OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pronator drift

In medicine, pronator drift (also known as pyramidal drift) refers to a pathologic sign seen during a neurological examination. Jean Alexandre Barré is credited with having first described it; thus it is sometimes known as the Barré test or sign. A positive result indicates palsy. This sign can appear due to an upper motor neuron lesion or various other conditions (including inborn errors of metabolism) which include palsy as a symptom.

## Description

Assessing for pronator drift helps to detect mild upper limb weakness in a patient who's awake and able to follow directions. Ask the patient to close the eyes, then to stretch out both arms in the appropriate position: Flex the shoulder joint to 90 degrees (45 degrees, if supine) and fully extend the elbow joint. The palms should be facing up (supinated). The patient should maintain this position for 20 to 30 seconds. Observe both arms. If the motor pathway is intact, the arms should remain in this position equally. Patients with a slight weakness in one arm won't be able to keep the affected arm raised, and ultimately the palm may begin to pronate (palm facing down). Pronator drift indicates abnormal function of the corticospinal tract in the contralateral hemisphere. In some patients, the arm may remain supinated but drop lower than the unaffected arm, and the fingers and elbow might flex.
The patient is asked to hold both arms at 90 degree flexion and elbows fully extended at shoulder level in front of them, with the palms upwards, and hold the position. If they are unable to maintain the position the result is positive. Closing the eyes accentuates the effect, because the brain is deprived of visual information about the position of the body and must rely on proprioception. Tapping on the palm of the outstretched hands can accentuate the effect.

### Interpretation

This is a test of upper motor neuron disease.
If a forearm pronates, with or without downward motion, then the person is said to have pronator drift on that side reflecting a contralateral pyramidal tract lesion. In the presence of an upper motor neuron lesion, the supinator muscles in the upper limb are weaker than the pronator muscles, and as a result, the arm drifts downward and the palm turns toward the floor. A lesion in the ipsilateral cerebellum or ipsilateral dorsal column usually produces a drift upward, along with slow pronation of the wrist and elbow.
# Eckartsberg

Eckartsberg is a settlement in the municipality of Dunkelsteinerwald in Melk District, Lower Austria in northeastern Austria.
# Dhanush (disambiguation)

Dhanush (born 1983) is an Indian Tamil film actor, director and writer.
Dhanush may also refer to:
* Dhanus (disambiguation), several entities in ancient Indian culture
* Dhanush (missile), a missile developed by the Indian Navy
* Dhanush (howitzer), an artillery piece used by the Indian Army
* Aishwarya R. Dhanush (born 1982), Indian film director
* Inspector Dhanush, a 1991 Indian film
# Badjcinus

Badjcinus is an extinct thylacinid marsupial. It is the earliest and most primitive known thylacinid, living 23 to 28 million years ago in the late Oligocene.
The generic name combines the Wanyi Aboriginal language "badj", 'expert hunter', and a word from Ancient Greek "kynos", meaning 'dog', from which the Thylacinidae name was originally derived. The specific epithet was proposed by the authors to honour the contributions of William D. Turnbull to palaeontology.
Badjcinus was quite small, averaging 5.2 pounds (2.4 kg) in weight. It was a carnivore, probably eating small vertebrates and insects, as living Dasyurus species do today. The fossils were found at Riversleigh in north-west Queensland, Australia. Since other animals at Riversleigh were rainforest species, it is possible that B. turnbulli was arboreal, like Dasyurus maculatus.
# Elattoneura nigra

Elattoneura nigra is a species of damselfly in the family Platycnemididae known commonly as the black threadtail. It is native to Central Africa, where it is widespread. It lives along streams and rivers.
# Yeşilyayla, Çorum

Yeşilyayla is a village in the Çorum District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 60 (2022).
# Yeşilyayla, Kemaliye

Yeşilyayla is a village in the Kemaliye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. Its population is 15 (2022).
# Yeşilyayla, Çameli

Yeşilyayla is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çameli, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 276 (2022).
# Mardenborough

Mardenborough is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jann Mardenborough (born 1991), English racing driver
* Steve Mardenborough (born 1964), English footballer
# York University Faculty Association

The York University Faculty Association (YUFA) is the professional association and trade union for full-time faculty, librarians, archivists and post-doctoral visitors at York University in Toronto, Ontario. Faculty at Osgoode Hall Law School are not members; they are in the smaller Osgoode Hall Faculty Association.

## History

The York University Faculty Association was founded in the fall of 1962 during disagreements on campus over the leadership of Murray Ross, then president of York. Though it was not a union, it threatened some job actions in the 1960s, and in 1972 worked to defend its members in the face of threatened budget cuts because of a financial crisis.
YUFA became a union and certified bargaining agent in 1976, in the "first wave of faculty unionization" in Canada. It was the fourth faculty union in Ontario. A "key figure" was historian J. L. Granatstein, who was "determined to help turn YUFA into a certified bargaining agent" when he became its chair in 1975. Some faculty, especially at the law school, challenged the certification; Granatstein found this "frustrating" and resigned early in 1977 before his term was finished. In January 1977 the Ontario Supreme Court dismissed the attempt to have the certification quashed.

## Structure and governance

YUFA's elected officers comprise the president, two vice-presidents, two chief stewards, two equity officers, the communications officer, the treasurer, and the recording secretary. They and some others sit on the executive committee.
Recognized causes include the Disability Caucus, Indigenous Caucus, Indigenous Queer Caucus, Queer Caucus, and Race Equity Caucus.
YUFA staff are members of CUPE Local 1281.

## Strikes

YUFA has had two strikes. The first began on 8 October 1985, where the main issues were compensation and mandatory retirement. It ended after only two days.
The second began on 20 March 1997 and lasted fifty-five days, making it the longest academic strike in English Canada to that time. The main issues were compensation, workload and class sizes, equity, and the ability to work past the normal retirement age of 65, a right that York eliminated the year before. On 13 May the membership voted 75% in favour of a deal, and returned to work the next day. Some members with low retirement income would be able to work up to age 69. The administration could name "distinguished" faculty who could work past 65. Within a few years this issue became moot, when mandatory retirement rules were eliminated in Ontario. Historian Michiel Horn says in his history York University: The Way Must Be Tried that the strike "created major problems for students and damaged York’s reputation."
There have been several other labour disruptions at York. In the 2018 York University strike it was CUPE 3093 (contract faculty, teaching assistants and graduate assistants) who were on strike, not YUFA, but it "caused tensions between on campus between the administration and CUPE 3903 and the York University Faculty Association."
# Marguerite Philippe

Marguerite Philippe (Breton Marc'harid Fulup 12 August 1837 Pluzunet - 14 January 1909), was a beggar from the province of Trégor in Brittany, and a storyteller in the Breton language.

## Life

She was illiterate, but endowed with a prodigious memory; she knew about 150 songs ("gwerz") and a large quantity of tales and stories of all kinds, which she had begun to learn from her parents.
She was handicapped, and she could not work with her hands. She also earned her living by attending pilgrimages to Léon and Cornouaille, and by making pilgrimages by proxy, notably to Sainte-Anne-d'Auray or the Tro Breizh, for those who paid her.
On 6 November 1875, she married René Salaün.
Many of the songs and tales they knew were collected by François-Marie Luzel, and published in his works.

## Legacy

Her tomb, in the cemetery of Pluzunet, was sculpted by Yves Hernot. In 1898, Ange M. Mosher, an American patron of Breton culture, commissioned a monument to her memory, in Pluzunet with Anatole Le Braz and other Breton regionalists.
Her statue, by Morley Troman [fr], is located in the square of Pluzunet. A street in Quimper, and a street in Lannion, is named for her. Henri Vincenot [fr] described Marguerite Philippe in his novel L'Œuvre de chair.
# Elderberry Forebay

Elderberry Forebay is a small reservoir in Los Angeles County, California, which serves as the pumping forebay of the Castaic Power Plant. It located at the upper end of the larger Castaic Lake and is separated from the lake by Elderberry Forebay Dam at its southern edge. Entering the northern end of the forebay is the west branch of the California Aqueduct, which connects the forebay to Pyramid Lake through the Angeles Tunnel.
A component of the California State Water Project, the reservoir was partitioned from Castaic Lake in 1974 to store water for pumped-storage hydroelectricity generation. During on-peak energy-demand hours, water flows 7.5 miles (12.1 km) from Pyramid Lake through the Angeles Tunnel and then on to the turbines of the Castaic Power Plant, producing electricity. From there, the water flows into Elderberry Forebay. During off-peak hours (including nighttime and Sundays), water is pumped from the forebay, back through the tunnel and into Pyramid Lake.
# Electoral district of South-West Coast

The electoral district of South-West Coast is an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It was created prior to the 2002 election in order to replace the abolished seats of Portland and Warrnambool.
The seat is dominated by the town of Warrnambool, but also includes Portland, Port Fairy, Koroit, Heywood and Macarthur.
South-West Coast is located in ancestrally Liberal territory, and was thus a natural choice for Portland's former member, Denis Napthine, to transfer for the 2002 election. He barely held onto his seat in the Labor landslide of that year, seeing his margin reduced to only 0.7 percent. However, it has reverted to its previous form as a safe Liberal seat. Napthine subsequently served as Premier of Victoria from 2013 to 2014. Following his government's election loss to Labor in November 2014, Napthine resigned from parliament on 3 September 2015. Roma Britnell retained the seat for the Liberals at the ensuing by-election on 31 October.

## Members for South-West Coast

| Member | Party | Term |
| Denis Napthine | Liberal | 2002–2015 |
| Roma Britnell | Liberal | 2015–present |

## Election results

2022 Victorian state election: South-West Coast :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Roma Britnell | 19,517 | 42.9 | +8.5 |
| | Labor | Kylie Gaston | 9,640 | 21.2 | −3.4 |
| | Independent | Carol Altmann | 6,564 | 14.4 | +14.4 |
| | Independent | James Purcell | 2,737 | 6.0 | –9.4 |
| | Greens | Thomas Campbell | 2,457 | 5.4 | −0.8 |
| | Independent | Jim Doukas | 1,865 | 4.1 | +4.1 |
| | Family First | Chris Brunt | 924 | 2.0 | +2.0 |
| | Animal Justice | Jacinta Anderson | 688 | 1.5 | +1.3 |
| | Independent | Michael McCluskey | 616 | 1.4 | +0.5 |
| | Justice | James Brash Grimley | 488 | 1.1 | +1.1 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 45,496 | 94.3 | +0.9 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 2,723 | 5.7 | −0.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 48,219 | 90.8 | +0.3 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal | Roma Britnell | 26,410 | 58.0 | +4.8 |
| | Labor | Kylie Gaston | 19,086 | 42.0 | −4.8 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | +4.8 | |
# Yokohama International Christian Academy

Yokohama International Christian Academy (YICA) is a PreK-G12 co-ed independent international school that strives to foster self-empowerment, mutual respect and responsible global citizenship among all children within the framework of a Christian-centered learning environment. YICA serves children of any faith, ethnicity or nationality. YICA boats highly qualified teaching and support staff from around the world in an atmosphere that encourages appreciation for diversity and deep respect for Japanese customs. Due to the low teacher-student ratio, teachers flexibly customize courses to meet individual needs while encouraging children to do their best and achieve effective learning.

## Student body

As of 2008, 70% of the students were Japanese nationals. Many of them have non-Japanese parents and/or are kikokushijo (returnees). In 2008 YICA headmaster Federico Sancho stated that beginning in the mid-1990s the proportion of Japanese nationals had been increasing.
# Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate

The Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) Directorate performs the physical science research at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). It serves as the JSC focus for support to the HQ Science Mission Directorate. ARES scientists and engineers also provide support to the human and robotic spaceflight programs with expertise in orbital debris modeling, analysis of micrometeoroid/orbital debris risks to spacecraft, image analysis and Earth observations. The responsibilities of ARES also include interaction with the Office of Safety and Mission Assurance and the Human Space Flight Programs. They perform research in Earth, planetary, and space sciences and have curatorial responsibility for all NASA-held extraterrestrial samples.
The ARES Directorate recently added a Wordpress Blog that will allow social media Twitter updates to new research and Laboratory discoveries. Posts will also be made by the Expedition Earth and Beyond Education Program that will be adding their classroom connection events to the NASA ARES YouTube page.

## Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit

The Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit (ESRS) is a remote sensing ground unit of NASA. It is part of NASA's Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate. It works with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and NASA's Earth Science Disaster Program.
# Atalar, Şavşat

Atalar is a village in the Şavşat District, Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 52 (2021).
# Atalantycha bilineata

Atalantycha bilineata, known generally as the two-lined cantharid or two-lined leather-wing, is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is found in North America.
# Marena (disambiguation)

Marena is a village in the municipality of Kavadarci, North Macedonia.
Marena or MARENA may also refer to:

## Places

* Marena, Yélimané, a village in Cercle of Yélimané, Kayes Region, Mali
* Maréna Diombougou, often simply Maréna, a village in Cercle of Kayes, Kayes Region, Mali
* Marena Township, Hodgeman County, Kansas, United States

## People

* Erika Marena (born 1975), Brazilian chief of police
* Jordi Mareñá (born 1991), Spanish footballer

## Other uses

* Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (Nicaragua)
# Mari Kvien Brunvoll (album)

Mari Kvien Brunvoll (released 2012 by Jazzland Recordings – 371 627-8) is the debut album of the Norwegian singer Mari Kvien Brunvoll, recorded February 2010 at the "12 Points Festival", Stavanger, Norway by Per Ravnaas and Kaj Hjertenes at NRK Musikkteknikk. "Is It Love" and "Joanna" was recorded July 2010, at Clusone Jazz Festival, Italy. "Oh How Much" was recorded November 2009, at the Bimhuis in Amsterdam, Netherlands, by Marc Broer and Willem Feenstra of NTR Radio. All music performed live in concert by Mari Kvien Brunvoll.

## Personnel

* Mari Kvien Brunvoll – voice, live sampling, electronics, kalimba, zither, percussion

## Track listing

* «Sweet Mysterious» (7:08)
* «Everywhere You Go» (7:38)
* «I'm Going, Don't You Know» (2:49)
* «Wake Up» (5:33)
* «Is It Love» (6:08)
* «Joanna» (4:20)
* «Oh How Much» (4:19)
* «Something Inside» (6:48)

## Credits

* Design – Elida Brenna Linge
* Mastered at Lunds Lyd by – Morten Lund
* Mixed at Studio 5071 by – Morten Skage
* Photography (Live) by – Oliver Heisch
* Recorded by – Kai Hjertenes (tracks: 1-4, 8), Marc Broer (tracks: 7), Per Ravnaas (tracks: 1-4, 8), Willem Feenstra (tracks: 7)
* Photography, Design & Written by – Mari Kvien Brunvoll
* Written by – Memphis Minnie (tracks: 2-3)
# El Nuweiba mine

The El Nuweiba mine is a large mine located in the northern part of Egypt in South Sinai Governorate. El Nuweiba represents one of the largest tantalum reserves in Egypt having estimated reserves of 114.7 million tonnes of ore grading 0.016% tantalum.
# El Níspero

El Níspero is a municipality in the Honduran department of Santa Bárbara.

## Villages

The following villages are in the municipality:
* El Níspero
* Santa Cruz
* El Campo
* Nejapa
* El Paraíso
* El Tontolo
* Nueva York
* El Robledal
* San Jerónimo

## Demographics

At the time of the 2013 Honduras census, El Níspero municipality had a population of 8,109. Of these, 97.26% were Mestizo, 2.24% White, 0.33% Indigenous and 0.16% Black or Afro-Honduran.
# Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's discus throw F37–38

The men's discus F37/38 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Stadium on 14 September. There was a single round of competition; after the first three throws, only the top eight had 3 further throws.
| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Best | Points | Notes |
| | Javad Hardani | Iran | F38 | 41.72 | 41.53 | 45.62 | 41.56 | 43.68 | - | 45.62 | 1024 | PR |
| | Mykola Zhabnyak | Ukraine | F37 | 44.62 | 48.33 | x | 52.00 | x | x | 52.00 | 1010 | WR |
| | Xia Dong | China | F37 | 46.23 | 49.12 | 46.10 | 50.15 | 51.65 | x | 51.65 | 1003 | SB |
| 4 | Haider Ali | Pakistan | F38 | x | 41.89 | 43.79 | 43.95 | x | 42.76 | 43.95 | 986 | |
| 5 | Tomasz Blatkiewicz | Poland | F37 | 47.32 | 47.15 | 49.44 | 49.72 | x | 49.71 | 49.72 | 966 | |
| 6 | Mohamed Mohamed Ramadan | Egypt | F37 | 49.60 | 47.77 | 46.08 | 44.18 | x | 48.02 | 49.60 | 964 | SB |
| 7 | Hamdi Warfili | Tunisia | F38 | 39.47 | x | 39.32 | 38.58 | 38.51 | 37.77 | 39.47 | 886 | |
| 8 | Thomas Loosch | Germany | F38 | 32.57 | 39.40 | 38.08 | x | x | 34.39 | 39.40 | 884 | |
| 9 | Robert Chyra | Poland | F37 | 43.03 | 43.26 | 44.75 | - | - | - | 44.75 | 869 | |
| 10 | Zhang Xuelong | China | F37 | 43.61 | x | x | - | - | - | 43.61 | 847 | |
WR = World Record. PR = Paralympic Record. SB = Seasonal Best.
# Eleazar Huerta Valcárcel

Eleazar Huerta Valcárcel (22 December 1903, Tobarra, Albacete – 1974, Santiago de Chile) was a Spanish lawyer, poet and politician. The son of Eleazar Huerta Puche and Milagros Valcárcel García, he died in Chile, where he had lived in exile since the Spanish Civil War, aged 70. He served as the 47th Solicitor General of Spain.
* This Spanish biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Electoral results for the district of South Murchison

This is a list of electoral results for the Electoral district of South Murchison in Western Australian state elections.

## Members for South Murchison

| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Cornthwaite Rason | Ministerial | 1897–1901 |

## Election results
### Elections in the 1890s

1897 Western Australian colonial election: South Murchison :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Ministerialist | Cornthwaite Rason | 87 | 40.8 |
| | Ministerialist | Frederick Trude | 80 | 37.6 |
| | Independent | Malcolm Reid | 39 | 18.3 |
| | Opposition | John Perryman | 7 | 3.3 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 213 | 98.6 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 3 | 1.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 216 | 54.1 |
| | Ministerialist hold | Ministerialist hold | Swing | |
# Yochelcionelloidea

Yochelcionelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora). The earliest yochelcionellids are known from the Middle Tommotian, but they are most diverse from the Botomian through the early Middle Cambrian.

## 2005 taxonomy

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005:
Yochelcionelloidea
* † Yochelcionellidae
* † Stenothecidae
* † Trenellidae

## 2006-2007 taxonomy

According to the opinion of P. Yu. Parkhaev is in the class Helcionelloida, subclass Archaeobranchia Parkhaev, 2001, Order Helcionelliformes Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975:
   * Superfamily Yochelcionelloidea Runnegar & Jell, 1976
      * Family Trenellidae Parkhaev, 2001
      * Family Yochelcionellidae Runnegar & Jell, 1976
      * Family Stenothecidae Runnegar & Jell, 1980
         * Subfamily Stenothecinae Runnegar & Jell, 1980
         * Subfamily Watsonellinae Parkhaev, 2001
# Yochelcionella

Yochelcionella is an extinct genus of basal molluscs which lived during the Tommotian epoch, the first epoch of the Cambrian period. This genus is often reconstructed to resemble snails.
Yochelcionella is the type genus of the family Yochelcionellidae.

## Description

This genus of molluscs possessed shells which were shaped like curved caps, with an exhaust pipe shaped "snorkel" emanating underneath where the apex (point of the shell) curves over. It is believed that the "snorkel" was used in breathing, allowing waste water to flow away from the gills.

## Taxonomy

When they were first discovered, they were originally thought to be monoplacophorans. Their snorkel may represent a move towards a tubular shell, such as is seen in the modern scaphopods. It has also been interpreted as a precursor to the cephalopod funnel or siphuncle.
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Yochelcionella in the family Yochelcionellidae within the superfamilia Yochelcionelloidea within the Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position within Mollusca (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora).
For an alternate 2007-2007 taxonomy by P. Yu. Parkhae see Helcionelloida.

## Species

Species in the genus Yochelcionella include:
* Yochelcionella americana Runnegar & Pojeta, 1980
* Yochelcionella angustiplicata
* Yochelcionella chinensis Pei, 1985
* Yochelcionella crassa Zhegallo in Esakova et Zhegallo, 1996
* Yochelcionella cyrano Runnegar and Pojeta 1974 type species. Its type locality is ANU Collection 10352, 16 km northeast of Mootwingee Aboriginal Site, which is in a Solvan carbonate limestone in the Coonigan Formation of Australia..
* Yochelcionella daleki
* Yochelcionella erecta (Walcott, 1891)
* Yochelcionella gracilis Atkins & Peel, 2004
* Yochelcionella greenlandica Atkins & Peel, 2004
* Yochelcionella ostentata
* Yochelcionella saginata Vendrasco et al., 2010
* Yochelcionella snorkorum Vendrasco et al., 2010