OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maroa Caldera

The Maroa Caldera (Maroa Volcanic Centre) is approximately 16 km × 25 km (9.9 mi × 15.5 mi) in size and is located in the north-east corner of the earlier Whakamaru caldera in the Taupō Volcanic Zone in the North Island of New Zealand. Volcanic activity in the caldera commenced over 300,000 years ago and the most recent volcanic eruption within in it was c. 9,400 years BCE.

## Geography

Its northern rim is to the south of the Waikato River at Ātiamuri. At Ātiamuri the Ohakuri Caldera which had a paired eruption with the Rotorua Caldera is to its immediate north. The eastern boundary is also defined by the present Waikato River and it extends as far south as probably opposite Orakei Korako on the river. The southern boundary is somewhat ill defined given the subsequent deep deposits from the Taupō Volcano but includes a number of domes of which the highest is Maroanui at 897 metres (2,943 ft).

## Eruptive history

The Maroa Caldera's last major eruption produced 140 km$^3$ (33.6 cu mi) of tephra about 230,000 years ago (230 ka). Its earliest eruption was about 300 ka with decreasing frequency and volume to as recently as 11.3 ± 1.7 ka cal. before present (BP), when an eruption of about 0.25 km$^3$ (0.1 cu mi) occurred from the Puketarata volcanic complex (38°33′02″S 176°03′16″E﻿ / ﻿38.550573°S 176.054519°E﻿ / -38.550573; 176.054519 to distinguish from another older volcano of this name near Te Kawa). The caldera is now mainly dome lava in filled. In summary going back in time:
* 11,300 ± 1,700 years ago most recent eruption Puketarata tuff ring, which formed with total volume of 0.25 km$^3$ (0.060 cu mi) in a complex multiphase series of eruptions including maar formation
* 229,000 to 196,000 years ago Pukeahua deposits and dome building
* 220,000 years ago unclear where Mokai ignimbrite that outcrop in some of Maroa area comes from
* 229,000 ± 12,000 years ago Ātiamuri deposits from northern Maroa
* 251,000 ± 17,000 years ago onward two large parallel dome complexes developed
* 256,000 ± 12,000 years ago Orakonui pyroclastics from a central Maroa source
* 272,000 ± 10,000 years ago Putauaki pyroclastics from a central Maroa source
* 275,000 to 240,000 years ago small-scale pyroclastic eruptions
* 283,000 ± 11,000 years ago Korotai deposits from northern Maroa
* 305,000 ± 17,000 years ago oldest Maroa dome
# Chrząchów

Chrząchów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Końskowola, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies on the Kurówka River, approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Końskowola, 11 km (7 mi) east of Puławy, and 37 km (23 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin. In 2004 the village had a population of 736.
There are about 160 small farms and houses, a small Roman Catholic church, fire brigade, elementary school and two shops.

## Name

According to local legend, the name of this village came from the sound of wild boars, but alternatively it may have come from:
* the name of an inhabitant or owner, or
* bushes, shrubs (Polish krzaki, local informal dialect krzoki).
In the old Polish language, k and ch were often written and spoken alternatively (for example chrzcić and krzcić = to baptize). In an old document the name of the village was written Krzochów.

## History

* Around 1430 it was mentioned for the first time. Since then it shared the history of the whole region. After the Partitions of Poland, in 1795, it became part of Austria. In 1809 it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw, only to become part of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815.
* Until 1831 it was a private village, a possession of Polish nobles.
* In 1827 there were 45 houses and 335 inhabitants, and in 1866 there were 70 houses.
* During World War I, Austro-Hungarian troops completely burnt the village.
* At the beginning of World War II, on September 10, 1939, the village was bombed by German Luftwaffe, although there were no troops nor military targets there; several persons were killed.
* During the war many people joined the resistance movement (Bataliony Chłopskie).
# Alois-Konstantin, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg

Alois-Konstantin, 9th Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, full German name: Alois Konstantin Karl Eduard Joseph Johann Konrad Antonius Gerhard Georg Benediktus Pius Eusebius Maria, Fürst zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (born 16 December 1941 in Würzburg, Bavaria) is a German businessman and, since 1990, the head of the mediatised House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, the Catholic cadet line of the Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim, itself the patrilineally senior but morganatic branch of the royal house of Wittelsbach, which ruled the Kingdom of Bavaria until 1918.

## Early life

Alois was born in Würzburg, the fifth child and only son of Karl, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and his wife, Carolina dei Conti Rignon. He had four older sisters, Maria (wife of Joseph, Archduke of Austria), Josephine (wife of Alexander, Prince of Liechtenstein), Monika (wife of Don Jaime Mendez de Vigo y del Arco) and Christiane (wife of Michael, Archduke of Austria), and two younger sisters, Elisabeth-Alexandra (wife of José Maria Trénor y Suarez de Lezo) and Lioba (wife of Moritz Eugen, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Wallerstein). He and his sisters spent their childhood in Bronnbach, and Alois attended school in Miltenberg.

## Career

Alois graduated with a degree in law from the University of Würzburg. After working for Gulf Oil in Pittsburgh, he was director of Merck Finck & Co and LGT Bank. He is a commander of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and a board member of the Papal Foundation Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice (CAPP). He also serves as the director of the Forum of German Catholics' Congress on Joy and Faith.

## Marriage and family

Alois married Anastasia (b. Brieg, 14 February 1944), the elder daughter of Prince Hubertus of Prussia, in a civil ceremony in 1965 in Bronnbach, and in a religious ceremony a month later in Erbach. The couple lives at Kleinheubach castle. They had four children:
* Carl Friedrich Hubertus Georg Eduardo Paolo Nicolo Franz Alois Ignatius Hieronymus Maria (1966–2010); married Stephanie von Brenken, They have four children.
* Hubertus Maximilian Gabriel Louis Franz Constantin Dominik Wunibald Maria (born 1968); married to Iris von Dornberg
* Christina Maria Johanna Caroline Magdalene Osy Cecilie Hermine Isidora Victoria Anastasia (b. 4 April 1974, Frankfurt). She married Guido von Rohr (b. 27 September 1969, Hanover) on 5 October 2002 in Kleinheubach. They have four children.
* Dominik Wilhelm Christian Nikolaus Sturmius Antonius Charles Benedikt Felix Maria (born 1983); married to Olga zu Castell-Rüdenhausen
His heir apparent is his grandson, Nicodemus, born 2 August 2001.
# Trousdale Place

Trousdale Place is a historic mansion in Gallatin, Sumner County, Tennessee. It was the home of John H. Bowen, local attorney and member of the United States House of Representatives, and of governor of Tennessee William Trousdale.

## Description

Trousdale Place is a two-story Federal-style brick structure with staggered Flemish-bond brickwork.

## History

John Bowen built the house circa 1813. Bowen died in 1822. The site of the house had been part of a North Carolina land grant in lieu of payment to James Trousdale, a veteran of the Revolutionary War. He sold this portion for the platting of the town of Gallatin.
His son William Trousdale purchased the house in 1836 and later was elected as Governor of Tennessee. The house was Trousdale's principal residence until his death there in 1872. His widow lived there until her death in the following decade, when the house was passed to their son, Julius Trousdale.
After the 1899 deaths of Julius and his only living child, Julius' widow, Annie Berry Trousdale, deeded the home to a local chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Since then, the house has been known as Trousdale Place. A Confederate monument was installed on the front lawn in 1903.
The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. In the 1970s, the Sumner County Museum was started as a small collection displayed inside Trousdale Place. By 1979, the museum was ready to build its own facility and was given permission to build on the grounds of Trousdale Place.
Today the house shares its grounds with the Sumner County Museum and is open to the public for tours by appointment. The interior of the house is furnished with original Trousdale furniture. It also contains a small library focused on the Confederacy.
# Sound of Speed

Sound of Speed is an extended play (EP) by Scottish rock band the Jesus & Mary Chain, released in June 1993. The EP was released by Blanco y Negro Records on 7-inch vinyl, 10-inch vinyl, cassette single, and CD single. It reached number 30 on the UK Singles Chart. William Reid and Jim Reid produced all the tracks. The Guardian called it "the last classic EP from the band" The lead song, "Snakedriver", was written for, and used in, the 1994 film The Crow.

## Track listing

All tracks were written by William Reid and Jim Reid except where noted.
7" (NEG66), 10" (NEG66TE, limited and numbered), and CD single (NEG66CD)
* "Snakedriver" – 3:39
* "Something I Can't Have" – 3:01
* "Write Record Release Blues" – 2:56
* "Little Red Rooster" (Willie Dixon) – 3:26
* All four tracks are on both sides of the cassette single version.

## Personnel

The Jesus and Mary Chain
* Jim Reid – vocals, guitar, production
* William Reid – vocal, guitar, producer
Additional personnel
* Dick Meaney – engineering

## Charts

Chart performance for Sound of Speed :
| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 30 |
# Robert Maras

Robert Maras (born 20 October 1978 in Freiburg) is a German former professional basketball player and basketball coach. Maras was born to immigrants from Croatia.

## Professional career

Maras played professional basketball in Spain (Caja San Fernando Sevilla, Palma Aqua Magica, U.B. La Palma), Greece (Egaleo AO) and Germany (USC Freiburg, ALBA Berlin, TuS Lichterfelde, Frankfurt Opel Skyliners, Giessen 46ers, Bayern Munich and TSV Oberhaching Tropics).

## National team career

Maras was a member of two of the most successful squads in German national team history. He was a part of the German teams that won the bronze medal at the 2002 FIBA World Championship, and the silver medal at the 2005 EuroBasket. Overall, he was a member of the German national basketball team on 66 occasions.
# Chudowola, Lublin Voivodeship

Chudowola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michów, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Michów, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Lubartów, and 40 km (25 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.
# Launch Complex 2

Launch Complex 2 may refer to:
* Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 2, a deactivated US Air Force launch site
* Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 2, an active rocket launch site in California, USA
* Xichang Launch Complex 2, an active rocket launch site in the People's Republic of China
* Rocket Lab Launch Complex 2, a space rocket launch site in Virginia, USA
# Jiang Daming

Jiang Daming (Chinese: 姜大明; pinyin: Jiāng Dàmíng; born 1953) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as the Minister of Land and Resources, and formerly served as Governor of Shandong.

## Career

Jiang was born in Rongcheng, Shandong province. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1976, and in 1982 received a bachelor's degree in philosophy from Heilongjiang University. He also received degrees in management at the Harbin Institute of Technology in 1996 and politics at the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party in 2001.
He has held numerous positions, including in Heilongjiang's production development team, vice-chairman of the All-China Youth Federation, member of the standing committee of the Shandong provincial committee and head of its organization department, vice-secretary and organization department head of the Shandong provincial committee, and Communist Party secretary of Jinan city.
In May 2007, he also became secretary of the Shandong government Party group. In June of the same year, he was elevated to vice-governor of Shandong province, and the acting governor. In January 2008, he formally became governor of Shandong province. He was appointed to the Minister of Land and Resources in March 2013.
He served as an alternate member of the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and a member of 17th and 18th Central Committee.
# L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality

L'Île-d'Orléans (French pronunciation:) is a regional county municipality in central Quebec, Canada, in the Capitale-Nationale region. Its seat is Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans. The population in the 2016 census was 7,082 people.
The RCM consists solely of the Île d'Orléans, an island in the Saint Lawrence River just east of Quebec City. It is the smallest RCM in Quebec in terms of land area (though not in total area including water).

## Subdivisions

There are 6 subdivisions within the RCM:

## Demographics
### Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1991 | 6,938 | — |
| 1996 | 6,892 | −0.7% |
| 2001 | 6,779 | −1.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2006 | 6,862 | +1.2% |
| 2011 | 6,711 | −2.2% |
| 2016 | 7,082 | +5.5% |
Source: Statistics Canada :

### Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality, Quebec :
| Census | Total | French | French | French | English | English | English | French & English | French & English | French & English | Other | Other | Other |
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2016 | 7,020 | 6,860 | 5.9% | 97.72% | 70 | 6.7% | 1.07% | 15 | 50.0% | 0.21% | 75 | 66.7% | 1.07% |
| 2011 | 6,610 | 6,480 | 0.9% | 98.03% | 75 | 6.3% | 1.13% | 10 | 81.8% | 0.15% | 45 | 57.1% | 0.68% |
| 2006 | 6,780 | 6,540 | 1.6% | 96.46% | 80 | 220.0% | 1.18% | 55 | 175.0% | 0.81% | 105 | 600.0% | 1.55% |
| 2001 | 6,705 | 6,645 | 0.7% | 99.11% | 25 | 37.5% | 0.37% | 20 | 0.0% | 0.30% | 15 | 40.0% | 0.22% |
| 1996 | 6,780 | 6,695 | n/a | 98.75% | 40 | n/a | 0.59% | 20 | n/a | 0.29% | 25 | n/a | 0.37% |

## Transportation
### Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border:
# Blue Origin NS-27

Blue Origin NS-27 was an uncrewed sub-orbital spaceflight mission, operated by Blue Origin, launched on October 23, 2024 using the New Shepard rocket. Previously, an October 7 launch attempt was called off after rocket issues and a subsequent attempt on October 13 foiled by a GPS issue.
The mission debuted the second human-rated New Shepard crew capsule, RSS Kármán Line and a new booster, NS5. Twelve payloads were flown, including two LIDAR sensors for Blue Origin's Lunar Permanence program and a reproduction of the black monolith from 2001: A Space Odyssey. Five payloads were on the booster and seven inside the crew capsule.
# Joe Cooke (footballer)

Joseph Cooke (born 15 February 1955) is a retired professional footballer from Dominica who spent his entire career in England. He began his career at as a centre-forward, but was later converted into a central defender.

## Career

Beginning at Bradford City, Cooke also played for Peterborough United, Oxford United, Exeter City, Rochdale and Wrexham.

## Personal life

His sister is children's author and Playdays presenter Trish Cooke.
# Roadside America

Roadside America was an indoor miniature village and railway covering 8,000 square feet (740 m$^2$). Created by Laurence Gieringer in 1935, it was first displayed to the public in his Hamburg, Pennsylvania, home. The miniature village's popularity increased after stories were published about it in local newspapers, which prompted Gieringer to move it to a recently-closed local amusement park called Carsonia Park. This location, which supported more visitors, was open from 1938 to about 1940. To accommodate growing interest and build a larger display, Geringer then purchased land at what would be the miniature village's final location, a former dance hall in Shartlesville, Pennsylvania off of Interstate 78, approximately 20 mi (32 km) west of the Lehigh Valley, where the display reopened in 1953.
After being closed since March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Roadside America announced on November 21, 2020, that they were closing permanently after trying, unsuccessfully, to find a buyer for the past three years, and that they would be auctioning off the display.

## The display

The 3/8 inch to one foot scale display contains:
* A 7,450 square foot, fully landscaped village diorama displaying over 300 miniature structures
* Up to 18 O gauge trains, trolleys and cable cars running throughout the display
* 10,000 hand-made trees
* 4,000 miniature people engaged in everyday daily pursuits
* Many rivers, streams and waterways
* Interactive animations such as a circus parade, construction workers, saw mill workers and more that can be activated by visitors
* 600 miniature light bulbs
The display is constructed with:
* 21,500 feet of electrical wiring
* 17,700 board feet of lumber
* 6,000 feet of building paper
* 4,000 feet of sheet metal under the plaster work
* 2,250 feet of railroad track
* 648 feet of canvas for waterproofing
* 450 feet of pipe
* 18,000 pounds of plaster
* 4,000 pounds of sheet iron
* 900 pounds of nails
* 600 pounds of rubber roofing material
* 75 pounds of dry paint
* 75 gallons of liquid paint
* 225 bushels of moss
* 25 bags of cement
* Three barrels of screened sawdust
* Three barrels of tar
Roadside America remained unchanged since Gieringer died in 1963.
# Chłopków, Lublin Voivodeship

Chłopków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frampol, within Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) east of Frampol, 20 km (12 mi) north of Biłgoraj, and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.
# Bombus sonorus

Bombus sonorus, commonly known as the Sonoran bumble bee, is a species of bumble bee in the family Apidae. It is found in Mexico and southwestern North America. Although it has often been categorized as a subspecies of Bombus pensylvanicus, it has since been shown to not hybridize with B. pensylvanicus over a broad area of geographic overlap, confirming its status as a distinct species.

## Description

Female B. sonorus is recognized by having the thoracic hairs yellow on the pronotum, anterior portion of scutum, and scutellum resulting in a black band between the base of the wings. Additionally, the first three abdominal segments (T1-T3) are entirely yellow. Males are similar, but have T1-T4 yellow. The shade of yellow is deep golden color. It can be confused with the yellow form of Bombus crotchii and with Bombus nevadensis. It is known to collect pollen from Gossypium, Viguiera, Helianthus, Linaria, Chrysothamnus, and Kallstroemia flowers. These bumblebees generally nest underground, often in old pocket gopher burrows.

## Etymology and name

The genus name Bombus is Latin for a buzzing sound. The specific name sonorus translates literally from Latin as noisy, loud, resounding, sonorous (sonorous is an English word that means loud and resounding, which makes sense given that it is a large bee that makes a loud buzzing sound when flying). However, the common name has always been the Sonoran bumble bee--likely due to an incorrect translation of sonorus and propagation of that error. If the species name had intended to refer to the Mexican state of Sonora (or the Sonoran desert), it would have been sonorensis. Thus, the common name probably should have been the sonorous bumble bee.

## Distribution, systematics, and conservation status

B. sonorus occurs from California to central Texas and south to southern Mexico. It is most closely related to B. pensylvanicus with which it overlaps in the western half of Texas and parts of New Mexico and Mexico. It is a member of the subgenus Thoracobombus. B. pensylvanicus sensu lato (which includes B. sonorus) is under review for federal protection under the Endangered Species Act and is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
# Netherlands–Ukraine relations

Netherlands–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between the Netherlands and Ukraine. The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1992. Notable incidents in their relations include was the shoot-down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in 2014 and the 2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum. The Netherlands is a member of the European Union, which Ukraine applied for in 2022. Both countries are full members of Council of Europe.

## History
### Russo-Ukrainian War

In October 2024 it was announced that the Netherlands would allocate 400 million euros to develop drones together with Ukraine.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Netherlands has an embassy in Kyiv.
* Ukraine has an embassy in The Hague.
* Embassy of the Netherlands in Kyiv
* Embassy of Ukraine in Den Haag
# Elisaveta Bykova

Elisaveta Ivanovna Bykova (or Elisabeth Bykova, Russian: Елизаве́та Ива́новна Бы́кова; 4 November 1913 – 8 March 1989) was a Soviet chess player and twice Women's World Chess Champion, from 1953 until 1956, and again from 1958 to 1962. She was awarded the titles of Woman International Master in 1950, International Master in 1953, and Woman Grandmaster in 1976. In 2013, she was inducted into the World Chess Hall of Fame.

## Career

Bykova was born to a peasant family. When she was twelve, her family moved to Moscow, where she began to play chess with her brother. Her talent became apparent in 1927, when she won her school's chess championship.
In 1938, she won the women's Moscow championship and after the Second World War she was a three-time winner of the Women's Soviet Chess Championship (1946, 1947 and 1950).
After winning in 1952 the Women's Candidates Tournament in Moscow, in 1953 she defeated in Leningrad the reigning champion Lyudmila Rudenko, with seven wins, five losses, and two draws. She lost the title to Olga Rubtsova in 1956, but won it back two years later, becoming the first woman to do so.
In 1960, she defended successfully the title against Kira Zvorykina (+6 –2 =5), but in 1962, she lost the title against the 21-year-old Nona Gaprindashvili (+0 –7 =4).
She worked as an engineer in a large Moscow printing house, and was also an author and columnist about chess in the USSR. Passionate about women's chess, Bykova also wrote three books about Vera Menchik, Soviet women chess players, and the Women's World Championship. She also promoted chess through lectures and the organization of tournaments.
# Aleksandr Naumov

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Naumov (1868 in Simbirsk – 1950 in Nice) was a Russian politician.

## Life

Naumov, a graduate of Moscow University, was a land captain in Samara Governorate from 1893 to 1897, a member of the Zemstvo Assembly of Stavropol Uezd in Samara Governorate from 1894 to 1897, and, from 1897 to 1902, the Chairman of the Zemstvo Board of Samara Governorate. The Tsar bestowed on him the title of Marshal of Nobility of Stavropol Uezd in 1902, and of Samara in 1905. Naumov was the publisher of the periodical Golos Samary; he was elected a member of the Russian State Council in 1909, 1912, and 1915 and again in 1916. He served as the Russian Minister of Agriculture during 1915 and 1916, then fled in the wake of the October Revolution.