# Japan Series

The Japan Series (日本シリーズ Nippon Shiriizu, officially the Japan Championship Series, プロ野球日本選手権シリーズ Puro Yakyū Nippon Senshuken Shiriizu), also the Nippon Series, is the annual championship series in Nippon Professional Baseball, the top baseball league in Japan. It is a best-of-seven series between the winning clubs of the league's two circuits, the Central League and the Pacific League, and is played in October or November. The first team to win four games is the overall winner and is declared the Japan Series Champion (日本一, Nippon Ichi, number one in Japan) each year. The Japan Series uses a 2–3–3-3 format, with the latter four games in theory if additional games are needed following tiebreakers.
The home team for games 1, 2 and eventually 6 and 7, alternates between the two leagues with the Pacific League having the advantage on the years ending with an odd number and the Central League on the years ending with an even number. Designated hitters are used if the team from the Pacific League hosts the game. There is a 40-man postseason roster limit, and the rule on drawn games is changed to 12 innings, since 2018. If the series is tied after the seventh game, a Game 8 will be held with the same team hosting Games 6 and 7 hosting this game. Only once a Game 8 has been played in Japan Series history, where the Seibu Lions defeated the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in 1986. In the event that Game 8 does not decide the series, the next game would be played at the stadium that hosted Games 3 through 5 after a day of rest, and games will continue until one team wins four games.
Every current team in the NPB has won the Japan Series at least once. The team with the most championships is the Yomiuri Giants, who have won the Japan Series twenty-two times. In 2004, the Pacific League instituted a three-team stepladder playoff format to determine the league champion, while the Central League champion had a long wait before the Japan Series. During this time, the Pacific League won four consecutive Series from 2003 to 2006. Starting with the 2007 postseason, both leagues adopted the Climax Series to determine their champions. The Climax Series involves the top three finishers in each league, though the format gives a significant advantage to the team with the best record in each league.
On November 6, 2010, the Chunichi Dragons and Chiba Lotte Marines played the longest game in Japan Series history. It lasted fifteen innings and resulted in a 2–2 draw, with the game lasting 5 hours and 43 minutes. Only Game 2 of the 2022 Japan Series on October 23, 2022, came close, with the Orix Buffaloes and Tokyo Yakult Swallows playing to a 3–3 draw after 12 innings, lasting 5 hours and 3 minutes.
Even though the Central League is historically more victorious, in recent years, the Pacific League has been catching up in titles. Currently, the Central League has 38 titles, while the Pacific League has 37 titles. The Pacific League won eight consecutive Japan Series championships from 2013 to 2020, with six by the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, and one each by the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters and Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. The streak was broken in 2021, with the Tokyo Yakult Swallows beating the Orix Buffaloes.

## List of winners

| CL | Central League |
| PL | Pacific League |
| MVP | Japan Series Most Valuable Player Award |
| FSA | Fighting Spirit Award (MVP on the losing team) |
| Year | Winning Team | Losing Team | Series | MVP | FSA |
| 1950 | Mainichi Orions (PL) | Shochiku Robins (CL) | 4–2 | Kaoru Bettou | Not awarded |
| 1951 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–1 | Yukou Minamimura | Not awarded |
| 1952 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–2 | Takehiko Bessho | Not awarded |
| 1953 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–2–1 | Tetsuharu Kawakami | Hiroshi Minohara |
| 1954 | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | Nishitetsu Lions (PL) | 4–3 | Shigeru Sugishita | Hiroshi Oshita |
| 1955 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–3 | Takehiko Bessho | Ichiro Togawa |
| 1956 | Nishitetsu Lions (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–2 | Yasumitsu Toyoda | Kazuhisa Inao* |
| 1957 | Nishitetsu Lions (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–0–1 | Hiroshi Oshita | Toshio Miyamoto |
| 1958 | Nishitetsu Lions (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–3 | Kazuhisa Inao | Motoshi Fujita |
| 1959 | Nankai Hawks (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–0 | Tadashi Sugiura | Masataka Tsuchiya |
| 1960 | Taiyō Whales (CL) | Daimai Orions (PL) | 4–0 | Akihito Kondo | Kenjiro Tamiya |
| 1961 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–2 | Andy Miyamoto | Joe Stanka |
| 1962 | Toei Flyers (PL) | Hanshin Tigers (CL) | 4–2–1 | Masayuki Dobashi Masayuki Tanemo | Yoshio Yoshida |
| 1963 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nishitetsu Lions (PL) | 4–3 | Shigeo Nagashima | Kazuhisa Inao |
| 1964 | Nankai Hawks (PL) | Hanshin Tigers (CL) | 4–3 | Joe Stanka | Kazuhiro Yamauchi |
| 1965 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–1 | Shigeo Nagashima | Nobushige Morishita |
| 1966 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–2 | Isao Shibata | Taisuke Watanabe |
| 1967 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Hankyu Braves (PL) | 4–2 | Masaaki Mori | Mitsuhiro Adachi |
| 1968 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Hankyu Braves (PL) | 4–2 | Shigeru Takada | Tokuji Nagaike |
| 1969 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Hankyu Braves (PL) | 4–2 | Shigeo Nagashima | Tokuji Nagaike |
| 1970 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Lotte Orions (PL) | 4–1 | Shigeo Nagashima | Reiji Iishi |
| 1971 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Hankyu Braves (PL) | 4–1 | Toshimitsu Suetsugu | Hisashi Yamada |
| 1972 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Hankyu Braves (PL) | 4–1 | Tsuneo Horiuchi | Mitsuhiro Adachi |
| 1973 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nankai Hawks (PL) | 4–1 | Tsuneo Horiuchi | Katsuya Nomura |
| 1974 | Lotte Orions (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–2 | Sumio Hirota | Morimichi Takagi |
| 1975 | Hankyu Braves (PL) | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | 4–0–2 | Takashi Yamaguchi | Koji Yamamoto |
| 1976 | Hankyu Braves (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–3 | Yutaka Fukumoto | Isao Shibata |
| 1977 | Hankyu Braves (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–1 | Hisashi Yamada | Kazumasa Kono |
| 1978 | Yakult Swallows (CL) | Hankyu Braves (PL) | 4–3 | Katsuo Osugi | Mitsuhiro Adachi |
| 1979 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | Kintetsu Buffaloes (PL) | 4–3 | Yoshihiko Takahashi | Takashi Imoto |
| 1980 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | Kintetsu Buffaloes (PL) | 4–3 | Jim Lyttle | Toru Ogawa |
| 1981 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Nippon-Ham Fighters (PL) | 4–2 | Takashi Nishimoto | Hiroaki Inoue |
| 1982 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–2 | Osamu Higashio | Seiji Kamikawa |
| 1983 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–3 | Takuji Ota | Takashi Nishimoto |
| 1984 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | Hankyu Braves (PL) | 4–3 | Kiyoyuki Nagashima | Yukihiko Yamaoki |
| 1985 | Hanshin Tigers (CL) | Seibu Lions (PL) | 4–2 | Randy Bass | Hiromichi Ishige |
| 1986 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | 4–3–1 | Kimiyasu Kudo | Mitsuo Tatsukawa |
| 1987 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–2 | Kimiyasu Kudo | Kazunori Shinozuka |
| 1988 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–1 | Hiromichi Ishige | Masaru Uno |
| 1989 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Kintetsu Buffaloes (PL) | 4–3 | Norihiro Komada | Hiromasa Arai |
| 1990 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–0 | Orestes Destrade | Kaoru Okazaki |
| 1991 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | 4–3 | Kouji Akiyama | Kazuhisa Kawaguchi |
| 1992 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Yakult Swallows (CL) | 4–3 | Takehiro Ishii | Yoichi Okabayashi |
| 1993 | Yakult Swallows (CL) | Seibu Lions (PL) | 4–3 | Kenjiro Kawasaki | Kazuhiro Kiyohara |
| 1994 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Seibu Lions (PL) | 4–2 | Hiromi Makihara | Kazuhiro Kiyohara |
| 1995 | Yakult Swallows (CL) | Orix BlueWave (PL) | 4–1 | Tom O'Malley | Hiroshi Kobayashi |
| 1996 | Orix BlueWave (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–1 | Troy Neel | Toshihisa Nishi |
| 1997 | Yakult Swallows (CL) | Seibu Lions (PL) | 4–1 | Atsuya Furuta | Kazuo Matsui |
| 1998 | Yokohama BayStars (CL) | Seibu Lions (PL) | 4–2 | Takanori Suzuki | Koji Otsuka |
| 1999 | Fukuoka Daiei Hawks (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–1 | Kouji Akiyama | Kenshin Kawakami |
| 2000 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Fukuoka Daiei Hawks (PL) | 4–2 | Hideki Matsui | Kenji Jojima |
| 2001 | Yakult Swallows (CL) | Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes (PL) | 4–1 | Atsuya Furuta | Tuffy Rhodes |
| 2002 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Seibu Lions (PL) | 4–0 | Tomohiro Nioka | Alex Cabrera |
| 2003 | Fukuoka Daiei Hawks (PL) | Hanshin Tigers (CL) | 4–3 | Toshiya Sugiuchi | Tomoaki Kanemoto |
| 2004 | Seibu Lions (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–3 | Takashi Ishii | Kazuki Inoue |
| 2005 | Chiba Lotte Marines (PL) | Hanshin Tigers (CL) | 4–0 | Toshiaki Imae | Akihiro Yano |
| 2006 | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–1 | Atsunori Inaba | Kenshin Kawakami |
| 2007 | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (PL) | 4–1 | Norihiro Nakamura | Yu Darvish |
| 2008 | Saitama Seibu Lions (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–3 | Takayuki Kishi | Alex Ramírez |
| 2009 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (PL) | 4–2 | Shinnosuke Abe | Shinji Takahashi |
| 2010 | Chiba Lotte Marines (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–2–1 | Toshiaki Imae | Kazuhiro Wada |
| 2011 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | Chunichi Dragons (CL) | 4–3 | Hiroki Kokubo | Kazuhiro Wada |
| 2012 | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (PL) | 4–2 | Tetsuya Utsumi | Atsunori Inaba |
| 2013 | Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–3 | Manabu Mima | Hisayoshi Chōno |
| 2014 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | Hanshin Tigers (CL) | 4–1 | Seiichi Uchikawa | Randy Messenger |
| 2015 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | Tokyo Yakult Swallows (CL) | 4–1 | Lee Dae-ho | Tetsuto Yamada |
| 2016 | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (PL) | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | 4–2 | Brandon Laird | Brad Eldred |
| 2017 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | Yokohama DeNA BayStars (CL) | 4–2 | Dennis Sarfate | Toshiro Miyazaki |
| 2018 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | Hiroshima Toyo Carp (CL) | 4–1–1 | Takuya Kai | Seiya Suzuki |
| 2019 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–0 | Yurisbel Gracial | Yoshiyuki Kamei |
| 2020 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | Yomiuri Giants (CL) | 4–0 | Ryoya Kurihara | Shosei Togo |
| 2021 | Tokyo Yakult Swallows (CL) | Orix Buffaloes (PL) | 4–2 | Yuhei Nakamura | Yoshinobu Yamamoto |
| 2022 | Orix Buffaloes (PL) | Tokyo Yakult Swallows (CL) | 4–2–1 | Yutaro Sugimoto | José Osuna |
| 2023 | Hanshin Tigers (CL) | Orix Buffaloes (PL) | 4–3 | Koji Chikamoto | Kotaro Kurebayashi |
| 2024 | Yokohama DeNA BayStars (CL) | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (PL) | 4-2 | Masayuki Kuwahara | Kenta Imamiya |
Kazuhisa Inao, as an exception, won the Fighting Spirit Award (in 1956) while playing for the victorious Nishitetsu Lions.

### Extra inning rules

Since 2018, there is a limit of 12 innings in the seven regulation games, with games being called tie games if tied after that time. From 1987 to 2020, the innings limit is abolished starting in extra games (Game 8, et al) if necessary. Since 2021, extra games are played to 12 innings as normal. Starting in the 13th inning of extra games, the World Baseball Softball Confederation two-runner tiebreaker with runners at first and second base, similar to the Japanese High School Baseball Championship (Koshien), will be implemented.
Historically:
* Until 1966 (except 1964): Game is called at sunset (all games were played as day games)
** 1964 (all games at night): No new inning may start after 10:30 p.m.
* 1967–1981: No new inning may start after 5:30 p.m.
* 1982–1986: No new inning may start after the game time reaches four-and-a-half hours
* 1987–1993: 18-inning limit until Game 7, unlimited innings Game 8 and onward (change introduced due to Game 8 being necessary in the 1986 series due to Game 1 being called after 14 innings)
* 1994: 18- (day game) / 15-inning (night game) limit until Game 7, unlimited innings Game 8 and onward
* 1995–2017: / 15-inning limit until Game 7, unlimited innings Game 8 and onward
** The three-and-a-half hour cut-off rule used in the 2011 regular season was not used for the Japan Series.
* 2018–2020: 12-inning limit until Game 7, unlimited innings Game 8 and onward
* 2021–present: 12-inning limit. Starting in Game 8, further innings played use WBSC two-runner tiebreaker.

## Teams by number of wins

| Team | Wins | Losses |
| Yomiuri Giants | 22 | 14 |
| Saitama Seibu Lions$^1$ | 13 | 8 |
| Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks$^2$ | 11 | 10 |
| Tokyo Yakult Swallows | 6 | 3 |
| Orix Buffaloes$^3$ | 5 | 10 |
| Chiba Lotte Marines$^4$ | 4 | 2 |
| Hiroshima Toyo Carp | 3 | 5 |
| Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters$^5$ | 3 | 4 |
| Yokohama DeNA BayStars$^6$ | 3 | 1 |
| Chunichi Dragons | 2 | 8 |
| Hanshin Tigers | 2 | 5 |
| Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles | 1 | 0 |
| Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes$^7$ | 0 | 4 |
| Shochiku Robins$^8$ | 0 | 1 |
$^1$The franchise currently known as the Saitama Seibu Lions had a Japan Series record of 3–2 as the Nishitetsu Lions. $^2$The franchise currently known as the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks had a Japan Series record of 2–8 as the Nankai Hawks, and 2–1 as the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks. $^3$The franchise currently known as the Orix Buffaloes had a Japan Series record of 3–7 as the Hankyu Braves, and 1–1 as the Orix BlueWave. It took its current name in 2005 after merging with the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes. $^4$The franchise currently known as the Chiba Lotte Marines had a Japan Series record of 1–0 as the Mainichi Orions, 0–1 as the Daimai Orions, and 1–1 as the Lotte Orions. $^5$The franchise currently known as the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters had a Japan Series record of 1–0 as the Toei Flyers. $^6$The franchise has a Japan Series record of 1–0 as Yokohama Baystars and a Japan Series record of 1–0 as the Taiyō Whales. $^7$The Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes were merged with the Orix BlueWave in 2005 to form the Orix Buffaloes. $^8$The Shochiku Robins were merged with the Taiyō Whales in 1953, eventually becoming the Yokohama DeNA BayStars.

## Leagues by number of wins

| Central League | 38–37 | Pacific League |

## Streaks and droughts

* The Yomiuri Giants won nine consecutive Japan Series championships from 1965 to 1973. The second-longest streak is four consecutive championships, accomplished by the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks from 2017 to 2020. Three consecutive championships have been accomplished by the Yomiuri Giants (1951–1953), the Nishitetsu Lions (1956–1958), the Hankyu Braves (1975–1977), and twice by the Seibu Lions (1986–1988 and 1990–1992).
* The Yomiuri Giants also won five consecutive Central League pennants from 1955 to 1959, and 19 of the 23 Central League pennants from 1951 to 1973. The Giants also won two or three consecutive Central League pennants on several other occasions. The other teams to win consecutive Central League pennants are the Hiroshima Toyo Carp (1979–1980 and 2016–2018), the Yakult Swallows (1992–1993 and 2021–2022), and the Chunichi Dragons (2006–2007 and 2010–2011).
* The Nankai Hawks won three consecutive Pacific League pennants twice (1951–1953 and 1964–1966). The Hankyu Braves won nine of the 12 Pacific League pennants from 1967 to 1978, including three consecutive (1967–1969) and four consecutive (1975–1978). The Seibu Lions won 11 of the 14 Pacific League pennants from 1985 to 1998, including four consecutive (1985–1988) and five consecutive (1990–1994). The Orix Buffaloes are the most recent team to win three consecutive Pacific League pennants (2021–2023).
* Franchises have gone 20 years or more without a Japan Series championship over the following intervals:
** Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes, 55 years (1950–2004, the entire franchise history; the drought extends to 72 years if one includes the history of the merged Orix Buffaloes, who finally won the 2022 Japan Series).
** Chunichi Dragons, 52 years (1955–2006)
** Toei Flyers / Nippon-Ham Fighters, 43 years (1963–2005)
** Hiroshima Toyo Carp, 40 years (1985–present)
** Taiyo Whales / Yokohama BayStars, 37 years (1961–1997)
** Hanshin Tigers, 38 years (1986–2022)
** Hanshin Tigers, 35 years (1950–1984)
** Nankai/Fukuoka Hawks, 34 years (1965–1998)
** Lotte Orions / Chiba Lotte Marines, 30 years (1975–2004)
** Hiroshima Toyo Carp, 29 years (1950–1978)
** Kokutetsu Swallows / Sankei Atoms / Yakult Swallows, 28 years (1950–1977)
** Yokohama BayStars / Yokohama DeNA BayStars, 26 years (1999–2024)
** Hankyu Braves, 25 years (1950–1974)
** Mainichi/Daimai/Tokyo/Lotte Orions, 23 years (1951–1973)
** Nishitetsu Lions / Seibu Lions, 24 years (1959–1981)
* Franchises have gone 20 years or more without a league pennant over the following intervals:
** Taiyo Whales / Yokohama BayStars, 38 years (1961–1997)
** Lotte Orions / Chiba Lotte Marines, 31 years (1975–2004)
** Yokohama BayStars / Yokohama DeNA BayStars, 26 years (1998–2024)
** Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes, 30 years (1950–1978)
** Hiroshima Toyo Carp, 26 years (1950–1974)
** Nankai/Fukuoka Hawks, 26 years (1974–1998)
** Nippon-Ham Fighters, 25 years (1982–2005)
** Hiroshima Toyo Carp, 25 years (1992–2015)
** Hanshin Tigers, 21 years (1965–1984)

## Individual awards

Two individual awards are given out at the conclusion of the Japan Series: the Most Valuable Player Award, given to the most impactful player on the winning team; and the Fighting Spirit Award, given to the most impactful player on the losing team. As stated above, the FSA was only given to a player on the winning team once; Kazuhisa Inao won it in 1956, despite being on the winning side, the Nishitetsu Lions.