# Sang Sapurba

Sri Maharaja Sang Sapurba Paduka Sri Trimurti Tri Buana, (1245–1316) also known as Sri Nila Pahlawan, is a figure in the Malay Annals and Tambo Minangkabau highly revered as the legendary great ancestor of some of the major dynasties of the Malay world: Singapura, Malacca, Pahang, Johor, Perak, Kelantan, Terengganu and Siak Sri Indrapura. Legend has it that after his accession to Seguntang Hill with his two younger brothers, Sang Sapurba enters into a sacred covenant with Demang Lebar Daun the native ruler of Palembang, which laid the basis of the proper relationship between the Malay rulers and the subjects. The legendary sword believed to be carried by the king, the Cura Si Manjakini, is now formed part of the regalia of Perak Sultanate, whose rulers are said directly descended from the king. The details of Sang Sapurba stories are mainly composed of folklore and legends, and thus his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. Even so, as De Jong argued in her article The Character of Malay Annals, the stories of the Malay Annals could have been realistically mixed with the historical figures and events.

## Legend

Tradition in the Malay Annals hold that the founder of the major line of rulers in the Malay world was a prince named Sang Sapurba who alleged to be the descendant of Dhul-Qarnayn. Sang Sapurba, then known as Sri Nila Pahlawan first revealed himself with his younger brothers, Sri Krishna Pandita and Sri Nila Utama, upon the sacred hill of Seguntang in the hinterland of Palembang. The name of the princes varied in different versions of the Malay Annals. In Winstedt's version, they are known as Bichitram, Paladutani dan Nilatanam, while in Abdullah's version, they are Bichitram Syah, Nila Pahlawan dan Kama Pandita. Two young women who dwelt upon the hill, Wan Empuk and Wan Malini, are said to have seen a great light shining through the darkness of night. On ascending the hill in the morning they found that their rice crops had transformed the grain into gold, the leaves into silver, the stalks into golden brass. Proceeding further, they came across three young men, the eldest of whom was mounted on a silver white bull and was dressed as a king, while the two younger, his brothers, bore a sword, a lance and a signet that indicated sovereign power. The two women were greatly astonished at the refined appearance and elegant apparel of the young men, and thought that they must be the cause of the phenomenon which had appeared in their rice grounds. The curious young women immediately inquired who they were, where they came from and whether they were spirits or fairies. The eldest prince replied that they were neither spirits nor fairies, but that of men and they are princes from the line of the Great Alexander seeking his inheritance on earth. Then, Wan Empuk and Wan Malini asked what proofs they could produce of the truth of this relation, Nila Pahlawan said that let the crown he is wearing serves an evidence of descent and if any farther proof wanting, consider the phenomenon which the women have seen on their rice grounds. Then out of the mouth of the bull there issued a sweet-voiced herald, who at once proclaimed in Sanskrit language, the eldest prince to be a king bearing the title of 'Sang Sapurba Trimurti Tri Buana'.
In Tambo Minangkabau, the arrival of Sang Sapurba with his assistant Cati Bilang Pandai, is accompanied by four people who are represented by the Harimau Campo, Kucing Siamese, Kambing Hutan and Anjing Mu'alim. These names may also indicate the regional origin of the attendants. On arrival in Minangkabau, the local ruler, Datuk Suri Dirajo, married Sang Sapurba to his younger sister Indo Jalito. The Sapurba was crowned king with the title Maharajadiraja, after defeating Sikati Muno, an evil person who came from across the sea. Even though Sapurba was crowned king, he was only a symbol. The one who holds the reins of government power in Minangkabau remains Datuk Suri Dirajo. The Sapurba then built the government center in Lagundi Nan Baselo which refers to the Pariangan (Parhyangan) area.

## The Covenant

The newly installed sovereign afterwards descended from the hill of Seguntang into the great plain watered by the Palembang river, where he married Wan Sendari, the daughter of the local chief, Demang Lebar Daun, and was everywhere accepted as ruler of the land. Prior to his marriage, Sang Sapurba made the famous pact with Demang Lebar Daun, who abdicated in favour of him:
   Demang Lebar Daun said, "Your Highness, the descendants of your humble servant shall be the subjects of your Majesty's throne, but they must be well treated by your descendants. If they offend, they shall not, however grave be their offence, be disgraced or reviled with evil words: if their offence is grave, let them be put to death, if that is in accordance with the dvine law. And the king replied, "I agree to give the undertaking for which you ask: but I in my turn require an undertaking from you, sir. " And when Demang Lebar Daun asked what the undertaking was, the king answered, "that your descendants shall never for rest of time be disloyal to my descendants, even if my descendants oppress them and behave evilly. " And Demang Lebar Daun said, "Very well, your Highness. But if your descendants depart from the terms of the pact, then so will mine. " And Sang Sapurba replied, "Very well, I agree to that covenant."
At a later date Sang Sapurba is said to have crossed the great central range of Sumatra into the Minangkabau Highlands, where one of his warriors, Permasku Mambang, slew the great serpent Saktimuna using his legendary sword, Cura Si Manjakini, and was made the king of a grateful people and the founder of the long line of Princes of Minangkabau.

## Royal dynasties

A. Samad Ahmad's version of the Malay Annals identified Sri Tri Buana who reigned in Palembang and the founder of ancient Singapura as the youngest brother of Sang Sapurba, Sri Nila Utama. In A. Samad Ahmad's version, Sang Sapurba was said to have reigned only in Minangkabau. On the other hand, Shellabear and Leyden's versions noted that Sang Nila Utama who reigned in Bintan and later founded ancient Singapura was the son of Sang Sapurba. The Misa Melayu and Silsilah Perak that contains comprehensive genealogical tree of the Sultans of Perak agreed with Shellabear and Leyden's versions, tracing the lineage of the rulers of Perak directly from Sang Sapurba. If these versions of the Malay Annals and the Perak text are to be taken into account, the line of rulers descended from Sang Sapurba should have begun with Sang Nila Utama who founded the Kingdom of Singapura in 1299. Four generations of rulers reigned over the island kingdom before the last ruler, known in certain accounts as Parameswara, fled after a Majapahit invasion in 1398. In 1400, Parameswara reached the mouth of Bertam River in the Malay Peninsula, where he established Melaka Sultanate. During the reign of Mansur Shah of Melaka (r. 1459–1477), an heir apparent named Raja Muhammad whose mother was a captured princess of Pahang, was banished for committing murder and went into exile. He was then proclaimed and installed as Sultan of Pahang in 1470. The Portuguese invasion of Melaka in 1511 caused a major split of the royal house when Muzaffar Shah the son of Mahmud Shah of Melaka (r.1488–1511) was invited by the people of Perak to rule the state. Another son, Alauddin Riayat Shah II established the Johor Sultanate to succeed Melaka in 1528.
In 1636, the Achehnese installed a prince from Siak to the throne of Perak following the demise of Sultan Salehuddin Shah (r.1630–1635) in exile in Aceh. The new Sultan who reigned as Muzaffar Shah II (r. 1636–1654) also claimed descent from a branch of Sang Sapurba dynasty in Siak. He married Fatima Puteh the elder daughter of Raja Muda of Pahang, Raja 'Abdu'llah by his wife, Putri Perak, who in turn was the granddaughter of Sultan Mansur Shah I of Perak (r. 1549–1577). Earlier in 1623, Pahang was united with the crown of Johor and the rulers from Melaka dynasty continued to reign in the state until 1688, when the Bendahara of Johor effectively consolidated the state as his personal fief.
The royal line of Sang Sapurba was finally ended in Johor when Mahmud Shah II of Johor (r. 1685–1699) was assassinated by Megat Seri Rama, popularly known as Laksamana Bintan, leaving behind no male heir. As a result, Bendahara Abdul Jalil declared himself the next Sultan of Johor. Upon ascending the throne, the new Sultan Abdul Jalil IV killed all the wives of Sultan Mahmud to avoid the possibility of any future claims to the throne. However, according to the Hikayat Negeri Johor (Chronicles of the State of Johor) and the Pahang Manuscripts, a wife by the name of Cik Apung the daughter of Laksamana managed to escape to Minangkabau and gave birth to Raja Kechil. Less than two decades later in 1717, Raja Kechil would assemble a fleet from Minangkabau and succeed temporarily in ousting Sultan Abdul Jalil's successor Sultan Sulaiman and gain the Johor Sultanate, basing his legitimacy on the claim that he was the post-humous son of Sultan Mahmud Shah II. However, Bugis mercenaries that assisted him in this campaign changed sides and he was eventually forced to flee to Siak, where he founded Siak Sultanate.
Family Tree of Sang Sapurba :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sang Sapurba | Sang Sapurba | Sang Sapurba | Sang Sapurba | Sang Sapurba | Sang Sapurba | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | Kingdom of Singapura | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sri Tri Buana Singapura $^{(1)}$ r. 1299-1347 | Sri Tri Buana Singapura $^{(1)}$ r. 1299-1347 | Sri Tri Buana Singapura $^{(1)}$ r. 1299-1347 | Sri Tri Buana Singapura $^{(1)}$ r. 1299-1347 | Sri Tri Buana Singapura $^{(1)}$ r. 1299-1347 | Sri Tri Buana Singapura $^{(1)}$ r. 1299-1347 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sri Wikrama Wira Singapura $^{(2)}$ r. 1347-1362 | Sri Wikrama Wira Singapura $^{(2)}$ r. 1347-1362 | Sri Wikrama Wira Singapura $^{(2)}$ r. 1347-1362 | Sri Wikrama Wira Singapura $^{(2)}$ r. 1347-1362 | Sri Wikrama Wira Singapura $^{(2)}$ r. 1347-1362 | Sri Wikrama Wira Singapura $^{(2)}$ r. 1347-1362 | | | Tun Perpatih Pramuka Berjajar Bendahara of Singapura $^{(1)}$ | Tun Perpatih Pramuka Berjajar Bendahara of Singapura $^{(1)}$ | Tun Perpatih Pramuka Berjajar Bendahara of Singapura $^{(1)}$ | Tun Perpatih Pramuka Berjajar Bendahara of Singapura $^{(1)}$ | Tun Perpatih Pramuka Berjajar Bendahara of Singapura $^{(1)}$ | Tun Perpatih Pramuka Berjajar Bendahara of Singapura $^{(1)}$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sri Rana Wikrama Singapura $^{(3)}$ r. 1362-1375 | Sri Rana Wikrama Singapura $^{(3)}$ r. 1362-1375 | Sri Rana Wikrama Singapura $^{(3)}$ r. 1362-1375 | Sri Rana Wikrama Singapura $^{(3)}$ r. 1362-1375 | Sri Rana Wikrama Singapura $^{(3)}$ r. 1362-1375 | Sri Rana Wikrama Singapura $^{(3)}$ r. 1362-1375 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sri Maharaja Singapura $^{(4)}$ r. 1375-1389 | Sri Maharaja Singapura $^{(4)}$ r. 1375-1389 | Sri Maharaja Singapura $^{(4)}$ r. 1375-1389 | Sri Maharaja Singapura $^{(4)}$ r. 1375-1389 | Sri Maharaja Singapura $^{(4)}$ r. 1375-1389 | Sri Maharaja Singapura $^{(4)}$ r. 1375-1389 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | Malacca Sultanate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Iskandar Singapura $^{(5)}$ r. 1389-1398 Melaka $^{(1)}$ r. 1402-1414 | Iskandar Singapura $^{(5)}$ r. 1389-1398 Melaka $^{(1)}$ r. 1402-1414 | Iskandar Singapura $^{(5)}$ r. 1389-1398 Melaka $^{(1)}$ r. 1402-1414 | Iskandar Singapura $^{(5)}$ r. 1389-1398 Melaka $^{(1)}$ r. 1402-1414 | Iskandar Singapura $^{(5)}$ r. 1389-1398 Melaka $^{(1)}$ r. 1402-1414 | Iskandar Singapura $^{(5)}$ r. 1389-1398 Melaka $^{(1)}$ r. 1402-1414 | | | Tun Perpatih Besar | Tun Perpatih Besar | Tun Perpatih Besar | Tun Perpatih Besar | Tun Perpatih Besar | Tun Perpatih Besar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Megat Iskandar Melaka $^{(2)}$ r. 1414-1424 | Megat Iskandar Melaka $^{(2)}$ r. 1414-1424 | Megat Iskandar Melaka $^{(2)}$ r. 1414-1424 | Megat Iskandar Melaka $^{(2)}$ r. 1414-1424 | Megat Iskandar Melaka $^{(2)}$ r. 1414-1424 | Megat Iskandar Melaka $^{(2)}$ r. 1414-1424 | | | ♀ Tun Ratna Sendari | ♀ Tun Ratna Sendari | ♀ Tun Ratna Sendari | ♀ Tun Ratna Sendari | ♀ Tun Ratna Sendari | ♀ Tun Ratna Sendari | Mani Purindan | Mani Purindan | Mani Purindan | Mani Purindan | Mani Purindan | Mani Purindan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad Melaka $^{(3)}$ r. 1424-1444 | Muhammad Melaka $^{(3)}$ r. 1424-1444 | Muhammad Melaka $^{(3)}$ r. 1424-1444 | Muhammad Melaka $^{(3)}$ r. 1424-1444 | Muhammad Melaka $^{(3)}$ r. 1424-1444 | Muhammad Melaka $^{(3)}$ r. 1424-1444 | | | ♀ Tun Ratna Wati | ♀ Tun Ratna Wati | ♀ Tun Ratna Wati | ♀ Tun Ratna Wati | ♀ Tun Ratna Wati | ♀ Tun Ratna Wati | | | | | | | | | | | Radin Anum B. S. A. D $^{(2)}$ | Radin Anum B. S. A. D $^{(2)}$ | Radin Anum B. S. A. D $^{(2)}$ | Radin Anum B. S. A. D $^{(2)}$ | Radin Anum B. S. A. D $^{(2)}$ | Radin Anum B. S. A. D $^{(2)}$ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abu Syahid Melaka $^{(4)}$ r. 1444-1446 | Abu Syahid Melaka $^{(4)}$ r. 1444-1446 | Abu Syahid Melaka $^{(4)}$ r. 1444-1446 | Abu Syahid Melaka $^{(4)}$ r. 1444-1446 | Abu Syahid Melaka $^{(4)}$ r. 1444-1446 | Abu Syahid Melaka $^{(4)}$ r. 1444-1446 | | | Muzaffar Melaka $^{(5)}$ r. 1446-1459 | Muzaffar Melaka $^{(5)}$ r. 1446-1459 | Muzaffar Melaka $^{(5)}$ r. 1446-1459 | Muzaffar Melaka $^{(5)}$ r. 1446-1459 | Muzaffar Melaka $^{(5)}$ r. 1446-1459 | Muzaffar Melaka $^{(5)}$ r. 1446-1459 | | | ♀ Raja Tua | ♀ Raja Tua | ♀ Raja Tua | ♀ Raja Tua | ♀ Raja Tua | ♀ Raja Tua | | | | | | | Tun Perpatih Sedang B. S. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1444-1445 | Tun Perpatih Sedang B. S. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1444-1445 | Tun Perpatih Sedang B. S. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1444-1445 | Tun Perpatih Sedang B. S. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1444-1445 | Tun Perpatih Sedang B. S. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1444-1445 | Tun Perpatih Sedang B. S. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1444-1445 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mansur Melaka $^{(6)}$ r. 1459-1477 | Mansur Melaka $^{(6)}$ r. 1459-1477 | Mansur Melaka $^{(6)}$ r. 1459-1477 | Mansur Melaka $^{(6)}$ r. 1459-1477 | Mansur Melaka $^{(6)}$ r. 1459-1477 | Mansur Melaka $^{(6)}$ r. 1459-1477 | | | | | | | Tun Ali B. S. N. D $^{(4)}$ r. 1445-1456 | Tun Ali B. S. N. D $^{(4)}$ r. 1445-1456 | Tun Ali B. S. N. D $^{(4)}$ r. 1445-1456 | Tun Ali B. S. N. D $^{(4)}$ r. 1445-1456 | Tun Ali B. S. N. D $^{(4)}$ r. 1445-1456 | Tun Ali B. S. N. D $^{(4)}$ r. 1445-1456 | | | ♀ Tun Kudu | ♀ Tun Kudu | ♀ Tun Kudu | ♀ Tun Kudu | ♀ Tun Kudu | ♀ Tun Kudu | | | | | | | Tun Perak B. P. R $^{(5)}$ r. 1456-1498 | Tun Perak B. P. R $^{(5)}$ r. 1456-1498 | Tun Perak B. P. R $^{(5)}$ r. 1456-1498 | Tun Perak B. P. R $^{(5)}$ r. 1456-1498 | Tun Perak B. P. R $^{(5)}$ r. 1456-1498 | Tun Perak B. P. R $^{(5)}$ r. 1456-1498 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pahang Sultanate | Pahang Sultanate | Pahang Sultanate | Pahang Sultanate | Pahang Sultanate | Pahang Sultanate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Ahmad I Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1475-1495 | Ahmad I Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1475-1495 | Ahmad I Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1475-1495 | Ahmad I Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1475-1495 | Ahmad I Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1475-1495 | Ahmad I Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1475-1495 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad Pahang $^{(1)}$ r. 1470-1475 | Muhammad Pahang $^{(1)}$ r. 1470-1475 | Muhammad Pahang $^{(1)}$ r. 1470-1475 | Muhammad Pahang $^{(1)}$ r. 1470-1475 | Muhammad Pahang $^{(1)}$ r. 1470-1475 | Muhammad Pahang $^{(1)}$ r. 1470-1475 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alauddin I Melaka $^{(7)}$ r. 1477-1488 | Alauddin I Melaka $^{(7)}$ r. 1477-1488 | Alauddin I Melaka $^{(7)}$ r. 1477-1488 | Alauddin I Melaka $^{(7)}$ r. 1477-1488 | Alauddin I Melaka $^{(7)}$ r. 1477-1488 | Alauddin I Melaka $^{(7)}$ r. 1477-1488 | | | ♀ Tun Senaja | ♀ Tun Senaja | ♀ Tun Senaja | ♀ Tun Senaja | ♀ Tun Senaja | ♀ Tun Senaja | | | Tun Mutahir B. S. M $^{(7)}$ r. 1500-1510 | Tun Mutahir B. S. M $^{(7)}$ r. 1500-1510 | Tun Mutahir B. S. M $^{(7)}$ r. 1500-1510 | Tun Mutahir B. S. M $^{(7)}$ r. 1500-1510 | Tun Mutahir B. S. M $^{(7)}$ r. 1500-1510 | Tun Mutahir B. S. M $^{(7)}$ r. 1500-1510 | | | Tun Tahir | Tun Tahir | Tun Tahir | Tun Tahir | Tun Tahir | Tun Tahir | | | Tun Pikrama B. P. T $^{(8)}$ r. 1510-1511 | Tun Pikrama B. P. T $^{(8)}$ r. 1510-1511 | Tun Pikrama B. P. T $^{(8)}$ r. 1510-1511 | Tun Pikrama B. P. T $^{(8)}$ r. 1510-1511 | Tun Pikrama B. P. T $^{(8)}$ r. 1510-1511 | Tun Pikrama B. P. T $^{(8)}$ r. 1510-1511 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bendahara of Johor | Bendahara of Johor | Bendahara of Johor | Bendahara of Johor | Bendahara of Johor | Bendahara of Johor |
| | | | | | | | | Mansur I Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1495-1519 | Mansur I Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1495-1519 | Mansur I Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1495-1519 | Mansur I Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1495-1519 | Mansur I Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1495-1519 | Mansur I Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1495-1519 | | | ♀ Raja Putri Olah | ♀ Raja Putri Olah | ♀ Raja Putri Olah | ♀ Raja Putri Olah | ♀ Raja Putri Olah | ♀ Raja Putri Olah | | | Mahmud I Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1519-1530 | Mahmud I Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1519-1530 | Mahmud I Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1519-1530 | Mahmud I Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1519-1530 | Mahmud I Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1519-1530 | Mahmud I Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1519-1530 | | | Abdul Jamil Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1495-1512 | Abdul Jamil Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1495-1512 | Abdul Jamil Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1495-1512 | Abdul Jamil Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1495-1512 | Abdul Jamil Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1495-1512 | Abdul Jamil Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1495-1512 | | | | | | | ♀ Raja Wati | ♀ Raja Wati | ♀ Raja Wati | ♀ Raja Wati | ♀ Raja Wati | ♀ Raja Wati | | | Mahmud Melaka $^{(8)}$ r. 1488-1511, 1513-1528 | Mahmud Melaka $^{(8)}$ r. 1488-1511, 1513-1528 | Mahmud Melaka $^{(8)}$ r. 1488-1511, 1513-1528 | Mahmud Melaka $^{(8)}$ r. 1488-1511, 1513-1528 | Mahmud Melaka $^{(8)}$ r. 1488-1511, 1513-1528 | Mahmud Melaka $^{(8)}$ r. 1488-1511, 1513-1528 | | | ♀ Tun Fatimah | ♀ Tun Fatimah | ♀ Tun Fatimah | ♀ Tun Fatimah | ♀ Tun Fatimah | ♀ Tun Fatimah | | | Tun Hassan | Tun Hassan | Tun Hassan | Tun Hassan | Tun Hassan | Tun Hassan | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Khoja Ahmad B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1513-1520 | Tun Khoja Ahmad B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1513-1520 | Tun Khoja Ahmad B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1513-1520 | Tun Khoja Ahmad B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1513-1520 | Tun Khoja Ahmad B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1513-1520 | Tun Khoja Ahmad B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1513-1520 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Perak Sultanate | Perak Sultanate | Perak Sultanate | Perak Sultanate | Perak Sultanate | Perak Sultanate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Johor Sultanate | Johor Sultanate | Johor Sultanate | Johor Sultanate | Johor Sultanate | Johor Sultanate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | | | ♀ Raja Puspa Dewi | ♀ Raja Puspa Dewi | ♀ Raja Puspa Dewi | ♀ Raja Puspa Dewi | ♀ Raja Puspa Dewi | ♀ Raja Puspa Dewi | | | Muzaffar Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 1530-1540 | Muzaffar Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 1530-1540 | Muzaffar Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 1530-1540 | Muzaffar Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 1530-1540 | Muzaffar Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 1530-1540 | Muzaffar Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 1530-1540 | | | Zainal Abidin Pahang $^{(7)}$ r. 1540-1555 | Zainal Abidin Pahang $^{(7)}$ r. 1540-1555 | Zainal Abidin Pahang $^{(7)}$ r. 1540-1555 | Zainal Abidin Pahang $^{(7)}$ r. 1540-1555 | Zainal Abidin Pahang $^{(7)}$ r. 1540-1555 | Zainal Abidin Pahang $^{(7)}$ r. 1540-1555 | | | Muzaffar I Perak $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1549 | Muzaffar I Perak $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1549 | Muzaffar I Perak $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1549 | Muzaffar I Perak $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1549 | Muzaffar I Perak $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1549 | Muzaffar I Perak $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1549 | | | | | | | | | | | Ahmad Melaka $^{(9)}$ r. 1511-1513 | Ahmad Melaka $^{(9)}$ r. 1511-1513 | Ahmad Melaka $^{(9)}$ r. 1511-1513 | Ahmad Melaka $^{(9)}$ r. 1511-1513 | Ahmad Melaka $^{(9)}$ r. 1511-1513 | Ahmad Melaka $^{(9)}$ r. 1511-1513 | | | Alauddin II Johor $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1564 | Alauddin II Johor $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1564 | Alauddin II Johor $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1564 | Alauddin II Johor $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1564 | Alauddin II Johor $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1564 | Alauddin II Johor $^{(1)}$ r. 1528-1564 | | | | | | | Tun Mad Ali | Tun Mad Ali | Tun Mad Ali | Tun Mad Ali | Tun Mad Ali | Tun Mad Ali | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Isap Berakah B. P. T $^{(2)}$ r. 1520-? | Tun Isap Berakah B. P. T $^{(2)}$ r. 1520-? | Tun Isap Berakah B. P. T $^{(2)}$ r. 1520-? | Tun Isap Berakah B. P. T $^{(2)}$ r. 1520-? | Tun Isap Berakah B. P. T $^{(2)}$ r. 1520-? | Tun Isap Berakah B. P. T $^{(2)}$ r. 1520-? |
| | | | | | | | | Mansur II Pahang $^{(8)}$ r. 1555-1560 | Mansur II Pahang $^{(8)}$ r. 1555-1560 | Mansur II Pahang $^{(8)}$ r. 1555-1560 | Mansur II Pahang $^{(8)}$ r. 1555-1560 | Mansur II Pahang $^{(8)}$ r. 1555-1560 | Mansur II Pahang $^{(8)}$ r. 1555-1560 | | | Abdul Jamal Pahang $^{(9)}$ r. 1560-1575 | Abdul Jamal Pahang $^{(9)}$ r. 1560-1575 | Abdul Jamal Pahang $^{(9)}$ r. 1560-1575 | Abdul Jamal Pahang $^{(9)}$ r. 1560-1575 | Abdul Jamal Pahang $^{(9)}$ r. 1560-1575 | Abdul Jamal Pahang $^{(9)}$ r. 1560-1575 | | | Abdul Kadir Pahang $^{(10)}$ r. 1560-1590 | Abdul Kadir Pahang $^{(10)}$ r. 1560-1590 | Abdul Kadir Pahang $^{(10)}$ r. 1560-1590 | Abdul Kadir Pahang $^{(10)}$ r. 1560-1590 | Abdul Kadir Pahang $^{(10)}$ r. 1560-1590 | Abdul Kadir Pahang $^{(10)}$ r. 1560-1590 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Jalil II Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1571-1597 | Abdul Jalil II Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1571-1597 | Abdul Jalil II Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1571-1597 | Abdul Jalil II Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1571-1597 | Abdul Jalil II Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1571-1597 | Abdul Jalil II Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1571-1597 | | | ♀ Raja Fatimah | ♀ Raja Fatimah | ♀ Raja Fatimah | ♀ Raja Fatimah | ♀ Raja Fatimah | ♀ Raja Fatimah | | | Muzaffar II Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1564-1570 | Muzaffar II Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1564-1570 | Muzaffar II Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1564-1570 | Muzaffar II Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1564-1570 | Muzaffar II Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1564-1570 | Muzaffar II Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1564-1570 | | | Tun Jenal | Tun Jenal | Tun Jenal | Tun Jenal | Tun Jenal | Tun Jenal | | | Tun Mahmud B. T. N. W $^{(3)}$ | Tun Mahmud B. T. N. W $^{(3)}$ | Tun Mahmud B. T. N. W $^{(3)}$ | Tun Mahmud B. T. N. W $^{(3)}$ | Tun Mahmud B. T. N. W $^{(3)}$ | Tun Mahmud B. T. N. W $^{(3)}$ | | | ♀ Daughter | ♀ Daughter | ♀ Daughter | ♀ Daughter | ♀ Daughter | ♀ Daughter |
| Raja Asif | Raja Asif | Raja Asif | Raja Asif | Raja Asif | Raja Asif | | | ♀ Raja Putih | ♀ Raja Putih | ♀ Raja Putih | ♀ Raja Putih | ♀ Raja Putih | ♀ Raja Putih | | | Abdul Ghafur Pahang $^{(12)}$ r. 1592-1614 | Abdul Ghafur Pahang $^{(12)}$ r. 1592-1614 | Abdul Ghafur Pahang $^{(12)}$ r. 1592-1614 | Abdul Ghafur Pahang $^{(12)}$ r. 1592-1614 | Abdul Ghafur Pahang $^{(12)}$ r. 1592-1614 | Abdul Ghafur Pahang $^{(12)}$ r. 1592-1614 | | | Ahmad II Pahang $^{(11)}$ r. 1590-1592 | Ahmad II Pahang $^{(11)}$ r. 1590-1592 | Ahmad II Pahang $^{(11)}$ r. 1590-1592 | Ahmad II Pahang $^{(11)}$ r. 1590-1592 | Ahmad II Pahang $^{(11)}$ r. 1590-1592 | Ahmad II Pahang $^{(11)}$ r. 1590-1592 | | | Mansur I Perak $^{(2)}$ r. 1549-1577 | Mansur I Perak $^{(2)}$ r. 1549-1577 | Mansur I Perak $^{(2)}$ r. 1549-1577 | Mansur I Perak $^{(2)}$ r. 1549-1577 | Mansur I Perak $^{(2)}$ r. 1549-1577 | Mansur I Perak $^{(2)}$ r. 1549-1577 | | | | | | | Alauddin III Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 1597-1615 | Alauddin III Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 1597-1615 | Alauddin III Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 1597-1615 | Alauddin III Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 1597-1615 | Alauddin III Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 1597-1615 | Alauddin III Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 1597-1615 | | | Abdul Jalil I Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1570-1571 | Abdul Jalil I Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1570-1571 | Abdul Jalil I Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1570-1571 | Abdul Jalil I Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1570-1571 | Abdul Jalil I Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1570-1571 | Abdul Jalil I Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1570-1571 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Isap Misai B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. ?-1571 | Tun Isap Misai B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. ?-1571 | Tun Isap Misai B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. ?-1571 | Tun Isap Misai B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. ?-1571 | Tun Isap Misai B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. ?-1571 | Tun Isap Misai B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. ?-1571 | | | | |
| Raja Mahmud | Raja Mahmud | Raja Mahmud | Raja Mahmud | Raja Mahmud | Raja Mahmud | | | Raja Abdullah | Raja Abdullah | Raja Abdullah | Raja Abdullah | Raja Abdullah | Raja Abdullah | | | Alauddin Pahang $^{(13)}$ r. 1614-1615 | Alauddin Pahang $^{(13)}$ r. 1614-1615 | Alauddin Pahang $^{(13)}$ r. 1614-1615 | Alauddin Pahang $^{(13)}$ r. 1614-1615 | Alauddin Pahang $^{(13)}$ r. 1614-1615 | Alauddin Pahang $^{(13)}$ r. 1614-1615 | | | | | | | Tajul Ariffin Perak $^{(4)}$ r. 1584-1594 | Tajul Ariffin Perak $^{(4)}$ r. 1584-1594 | Tajul Ariffin Perak $^{(4)}$ r. 1584-1594 | Tajul Ariffin Perak $^{(4)}$ r. 1584-1594 | Tajul Ariffin Perak $^{(4)}$ r. 1584-1594 | Tajul Ariffin Perak $^{(4)}$ r. 1584-1594 | | | Mukaddam Perak $^{(6)}$ r. 1603-1619 | Mukaddam Perak $^{(6)}$ r. 1603-1619 | Mukaddam Perak $^{(6)}$ r. 1603-1619 | Mukaddam Perak $^{(6)}$ r. 1603-1619 | Mukaddam Perak $^{(6)}$ r. 1603-1619 | Mukaddam Perak $^{(6)}$ r. 1603-1619 | | | Abdul Jalil III Johor $^{(7)}$ r. 1623-1677 | Abdul Jalil III Johor $^{(7)}$ r. 1623-1677 | Abdul Jalil III Johor $^{(7)}$ r. 1623-1677 | Abdul Jalil III Johor $^{(7)}$ r. 1623-1677 | Abdul Jalil III Johor $^{(7)}$ r. 1623-1677 | Abdul Jalil III Johor $^{(7)}$ r. 1623-1677 | | | ♀ Raja Putri Kamarliah | ♀ Raja Putri Kamarliah | ♀ Raja Putri Kamarliah | ♀ Raja Putri Kamarliah | ♀ Raja Putri Kamarliah | ♀ Raja Putri Kamarliah | | | Abdullah Johor $^{(6)}$ r. 1615-1623 | Abdullah Johor $^{(6)}$ r. 1615-1623 | Abdullah Johor $^{(6)}$ r. 1615-1623 | Abdullah Johor $^{(6)}$ r. 1615-1623 | Abdullah Johor $^{(6)}$ r. 1615-1623 | Abdullah Johor $^{(6)}$ r. 1615-1623 | | | | | | | ♀ Tun Genggang | ♀ Tun Genggang | ♀ Tun Genggang | ♀ Tun Genggang | ♀ Tun Genggang | ♀ Tun Genggang | | | Tun Ahmad B. P. R $^{(6)}$ r. 1571-1586 | Tun Ahmad B. P. R $^{(6)}$ r. 1571-1586 | Tun Ahmad B. P. R $^{(6)}$ r. 1571-1586 | Tun Ahmad B. P. R $^{(6)}$ r. 1571-1586 | Tun Ahmad B. P. R $^{(6)}$ r. 1571-1586 | Tun Ahmad B. P. R $^{(6)}$ r. 1571-1586 | | | | |
| Muzaffar II Perak $^{(10)}$ r. 1636-1653 | Muzaffar II Perak $^{(10)}$ r. 1636-1653 | Muzaffar II Perak $^{(10)}$ r. 1636-1653 | Muzaffar II Perak $^{(10)}$ r. 1636-1653 | Muzaffar II Perak $^{(10)}$ r. 1636-1653 | Muzaffar II Perak $^{(10)}$ r. 1636-1653 | | | ♀ Raja Putri Fatima Putih | ♀ Raja Putri Fatima Putih | ♀ Raja Putri Fatima Putih | ♀ Raja Putri Fatima Putih | ♀ Raja Putri Fatima Putih | ♀ Raja Putri Fatima Putih | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ahmad Tajuddin Perak $^{(3)}$ r. 1577-1584 | Ahmad Tajuddin Perak $^{(3)}$ r. 1577-1584 | Ahmad Tajuddin Perak $^{(3)}$ r. 1577-1584 | Ahmad Tajuddin Perak $^{(3)}$ r. 1577-1584 | Ahmad Tajuddin Perak $^{(3)}$ r. 1577-1584 | Ahmad Tajuddin Perak $^{(3)}$ r. 1577-1584 | | | Mahmud I Perak $^{(8)}$ r. 1627-1630 | Mahmud I Perak $^{(8)}$ r. 1627-1630 | Mahmud I Perak $^{(8)}$ r. 1627-1630 | Mahmud I Perak $^{(8)}$ r. 1627-1630 | Mahmud I Perak $^{(8)}$ r. 1627-1630 | Mahmud I Perak $^{(8)}$ r. 1627-1630 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Raja Bajau Yamtuan Muda of Pahang r. 1641-1676 | Raja Bajau Yamtuan Muda of Pahang r. 1641-1676 | Raja Bajau Yamtuan Muda of Pahang r. 1641-1676 | Raja Bajau Yamtuan Muda of Pahang r. 1641-1676 | Raja Bajau Yamtuan Muda of Pahang r. 1641-1676 | Raja Bajau Yamtuan Muda of Pahang r. 1641-1676 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Sri Lanang B. P. R $^{(7)}$ r. 1586-1615 | Tun Sri Lanang B. P. R $^{(7)}$ r. 1586-1615 | Tun Sri Lanang B. P. R $^{(7)}$ r. 1586-1615 | Tun Sri Lanang B. P. R $^{(7)}$ r. 1586-1615 | Tun Sri Lanang B. P. R $^{(7)}$ r. 1586-1615 | Tun Sri Lanang B. P. R $^{(7)}$ r. 1586-1615 | | | | | | | | |
| Mahmud Iskandar Perak $^{(11)}$ r. 1653-1720 | Mahmud Iskandar Perak $^{(11)}$ r. 1653-1720 | Mahmud Iskandar Perak $^{(11)}$ r. 1653-1720 | Mahmud Iskandar Perak $^{(11)}$ r. 1653-1720 | Mahmud Iskandar Perak $^{(11)}$ r. 1653-1720 | Mahmud Iskandar Perak $^{(11)}$ r. 1653-1720 | | | Raja Mansur | Raja Mansur | Raja Mansur | Raja Mansur | Raja Mansur | Raja Mansur | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Raja Inu | Raja Inu | Raja Inu | Raja Inu | Raja Inu | Raja Inu | | | Salehuddin Perak $^{(9)}$ r. 1630-1636 | Salehuddin Perak $^{(9)}$ r. 1630-1636 | Salehuddin Perak $^{(9)}$ r. 1630-1636 | Salehuddin Perak $^{(9)}$ r. 1630-1636 | Salehuddin Perak $^{(9)}$ r. 1630-1636 | Salehuddin Perak $^{(9)}$ r. 1630-1636 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ibrahim Johor $^{(8)}$ r. 1677-1685 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(8)}$ r. 1677-1685 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(8)}$ r. 1677-1685 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(8)}$ r. 1677-1685 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(8)}$ r. 1677-1685 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(8)}$ r. 1677-1685 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Mad Ali B. P. R $^{(10)}$ r. 1642-? | Tun Mad Ali B. P. R $^{(10)}$ r. 1642-? | Tun Mad Ali B. P. R $^{(10)}$ r. 1642-? | Tun Mad Ali B. P. R $^{(10)}$ r. 1642-? | Tun Mad Ali B. P. R $^{(10)}$ r. 1642-? | Tun Mad Ali B. P. R $^{(10)}$ r. 1642-? | | | | | | | | |
| Alauddin Perak $^{(12)}$ r. 1720-1728 | Alauddin Perak $^{(12)}$ r. 1720-1728 | Alauddin Perak $^{(12)}$ r. 1720-1728 | Alauddin Perak $^{(12)}$ r. 1720-1728 | Alauddin Perak $^{(12)}$ r. 1720-1728 | Alauddin Perak $^{(12)}$ r. 1720-1728 | | | Muzaffar III Perak $^{(13)}$ r. 1728-1754 | Muzaffar III Perak $^{(13)}$ r. 1728-1754 | Muzaffar III Perak $^{(13)}$ r. 1728-1754 | Muzaffar III Perak $^{(13)}$ r. 1728-1754 | Muzaffar III Perak $^{(13)}$ r. 1728-1754 | Muzaffar III Perak $^{(13)}$ r. 1728-1754 | | | Muhammad Perak $^{(14)}$ r. 1744-1750 | Muhammad Perak $^{(14)}$ r. 1744-1750 | Muhammad Perak $^{(14)}$ r. 1744-1750 | Muhammad Perak $^{(14)}$ r. 1744-1750 | Muhammad Perak $^{(14)}$ r. 1744-1750 | Muhammad Perak $^{(14)}$ r. 1744-1750 | | | | | | | Alauddin Perak $^{(5)}$ r. 1594-1603 | Alauddin Perak $^{(5)}$ r. 1594-1603 | Alauddin Perak $^{(5)}$ r. 1594-1603 | Alauddin Perak $^{(5)}$ r. 1594-1603 | Alauddin Perak $^{(5)}$ r. 1594-1603 | Alauddin Perak $^{(5)}$ r. 1594-1603 | | | Mansur II Perak $^{(7)}$ r. 1619-1627 | Mansur II Perak $^{(7)}$ r. 1619-1627 | Mansur II Perak $^{(7)}$ r. 1619-1627 | Mansur II Perak $^{(7)}$ r. 1619-1627 | Mansur II Perak $^{(7)}$ r. 1619-1627 | Mansur II Perak $^{(7)}$ r. 1619-1627 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mahmud II Johor $^{(9)}$ r. 1685-1699 | Mahmud II Johor $^{(9)}$ r. 1685-1699 | Mahmud II Johor $^{(9)}$ r. 1685-1699 | Mahmud II Johor $^{(9)}$ r. 1685-1699 | Mahmud II Johor $^{(9)}$ r. 1685-1699 | Mahmud II Johor $^{(9)}$ r. 1685-1699 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Habib Abdul Majid B. S. M $^{(12)}$ r. 1677-1697 | Tun Habib Abdul Majid B. S. M $^{(12)}$ r. 1677-1697 | Tun Habib Abdul Majid B. S. M $^{(12)}$ r. 1677-1697 | Tun Habib Abdul Majid B. S. M $^{(12)}$ r. 1677-1697 | Tun Habib Abdul Majid B. S. M $^{(12)}$ r. 1677-1697 | Tun Habib Abdul Majid B. S. M $^{(12)}$ r. 1677-1697 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura | Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura | Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura | Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura | Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura | Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Iskandar Zulkarnain Perak $^{(15)}$ r. 1752-1765 | Iskandar Zulkarnain Perak $^{(15)}$ r. 1752-1765 | Iskandar Zulkarnain Perak $^{(15)}$ r. 1752-1765 | Iskandar Zulkarnain Perak $^{(15)}$ r. 1752-1765 | Iskandar Zulkarnain Perak $^{(15)}$ r. 1752-1765 | Iskandar Zulkarnain Perak $^{(15)}$ r. 1752-1765 | | | Mahmud II Perak $^{(16)}$ r. 1765-1773 | Mahmud II Perak $^{(16)}$ r. 1765-1773 | Mahmud II Perak $^{(16)}$ r. 1765-1773 | Mahmud II Perak $^{(16)}$ r. 1765-1773 | Mahmud II Perak $^{(16)}$ r. 1765-1773 | Mahmud II Perak $^{(16)}$ r. 1765-1773 | | | Alauddin Mansur Perak $^{(17)}$ r. 1773-1786 | Alauddin Mansur Perak $^{(17)}$ r. 1773-1786 | Alauddin Mansur Perak $^{(17)}$ r. 1773-1786 | Alauddin Mansur Perak $^{(17)}$ r. 1773-1786 | Alauddin Mansur Perak $^{(17)}$ r. 1773-1786 | Alauddin Mansur Perak $^{(17)}$ r. 1773-1786 | | | Ahmaddin Perak $^{(18)}$ r. 1786-1806 | Ahmaddin Perak $^{(18)}$ r. 1786-1806 | Ahmaddin Perak $^{(18)}$ r. 1786-1806 | Ahmaddin Perak $^{(18)}$ r. 1786-1806 | Ahmaddin Perak $^{(18)}$ r. 1786-1806 | Ahmaddin Perak $^{(18)}$ r. 1786-1806 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Jalil Johor $^{(11)}$ r. 1718-1722 Siak $^{(1)}$ r. 1722-1746 | Abdul Jalil Johor $^{(11)}$ r. 1718-1722 Siak $^{(1)}$ r. 1722-1746 | Abdul Jalil Johor $^{(11)}$ r. 1718-1722 Siak $^{(1)}$ r. 1722-1746 | Abdul Jalil Johor $^{(11)}$ r. 1718-1722 Siak $^{(1)}$ r. 1722-1746 | Abdul Jalil Johor $^{(11)}$ r. 1718-1722 Siak $^{(1)}$ r. 1722-1746 | Abdul Jalil Johor $^{(11)}$ r. 1718-1722 Siak $^{(1)}$ r. 1722-1746 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Abdul Malik Mansur Perak $^{(19)}$ r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Malik Mansur Perak $^{(19)}$ r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Malik Mansur Perak $^{(19)}$ r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Malik Mansur Perak $^{(19)}$ r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Malik Mansur Perak $^{(19)}$ r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Malik Mansur Perak $^{(19)}$ r. 1806-1825 | | | Raja Inu Muhammad Saleh | Raja Inu Muhammad Saleh | Raja Inu Muhammad Saleh | Raja Inu Muhammad Saleh | Raja Inu Muhammad Saleh | Raja Inu Muhammad Saleh | | | Raja Abdul Rahman | Raja Abdul Rahman | Raja Abdul Rahman | Raja Abdul Rahman | Raja Abdul Rahman | Raja Abdul Rahman | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad Siak $^{(2)}$ r. 1746-1760 | Muhammad Siak $^{(2)}$ r. 1746-1760 | Muhammad Siak $^{(2)}$ r. 1746-1760 | Muhammad Siak $^{(2)}$ r. 1746-1760 | Muhammad Siak $^{(2)}$ r. 1746-1760 | Muhammad Siak $^{(2)}$ r. 1746-1760 | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Jalil Siak $^{(4)}$ r. 1761-1766 | Abdul Jalil Siak $^{(4)}$ r. 1761-1766 | Abdul Jalil Siak $^{(4)}$ r. 1761-1766 | Abdul Jalil Siak $^{(4)}$ r. 1761-1766 | Abdul Jalil Siak $^{(4)}$ r. 1761-1766 | Abdul Jalil Siak $^{(4)}$ r. 1761-1766 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Abdullah Muazzam Perak $^{(20)}$ r. 1825-1830 | Abdullah Muazzam Perak $^{(20)}$ r. 1825-1830 | Abdullah Muazzam Perak $^{(20)}$ r. 1825-1830 | Abdullah Muazzam Perak $^{(20)}$ r. 1825-1830 | Abdullah Muazzam Perak $^{(20)}$ r. 1825-1830 | Abdullah Muazzam Perak $^{(20)}$ r. 1825-1830 | | | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | Raja Ahmad | | | Shahabuddin Perak $^{(21)}$ r. 1830-1851 | Shahabuddin Perak $^{(21)}$ r. 1830-1851 | Shahabuddin Perak $^{(21)}$ r. 1830-1851 | Shahabuddin Perak $^{(21)}$ r. 1830-1851 | Shahabuddin Perak $^{(21)}$ r. 1830-1851 | Shahabuddin Perak $^{(21)}$ r. 1830-1851 | | | Abdullah Muhammad I Perak $^{(22)}$ r. 1851-1857 | Abdullah Muhammad I Perak $^{(22)}$ r. 1851-1857 | Abdullah Muhammad I Perak $^{(22)}$ r. 1851-1857 | Abdullah Muhammad I Perak $^{(22)}$ r. 1851-1857 | Abdullah Muhammad I Perak $^{(22)}$ r. 1851-1857 | Abdullah Muhammad I Perak $^{(22)}$ r. 1851-1857 | | | | | | | | | | | Ismail Siak $^{(3)}$ r. 1760-1766, 1779-1781 | Ismail Siak $^{(3)}$ r. 1760-1766, 1779-1781 | Ismail Siak $^{(3)}$ r. 1760-1766, 1779-1781 | Ismail Siak $^{(3)}$ r. 1760-1766, 1779-1781 | Ismail Siak $^{(3)}$ r. 1760-1766, 1779-1781 | Ismail Siak $^{(3)}$ r. 1760-1766, 1779-1781 | | | Muhammad Ali Siak $^{(5)}$ r. 1766-1779 | Muhammad Ali Siak $^{(5)}$ r. 1766-1779 | Muhammad Ali Siak $^{(5)}$ r. 1766-1779 | Muhammad Ali Siak $^{(5)}$ r. 1766-1779 | Muhammad Ali Siak $^{(5)}$ r. 1766-1779 | Muhammad Ali Siak $^{(5)}$ r. 1766-1779 | | | ♀ Tengku Embung | ♀ Tengku Embung | ♀ Tengku Embung | ♀ Tengku Embung | ♀ Tengku Embung | ♀ Tengku Embung | | | Sayyid Osman | Sayyid Osman | Sayyid Osman | Sayyid Osman | Sayyid Osman | Sayyid Osman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jaafar Perak $^{(23)}$ r. 1857-1865 | Jaafar Perak $^{(23)}$ r. 1857-1865 | Jaafar Perak $^{(23)}$ r. 1857-1865 | Jaafar Perak $^{(23)}$ r. 1857-1865 | Jaafar Perak $^{(23)}$ r. 1857-1865 | Jaafar Perak $^{(23)}$ r. 1857-1865 | | | Raja Alang Iskandar | Raja Alang Iskandar | Raja Alang Iskandar | Raja Alang Iskandar | Raja Alang Iskandar | Raja Alang Iskandar | | | Ali Perak $^{(24)}$ r. 1865-1871 | Ali Perak $^{(24)}$ r. 1865-1871 | Ali Perak $^{(24)}$ r. 1865-1871 | Ali Perak $^{(24)}$ r. 1865-1871 | Ali Perak $^{(24)}$ r. 1865-1871 | Ali Perak $^{(24)}$ r. 1865-1871 | | | Yusuf Perak $^{(27)}$ r. 1886-1887 | Yusuf Perak $^{(27)}$ r. 1886-1887 | Yusuf Perak $^{(27)}$ r. 1886-1887 | Yusuf Perak $^{(27)}$ r. 1886-1887 | Yusuf Perak $^{(27)}$ r. 1886-1887 | Yusuf Perak $^{(27)}$ r. 1886-1887 | | | | | | | | | | | Yahya Siak $^{(6)}$ r. 1781-1791 | Yahya Siak $^{(6)}$ r. 1781-1791 | Yahya Siak $^{(6)}$ r. 1781-1791 | Yahya Siak $^{(6)}$ r. 1781-1791 | Yahya Siak $^{(6)}$ r. 1781-1791 | Yahya Siak $^{(6)}$ r. 1781-1791 | | | Raja Hussein | Raja Hussein | Raja Hussein | Raja Hussein | Raja Hussein | Raja Hussein | | | Ali Siak $^{(7)}$ r. 1791-1811 | Ali Siak $^{(7)}$ r. 1791-1811 | Ali Siak $^{(7)}$ r. 1791-1811 | Ali Siak $^{(7)}$ r. 1791-1811 | Ali Siak $^{(7)}$ r. 1791-1811 | Ali Siak $^{(7)}$ r. 1791-1811 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Raja Musa | Raja Musa | Raja Musa | Raja Musa | Raja Musa | Raja Musa | | | Idris I Perak $^{(28)}$ r. 1887-1916 | Idris I Perak $^{(28)}$ r. 1887-1916 | Idris I Perak $^{(28)}$ r. 1887-1916 | Idris I Perak $^{(28)}$ r. 1887-1916 | Idris I Perak $^{(28)}$ r. 1887-1916 | Idris I Perak $^{(28)}$ r. 1887-1916 | | | Abdullah Muhammad II Perak $^{(26)}$ r. 1874-1877 | Abdullah Muhammad II Perak $^{(26)}$ r. 1874-1877 | Abdullah Muhammad II Perak $^{(26)}$ r. 1874-1877 | Abdullah Muhammad II Perak $^{(26)}$ r. 1874-1877 | Abdullah Muhammad II Perak $^{(26)}$ r. 1874-1877 | Abdullah Muhammad II Perak $^{(26)}$ r. 1874-1877 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ♀ Raja Mandak | ♀ Raja Mandak | ♀ Raja Mandak | ♀ Raja Mandak | ♀ Raja Mandak | ♀ Raja Mandak | | | Raja Syed Hitam | Raja Syed Hitam | Raja Syed Hitam | Raja Syed Hitam | Raja Syed Hitam | Raja Syed Hitam | | | Ibrahim Siak $^{(8)}$ r. 1811-1827 | Ibrahim Siak $^{(8)}$ r. 1811-1827 | Ibrahim Siak $^{(8)}$ r. 1811-1827 | Ibrahim Siak $^{(8)}$ r. 1811-1827 | Ibrahim Siak $^{(8)}$ r. 1811-1827 | Ibrahim Siak $^{(8)}$ r. 1811-1827 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Abdul Aziz Perak $^{(31)}$ r. 1938-1948 | Abdul Aziz Perak $^{(31)}$ r. 1938-1948 | Abdul Aziz Perak $^{(31)}$ r. 1938-1948 | Abdul Aziz Perak $^{(31)}$ r. 1938-1948 | Abdul Aziz Perak $^{(31)}$ r. 1938-1948 | Abdul Aziz Perak $^{(31)}$ r. 1938-1948 | | | Abdul Jalil Perak $^{(29)}$ r. 1916-1918 | Abdul Jalil Perak $^{(29)}$ r. 1916-1918 | Abdul Jalil Perak $^{(29)}$ r. 1916-1918 | Abdul Jalil Perak $^{(29)}$ r. 1916-1918 | Abdul Jalil Perak $^{(29)}$ r. 1916-1918 | Abdul Jalil Perak $^{(29)}$ r. 1916-1918 | | | Iskandar Perak $^{(30)}$ r. 1918-1938 | Iskandar Perak $^{(30)}$ r. 1918-1938 | Iskandar Perak $^{(30)}$ r. 1918-1938 | Iskandar Perak $^{(30)}$ r. 1918-1938 | Iskandar Perak $^{(30)}$ r. 1918-1938 | Iskandar Perak $^{(30)}$ r. 1918-1938 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ismail Perak $^{(25)}$ r. 1871-1874 | Ismail Perak $^{(25)}$ r. 1871-1874 | Ismail Perak $^{(25)}$ r. 1871-1874 | Ismail Perak $^{(25)}$ r. 1871-1874 | Ismail Perak $^{(25)}$ r. 1871-1874 | Ismail Perak $^{(25)}$ r. 1871-1874 | | | | | | | Ismail Siak $^{(9)}$ r. 1827-1864 | Ismail Siak $^{(9)}$ r. 1827-1864 | Ismail Siak $^{(9)}$ r. 1827-1864 | Ismail Siak $^{(9)}$ r. 1827-1864 | Ismail Siak $^{(9)}$ r. 1827-1864 | Ismail Siak $^{(9)}$ r. 1827-1864 | | | Kasim I Siak $^{(10)}$ r. 1864-1889 | Kasim I Siak $^{(10)}$ r. 1864-1889 | Kasim I Siak $^{(10)}$ r. 1864-1889 | Kasim I Siak $^{(10)}$ r. 1864-1889 | Kasim I Siak $^{(10)}$ r. 1864-1889 | Kasim I Siak $^{(10)}$ r. 1864-1889 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Yusuf Perak $^{(32)}$ r. 1948-1963 | Yusuf Perak $^{(32)}$ r. 1948-1963 | Yusuf Perak $^{(32)}$ r. 1948-1963 | Yusuf Perak $^{(32)}$ r. 1948-1963 | Yusuf Perak $^{(32)}$ r. 1948-1963 | Yusuf Perak $^{(32)}$ r. 1948-1963 | | | Idris II Perak $^{(33)}$ r. 1963-1984 | Idris II Perak $^{(33)}$ r. 1963-1984 | Idris II Perak $^{(33)}$ r. 1963-1984 | Idris II Perak $^{(33)}$ r. 1963-1984 | Idris II Perak $^{(33)}$ r. 1963-1984 | Idris II Perak $^{(33)}$ r. 1963-1984 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hasyim Siak $^{(11)}$ r. 1889-1908 | Hasyim Siak $^{(11)}$ r. 1889-1908 | Hasyim Siak $^{(11)}$ r. 1889-1908 | Hasyim Siak $^{(11)}$ r. 1889-1908 | Hasyim Siak $^{(11)}$ r. 1889-1908 | Hasyim Siak $^{(11)}$ r. 1889-1908 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Azlan Perak $^{(34)}$ r. 1984-2014 | Azlan Perak $^{(34)}$ r. 1984-2014 | Azlan Perak $^{(34)}$ r. 1984-2014 | Azlan Perak $^{(34)}$ r. 1984-2014 | Azlan Perak $^{(34)}$ r. 1984-2014 | Azlan Perak $^{(34)}$ r. 1984-2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kasim II Siak $^{(12)}$ r. 1915-1946 | Kasim II Siak $^{(12)}$ r. 1915-1946 | Kasim II Siak $^{(12)}$ r. 1915-1946 | Kasim II Siak $^{(12)}$ r. 1915-1946 | Kasim II Siak $^{(12)}$ r. 1915-1946 | Kasim II Siak $^{(12)}$ r. 1915-1946 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | Terengganu Sultanate | | | | | | | | | Nazrin Perak $^{(35)}$ r. 2014-present | Nazrin Perak $^{(35)}$ r. 2014-present | Nazrin Perak $^{(35)}$ r. 2014-present | Nazrin Perak $^{(35)}$ r. 2014-present | Nazrin Perak $^{(35)}$ r. 2014-present | Nazrin Perak $^{(35)}$ r. 2014-present | | | | | | | | | Abdul Jalil IV Johor $^{(10)}$ r. 1699-1718 | Abdul Jalil IV Johor $^{(10)}$ r. 1699-1718 | Abdul Jalil IV Johor $^{(10)}$ r. 1699-1718 | Abdul Jalil IV Johor $^{(10)}$ r. 1699-1718 | Abdul Jalil IV Johor $^{(10)}$ r. 1699-1718 | Abdul Jalil IV Johor $^{(10)}$ r. 1699-1718 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Zainal Abidin I Terengganu $^{(1)}$ r. 1708-1733 | Zainal Abidin I Terengganu $^{(1)}$ r. 1708-1733 | Zainal Abidin I Terengganu $^{(1)}$ r. 1708-1733 | Zainal Abidin I Terengganu $^{(1)}$ r. 1708-1733 | Zainal Abidin I Terengganu $^{(1)}$ r. 1708-1733 | Zainal Abidin I Terengganu $^{(1)}$ r. 1708-1733 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sulaiman I Johor $^{(12)}$ r. 1722-1760 | Sulaiman I Johor $^{(12)}$ r. 1722-1760 | Sulaiman I Johor $^{(12)}$ r. 1722-1760 | Sulaiman I Johor $^{(12)}$ r. 1722-1760 | Sulaiman I Johor $^{(12)}$ r. 1722-1760 | Sulaiman I Johor $^{(12)}$ r. 1722-1760 | | | Tun Abbas B. S. M r. 1721 | Tun Abbas B. S. M r. 1721 | Tun Abbas B. S. M r. 1721 | Tun Abbas B. S. M r. 1721 | Tun Abbas B. S. M r. 1721 | Tun Abbas B. S. M r. 1721 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mansur I Terengganu $^{(2)}$ r. 1733-1794 | Mansur I Terengganu $^{(2)}$ r. 1733-1794 | Mansur I Terengganu $^{(2)}$ r. 1733-1794 | Mansur I Terengganu $^{(2)}$ r. 1733-1794 | Mansur I Terengganu $^{(2)}$ r. 1733-1794 | Mansur I Terengganu $^{(2)}$ r. 1733-1794 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | Pahang Kingdom | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | Temenggong of Johor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Jalil V Johor $^{(13)}$ r. 1760-1761 | Abdul Jalil V Johor $^{(13)}$ r. 1760-1761 | Abdul Jalil V Johor $^{(13)}$ r. 1760-1761 | Abdul Jalil V Johor $^{(13)}$ r. 1760-1761 | Abdul Jalil V Johor $^{(13)}$ r. 1760-1761 | Abdul Jalil V Johor $^{(13)}$ r. 1760-1761 | Tun Abdul Majid B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1770-1802 | Tun Abdul Majid B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1770-1802 | Tun Abdul Majid B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1770-1802 | Tun Abdul Majid B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1770-1802 | Tun Abdul Majid B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1770-1802 | Tun Abdul Majid B. P. R $^{(1)}$ r. 1770-1802 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Abdul Jamal T. P. R r. 1757-1802 | Tun Abdul Jamal T. P. R r. 1757-1802 | Tun Abdul Jamal T. P. R r. 1757-1802 | Tun Abdul Jamal T. P. R r. 1757-1802 | Tun Abdul Jamal T. P. R r. 1757-1802 | Tun Abdul Jamal T. P. R r. 1757-1802 | | | | | | | | | | | Zainal Abidin II Terengganu $^{(3)}$ r. 1794-1808 | Zainal Abidin II Terengganu $^{(3)}$ r. 1794-1808 | Zainal Abidin II Terengganu $^{(3)}$ r. 1794-1808 | Zainal Abidin II Terengganu $^{(3)}$ r. 1794-1808 | Zainal Abidin II Terengganu $^{(3)}$ r. 1794-1808 | Zainal Abidin II Terengganu $^{(3)}$ r. 1794-1808 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Ahmad Johor $^{(14)}$ r. 1761-1770 | Ahmad Johor $^{(14)}$ r. 1761-1770 | Ahmad Johor $^{(14)}$ r. 1761-1770 | Ahmad Johor $^{(14)}$ r. 1761-1770 | Ahmad Johor $^{(14)}$ r. 1761-1770 | Ahmad Johor $^{(14)}$ r. 1761-1770 | | | Mahmud III Johor $^{(15)}$ r. 1770-1811 | Mahmud III Johor $^{(15)}$ r. 1770-1811 | Mahmud III Johor $^{(15)}$ r. 1770-1811 | Mahmud III Johor $^{(15)}$ r. 1770-1811 | Mahmud III Johor $^{(15)}$ r. 1770-1811 | Mahmud III Johor $^{(15)}$ r. 1770-1811 | | | Tun Muhammad B. S. M $^{(2)}$ r. 1802-1803 | Tun Muhammad B. S. M $^{(2)}$ r. 1802-1803 | Tun Muhammad B. S. M $^{(2)}$ r. 1802-1803 | Tun Muhammad B. S. M $^{(2)}$ r. 1802-1803 | Tun Muhammad B. S. M $^{(2)}$ r. 1802-1803 | Tun Muhammad B. S. M $^{(2)}$ r. 1802-1803 | | | Tun Koris B. P. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1803-1806 | Tun Koris B. P. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1803-1806 | Tun Koris B. P. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1803-1806 | Tun Koris B. P. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1803-1806 | Tun Koris B. P. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1803-1806 | Tun Koris B. P. R $^{(3)}$ r. 1803-1806 | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Abdul Hamid T. P. M r. 1803-1806 | Tun Abdul Hamid T. P. M r. 1803-1806 | Tun Abdul Hamid T. P. M r. 1803-1806 | Tun Abdul Hamid T. P. M r. 1803-1806 | Tun Abdul Hamid T. P. M r. 1803-1806 | Tun Abdul Hamid T. P. M r. 1803-1806 | | | | | | | | | | | Ahmad I Terengganu $^{(4)}$ r. 1808-1830 | Ahmad I Terengganu $^{(4)}$ r. 1808-1830 | Ahmad I Terengganu $^{(4)}$ r. 1808-1830 | Ahmad I Terengganu $^{(4)}$ r. 1808-1830 | Ahmad I Terengganu $^{(4)}$ r. 1808-1830 | Ahmad I Terengganu $^{(4)}$ r. 1808-1830 | | | Abdul Rahman Terengganu $^{(5)}$ r. 1830-1831 | Abdul Rahman Terengganu $^{(5)}$ r. 1830-1831 | Abdul Rahman Terengganu $^{(5)}$ r. 1830-1831 | Abdul Rahman Terengganu $^{(5)}$ r. 1830-1831 | Abdul Rahman Terengganu $^{(5)}$ r. 1830-1831 | Abdul Rahman Terengganu $^{(5)}$ r. 1830-1831 | | | Mansur II Terengganu $^{(7)}$ r. 1831-1836 | Mansur II Terengganu $^{(7)}$ r. 1831-1836 | Mansur II Terengganu $^{(7)}$ r. 1831-1836 | Mansur II Terengganu $^{(7)}$ r. 1831-1836 | Mansur II Terengganu $^{(7)}$ r. 1831-1836 | Mansur II Terengganu $^{(7)}$ r. 1831-1836 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Riau-Lingga Sultanate | Riau-Lingga Sultanate | Riau-Lingga Sultanate | Riau-Lingga Sultanate | Riau-Lingga Sultanate | Riau-Lingga Sultanate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Hussein Johor $^{(17)}$ r. 1819-1835 | Hussein Johor $^{(17)}$ r. 1819-1835 | Hussein Johor $^{(17)}$ r. 1819-1835 | Hussein Johor $^{(17)}$ r. 1819-1835 | Hussein Johor $^{(17)}$ r. 1819-1835 | Hussein Johor $^{(17)}$ r. 1819-1835 | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Rahman I Johor $^{(16)}$ r. 1811-1819 Riau $^{(1)}$ r. 1818-1832 | Abdul Rahman I Johor $^{(16)}$ r. 1811-1819 Riau $^{(1)}$ r. 1818-1832 | Abdul Rahman I Johor $^{(16)}$ r. 1811-1819 Riau $^{(1)}$ r. 1818-1832 | Abdul Rahman I Johor $^{(16)}$ r. 1811-1819 Riau $^{(1)}$ r. 1818-1832 | Abdul Rahman I Johor $^{(16)}$ r. 1811-1819 Riau $^{(1)}$ r. 1818-1832 | Abdul Rahman I Johor $^{(16)}$ r. 1811-1819 Riau $^{(1)}$ r. 1818-1832 | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Ali B. S. M $^{(4)}$ r. 1806-1857 | Tun Ali B. S. M $^{(4)}$ r. 1806-1857 | Tun Ali B. S. M $^{(4)}$ r. 1806-1857 | Tun Ali B. S. M $^{(4)}$ r. 1806-1857 | Tun Ali B. S. M $^{(4)}$ r. 1806-1857 | Tun Ali B. S. M $^{(4)}$ r. 1806-1857 | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Rahman T. S. M r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Rahman T. S. M r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Rahman T. S. M r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Rahman T. S. M r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Rahman T. S. M r. 1806-1825 | Abdul Rahman T. S. M r. 1806-1825 | | | Daud Terengganu $^{(6)}$ r. 1831 | Daud Terengganu $^{(6)}$ r. 1831 | Daud Terengganu $^{(6)}$ r. 1831 | Daud Terengganu $^{(6)}$ r. 1831 | Daud Terengganu $^{(6)}$ r. 1831 | Daud Terengganu $^{(6)}$ r. 1831 | | | Omar Terengganu $^{(8)}$ r. 1831, 1839-1876 | Omar Terengganu $^{(8)}$ r. 1831, 1839-1876 | Omar Terengganu $^{(8)}$ r. 1831, 1839-1876 | Omar Terengganu $^{(8)}$ r. 1831, 1839-1876 | Omar Terengganu $^{(8)}$ r. 1831, 1839-1876 | Omar Terengganu $^{(8)}$ r. 1831, 1839-1876 | | | Tengku Mahmud | Tengku Mahmud | Tengku Mahmud | Tengku Mahmud | Tengku Mahmud | Tengku Mahmud | | | Muhammad I Terengganu $^{(9)}$ r. 1836-1839 | Muhammad I Terengganu $^{(9)}$ r. 1836-1839 | Muhammad I Terengganu $^{(9)}$ r. 1836-1839 | Muhammad I Terengganu $^{(9)}$ r. 1836-1839 | Muhammad I Terengganu $^{(9)}$ r. 1836-1839 | Muhammad I Terengganu $^{(9)}$ r. 1836-1839 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Modern Pahang | Modern Pahang | Modern Pahang | Modern Pahang | Modern Pahang | Modern Pahang | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Ali Iskandar Johor $^{(18)}$ r. 1835-1855 | Ali Iskandar Johor $^{(18)}$ r. 1835-1855 | Ali Iskandar Johor $^{(18)}$ r. 1835-1855 | Ali Iskandar Johor $^{(18)}$ r. 1835-1855 | Ali Iskandar Johor $^{(18)}$ r. 1835-1855 | Ali Iskandar Johor $^{(18)}$ r. 1835-1855 | | | Muhammad II Riau $^{(2)}$ r. 1832-1841 | Muhammad II Riau $^{(2)}$ r. 1832-1841 | Muhammad II Riau $^{(2)}$ r. 1832-1841 | Muhammad II Riau $^{(2)}$ r. 1832-1841 | Muhammad II Riau $^{(2)}$ r. 1832-1841 | Muhammad II Riau $^{(2)}$ r. 1832-1841 | | | Sulaiman II Riau $^{(4)}$ r. 1857-1883 | Sulaiman II Riau $^{(4)}$ r. 1857-1883 | Sulaiman II Riau $^{(4)}$ r. 1857-1883 | Sulaiman II Riau $^{(4)}$ r. 1857-1883 | Sulaiman II Riau $^{(4)}$ r. 1857-1883 | Sulaiman II Riau $^{(4)}$ r. 1857-1883 | | | Tun Muhammad Tahir B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. 1857-1863 | Tun Muhammad Tahir B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. 1857-1863 | Tun Muhammad Tahir B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. 1857-1863 | Tun Muhammad Tahir B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. 1857-1863 | Tun Muhammad Tahir B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. 1857-1863 | Tun Muhammad Tahir B. S. M $^{(5)}$ r. 1857-1863 | | | Ahmad B. S. M $^{(6)}$ r. 1863-1881 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1881-1909 | Ahmad B. S. M $^{(6)}$ r. 1863-1881 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1881-1909 | Ahmad B. S. M $^{(6)}$ r. 1863-1881 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1881-1909 | Ahmad B. S. M $^{(6)}$ r. 1863-1881 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1881-1909 | Ahmad B. S. M $^{(6)}$ r. 1863-1881 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1881-1909 | Ahmad B. S. M $^{(6)}$ r. 1863-1881 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1881-1909 | | | | | | | | | | | Tun Ibrahim T. S. M r. 1841-1855 Maharaja (de facto) of Johor r. 1855-1862 | Tun Ibrahim T. S. M r. 1841-1855 Maharaja (de facto) of Johor r. 1855-1862 | Tun Ibrahim T. S. M r. 1841-1855 Maharaja (de facto) of Johor r. 1855-1862 | Tun Ibrahim T. S. M r. 1841-1855 Maharaja (de facto) of Johor r. 1855-1862 | Tun Ibrahim T. S. M r. 1841-1855 Maharaja (de facto) of Johor r. 1855-1862 | Tun Ibrahim T. S. M r. 1841-1855 Maharaja (de facto) of Johor r. 1855-1862 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ahmad II Terengganu $^{(10)}$ r. 1876-1881 | Ahmad II Terengganu $^{(10)}$ r. 1876-1881 | Ahmad II Terengganu $^{(10)}$ r. 1876-1881 | Ahmad II Terengganu $^{(10)}$ r. 1876-1881 | Ahmad II Terengganu $^{(10)}$ r. 1876-1881 | Ahmad II Terengganu $^{(10)}$ r. 1876-1881 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Modern Johor | Modern Johor | Modern Johor | Modern Johor | Modern Johor | Modern Johor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Mahmud IV Riau $^{(3)}$ r. 1834-1857 | Mahmud IV Riau $^{(3)}$ r. 1834-1857 | Mahmud IV Riau $^{(3)}$ r. 1834-1857 | Mahmud IV Riau $^{(3)}$ r. 1834-1857 | Mahmud IV Riau $^{(3)}$ r. 1834-1857 | Mahmud IV Riau $^{(3)}$ r. 1834-1857 | | | | | | | | | | | Abdullah Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1917-1932 | Abdullah Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1917-1932 | Abdullah Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1917-1932 | Abdullah Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1917-1932 | Abdullah Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1917-1932 | Abdullah Pahang $^{(3)}$ r. 1917-1932 | | | Mahmud II Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1909-1917 | Mahmud II Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1909-1917 | Mahmud II Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1909-1917 | Mahmud II Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1909-1917 | Mahmud II Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1909-1917 | Mahmud II Pahang $^{(2)}$ r. 1909-1917 | | | | | | | | | | | Abu Bakar T. S. M r. 1862-1868 Maharaja r. 1868-1886 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1886-1895 | Abu Bakar T. S. M r. 1862-1868 Maharaja r. 1868-1886 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1886-1895 | Abu Bakar T. S. M r. 1862-1868 Maharaja r. 1868-1886 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1886-1895 | Abu Bakar T. S. M r. 1862-1868 Maharaja r. 1868-1886 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1886-1895 | Abu Bakar T. S. M r. 1862-1868 Maharaja r. 1868-1886 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1886-1895 | Abu Bakar T. S. M r. 1862-1868 Maharaja r. 1868-1886 Sultan $^{(1)}$ r. 1886-1895 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Zainal Abidin III Terengganu $^{(11)}$ r. 1881-1918 | Zainal Abidin III Terengganu $^{(11)}$ r. 1881-1918 | Zainal Abidin III Terengganu $^{(11)}$ r. 1881-1918 | Zainal Abidin III Terengganu $^{(11)}$ r. 1881-1918 | Zainal Abidin III Terengganu $^{(11)}$ r. 1881-1918 | Zainal Abidin III Terengganu $^{(11)}$ r. 1881-1918 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ♀ Tengku Embung Fatimah | ♀ Tengku Embung Fatimah | ♀ Tengku Embung Fatimah | ♀ Tengku Embung Fatimah | ♀ Tengku Embung Fatimah | ♀ Tengku Embung Fatimah | | | Raja Muhammad Yusuf Yamtuan Muda of Riau r. 1858-1899 | Raja Muhammad Yusuf Yamtuan Muda of Riau r. 1858-1899 | Raja Muhammad Yusuf Yamtuan Muda of Riau r. 1858-1899 | Raja Muhammad Yusuf Yamtuan Muda of Riau r. 1858-1899 | Raja Muhammad Yusuf Yamtuan Muda of Riau r. 1858-1899 | Raja Muhammad Yusuf Yamtuan Muda of Riau r. 1858-1899 | | | Abu Bakar Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1932-1974 | Abu Bakar Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1932-1974 | Abu Bakar Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1932-1974 | Abu Bakar Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1932-1974 | Abu Bakar Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1932-1974 | Abu Bakar Pahang $^{(4)}$ r. 1932-1974 | | | Tengku Muhammad | Tengku Muhammad | Tengku Muhammad | Tengku Muhammad | Tengku Muhammad | Tengku Muhammad | | | | | | | | | | | Ibrahim Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1895-1959 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1895-1959 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1895-1959 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1895-1959 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1895-1959 | Ibrahim Johor $^{(2)}$ r. 1895-1959 | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad II Terengganu $^{(12)}$ r. 1918-1920 | Muhammad II Terengganu $^{(12)}$ r. 1918-1920 | Muhammad II Terengganu $^{(12)}$ r. 1918-1920 | Muhammad II Terengganu $^{(12)}$ r. 1918-1920 | Muhammad II Terengganu $^{(12)}$ r. 1918-1920 | Muhammad II Terengganu $^{(12)}$ r. 1918-1920 | | | Sulaiman Terengganu $^{(13)}$ r. 1920-1942 | Sulaiman Terengganu $^{(13)}$ r. 1920-1942 | Sulaiman Terengganu $^{(13)}$ r. 1920-1942 | Sulaiman Terengganu $^{(13)}$ r. 1920-1942 | Sulaiman Terengganu $^{(13)}$ r. 1920-1942 | Sulaiman Terengganu $^{(13)}$ r. 1920-1942 | | | Ismail Terengganu $^{(15)}$ r. 1945-1979 | Ismail Terengganu $^{(15)}$ r. 1945-1979 | Ismail Terengganu $^{(15)}$ r. 1945-1979 | Ismail Terengganu $^{(15)}$ r. 1945-1979 | Ismail Terengganu $^{(15)}$ r. 1945-1979 | Ismail Terengganu $^{(15)}$ r. 1945-1979 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abdul Rahman II Riau $^{(5)}$ r. 1883-1911 | Abdul Rahman II Riau $^{(5)}$ r. 1883-1911 | Abdul Rahman II Riau $^{(5)}$ r. 1883-1911 | Abdul Rahman II Riau $^{(5)}$ r. 1883-1911 | Abdul Rahman II Riau $^{(5)}$ r. 1883-1911 | Abdul Rahman II Riau $^{(5)}$ r. 1883-1911 | | | | | Ahmad Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1974-2019 | Ahmad Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1974-2019 | Ahmad Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1974-2019 | Ahmad Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1974-2019 | Ahmad Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1974-2019 | Ahmad Pahang $^{(5)}$ r. 1974-2019 | | | ♀ Tengku Afzan | ♀ Tengku Afzan | ♀ Tengku Afzan | ♀ Tengku Afzan | ♀ Tengku Afzan | ♀ Tengku Afzan | | | | | | | Ismail Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1959-1981 | Ismail Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1959-1981 | Ismail Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1959-1981 | Ismail Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1959-1981 | Ismail Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1959-1981 | Ismail Johor $^{(3)}$ r. 1959-1981 | | | | | | | | | | | Ali Terengganu $^{(14)}$ r. 1942-1945 | Ali Terengganu $^{(14)}$ r. 1942-1945 | Ali Terengganu $^{(14)}$ r. 1942-1945 | Ali Terengganu $^{(14)}$ r. 1942-1945 | Ali Terengganu $^{(14)}$ r. 1942-1945 | Ali Terengganu $^{(14)}$ r. 1942-1945 | Mahmud Terengganu $^{(16)}$ r. 1979-1998 | Mahmud Terengganu $^{(16)}$ r. 1979-1998 | Mahmud Terengganu $^{(16)}$ r. 1979-1998 | Mahmud Terengganu $^{(16)}$ r. 1979-1998 | Mahmud Terengganu $^{(16)}$ r. 1979-1998 | Mahmud Terengganu $^{(16)}$ r. 1979-1998 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Iskandar Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1981-2010 | Iskandar Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1981-2010 | Iskandar Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1981-2010 | Iskandar Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1981-2010 | Iskandar Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1981-2010 | Iskandar Johor $^{(4)}$ r. 1981-2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mizan Zainal Abidin Terengganu $^{(17)}$ r. 1998-present | Mizan Zainal Abidin Terengganu $^{(17)}$ r. 1998-present | Mizan Zainal Abidin Terengganu $^{(17)}$ r. 1998-present | Mizan Zainal Abidin Terengganu $^{(17)}$ r. 1998-present | Mizan Zainal Abidin Terengganu $^{(17)}$ r. 1998-present | Mizan Zainal Abidin Terengganu $^{(17)}$ r. 1998-present |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abdullah Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 2019-present | Abdullah Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 2019-present | Abdullah Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 2019-present | Abdullah Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 2019-present | Abdullah Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 2019-present | Abdullah Pahang $^{(6)}$ r. 2019-present | | | ♀ Tunku Azizah | ♀ Tunku Azizah | ♀ Tunku Azizah | ♀ Tunku Azizah | ♀ Tunku Azizah | ♀ Tunku Azizah | | | ♀ Raja Zarith Sofiah | ♀ Raja Zarith Sofiah | ♀ Raja Zarith Sofiah | ♀ Raja Zarith Sofiah | ♀ Raja Zarith Sofiah | ♀ Raja Zarith Sofiah | | | Ibrahim Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 2010-present | Ibrahim Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 2010-present | Ibrahim Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 2010-present | Ibrahim Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 2010-present | Ibrahim Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 2010-present | Ibrahim Johor $^{(5)}$ r. 2010-present | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tengku Muhammad Ismail | Tengku Muhammad Ismail | Tengku Muhammad Ismail | Tengku Muhammad Ismail | Tengku Muhammad Ismail | Tengku Muhammad Ismail |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim | Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim | Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim | Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim | Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim | Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim | | | | | | | Tunku Ismail | Tunku Ismail | Tunku Ismail | Tunku Ismail | Tunku Ismail | Tunku Ismail | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |