OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Company of Cacheu and Rivers and Commerce of Guinea

The Company of Cacheu and Rivers and Commerce of Guinea (Portuguese: Companhia de Cacheu, rios e comércio da Guiné) was a Portuguese colonial company. It succeeded the Guinea Coast Company and was intended to promote trade in manufactured fabrics, ivory, and slaves in the Guinea region of West Africa.

## History

Plans for Portugal to set up a new monopolized company has been proposed by Duarte Nunez in 1654 and Manuel de Costa Pessoa in 1671. In 1664 an attempt was made to create a company to trade at Palmarin, but it was unsuccessful.$^{:292}$ After years of bureaucratic debates, the Portuguese monarchy established the Company of Cacheu and Rivers and Commerce of Guinea in 1675. Its privileges were confirmed on May 19, 1676 by Prince Regent Peter II, namely the right to trade slaves and other products off the coast of Guinea and the Cape Verde islands, as well as exporting said products to the Americas. However, 1/3rd of the company's ships were reserved for Cape Verde residents who could have their own products shipped within the scope of a guaranteed right to free trade in the area. The Cape Verde residents had a large degree of autonomy, with the only exception of being prohibited to deal with foreigners.$^{:293}$ Such amends to the company's regulations were mainly the doing of Cape Verde governor at the time, João Cardoso Pissaro [pt].
The company's first captain-major, Antonio de Barros Bezerra, served for four years before being arrested for corruption and illegal trade with foreign ships, but was acquitted.$^{:297}$ Although it served as a prominent middleman in coastal trade, the company was never able to establish the true monopoly that it and the Portuguese Conselho Ultramarino [pt] had envisioned upon its creation, and it ceased activities in 1682, being succeeded by the Cacheu and Cape Verde Company from 1690 onwards.$^{:302}$
# Alexander Oakes

Alexander Waddington Oakes (born November 1968) is a British businessman, and the co-founder and an executive of Behavioural Dynamics Institute and SCL Group (formerly Strategic Communication Laboratories), the parent company of Cambridge Analytica and her sister AggregateIQ; the companies became known to a wider audience as a result of the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal involving the misuse of data. From the early 1990s, Oakes' companies, operating under succession of names, were involved in influencing elections in developing countries, and with the onset of the War on Terror they were also contracted by the British military.

## Early life

Alexander Oakes' brother Nigel John Oakes was also an executive (CEO) with SCL Group/Cambridge Analytica.

## Career

In 2005, Oakes co-founded the London-based SCL Group (formerly Strategic Communication Laboratories), along with his older brother Nigel Oakes and Alexander Nix, described as a polo playboy whose father Paul David Ashburner Nix also became an investor in the company.
In 2013, SCL established Cambridge Analytica, a subsidiary aiming to target the American elections market and led by fellow Old Etonian Alexander Nix, a director of SCL for 14 years. The company was engaged by the Ted Cruz and Donald Trump campaigns during the 2016 US presidential election, and reportedly also worked on dozens of other elections in the U.S. during its existence. The company went bankrupt in 2018 following the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal. Cambridge Analytica claimed to use honey traps, bribery stings, and prostitutes, among other tactics, to influence more than 200 elections globally for its clients.
# Do Risos e Lagrimas

Do Risos e Lagrimas is a 1926 Brazilian drama film directed by Alberto Traversa.
The film premiered in Rio de Janeiro on 25 August 1926.

## Cast

* Eduardo Arouca as João de Souza
* João Baldi
* Túlia Burlini
* Virgínia Cassoval
* Anita Henrys as Ophelia
* Daniel Herlink
* N. Jacobson as Apolinário
* Guy Leal as Simões
* A. Longari
* Luiz Gonzaga Martins
* Inah Renlow as Inah
* Aldo Rine as Fernando
* Luiz Roberto
* Alberto Traversa
# Alvania craticula

Alvania craticula is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

Fossils were found in the Danian strata (Paleocene) near Mons, Belgium.
# Marville-Moutiers-Brûlé

Marville-Moutiers-Brûlé (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
# Glutamic acid (data page)

The complete data for Glutamic acid (v) :
* Database data |
* SMILES: OC(=O)CCC(N)C(=O)O InChI=1/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1/f/h7,9H - (L)  ATC: N/A CAS: [56-86-0] DrugBank: N/A EINECS: 200-293-7 PubChem: 23327 (D) , 33032 (L) |
* Physical properties |
* Structure Crystal data Spectral dataUV-Vis IR NMR MS - Masses of main fragments: GMD MS SpectrumPhase behavior Solid properties ρ$_{solid}$: 1.538 g.cm$^{−3}$ T$_m$: 247-249 °C Liquid properties Gas properties |
* Hazard properties |
* MSDS N/AMain hazards:- N/ANFPA 704Flash point- N/ARTECS number: N/A |
* Chemical properties |
* XLogP: -3.386pI: 3.22pK$_a$: 2.16, 4.15, 9.58Tautomers: 0Hydrogen bond: donor - 3;  acceptor - 5 |
* Pharmacological properties |
* view
* Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
* Reliability of data general note.
# Sea and Sardinia

Sea and Sardinia is a travel book by the English writer D. H. Lawrence. It describes a brief excursion undertaken in January 1921 by Lawrence and his wife Frieda, a.k.a. Queen Bee, from Taormina in Sicily to the interior of Sardinia. They visited Cagliari, Mandas, Sorgono, and Nuoro. His visit to Nuoro was a kind of homage to Grazia Deledda but involved no personal encounter. Despite the brevity of his visit, Lawrence distils an essence of the island and its people that is still recognisable today. Extracts were originally printed in The Dial during October and November 1921 and the book was first published in New York, USA in 1921 by Thomas Seltzer, with illustrations by Jan Juta. A British edition, published by Martin Secker, came out in April 1923.

## Standard edition

* Sea and Sardinia (1921), edited by Mara Kalnins, Cambridge University Press, 1997 ISBN 0-521-24275-4.
* Sea and Sardinia (1921), edited by Jon Clarke (Publisher & Editor), The Olive Press, London, 1989 ISBN 0-946889-20-1.
* Italian edition: Mare e Sardegna, Introduzione di Luciano Marrocu, Nuoro, Ilisso, Scrittori di Sardegna, 2000 ISBN 8887825173.
* Online version with illustrations online-literature.com
# Polovina

Polovina may refer to:

## Places

* Polovina, Albania (sq), village in Perondi Municipality, Kuçovë District, Berat County, Albania
* Polovina, Estonia, village in Meremäe Parish, Võru County, Estonia
* Polovina, Vologda Oblast, Russia
# Stöð 2 Sport

Stöð 2 Sport is an Icelandic television channel that broadcast a wide variety of different sports in Iceland. Stöð 2 Sport is only broadcast in Iceland and only in Icelandic.

## Sports shown

Stöð 2 Sport offers a wide variety of live sports to choose from including most broadcast list first.
* Basketball Men's Domino's League, Women's Domino's League, NBA and Spanish Liga ACB
* Boxing World Championship boxing
* Football, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, Spanish La Liga, English FA Cup, English League Cup, Icelandic Premier League, Icelandic National Team away games, all English National Team games and other top international matches.
* Golf, PGA Tour, European Tour, The Ryder Cup, US Open, The Masters, Players Championship, Icelandic Tour.
* Handball European Champions League and German Bundesliga
* Poker Poker After Dark, World Poker Tour and World Series of Poker
* Motocross
* NFL
* Tennis Wimbledon
* UFC Ultimate Fighting Championship

## Football matches

Stöð 2 Sport shows football matches from a variety of different leagues and tournaments including the
* Champions League (UEFA)
* La Liga
* Copa América (CONMEBOL)
* FA Cup (FA)
* League Cup (EFL)
* European Qualifiers (UEFA)
* Besta deild karla (KSI)
* Europa League (UEFA)
* Super Cup (UEFA)
* International friendlies
* Premier League
* Serie A (FIGC)
* World Cup (FIFA)

## Additional Channels

Stöð 2 Sport provide additional channels for when multiple events are ongoing, these are:
* Stöð 2 Sport 2 HD
* Stöð 2 Sport 3 HD
* Stöð 2 Sport 4 HD
* Stöð 2 Sport 5
* Stöð 2 Sport 6
# Domenico Rancadore

Domenico Rancadore (aka Marc Skinner and "the teacher") is accused by the Italian government of being a past boss in the Sicilian Mafia, also known as Cosa Nostra. Italian police listed him as one of Italy's "most wanted criminals".

## Mafia

The BBC described him as "head of a crime family", and the Italian press identified him as the one-time boss of the Mafia organisation in the town of Trabia, in the province of Palermo. The Italian deputy prime minister, Angelino Alfano, said he is an "important mobster".
In 1993, after Rancadore was found not guilty of Mafia-related crimes by Italian courts, he moved to England. The Italian courts convicted Rancadore in 1999 in absentia of being part of a criminal organisation; he was sentenced to seven years in jail on that charge.

## England

After he moved to England in 1993, Rancadore opened a travel agency with his wife. While English authorities were aware that Rancadore was in London they were unable to arrest him because, unlike Italy, in England, Mafia association is not a crime. Italian authorities asked for his extradition to Italy in January 2012, which was denied by the British authorities. According to Vittorio Teresi from the prosecution office in Palermo: "The crime of Mafia association is not recognised in the British legal system. The extradition request was not even considered."

## Arrest

Rancadore was arrested on 7 August 2013 in Manor Waye, Uxbridge, London. When he saw the police, he left his house via a back door in an attempt to escape but was apprehended by a waiting policeman. After he was captured, a new arrest warrant was made, as Rancadore's lawyers claimed that the previous warrant contained "significant deficiencies". Rancadore was arrested following a European arrest warrant being issued.

### Trial

Rancadore was denied bail by a judge at Westminster Magistrates' Court and had an extradition hearing set for 25 November 2013. Gaetano Lima, a past member of the mafia turned informer, described Rancadore as dangerous. The representative for the defense questioned whether Rancadore was a leader in the Mafia.
On February 28, 2014, the extradition hearing was adjourned until Monday March 17, when it was determined at Westminster Magistrates' Court that Rancadore would not be extradited back to Italy. District judge Howard Riddle said a recent decision of the Administrative Court, which binds lower courts in England, led to his decision.

### Concerns

Rancadore raised concerns that if he was extradited back to Italy, he would be killed by the Mafia. Rancadore reportedly said that "I’m not going back, they’ll kill me".
# Andrew Pyle (philosopher)

Andrew Pyle (born 17 March 1955) is a British philosopher on the history of philosophical atomism.
Pyle is professor Emeritus in Early Modern Philosophy at the University of Bristol, where he also received his doctorate. His dissertation was titled Atomism and its Critics: Democritus to Newton. Pyle also writes on the history of science and has given talks within the university on the nature of science historically. Pyle is one of the editors of the Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy. Andrew Pyle engaged in an apologetics debate with William Lane Craig in 2008 on the topic: Does the Christian God Exist?
In 2018, Bristol University held an all day conference honouring the thematic themes of Pyle's research

## Publications

* Hume's Dialogues on Natural Religion (Continuum, 2006)
* Malebranche (Routledge, London, 2003)
* Boyle on Science and the Mechanical Philosophy: A Reply to Chalmers, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 33 (2002), 175-190
* The Rationality of the Chemical Revolution, in Nola & Sankey, eds, After Popper, Kuhn and Feyerabend (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2000)
* Atomism and its Critics: Democritus to Newton (Thoemmes, Bristol 1995)
# Domeothrips

Domeothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae.

## Species

* Domeothrips aruena
* Domeothrips catenulatae
* Domeothrips distinctus
* Domeothrips newmani
* Domeothrips ophthalmia
# André Gernez

André Gernez (25 January 1923 – 8 January 2014) was a French physician, oncologist, and radiologist. His work has received criticism from other medical professionals as being unscientific, or alternative medicine.
Gernez explained diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, through a theory of mitosis and differentiation. He posited that only limited populations of cells within tissue are able to divide, comparing tissue to a colony of bees in which only the queen is able to reproduce.

## Biography

André Gernez was born in January of 1923 in Avesnes-les-Aubert.
Gernez enlisted in the military during World War II at the age of 14 under special exemption, and was certified as a military doctor in 1944. At the time, he was the youngest doctor in France at the age of 21.
Gernez established a radiology-radiotherapy practice, which he ran from 1968 to 1976.
In 1989 Gernez co-founded an association, Organic Union International (OUI), in favor of self-medication with doctors Jacques Lacaze and Jean-Pierre Willem.
He died aged 90 in 2014.

## Beliefs and Criticism

In 1970, Gernez contested the belief first established by Santiago Ramón y Cajal that neurogenesis ceases after birth, postulating that neurogenesis can continue after birth. Gernez's theory is not held to be true by the general scientific community, as supporting evidence only suggests that mitosis of neural cells does not continue after birth.
In 1980, Gernez proposed a "biological need to believe," suggesting that religious belief is genetically fixed in the limbic system. Although others have proposed similar theories, there is no empirical evidence suggesting that religion has a biological basis.
Oncologist Olivier Jallut describes Gernez's preventative treatments as dangerous and unacceptable, and his curative methods as lacking in scientific legitimacy. Jallut cites earlier writings by Vigeral on the topic, who similarly described Gernez's work as having no scientific basis, with inadequate evaluation methods, and his practices as ineffective and potentially dangerous.

## Awards

* 1979: Hans Adalbert Schweigart medal from World Union for Protection of Life on 17 June in Salzburg, Austria with Konrad Lorenz.
* 2007: November 19, gold medal of Societé d'Encouragement au Progrès (SEP) in Senate at Paris, France.

## Bibliography and films

* Prévention de la dégénérescence cancéreuse et artérielle, André Gernez, (available in 2009).
* Le scandale du siècle, tome 1 & 2, DVD André Gernez with the collaboration of Jean-Pierre Willem, produced by Jean-Yves Bilien, 2007.
* Les grands médicaments, Henri Pradal et André Gernez, éd. Edition du Seuil, Paris (France), 1975.
* Néo-postulats biologiques et pathogéniques, André Gernez, éd. La vie Claire, Mandres-les-roses (France), 1975, first published October 1968, 122 pages.
* Loi et règles de la cancérisation, André Gernez, éd. Verschave, Roubaix (France), 1970, 168 pages.
* Le cancer, dynamique et éradication, André Gernez, December 1969, 162 pages.
* La carcinogénèse, mécanisme et prévention (essai sur la dynamique des populations cellulaires), André Gernez, March 1969, 182 pages.
# Svarterud

Svarterud is a village in Lillestrøm, Akershus, Norway.
* This Akershus location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Svartfjellet

Svartfjellet may refer to several mountains in Norway:
* Svartfjellet (Kvaløya), a mountain in Hammerfest municipality in Finnmark county
* Svartfjellet (Kvænangen), a mountain in Kvænangen Municipality in Troms county
* Svartfjellet (Loppa), a mountain in Loppa Municipality in Finnmark county
* Svartfjellet (Norddal), a mountain in Fjord Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county
* Svartfjellet (Nordreisa), a mountain in Nordreisa Municipality in Troms county
* Svartfjellet (Rendalen), a mountain in Rendalen Municipality in Innlandet county
* Svartfjellet (Senja), a mountain in Senja Municipality in Troms county
# Dominic Boyer

Dominic Boyer is an American-born cultural anthropologist, writer, filmmaker and podcaster whose work focuses on relationships between energy and environment, media and politics. He is the son of historian John W. Boyer.
He is Professor of Anthropology at Rice University, where he served from 2013 to 2019 as the Founding Director of its Center for Energy and Environmental Research in the Human Sciences (CENHS).

## Teaching and research

Boyer served as co-editor of the journal Cultural Anthropology from 2015 and 2018 and was recognized for his commitment and leadership in Open Access (OA) scholarship, including participating on the Executive Committee of the Libraria collective. Together with his partner, Cymene Howe, Boyer produced and co-hosted two hundred episodes of the environmental humanities podcast series, "Cultures of Energy." Also with Howe, he produced and co-directed a documentary about Okjökull the first Icelandic glacier to fall victim to climate change, Not Ok: A little movie about a small glacier at the end of the world. In August 2019, Boyer and Howe organized the installation of a memorial to Okjökull, an event that was widely covered by the international news media.
in 2019, Boyer was awarded the Berlin Prize by the American Academy in Berlin.
# Domestic Encyclopedia

The Domestic Encyclopaedia; or, A dictionary of facts, and useful knowledge: comprehending a concise view of the latest discoveries, inventions, and improvements, chiefly applicable to rural and domestic economy is a small encyclopedia of the English language, in four volumes, published in London in 1802 by Murray and Highley, and compiled by Anthony Florian Madinger Willich. While most encyclopedias of the time, such as Encyclopædia Britannica, were printed in quarto, or in the case of Chambers Cyclopædia, even folio, the Domestic Encyclopedia was printed in octavo, 5 1/2 by 8+1⁄2 inches. There are roughly 500 pages per volume, and 28 plates in total. Volume 4 includes a 70-page supplement and a 33-page index. The subject matter of the encyclopedia centers around domestic and agricultural information, during a time when most people were farmers. Most of the plates show farm equipment.
An American edition was expanded to 5 volumes octavo by James Mease and published in 1803 in Philadelphia by W. Y. Birch and Abraham Small. Roughly 500 pages per volume, and 35 plates total.
A second American edition was condensed to 3 volumes octavo by Thomas Cooper and published in 1821 in Philadelphia by Abraham Small. Roughly 600 pages per volume.
# Andy Dudish

Andrew Charles Dudish (October 13, 1918 – January 19, 2001) was an American football halfback.
Dudish was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1918 and attended Hanover High School in Hanover, Pennsylvania. He played college football for Georgia from 1940 to 1942. He was a member of the undefeated 1942 Georgia Bulldogs football team that won a national championship. He played in Georgia's backfield with Frank Sinkwich and earned a reputation as "a vicious, savage tackler" and "one of the most outstanding defensive backs Georgia has ever known."
Dudish served in the Army from 1943 to 1945 during World War II. He suffered a fractured vertebrae in 1944 during a football game at Fort Benning.
Dudish played professional football in the All-America Football Conference for the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 and Baltimore Colts in 1947 and in the National Football League for the Detroit Lions in 1948. He appeared in 29 professional football games, six of them as a starter, and totaled 141 rushing yards, 163 receiving yards, 622 punt and kick return yards, and two touchdowns.
After retiring as a player, Dudish worked for a life insurance company and coached youth football in Georgia. With his wife, Lugenia, he had two sons and three daughters. He died in 2001 in Lawrenceville, Georgia, of complications from pneumonia.
# Dominique Probst

Dominique Probst (born 1954) is a French composer.
The son of a noted playwright, Gisèle Casadesus, and an actor and director with the Comédie-Française, Lucien Probst, Dominique Probst won the First Prize for Percussion with the National Music Conservatory, Paris, in 1978. He has also been the timpanist of the Colonne Orchestra since 1973.
In addition to performing as an instrumentalist and being a composer Probst gives instruction in percussion, chamber music, and musical education in various Parisian conservatories.
Foremost among his compositions is his opera Maximilian Kolbe, to a libretto by Eugène Ionesco, about the Polish priest who died to save a fellow inmate in Auschwitz. The opera was first performed in Rimini, Italy in 1988.
# Dolichesia lignaria

Dolichesia lignaria is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1913. It is found in Peru.
# Coniston Cold

Coniston Cold is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the Staincliffe Wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the village lies 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Skipton along the A65.
St Peter's Church, Coniston Cold, was built in 1846.
According to the 2001 UK census, Coniston Cold parish had a population of 186, increasing to 203 at the 2011 Census.
# Erica Brittain

Erica Hyde Brittain is an American biostatistician at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, where she is deputy branch chief in the Biostatistics Research Branch. Her research includes work on clinical trials. She is a coauthor of a book on statistical hypothesis tests, Statistical Hypothesis Testing in Context: Reproducibility, Inference, and Science (with Michael P. Fay, Cambridge University Press, 2022).

## Education and career

Brittain majored in mathematics at Tufts University, graduating in 1977. After earning a master's degree in statistics in 1980 from Stanford University, she completed a Ph.D. in 1984 at the University of North Carolina (UNC). Her dissertation, Determination of $p$-values for a $k$-sample extension of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov procedure, was advised by Thomas Fleming of the Mayo Clinic (where her fiancé worked) but officially supervised by Clarence E. (Ed) Davis at UNC.
After working for the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, she moved to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in 2003, and became deputy branch chief in 2013.

## Recognition

Brittain's book on hypothesis testing was a finalist in mathematics and statistics in the 2023 PROSE Awards.
She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2023.
# QGP

QGP may refer to:
* Quark–gluon plasma, in physics
* Garanhuns Airport (IATA code), Brazil
* QGP, a Q code for radio services