OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale

The Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS), developed by Lewis and Simons (2010), measures a language's status in terms of endangerment or development.
The table below shows the various levels on the scale:
| Level | Label | Description | UNESCO |
| 0 | International | "The language is widely used between nations in trade, knowledge exchange, and international policy." | Safe |
| 1 | National | "The language is used in education, work, mass media, and government at the national level." | Safe |
| 2 | Provincial | "The language is used in education, work, mass media, and government within major administrative subdivisions of a nation." | Safe |
| 3 | Wider Communication | "The language is used in work and mass media without official status to transcend language differences across a region." | Safe |
| 4 | Educational | "The language is in vigorous use, with standardization and literature being sustained through a widespread system of institutionally supported education." | Safe |
| 5 | Developing | "The language is in vigorous use, with literature in a standardized form being used by some though this is not yet widespread or sustainable." | Safe |
| 6a | Vigorous | "The language is used for face-to-face communication by all generations and the situation is sustainable." | Safe |
| 6b | Threatened | "The language is used for face-to-face communication within all generations, but it is losing users." | Vulnerable |
| 7 | Shifting | "The child-bearing generation can use the language among themselves, but it is not being transmitted to children." | Definitely Endangered |
| 8a | Moribund | "The only remaining active speakers of the language are members of the grandparent generation and older." | Severely Endangered |
| 8b | Nearly Extinct | "The only remaining speakers of the language are members of the grandparent generation or older who have little opportunity to use the language." | Critically Endangered |
| 9 | Dormant | "The language serves as a reminder of heritage identity for an ethnic community, but no one has more than symbolic proficiency." | Extinct |
| 10 | Extinct | "The language is no longer used and no one retains a sense of ethnic identity associated with the language." | Extinct |
The EGIDS model has become widely known, cited in 555 publications as of August 2021.
# FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1939

The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1939 in alpine skiing were the ninth edition of the competition, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS), and were held 12–15 February in Kasprowy Wierch in the Western Tatras, south of Zakopane, Poland. Due to World War II, there would be a nine-year hiatus of the official competition until the 1948 Winter Olympics.
Josef Jennewein, Wilhelm Walch and Helga Gödl were Austrians but after the Anschluss in 1938 they were citizen of 1935-Germany. Their medals cache continue to be counted for Germany. Hellmuth Lantschner also was an Austrian but he had changed to Germany in 1935 and competed under the German Ski Federation after that time.

## Medal summary
### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Downhill | Hellmut Lantschner (GER) | Josef Jennewein (GER) | Karl Molitor (SUI) |
| Slalom | Rudolf Rominger (SUI) | Josef Jennewein (GER) | Wilhelm Walch (GER) |
| Combined | Josef Jennewein (GER) | Wilhelm Walch (GER) | Rudolf Rominger (SUI) |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Downhill | Christl Cranz (GER) | Lisa Resch (GER) | Helga Gödl (GER) |
| Slalom | Christl Cranz (GER) | Gritli Schaad (SUI) | May Nilsson (SWE) |
| Combined | Christl Cranz (GER) | Gritli Schaad (SUI) | Lisa Resch (GER) |

## Medal table

* Host nation (Poland)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Germany (GER) | 5 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
| 2 | Switzerland (SUI) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |
# Skinny Graham (outfielder)

Arthur William "Skinny" Graham Jr. (August 12, 1909 – July 10, 1967) was an American professional baseball player whose nine-season career included 21 games played as an outfielder and pinch hitter for the 1934–1935 Boston Red Sox. Born in Somerville, Massachusetts, he was listed as 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m) tall and 162 pounds (73 kg). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
Graham graduated from Bridgton Academy in Maine. Baseball Reference lists his pro career as beginning at age 24 in 1934 in the Red Sox' farm system with Reading of the New York–Pennsylvania League; a Society for American Baseball Research biography, however, dates his pro career to earlier in the 1930s in lower-level minor leagues. After hitting .331 in 1934 with 51 extra-base hits at Reading, he was promoted to Boston, batting .234 with 11 hits in 13 September games. He spent most of 1935 in the minors, returning to the Red Sox late in the season and hitting .300 (three for ten) in limited service.
All told, in 21 MLB games, he collected 14 hits, with two doubles, one triple, four runs batted in and three stolen bases. In 1936, Graham returned to the minor leagues for the rest of his pro career.
He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at 57 in July 1967. One of his sons, Arthur III, played professional football for the Boston Patriots of the AFL from 1963 through 1968.
# Kiti Kokkonen

Kiti Karoliina Kokkonen (born 4 October 1974 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish film and television actress, voice actress and writer. She has been the artistic director of Suomen Komediateatteri [fi] ("Finnish Comedy Theatre") since February 2010. She is the daughter of film director Ere Kokkonen and actress Titta Jokinen.

## Career

Early in her career, Kokkonen acted in Helsinki Student Theatre [fi] for a few years without any actual training in the theater industry. Since then, Kokkonen has performed in the revues of Suomen Komediateatteri, among other places. She has acted in small supporting roles in the Vääpeli Körmy and Uuno Turhapuro film series, and has made a number of voice acting roles. Kokkonen played her first lead role in the 2020 comedy film The Renovation, directed by Taneli Mustonen.
In 2018, Kokkonen starred in MTV3's sketch comedy television show Putous, where she played several small roles and her best-known Tanhupallo [fi] character. She won a playful sketch character contest with her Tanhupallo.

## Selected filmography

* Uuno in Spain (1985)
* Uuno Turhapuro Moves to the Country (1986)
* The Snow Queen (1986)
* A Charming Mass Suicide (2000)
* Uuno Turhapuro – This Is My Life (2004)
* The Magic Crystal (2011)
* Swingers (2018)
* The Renovation (2020)
# Md. Matiur Rahman (Sunamganj politician)

Md. Matiur Rahman is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former member of parliament for Sunamganj-4.

## Career

Rahman was elected to parliament from Sunamganj-4 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 2009 in a by-election following the death of Momtaj Iqbal, the incumbent. He is the president of the Sunamganj District unit of the Bangladesh Awami League.
# Farid Diaf

Farid Diaf (born 14 April 1971) is a French retired footballer and coach.

## England

Described as a 'breath of fresh air' by Preston North End coach David Moyes, Diaf injured himself in training two days before the 1999/00 season began. Unfortunately, on the 6th of November at Colchester, he suffered a fracture under his left eye, so had to undergo an operation. Despite turning out with the reserves and expressing eagerness to get back on the field, the half-back was ruled out of action again with a January injury, posting three league appearances the entire season.
Asked about Preston North End, the Frenchman stated that the team, as well as the manager, exuded talent and that they could potentially produce football similar to Manchester United, who were one division above. He also claimed that the standard was higher than in France.
# Bethlem Museum of the Mind

Bethlem Museum of the Mind is a museum focusing on the history of Bethlem Royal Hospital, its programme of care, and its patients. Opened in 2015, the museum is housed in an Art Deco building shared with the Bethlem Gallery, which hosts exhibitions of contemporary artists who are current or former patients.
The museum's displays include work by artists who have suffered from mental health problems, such as former patients William Kurelek, Richard Dadd and Louis Wain. Another work is a pair of statues by Caius Gabriel Cibber known as Raving and Melancholy Madness, from the gates of the 17th century Bethlem Hospital. Other displays illustrate the history of mental healthcare.
The museum is a member of the London Museums of Health & Medicine.

## Archives

The museum cares for extensive archives from Bethlem Hospital, Maudsley Hospital and Warlingham Park Hospital, and some of the archives of Bridewell Hospital. There are documents dating back to the 16th century. The archives are open for inspection by appointment, subject to the laws of confidentiality governing recent patient records.

## History

Since 1970, there had been a small museum at the hospital that mainly displayed items from the hospital's art collection. Due to the restricted size of the former museum, known as the "Bethlem Royal Hospital Archives and Museum", only a small fraction of the collections could be displayed at a time.
The inaugural temporary exhibition was Bryan Charnley: the Art of Schizophrenia, a monographic show on the artist (and former Bethlem patient) Bryan Charnley.
In April 2016 the museum was shortlisted for the Museum of the Year award, alongside the Victoria and Albert Museum (the eventual winner), the Arnolfini, York Art Gallery and Jupiter Artland sculpture park and gallery.
# Barsuk Records

Barsuk Records (/bɑːrˈsuːk/ bar-SOOK) is an independent record label based in Seattle, Washington which was founded in 1998 by Christopher Possanza and Josh Rosenfeld, the members of the band This Busy Monster, to release their band's material. Its logo is a drawing of a dog holding a vinyl record in its mouth.
Barsuk played a key role in shaping the mainstream view of indie rock in its early years, with albums like Nada Surf's Let Go, The Long Winters' When I Pretend to Fall, and Death Cab for Cutie's influential fourth album, Transatlanticism. The label also became a platform for Seattle-based singer-songwriters such as Rocky Votolato, Jesse Sykes, and David Bazan.
The name of the label comes from the Russian word барсук [barˈsuk], "badger". However, the label is named after Possanza and Jason Avinger's dog, a black Labrador. The dog can be heard barking in two This Busy Monster tracks: "Song 69" and "Time to Sleep".

## Artists

* Active Bird Community
* ¡All-Time Quarterback!
* The American Analog Set
* Aqueduct
* Aveo
* Babes
* David Bazan
* Big Scary
* Charly Bliss
* Blunt Mechanic
* Common Holly
* Cymbals Eat Guitars
* Death Cab for Cutie
* The Dismemberment Plan
* Benjamin Gibbard
* Laura Gibson
* The Globes
* Abigail Grush
* Harvey Danger
* Hibou
* Jessamine
* Kind of Like Spitting
* Lackthereof
* Little Champions
* Lo Tom
* The Long Winters
* Maps & Atlases
* Mates of State
* Menomena
* Minor Alps
* Travis Morrison (of the Dismemberment Plan)
* Nada Surf
* Jim Noir
* Pacific Air
* Phantogram
* Pea Soup
* Pearly Gate Music
* The Prom
* Ra Ra Riot
* Ramona Falls
* The Revolutionary Hydra
* Rilo Kiley
* Ruler
* Mathieu Santos
* Say Hi
* Small Feet
* Smoosh
* Chris Staples
* Starlight Mints
* Steady Holiday
* Sunset Valley
* Jesse Sykes & The Sweet Hereafter
* They Might Be Giants
* This Busy Monster
* Trails and Ways
* John Vanderslice
* Viva Voce
* Rocky Votolato
* Chris Walla
* What Made Milwaukee Famous
* The Wooden Birds
* Yellow Ostrich
* Death Cab for Cutie performs at Manchester Academy, 2011
# Lake Kuorevesi

Lake Kuorevesi (Finnish: Kuorevesi) is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is situated in the municipalities of Mänttä-Vilppula and Jämsä (formerly Kuorevesi) in the Central Finland region. The lake is part of the Kokemäenjoki basin.
The lake's main inflow is lake Keurusselkä, which drains into Kuorevesi from the north. Kuorevesi in turn drains into the Lake Ruovesi in the west.
# Momtaz Uddin

Momtaz Uddin (21 September 1946 – 6 June 2003) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician who served as a member of the Jatiya Sangsad representing the Natore-1 constituency. He was the senior vice president of the district Awami League. He was a member of Mukti Bahini in the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971, commander in chief of Lalpur.

## Early life and education

Momtaz Uddin was born on 21 September 1946 to a Bengali family of Muslim Pramaniks in the Milkipara of Abdulpur village in Lalpur, Natore, then part of the Rajshahi district of the Bengal Presidency. He studied at the Karimpur High School up until class 8. He received his Secondary School Certificate from the Chowk Nazirpur High School in 1966 and his Higher Secondary Certificate from the Nawab Siraj-Ud-Dowla Government College, Natore in 1968. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from Ishwardi College in 1970.
He is married to politician Shefali Momtaz. His son, Shamim Ahmad Sagore, is the general secretary of Lalpur Awami League.

## Assassination

On 6 June 2003, local Natore police stated that a band of 10 armed men interrupted Uddin's motorcycle at Darpara on the Goapalpur-Abdulpur Road in Natore and stabbed him to death.
On 13 March 2013, a speedy trial tribunal in Rajshahi sentenced nine people to life in prison for killing Uddin.
# C18H23NO3

The molecular formula C$_{18}$H$_{23}$NO$_3$ (molar mass : 301.38 g/mol, exact mass : 301.167794) may refer to:
* 3C-BZ, a psychedelic drug
* 25H-NBOMe
* Dihydrocodeine, a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic
* Dihydroisocodeine
* Dobutamine
* Isoxsuprine
* Levdobutamine
* Methyldihydromorphine
* Phenescaline
* Ractopamine
* Solpecainol
# Greta Hopkinson

Greta Hopkinson (born Greta Karin Louise Stromeyer, 4 October 1901 – September 1993) was a British wood sculptor.

## Biography

Hopkinson was born in West Didsbury, Manchester. Her father, Charles Edmund Stromeyer, was a British civil engineer (expert on ship boiler design and designer of a shell-propelled grappling hook used during World War I to remove barbed wire fences), and her mother, Alma Karin Lindstein, was an acclaimed Swedish singer.
She was educated at Ladybarn House School, Withington Girls' School, Manchester, and Sandecotes School in Parkston, Dorset. She then studied Modern and Mediaeval Languages at Newnham College, Cambridge (1921–24), becoming one of its youngest female graduates. She was employed as Secretary to the Editor of the New Statesman, Clifford Dyce Sharp (1928–29), for a while.
On 8 June 1929, she married Dr. Harry Cunliffe Hopkinson (d.1965) and travelled Europe with him. After the War, they lived on the Isle of Wight before retiring to Pine Cottage, a house on the edge of the New Forest and previously the home of Gordon Jacob, the well-known British composer. Hopkinson died in Brockenhurst, Hampshire,
# Oakland Aviation Museum

Oakland Aviation Museum, formerly called Western Aerospace Museum, in an aviation museum located at North Field of Oakland International Airport in Oakland, California. It has over 30 vintage and modern airplanes, both civilian and military, and other displays that highlight noted aviators and innovators.

## History

The museum was established in 1980 by Ron Reuther and opened in 1986 in a room inside Hangar 5 at Oakland International Airport.
A Short Solent was moved to the museum in 1987. The following year, the museum moved to Building 621, the former Boeing School of Aeronautics, which was built in 1940. Then, in 1989, the museum received a Lockheed Electra.
The museum began a project to make its Short Solent airworthy in 1992.
The museum announced it would expand to Hangar 41 at the former Naval Air Station Alameda in 1998.

## Collection
### Aircraft

* Aeronca 7AC Champion
* Cessna O-2A Skymaster
* Denney Kitfox IV 1200
* Douglas KA-3B Skywarrior
* Douglas NTA-4J Skyhawk
* ERCO 415-C Ercoupe
* Grumman KA-6D Intruder
* Grumman NF-14A Tomcat
* Hawker Siddeley TAV-8A Harrier
* Hiller Ten99
* JDT 1600R EROS
* Jurca MJ-7 Gnatsum
* Kitty Hawk Flyer eVTOL
* LTV A-7E Corsair II
* Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15bis
* North American T-39 Saberliner
* Rutan VariEze
* Rutan VariEze
* Short Solent III
* Stoddard-Hamilton Glasair Super II RG
* Thorp/Paulic T3B-1
* Wright EX Vin Fiz Flyer – replica

### Engines

* Allison T56 Series III
* Andover V-32
* Elizalde Tigre IV
* Franklin O-200 (4AC-199)
* Galino-Taski
* Garrett GTP70
* General Electric J47
* General Electric J79
* Heath-Henderson B-4
* Herring-Curtiss
* Lycoming R-680
* McCulloch 4318A
* Pancake V-8
* Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp
* Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN-1 Wasp Junior
* Pratt & Whitney TF30-414A
* Ranger V-770
* Righter O-45
* Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone

### Other

* ADM-20 Quail

## Exhibits

The museum contains several galleries with exhibits, some of which emphasize the role Oakland and surrounding areas have played in the history of aviation. These include an aircraft engine room, the Eighth Air Force, Jimmy Doolittle, United States naval aviation, the Tuskegee Airmen, women in aviation, Transocean Air Lines, World Airways and Trans International Airlines.

## Events

The museum hosts a number of special events including open cockpit days.

## Programs

The museum previously hosted a Summer Flight Academy for teenagers.
# Raimundinho

Raimundo Ferreira Silva (28 February 1933 – 29 April 2000), better known as Raimundinho, was a Brazilian professional footballer and manager, who played as a forward.

## Career

Raimundinho began his career at Cachoeirinha de Belo Horizonte in 1951, still as a youth player. He arrived at Cruzeiro in 1952 where he played almost his entire career, with 323 games and 112 goals, being top scorer in 1954 and state champion in 1956, 1959, and 1960. He was sidelined due to illness in 1957, being loaned to America-RJ in 1958 to regain rhythm. He ended his career as a player at EC Renascença and had a brief role as coach at Treze da Paraíba.

## Honours
### Cruzeiro

* Campeonato Mineiro: 1956, 1959, 1960
* Copa Belo Horizonte: 1960

### Individual

* 1954 Campeonato Mineiro top scorer: 13 goals
# Milverine (drug)

Milverine (Fenprin, Fenpyramine, Miospasm) is a spasmolytic (antispasmodic) agent that was developed in the latter half of the 20th century.
The therapeutic use of fenpyramin as a platelet-antiaggregating and antithrombotic as well as vasodilating and antianginous medicine was also identified.
Milverine is a bifunctional molecule; one half of the molecule contains 3,3-Diphenylpropylamine and the other half of the molecule contains fampridine.

## Synthesis

The chemical synthesis of milverine was identified.
Conjugate soft addition of benzene to cinnamic acid [140-10-3] (1) gives 3,3-diphenylpropionic acid [606-83-7] (2). Halogenation with thionyl chloride gives 3,3-diphenylpropionyl chloride [37089-77-3] (3). Schotten-Baumann reaction with 4-aminopyridine (Fampridine) [504-24-5] (4) gives 3,3-diphenyl-N-(4-pyridyl)propionamide [75437-13-7] (5). The last step involves reduction of the amide bond giving milverine (6), respectively.
# Kim Young-kwang

Kim Young-kwang may refer to:
* Kim Young-kwang (footballer, born 1983), South Korean footballer
* Kim Young-kwang (actor) (born 1987)
* Kim Young-kwang (footballer, born 1987)
# IFE

IFE or Ife may refer to:
* Ifẹ, an ancient city and subgroup of the Yoruba people domiciled in south-western Nigeria
* Ifẹ people, a West African ethnic group of Togo, Benin and Ghana, connected in language and origin to the other Yoruba people
* Ifè language, a Niger–Congo language spoken by some 180,000 people in Togo and Benin
* Ìfẹ́, a Nigerian LGBT romantic film
* "Ife", a composition from Miles Davis' 1974 compilation album Big Fun
* In-flight entertainment, the entertainment available to aircraft passengers during a flight

## Organizations

* Institute for Energy Technology
* Institution of Fire Engineers, a worldwide body that provides research, training, conferences and professional qualifications for firefighters
* Instituto Nacional Electoral, an autonomous, public organization responsible for organizing federal elections in Mexico
* Islamic Forum of Europe, an Islamic organisation based in the United Kingdom with affiliates in Europe
* State Railways Institution (Instituto de Ferrocarriles del Estado), a state-run organization of Venezuela that manages the railway systems of the country
* University of Finance and Economics (Mongolia) (previously Institute of Finance and Economics), one of the largest educational institutions of Mongolia
# Kalabaria Union

Kalabaria Union (Bengali: কলাবাড়ীয়া ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Kalia Upazila of Narail District in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. It has an area of 64.33 km2 (24.84 sq mi) and a population of 31,747.
# Walt Thomas

William Walter Thomas (April 28, 1884 – June 6, 1950) was an American professional baseball player. He played part of one season in Major League Baseball for the Boston Doves from 1908. He appeared in five games, all as a shortstop.
# 2014 Arab Cup U-20

The 2014 Arab Cup U-20 was normally the sixth edition of the Arab Cup U-20. The tournament hosted by Qatar and was planned to be played between 2 and 15 June 2014, however because the 2014 FIFA World Cup, it was reported to a date between 25 December 2014 and 5 January 2015. And finally, it was definitively cancelled by the Union of Arab Football Associations.
The draw for the tournament took place on April 29, 2014, in Doha, Qatar.

## Participants

* Djibouti
* Iraq
* Lebanon
* Mauritania
* Qatar (hosts)
* Saudi Arabia
* Sudan
* Tunisia (holders)
# Territorial evolution of Nevada

The following outline traces the territorial evolution of the U.S. State of Nevada.

## Outline

* Historical territorial claims of Spain in the present State of Nevada:
** Nueva California, 1768–1804
** Gran Cuenca, 1776–1821
** Alta California, 1804–1821
*** Adams–Onis Treaty of 1819
* Historical international territory in the present State of Nevada:
** Oregon Country, 1818–1846
*** Anglo-American Convention of 1818
* Historical territorial claims of Mexico in the present State of Nevada:
** Gran Cuenca, 1821–1848
** Alta California, 1821–1848
*** Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848
* Historical political divisions of the United States in the present State of Nevada:
** Unorganized territory created by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848–1850
*** Compromise of 1850
** State of Deseret (extralegal), 1849–1850
** Territory of Utah, 1850–1896
** Nataqua Territory (extralegal), 1856–1861
** Territory of Nevada, 1861–1864
*** Nevada Organic Act, March 2, 1861
*** Western 53 miles of the Utah Territory is transferred to the Territory of Nevada, July 14, 1862
*** Nevada Enabling Act, March 21, 1864
** State of Nevada since 1864
*** Nevada Statehood, October 31, 1864
*** Another 53 miles of western Utah Territory is transferred to the State of Nevada, May 5, 1866
*** Northwestern corner of the Arizona Territory is transferred to the State of Nevada, January 18, 1867