# List of political parties in Finland

This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.
Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the parties usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.
Political parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät) which usually vote with non-absolute party discipline.
Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units in the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups (independents).
Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge. Among these conditions are:
* that the primary purpose of the association is to affect governmental affairs,
* that it has received at least 5,000 votes in any parliamentary, municipal, county, or European Parliament election,
* that the association's rules secure the following of democratic principles in its decision making and activities,
* and that it has a general program based on these rules which expresses the association's principles and goals regarding its actions in governmental affairs.
A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from its supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register, but may apply again.

## Parliamentary parties

| Party | Party | Ideology | MPs | MEPs | CCs | Leader | Founded |
| National Coalition Party Kansallinen Kokoomus (Samlingspartiet) | Finnish: Kok Swedish: Saml | Liberal conservatism | 48 / 200 | 4 / 15 | 1,552 / 8,859 | Petteri Orpo | 1918 |
| Finns Party Perussuomalaiset (Sannfinländarna) | Finnish: PS Swedish: Sannf | National conservatism Right-wing populism | 46 / 200 | 1 / 15 | 1,351 / 8,859 | Riikka Purra | 1995 |
| Social Democratic Party Sosialidemokraatit (Socialdemokraterna) | SDP SD | Social democracy | 43 / 200 | 2 / 15 | 1,451 / 8,859 | Antti Lindtman | 1899 |
| Centre Party Suomen Keskusta (Centern i Finland) | Finnish: Kesk Swedish: C | Agrarianism (Nordic) Liberalism | 22 / 200 | 2 / 15 | 2,445 / 8,859 | Antti Kaikkonen | 1906 |
| Green League Vihreä liitto (Gröna förbundet) (Ruoná lihttu) (Ruánáá litto) (Ruânn lett) | Vihr | Green politics Green liberalism | 13 / 200 | 2 / 15 | 433 / 8,859 | Sofia Virta | 1987 |
| Left Alliance Vasemmistoliitto (Vänsterförbundet) | Finnish: Vas Swedish: VF | Democratic socialism Eco-socialism | 11 / 200 | 3 / 15 | 508 / 8,859 | Minja Koskela | 1990 |
| Swedish People's Party Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (Svenska folkpartiet) | Swedish: SFP Finnish: RKP R | Liberalism Swedish-speaking minority interests | 9 / 200 | 1 / 15 | 463 / 8,859 | Anders Adlercreutz | 1906 |
| Christian Democrats Kristillisdemokraatit (Kristdemokraterna) | KD | Christian democracy Social conservatism | 5 / 200 | 0 / 15 | 311 / 8,859 | Sari Essayah | 1958 |
| Movement Now Liike Nyt (Rörelse Nu) | Finnish: Liik Swedish: RN | Economic liberalism | 1 / 200 | 0 / 15 | 49 / 8,859 | Harry Harkimo | 2018 |

## Extra-parliamentary parties
### Registered

Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.
| Party | Party | Ideology | CCs | Leader | Founded |
| Animal Justice Party Eläinoikeuspuolue (Djurrättspartiet) | EOP | Animal rights | 0 | Tatu Chanth | 2015 |
| Power Belongs to the People Valta kuuluu kansalle | VKK | Finnish ultranationalism Vaccine hesitancy | 0 | Antti Asikainen | 2021 |
| Crystal Party Kristallipuolue (Kristall Parti) | Kristall | Spirituality Anti-lockdown | 0 | Sanna Seesvalo | 2013 |
| Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue (Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) | SKP | Communism Marxism–Leninism | 0 | Liisa Taskinen | 1994 |
| The Open Party Avoin Puolue | AP | Liberalism Open government | 0 | Thierry Botty van den Bruele | 2020 |
| Freedom Alliance Vapauden liitto | VL | Right-wing populism National conservatism | 0 | Ossi Tiihonen | 2022 |
| Truth Party Totuuspuolue | TP | National conservatism Russophilia | 0 | Jaana Kavonius | 2023 |
| Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose Liberaalipuolue - Vapaus valita (Liberalpartiet - Frihet att välja) | Lib | Classical liberalism Economic liberalism | 0 | Lassi Kivinen | 2015 |

### De-registered

The parties listed below have previously held the status of a registered party, but have been de-registered.
| Party | Party | Ideology | Leader | Founded |
| Blue-and-Black Movement Sinimusta Liike | SML | Neo-fascism | Tuukka Kuru | 2021 |
| Kansalaisliitto Kansalaisliitto (Medborgarförbundet) | KaL | Direct democracy Economic democracy | Päivi Järnfors | 1994 |
| Pirate Party Piraattipuolue (Piratpartiet) | Pir | Pirate politics Social liberalism | Marek Nečada | 2008 |
| Feminist Party Feministinen puolue (Feministiska partiet) | FP | Feminism | Lauri Alhojärvi | 2016 |
| Communist Workers' Party Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue (Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet) | KTP | Communism Marxism–Leninism | Sanni Riihiaho | 1988 |
| Change 2011 Muutos 2011 (Förändring 2011) | M11 | Direct democracy Populism | | 2009 |

## Historical parties
### Parliamentary historical parties

| Party | Founded | Dissolved |
| Finnish Party Suomalainen Puolue Finska Partiet | 1863 | 1918 |
| Young Finnish Party Nuorsuomalainen Puolue Ungfinska Partiet | 1894 | 1918 |
| Christian Workers' Union of Finland Suomen Kristillisen Työväen Liitto, KTL Kristliga Arbetarförbundet | 1906 | 1922 |
| People's Party [fi] Kansanpuolue Folkpartiet | 1917 | 1918 |
| Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP Finlands Kommunistiska Parti, FKP | 1918 | 1992 |
| National Progressive Party Kansallinen Edistyspuolue Framstegspartiet | 1918 | 1951 |
| Liberal Swedish Party Svenska frisinnade partiet Ruotsalainen vapaamielinen puolue | 1919 | 1951 |
| Patriotic People's Movement Isänmaallinen kansanliike Fosterländska folkrörelsen | 1932 | 1944 |
| People's Party Kansanpuolue Folkpartiet | 1932 | 1936 |
| Finnish People's Democratic League Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk, DFFF | 1945 | 1990 |
| Liberal League Vapaamielisten liitto De Frisinnades Förbund | 1951 | 1965 |
| Liberals Liberaalit Liberalerna | 1965 | 2011 |
| Finnish People's Unity Party Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue, SKYP Enhetspartiet för Finlands Folk, EFF | 1972 | 1983 |
| Constitutional Right Party Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue, POP Konstitutionella högerpartiet | 1973 | 1992 |
| Democratic Alternative Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto, Deva Demokratiskt Alternativ, DA | 1986 | 1990 |
| Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta Det Eko-Brokiga Partiet | 1988 | 2003 |
| People's Party of Finland Suomen Kansanpuolue Finska folkpartiet | 1951 | 1965 |
| Reform Group Remonttiryhmä Reformgruppen | 1998 | 2001 |
| Finnish Rural Party Suomen Maaseudun Puolue, SMP Finlands landsbygdsparti, FLP | 1959 | 1995 |
| Small Farmers Party Pienviljelijäin Puolue Småbrukarpartiet | 1936 | 1954 |
| Small Farmers' Party of Finland Suomen Pienviljelijäin Puolue Småbrukarpartiet | 1929 | 1936 |
| Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders Sosialistinen työväen ja pienviljelijöiden vaalijärjestö, STPV Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti | 1924 | 1930 |
| Socialist Workers' Party of Finland Suomen Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue, SSTP Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti | 1920 | 1923 |
| Socialist Unity Party Sosialistinen yhtenäisyyspuolue, SYP Socialistiska enhetspartiet | 1946 | 1955 |
| Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders Työväen ja Pienviljelijöiden Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto, TPSL Arbetarnas och Småbrukarnas Socialdemokratiska Förbund, ASSF | 1959 | 1973 |
| Young Finns Nuorsuomalaiset Ungfinnarna | 1994 | 1999 |

### Extra-parliamentary historical parties

* Swedish party [fi] (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
* Liberal party [fi] (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
* Finnish Active Resistance Party [fi] (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
* National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
* Socialist Party of Work [fi] (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
* Peasant People's Party [fi] (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
* Farmers' Party [fi] (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
* United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
* New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
* Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
* Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
* Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
* Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
* Finnish Labor Front (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
* Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
* Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
* Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
* Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
* National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
* Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
* Independent Middle Class [fi] (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
* Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
* Independence Party (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
* Party Organisation of Finnish Entrepreneurs [fi] (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
* Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
* Pensioners' Party of Finland [fi] (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
* Joint Responsibility Party [fi] (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
* Senior Citizens' Party of Finland [fi] (Suomen Senioripuolue) 1990–2014
* Women's Party [fi] (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
* Party of Humanity [fi] (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
* Finnish People's Blue-whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
* Finland - Fatherland [fi] (Suomi - Isänmaa) 1993–2007
* Natural Law Party [fi] (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
* Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Työväenpuolue) 1999–2018
* Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
* For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
* Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015
* Citizens' Party (Finland) (Kansalaispuolue) 2016–2022
* Finnish Reform Movement (Korjausliike) 2017–2023
* Seven Star Movement (Seitsemän tähden liike) 2017–2024
* Finnish People First (Suomen Kansa Ensin) 2018–2023