OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Denys Dubrov

Denys Vitaliovych Dubrov (Ukrainian: Денис Віталійович Дубров, 10 January 1989 – 9 May 2022) was a Ukrainian swimmer. A member of the able-bodied Ukrainian National team, he competed in Paralympic S10 and SM10 (individual medley) events. At the 2016 Rio Paralympics he won three gold, three silver and two bronze medals, setting world records in the Men's SM10 200 m individual medley and S10 100m butterfly events. As of April 2017, he still held the able-bodied Ukrainian National Record in the 200 m individual medley, a time of 2:00.53 which he set in 2009.

## Career history

Dubrov began swimming as a youth and by 2001 was being coached by Svitlana Toloknyanyk at the Invasport club in his home town of Dnipropetrovsk. He won a bronze medal in the 200 m individual medley at the 2006 FINA Youth World Swimming Championships and represented Ukraine at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, competing in the heats of the 100 m butterfly, 200 m butterfly, 200 m individual medley and 4 × 100 m medley relay.
Dubrov came to international attention when he competed at the 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships in Eindhoven, where he won three medals, including gold in the SM10 200m individual medley.
The following year Dubrov represented Ukraine again, this time at the 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships in Glasgow. There he entered five events, winning medals in three. He took a bronze as part of the 4 × 100 m medley relay and won individual gold in both the 100 m butterfly and 200 m medley. As well as becoming world champion in two events, he broke the European record in both, with times of 56.43 in the butterfly and 2:11.94 in the individual medley.

## Awards

Dubrow was awarded the Order for Merits (third grade) in Ukraine, after his success at the Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. He was named Honoured Master of Sport in Ukraine in 2020.
# Norvellina

Norvellina is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are at least 30 described species in the genus Norvellina.

## Species

These 39 species belong to the genus Norvellina:
* Norvellina acuspina Kramer & DeLong 1969$^{cg}$
* Norvellina adunca Kramer & DeLong 1969$^{cg}$
* Norvellina apachana Ball 1931$^{cg}$
* Norvellina bicolorata Ball, 1905$^{cgb}$
* Norvellina chenopodii (Osborn, 1923)$^{cgb}$
* Norvellina cincta Kramer & DeLong 1969$^{cg}$
* Norvellina clarivida Van Duzee 1894$^{cg}$
* Norvellina columbiana (Ball, 1916)$^{cgb}$
* Norvellina curvata Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
* Norvellina denotata Kramer & DeLong 1969$^{cg}$
* Norvellina excavata Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
* Norvellina flavida Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
* Norvellina forficata Kramer & DeLong 1969$^{cg}$
* Norvellina glauca Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
* Norvellina helenae Ball 1931$^{cg}$
* Norvellina mildredae Ball 1901$^{cg}$
* Norvellina musarrati Ghauri 1987$^{cg}$
* Norvellina nevada Ball 1916$^{cg}$
* Norvellina novica Medler, 1943$^{cgb}$
* Norvellina numerosa Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
* Norvellina pannosa Ball 1902$^{cg}$
* Norvellina perelegantis Ball, 1901$^{cgb}$
* Norvellina pulchella Baker 1896$^{cg}$
* Norvellina pullata Ball, 1901$^{cgb}$
* Norvellina recepta Kramer & DeLong 1969$^{cg}$
* Norvellina rostrata Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
* Norvellina rubida (Ball, 1916)$^{cgb}$
* Norvellina saminai Ghauri 1987$^{cg}$
* Norvellina saucia Ball 1901$^{cg}$
* Norvellina scaber Osborn & Ball 1898$^{cg}$
* Norvellina scitula Ball 1901$^{cg}$
* Norvellina seminuda (Say, 1830)$^b$
* Norvellina seminudus Say 1830$^{cg}$
* Norvellina snowi Ball 1907$^{cg}$
* Norvellina spatulata DeLong 1980$^{cg}$
* Norvellina texana Ball 1907$^{cg}$
* Norvellina uncata Kramer & DeLong 1969$^{cg}$
* Norvellina varia Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
* Norvellina vermiculata Lindsay 1938$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Alexander Zarchin

Alexander Zarchin (Hebrew: אלכסנדר זרחין 1897–1988) was a Ukrainian-Israeli chemist and inventor. He is most noted for inventing a process of sea water desalination.

## Biography

Born in Ukraine to a family of religious Zionists, as a young man, Zarchin studied industrial chemistry and specialized in metallurgy. In 1934, he was arrested by the authorities for the crime of Zionism (he patented a chemical process using magnesium as "LCLA" an acronym for the phrase "L'ma'an Tzion Lo Achsheh" ("for the sake of Zion I won’t forget you") from the Book of Isaiah) and was sentenced to five years in prison. Zarchin was then recruited into the Red Army, and by the end of World War II, he managed to reach West Germany, and from there he immigrated to Palestine in the summer of 1947. Since his arrival and settlement in Israel, his work was in the area of sea water desalination, petroleum production from bitumen stone, wind operated generators, and other areas.

### Invention of seawater desalination

In 1964, Alexander Zarchin obtained a patent for seawater desalination. Zarchin's method of sea water desalination involved freezing sea water in a vacuum, forming pure water crystals which are then melted to produce salt-free water. The salt is drained off in the vacuum stage. One of Alexander Zarchin's main contributions to the vacuum freezing vapor compression (VFVC) system was the incorporation of a compressor having a rotor with flexible unmachined blades made of thin stainless strip.
In 1965, Zarchin founded IDE Technologies.
# Laura Farnsworth Dogu

Laura Farnsworth Dogu (born 1964) is an author and diplomat who is the United States Ambassador to Honduras. She previously served as the United States Ambassador to Nicaragua in the Obama administration.

## Early life and education

Dogu is a resident of Texas. Her father was a career Naval officer. Dogu earned a B.A., B.B.A. (1985) and M.B.A. (1989) from Southern Methodist University in Dallas. She later earned an M.S. from the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy in 2007.

## Career

Dogu began her career as a marketing representative for IBM, where she worked for five years. After joining the Foreign Service, she became a consular officer at the embassy in San Salvador in 1991. She then served as a consular and political officer at the American Embassy in Turkey. Returning to Washington, D.C., in 1996, she was assigned to the State Department operations center. A year later she became a staff assistant in the Bureau of Consular Affairs. International assignments followed in Egypt, Turkey and Mexico. When she was nominated by President Obama to become U.S. Ambassador to Nicaragua, she was serving as Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City.
Dogu is also an author. Along with Taylor Larimore, Mel Lindauer, and Richard Ferri, Dogu is a co-author of The Bogleheads' Guide to Retirement Planning. She is one of the leaders of the online Bogleheads (www.bogleheads.org).

### Ambassador to Nicaragua

On May 13, 2015, President Barack Obama nominated Dogu to be the next ambassador to Nicaragua. Hearings were held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on her nomination on July 15, 2015. On July 29, 2015, the committee favorably reported the nomination to the Senate floor. Dogu was confirmed by the entire Senate via voice vote on August 5, 2015.

### Ambassador to Honduras

On November 5, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Dogu to be the next ambassador to Honduras. Hearings were held before the Foreign Relations Committee on February 8, 2022. The committee favorably reported her nomination to the Senate floor on March 8, 2022. The entire Senate confirmed Dogu via voice vote on March 10, 2022. She arrived in Honduras on April 6, 2022, and presented her credentials to President of Honduras Xiomara Castro on April 12.

## Personal life

Dogu and her husband, Aydin, have two children. In addition to English, she speaks Spanish, Turkish, and Arabic.
# War Widows Association, New Delhi

War Widows Association (WWA) is a registered non-governmental civilian organisation based in New Delhi for the support of women who have lost their husbands to war. The Association has reached out to and supported the widows of the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War, the 1971 Indo-Pak war, the Kargil War in 1999 as well as the widows of the CRPF men killed in Pulwama attack in 2019.

## Description

WWA was formed by women who were affected by the trauma of the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War to provide support to wives who had lost their husbands in the 1971 Indo-Pak war; this was the impetus for the formation of the War Widows Association in 1972 with its chairperson as V.Mohini Giri. The group found out that the main concerns of the widows after losing their husbands were "shelter, jobs and dignity". The widows also struggled with supporting their children. With these findings, the group approached Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who promised her support for the empowerment of the widows along with the construction of Shaheed Bhawan, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg for the usage of WWA. After the Kargil War, with almost no resources, WWA offered to provide housing and transport facilities for the families of the soldiers hospitalized in Delhi. Wing Commander N. K. Pant (Retd) explains that "the majority of the killed and wounded soldiers are in the age group of 23 to 25 years, and most of them have left behind young widows and infants". The organisations holds events on occasions like Vijay Diwas, the end of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971.

## Mission

The following mission became its mandate:
   To ensure for widows of war and armed conflict their human rights to live a respectful life even after their loved ones are no more. This involves a continuous struggle to provide economic and emotional support, guidance and assistance to war widows so that they can be comfortably rehabilitated in society. WWA works for the welfare of the war affected families, guiding and advising family members to become economically independent.
# Melanie Silgardo

Melanie Silgardo (born 1956) is an Indian poet and editor based in London, UK.

## Biography

Raised by Goan Catholics parents in Bombay, India, she studied under poet Eunice de Souza and became one of India's major English-language poets in the 1970s. With fellow poets Santan Rodrigues and Raul D' Gama Rose, she established the Newground cooperative which published their works. While studying in London, she published Skies of Design in 1985, which won the Asian Section of the Best First Book Commonwealth Poetry Prize. Until the mid-1990s, she worked at the feminist Virago Press before turning to creative writing and teaching.

## Education

Born in 1956 in Bombay, she studied English at the city's St. Xavier's College, graduating in 1976. She went on to earn an M.A. in English literature from the University of Bombay in 1978.

## Works

Her early works were published in Three Poets – Melanie Silgardo, Santan Rodrigues, Raul d’ Gama Rose (1978). In 1985, while studying at the London College of Printing, she published a second collection of poems, Skies of Design, which won the Asian award under the Best First Book Commonwealth Poetry Prize. From the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, she worked as commissioning editor for the feminist Virago Press where she consulted with clients of colour and developed a large collection of Arab women's contributions to English-language writing in Opening the Gates (1980). In 2012, together with de Souza, she edited anthology These My Words: the Penguin Book of Indian Poetry. Although she has not published any further poetry, she is still considered to have played an important role in support of women's poetry, not only for her own work but for the interest she has devoted to women's writing.
While Silgardo follows in the footsteps of Eunice De Souza, her poems are far more violent, as can be seen in her poem "Bombay", attacking the development of the city. De Souza herself finds that Silgardo's poems are "deeply emotional but never mawkish".
# Shen Baoxu

Shen Baoxu (Chinese: 申包胥) was a courtier of the Chu state during the Spring and Autumn period. Serving King Ping of Chu and King Zhao of Chu, he defended Chu from invasion by Wu, supported by Shen's friend Wu Zixu. When Chu was conquered by Wu, Shen begged at the court of Qin for their aid. Shen wailed for seven days and nights without ceasing, eventually leading to Duke Ai of Qin sending troops to restore Chu. When King Zhao offered Shen rewards for his actions, he refused, saying that he acted out of loyalty for King Zhao, whose safety reward enough. Shen was exemplary of a minister's loyalty to his ruler, without regard for reward, and even when the ruler was incompetent.
# Divide Creek

Divide Creek is a short creek near Kicking Horse Pass on the British Columbia/Alberta border (also the border between Yoho National Park and Banff National Park). After following the Continental Divide of the Americas for a short distance, the creek forks, with one side draining through the Bow River east to Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean, and the other side draining west to the Pacific Ocean by way of the Kicking Horse River.
Camping and horseback riding are available at Divide Creek. The Divide Warden Cabin is near the bank of the creek in Banff, because of its historical associations, and its architectural and environmental value has been classified as a Recognized Federal Heritage Building.
# Suzanne Salisbury

Suzanne (Sue) Salisbury is an American politician from Maine. Salisbury, a Democrat from Westbrook, Maine, is a member of the Maine House of Representatives. She represents the 128th House District, and serves on the State and Local Government Committee as the House Chair. She owns a coffee shop and is the former Chair of the School Committee . Salisbury also runs the Westbrook Families Feeding Families food pantry which was started by her and her mother.
# Official PlayStation Magazine (Ireland)

Official PlayStation Magazine (Ireland) was a TP Media monthly gaming publication.

## History

The magazine was conceived by TP Media. Ireland's large PlayStation adoption rate and the greatly increased prices of imported UK publications at the time were contributing factors in launching such a magazine. The Official UK PlayStation Magazine published by Future Publishing could cost up to £9.99 IEP due to Irish import fees.
OIPM launched for £4.99 with a demo disc.

## Differences between the UK version

Although the first three issues of the magazine had the same cover as the UK magazine, OIPM's content was original and written by a team in Ireland, headed by Kevin MacDermot. Certain features were directly taken from the UK version. The magazine's A-Z section was also taken from the UK version, although all future entries were based on OIPM's reviews, not the UK ones.
# Lithocharis nigriceps

Lithocharis nigriceps is a species of beetle belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
It has cosmopolitan distribution.
# Amira Ghenim

Amira Ghenim ( born 1978) is a Tunisian writer and academic. She was shortlisted for the Prix Médicis étranger 2024. and Prix de la littérature arabe 2024.

## Life

She was born in 1978 in Sousse. She obtained a PhD in linguistics, teaches at Tunis University, and is involved in academic publishing about linguistics and translation both as an editor and a writer.
She is also involved in radio production, and her show "Women of My Country" won an award from the Arab Radios Union in 2014.

## Works

In addition, she has written and published two novels to date:
* المزج التصوري (The Yellow Dossier, 2019), which won the Sheikh Rashid Bin Hamad Prize in 2020
* نازلة دار الأكابر (The Calamity of the Nobility, 2020), which was shortlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2021
** Le désastre de la maison des notables, translated by Souad Labbize, 2020.
** La casa dei notabili, translated by Barbara Teresi, 2023
** A Calamity of Noble Houses , translated by Karen McNeil, Miled Faiza, 2025.
# Bill Brand (film artist)

Bill Brand (born 1949, in Rochester, New York) is an experimental film and video artist, educator, activist and film preservationist.

## Life and career

Brand's films and videos were first shown at Anthology Film Archives in New York City in 1973. They have since been screened in the United States and around the world in museums, independent film showcases, colleges and universities, and on television. They have been featured at major film festivals including the Berlin International Film Festival, New Directors/New Films Festival, Tribeca Film Festival and Rotterdam Film Festival.

## Masstransiscope

In 1980 Brand completed a permanent public art project, Masstransiscope, a mural installed in the subway tunnel of New York City that is animated by the movement of passing trains. Masstransiscope was awarded a certificate of merit by the New York City Municipal Art Society in 1982. In disrepair for over 20 years, Masstransiscope was restored in 2008 and brought into the permanent collection of the MTA Arts for Transit program. The piece was named among the top 40 public art works in America for 2009 by the Public Art Network.
Masstransiscope was again covered by graffiti during the complete subway shutdown during Hurricane Sandy and again restored after that.

## Academic and commercial service

Brand lives in New York City and is professor of film and photography at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts. He also teaches film preservation at Moving Image Archiving and Preservation graduate program at Tisch School of the Arts. Since 1976, he has operated BB Optics, an optical printing service specializing in 8 mm blow-ups and archival preservation for independent filmmakers, libraries, museums and archives. In 2006, he was named an Anthology Film Archives film preservation honoree and given a month-long retrospective to celebrate BB Optics' 30th anniversary.

## Reception
### In film books

The work of Brand is discussed in histories of cinema including the books They Must Be Represented (1996) by Paula Rabinowitz, Documentary, A History of the Non-Fiction Film, (1992) by Erik Barnouw, Allegories of Cinema, (1990) by David James and in a chapter by Robin Blaetz titled Avant-Garde Cinema of the Seventies in Lost Illusions, American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam 1970–1979 by David Cook.

### In the press

Brand's work has also been written about in news and journal articles by Janet Maslin, Paul Arthur, J. Hoberman, B. Ruby Rich, Noël Carroll, Brian Frye and Randy Kennedy among others.
# Pass of Kilbride (civil parish)

Pass of Kilbride (Irish: Bealach Cille Bríde) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 12 km (7 mi) south‑south‑east of Mullingar.
Pass of Kilbride is one of 10 civil parishes in the barony of Fartullagh in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 4,094.9 acres (16.571 km$^2$).
Pass of Kilbride civil parish comprises the village of Milltownpass and 5 townlands: Corcloon, Drumman, Gallstown, Milltown and Pass of Kilbride.
An Abbey stands outside the village of Milltownpass, known locally as Pass of Kilbride Abbey.
The neighbouring civil parishes are: Enniscoffey to the north, Killucan (barony of Farbill), Ballyboggan (County Meath) and Castlejordan (County Meath) to the east, Castlelost to the south and Kilbride to the west.
# Nicolás Estévanez

Nicolás Estévanez Murphy (17 February 1838 – 19 August 1914) was a Spanish military officer, politician, essayist and poet. A federal republican, he briefly served as civil governor of Madrid and as Minister of War in the wake of the proclamation of the First Spanish Republic. A defender of the Africanness of his native Canary Islands, which were a central motif of his written work, he espoused a blend of anti-european, atheist, anticlerical, revolutionary and anarchist ideals. While he showed an unwavering commitment to Spanish patriotism, Estévanez has been reconstructed as a sort of father of Canarian nationalism by Canarian nationalist authors. He was a close collaborator of Francisco Pi y Margall.

## Biography

Born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria on 17 February 1838, the son of captain Francisco de Paula Estébanez y García Caballero (a progressive military officer from Málaga, Andalusia) and Isabel Murphy y Meade (a Canarian woman descended from Irish merchants settled in the islands in the late 18th century). Very young, in 1852, he entered the military academy in Toledo. After graduating, he served in the 1859–1860 African War. He took part in a number of war actions, including the 4 February 1860 Battle of Tétouan, after which he was awarded the 1st Class of the Cross of St. Ferdinand.
On 27 November 1871, he was stationed in Cuba with the rank of captain when eight students were executed by the authorities who found them guilty of anti-Spanish activities and of vandalizing some tomb sites. On hearing the news he publicly protested and, for this reason, was expelled from the army but he never apologized or renounced his actions and was always proud of what he did. To this day, on the façade of the Hotel Inglaterra in Havana, Cuba, there is a plaque bearing his name and commemorating his protest.
He participated in the revolution of September 1868 and joined the republican insurrection of 1869 for which he was imprisoned.
He later was elected member of parliament and was appointed minister in the cabinet of Pi y Margall during the First Spanish Republic but with the restoration of the monarchy he went into exile in Paris, France.
Described in police reports as an "everlasting conspirator and expert in explosive devices", he has been pointed out as a presumed plotter in the attempted regicide of Alfonso XIII on 31 May 1906. He would have moved from his Parisian exile to Barcelona earlier in the month, reportedly holding a meeting at Tibidabo with Francisco Ferrer and Mateo Morral—the physical perpetrator—before leaving for Cuba.
He died on 19 August 1914 in Paris.
# Blanket scarf

A blanket scarf is a blanket-sized garment that functions as a scarf. Blanket scarves first gained prominence as part of 2010s fashion. The accessory became a meme in 2012 when Lenny Kravitz was photographed wearing one by paparazzi. The "oversized" scarf was ridiculed online and Jimmy Fallon described it as a blanket on his talk show. In 2018, blanket scarves became popular and were worn by multiple catwalk models. In 2023, various blanket scarf designs were featured in seasonal fashion collections.
# Patrick Videira

Patrick Videira (born 26 April 1977) is a French football coach and a former player. He is the manager of Championnat National club Le Mans.

## Career

In 1996, Videira signed for Chaves in the Portuguese top flight from the reserves of PSG, one of France's most successful clubs.
In 2000, he signed for Ermesinde in the Portuguese third division from Portuguese second division side Maia.
In 2004, Videira signed for Rodez in the French fourth division, where he survived a plane crash on the way to a game against Bastia.
In 2014, he signed for French sixth division team Côte Bleue.
# Athletics at the 1963 Summer Universiade – Men's 1500 metres

The men's 1500 metres event at the 1963 Summer Universiade was held at the Estádio Olímpico Monumental in Porto Alegre in September 1963.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | John Whetton | Great Britain | 3:49.5 |
| | Mamoru Morimoto | Japan | 3:49.6 |
| | Karl Eyerkaufer | West Germany | 3:49.7 |
| 4 | Satsuo Iwashita | Japan | 3:50.1 |
| 5 | Valentin Karaulov | Soviet Union | 3:50.3 |
| 6 | Béla Szekeres | Hungary | 3:50.8 |
| 7 | Bernard Tucker | Great Britain | 3:51.0 |
| | Karl-Heinz Czock | West Germany | ? |
| | José de Azevedo | Brazil | ? |
| | Norbert Haupert | Luxembourg | ? |
| | Pedro Prado Filho | Brazil | ? |
| | Leonid Ivanov | Soviet Union | ? |
| | Attila Simon | Hungary | ? |
| | Fritz Holzer | Switzerland | ? |