OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abhava

Abhava means non-existence, negation, nothing or absence. It is the negative of Bhava which means being, becoming, existing or appearance.

## Overview

Uddayana divides Padārtha (Categories) into Bhava (existence) which is real, and Abhava (non-existence) which is not real. Dravya (substance), Guṇa (quality), Karma (action), Samanya (community or generality), Visesa (particularity) and Samavaya (inherence) are the marks of existence. Four kinds of Abhava are defined by the Vaisheshika School of Hindu philosophy:
* Pragabhava - Prior non-existence, is the non-existence of an effect in its material cause before production; it has no beginning, but it has an end because it is destroyed by the production of the effect. Without prior non-existence there cannot be an effect.
* Pradhvamsabhava - Posterior non-existence, is the non-existence of an effect by its destruction; as such it has a beginning but no end i.e. it cannot be destroyed.
* Atyantabhava - Absolute non-existence, or absolute negation is non-existence in all times i.e. denial of an absolutely non-existent entity in all times and in all places. It is the state of absolute abstraction.
* Anyonyabhava - Mutual non-existence, is denial of identity between two things, which have specific nature. Negation other than mutual negation is negation of relation.
The process with which the sound value collapses into the point value of the gap existing between the first and the next syllable of the first letter of the Rigveda, Agnim, is Pradhvamsabhava, the silent point of all possibilities within the gap is Atyantabhava, the structuring dynamics of what happens within the gap Anyonyabhava, and the mechanics by which the sound emerges from the point value of the gap i.e. emergence of the following syllable, is Pragabhava; this mechanism is inherent in both syllables.
The Vaisheshika, the Nyaya, the Bhatta Mimamsa and Dvaita schools hold Abhava as a distinct category. Recognised as a reality by the Nyaya school, Abhava is often stated to be the reality of the greatest moment in the pluralistic universe and is connected with Mukti. It is a relative word, for there can be abhava only when previously there is bhava; moreover it is an event occurring in time. The Nyaya and the Siddhantin maintain that the cognition of abhava is due to perception involving special kind of contact or sense contact.
Abhava is that unmanifest level from where the concrete Bhava arises or emerges. Vasubandhu has referred to Sunyata having the characteristic of the own-being of abhava, rather than a characteristic consisting of bhava. Sthiramati observes that this is, in fact, not redundant, meaning abhava does not negate bhava. Abhava refers to particular entities and not to Being; it is a theoretical or logical denial of the existence of some particular impossibility. The acceptance of abhava as an independent padartha having ontological reality of its own is a peculiar feature of Indian philosophical tradition. Dharmakirti considered abhava as an anumana. He had brought in the idea of imaginary presence of that whose absence was apprehended in order to explain the specificity of the absence.
# Liam Hallam-Eames

Liam J. Hallam-Eames (born 20 August 1995) is a New Zealand rugby union player. His position is lock. He was named as a late inclusion in the Crusaders squad for Round 12 of the 2022 Super Rugby Pacific season. He made his Super Rugby debut in the same match. He was also a member of the Northland 2021 Bunnings NPC squad and has played for the side since.
# Scott Wheeler (reporter)

Scott L. Wheeler is an investigative journalist, political, and national security consultant. He founded the National Republican Trust Political Action Committee and cut ties with the PAC in 2020.

## Background

Wheeler was born in Atlanta, Georgia in February 1963. His family later moved to Des Moines, Iowa, where he finished high school. Following high school, Wheeler served in the U.S. Army for two years, later returning to the Army National Guard and immediately volunteering for active duty service in 2005 and 2006. As a student, Wheeler played college football at Iowa Central Community College (Fort Dodge, Iowa) and Emporia State University (Emporia, Kansas). After returning from Army duty, Wheeler was a high school head football coach for one year, 2007.
While attending Emporia State University, Wheeler started a competing newspaper (Emporia Press Review) to the campus newspaper at Emporia State which received attention citywide and in a short time became a competitor to the city newspaper the Emporia Gazette.
Upon leaving Emporia State, Wheeler hosted a nationwide radio show, Reporter’s Journal. He then helped to create and develop the Washington, DC–based investigative television series, American Investigator Television Newsmagazine. Wheeler became a correspondent with the show and ultimately chief correspondent for the series that aired on NET (America’s Voice) and later syndicated.

## Investigations and political advocacy

Wheeler has worked undercover to reveal the internal operations of Hamas within the United States, leading to several suspects named in the reports to be arrested. Wheeler also exposed a weapons-of-mass-destruction pipeline run out of the Middle East, posing as an undercover arms dealer during his investigation in 1998 and 1999. Wearing video and audio equipment, Wheeler recorded the suspects and tracked the arms procurement network back to Libya and reported on Libya’s WMD program before it was known to US intelligence agencies.
During the Clinton Administration, Wheeler traveled to Asia and investigated the 1996 United States campaign finance controversy. Many of his reports during this period were used in criminal prosecutions, congressional investigations and hearings, and were recognized by members of Congress as the catalysts for their investigations. Wheeler produced the documentary Trading with the Enemy: How the Clinton Administration Armed China that claimed that President Clinton had decontrolled dangerous military technology to The People’s Republic of China while receiving illegal donations from operatives from PRC. In 2003, Wheeler’s reportage led to the exposure of a foreign agent from China operating inside the U.S. posing as a college student.
In 2009, Wheeler co-authored, along with Dr. Peter Leitner, the book Shadow Government: What Obama Doesn't Want You To Know About His Czars. The book's content was used in long-form campaign advertisements run by the National Republican Trust PAC right before the 2010 election.
In 2012 Wheeler wrote the book, Promoting Decline: Obama vs. America. Wheeler has been a frequent guest on Fox News Channel and Fox Business News.
# Christophe Eagleton

Christophe Eagleton (born 16 February 1982) is an American composer and sound designer. He is the founder of the media company Dynamite Laser Beam, which has worked with companies such as Disney, T-Mobile, MTV, Coca-Cola, Universal Pictures and Electronic Arts.

## Life and career

Eagleton was born in London, England. In 2006, he founded the company Dynamite Laser Beam, which specializes in custom scoring, music production, music library search and sound design. In 2015, Dynamite Laser Beam was commissioned to create music for the Pepsi Art Dome at Voodoo Fest. Eagleton also created music and sound design for the Electronic Arts Play Experience at E3 in 2016 and 2017.

## Discography

* Astra Moveo (2009)
# Evelin Naptal

Evelin Naptal (born 16 December 2003) is an Estonian rhythmic gymnast. She won bronze with 5 balls at the 2020 European Championships.

## Personal life

Naptal took up rhythmic gymnastics at age four, her idols are Margarita Mamun, Anastasia Salos and Sofia Raffaeli. She studied at the Audentes International School in Tallinn, her hobbies outside the gym include reading, playing the guitar, painting.

## Career

Evelin integrated the Estonian national group in 2020. The season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but she competed at the 2020 European Championships in Kyiv, where she and her teammates Laurabell Kabrits, Arina Okamanchuk, Carmely Reiska and Alina Vesselova made history by winning Estonia's first European medal: bronze in the 5 balls final, behind Ukraine and Israel.
In 2021 Naptal took part in the World Championships in Kitakyushu, Japan. The Estonian group made of Evelin, Laurabell Kabrits, Arina Okamanchuk, Carmely Reiska, Alina Vesselova finished 13th in the All-Around and both the routines.
She was selected for the 2022 European Championships in Tel Aviv, the group finished 15th in the All-Around, 18th with 5 hoops and 9th with 3 ribbons + 2 balls. In September she participated in the World Championships in Sofia, where she along with teammates Adelina Beljajeva, Mirtel Korbelainen, Kiara Oja, Arina Okamanchuk, Alina Vesselova was 20th in the All-Around, 15th with 5 hoops and 18th with 3 ribbons + 2 balls.
# Parkyn

Parkyn may refer to:
* Benjamin Parkyn Richardson (1857–1910), member of the first North-West Legislative Assembly in Northwest Territories, Canada
* Bill Parkyn (1950–2012), American scientist
* Brian Parkyn (1923–2006), British Labour Party politician
* Richard Parkyn (1772–1853), champion Cornish wrestler
* Robert Parkyn (1862–1939), popular municipal and provincial level politician and tradesman in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
# Hümaşah Sultan (wife of Ibrahim)

Hümaşah Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: ھما شاہ سلطان; "Şah's phoenix"; c.1630 – after 1676) was the Eighth Haseki and only legal wife of Sultan Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire.

## Marriage

Hümaşah married Ibrahim in 1647, and was given the title of "Eighth Haseki". After her marriage she became known as "Telli Haseki" because of the silver and gold threads (tels) that are traditionally used to adorn a bride's hair. Her marriage was described by the historian Mustafa Naima:
   In accordance with imperial command, the viziers of the imperial council each gave the gift of moon faced slave girl bedecked with jewels. Then they escorted (the bride) in a well ordered procession from the gardens of Davud pasha to the imperial palace. The ceremony was performed by the chief black eunuch acting as proxy for the bride and the grand vizier for the sultan. Robes of honour were bestowed on the viziers and the ulema and others received honours according to custom.
After marrying her, Ibrahim gave her the treasury of Egypt as dowry and ordered the palace of Ibrahim Pasha to be carpeted in sable furs and given to her.
Ibrahim subjected his sisters, Kösem's daughters Ayşe, Fatma and Hanzade, and his niece Kaya to the indignity of subordination of his concubines. He took away their lands and jewels, and made them serve Hümaşah, by standing at attention like servants while she ate and by fetching and holding the soap, basin and the pitcher of water with which she washed her hands. Because of what he believed was failure to serve her properly, the Sultan then banished them to Edirne Palace.
She was described as intelligent and smart, but also sweet and caring.
Hümaşah while pregnant, settled in the Old Palace, after Ibrahim's deposition and death in August 1648. Two months later, in October 1648, she gave birth to a son named Şehzade Orhan, who died at the age of one in January 1650.

## Death

The records of the Old Palace record the presence of Hümaşah for the last time in 1672.
It was initially believed that she died in that year, but the discovery of the report, dated 1676, by the Venetian ambassador Giacomo Querini, proves instead that Hümaşah, except for the normal harem protocol for the consort of deceased sultans, especially if they were mothers of children, she had remarried, with the Kaymakam (vice governor) of Constantinople, Ibrahim Paşah. The 1672 was therefore probably the year in which the wedding was held and she left the Palace.
   "... Ibrahim Pasha, Caimacan [governor] of Constantinople for the fifth time, a man of considerable presence, of sweet genius and placid costume. He holds in marriage the Telì Sultana, the King’s stepmother...", Giacomo Querini, Venetian ambassador, 1676
It is therefore not known when she died or where she was buried.

## In popular culture

In the Turkish series, Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, Hümaşah is portrayed by actress Müge Boz.
# Last Men in London

Last Men in London (1932) is a science fiction novel by British writer Olaf Stapledon.
The narrator is the same member of the eighteenth and final human species who purportedly induced Stapledon to write Last and First Men. Last Men in London is the story of this being's exploration of the consciousness of a present-day Englishman named Paul, from childhood through service with an ambulance crew in the First World War (mirroring Stapledon's own personal history) to adult life as a schoolteacher faced with a "submerged superman" in his class nicknamed Humpty. The inadequacies of Paul's character, the various dilemmas he has to face during his life, and the occasional influence of the advanced being who shares his experiences, provide Stapledon with a semi-autobiographical platform on which to expound his philosophical and moral beliefs.
The book includes a piece of satire on sexual morality. An unspecified future human species (one of the Eighteenth Men's predecessors on Neptune) is presented as having an attitude to nutrition analogous to the First Men's sexual puritanism. Hence they invent mouth aprons and food privies, while having sex in public.
# George Henderson (bishop)

George Kennedy Buchanan Henderson MBE (5 December 1922 – 26 September 1997) was a Scottish Anglican bishop in the 20th century. He was Bishop of Argyll and The Isles and elected Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church.
Henderson was educated at the University of Edinburgh and ordained in 1945. He began his ordained ministry with a curacy at Christ Church, Glasgow, after which he was the priest in charge of St Bride's Nether Lochaber and then the rector of St Andrew's Fort William. In 1973, he became Dean of the Diocese of Argyll and The Isles and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1974. In 1977 he became Bishop of Argyll and The Isles (diocesan bishop of the same diocese). He was elected Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church in 1990 and retired in 1992.
# Union Township, Black Hawk County, Iowa

Union Township is one of seventeen rural townships in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 941.

## Geography

Union Township covers an area of 18.27 square miles (47.3 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains three cemeteries: Finchford, Finchford Cemetery and Gerholdt.
# Wrestling shoe

Wrestling shoes are a type of activewear that is primarily used in competition and practice for the sport of wrestling. They are also used in mixed martial arts and professional wrestling. These shoes are designed to be light and flexible, providing ankle support and traction. They help to minimize the risk of injuries, such as foot infections or accidental toenail injuries to the opponent.
# Chaz Ebert

Chaz Ebert (born Charlie Hammel, October 15, 1952) is an American businesswoman. She is best known as the wife and widow of film critic Roger Ebert, having been married to him from 1992 until his death in 2013.

## Early life

Ebert was born in Chicago to Johnnie Hobbs Hammel and Wiley Hammel Sr. She attended Crane Technical High School in Chicago. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Dubuque, a Master of Arts from University of Wisconsin–Platteville, and a Juris Doctor from the DePaul University College of Law.

## Career

Chaz was an executive producer and guest on Ebert Presents: At the Movies. She is the CEO and publisher of Ebert Digital, which publishes RogerEbert.com, which contains an archive of her deceased husband Roger Ebert's film reviews and publishes contributors' film reviews. She was featured in the 2014 documentary Life Itself about Roger Ebert and was an executive producer of the 2019 film Selah and the Spades.
In 2005, Ebert was part of a group of high-profile minority and female shareholders who filed a federal lawsuit against other investors in the bankrupt Rosemont, Illinois-based Emerald Casino. Ebert and the other investors said they lost more than $21 million after the Illinois Gaming Board revoked the license from the Emerald Casino, reportedly because the other investors were accused of lying to state regulators or having ties to organized crime.
After the death of her husband in 2013, Ebert became the host of Ebertfest, an annual film festival held in Champaign, Illinois, in collaboration with the UIUC College of Media.
On September 28, 2022, during the 2022 Screen Gems Benefit, Ebert announced that she will make her directorial debut on a documentary about Deborah Szekely, the godmother of health and fitness.
On May 7, 2024, Ebert published a book entitled It's Time to Give a FECK: Elevating Humanity through Forgiveness, Empathy, Compassion, and Kindness about the importance of forgiveness, empathy, compassion, and kindness, inspired by the work of her late husband Roger Ebert.

## Personal life

Chaz was married to film critic Roger Ebert from 1992 until his death in 2013. She has two children from previous relationships.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Ebert Presents: At the Movies | Contributor | 10 episodes |
| 2013 | Roger Ebert's 14th Annual Film Festival: A Retrospective | Herself | Short film |
| 2014 | Life Itself | Herself | |
| 2019 | 90 Years of the Music Box Theatre | Herself | Short film |
| 2019 | Benjamin Marshall Architect | Herself | Short film |

## Publications

* Chaz Ebert (May 7, 2024). It's Time to Give a FECK: Elevating Humanity through Forgiveness, Empathy, Compassion, and Kindness. Forefront Books. ISBN 9781637632475.

## Awards and honors

On September 28, 2022, Ebert was awarded the FACETS Legend Award at the 2022 Screen Gems Benefit for her efforts to promote diversity within the film world.
# Dual Alibi

Dual Alibi is a 1947 British drama film directed by Alfred Travers and starring Herbert Lom, Phyllis Dixey and Terence De Marney. It is a film noir. It was written by Vivienne Adès, Stephen Clarkson and Travers, and made by British National Films at Elstree Studios.

## Synopsis

A top French acrobatic act, the de Lisle twins, are hired by a British promoter to perform in his Blackpool show. While they are working there one of the twins falls in love with a cigarette girl and aspiring singer named Penny. After the twins win the French lottery she steals their ticket, with the help of a spivish publicity agent, and goes to Paris to claim the prize. The twins follow them to seek revenge.

## Cast

* Herbert Lom as Jules de Lisle / Georges de Lisle
* Phyllis Dixey as Penny aka Gloria Gregg
* Terence De Marney as Mike Bergen
* Ronald Frankau as Vincent Barney
* Abraham Sofaer as French Judge
* Eugene Deckers as French ringmaster
* The Cromwell Brothers as trapeze act
* Ben Williams as Charlie
* Clarence Wright as M. Mangan
* Beryl Measor as Gwen
* Harold Berens as Ali
* Sebastian Cabot as Loterie Nationale official
* Andreas Malandrinos as French Judge
* Marcel Poncin as French lawyer
* Wallas Eaton as court official
* Gerald Rex as call boy
* Margaret Withers as Blackpool landlady
* H.G. Guinle
* Leonard Sharp
* Ernst Ulman
* Eric Mason
* Griffiths Moss
* Gerald Conway

## Reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "The basic idea of the film is not original, but Herbert Lom makes the dual role impressive and convincing. Terence de Marney as the 'spiv-type' Bergen is admirable, but Phyllis Dixey gives him poor support and her acting lacks polish. The scenes at Blackpool and in the circus are realistic, but it is a pity that early shots of people applauding and of the trapeze act should have been repeated in later sequences of the film."
Kine Weekly wrote: "The film is not exactly a classic but it is, nevertheless, a sound job of work. The story ... has plenty of action and colour, while sex cunningly illuminates its hectic design. Its circus atmosphere can't be faulted and the doubling of the Cromwell Brothers for Herbert Lom is as clever as the double-exposure photography, Technically, it is first rate."
Variety wrote: "With a little more expenditure on production and wiser casting, picture would have rated better playing time than it probably will receive. However, Herbert Lom's acting makes it acceptable drama. Greatest defect is the casting of Phyllis Dixey as femme lead. Notorious for a stage strip-tease act she may have a certain following, but her scree
# Under the Bridges of Paris

"Under the Bridges of Paris" is a popular 1913 song, consisting of music written by Vincent Scotto, original French lyrics (entitled "Sous les ponts de Paris") written by Jean Rodor in 1913, and partial English lyrics added in by Dorcas Cochran in 1952, resulting in the version released in 1954 containing lyrics in both French and English.

## Background

Recordings by both Eartha Kitt (released as a B-side to "Santa Baby") and Dean Martin charted in the United Kingdom in 1955, but failed to chart in the United States, though both were subsequently released as LP album tracks.
The recording by Eartha Kitt in collaboration with Henri René and his orchestra and chorus was completed in New York City on October 25, 1953. It was released by RCA Victor Records as catalogue number 20-5502 (in the USA) and by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalogue number B 10647. Kitt's recording appears on her 1954 album That Bad Eartha.
Michel Legrand recorded a jazz trio version of the song for his Paris-themed album of 1960, Legrand Piano. It was also performed by Polish singer Violetta Villas during her Las Vegas shows in the late 1960s.
# Alliance for Jewish Theatre

The Alliance for Jewish Theatre (AJT; formerly the Association for Jewish Theatre) is a non-profit cultural and educational organization based in the United States and an alliance of theatres, performance groups, and independent theatre-makers on the creation of Jewish and Israeli theatre. The organization changed its name from the Association for Jewish Theatre in late 2016.

## Organization

The Association held its first general meeting and first annual Jewish Theatre Festival at Marymount Manhattan College in June 1980. Norman Fedder and Steven Reisner are credited with being the movers behind AJT's founding. The organization sponsors yearly conferences, which are at times accompanied by theatre festivals.
The President of AJT is Hank Kimmel. Its Executive Director is Jeremy Aluma. The association sees itself as part of the ethnic theatre movement, inspired by the black and Latino theatre movements. According to The New York Times, the Association had "more than a score of members representing theater groups in the United States and Canada, from Phoenix, Ariz., to Winnipeg, Manitoba", by 1989, and was held to exemplify the "comeback" of explicitly Jewish theatre in America.
# Jack McBride

John F. "Jack" McBride (November 30, 1901 – October 11, 1966) was an American football player who played the positions of halfback, fullback, and quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. McBride played collegiately at Syracuse University where he finished second in the nation in scoring in his senior year to Heinie Benkert. McBride scored 90 points on 7 touchdowns, 11 field goals, and 15 extra points in his senior year.
McBride played 10 seasons in the NFL, leading the Giants in scoring in each of their first three seasons (1925–27), and the NFL in scoring in 1927. As a passer, McBride ended his career with 3,123 yards passing, 31 touchdown passes, and 57 interceptions. As a rusher McBride totalled 2,093 yards rushing, and 26 rushing touchdowns, while averaging 4.2 yards a carry.
McBride maintained his connection with pro football after his career in the NFL serving as the player/coach of the Paterson Panthers (later of the American Association) in 1935 and as coach of the New York Yankees of the second American Football League and the New York Yankees of the third AFL in 1940–1941.