OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lauren Alloy

Lauren B. Alloy (born Lauren Helene Bersh; November 22, 1953) is an American psychologist, recognized for her research on mood disorders. Along with colleagues Lyn Abramson and Gerald Metalsky, she developed the hopelessness theory of depression. With Abramson, she also developed the depressive realism hypothesis. Alloy is a professor of psychology at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

## Biography

Alloy was born in Philadelphia in 1953. She earned her B.A. in Psychology in 1974 and her Ph.D. in experimental and clinical psychology in 1979, both from the University of Pennsylvania. Her graduate school mentors were psychologists Martin Seligman and Richard Solomon.
Alloy was a faculty member at Northwestern University from 1979 to 1989. She has been a professor of psychology in the Department of Psychology at Temple University since 1989. Her research focuses on cognitive, interpersonal, and biopsychosocial processes in the onset and maintenance of depression and bipolar disorder. She is the author of over 250 scholarly publications.
In the late 1970s, Alloy and her longtime collaborator Abramson demonstrated that depressed individuals held a more accurate view than their non-depressed counterparts in a test which measured the illusion of control. This finding, termed "depressive realism", held true even when the depression was manipulated experimentally.

## Selected awards

* 2014 - Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Lifetime Achievement Award (jointly with Lyn Abramson)
* 2014 - Society for Research in Psychopathology Joseph Zubin Award
* 2009 - Association for Psychological Science James McKeen Cattell Award for Lifetime Achievement in Applied Psychological Research (jointly with Lyn Abramson)
* 2003 - Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology Distinguished Scientist Award (jointly with Lyn Abramson)
* 2002 - American Psychological Association Master Lecturer Award in Psychopathology (jointly with Lyn Abramson)
* 1984 - American Psychological Association Young Psychologist Award

## Selected works

* Alloy, L.B., & Abramson, L.Y. (2007). Depressive realism. In R. Baumeister & K. Vohs (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Social Psychology (pp. 242–243). New York: Sage Publications.
* Alloy, L. B., Kelly, K. A., Mineka, S., & Clements, C. M. (1990). Comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders: a helplessness-hopelessness perspective.
* Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological review, 96(2), 358.
* Alloy, L.B., & Abramson, L.Y. (1988). Depressive realism: Four theoretical perspectives. In L.B. Alloy (Ed.), Cognitive processes in depression. New York: Guilford.
* Alloy, L. B., & Tabachnik, N. (1984). Assessment of covariation by humans and animals: the joint influence of prior expectations and current situational information. Psychological review, 91(1), 112.
* Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979). Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?. Journal of experimental psychology: General, 108(4), 441.
# Sukh Mahal

Sukh Mahal, also known as Sukh Niwas Mahal, is a historic palace located in Bundi, a district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The palace is often associated with Rudyard Kipling, who is believed to have drawn inspiration from its beauty for his famous work, "Kim (novel)".

## History

Sukh Mahal, translating to "Palace of Pleasure", was built during the reign of Rao Raja Vishnu Singh in the early 18th century, under the supervision of his Diwan and architect Sukhram in 1776 A.D. The palace served as a summer retreat for the rulers of Bundi. Over the years, it has also been a place of residence for visiting dignitaries and guests of the royal family.

## Architecture

The architecture of Sukh Mahal is a blend of Mughal and Rajput styles. The palace is built with white marble and features carved pillars, chhatris, and ornate ceilings.
Sukh Mahal is located on the banks of Jait Sagar Lake. The lake plays a crucial role in its cooling system. The palace is designed to allow the cool breeze from the lake to circulate through its corridors, making it an ideal summer residence.

## The Rudyard Kipling connection

Sukh Mahal holds a special place in literary history due to its association with the British author Rudyard Kipling. During his visit to Bundi in the late 19th century, Kipling stayed at Sukh Mahal and was captivated by its charm and beauty. The palace and its surroundings inspired parts of his novel "Kim", particularly the scenes depicting the life of the protagonist in a similar setting.

## Present day

Today, Sukh Mahal is a popular tourist attraction in Bundi. The palace is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and has been preserved as a heritage site. Visitors can explore the palace's various rooms, enjoy the scenic views of Jait Sagar Lake, and gain insights into the regal lifestyle of Bundi's former rulers.

## Tourism and cultural significance

Sukh Mahal is located near other historic sites such as the Taragarh Fort, Chaurasi Khambon ki Chhatri and the Raniji Ki Baori (Queen's Stepwell). The palace is especially popular during the Bundi Utsav, an annual festival that celebrates the town's culture with music, dance, and traditional performances.

## Accessibility

Sukh Mahal is easily accessible from the town of Bundi, which is well-connected by road and rail to major cities in Rajasthan. The nearest major airport is in Jaipur, approximately 210 kilometers away. Visitors can hire local guides to learn more about the palace's history and architectural features.
# Maria Allegrini

Maria Allegrini is an Italian physicist, retired as a professor at the University of Pisa. Her research has concerned nanophotonics and experimental condensed matter physics at the nanoscale with extremely low temperatures achieved by laser cooling.

## Education and career

Allegrini earned a laurea (at the time, the Italian equivalent of a master's degree) in 1969 from the University of Pisa. She continued her studies at the University of Reading in the UK, where she completed a Ph.D. in physics in 1973.
She was a researcher for the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in its Pisa-based Istituto di Fisica Atomica e Molecolare from 1972 until 1988, when she became an associate professor of experimental physics at the University of Pisa. She took a full professorship at the University of Messina in 1994. She returned to the University of Pisa as a full professor in 2000, and remained there until her retirement.

## Recognition

Allegrini was named as a Fellow of the Institute of Physics in the UK, in 2001. She became a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2012, after a nomination from the APS Forum on International Physics, "for contributions to laser interactions with atoms and small molecules: energy pooling collisions, high resolution spectroscopy, laser cooling of diatomic molecules, and contributions to international physics through collaborations and professional service".
Saint Petersburg State University in Russia gave her an honorary doctorate in 2004.
# Dog Bark Park Inn

The Dog Bark Park Inn is a hotel located along Highway 95 in Cottonwood, Idaho. The hotel is built in the shape of a beagle, making it a famous landmark in the state. It is colloquially known as "Sweet Willy" by local residents. The hotel, which is located in north central Idaho, is a two-bedroom bed and breakfast which also features dog-themed contents.

## History

Designed and building by Dennis Sullivan & Frances Conklin as the World's Biggest Beagle the bed and breakfast inn opened in August 2003.
| Inside the Dog Bark Park Inn | Toby and Sweet Willy Dog Bark Park Inn |

## Facilities

Dog Bark Park consists of the bed & breakfast inn, a gift shop & visitors center, and the gallery of chainsaw artists Dennis Sullivan & Frances Conklin. Many breeds of dog carvings are prominently featured.
# The Turn-Ons

The Turn-ons are an alternative rock band formed in 1997 in Seattle, Washington. Current members are Travis DeVries, Corey Gutch, Will Hallauer, and Erik Blood.
The Turn-ons have been performing in the Northwest, California and NY with bands like, Brian Jonestown Massacre, British Sea Power, and Ulrich Schnauss, and tirelessly writing and recording new material over the past 11 years. They caught the eye of REM's Peter Buck who described the band in his column for Q magazine, as "...simply my favourite new Seattle band. If I said that their sound was a combination of the Velvets, T. Rex and Spiritualized with a dash of Yo La Tengo, it wouldn't do them justice."
The Turn-ons have released three full-length albums, The Turn-ons, East, Parallels and the EP Love Ruined Us. Their songs have appeared on soundtracks, ASCAP and Uncut samplers, and featured in SPIN magazine.
On April 1, 2008, the Turn-ons released their 4th & 5th full-length albums, "Curse", and "The Darkest Light[out-takes, demos, & alternates]". Both albums are available for free to download from their web page, www.theturn-ons.com.
In 2009 Travis DeVries moved to NYC to start his new band, deVries with Sean Gibbons, Brian Brennan, Martin Glazier and Jeremy Sampson. In November they released their debut album "Death to God".

## Discography

* The Turn-ons, 2000
* Love Ruined Us (EP), 2002
* East, 2004
* Parallels, 2006
* Curse, 2008
* The Darkest Light [demos, out-takes, & alternates], 2008
# Military Intelligence (Czech Republic)

Military Intelligence (Czech; Vojenské zpravodajství, abbreviated as VZ) is the military intelligence service of the Czech Republic with activities in such fields as Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Signal Intelligence (SIGINT), Open Sources Intelligence (OSINT). The agency also procures intelligence from co-operation with two or more intelligence agencies at a time. While Military Intelligence activities are directed all around the world, most activities are focused on so called "crisis regions" such as the Balkans, the Middle East, Afghanistan – Pakistan, Commonwealth of Independent States and Africa. In the past, Military Intelligence has cooperated with several intelligence agencies such as the Security Information Service, Office for Foreign Relations and Information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Police of the Czech Republic, General Customs Directorate.
Czech Military Intelligence also predicted the annexation of Crimea and the development of Ukraine. Military Intelligence also reported that Russia is trying to change the internal political situation in post-Soviet states where the most successful change was in Ukraine.

## History

The history of the Military Intelligence (Vojenského Zpravodajství) dates back to the first world war when the first intelligence groups were formed in the Czechoslovak Legions. The foundation of what would be Czech military intelligence would be laid down on October 28, 1918.

## Director

The current director of Military Intelligence is Lieutenant General Jan Beroun who was born in 1962. He graduated from the FBI National Academy in Quantico, Virginia, United States. He became director of Military Intelligence on 22 October 2014. He is skilled in English and a passive speaker of Russian.
# Tiger-style

Tiger-style, TigerStyle, Tiger Style, or variant, may refer to:
* TigerStyle MMA, A Mixed Martial Arts Gym in East London
* Tiger Style Records, record company
* Tiger Kung Fu, Tiger-style of Kung Fu
* Tiger Kuntao, Tiger-style of Kuntao
* Tigerstripe, Tiger-style clothing
* Tiger Style, game company
* Tigerstyle, Scottish band
# Maghihintay Pa Rin

Maghihintay Pa Rin (transl. still waiting / international title: Bitter Sweet Life) is a 2013 Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Don Michael Perez, it stars Bianca King, Rafael Rosell and Dion Ignacio. It premiered on June 10, 2013 on the network's Afternoon Prime line up. The series concluded on September 27, 2013 with a total of 79 episodes.

## Cast and characters
### Lead cast

* Bianca King as Geneva "Gen" de Villa
* Rafael Rosell as Francisco "Kiko" Sebastian
* Dion Ignacio as Orlando "Orly" Ramirez

### Supporting cast

* JC Tiuseco as Ricky Alvarado
* Tanya Gomez as Trinidad Sebastian
* Julie Lee as Grace Lim
* JM Reyes as Cholo Sebastian
* Daniella Amable as Lita Sebastian
* Sachi Manahan as Sebastian
* Diva Montelaba as Milan
* Lou Sison as Leni
* Bryan Pagala as Francisco "Franz" de Villa Sebastian Jr.
* Ynez Veneracion as Stella Ramirez
* Nathalie Hart as Yvette Chua-Villafuerte
* AJ Dee as Lance Villafuerte
* Ayen Munji-Laurel as Catriona "Rio" de Villa

## Development

Conceptualized by Richard Cruz and developed by Kit Villanueva-Langit, the project—which initially titled as Hindi Kita Iiwan was put on the fast track by the network for a second week of June 2013 premiere. On the mid-part of April 2013, a detailed breakdown of the script was released, containing information on the plot and characters which would be in the series. It also revealed the names of two of the three actors chosen for the lead roles. However, during the casting process of the show, several revisions were made.
Executive producer, Darling Pulido-Torres described the show a reminiscent of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, but not a "stereotypical romance". She also added that the series is especially dedicated for the Overseas Filipino Workers around the world.

### Casting

Bianca King and Dion Ignacio were personally chosen by the network management to portray the lead characters and were the first two actors to be cast. King was signed on to play Geneva de Villa, a Richie-rich young lass "who will do everything in the name of love." King summarized her character as being intelligent, brave and compassionate – far from the usual "damsel in distress" roles she portrayed in her past projects.

## Production

Principal photography commenced in the middle of May 2013. Most of the scenes were shot on location in Quezon City. They also filmed scenes in Singapore. Filming locations were chosen by the series' director Don Michael Perez and by production designer Melvin Lacerna.

## Ratings

According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of Maghihintay Pa Rin earned an 11.7% rating. The final episode scored a 14.4% rating.
# LSG (band)

LSG is an R&B supergroup, composed of R&B artists Gerald Levert from Cleveland, Ohio, Keith Sweat from Harlem, New York and Johnny Gill from Washington, D.C. The group's name "LSG" is derived from the first letter in the last name of each artist (Levert, Sweat, Gill).
In 1997, LSG released their debut album titled Levert.Sweat.Gill. With the chart-topping lead single "My Body", the album was quickly certified platinum.
LSG released a follow-up final album in 2003 titled LSG2.
Johnny Gill announced on the September 12, 2013 episode of The Arsenio Hall Show that Eddie Levert, Gerald's father, will replace him as the "L" in LSG. Gerald Levert died in 2006.

## History

This project began when Keith Sweat called Gerald Levert and told him about an idea to record with Johnny Gill. For their 1997 debut album, they collaborated with popular producers and guest appearances including Sean Combs, Jermaine Dupri, LL Cool J, MC Lyte, and Busta Rhymes.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications (sales threshold) |
| Title | Details | US | US R&B | FRA | NL | Certifications (sales threshold) |
| Levert.Sweat.Gill | Release date: November 11, 1997 Label: East West Records Formats: CD, cassette | 4 | 2 | — | 35 | US: 2× Platinum |
| LSG2 | Release date: July 28, 2003 Label: East West/Elektra Records Formats: CD | 6 | 3 | 127 | — | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart |||||||

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications (sales threshold) | Album |
| Year | Single | US | US R&B | NL | NZ | Certifications (sales threshold) | Album |
| 1997 | "My Body" | 4 | 1 | 32 | 18 | US: Platinum | Levert.Sweat.Gill |
| 1998 | "Curious" | — | — | — | — | | Levert.Sweat.Gill |
| 1998 | "Door #1" | — | — | — | — | | Levert.Sweat.Gill |
| 2003 | "Just Friends" | — | 74 | — | — | | LSG2 |
| 2003 | "Shakedown" | — | — | — | — | | LSG2 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart ||||||||
# Saide Arifova

Saide Arifova (13 February 1916 – 9 September 2007) was a Crimean Tatar woman from Bakhchisarai, Crimea, who saved at least 74 Jewish children from the Nazis and the NKVD during World War II.

## Life

During the Nazi occupation of Crimea she worked as a kindergarten director and managed to forge documents, altering the Jewish children's recorded ethnicity to Crimean Tatar, teaching them to speak Crimean Tatar and to adopt Crimean Tatar customs. She also managed to conceal children from Kerch orphanage, who were due to be sent to Germany for medical experiments. The Nazis suspected she was involved in their concealment and tortured her, but she did not disclose any information. Despite resisting the Nazis and becoming a victim of the Gestapo herself, she still was deported to Uzbek SSR during Sürgün, as the Crimean Tatars were considered collectively guilty of collaboration. She did manage to convince the NKVD that the children were Jewish, not Crimean Tatar, and save them from exile. Only after Perestroika did she return to Crimea where she died in 2007.
Multiple sources claim she was declared Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem, but she is not listed as a person awarded the title anywhere in their database. She is the main protagonist in the 2017 Ukrainian film, Another's Prayer, directed by Akhtem Seitablaiev, a Crimean Tatar film director who was born in exile. The movie was supposed to be filmed in Crimea, but after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014 it was instead filmed in Georgia and mainland Ukraine.
# European Leadership Network

European Leadership Network (ELN) is a pan-European think-tank focusing on European foreign, defence and security issues based in London, United Kingdom.

## History and Organisation

The ELN was founded as part of a project by the Nuclear Security Project in an effort to "help create the political space for dialogue, education and action on the vision and steps toward a world without nuclear weapons". At the end of 2013 the ELN broadened its focus and remit of work to address a much wider range of foreign and security policy challenges facing Europe.
The ELN is currently chaired by former UK Defence Secretary Des Browne. In March 2015, Lord Browne and former Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov, both won the prestigious Nunn-Lugar Award for Promoting Nuclear Security, in part for their work with the European Leadership Network.
The ELN specialises on security issues.
On 27 March 2015, the Carnegie Corporation of New York announced that it was funding the European Leadership Network for 24 months, as part of its philanthropic efforts.

## Activities

The ELN operates through a network of former European political, military, and diplomatic leaders and supports this network with in-house research and events. The network itself contains members not just from the EU but also Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Georgia, Albania, Norway, and Serbia. Such a scope has as its basis a conception of a Greater Europe similar to that of the OSCE.
In 2014 the European Leadership Network has expanded to tackle broader European and global security issues, including the Ebola crisis, near-misses between Russian and Western militaries, and the expanding Russo-Chinese relationship
A report published by the European Leadership Network in 2015, title Dangerous Brinkmanship: closer military encounters between Russia and the West in 2015 generated considerable attention around the world. At the 2015 Munich Security Conference in February 2015, conference chairman Wolfgang Ischinger, also a member of the European Leadership Network, publicly questioned Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov on the findings of the ELN report. In May 2015, 68 members of the European Leadership Members signed a global statement in support of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ahead of its Review Conference in New York. The statement was also signed by senior figures from Latin America, the United States and Asia-Pacific.
The European Leadership Network administers the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation (TLG)

## Partners

* Top Level Group
* Nuclear Threat Initiative

## Supporters

* Carnegie Corporation of New York
* Nuclear Threat Initiative
* Ploughshares Fund
* Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust (JRCT)
* Polden-Puckham Charitable Foundation (PPCF)
* The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
# Phankham Viphavanh

Phankham Viphavanh (Lao: ພັນຄຳ ວິພາວັນ; born 14 April 1951) is a Laotian politician, a member of the Politburo and the Executive Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. He became the Prime Minister of Laos, who was elected by the National Assembly of Laos in March 2021.
He was deputy minister in the prime minister's office from 2003 to 2005, then was elected to the eighth Party Central Committee in 2006, and became governor of Houaphanh province. He was elected to politburo in 2011, and then held the position of Minister of Education and Sports. He was also the president of the Lao–Vietnam Friendship Association.
In 2014, he became the Deputy Prime Minister and in April 2016, he was elected as Vice President of Laos.
# Virdimura

Virdimura (fl. 1376) was a Sicilian Jewish doctor, the first woman officially certified to practice medicine in Sicily.

## Biography

Though few biographical details of Virdimura are known, she was a Jewish woman living in Catania, Sicily, in the 14th century.
She was trained in the practice of Jewish medicine, perhaps by her husband, Pasquale de Medico of Catania, who was also thought to be a physician. It is not known if Pasquale was Jewish or not.
She obtained a royal license to practice medicine across the island of Sicily on November 7, 1376, with the approval of the doctors of King Frederick's royal court. Virdimura was asked to complete exams for the certification. Her patients also testified on her behalf, and the licensing documentation notes that the examiners took into consideration the "praise universally given her."
With this, she became the first woman physician with this designation on the island. She subsequently traveled throughout Sicily treating patients.
Virdimura particularly focused on treating poor and disabled patients, charging them less for her services than her male contemporaries. This also likely meant that she treated both female and male patients, and both Jews and gentiles.

## Legacy

The International Virdimura Award, which recognizes doctors with a humanitarian mission, is named for her.
A square in Catania, in the San Giovanni Galermo [it] district, was also named in her honor in 2020.
In 2024, a biography of the doctor, titled Virdimura, was published by the Syracusean writer Lo Iacono Simona.
# Hatherley Brook

Hatherley Brook is a tributary of the River Severn. It begins at Up Hatherley and flows in a westernly direction towards Longford, its mouth being the Severn.
Part of the brook forms a section of the boundary between the villages of Longford and Sandhurst, Innsworth and Twigworth, and Innsworth and Down Hatherley. Hatherley is culverted as it passes under the A38, A40, and M5 roads.

## Course

Starting in an urban environment in Up Hatherley, Cheltenham, the brook takes an almost northwesternly-flowing direction, passing near GCHQ and heading towards Staverton. At this point, it begins to flow west and enters into a more rural area.
Continuing it's journey westward, Hatherley Brook enters the villages of Down Hatherley, Innsworth, and Longford, before reaching it's mouth on the River Severn East Channel.

## Flooding

The Environment Agency monitors Hatherley Brook to manage flood risks effectively. For example, at the Sandhurst station, water levels are closely observed to provide timely flood warnings to the local community.