OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tabanus maculicornis

Tabanus maculicornis also known as the narrow-winged horsefly is a species of biting horse-fly.

## Distribution

This species can be found in most of Europe, in the East Palearctic realm (Russia) and in the Near East (Transcaucasus). It mainly lives in wooded areas with streams or in marshy grassland.

## Description

Tabanus maculicornis can reach a length of 12–13 millimetres (0.47–0.51 in). These quite small horseflies have a dark body. The abdomen of the females shows three rows of whitish or greyish triangles, with oblique sublateral markings on tergites 2 and 3. The head has a grey supraoccipital border. Females have scissor-like mouthparts that aim to cut the skin and then lap up the blood. The alula is narrower than in Tabanus bromius (hence the species common name). The eyes are green, but in males they show a broad purple band, while in females they have a coppery sheen and a single purple band.

## Biology

Adults fly flies from mid-May to mid-July, with a peak in late June. The females of this species are blood-sucking from grazing cattle (mainly cows and horses), but they mainly feed on nectar. They may also feed on human blood. Males only feed on nectar. Larvae live in boggy soil and in moss.
# Rosy grizzled skipper

The rosy grizzled skipper (Pyrgus onopordi) is a species of skipper (family Hesperiidae).

## Distribution and habitat

This species can be found in central and southern Europe (Austria, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and Netherlands) and in North Africa (Algeria and Morocco).
These butterflies inhabit flowery meadows, hot dry grassy meadows and streams at an elevation of 0–2,000 metres (0–6,562 ft) above sea level.

## Description

The wingspan of Pyrgus onopordi can reach 22–28 mm. The upper side of the frontwings and hindwings is dark brown or khaki with a slight yellowish tinge, white markings, and a white fringe on the edge. The underside hindwings is light yellow-brown marbled with a few large white spots, including a characteristic anvil-shaped discal mark bordered with dark lines in the cells four and five. Females are darker and usually larger than males. Unlike most European Pyrgus species this skipper can usually be readily identified in the field as it is noticeably paler than its congeners. This is due to a heavy dusting of yellowish scales which overlies the dark brown base colour.
The eggs are yellowish, roundish, and flattened at both ends, with up to twenty strong longitudinal ribs on the surface. The caterpillars range from light to dark brown with bright sideline lines. The head is black. The pupae are bluish-tinted with a very contrasting drawing.
This species is quite similar to Pyrgus carlinae, Pyrgus cirsii, Pyrgus cinarae, Pyrgus malvae, Pyrgus alveus, Pyrgus andromedae, Pyrgus cacaliae, and Spialia sertorius.

## Biology

Two or three generations are produced each year at any time between April and October. The larval food plants are Potentilla species (Potentilla reptans, Potentilla pusilla, Potentilla hirta), Malva neglecta, Malva parviflora, Malope malacoides, and Helianthemum species (Helianthemum apenninum, Helianthemum hirtum).
# Milleria adalifa

Milleria adalifa is a moth in the family Zygaenidae. It is found in Asia.
The forewings are dusky white, with black veins. The hindwings are pure white, clouded with pale chrome-yellow from the anal angle to beyond the middle. The apex and the outer margin are black.

## Subspecies

* Milleria adalifa adalifa (India, Burma)
* Milleria adalifa candida (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1863) (Sumatra, Java)
* Milleria adalifa fuhoshonis Strand, 1916 (Taiwan)
# Guanidinium thiocyanate

Guanidinium thiocyanate (GTC) or guanidinium isothiocyanate (GITC) is a chemical compound used as a general protein denaturant, being a chaotropic agent, although it is most commonly used as a nucleic acid protector in the extraction of DNA and RNA from cells.
GITC may also be recognized as guanidine thiocyanate. This is because guanidinium is the conjugate acid of guanidine and is called the guanidinium cation, [CH$_6$N$_3$]$^+$.

## Uses

Guanidinium thiocyanate can be used to deactivate a virus, such as the influenza virus that caused the 1918 "Spanish flu", so that it can be studied safely.
Guanidinium thiocyanate is also used to lyse cells and virus particles in RNA and DNA extractions, where its function, in addition to its lysing action, is to prevent activity of RNase enzymes and DNase enzymes by denaturing them. These enzymes would otherwise damage the extract.
A commonly used method is guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. It is not strictly necessary to use phenol or chloroform if extracting RNA for Northern blotting or DNA for Southern blot analysis because the gel electrophoresis followed by transfer to a membrane will separate the RNA/DNA from the proteins. Additionally, since these methods use probes to bind to their conjugates, peptides that get through the process don't generally matter unless a peptide is an RNase or DNase, and then only if the enzyme manages to renature, which should not occur if proper protocols are followed. A possible exception might be when working with temperature extremophiles because some enzymes of these organisms can remain stable under extraordinary circumstances.

## Preparation

This substance can be prepared by reacting guanidinium carbonate with ammonium sulfate or ammonium thiocyanate under heat. Another method is the pyrolysis of ammonium thiocyanate or thiourea at 180°C.
# HIPAS Observatory

The HIPAS (HIgh Power Auroral Stimulation) Observatory was a research facility, built to study the ionosphere and its influence on radio communications. It was located 25 miles east of Fairbanks, Alaska in the Fairbanks North Star Borough area.
It was operated by the UCLA plasma physics laboratory from 1986 through 2007. A unique capability at that time, it could radiate 70 MW ERP at either 2.85 MHz or 4.53 MHz. These frequencies are close to a multiple of 2 and 3 of the electron gyro-frequency at ionospheric altitudes. Sending a pulse of HF-radio waves upward could accelerate the electrons in the ionosphere. Somewhat like waves on the ocean, the character of the ionosphere could be inferred from the backscatter signal. Other experiments attempted to combine RF and visible excitation where the latter probed metal ions such as sodium.
The HIPAS facility also used a LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) instrument. Other projects included:
* A plasma torch, used for experiments in hazardous waste disposal
* A 2.8-meter liquid-mirror telescope, which uses a spinning bowl of mercury to form the mirror, used for laser experiments.
* An array of antennae, which are used for exciting the ionosphere.
The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is a similar facility funded jointly by the US Air Force and US Navy.
The HIPAS facility was shut down and much of the equipment sold as surplus in the Spring of 2010.
# High Down

High Down may refer to:
* High Down (HM Prison), prison in Surrey, England
* High Down (Isle of Wight), area of downland on Isle of Wight, England
* High Down Rocket Test Site preserved site, Isle of Wight, England
# Dorithia

Dorithia is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Dorithia consacculana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia crucifer (Walsingham, 1914)
* Dorithia equadentana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia imitatrix Brown & Obraztsov in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia meridionalis Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia occidentana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia paraviridana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia peroneana Barnes & Busck, 1920
* Dorithia powellana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia pseudocrucifer Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia robustana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia semicirculana (Fernald, 1882)
* Dorithia spinosana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia strigulana Brown & Obraztsov in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia tototuana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia trigonana Brown & Obraztsov in Brown & Powell, 1991
* Dorithia wellingana Brown, in Brown & Powell, 1991
# Miljevci

Miljevci may refer to:
* Miljevci, Dalmatia, a region near Drniš, Croatia
* Miljevci (Bar Municipality), a village in Montenegro
* Miljevci, Virovitica–Podravina County, a village near Nova Bukovica
* Miljevci, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a village near Sanski Most
# Hold On! (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Hold On! by Herman's Hermits is the band's fourth album in the U.S. It was not released in the United Kingdom but an EP was released by EMI/Columbia (catalogue number SEG 8503.) featuring 6 tracks.
It is the soundtrack album to a 1966 film featuring Herman's Hermits and Shelley Fabares, Hold On!

## Background

The film's producers had recruited Fred Karger, a Hollywood composer who had served as music director of the group's previous movie, When the Boys Meet the Girls, to write the songs for the movie. In an interview on a television documentary on The British Invasion, Peter Noone recalled that the original title of the film was There's No Place Like Space, for which Karger had written the theme song. However, the group and their manager Mickie Most agreed that the song wasn't right for them and, instead, asked co-star Shelley Fabares' then-husband, record producer Lou Adler, for help. Adler recommended songwriter P.F. Sloan to compose the title track for the film. Sloan's recollection was that the film was to be renamed A Must to Avoid, and he wrote a song for that title, with some contributions from his writing partner Steve Barri. When the studio vetoed that title, the film was then retitled Hold On! after another one of Sloan's songs.
Ultimately, the ten-song US soundtrack album included five songs written by Karger, including the lone song sung by Fabares, four songs written by Sloan/Barri, and one Hermits cover of a 1937 British music hall song. The six-song UK EP used all four Sloan/Barri songs and just two of the Karger songs.
"A Must to Avoid" and a re-recorded version of "Leaning on a Lamp Post" both reached the Billboard Top 10 as singles in the US; a re-recorded "Hold On!" was the B-side of the latter. "A Must to Avoid" was also a top 10 hit in the UK.

## Track listing
### US LP version
#### Side 1

* "Hold On!" (Steve Barri, P.F. Sloan) – 2:06
* "The George and Dragon" (Fred Karger, Sid Wayne, Ben Weisman) – 2:09
* "Got a Feeling" (Karger, Wayne, Weisman) – 2:08
* "Wild Love" (Karger, Wayne, Weisman) – 2:24
* "Leaning on a Lamp Post" (Noel Gay) – 2:34

#### Side 2

* "Where Were You When I Needed You?" (Barri, Sloan) – 2:48
* "All the Things I Do for You Baby" (Barri, Sloan) – 2:18
* "Gotta Get Away" (Karger, Wayne, Weisman) – 1:55
* "Make Me Happy" (Karger, Wayne, Weisman) (Sung by Shelley Fabares) – 2:14
* "A Must to Avoid" (Barri, Sloan) – 2:18

### UK EP version
#### Side 1

* "Where Were You When I Needed You?"
* "Hold On!"
* "The George and Dragon"

#### Side 2

* "All the Things I Do for You Baby"
* "Wild Love"
* "A Must to Avoid"
# Richard C. Longworth

Richard C. Longworth is an American author and journalist. He is the writer of Caught in the Middle: America’s Heartland in the Age of Globalism, on the impact of globalization on the American Midwest. He also was a visiting scholar at DePaul University and adjunct professor of international relations at Northwestern University, and is a mentor at the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago.

## Career

Longworth joined The Chicago Council on Global Affairs in 2003. He writes and hosts The Chicago Council blog, The Midwesterner. He is a regular contributor to the American Review.
For 20 years, Longworth was a foreign correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and United Press International, and was the Tribune’s chief European correspondent. He has reported from 80 countries on five continents. He also is the author of Global Squeeze and coauthor of Global Chicago.
Longworth, an Iowa native, graduated from Northwestern and won NU's Alumni Merit Award in 2000. He was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University, won the Overseas Press Club award twice, for series on globalization and the UN, and was twice a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, in 1980 and 2003 Pulitzer Prize. He also has won every major national award for economic reporting, plus the Lowell Thomas award for a story on a camel trek through the Sahara Desert. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, has been a speaker at the Davos conferences, and for five years was a mentor to StreetWise, Chicago's newspaper for the homeless.
# Freedom Song (Oscar Peterson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Freedom Song is a 1982 live album by Oscar Peterson, recorded in Japan.

## Track listing

* "'Round Midnight" (Bernie Hanighen, Thelonious Monk, Cootie Williams) – 6:41
* Medley: "Watch What Happens"/"Waltz for Debby" (Norman Gimbel, Michel Legrand)/(Bill Evans, Gene Lees) – 8:43
* "Easy Living" (Ralph Rainger, Leo Robin) – 5:42
* "Move" (Denzil Best) – 4:03
* Medley: "Hymn to Freedom"/"The Fallen Warrior" (Oscar Peterson)/(Peterson) – 10:34
* "Sweet Lorraine" (Carter Burwell, Mitchell Parish) – 7:17
* "You Look Good to Me" (Seymour Lefco, Clement Wells) – 6:27
* "Now's the Time" (Charlie Parker) – 8:15
* "Future Child" (Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen) – 1:51
* "Mississauga Rattler" (Peterson) – 7:45
* "Nigerian Marketplace" (Peterson) – 7:12
* Medley: "Emily"/"Tenderly" (Johnny Mandel, Johnny Mercer)/(Walter Gross Jack Lawrence) – 11:28
* "Night Child" (Peterson) – 10:51
* "The Cakewalk" (Peterson) – 6:25

## Personnel
### Performance

* Martin Drew – drums
* Joe Pass – guitar
* Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen – double bass
* Oscar Peterson – piano
# Gradients of agreement scale

The Gradients of Agreement Scale was developed in 1987 by Sam Kaner, Duane Berger, and the staff of Community At Work.
It enables members of a group to express their support for a proposal in degrees, along a continuum. Using this tool, group members are no longer trapped into expressing support in terms of "yes" and "no."
The book "The Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Decision-Making" has been translated into Spanish, French, Russian, Mandarin, Arabic and Swahili, and it has been used in organizations large and small throughout the world.

## Links

* Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Decision-Making
* Team Decision Making: The Gradients of Agreement

## Literature

* Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Decision-Making, 3rd Edition. Sam Kaner. ISBN 978-1-118-40495-9, 432 pages, June 2014, Jossey-Bass
* This social psychology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Michael Mayo (poet)

Michael Mayo (born Syracuse, New York) is an American poet.

## Life

He studied at the University of Maine, University of New Brunswick, and the University of Delaware. He lived for ten years in San Francisco. Since 1993, he has lived in Puerto Vallarta.

## Awards

* 1987 American Book Award

## Works

* All Fall Down. Seismograph Publications. 1987. ISBN 978-0-932977-32-8.
* The Book of Awakenings
* Michael Mayo, ed. (July 1986). Practising Angels: A Contemporary Anthology of San Francisco Bay Area Poetry. Subterranean Co. ISBN 978-0-932977-31-1.
# T'yngryng

The t'yngryng (or tyngryn, tïgrïk) is a musical instrument of the Nivkh people (formerly called Gilyak) of Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East. It is a one-string fiddle, played in the lap with a bow, with a body of birch-bark and a soundboard made of fish skin.
# Subscription school

A subscription school was a type of private school that operated in the 19th century in rural areas of the United States before the rise of common schools, and also in parts of the United Kingdom.

## History

The funding model of subscription schools differed from other schools in that rather than funding the school with either tax revenue or fixed tuition, parents paid "by the scholar," paying only for the number of days their child actually attended. Because parents did not have to pay when their children were unable to attend, this model was well-suited to pre-industrial rural life in which children were often required to do farm labor for long periods of the year. For this reason, subscription schools were often open only during the winter.
"Locally organized and informally governed," a subscription school was typically a one-room affair with a single teacher. Subscription schools were not subject to any central control or standardization, in terms of either the teacher's qualifications or the subjects taught. The level of education was generally limited to the primary grades.
Typically, prior to establishing a subscription school, the surrounding area would be canvassed to determine whether there were enough parents in the area who were prepared to pay to send their children to the school.
Because only those whose parents could afford to pay were able to attend, subscription schools exacerbated rural inequality and illiteracy by depriving the children of the rural poor of any education whatsoever. However, because replacement of subscription schools by common schools entailed a loss of local control, the transition to public schooling was often the subject of bitter political controversy.
Subscription schools faced competition not only from public schools, but in some areas also from the elementary departments of seminaries and academies, which typically also provided education up to or beyond the secondary level.
In areas where established schools were limited to whites only, the subscription school model was often used by African American or Native American teachers and students. For example, the first known African-American school in St. Louis, Missouri was a subscription school that future Senator Hiram Revels established in 1856. In North Carolina, the first school serving the Lumbee tribe was a subscription school established in 1870.
Subscription schools funded and taught by African Americans became widespread in the American South after the Civil War. In Jefferson City, Missouri, Black veterans of the Civil War founded the Lincoln Institute as a subscription school in 1866. Subscription schools for Black students in the South continued well beyond the end of the Reconstruction era.
In some parts of the United States such as Oklahoma, subscription schools continued to be established into the early 20th century.
# Minhang Development Zone station

Minhang Development Zone (simplified Chinese: 闵行开发区; traditional Chinese: 閔行開發區; pinyin: Mǐnháng Kāifāqū) is a metro station on Line 5 of the Shanghai Metro. It is the current southern terminus of the line, and is located in the suburban Minhang District. The zone is about 3.5 km$^2$ (1.4 sq mi) in size and was opened in 1986. The location is close to the Outer-ringway giving the zone quick access to both airports of the city. The opening of Line 5 has significantly improved access to the central districts of Shanghai.
The station is located along the branch service of Line 5, which operates between this station and Dongchuan Road. Passengers can transfer to the main line at Dongchuan Road. However, since 26 December 2020, this is not the case, as trains have resumed service all the way to Xinzhuang.
The zone contains factories for companies that produce machinery, electronics, pharmaceuticals, beverages and entertainment products.

## Gallery

* Platform prior to installment of screen doors
* Train tracks in the station
* Line 5 trains changing derections
# Taizi Great Mosque

The Taizi Great Mosque (Chinese: 台子清真大寺; pinyin: Táizi Qīngzhēn Dàsì, Xiao'erjing: تَيْ‌زِ ٿٍْ‌جٍ دَاسِْ) is a mosque in Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

## History

The mosque underwent four renovations over the past twenty years before 2006.
# Richard Ryve

Richard Ryve (also Reve) (d. 1594) was a Canon of Windsor from 1560 to 1594.

## Career

He was educated at All Souls College, Oxford where he graduated BA in 1534, MA in 1537.
He was appointed:
* Rector of Berkhamsted 1552
* School master of Berkhamsted Grammar School 1552
* Rector of Marsh Gibbon 1561
* Prebendary of Westminster 1560
* Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth I
He was appointed to the eleventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1560 and held the canonry until 1594.
# Giorgi Nareklishvili

Giorgi Nareklishvili (born 6 March 1993) is a Georgian former cyclist. He has been the national road race champion of Georgia five times and time trial champion once.

## Major results

Source:

### 2012

    National Road Championships
       2nd Time trial
       3rd Road race

### 2013

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial

### 2014

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial
    National Track Championships
       1st Individual pursuit
       1st Kilo

### 2015

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       1st Under-23 road race
       1st Time trial
       1st Under-23 time trial

### 2016

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial
    8th Overall Tour of Ankara

### 2017

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       2nd Time trial
# State Highway 38 (Madhya Pradesh)

Madhya Pradesh State Highway 38 (MP SH 38) is a State Highway running from Mangod village in Dhar district lying on NH-47 till Barwaha city on MP SH-27.
It passes through Manawar, Dharampuri, Khalghat, Dhamnod,Mandleshwar and Maheshwar.
# Hicksbeachia pilosa

Hicksbeachia pilosa is a small tree in the family Proteaceae. This rare species is endemic to the rainforests of the wet tropics region of northeastern Queensland, Australia. It was first described in 1988 by Australian botanist Peter H. Weston, after a collection by Garry Sankowsky and Peter Hind in 1986 at Bobbin Bobbin Falls in North Queensland. Its specific name is the Latin adjective pilosus "hairy".
Hicksbeachia pilosa is found in rainforest from the Big Tableland to the Cardwell Range in northeastern Queensland.