OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nishanwalia Misl

The Nishanwalia Misl, also spelt as Nishananvali Misl, was a Sikh misl. The Misl was founded by Dasaundha Singh Shergill a leader of Tarna Dal. The misl was ruled by the Shergill Jats. The misl was based in Ambala, Shahbad, and parts of the present-day Ludhiana district. The Nishanwalia Misl was more akin to a brotherhood rather than resembling a large, family clan like most of the other misls of the Sikh Confederacy.

## History

The misl was formed on 29 March 1748. The leaders of this Misl used to carry the blue nishans (the flags) of the Sikh army during the battles; hence their name become Nishanwalia. The misl which was responsible for bearing the Nishan Sahib was the Nishanwalia Misl, named after this role. The Nishanwalia Misl also was responsible for appointing the flag-bearers for the other misls. The role assigned to carry the flag in procession was considered an honourable one.
Dasaundha Singh, son of Chowdhry Sahib Rai of village Mansurwala (near Kot Issa Khan) was the first chief of this Misl. Dasaundha Singh was assisted by his brother, Sangat Singh. Some other prominent figures of the Nishanwalia Misl were Jai Singh of Kairon village, and Kaur Singh and Man Singh of Dhand Kasel village in Amritsar district. These Nishanwalia figures all were earlier baptized into the Khalsa order by Diwan Darbara Singh (d. 1734).
The Nishanwalia Misl had strength of twelve thousand cavalry in 1765. It had captured Ambala, Shahbad-Markanda, Sarai Lashkari Khan, Doraha, Amloh, Zira, Singhanwala and some area around Sahnewal too; Dasaundha Singh died in a battle against Zabita Khan in 1767; he was succeeded by his brother Sangat Singh. Sangat Singh shifted his headquarters from Ambala to Zira, where he died in 1774. Sangat Singh had three sons, namely Kapur Singh, Mehar Singh, and Anup Singh, all of whom were children when their father died. After reaching adulthood, Mehar Singh took on the mantle of leadership of the misl in 1779 but was killed shortly after. Kapur Singh died in-battle. Thus, the sole-surviving son of Sangat Singh, Anup Singh, became the next head of the misl. Anup Singh died without an issue in 1797. In 1807, Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupied the land of the Nishanwalia Misl.
Daljit Singh Shergill forefathers also belonged to this misl.

## Leaders

The list of rulers of the Nishanwalia Misl are as follows:
* Dasaundha Singh (r. 1748–1767)
* Sangat Singh (r. 1767–1774)
* Mohar Singh (r. 1774–1785)
* Gurbakhsh Singh (r. 1785–1786)
* Daya Kaur (r. 1786–1808 & 1809–1823)
# Defeat into Victory

Defeat into Victory is an account of the retaking of Burma by Allied forces during the Second World War by the British Field Marshal William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim, and published in the UK by Cassell in 1956. It was published in the United States as Defeat into Victory: Battling Japan in Burma and India, 1942–1945 by David McKay of New York in 1961.
Slim was the commander of the British 14th Army, which, in concert with American and Chinese forces, defeated the Imperial Japanese Army during the Burma Campaign. Defeat into Victory is widely regarded as a classic memoir of high command.

## Structure

In the original 1956 edition, Slim divided his work chronologically into six "books" entitled:
* Defeat
* Forging the Weapon
* The Weapon is Tested
* The Tide Turns
* The Decisive Battle
* Victory
This structure, examining the Allied victory in terms of the resurrection of the British and Indian Armies' fighting prowess, has proved influential in the historiography of the Burma campaign. The 1961 edition condensed the content of the original publication into one book, but followed the same structure.

## Critical and popular reception

Defeat into Victory received positive reviews on its publications, being praised for both its insight and the quality of writing, and the fact that Slim was surprisingly candid about the mistakes he made in Burma. In a review in Military Affairs, Frank Trager describes it as "extraordinary" and making "a most valuable contribution to our understanding", and thought it instructive in the light of contemporary American involvement in Vietnam. Louis Morton, writing in The Journal of Modern History, considered it a work of "wisdom, modesty, grace, and deep understanding", and "an outstanding example of the best of British military memoirs".
In The New York Times, the writer John Masters called it "a dramatic story with one principal character and several hundred subordinate characters", and said that it showed that Field Marshal Slim was "an expert soldier and an expert writer." Defeat into Victory was also a considerable commercial success, with the first edition of 20,000 selling out almost immediately, being quickly followed by a second run. The book has been reissued several times since. and has never been out of print.
# Grand Mosque of Chefchaouen

The Grand Mosque of Chefchaouen (Arabic: المسجد الأعظم, romanized: masjid al-ʾaʿaẓam; or الجامع الكبير al-jama ʿal-kabir or الجامع الأكبر al-jamaʿ al-ʾakbar) is the oldest mosque and the main historic Friday mosque of Chefchaouen, Morocco. It is located at the central Place Outa Hammam, near the city's historic kasbah.

## History

The mosque dates from the earliest period of the city after its foundation by Moulay 'Ali ibn Rashid al-Alami, but sources vary (or contradict each other) in citing the exact date of its foundation: some date it to 1471 (the date of the city's foundation), another cites 1475-76 (880 AH), and others date it to the 16th century, particularly under Moulay 'Ali's son Mohammed. Its minaret is believed to date from the late 17th century due to its octagonal shaft and overall similarity to the style of minarets built under Ali ibn Abdallah Errifi (the governor of Tangier under Sultan Moulay Isma'il) such as those of the Kasbah Mosque of Tangier or the Great Mosque of Asilah.
The mosque also has a madrasa which historically offered lessons in religious sciences such as fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and was accompanied by a dormitory for students. As the city's main Friday mosque, it was also the location where the local rulers or governors of Chefchaouen would pledge their allegiance to the Sultan of Morocco and where the decrees of the latter were read publicly. The mosque was restored in the 19th century and again in the 20th century (when the current portal of its main entrance was built). It was most recently restored in 2006.

## Architecture

The mosque occupies an area of around 130 square metres (1,400 sq ft). It consists of a courtyard (sahn), an interior prayer hall, a minaret, a fountain, an ablutions chamber, and a madrasa. the prayer hall is the largest component, consisting of a hypostyle hall with eight "naves" or aisles divided by rows of horseshoe arches running parallel to the southwest qibla wall. Each nave is the width of six arches. The interior is generally undecorated, which is common for other mosques in the city. The hall is roofed with red tiles, in contrast to many of Morocco's mosques whose roofs have green tiles.
The only decorated elements of the mosque are the exterior entrance and the minaret. The minaret, which has an octagonal shaft, is decorated in three tiers or registers, each featuring blind arches with either plain round, polylobyed, or lambrequin profiles. The highest tier also features square panels filled with zellij tiles. Red ochre colour is used for some further decorative details along, while the top of the minaret is whitewashed.
# Bhumka

A Bhumka is the term for a traditional herbal healer in the valley of Patalkot, India. The valley is mainly home to members of the Bharia and Gond tribes, with 2,000 residents scattered between various villages and hamlets. Tribes people traditionally use herbal medicine, under the auspices of a herbal expert and holy man known as a Bhumka.
The indigenous knowledge of herbs and their healing properties has been investigated and scientifically documented by Abhumka Herbal Pvt Ltd. The name of the company Abhumka is derived from Bhumka. The company has worked among the Bhumkas and documented their herbal practices under the supervision of Dr Deepak Acharya. The Bhumkas' herbal healing knowledge is age old and it has been passed from generation to generations. Younger generations from these tribal groups are now interested in knowing the secrets of medicinal plants. Dr Deepak Acharya says, "There is a need of the hour to document Bhumka's herbal knowledge and convert it into cheap, sustainable and eco-friendly products with the help of modern streams of sciences." His company Abhumka Herbal Pvt Ltd has already taken positive steps in these regards.
# Bargain Block

Bargain Block is a reality television show on HGTV following couple Keith Bynum and Evan Thomas as they buy, renovate, and design houses in Detroit. Thomas handles building and construction, while Bynum focuses on design; realtor Shea Hicks-Whitfield co-stars in the show. Bynum and Thomas often live in the houses as they work on them. It is produced by High Noon Entertainment.
Bargain Block premiered on April 14, 2021, with nine episodes. A 10-episode second season was broadcast in 2022, and the third season of Bargain Block began airing in August 2023 and will feature 11 episodes.
Bynum and Thomas were first introduced to television after Bynum appeared in 2017 on an episode of Tiny Paradise ("Tiny House, Mountain Vistas").
Around 2015, Bynum was inspired to flip homes in Detroit after seeing a social media post of someone traveling there and buying ten houses. He and Thomas purchased a home in the city in 2017. They filmed a pilot episode in 2019 and the rest of the first season in 2020, when Hicks-Whitfield was brought into the production. The Detroit Land Bank Authority has said it is "extremely pleased" with the work done by Bynum and Thomas.
Bynum has an MBA from Texas Tech University, and Thomas has a PhD in physics from the University of Colorado Boulder. He and Bynum also operate a store in Detroit called Nine Design + Homes. Previously, in 2011, Bynum operated a home decor company with his sister called JoniKeith Co.
# Orthodox Christian Reformed Churches in North America

The Orthodox Christian Reformed Churches (OCRC) were a theologically conservative federation of churches in the Dutch Reformed tradition in Canada and the United States. OCRC doctrine confessed the Bible to be the Word of God and believe it is faithfully summarized by the Belgic Confession, Heidelberg Catechism, and Canons of Dort. The OCRC was absorbed into the United Reformed Churches in North America in 2008.

## History

The first Orthodox Christian Reformed Church was organized in Listowel, Ontario, in 1979 by families who had left the Christian Reformed Church for doctrinal reasons, especially its Report 44. Rev. Harry Van Dyken was very active in the formation of the federation and founding churches. Congregations also formed in Allendale, Michigan (1979 or 1980); Burlington, Washington (1980); and Toronto, Ontario (1980).
Representatives of these churches began meeting in 1981 to discuss church order and federation. The Orthodox Christian Reformed Churches formally federated in March 1988 with seven congregations. In addition to the four mentioned above, there were congregations in Bowmanville, Ontario (1982); Cambridge, Ontario (1984); and Ripon, California (1985). At its peak about 1995 the federation numbered fifteen churches in two classes, Classis East and Classis West. Almost all the new churches were in the West.
The OCRC federation had two decades of stability and then a decade of decline. In 2004 the Listowel congregation joined the Protestant Reformed Churches in America.
OCRC synod voted in August 2008 to join the United Reformed Churches in North America.

## Beliefs

The Orthodox Christian Reformed Churches believed in the Bible as the inerrant Word of God and the only rule of faith and practice.

### Confessions

These are also called the Three Forms of Unity.
* Belgic Confession of Faith, 1561
* Heidelberg Catechism, 1563
* Canons of Dort, 1618–1619

### Creeds

These are sometimes known as the Ecumenical Creeds.
* Apostles' Creed, circa 150
* Nicene Creed, 381
* Athanasian Creed, 500
# Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs

The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs (DMVA) was established on April 11, 1793, by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. It is overseen by the adjutant general, a cabinet-level position appointed by the governor.
The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs operates its own sworn Police Force at Fort Indiantown Gap. The Fort Indiantown Gap Installation Police enforce Pennsylvania State law and military regulations on State owned/operated property. They are required to be trained in accordance with Act 120 which is administered by the Pennsylvania Municipal Police Officers Education & Training Commission.
The Pennsylvania National Guard is a component of the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. The agency employs more than 2,400 commonwealth employees and approximately 19,000 Pennsylvania National Guard members in more than 90 communities across the commonwealth, ranking it as one of the state's top 10 largest employers.
In November 2015, Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs unveiled an online application that allows people to donate directly to its veterans programs, including the Veterans' Trust Fund and Military Family Relief Assistance Program.
# Kevin Blechdom

Kevin Blechdom (born Kristin Grace Erickson; 1978 in Florida) is an American experimental electronic musician and performance artist. She is based in Santa Cruz, California.

## Early life and education

Kristin Grace Erickson was born in 1978 in Florida and raised in Stuart, Florida. She studied piano and classical music at Florida State University however she was unhappy with the nature of her studies and transferred to Mills College in 1997 to study experimental music. She has a BA degree and MFA degree in electronic music from Mills College.
While she attended Mills College in Oakland, California, she co-founded Blectum from Blechdom with Blevin Blectum (born Bevin Kelley), an experimental electronic group. The two performed together as Blectum from Blechdom for four years, ending in 2002 when Blechdom moved to Berlin, Germany. Blechdom's work changed when she started creating music solo, becoming more personal and about heartbreak.
In 2013, Blectum received a Doctorate of Musical Arts degree in the Performer-Composer Program from the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts).

## Career

Blechdom played in an art-rock band, Adult Rodeo, with her brother lumberob, a.k.a. Rob Erickson, and his wife mephany stankins. They released records on Shimmy Disc and Four States Fair.
Kevin Blechdom's solo release Eat My Heart Out features a 13-minute "musical movie" called Countdown to Nothing, a collaboration with Lucile Desamory.
Blechdom produced two albums for New York City anti-folk/cabaret group Ching Chong Song; their debut album, Little Naked Gay Adventure, and their second album, Everything is for Babies.
Blechdom recorded, toured, and performed with Eugene Chadbourne in 2007.
Blechdom also performs with Christopher Fleeger as the computer-country band Barnwave.
She collaborated with Chicks on Speed on the song "Wordy Rappinghood" from their album 99 Cents in 2003 along with other female musicians such as Miss Kittin, Le Tigre, Adult.'s Nicola Kuperus, and Tina Weymouth of the Tom Tom Club. "Wordy Rappinghood" became a moderate dance hit in Europe, peaking at number five on the Belgian Dance Chart, and at number sixty-six on the UK Singles Chart.

## Honors and awards

In 2011 she was artist in residence at WORM, a Rotterdam-based institute for avant garde music and art.
In 2001, Blectum From Blechdom won an Award of Distinction for digital music at the Prix Ars Electronica.

## Discography

* 2001 – I Heart Presets - CD EP on Tigerbeat6
* 2001 – The Inside Story - 3" CD on Tigerbeat6
* 2002 – Jelly Donuts - 7" vinyl on Four States Fair Records
* 2002 – And The Tempo Of Doom - 7" vinyl on Unbearable Recordings
* 2003 – Your Butt - on Dudini
* 2003 – Bitches Without Britches - CD album on Chicks on Speed Records
* 2005 – Eat My Heart Out - CD album on Chicks on Speed Records
* 2006 - Kevin Blechdom Live At PBS - CD on Dual Plover
* 2008 – The Children's Suite, with Ad Hawk - 7" vinyl on Dual Plover
* 2009 – Gentlemania - CD album on Sonig
# Battle of the Ex Besties

Battle of the Ex Besties is a reality competition show that premiered on Oxygen on February 14, 2017. Filmed in late 2016, the series featured 7 pairs of former best friends competing together to win a $100,000 prize. The cast included former Bad Girls Club cast members Danni Victor and Judi JaI.

## Contestants

| Contestants | Team Name | Outcome |
| Katy & Christy | KChris | 1st |
| Melissa & Trevor | Trelissa | 2nd |
| Deandra & Tiaramy | Tiandra | 3rd |
| Jasmine & Lauren | Jasren | 4th |
| Ashonti & Melanie | Ashanie | 5th |
| Erika & Jenny | Jenika | 6th |
| Danni & Judi | Dandi | 7th |

## Weekly progress

| Contestants | Contestants | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes | Episodes |
| Contestants | Contestants | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| | Katy & Christy | 1st | 2nd | 1st | N/A | 1st | 2nd | Safe | 1st |
| | Melissa & Trevor | 5th | 5th | N/A | 2nd | 6th | N/A | 1st | 2nd |
| | Deandra & Tiaramy | 3rd | 3rd | 5th | 5th | 4th | 1st | Safe | 3rd |
| | Jasmine & Lauren | 4th | 4th | N/A | 6th | 3rd | 5th | 2nd | 4th |
| | Ashonti & Melanie | 6th | 1st | 6th | 1st | 2nd | N/A | 3rd | |
| | Erika & Jenny | 2nd | 6th | N/A | N/A | 5th | 6th | | |
| | Danni & Judi | 7th | 7th | | | | | | |

### Table key

    The team won the final competition
    The team lost the final competition
    The team won first place in that week's challenge
    The team did not have to compete that week's challenge
    The team was in danger of being eliminated
    The team was eliminated from the competition
    The team was originally eliminated, but was saved

### Notes

* 1 2 3 In Episodes 3, 4 and 6 only the winning team and the bottom 2 teams were revealed
* ↑ In Episode 7, since Deandra & Tiaramy and Katy & Chrissy never finished last in a challenge, they did not have to compete in that week's challenge and automatically advanced to the finals

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Original release date | U.S. viewers (millions) |
| 1 | "Ex-Bestie Baggage" | February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14) | N/A |
| 2 | "Worst. Night. Ever." | February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21) | 0.16 |
| 3 | "Survival of the Fittest" | February 28, 2017 (2017-02-28) | 0.15 |
| 4 | "Run for Your Money" | March 7, 2020 (2020-03-07) | N/A |
| 5 | "K-Town Run Around" | March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14) | 0.16 |
| 6 | "What a Beach" | March 21, 2017 (2017-03-21) | 0.15 |
| 7 | "Muddy Buddies" | March 28, 2017 (2017-03-28) | 0.16 |
| 8 | "Roll of a Lifetime" | April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04) | 0.14 |
# Sex, Love & Pain

Sex, Love & Pain is the third studio album by American R&B singer-songwriter Tank. It was released on May 15, 2007, by Blackground Records and Universal Motown Records. The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200, selling 103,000 copies in its first week, while reaching number 1 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Tank's first album to have a Parental Advisory sticker, Sex, Love & Pain was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards. Its first single was "Please Don't Go", followed by "Heartbreaker".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| About | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B− |
AllMusic wrote that the album contained "smooth urban contemporary grooves tailor-made for deep, soulful seduction."

## Personnel

Credits for Sex, Love & Pain adapted from Allmusic.
# Ce silence

"Ce silence" (English translation: "This silence") is a pop rap duo recorded in 2005 by Canadian singer Natasha St-Pier and French singer Frédéric Chateau. It was released as a commercial single in 2005 (Canada) and 2006 (Europe).

## Writing and production

The music was composed by Frédéric Chateau (using the pseudonym "Asdorve"), while the lyrics were written by Chateau and Natasha St-Pier. The song was produced by Chateau, Volodia and Pascal Obispo. It was initially released as a separate single in Canada in 2005. After appearing on Natasha St-Pier´s fifth album Longueur d'ondes (2006), it was released in Europe as the second single released from the album (19 June 2006).
The song was included in the greatest hits album Tu trouveras... 10 ans de succès (Best of), released in November 2009, where it appeared as the twelfth track.

## Content

The song is a duet, combining a solo by St-Pier in pop ballad style with a rap backing track by Frédéric Chateau. The rap lyrics of the male singer (Chateau) repeat themes of despair, self-isolation and indifference to others: J’m’enferme dans ma bulle, je n’regarde personne dans les couloirs de mon esprit ('I enclose myself in my bubble, I look at no-one in the corridors of my mind'). In response, the female singer reiterates her love for him and her determination to break into his self-isolation: Ton indifférence m’est la pire des souffrances ('Your indifference is the worst of suffering to me').
The accompanying video reinforces the themes in the lyrics. The male singer is hunched up in duplicated images within a transparent bubble. The woman initially sings looking into the bubble, but then dives into it and swims toward the man to rescue him.

## Chart performance

The single was released first in Canada in 2005. In France, the single started at number 30 in the charts from 24 June 2006, climbed to number 28, remaining in the top 100 for a total of 18 weeks. In Belgium (Wallonia), the single started at number 37 on 8 July 2006, and climbed to number 25, remaining 11 weeks in the charts. The single was also released in Poland, after the good reception there of the previous single ""Un Ange Frappe A Ma Porte".
| Chart (2006) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 25 |
| France (SNEP) | 28 |
# Peyton-Jones

Peyton-Jones or Peyton Jones may refer to:
* Julia Peyton-Jones (born 1952), British art director
* Simon Peyton Jones (born 1958), British computer scientist
* Samuel "Fireman Sam" Peyton-Jones, the titular character of Fireman Sam
# Air France Flight 406

Air France Flight 406 was a Lockheed L-1649 Starliner that crashed in French Algeria on May 10, 1961, after a bomb exploded on board. All 78 passengers and crew on board were killed. It was the deadliest aviation disaster involving a Lockheed Starliner.

## Flight

Air France Flight 406 was an international scheduled passenger flight originating in Brazzaville, Congo, on a route with the final destination Marignane Airport, France. Intermediate stops were Fort Lamy, Chad, and Marseille, France. The flight was flown by a Lockheed L-1649 Starliner, F-BHBM De Grasse.
After taking off from Fort Lamy, and while cruising at an altitude of approximately 20,000 feet (6,100 m), the Starliner broke up after its empennage failed. The plane crashed to earth approximately 35 miles (56 km) from Edjele oilfield, near the Libya border. All aboard Flight 406 were killed.
Eighteen children were among the dead. Among them were the three young children of the United States Charge d'Affaires in the Central African Republic, who, along with their mother (the charge's wife), were on Flight 406 headed for London. Also among the dead were a count and countess, plus two Central African Republic government ministers. Rumors began to surface after Flight 406's crash that it had been an assassination by enemies of the Central African Republic.

## Investigation

The most probable cause of Air France Flight 406 crashing was sabotage with a nitrocellulose explosive.