# Smith County, Texas

Smith County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 233,479. Its county seat is Tyler. Smith County is named for James Smith, a general during the Texas Revolution. Smith County is part of the Tyler metropolitan statistical area and the Tyler–Jacksonville combined statistical area.

## History

For thousands of years, indigenous peoples occupied this area of present-day Texas. The first known inhabitants of the area now known as Smith County were the Caddo Indians, who were recorded here until 1819. That year, a band of Cherokee, led by their chief, "The Bowl" (also known as Chief Bowles), migrated from Georgia and settled in what are now Smith and Rusk counties. The Treaty of Bowles Village on February 23, 1836, between the Republic of Texas and the Cherokee and 12 affiliated tribes, gave all of Smith and Cherokee counties, as well as parts of western Rusk County, southern Gregg (formed from Rusk County in 1873) and southeastern Van Zandt counties to the tribes.
Native Americans remained on these lands until the Cherokee War in the summer of 1839, as part of European-American conflicts with Native Americans in Texas. The Cherokee were driven out of Smith County. In this period, Cherokee and other Native American nations were forced from the Southeast United States to west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory during Indian Removal.
After 1845, some Cherokee returned when Benjamin Franklin Thompson, a white man married to a Cherokee, purchased 10,000 acres of land in Rusk County and allowed them to settle. The Mount Tabor Indian Community developed here, some six miles south of present-day Kilgore. The community later grew and incorporated areas near Overton, Arp, and Troup, Texas.
In July 1846, Smith County separated from the Nacogdoches District and was named for James Smith, a general of the Texas Revolution. At this time, Tyler was designated as the county seat.
During the American Civil War, Camp Ford was the largest Confederate prisoner-of-war camp west of the Mississippi River. Here, Sheriff Jim Reed of Collin County and Judge McReynolds, former chief justice of the district, were seized and lynched by "Regulators".
The original site of the camp stockade is now a public historic park owned by Smith County, as such it is exempted from making any County property tax contribution, and is managed by the Smith County Historical Society. The park contains a kiosk, a paved trail, interpretive signage, a cabin reconstruction, and a picnic area. To date, it has never been the site of a paid venue, nor public event. It is located on Highway 271, 0.8 miles north of Loop 323.

### 20th century to present

Camp Fanin, a World War II US army replacement training facility, was located in the area known as Owentown, northeast of Tyler along US Hwy 271. Many of its original buildings still exist.
The Smith County Historical Society, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, was founded in 1959 by individuals and business firms dedicated to discovering, collecting, and preserving data, records, and other items relating to the history of Smith County. More information can be found at the Smith County Historical Society Website.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 950 square miles (2,500 km$^2$), of which 921 square miles (2,390 km$^2$) are land and 28 square miles (73 km$^2$) (3.0%) are covered by water.
The county infrastructure includes some 1,180 miles (1,900 km) of two-lane county road.

### Major highways

* Interstate 20
* U.S. Highway 69
* U.S. Highway 80
* U.S. Highway 271
* State Highway 31
* State Highway 57
* State Highway 64
* State Highway 110
* State Highway 135
* State Highway 155
* Loop 49
* Loop 323

### Adjacent counties

* Wood County (north)
* Upshur County (northeast)
* Gregg County (east)
* Rusk County (southeast)
* Cherokee County (south)
* Henderson County (southwest)
* Van Zandt County (northwest)

### Communities
#### Cities

* Arp
* Hideaway
* Lindale
* New Chapel Hill
* Noonday
* Overton (mostly in Rusk County)
* Troup (small part in Cherokee County)
* Tyler (county seat)
* Whitehouse

#### Towns

* Bullard (small part in Cherokee County)
* Winona

#### Census-designated place

* Emerald Bay

#### Unincorporated communities

* Antioch
* Bascom
* Blackjack
* Bostick
* Browning
* Carroll
* Copeland
* Dogwood City
* Elberta
* Flint
* Garden Valley
* Gresham
* Jamestown
* Lee Spring
* Midway
* Mount Sylvan
* New Harmony
* New Hope
* Omen
* Owentown
* Pine Springs
* Pine Trail Estates
* Red Springs
* Salem
* Sand Flat
* Shady Grove
* Sinclair City
* Starrville
* Swan
* Teaselville
* Thedford
* Walnut Grove
* Waters Bluff
* Wood Springs
* Wright City

#### Ghost towns

* Burning Bush
* Douglas
* Utica

## Demographics

Smith County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 118,598 | 130,246 | 134,452 | 67.88% | 62.11% | 57.59% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 33,129 | 37,195 | 38,003 | 18.96% | 17.74% | 16.28% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 562 | 734 | 746 | 0.32% | 0.35% | 0.32% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 1,201 | 2,550 | 4,129 | 0.69% | 1.22% | 1.77% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 29 | 63 | 77 | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 119 | 225 | 695 | 0.07% | 0.11% | 0.30% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1,547 | 2,613 | 8,096 | 0.89% | 1.25% | 3.47% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 19,521 | 36,088 | 47,281 | 11.17% | 17.21% | 20.25% |
| Total | 174,706 | 209,714 | 233,479 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
In the 2010 U.S. census, Smith County had a population of 209,714, up from its 1850 population of 4,292. By the 2020 census, its population increased to 233,479. Among its population in 2010, the racial and ethnic makeup was 62.11% non-Hispanic white, 17.74% Black or African American, 0.35% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.22% Asian alone, 0.03% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.11% some other race, 3.47% multiracial, and 17.21% Hispanic or Latino of any race. In 2020, its racial and ethnic makeup was 57.59% non-Hispanic white, 16.28% Black or African American, 0.32% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.77% Asian alone, 0.03% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.30% some other race, 3.47% multiracial and 20.25% Hispanic or Latino of any race; 2020's census statistics reflected state and nationwide demographic trends of greater diversification within the U.S. overall.
At the 2021 American Community Survey, Smith County had a median household income of $63,115; its mean household income was $86,661. Among the owner-occupied housing units of the county, the median value was $169,600, and there was a median real estate tax of $2,634. Owner-occupied housing units without a mortgage had a median value of $173,700 and median real estate tax of $2,203. Throughout the county, an estimated 12.51% of the population lived at or below the poverty line.

## Politics

Smith County was one of the first areas of Texas to break off from a Solid South voting pattern. The last Democrat to carry Smith County was incumbent President Harry S. Truman in 1948. The county's conservative white voters began splitting their tickets as early as the next election, when it swung from a 29-point win for Truman to a 17-point win for Dwight Eisenhower. In 1964, it rejected Democratic President and Texas native Lyndon B. Johnson in favor of Barry Goldwater, albeit by fewer than 500 votes. It was one of three East Texas counties, along with Panola and Gregg, to vote for Goldwater. At that time, most Blacks and Latinos in the county were still disenfranchised due to the state's discriminatory use of certain barriers. Underscoring how rapidly it swung Republican, the Democrats have only managed 40 percent of the county's vote four times since Truman, the last being Jimmy Carter in 1976. No Democrat has managed even 30 percent of the county's vote in the past seven elections, though Barack Obama and Joe Biden came close in 2008 and 2020, respectively.
United States presidential election results for Smith County, Texas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 74,862 | 71.85% | 28,041 | 26.91% | 1,283 | 1.23% |
| 2020 | 69,080 | 68.85% | 29,615 | 29.52% | 1,639 | 1.63% |
| 2016 | 58,930 | 69.52% | 22,300 | 26.31% | 3,538 | 4.17% |
| 2012 | 57,331 | 72.02% | 21,456 | 26.95% | 814 | 1.02% |
| 2008 | 55,187 | 69.36% | 23,726 | 29.82% | 648 | 0.81% |
| 2004 | 53,392 | 72.48% | 19,970 | 27.11% | 302 | 0.41% |
| 2000 | 43,320 | 71.46% | 16,470 | 27.17% | 834 | 1.38% |
| 1996 | 32,171 | 59.97% | 18,265 | 34.05% | 3,207 | 5.98% |
| 1992 | 27,753 | 47.03% | 17,514 | 29.68% | 13,739 | 23.28% |
| 1988 | 34,658 | 64.67% | 18,719 | 34.93% | 215 | 0.40% |
| 1984 | 40,740 | 72.60% | 15,227 | 27.13% | 152 | 0.27% |
| 1980 | 28,236 | 64.61% | 14,838 | 33.95% | 626 | 1.43% |
| 1976 | 22,238 | 56.62% | 16,856 | 42.92% | 181 | 0.46% |
| 1972 | 23,671 | 74.37% | 8,041 | 25.26% | 115 | 0.36% |
| 1968 | 12,079 | 39.51% | 8,897 | 29.10% | 9,595 | 31.39% |
| 1964 | 12,960 | 50.88% | 12,474 | 48.97% | 38 | 0.15% |
| 1960 | 12,042 | 57.84% | 8,494 | 40.80% | 285 | 1.37% |
| 1956 | 12,255 | 65.21% | 6,468 | 34.42% | 69 | 0.37% |
| 1952 | 10,947 | 56.40% | 8,450 | 43.53% | 13 | 0.07% |
| 1948 | 3,181 | 28.13% | 6,473 | 57.24% | 1,655 | 14.63% |
| 1944 | 936 | 9.81% | 6,671 | 69.94% | 1,931 | 20.25% |
| 1940 | 1,557 | 14.19% | 9,410 | 85.74% | 8 | 0.07% |
| 1936 | 660 | 8.47% | 7,116 | 91.37% | 12 | 0.15% |
| 1932 | 750 | 9.15% | 7,424 | 90.53% | 27 | 0.33% |
| 1928 | 3,493 | 59.85% | 2,343 | 40.15% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 1,079 | 18.85% | 4,473 | 78.16% | 171 | 2.99% |
| 1920 | 707 | 15.13% | 2,965 | 63.45% | 1,001 | 21.42% |
| 1916 | 773 | 22.21% | 2,422 | 69.58% | 286 | 8.22% |
| 1912 | 485 | 14.93% | 1,936 | 59.61% | 827 | 25.46% |
Smith County is represented in the Texas House of Representatives by Matt Schaefer (R) of Tyler and the Texas Senate by Senator Bryan Hughes (R). Its U.S. Representative is Nathaniel Moran (R).

## Government and infrastructure

The county is governed by a Commissioners Court, made up of four members elected from single-member districts and a county judge elected at-large.
Smith County ranks 10th in the State of Texas for road miles. The county has 1,170 miles – about the distance from Tyler, Texas to Paradise, Nevada – of roads it maintains. The Smith County Road & Bridge Department maintains the county's bridges and roads, including mowing the rights of way.
The $39.5 million Smith County Road Bond passed with 73% of the vote on November 7, 2017. The issuance of bonds was for road and bridge construction and major improvements. Road work around the county is well underway. For a list of road projects in the two-phase, six-year bond program, visit www.smith-county.com.

### Officials

Twenty-eight elected officials serve Smith County citizens (county auditor is not an elected position):
| Official | Function |
| County judge | County administration (as presiding member of the commissioners court) and judicial jurisdiction |
| Commissioners (four, one per precinct) | County administration (commissioners court) |
| Sheriff | Security and law enforcement |
| District attorney | Law enforcement and criminal prosecution |
| Constables (five, one per precinct) | Law enforcement |
| Justices of the peace (five, one per precinct) | Judicial/legal jurisdiction |
| District clerk | Judicial support to district courts |
| County clerk | Clerk of record for the county |
| County tax assessor-collector | Collector of property taxes and special fees |
| County treasurer | County's chief banker |
| County court at law judges (three) | Judicial/Legal jurisdiction |
| District judges (four) | Judicial/legal jurisdiction |

## Education

These school districts serve school-aged children in Smith County:
* Arp Independent School District
* Bullard Independent School District (also partially in Cherokee County)
* Chapel Hill Independent School District
* Gladewater Independent School District (also partially in Gregg County and Upshur County)
* Lindale Independent School District (also partially in Van Zandt County)
* Troup Independent School District (also partially in Cherokee County)
* Tyler Independent School District
* Van Independent School District (also partially in Van Zandt County)
* Whitehouse Independent School District
* Winona Independent School District
Those wishing to attend institutions of higher learning in the area can attend:
* Tyler Junior College
* Texas College
* University of Texas at Tyler

## Media

Smith County is part of the Tyler/Longview/Jacksonville DMA. Local media outlets are: KLTV, KTRE-TV, KYTX-TV, KFXK-TV, KCEB-TV, and KETK-TV.
KTBB, an AM radio station based in Tyler, provides a news-talk format to the area.
The daily Tyler Morning Telegraph is the primary newspaper in the county, based in Tyler. Coverage of the area can also be found in the Longview News-Journal, published in Longview, in Gregg County.