OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen Mahamudu Yakubu

Stephen Mahamudu Yakubu is a Ghanaian diplomat /Politician and a member of the New Patriotic Party of Ghana. He is currently Ghana's ambassador to the Kingdom of Morocco.

## Ambassadorial appointment

In July 2017, President Nana Akuffo-Addo named Stephen Yakubu as Ghana's ambassador to the Kingdom of Morocco. He was among twenty two other distinguished Ghanaians who were named to head various diplomatic Ghanaian mission in the world.
# ERH (gene)

In molecular biology, Enhancer of rudimentary homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERH gene.
The Drosophila protein enhancer of rudimentary protein is a small protein of 104 amino acids. It has been found to be an enhancer of the rudimentary gene, involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.
From an evolutionary point of view, enhancer of rudimentary is highly conserved and has been found to exist in probably all multicellular eukaryotic organisms. It has been proposed that this protein plays a role in the cell cycle.
# The Eclipse of Ages into Black

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Eclipse of Ages into Black is the debut full-length studio album by American extreme metal band Goatwhore. It was released on February 22, 2000.

## Credits

* Ben Falgoust – vocals
* Sammy Duet – guitars
* Ben Stout – guitars
* Pat Bruders – bass
* Zak Nolan – drums
# Eduardo Jorge Anzorena

Eduardo Jorge Anzorena is a pioneer in collaborative search for humane and practical solutions to the housing crisis among Asia's urban poor.
# Richlind of Altdorf

Richlind of Altdorf (c.990- 12 June 1045) was a German noblewoman and a member of the Swabian line of the Elder House of Welf.

## Life

Richlind was the daughter of Rudolf II, Count of Altdorf and Ita (or Ida), daughter of Conrad I, Duke of Swabia. She was married to Adalbert II, count of Ebersberg. The couple had no children.
When Richlind’s husband, Adalbert, was dying (in March 1045) he made a donation to the monastery of Ebersberg and left his remaining property to his wife. Richlind enlisted the help of Emperor Henry III, to transfer this property to her nephew, Welf III, the son of her brother, Welf II.
Richlind died on 12 June 1045, when a building in which she was standing collapsed.
# Frank Brown (footballer, born 1890)

Frank Brown (born 1890) was an English football player and manager.
Brown began his football career with Barnsley in 1910, moving to Rotherham County in 1914 and then to Huddersfield Town in 1915. In August 1919 he joined Blackpool, but struggled to break into the first team and left to join Exeter City in May 1921. He stayed only one season at St. James' Park, moving to Pontypridd in June 1922 before returning to Devon and joining Torquay United in 1923.
He retired prior to Torquay achieving league status, but became the club's trainer and with Percy Mackrill in charge saw United elected to the Football League. In May 1932 he was appointed manager of Torquay United, and during his six seasons at the helm at Plainmoor, Torquay finished 10th 3 times, and 20th (out of 22 teams) 3 times.
In May 1938, Brown moved to the manager's chair at Chester, leading them to 6th place in Division Three (North) and a second replay against Sheffield Wednesday in the 4th round of the FA Cup in his first season. The war intervened in September 1939 with Chester unbeaten after 3 games of the new season, and Chester joined a regional league alongside the likes of Manchester United, Liverpool, Everton and Manchester City. When league football resumed, Chester finished the 1946–47 season in 3rd place and won the Welsh Cup the same year. However, the following seasons saw mid-table finishes at best as he struggled with the limited resources available. He eventually left Chester in May 1953, and was manager of Stafford Rangers in 1954–55.
He died shortly after finishing his football managerial career.
# Methbot

Methbot was an advertising fraud scheme.

## History

Methbot was first tracked in 2015 by cybersecurity firm White Ops, and the botnet saw rapidly increased activity in 2016. The botnet originated in Russia (though it was not state sponsored), and utilized foreign computers and networks in Europe and North America. The infrastructure consisted of 571,904 dedicated IPs, 6,000 domains, and 250,267 distinct URLs, each of which could only house a video ad, and used variants of the names of famous publishers to fool those looking into the domains. This led the operators to game the system, leading ad selection algorithms to select these fake web pages over larger corporate pages from legitimate companies, and charge advertisers at a premium. About 570,000 bots were used to execute clicks on those websites, “watching” up to 300 million video ads a day while the bots mimicked normal computer user behavior. Estimated clicks per day generally reached between 200 and 300 million per day. The botnet relied on data servers instead of more traditional botnets that rely on infected PCs and mobile devices.
At its peak, Methbot was making its operators—which were dubbed the Ad Fraud Komanda—up to between three and five million dollars per day for between $180 million and $1 billion dollar in losses to the ad industry, while some other estimates were nearer to half a million per day. At the time, it was the largest and most profitable ad fraud network established, before it was discovered in late 2016.
# Aphomia odontella

Aphomia odontella is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by George Hampson in 1898 and is known from Sri Lanka.
# Fox Sports (Italy)

Fox Sports was an Italian pay television sports channel that was launched on August 9, 2013. A second channel, Fox Sports 2 was launched on December 20, 2013. The first channel closed in late August 2018, after the second closed in 2015. On June 20, 2018, the closure of the channel was announced, which took place with the last day of broadcasting on the following June 30. As of July 1, 2018, the channel is no longer available.

## Programming rights
### American Football

* National Football League

### Australian Rules Football

* Australian Football League

### Football

* Premier League
* FA Cup
* Community Shield
* Bundesliga
* DFL-Supercup
* Eredivisie
* Copa Libertadores
* Copa Sudamericana
* Recopa Sudamericana
* La Liga
* Ligue 1
* Africa Cup of Nations

### Motorsports

* World Rally Championship

### Martial Arts

* UFC

### Volleyball

* CEV Women's Champions League

### Baseball

* Major League Baseball

### Hockey

* National Hockey League

### Darts

* PDC World Darts Championship
* Premier League Darts

## Programs broadcast by Fox Sports in Italy

* Fox Sports Live
* Football Station
* Viva la Liga
* Bundes Platz
* USA Sport Today
# Ali Sadeghe

Ali Sadeghe was an Iranian architect, and one of the founders in 1945 of the influential Association of Iranian Architects.
# Taussac

Taussac (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.
# Spilosoma fumida

Spilosoma fumida is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Alfred Ernest Wileman in 1910. It is found in Taiwan.

## Description

Head and thorax grey brown with a blackish stripe on dorsum of thorax; palpi and lower part of frons blackish; antennas black; pectus at sides and fore femora with some crimson, the tibiae and tarsi blackish; abdomen crimson, the extremity and ventral surface greyish dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Forewing grey brown; an antemedial black point above vein 1; traces of a black point at upper angle of cell and two beyond lower angle; an oblique series of black points from apex to inner margin beyond middle placed in pairs on each side of the veins and obsolescent at middle; subterminal pairs of black points on each side of veins 5, 4, 3. Hindwing grey brown, the inner area slightly tinged with crimson; a large black discoidal spot; small subterminal spots on each side of vein 5. traces of a point below vein 4 and a curved band formed by three spots from vein 3 to termen at vein 1. Underside of forewing suffused with black on basal half except towards costa and inner margin, a large discoidal lunule, a post-medial spot below costa and oblique band from discal fold to vein 1, its upper extremity joined by an oblique series of points from apex; hindwing with the subterminal maculate band more entire.
The wingspan of the male is 50 mm and the female 54 mm.
# Teofila Zofia Sobieska

Teofila Zofia Sobieska, née Daniłowicz (Polish: Daniłowiczówna) (1607 – 27 November 1661) was a Polish noblewoman (szlachcianka), mother of Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland.
Zofia Teofila was the daughter of Voivode of Ruthenia Jan Daniłowicz and Zofia Żółkiewska, the daughter of Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski h. Lubicz.

## Marriage and issue

She married the Voivode of Bełz and Ruthenia, Jakub Sobieski h. Janina on 16 May 1627 in Żółkiew. They had seven children:
* Marek Sobieski – Rotmistrz, starost of Krasnystaw
* Jan III Sobieski – King of Poland
* Katarzyna Sobieska – wife of Władysław Dominik Zasławski and Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, mother of Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł
* Anna Rozalia Sobieska – Benedictine nonne in Lwów
* Zofia Sobieska – died in childhood
* Stanisław – died in childhood
* Stanisław Michał – died in childhood
# Meridian Medical Technologies

Meridian Medical Technologies, LLC is an American company which specialized primarily in developing and manufacturing antidotes for chemical weapons.
It was founded in 1968 as Brunswick Biomedical Corporation and changed its name in November 1996 when it merged with Survival Technology, Inc. Survival Technology, Inc. had been the employer of Sheldon Kaplan, who had invented various kinds of autoinjectors, including the epinephrine autoinjector, EpiPen. The EpiPen was marketed and distributed by Dey LP, a subsidiary of Merck KGaA.
King Pharmaceuticals acquired Meridian in 2003, and the company became part of Pfizer when Pfizer acquired all of King's assets through a process that started in 2010 and was completed in 2011.
Meridian is a member of the Alliance for Biosecurity, which is a group of companies that work towards preventing and treating severe infectious diseases, especially those that present global security challenges.
Altaris Capital Partners, LLC entered into an agreement to acquire Meridian Medical Technologies (“Meridian”) from Pfizer on November 2, 2021 and completed the acquisition on January 4, 2022.
On November 14, 2022, Altaris LLC announced it will combine Meridian with Kindeva Drug Delivery, another operating company owned by Altaris.
Meridian Medical currently has plans to expand operations in Bridgeton, Missouri and add new production lines.
# ERG Iserlohn

Erste Rollhockey Gemeinschaft Iserlohn e.V. is a Roller Hockey team from Iserlohn, Germany. Founded in 1965, both men's and women's team play in the Bundesliga.

## Trophies
### Men's team

* Bundesliga: (9)
** 1976, 1977, 1986, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2017
* German Cup: 5
** 2004, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2012

### Women's team

* Bundesliga: (7)
** 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
* German Cup: (5)
** 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
# Skopje Summer Festival

The Skopje Summer Festival is an annual cultural event in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. It was established in 1979 and marked its 30th anniversary in 2009. It hosts artists, musicians, entertainers and performers who present their achievements in the spheres of music, fine art, film, theatre and multimedia performance. The festival takes place at numerous locations and open places in the city.
# Shug Monkey

In the folklore of Cambridgeshire, the Shug Monkey is a creature that shares features of a dog and monkey, which reportedly haunted Slough Hill Lane (a street that leads from the village of West Wratting to nearby Balsham). The creature, believed to have the body of a jet-black shaggy sheepdog and the face of a monkey with staring eyes, was believed to be a supernatural ghost or demon. Local writer and broadcaster James Wentworth Day, who first related stories of the Shug Monkey in Here Are Ghosts and Witches (1954), described it as a curious variation of Black Shuck, while local folklorist Polly Howat suggests that both share common origins in Norse mythology.
According to Howat, sightings of the Shug Monkey have not been reported since before World War II.
# Stephen Reed

Stephen Reed (September 26, 1801 – July 12, 1877) was an American physician, newspaper publisher and geologist.
Reed, the younger son of John and Susanna (Beach) Reed, was born in Cornwall, Connecticut, on September 26, 1801. When he was ten years old, his parents moved to Canaan, Connecticut, from where he went to college. He graduated from Yale College in 1824. After two or three years spent in teaching school and in studying medicine, he established himself as a physician in Goshen, Connecticut. A year later he moved to Roxbury, Connecticut, and in 1831 to Richmond, Massachusetts. Finding the exposure to the severity of the weather too much for his rather delicate constitution, he gave up his profession in about 1837 and opened a boarding school for boys in Richmond. In 1848, he moved to Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to take charge of an agricultural warehouse and seed store, connected with a printing office from which a weekly agricultural and miscellaneous newspaper, the Berkshire Agriculturist, was published. This paper, which he renamed The Culturist and Gazette, he continued to edit until 1858, when its publication was suspended. The paper published a satirical piece by Pittsfield resident Herman Melville in 1850. Reed afterwards sold his share in the warehouse and spent the rest of his life in Pittsfield, at leisure for his favorite study, geology. His name became well known in connection with geological discoveries in western New England, mainly through his account of a long train of boulders across part of Central Berkshire. He was also active in all the public interests of the town. He died in Pittsfield, after less than a week's illness, on July 12, 1877, aged nearly 76 years.
He was married in 1829 to Emeline Beebe, a student of Sarah Pierce's Litchfield Female Academy, of Canaan, who died in 1832; and again on May 7, 1833, to Sarah E. Chapin, who survived him. He had no children.
# Apposition (disambiguation)

Apposition is the quality of being side-by-side or next to each other, such as in:
* Apposition, a grammatical construction in which two nouns are juxtaposed
* Thumb apposition
* Apposition eyes
* Bone apposition in fractures
* Apposition in embryo implantation
# GD Matriculation Higher Secondary School

GD Matriculation Higher Secondary School is a school in Gopala Puram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The founder of the school was renowned scientist Mr.G.D.Naidu whose museum is a fascination to many physicists, automobile engineers and agriculturists. The medium of instruction in the school is 'English'. The school starts its operations pretty early as compared to other schools in the city. The school starts at 7AM IST and institutionalizes 'Yoga' as a norm to all students. GD School also houses extracurricular activities like Flute, Vocal Music, Mridangam, Classical dance, carpentry and so on. Apart from extracurricular activities, the school also focuses on survival skills like cookery, personality development and good grooming.
The school is currently run by his daughter-in-law Mrs. Chandra Gopal who is the correspondent. The principal of the school is Ms. Vimala Vijayan.
# Teofila Działyńska (Szołdrska-Potulicka)

Teofila Działyńska (Szołdrska-Potulicka) (1714-1790), was a Polish landowner. She was a powerful local landowner and magnate. In history, she has become famous in literature as for the many ghost legends and myths in folklore, that surrounded her after her death.
# Methods in Molecular Biology

Methods in Molecular Biology is a book series published by Humana Press (an imprint of Springer Science+Business Media) that covers molecular biology research methods and protocols. The book series was introduced by series editor John M. Walker in 1983 and provides step-by-step instructions for carrying out experiments in a research lab. As of January 2020, more than 2000 volumes (2737 as of 15-August-2023) had been published in the series. The protocols are also available online in SpringerLink, and were previously in Springer Protocols.
Each protocol opens with an introductory overview and a list of the materials and reagents needed to complete the experiment. Every protocol is followed by a detailed procedure that is supported with a notes section offering tips and "tricks of the trade" as well as troubleshooting advice.
# Tauss

Tauss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Herbert Tauss (1929–2001), American artist, illustrator, and painter
* Jörg Tauss (born 1953), German politician
* Roger Tauss, Swiss slalom canoeist
# Giżycki Manor

The Giżycki Manor is an architectural monument located in the village of Riasnopil, Berezivka Raion, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. The manor was built by Russian general of Polish origin, Ignacy Giżycki, at the end of 19th century.
In 1905 the manor was owned by countess Arkudinska. After 1918 the village club was organised in the manor, but later it was used as school building. Now the manor building is partly destroyed, used as the school warehouse.

## Gallery

* Total view of the manor
* Manor interiour

## Sources

* https://uc.od.ua/columns/sergelmira/1226735
* This Ukrainian history–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This castle-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Fiber bundle construction theorem

In mathematics, the fiber bundle construction theorem is a theorem which constructs a fiber bundle from a given base space, fiber and a suitable set of transition functions. The theorem also gives conditions under which two such bundles are isomorphic. The theorem is important in the associated bundle construction where one starts with a given bundle and surgically replaces the fiber with a new space while keeping all other data the same.

## Formal statement

Let X and F be topological spaces and let G be a topological group with a continuous left action on F. Given an open cover {U$_i$} of X and a set of continuous functions
    $t_{ij}:U_{i}\cap U_{j}\to G$
defined on each nonempty overlap, such that the cocycle condition
    $t_{ik}(x)=t_{ij}(x)t_{jk}(x)\qquad \forall x\in U_{i}\cap U_{j}\cap U_{k}$
holds, there exists a fiber bundle E → X with fiber F and structure group G that is trivializable over {U$_i$} with transition functions t$_{ij}$.
Let E′ be another fiber bundle with the same base space, fiber, structure group, and trivializing neighborhoods, but transition functions t′$_{ij}$. If the action of G on F is faithful, then E′ and E are isomorphic if and only if there exist functions
    $t_{i}:U_{i}\to G$
such that
    $t'_{ij}(x)=t_{i}(x)^{-1}t_{ij}(x)t_{j}(x)\qquad \forall x\in U_{i}\cap U_{j}.$
Taking t$_i$ to be constant functions to the identity in G, we see that two fiber bundles with the same base, fiber, structure group, trivializing neighborhoods, and transition functions are isomorphic.
A similar theorem holds in the smooth category, where X and Y are smooth manifolds, G is a Lie group with a smooth left action on Y and the maps t$_{ij}$ are all smooth.

## Construction

The proof of the theorem is constructive. That is, it actually constructs a fiber bundle with the given properties. One starts by taking the disjoint union of the product spaces U$_i$ × F
    $T=\coprod _{i\in I}U_{i}\times F=\{(i,x,y):i\in I,x\in U_{i},y\in F\}$
and then forms the quotient by the equivalence relation
    $(j,x,y)\sim (i,x,t_{ij}(x)\cdot y)\qquad \forall x\in U_{i}\cap U_{j},y\in F.$
The total space E of the bundle is T/~ and the projection π : E → X is the map which sends the equivalence class of (i, x, y) to x. The local trivializations
    $\phi _{i}:\pi ^{-1}(U_{i})\to U_{i}\times F$
are then defined by
    $\phi _{i}^{-1}(x,y)=[(i,x,y)].$

## Associated bundle

Let E → X a fiber bundle with fiber F and structure group G, and let F′ be another left G-space. One can form an associated bundle E′ → X with a fiber F′ and structure group G by taking any local trivialization of E and replacing F by F′ in the construction theorem. If one takes F′ to be G with the action of left multiplication then one obtains the associated principal bundle.
# Protic ionic liquid

A protic ionic liquid is an ionic liquid that is formed via proton transfer from a Brønsted acid to a Brønsted base. Unlike many other types of ionic liquids, which are formed through a series of synthesis steps, protic ionic liquids are easier to create because the acid and base must simply be mixed together.

## Properties

Because the proton transfer reaction is reversible, the equilibrium between reactants and ionic products can shift depending on the conditions. This equilibration significantly impact the properties of protic ionic liquids since some neutral acid and base species are generally present in the solution.
Many protic ionic liquids have non-negligible vapor pressure, even though traditional ionic liquids are often touted for their low vapor pressures. Some protic ionic liquids are distillable. Additionally, during distillation protic ionic liquids exhibit what appears to be a reactive azeotrope. In other words, initially only the acid or base is vaporized, but at a specific composition both the acid and base start to vaporize and the composition of the vapor and liquid is the same. This composition depends on the anion and cation and contains more acid than base. However, when mixed with water the vaporization behavior is different and an azeotrope no longer occurs at that same composition.
The density of a protic ionic liquid mixture also appears to be higher for the composition at which the azeotrope forms. That is, if some excess of the acid is present in the mixture the density increases.
# E77

E77 may refer to:
* King's Indian Defense, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code
* European route E77, an international road
* E 77 road (United Arab Emirates)
* E77 balloon bomb, an American anti-crop biological munition
* DRG Class E 77, a German locomotive class
* San Manuel Airport FAA code near San Manuel, Arizona, United States
* Kyushu Chūō Expressway, route E77 in Japan
# Ga-Ramakara

Ga-Ramakara is a village in Ga-Matlala in the Polokwane Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality of the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is located 44 km northwest of Polokwane on the Matlala Road.

## Education

* Konkoti Primary School.
* Kwena-A-Peu Secondary School.
# Manchester United (disambiguation)

Manchester United F.C. is an English football club.
Manchester United may also refer to:
* Manchester United W.F.C., an English women's football club
* Manchester 62 F.C. (formerly Manchester United), a Gibraltarian football club
* Maestro United Zambia F.C. (formerly Manchester United Zambian Academy Football Club)
* Manchester Eagles (formerly Manchester United), a defunct English basketball team once owned by the football club
* Manchester United (video game series), starting in 1990
* "Manchester United" (song), a 1976 song by Manchester United F.C.