# Seán South

Seán South (Irish: Seán Sabhat; 8 February 1928 – 1 January 1957) was a member of an IRA military column led by Seán Garland on a raid against a Royal Ulster Constabulary barracks in Brookeborough, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, on New Year's Day 1957. South, along with Fergal O'Hanlon from County Monaghan, died of wounds sustained during the raid. South has subsequently been commemorated as a martyr by Republicans.

## Life

Seán South was born in Limerick, where he was educated at Sexton Street Christian Brothers School, later working as a clerk in a local wood-importing company called McMahon's. He was a member of a number of organisations, including Clann na Poblachta (who he worked for during the 1948 election), Sinn Féin, the Gaelic League and the Legion of Mary. In Limerick he founded the local branch of Maria Duce, a rabidly conservative and anti-Semitic Roman Catholic organisation led by Father Denis Fahey, where South also edited both An Gath and An Giolla. While not a member, South is also suggested by some, though disputed by others, to have been associated with the fascist Ailtirí na hAiséirghe political party, whose members he met through the Irish language organisations Craobh na hAiséirghe (a branch of the Gaelic League) and Glún na Buaidhe, which coexisted and cooperated with Ailtirí na hAiséirghe. The historian R.M. Douglas stated there was "no evidence" South had connections to Ailtiri na hAiséirghe while South's 1964 biographer Mainchin Seoighe believed he was a member.
He had received military training as a lieutenant of the Irish army reserve, the Local Defence Force, which would later become An Fórsa Cosanta Áitiúil, before he became a volunteer in the Irish Republican Army.
Being a member of An Réalt (the Irish-speaking chapter of the Legion of Mary), South was a devout Catholic and a conservative, even by the standards of the day. It was at a meeting of An Réalt that he met his only serious girlfriend, Máire de Paor. She was a schoolteacher from Limerick and was a great lover of the Irish language. He was also a member of the Knights of Columbanus.
In 1949, South wrote a series of letters to his local newspaper, the Limerick Leader. These letters condemned Hollywood films for what South regarded as their immoral messages. South accused these films of promoting a "stream of insidious propaganda which proceeds from Judeo-Masonic controlled sources, and which warps and corrupts the minds of our youth." South also claimed that the American film industry was controlled by "Jewish and Masonic executives dictating to Communist rank and file." In his letters, South also denounced Irish trade unions, and praised the activities of Senator Joseph McCarthy in the United States. In other writings in later years, South quoted material from A. K. Chesterton, a member of the British Union of Fascists and the founder of the League of Empire Loyalists, which later merged with British National Party in 1967 to become the National Front.

## Death

On New Year's Day 1957, 14 IRA volunteers crossed the border into County Fermanagh to launch an attack on a joint RUC/B Specials barracks at Moane's Cross in Altawark townland near Cooneen, six miles from Brookeborough. During the attack a number of volunteers were injured, two fatally. South and Fergal O'Hanlon died of their wounds as they were making their escape. Their bodies were brought into an old sandstone barn by their comrades. The stone from the barn was used to build a memorial at the site. The site is located at the intersection of Cooneen Road and Teiges Hill Road about six miles northwest of Rosslea.
South's funeral was held on 5 January 1957 and drew massive crowds numbering in the thousands, including members of the clergy and the Mayor of Limerick City Ted Russell.

## Legacy

South's legacy remains a controversial and contested issue, particularly in Northern Ireland where South died. In 2019, Ulster Unionist Party MLA Rosemary Barton denounced Martin Kenny of Sinn Féin for praising South's legacy at an annual memorial held for South in Limerick. Barton suggested South's 1957 raid on the Brookeborough barracks was a terrorist act and called South "a well-known fascist and an anti-Semite". Each year in Limerick Sinn Féin organise a commemoration of South with Limerick Sinn Féin councillor John Costelloe saying "for a man to come up from Limerick and take on the might of the British Empire took some guts...we should honour our heroes".
The Limerick City cumann of Official Sinn Féin was named after South.

### Commemoration

The attack on the barracks inspired two popular rebel songs: "Seán South of Garryowen" and "The Patriot Game".
* "Sean South", also known as "Sean South of Garryowen", written by Sean Costello to the tune of another republican ballad "Roddy McCorley" and made famous by the Wolfe Tones.
* South is also mentioned in the Rubberbandits' song "Up Da Ra", which pokes fun at the concept of armchair republicanism using the literary device of the unreliable narrator.
* There is a plaque dedicated to him outside his birthplace on Henry Street, Limerick.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 A New Dictionary of Irish History from 1800, D.J. Hickey & J.E. Doherty, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin 2003, ISBN 0-7171-2520-3 Pg.452
* ↑ Dingley, James C. (2012). The IRA: The Irish Republican Army. Praeger.
* ↑ Haddick-Flynn, Kevin (22 February 2013). "Seán South of Garryowen". History Ireland.
* 1 2 White, Lawrence William. "South (Sabhat), Seán". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
* 1 2 Gannon, Seán. "'Schools of Corruption' The Context of Seán South's Anti-Semitism" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
* ↑ Douglas, RM (2009). Architects of the Resurrection: Ailtirí na hAiséirghe and the Fascist 'New Order' in Ireland. p. 286.
* ↑ Seoighe, Mainchín (1964). Maraíodh Seán Sabhat aréir.
* ↑ "Why no public outcry at Gerry Adams paying homage to the notorious fascist thug Sean South?". Belfast Telegraph. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2022. South's biographer Mainchin Seoighe also states that he was a member of the fascist party Ailtiri na hAiseirighe, and he was certainly a sympathiser.
* ↑ Bishop, Patrick & Mallie, Eamonn (1987). The Provisional IRA. Corgi Books. p. 42. ISBN 0-552-13337-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* ↑ Brian Hanley and Scott Millar (2009), The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and The Workers' Party, p.14
* ↑ Des Fogarty (2006), Seán South of Garryowen, p.32
* ↑ Haddick-Flynn, Kevin. The Backward Glance: A Miscellany of Irish History, Politics and Culture. p. 17.
* 1 2 David Hannigan, "Spiders under the Stone". Fortnight, No. 314 (Feb., 1993), pp. 34-35
* 1 2 Ian S. Wood, Britain, Ireland and the Second World War. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2010 ISBN 9780748630011 (p.204)
* ↑ "Sean South". Edentubber Martyrs 50th Anniversary. Archived from the original on 15 November 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2009. Edentubber Martyrs Fiftieth Anniversary
* ↑ Friel, Laura (8 October 1998). "Roslea remembers its martyrs". An Phoblacht. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011.
* ↑ Horgan, John (1997). Sean Lemass: The Enigmatic Patriot. Gill & Macmillan.
* ↑ The Irish Border: History, Politics, Culture. Liverpool University Press. 1999. p. 113.
* ↑ Haddick-Flynn, Kevin (2022). The Backward Glance: A Miscellany of Irish History, Politics and Culture. p. 35.
* ↑ "Row over claims legendary IRA man was Nazi sympathiser". The Fermanagh Herald. 10 January 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
* ↑ "Limerick councillor seeks to honour Sean South in his home city". Limerick Leader. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021.
* ↑ Holland and McDonald (2016). INLA Deadly Divisions.
* ↑ Ruan O'Donnell, Professor of History at the University of Limerick Archived 2009-11-15 at the Wayback Machine
* ↑ "Roddy McCorley (March) on the Session". 20 January 2007.
* ↑ "Rubberbandits - Up Da Ra". Genius.
* ↑ Limerick commemorations mark the death of Sean South