from the main gate, usually the first one to be visited by tourists. This area hosts the pavillon houses where the information desk is located. The Zoological Hall focuses on various species from the tropical rainforest such as nocturnal animals, marmosets, tropical birds and the most famous one of the area: the two-toed sloth.

### The small animals zone

Home of the zoo mascot, Futa the red panda. He became a TV celebrity in 2005. This area also hosts other red pandas called Chichi, Meimei, Meita, Kuta, Mai, Mii, and Genta.

### Steppe Zone

This has big herbivores on display, such as elephants, giraffes, and zebras, but also has South African cranes, ostriches and meerkats.

### Children's Zoo

This area was designed to stimulate a visitor's interest in wildlife by getting in direct contact with animals such as goat and sheep. This area also hosts horses, capybara, and penguins from Peru and Chile. In this area an explanation of the zookeeper routine also allows the visitors to get a good understanding of what it takes to take care of the animals in the Park.

### Monkey Zone

As indicated by the name, this area is essentially focused on primates such as lemurs and mandrills, as well as several other species.

### Ancestors of Domestic Animals Zone

In this area, animals such as bisons are hosted and depending on the seasons there can be different ones present (such as reindeers during Christmas time).

### Avian an Aquatic Zone

The Sea lions are the main attraction of this area, but other interesting species such as the Shoe-billed Stork are present and attracting a lot of visitors.
# Aubrey Burton-Durham

Aubrey Burton-Durham (21 August 1906 – 5 October 1959) was a South African sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres contest at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# List of animated television series of 1976

A list of animated television series first aired in 1976.
# Silencing the Past

Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History is a 1995 history book by Haitian historian Michel-Rolph Trouillot. The twentieth-anniversary edition features a foreword by Hazel V. Carby on the impact of Trouillot's work on postcolonial studies. Trouillot was an Anthropology and Social Sciences professor at the University of Chicago.

## Synopsis

Silencing the Past is a meditation on the characteristics of power and how it influences the creation and recording of histories. Spanning examples from The Alamo and Christopher Columbus to the position of the Haitian Revolution in the collective memory of Western society, Trouillot analyzes conventional historical narratives to understand why certain parts of history are remembered when others are not.

### Contents

Trouillot's book features a brief prologue and an epilogue in addition to its five core chapters:
* The Power in the Story
* The Three Faces of Sans Souci
* An Unthinkable History
* Good Day, Columbus
* The Presence in the Past

## Reception

The book was well received upon its release, with Kenneth Maxwell calling it a "beautifully written, superior book." The American Historical Review said the book was "written with clarity, wit, and style throughout," and Eric R. Wolf called it "a beautifully written book" in which Trouillot "interrogates history, to ask how histories are, in fact, produced."
In the twentieth-anniversary edition, the foreword by Hazel V. Carby describes the book's utility as a pedagogical tool, offering an introduction to historical analysis for students. In an article for the Journal of Haitian Studies, Alyssa Goldstein Sepinwall notes that Silencing the Past is regarded as Trouillot's most famous work.
Silencing the Past was used as one of the bases for Raoul Peck's HBO miniseries, Exterminate All the Brutes. The miniseries was released in 2021 to critical acclaim.
# Sam Howard

Sam James Howard (born March 5, 1993) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies and the Pittsburgh Pirates.

## Amateur career

Howard attended Cartersville High School in Cartersville, Georgia. Out of high school, the Chicago Cubs selected Howard in the 48th round of the 2011 MLB draft. He did not sign with Chicago, instead enrolling at Georgia Southern University, where he played college baseball for the Georgia Southern Eagles. In 2013, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League.

## Professional career
### Colorado Rockies

The Colorado Rockies selected Howard in the third round, with the 82nd overall selection, of the 2014 MLB draft. He signed with the Rockies, receiving a $672,100 signing bonus. Howard made his professional debut with the Grand Junction Rockies of the Rookie-level Pioneer League, where he spent all of 2014, posting a 1–3 win–loss record with a 5.40 earned run average (ERA) in 14 games. In 2015, he played for the Asheville Tourists of the Class A South Atlantic League where he went 11–9 with a 3.43 ERA, along with a 1.22 WHIP. Howard began the 2016 season with the Modesto Nuts of the Class A-Advanced California League, and received a midseason promotion to the Hartford Yard Goats of the Class AA Eastern League. In 27 total games between Modesto and Hartford, Howard pitched to a 9–9 record and 3.35 ERA.
Howard was invited by the Rockies to 2017 spring training. He returned to Hartford to begin 2017, and after posting a 2.33 ERA and 0.88 WHIP in 46.1 innings, he was promoted to the Albuquerque Isotopes of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League, where he finished the season, going 4–4 with a 3.89 ERA. The Rockies added him to their 40-man roster after the season.
Howard began the 2018 season with Albuquerque. He made his major league debut on June 10. He threw four innings for the Rockies with a 2.25 ERA. He also had a 5.06 ERA in 21 games started for Albuquerque. The Rockies non-tendered him after the 2018 season. Howard later re-signed to a minor league contract on December 18, 2018. On July 21, 2019, the Rockies selected Howard's contract.

### Pittsburgh Pirates

On October 30, 2019, Howard was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates. Becoming a relief pitcher in 2020, Howard had a 2-0 record and a 3.86 ERA with 27 strikeouts against nine walks in 21 innings pitched. In 2021, he had a 3-4 record and a 5.60 ERA in 45 innings.
Howard began the 2022 season with the Pirates, allowing two runs in two innings pitched before he was optioned to the Indianapolis Indians on May 2. On May 7, Howard was designated for assignment by the Pirates.

### Detroit Tigers

On May 13, 2022, the Detroit Tigers claimed Howard off of waivers and assigned to their Triple-A affiliate, the Toledo Mud Hens. On July 5, Howard was designated for assignment. He cleared waivers and was outrighted to Toledo five days later. Howard elected free agency following the season on November 10.
# Aminov

Aminov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Agha Aminov (1888–1922), Azerbaijani statesman
* Hallok Aminov (1915–1993), Soviet military personnel
* Vladislav Aminov (born 1977), Russian swimmer
# Li Li (poet)

Li Li (Simplified Chinese: 李立, born 1968) is a contemporary Chinese poet, born in Shaoyang County, Hunan Province. His works have been published in prominent literary journals such as Poetry Magazine (诗刊), People's Literature, Star Poetry Journal (星星诗刊), and Flower City (花城) etc.. He has won numerous domestic and international poetry awards, including the Boao International Poetry Award, the Sydney International Poetry Award, and the Yang Wanli Poetry Award.
Li Li has published multiple poetry collections, essays, and reportage literature. He is the editor-in-chief of the annual anthology Selected Chinese Xingyin Poetry and The Chinese Xingyin Poets Library series. Notably, he undertook a self-driven poetic journey along the borders of mainland China, establishing himself as a leading figure in the field of "Xingyin poetry" (行吟诗歌) in China.

## Works
### Poetry collections

* The Tree of Youth
* At the Edge of the World
* Shenzhen Narratives
* Confessions of a Mental Patient, 2024
* The Long Ballad of the Yellow River (《黄河长调》)
* The Spine of Time (《时光背脊线》)

### Essay collections

* The Sound of Nurture—Selected Essays

### Reportage literature

* Soaring Golden Phoenix
# Late Night Tales: Sly & Robbie

Late Night Tales: Sly & Robbie is a DJ mix album, mixed by Sly & Robbie, released as part of the Late Night Tales / Another Late Night series.
The album contains a hidden track located before the first song, accessed on CD players by skipping backwards from the beginning of the first track. It is a four-minute instrumental cover version of Madonna's song "La Isla Bonita" as performed by Sly & Robbie.

## Track listing

* "I L.O.V.E You 2002" - DJ DSL
* "Coming Up For Air" - George Katsiris
* "Woman to Woman" - Shirley Brown
* "Quiet Storm" - Mobb Deep
* "Toby" - The Chi-Lites
* "Nights Over Egypt" - The Jones Girls
* "Love Is The Message" - MFSB
* "I'm In Love" - Evelyn "Champagne" King
* "Manilla" (Headman version) - Seelenluft
* "Reasons to be Cheerful, Part 3" - Ian Dury and the Blockheads
* "I Just Want to Celebrate" - Rare Earth
* "Patches" - Clarence Carter
* "Who Write The Songs" - Jeymes Samuel & Canibus
* "Superfly" - Curtis Mayfield
* "Let's Stay Together - Al Green
* "A Rose Is Still A Rose" - Aretha Franklin
* "The Tracks of My Tears" - Smokey Robinson
* "The White City Part 2" - read by Brian Blessed
# Henry Wroth

Sir Henry Wroth (died 1671), second son of Henry, Sir Robert Wroth's youngest son, acquired some fame as a royalist during the civil wars, was a 'pensioner' of Charles I, and was knighted at Oxford on 15 September 1645. He compounded with the parliament for £60. He was granted land in Ireland and succeeded to Durrants (or Durants), an estate at Enfield in Middlesex, on the death of his uncle John. He was commissioned captain of a troop in the Royal Horse Guards in 1661.
In 1664 Wroth, with a party of horse, escorted Colonel John Hutchinson from the Tower of London on the road to Sandown Castle, Kent. He was a patron of Thomas Fuller, who dedicated his Pisgah Sight (1650) to him. Fuller often visited Wroth at Durrants.
He married Anne (1632–77), daughter of William, Lord Maynard of Wicklow. He died on 22 September 1671. His second daughter Jane married William Nassau de Zuylestein, 1st Earl of Rochford in 1681 .
# Moisés Hurtado

Moisés Hurtado Pérez (born 20 February 1981) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
He was noted for his physical approach, which led to many bookings, and spent most of his career at Espanyol, with which he played the 2007 UEFA Cup final. He appeared in 179 official games for the club over seven La Liga seasons.

## Club career

Born in Sabadell, Barcelona, Catalonia, Hurtado was a product of RCD Espanyol's youth system. He first appeared with the main squad in the last La Liga game of the 2001–02 season, still going on to spend several years with their B team.
Following a Segunda División loan at SD Eibar, Hurtado returned as an important midfield element, renewing his contract until 2009 and scoring his first goal for the club in 2006–07, a 2–1 home win over RC Celta de Vigo in the league opener; during that campaign, he also collected 12 yellow cards. Additionally, he played against Sevilla FC in the 2007 UEFA Cup final at Hampden Park, being sent off after a second bookable offence in the 67th minute.
Hurtado only missed four league matches in 2007–08, but received 12 yellow cards. In the following season, as Espanyol fared slightly better, he produced roughly the same numbers, netting twice and being booked 13 times.
In late August 2010, the 29-year-old Hurtado signed a three-year deal with Olympiacos F.C. in Greece, rejoining his former Espanyol manager Ernesto Valverde. However, in the same month of the following year, he terminated his contract and returned to his country, joining top-flight Granada CF for two years.
On 1 February 2013, free agent Hurtado moved to second tier club Girona FC for one season. He renewed his link after taking part in the required number of matches but, after suffering a knee injury during pre-season, all but failed to appear for them again until his release in June 2014.
Hurtado worked as a manager after retiring, starting out in Espanyol's academy in 2018 then being appointed at Tercera División side UE Figueres also in his native region. On 9 May 2022, following the latter's relegation to the regional leagues, he left by mutual consent.

## International career

Hurtado scored in his sole cap for Catalonia on 22 December 2009, helping to a 4–2 victory over Argentina at the Camp Nou in Barcelona.

## Honours

Espanyol
* Copa del Rey: 2005–06
* UEFA Cup runner-up: 2006–07
Olympiacos
* Super League Greece: 2010–11
# Sarah Chihaya

Sarah Chihaya is an American writer, professor, and literary critic. In 2020, she was one of several co-authors of The Ferrante Letters: An Experiment in Collective Criticism, published by Columbia University Press. In 2025, she released her debut memoir, Bibliophobia, with Random House.

## Early life and education

Chihaya grew up in Ohio as the child of Japanese and Japanese-Canadian immigrants.

## Career

Chihaya's book reviews, interviews, and essays have appeared in The New Yorker, The New York Review of Books, Los Angeles Review of Books, The Nation, The Yale Review, and other publications.
Chihaya has served as an English professor at Princeton University. She has also taught at the University of California, Berkeley and New York University.
In 2020, Chihaya was the co-author of The Ferrante Letters: An Experiment in Collective Criticism alongside Merve Emre, Katherine Hill, and Juno Jill Richards. The book was published by Columbia University Press.
In 2023, Chihaya had earned a Whiting Award in Creative Nonfiction for her then-forthcoming debut memoir Bibliophobia. The judges stated: "Soul-baring, witty, and slyly provocative, Bibliophobia unsettles our most widespread and unexamined beliefs about books and reading."
In 2025, Chihaya released Bibliophobia, which discusses her complicated relationships to books along with several difficult experiences in her life. The New Republic called it "a welcome splash of lemony sourness to cut the bland sweetness of much popular discourse about books, which can tend toward boosterism, bibliotherapy, or... a nostalgic relation to books as objects and symbols that sometimes has little to do with the actual practice of reading."