# Chanthaburi province

Chanthaburi (Thai: จันทบุรี, pronounced; Chong: จันกะบูย chankabui, lit. 'Lady Chan, who wears a pan on her head') is one of seven provinces (changwat) in eastern Thailand, on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia, on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong, Chonburi, Chachoengsao, and Sa Kaeo to the west and north.

## History

The indigenous people of the Chanthaburi region are the Chong. The Chong have lived in the area since the Ayutthaya Kingdom, and are thought to have been early inhabitants of Cambodia, possibly pre-dating the Khmer. In Chanthaburi province, the Chong predominantly inhabit the districts of Khao Khitchakut, Pong Nam Ron, and Makham.
After the Paknam crisis in 1893, French colonial troops occupied Chanthaburi, returning it in 1905 when Thailand gave up ownership of the western part of Cambodia. A significant minority of Chanthaburi citizens are ethnic Vietnamese, who came there in three waves: first in the 19th century during anti-Catholic persecutions in Cochin China; a second wave in the 1920s to 1940s fleeing French Indochina; and a third wave after the communist victory in Vietnam in 1975. The town of Chanthaburi has been the seat of a Bishop of Chanthaburi since 1944.
Chanthaburi once used to be an important source of gemstones, especially rubies and sapphires. While the Chantaboon Waterfront Community was developed over three centuries ago during the reign of King Narai along the banks of the River Mae Nam Chantaburi. It was an essential transportation and trade hub. Over the years, the Chantaboon Waterfront Community had lost its sheen. However, in the recent decade, the locals with the help of Thai officials have contributed to its revival as a major destination for cultural tourism.

## Geography

While the southern part of the province is on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand and thus is mostly coastal alluvial plains, the interior of the province is mountainous. The Chanthaburi Mountains in the north has the highest elevation in the province, the 1,675 m high Khao Soi Dao Tai peak. The main river of the province is the Chanthaburi River. The total forest area is 2,076 km$^2$ (802 sq mi) or 32.4 percent of provincial area. Together with the neighboring province, Trat, Chanthaburi is a center of gemstone mining, especially rubies and sapphires. Tropical fruits are also among the main products of the province. In 2000, it produced nearly 380,000 tonnes of durian, which was 45.57 percent of Thailand's durian production, approximately 27 percent of the entire world's production.

### National parks

There area four national parks, along with three other national parks, make up region 2 (Si Racha) of Thailand's protected areas.
* Namtok Phlio National Park, 135 km$^2$ (52 sq mi)$^{:11}$
* Khao Sip Ha Chan National Park, 118 km$^2$ (46 sq mi)$^{:122}$
* Khao Chamao–Khao Wong National Park, 84 km$^2$ (32 sq mi)$^{:13}$
* Khao Khitchakut National Park, 59 km$^2$ (23 sq mi)$^{:14}$

### Wildlife sanctuaries

There are three wildlife sanctuaries, along with one other wildlife sanctuary, make up region 2 (Si Racha) of Thailand's protected areas.
* Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, 1,079 km$^2$ (417 sq mi)$^{:3}$
* Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, 745 km$^2$ (288 sq mi)$^{:1}$
* Khlong Kruea Wai Wildlife Sanctuary, 265 km$^2$ (102 sq mi)$^{:2}$

## Symbols

The provincial seal shows the moon surrounded by an aura. Inside the moon disc is a rabbit, as in Thai folklore the dark areas on the moon (maria) form the shape of a rabbit. The seal symbolizes the peace and tranquility of the province. The moon also refers to the meaning of the province, "City of Moon", from Chantha- (Thai: จันท-, lit. 'moon') and buri (Thai: บุรี, lit. 'city').
The flag of the province also shows the seal in the middle, a white rabbit on a yellow moon disc, on a blue disc. The background of the flag is red, with the name of province in yellow written below the seal.
The provincial tree is Diospyros decandra. The provincial flower is an orchid (Dendrobium friedericksianum). The brackish fish flagfin prawn goby (Mahidolia mystacina) is the provincial aquatic animal, what with Chanthaburi is the type locality.
The provincial slogan is "Renowned waterfalls. Town of fruit. Good pepper. Bountiful jewels. Chanthaboon Mats. Rich in nature. King Taksin the Great reunited the people and reclaimed our independence at Chanthaburi".

## Administrative divisions
### Provincial government

The province is divided into 10 districts (amphoes). These are further subdivided into 76 subdistricts (tambons) and 690 villages (mubans).
* Mueang Chanthaburi
* Khlung
* Tha Mai
* Pong Nam Ron
* Makham
* Laem Sing
* Soi Dao
* Kaeng Hang Maeo
* Na Yai Am
* Khao Khitchakut

### Local government

As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Chanthaburi Provincial Administration Organisation (transl. th – transl. ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 47 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Chanthaburi, Chanthanimit, Khlung, Tha Chang and Tha Mai have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 42 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 34 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

## Transportation
### Roads

Highway 3 (Sukhumvit Road) passes near Chanthaburi and connects to Rayong, Pattaya, Chonburi, and Bangkok to the northwest and Trat to the southeast. Route 317 connects Chanthaburi to Sa Kaeo.

### Air

There is no airport in Chanthaburi. The nearest airport is Trat Airport, 66 km from the center of Chanthaburi.

## Human achievement index 2022

| Health | Education | Employment | Income |
| 63 | 27 | 45 | 29 |
| Housing | Family | Transport | Participation |
| 49 | 38 | 70 | 38 |
| Province Chanthaburi, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6323 is "somewhat low", occupies place 49 in the ranking. ||||
Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.
| Rank | Classification |
| 1–13 | "High" |
| 14–29 | "Somewhat high" |
| 30–45 | "Average" |
| 46–61 | "Somewhat low" |
| 62–77 | "Low" |
* Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings

## Health

Chanthaburi's main hospital is Prapokklao Hospital, operated by the Ministry of Public Health.

## Local food

* Mu chamuang (หมูชะมวง): a curry is made from pork belly, herbs and sour grape apple shimba Chamuang (Garcinia cowa) leaves which is a popular dish of Chanthaburi and other provinces in eastern region.
* Kuaytiew mu liang (ก๋วยเตี๋ยวหมูเลียง): stewed pork noodles in Rĕw (Amomum villosum) herbal thicken soup which is unique local food.
* Khanom khuai ling (ขนมควยลิง): traditional dessert of Chanthaburi with a long history, its name literally means "monkey's dick snack".
* Kuaytiew sen chan pad pu (ก๋วยเตี๋ยวเส้นจันท์ผัดปู): a kind of Pad thai that uses Chanthaburi's rice noodles stir-fried with crab meat.
* Pathongko jim nam jim (ปาท่องโก๋จิ้มน้ำจิ้ม): Chinese deep-fried dough stick, or locally known as pathongko eaten with sweet and sour dipping sauce.
* Kaeng som bai sundan (แกงส้มใบสันดาน): a variation of Thai spicy and sour curry Kaeng som with leaves of a plant called Sundan (สันดาน, Cissus hastata), a species of liana. Selected by the Department of Cultural Promotion to be the provincial menu.