OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stedman TS-1 City of Leeds

The Stedman TS-1 City of Leeds was a parasol wing wooden sailplane, seating two in tandem open cockpits. Only one was built, by its designer in 1934; it remained active until the outbreak of World War II.

## Design and development

The City of Leeds was designed and built by R. F. Stedman, a member of what was then the Bradford and County Gliding Club, over the period 1932-4. It flew for the first time on 21 July 1934 from Baildon in West Yorkshire. It was a simple wooden aircraft, with open cockpits and wings of modest aspect ratio, not intended for high performance. Its wing was built around two spars and had constant chord apart from slight leading edge taper near the tip. There were no airbrakes or flaps. The wing was mounted parasol fashion on pairs of parallel, broad chord lift struts which joined the spars at about mid-span to the lower fuselage longerons.
The fuselage was flat sided and hexagonal in cross section. The cockpits were in tandem, one at the wing leading edge and the other under the wing at mid-chord. A single landing skid ran from the nose to below the wing trailing edge. The fuselage tapered slightly rearwards, where a straight edged tailplane was mounted on its upper surface. The fin was small, carrying a taller, balanced, wide chord and curved rudder which reached down to the bottom of the fuselage, moving in a cut-out between the elevators.

## Operational history

Plans of the TS-1 were advertised at £8-8-0 (£8.40), but only the prototype was built. This obtained its Certificate of Airworthiness BGA 213 in April 1935 after some modification and strengthening. It flew in the 1935 National Gliding Championships at Sutton Bank and remained active until a ban on private civil aviation was imposed at the start of World War II,$^{:p.19}$ when its designer and builder became a local chief test pilot at Blackburn Aircraft's Sherburn-in-Elmet plant. Stedman was the first, if not the only, British glider pilot to escape by parachute, baling out of a military glider in 1944. What happened to his own glider is not known.

## Specifications

Data from British Gliders and Sailplanes 1922-1970
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 25 ft 0 in (7.62 m)
* Wingspan: 50 ft 0 in (15.24 m)
* Wing area: 295 sq ft (27.4 m$^2$)
* Aspect ratio: 8.3
* Airfoil: Modified Göttingen 535
* Empty weight: 424 lb (192 kg)
* Gross weight: 725 lb (329 kg)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 30 mph (48 km/h, 26 kn)
* Stall speed: 24 mph (39 km/h, 21 kn)
* Wing loading: 2.46 lb/sq ft (12.0 kg/m$^2$)
# Spider Man (album)

Spider Man is the second album by American jazz vibraphonist Freddie McCoy which was recorded in 1965 for the Prestige label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic rated the album 2 stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Freddie McCoy except where noted.
* "Hav' Mercy" – 3:10
* "Yesterdays" (Jerome Kern, Otto Harbach) – 7:20
* "The Girl from Ipanema" (Antônio Carlos Jobim, Vinicius de Moraes, Norman Gimbel) – 4:35
* "Spider Man" – 3:20
* "That's All" (Alan Brandt Bob Haymes) – 7:25
* "Speak Out, Deagan!" – 4:10

## Personnel

* Freddie McCoy – vibraphone
* Charles L. Wilson – piano
* Steve Davis – bass
* Rudy Lawless – drums
# Styloperlidae

Styloperlidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are at least 2 genera and 9 described species in Styloperlidae. The species etymology is based on the type of locality near Sapa.

## History

The Styloperlidae family was originally proposed as a subfamily of the Peltoperlidae (Illies 1966), but later given family status (Uchida & Isobe 1989). Several species have little information associated with them, and most descriptions are based on relatively few specimens. Several types of Chinese species have also been lost.

## Habitat

There are three known Cerconychia species (Klapálek, 1913) and six Styloperla Wu species known from Taiwan, Hainan, and the mainland (Vietnam) (Uchida & Isobe 1989; Yang & Yang 1990, 1995).
The Cerconychia brunnea (Klapálek) and C. livida (Klapálek) are known from Taiwan (Uchida & Isobe, 1989), the C. sinensis (Yang & Yang) are known from Hainan (Yang & Yang, 1995), and the C. sapa are known from the mainland in Vietnam.

## Description
### Egg

The eggs are ovoid, with the collar absent, and the chorion smooth. This is typical for the Styloperlidae genus.

### Nymph

The Nymph is currently unknown.

### Adult

The adult males have numerous small spines scattered over the dorsum and margin of the basal cercal segment. This feature makes the males distinct from all other known Styloperlidae. The adult females have a slightly produced, emarginate subgenital plate similar to other known Cerconychia (Uchida & Isobe 1989). The forewing length measures 16.5‐18mm, making it greater than the 9‐16mm composite range given for the Taiwanese species.

## Genera

These two genera belong to the family Styloperlidae:
* Cerconychia Klapálek, 1913
* Styloperla Wu, 1935
# East New Britain languages

The East New Britain languages are a possible small language family spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. They were classified as East Papuan languages by Wurm, but this does not now seem tenable. The only comparative work that has been done between the two branches of the proposed family is Ross (2001), which shows similarities in the pronouns.

## Languages

The languages are:
* Baining: Mali, Qaqet, Kairak, Simbali, Ura, ?Makolkol (extinct?)
* Taulil–Butam: Taulil, Butam (extinct)
Makolkol is unattested.
Glottolog does not accept that a connection between the two branches has been demonstrated. Stebbins et al. (2018) note that further work needs to be done, and are uncertain how to explain the similarity in pronouns between the two families with the fact that the ancestors of the Taulil and Butam people had migrated from New Ireland and so presumably would have their closest relatives there.

## Pronouns

The pronouns Ross (2001) compares for East New Britain are as follows.
    1SG2SG3MSG3FSG 1PL2PL3PL 1DU2DU3DU proto-ENB *ŋ(u)a*ŋi(a)*a*E*(d)udu*ŋan(i)*ta*Nun*(y)u*i Baining free ŋuaŋiakakiuutŋenta~rauunuinian~iam POSS guagiaaa Taulil free SBJ ŋaŋiaaedaayaataaŋuyui~ip (3MDU), vitam (3FDU) OBJ ŋaaŋŋiŋaaeunduŋantaaŋunyuip (3MDU), vitam (3FDU) POSS ŋaŋivaaveduinaina~taŋunuyuip (3MDU), ito (3FDU) Butam free ŋaŋiaeurŋanta~raunyuip POSS ŋaŋŋiŋvatvet(r)uruŋan(i)ra(n)un...ip
# Frederick Haig

Frederick Hill Haig (23 April 1895 – 3 December 1948) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played one first-class match for Otago during the 1919–20 season.
Haig was born at Wanganui in 1895. He played his only representative match for Otago in the March 1920 fixture against Southland at Rugby Park in Invercargill. He scored 13 not out in Otago's first innings and five in the second.
Haig worked as a saddler. He died at Dunedin in 1948 aged 53.
# Frederick, Margrave of Tuscany

Boniface IV Frederick (died July 1055) was the only son of Boniface III of Tuscany and Beatrice of Bar. He was young when his father died on 6 May 1052 and he inherited the great north Italian margraviate.
His mother served as his regent until 1054, when she married Godfrey, former duke of Lower Lorraine. Godfrey was a traitor to Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, and thus the marriage was considered traitorous. In 1055, Henry held a court at Florence and arrested Beatrice, while Godfrey was rebelling in Lorraine. Henry bade Frederick come, but the child refused. It was no matter, for he died a few days thence and the margraviate passed to his sister Matilda.

## Sources

* Bonifaz II. Markgraf von Canossa-Tuszien (1052–1055).
| Preceded byBoniface III | Margrave of Tuscany 1052–1055 | Succeeded byGodfrey I |
# Lagomarsino

Lagomarsino is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Diego Lagomarsino, a suspect in the death of Alberto Nisman case in Argentina
* Nancy Lagomarsino, American poet
* Robert J. Lagomarsino (born 1926), American politician
* Ron Lagomarsino, American film, theatre and television director
# Galiński

Galinski or Galiński (feminine: Galińska; plural: Galińscy) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Galinsky (born 1969), American social psychologist
* Edward Galiński (1926-1944), murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp
* Emilia Galińska (born 1992), Polish handball player
* Evelyn Hecht-Galinski (born 1949), German Jewish activist
* Heinz Galinski (1912–1992), German Jewish leader
* Karl Galinsky (born 1942), American Ancient Rome academic
* Marek Galiński (1974–2014), Polish mountain biker
* Marek Galiński (1951–1999), Polish wrestler
* Mary Galinski, professor of medicine
* Michael Galinsky (born 1969), American filmmaker
* Roman Galinski (1905–1974), Polish-American journalist
* Tom Gola (1933–2014), American basketball player and politician, family name Galinsky
* Yaakov Galinsky (1920-2014), rabbi
# Helvete

Helvete can refer to:
* Helvete, the Swedish and Norwegian word for hell
* Helvete (album), album by Swedish band Nasum
* Helvete (store), record shop in Oslo, Norway, related to the early Norwegian black metal scene
# La Agustina

La Agustina is a neighborhood in Distrito Nacional, Santo Domingo in the Distrito Nacional of the Dominican Republic.

## Sources

* Distrito Nacional sectors Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
* This Dominican Republic location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Leon Reeders

Rear Admiral Leon Reeders SM MMM is a retired South African Navy officer who served as Director Naval Acquisition.

## Military career

He joined the Navy in 1969 after matriculating from Pretoria Boys High School in 1968. He was trained at the Naval Gymnasium and the South African Naval College. He served as Bridge Watch keeping on the SAS Simon van der Stel, Assistant Departmental Officer and Watch Keeping Officer on the SAS President Kruger. He was commissioned in 1971. Gunnery Officer and First Lieutenant on SAS Walvis Bay. He completed the Diving course in 1973 and served as Anti Submarine Warfare Officer on the SAS Jan van Riebeeck. OC SAS Fleur and promoted to rank of lieutenant at this time. Project officer to the Strike Craft Acquisition project in mid 1977. Executive Officer on the SAS Jim Fouché. OC SAS Kobie Coetzee in 1982. Strike Craft Flotilla Personnel Officer in 1985 and completed the Naval Command Staff Course in 1987. SSO Maritime Operations at NAVCOM East in 1988. OC 1 Strike Craft Squadron in 1989–1991. Project Officer Project CALIBAN in January 1991. Captain Reeders completed the Joint Staff Course in 1995. OC Naval Base Durban and the Strike Craft Flotilla from 1996 to 1998. Defence Advisor to France, Belgium and The Netherlands from Dec 1998-Dec 2001. Director Naval Acquisition from 1 July 2001 until his retirement in 2007.

## Awards and decorations

* Southern Cross Medal (1975) (SM)
* Military Merit Medal (MMM)
* Pro Patria Medal
* Southern Africa Medal
* General Service Medal (South Africa)
* Unitas (Unity) Medal
* Good Service Medal (Gold (30 Years))
* Good Service Medal (Silver (20 Years))
* Good Service Medal (Bronze (10 Years))
# East Natick, Rhode Island

East Natick is a small village in Warwick, Rhode Island. It is centered on the intersection of Bald Hill Road and East Avenue.
The village is separated from Natick proper by the railroad (now the Washington Secondary Trail), and the Pawtuxet River. The other nearby village is Pontiac, which is northerly across the Pawtuxet.
East Natick was home to many industrial workers, who worked in the mills of nearby Natick. Examples of traditional Rhode Island mill housing can be seen in the northerly part in the village. One of the most interesting buildings here is that of the Warwick Ice Cream Company, founded 1930. Built in 1940, it is one of only a few examples of Art Deco architecture in Warwick. It was designed by Providence architect Francis Chiaverini. There is a colonial era farmhouse at 697 East Avenue.
East Natick is home to two prominent Rhode Island institutions: the Community College of Rhode Island and the Rhode Island Mall.
CCRI is located on the grounds of the former Knight Estate, owned by first the Spragues and then the Knights, major manufacturing families. The main house, still standing at 486 East Avenue, is believed to have been built by William Sprague between 1827 and his death in 1836. The estate was later donated to the state, and the Rhode Island Junior College, now CCRI, opened there in 1972.
The Rhode Island Mall, originally the Midland Mall, opened in 1967. Much of the building is currently vacant.
# French ship Superbe (1784)

Superbe was a Téméraire-class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Her hull was copper sheathed.

## Career

In 1787, Superbe was the flagship of the Escadre d'évolution under Nieuil. She departed Brest in June for the training cruise and reached Lisbon before returning in August.
She took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver, where she sank due to a leak. Her crew were rescued by Pierre Maurice Julien de Quérangal.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Roche, vol.1, p.426
* ↑ Lacour-Gayet (1910), p. 590.
# Sarah McKenzie (artist)

Sarah McKenzie (born 1971) is an American painter born in Greenwich, Connecticut. She has had numerous solo exhibitions, most notably with Denver's David B. Smith Gallery, New York's Jen Bekman Gallery, and the Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art. Her paintings have been included in group exhibitions at the Walker Art Center, the Carnegie Museum of Art, the Yale School of Architecture, the New Mexico Museum of Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art Denver, and the Aspen Art Museum.
McKenzie is the 2021 recipient of the Marion International Fellowship for the Visual and Performing Arts (Fredonia, NY) and a 2012 recipient of a Painters & Sculptors Grant from the Joan Mitchell Foundation (New York, NY). Other awards include the 10th Alexander Rutsch Award in Painting from the Pelham Art Center (Pelham, NY) in 2019; an Individual Artist Award from the Santo Foundation (St. Louis, MO) in 2019; and First Place in the National Young Painters Exhibition at Miami University (Oxford, OH) in 2006. Her paintings have been featured in Artforum, New American Paintings, Modern in Denver Magazine, the New York Times, Dwell Magazine, Art Ltd. Magazine, Art in America, and the 2014 book, Imagine Architecture: Artistic Visions of the Urban Realm, among other publications.
McKenzie paints with oil and acrylic on canvas. Her work captures architecture in transition. Past series have focused on construction sites, abandoned structures, hotel rooms, and parking garages– spaces that are fluid rather than fixed. With White Walls, the series of paintings McKenzie created from 2014 to 2020, she depicts the architecture of exhibition space: art fair tents, minimalist museum and gallery interiors, and video-screening rooms. Her work has been influenced by the writings of Brian O'Doherty, particularly his 1976 book, Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space, which explores the history and development of gallery architecture in response to modern art. In 2021, with the support of the Marion Fellowship, McKenzie launched a new project exploring the architecture of the US prison system.
# Galomecalpa lesta

Galomecalpa lesta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pastaza Province, Ecuador.
The wingspan is about 14 mm.
# Helvetia, Wisconsin

Helvetia is a town in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 649.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.2 square miles (93.8 km$^2$), of which, 35.9 square miles (93.1 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.8 km$^2$) of it (0.80%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 649 people, 271 households, and 198 families residing in the town. The population density was 18.1 people per square mile (7.0/km$^2$). There were 362 housing units at an average density of 10.1 per square mile (3.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 99.38% White, 0.15% African American, 0.15% Asian, and 0.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.31% of the population.
There were 271 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.81.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $40,104, and the median income for a family was $48,125. Males had a median income of $32,417 versus $21,602 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,229. About 3.3% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Leptophis bocourti

Leptophis bocourti is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Ecuador.
# La Adrada

La Adrada is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 2,155 inhabitants.
# Lepidotrema

Lepidotrema is a genus of monopisthocotylean monogeneans, belonging to the family Diplectanidae. All its species are parasites on fish. The type-species is Lepidotrema therapon Johnston & Tiegs, 1922.
The genus Squamodiscus Yamaguti, 1934 is considered a junior synonym of Lepidotrema.

## Species

According to the World Register of Marine Species, species include:
* Lepidotrema angustum (Johnston & Tiegs, 1922)
* Lepidotrema bidyana Murray, 1931
* Lepidotrema fuliginosum Johnston & Tiegs, 1922
* Lepidotrema kuwaitense Kritsky, Jimenez-Ruiz & Sey, 2000
* Lepidotrema longipenis (Yamaguti, 1934) Kritsky, Jiménez-Ruiz & Sey, 2000
* Lepidotrema simplex (Johnston & Tiegs, 1922)
* Lepidotrema tenue Johnston & Tiegs, 1922
* Lepidotrema therapon Johnston & Tiegs, 1922
# East Natuna gas field

The East Natuna gas field (former name: Natuna D-Alpha block) is a large natural gas field located in the South China Sea off northern Natuna Island, Indonesia. It is within the disagreed area claimed by China.

## History

The field was discovered in 1973 by Agip. In 1980, the Indonesian state-owned oil company Pertamina and Exxon formed a joint venture to develop Natuna D-Alpha. However, due to the high CO$_2$ content the partnership was not able to start production. In 1995, the Indonesian government signed a contract with Exxon but in 2007, the contract was terminated. In 2008, the block was awarded to Pertamina.
The new agreement was signed between Pertamina and ExxonMobil in 2010. Correspondingly, the field was renamed East Natuna to be geographically more precise. In 2011, the principal of agreement was signed between Pertamina, ExxonMobil, Total S.A. and Petronas. In 2012, Petronas was replaced by PTT Exploration and Production. As of 2016, negotiations about the new principal of agreement have not finalized and consequently, a production sharing contract is not signed.

## Reserves and development

The East Natuna gas field is located in the Greater Sarawak Basin (East Natuna Basin) about 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) north of Jakarta and 225 kilometres (140 mi) northeast of the Natuna Islands covering approximately 310 square kilometres (120 sq mi). The reservoir is at a water depth of 145 metres (476 ft) within the Miocene Terumbu Formation with a crest at 2,658 metres (8,720 ft) subsea. A maximum column height is 1,638 metres (5,374 ft). The thickness of the formation varies between 300 and 1,525 metres (984 and 5,003 ft). The estimated resource in place of the East Natuna field is around 222 trillion cubic feet (6.3 trillion cubic metres), of which total proven reserves of natural gas are 46 trillion cubic feet (1.3 trillion cubic metres), and production is forecast to be around 1.98 billion cubic feet per day (56 million cubic metres per day). The CO$_2$ content of the resource is about 71%.
The development of East Natuna is expected to cost US$20–40 billion. To save costs, the joint development of East Natuna, Tuna block (Premier Oil 65%, Mitsui Oil Exploration 35%), and South Natuna Sea Block B (ConocoPhillips 40%, Inpex 35%, Chevron Corporation 25%) has been proposed. Production is expected to be viable only if the oil price exceeds $100 per barrel. The production is expected to start not before 2030.
# French ship Surcouf

Five ships of the French Navy have been named in honour of privateer and slave trader Robert Surcouf:

## French ships named Surcouf

* French aviso Surcouf (1858), a sail and steam aviso
* French cruiser Surcouf (1889), a cruiser
* French submarine Surcouf (1929), a submarine cruiser
* French destroyer Surcouf (1953), a T 47-class destroyer
* French frigate Surcouf (1993), a La Fayette-class frigate
* Surcouf (1858)
* The protected cruiser Forbin, sister ship of Surcouf (1889–1921)
* The submarine cruiser Surcouf (1929–1942)
* The fleet escort destroyer Surcouf (1953–1972)
* The stealth frigate Surcouf (1997–present)
# Xinping Cui

Xinping Cui is a biostatistician focusing on metagenomics and associated problems in high-dimensional inference and data analysis including the multiple comparisons problem. Originally from China, she works in the US as a professor of statistics at the University of California, Riverside. She is a former chair of the university's Department of Statistics, and the director of the Riverside Statistical Consulting Collaboratory.

## Education and career

Cui graduated from Nankai University in 1994, with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. She earned a master's degree in mathematics from Nankai University in 1997, and a second master's degree in applied statistics from Bowling Green State University in 1998. She went to the University of California, Los Angeles for doctoral study in biostatistics, completing her Ph.D. in 2002. Her dissertation, Quantitative trait linkage analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression data, was supervised by David Elashoff.
While at UCLA, she also worked as a statistical analyst in the UCLA Reed Neurological Research Center. After completing her doctorate, she became an assistant professor at the University of California, Riverside, where she was tenured in 2008. She was chair of the university's Department of Statistics from 2015 to 2021.

## Recognition

Cui is an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute. She was named as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2023.