# Hazaribagh district

Hazaribagh district is one of the oldest districts of Jharkhand state, India and the district headquarter located in Hazaribagh town. It is located in the north east part of North Chotanagpur Division. The boundary of this district consists of districts of Gaya (BIHAR) and Koderma in the north, Giridih and Bokaro in the east, Ramgarh in the south and Chatra in the west.

## Etymology

The district is named after its headquarters, the town of Hazaribagh. The name, Hazaribagh consists of two Persian words, hazar meaning "one thousand", and bagh meaning "garden" - so, the literal meaning of Hazaribagh is 'a city of one thousand gardens'. According to Sir John Houlton, a veteran British administrator, the town takes its name from the small villages of Okni and Hazari – shown in old maps as Ocunhazry. The last syllable in its name probably originated in a mango-grove, which formed a camping ground for troops and travellers marching along the ‘new military road’ from Kolkata to Varanasi, constructed in 1782 and the following years.

## History

There are ancient Cave Paintings in Isko, Hazaribagh district which are from Meso-chalcolithic period (9,000-5,000 BC). There is a group of megaliths found close to Barkagaon that is about 25 km from Hazaribagh town at Punkri Barwadih, which has been proven to date back to beyond 3000 BCE.
In 1872, Hazaribagh district had area of 7,021 square miles (18,180 km$^2$) with 771,875 inhabitants. After that many area of the district are curved out as separate district, viz, On 6 December 1972, Giridih district was split from Hazaribagh. In 1999 this happened again with the creation of Chatra and Koderma. Hazaribagh left Bihar when Jharkhand was formed on 15 November 2000. On 12 September 2007, yet another district was created from Hazaribagh's territory: Ramgarh.

## Economy

Coal is the major mineral found in this district. This significant coal deposit reserves of this district include Charhi, Kuju, Ghato Tand and Barkagaon of North Karanpura Coalfield. The coal mines are the main source of livelihood for the residents of this district. People of this district are known to be very hard working.
Patratu and Bhurkunda was also coal mines areas of Hazaribagh but it is now in Ramgarh district.
In 2006, the Indian government named Hazaribagh one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

## Administration
### Blocks/Mandals

Hazaribag district consists of 16 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in Hazaribagh district:
* Barhi Block
* Dadi Block
* Barkatha Block
* Daru Block
* Bishnugarh Block
* Katkamdag Block
* Barkagaon Block
* Katkamsandi Block
* Chauparan Block
* Ichak Block
* Padma Block
* Churchu Block
* Sadar Block
* Chalkusha Block
* Tati Jhariya Block
* Keredari Block
The district is divided into two sub-divisions: Hazaribagh and Barhi.
Hazaribagh sub-division comprises 11 blocks: Sadar, Hazaribagh, Katkamsandi, Bishnugarh, Barkagaon, Keredari, Ichak, Churchu, Daru, Tati Jhariya, Katkamdag and Dadi.
Barhi sub-division comprises 5 blocks: Padma, Barhi, Chauparan, Barkatha and Chalkusha.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1901 | 241,612 | — |
| 1911 | 264,297 | +9.4% |
| 1921 | 261,915 | −0.9% |
| 1931 | 311,227 | +18.8% |
| 1941 | 359,218 | +15.4% |
| 1951 | 397,342 | +10.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1961 | 498,034 | +25.3% |
| 1971 | 643,086 | +29.1% |
| 1981 | 854,377 | +32.9% |
| 1991 | 1,101,171 | +28.9% |
| 2001 | 1,378,881 | +25.2% |
| 2011 | 1,734,495 | +25.8% |
Source: Census of India :
According to the 2011 census, Hazaribagh district has a population of 1,734,495, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gives it a ranking of 279th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 488 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,260/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.75%. Hazaribagh has a sex ratio of 946 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.75%. 15.87% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.50% and 7.02% of the total population respectively.
Religion in Hazaribagh district (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 80.56% | 80.56% |
| Islam | Islam | 16.21% | 16.21% |
| Sarna | Sarna | 1.97% | 1.97% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.99% | 0.99% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.27% | 0.27% |
Hindus make up 80.56% of the population, while Muslims make up 16.21%. Sarna makes 1.97% of the population, Christians are 0.99%.
* Khortha 61.58 (61.6%)
* Hindi 23.59 (23.6%)
* Urdu 7.73 (7.73%)
* Santali 3.48 (3.48%)
* Others (Including Bengali, Bhojpuri, Nagpuri) 3.62 (3.62%)
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 61.58% of the population in the district spoke Khortha, 23.59% Hindi, 7.73% Urdu and 3.48% Santali as their first language. There is also a small population of Bengali speaking community who are one of the early settlers of the region.

## Politics

| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance |
| Hazaribagh | 20 | Barkatha | Amit Kumar Yadav | Bharatiya Janata Party | NDA |
| Hazaribagh | 21 | Barhi | Manoj Yadav | Bharatiya Janata Party | NDA |
| Hazaribagh | 24 | Mandu | Nirmal Mahto | All Jharkhand Students Union | NDA |
| Hazaribagh | 25 | Hazaribagh | Pradip Prasad | Bharatiya Janata Party | NDA |
There are 4 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Barkatha, Barhi, Mandu and Hazaribagh. All of these are part of Hazaribagh Lok Sabha constituency.