OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Scalar boson

A scalar boson is a boson whose spin equals zero. A boson is a particle whose wave function is symmetric under particle exchange and therefore follows Bose–Einstein statistics. The spin–statistics theorem implies that all bosons have an integer-valued spin. Scalar bosons are the subset of bosons with zero-valued spin.
The name scalar boson arises from quantum field theory, which demands that fields of spin-zero particles transform like a scalar under Lorentz transformation (i.e. are Lorentz invariant).
A pseudoscalar boson is a scalar boson that has odd parity, whereas "regular" scalar bosons have even parity.

## Examples
### Scalar

* The only fundamental scalar boson in the Standard Model of particle physics is the Higgs boson, the existence of which was confirmed on 14 March 2013 at the Large Hadron Collider by CMS and ATLAS. As a result of this confirmation, the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Peter Higgs and François Englert.
* Various known composite particles are scalar bosons, e.g. the alpha particle and scalar mesons.
* The φ$^4$-theory or quartic interaction is a popular "toy model" quantum field theory that uses scalar bosonic fields, used in many introductory quantum textbooks to introduce basic concepts in field theory.

### Pseudoscalar

* There are no fundamental pseudoscalars in the Standard Model, but there are several pseudoscalar mesons, like the pion.
# Stephen Beachy

Stephen Beachy (born 1965) is an American writer.

## Early life

Beachy's parents are Mennonites and his paternal grandparents were Old Order Amish. Beachy is a second cousin of biologist Philip Beachy and historian Robert M. Beachy and also a relative of biologist Roger N. Beachy. He attended the University of Iowa from 1983 to 1990, both as an undergrad and in the Iowa Writers' Workshop. As a student he traveled extensively in the US and Latin America, sometimes by motorcycle and sometimes hitchhiking, which influenced his first novel.

## Writings

His first novel, The Whistling Song, with cover illustrations by Curt Kirkwood, was published in 1991, and his second novel, Distortion, in 2000. Two novellas, Some Phantom and No Time Flat, were published in 2006 and have been described as a cross between The Turn of the Screw and Herk Harvey's Carnival of Souls.
Robert Gluck said, "Stephen Beachy is a visionary. In these twin novellas, he explores madness and crime with the nocturnal lyricism of empty time and space." His novel boneyard, was published in 2011. It is a collaboration with a young Amish boy, Jake Yoder, whose existence is unconfirmed, and deals with the West Nickel Mines School shooting in Nickel Mines, PA.
Beachy has said his influences for that work include the Brothers Grimm, Agota Kristof, Kathy Acker, and the many multibiographies written by authors with multiple personality disorder. Beachy's fiction has also been published in BOMB, Chicago Review, Blithe House Quarterly, SHADE, and various anthologies.
His nonfiction publications include an essay God's Radar Screen in the anthology Love, Castro Street. He has written literary and film criticism for the San Francisco Bay Guardian. In October, 2005, he published an article in New York Magazine, exposing the writer JT LeRoy as the concoction of a woman named Laura Albert, with the help of her family members.
Beachy has been cited by scholar Daniel Shank Cruz as an important figure in Queer Mennonite literature.

## Teaching and Editing

From 1995 to 1996, he taught for WritersCorps in San Francisco. Since 1999 Beachy has taught in the MFA Program at the University of San Francisco. He is the Prose Editor of the literary journal Your Impossible Voice, which has featured the work of Jessica Hagedorn, Horacio Castellanos Moya, Stacey Levine, and Daniel Borzutzky, among others.
# Ron Stewart (Oklahoma politician)

Ron Stewart is an American politician who has served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives representing 73rd district since November 2024.

## Career

Stewart is a citizen of the Choctaw Nation and worked as a firefighter and paramedic with the Tulsa Fire Department for 18 years. He also owns a small office building he rents to businesses.

## Oklahoma House

Stewart ran for the Oklahoma House of Representatives' 73rd district to succeed Regina Goodwin, who retired to run for the Oklahoma Senate's 11th district. He faced Darrell Knox in the Democratic primary and was endorsed by Jabar Shumate. He won the June primary election and the general election was cancelled since no non-Democratic candidates filed for the district.
In February 2025, despite himself being a Choctaw citizen, Stewart introduced Bill 1118 in the Oklahoma House, that would "terminate any agreements, compacts and funds of the state of Oklahoma possessed by the tribes if they do not grant fair and equal rights to their freedman citizens." As the Cherokee Nation grants citizenship to their freedmen descendents, the bill is explicitly targeted at the Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and the Choctaw. In an article for the Tulsa World, he claimed the intention of his bill was "not to force tribes to change their policies, but to force us to have a courageous and constructive conversation."
# Taramon Bibi

Taramon Bibi Bir Protik (c. 1956 – 1 December 2018) was one of the two female freedom fighters in Bangladesh obtaining the Bir Protik award. She engaged in direct combat during the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971 as a member of the Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army) which was a guerrilla force that fought against the Pakistan military.

## Biography

Bibi was born in Shankar Madhabpur village, Kurigram District to Abdus Sobhan and Kulsum Bewa. She was hired by the Mukti Bahini as a help cook and clean the camp when she was 16. She was interested in the war effort and asked Havildar Muhit in infantry regiment of Sector 11 to train. He trained her on the usage of .303 British rifle and submachine guns. She was in Sector 11 under the leadership of sector commander Abu Taher.
Taramon Bibi died at her residence at Char Rajibpur Upazila, Kurigram, at 1:30am on 1 December 2018.

## Award

After the war, she was awarded Bir Protik (Symbol of Valour) by Bangladesh government in 1973. But her whereabouts were unknown and the award was never handed over to her. She herself remained unaware of this until 1995 when a researcher from Mymensingh discovered her. She was finally given her award by then Prime Minister of Bangladesh Khaleda Zia on 19 December 1995.

## Personal life

Bibi was married to Abdul Majid. Together they had a son, Abu Taher, and a daughter.
# Ron Romanick

Ronald James Romanick (born November 6, 1960) is an American professional baseball pitcher and pitching coach. He is the minor league pitching coordinator for the New York Mets organization. Romanick played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the California Angels from 1984 through 1986. In 2011, he was the Oakland Athletics' pitching coach.

## Early years

Romanick graduated from Newport High School in Bellevue, Washington in 1979. He was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the third round of the 1979 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign, choosing instead to attend Arizona State University, where he played for the Arizona State Sun Devils baseball team. He was drafted again in 1980, this time by the San Diego Padres, in the first round (seventh overall) of the June Secondary amateur draft, but again did not sign.
Romanick finally said yes to the California Angels, who drafted him in the first round (fourth overall) of the 1981 January Secondary Draft. He spent three seasons in their minor league system, compiling a 30-25 record and 3.89 earned run average in 71 starts.

## Playing career

He won a roster spot with the Angels out of Spring training 1984, going 12-12 with a 3.76 ERA his rookie season. He improved to 14-9 in 1985. Perhaps the biggest game Romanick ever pitched was on October 2, 1985 against the Kansas City Royals. Having once had a 6.5 game lead in their division, the Angels found themselves just one game up on the Kansas City Royals in the American League West when they headed to Royals Stadium for a four-game set on September 30. The Royals won the game on a three hit performance by Bud Black, and went on to win the division by a game.
After finishing second to Kansas City in Romanick's first two seasons in the big leagues, the Angels finally captured their division in 1986, however, Romanick had not pitched for the major league club since July 21, and was left off the post-season roster.
Following the 1986 season, he was traded with a player to be named later (who would be Alan Mills) to the New York Yankees for Butch Wynegar. He spent the entire 1987 season with the Yankees' triple A affiliate, the Columbus Clippers, where he went 5-8 with a 5.16 ERA. He spent the following season in the Milwaukee Brewers organization before retiring.

## Coaching career

Romanick worked as a minor league pitching coordinator and coach with the Seattle Mariners organization from 1992 through 1998. He worked as minor league roving pitching instructor for the Athletics from 1999 through 2007. On October 17, 2007, the A's promoted Romanick to the parent club as their bullpen coach, replacing Brad Fischer.
On November 1, 2010, Romanick was named the pitching coach for the Athletics when Curt Young left to become the new pitching coach for the Boston Red Sox. Romanick was not retained after the 2011 season as manager Bob Melvin opted to have coaches of his own. The New York Mets hired Romanick as their minor league pitching coordinator in December 2011.
# Twin Sisters Lookout

The Twin Sisters Lookout, also known as the Twin Sisters Radio Tower and the Twin Sisters Shelter Cabin, was built by the U.S. Forest Service in 1914, the year before the establishment of Rocky Mountain National Park. The rustic stone structure was taken over by the National Park Service in 1925. The one-story building has an arched roof with a trap door to provide access when snow has drifted over the ground-level door. From 1914 to 1969, the shelter served as accommodations for fire observation crews at a nearby frame lookout, which has since vanished. The building is now used as a radio repeater station.
# Kaisa Hiilelä

Amanda Katariina (Kaisa) Hiilelä (born Hildén, 23 October 1891 – 4 April 1977) was a Finnish politician. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland 1930–1958 for the Social Democratic Party of Finland.

## Life and career

Hiilelä was born to a peasant family in Lempäälä. She worked as a maid until 1907 when she was employed by the Finlayson cotton mill in Tampere. She joined the Social Democratic Party in 1908. In 1916-1919 Hiilelä worked as a treasurer of the Tampere Workers' Society and 1920–1946 the treasurer and secretary of the Paperworkers' Union.
Hiilelä was elected to the Parliament of Finland in 1930. She was a member of the electoral college in the 1931, 1950 and 1956 presidential elections and a member of the Tampere City Council.

## Family

Kaisa Hiilelä's sister was the politician Ida Vihuri. The Minister of Education Reino Oittinen was their nephew.
# C17H25NO5

The molecular formula C$_{17}$H$_{25}$NO$_5$ (molar mass: 323.38 g/mol; exact mass: 323.173274 u) may refer to:
* Alloxydim
* Dibutepinephrine
# Rachana (film)

Rachana is a 1983 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Mohan and produced by Sivan Kunnampilly. The film stars Srividya, Nedumudi Venu, Bharath Gopi and Mammootty in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. B. Sreenivasan. Bharath Gopi won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor and the Kerala Film Critics' Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film. Srividya won the Kerala State Film award for Best Actress for her performance in the same movie.

## Cast

* Srividya as Sarada
* Nedumudi Venu as Achyuthanunni
* Bharath Gopi as Sreeprasad
* Mammootty as Gopi
* Jagathy Sreekumar as Thomas
* Vijay Menon as Rajan
* Poornima Jayaram as Thulasi
* Thrissur Elsy as Thomas's wife

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. B. Sreenivasan and the lyrics were written by Mullanezhi.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Kaalamayoorame" | S. Janaki | Mullanezhi | |
| 2 | "Onnaanaam Kaattile" | S. Janaki, Unni Menon | Mullanezhi | |

## Awards

Kerala State Film Awards
* Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor – Bharat Gopy
* Kerala State Film award for Best Actress – Srividya
Kerala Film Critics' Award
* Best Actor – Bharat Gopy
# Avren Municipality

Avren Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Аврен) is a seaside municipality (obshtina) in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative centre – the village of Avren.
Its area spreads from Provadiya Municipality in the west to the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the east. To the south the municipality is mostly defined by the Kamchiya river and its estuary. It embraces a territory of 380 km$^2$ (150 sq mi) with a population, as of December 2009, of 9,089 inhabitants.

## Settlements

Avren Municipality includes the following 17 places, all of them are villages:
| Town/Village | Cyrillic | Population (December 2009) |
| Avren | Аврен | 750 |
| Benkovski | Бенковски | 445 |
| Bliznatsi | Близнаци | 842 |
| Bolyartsi | Болярци | 192 |
| Dobri Dol | Добри дол | 34 |
| Dabravino | Дъбравино | 1,460 |
| Kazashka Reka | Казашка река | 326 |
| Kitka | Китка | 247 |
| Krusha | Круша | 113 |
| Priseltsi | Приселци | 849 |
| Ravna Gora | Равна гора | 236 |
| Sadovo | Садово | 351 |
| Sindel | Синдел | 1,259 |
| Tsarevtsi | Царевци | 841 |
| Trastikovo | Тръстиково | 657 |
| Yunak | Юнак | 145 |
| Zdravets | Здравец | 342 |
| Total | | 9,089 |

## Demography

The following table shows the change of the population during the last four decades.
Avren Municipality :
| Year | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 |
| Population | 12,054 | 9,676 | 8,817 | 8,714 | 9,074 | 9,064 | 9,089 | ... |
| Sources: Census 2001, Census 2011, „pop-stat.mashke.org“, |||||||||

### Religion

According to the latest Bulgarian census of 2011, the religious composition, among those who answered the optional question on religious identification, was the following:
Religious composition of Avren Municipality
Orthodox Christianity
62.3%
Catholicism
0.4%
Protestantism
0.6%
Islam
16.6%
No religion
6.6%
Prefer not to answer, others and indefinable
13.5% :
A majority of the population of Avren Municipality identify themselves as Christians. At the 2011 census, 62.3% of respondents identified as Orthodox Christians belonging to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. There is a relatively large Muslim minority and a large part did not answer.
# Rio Grande Valley Grandes

Rio Grande Valley Grandes was an American soccer team based in Edinburg, Texas, United States. Founded in 2010, the team played in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Mid South Division of the Southern Conference. The team played its home games at Edinburg Field in nearby Edinburg, Texas. The team's colors were white, blue and gold. The team folded after its first season in 2011.

## History

The Grandes were awarded a PDL franchise on January 18, 2011 following the demise of their predecessor, the Rio Grande Valley Bravos, which had their franchise terminated by the USL Premier Development League in October 2010 when the club’s interim owner was unable to complete his financial obligations to the league. The team was officially announced as a USL Premier Development League expansion franchise on February 18, 2011.
The team played its first competitive game on May 6, 2011, a 5-1 loss to Laredo Heat. The first goal in franchise history was scored by Alfonso Cavazos.

## Players
### Roster

As of June 4, 2011.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | USA | Juan Gamboa |
| 2 | MF | MEX | Eduardo Alvarez |
| 3 | DF | MEX | Omar Apodaca |
| 4 | DF | ENG | Brian Hardie |
| 5 | DF | MEX | Kristoffer Medina |
| 6 | MF | USA | Olaff Mina |
| 7 | MF | MEX | Alexandro Gonzalez |
| 8 | DF | MEX | David Oteo |
| 9 | FW | MEX | Alfonso Cavazos |
| 10 | FW | USA | Juan Nava |
| 11 | MF | USA | Esteban Ariel Barraza |
| 12 | MF | USA | Jesus Mireles |
| 13 | DF | USA | Jairo Castillo |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 14 | MF | MEX | Oscar Valencia |
| 15 | MF | USA | Jorge Cantu |
| 16 | MF | MEX | Mario Perez |
| 17 | DF | USA | Jesus Pena |
| 18 | DF | USA | Vivian Garza |
| 19 | MF | SWE | Fredrik Ekvall |
| 22 | DF | MEX | Mario Zamora |
| 23 | MF | MEX | Noe de los Santos |
| 24 | MF | MEX | Misael Lopez |
| 00 | GK | USA | Irving Martinez |
| — | MF | USA | Robert Alexe |
| — | MF | MEX | Guillermo Flamarique |
| — | MF | USA | James Stansberry |

## Year-by-year

| Year | Division | League | Regular Season | Playoffs | Open Cup |
| 2011 | 4 | USL PDL | 6th, Mid South | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |

## Head coaches

* Gary Hamilton (2011)

## Stadia

* Edinburg Field; Edinburg, Texas (2011–present)

## Average attendance

Attendance stats are calculated by averaging each team's self-reported home attendances from the historical match archive at United Soccer Leagues (USL).
* 2011: to be announced
# Giorgio Pasotti

Giorgio Pasotti (born 22 June 1973) is an Italian actor and former martial arts athlete.

## Life and career

Born in Bergamo, Pasotti started performing martial arts at a very young age, practicing karate and kobudo and became European and World champion of wushu. He speaks five languages. Between 1994 and 1996 he lived in China, where, while studying at the Beijing Sport University, he made his film debut in American Shaolin and appeared in several other martial arts films.
Back in Italy, Pasotti continued his film career appearing in art films, blockbusters, television series and commercials. In 2005 he was appointed Shooting Star at the Berlin International Film Festival. The same year, he was nominated at David di Donatello for Best Actor for his performance in After Midnight.

## Selected filmography

* Treasure Hunt (1994)
* Drunken Master III (1994)
* Ecco fatto (1998)
* Little Teachers (1998)
* The Last Kiss (2001)
* After Midnight (2004)
* To Sleep Next To Her (2004)
* The Roses of the Desert (2006)
* Salty Air (2006)
* Baciami ancora (2010)
* Anita Garibaldi (2012)
* The Great Beauty (2013)
* Diary of a Well-to-do Maniac (2013)
* Sapore di te (2014)
* A Fairy-Tale Wedding (2014)
* Tulipani, Love, Honour and a Bicycle (2017)
* Elf Me (2023)
# Lutz Brinkmann

Lutz Brinkmann (born 27 December 1975) is a German politician from the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He was elected as a member of the German Bundestag in the 2025 federal election. He was the direct candidate in the Osnabrück-Land constituency where he received 36.6% of the first vote.
# Tales of Instant Knowledge and Sure Death

Tales of Instant Knowledge and Sure Death is the 1990 debut studio album by avant-garde rock band Idiot Flesh.

## Personnel

* E. Horace (Gene) Jun – guitar, vocals
* Nils James Larson Frykdahl – flute, vocals, guitar, saxophone, percussion
* Daniel Wilkins Rathbun – bass, engineer, vocals, cello
* Daniel Aaron Roth – drums, metal percussion, saxophone, piano
* Charles "Chuck" LaBarge Stevenson Squier – drums, cover art

### Guest musicians

* Danny Tunick – chimes, glockenspiel
* William Winant – glockenspiel, marimba
* Peter Josheff – clarinet

### Production

* Per Frykdahl – cover art
* Mark Stichman – production, engineer
* Rance Mannion – engineer
# Push Upstairs

"Push Upstairs" is a song by British electronic music group Underworld from their fifth album, Beaucoup Fish. It was released as a single on 15 March 1999. In business, to "push upstairs" means to promote someone either unwillingly or with an ulterior motive. The single peaked at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref(s). |
| United Kingdom | 15 March 1999 | 12-inch vinylCD | JBOV2 | |
| Japan | 20 March 1999 | 12-inch vinylCD | JBOV2 | |
# David Darmon

David Darmon (born 11 March 1974) is a retired French football midfielder.
# Kfar Yehoshua

Kfar Yehoshua (Hebrew: כְּפַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, lit. 'Joshua's Village') is a moshav in northern Israel. Located between Haifa and Nazareth, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,251.

## History
### Ottoman era

Near the village there is an archaeological site called Tell esh Shemmâm. During Ottoman era a Muslim village was found there. The meaning of the name is "Mound of the Melon/Colocynth". Moshe Dayan mentioned it as an example of "there is not one place built in this country which did not have a former Arab population".
In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Tel esh Shemmam as a small artificial mound.

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British authorities, Tal al-Shammam had 71 inhabitants; 70 Muslims and 1 Melkite Christian. A nearby swamp called el-Matba'ah was believed to provide relief from rheumatism, nervous pains, and sterility.
The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the Sursock Purchase. The moshav was founded in 1927, based on an agreement reached in 1923 at a Histadrut committee meeting in Nahalal. In 1924, during the Shavuot holidays, the council met in order to clarify the ideological goal of combining the idea of the kibbutz and the moshav. In 1924, a contract for the purchase of land in the western Jezreel Valley was signed under the auspices of Yehoshua Hankin. A tract of 8,000 dunams was purchased for 25,000 Egyptian pounds from the heirs of the Twsiny family (partners of the Sursocks). The village at the time was the home of 50 families. In January 1927, the committee voted to name the village for Hankin. On March 3, 1927, the wooden hut of the former tenants of the railway station in Tel Shamam was brought to the hill of the village and the first families took up residence there.
Kfar Yehoshua was one of 140 agricultural settlements designed by the German-Jewish architect Richard Kauffmann.
In the 1931 census Kfar Yehoshua had a population of 277; 32 Muslim and 245 Jews, in a total of 53 inhabited houses. In the 1945 statistics, the population was 620, all Jewish.
* Kfar Yehoshus 1929
* Kfar Yehoshua 1939
* Kfar Yehoshua 1946 station in foreground
* Kfar Yehoshua railway station 1930

## Landmarks

A train station in Kfar Yehoshua operated for close to fifty years on the Jezreel Valley Railway, from the beginning of the 20th century to 1948. Seven stone buildings from this period have been restored by the Society for Preservation of Israel Heritage Sites, and original railroad tracks have been returned to the site.

## Notable people

* Gabi Gazit
* Tomer Bar
# Emmanuel Vasseur

Emmanuel Vasseur (born 3 September 1976) is a French retired footballer.

## Career

Masseur started his career in Calais RUFC, where he made it to the 2000 Coupe de France Final. In 2001, Vasseur signed for Leyton Orient in the English Football League Third Division, where he made two appearances and scored zero goals. After that, he played for French clubs Calais RUFC, Racing Club de France Football, Canet Roussiillon, Union Sportive Gravelines Football, Amicale Pascal Calais and Fort Vert before retiring.