# 2023 Serowe West by-election

A by-election for the Botswana parliamentary constituency of Serowe West was held on 8 July 2023. The vacancy was caused by the expulsion on 21 April 2023 of the incumbent Member of Parliament (MP), Tshekedi Khama of the BPF, following his absence from the minimum required two consecutive meetings of the same session to trigger a by-election per the Standing Orders of the National Assembly.
The election was won by Onalepelo Kedikilwe of the Botswana Patriotic Front. The BPF's majority of 25.1 pp in the 2019 general election was increased to a majority of 37.7 pp in this by-election, further consolidating the BPF's hold on the constituency. This result makes it the highest result achieved by an opposition party in the constituency, breaking the previous 2019 record.

## Background
### Constituency

Serowe West lies in the Central District and is primarily rural, with the main settlement being the village of Serowe. The constituency is part of the three historically safe BDP seats that flipped to the BPF and had an average swing of 76.7 percentage points towards the BPF. This shift can be attributed to the fact that the BaNgwato tribe, of which the Khama family is the royal family, resides in this constituency and the surrounding Serowe North and Serowe South constituencies. Prior to Ian and Tshekedi Khama's departure from the BDP, the constituency consistently voted for the party by significant margins. However, following the fallout between Ian Khama and President Mokgweetsi Masisi, Khama encouraged people in the Serowe region to vote for the newly formed BPF, and this message strongly resonated with the locals.
Tshekedi first became an MP for Serowe West in 2008 during a by-election that took place when his brother, Ian Khama, became the President of Botswana. Gomolemo Motswaledi initially expressed interest in contesting the constituency but was persuaded by the party to step aside for Tshekedi. Since then, Tshekedi was re-elected in the general elections of 2009, 2014, and 2019. In 2019, he became the first opposition candidate to win the constituency, breaking the ruling party's stronghold on the seat since independence in 1966. The constituency was previously represented by Seretse Khama, the founding President of Botswana and the father of both Ian and Tshekedi, from 1965 to 1974.

### Trigger

On 21 March 2022, Khama, the younger brother of former president Ian Khama, along with his twin brother Anthony and wife Thea, were arrested by the Directorate of Intelligence and Security (DIS) for alleged corrupt deals involving their company, Seleka Springs. Following their arrest, they fled to South Africa to meet Ian, who was in self-imposed exile at the time of the by-election after evading the confiscation of illegally possessed firearms.
According to Standing Order 16.2 of the National Assembly of Botswana, a Member of Parliament's (MP) seat becomes vacant if they are absent from the Assembly for two consecutive meetings during the same session without prior written permission from the Speaker:
   For the purposes of the Constitution it is hereby prescribed that the seat of any Member of Parliament (MP) shall become vacant if, without the leave of the Speaker obtained in writing before the end of the meetings referred to in this paragraph, that Member is absent from the Assembly for two consecutive meetings occurring during the same session.
Having met the required criteria, Tshekedi Khama's seat in Serowe West was declared vacant on 21 April 2023 by the acting Speaker at the time, Pono Moatlhodi. Prior to his expulsion, Tshekedi's last virtual attendance in parliament was during the winter (July-August) meeting of 2022. He failed to participate in the proceedings after the resumption of physical attendance in November 2022.

## Candidates
### BPF primary
#### Nominee

* Onalepelo Kedikilwe

#### Eliminated in primary

* James Kgalajwe
* Gaotilwe Omphile
* Mokgobolelo Mokgobelelo
* Mmaletlhare Kgosikhumo
* Monamodi Bagwasi
* Chimbidzani Chimidza

#### Results

Botswana Patriotic Front primary results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BPF | Onalepelo Kedikilwe | 443 | 44.1 |
| | BPF | Gaotilwe Omphile | 276 | 27.5 |
| | BPF | James Kgalajwe | 117 | 11.6 |
| | BPF | Mokgobolelo Mokgobelelo | 73 | 7.3 |
| | BPF | Mmaletlhare Kgosikhumo | 66 | 6.6 |
| | BPF | Monamodi Bagwasi | 22 | 2.2 |
| | BPF | Chimbidzani Chimidza | 8 | 0.8 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,005 | 100.0 |
The two other parties, the BDP and the BCP, did not hold primaries. The BDP nominated Moemedi Dijeng as the party's candidate whilst the BCP nominated Sebusiso Ngwenya.

## Results

2023 Serowe West by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BPF | Onalepelo Kedikilwe | 2,933 | 66.9 | +11.9 |
| | BDP | Moemedi Dijeng | 1,266 | 28.9 | −1.4 |
| | BCP | Sebusiso Ngwenya | 103 | 2.3 | New |
| | Independent | Kefilwe Koboto | 82 | 1.9 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,667 | 37.7 | +12.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,422 | 44.9 | −38.3 |
| | BPF hold | BPF hold | Swing | +6.7 | |

## Previous result

General election 2019: Serowe West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BPF | Tshekedi Khama | 4,394 | 55.4 | New |
| | BDP | Moemedi Dijeng | 2,405 | 30.3 | −47.3 |
| | UDC | Rolent Gambule | 749 | 9.4 | −4.2 |
| | AP | Leremela Bogosing | 387 | 4.9 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,989 | 25.1 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 7,935 | 83.4 | +0.5 |
| | BPF hold | BPF hold | Swing | +51.4 | |