# Mary Mack

"Mary Mack" ("Miss Mary Mack") is a clapping game of unknown origin. It is first attested in the book The Counting Out Rhymes of Children by Henry Carrington Bolton (1888), whose version was collected in West Chester, Pennsylvania. It is well known in various parts of the United States, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and in New Zealand and has been called "the most common hand-clapping game in the English-speaking world".
In the game, two children stand or sit opposite to each other, and clap hands according to the rhyming song. In some places, the repeated notes are given a quarter-note triplet rhythmic value or sounded early to syncopate the rhythm.
The same song is also used as a skipping rope rhyme, although rarely so according to one source.

## Rhyme

Various versions of the song exist; a common version goes;
    Miss Mary Mack, Mack, Mack
    All dressed in black, black, black
    With silver buttons, buttons, buttons (or "butt'ns, butt'ns, butt'ns")
    All down her back, back, back (or "Up and down her back, back, back")
    She asked her mother, mother, mother
    For 50 cents, cents, cents
    To see the elephants, elephants, elephants (or "hippos, hippos, hippos")
    Jump over the fence, fence, fence
    They jumped so high, high, high
    They reached the sky, sky, sky
    And didn't (or never) come back, back, back (or come down, down, down)
    Till the 4th of July ly ly
Alternate versions use "15 cents", "never came down" and end with repeating "July, July, July".
An alternate version, sung in Canada and England, includes the words:
    She could not read, read, read
    She could not write, write, write
    But she could smoke, smoke, smoke
    Her father’s pipe, pipe, pipe
An alternate version, sung in the American South:
    Mary Mack,
    Dressed in black,
    Silver buttons all down her back.
    She combed her hair
    And broke the comb
    She's gonna get a whoopin' when her Momma comes home
    Gonna get a whoopin' when her Momma comes home

## Clap

A common version of the accompanying clap is as follows:
* pat arms across chest: Arms across chest
* pat thighs: Pat thighs
* clap hands: Clap hands
* clap right hands together: Clap right palms with partner
* clap left hands together: Clap left palms with partner
* clap both hand together
* clap both palms with partner
Another version:
* &: One palm up, one palm down
* 4: Clap both partners hands
* &: Clap own hands
* 1: Cross arms to chest
* 2: Slap thighs
* 3: Clap own hands
Another Version:
* 4: Pat thighs
* &: Clap hands
* 1: Clap partners right hand
* &: Clap hands
* &: Clap partners left hand
* &: Clap hands
* 2: Clap both partners hands
* &: Clap hands
Another Version:
* &: One palm up, one palm down
* 1: Clap both partners hands
* &: Reverse hands
* 2: Clap both partners hands
* &: Clap own hands
* 4: clap partners right hand
* &: clap hands
* 5: clap partners left hand
* &: clap hands
* 6: clap partners right hand
* &: clap hands
repeat

## Possible origins

The origin of the name Mary Mack is obscure, and various theories have been proposed.
One theory is that the song originated in Virginia. Miss Mary Mack was a performer in Ephraim Williams’ circus in the 1880s; the song may be reference to her and the elephants in the show.
According to another theory, Mary Mack originally referred to the USS Merrimack, a United States warship of the mid-1800s named after the Merrimack River, that would have been black, with silvery rivets.
Early mentions of the part about the elephant do not include the part about Mary Mack.
The first verse, the repetition, is also a riddle with the answer "coffin".