# Jeffrey Chuan Chu

Jeffrey Chuan Chu (朱傳榘) (July 14, 1919 – June 6, 2011), born in Tianjin, Republic of China, was a pioneer computer engineer. He received his BS from the University of Minnesota and his MS from the Moore School at the University of Pennsylvania. Chuan was a member of the engineering team that designed the first American electronic computer, the ENIAC. ENIAC was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.
As a Senior Scientist at Argonne National Laboratory, he helped design several improved versions of early large-scale computers such as AVIDAC and ORACLE. The first IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award was awarded to him in 1981.
He was an active in efforts to modernize China.

## Early Life

Jeffrey Chuan Chu was born to a family of scholars in Tianjin, China, a city located near the capital of Beijing on July 14, 1919. Chuan Chu was the eldest son, and received private tutoring at home until the age of 12. He was schooled in Chinese classics and grew a strong sense of patriotism for China.

## Education

Jeffrey Chuan Chu received private tutoring in China classics, English, mathematics, and martial arts from the age of five. He continued with private tutoring until the age of 12 where he then transitioned to public school. When he graduated, Chuan Chu attended Fudan University, formerly known as the University of Shanghai. However, when the war from Japan reached Shanghai, he was ultimately sent to the United States to complete his studies in 1940. He attended the University of Minnesota where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree and later on attended the Moore School at the University of Pennsylvania where he was awarded a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering.

## Career & Contributions
### Contributions to the ENIAC

Jeffrey Chuan Chu played a pivotal role in the development of the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. As a core member of the engineering team at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Chu was responsible for designing the divider and square-rooter units of ENIAC. These components were essential for performing complex arithmetic operations, enabling ENIAC to execute division and square root calculations efficiently, thus marking a major advancement in computer technology.
The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was developed during World War II to assist the United States Army in calculating artillery firing tables. Completed in 1945 and publicly unveiled in 1946, ENIAC was a groundbreaking machine that marked a significant milestone in the history of computing for years to come.

### Career History

Jeffrey Chuan Chu's career spans decades, with his work and contributions to the technology industry representing an important bridge between American and East Asian technology companies. After his time on the ENIAC team, Chu transitioned into work at facilities like the Argonne (AVIDAC) and Oak Ridge (ORACLE) national laboratories and took on the position of a research engineer at the Reeves Instrument Company.
In 1955, he became the Chief Engineer for the LARC (Livermore Automatic Research Computer) project at Remington Rand's Univac division. Years later in 1962, Chu would join Honeywell Information Systems, first as their Director of Engineering and later in 1965 as Vice President. He notably cultivated important early partnerships between Honeywell and Japanese technology firms Nippon Electric Company (NEC) and Toshiba.
Following his work with Honeywell, he was named as the Senior Vice President for North American Operations at Wang Laboratories. Five years later Chu became Chairman and CEO of Sanders Technology (Santec). Throughout the 1980s, he worked as a Senior Advisor at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) and Data Resources Inc. (DRI), also serving on the Board of Directors of Columbia International and BTU International during this time.

### Contributions to East Asia

Jeffrey Chuan Chu is best known for his efforts to modernize China, but his influence on East Asian technological development began earlier. In 1974, the Taiwanese government invited Chu to contribute to the planning of Hsinchu Science Park, a project that laid the foundation for Taiwan’s booming semiconductor industry. Today, the park is home to around 500 tech companies and remains a critical hub for global semiconductor manufacturing.
In October 1978, at a time of improving U.S.-China relations and the beginning of China’s Open Door Policy, Chu and his wife, Loretta, returned to China for the first time in nearly forty years. He was 59 years old. This visit proved pivotal. In 1980, after meeting with Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, Chu fully committed himself to the mission of modernizing China’s economy and technology sector.
Chu served on various state boards, including as an advisor to the Chairman of the Science & Technology Commission. He facilitated the exchange of technical expertise and introduced knowledge of Western business practices to China. His advisory role extended to American companies, including Sanders Technology (Santec), helping them navigate business engagements with China. In 1983, while serving as Chairman and CEO of Santec, he oversaw a major deal in which the Chinese government invested over $4 million in cash and equipment for equity in the company.
Beyond his contributions to business and technology, Chu was a dedicated academic. He served as an adjunct professor at multiple Chinese universities, including Jiao Tong University and Shandong University. He played a key role in fostering international academic partnerships, establishing a scholarship for Chinese students to study English at Jiao Tong University, and facilitating a collaboration between Jiao Tong University and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Additionally, he founded the Campus Civility Award at Jiao Tong University to recognize students for public service.

## Awards

In 1981, Chuan was the first person ever selected by the IEEE for the Computer Pioneer Award. Additionally, he was awarded the title of official IEEE Fellow for his contributions in the computing field, particularly his work in the logic design of electronic computers.
Along with his technical achievements, he was honored for his public service speeches in China. He advocated this value of his by creating the Campus Civility Award for the act of public service at Jiao Tong University.

## Late Life

In his late life, from consulting with BTU and SRI International since 1986, Chuan became Director of BTU from 1991 to February 2009, when he retired and was titled Director Emeritus.
As far as his personal life, during his 40 year marriage, he and his wife Loretta explored the globe, visiting every continent besides Antarctica. He maintained connections with his extensive family, spread across the U.S. and internationally, and held quinquennial family reunions held on his birthday. The final reunion took place in Concord, Massachusetts, celebrating his 90th year.
He is survived by his wife, Loretta Yung Chu, his brother Zhu Chuan-yi, his sister Zhu Chuan-yi, and his children along with other family members. In his home in Lincoln, MA, he passed away at the age of 91 (June 6, 2011).