OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Line Item Veto Act of 1996

The Line Item Veto Act Pub. L. 104–130 (text) (PDF) was a federal law of the United States that granted the president the power to line-item veto budget bills passed by Congress. It was signed into law on April 9, 1996, but its effect was brief since it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court just over two years later, in Clinton v. City of New York.

## Legislative history

The bill was introduced by Senator Bob Dole on January 4, 1995, cosponsored by Senator John McCain and 29 other senators. Related House Bills included H.R. 147, H.R. 391, H.R. 2,H.R. 27 and H.R. 3136. The bill was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on April 9, 1996.

## Judicial review
### Raines v. Byrd

It was immediately challenged in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia by a group of six senators, first among whom was Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV), where it was declared unconstitutional by District Judge Harry Jackson, a Reagan appointee, on April 10, 1997. The case was subsequently remanded by the Supreme Court of the United States with instructions to dismiss on the grounds that the senators had not suffered sufficient, particularized injury to maintain suit under Article III of the United States Constitution (i.e., the senators lacked standing). The case, Raines v. Byrd, 521 U.S. 811 (1997), was handed down on June 26, 1997, and did not include a judgment on the constitutional grounds of the law.

### Clinton v. City of New York

Clinton subsequently used the veto on a provision of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and two provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, each of which was challenged in a separate case: one by the City of New York, two hospital associations, one hospital, and two health care unions; the other by a farmers' cooperative from Idaho and an individual member of the cooperative. Senators Byrd, Moynihan, Levin, and Hatfield again opposed the law, this time through Amicus curiae briefs.
Judge Thomas Hogan of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia combined the cases and declared the law unconstitutional on February 12, 1998. This ruling was subsequently affirmed on June 25, 1998, by a 6–3 decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in the case Clinton v. City of New York. Justices Breyer, Scalia, and O'Connor dissented. The ruling has been criticized by some legal scholars.
# TouchHLE

touchHLE is a high-level emulator for iPhone's iOS applications, targeting early versions of the system, running them on desktop PCs and Android. Currently it supports a handful of games. The project is open source and created by a developer on the nickname hikari_no_yume.
touchHLE had its first release in February 2023 supporting the game Super Monkey Ball, an iPhone app store launch title from 2008 which was considered lost media because it didn't run on supported platforms. Latest release supports other lost media games such as Doom II RPG.
# Vismeh

Vismeh (Persian: ويسمه, also Romanized as Vīsmeh) is a village in Davudabad Rural District, in the Central District of Arak County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 594, in 185 families.
# Alfredo del Águila

Alfredo del Águila Estrella (3 January 1935 – 26 July 2018) was a Mexican football forward who played for Mexico in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Deportivo Toluca and Club de Futbol America.
# Alma Martínez (footballer)

Alma Socorro Martínez Torres (born 22 September 1981) is a former footballer who played as a forward. Born in the United States, Martínez represented the Mexico women's national team, earning nine caps for the team in 2004 and scoring one goal. She competed for Mexico at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, where the team finished in eighth place.
After graduating from Santa Barbara High School in 1999, Martínez played for the Santa Barbara City Vaqueros in 2000 and 2001. She then joined UC Santa Barbara Gauchos for the 2002 and 2003 seasons, scoring 8 goals and recording 6 assists in 41 appearances for the team.
After her playing career concluded, Martínez served as an assistant coach for the Chico State Wildcats in 2005 and 2006.
# Ammathi

Ammathi is a small town in Virajpet taluk, Kodagu district of Karnataka state in India.

## Ammathi

Ammathi is located between Siddapura and Virajpet towns of Kodagu district.

## Demographics

The people of this town speak Kodava, Kannada and Malayalam.
# TortoiseCVS

TortoiseCVS is a CVS client for Microsoft Windows released under the GNU General Public License. Unlike most CVS tools, it includes itself in Windows' shell by adding entries in the contextual menu of the file explorer, therefore it does not run in its own window. Moreover, it adds icons onto files and directories controlled by CVS, giving additional information to the user without having to run a full-scale stand-alone application.
The name is a pun on the word shell (computing, turtle). The tortoise in the logo is called Charlie Vernon Smythe (CVS).
The project was started by Francis Irving when he was employed by Creature Labs to provide a better interface to CVS for his colleagues. Some of the code was derived from WinCVS and CVSNT. The first release was 4 August 2000.

## Criticism

TortoiseCVS will always add argument "-c" to most CVS operations when communicating with a CVS server. This causes standard non-CVSNT servers to fail as these are not aware of this argument.

## Ports and forks

* Free and open-source software portal
* TortoiseSVN, a similar tool for use with Subversion, inspired by TortoiseCVS
* TortoiseDarcs, a similar tool for use with Darcs, derived from TortoiseCVS
* TortoiseBzr, a similar tool for use with Bazaar, inspired by TortoiseCVS and TortoiseSVN
* TortoiseHg, a similar tool for Mercurial
* TortoiseGit, a port of TortoiseSVN to Git using msysgit
* git-cheetah, a similar tool for use with Git
* Dubbelbock TFS is a similar tool for use with Team Foundation Server
# Arulius barb

The Arulius barb (Dawkinsia arulius) is a tropical cyprinid fish native to the Kaveri River basin of south east India. Other common names include Tamiraparani barb, Silas barb and longfin barb.

## Description

Adult fish are dark brownish olive on the back, becoming lighter on the sides to white on the ventral surface. It has a black, vertical blotch in the middle of its body, above the origin of its pelvic fin. It has a second black, vertical blotch above its anal fin, and a third black bar or blotch on the base of the caudal fin, though less well defined as the other two blotches. The fins are thin and transparent or translucent. Adults possess more pronounced colors than the juvenile. The adult male gets filament-like extensions to the branched dorsal-fin rays like the closely related filament barb species found in Tambraparni River basin, Dawkinsia tambraparniei,the use of the common name, longfin barb is quite often accepted (Dawkinsia filamentosa). It reaches an adult size of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL.

## Habitat

Its native habitat is large streams, rivers, and lakes, with a pH of 6.0 – 6.5, dH of 10, and temperature 19 °C to 25 °C.

## Etymology

The name arulius is derived from the name "aruli" used by local inhabitants.

## In the aquarium

Though less common to the hobby than other related barbs, this peaceful, active, egg-laying fish is compatible with other related species in the home aquarium such as tiger barbs (Puntigrus tetrazona), and rosy barbs (Pethia conchonius) and other fast swimming cyprinid species of similar size. Also compatible with some cichlid species, but smaller fish such as neon tetras would be at risk of predation. As with many barbs, nippy behavior is common, but alleviated by keeping the fish in numbers of at least 5–6 individuals in the aquarium, while taking into account the space requirements of the adult size of 4–5 inches (10–12 cm).
# Köksal Alver

Koksal Alver is a Turkish author who was born in Narman, a town and district of Erzurum, Turkey in 1970. His works primarily concern cultural dynamics, sociology of space and rural sociology. He is also a recognized expert in sociology of literature as a subfield of the sociology of culture. His literary works are inspired by traditional Ottoman poetry, which he composes in his own narrative styles.

## Education and career

After completing high school education in the town, Alver went to Istanbul for studying sociology at Istanbul University. Alver began his academic career at the Faculty of Literature, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya and finally becomes a professor of the university. Alver continues giving a lecture at the same faculty, actively delivers a speech for an academic community and public and does several seminars as well on the topics of sociology, literature, art, culture, urban and dynamics of place in the society. Alver becomes an editor for a journal of sociology Sosyoloji Divanı and holds an editorial board as well for cultural magazine Mahalle Mektabi based in Konya.

## Appreciation

He started to write about literature when he was at university. His first story was published on Yedi İklim journal in 1993. He published his essays and stories in Hece and Heceöykü journals. He was actively engaged in the fields of literature sociology, novel sociology and cultural sociology.
“Köksal Alver has a refined narration. He uses a clean and simple Turkish. Love of Istanbul, love of folk songs and books can be seen in his stories. His pure and humble narration and the themes chosen from life represent Esendal. The problems of young person migrated from rural town to the city, the friendships at the city, social problems are his areas of interest.” (Necip Tosun)
“If we consider that the first thing modernity does is to dissolve the “affiliation” ties, we can see that the current age makes it possible to simultaneously conduct re-establishing affiliation ties with the concern of existence. As Köksal Alver moves with space, he determines his story at this point. The guidance of spaces caused him to be bound into “these lands” in Saklı Yara (…) The theme of Saklı Yara, the narrator and utilization of space are harmonious within this scope. Space means balance with existence.” (Ercan Yıldırım)

## Works

* The Hidden Wound (Saklı Yara, story, 2004)
* Sociology of Literature (Edebiyat Sosyolojisi, editor, 2004);
* On Sociology of Literature (Edebiyat Sosyolojisi İncelemeleri, editor, 2004);
* Sociology of Culture (Kültür Sosyolojisi, 2007);
* The Urban Lives: Disparate Space and Secure Sites in the City (Siteril Hayatlar: Kentte Mekânsal Ayrışma ve Güvenlikli Siteler, 2007);
* Çevgen (story, 2011);
* Urban Sociology (Kent Sosyolojisi, 2012);
* Guide to Sociology Readings (Sosyoloji Okumaları Kılavuzu, 2012);
* Mahalle: Social and Spatial Portrait of The Neighborhood (Mahalle: Mahallenin Toplumsal ve Mekânsal Portresi, 2013);
* Excuse (Bahane, story, 2015);
* Imaginations and Things (Haller Hayaller, 2016)
# Murk van Phelsum

Murk van Phelsum (6 August 1732, probably Leeuwarden - 21 August 1779, Sneek) was a Dutch physician, who was the namesake for the lizard genus Phelsuma.
Van Phelsum started his medical studies on 17 November 1754 at the university of Franeker (Netherlands), where he later earned his doctorate. He settled down as a medical doctor first in Bolsward and from 1764 in Sneek.
He wrote:
* Historia physiologica ascaridum (Leeuwarden, 1762)
* Explicatio patrium pythographiae L. Plukneti (Haarlem, 1769)
* Natuurkundige verhandeling over de wormen die veeltijds in de darmen der menschen gevonden worden. (Leeuwarden, 1767), translated into German by Joh. Weisse (Gotha 1780-92)
* Vertoog over de gemakkelijkste wijze om geknelde darmbreuken binnen te brengen. (Sneek 1772)
* Brief aan den heer C. Nozeman over de gewelfstekken of zeeëgelen, waarachter gevoegd zijn twee beschrijvingen, de eene van een zeker soort zeewier en de andere van maden in een vuile verzwering gevonden. (Rotterdam 1775)
* Twee brieven rakende de verhandeling van den heer Tissot over de vallende ziekte. (Amsterdam 1776)
* Verhandelingen over tot de genees- en natuurkunde behoorende onderwerpen. (Franeker 1776)
His library was sold on 13 March 1780.
# Battle of Dyrrhachium (1018)

The Battle of Dyrrhachium in February 1018 was a part of the Byzantine–Bulgarian wars. It happened as the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Vladislav tried to establish his power on the southeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. He led an army against Dyrrhachium (present-day Durrës, in Albania) and besieged it, but was killed during a counterattack of the city’s defenders.
This was the final battle of the centuries long struggle between the First Bulgarian Empire and Byzantium. Within months after Vladislav’s death most of his realm was subjugated by the Byzantine emperor Basil II, with the last independent region (Sirmium) subdued in 1019.

## Historical background

After the battle of Kleidion and the death of tsar Samuil in 1014 the Bulgarian state was destabilized by internal turmoil. In the year that followed, tsar Gavril Radomir, Samuel’s son and heir, was killed by his cousin, Ivan Vladislav, at the instigation of the Byzantine emperor. The new Bulgarian ruler negotiated a brief peace as he promised to submit to Basil II in return for the control over Dyrrhachium. Neither side kept its promises and the war broke out again in the autumn of 1015. While Vladislav attacked Dyrrhachium, Basil II captured his capital Ohrid, but later, as a result of the Battle of Bitola, was forced to abandon it.
The war continued for two more years without a decisive outcome. In 1017 Basil defeated the Bulgarians at Setina, near Edessa, but failed to exploit his victory and returned to Constantinople. Vladislav took advantage of this to launch another assault against Dyrrhachium, which was defended by the strategus Nicetas Pegonites. In the battle that ensued after a sortie of the garrison the Bulgarian tsar was killed and his troops were forced to retreat.
This event prompted the majority of the Bulgarian nobles (boyars) to surrender to Basil. The isolated resistance was suppressed and Bulgaria became a Byzantine province.
# Imarti Devi

Imarti Devi (born 14 April 1975) is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. She had served as Minister of Women and Child Development in Madhya Pradesh Government, first in Kamal Nath's Congress government from December 2018 to March 2020, and later under Shivraj Chauhan's BJP government from July 2020 to November 2020. She lost the 2020 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections from Dabra against the Suresh Raje of Indian National Congress.

## Political career

She started her political career by becoming the Sr. Vice-President of District IYC, Gwalior in 1997.
During 2004–2009 she was a member of District Panchayat, Gwalior and is the chairperson of Block Congress Dabra since 2005. She was elected to Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the first time in 2008. She subsequently got re-elected in 2013 assembly elections.
In December 2018, She was inducted into the Kamal Nath cabinet as Public Health and Family Welfare of Madhya Pradesh. During 2020 Madhya Pradesh political crisis, She supported senior Congress leader Jyotiraditya Scindia and was one of the 22 MLAs who resigned.

## Personal life

She is married to Puran Singh Suman and has one daughter.

## Legal Affairs

In November 2016, Gwalior sessions court had ordered to book Imarti Devi, as she was accused of harassing her nephew's wife for dowry. Later on she succeeded in getting stay on the proceedings by High Court and finally she was acquitted from all the charges with the help of her Advocate Yash Sharma.
# Staouéli

Staouéli is a municipality in Algiers Province, Algeria. It is located in Zéralda district, on a Presque-isle on the Mediterranean Sea, hosting the resort town of Sidi Fredj. There was a Grand Prix circuit located in Staouéli. Grands Prix was held there from 1928 to 1930, but the circuit is no longer operational.
# Dedham Vale National Landscape

Dedham Vale National Landscape is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty on the Essex-Suffolk border in east England. It comprises the area around the River Stour between Manningtree and Smallbridge Farm, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Bures, including the village of Dedham in Essex.
It is part of the area known as Constable Country, as it was made famous by the paintings of the English Romantic painter John Constable. Among many other works of the area are his Dedham Vale paintings of 1802 and 1828, held in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the Scottish National Gallery in Edinburgh.

## Land use

Dedham Vale supports a viable and diverse agriculture with a mix of farm sizes. The majority of the land in the valley is still farmed despite development pressures. Farming is the primary tool for supporting the area’s landscape and wildlife. Arger Fen, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, contains areas of ancient woodland, meadow and fen.

## Geology

Throughout the valley Eocene and glacial deposits overlay chalk deposited during the Cretaceous period. London Clay and sands are often exposed on the valley sides as the river and its tributaries cut through the deposits. The composition of these layers and where they occur is paramount in determining what species will grow, which habitats can occur and how the area is farmed.

## River

The River Stour is the key landscape focus for the valley, its course is defined by bank-side trees and wet meadows. It supports a variety of riparian (river) habitats.
The valley floor has a large areas of functioning floodplain. Water quality is good, meeting levels demanded in regulations. The catchment meets sustainable demands for water supply, flood control and recreational use, whilst retaining an unspoilt character and healthy ecosystem.
The river has become an important method of controlling water levels both in the surrounding countryside and irrigating crops.
* Dedham Vale near Manningtree
* Wildfowl on River Stour

## Human influence

Humans have had a great influence on the landscape including building isolated settlements, transport links and churches. Agricultural workers divided up the land to plant crops, grow timber and graze animals.
The landscape continues to change as changing agricultural practices, increased leisure time and an awareness of environmental concerns all contribute to development of the Stour valley.
In 1938 the Dedham Vale Society was founded with local architect Raymond Erith as its founding Chairman.
# Frank Meschkuleit

Frank Meschkuleit (born 1962) is a Canadian voice actor, puppeteer and comedian known for his role as Toopy on the Canadian television series Toopy and Binoo.
Meschkuleit began his performing career as a mime, and broke into puppeteering with an audition for the 1979 film The Muppet Movie and parts in Don't Eat the Neighbours and Dragon. He was also the suit performer for Junior Gorg in the fifth and final season of Fraggle Rock.
Meschkuleit performed a live comedy show called The Left Hand of Frank, which was a hit at the Edmonton International Fringe Festival in 1994. Meschkuleit performed the show for 12 years, ending in 2005.

## Selected filmography

* Fraggle Rock (1983–1987)
* Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird (1985)
* Blizzard Island (1987-1988)
* Basil Hears a Noise (1990)
* Chicken Minute (1990-1993)
* Iris, The Happy Professor (1992–1994)
* Little Star (1994-1997)
* Noddy (1998–2000)
* St. Bear's Dolls Hospital (1998-2000)
* Don't Eat the Neighbours (2001–2002)
* Dragon (2004–2007)
* Toopy and Binoo (2005–2006)
* The Mighty Jungle (2007-2008)
* Toopy and Binoo Vroom Vroom Zoom (2013)
* Now You Know (2015-2016)
* Fraggle Rock: Back to the Rock (2022)
* Toopy And Binoo: The Movie (2023)
# Conus janus

Conus janus, common name the janus cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They can sting humans if handled.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 37 mm and 80 mm. The maculated spire is concavely elevated and striate. The narrow body whorl narrow has a rounded shoulder, and is distantly sulcate below. The shell is whitish or yellowish, indistinctly three-banded by yellowish brown or chestnut longitudinal markings.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Mascarene Basin; off Southeast India and the Philippines.
# Thuravoor Viswambharan

Thuravoor Viswambharan (5 September 1943 – 20 October 2017), was a Sanskrit scholar, active social worker and writer from the Thuravoor village in the southern state Kerala in India. He was an expert professor on Hindu epics Ramayana, Mahabharata and Vedas. He was a professor in Malayalam, Sanskrit, Indian Mythology and Vedic Science at Maharaja's College Ernakulam, Cochin. He was the state president of Tapasya Kala Sahithya Vedi and the founder president of Vishwa Samvad Kendra Kerala. He made a brief foray into politics as the BJP candidate for the Thrippunithura constituency in the state assembly election of 2016, although he was unsuccessful. He was the host of a popular television show named Bharatha Darshanam, which was telecast in Amrita TV on the basis of Mahabharata, and went up to more than 3000 episodes. In this programme, he used to answer various questions regarding to Mahabharata, using his own view point and mixing various contemporary social issues. He was battling with cancer for a long time and died on 20 October 2017 at Sudheendra Mission Hospital in Ernakulam. He was cremated at Ravipuram Crematorium in Ernakulam. He is survived by his wife Prof. Kanchana, who was also his colleague in Maharaja's College, and their two daughters.
# Wadley station

The Wadley Railroad Depot is a historic train station in Wadley, Alabama. The depot was built in 1907 along with the Atlanta, Birmingham, and Atlantic Railroad line as part of an expansion from West Point, Georgia, to Talladega, Alabama. The Callaway Corporation, who operated numerous textile mills along the Chattahoochee River and later founded Callaway Gardens, purchased the land that would later become the town of Wadley, intending to build a mill in the town. The deal fell through before the mill was built, but the town continued as a local agricultural trading hub. The station closed to passenger traffic in 1964, and the line eventually came under the control of CSX Transportation.
The depot is one of only four surviving Mission Revival train stations in Alabama (the others being the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Passenger Terminal in Mobile; the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Depot in Cullman; and the Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railroad Depot in the Bridgeport Historic District in Bridgeport). The one-story depot has a clay tile hipped roof, with partially exposed rafter ends and large, bracketed overhangs. The south façade has an arched central opening with a double-leaf door flanked by leaded glass sidelights and topped with an arched transom. The east, track-facing, elevation has a Spanish-style frontone, to the north of which is a raised platform with two sliding wood cargo doors and two passenger door openings. The interior is divided into a passenger lobby and offices at the south end, with a waiting room and ticket office in the center, and a large cargo room at the north.
The depot was named to the Alabama Historical Commission's Places in Peril list in 2009, which led to a community effort to preserve the building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.