OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# South Yuba Canal Office

The South Yuba Canal Office was the headquarters for the largest network of water flumes and ditches in California. It is located at 134 Main Street, Nevada City, California, USA.

## Structure

Built in 1855, it was originally known as the Potter Building. A two-story brick structure, it was fitted with iron doors and shutters, plus a filigree balcony railing.
The space was first used as a drug store. From 1857 to 1880, it functioned as the South Yuba Canal Office. The Nevada City Chamber of Commerce is the building's current occupant. It is the oldest business building in Nevada City.

## South Yuba Canal Water Company

The South Yuba Canal Water Company that was run from this office was the first incorporated to supply water for hydraulic mining. Originally named in 1854 as the Rock Creek, Deer Creek, and South Yuba Canal Company as a consolidation of three rival ditch companies, the name was shortened in 1870 to the South Yuba Canal Company. Charles Marsh was the chief engineer and, it seems, one of the principals of the Rock Creek, Deer Creek, and South Yuba Canal Company (and was known as the "Father of Ditches"). The company built and operated flumes, reservoirs, and water ditches that carried water to connecting water systems that supplied hundreds of hydraulic mines in the area. In 1882, the company built a dam at Lake Fordyce to trap snowmelt and runoff for release in the dry season. The company later entered the utility business, and in 1905, its holdings went on to become a part of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company's hydroelectric system.

## South Yuba Canal

The company's original ditch was put into use in 1850. The South Yuba Canal is now part of the public lands of the Tahoe National Forest. The South Yuba Canal System is used for delivering domestic and agricultural water to Nevada City and its neighbor Grass Valley. The water also generates electricity in Northern California. It is approximately 18 mi (29 km) in length. Crossing private and National Forest lands, the canal is bordered by conifers and hardwoods.

## California Historical Landmark

The building is honored as the California Historical Landmark No. 832. The plaque's inscription reads:
   SOUTH YUBA CANAL OFFICE Headquarters for the largest network of water flumes and ditches in the state. The South Yuba Canal Water Company was the first incorporated to supply water for hydraulic mining. The original ditch was in use in May 1850, and this company office was in use from 1857 to 1880. The holdings later became part of the vast PG&E hydroelectric system...California Registered Historical Landmark No. 832..Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with the Nevada County Historical Landmarks Commission and the California Heritage Council, May 16, 1970.
# Derekutuğun, Bayat

Derekutuğun is a village in the Bayat District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 278 (2022).
# Derpowangsan

Derpowangsan is a populated place in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
# Selenomonas lacticifex

Selenomonas lacticifex is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.
# Selenomethionine

Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a naturally occurring amino acid. The L-selenomethionine enantiomer is the main form of selenium found in Brazil nuts, cereal grains, soybeans, and grassland legumes, while Se-methylselenocysteine, or its γ-glutamyl derivative, is the major form of selenium found in Astragalus, Allium, and Brassica species. In vivo, selenomethionine is randomly incorporated instead of methionine. Selenomethionine is readily oxidized.
Selenomethionine's antioxidant activity arises from its ability to deplete reactive oxygen species. Selenium and methionine also play separate roles in the formation and recycling of glutathione, a key endogenous antioxidant in many organisms, including humans.

## Substitution chemistry issues

Selenium and sulfur are chalcogens that share many chemical properties so the substitution of methionine with selenomethionine may have only a limited effect on protein structure and function. However, the incorporation of selenomethionine into tissue proteins and keratin in cattle, birds, and fish causes alkali disease.
Alkali disease is characterized by emaciation, loss of hair, deformation and shedding of hooves, loss of vitality, and erosion of the joints of long bones.
Incorporation of selenomethionine into proteins in place of methionine aids the structure elucidation of proteins by X-ray crystallography using single- or multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD or MAD). The incorporation of heavy atoms such as selenium helps solve the phase problem in X-ray crystallography.

## Dietary intake

Selenomethionine is readily available as a dietary supplement. It has been suggested by nutritionists that selenomethionine, as an organic form of selenium, is easier for the human body to absorb than selenite, which is an inorganic form. It was determined in a clinical trial that selenomethionine is absorbed 19% better than selenite.
# Selenomonas ruminantium

Selenomonas ruminantium is a species of Selenomonas bacteria which are closely associated with ruminants, aiding in digestion of their food. It is predominantly observed in the rumen of these animals, and is strictly anaerobic.

## Shape and classification

The bacterium has a rod-shaped structure.

## Gram classification
### 16S rRNA gene identification

Selenomonas ruminantium was originally placed with the Gram-positive Firmicutes phylum based on its 16S rRNA gene. It was believed to be correct until the flagellar basal test was performed.

### Flagellar basal test

The observation of flagella under electron microscope revealed the presence of four rings, a typical sign of gram negative species. Observation of the flagellar basal structure confirms that S. ruminantium has an outer membrane, a characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria . Gram-positive outer membranes or mycomembranes were recently reported for the Gram-positive general Corynebacterium and Mycobacterium, but none of them have flagella.

### Tuft flagella

The tuft of flagella is seen arising from the concave of basal body of S.ruminantium. The movement is achieved by self rotation about the axis of the body by the rotational force exerted by the tuft at the centre. If the polar region to midpoint distance is considered as 50% the tuft is located at the midpoint represented as 50% of the organism.

### Lateral flagella

The bacteria also exhibits polar or lateral flagellar structures depending upon the medium in which they are developed.

### Polymorphism in flagellar structures

Their flagella exhibits polymorphic properties depending upon the environment of the bacteria. Generally the flagellae protruding from all points are clustered around the midpoint. Flagellin is glycosylated.

### pH effect on the structure of flagella

The bacterial flagella's existence depends upon the pH. The rumen pH is about 5.5 to 7.
pH effect :
| pH range | Flagella |
| 0-3 | disappears |
| 3-5 | right handed coiled form |
| 5-8 | large curly coiled form |
| 8-14 | normal |

## Mobility
### Glucose effect

The medium of development determines the motility of the bacteria. For Selenomonas ruminantium, glucose suppresses the flagellation.
Medium of development :
| Medium | Motility |
| TYL | motile |
| TYG | immotile |
| TYL+glucose supplement | immotile |
| TYG+lactose supplement | immotile |

### Swimming

The microbe swims by self rotation about the axis of the body unlike its nearest appropriate comparison Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which the microbe rotates in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the body. The average number of flagella per 20 cells is 6.The microbe swims with a speed of 16ɥm/s.

### Hooks

The shape and size of the hooks on the flagellae differ by the physiological conditions present, but the general structure is S-shaped.
# Southern Ohio Museum

The Southern Ohio Museum is located in Portsmouth, Ohio, and serves the south and southeastern parts of the state. It is located in the former Security Central Bank Building, which was built in 1918 in the Beaux Arts style. It has been open as a museum since 1979.

## Permanent Exhibits

The museum features two permanent exhibits, one devoted to the work of Portsmouth native, Clarence Holbrook Carter, known for his work in the American Scene style, and “Art of the Ancients,” which contains over 10,000 prehistoric Native American objects.

## Other Exhibition Spaces

The remaining galleries at the museum are devoted to rotating exhibitions of contemporary Ohio and regional artists. Representative exhibitions include “The Cream of the Crop,” a biennial, juried exhibition with a thirty-year history, "Art 360" which presented a commissioned collection of artist-decorated ostrich eggs from the collection of Charles Bluestone as juxtaposed against the "egg series" of Clarence H. Carter, and "Waiting For Transcendence," a solo exhibition by Columbus artist April Sunami.

## History

The Southern Ohio Museum was built as the Security Savings Bank & Trust Company in 1918 by shoe manufacturer George D. Selby. In 1978, after the bank had moved to a new location, the company became the trustees of an artistic bequest from Dr. Russell Leiter (developer of the Leiter International Performance Scale). This inspired the company to donate its old building as a home for a new museum, with Leiter's bequest as its first permanent collection. The museum was initially funded by a $100,000 donation from Edmund J. Kricker, the chief executive officer at the First Federal Savings and Loan Association.

## Cultural Center

The Cultural Center portion of the building includes a live performance theater, a reading room and art studios.
# South Mountain Botanical Garden

South Mountain Botanical Garden (Chinese: 南山植物园) is the largest botanical garden in Chongqing. It is a major urban park of central Chongqing, and it is one of the 8 major civil projects of Chongqing Municipal.
It is located on Tongluo Mountain, an anticline range in southeastern edge of central Chongqing area.

## Gardens

The botanical garden is divided into many smaller gardens. Rose garden, camellia garden, plum blossom garden, orchis garden and the endangered species garden are the most popular ones.
A total of 1646 plant species are raised in the garden, most of which are subtropical low mountain species.
Triassic and Jurassic sedimentary rocks and geological structures are distributed throughout the garden.

## Great Golden Eagle

The Great Golden Eagle, a gold-colored cement eagle statue of more than 50 meters tall, is set in this garden. It is one of Chongqing's landmarks, and is used as a navigation mark by some airlines flying to Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport.
* This Chinese location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Denman, Nebraska

Denman is an unincorporated community in Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States.

## History

A post office was established at Denman in 1914, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1956. Denman was named for Francis Marion Denman, the original owner of the town site.
# Desert dry wash

Desert dry wash is a North American desert vegetation type (or biome) occurring in the flat bottoms of canyons and drainages that lack water at or near the surface most of the year, and are subject to periodic severe flooding events. Desert dry wash is contrasted with desert riparian vegetation, which occurs in desert canyons and drainages where there is year-round water at or near the surface. Plants must either be able to survive the severe flooding conditions or be able to reestablish themselves before the next flooding event. Some of these plants have evolved so that in order for their seeds to germinate, the seeds must be scarified or abraded by tumbling sand, gravel, and rocks during the flooding event. They must then quickly send down roots deep enough to be able to tap into deep underground water reserves, in order to survive the dry period after the flooding. Common dominant species of the desert dry wash include smoke tree (Psorothamnus spinosus), desert willow (Chilopsis linearis), catclaw (Senegalia greggii), cheesebush (Ambrosia salsola), and waterweed (Baccharis sergiloides).

## Gallery

* Dry wash bank vegetation (Baccharis sarothroides)
* Looking at Red Rock Wash
* Vegetation on dry wash bank
* Desert wash streamed.
* Dry desert wash stream bed
* Dry desert wash shoulder
* Red Rock Wash At Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area
* A Wide Dry Desert Wash at Red Rock Canyon NCA
# Southern Christian College (Philippines)

Southern Christian College is a college in Midsayap, Cotabato, Philippines.

## History

In 1937, Rev. Proculo Rodriguez of Silliman University visited Midsayap. He met Mr. Bibiano Quiñones and Mr. and Mrs. Fernando dela Serna and planned on putting up a Protestant school in Mindanao. In June 1941, the Maguindanao Institute was opened; it was registered as non-sectarian, a stock corporation with 37 stockholders. Mr. Quiñones, with more than half of the shares of stock of Maguindanao Institute, offered to donate his shares of stock to the new school. This gesture was influential in the decision of choosing Midsayap as the site of Southern Christian College.
The Cotabato and Davao Conferences bought the present site from the stockholders of the defunct Maguindanao Institute that dissolved itself and paved the way for the new Christian school, Southern Christian College (SCC). The members of the women's organization of both conferences raised initial contribution, cash or in-kind, to start the school's operation. SCC was established as a non-stock, non-profit religious educational institution in 1949. It was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an educational arm of United Church of Christ in the Philippines. The original incorporators, who also composed the first Board of Trustees, were: Atty. Florentino L. Martinez, Mr. Claudio P. Fajardo, Rev. Elton Brown, Mr. Clemente Dimafeliz, Dr. Samuel Royola, Rev. Manuel J. Villanueva, Mr. Fernando dela Cerna, Mr. Bibiano Quiñones, Mr. Juan Cruzado, and Mr. Emilio Albarico.
Since its foundation, Church Workers, either layperson or minister has administered Southern Christian College. Atty. Florentino L. Martinez served the SCC in 1949 to the 1950; Rev. Angel J. Alvaro, 1950–53; Prof. Guillermo Magdamo, 1953-1960; Bishop Proculo ROdriguez; 1960–63; Dr. Eliezer D. Mapanao (1965-1987); Dr. Filemon L. Lagon (1987-1994); Dr. Eliezer D. Mapanao (1994-1997); and Dr. Erlinda N. Senturias (1997- May 31, 2007), SCC's first Woman College President.
SCC embarked on auxiliary programs that will provide financial under girding to continue SCC's vision-mission in education. The SCC Feedmill that seeks to provide accessible, available and affordable livestock, feeds, was started by Rev. John Beran, a fraternal worker from the united Presbyterian Church in the USA. It was recently registered as Saranay Feeds.
# Depal

Depal is a village and a gram panchayat in Ramnagar II Block in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Location

Depal is located at 21°43′59″N 87°32′52″E﻿ / ﻿21.733123°N 87.547885°E﻿ / 21.733123; 87.547885.

### Urbanisation

93.55% of the population of Contai subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 6.45% of the population live in the urban areas and it is considerably behind Haldia subdivision in urbanization, where 20.81% of the population live in urban areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India, Depal had a total population of 3,359, of which 1,705 (51%) were males and 1,654 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 294. The total number of literates in Depal was 2,782 (90.77% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

Depal stands at the junction point of Depal-Majna-Kanthi Road and Egra-Ramnagar Road.

## Education

Ramnagar College at Depal was established in 1972. In addition to courses in arts, science and commerce, it offers courses in hospitality and tourism, and fishery and farm management.
Ramnagar B.Ed College at Depal offers graduation courses in education.

## Healthcare

There is a primary health centre at Hamirpur, PO Depal (with 2 beds).
# Southington, Ohio

Southington is an unincorporated community in central Southington Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. It lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 422 with State Route 305 and has a post office with the ZIP code 44470. It is part of the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.

## History

A post office called Southington has been in operation since 1826. The community takes its name from Southington Township, which was named after the town of the same name in Connecticut.

## Education

Children in Southington are served by the Southington Local School District. The district has one K-12 building south of Southington, administered as three separate schools:
* Southington Elementary School – grades K-5
* Southington Middle School – grades 6-8
* Chalker High School – grades 9-12

## Notable people

* Rick Badanjek, former NFL player for the Atlanta Falcons and Washington Redskins
* Mike Tyson, former professional boxer purchased and lived in a mansion in Southington during the 1990s
# Spanker, Ohio

Spanker is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office called Spanker was established in 1860, and remained in operation until 1904. The community was named on account of the spanker wagons which were once made here.
# Piriaka

Piriaka is a small rural settlement beside the Whanganui River, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Taumarunui on State Highway 4 (SH4), in New Zealand's King Country. Its name is Māori, from piri (to cling close) and aka (bush climbers of various kinds, such as rata).
The Piriaka Power Station is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of the settlement.
The Piriaka springs can be found just to the south of Piriaka (beside SH4 just at it starts to climb up to a higher altitude) at 38°55′33″S 175°20′27″E﻿ / ﻿38.92583°S 175.34083°E﻿ / -38.92583; 175.34083﻿ (Piriaka Springs). These springs are well known in the local area, and also provide the main water supply for the settlement.
About 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) further south along SH4, at 38°55′56″S 175°20′37″E﻿ / ﻿38.93222°S 175.34361°E﻿ / -38.93222; 175.34361﻿ (Piriaka lookout), there is a lookout providing an excellent view of the Whanganui River. This spot is known as the Piriaka lookout.
# David Douglass

David Douglass may refer to:
* David Douglass (actor) (1720–1786), British-American stage actor and theatre manager
* David Bates Douglass (1790–1849), civil and military engineer
* David Douglass (physicist) (born 1932), American physicist
* David F. Douglass, member of the California legislature
* David John Douglass, English political activist and writer
# Mabo v Queensland

Mabo v Queensland may refer to:
* Mabo v Queensland (No 1), decided 8 December 1988, overturned the Queensland Coast Islands Declaratory Act 1985 as incompatible with the Racial Discrimination Act 1975
* Mabo v Queensland (No 2), decided 3 June 1992, the more famous case that established a common law precedent for native title
# Mary Campbell

Mary Campbell may refer to:
* Mary Baine Campbell, American poet, scholar, and professor
* Mary Campbell (colonial settler) (1747/1748–1801), American colonial settler
* Mary Campbell, Countess of Argyll (1628–1668)
* Mary Campbell, Countess of Breadalbane and Holland, English noblewoman
* Mary Campbell (figure skater), American retired figure skater
* Mary Campbell (Highland Mary) (1763–1786), Scottish nursemaid and dairymaid romantically linked with Robert Burns
* Mary Dranga Campbell (1867–1957), American activist for the blind
* Mary Edith Campbell (1875/1876–1962), American suffragist and social economist
* Mary Greig Campbell (1907–1989), New Zealand librarian and Quaker
* Mary Katherine Campbell (1905–1990), two-time winner of the Miss America pageant
* Mary Maxwell Campbell (1812–1886), Scottish songwriter, composer, and poet
* Mary Schmidt Campbell (born 1947), dean at New York University
* Mary Winchester (Supernatural), née Mary Campbell, a character in the TV series Supernatural
# Glutathione peroxidase 8

Glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPx-8) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX8 gene. GPx-8 is a member of the glutathione peroxidase family.
# Stanley Cramp

Stanley Cramp OBE (24 September 1913 – 20 August 1987) was a British civil servant and ornithologist best known as the first Chief Editor of the encyclopaedic nine-volume handbook The Birds of the Western Palearctic (BWP).
Cramp was born in Stockport, Cheshire, the eldest son of Thomas and Edith Cramp. He gained a BA (Admin) in 1934 from Manchester University, studying at night school. He joined the Department of Customs and Excise in Manchester the same year and transferred to London in 1938. Apart from his war-time military service in the Royal Air Force from 1944 to 1946, he worked in London for the same Department until taking early retirement in 1970 to focus on BWP.
Cramp took up birdwatching as a boy, and serious ornithology dominated much of his life. He was active in British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) and Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), as well as the British Ornithologists' Union (BOU), serving in various administrative positions in all three, as well as in many other bodies. He joined the editorial board of the journal British Birds in 1960 and became Senior Editor in 1963, a position he kept for the rest of his life.
He was Vice Chairman of the Council for Environmental Conservation, known as CoEnCo, under Lord Craigton, and based in London. He appointed Edward Dawson as its Chief Officer in 1977. At that time he was also senior advisor to the European Commission on the Birds Directive. His unique insight led him to develop ideas of habitat protection, to complement the original purpose of stopping song birds being gunned down as they migrated south for the winter.
For the last 17 years of his life Cramp devoted himself to producing BWP, a monumental task which ultimately affected his health. After seeing the first four volumes published, and initiating the fifth, his health deteriorated, though he continued to struggle on with the task. He died following a stroke and subsequent pneumonia.

## Honours

Honours awarded to Cramp include:
* 1963 – Bernard Tucker Medal of the BTO
* 1966 – Gold Medal of the RSPB
* 1975 – OBE
* 1978 – Stamford Raffles Medal of the Zoological Society of London
* 1983 – Union Medal of the BOU
# Alexander Pearson (cricketer)

Alexander Gillespie Pearson (21 January 1856 – 24 January 1931) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and legal advocate.
The son of Andrew Pearson, he was born at Edinburgh in January 1856. He was educated firstly at the Loretto School in Musselburgh, before transferring to Rugby School. From Rugby, he matriculated ar Balliol College, Oxford in 1875. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University from 1876–78, making sixteen appearances. Pearson scored 163 runs at an average of 8.15, with a high score of 35. With his right-arm roundarm medium pace bowling, he took 16 wickets at a bowling average of 18.06 and best figures of 3 for 10.
After graduating from Oxford, Pearson became a member of the Faculty of Advocates. He was also a justice of the peace for Dumfriesshire. Pearson died in Switzerland at Locarno in January 1931. His brother, Robert, also played first-class cricket.