# Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (constituency)

The Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency (Chinese: 建築、測量、都市規劃及園境界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was first created in 1985 as Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985 as one of the original 12 functional constituency seats. The constituency was divided into Engineering and Architectural, Surveying and Planning in 1991. In the 2016 election, the constituency was changed to its current name when the landscape architects were added to the electorates.
The constituency is composed of architects, landscape architects, surveyors, and planners and the members of Hong Kong Institute of Architects, Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects, Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors, and Hong Kong Institute of Planners entitled to vote at the general meetings of the associations. As of 2020, there are 9,096 registered voters. It is one of the few swing seats contested between the pro-Beijing and pro-democracy camps. It was first won by independent democrat Yiu Chung-yim in 2016 in a three-way contest against two pro-Beijing candidates, defeating pro-Beijing incumbent Tony Tse, but was soon disqualified for his oath-taking manner from the office. The vacancy was taken up by Tony Tse in the 2018 by-election.

## Composition

The architectural, surveying, planning and landscape functional constituency is composed of—
* architects registered under the Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408); and
* members of The Hong Kong Institute of Architects entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
* landscape architects registered under the Landscape Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 516); and
* members of The Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
* professional surveyors registered under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 517); and
* members of The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
* professional planners registered under the Planners Registration Ordinance (Cap. 418); and
* members of The Hong Kong Institute of Planners entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute.

## Return members
### Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning (1985–1991)

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 1985 | Cheng Hon-kwan | Nonpartisan |
| | 1988 | Cheng Hon-kwan | Nonpartisan |

### Architectural, Surveying and Planning (1991–2016)

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 1991 | Edward Ho | BPF→Liberal |
| | 1995 | Edward Ho |
| Not represented in the PLC (1997–1998) ||||
| | 1998 | Edward Ho | Liberal |
| | 2000 | Kaizer Lau | Nonpartisan |
| | 2004 | Patrick Lau | Nonpartisan→Alliance |
| | 2008 | Patrick Lau | Alliance→Professional Forum |
| | 2012 | Tony Tse | Independent |

### Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (2016–present)

| Election | Member | Party |
| 2016 | Edward Yiu | Nonpartisan |
| 2018 (b) | Tony Tse | Nonpartisan |
| 2021 | Tony Tse | Nonpartisan |

## Electoral results
### 2020s

2021 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 2,266 | 68.07 | +12.53 |
| | Nonpartisan | Chan Chak-bun | 1,063 | 31.93 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,203 | 36.14 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 3,329 | 100.00 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 163 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,492 | 38.28 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,123 | | |
| | Nonpartisan hold | Nonpartisan hold | Swing | | |

### 2010s

2018 Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 2,929 | 55.54 | +20.51 |
| | Independent | Paulus Johannes Zimmerman | 2,345 | 44.46 | +1.02 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 584 | 11.08 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 5,274 | 100.00 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 118 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,392 | 70.77 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,619 | | |
| | Nonpartisan gain from Nonpartisan | Nonpartisan gain from Nonpartisan | Swing | | |
2016 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Yiu Chung-yim | 2,491 | 43.44 | |
| | Independent | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 2,009 | 35.03 | −0.17 |
| | Nonpartisan | Bernard Vincent Lim Wan-fung | 1,235 | 21.35 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 482 | 8.41 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 5,735 | 100.00 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 93 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,828 | 79.07 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 7,371 | | |
| | Independent hold | Independent hold | Swing | | |
2012 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Tony Tse Wai-chuen | 1,668 | 35.20 | |
| | Independent | Patrick Lau Sau-shing | 1,607 | 33.91 | −3.36 |
| | Democratic | Stanley Ng Wing-fai | 1,464 | 30.89 | +12.32 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 61 | 1.29 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 4,739 | 100.00 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 211 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,950 | 73.00 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,781 | | |
| | Independent hold | Independent hold | Swing | | |

### 2000s

2008 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Patrick Lau Sau-shing | 1,429 | 37.27 | +8.91 |
| | Nonpartisan | Yu Kam-hung | 1,241 | 32.37 | |
| | Democratic | Stanley Ng Wing-fai | 712 | 18.57 | +5.34 |
| | Nonpartisan | Chan Yiu-fai | 383 | 9.99 | −2.94 |
| | Independent | Chan Chan-fai | 69 | 1.80 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 188 | 4.90 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 3,834 | 100.00 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 125 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,959 | 64.41 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 6,147 | | |
| | Nonpartisan hold | Nonpartisan hold | Swing | | |
2004 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent | Patrick Lau Sau-shing | 1,130 | 28.36 | |
| | Independent | Kenneth Chan Jor-kin | 649 | 16.29 | |
| | Nonpartisan | Kaizer Lau Ping-cheung | 616 | 15.46 | −24.42 |
| | Independent | Roger Anthony Nissim | 547 | 13.73 | |
| | Democratic | Stanley Ng Wing-fai | 527 | 13.23 | |
| | Independent | Chan Yiu-fai | 515 | 12.93 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 481 | 12.04 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 3,984 | 100.00 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 75 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,059 | 79.34 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,116 | | |
| | Independent gain from Nonpartisan | Independent gain from Nonpartisan | Swing | | |
2000 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | Kaizer Lau Ping-cheung | 938 | 39.88 |
| | Nonpartisan | Law Kin-chung | 767 | 32.61 |
| | Liberal | Edward Ho Sing-tin | 647 | 27.51 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 171 | 7.27 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 2,352 | 100.00 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 60 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,412 | 63.29 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 3,811 | |
| | Nonpartisan gain from Liberal | Nonpartisan gain from Liberal | Swing | |

### 1990s

1998 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Edward Ho Sing-tin | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 3,218 | | |
| | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) | Liberal win (new seat) |
1995 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Edward Ho Sing-tin | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,878 | | |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | | |
1991 Legislative Council election: Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BPF | Edward Ho Sing-tin | 552 | 53.70 |
| | LDF | Lau Siu-kwan | 246 | 23.93 |
| | NHKA | Kan Fook-yee | 136 | 13.23 |
| | Nonpartisan | Po Luk-kei | 94 | 9.14 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 306 | 29.77 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 1,028 | 100.00 |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 11 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,039 | 70.16 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,481 | |
| | BPF hold | BPF hold | Swing | |

### 1980s

1988 Legislative Council election: Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Cheng Hon-kwan | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| | Nonpartisan hold | Nonpartisan hold | Swing | | |
1985 Legislative Council election: Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Nonpartisan | Cheng Hon-kwan | 1,129 | 41.83 | |
| | Nonpartisan | Raymond Ho Chung-tai | 1,074 | 39.79 | |
| | Nonpartisan | To Leung-tak | 496 | 18.38 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 55 | 2.04 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 2,699 | 100.00 | |
| | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) | Nonpartisan win (new seat) |