# Calipatria, California

Calipatria (portmanteau of California and Patria, Spanish for "homeland") is a city in Imperial County, California. Calipatria is located 23 miles (37 km) north of El Centro. It is part of the El Centro Metropolitan Area. The population was 6,515 at the 2020 census, down from 7,710 at the 2010 census, up from 7,289 at the 2000 census, including 4000 inmates at Calipatria State Prison. The community is located along State Route 111.

## Geography

Calipatria is located at 33°07′32″N 115°30′51″W﻿ / ﻿33.12556°N 115.51417°W﻿ / 33.12556; -115.51417.
At an elevation of 180 feet (55 m) below sea level, Calipatria is the lowest incorporated city in the Western Hemisphere. The city currently claims to have the "tallest flagpole (184 feet) where the flag flies at sea level" at 184 feet (56 m), so their American flag will always fly above sea level.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.6 km$^2$), all land.

### Climate

This area has a large amount of sunshine year round due to its stable descending air and high pressure. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Calipatria has a hot desert climate, abbreviated "Bwh" on climate maps.
Climate data for Calipatria (180 feet below sea level) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 71.0 (21.7) | 74.0 (23.3) | 80.0 (26.7) | 86.0 (30.0) | 95.0 (35.0) | 103.0 (39.4) | 107.0 (41.7) | 107.0 (41.7) | 102.0 (38.9) | 91.0 (32.8) | 79.0 (26.1) | 70.0 (21.1) | 88.8 (31.5) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 56.0 (13.3) | 59.0 (15.0) | 64.5 (18.1) | 70.0 (21.1) | 77.5 (25.3) | 85.0 (29.4) | 91.0 (32.8) | 92.0 (33.3) | 86.0 (30.0) | 75.0 (23.9) | 63.5 (17.5) | 55.0 (12.8) | 72.9 (22.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 41.0 (5.0) | 44.0 (6.7) | 49.0 (9.4) | 54.0 (12.2) | 60.0 (15.6) | 67.0 (19.4) | 75.0 (23.9) | 77.0 (25.0) | 70.0 (21.1) | 59.0 (15.0) | 48.0 (8.9) | 40.0 (4.4) | 57.0 (13.9) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.48 (12) | 0.55 (14) | 0.33 (8.4) | 0.05 (1.3) | 0.02 (0.51) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.08 (2.0) | 0.21 (5.3) | 0.16 (4.1) | 0.25 (6.4) | 0.19 (4.8) | 0.48 (12) | 2.80 (71) |
| Source: Weather Channel ||||||||||||||

## History

The Imperial Valley Farm Lands Association founded the town as Date City in 1914. The first post office at Calipatria opened in 1914. Calipatria incorporated in 1919.

## Demographics
### 2010

At the 2010 census Calipatria had a population of 7,800. The population density was 2,073.6 inhabitants per square mile (800.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of Calipatria was 3,212 (41.7%) White, 1,612 (22.4%) African American, 80 (1.0%) Native American, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,940 persons (64.1%), 95 (1.2%) Asian, 25 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 2,455 (31.9%) from other races, and 227 (2.9%) from two or more races. The census reported that 3,541 people (46.0% of the population) lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 4,164 (54.0%) were institutionalized.
There were 1,008 households, 541 (53.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 515 (51.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 213 (21.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 92 (9.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 53 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 15 (1.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 162 households (16.1%) were one person and 70 (6.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.51. There were 819 families (81.3% of households); the average family size was 3.92.
The age distribution was 1,246 people (16.2%) under the age of 18, 932 people (12.1%) aged 18 to 24, 3,738 people (48.5%) aged 25 to 44, 1,431 people (18.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 358 people (4.6%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 32.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 330.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 427.3 males.
There were 1,121 housing units at an average density of 301.7 per square mile (116.5/km$^2$),of which 1,008 were occupied, 536 (53.2%) by the owners and 472 (46.8%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 10.6%. 1,867 people (24.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,674 people (21.7%) lived in rental housing units.

### 2000

At the 2000 census there were 7,289 people in 899 households, including 756 families, in the city. The population density was 1,965.8 inhabitants per square mile (759.0/km$^2$). There were 961 housing units at an average density of 259.2 per square mile (100.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 32.4% White, 21.3% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.6% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 42.7% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. 57.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 899 households 50.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.8% were non-families. 14.1% of households were one person and 5.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.6 and the average family size was 3.9.
The age distribution was 16.3% under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 52.6% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 3.8% 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 363.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 497.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $60,962, and the median family income was $61,302. Males had a median income of $61,350 versus $50,063 for females. The per capita income for the city was $43,970. About 2.4% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.9% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics

In the state legislature, Calipatria is in the 40th Senate District, represented by Republican Brian Jones, and the 56th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Lisa Calderon.
Federally, Calipatria is in California's 25th congressional district, represented by Democrat Raul Ruiz.

## Infrastructure
### Transportation

Freight rail service is provided by Union Pacific Railroad's Calexico Subdivision.

### Utilities

Calipatria is served by Golden State Water Company, Imperial Irrigation District, Southern California Gas, and Pacific Bell.

## Landmarks

Salvation Mountain is a notable tourist attraction in the north of Calipatria, near Slab City. Salvation Mountain is a small hill which is entirely covered in thousands of gallons of acrylic paint, straw, concrete, adobe. It was created by Leonard Knight to convey the message that "God Loves Everyone". Salvation Mountain was featured in the book Into the Wild and also in the 2007 movie of the same name. The video for Fourth of July, by Shooter Jennings, is partially set at Salvation Mountain.

## Sister cities

* Brawley, California