OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Yale Journal of International Law

The Yale Journal of International Law is a student-edited international law review at the Yale Law School (New Haven, Connecticut). The journal publishes articles on a range of topics in international and comparative law.

## History

The Yale Journal of International Law is the oldest of Yale Law School's eight secondary journals still in publication. The journal was founded in 1974 by a group of students who were followers of the New Haven School of international law, and their publication was originally known as Yale Studies in World Public Order. Under the leadership of then editor in chief Eisuke Suzuki, a graduate fellow from Tokyo, the first issue was produced without assistance from the Law School. After being renamed The Yale Journal of World Public Order, the journal obtained its current title. About ten years after its founding, the Yale Law School started to support the journal.

## Content

Some of the journal's most-cited articles include:
* Kenneth W. Abbott, Modern International Relations Theory: A Prospectus for International Lawyers, Yale J. Int. Law 14:335 (1989)
* Lea Brilmayer, Secession and Self-Determination: A Territorial Interpretation, Yale J. Int. Law 16:177 (1991)
* Raidza Torres, The Rights of Indigenous Populations: The Emerging International Norm, Yale J. Int. Law 16:127 (1991)
* Michael J. Glennon, Two Views of Presidential Foreign Affairs Power: Little v. Barreme or Curtiss-Wright?, Yale J. Int. Law 13:5 (1988)
* Daniel Bodansky, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A Commentary, Yale J. Int. Law 18:451 (1993)

## Rankings

The journal was ranked second among international law reviews in the 2007 ExpressO Guide to Top Law Reviews based on the number of manuscripts received.

## Events

In collaboration with Opinio Juris, occasional online symposia centering on scholarly conversations on articles published in the journal are organized. In collaboration with the Forum on the Practice of International Law, the journal periodically convenes workshops and presentations on various topics. Some recent events are:
* Symposium: International Trade in the Trump Era (2019)
* The "New" New Haven School (2007)
* Nation Building in the Middle East (2005)
* Reflections on the International Court of Justice's Oil Platforms Decision (2004)
* Current Pressures on International Humanitarian Law (2003)
* Reflections on the International Court of Justice’s LaGrand Decision (2002)
* Realistic Idealism in International Law, a conference in honor of W. Michael Reisman. Selected proceedings from this conference were published in the Summer 2009 issue.
# University of Colorado Museum of Natural History

The University of Colorado Museum of Natural History is a museum of natural history in Boulder, Colorado. With more than four million artifacts and specimens in the areas of anthropology, botany, entomology, paleontology and zoology, the museum houses the most extensive natural history collection in the Rocky Mountain region. In 2003, the University of Colorado Museum received accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums.
The museum was founded in 1902, when Judge Junius Henderson was appointed its first curator. The University of Colorado Museum is housed on the University of Colorado Boulder campus in the Henderson Building. The museum is open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., except Saturday from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. and Sunday from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
# Giorgio Lingua

Giorgio Lingua (born 23 March 1960) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who has worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1992. He was named Apostolic Nuncio to Croatia on 22 July 2019. He was previously nuncio in Iraq, Jordan and Cuba.

## Biography

He was born on 23 March 1960 in Piovani, a small town belonging to the municipality of Fossano, in the province of Cuneo, Italy, in 1960. He was ordained on 10 November 1984. He earned a doctorate in canon law. To prepare for a diplomat’s career, he completed the course of study at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1988.

## Diplomatic career

He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 July 1992. He worked in the papal representations in the Ivory Coast and the United States, and in the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State as well as in the apostolic nunciatures in Italy and Serbia.
On 4 September 2010, Pope Benedict XVI named him the Apostolic Nuncio to Iraq and Jordan as well as Titular Archbishop of Tuscania. He received his episcopal consecration from Tarcisio Bertone on 9 October 2010.
Asked about the 2014 US airstrikes in response to the advance of ISIS, Lingua said: "This is something that had to be done, otherwise [the Islamic State] could not be stopped. But, we should wonder why we have arrived at this point: was it not a lack of intelligence? Were we not able to understand what was going on? And then: who gave these [Islamic State fighters] such sophisticated weapons?"
On 17 March 2015, Pope Francis named him Apostolic Nuncio to Cuba.
On 22 July 2019, Francis named him Apostolic Nuncio to Croatia.
# USS George M. Neal

USS George M. Neal (DDG-131) is a planned Arleigh Burke-class (Flight III) Aegis guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy, the sixth Flight III variant. She will be named in honor of Aviation Machinist’s Mate 3rd Class George M. Neal, a Korean War veteran and prisoner of war, who was a recipient of the Navy Cross. The sponsor is Kelley Neal Gray, daughter of Aviation Machinist's Mate 3rd Class Neal. Fabrication of the ship began on 2 December 2021.
# Balloon clock

A balloon clock is a bracket clock with a waisted or balloon-shaped case. It was popular in England from the late 18th to the early 19th century.
It is believed that balloon clock is derived from French styles that are usually of satinwood or mahogany with a convex or flat dial.
# Frizington railway station

vteWhitehaven, Cleator & Egremont Railway :
Legend :
Frizington railway station was built by the Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway. It served the industrial Parkside area of Frizington, Cumbria, England.

## History

The line was one of the fruits of the rapid industrialisation of West Cumberland in the second half of the nineteenth century. The station opened to passengers on 1 July 1857 as the latest railhead on the line being developed from Moor Row to Rowrah.
The station closed with the steep decline of the area's industrial fortunes in the Twentieth Century.

## Services

Whilst some Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway (WCER) mineral, goods and passenger traffic to and from Rowrah passed north along the line to Marron Junction, the greater part arrived and left southwards towards Moor Row and therefore passed through Frizington. Mineral traffic was also generated locally from the quarries and mines such as the Holebeck, Parkside and Crossgill workings on branches within sight of the station.
In 1922 seven all stations passenger trains called at Frizington in each direction, with an extra on Whitehaven Market Day. Four were Rowrah to Whitehaven services, the other three plied a long, circuitous route between Workington Main and Whitehaven via Camerton, Marron Junction, Ullock, Rowrah and Moor Row.
Frizington station's owning Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont company was taken over by the LNWR and Furness Railway in 1879 as a Joint Line, whereafter the passenger traffic through the station was usually worked by the LNWR.
Goods traffic typically consisted of a two daily turns Up and Down.
Mineral traffic was the dominant flow, though this was subject to considerable fluctuation with trade cycles. Stations and signalling along the line south of Rowrah were changed during the Joint regime to conform to Furness Railway standards.

## Rundown and closure

The station closed on 13 April 1931 when normal passenger traffic ended along the line, though workmen's trains were reinstated in March 1940, only to be withdrawn a month later. An enthusiasts' special ran through on 5 September 1954. After scant occasional use the line northwards from Rowrah was abandoned in 1960 and subsequently lifted.
The line southwards from Rowrah through Frizington lead a charmed life, continuing with a limestone flow from a quarry at Rowrah until 1978, after which all traffic ceased and the tracks were lifted.

## Afterlife

By 2008 Frizington station house was a private residence. The trackbed had been transformed into part of National Cycle Route 71.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Terminus 1857-1864 | Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway | Cleator Moor East Line and station closed |
| Eskett 1864-1872 | Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway | Cleator Moor East Line and station closed |
| Yeathouse 1872-1931 | Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway | Cleator Moor East Line and station closed |
# Peter Hastings

Peter Hastings may refer to:
* Peter Hastings (director) (born 1960), American writer, producer, and director of animated TV and films
* Peter Hastings, character from TV series Pretty Little Liars
# USS John E. Kilmer

USS John E. Kilmer (DDG-134) is a planned Arleigh Burke-class (Flight III) Aegis guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy. The ship was authorized for construction by Bath Iron Works on 27 September 2018. On 16 October 2019, U.S. Secretary of the Navy Richard V. Spencer announced that the ship will be named in honor of United States Navy Hospital corpsman John E. Kilmer, who was killed in the Battle of Bunker Hill during the Korean War and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions in the battle.
# Maggie Lim

Maggie Lim ( 5 January 1913 – November 1995, Chinese: 林陈美仪) was a Singaporean physician and public health official. She was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame posthumously, in 2014.

## Early life

Maggie Tan was born into a prominent family, the daughter of businessman Tan Kwee Swee, granddaughter of businessman Tan Kim Ching, and great-granddaughter of Chinese philanthropist Tan Tock Seng. She attended Raffles Girls' School, and later, by special arrangement, Raffles Boys' School. In 1930, she was the first Singaporean schoolgirl to win a Queen's Scholarship. (Her brother Tan Thoon Lip won the same scholarship the previous year.) She earned a medical degree at the London School of Medicine for Women and the Royal Free Hospital. She returned to Singapore in 1940.

## Career

During World War II, Lim was a camp doctor at Endau Settlement in Johor, supporting the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army. After the war, Lim was an obstetrician and public health official in Singapore. She worked for the Singapore Municipal Health Department at the Prinsep Street Infant Welfare Clinic, especially on promoting birth control awareness, addressing childhood infectious diseases, and expanding maternal and child clinic access.
Lim was honorary medical officer of the Singapore Family Planning Association when it began in 1949. In early 1951, she was briefly detained with others, by the government, on charges of spreading Malayan Communist Party propaganda. In 1963, she became head of the maternal and child welfare department in the Ministry of Health. She was president of the Family Planning and Population Board, and an advisor to the Midwives' Council. She served on the Singapore Hospitals Board, and was an officer of the Singapore Paediatric Society.
Later in her career, Lim was a professor of epidemiology and public health at the University of Hawai'i's East–West Center. While in Hawai'i, she served as vice president of Hawaii Planned Parenthood.
Lim was a member of the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal College of Physicians of London.

## Personal life

Maggie Tan married another Queen's Scholar, political activist Lim Hong Bee. They had two daughters; Patricia Lin, a television presenter in Singapore and later a professor in California, and Gillian Lin, a graduate of the Royal College of Music, London who performed internationally as a concert pianist and recording artist for RCA. Lim died in Claremont, California. She was posthumously inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame in 2014.
Singaporean playwright Stella Kon is Maggie Lim's grand-niece.
# Kukchagam

The Kukchagam (Korean: 국자감; Hanja: 國子監), known at times as Kukhak (국학; 國學) or Sŏnggyun'gwan (성균관; 成均館), was the highest educational institution of the Korean Goryeo dynasty. It was located at the capital, Gaegyeong (modern-day Kaesong), and provided advanced training in the Chinese classics. It was established in 992 during the reign of Seongjong. Its name has been changed to Songgyungam in 1298 and to Songgyungwan in 1308. Its current name is Koryo (/Goryeo) Songgyungwan University/University of Light Industry. A similar institution, known as the Gukhak, had been established under Unified Silla, but it was not successful.
The Kukchagam was part of Seongjong's general program of Confucian reform, together with the gwageo civil service examinations and the hyanggyo provincial schools. It formed the cornerstone of the Confucian educational system he envisioned. In the waning days of Goryeo, the Kukchagam again became a centerpiece of reform through the policies of the early Neo-Confucian scholar An Hyang.

## Courses of study

In the beginning, the Kukchagam provided a total of six courses of study. Of these, three divisions were restricted to children of the highest-ranking officials: Gukjahak, Taehak, and Samunhak. These were a total of nine years long, and focused on the Confucian classics.
The other three divisions were open to children of officials as low as the 8th rank: Seohak (secretarial training), Sanhak (arithmetic), and Yulhak (law). Each of these took six years to complete, and focused on technical training with a heavy admixture of the classics.
A seventh division was added in 1104, in the reign of Yejong: Gangyejae (강예재), providing military training. This was the first recorded occasion of a Korean dynasty providing formal training in the military arts. Due to tensions between the aristocracy and the military, it was soon removed from the curriculum, in 1133.

## Finances

Seongjong's original edict of 992 provided land and slaves to support the school. However, the cost of tuition remained prohibitive for most students not from wealthy families. In 1304, An Hyang levied a new tax which officials of the top 6 ranks had to pay in silver, and those of the lower ranks in cloth. This tax was used to defray the cost of tuition for the Kukchagam's students.

## Names

The name was changed to Gukhak in 1275, upon the ascension of King Chungnyeol. It was changed to Seonggyungam in 1298 and to Sŏnggyun'gwan in 1308, but then reverted to Kukchagam during the reign of Gongmin in 1358. The Sŏnggyun'gwan name was adopted again in 1362, and continued in use until the fall of Goryeo thirty years later.
# Luís Mata

Luís Carlos Machado Mata (born 6 July 1997) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Kazakhstan Premier League club Kairat, on loan from Zagłębie Lubin.

## Club career
### Porto B

Born in Porto, Mata came through the ranks of hometown club FC Porto. On 7 August 2016, he made his professional debut with FC Porto B in a 2016–17 LigaPro match against C.D. Aves, a 2–1 away loss. The following January, he was loaned to Portimonense S.C. of the same league for the rest of the season.
On 27 September 2017, Mata scored his only goal for Porto B to conclude a 2–0 home win over C.D. Cova da Piedade. The following 6 March, he had his one call-up to the first team, remaining unused in a goalless draw away to Liverpool after the Dragons had already lost the first leg of the UEFA Champions League last 16 5–0 at home.
Mata was loaned to FC Cartagena of the Spanish Segunda División B on 31 August 2018, along with clubmates Rui Moreira and João Costa. Under manager Gustavo Munúa, he was fourth choice in his primary position, but made more appearances in the second half of the season at right back due to an injury crisis.
On 5 January 2020, captain Mata was sent off in the 17th minute of Porto B's 3–1 home loss to Académica de Coimbra for giving away a penalty, from which Zé Castro opened the scoring.

### Pogoń Szczecin

On 9 July 2020, Mata ended his 13-year stay with Porto with 12 months of contract remaining, to sign a three-year deal at Pogoń Szczecin in the Polish Ekstraklasa. He joined his compatriot former teammate Tomás Podstawski at the club.

### Zagłębie Lubin

On 8 February 2023, having lost his spot in the line-up to Léo Borges in the latter half of 2022, and with Leonardo Koutris' arrival in the winter, Mata left Pogoń for another Ekstraklasa team, Zagłębie Lubin, penning a deal until June 2025.

#### Loan to Kairat

On 27 February 2025, Mata moved to Kazakh club Kairat on loan for the remainder of the season.
# USS Thad Cochran

USS Thad Cochran (DDG-135) is a planned Arleigh Burke-class (Flight III) Aegis guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy. She will be named in honor of Republican U.S. Senator represented Mississippi, William Thad Cochran, who was a U.S. Navy ensign during 1959–1961, he also served as numerous subcommittees during his time in United States Senate. Fabrication of the ship began on 13 November 2023.
# Liván Osoria

Liván Osoria Rodriguez (born 5 February 1994) is a Cuban male volleyball player. He was part of the Cuba men's national volleyball team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Poland.

## Clubs

* Santiago de Cuba (2014)
# Morrie Silver

Morrie E. Silver (July 28, 1909–April 26, 1974) was an American businessman based in Rochester, New York. He is best known for his work with the Rochester Red Wings minor league baseball team.

## Business career

A native of Rochester, Silver attended East High School and was set to attend Cornell University, but had to change plans when his father became ill. He sold newspapers for the Rochester Times-Union, advancing to the circulation department.
In 1937, Silver founded a school, the Columbia Institute for Music. He later opened a music store, the Columbia Music Store, located at 77 Clinton Avenue South, which was very successful during the post-war recorded music boom. The store, at one time, became the highest-grossing record store in the United States, and a young singer named Lu Ann Simms was hired as a saleswoman in the early 1950s. He sold the store and started the appliance distributorship M. E. Silver Corporation.

## Rochester Red Wings

In 1956, the St. Louis Cardinals announced that they would no longer field a farm team in Rochester, where the minor league team, the Red Wings, was one of the oldest in baseball. A group spearheaded by Silver quickly attempted to raise funds to keep the team in Rochester. The resulting stock drive, which gathered 8,222 stockholders, was nicknamed "The 72-Day Miracle." In 1957, Rochester Community Baseball, Inc., with Silver the majority stockholder, purchased the Red Wings from the Cardinals, with Silver presenting the MLB team with a $500,000 check.
Silver said, "I just couldn't imagine youngsters growing up in years to come not being able to see professional baseball in Rochester."
Silver periodically worked in the front office of the Red Wings, serving as president in 1957, 1962, 1963, and 1965, and as general manager from 1966 to 1968.

## Death and legacy

Silver moved to Miami Beach in 1968, but continued to be involved in the operation of the Red Wings. Silver died of complications of a heart attack in Miami, Florida on April 26, 1974. He was survived by his wife, Anna, and a daughter, Naomi. Naomi Silver remains as president and chief executive of the Red Wings.
Red Wing Stadium, the home of the Red Wings, was renamed Silver Stadium upon Silver's retirement in 1968. The Red Wings played at Silver Stadium until 1996, after which the address of the Red Wing's new park, Frontier Field, was named One Morrie Silver Way. A statue near Frontier Field was dedicated to Silver in 2007. The Morrie Silver Family Scholarship awards $5000 annually to young Red Wings employees who are attending school.
Silver was elected to the Rochester Red Wings Hall of Fame in 1989, and to the International League Hall of Fame in 2008. The Red Wings retired the fanciful jersey number 8222 in his honor, using the number of initial Red Wings shareholders from 1956.
# Smith Family Farm

The Smith Family Farm was the boyhood home of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.
The farm—located in the townships of Palmyra, Wayne County and Manchester, Ontario County, New York—includes the Sacred Grove, the Smiths' restored frame home, and a reconstructed log home. The farm site passed into ownership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1915, and in the 1990s, the church restored the frame home, reconstructed the log home, and built a welcome center. Church missionaries provide free tours.

## History

Joseph Smith Sr., his wife Lucy Mack Smith, and some of their children moved from Norwich, Vermont, to Palmyra, New York, in 1816. In 1818 or 1819, the family built a log home near property owned by the estate of Nicholas Evertson of New York City, but did not enter a purchase agreement for the land until a land agent had been appointed in 1820. Smith, Sr. agreed to pay the Evertson estate between $600 and 700 for the 100-acre (0.4 km$^2$) farm. In 1825, the family moved into a larger and more comfortable frame home that they had built on the property but were unable to make payments on the land. A carpenter who had completed the house sued the Smiths for his costs in February 1825. A new agent for the Evertson estate also foreclosed on them, although a sympathetic Quaker, Lemuel Durfee, purchased the farm and permitted the family to rent the frame house until they returned to the log home in the spring of 1829. The Smiths left the area in 1830.
The farm was purchased by the LDS Church in 1907 and passed into its care in 1915. The instigator of the purchase was LDS Church president Joseph F. Smith. The grove of trees on the site where Joseph Smith was assumed to have had his First Vision became a pilgrimage site, and centennial celebrations were held there in 1920.
# Vahdatiyeh

Vahdatiyeh (Persian: وحدتيه) is a city in Sadabad District of Dashtestan County, Bushehr province, Iran, serving as the administrative center for Vahdatiyeh Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 11,023 in 2,250 households. The following census in 2011 counted 11,414 people in 2,956 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 11,222 people in 3,162 households.