# Wageningen

Wageningen (Dutch pronunciation: ) is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of 39,635 in 2021, of which many thousands are students from over 150 countries.

## Demographics
### Inhabitants by nationality

71,68% is Dutch, 28,32% has a migration background.

## Geography

Wageningen is situated on the north bank of the Nederrijn (the Dutch portion of the Lower Rhine) part of the Gelderse Valley [fy; li; nds-nl; nl; zea] and the Veluwe, of which the southwest hill is called the Wageningse Berg. Wageningen can be reached by car from highways A12 via the N781, A15 via the N233 and N225, and A50 via the N225, and from the Ede-Wageningen railway station via a 20-minute bus drive to the Wageningen central terminal (see below).$^,$
Topographic map of the municipality of Wageningen, July 2013 (click to enlarge)

## History

The oldest known settlements in the Wageningen area were located north of today's town centre. They were mentioned as early as 828. During the early Middle Ages a small church was built on the hill east of the town. Several wood farms have been found near the top of the hill. In the twelfth century people settled at what is currently the Bergstraat. Close to Hotel de Wereld a stone floor has been found dating back to this period. After the construction of a dike to protect the city from the acidic water from the moors that then occupied the Gelderse Vallei (the current Hoogstraat), the oldest part of the present city was built to the south. The parts of the city north of the Hoogstraat were built later. Wageningen received city rights in 1263. The city was protected by a city wall and a moat, and in 1526 a castle was built. The castle was dismantled during the 18th century, but the foundations of three of the towers and part of the wall remain visible today.
The people, city, and institutions of Wageningen suffered greatly during World War II. The central part of Wageningen was destroyed by artillery fire soon after the German invasion of the country in May 1940. The town is also famous for its role at the end of the war: Wageningen was the site of the surrender of Oberbefehlshaber Niederlande supreme commander Generaloberst Johannes Blaskowitz, to I Canadian Corps commander Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes, on 5 May 1945, officially ending the war in the Netherlands. The generals negotiated the terms of surrender in the Hotel de Wereld, near the center of the city. Now, each year on 5 May, celebrated as Liberation Day in the Netherlands, Wageningen hosts a large festival. On this occasion, veteran soldiers parade through the city and are honoured for their service, and around 120,000 people visit the pop-podia around the city.

## Education and research

In 1918 the town acquired its first institution of higher education, the Landbouwhogeschool Nederland (Netherlands Agricultural College), which was based on the previous agricultural college founded in 1876, and which later became Wageningen University. This initiated the development from a small historical town into a modern technological community, a process which still continues today.
Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), including associated institutes, now employs about 7400 people.
Today, Wageningen is also the central city in Food Valley, the Dutch food & nutrition cluster concentrated around WUR, and comprising many institutes, companies and facilities in the food & nutrition field. Food Valley is regarded as the largest food & nutrition Research & Development cluster in the world. One such firm, Keygene, a plant research company in Wageningen, developed AFLP in the early 1990s and collaborated with Beijing Genomics Institute to sequence the entire genome of Brassica napus.

## Sports teams

The city had its own professional football (soccer) club, FC Wageningen, which won the KNVB Cup twice. The club went bankrupt in 1992 and played its last match in May 1992 against NAC Breda.
The city is also home to the largest Korfball club in the country, KV Wageningen.

## Traffic and transport

Wageningen is situated on the N225 provincial road, between Driebergen and Arnhem. The N781 provincial road connects Wageningen to the A12 national highway, to the north of the city. A small ferry (for cars, bikes, and pedestrians) crosses the Nederrijn to the south of the city, at Lexkesveer; from there, drivers can connect to the A15 national highway, via the N836 provincial road.
Several firms provide public bus service in and to Wageningen. From the Wageningen central bus terminal, lines connect to Rhenen, Tiel, Veenendaal, Utrecht, Oosterbeek, and Arnhem, and the Ede-Wageningen railway station. Further connections via bus, including to the Hoge Veluwe National Park and the Kröller-Müller Museum, also may be made at the Ede-Wageningen station. Bus service includes the following:
| Line | Route | Carrier | Details |
| 44 | Wageningen – Rhenen NS – Kesteren NS – Lienden - Maurik - Tiel NS | Arriva | |
| 45 | Wageningen – Rhenen NS – Kesteren NS – Ochten - Tiel NS | Arriva | |
| 50 | Wageningen – Rhenen Station NS – Els – Amerongen – Leersum – Doorn – Driebergen-Zeist NS – Utrecht CS | Connexxion | |
| 51 | Wageningen – Renkum – Heelsum – Doorwerth – Heveadorp – Oosterbeek – Arnhem CS | Breng | |
| 352 | Wageningen – Renkum – Heelsum – Oosterbeek – Arnhem CS | Breng | |
| 53 | Wageningen – Renkum – Heteren – Driel – NS Station Arnhem Zuid – Winkelcentrum Kronenburg | Breng | |
| 80 | Wageningen – Rhenen Station NS – Veenendaal centrum – Veenendaal de Klomp NS – Renswoude – Scherpenzeel – Woudenberg – Leusden – Amersfoort CS | Connexxion | |
| 84 | Wageningen – Wageningen Campus – Gelderse Vallei Ziekenhuis – Ede-Wageningen NS | Syntus Gelderland | Part of the Valleilijn |
| 86 | Wageningen – Bennekom – Ede-Wageningen NS | Syntus Gelderland | |
| 88 | Wageningen – Wageningen Hoevestein - Gelderse Vallei Ziekenhuis – Ede-Wageningen NS | Syntus Gelderland | Part of the Valleilijn |
| N52 - Night bus | Arnhem Willemsplein – Wageningen | Breng | Only Saturday night |

## Politics
### Municipal council

Composition of the Wageningen municipal council since 1982:
Municipal council seats :
| Party | 1982 | 1986 | 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2018 | 2022 |
| GroenLinks* | - | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 8 |
| Stadspartij Wageningen | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| D66 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 3 |
| VVD | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| PvdA | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| Connect Wageningen | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 |
| ChristenUnie** | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| CDA | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| SP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| PSP-CPN-PPR | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| RPF-SGP | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
*Participated in 1986 with the name PPCE, the abbreviation of PSP-PPR-CPN-EVP. **Participated in 1998 as a combination of the RPF and the GPV.

### Mayor

Wageningen's mayor Floor Vermeulen (m) (VVD), will be installed on Friday 18 June 2021.

## Notable residents

* Johannes de Raey (1622 in Wageningen – 1702) a Dutch philosopher, an early Cartesian
* Gerrit Zegelaar (1719 – 1794 in Wageningen) a Dutch painter
* August Falise (1875 in Wageningen – 1936) was a Dutch sculptor and minter of medals
* Li Edelkoort (born 1950 in Wageningen) a Dutch fashion and design trend forecaster
* Eline Flipse (born 1954 in Wageningen) a film director of documentaries
* Alexander Pechtold (born 1965), politician, former local Mayor, lives in Wageningen
* Jeroen Dijsselbloem (born 1966) a Dutch politician and economist, went to Wageningen University 1985/1991
* Lisa Hordijk (born 1987 in Wageningen) a Dutch singer, won the second season of X Factor.
* Nikkie de Jager (born 1994 in Wageningen) a Dutch makeup artist, beauty vlogger, and co-host of Eurovision Song Contest 2021
* Volkert van der Graaf (born 1969 in Middelburg, Zeeland), environmental activist and convicted left-wing terrorist and murderer, attended Wageningen University and lived at the Droevendaal student commune. In 2002, shot and killed politician Pim Fortuyn.

### Sport

* Aletta van Manen (born 1958 in Wageningen) a retired Dutch field hockey defender, team gold medallist at the 1984 Summer Olympics
* Ed van Es (born 1959 in Wageningen) a former water polo player, competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics
* Annelies Maas (born 1960 in Wageningen) freestyle swimmer, bronze medallist at the 1980 Summer Olympics
* Jacqueline Toxopeus (born 1964 in Wageningen) a former Dutch field hockey goalkeeper
* Bart Voskamp (born 1968 in Wageningen) a retired road bicycle racer
* Annemiek van Vleuten (born 1982 in Vleuten) a Dutch road racing cyclist
* Botic van de Zandschulp (born 1995 in Wageningen) a Dutch tennis player, was in the quarterfinals 2021 US Open

## Places of interest

(Including nearby)
* International Club Association
* Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Oosterbeek
* Botanical Gardens in Wageningen
* De Casteelse Poort Museum
* Het Depot Museum
* Hoge Veluwe National Park, Ede
* Hotel de Wereld
* Kröller-Müller Museum, Ede/Otterlo
* Netherlands Open Air Museum, Arnhem
* Ouwehands Zoo, Rhenen
* Wageningen University Campus

## Twin towns

Wageningen has two twin towns:
* Gödöllő, Hungary and
* Mörfelden-Walldorf, Germany
The city has a project relation with the towns: Zhangzhou, China and Ndiza, (Rwanda).

## Gallery

* Main church of Wageningen
* Hotel de Wereld
* Old city ruins of the castle and city walls
* Schip van Blaauw
* 't Venster
* Panorama of the Rhine river in Wageningen