OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas-Morse O-19

The Thomas-Morse O-19 was an American observation biplane built by the Thomas-Morse Aircraft Company for the United States Army Air Corps.

## Development

The O-19 was based on the earlier Thomas-Morse O-6 biplane. It was a conventional two-seat biplane of metal construction with fabric-covered wings and tail surfaces. The design was evaluated with a number of different engine installations and the type was ordered into production as the O-19B with a Pratt & Whitney R-1340-7 Wasp radial engine.

## Variants
### XO-19

    Improved version of the XO-6 with a 450 hp (340 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340-3 engine, one built.

### YO-20

    Similar to the XO-19 with a 525 hp (391 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1690-1 engine, one built.

### XO-21

    Similar to the XO-19 with a 600 hp (450 kW) Curtiss H-1640-1 engine, one built, later re-engined as the XO-21A.

### XO-21A

    The XO-21 fitted with a 525 hp (391 kW) Wright R-1750-1 engine.

### O-19

    Service evaluation aircraft with a 500 hp (370 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340-9, two built.

### O-19A

    O-19 without the 88 US Gallon main fuel tank, one built.

### O-19B

    Production version with a 450 hp (340 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340-7 engine, two machine-guns and modified cockpit, 70 built.

### O-19C

    O-19B with tailwheel, ring cowl and minor changes, 71 built.

### O-19D

    One O-19C converted as a VIP staff transport with dual controls.

### O-19E

    O-19C with extended upper-span wing and a 575 hp (429 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340-15 engine, 30 built.

### O-21

    O-19 with 600 hp (450 kW) Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain engine, one built, one converted.

### YO-23

    XO-19 with a 600 hp (450 kW) Curtiss V-1570-1 Conqueror engine, one built.

### Y1O-33

    One O-19B re-engined with a 600 hp (450 kW) Curtiss V-1570-11 engine and revised tail surfaces, one converted.

### Y1O-41

    A sesqui-plane conversion of the Y1O-33 with a 600 hp (450 kW) Curtiss V-1570-79 engine, one converted. Later modified by Consolidated Aircraft as their Model 23 and exported to Mexico.

### Y1O-42

    High-wing monoplane version of the Y1O-41, static test airframe only.

## Operators
### Philippines

* Philippine Army Air Corps

### United States

* United States Army Air Corps

## Specifications (O-19B)

Data from The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing, Page 3000
General characteristics
* Crew: two
* Length: 28 ft 4 in (8.64 m)
* Wingspan: 39 ft 9 in (12.12 m)
* Height: 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m)
* Wing area: 348 sq ft (32.33 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 2,722 lb (1,235 kg)
* Gross weight: 3,800 lb (1,724 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney R-1340-7 Wasp radial piston engine , 450 hp (336 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 137 mph (220 km/h, 119 kn)
* Service ceiling: 20,500 ft (6,250 m)
Armament
* 2 x 0.3in (7.62mm) machine-guns (one fixed forward-firing, one movable in rear cockpit)
# Hermann Ungar

Hermann Ungar (April 20, 1893 in Boskovice – October 28, 1929 in Prague) was a Czech-Jewish writer (in the German language) and an officer in Czechoslovakia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

## Biography

Ungar's father, Emil, was a cider maker who served as Mayor of Boskovice. After graduating from the public schools in Brno, Hermann Ungar went to Berlin, where he took courses in Oriental Studies until 1911, followed by legal and philosophical studies in Munich and Prague. After service in World War I, where he sustained serious injuries on the Galician Front, he passed the state examination and received his degree in 1918.
At first, he worked as a lawyer and director of the theater in Cheb, where he also wrote plays. In 1922, he became the Legationsrat [de] (Legation Counselor) at the new Czechoslovak embassy in Berlin. In the same year he married Margarete Weiss (born Stransky). Later he returned to Prague and became the Ministerial Commissioner at the Foreign Affairs ministry. While there, he began to associate with a literary circle that included Franz Kafka, Max Brod and Ernst Weiß.
His writing was becoming successful, so he quit the diplomatic service in 1929, but died not long after, aged only 36, during an appendectomy that had been postponed for too long.
His wife and two sons fled to the UK in 1939. His brother and parents were murdered in Auschwitz in 1942, but his sister was able to escape and went to Tel Aviv.
His play Der rote General was a great success in Berlin in 1928. His second play Die Gartenlaube was also a great success but was not performed in Berlin until shortly after his death. These plays have been printed and extensively reviewed. His novels were influenced by expressionism and psychoanalysis and were praised by Thomas Mann, who became a godfather to Ungar's son, Tom (born Thomas Michael Ungar). According to a 2012 obituary of Tom (who had changed his name to Unwin), his father "wrote about sex and psychosis in a manner that shocked the establishment".

## Works

* Boys and Murderers (1920)
* The Maimed (1923, novel)
* The Murder of Captain Hanika (1925, non-fiction)
* The Class (1927, novel)
* The Red General (1928, play)
* The Arbor (1930, play)
* Colbert's Journey (1930, short stories)
Hermann Ungar, Das Gesamtwerk, Verlag Paul Zsolnay, Wien-Darmstadt, 1989, 461pp. Dieter Sudhoff, Hermann Ungar Leben-Werk-Wirkung Verlag Königshausen und Neumann Wurzburg, 1990, 700pp.
# 1967 Singaporean by-elections

The 1967 by-elections were held on 7 March 1967, precipitated following a series of resignations of Barisan Sosialis's MPs which occurred the year before on 5 December 1966.

## History

A total of 12 MPs resigned a year prior, 11 of which from Barisan Sosialis, who resigned their seats citing that Lim Huan Boon, who initiated the mass exodus, claimed Singapore's independence was "phony" because no discussion of Singapore's separation matter was made in the legislature. Six of the vacated seats had by-elections prior, while the other five, Koo Young, Loh Miaw Gong, Ong Lian Teng, Poh Ber Liak and Tan Cheng Tong, resigned on 5 December. The seats for Bukit Panjang, Havelock, Jalan Kayu, Tampines and Thomson, respectively, were therefore vacant, and polls adjourned on 7 March. On nomination day on 24 February, only Thomson had a contest involving a multi-cornered fight with two independents.

## Results

By-election 1967: Bukit Panjang :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PAP | P. Selvadurai | Walkover | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 16,070 | |
| | PAP gain from BS | PAP gain from BS | Swing | N/A |
By-election 1967: Havelock :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PAP | Lim Soo Peng | Walkover | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,898 | |
| | PAP gain from BS | PAP gain from BS | Swing | N/A |
By-election 1967: Jalan Kayu :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PAP | Teo Hup Teck | Walkover | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,275 | |
| | PAP gain from BS | PAP gain from BS | Swing | N/A |
By-election 1967: Tampines :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PAP | Chew Chin Han | Walkover | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 16,481 | |
| | PAP gain from BS | PAP gain from BS | Swing | N/A |
By-election 1967: Thomson :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Ang Nam Piau | 9,407 | 83.6 | +44.1 |
| | Independent | Madai Puthan Damodaran Nair | 1,310 | 11.6 | +11.6 |
| | Independent | Chan Yoke Kwong | 537 | 4.8 | +4.8 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,097 | 72.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 11,624 | 82.3 | −13.7 |
| | PAP gain from BS | PAP gain from BS | Swing | N/A | |

## Aftermath of this by election

Much like the previous year's by-election, oppositions would see downturn and the Barisan Sosialis lost credibility. By the end of the following year's election, the last two Barisan MPs Chan Sun Wing (Nee Soon) and Wong Soon Fong (Toa Payoh) had opted to flee the country in order to avoid being arrested by the Internal Security Department (ISD) as what happened to their colleague Chia Thye Poh and others, completing PAP's government monopoly.
The results in the by-election where both independent candidates had their election deposits forfeited proved that PAP would be dominant onto government control and trustworthiness of voting electorate. Opposition would not win any of the election again for the next 14 years until 1981.
# 2005 AFC U-17 Women's Championship

The 2005 AFC U-17 Women's Championship was the first instance of the AFC U-16 Women's Championship. It was held from 16 to 27 April 2005 in Namhae, South Korea.

## Venues

Namhae :
| Namhae Sports Park' | Namhae Public Stadium |
| Capacity: 10,000 | Capacity: 6,000 |

## Group stage
### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| South Korea | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 2 | +23 | 9 |
| Thailand | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 7 | +12 | 6 |
| India | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 13 | −3 | 3 |
| Indonesia | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 32 | −32 | 0 |

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Japan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 0 | +64 | 9 |
| Guam | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 | −17 | 4 |
| Hong Kong | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 24 | −21 | 4 |
| Bangladesh | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 28 | −26 | 0 |

### Group C

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| China | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 0 | +34 | 6 |
| Chinese Taipei | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 |
| Singapore | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 34 | −34 | 0 |

### Ranking of second-placed teams

| Group | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| A | Thailand | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 7 | +1 | 3 |
| C | Chinese Taipei | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3 |
| B | Guam | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 18 | −18 | 1 |
* Note: Group A and B's match against fourth-placed team was excluded.

## Winners

* 2005 AFC U-17 Women's Championship
* Japan First title

## Goalscorers
### 12 goals

* Natsuko Hara

### 11 goals

* Asano Nagasato

### 10 goals

* Li Lin
* Yoshie Hori

### 9 goals

* Li Nan
* Pitsamai Sornsai

### 7 goals

* Ma Xiaoxu

### 6 goals

* Konomi Ataeyama
* Mari Kawamura
* Ritsuko Uchibori

### 5 goals

* Ngangom Bala Devi
* Hitomi Ono
* Park Ji-young

### 4 goals

* Asuka Kakazu
* Asuna Tanaka
* Jeon Ga-eul
* Lai Li-Chin

### 3 goals

* Lu Aixue
* Jung Won-jung
* Kwon Hah-nul
* Thanatta Chawong

### 2 goals

* He Zhen
* Li Wen
* Mao Aihong
* Naomi Hatsumi
* Megumi Matsubara
* Choi Hae-sook
* Kim Soo-jin
* Lee Ye-eun
* Park Cho-rong
* Prangthip Nampeng
* Sukunya Peangthem
* Uthumphon Thongchon

### 1 goal

* Hasina Bagum
* Rouson Bolu
* Wang Lingling
* Wang Ni
* Xu Wenjia
* Amy Atkinson
* Cheung Wai Ki
* Yiu Hei Man
* Chanu Sanathoi Chingtham
* Maibam Bembem Devi
* Lalvarmoi Hmar
* Suganya Raju
* Ranjita Devi Thangjam
* Cho So-hyun
* Kim Cho-hee
* Yoo Young-a
* Chen Hsiao-Chuan
* Hung Chia-Chun
* Lin Man-Ting
* Wajee Kertsombun
* Phumphuang Ngoendi
* Sasima Panratsamee

### Own goal

* Ayesha Akthar (for Japan)
* Shameema Pinki (for Hong Kong)
* Joleen Tan (for China)
* Suhanthi Thangarajoo (for China)
* Sirirat Sarian (for China)
# Neuenkirchen, Stade

Neuenkirchen (German pronunciation: ; Low German: Neekark) is a municipality in the Altes Land, district of Stade, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Neuenkirchen belonged - as to its government - to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In religious respect, however, Neuenkirchen formed part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Verden until after 1566 its incumbent bishops lost papal recognition, except of a last Catholic bishop from 1630 to 1631, respectively. In 1648 the prince-archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the duchy, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the duchy was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which – after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 – incorporated the duchy in a real union and the ducal territory, including Neuenkirchen, became part of the Stade Region, established in 1823.

## Notable people

* Heinrich Hellwege (1908-1991), German politician
# Vácrátót Botanical Garden

Vácrátót Botanical Garden (Hungarian: Vácrátóti botanikus kert) is a botanical garden in Hungary maintained by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. It is located in Vácrátót, some 30 kilometers north of Budapest. The institution is participating in a QRpedia project with Wikimedia Hungary, linking selected plants to their Wikipedia articles.
In the rock garden collection flowers from all six phytochoria and from 25 high altitude mountain ranges of the world can be seen.
# Inderpal Singh

Inderpal Singh (IPA:) is an Indian television anchor, film actor, and writer. He made his film debut in 2006 in Dibakar Banerjee's comedy drama film Khosla Ka Ghosla, which won the National Film Award For Best Feature Film in India. Despite its small budget, upon release the film was a commercial success. Although Inderpal Singh just had a small cameo in the movie, he was later signed up for two bigger budget movies – Vicky Donor as taya ji and Besharam as bhura paaji.

## Early life and education

Inderpal Singh is a native of Delhi and he completed schooling from Mumbai, Jammu and Delhi. He graduated in BSc (PCM) from SGTB Khalsa College, Delhi University. In 1996, he completed Masters in Finance and Control from Panjab University, Chandigarh. Inderpal Singh has conceptualised and enacted in various commercial series. He played a character INDyeah Singh, who made people aware of India's history.

### Television and early career

Inderpal Singh started his career as television actor. He started a program named Nikke Nikke Hasse which was broadcast on ETC Punjabi in 2009 Channel. The program aimed at instilling confidence in children. Inderpal Singh also worked as an actor in Ads with Amir Khan in Atithi devo Bhav, Incredible India in this commercial ad a Sikh saves a tourist, and also with Divya Dutta in IPL6 ad. He also ideated for brands like Maruti Swift, Dainik Jagran, UTV, Escotel, etc. He conducted Creativity Trainings for brands like Pidilite and Pragya TV.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2009 | Bad Luck Govind | funny Punjabi 'Inderpal' Singh | People appreciate Inderpal Singh |
| 2012 | Vicky Donor | Taya ji | Performed a step "bulb utaro thalle rakkho" |
| 2013 | Besharam | as bhura paaji | A garage owner |
| 2015 | Mukhtiar Chadha | Mama Ji | with Diljit Dosanjh |
| TBA | 3 Monkeys | Manjeet Saluja | |

## Personal life

Inderpal Singh originally belongs to Chandigarh Punjab and his family are still based there. His wife Mrs Japneet Kaur works as an Art Teacher with The Khaitan School, Noida and his father Mr Ranjit Singh, worked as Drilling Engineer with ONGC, while his mother late Mrs Harbans Kaur was a housewife. His daughter's name is Evleen Kaur. His elder brother Mr Amardeep Singh is a Civil Engineer by profession.
# Methods of production

methods fall into three main categories: job (one-off production), batch (multiple items, one step at a time for all items), and flow.

## Job production

Job production is used when a product is produced with the labor of one or few workers and is rarely used for bulk and large scale production. It is mainly used for one-off products or prototypes (hence also known as Prototype Production), as it is inefficient; however, quality is greatly enhanced with job production compared to other methods. Individual wedding cakes and made-to-measure suits are examples of job production. New small firms often use job production before they get a chance or have the means to expand. Job Production is highly motivating for workers because it gives the workers an opportunity to produce the whole product and take pride in it.

## Batch production

Batch production is the method used to produce or process any product of the groups or batches where the products in the batch go through the whole production process together. An example would be when a bakery produces each different type of bread separately and each product (in this case, bread) is not produced continuously. Batch production is used in many different ways and is most suited to when there is a need for a quality/quantity balance. This technique is probably the most commonly used method for organizing manufacture and promotes specialist labor, as very often batch production involves a small number of persons. Batch production occurs when many similar items are produced together. Each batch goes through one stage of the production before moving onto the next stage.

## Flow production

Flow production (mass production) is also a very common method of production. Flow production is when the product is built up through many segregated stages; the product is built upon at each stage and then passed directly to the next stage where it is built upon again. The production method is financially the most efficient and effective because there is less of a need for skilled workers.

## Lean Production

Contrary to job production, the method Boutique Manufacturing (Lean) is suitable for the production of very small to small batches, i.e. orders of a few units up to several dozens of similar or equal goods. The workflow organization of a Boutique Manufacturing entity can be a mixture of both jobbing and batch production but involves higher standardization than job production. Boutique Manufacturing is often organized with single workplaces or production cells carrying out a number of subsequent production steps until completion of certain components or even the whole product; large assembly lines are generally not used. The flexibility and variety of products able to be produced in the entity therefore are much higher than with the more standardized method of batch production.
# Control (Puddle of Mudd song)

"Control" is a song by the American rock band Puddle of Mudd, released by Geffen Records on July 17, 2001, as their debut single. It was written by Wes Scantlin and Brad Stewart, as the lead single from the band's debut studio album, Come Clean. The song peaked at number three on both the US Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks charts. Furthermore, it peaked at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was used for WWF Survivor Series in 2001.

## Meaning and background

"Control" is about a relationship that Puddle of Mudd member Wes Scantlin was in. Scantlin told MTV that he was "going out with an uncontrollable person" and said that he was uncontrollable, too. Scantlin then told MTV:
   But the intimacy was really, really good ... [There were] some freaky-deaky things going on. The end of the song is the wake-up [where you realize], "Man, I can't deal with this anymore." The mental frustration isn't worth the bonus that you get intimacy-wise. When I wrote those lyrics, I was going, "Ah, man, I don't know if the record company's going to let this fly." I didn't know what anybody in the band was going to think.

## Music video

The music video starts with a segment of Wes Scantlin being kicked out from a truck after he had been arguing with a girl who was driving. As a result, the band are late to a gig at a local bar. The majority of the video cuts between Scantlin walking to the venue, the driver driving away from him, and the band performing at the bar. Towards the bridge of the song, Scantlin finds the girl again, who has pulled over to the side of the road. The two pretend to make up, but as the two embrace, Scantlin pickpockets the woman of her keys. As the final chorus comes in, Scantlin throws her keys into a puddle of mud, a pun on the band's name.

## Single
### Track listings

Europe enhanced single (2001)
Australian enhanced single (2001)
UK enhanced single (2002)
UK 7-inch brown vinyl
Europe enhanced maxi-single (2002)

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United States | July 17, 2001 | Alternative radio | FlawlessGeffen |
| Australia | October 29, 2001 | CD | FlawlessGeffen |
| United Kingdom | February 11, 2002 | 7-inch vinylCDcassette | FlawlessGeffen |
# Oleksandr Chervonyi

Oleksandr Chervonyi (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Червоний; born 1 September 1961) is a Ukrainian professional football coach and a former player.
He played 4 games in the European Cup 1989–90 for FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk.

## Honours

* Soviet Top League champion: 1983, 1988.
* Soviet Top League runner-up: 1989.
* Soviet Top League bronze: 1984.
* Soviet Cup winner: 1989.
* USSR Super Cup winner: 1989.
* USSR Federation Cup winner: 1989.
* USSR Federation Cup finalist: 1990.
* Ukrainian Premier League bronze: 1995.
# Ukrainian Museum

The Ukrainian Museum, founded in 1976 by the Ukrainian National Women's League of America in New York City, is the largest museum of its kind outside of Ukraine and is dedicated to the enjoyment, understanding, and preservation of the artistic and cultural heritage of Ukraine. For centuries, Ukraine has been an epicenter for creative output — from traditional music, dance, and folk art to the birthplace of modern art and cinema. Today, the country celebrates its cultural impact on the world for people of all backgrounds. The museum's building was designed by Ukrainian-American architect George Sawicki of Sawicki Tarella Architecture + Design in New York City, and was funded by the Ukrainian-American community. The museum is located at 222 East 6th Street between Second Avenue and Cooper Square in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan.
The museum's collection falls into three primary groupings, "folk art", which includes festive and ritual attire and other items of clothing, ceramics, metalwork and carved wood items, as well as Ukrainian Easter eggs (pysanky); "fine arts", including paintings, drawings, sculptures and graphic works by noted Ukrainian artists such as the primitive artist Nikifor, Mykhailo Moroz, Vasyl Hryhorovych Krychevsky, Emma Andiewska, Mykhailo Chereshnovsky, Alexander Archipenko, Peter Kapschutschenko, Alexis Gritchenko, Oleksa Nowakiwsky, Ivan Trush, Jacques Hnizdovsky, Liuboslaw Hutsaliuk, Bohdan Borzemsky, Halyna Mazepa, Ilona Sochynsky, Arcadia Olesnka-Petryshyn and Edward Kozak, and Petro Cholodny among many others; and items documenting the history and cultural legacy of Ukrainian immigration to the United States, including photographs, personal correspondence, posters, flyers and playbills, stamps and coins.
For over 45 years, the museum has worked to promote Ukraine's rich cultural heritage abroad, featuring regular exhibitions often drawing from its own collection of traditional folk costumes, textiles, rare books, stamps, woodworking and photographs  and contemporary art. The museum regularly publishes catalogs documenting their scholarship.
In 2015, recognizing the underrepresentation of women, the museum hosted its first major exhibition to examine the relationship between Ukrainian identity and women artists. The Ukrainian Diaspora: Women Artists: 1908-2015 featured over 100 works by 43 artists, including Lydia Bodnar-Balahutrak, Sonia Delaunay, Inka Essenhigh, Slava Gerulak, Natalka Husar, Aka Pereyma, Yulia Pinkusevich, Christina Saj, and Yaroslava Surmach Mills. The exhibition included a catalog with an essay written by guest curator Adrienne Kochman.
Since the Revolution of Dignity, the museum has hosted several exhibits documenting the ongoing war.

## Directors

* Maria Shust, 1976 - 2022
* Peter Doroshenko, 2022–present
# Syed Masud Reza

Syed Masud Reza was a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a member of parliament for Barisal-6.

## Career

Reza was elected to parliament from Barisal-6 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 1996.

## Death

Reza died in 2013. His daughter, Ambareen Reza, is a businesswoman and founding director of Food Panda Bangladesh.