OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tzamandos

Tzamandos (Greek: Τζαμανδός) was a medieval fortress in Anatolia and is today situated in a neighbourhood of Pınarbaşı, Kayseri. It was constructed in 908 by the Byzantine-Armenian general Melias and was a Byzantine kleisoura and continued as a minor settlement until the early Ottoman period.

## History
### Origins

Tzamandos was built by the Byzantine Armenian general Melias in 908 in the former no-man's land between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire. Tzamandos then became a kleisoura, which included the whole river valley of the Zamantı down to the neighbourhood of Hanköy and the Uzun Yayla, and most likely belonged to the theme of Lykandos which had been created in 914. The town became also soon the seat of a Byzantine bishop. The new region was repopulated by the Byzantine authorities primarily with Armenians and Syrians, which resulted in the establishing of the Syrian Orthodox bishopric of Simandu in 955, which lasted until 1180. When Bardas Skleros revolted in 976, the fortress joined his efforts.

### Armenian rule

In 1022, the kleisoura of Tzamandos was given as property to Davit while his father Senacherim, the former King of Vaspurakan, was invested with Sebasteia, Larissa and Abara. Tzamandos was later taken away from the Artsrunis and given to Gagik of Kars after he was forced to abdicate in 1065. The Armenian Catholicos resided in the town from 1065 until 1069 when he moved to Tablur. Tzamandos was attacked by the Seljuks in 1068 and 1070. Upon Gagik's death, he was succeeded by his daughter Maria, who was in possession of the fortress possibly until 1085.

### Turkish rule

According to the Saljuq-nama, Tzamandos (which it called Zamandū) became part of the principality of the Danishmendids after the 1071 battle of Manzikert. Around 1143/1144, the Danishmendid possessions were split up and Tzamandos fell, possibly together with Larissa, to Dhu'l-Nun. It is not certain whether Tzamandos was its own fief (iqta' or was grouped together with Kayseri. Though Kayseri later became the more important regional center, there is no need to think of Tzamandos as having a lower population at the time.
In 1168, the Seljuk Kilij Arslan II drove out Dhu'l-Nun of his possessions and Tzamandos thus fell under the Sultanate of Rum as an appanage of Kayseri. When Kilij Arslan II divided his sultanate between his sons, the region fell to his son Mughis ad-Din Tughrul. Seljuk building activity in the region did not start until the 1230s, when the trade passing by Tzamandos and Elbistan led to rebuilding of the fortress of Tzamandos which was now also used as a prison. The fortress became then known as Melik Gazi and the main settlement was dispersed probably in the early Ottoman period so that just a small village remained.
# Pitkas Point, Alaska

Pitkas Point (Central Yupik: Negeqliim Painga) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 109 at the 2010 census, down from 125 in 2000.

## Geography

Pitkas Point is located at 62°2′8″N 163°15′39″W﻿ / ﻿62.03556°N 163.26083°W﻿ / 62.03556; -163.26083 (62.035485, -163.260857).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

Pitkas Point first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as the unincorporated village of "Pitka's Point". In 1950, it returned as Pitkas Point. It was made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980.
As of the census of 2000, there were 125 people, 30 households, and 24 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 83.9 inhabitants per square mile (32.4/km$^2$). There were 42 housing units at an average density of 28.2 per square mile (10.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 6.40% White, 91.20% Native American, and 2.40% from two or more races.
There were 30 households, out of which 56.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.0% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.17 and the average family size was 4.92.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 46.4% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 3.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $41,875, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,488. There were 40.0% of families and 32.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 33.3% of under eighteens and 57.1% of those over 64.

## Education

Until 2012, the Lower Yukon School District operated Pitkas Point School. In the 2011–12 school year, the school had eight students in pre-K through eighth grade. Due to the low enrollment, the town now runs a bus to St. Mary's for K-12 students.
# Mildred Nilon

Nancy Mildred Nilon (July 26, 1920 – September 30, 2017) was the University of Colorado Boulder (CU)’s first African American librarian. CU created a scholarship in honor of her and her husband, Charles, who was CU's first African American faculty member.

## Early life and education

Nancy Mildred Harper (who went by the name Mildred) was born July 26, 1920, in Montgomery, Alabama. She was the youngest of three children of Lemuel Paul Harper and Fannie Harper. Her father's job as a railroad mail clerk made her family slightly better off than most African American families at the time, which allowed her to attend Alabama State Laboratory High School. However, her race and gender limited her career choices. She took a position teaching but did not enjoy it, so she returned to school and obtained a master's degree at Atlanta University in library science.

## Career

Nilon held a series of library jobs in Atlanta, Alabama, and Detroit until her husband, Charles, accepted a job teaching in the University of Colorado's English department in Boulder, Colorado, in 1956. In 1962 she was offered a position with the University of Colorado Libraries helping with an emergency staffing situation. CU asked her to return in the fall of 1962 to work in the library's General Reference and Interlibrary Loans section. She was eventually appointed assistant director for public services, a position she held until her retirement in 1987. She was CU's first African American librarian.

## Family

Mildred Harper met Charles Nilon at Alabama State University and they married in 1953. They had a son, Charles Nilon, Jr., who graduated from Morehouse College in Atlanta. Charles Nilon, Jr., is now a faculty member at the University of Missouri.

## Community involvement

Nilon was active in numerous community organizations, including the United Black Women of Boulder Valley, the Town and Country YWCA board, the Mental Health board, and the Historic Boulder board. Soon after arriving in town the Nilons tried to buy a house outside of the Goss/Grove area which was Boulder's “Black ghetto” at the time. Owners changed their minds about selling to the Nilons after their neighbors complained when the Nilons were shown houses. They were finally able to purchase a house outside the “ghetto” which paved the way for other African American families to purchase homes without discrimination. Their experience led to their efforts to end housing segregation and support affordable housing in Boulder. While at CU they mentored African American students who were welcomed into their home. They sought to increase the number of African American faculty and students at a time when there were very few of either on campus.

## Scholarship

The Charles and Mildred Nilon Teacher Education Scholarship Fund honors the Nilons. It is designated for students who are “committed to advancing educational opportunities in under-resourced schools, especially those that serve African American communities.”
Mildred Nilon died September 30, 2017, in Boulder at the age of 97.
# Grayling, Alaska

Grayling (Sixno' Xidakagg in Holikachuk language) is a city in Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 194, unchanged from 2000. Since 1977, the Athabaskan village has seen a surge of interest on odd-numbered years, when it is the site of a checkpoint during the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. It is situated after the checkpoint at Anvik and before Eagle Island.

## Geography

Grayling is located at 62°54′38″N 160°4′2″W﻿ / ﻿62.91056°N 160.06722°W﻿ / 62.91056; -160.06722 (62.910472, -160.067250).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.9 square miles (28 km$^2$), of which, 10.9 square miles (28 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.09% is water.

## Demographics

Grayling first appeared on the 1970 U.S. Census as a city. It incorporated in 1969.
As of the census of 2000, there were 194 people, 51 households, and 37 families residing in the city. The population density was 17.7 inhabitants per square mile (6.8/km$^2$). There were 63 housing units at an average density of 5.8 per square mile (2.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 7.22% White, 88.14% Native American, 0.52% from other races, and 4.12% from two or more races. 1.03% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 51 households, 47.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.80 and the average family size was 4.39.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 46.4% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 20 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $21,875, and the median income for a family was $18,750. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $7,049. About 62.1% of families and 64.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 82.9% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

## Education

The Iditarod Area School District operates the David Louis Memorial School in Grayling.
# Bay of Cádiz

The Bay of Cádiz is a body of water in the province of Cádiz, Spain, adjacent to the southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Bay of Cádiz adjoins the Gulf of Cádiz, a larger body of water which is in the same area but further offshore.

## Geography

The shores of the Bay of Cádiz include the municipalities of Cádiz, San Fernando, Puerto Real, El Puerto de Santa María, and Rota.
The bay forms a natural harbour which according to available archaeological evidence has been inhabited since very ancient times. The Bahía de Cádiz Natural Park is located on the shores of the Bay of Cádiz.
There is also a comarca with the name Bay of Cádiz.
# HyperPhysics

HyperPhysics is an educational website about physics topics. The information architecture of the website is based on HyperCard, the platform on which the material was originally developed, and a thesaurus organization, with thousands of controlled links and usual trees organizing topics from general to specific. It also exploits concept maps to facilitate smooth navigation. HyperPhysics is hosted by Georgia State University and authored by Georgia State faculty member Dr. Rod Nave.
In the early 2000s, various teaching and education facilitators made use of HyperPhysics material through projects and organizations, and also publishers which use SciLinks.
# Rancho Las Positas

Rancho Las Positas was a 8,880-acre (35.9 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day Alameda County, California given in 1839 by governor Juan Alvarado to Robert Livermore and José Noriega. Las Positas means "little watering holes" in Spanish. The rancho included the present-day city of Livermore.

## History

In 1834 Livermore and his business partner José Noriega were keeping livestock at Rancho Las Positas, where they also built an adobe. Livermore and his wife Josefa Higuera Molina, first settled in the Sunol Valley, but later moved to Rancho Las Positas, as Livermore was making regular trips there to manage his rancho. Initially an adobe structure built by Livermore and Amador served as their house on the rancho.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Las Positas was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1852, and the grant was patented to Livermore and Noriega in 1872.
In 1847 José Noriega and Robert Livermore also purchased Rancho Canada de los Vaqueros to the north of Rancho Las Positas. In 1854, Livermore and Noriega came to an agreement to separate their properties. Livermore purchased Noriega's half of Rancho Las Positas and sold his half of Rancho Canada de los Vaqueros to Noreiga. But Livermore had already conveyed all his interest in Rancho Canada de los Vaqueros to his wife and children in 1852, of which fact Noriega was ignorant; so that the deed from Livermore to Noriega in fact conveyed nothing, inasmuch as Livermore had then no title to convey. This was the beginning of several lawsuits. When Livermore died in 1858, before the establishment of the town that bears his name, he left behind Josefa and eight children.

## Historic sites of the Rancho

The first building on the ranch was an adobe on Las Positas Creek, and in 1849 a two-story house was added; it was the first wooden building in the valley.
# The Gateway (Salt Lake City)

The Gateway is a large, open-air retail, residential, and office complex in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is centered on the historic Union Pacific Depot on the west side of Downtown Salt Lake City between 50 North and 200 South streets and between 400 and 500 West streets. Rio Grande Street has been the site of many special events and becomes a one-way street and heads north through the center. The center has featured as many as 89 outlets, but recent changes have allowed the center to provide new retail shopping experiences like and become more of a social gathering place centered on dining and nightlife.
In the northeast corner, a seven-story 230,000 sq ft (21,000 m$^2$) office tower for more than 1,200 employees was completed in 2007 for the sole occupancy of Fidelity Investments.
By 2014, the center's occupancy rate had fallen. Several major tenants such as Apple moved half a mile east to the newer and more centrally-located City Creek Center, opened in 2012 by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Retail Properties of America valued the center to $75 million in 2014 and projected further decline. Previous efforts to stabilize and sell the center failed. Some of the outdoor areas were upgraded, and nearby development projects were planned.
In 2016, The Gateway was sold to the commercial real estate company Vestar. The company planned initially to renovate the center for $30 million. Ultimately, $100 million was invested by Vestar. Vestar restored the area's popularity and increased security, lowering crime by 79% and expecting crime to lower even further. The downtown shelter located on Rio Grande Street has also seen improvement because of the mall's new management.
The Megaplex Theatres at The Gateway served as a venue for the Sundance Film Festival in 2023.
In 2021, the W.O.S.B Collective (Women-Owned Small Business Collective) was founded, providing a unique shopping experience at The Gateway. This boutique and gallery offers exclusive and internationally sourced products, including clothing, swimwear accessories, gifts, and local art, that showcase women-owned businesses from across the globe in one location.
# Dave Hill (baseball)

David Burnham Hill (November 11, 1937 – October 16, 2018) was an American professional baseball player, a pitcher who appeared in two games in the Major Leagues for the 1957 Kansas City Athletics. Hill attended Northwestern University; he threw left-handed, batted right-handed, and was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 170 pounds (77 kg).
Hill signed with the Athletics in 1957 as a "Bonus Baby", under the Bonus Rule. He debuted for the As without playing in the minor leagues on August 22 in relief against the defending world champion New York Yankees and surrendered a two-run home run to eventual Baseball Hall of Famer Yogi Berra during an 11–4 Kansas City loss. Four days later he was treated roughly by the Boston Red Sox, also in relief, surrendering five runs (including homers to Frank Malzone and Jimmy Piersall) in only one-third of an inning. Boston routed the As, 16–0.
In 2+1⁄3 big-league innings pitched, Hill allowed six hits, three bases on balls, and seven earned runs. He struck out one.
He played in the Kansas City farm system from 1958 to 1961, rising to the middle level of the minors, before retiring. After retiring, Hill earned a master's degree from Loyola University and had a successful career in telecommunications. In his final years, he owned and operated Wickwire Art Gallery (Hendersonville, NC) with his wife of over 46 years. He was the father of three children and grandfather of nine. Hill maintained a love for baseball all of his life.
Hill died peacefully on October 16, 2018, after a brief battle with cancer.
# Arnaud Duncker

Arnaud Duncker (born 7 May 1971) is a retired French football midfielder.
# List of Israeli films of 1995

A list of films produced by the Israeli film industry in 1995.

## 1995 releases

| Premiere | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| September 3 | Zihron Devarim (Hebrew: זיכרון דברים, lit. "Memorandum") | Amos Gitai | ? | Drama | Israeli-French-Italian co-production |
| September 8 | Under the Domim Tree (Hebrew: עץ הדומים תפוס, lit. "The Domim Tree is taken") | Eli Cohen | Gila Almagor, Kaipu Cohen, Juliano Mer | Drama | |
| November 1 | Lovesick on Nana Street (Hebrew: חולה אהבה בשיכון ג', lit. "Lovesick in Neighborhood Gimel") | Savi Gavison | Moshe Ivgy, Hana Azoulay-Hasfari | Comedy, Drama | |
| November 13 | Leylasede (Hebrew: לילסדה) | Shemi Zarhin | Gila Almagor, Alon Aboutboul, Joseph Shiloach | Drama | |

### Unknown premiere date

| Premiere | Title | Director | Cast | Genre |
| ? | Smicha Hashmalit Ushma Moshe (Hebrew: שמיכה חשמלית ושמה משה, lit. "An Electric Blanket Named Moshe") | Assi Dayan | Rivka Neuman, Shmil Ben Ari, Uri Klauzner | Drama |
| ? | B'Shivim Ushtayim Lo Hayta Milhama (Hebrew: ב-72 לא הייתה מלחמה, lit. "In 72 there was no war") | Dudu Krainer | Adam Abulafia, Shmuel Edelman, Ava Haddad, Natali Atiya | Drama |
| ? | Tzaleket (Hebrew: צלקת, lit. "Scar") | Haim Bouzaglo | ? | Drama |
| ? | All Hell Broke Loose | Amir Feldman | | Documentary |
| ? | Baba Luba | Julie Shles | Danny Bassan | Documentary |

## Awards

| Ophir Award This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2010) | Wolgin Award This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2010) |
# Fulianka

Fulianka (Hungarian: Fulyán) is a village and municipality in Prešov District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

## History

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1410.

## Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 277 metres and covers an area of 3.8 km$^2$ (1.5 sq mi) (2020-06-30/-07-01).

## Population

It has a population of about 390 406 people (2020-12-31).

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Presov, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1864–1895 (parish B)
* Greek Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1818–1895 (parish A)
# Europeanists

Europeanists (Italian: Europeisti) is a political party in Italy. Amid a government crisis triggered after Matteo Renzi announced that he would revoke Italia Viva's support to the government of Giuseppe Conte, Europeanists formed on 27 January 2021 as a component of a joint parliamentary group in the Italian Senate (together with MAIE and Democratic Centre), with the aim to support Conte's cabinet.

## History

On 18 January the government won the vote of confidence in the Chamber of Deputies with 321 votes in favour, 259 against and 27 abstentions. On the following day, the government won a vote of confidence in the Senate with 156 votes in favor, 140 against and 16 abstentions; however, the cabinet failed to reach the absolute majority in the house. Among those who voted in support of Conte in the Senate, there were members of the future Europeanists group, like the then-senators of Forza Italia (FI), Andrea Causin and Mariarosaria Rossi, as well as former members of the Five Star Movement (M5S), like Gregorio de Falco (who joined the Democratic Centre, a party led by Bruno Tabacci) and Maurizio Buccarella, and senators from the Associative Movement Italians Abroad (MAIE), like Ricardo Antonio Merlo and Raffaele Fantetti.
On 26 January, Conte resigned as Prime Minister. On the following day, the Europeanists group was formed in the Italian Senate (together with MAIE and Democratic Centre) in support of Conte. The senator of the Democratic Party Tatjana Rojc joined Europeanists in order to allow the formation of the group, while remaining a member of the PD. Instead, Sandra Lonardo, a former senator of FI and wife of Clemente Mastella, who was among the main proponents of the parliamentary group, decided not to join, in contrast with the other members about the group's name (which did not include Lonardo's and Mastella's party name, Us Campanians). It was not possible to create a similar parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies, because only three deputies joined, so Europeanists had to form a sub-group within the Mixed Group, along with MAIE and PSI.
On 28 January, the group took part in the consultations with President Sergio Mattarella for the formation of a new cabinet, stressing its support to Conte. On the same day, Causin hinted the transformation of the group into a political party.
In late March, two senators, Tatjana Rojc and Mariarosaria Rossi, announced that they would soon leave the group. Consequently, on 29 March the group was dissolved due to lack of the minimum number of senators needed to form a parliamentary group (eight instead of ten).
Despite the dissolution of the group in each branch of the Parliament, the senators Fantetti and Rossi formed a parliamentary sub-group within the Senate's Mixed Group along with IDeA and Cambiamo!; moreover, Fantetti himself continued to preside over the "Europeanists" association, federated with Cambiamo!. On 28 October, the "IDeA – Cambiamo!" sub-group changed its name into "IDeA-Cambiamo-Europeanists". Since 2022 Europeanists has been part of the National Register of political parties.
# Éric Joly

Éric André Joly (born 6 October 1972) is a French retired professional football player.