# 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature

The 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the French writer Albert Camus (1913–1960) "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times." He is the ninth French author to become a recipient of the prize after Catholic novelist François Mauriac in 1952, and the fourth philosopher after British analytic philosopher Bertrand Russell in 1950.
Aged 44 when he received the prize, Camus is the second youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, after only Rudyard Kipling (41).

## Laureate

Camus made his debut as a writer in 1937, but his breakthrough came with the novel L’étranger ("The Stranger"), published in 1942. It concerns the absurdity of life, a theme he returns to in other books, including his philosophical work Le mythe de Sisyphe ("The Myth of Sisyphus", 1942). He also worked as a journalist and playwright with Caligula (1944), which received praises from theatre critics. Because of his friendship with Jean-Paul Sartre, Camus was labeled an existentialist, but he preferred not to be linked with any ideology. His other successful novels include La peste ("The Plague", 1947), La chute ("The Fall", 1956), and an unfinished autobiography, Le Premier homme ("The First Man"), was published posthumously.

## Deliberations
### Nominations

Albert Camus was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature on 11 occasions, the first time in 1949. He was nominated once in 1957 by a French professor of Anglo-Saxon language and literature from the Caen University, which he was awarded afterwards.
In total, the Nobel committee received 66 nominations for 49 writers including Nikos Kazantzakis, E. M. Forster, Alberto Moravia, Georges Duhamel, Jules Romains, Ezra Pound, Saint-John Perse (awarded in 1960), Carlo Levi, Boris Pasternak (awarded in 1958) and Robert Frost. 12 of the nominees were nominated first-time among them Jean-Paul Sartre (awarded in 1964), Lennox Robinson, Jan Parandowski, Samuel Beckett (awarded in 1969), Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, André Chamson, Väinö Linna and Carlo Levi. The nominee with the highest number of nominations – 4 nominations – was for André Malraux. Four of the nominees were women namely Gertrud von Le Fort, Karen Blixen, Henriette Charasson, and Maria Dąbrowska.
The authors Nurullah Ataç, Erich Auerbach, Arturo Barea, Ernst Bertram, Roy Campbell, Joyce Cary, José Lins do Rego, Alfred Döblin, Claude Farrère, Peter Freuchen, Rose Fyleman, Oliver St. John Gogarty, Sacha Guitry, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Eric Alfred Knudsen, Barbu Lăzăreanu, Wyndham Lewis, Malcolm Lowry, Mait Metsanurk, Christopher Morley, Gilbert Murray, Ralph Barton Perry, Clemente Rebora, Aleksey Remizov, Umberto Saba, Dorothy L. Sayers, and Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa died in 1957 without having been nominated for the prize. French poet Valery Larbaud died before the only chance to be rewarded.
Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize :
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
| 1 | Mark Aldanov (1886–1957) | Ukraine France | biography, novel, essays, literary criticism | Samson Soloveitchik (1887–1974) |
| 2 | Riccardo Bacchelli (1891–1985) | Italy | novel, drama, essays | Mario Fubini (1901–1977)Alfredo Schiaffini (1895–1971)Paolo Toschi (1893–1973) |
| 3 | Knuth Becker (1891–1974) | Denmark | poetry, novel | Sven Clausen (1893–1961) |
| 4 | Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) | Ireland | novel, drama, poetry | Robert-Léon Wagner (1905–1982) |
| 5 | Karen Blixen (1885–1962) | Denmark | novel, short story, memoir | Harry Martinson (1904–1978)Elias Wessén (1889–1981) |
| 6 | Albert Camus (1913–1960) | France ( Algeria) | novel, short story, essays, philosophy, drama | Sylvère Monod (1921–2006) |
| 7 | André Chamson (1900–1983) | France | novel, essays | Jean-Baptiste Fort (?) |
| 8 | Henriette Charasson (1884–1972) | France | poetry, essays, drama, novel, literary criticism, biography | Serge Barrault (1887–1976) |
| 9 | Maria Dąbrowska (1889–1965) | Poland | novel, short story, essays, drama, literary criticism | Charles Hyatt (1931–2007) |
| 10 | Gonzague de Reynold (1880–1970) | Switzerland | history, essays, biography, memoir | Pierre-Henri Simon (1903–1972) |
| 11 | Henry de Montherlant (1895–1972) | France | essays, novel, drama | Eugène Napoleon Tigerstedt (1907–1979) |
| 12 | Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) | France | novel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticism | André Plassart (1889–1978) |
| 13 | Mircea Eliade (1907–1986) | Romania United States | history, philosophy, essays, autobiography, novel, short story | Ernest Koliqi (1903–1975) |
| 14 | Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) | Norway | novel, short story, essays | Norwegian Authors' Union |
| 15 | Lion Feuchtwanger (1884–1958) | Germany United States | novel, drama | Viktor Klemperer (1881–1960) |
| 16 | Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) | United Kingdom | novel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticism | The English PEN-ClubHerbert Koziol (1903–1986) |
| 17 | Robert Frost (1874–1963) | United States | poetry, drama | The American PEN-Club |
| 18 | Jean Giono (1895–1970) | France | novel, short story, essays, poetry, drama | Robert-Léon Wagner (1905–1982) |
| 19 | Armand Godoy (1880–1964) | Cuba France | poetry, translation | Antonio Iraizoz Villar (1890–1976)Claude Farrère (1876–1957) |
| 20 | Hu Shih (1891–1962) | China | essays, philosophy, history, poetry, pedagogy | The Chinese PEN-Club |
| 21 | Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (1894–1980) | Poland | poetry, essays, drama, translation, short story, novel | Charles Hyatt (1931–2007) |
| 22 | Nikos Kazantzakis (1883–1957) | Greece | novel, philosophy, essays, drama, memoir, translation | Samuel Baud-Bovy (19061986)Society of Men of Letters of Greece |
| 23 | Valery Larbaud (1881–1957) | France | novel, poetry, literary criticism | Pierre Costil (1901–1968) |
| 24 | Carlo Levi (1902–1975) | Italy | memoir, novel, short story | Mario Praz (1896–1892) |
| 25 | Väinö Linna (1920–1992) | Finland | novel | Rolf Lagerborg (1874–1959) |
| 26 | André Malraux (1901–1976) | France | novel, essays, literary criticism | Claude Backvis (1910–1998)Jacques-Henry Bornecque (1910–1995)Société des gens de lettresErik Hjalmar Linder (1906–1994) |
| 27 | Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973) | France | philosophy, drama | Charles Dédéyan (1910–2003) |
| 28 | Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) | Spain | philology, history | Gunnar Tilander (1894–1973)Hans Rheinfelder (1898–1971)André Burger (1896–1985) |
| 29 | Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) | Italy | novel, literary criticism, essays, drama | Gennaro Perrotta (1900–1962) |
| 30 | Seán O'Casey (1880–1964) | Ireland | drama, memoir | Oscar Cargill (1898–1972) |
| 31 | Jan Parandowski (1895–1978) | Poland | essays, translation | Charles Hyatt (1931–2007) |
| 32 | Boris Pasternak (1890–1960) | Russia | poetry, novel, translation | Harry Martinson (1904–1978) |
| 33 | Saint-John Perse (1887–1975) | France | poetry | Dag Hammarskjöld (1905–1961) |
| 34 | Ezra Pound (1885–1972) | United States | poetry, essays | Ingvar Andersson (1899–1974) |
| 35 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) | India | philosophy, essays, law | Arthur John Arberry (1905–1969)Hywel Lewis (1910–1992) |
| 36 | Lennox Robinson (1886–1958) | Ireland | drama, poetry | The Irish PEN-Club |
| 37 | Jules Romains (1885–1972) | France | poetry, drama, screenplay | Alfonso Reyes Ochoa (1889–1959)Society of Authors and Composers of DramaSociété des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques |
| 38 | Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) | France | philosophy, novel, drama, essays, screenplay | Jacques Scherer (1912–1997) |
| 39 | Zalman Shneour (1887–1959) | Belarus United States | poetry, essays | Simon Rawidowicz (1897–1957) |
| 40 | Ignazio Silone (1900–1978) | Italy | novel, short story, essays, drama | Gennaro Perrotta (1900–1962) |
| 41 | Stijn Streuvels (1871–1969) | Belgium | novel, short story | Pierre Brachin (1914–2004)Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature |
| 42 | Jules Supervielle (1884–1960) | France Uruguay | poetry, novel, short story | Maurice Le Boucher (1882–1964) |
| 43 | Herman Teirlinck (1879–1967) | Belgium | novel, poetry, essays, drama | François Closset (1900–1964)Royal Academy of Dutch Language and LiteratureRoyal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts |
| 44 | Frank Thiess (1890–1977) | West Germany | novel | Kasimir Edschmid (1890–1966) |
| 45 | Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889–1975) | United Kingdom | history, philosophy | Claude Backvis (1910–1998) |
| 46 | George Macauley Trevelyan (1876–1962) | United Kingdom | biography, autobiography, essays, history | Elias Wessén (1889–1981) |
| 47 | Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970) | Norway | poetry, novel | Sigmund Skard (1903–1995) |
| 48 | Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) | Netherlands | novel, poetry, essays, translation | The Belgian PEN-Club |
| 49 | Gertrud von Le Fort (1876–1971) | West Germany | novel, short story, essays, poetry | Poetry Department of the Prussian Academy of Arts |

## Award ceremony

At the award ceremony in Stockholm on 10 December 1957 Anders Österling, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, said:
   Active and highly creative, Camus is in the centre of interest in the literary world, even outside of France. Inspired by an authentic moral engagement, he devotes himself with all his being to the great fundamental questions of life, and certainly this aspiration corresponds to the idealistic end for which the Nobel Prize was established. Behind his incessant affirmation of the absurdity of the human condition is no sterile negativism. This view of things is supplemented in him by a powerful imperative, a nevertheless, an appeal to the will which incites to revolt against absurdity and which, for that reason, creates a value.

## Nobel banquet

At the Nobel banquet in Stockholm City Hall on 10 December 1957, Albert Camus held a speech in which he spoke about his idea of his art and the role of the writer. Prior to the speech, Bernard Karlgren, a member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, addressed Camus, pointing out the prominent role of France in Western culture and said:
   In your writings we find manifested to a high degree the clarity and the lucidity, the penetration and the subtlety, the inimitable art inherent in your literary language, all of which we admire and warmly love. We salute you as a true representative of that wonderful French spirit.