OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cork X Southwest Music & Arts Festival

Cork X Southwest Music & Arts Festival was an annual festival in Skibbereen, West Cork, Ireland.
2011 saw the festival in its fourth year. The festival took place on Liss Ard Estate in Skibbereen, West Cork on Saturday 4 June and Sunday 5 June.

## 2011

The fourth annual Cork x Southwest music festival took place on 4 June 2011.
The artists performing at the 2011 Cork X SW Music Festival include:
* Echo & The Bunnymen
* Patti Smith
* Peter Hook & The Light
* Balkan Beat Box
* Spider John Koerner
* Mick Flannery
* Fred
* Favourite Sons
* Jape
* Interference

## 2010

The third annual Cork x Southwest music festival took place on Saturday 31 July 2010.
The artists performing included:
* Martha Wainwright
* Bonnie Prince Billy
* Hothouse Flowers
* The Frank and Walters
* Mick Flannery
* John Spillane
* Luka Bloom

## Sponsorship

The main sponsor for the Cork x Southwest music festival was Murphy's Irish Stout.
# Cork and Macroom Direct Railway

The Cork and Macroom Direct Railway (CMDR) was an Irish gauge (5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)) railway in Ireland which ran the 24 miles (39 km) from Cork to Macroom.

## History

It was incorporated in 1861 and was chaired by Sir John Arnott and Joseph Ronayne. The engineer for the scheme was Sir John Benson.
Construction work started in 1863. The line cost £6,000 per mile (equivalent to £702,095 in 2023) and there were five stations on the 24 miles 13 chain length. It opened on 12 May 1866 and utilised the Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway terminus at Albert Quay.
The company wanted independence from the Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway which was charging £2,000 per annum for the privilege, so it built a new terminus on Summerhill South road fed by a link from Ballyphehane Junction. Cork Capwell railway station cost £28,000 (equivalent to £3,596,035 in 2023), and opened in September 1879. The link with the CBSCR was severed as the CMDR wished to remain independent however they were forced to re-open it by the Irish Railways Executive Committee in 1918.
In 1925, the Cork and Macroom Direct Railway was amalgamated into the Great Southern Railways (GSR) along with other Irish railway companies. The CMDR whilst small was modestly profitable and had attempted to remain independent even again severing their link to the rest of the network but in the end their attempts were fruitless.$^{:174}$
Powers to extend the CMDR to Kenmare had been granted but were never exercised.

## Closure

The Cork Capwell terminus closed on 2 March 1925, and trains reverted to the original terminus at Albert Quay. In 1929, the Capwell station buildings were acquired by the Irish Omnibus Company. The last regular passenger train was operated in 1935 and the line eventually closed to all remaining traffic in 1953 when part of its route was flooded for the creation of the Lee reservoir.

## Rolling Stock
### Locomotives

The CMDR had five locomotives at the time absorption into the GSR.$^{:174–176,380}$
| CMDR No. | GSR No. | GSR Type | Type | Builder | Works No. | Introduced | Withdrawn | Notes |
| 1 | | 487/G5 | 2-4-0T | Dübs and Company | 17 | 1865 | | Not passed to GSR in 1925 |
| 2 | 487 | 487/G5 | 2-4-0T | Dübs and Company | 18 | 1865 | 1928 | |
| 3 | 488 | 487/G5 | 2-4-0T | Dübs and Company | 235 | 1867 | 1934 | |
| 4 | 488 | 487/G5 | 2-4-0T | Dübs and Company | 1505 | 1881 | 1928 | |
| 5 | 490 | 490/I2 | 0-6-2T | Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. | 1022 | 1905 | 1935 | |
| 6 | 491 | 491/F5 | 2-4-2T | Vulcan Foundry | 1315 | 1914 | 1934 | Built 1891 for Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway |
$^{:174–176}$

### Carriages and Wagons

At the time of the 1925 amalgamation the CMDR passed on 27 coaches and 117 wagons to the GSR.

### Livery

In 1903 locomotives were light green with black and yellow lining. By the 1925 amalgamation they were black with red lining.$^{:174}$

## Incidents

On 8 September 1878, there was a derailment east of Ballincollig that resulted in 5 deaths and 70 injuries. This incident resulted in significant financial outlay for the company for several years.
# Cork Victoria Road railway station

Cork Victoria Road railway station was on the Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway in County Cork, Ireland.

## History

The station opened on 8 June 1850.
Passenger services were withdrawn on 6 February 1873, with the opening of Cork Albert Street railway station.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Terminus | Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway Cork-Crosshaven | Blackrock |
# Costantino Bertolla

Costantino Bertolla (born 17 May 1963) is a former Italian male mountain runner who won 1990 World Mountain Running Championships.

## Biography

He won also one national championships at individual senior level.

## National titles

* Italian Mountain Running Championships
** Mountain running: 1991
# Costoanachis floridana

Costoanachis floridana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails.
# Forefoot

The forefoot is the anterior aspect of the foot, composed of the five metatarsal bones, the fourteen phalanges and associated soft tissue structures. It is a common site of pathology in podiatry, and is the anatomic region involved in such conditions as hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, and Morton's neuroma, among others. In cases of severe deformity, such as in Charcot joints seen with diabetic neuropathy, the forefoot can be reconstructed by arthroplasty.
# Postreplication repair

Postreplication repair is the repair of damage to the DNA that takes place after replication.
Some example genes in humans include:
* BRCA2 and BRCA1
* BLM
* NBS1
Accurate and efficient DNA replication is crucial for the health and survival of all living organisms. Under optimal conditions, the replicative DNA polymerases ε, δ, and α can work in concert to ensure that the genome is replicated efficiently with high accuracy in every cell cycle. However, DNA is constantly challenged by exogenous and endogenous genotoxic threats, including solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Damaged DNA can act as a steric block to replicative polymerases, thereby leading to incomplete DNA replication or the formation of secondary DNA strand breaks at the sites of replication stalling. Incomplete DNA synthesis and DNA strand breaks are both potential sources of genomic instability. An arsenal of DNA repair mechanisms exists to repair various forms of damaged DNA and minimize genomic instability. Most DNA repair mechanisms require an intact DNA strand as template to fix the damaged strand.
DNA damage prevents the normal enzymatic synthesis of DNA by the replication fork. At damaged sites in the genome, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells utilize a number of postreplication repair (PRR) mechanisms to complete DNA replication. Chemically modified bases can be bypassed by either error-prone or error-free translesion polymerases, or through genetic exchange with the sister chromatid. The replication of DNA with a broken sugar-phosphate backbone is most likely facilitated by the homologous recombination proteins that confer resistance to ionizing radiation. The activity of PRR enzymes is regulated by the SOS response in bacteria and may be controlled by the postreplication checkpoint response in eukaryotes.
The elucidation of PRR mechanisms is an active area of molecular biology research, and the terminology is currently in flux. For instance, PRR has recently been referred to as "DNA damage tolerance" to emphasize the instances in which postreplication DNA damage is repaired without removing the original chemical modification to the DNA. While the term PRR has most frequently been used to describe the repair of single-stranded postreplication gaps opposite damaged bases, a more broad usage has been suggested. In this case, the term PRR would encompasses all processes that facilitate the replication of damaged DNA, including those that repair replication-induced double-strand breaks.
Melanoma cells are commonly defective in postreplication repair of DNA damages that are in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, a type of damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. A particular repair process that appears to be defective in melanoma cells is homologous recombinational repair. Defective postreplication repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers can lead to mutations that are the primary driver of melanoma.
# Postage stamps and postal history of Lesotho

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Lesotho, formerly known as Basutoland.

## First stamps (1933)

Stamps of the Cape of Good Hope were used in Basutoland in 1880, then those of South Africa in 1910.
The first stamps of Basutoland were definitive stamps issued in 1933 and were a set of ten stamps all of the same design depicting King George V and the Nile Crocodile against a background of mountains.

## King George V and VI (1935–1949)

Basutoland participated in the British Commonwealth 1935 Silver Jubilee omnibus issues and the 1937 Coronation omnibus. In 1938 a new definitive series was issued based entirely on the first series of King George V but with the head of George VI instead. This series had eleven stamps.
In 1945, Victory stamps of South Africa were overprinted Basutoland.

## Queen Elizabeth (1953–1966)

The first stamp of the new reign was issued on 3 June 1953 and was part of the Coronation omnibus series issued throughout the British Commonwealth. A new definitive was issued on 18 October 1954. The 2d value was surcharged in 1959, and later that year a commemorative set was issued. In 1961 the whole set was surcharged with the new currency - South African rand. The 1954 set was reissued with the new currency inscribed from 1961 to 1963. After that, all the commemorative sets except for one (New Constitution) were omnibus issues. The New Constitution set was inscribed "LESOTHO BASUTOLAND" instead of just "BASUTOLAND".

## Independence (1966–present)

The first stamps of independent Lesotho were issued on 4 October 1966. On 1 November of that year, the 1961–1963 set of Basutoland was overprinted "LESOTHO". In 1979, the currency was changed from South African rand to lisente (s) and maloti (m). In 1980–1981 the then current 1976–1978 definitives were overprinted with the new currency, and this created a wide range of errors (such as surcharge double, albino surcharges, inverted surcharges, etc.) and stamps with second and third different surcharges.
# Postage stamps and postal history of Laos

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Laos.
Laos is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west. Laos traces its history to the Kingdom of Lan Xang or Land of a Million Elephants, which existed from the 14th to the 18th century. After a period as a French protectorate, Laos gained independence in 1953. A long civil war ended officially when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975.

## First stamps

The first stamps of Laos, as an "associated state" within the French Union, were issued on 13 November 1951. Before then stamps of French Indo-China were used.

## Independence

Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy in 1953. On 2 December 1975, Pathet Lao government renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
# Fortsberg

Fortsberg, a fortification overlooking Coral Bay in Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands also known as Frederiksvaern, was built in 1760. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
The preceding fort on the site was seized by slaves in a November 23, 1733, rebellion. The slaves "massacred the garrison and occupied most of the plantations of St. John. The plantation owners fled to Mr. Durlo's plantation, now Caneel Bay, which was fortified and successfully defended. Two attempts by the Danes to supress [sic] the rebellion were unsuccessful. Finally aid was secured from the Governor of Martinique. Four hundred French soldiers encamped near Fortsberg and the rebellion was suppressed after a campaign of six months."
The listing included two contributing structures and one contributing site. The fort is a 120-by-60-foot (37 m × 18 m) structure with high walls and four bastions, built over ruins of an earlier one dating from 1723. Ruins of an unidentified structure are nearby.
The second structure is the ruins of a supporting shore battery, about 1,000 feet (300 m) southeast of the fort. It has a 37-by-54-foot (11 m × 16 m) interior area. As of 1976, five historic cannons survived in the battery, although without their carriages.
The fort was occupied by British military in 1801 and during 1807 to 1815, during the Napoleonic Wars.
* The hill on which Fortsberg is.
* The entrance to Fortsberg.
# Fortschritt

Fortschritt (German for "Progress") was an East German brand of tractors, combine harvesters and other agricultural machines made by VEB Fortschritt (part of the IFA) in Neustadt, Saxony. It was the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer in the nation.
Fortschritt was taken over by Case IH in 1997. Since 2016, Chinese company Fortschritt Agritech Ltd. has been operating as Fortschritt and holds the manufacturing, marketing and sales rights of the Fortschritt brand. They currently produce balers, tipper trailers and windrowers
# Fort Island, Guyana

Fort Island is an island in the Essequibo River located in the Essequibo Islands-West Demerara region of Guyana. It is about 16 kilometres (10 mi) from the mouth of the river, and to the east of Hogg Island. In 1687, a wooden fort was built on the island. In 1744, Fort Zeelandia was constructed and served as the capital of Essequibo, a Dutch colony which is nowadays part of Guyana. In 1752, the Court of Policy was built on the island as the legislative body for the colony.

## History

In 1679, Abraham Beekman, the Dutch Governor of the Essequibo colony, ordered the construction of a wooden fort on the island. At the time, the island was called Flag Island. The capital of the colony was located at Fort Kyk-Over-Al. Laurens Storm van 's Gravesande became Governor of Essequibo in 1743, and ordered the construction of Fort Zeelandia, a brick fort, on the island. The fort was finished in 1744. The fort suffered severe damage during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War.
In 1752, the Court of Policy was built on the island which served as the legislative body for the colony. The Court of Policy is the oldest extant non-military building of Guyana. In 2007, the Dutch Heritage Museum opened in the building. Fort Zeelandia and the Court of Policy were declared a national monument in 1999 and are maintained by the National Trust of Guyana, and are on the UNESCO World Heritage Site tentative list.

## Current situation

The island is inhabited, and was home to 95 people as of 2021. The economy is mainly based on agriculture and fishing. The island has a health centre, but no school. The church on the island has been abandoned.
The ferry from Parika to Bartica makes a stop at Fort Island. In 2021, construction started on a stelling (small harbour) on the island, to improve the access to the island, and encourage tourism.
# County of Vermilion River

The County of Vermilion River is a municipal district located in the eastern part of central Alberta, Canada in Census Division No. 10. The municipal district was formerly named the County of Vermilion River No. 24 prior to an official name change that became effective on September 13, 2006.
The administrative offices of the County of Vermilion River are located at Kitscoty. The Vermilion River flows through the County and is the namesake of the region.
The Yellowhead Highway and Buffalo Trail are major transportation routes in the County. Several communities in the County such as Vermilion and Kitscoty are serviced by CN Rail.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following localities are located within the County of Vermilion River.

#### Localities
## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the County of Vermilion River had a population of 8,043 living in 3,015 of its 3,341 total private dwellings, a change of -4.9% from its 2016 population of 8,453. With a land area of 5,420.13 km$^2$ (2,092.72 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.5/km$^2$ (3.8/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the County of Vermilion River had a population of 8,267 living in 2,981 of its 3,268 total private dwellings, a 4.6% change from its 2011 population of 7,905. With a land area of 5,519.75 km$^2$ (2,131.19 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.5/km$^2$ (3.9/sq mi) in 2016.
The population of the County of Vermilion River according to its 2015 municipal census is 8,116, a 2.7% change from its 2008 municipal census population of 7,900.

## Attractions

Several golf courses are located in the county, among them Lloydminster Golf and Country Club, Lea Park Golf Club, Rolling Green Fairways Golf Course & Campground, Paradise Valley Golf Course and Vermilion Golf Course.
Campgrounds are found at Jubilee Regional Park, Vermilion Provincial Park, Nothing Barred Ranch and Iron River Ranch.
The Vermilion Heritage Museum is located in the town of Vermilion. Other museums include Climbing Through Time Museum in Paradise Valley, Dewberry Valley Museum in Dewberry and Morrison Museum of the Country School in Islay.
The Lea Park Professional Rodeo is held every year in June.
Other recreational activities are hiking in the Vermilion Provincial Park and Nothing Barred Ranch (cross-country skiing in winter), fishing for rainbow trout at the Vermilion Provincial Park Trout Pond or pike and perch at Raft Lake.
# County of Victoria

The County of Victoria is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed by Governor Richard MacDonnell in 1857 and probably named for Queen Victoria. It covers an area of the Spencer Gulf coast and hinterland in the Mid North of the state from Port Pirie in the northwest to near Mount Bryan in the southeast, including most of the Broughton River watershed.

## Hundreds

The county is divided into the following 14 hundreds:
* Hundred of Pirie, established 1874
* Hundred of Wandearah, established 1874
* Hundred of Napperby, established 1874
* Hundred of Crystal Brook, established 1871
* Hundred of Howe, established 1891 (southern part of Wirrabara Forest Reserve)
* Hundred of Booyoolie, established 1871
* Hundred of Narridy, established 1871
* Hundred of Caltowie, established 1871
* Hundred of Yangya, established 1869
* Hundred of Bundaleer, established 1869
* Hundred of Belalie, established 1870
* Hundred of Reynolds, established 1869
* Hundred of Whyte, established 1869
* Hundred of Anne, established 1863
# LEMON (C++ library)

LEMON is an open source graph library written in the C++ language providing implementations of common data structures and algorithms with focus on combinatorial optimization tasks connected mainly with graphs and networks. The library is part of the COIN-OR project.
LEMON is an abbreviation of Library for Efficient Modeling and Optimization in Networks.

## Design

LEMON employs genericity in C++ by using templates. The tools of the library are designed to be versatile, convenient and highly efficient. They can be combined easily to solve complex real-life optimization problems. For example, LEMON’s graphs can differ in many ways (depending on the representation and other specialities), but all have to satisfy one or more graph concepts, which are standardized interfaces to work with the rest of the library.

## Features

LEMON provides
* Graph structures and related tools
* Graph search algorithms
* Shortest path algorithms
* Maximum flow algorithms
* Minimum cost flow algorithms
* Minimum cut algorithms
* Connectivity and other graph properties
* Maximum cardinality and minimum cost perfect matching algorithms
* Minimum cost spanning tree algorithms
* Approximation algorithms
* Auxiliary algorithms
LEMON also contains some metaheuristic optimization tools and provides a general high-level interface for several LP and MIP solvers, such as GLPK, ILOG CPLEX, CLP, CBC, SoPlex.
LEMON has its own graph storing format, the so called Lemon Graph Format and includes general EPS drawing methods and special graph exporting tools.
LEMON also includes several miscellaneous tools. For example, it provides simple tools for measuring the performance of algorithms, which can be used to compare different implementations of the same problem.
# 2019 Centenario Open – Doubles

This was the first edition of the tournament.
Andrea Gámiz and Georgina García Pérez won the title, defeating Anna Danilina and Conny Perrin in the final, 6–4, 3–6, [10–3].

## Seeds

* Laura Pigossi / Luisa Stefani (semifinals)
* Andrea Gámiz / Georgina García Pérez (champions)
* Anna Danilina / Conny Perrin (final)
* Carolina Alves / Gabriela Cé (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | L Pigossi L Stefani | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | H Baptiste M Mateas | 1 | 1 | | 1 | L Pigossi L Stefani | 6 | 2 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Mendez P Udvardy | 6 | 6 | | | S Mendez P Udvardy | 3 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | LF Brítez Risso S Tami-Masi | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | 1 | L Pigossi L Stefani | 5 | 7$^7$ | [6] | | | | | |
| 3 | A Danilina C Perrin | 2 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | 3 | A Danilina C Perrin | 7 | 6$^1$ | [10] | | | | | |
| | C Osorio TG Pedretti | 6 | 6$^5$ | [4] | 3 | A Danilina C Perrin | 6$^5$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Papamichail N Podoroska | 6 | 6 | | | D Papamichail N Podoroska | 7$^7$ | 2 | [4] | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | E Arango L Escauriza | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | A Danilina C Perrin | 4 | 6 | [3] |
| | B Gatica R Pereira | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | A Gámiz G García Pérez | 6 | 3 | [10] |
| WC | A Kiick L Raymond | 6 | 6 | | WC | A Kiick L Raymond | 3 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Cocciaretto S Errani | 2 | 6 | [5] | 4 | C Alves G Cé | 6 | 6$^2$ | [12] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | C Alves G Cé | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | 4 | C Alves G Cé | 7 | 6$^3$ | [8] | | | | | |
| | I Burillo Escorihuela AS Sánchez | 5 | 6$^3$ | | | | | | | 2 | A Gámiz G García Pérez | 5 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | |
| | V Grammatikopoulou R Zarazúa | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | V Grammatikopoulou R Zarazúa | 5 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Sherif M Stokke | 6 | 4 | [5] | 2 | A Gámiz G García Pérez | 7 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | A Gámiz G García Pérez | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# L'Olimpiade (disambiguation)

L'Olimpiade is a libretto by Pietro Metastasio for an opera composed by Antonio Caldara
L'Olimpiade may also refer to:
* L'Olimpiade (Vivaldi) an opera composed by Antonio Vivaldi
* L'Olimpiade (Galuppi) an opera composed by Baldassare Galuppi
* L'Olimpiade (Pergolesi) an opera composed by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
* L'Olimpiade (Mysliveček) an opera composed by Josef Mysliveček
* L'Olimpiade (Orlandini) [es] an opera composed by Giuseppe María Orlandini
# Fourtou (surname)

Fourtou is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Janelly Fourtou (born 1939), French member of the European Parliament
* Jean-René Fourtou (born 1939), French business executive
* Oscar Bardi de Fourtou (1836–1897), French politician