OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dooreh, Iraq

Dooreh is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located near the Iraq–Turkey border in the Amadiya District and the historical region of Barwari. In the village, there is a church of Mar Gewargis, and the ruins of the monastery of Mar Qayyoma. There was previously two shrines dedicated to Mart Maryam and Mar Apius and four cemeteries.

## Etymology

It is suggested that the name of the village is derived from "dūru(m)" ("fortress, wall" in Akkadian).

## History

The remains of a fortress nearby Dooreh have been dated to the early period of Assyria in the late third millennium BC, and likely inspired the village's name. The monastery of Mar Qayyoma was founded in the 4th-century AD, and the church of Mar Gewargis was first constructed in 909. The monastery of Mar Qayyoma is first mentioned in the mentioned in the 10th-century Life of Rabban Joseph Busnaya, and had become the seat of the Church of the East diocese of Barwari by 1610. Dooreh itself is mentioned in a manuscript of 1683. In 1850, 20-40 Church of the East families inhabited Dooreh, and were served by two functioning churches and four priests.
Prior to the First World War, Dooreh was populated by 200 Assyrians, who were forced to flee under the leadership of Agha Petros to the vicinity of Urmia in Iran, amidst the Assyrian genocide. Whilst in Iran, 90 villagers died, and 30 women and children were either killed or abducted, and the survivors were settled at the refugee camp at Baqubah in 1918. After residing there for two years, 90 people eventually returned to Dooreh. Dooreh was temporarily deserted again in the early 1930s due to the conflict between the Turkish government and the Kurdish Emir of Barwari. 35 families inhabited the village in 1938, and the population of Dooreh was recorded as 296 people in 1957.
At the onset of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1961, 75 families in 40 houses resided at Dooreh, and the village was damaged by a napalm attack during the war in 1968. Despite this damage, the population increased to 100 families in 75 houses by 1978, in which year on 8 August the village was destroyed by the Iraqi government, and much of its population was forcibly resettled at Batifa. The village's destruction was total, as all houses, churches, farms, and orchards were obliterated. In the aftermath of the 1991 uprisings in Iraq, 30 families returned to Dooreh, and the church of Mar Gewargis was rebuilt in 1995 with support from the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg.
By 2011, the Supreme Committee of Christian Affairs had constructed 37 houses and a hall, and the village was inhabited by 250 adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East in the following year. Dooreh was struck by Turkish airstrikes on 1 September 2018 as part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.

## Notable people

* Margaret George Shello (1942–1969), Assyrian militant.
# Siege of El Arish

The siege of El Arish was a successful siege by French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte against Ottoman forces under Mustafa Pasha. The French army, commanded by Jean Baptiste Kléber and Jean Reynier laid siege to the fortress of El Arish for nine days. The fortress finally fell to the French on 20 February 1799.

## Background

Napoleon had recently subdued a revolt against the French occupation in Egypt, and with his borders secure, continued his offensive against the Ottoman Empire. In the beginning of 1799, a force of 2,160 soldiers under the command of Jean Reynier marched towards the Ottoman fortress of El Arish. The fortress contained a total of 15,500 soldiers under the command of Mustafa Pasha.

## Initial Skirmish

On 8 February 1799, Reynier's troops reached Masoodiah, where French soldiers captured a Mamluk runner who told them that El Arish was under Ottoman control. Reynier sent a courier to Bonaparte calling for immediate reinforcements and took position on a sand hill near El Arish. In response, Ottoman forces moved into a nearby palm forest and obtained supplies and twelve cannons. Their cavalry began skirmishing with French forces. After half an hour of Ottoman artillery fire, Reynier sent French troops to take the village of El Arish. The Ottoman defenders of the village fled and escaped into their fort, and their cavalry withdrew on the road to Gaza under the cover of a defile. All twelve cannons were captured by the French. French lost 3 killed while the Ottomans 450 killed and wounded and 900 captured.

## Siege

On 12 February 1799, Kléber's division reached El Arish, and his forces began a siege of the Ottoman fort. Reynier's division moved into position in the palm forest near the defile. On 14 February 1799, Reynier's forces attacked an Ottoman camp, which they successfully captured, suffering 23 casualties. The Ottomans, on the other hand, suffered about 500 killed, along with 900 Ottoman prisoners of war captured by the French. 1,000 soldiers under Ottoman commander Ibrahim Nizam were still inside the fort, however, and after processing captured material, Reynier established a camp from which he also began sieging the fort. Meanwhile, the main body of French forces under Napoleon arrived in El Arish.
On 17 February 1799, French commander Louis Caffarelli started engineering work. The French then began artillery fire on the Ottoman fortifications. On 20 February 1799, the French began their assault, and successfully captured El Arish from the Ottomans. After capturing the fort, the French repaired the fortifications that had sustained damage during the siege.

## Aftermath

The French had lost 200 killed and 300 wounded. The Ottomans had lost 900 soldiers, with a further 800 being captured. Around 300 of those switched sides and joined the French army when given the opportunity to do so, and the remaining prisoners were moved to cities in Egypt under French command. 40 soldiers who managed to escape settled in Great Britain with the help of British military members sympathetic to their cause.
# Pieter Rumaropen

Edison Pieter Rumaropen (born 13 November 1983 in Biak Numfor Regency, Papua, Indonesia) is an Indonesian former football player who last played for Persiwa Wamena. His position was striker and midfielder.
During a league match against Pelita Bandung Raya on 21 April 2013, Rumaropen assaulted the referee, punching him in the face after he had awarded a penalty against Persiwa Wamena. The official left the field, bleeding from his torn lower lip, and Rumaropen was given a red card. As a result of the assault Rumaropen was banned for life by PSSI, the Football Association of Indonesia.
Despite the life ban, Ruparopen still played for Persiwa Wamena on Premier League after getting relegated from Super League that year. He had a son, Diego Rumaropen, member of Indonesian National Police which was killed by TPNPB.
# Roman Kutuzov (general)

Roman Vladimirovich Kutuzov (Russian: Роман Владимирович Кутузов; 16 February 1969 – 5 June 2022) was a Russian lieutenant general who was killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Biography

When Kutuzov was a colonel, he commanded the 38th Separate Communications Regiment of the Russian Airborne Forces (military unit 54164).
In 2017, Kutuzov was the acting commander of the 5th Combined Arms Army. In 2019, he was interim commander of the 29th Combined Arms Army. In 2020, Kutuzov was the chief of staff of the 29th Combined Arms Army.
Kutuzov was killed on 5 June 2022 in the village of Mykolaivka, during the battle for Sievierodonetsk–Lysychansk near Lysychansk, Ukraine, while commanding the 1st Army Corps of the Donetsk People's Republic. Reports of his death originated on Russian milblogger Telegram channels and were later confirmed by Russian state media. He was buried in the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery on 7 June 2022.
Kutuzov's promotion to lieutenant general was announced posthumously.

## Awards

* Hero of the Russian Federation
* Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
* Order of Honour
* Order of Kutuzov
* Order of Courage
* Order of Military Merit
* Medal "For Courage"
# Jwalapuram

Jwalapuram (meaning "City of fire" in Telugu) is an archaeological site in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, southern India, which shows hominid habitation before and after the Toba event (73 kya) according to the Toba catastrophe theory. It is unclear what species of humans settled Jwalapuram as no fossil remains have yet been found.
Jwalapuram is of particular importance in understanding the emergence of microlithic technology in South Asia and the role of environmental change on lithic technological change. At Jwalapuram Locality 9, five stratigraphic units provide a record of technological change through time. Microblade technology dominates lithic assemblages from Stratum E to the top deposit. There are many different definitions for "microblade" and Clarkson et al. define microblade with a 40mm maximum length in the direction of striking and a length:width ratio greater than 2:1; they also include that the dorsal surface has nearly no cortex (less than 20 percent) and at least on dorsal ridge in the direction of striking as well as nearly parallel lateral margins. Using this definition of microblade, Clarkson et al. track the changing density of microblade technology throughout the strata. The changes in microlithic technology is speculated to have been caused by climate change, which made the area more arid and therefore groups of people had to become more mobile, causing changes in their technological tool kits.
The Jwalapuram site was excavated by Prof. Ravi Korisettar. Stone tools under and over layers of volcanic ash left behind by the Toba eruption of 74,000 BC. The volcanic eruption on Sumatra, had impacted life all the way from East Asia to Africa, and has now become an archaeological marker to understand pre-history of India.
The archaeological site was visited by Dr. Alice Roberts, presenter of the BBC documentary The Incredible Human Journey.
# Settlement movement (Israel)

Settlement movement (Hebrew: תנועת התיישבות) is a term used in Israel to describe national umbrella organisations for kibbutzim, moshavim, moshavim shitufiim, and community settlements.
Most kibbutzim are members of either the Kibbutz Movement or the Religious Kibbutz Movement, whilst most moshavim and community settlements are divided between the Moshavim Movement, Mishkei Herut Beitar, the Agricultural Union and HaOved HaTzioni. Many religious moshavim are affiliated with Hapoel HaMizrachi or Poalei Agudat Yisrael movements. Moshavim established after 1967 in the West Bank, outside the Green Line, are typically affiliated with Amana.
In the past there were several other organisations; the Kibbutz Movement was formed by a merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi in 1999, the former also formed by a merger of HaKibbutz HaMeuhad and Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim in 1981. Most of the former organisations had political affiliations; HaKibbutz HaMeuhad was aligned with Ahdut HaAvoda and Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim with Mapai and Labour.
To the extent that kibbutzim, moshavim, and moshavim shitufiim are agricultural cooperatives based on individual membership, the national settlement movements in Israel are viewed as secondary cooperatives or cooperative federations, whose members are lower-level primary cooperatives.
# Three Wolf Moon

Three Wolf Moon is a T-shirt featuring three wolves howling at the Moon. The numerous satirical reviews for this on Amazon.com have become an Internet phenomenon. The T-shirt was designed by artist Antonia Neshev.

## Origin

The Three Wolf Moon T-shirt, created by The Mountain Corporation, gained popularity after attracting sarcastic reviews on Amazon.com attributing great power to it, such as making the wearer irresistible to women, striking fear into other males, and having magical healing abilities. Brian Govern, a law student at Rutgers University, was searching for a school book on Amazon and was led to the Three Wolf Moon T-shirt by an Amazon recommendation which had been targeted at students purchasing college semester books. He decided to write a review of the shirt on a whim as he did not actually own the shirt. His faux-serious review as "Bee-Dot-Govern" in November 2008 concluded:
   Pros: Fits my girthy frame, has wolves on it, attracts women Cons: Only 3 wolves (could probably use a few more on the 'guns'), cannot see wolves when sitting with arms crossed, wolves would have been better if they glowed in the dark.
Since this original review was posted, more than 2,300 similar reviews have been posted. Some reviewers have uploaded images showing famous people wearing the shirt.
The shirt attracted further interest when it became popular on networking sites such as Digg and Facebook and was then lauded in conventional media as an Internet phenomenon. German scholar Melvin Haack considers it to be a notable example of a redneck joke. The reviews have been included in studies of such online sarcasm. Such sarcasm tends to confound analysis of customer reviews and so the texts have been analysed to determine which elements might identify sarcasm. One common example found in n-gram analysis was "alpha male".

## Sales

The T-shirt is manufactured by The Mountain Corporation, a wholesale clothing company in Keene, New Hampshire, United States. Its art director, Michael McGloin, said that the company was making many more shirts in response to the great demand that had made it the top-selling item in Amazon's clothing store. Due to the success of the shirt, the New Hampshire Division of Economic Development made it its "official New Hampshire T-shirt of economic development" and awarded it as a prize for innovation.

## Parodies and attributions

A similar shirt featuring Keyboard Cats instead of wolves has been produced at the T-shirt design site Threadless. In July 2009, this was the most highly rated design there.
Capcom prepared a limited run through iam8bit of a "Three Wolf God Sun" shirt for the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con, featuring images of the wolf gods Shiranui, Amaterasu and Chibiterasu from their video games Ōkami and Ōkamiden.
Minecraft parodied the design in its merchandise, replacing the wolves with creepers, an enemy featured in the game.
Georgetown University created a parody of the "Three Wolf Moon" shirt using images of its mascot, Jack the Bulldog, as a promotion for students attending a 2015 basketball game.
# Pelo Telefone

Pelo Telefone (English: On the Telephone) is a song attributed to the Brazilian guitarist and composer Donga and considered to be the first samba song to be recorded in Brazil, according to records at the National Library of Brazil, although earlier recordings exist, such as "Samba - Em Casa da Bahiana" (1913) and "Urubu Malandro" (1914).
A collective creation of controversial authorship, the composition is attributed to Ernesto dos Santos, better known as Donga, and to the journalist Mauro de Almeida [pt]. It was registered on the 27th of November, 1916 as being authored only by Donga — who later included de Almeida as a partner — and conceived in a famous Candomblé house, the house of Tia Ciata, which was frequented by popular musicians of the time. Because it was a huge success and because it was born in a samba circle from improvisations and joint creations, various musicians have claimed authorship.

## History

The song was composed in 1916, in the backyard of Tia Ciata, in Praça Onze (now Cidade Nova). The song was originally titled "Roceiro" and was a collaborative creation, with participation from João da Baiana [pt], Pixinguinha, Caninha, Hilário Jovino Ferreira and Sinhô [pt], and others. Donga was the first to register the song, which he justified with a maxim attributed to Sinhô: "music is like a bird, it belongs to whoever catches it first".
The original lyrics of the song were later changed to the version best known today:
| Original | Popularized | Popularized English translation |
| O chefe da folia | O Chefe da Polícia | The Police Chief |
| Pelo telefone | Pelo telefone | On the telephone |
| Mandou me avisar | Manda me avisar | Called to let me know |
| Que com alegria | Que na Carioca | That in Carioca |
| Não se questione | Tem uma roleta | There's a roulette wheel |
| Para se brincar | Para se jogar | To be played |
According to a statement by Donga to Brazil's Museum of Image and Sound, "The chief of police... was a parody created by the journalists of A Noite. In 1913, newspaper reporters had placed a roulette wheel in Largo da Carioca [pt] to demonstrate the police's tolerance of gambling. Musician and broadcaster Henrique Foréis Domingues, in the February 13, 1972 issue of the newspaper O Dia, confirmed this by saying: "someone in the newsroom of 'A Noite', taking inspiration from the episodes in question, created the famous parody". Domingues also accused Donga of having appropriated a collective work. Donga claimed that the music was different, but conceded that he was not the author of the lyrics, which were written by Mauro de Almeida [pt]. He blamed the label for omitting his partner's name. "The omission of Mauro's name on the recording by Casa Edison cannot be attributed to me", he said.
The Jornal do Brasil newspaper, on February 4, 1917, published a note from Grêmio Fala Gente announcing that "the true tango 'Pelo Telephone', by composers João da Mata, Germano, Tia Ciata and Hilário, will be sung on Avenida Rio Branco, dedicated to the good and remembered friend Mauro."
# Johanna Gastdorf

Johanna Gastdorf (born 17 March 1959) is a German actress. She has appeared in many German films and television shows since 1993. Recent roles include Irene in Class Reunion 2.0 – The Wedding (Die Hochzeit; 2019) and Ursula in the 2023 political drama series Bonn – Alte Freunde, neue Feinde.

## Early life and education

Johanna Gastdorf was born on 17 March 1959 in Hamburg, West Germany.

## Career

Gastdorf's first acting role was in Ein guter Schritt, Böses zu tun, in 1984.
In 2008, she starred in The Wave, and she is also known for her role as Irene in the 2020 film Class Reunion 2.0 – The Wedding (Die Hochzeit).
In 2023 she played Ursula in the TV series Bonn – Alte Freunde, neue Feinde, a political drama set in post-war West Germany in 1954.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1995 | Küß mich! | Regisseurin | |
| 1995 | Bunte Hunde [de] | Staatsanwältin | |
| 1998 | Four for Venice | Nick's secretary | |
| 2001 | Heart [de] | Marlies Bode | |
| 2003 | The Miracle of Bern | Christa Lubanski | |
| 2004 | Off Beat | Mutter des Mädchens | |
| 2005 | Sophie Scholl – The Final Days | Else Gebel | |
| 2007 | Neandertal [de] | Guido's Mother | |
| 2007 | Cold Summer [de] | Renate Sawatzke | TV film |
| 2007 | The Unpolished | Dr. Irm Branzger | |
| 2007 | Herr Bello | Huhn | |
| 2008 | The Wave | Mutter Tim | |
| 2009 | Hilde | Frieda Knef | |
| 2011 | Eine Insel namens Udo | Frau Weber | |
| 2012 | Glory: A Tale of Mistaken Identities [de] | Elke Ebling | |
| 2014 | The Chosen Ones | Petra Grust | TV film |
| 2016 | 24 Weeks | Beate, Astrid's mother | |
| 2016 | Fritz Lang [de] | Thea von Harbou | |
| 2016 | Rivals Forever: The Sneaker Battle [de] | Pauline Dassler | TV film |
| 2018 | Never Look Away | Großmutter Malvine | |
| 2019 | Die Goldfische | Olivers Mutter | |
| 2019 | Die Hochzeit | Irene | |
| 2023 | Bonn – Alte Freunde, neue Feinde | Ursula | |
# Donga (musician)

Ernesto Joaquim Maria dos Santos, better known as Donga, (April 5, 1890 – August 25, 1974) was a Brazilian guitarist and composer. He composed what is considered the first recorded samba, the 1916 song Pelo Telefone.

## Life and career

Donga was born in Rio de Janeiro, the son of Pedro Joaquim Maria and Amélia Silvana de Araújo; he had eight siblings. His father was a bricklayer and played the euphonium in his spare time; his mother was the known Tia Amélia from the group of tias baianas of Cidade Nova and liked to sing modinhas and promoted countless parties.
He participated in the musical gatherings at the home of Tia Ciata, alongside João da Baiana, Pixinguinha, Hilário Jovino Ferreira and others. A big fan of Mário Cavaquinho, he started playing that instrument by ear, at the age of 14. Shortly afterwards he learned to play the guitar, studying with Quincas Laranjeiras. In November 1916 he registered in the National Library of Brazil the recording of Pelo Telefone, considered the first recorded samba in history.
He organized with Pixinguinha the Orquestra Típica Donga-Pixinguinha. In 1919, together with Pixinguinha and six other musicians, he joined, as a guitarist, the group Oito Batutas, which toured Europe in 1922.
In 1926 he joined the band Carlito Jazz band. In 1940 Donga recorded nine compositions (among sambas, toadas, macumbas and lundus) from the album Native Brazilian Music, organized by two conductors: Leopold Stokowski and Heitor Villa-Lobos, released in the United States by Columbia.
At the end of the 50s he returned to perform with the group Velha Guarda, in shows organized by Almirante [pt].

## Personal life and death

In 1932 Donga married Zaíra de Oliveira, also a musician, with whom he had a daughter, Lígia. Zaíra died in 1951; Donga married again in 1953 and went to live in the neighborhood of Aldeia Campista, where he retired as a retired bailiff. Sick and almost blind, he lived his last days at the Retiro dos Artistas, dying in 1974. He is buried in the São João Batista Cemetery.
Elson Nascimento, most well known as a member of the Sun Ra Arkestra, is one of Donga's direct descendants.
# Leigh Wood (footballer)

Leigh James Wood (born 21 May 1983 in Selby, England) is an English footballer, who plays for Selby Town FC after leaving Harrogate Town. He is at home anywhere in the centre of defence or midfield.
Leigh was released by York City in May 2004. He later joined Harrogate Town. He left the club in June 2008.
# İzzettin Yıldırım

İzzettin Yıldırım was a Kurdish Nurcu activist from Turkey, and the leader of Zehra Nur Movement, who was assassinated by Kurdish Hezbollah.

## Life

He was born in 1946 in the Kızılkaya village of Patnos District of Ağrı Province. His father, Tahir Yıldırım, who was an imam, died when İzzettin was very young. After completing his primary school education in his village, he studied at various madrasahs in various provinces. He began reading the Risale-i Nur of Said Nursî, and decided to become a Nurcu. Then he came to Istanbul to complete his military service. In 1990, together with his close friends Zekeriya Özbek, Hüseyin Daşkın, Gıyaseddin Bingöl and Yasin Yıldırım, he founded the Zehra Education and Culture Foundation, known as Med-Zehra.
İzzettin Yıldırım was kidnapped by while preparing for tarawih on December 29, 1999. No news about him came for weeks. The body of İzzettin Yıldırım was found in a Hezbollah cell house in Ümraniye as part of the 2000 Istanbul raids.
On Tuesday, February 1, 2000, he was buried in Eyüp Cemetery. Tens of thousands of people who attended the funeral. The tens of thousands who attended the funeral demanded justice for his assassination.
On April 27, 2009, Turkish police raided a house believed to be operated by Hezbollah, in Elazig, in the biggest operation against Hezbollah since Beykoz Operation. During the search, a video of the murder of İzzettin Yıldırım was seized. It seemed as if he was murdered after days of torture. Yıldırım was murdered by the pig bond method, one of Hezbollah's signature methods.
# Aegista mayasana

Aegista mayasana is a species of air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Camaenidae.

## Distribution

This shell occurs on Mount Maya, Japan.