OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mukhwas

Mukhwas is a colorful South Asian after-meal snack used as a breath freshener. As per Agamas, mukhwas forms one of the components of sixteen upcharas (offerings) to a deity in a Puja, the Hindu mode of worship or prayer. It consists of various seeds and nuts, often fennel, anise, coconut, coriander, and sesame. They can be savory or sweet in flavor and are often aromatic due to the addition of various essential oils, including peppermint. Mukhwas are often coated in sugar and brightly colored.

## History and etymology

The word "mukhwas" is an amalgamation of the Sanskrit words mukha (mouth) and vāsa (to stay/to keep). Mukhwas forms an essential part of the Hindu tradition of Shodash Shringar (sixteen embellishments, as mentioned by the Hindu poet Keshavdas. Ancient Sanskrit literature and Medieval Hindu literature in Hindi, Rajasthani, and Gujarati contain references to mukhwas.
# Rupert Momin

Rupert Momin (born 8 March 1974) is an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He is a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from Kharkutta Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in North Garo Hills district. He won the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election representing the National People's Party.

## Early life and education

Momin is from Kharkutta village, North Garo Hills district, Meghalaya. He completed his Master of Library and Information Science in 1998 at North Eastern Hill University, Shillong and also did LLB at Tura Law College, Tura in 2011. His wife works as an assistant lecturer at Mendipathar College.

## Career

Momin won from Kharkutta Assembly constituency representing the National People's Party (India) in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He polled 17,426 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Cherak Matre Momin of the All India Trinamool Congress, by a margin of 1,530 votes. He first became an MLA winning the 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election defeating Cherak Watre Momin of the Indian National Congress, by a margin of 809 votes. Earlier, he contested as an independent candidate in the 2013 Assembly election and finished third behind Congress candidate Cherak Momin, winner, and Omillo K. Sangma of NPP.
# Big Bottom Slough Bridge

The Big Bottom Slough Bridge is a historic bridge in rural eastern Independence County, Arkansas. Now closed to traffic, it formerly carried Padgett Island Road across Big Bottom Slough about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Magness. It is a pin-connected Pratt through truss structure, with a span of 110 feet (34 m) and a total structure length of 192 feet (59 m). The bridge was built in 1909, and is the only bridge of its type in the area.
The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004, as "Big Botton Slough Bridge".
# Obereoides antennatus

Obereoides antennatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2003. It is known from Bolivia.
# Radomierowice

Radomierowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murów, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 31 km (19 mi) north of the regional capital Opole.

## Notable residents

* Erich Pietzonka (1906-1989), Fallschirmjäger officer
# Jakarta International Equestrian Park

Jakarta International Equestrian Park or JIEP (Indonesian: Pacuan Kuda Pulomas) is an equestrian sport venue located at Kayu Putih, Pulo Gadung, East Jakarta, Indonesia. After renovation, the arena was inaugurated on 2 August 2018. This arena was used as a venue for 2018 Asian Games. It has land area of 35-hectares with a main four-story pavilion of 1500 seating capacity, two-storied 156 capacity horse stables, athletes lodging, an animal hospital, and training places.
The park is disable friendly, which has secured international certification from World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in Paris and from the European Union. After 2018 Asian Games JIEP will also be used for other events, such as a venue for conferences, weddings or even music concerts and art exhibitions.
# FM 101 (Pakistan)

FM 101 is a commercial FM radio station owned by Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation. It is broadcast from Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore, Islamabad and around 10 cities of Pakistan.

## History

On 1 October 1998, Radio Pakistan started FM transmission simultaneously from Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore under the title of FM 101, exclusively for entertainment. It mainly broadcasts free-to-air content.

## Network

FM 101 is a network of 18 FM stations and is spread around nine cities of Pakistan. The list of the cities is given below.
* Islamabad
* Lahore
* Multan
* Karachi
* Quetta
* Faisalabad
* Hyderabad
* Sialkot
* Peshawar
* Sargodha
* Abbottabad

### Satellite

FM 101's transmission is available on Asiasat 3.

### Internet

FM 101's transmission is also available on the web.
# Mayralborn Syiem

Mayralborn Syiem (born 20 May 1980) is an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He is a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from Nongpoh Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in Ri Bhoi district. He won the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election representing the United Democratic Party.

## Early life and education

Syiem is from Pahamsohthri, Nongpoh, Ri Bhoi district, Meghalaya. He is the son of J Syiem. He completed his MA in 2004 at North Eastern Hills University.

## Career

Syiem won from Nongpoh Assembly constituency representing United Democratic Party in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He polled 14,940 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Rona Khymdeit of the Indian National Congress, by a margin of 6,137 votes. He first became an MLA winning the 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election on the Indian National Congress ticket.
# Fuipiano Valle Imagna

Fuipiano Valle Imagna (Bergamasque: Föipià) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Bergamo. On 30 November 2004, it had a population of 207 and an area of 4.2 square kilometres (1.6 sq mi).
Fuipiano Valle Imagna borders the following municipalities: Brumano, Corna Imagna, Gerosa, Locatello, Taleggio, Vedeseta.
# Ramesh Singh

Ramesh Singh (born 1980) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Shahganj Assembly constituency in Jaunpur district. He won the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election representing the Nirbal Indian Shoshit Hamara Aam Dal Party.

## Early life and education

Singh is from Husainganj, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh. He is the son of Ram Singh. He passed Class 8. His wife looks after farming and family business.

## Career

Singh won from Shahganj Assembly constituency representing the Nirbal Indian Shoshit Hamara Aam Dal Party in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 87,233 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Shailendra Yadav Lalai of the Samajwadi Party, by a magin of 719 votes.
# Marco Roth

Marco Roth (born 1974) in New York, New York is a co-founder and former editor of n+1 magazine.

## Life

Roth is a graduate of The Dalton School, Columbia University, and began but did not finish a PhD in Comparative Literature from Yale University. In 2009, he was awarded a Pew Fellowship in the Arts, and the Roger Shattuck prize for literary criticism in 2011. He lived for many years in Philadelphia.
He resigned from his masthead position at n+1 in response to the publication of what he called "an unapologetic, celebratory account of the pro-Palestinian rallies on Oct. 8" following the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel.
Roth was previously married to Emily Wilson.

## Essays and criticism

His work has appeared in the Dissent, New York Times, Harper's, The London Review of Books, The Times Literary Supplement and the Nation. His memoir, The Scientists: A Family Romance, about his father's death and "truths and limitations in literature", came out in 2012.

## Selected works

* Roth, Marco (20 February 2014). "I don't want your revolution". London Review of Books. Vol. 36, no. 4. pp. 24–25. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017.
* "Among The Believers" Harper's Magazine. October, 2015.
* "Belgrade: History-of-the-Present" Places Journal, October 2015.
* "An insular view of the Nobel prize". The Guardian. 8 October 2008.
* "A Year in Reading: Marco Roth". The Millions. December 11, 2009.
* "Enduring Love". Tablet. July 19, 2007.
* Roth, Marco; n+1 (2014). "Too Much Sociology". In Wilson, Carl (ed.). Let's Talk About Love: Why Other People Have Such Bad Taste. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 245–256. ISBN 978-1-4411-6677-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

### Selected Articles published in n+1

* "Derrida: An Autothanatography" A memoir/obituary about Roth/Derrida.
* "I'm with Stupid" - About Michael Moore and our values."
* "On Torture And Parenting" On the psychology of American torturers and behavioral therapists.
* "Attack of the Clones" On Houellebecq, Ishiguro, and the idea of the clone in contemporary fiction.
* "Lower the Voting Age!" Argument to lower the voting age to 16.
* "Rise of the Neuronovel" Neurology vs. Modernism in Contemporary Fiction.
* "Throwback Throwdown" On the rhetoric of "sampling" in contemporary writing.
* "The Information Essay" On the informational sublime in the contemporary essay.
* "The Drone Philosopher" On Drones and the imagination.
Interviews
* "Young Critics: Marco Roth". Full Stop. 22 June 2011.
* "Conversations With Writers Braver Than Me #14." The Rumpus. January 4, 2013.
# Aasra

Aasra (lit. 'Shelter') is a 1966 Hindi movie produced by Madan Mohla and directed by Satyen Bose. The film stars Biswajeet, Mala Sinha, Balraj Sahni, Nirupa Roy and Jagdeep. The film's music is by Laxmikant-Pyarelal. The movie is a remake of the 1961 Bengali movie Madhyarater Tara.

## Plot

Medical Dr Amar Kumar is an eligible bachelor. His parents are looking for a bride match for him. Amar meets Roopa the daughter of Bishambarnath who considers him a good suitor. Bishambarnath is Surendernath's (Amar's father) old friend. But Amar gets attracted to her distant cousin, Shobha who is treated as a house servant in Bishambhar's household, as she became an orphan after her fathers death and was brought to Bishambhar's home by a neighbour. Bishambhar has 4 other children, than Roopa. Amar gets a chance to go abroad. Meanwhile, Shobha gets pregnant. When it became public, Shobha is thrown out of home after a nice beating.
She escapes from the abusive household and is taken in by Amar's kind parents, without knowing she is pregnant. Later, they came to know about it and are in confusion what to do but Surendernath is again kind enough and let her stay asking Maya if it was their own daughter then what will they do? There is a twist, who is the father? Shobha never reveals the father's name of the child. A baby boy is delivered. Shobha disappears from scene after delivery. The baby is reared by Balraj and Maya until his own daughters who came for a visit, object. Surendernath sends the child somewhere and does not tell anyone. As 2 years have passed, Amar returns. He searches for Shobha but does not find her. Later he learns about Shobha's pregnancy and her child from his own parents. He tells the truth that before going abroad he proposed to Shobha and in love they slept with each other, once. And the child is his own. Surendernath knows where Shobha and child are. He tells Amar and that way whole family is united with a happy note. Parents liked Shobha from beginning except the illegitimate pregnancy details.

## Cast

* Biswajeet as Amar
* Mala Sinha as Shobha
* Balraj Sahni as Surendranath
* Nirupa Roy as Maya
* David as Bishambharnath
* Praveen Paul as Mrs. Bishambharnath
* Jagdeep as Harish (Bishambharnath's Eldest Son)
* Ameeta as Roopa (Bishambharnath's Eldest Daughter)

## Soundtrack

Lyricist: Anand Bakshi
| # | Song | Singer |
| 1 | "Daiya Ri Daiya Yashoda Maiya" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 2 | "Neend Kabhi Rehti Thi Aankhon Mein" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 3 | "Tum Kaun Ho, Batao Tumhara Naam Hai Kya" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| 4 | "Sajna Kidhar Saari Ratiyan" | Lata Mangeshkar, Usha Mangeshkar |
| 5 | "Shokhiyan Nazar Mein Hai" | Mohammed Rafi |
| 6 | "Mere Soone Jeevan Ka Aasra Hai Tu" | Asha Bhosle |
# 2008 Tennessee Senate election

The 2008 Tennessee State Senate election was held on November 4, 2008, to elect 16 of the 33 seats for the Tennessee's State Senate. The elections coincided with the Presidential, U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and State House elections. The primary elections were held on August 7, 2008.
Republicans gained 2 seats, expanding their majority that they gained in 2006.

## Predictions

| Source | Ranking | As of |
| Stateline | Lean R (flip) | October 15, 2008 |

## Results summary

| Party | Party | Candidates | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Candidates | No. | % | Before | Up | Won | After | +/– |
| | Republican | | | | 17 | | | 19 | 2 |
| | Democratic | | | | 16 | | | 14 | 2 |
| | Independent | | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| | Write-in | | | | 0 | | | 0 | |
| Total | Total | Total | | | 33 | | | 33 | |
| Source: ||||||||||
Popular vote
Republican
Democratic
Other
Senate seats
Republican
57.58%
Democratic
42.42% :
# Four Dharmadhātu

The Four Dharmadhatu (Chinese: 四法界; pinyin: sì fǎjiè) is a philosophical concept propagated by Master Dushun (Chinese: 杜順; 557-640 CE), the founder of the Huayan school. It builds upon and is a variant of the Dharmadhatu doctrine.

## The Four Dharmadhatu

The Four Dharmadhatu were outlined in Dushun's treatise, the title of which has been rendered into English as 'On the Meditation of Dharmadhātu'. The Four Dharmadhatu are:
* The Dharmadhātu of Shi (Chinese: 事法界; pinyin: shì fǎjiè). Shi holds the semantic field "matter", "phenomenon", "event". It may be understood as the "realm" (Sanskrit: dhātu) of all matters and phenomena.
* The Dharmadhātu of Li (Chinese: 理法界; pinyin: lǐ fǎjiè). Li holds the semantic field: "principle", "law", "noumenon". This realm may be understood as that of principles. It has been referred to as "the realm of the one principle". The "one principle" being qualified as śūnyatā (Sanskrit).
* The Dharmadhātu of Non-obstruction of Li against Shi (traditional Chinese: 理事無礙法界; simplified Chinese: 理事无碍法界; pinyin: lǐshì wú'ài fǎjiè). This realm has been rendered into English as "the realm of non-obstruction between principle and phenomena".
* The Dharmadhātu of the Non-obstruction of Shi and Shi (traditional Chinese: 事事無礙法界; simplified Chinese: 事事无碍法界; pinyin: shìshì wú'ài fǎjiè). This realm has been rendered into English as "the realm of non-obstruction between phenomena".
# Issam Mahrous

Issam Mahrous is a Syrian former footballer who played for the national team as a defender. Mahrous represented Syria in the 1984 Asian Cup.
# Simple interactive object extraction

Simple interactive object extraction (SIOX) is an algorithm for extracting foreground objects from color images and videos with very little user interaction. It has been implemented as "foreground selection" tool in the GIMP (since version 2.3.3), as part of the tracer tool in Inkscape (since 0.44pre3), and as function in ImageJ and Fiji (plug-in). Experimental implementations were also reported for Blender and Krita. Although the algorithm was originally designed for videos, virtually all implementations use SIOX primarily for still image segmentation. In fact, it is often said to be the current de facto standard for this task in the open-source world.
Initially, a free hand selection tool is used to specify the region of interest. It must contain all foreground objects to extract and as few background as possible. The pixels outside the region of interest form the sure background while the inner region define a superset of the foreground, i.e. the unknown region. A so-called foreground brush is then used to mark representative foreground regions. The algorithm outputs a selection mask. The selection can be refined by either adding further foreground markings or by adding background markings using the background brush.
Technically, the algorithm performs the following steps:
* Create a set of representative colors for sure foreground and sure background, the so-called color signatures.
* Assign all image points to foreground or background by a weighted nearest neighbor search in the color signatures.
* Apply some standard image processing operations like erode, dilate, and blur to remove artifacts.
* Find the connected foreground components that are either large enough or marked by the user.
For video segmentation the sure background and sure foreground regions are learned from motion statistics. SIOX also features tools that allow sub-pixel accurate refinement of edges and high texture areas, the so-called "detail refinement brushes".
As with all segmentation algorithms, there are always pictures where the algorithm does not yield perfect results. The most critical drawback of SIOX is the color dependence. Although many photos are well-separable by color, the algorithm cannot deal with camouflage. If the foreground and background share many identical shades of similar colors, the algorithm might give a result with parts missing or incorrectly classified foreground. SIOX performs about equally well on different benchmarks compared to graph-based segmentation methods, such as Grabcut. SIOX is, however, more noise robust and can therefore also be used for the segmentation of videos. Graph-based segmentation methods search for a minimum cut and therefore tend to not perform optimally with complex structures.
The algorithm has initially been developed at the department of computer science at Freie Universitaet Berlin. The main developer, Gerald Friedland, is now faculty at the EECS department of the University of California at Berkeley and also a Principal Data Scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. He continues to support the development through mentoring, e.g. in the Google Summer of Code.
# International Computer Science Institute

37°52′12″N 122°16′16″W﻿ / ﻿37.870052°N 122.271235°W﻿ / 37.870052; -122.271235
The International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) is an independent, non-profit research organization located in Berkeley, California, United States. Since its founding in 1988, ICSI has maintained an affiliation agreement with the University of California, Berkeley, where several of its members hold faculty appointments.

## Research areas

ICSI's research activities include Internet architecture, network security, network routing, speech and speaker recognition, spoken and text-based natural language processing, computer vision, multimedia, privacy and biological system modeling.

## Research groups and leaders

* The Institute's director is Dr. Lea Shanley.
* SIGCOMM Award winner Professor Scott Shenker, one of the most-cited authors in computer science, is the Chief Scientist and head of the New Initiatives group.
* SIGCOMM Award winner Professor Vern Paxson, who leads network security efforts and who previously chaired the Internet Research Task Force.
* Professor Jerry Feldman is the head of the Artificial Intelligence Group.
* Adjunct Professor Gerald Friedland is the head of the Audio and Multimedia Group.
* Dr. Stella Yu is head of the Computer Vision Group.
* Dr. Serge Egelman is head of the Usable Security and Privacy Group.
* Dr. Steven Wegman is head of the Speech Group.

## Notable members and alumni

* Turing Award and Kyoto Prize winner Professor Richard Karp is an alumnus and former head of the Algorithms Group.
* Professor Nelson Morgan is a former director and former head of the speech group.
* Professor Trevor Darrell is an alumnus and former head of the Computer Vision Group.
* Professor Krste Asanovic, an ACM Distinguished Scientist, is an alumna and former head of the Computer Architecture Group.
* IEEE Internet Award winner Sally Floyd; connectionist pioneer Jerry Feldman; frame semantics and construction grammar pioneer Charles J. Fillmore and Collin F. Baker, who lead the FrameNet semantic parsing project; and Paul Kay, who published an influential study on the universality of color words.
* IEEE Internet Award winner Mark Handley founded the XORP open source router software project while at ICSI.
# Geetaba Jadeja

Geetaba Jayrajsinh Jadeja (born 1968) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. She is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Gondal Assembly constituency in Rajkot district. She won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Early life and education

Jadeja is from Gondal, Rajkot district, Gujarat. She is the wife of former two time MLA Jayrajsinh Jadeja. She studied Class 10 at Mondhiba Girls High School, Gondal and passed the SSC examinations in 1985.

## Career

Jadeja won from Gondal Assembly constituency representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. She polled 86,062 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Shivlal Barasia of the Aam Admi Party, by a margin of 78,864 votes. She first became an MLA winning the 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election defeating Khatariya Arjunbhai Ghanshyambhai of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 15,397.
In June 2024, her son Jyotiradityasinh, also known as Ganesh, was arrested for alleged rioting and atrocities against a scheduled caste student leader following kshatriya-dalit tensions which broke out in Rajkot. He was later granted bail by the Gujarat High Court in October 2024.
# Tapan Chatterjee (politician)

Tapan Chatterjee (born 1955) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Purbasthali Uttar Assembly constituency in Purba Bardhaman district. He won the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the All India Trinamool Congress.

## Early life and education

Chatterjee is from Purbasthali, Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Kalipada Chatterjee. He studied Class 12 at Purbasthali Nilmani Brahamchari Institution and passed the examinations conducted by the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education in 1974.

## Career

Chatterjee won from Purbasthali Uttar Assembly constituency representing All India Trinamool Congress in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 92,421 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Gobardhan Das of the Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 6,706 votes. He first became an MLA in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the then Purbasthali Assembly constituency.