OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George W. F. Hallgarten

George W. F. Hallgarten, or Georg(e) Wolfgang Felix Hallgarten (January 3, 1901, München – May 22, 1975, Washington, DC), was a German-born American historian.
Hallgarten was a student of Max Weber in the University of Munich for a short time. In 1925 he became Dr. phil. in Munich, taught by Hermann Oncken and Karl Alexander von Müller. In 1933, he moved to Paris to flee the Nazis, mainly due to his Marxist approach and his pacifist conviction, as his mother was the German pacifist Constanze Hallgarten.
Hallgarten's grandfather Charles Hallgarten had U.S. citizenship already, but G. W. F. Hallgarten had to re-naturalize as an American in 1942. Afterwards, he took part in the U.S. war effort during World War II, working for the psychological warfare division (PWD).
When World War II ended, Hallgarten returned to the US, working as a historian, initially for the U.S. Army. When the Cold War evolved, he refused to work for the Army and resigned. He was a guest professor several times: in the U.S., in Germany, Japan (1965), India (1965) and Italy (1967), without a tenured professorship until 1972. Then he became Robert Lee Bailey professor at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte.

## Literary works

* Imperialismus vor 1914, 1951 (in German)
* "帝国主義と現代", 1967 (in Japanese)
* Why dictators?, 1967
* Das Wettrüsten, 1967 (in German)
* Hitler, Reichswehr, Industrie, 1955 (in German)
* Als die Schatten fielen, 1969 (in German), (self biography)
* Deutsche Industrie und Politik, 1974 (in German), (collaboration with J. Radkau)
# Spirama euphrages

Spirama euphrages is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Indonesia (Irian Jaya).
# Legislative Sejm

Legislative Sejm can refer to the two Polish Sejms known in Polish as Sejm Ustawodawczy:
* Legislative Sejm (Second Polish Republic), 1919–1922
* Legislative Sejm (1947–1952)
# Sunderland Docks

Sunderland Docks is an area of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. Home to the Port of Sunderland, the docks have access to the North Sea. Sunderland City Council took over the port in 1972 and since then deindustrialisation has caused the port to decline.

## History

The Sunderland Dock Company was formed by the Sunderland Dock Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. xiii) and was chaired by Sunderland's Member of Parliament George Hudson MP.
On 27 July 2018, a man was killed in an explosion at the docks. A spokesman for Northumbria Police said that "The police were made aware that a man had died in a suspected industrial accident on Prospect Row, at Sunderland Docks. The man was named as dock worker Brendan Eccles, a 61-year-old grandfather from Billingham. In 2019, the incident was investigated and examined by Sunderland City Council who produced a review into health and safety issues.
In 2020, a Greenpeace ship staged a protest off the coast of the docks.

## Politics

Sunderland Docks is part of the Sunderland Central parliamentary constituency.

## Popular culture

In 2021, scenes for the TV series Vera was filmed at the port.
# Friern Barnet Town Hall

Friern Barnet Town Hall is a municipal building in Friern Barnet Lane in Friern Barnet, London, England. The building, which was the headquarters of Friern Barnet Urban District Council from 1941 to 1965, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

In the late 19th century, the new Friern Barnet Urban District Council, which had been established in 1894, based itself at offices in Tudor House in Beaconsfield Road but then moved to an 18th-century mansion known as The Priory in Friern Barnet Lane in 1906.
Following significant urban growth in the early 20th century in what was then a developing outer London district, civic leaders decided to demolish The Priory and replace it with a modern town hall on the same site. They appointed Charles Cowles-Voysey, who had designed Watford Town Hall, to assess the design competition: the influence of Cowles-Voysey was apparent in the shape and features of the proposed building. A foundation stone for the new building was laid by the Council Chairman, Councillor John Edward Pickering, on 16 September 1939. It was designed by Sir John Brown, A E Henson and Partners in the Neo-Georgian style and was officially opened on 16 June 1941.
The design involved a concave main frontage of eleven bays facing onto the corner of Friern Barnet Lane and Friern Barnet Road; the central section featured a doorway on the ground floor with a wide cast iron balcony and shield above; there was a clock with a lantern above at roof level. English Heritage has described it as "a good example of pared-down modernism". The principal room was the council chamber which was contained within a structure jutting out to the rear of the main building. A control centre was established in the basement for civil defence purposes in the event of an enemy bomb attack. The future Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, gave a speech to the Friern Barnet Young Conservatives in the town hall in September 1965.
The building continued to serve as the headquarters of Friern Barnet Urban District for much of the 20th century but ceased to be the local seat of government following the formation of the London Borough of Barnet in 1965. The building was subsequently used as workspace for Barnet Council's education and children's departments. After a review by Barnet Council of all its properties in 2002, the building was deemed to be surplus to requirements and sold to Barratt Developments. A programme of works to convert the town hall into a block of apartments known as Aldermen Court was completed in July 2005.
# Zuo Guangdou

Zuo Guangdou (12 October 1575 – 26 August 1625) was a prominent censorate official in the early 17th century. He detained hundreds of fake officials and confiscated hundreds of fake seals. His main rival was Wei Zhongxian.

## Biography

On 12 October 1575, Zuo Guangdou was born in Tongcheng, Anhui. He was named Guangdou because his birthday coincided with the god Doumu's birthdate.
In 1607, he and Yang Lian both became censors for the censorate. After Zuo finished his investigations, seventy fake seals were confiscated while he detained one-hundred fake officials. After the Taichang Emperor died, Wei Zhongxian forced Zuo and Yang to move into the Renshou palace. Tensions grew between the eunuchs and the Donglin movement faction, whose head was Yang. He was promoted to the Left Minister of the Court of Judicature and Revision in March 1623. In 1624, Zuo Guangdou was promoted to the Left Minister of the Censorate.

### Against Wei Zhongxian

When Wei Zhongxian started to become a dictator in June of the same year, Yang Lian exposed Wei's twenty-four crimes and said that Wei should be put to death by Lingchi. Zuo Guangdou as well as more than seventy others supported Wei's impeachment. Along with them came another thirty-two crimes that were exposed. However, the Tianqi Emperor dismissed the accusations.
On 25 April 1625, Wei Zhongxian countered with false accusations. He stated that six members of the Donglin faction, including Yang Lian and Zuo Guangdou, had excepted bribes from Xiong Tingbi. The Wei faction tortured Donglin faction's Wang Wenyan into admitting that they had accepted bribes. Wei ruled that Yang Lian and Zuo Guangdou had twenty thousand stolen goods while Wei Dazhong had three thousand. This led to the imprisonment of Yang, Zuo, and four other members of the Donglin faction. They suffered five days of continuous torture. Shi Kefa, a disciple of Zuo, sneaked into the prison to visit his master. He said Zuo "was no longer in human form." Eventually, all six of them died due to the torture, with Zuo dying on 26 August 1625.

### Posthumous Honors

After the death of the Tianqi Emperor, the Chongzhen Emperor posthumously awarded the titles of "Right Minister of the Censorate"(右都御史) and "Assistant Protector of the Crown Prince" (太子少保). One of his sons was also accepted as an official. The Hongguang Emperor gave Zuo the posthumous name "Zhongyi" (忠毅).

## In Popular Culture

* A General, a Scholar, and a Eunuch is a 2017 Hong Kong science fiction drama show. Zuo Guangdou is played by Raymond Cho and is one of the protagonists. He is the "Scholar."
* Baifa Monü Zhuan is a wuxia novel by Liang Yusheng. Zuo Guangdou is a minor character who is a censorate official who is murdered by Wei Zhongxian's men.
# Evansville, Missouri

Evansville is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Evansville was established in 1872, and remained in operation until 1950. The community has the name of a railroad man, according to local history.
# Körchow

Körchow is a village and a former municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 25 May 2014, it is part of the town Wittenburg.
# Martina López

Martina Lopez (born 1962) is an American photographer known for her digital media works combining landscapes and 19th-century portraiture. She is currently a professor at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana, although she is originally from Seattle, Washington.

## Early life and education

Raised in a white middle-class neighborhood in Seattle, with seven other siblings of second generation Mexican descent, Lopez found inspiration in her personal life for her works. As a photography student at the University of Washington in 1986, she dabbled in digital images. While still in school, her father died and Lopez turned to old photo albums to reminisce, when she did this the photos awoke a curiosity and she became inspired to rewrite the narratives differently than what the photographs presented.
Lopez has a Bachelor's degree from University of Washington in Seattle, and a Master's degree in 1990 from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. She is currently a professor of Photography in the Art History department at the University of Notre Dame.

## Collections

Lopez's work has been held at The Crossroads Gallery for Contemporary Art, in which curator David Travis writes an extensive description of her work in relation to the collection.
Other museums holding her work include the Seoul Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Art Institute of Chicago.

## Honors and awards

Awarded National Endowment for the Arts Visual Arts Photography Fellowship.

## Publications

* Aperture Magazine, Portfolios 1: Computer Photomontage (1994)
* Naomi Rosenblum's A World History of Photography
* The Digital Eye by Silvia Wolf
* 100 Ideas That Changed Photography by Mary Warner Marien
* Digital Photography: Truth, Meaning, Aesthetics by Steven Skopik
# Ramón López Soler

Ramón López Soler (Manresa, 1806 – Barcelona, 1836) was a journalist and writer of the Spanish Romantic Movement. He died while very young, before developing a large body of original work. Along with Buenaventura Carlos Aribau, he founded the magazine El Europeo, which drew upon the collaborations of Englishman Ernesto Kook and Italians Luis Monteggia and Florencio Galli. The periodical exposed Spain to the panorama of European literature and helped introduce Romanticism, both in its Spanish manifestation and as it appeared across Germany, Italy, and England.
# Spirama glaucescens

Spirama glaucescens is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo (East Kasai, Katanga), Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Like other species of genus Spirama, S. glaucescens has a pattern on the wings when the moth is resting that looks like the face of a snake with slightly opened mouth.
# Gypsey (disambiguation)

Romani people are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.
Gypsey may also refer to:
* Gypsey (spring), an intermittent spring or stream
* Gypsey Race, a small river in Yorkshire
# Sunderland Corporation Tramways

Sunderland Corporation Tramways operated a tramway service in Sunderland (then part of County Durham) between 1900 and 1954.

## History

In 1900 Sunderland Corporation bought the Sunderland Tramways Company which had operated a horse-drawn tramway in the town since 1879.
Electrification of the service took place rapidly with the first converted service opening from Roker to Christ Church on 15 August 1900. The remaining services were upgraded by 1904.
During the First World War Sunderland, like many other local authorities, employed women on the tramcars as conductresses. There were 10 employed by 1915, although on lower wages than their male counterparts - 6s - 10s per week, compared with 11s - 15s per week for the men.
In April 1916, the town was attacked by a Zeppelin, and tram no 10 was badly damaged, along with the Tramway offices.
By 1920 the conductresses had retired, as the men who had returned from the war returned to their previous employment.
On 3 January 1921 the company started a joint service with the Sunderland District Electric Tramways to Houghton-le-Spring. On 2 December 1925 a new route was opened along Durham Road to Barnes Park, and then further extended four years later to Humbledon Hill. Twelve years later, the route along Fulwell Lane was extended on 10 May 1937 along Dykelands Road to Seaburn.
In 1932 two tramcars were obtained from the Mansfield and District Light Railways.
In 1948 the Durham Road line was extended to Grindon Lane, and in 1949 on to Thorney Close Road.
In the 1950s tram services began to close, beginning with the Villette Road route on 5 November 1950. On 1 October 1954 a final procession of trams left the Town Hall for Seaburn. By 1959 the last of the tram lines had been taken up.

## Depots

There were two depots. The main tramshed and offices were at Wheatsheaf corner in Monkwearmouth, grid reference NZ 39748 57851, and workshops were located off Hylton Road, grid reference NZ 38990 57262.

## General Managers

* Harry England 1900 - 1903
* Archibald Dayson 1903 - 1928
* Charles Albert Hopkins 1929 - 1948
* Harry Snowball 1948 - 1952
* Norman Morton 1952 – 1954 (General Manager of Sunderland Corporation Transport until 1969)

## Surviving trams

Car 16 was withdrawn in 1954 and spent some time at a football ground and then as farm accommodation. It was purchased for restoration in 1989 and was restored in 2003. It is operational at the Beamish Museum.

## Closure

The system was closed on 1 October 1954.
# Gooseneck Lake IV Site

The Gooseneck Lake IV Site, also designated 20DE44 , is an archaeological site located in Delta County, Michigan. The site dates from the Woodland period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
# Zoë Brigley

Zoë Brigley or Zoë Brigley Thompson (born 1981) is a Welsh poet, editor of Poetry Wales, and assistant professor in the Department of English of Ohio State University.

## Biography

Brigley was born in 1981 and grew up in Caerphilly in the Rhymney Valley. She has a BA (2002), MA (2004) and PhD (2007) from the University of Warwick. Her doctoral thesis was titled: Exile and ecology : the poetic practice of Gwyneth Lewis, Pascale Petit and Deryn Rees-Jones. She won a 2003 Eric Gregory Award, an award given by the Society of Authors for a collection by a poet aged under 30.
She has had three volumes of poetry published by Bloodaxe Books: The Secret (2007), Conquest (2012), and Hand & Skull (2019). All three were Poetry Book Society recommendations. In 2019 she published Notes from a Swing State: Writings from Wales and America and co-edited Feminism, Literature and Rape Narratives: Violence and Violation.
In 2021, Brigley edited a special issue of the magazine Magma Poetry with Rob A. Mackenzie and Kristian Evans. In 2021 Brigley and Marvin Thompson were appointed as the first joint editors of the magazine Poetry Wales. However, Thompson stepped down from the role three weeks later. Since then, Brigley has introduced a scheme where a series of contributing editors join the magazine for a couple of issues. She edited with Kristian Evans the anthology 100 Poems to Save the Earth for Seren Books, and in 2022 became a poetry editor for the press along with the Welsh poet Rhian Edwards.
Brigley was married to mathematics professor Dan Thompson, but they have divorced.

## Selected publications

* The Secret (2007), Bloodaxe Books: ISBN 9781852247874)
* Conquest (2012, Bloodaxe Books: ISBN 9781852249304)
* Hand & Skull (2019, Bloodaxe Books: ISBN 9781780374727)
* Notes from a Swing State: Writings from Wales and America (2019, Parthian Books: ISBN 9781912681617)
* Co-edited: Gunne, Sorcha; Thompson, Zoe Brigley, eds. (2010). Feminism, literature and rape narratives : violence and violation. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415806084.
# Everybody Lies

Everybody Lies may refer to:
* "Everybody Lies" (2004), an episode of House; also called "Pilot"
* "Everybody Lies" (2017), an episode of Emerald City
* "Everybody Lies" (2017), a song by Christina Grimmie
* Everybody Lies (2017), a book by Seth Stephens-Davidowitz
# Zhongwei goat

The Zhongwei (Chung-wei) is a breed of goat from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Gansu Province of China. It lives on arid desert steppes, and is adapted to a diet of salty and sandy plants and shrubs. It is used primarily for the production of kid pelts, and secondarily for cashmere fiber. The breed has low genetic variability, likely due to the historic selection of pelt production traits. It is closely related to the Funiu White, Hexi Cashmere, Luliang Black, and Taihang breeds.
Males weigh 39 kg on average, and females weigh 24.5 kg on average. Both males and females grow spiral horns. The fur color is white, and occasionally black.

## Uses
### Pelts

Kids are killed when they are 35 days old for their white, curly pelts. Zhongwei reach sexual maturity at 5–6 months of age, and are typically mated at 18 months of age with a kidding percentage of 104-106%.

### Cashmere

Although they are mainly used for kid pelts, Zhongwei can be used for cashmere production. Males grow 140 g of cashmere on average and females grow 120 g on average, at a cashmere percentage of 25%, length of 7.0 cm and 12.5 microns. The quality of fur produced has declined, however, due to degradation of the land they graze on.
# Mary Frances Crowley

Mary Frances Crowley (1 August 1906– 11 March 1990), was an Irish educator and nurse who founded nursing training schools.

## Biography

Mary Frances Crowley was born 1 August 1906 in Wexford, at 12 William Street, the eldest child of John Crowley, a lighthouse keeper, stationed in Hook Head lighthouse at the time, and his wife Emily (née Williams), daughter of a lighthouse keeper. Her father's profession took the family around Ireland both to wherever he was stationed and to other houses for the lighthouse keepers' families while he was stationed in remote locations. Crowley went away to the UK to gain her nursing qualifications from 1931 to 1935. She trained for her State Registered Nursing Certificate in St Catherine's Hospital, Birkenhead and St James's Hospital, Chester (later the Chester City Hospital which closed in 1994.) She then achieved her State Registered Midwifery Certificate, with training from the maternity hospitals in Liverpool and Mile End Hospital in London. Crowley came back to Ireland in 1941 to work in Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital in Dublin. She established an obstetrics nurse and midwifery nursing school in what is now Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda and in 1944 Crowley became the Assistant Matron of the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital. When World War II ended Crowley volunteered with the Irish Red Cross Hospital at Saint-Lô as their matron. She and the staff won the Medal of French Gratitude in 1948 for their work. On her return, Crowley began the Nursing Training School at the Eye and Ear hospital and went on to become the Director of Nursing Studies. In 1948 she founded the first ophthalmic nurse training school in Ireland.
Crowley was Honorary secretary of the National Council of the Nurses of Ireland and vice-president of the Irish Guild of Catholic Nurses. Crowley was the founding president of the Nurse Tutor's Academic Society in 1960. She went on to be appointed the first Dean of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Faculty of Nursing in 1974.
Crowley retired in 1980 but remained committed to nursing education. She died in Dublin 11 March 1990 and after a funeral cortège which passed the college to the Newman University Church, St Stephen's Green she was buried in Fingal Cemetery, Balgriffin, County Dublin. The RCSI flew their flag at half mast. In 2019 they commissioned her portrait, which is hanging in the school.
# Silicon (disambiguation)

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
Silicon may also refer to:
* Silicon (journal), a scientific journal
* Apple silicon, a series of processors designed by Apple
# Diarsia cia

Diarsia cia is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Taiwan.
The wingspan is 36–39 mm.
# Robarts

Robarts or Robartes may refer to:

## Surnames

* Charles Robartes (1660–1723), Second Earl of Radnor
* Gerald Robarts (1878–1961), British soldier and squash rackets player
* John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor (1606–1685), succeeded his father, Richard, as Baron Robartes
* John Robarts (1917–1982), Canadian politician
* John Robarts (Baháʼí) (1901–1991), Canadian Baháʼí, a Hand of the Cause of God
* John Robarts (VC) (1818–1888), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Richard Robarts (born 1944), English Formula One driver
* Robert Robartes (1634–1682), Viscount Bodmin
* Thomas Agar-Robartes, 6th Viscount Clifden (1844-1930) known as Lord Robartes from 1882 to 1899

## Other uses

* Baron Robartes, a British hereditary peerage first created on 1625 for Richard Robartes
* Robarts Library, the main humanities and social sciences library of the University of Toronto
* Robarts Research Institute, a non-profit medical research facility in London, Ontario with a staff of nearly 600 people
# Rubus roribaccus

Rubus roribaccus a North American species of brambles in the rose family, called the Lucretia blackberry. It grows in eastern Canada (Québec) and the eastern and central United States (from New York and Massachusetts south to the Carolinas and west as far as Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska).
Rubus roribaccus has a thick stem, round in cross-section and with straight prickles. Leaves are compound with 3 or 5 leaflets. Fruit is black, spherical or slightly oblong.
The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.
# French ship Artémise

Three ships of the French Navy have borne the name Artémise in honour of Queen Artemisia I of Caria:
* Artémise (1794), a 32-gun Magicienne-class frigate
* Artémise (1829), a 60-gun frigate which took part in the Laplace affair in Honolulu.
* Artémise (1847), a 28-gun corvette