OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Al-Rahba

The siege of Al-Rahba was a military engagement between the invading Ilkhanate Mongols and the Egyptian Mamluk al-Rahba garrison. It was the last military engagement of the Mamluk-Ilkhanid War.
In 1312, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, al-Nasir Muhammad, began forming his own Mamluk emirs instead of Syrian ones. Having formed 46 new Emirs, he began eliminating the Emirs who had brought him to power. Only two emirs managed to escape the purge: Qaransunqur, nai'b (deputy) of Damascus, and Aqqush al-Afram, nai'b of Tripoli, who escaped to the Ilkhanate territory with 600 Mamluks. The two Mamluk emirs convinced the Ilkhanate ruler, Öljaitü, to attack the Mamluks, to which he agreed.
The Mongol army set out in October from the city of Mosul. Mamluk spies in Baghdad informed of this and went to inform the Mamluk Sultan of the upcoming invasion. The Mongol march was slow, only moving nine miles a day, which allowed the Mamluks to prepare before their arrival. The Mongols arrived at the walls of al-Rahba castle and began the siege of the castle on December 23, the month of Ramadan.
The castle of al-Rahba was well-supplied, garrisoned, and prepared, led by the nai'b, Ibn al-Azkashi. The Mongols launched several assaults against the walls, and the Mamluks repelled several of their assaults, causing heavy casualties to the Mongols. The Mongols found themselves in a difficult position; they began running out of provisions and fodder. Mongol sources attribute the failure of the siege to the hot weather. The Mongols raised the siege on January 26 of the next year. They left all of their siege equipment, and the Mamluk garrison marched out and captured them, taking them to the citadel.
The Mongols never returned to attack the Mamluks again, instead engaging in diplomacy with the Mamluks. The failure of the siege was part of the crumbling situation of the Ilkhanate. The economy was falling. The Khanate was split into two administrative governments. Öljaitü returned to drinking and would die on December 1316.
# The Champs (podcast)

The Champs is a comedy podcast hosted by Neal Brennan, Moshe Kasher, and until 2013 DJ Douggpound (Doug Lussenhop of the Tim and Eric Show). It is part of the All Things Comedy podcast network.
Kasher said the following of the podcast in a 2011 interview with SanDiego.com: "It’s Doug dropping sound effects and beats over me and Neal kind of hosting an hour of ridiculous chat. We have a rotating black guy guest, there’s a different black guest every week." Guests of the show have included actor/comedians Wayne Brady and David Alan Grier, as well as musician Questlove, adult film star Lexington Steele and professional basketball player Blake Griffin. The show has strayed from its guest format on occasion with guests such as comedian and actor Bobby Lee, former pornographic actress Sasha Grey, former Major League Baseball player Jose Canseco and actor Aziz Ansari. In 2014 The Champs was named "Best Podcast" as part of LA Weekly's "Best of L.A." issue.
The podcast ended on February 28, 2016 due to the difficulties of finding and scheduling guests in a timely manner. Questlove was the show's final guest.
# Ángel Schandlein

Ángel Schandlein (12 August 1930 - 4 April 1998) was an Argentine footballer. He played in nine matches for the Argentina national football team in 1956 and 1957. He was also part of Argentina's squad for the 1957 South American Championship.
# Tom McAvoy

Thomas John McAvoy (August 12, 1936 – March 19, 2011) was an American professional baseball pitcher who appeared in one game in Major League Baseball for the Washington Senators in 1959. Listed at 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and 200 pounds (91 kg), he batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
Tom McAvoy was signed by the Senators in 1956 and played four seasons in the minor leagues before joining the big team on the final day of the 1959 season.
McAvoy was a player whose baseball career can be loosely described as a cup of coffee. He debuted against the Boston Red Sox on September 27, 1959, at Fenway Park as a replacement for starter Jim Kaat in the second inning, scattering one hit and two walks without strikeouts over 2⅔ shutout innings and did not have a decision. In that game, McAvoy retired Ted Williams on a grounder to second base. McAvoy never appeared in a major league game again.
In seven minor league seasons, McAvoy posted a 38–72 record and a 4.74 ERA in 176 pitching appearances.
McAvoy died in Stillwater, New York, at the age of 74, following complications from pancreatic cancer.
# Sancho II of Portugal

Sancho II (Portuguese pronunciation:; 8 September 1207 – 4 January 1248), nicknamed the Cowled or the Capuched (Portuguese: o Capelo), alternatively, the Pious (Portuguese: o Piedoso), was King of Portugal from 1223 to 1248. He was succeeded on the Portuguese throne by his brother, King Afonso III, in 1248.
Sancho was born in Coimbra, the eldest son of Afonso II of Portugal by his wife, Urraca of Castile.

## Military career and reign

By the time of his accession to the throne, in 1223, Portugal was embroiled in a difficult diplomatic conflict with the Catholic Church. His father, Afonso II, had been excommunicated by Pope Honorius III, for his attempts at reducing the Church's power within the country. A treaty of 10 articles was signed between the Pope and Sancho II, but the king paid little attention to its fulfillment. His priority was the Reconquista, the reconquest of the southern Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. From 1236 onwards, Sancho II conquered several cities in the Algarve and Alentejo, securing the Portuguese position in the region.

## Dispossession from throne

Sancho II proved a capable commander but, with regard to equally important administrative issues, he was less competent. With his total attention focused on military campaigns, the ground was open for internal disputes. The nobility was displeased by the king's conduct and started to conspire against him. Moreover, the middle class of merchants quarrelled frequently with the clergy, without any intervention from the king. As a result, the bishop of Porto made a formal complaint to the pope about this state of affairs. Since the Church was the dominant power of the 13th century, Pope Innocent IV felt free to issue bull Grandi non immerito, ordering the Portuguese to choose a new king to replace the so-called heretic.
In 1246, recalcitrant nobles invited Sancho's brother Afonso, Count of Boulogne, to take the throne. Afonso immediately abdicated from his French possessions and marched into Portugal.

## Exile and death

After a civil war lasting from late 1245 to mid 1247 and a Castilian intervention by the Castilian heir, Prince Alfonso, he fled in exile to Toledo, Spain when Alfonso retreated his forces to support his father in the siege of Seville. He died in Toledo on 4 January 1248 and was buried in its cathedral.

## Marriage

Sancho married, circa 1240, a Castilian lady, Mécia Lopes de Haro, widow of Alvaro Peres de Castro, and daughter of Lope Díaz II de Haro and Urraca Alfonso de León, an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of León, but they had no legitimate sons.
# Joseph Carl von Anrep

Joseph Carl von Anrep (Russian: Иосиф Романович Анреп, romanized: Iosif Romanovich Anrep-Elmpt; 6 February 1798 – 28 June 1860) was a Baltic German general during the Crimean War. He was a member of the Russian branch of the Anrep family, the son of Heinrich Reinhold von Anrep, a general of the Russian cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars.

## Biography

Anrep married Cecelia [Cäcilie] Julie Philippine Elmpt zu Burgau. On 6 May 1853, by edict of the Tzar, he was styled Count Anrep-Elmpt in order to preserve the title of his wife's grandfather, Count von Elmpt, who had no other heir. At the start of the Crimean War, Anrep was a colonel in Russian army, but he was quickly promoted to general. He commanded the Russian troops at the siege of Calafat. Anrep died in 1860. He was the owner of Kärstna manor in present-day Estonia. His son, Reinhold von Anrep-Elmpt, was an explorer.
# Rick Adams (baseball)

Reuben Alexander "Rick" Adams (December 24, 1878 – March 10, 1955) was an American professional baseball player whose career spanned over 13 seasons, including one in Major League Baseball with the Washington Senators (1905). In his one major league season, Adams went 2–5 with a 3.59 earned run average (ERA), three complete games, one shutout and 25 strikeouts in 11 games, six starts. Adams also played in the minor leagues with the Spokane Blue Stockings (1901), Tacoma Tigers (1901), Paris Eisenfelder's Homeseekers (1902), New Orleans Pelicans (1902–1903), Montreal Royals (1904), Temple Boll Weevils (1905), Cleburne Railroaders (1906), Denver Grizzlies (1907–1910), Houston Buffaloes (1911), Denison Blue Sox (1913) and Denison Champions. Over his minor league career, Adams went 169–125 in 280 games. He batted and threw left-handed.

## Professional career
### Early career

Adams began his professional career in the Class-D Pacific Northwest League in 1901. That season, he played for the Spokane Blue Stockings and the Tacoma Tigers. Between the two teams, Adams went 18–16. In 1902, Adams started the season with the Class-D Paris Eisenfelder's Homeseekers of the Texas League. With Paris, he went 18–11 in 31 games, 28 starts. Amongst Texas League pitchers, Adams was fifth in wins. Later that season, Adams joined the Class-A New Orleans Pelicans where he went 6–1 in nine games, all starts. In 1903, Adams continued playing with the Pelicans. On the season, he went 14–11 in 29 games. Adams joined the Class-A Montreal Royals and went 13–10. After the season, Adams returned to his home in Texas. On March 16, 1905, Adams re-signed with the Montreal Royals. However, Adams did not play with the Royals in 1905, instead playing with the Class-C Temple Boll Weevils of the Texas League. In 16 games, Adams went 13–3.

### Washington Senators

During the 1905 season, while playing with the Temple Boll Weevils, Adams joined the Washington Senators Major League Baseball franchise. Adams made his major league debut on July 13, 1905. On the season, Adams went 2–5 with a 3.59 ERA, three complete games, one shutout and 25 strikeouts in 11 games, six starts. His last appearance in Major League Baseball was on September 29, 1905.

### Later career

In 1906, Adams joined the Class-D Cleburne Railroaders. On the season, he went 25–13 in 40 games. Amongst Texas League pitchers, Adams was tied for first in wins. Adams joined the Class-A Denver Grizzlies of the Western League in 1907. With the Bears that season, Adams played 27 games. In 1908, still with the Bears, Adams went 16–17. Adams continued playing with the Bears in 1909 and went 15–13 in 25 games. During the 1910 season, Adams' last with the Denver Bears, he went 9–5. In 1911, Adams joined the Class-B Houston Buffaloes of the Texas League. He went 2–11 that season. Adams was absent from the professional baseball circuit in 1912, however, he returned in 1913 to play with the Class-D Denison Blue Sox. In 20 games with the Blue Sox, Adams went 6–7. In his final season in professional baseball, 1913, Adams played for the Class-D Denison Champions where he went 14–7.
# The Charlotte Greenwood Show

The Charlotte Greenwood Show was a old-time radio situation comedy broadcast in the United States, on the longtime National Broadcasting Company (NBC) radio network, aired for three months from June 13 to September 5, 1944, and then later on the newly established in 1945 of the now independent third American broadcasting media network of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC radio and later also television network, formerly the old NBC Blue Network, divested / sold from NBC in 1942), airing from October 15, 1944 to January 6, 1946.

## Background

The program began as a summer replacement for The Bob Hope Show (1948-1955) on the NBC radio network. Newspaper syndicated gossip and entertainment / celebrity news columnist Hedda Hopper (1885-1966) reported, "The interesting thing is that she (Charlotte Greenwood, 1890-1977) got the job on a couple of scripts written by her husband, Martin Broones, who's never before written for radio."

## Format

The 1944 short summer version of the show on the NBC Blue Network (1927-1945), had comedienne Greenwood, playing herself, working as a cub reporter in a small newspaper as research in preparation for a future film role. When the program resurfaced in 1945 on the newly established ABC independent radio network, Greenwood's character had now the responsibility of raising three children, teenagers Jack and Barbara and little Robert after her good friend died, making her executor of the estate. The setting was the fictional town of "Lakeview".
An old time radio reference commented that Greenwood's character "managed to be single, moral, and peppy."

## Characters, cast and personnel

The main characters of the latter program and the actors portraying them are shown in the table below.
| Character | Actor/actress |
| Jack Barton | Cliff Carpenter, Edward Ryan |
| Barbara Barton | Janet Waldo, Betty Moran |
| Robert Barton | Dix Davis, Bobby Larson |
| Judge Cronin | Charles Cantor |
| William Anderson | John Brown |
| Mr. Reynolds | Edward Arnold |
Others in the cast were Shirley Mitchell, Arthur Q. Bryan, Harry Bartell and Will Wright. Wendell Niles was the announcer. The writers included Jack Hasty, Don Johnson, Ray Singer, and Phil Leslie. The producers included Arnold McGuire.
# Gokarna, Bangladesh

Gokarna stands on the bank of Haral River in Bangladesh which connected with Titas River. This village was historically considered as a remote area; prior to the modern era of road travel its inhabitants relied on boats. Many highly respected people were born in Gokarna, including Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda KCIE born in 1862 at this village. He became the first Muslim president of the Imperial Legislative Council in 1921. In the past, people traveled from Gokarna to Dhaka and Calcutta by river.

## Etymology

Gokarna means Cow's Ear. It is so named due to the ear-shaped confluence of Haral River connected with Titas River.

## Geography

Gokarna (Bengali: গোকর্ণ) is a village of Brahmanbaria Sadar Upazila at Brahmanbaria District in the Division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Gokarna is located at 24°08'31.7"N 91°12'19.3"E. This is the 10th Union Council of Nasirnagar Upazila.

### Haors and beels

During the rainy season Haral River links with Titas River which connects with Meghna River. Haral River blows from the east to the west at the south of the village. She looks big when over flooded and three rivers water joint together. After water dries-up, the farmer cultivates on the alluvial laid vast field and river bed becomes green Haor. Water divides in Beels like Shaapla, Balinga, Chilauri, Hasania, Tarullah, Puillya, Biduba, Hakhati, Kudal-kati, Ladra, Khujla, Haral etc. This land is called Akashi Maath or Sky Touched Land).
Each season brings different beauties in the nature that reflects in this area. Now education, health, electricity and communication have made this another modernized village in Bangladesh.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Gokarna had 1,433 households and a population of 7,218.

## Administration

Gokarna Union is formed by the other village of Jethagram, Shochiura, Deghar, Pathanishar, Chotipara, Brahmanshashon, Nurpur, and Lahajura.

## Communication

Sarail Upazila to Nasirnagar Upazila Dam Road crossed spirally the Haor and life for the villagers made easier to communicate with Brahmanbaria and Dhaka.

## Education

Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda founded this high school in his ancestral property named Gokarna Syed Waliuallah High School in 1915 which bestowed on the name of his same aged uncle Syed Waliullah. After that it is named Gokarna Syed Waliullah High School And College.
# Mahāparinibbāna Sutta

The Mahāparinibbāna Sutta is Sutta 16 in the Dīgha Nikāya, a scripture belonging to the Sutta Piṭaka of Theravāda Buddhism. It concerns the end of Gautama Buddha's life - his parinibbāna - and is the longest sutta of the Pāli Canon. Because of its attention to detail, it has been resorted to as the principal source of reference in most standard accounts of the Buddha's death.

## Content

The sutta begins a few days before the rainy retreat when Vassakara, the minister, visited the Buddha in Rajgir on the initiative of Ajātasattu, a king of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha. The narrative continues beyond the three months of the rainy retreat and records the passing away of the Buddha, his cremation and the division of relics finally ending with the erection of eight cetiyas or monuments enshrining the relics of the Buddha. This shows the Indian origin of Buddhist funeral customs.

## Versions

There are numerous versions of the Mahāparinibbāna Sutta. Among them, the Pali version is of an early date in respect of language and contents. The Mahāparinibbāna Sutta is of utmost historical and cultural value and therefore it has become a sourcebook for students of Buddhism, Buddha biography and history of Buddhist thought and literature. Other versions of the text exist in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.

## Date of Composition

On the basis of philological evidence, Indologist and Pali expert Oskar von Hinüber says that some of the Pali suttas have retained very archaic place-names, syntax, and historical data from close to the Buddha's lifetime, including the Mahāparinibbāna Sutta. Hinüber proposes a composition date of no later than 350-320 BCE for this text, which would allow for a "true historical memory" of the events approximately 60 years prior if the short chronology for the Buddha's lifetime is accepted (but also reminds us that such a text was originally intended more as hagiography than as an exact historical record of events).
The contents of narratives about the First Buddhist Council follow closely the narrative presented in the Mahāparinibbāna Sutta, leading scholars like Louis Finot and Erich Frauwallner to conclude that they originally formed a single continuous narrative. These narratives of the First Council and found in part or in whole in all six extant Vinaya traditions, whose organization and basic contents are believed by many scholars to stem from before the earliest schisms in the Buddhist Sangha. In some versions, the contents of the Sutta are included before the narrative of the First Council that ends the Skandhaka section of the Vinaya Pitakas. In other cases, the sutta narrative and the council narrative are divided between the Sutta Pitaka and Vinaya Pitaka.
# Meghji Chavda

Meghjibhai Chavda (born 1958) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Kalavad Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in Jamnagar district. He won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Chavda is from Kalavad, Jamnagar district, Gujarat. He is the son of Amrabhai Parbatbhai Chavda. He is a commerce graduate. His wife is in business and runs a studio.

## Career

Chavda won from Kalavad Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 59,292 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Jignesh Solanki of the Aam Aadmi Party, by a margin of 15,850 votes. He first became an MLA winning the 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election, also on the BJP ticket, defeating Dinesh Parmar of the Indian National Congress, by a margin of 6,119 votes.
# Neutral Clef

The neutral clef (aka "percussion clef") is the clef used used for all non-pitched percussion instruments. Depending on the music, the staff associated with this clef could have a different number of lines. For example, sheet music for a single snare part could be a single line centered on the clef, while sheet music for a full drum set would use 5 lines and the full percussion notation system. These 5 lines are also used for most concert band music, even though each part is played by a different person.
# Heather Mann

Heather Mann (born 9 July 1989) is a British individual rhythmic gymnast representing England and Great Britain at international competitions. She competed at world championships, including at the 2005 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships where she finished in 3rd place. She represented England at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, finishing 9th in the individual all-around event.
# Jamal Millner

Jamal Millner (born February 26, 1971) is an American guitarist from West Virginia, who was a member of the band 5x5 led by Corey Harris.

## Early life

His parents went to "lots of shows". When he was four they took him to a Taj Mahal show and he got up on stage and played his plastic guitar. This was his very first "gig".

## Discography
### As leader

* Phatness (1997)

### As sideman

* 2018 : To Everyone in All the World: A Celebration of Pete Seeger - John McCutcheon - Guitar (Electric)
* 2015 : Live! From Turtle Island - Corey Harris - Composer
* 2009 : Chioggia Beat - Morwenna Lasko - Engineer, Guitar (Electric)
* 2003 : Box of the Blues - Various artists - Producer, Guitar
* 2003 : Mississippi to Mali - Corey Harris - Engineer, Photography
* 2003 : Sleeping Lines - Plink - Guitar
* 2002 : Downhome Sophisticate - Corey Harris - Producer, Arranger, Composer
* 2001 : Untethered - Gar Ragland - Composer
* 1999 : Greens from the Garden - Corey Harris and the 5x5 - Guitar, Producer, Arranger
* 1999 : Live at the End of the World - Baaba Seth - Producer
* 1996 : Between White and Black - Barbara Martin - Bottleneck Guitar
# University of California Museum of Paleontology

37°52′16.18″N 122°15′43.24″W﻿ / ﻿37.8711611°N 122.2620111°W﻿ / 37.8711611; -122.2620111
The University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) is a paleontology museum located on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
The museum is within the Valley Life Sciences Building (VLSB), designed by George W. Kelham and completed in 1930. Its collections are primarily intended for research and are, thus, not accessible to the public. A limited number of fossils from the collection is on display in the VLSB. Although located on the Berkeley campus, the museum is the primary locality for storing fossils collected statewide. The original fossils, around which the current collection has grown, were those gathered as part of the California Geological Survey from 1860 to 1867.

## Website

UCMP was one of the first museums to have its own website in the early 1990s, due to its location within a technology-oriented university with a good Internet connection. The site has been applauded for its use of visually appealing graphics, was nominated for a Webby Award five times, and received a medal from the Smithsonian Institution. It also had a cameo appearance in the movie Deep Impact, albeit under an incorrect name.

## Notable figures

Annie Montague Alexander was the first benefactor of the museum, and led some early expeditions.

### Faculty

Many notable paleontologists have worked as staff at UCMP. Dates given after each name indicate when the person was part of the university faculty or working in the museum.
* John C. Merriam (1869–1945)
* Charles Lewis Camp (1921-1975)
* William Diller Matthew (1927–1930)
* Ruben Arthur Stirton (1930–1966)
* Samuel Paul Welles (1940–1997)

### Directors

* Bruce L. Clark (1880-1945)
* William Diller Matthew (1871-1930)
* Charles Lewis Camp (1893-1975)
* Ruben Arthur Stirton (1901-1966)
* Donald E. Savage (1917-1999)
* Joseph T. Gregory (1914-2007)
* William B. N. Berry
* William A. Clemens Jr.
* Jere H. Lipps
* David R. Lindberg
* Roy L. Caldwell
* Charles R. Marshall