OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hardenability

Hardenability is the depth to which a steel is hardened after putting it through a heat treatment process. It should not be confused with hardness, which is a measure of a sample's resistance to indentation or scratching. It is an important property for welding, since it is inversely proportional to weldability, that is, the ease of welding a material.

## Process

When a hot steel work-piece is quenched, the area in contact with the water immediately cools and its temperature equilibrates with the quenching medium. The inner depths of the material however, do not cool so rapidly, and in work-pieces that are large, the cooling rate may be slow enough to allow the austenite to transform fully into a structure other than martensite or bainite. This results in a work-piece that does not have the same crystal structure throughout its entire depth; with a softer core and harder "shell". The softer core is some combination of ferrite and cementite, such as pearlite.
The hardenability of ferrous alloys, i.e. steels, is a function of the carbon content and other alloying elements and the grain size of the austenite. The relative importance of the various alloying elements is calculated by finding the equivalent carbon content of the material.
The fluid used for quenching the material influences the cooling rate due to varying thermal conductivities and specific heats. Substances like brine and water cool the steel much more quickly than oil or air. If the fluid is agitated cooling occurs even more quickly. The geometry of the part also affects the cooling rate: of two samples of equal volume, the one with higher surface area will cool faster.

## Testing

The hardenability of a ferrous alloy is measured by a Jominy test: a round metal bar of standard size (indicated in the top image) is transformed to 100% austenite through heat treatment, and is then quenched on one end with room-temperature water. The cooling rate will be highest at the end being quenched, and will decrease as distance from the end increases. Subsequent to cooling a flat surface is ground on the test piece and the hardenability is then found by measuring the hardness along the bar. The farther away from the quenched end that the hardness extends, the higher the hardenability. This information is plotted on a hardenability graph.
The Jominy end-quench test was invented by Walter E. Jominy (1893-1976) and A.L. Boegehold, metallurgists in the Research Laboratories Division of General Motors Corp., in 1937. For his pioneering work in heat treating, Jominy was recognized by the American Society for Metals (ASM) with its Albert Sauveur Achievement Award in 1944. Jominy served as president of ASM in 1951.
# María Betancourt

María Betancourt is the name of:
* María Betancourt (diver) (born 1994), Venezuelan diver
* María Cristina Betancourt (born 1947), Cuban discus thrower
# Marja Timmermans

Marja Timmermans (born 1964) is a Dutch plant geneticist. Her research focuses on how leaves in plants develop on a molecular biological level.
Timmermans studied biology at Rutgers University and Yale University. From 1998 she was affiliated with the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, where she became an assistant professor in 2001 and a full professor in 2009. In 2015 she received a Humboldt Professorship and moved to the University of Tübingen.
In 2020 she was elected as a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
# Hoary fox

The hoary fox or hoary zorro (Lycalopex vetulus), also known as raposinha-do-campo in Brazil (Portuguese for "little fox of the meadow"), is a species of zorro or "false" fox endemic to Brazil. Unlike many other foxes, it feeds primarily on small invertebrates such as insects.

## Description

The hoary fox has a short muzzle, small teeth, a short coat, and slender limbs. The upper part of the body is grey, and the underside of the body is cream or fawn. The tail is black on the tip with a marked dark stripe along the upper surface, which in male animals may extend all the way along the back to the nape of the neck. The ears and outside part of the legs are reddish or tawny, and the lower jaw is black. Some melanistic individuals have also been reported.
It is small for a fox, weighing only 3 to 4 kg (6.6 to 8.8 lb), with a head and body length of 58 to 72 cm (23 to 28 in), and a tail 25 to 36 cm (9.8 to 14.2 in). Together with its slender form, the small size of the hoary fox makes it an agile and fast-running animal, while its relatively weak teeth adapt it to feeding on invertebrates, rather than larger prey.

## Behaviour and diet

Hoary foxes are nocturnal, and largely solitary outside of the breeding season. They mainly eat insects, especially termites, dung beetles, and grasshoppers, but also may eat rodents, small birds, and fruit. Individuals have widely varying home ranges, depending on the local environment and reported examples are as follows: 385 ha (950 acres) for 1 adult female in southern Bahia, 456 ha (1,130 acres) for a group consisting of an adult breeding pair and 5 juvenile offspring in a pasture of Minas Gerais, and 48 ha (120 acres) for 2 breeding pairs out of 3 study groups from pastures in eastern Mato Grosso.

## Range

The hoary fox is endemic to Brazil and its geographic distribution is associated with the limits of the Cerrado ecosystem, in an altitude range of 90–1,100 mm. However, it can also be found in transition zones, including open habitats in the Pantanal. The occurrence of the hoary fox in areas of the Atlantic Forest is in a matrix of anthropogenic pastures, regionally interspersed by remnants of semideciduous forest and small patches of Cerrado.
The current extension extends from the northeast and west of São Paulo to the north of Piauí, passing through the states of Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Tocantins, Bahia and probably open regions in the south of the states of Rondônia.

## Reproduction

Females usually give birth to two to four pups in August to September, after a gestation period around 50 days. The sex ratio of the pups is equal between males and females. The female prepares a den in which to give birth, sometimes using the burrows of other animals. Weaning occurs around 4 months of age. Both parent participate in rearing of the pups.
# Aufhausen (bei Erding) station

Aufhausen (bei Erding) station is a railway station in the Aufhausen district of the municipality of Erding, located in the Erding district in Upper Bavaria, Germany.
# Somewhere I've Never Travelled

Somewhere I've Never Travelled is the second album by Ambrosia, and their final album on 20th Century Fox Records, released in 1976. The 1st pressings of the vinyl LP were issued in a custom "pyramid" cover, having 3 fold-out panels that turned the cover into a Pyramid.
The album peaked at #79 on the Billboard 200. None of its singles charted on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Personnel
### Ambrosia

* David Pack – guitar, lead and backing vocals, keyboards
* Christopher North – keyboards, backing vocals
* Joe Puerta – bass, lead and backing vocals
* Burleigh Drummond – drums, lead and backing vocals, percussion, bassoon

### Additional musicians

* Ruth Underwood – marimba
* Andrew Powell – orchestration (Tracks 3, 8, 10)
* Ian Underwood – saxophone
* Daniel Kobialka – violin

### Production

* Producer: Alan Parsons
* Engineers: Alan Parsons, Tom Trefethen
* Photography: Ed Caraeff Studio

## Charts
### Album

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1976 | Billboard 200 | 79 |
# Girolamo Piccolomini

Girolamo Piccolomini may refer to:
* Girolamo Piccolomini (senior), Roman Catholic prelate
* Girolamo Piccolomini (junior) (died 1535), Roman Catholic prelate
# Kovenhoven

The Kovenhoven House or Corneles Couwenhoven House is located in Holmdel Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1699 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 26, 1974.
# Riantana language

Riantana, or Kimaam, is a language spoken on Yos Sudarso Island in Papua province, Indonesia.

## Phonology

Riantana phonemic inventory:
Consonants :
| | | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | | n | | | ŋ |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | | t | ʈ | c | k |
| Plosive | voiced | b | d̪ | d | | ɟ | ɡ |
| Plosive | prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd̪ | ⁿd | | ᶮɟ | ᵑɡ |
| Fricative | Fricative | β | | | | | ɣ |
| Trill | Trill | | | r | | | |
| Glide | Glide | w | | | | j | |
Vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | | u |
| Close-mid | | ə | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ |
| Open | | a | |
# Hans H. Bass

Hans Heinrich Bass (born 1 April 1954) is a German Economist and Economic Historian and professor at the City University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany.
Bass obtained his M. A. in Economics and his PhD in Economics and Social Sciences under the supervision of Richard H. Tilly from the University of Münster, Germany.
Bass was Senior Lecturer at the Small Enterprise Promotion and Training Programme (sept) of the University of Bremen, Assistant Professor at the Institute of World Economics and International Management (East Asia Department and Africa Department), University of Bremen and Visiting Professor at Tongji University (Shanghai, China), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xi'an, China), Aichi University (Toyohashi, Japan), the National Center for Management and Administration (Ibadan, Nigeria), Russian Foreign Trade Academy (Moscow, Russia), and at the University of Benin (Benin City, Nigeria).
He is co-editor of the African Development Perspectives Yearbook and has served as an advisor to various international organizations including United Nations Industrial Development Organisation and non-governmental organizations (NGO), including Deutsche Welthungerhilfe und foodwatch.
His research interests include International Economics, SME Economics, Development Economics, and Economic History.
# Erbessa umbrifera

Erbessa umbrifera is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Brazil.
# Yvonne Pokorny

Yvonne Pokorny, later surname: Pal, is an Austrian former competitive figure skater. She is the 1992 Karl Schäfer Memorial bronze medalist and a five-time Austrian national champion. She placed 12th at the 1989 European Championships and 13th at the 1989 World Championships. In 2006, she was listed as an International Technical Specialist for Austria.

## Competitive highlights

International :
| Event | 86–87 | 87–88 | 88–89 | 89–90 | 90–91 | 91–92 | 92–93 |
| World Champ. | 20th | 18th | 13th | | | | |
| European Champ. | 14th | 20th | 12th | 16th | | | |
| NHK Trophy | | | | 12th | | | |
| Prague Skate | | 2nd | | | | | |
| Prize of Moscow News | 11th | 8th | | | | | |
| Schäfer Memorial | | | | | | | 3rd |
| National ||||||||
| Austrian Champ. | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 2nd |
# The Cheese Shop, Louth

The Cheese Shop, Louth is an artisan delicatessen situated in Louth, England, known for its large selection of artisan foods, especially cheese. The Cheese Shop has been featured in national newspapers such as The Daily Telegraph and its magazine and The Guardian, local radio and television on BBC Lincolnshire and BBC Look North, and national television episodes in The Hairy Bikers' Food Tour of Britain.
The shop supplies public houses and restaurants in the surrounding area, and stocks locally produced cheeses, including Lincolnshire Poacher and Lincolnshire Red, and Cote Hill Blue and Yellow cheeses.
In 2011 The Cheese Shop won the food category in "The Best Small Food Shops in Britain Awards", run by Mary Portas and The Daily Telegraph, being chosen out of a shortlist of three by The Daily Telegraph's food columnist Rose Prince.

## Awards

* Included in Rose Prince's Good Food Producers Guide 2010
* Voted number 1 in "The Best Small Shops in Britain Awards" in the food category, by The Daily Telegraph, in association with Mary Portas and Rose Prince
# Augusta, Knoxville and Greenwood Railroad

The Augusta, Knoxville and Greenwood Railroad (AK&G) was a South Carolina railroad company chartered shortly after the end of the Reconstruction period.
In May 1877, the Greenwood and Augusta Railroad was incorporated into and became a branch of the AK&G. In February 1878, it was reported that the company had completed grading on 8 miles (13 km) of right-of-way beginning at Greenwood, South Carolina, with the goal of building a line to Knoxville, Tennessee. On May 8, 1878, the AK&G board awarded a contract to Wm. D. Grant of Atlanta to grade the next section of the line from Augusta to Walton's Island and to bridge across Warren's Canal. The groundbreaking ceremony for this next section was held on May 25, 1878. By June 1878, grading had proceeded such that they had expected to grade 4 miles (6.4 km) of right-of-way in a month. At the AK&G's second annual meeting of stockholders, it was announced that grading work continued through to June 10, 1879, with the last sections expected to be completed by December 20, and the actual cost of construction so far had come in about $17,600 under budget; additionally, progress on the bridge piers and abutments at the Savannah River was positively reported.
In 1880 the AK&G was consolidated with the Augusta and Knoxville Railroad. By the time of the acquisition, the AK&G had graded 35 miles (56 km) of right-of-way. Following the merger, the new company was called the Augusta and Knoxville Railroad.
# Hoyt Radio Tower

Hoyt Radio Tower is the tallest man-made structure in Colorado and one of the tallest structures in the world. Hoyt Radio Tower is a 608.1-metre (1,995 ft) tall guyed mast near Hoyt, Colorado (50 km east-northeast of Denver).
It was built in 2003 by Acme Towers, LLC, and is currently owned and operated by Pillar of Fire for FM-broadcasting, stations KSRC and KFCO, as well as emergency services. Unlike shorter towers, which are painted red and white in seven alternating bands for aircraft warning, the Hoyt Radio Tower is unpainted and uses strobe lights for aircraft warning.
The Hoyt Radio Tower's basement is situated 1,509 metres (4,951 ft) above sea level, making it not only one of the world's tallest structures but also one of the few supertall structures in the world whose basement is situated at an altitude over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).
# Sompur

Sompur is a village in the Koppal district of Karnataka state, India.

## Demographics

Per the 2011 Census of India, Sompur has a total population of 1677; of whom 860 are male and 817 female.
# Girolamo Pellizoni

Giuseppe Pellizoni, also called il Crescini, (1688–18th-century) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Cremona and Lombardy as a quadratura painter.

## Biography

He was born in Casalmaggiore, near Cremona. He was trained with Francesco Chiozzi. One of his pupils was Giuseppe Natali. He painted a canvas of Saints Biagio, Luca, and Pietro (1670) for the church of San Giovanni in Casalmaggiore. and for the church of Sant'Andrea in Mantua.
# Lacuna (gastropod)

Lacuna is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

## Description

The spiral animal body is elongated. The mouth has a proboscis with two thick lips and a spiral, filiform tongue. There are two slender, contractile tentacles with the eyes on small pedicels near their base. The foot is oval and somewhat broader behind.
The thin shell has an ovate-conical or subglobose shape and is covered with a delicate horny periostracum. It has a short spire with convex whorls that are rapidly expanding. The last whorl is ventricose, i.e. inflated in the middle. The apex is rather obtuse. The oval or roundish aperture is covered with a horny, spirally marked operculum. The peristome is incomplete behind. The columella is flattened and forms with the peristome an elongated groove continued from the umbilicus. This groove is bounded internally by the decurved margin of the pillar.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Lacuna:
* Lacuna amaina Cossmann, 1888 †
* Lacuna carinifera A. Adams, 1853
* Lacuna cleicecabrale Barros, 1994
* Lacuna crassior (Montagu, 1803)
* Lacuna decorata A. Adams, 1861
* Lacuna dialyta Cossmann, 1896 †
* Lacuna dutemplii Deshayes, 1861 †
* Lacuna globulosa Deshayes, 1861 †
* Lacuna grandis Cossmann, 1902 †
* Lacuna houdasi Cossmann, 1913 †
* Lacuna latifasciata A. Adams, 1863
* Lacuna lepidula A. Adams, 1863
* Lacuna lukinii (Golikov & Gulbin, 1978)
* Lacuna macrostoma Deshayes, 1861 †
* Lacuna marmorata Dall, 1919
* Lacuna minor (Dall, 1919)
* Lacuna orientalis (Golikov & Kussakin, 1985)
* Lacuna pallidula (da Costa, 1778)
* Lacuna parva (da Costa, 1778)
* Lacuna porrecta P. P. Carpenter, 1864
* Lacuna pulchella Deshayes, 1861 †
* Lacuna pumilio E. A. Smith, 1890
* Lacuna reflexa Dall, 1884
* Lacuna sigaretina Deshayes, 1861 †
* Lacuna smithii Pilsbry, 1895
* Lacuna succinea S. S. Berry, 1953
* Lacuna sulcifera Cossmann, 1896 †
* Lacuna turgida Deshayes, 1861 †
* Lacuna turneri (Dall, 1886)
* Lacuna turrita A. Adams, 1861
* Lacuna uchidai (Habe, 1953)
* Lacuna unifasciata Carpenter, 1857
* Lacuna vaginata (Dall, 1918)
* Lacuna variegata Carpenter, 1864
* Lacuna vincta (Montagu, 1803)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Lacuna abyssicola Melvill & Standen, 1912: synonym of Moelleriopsis poppei Engl, 2012
* Lacuna azonata Locard, 1886: synonym of Megalomphalus azoneus (Brusina, 1865)
* Lacuna carinata Gould, 1848: synonym of Lacuna vincta (Montagu, 1803)
* Lacuna cossmanni Locard, 1897 : synonym of Benthobia tryonii Dall, 1889
* Lacuna macmurdensis Hedley, 1911 : synonym of Trilirata macmurdensis (Hedley, 1911)
* Lacuna mediterranea Monterosato, 1869 : synonym of Ersilia mediterranea (Monterosato, 1869)
* Lacuna neritoidea Gould, 1840 : synonym of Lacuna pallidula (da Costa, 1778)
* Lacuna notorcadensis Melvill & Standen, 1907: synonym of Laevilitorina wandelensis (Lamy, 1905)
* Lacuna pallidula var. patula Hanley in Thorpe, 1844: synonym of Lacuna pallidula (da Costa, 1778)
* Lacuna puteolus (Turton, 1819) : synonym of Lacuna parva (da Costa, 1778)
# Rians

Rians may refer to the following places in France:
* Rians, Cher, a commune in the department of Cher
* Rians, Var, a commune in the department of Var
# Lewis's tuco-tuco

Lewis's tuco-tuco (Ctenomys lewisi) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae. It is endemic to Bolivia.
# Epiwubana

Epiwubana is a monotypic genus of South American dwarf spiders containing the single species, Epiwubana jucunda. It was first described by Alfred Frank Millidge in 1991, and has only been found in Chile.
# Yosemitia fieldiella

Yosemitia fieldiella is a species of snout moth in the genus Yosemitia. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1913. It is found in the US states of California and Arizona.
# Yttersjö

Yttersjö is a locality situated in Umeå Municipality, Västerbotten County, Sweden with 384 inhabitants in 2010.
# Sommauthe

Sommauthe (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
# Sir John Glynne's Canal

53°10′16″N 2°56′46″W﻿ / ﻿53.171°N 2.946°W﻿ / 53.171; -2.946
vteSir John Glynne's Canal :
Legend :
Sir John Glynne's Canal was a canal in England built by Sir John Glynne. It ran from Saltney, just outside Chester to Bretton, a distance of about one mile. It was built about 1768, and was in use until 1779. It was used for the transportation of coal from mines in Flintshire into Chester.
# Song Ji-hyo's Beauty View

Song Ji-hyo's Beauty View (Korean: 송지효의 뷰티뷰), is a South Korean television program on JTBC2 hosted by Song Ji-hyo, Gong Myung and beauty editor Kim Mi Gu. The show provides a perfect beauty guide to match the personal preference. It used to air every Thursday at 9.20pm KST on JTBC2.

## Format

Ordinary people are invited as the makeup models on the show. The professional makeup artist uses her brushes and works wonders to show viewers about the fascinating beauty world.

## List of Episodes

| Episode | Air date | Topic | Featured guest(s) |
| 1 | January 19 | Rose makeup | Cha Eun-woo, Moon Bin (Astro) |
| 2 | January 26 | Enhance your hidden features | Jung Chae-yeon, Ki Hui-hyeon (DIA) |
| 3 | February 2 | Make your skin glow | Kim Jisook |
| 4 | February 9 | Speed is necessary to be pretty | Lee Mi-joo, Jung Ye-in (Lovelyz) |
| 5 | February 16 | The real tips of idol makeup | Cheng Xiao, Eunseo (Cosmic Girls) |
| 6 | February 23 | Chemistry matters in skincare products | Hyojung, Jiho (Oh My Girl) |
| 7 | March 2 | Men also need beauty care | Kim Him-chan, Yoo Young-jae (B.A.P) |
| 8 | March 9 | T.P.O Makeup that's always necessary | Kang Ji-young, Jo Soo-ae |
| 9 | March 16 | Makeup to match your age | Park Kyungri |
| 10 | March 23 | Personal colors | Kyung Soo-jin |
# Greg Salata

Gregory Salata (born July 21, 1949) is an American actor who first came to prominence in the 1975 film Deadly Hero. He is an actor, known for Weekend at Bernie's, The Pink Panther and Rock & Rule.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1975 | Deadly Hero | N/A | |
| 1982 | Girls Nite Out | Hagen | |
| 1983 | Rock & Rule | Omar | Voice role |
| 1983 | Ryan's Hope | Stanley Bosworth | TV series; 2 episodes |
| 1984-1988 | Kate & Allie | Ted Bartelo | TV series; 13 episodes |
| 1986 | Rockabye | Cab Driver #2 | Television film |
| 1986 | The Night They Saved Christmas | Michael Baldwin | Television film |
| 1986 | Comedy Factory | Tom | TV series; episode "Hearts of Steel" |
| 1986 | Spenser: For Hire | Frank Scanlon | TV series; episode "Home Is the Hero" |
| 1987 | Leg Work | Eddie Randazzo | TV series; episode "The Best Couple I Know" |
| 1989 | Mother's Day | N/A | Television film |
| 1989 | Weekend at Bernie's | Marty, Vito's Assistant | |
| 1991 | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze | Promoter | |
| 1991 | Dear John | Mitch | TV series; 4 episodes |
| 1994 | NYPD Blue | Medical Examiner | TV series; episode "Rockin' Robin" |
| 1997 | The Devil's Own | Tony | |
| 2001 | Law & Order | Lieutenant Braschi | TV series; episode "Judge Dread" |
| 2003 | Little Kings | Uncle Mike | |
| 2003 | Manhunt | Hoods | Video game |
| 2006 | The Pink Panther | Security Chief | |
# Strellc i Ulët

Strellc i Ulët (in Albanian) or Donji Streoc (Serbian Cyrillic: Доњи Стреоц), is a village in the Deçan municipality of western Kosovo, located between Deçan and Peć along the mountainous border with Albania. The majority of inhabitants are ethnic Albanians.