OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carl Ludolf Griesbach

Carl Ludolf Griesbach (11 December 1847 – 13 April 1907), was an Austrian paleontologist and geologist who worked in East Africa and India.

## Life

Carl Ludolf Griesbach was born in Vienna to George Ludolph Griesbach. He studied at the University of Vienna and worked with the Geological Survey of Vienna. He joined a German expedition to East Africa in 1869-70 and returned to live in London. He wrote on the geology of Natal, with numerous illustrations made by himself. In 1878 he joined the Geological Survey of India in Calcutta. He was part of the Afghan Boundary Commission between 1884 and 1886. For his work during this period, he was created C.I.E. in February 1887 and awarded the Afghan medal and clasp. He succeeded William King as Director of the Geological Survey of India in 1894.
Griesbach discovered fossils of the ammonoid Otoceras which he suggested as marking the earliest Triassic period thus marking the boundary of the Permian and the Triassic. The term Griesbachian is sometimes applied to strata belonging to this early period. In 1896, Johann Mojsisovics named the Griesbachites genus after Griesbach's work in this area. Griesbach described what he called the Haimanta System, a series of rocks made of quartz, slate and conglomerate in a layer over the Vaikrita system in the central Himalayas of Kumaon.
Griesbach was elected Fellow of the Geological Society of London in 1874. He married his cousin Emma, daughter of the Reverend W.R. Griesbach, in 1869. They had a daughter and a son and following Emma's death in 1892, Griesbach lived in Graz, Austria, with his daughter until his death.
In recognition of his work, Tim Tozer of the Geological Survey of Canada named a creek on northwest Axel Heiberg Island (Canadian High Arctic) after him, and subsequently defined the Early Triassic sub-stage of Griesbachian time at that site.
# Steppesaurus

Steppesaurus is an extinct genus of basal Eupelycosauria belonging to the Sphenacodontidae, related to Dimetrodon and Sphenacodon, from the Late Permian San Angelo Formation of Texas.

## Discovery and naming

A maxilla and dentary, holotype FMNH UR 148, were at the Pease River found by Everett Claire Olson in 1950, who named the genus in 1953, together with James R. Beerbower, after J. Steppe who had assisted in the excavation.

## Description

The body length of Steppesaurus has been estimated as high as eighteen feet, making it the largest known sphenacodontid, but this failed to take into account that its teeth, as restored, were more widely spaced. It likely had less teeth in its maxilla, which as a whole was not particularly large.

## Classification

Olson in 1953 placed Steppesaurus in the Sphenacodontidae but in 1962 changed this to the Phthinosuchidae, making it a member of the Therapsida, as support for his hypothesis that these had been found in the Early Permian. This has proven to be very controversial.
# Watts Happening

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rapzilla | link |
| Okayplayer | link |
Watts Happening is rap artist Ohmega Watts' second album released on October 9, 2007.

## Track listing

* "What's It Worth"
* "Triple Double" (featuring Theory Hazit)
* "No Delay" (featuring Surreal)
* "Shorty Shouts"
* "Model Citizen"
* "Few and Far Between"
* "Eyes and Ears" (featuring Jneiro Jarel and Shape of Broad Minds)
* "Roc the Bells" (featuring Lightheaded)
* "Adaptacao" (featuring Tita Lima)
* "Saywhayusay"
* "Are You Satisfied" (featuring Sugar Pie DeSanto)
* "Dedicated"
* "Memory Lane" (featuring Genahral Victor)
* "Found"
* "Work for Wealth" (featuring Ragen Fykes and Barry Hampton of Triple Grip)
* "The Platypus Strut"
* "Freak Out"
* "Gone with the Wind"
# Rodovia Castelo Branco

The Rodovia Presidente Castelo Branco (SP-280) is a tollway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It was first opened on Saturday, 10 November 1968, by, then, the Governor of the state of São Paulo, Abreu Sodré. The tollway name was given in memory of former military despot Field Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, who served as President of Brazil during the military dictatorship.
Running westbound from the city of São Paulo and finishing in Espírito Santo do Turvo, while heading towards the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, near the northern border of the southern state of Paraná, 'Rodovia Castelo Branco, as it is popularly known, is about 315 km (196 mi) long, and one of Brazil's safest tollways. The tollway passes by several cities, including: Barueri, Santana de Parnaíba, São Roque, Sorocaba, Tatuí, Avaré and Águas de Santa Bárbara. Near Barueri and due to the large population of São Paulo, Rodovia Castelo Branco is one of the busiest and widest of Brazil's tollways.
Initially known as Rodovia do Oeste (Western Expressway), it was built in three phases. The first phase was during 1963 to 1968 (from the city of São Paulo to the city of Torre de Pedra, extending 170 km west). The second phase was during 1971, reaching the city limits of São Manuel and Avaré (another 58 km). The final and third phase, for 74 km, ended at highway SP-225, near the city of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo. Travelers going to Ourinhos and the Northwest part of the State of Paraná often follow the Castelo Branco (SP-225) route.
The tollway is managed and maintained by a state concession to three private companies: SPVias, Rodovias das Colinas and ViaOeste.

## System Castelo-Raposo

Together with the Raposo Tavares Highway (SP-270), it links the capital of São Paulo to the western interior of the state, known as the Castelo-Raposo System. It also allows access to the Midwest and North regions of Brazil and neighboring countries (Bolivia and Peru) by interconnecting with the Marechal Rondon Highway (SP-300), made by the João Hypólito Martins Highway (SP-209), which connects the Castle to the city of Botucatu. The Castle is also a route to the southern region of the country (western Paraná) and countries like Paraguay and Argentina.
The concessionaire CCR ViaOeste estimates that around 100 thousand vehicles will travel through the Castelo-Raposo System on a daily basis. The operation is monitored by the 78 cameras linked to the Concessionary's Operational Control Center (CCO) and also by the Integrated Control Center (CCI) of Artesp.
# Hello Mary Lou

"Hello Mary Lou" is a song written by American singer Gene Pitney first recorded by Johnny Duncan in 1960 and by Ricky Nelson at United Western Recorders Studios on March 22, 1961.
Nelson's version, issued as a double A-side with his No. 1 hit "Travelin' Man", (Imperial 5741), reached No. 9 on the Billboard music charts on May 28, 1961. In the United Kingdom it reached No. 2. It was also a hit in much of Europe, particularly Norway, where it spent 14 weeks at No. 1, Denmark where it also peaked at No. 1, and in Sweden, where it spent five months in the best selling chart (July–December) and peaked at No. 2 during eight weeks. In New Zealand, the song reached No. 4.
A 1991 reissue following the song's use in a TV advertisement gave the song a second chart run, peaking at No. 45 in the UK Singles Chart.
The song features an influential guitar solo by James Burton, often cited by later guitarists such as Brian May. Piano is by Ray Johnson, who had succeeded Gene Garf as Nelson's regular session pianist in November 1959. Other musicians on the record include Joe Osborn on bass and Ritchie Frost on drums.
The song appears on Nelson's sixth album Rick Is 21 (1961).

## Plagiarism settlement

"Hello Mary Lou" is similar to an earlier song, "Merry, Merry Lou", written by Cayet Mangiaracina and recorded by his band, the Sparks, in 1957 on a single released by Decca Records. It was covered by Bill Haley & His Comets as "Mary, Mary Lou" and released as a single later in 1957, also by Decca, and by Sam Cooke in 1958 for the Keen Records label. Mangiaracina would later become ordained as a Catholic priest. When "Hello Mary Lou" was released, the publisher of "Merry, Merry Lou", Champion Music (an arm of Decca Records), sued for plagiarism and a settlement was reached. Mangiaracina was given co-writing credit for "Hello Mary Lou" and a share of the song's royalties, while Champion received a share of the publishing.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1961) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Juke Box Magazine) | 1 |
| Denmark (Quan's Musikbureau) | 1 |
| Finland (Ilta-Sanomat) | 1 |
| Germany (Automaten-Markt) | 1 |
| Ireland (Dublin Herald) | 1 |
| Israel (Kol Yisrael) | 4 |
| Netherlands (Platennieuws) | 1 |
| New Zealand | 4 |
| Norway (Verdens Gang) | 1 |
| Sweden (Show Business Magazine) | 2 |
| UK (OCC) | 2 |
| US (Billboard Hot 100) | 9 |

## Cover versions

* The Brooks Brothers released it as a single in the UK in 1961.
* Siw Malmkvist, in 1969. A Swedish cover, Lyckans ost (Lucky you), which peaked at #3 on the chart Svensktoppen in December that year.
* Bobby Lewis, in 1970. This version reached No. 14 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.
* Creedence Clearwater Revival, in their 1972 album Mardi Gras.
* Led Zeppelin, in 1972, as part of their "Whole Lotta Love" medley, released in 2003 on How the West Was Won. It was removed from the 2018 remaster.
* The Statler Brothers in 1985, on their album Pardners in Rhyme.
* Queen played the song during their 1986 Magic Tour, as witnessed on their Live at Wembley '86 album.
# Artur Danielyan

Artur Gegamovych Danielyan (Armenian: Արթուր Դանիելյան; Ukrainian: Артур Гегамович Данієлян; born 9 February 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for West Armenia. Born in Ukraine, he has represented Armenia at youth level.

## Club career

Danielyan is the product of the FC Molod Poltava sportive school system. He spent a large part of his career as a player in two clubs of the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves.
He made his debut in the Ukrainian Premier League, playing as a substituted player in the main-squad team in a match of FC Stal against FC Chornomorets Odesa on 14 May 2016. In November 2017, at only 19 years old, he was elected Man Of The Match in a game against Shakhtar Donetsk that ended with a 1–1 draw. Profootball.ua wrote: "One of the main contributors to Stal's success was Artur Danielyan. He stood out with a selfless and sacrificed performance, making no mistake against the champions, that helped his team draw one point from the game."
On 7 January 2021, Danielyan left Ararat-Armenia mutual consent.

## International career

He was called up to the Armenia national under-17 football team and made his debut in the match against Belarus national under-17 football team on 25 June 2014. He's also had a few call ups and two caps for the Armenia national under-19 football team.

## Honours
### Club

Ararat-Armenia
* Armenian Premier League (2): 2018–19, 2019–20
* Armenian Supercup (1): 2019
# H. B. Mayo

Henry Bertram Mayo, D.Phil, FRSC, ((1911-06-17)17 June 1911—(2009-01-15)15 January 2009) was a Canadian political scientist. At the time of his death, he was Canada's oldest living Rhodes Scholar, and professor emeritus at Carleton University, Ottawa. Born in Fortune, Newfoundland, Mayo taught at a number of universities, received multiple honorary degrees and was president of the Canadian Political Science Association.

## Key ideas about democracy

The definition of democracy
In An Introduction to Democratic Theory (1960), Mayo argued that "a consistent and coherent theory of democracy" could be presented interms of a few "distinguishing principles."
* (1) Popular control of policy-makers, which required "choosing the policy-makers (representatives) at elections held at more or less regular intervals."
* (2) Political equality, which is "institutionalized as the equality of all adult citizens in voting" and, more specifically, that (a) "Every adult should have the vote", (b) "One person should have one vote", (c) "Each vote should count equally", and (d) "the number of representatives elected should be directly proportional to the number of votes cast for them."
* (3) Effectiveness of the popular control, which "entails a range of political freedoms. Among them are certainly the freedoms of speech, assembly, and organization, as well as die freedom to run for office."
* (4) Majority rule, such that "policies are made by representatives, on the majority principle."
Based on these four principles, Mayo proposed the following "working definition" of democracy: "a democratic political system is one in which public policies are made, on a majority basis, by representatives subject to effective popular control at periodic elections which are conducted on the principle of political equality and under conditions of political freedom."
The value of democracy
Mayo also argued that democracy was valuable for "inherent" and "instrumental" reasons.
He listed eight "inherent" reasons:
* (1) The peaceful voluntary adjustment of disputes
* (2) Ensuring peaceful change in a changing society
* (3) The orderly succession of rulers
* (4) The minimum of coercion
* (5) Diversity
* (6) The attainment of justice
* (7) The promotion of science
* (8) The freedoms found in a democracy
He discussed two "instrumental" reasons:
* (1) The maintenance of a free economy
* (2) The preservation of individual rights

## Partial bibliography

"Newfoundland and Confederation in the Eighteen Sixties," Canadian Historical Review, 1948.
Democracy and Marxism, Oxford University Press, 1955.
An Introduction to Democratic Theory, Oxford University Press, 1960.
An Introduction to Marxist Theory, Oxford University Press, 1955.
# Nils Bosson Sture

Nils Bosson Sture (1426–1494) was a Swedish noble and supporter of Sten Sture to be King of Sweden. He is famous for his flanking movement to surprise King Christian I of Denmark's army at the Battle of Brunkeberg in 1471. He died as a politician in the Swedish government in Stockholm, a proud man.

## Support of Sture

Sten Sture was elected as King Charles VIII of Sweden's successor, which was considered rebellion to Christian I of Denmark's legitimate rulership of Sweden. However, Nils Sture was a supporter of Charles VIII, and respected Sten Sture. Nils Sture was also a relative of Sten Sture as his cousin, and his support for Sten was proven family support. Christian I declared war on Sweden, and mobilized his armies. Nils joined Sten's armies in preparation to defend Sweden.

## Military career

Nils Sture traveled to central Sweden to recruit more Peasant Militia and Provincial Knights as Sten was doing. When he had recruited enough men, he joined Knut Posse and Sten near Stockholm. Posse was to attack from Stockholm to the east of the Danish Army. Sten was to launch the juggernaut at the Danish front, and Nils was to attack using a flanking movement. All of the Swedes were in position, and when the time came, the battle unfolded. Nils inched around the Danish Army, but Sten was having trouble. Nils had to hurry to save the Swedish Army. His attack nailed Christian's Army, and the Danish Army was smashed. The three Swedish Generals won against the Danish, but Posse was mortally wounded and died in Stockholm. Nils switched to politics after the war, and his death was at peace.
# Krogh model

Krogh model is a scientific model of mass transfer explaining the concentration of molecular oxygen through a cylindrical capillary tube as a function of a changing position over the capillary tube's length. It was first conceptualized by August Krogh in 1919 with the help of Agner Krarup Erlang to describe oxygen supply in living tissues from human blood vessels.
Its applicability has been extended to various academic fields, and has been successful explaining drug diffusion, water transport, and ice formation in tissues.

## Mathematical modeling

Krogh model is derived by applying Fick's laws of diffusion and the law of conservation of mass over a radial interval $Rc\leq r\leq Rt$

## Limitations

Although Krogh model is a good approximation, it underestimates oxygen consumption because the cylinder model does not include all the tissue surrounding the capillary.
# Two Prudential Plaza

Two Prudential Plaza is a 64-story skyscraper located in the Loop area of Chicago, Illinois. At 995 feet (303 m) tall, it is the seventh-tallest building in Chicago as of 2022 and the 28th-tallest in the U.S., being only five feet from 1,000 feet, making it the closest of any building under 1,000. Built in 1990, the building was designed by the firm Loebl Schlossman & Hackl, with Stephen T. Wright as the principal in charge of design. It has received eight awards, including winning the Best Structure Award from the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois in 1995.

## History

Construction started in 1988, and Two Prudential Plaza was completed in 1990. At the time of completion, Two Prudential was the world's tallest reinforced concrete building. Its distinctive shape features stacked chevron setbacks on the north and south sides, a pyramidal peak rotated 45°, and an 80-foot (24 m) spire.
The building is attached to One Prudential Plaza (formerly known as the Prudential Building) since 1992. Without its spire, the building's height is still slightly greater than that of One Prudential Plaza's pinnacle.
In May 2006, BentleyForbes, a Los Angeles–based real estate investment firm run by Frederick Wehba and his family, purchased Two Prudential Plaza, along with its sister property, One Prudential Plaza for $470 million (equivalent to $733 million in 2024).
In 2015, BentleyForbes defaulted on the mortgage for the towers due to the Great Recession and New York–based investors 601W Companies and Berkley Properties took control of the property after investing more than $100 million (more than $133 million in 2024) in equity to recapitalize. BentleyForbes continues to have an interest in the owning partnership.

## Tenants

The Consulate General of Canada in Chicago is located in Suite 2400. The Flag of Canada is flown next to that of the United States in the building's Lake Street plaza.
Audacy occupies the ninth to twelfth floors, including WBBM, WBBM-FM, WBMX, WXRT, WUSN, WSCR and WCFS.

## In popular culture

The building and the plaza appear in the 1994 film Richie Rich as Rich Industries Inc.

## Gallery

* Pictured in 2015
* Pictured in 2006
* Building top in 2014
* 2004 with the Smurfit-Stone in foreground
* Aon Center
* Grant Park North
* Three Chicago Towers
* 2006
* From Lake Shore Drive
# Antoni Wróbel

Antoni Wróbel (11 February 1923 – 2 August 1988) was a Polish ice hockey player. He played for Naprzód Janów during his career. He also played for the Polish national team at the 1952 Winter Olympics. Two of his brothers, Adolf and Alfred, also played for Poland at the Olympics; Adolf in 1956, and Alfred in both 1952 and 1956.
# Kotaro Koizumi

Kotaro Koizumi (小泉 孝太郎, Koizumi Kōtarō, born July 10, 1978 in Yokosuka, Kanagawa) is a Japanese actor and the eldest son of the 56th Japanese Prime Minister, Junichiro Koizumi, and Kayoko Miyamoto.
He studied economics at night classes of Nihon University, but dropped out.

## Filmography
### Television

* Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? – won the maximum ten million yen on a celebrity special
* Ninomiya Kotaro (Fuji, July 2024) (co-starring with Kazunari Ninomiya)

### TV dramas

* Nurseman (2002)
* Hatsu Taiken (2002)
* Shiawase No Shippo (2002)
* Kurutta Kajitsu 2002 (2002)
* Home & Away (2002)
* Boku dake no Madonna (2003)
* Korogashi Ogin (2003)
* Igi Ari, Onna Bengoshi Oka Norie (2004)
* Division 1 \"Pink Hip Girl\" (Fuji TV, 2004)
* Yoshitsune (2005) – Taira no Sukemori
* Slow Dance (2005)
* Tokyo Wonder Tours (2005)
* Gachi Baka (2006)
* Attention Please (2006)
* Fushin no Toki (2006)
* Haken no Hinkaku (2007)
* Attention Please SP (2007)
* Hanayome to Papa (2007)
* Otoko no Kosodate (2007)
* Gokusen 3 (2008)
* Yae's Sakura (2013) – Tokugawa Yoshinobu
* Age Harassment (2015)
* Akira and Akira (2017)
* Black Pean (2018) – Takashina Gonta
* The Good Wife (2019)
* The 13 Lords of the Shogun (2022) – Taira no Munemori
* Fixer (2023) – Kōji Itakura
* Black Pean Season 2 (2024) – Takashina Gonta

### Films

* Bayside Shakedown 2 (2003) – Shigeru Koike
* Koshonin Mashita Masayoshi (2005) – Shigeru Koike
* Kamen Rider Hibiki & The Seven Fighting Demons (2005) – Takeshi
* Udon (2006) – Udon shop customers
* Bayside Shakedown 3 (2010) – Shigeru Koike
* Whistleblower (2019) – Shōhei Nagura
* You're Not Normal, Either (2021) – Miyamoto
* The Hound of the Baskervilles: Sherlock the Movie (2022) – Haruto Sutei
* Oshorin (2023)
* Rude to Love (2024) – Mamoru

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Kotaro Koizumi :
# Futamata Station (Hokkaido)

Futamata Station (二股駅, Futamata-eki) is a railway station in Oshamambe, Hokkaidō, Japan operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).

## Lines

Futamata Station is served by the Hakodate Main Line. It is numbered S32.

## Station layout

Futamata Station has a single side platform.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Hakodate Main Line | for Oshamambe, Kutchan, Otaru, and Sapporo |

## Surroundings

* Route 5
* Futamata Radium Onsen
* Niseko Bus "Futamata Station" Bus Stop

## History
### Future plans

In June 2023, this station was selected to be among 42 stations on the JR Hokkaido network to be slated for abolition owing to low ridership.

## Adjacent stations

| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Hakodate Main Line |||||
| Oshamanbe | Oshamanbe | Local | Kuromatsunai | Kuromatsunai |
# Miss Universe 1981

Miss Universe 1981 was the 30th anniversary of the Miss Universe pageant, held on 20 July 1981 at the Minskoff Theatre in New York City, United States. Irene Sáez of Venezuela was crowned by Shawn Weatherly of the United States. There were 77 contestants competing for the crown, but Miss Mauritius got homesick and withdrew. The pageant originally was scheduled to be held in Guatemala City, Guatemala. However, for financial and political reasons, Miss Universe was moved to New York City.

## Results
### Placements

| Placement | Contestant |
| Miss Universe 1981 | Venezuela – Irene Sáez |
| 1st runner-up | Canada – Dominique Dufour |
| 2nd runner-up | Sweden – Eva-Lena Lundgren |
| 3rd runner-up | Brazil – Adriana Alves de Oliveira |
| 4th runner-up | Belgium – Dominique van Eeckhoudt |
| Top 12 | Ecuador – Lucía Vinueza  West Germany – Marion Kurz  Holland – Ingrid Schouten  New Zealand – Donella Thomsen  Norway – Mona Olsen  Tahiti – Tatiana Teraiamano  United States – Kim Seelbrede |

### Awards

| Special Awards | Winners |
| Miss Amity | Bahamas - Linda Smith |
| Miss Photogenic | Denmark - Tina Brandstrup |
| Best National Costume | Brazil - Adriana Alves de Oliveira |

## Judges

Source:
* Sammy Cahn
* Chang Kang Jae
* Pelé
* Julio Iglesias
* Itzik Kol
* Lee Majors
* Mary McFadden
* David Merrick
* Anna Moffo
* LeRoy Neiman
* Lorin Netherlandser
* Francesco Scavullo
* Corinna Tsopei - Miss Universe 1964 from Greece

## Withdrawals

* Mauritius - Carole Fitzgerald was homesick and then withdrew.
# UFC 317

UFC 317 is an upcoming mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that will take place on June 28, 2025, at T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Valley, United States.

## Background

The event will be held during the UFC's annual International Fight Week. The 2025 UFC Hall of Fame induction ceremony is also expected to take place during the week.
# Chełmiec, Lublin Voivodeship

Chełmiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kraśniczyn, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Kraśniczyn, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Krasnystaw, and 63 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
# Broxa

In Jewish folklore, Broxa is a bird that is said to suck the milk of goats and sometimes human blood during the night.
In medieval Portugal, the Broxa was considered to be a shape shifting entity-as a witch in female form and in male form, a demon. It has been speculated that this creature was derived from the Jewish mythical creature.