OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Euganei

The Euganei (fr. Lat. Euganei, Euganeorum; cf. Gr. εὐγενής (eugenēs) 'well-born') were a group of populations, difficult to define, settled in the flat and mountainous areas of Northeast Italy, between the Eastern Alps and the Adriatic. With the arrival of the Adriatic Veneti they retreated to the Alpine valleys, blending in with the Rhaetians.
Pliny the Elder, referring to Cato, states that the Euganeans were divided into three lineages, the Triumpilini (Val Trompia), the Camunni (Val Camonica) and the Stoni. All these populations were Romanized before the beginning of the Common Era.

## History

It has been hypothesized that "Euganei" derives from the Greek εὐγενεῖς ("of noble lineage"), but a connection with Ingauni, a Ligurian population, is also possible. More likely, it is the term with which the Adriatic Venetians referred to a non-homogeneous group of tribes who, at the time of their arrival in Northeast Italy, occupied the vast area from Istria to Garda (or Oglio).
According to what is reported by the well-known legend on the origins of the Adriatic Venetians (handed down from a tragedy by Sophocles and taken up by Livy), it was the latter who drove out the Euganeans who, having retreated to the Alpine valleys, mixed with the Rhaetians; it cannot be ruled out, however, that "Reti" referred to the Euganeans themselves after this migration.
Further pressured by the arrival of the Gauls in the 5th century BC, the Euganean tribes maintained their independence until the end of the 2nd century BC, when Quintus Marcius Rex and Marcus Aemilius Scaurus subjugated the Stoni to Rome; Camuni and Triumpilini were definitively subjugated by Augustus in 16 BC. The Euganeans willingly accepted Roman domination, as demonstrated by the monuments erected in honor of the Augustan dynasty and the existence of a pagus called Livius by Livia.
According to Pliny, referring to Cato, the Euganeans were distributed in 34 oppida among which the "capital" Stoenos, an alpine locality which is difficult to identify, stood out. Pliny himself recalls how Verona was a city of Rhaetian and Euganean origin.

## Toponymy

The literature of the imperial era continued to use the term "Euganean" not as an ethnic one, but as a learned geographical name to indicate Northeast Italy, or as a synonym of Patavinus.
The expression "Euganean Hills", which indicates the group of reliefs located south-west of Padua, is instead an invention of the Renaissance, while "Venezia Euganea", coined by the linguist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli, is even later.
# Syzygium samoense

Syzygium samoense is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is a tree native to the Samoan Islands and Wallis and Futuna.
Syzygium samoense is an evergreen tree growing up to 17 meter tall. It flowers in June and July, and fruits in February and July to September and possibly year-round. It grows in lowland and cloud forests on all the main Samoan islands from 100 to 1200 meters elevation.
# Hoser

Hoser or hose-head is a slang term originating in Canada that is used to reference or imitate Canadians.
The term "hoser" is a comedic label given to someone that gained popularity and notoriety from the comedic skits by Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas (playing the characters of Bob and Doug McKenzie) in SCTV's "The Great White North" segments. The characters also used the verb 'to hose' as a synonym for 'to swindle'.

## Origins

The origin of the term is unclear. The Oxford English Dictionary records the first use in writing as being a 1981 Toronto Star article about the McKenzie brothers, and there is no clear evidence that the term was in use before then. Nonetheless, the term has spawned several popular false etymologies.
A popular origin story holds that in outdoor ice hockey before ice resurfacers, the losing team in a hockey game would have to hose down the rink after a game to make the ice smooth again. Thus the term hoser was synonymous with loser. Another suggestion for the origin of the term involves farmers of the Canadian Prairies who would siphon gasoline from farming vehicles with a hose during the Great Depression of the 1930s. "Hosed" is also a euphemism for drunkenness in Canadian English, and by extension a hoser is one who is drunk.
Another possible origin may stem from loggers' slang, where "hoosier" referred contemptuously to an untrained, inept, or slack worker.
One theory is that it was derived from the term "hose bag" which was a popular insult amongst suburban Toronto high school students in the 1970s. The term was shortened to "hoser" to thwart the rebuffs of school teachers and parents who found "hose bag" offensive.
The term hoser was used frequently on the U.S. sitcom How I Met Your Mother in relation to main character Robin Scherbatsky, who was a native of Canada. She sometimes visited a Canadian-themed bar, Hoser Hut.
# Final Solution (disambiguation)

The Final Solution was the Nazi plan to kill all the Jews, which culminated in the Holocaust.
Final Solution(s) or The Final Solution may also refer to:

## Film

* Final Solution (2001 film), a South African drama
* Final Solution (2004 film), an Indian documentary about the 2002 Gujarat Riots

## Literature

* The Final Solution (novel), a 2004 novel by Michael Chabon
* The Final Solution, a 1953 book by Gerald Reitlinger
* Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 1933–1949, a 2016 book by David Cesarani
* Final Solutions, a 1993 play by Mahesh Dattani

## Music

* The Final Solution (American band), a 1960s garage rock band
* The Final Solution, a 1970s band that recorded the soundtrack album Brotherman
* "Final Solution", a song by Black Label Society from The Blessed Hellride
* "Final Solution", a 1976 single by Pere Ubu
* "Final Solution", a song by Rocket from the Tombs
* "The Final Solution", a song by Sabaton from Coat of Arms

## Other uses

* Final Solution (professional wrestler), a ring name of Robert "Jeep" Swenson
* Final Solution of the Czech Question, a Nazi Germany plan for a complete Germanization of Czech Lands
* Final Solution of the German Question, a post-war expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia, Final Solution was the term Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš used to describe the deportations
* "Final solution to the Isaaq problem", a euphemism used during the Isaaq genocide in the late 1980s
* Final Solutions LLC, former name of parent company that owns the internet forum Kiwi Farms
* Term used by former Australian politician Fraser Anning
# Dothidasteroma

Dothidasteroma is a genus of fungi in the family Parmulariaceae.
# Lotts Creek Township, Kossuth County, Iowa

Lotts Creek Township is a township in Kossuth County, Iowa, United States.

## History

Lotts Creek Township (formerly Lott's Creek with apostrophe s) was organized in 1873. Lotts Creek Township takes its name from the Lotts Creek, which in turn was named for Henry Lott, the figure made notorious for murdering Sidominadotah and Sidominadotah's family in the Spirit Lake Massacre.
# Higher sulfur oxides

Higher sulfur oxides are a group of chemical compounds with the formula SO$_{3+x}$ where x lies between 0 and 1. They contain peroxo (O−O) groups, and the oxidation state of sulfur is +6 as in SO$_3$.
Monomeric SO$_4$ can be isolated at low temperatures (below 78 K) following the reaction of SO$_3$ and atomic oxygen or photolysis of SO$_3$–ozone mixtures. The favoured structure is:
Colourless polymeric condensates are formed in the reaction of gaseous SO$_3$ or SO$_2$ with O$_2$ in a silent electric discharge. The structure of the polymers is based on β-SO$_3$ (one of the three forms of solid SO$_3$) with oxide bridges (−O−) replaced randomly by peroxide bridges (−O−O−). As such these compounds are non-stoichiometric.
# Apolephthisa

Apolephthisa is a genus of flies belonging to the family Mycetophilidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Russia and Northern America.
Species:
* Apolephthisa bulunensis Blagoderov & Grimaldi, 2004
* Apolephthisa mesozoica Blagoderov, 1998
# Köprübaşı, Çamlıhemşin

Köprübaşı is a village in the Çamlıhemşin District, Rize Province, in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Its population is 254 (2021).

## History

According to list of villages in Laz language book (2009), name of the village is Abichxo. Most villagers are ethnically Laz.

## Geography

The village is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from Çamlıhemşin.
# Double-breasted

A double-breasted garment is a coat, jacket, waistcoat, or dress with wide, overlapping front flaps which has on its front two symmetrical columns of buttons; by contrast, a single-breasted item has a narrow overlap and only one column of buttons.

## Basic design and variations

On most modern double-breasted coats, one column of buttons is decorative, while the other is functional. The other buttons, placed on the outside edge of the coat breast, allow the overlap to fasten reversibly, left lapel over right lapel. To strengthen the fastening, a functional inner button, called the jigger (or anchor button), is usually added to parallel-fasten the overlapped layers together from the inside.
Double-breasted suit jackets, sports jackets and blazers typically have one to four rows of buttons (each row containing two buttons), one or two of the rows functional. Each fastening method is identified using "number-on-number" terminology; the first number is the total number of front buttons, the second is the number of fastening buttons below the lapels (i.e. the second number also is the number of corresponding buttonholes). Six-on-two and six-on-one (as shown in the picture on the right) are the common button stances, but others exist. Stylistically, double-breasted suit jackets usually have peaked lapels, and fasten left lapel over right lapel as usual for men's jackets. Some may find that six buttons overwhelms their shorter torso, a four- or six-button configuration in which only the bottom one fastens may be a better option. The four-button double-breasted jacket that buttons at the lower button is often called the "Kent", after the man who made it popular—Prince George, Duke of Kent.

## History

Double-breasted was the norm for frock coats during the 19th century. The early lounge suits that started to arrive around the turn of the 20th century tended to be single-breasted. Ever since, single-breasted has been the norm for suit jackets, but double-breasted suit jackets were popular from the mid-1930s until the late 1950s, and again from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s.
By the mid-2000s, men's double-breasted jackets were not as popular in the United States, and it was difficult to find them at many retail clothing stores. However, they continued to be popular in the United Kingdom, and in America were produced for and advocated by the high-end menswear lines of Joseph Abboud and Ralph Lauren, as well as by bespoke tailors such as Thomas Mahon.
The trench coat is also traditionally double-breasted, single-breasted versions being civilian interpretations of the original military-derived fashion. Other coat styles typically featuring a double-breasted construction are the Guards Coat and the greatcoat styles of overcoats. The Chesterfield coat may be found in either single or double-breasted.
# Garobigha Halt railway station

vteGaya–Kiul line :
Legend :
Sources: Google maps; India Rail Info :
Garobigha Halt railway station is a halt railway station on Gaya–Kiul line of Delhi–Kolkata Main Line in East Central Railway zone under Danapur railway division of the Indian Railways. The railway station is situated at Dhanwan in Nawada district in the Indian state of Bihar.
# Ramapayare Rabidas

Ramapayare Rabidas is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Assam. He has been elected in Assam Legislative Assembly election in 1991 from Ratabari constituency.
# Sérgio Ferreira

Sérgio Ferreira may refer to:
* Sérgio Henrique Ferreira (1934–2016), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist
* Sérgio Ferreira (writer) (1946–2006), Portuguese-Cape Verdean writer and filmmaker
# Stand Tall (Bahjat song)

"Stand Tall" is the title of the debut single by Bahjat, taken from his eponymous debut EP, released in 2016. The song talks about appreciating the people one has in their life, and has a strong message of unity. With the song, a campaign on social media, dealing with discrimination, also took place under the same title of the song, with a video of different people talking about their experiences with discrimination leading the campaign. The song peaked at number seven on the Maltese Top 10.

## Music video

The song's music video was released on December 11, 2015, and it featured 100 people from different countries, singing and dancing along to the song, again sending a strong message of unity and celebrating differences. The video propelled the song to debut at number eight on the Bay Malta's Top 10.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2015) | Position |
| Malta's Top 10 | 7 |
# Miguel Vargas (footballer, born 1978)

Miguel Rodrigo Pereira Vargas (born 18 November 1978) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a winger.

## Club career

An unsuccessful Sporting CP youth graduate, Lisbon-born Vargas only appeared for its reserves as a senior, also being loaned three times, the first at Académica de Coimbra where he made his Primeira Liga debut at age 19.
After his release in the summer of 2001, Vargas moved to F.C. Alverca, experiencing his most steady period in his country with three consecutive seasons – two of those in the top division – being relegated in 2003–04. Subsequently, he moved to U.D. Leiria, but quickly changed to G.D. Estoril Praia of the second level, initially on loan.
Vargas began playing abroad in the 2006 off-season, his first stop being with Cyprus' APOP Kinyras FC, being instrumental as the side managed to remain in the First Division during his tenure. He moved clubs in the same country in the January transfer window of 2009, signing with AEL Limassol and rejoining former Sporting (youth), Alverca and Leiria teammate Pedro Torrão; again an undisputed starter, he provided several assists to his team's goals while also scoring twice in as many wins (against Doxa Katokopias FC for the game's only and at Nea Salamis Famagusta FC, a 3–1 win, both in the 2009–10 campaign).
# Higher than the Sun (song)

"Higher than the Sun" is a song by English alternative rock band Keane, released on 28 September 2013 as the first single from their first compilation album, The Best of Keane. The song was recorded during the recording sessions for the band's fourth studio album, Strangeland, which was released in May 2012.

## Release

Keane announced the release of the single on their official website on 23 September 2013. On 27 September, the song made its radio debut on Chris Evans' BBC Radio 2 morning show, and was released digitally the next day.

## Critical reception

According to Contactmusic.com, "Higher Than the Sun" is "a punchy up-beat song with characteristic vocals from Tom Chaplin and an unforgettable chorus."

## Music video

The music video for the song premiered on 2 October 2013 on Keane's YouTube channel. It was directed by Chris Boyle. The video is an animation mapping 10 years of Keane history, from an indie band to "one of the world's biggest British bands of the decade." It contains images resembling cover arts of the band's four albums, and shows abstract caricatures and sketches, and the band performing on stage.

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 12 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 5 |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 82 |
# ERG theory

The ERG theory is a theory of human need proposed by Clayton Alderfer, which developed Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing needs relating to existence, relatedness and growth.

## Details of the theory

In 1969, psychologist Clayton Alderfer developed Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs by categorizing the hierarchy into his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness and Growth). The existence category is concerned with the need for providing the basic material existence requirements of humans. The relatedness category is concerned with the desire for maintaining important interpersonal relationships. The growth category is concerned with the desire for personal development. These include the intrinsic component from Maslow's esteem category and the characteristics included under self-actualization.
Alderfer categorized Maslow's physiological needs and Maslow's safety needs into the existence category, Maslow's social needs and Maslow's extrinsic component of self-esteem needs into the relatedness category, and Maslow's intrinsic component of self-esteem needs and Maslow's self-actualization needs into the growth category. Alderfer also proposed a progression and regression theory to go along with the ERG theory: he said that when needs in a lower category are satisfied, an individual will invest more efforts in the higher category, and when needs in a higher category are frustrated, an individual will invest more efforts in the lower category. For example, if self-esteem or self-actualization is not met then an individual will invest more effort in the relatedness category in the hopes of achieving the higher need.

## Publication

This theory was published originally in the journal Organizational Behavior and Human Performance.
# Greensville, Ontario

Greensville is a community in Flamborough, Hamilton in the Canadian province of Ontario.
Hamilton Conservation Authority attractions Webster's Falls and Tew's Falls are in Greensville.
Well-known Canadian philanthropist and Hamilton Sports Hall of Fame member, Charles Juravinski and his wife Margaret are Greensville residents.
Jamaican Canadian billionaire Michael Lee-Chin was also at one time a Greensville Resident.
# Max Norman

Max Norman is a British record producer and recording engineer active since 1973. He produced many acclaimed heavy metal releases.
While Norman was resident engineer at Ridge Farm Studios in London, Ozzy Osbourne was recording his debut solo album Blizzard of Ozz with producer/engineer Chris Tsangarides. After Osbourne and Tsangarides parted ways, Norman was asked to carry on.
Norman appears in the Megadeth home video Evolver, a documentary about the making of Youthanasia.
In early 2017, Norman completed projects with artists Ethan Brosh at Carriage House Studios, Machinage, and Mean Streak.

## Discography
### Production

* Ozzy Osbourne - Blizzard of Ozz (1980), Diary of a Madman (1981), Speak of the Devil (1982), Bark at the Moon (1983), Tribute (1987)
* Y&T - Black Tiger (1982)
* Vendetta - Vendetta (1982)
* Ian Hunter - All of the Good Ones Are Taken (1983)
* Coney Hatch - Outta Hand (1983), Friction (1985), Best of Three (1992)
* Ian Thomas - Riders on Dark Horses (1984)
* Bronz - Carried by the Storm (1984)
* Savatage - Power of the Night (1985)
* Grim Reaper - Rock You to Hell (1987)
* Trash - Burnin' Rock (1985)
* Loudness - Thunder in the East (1985), Lightning Strikes (1986), Soldier of Fortune (1989)
* Armored Saint - Delirious Nomad (1985)
* Malice - Licence to Kill (1986)
* Lizzy Borden - Visual Lies (1987)
* Dirty Looks - Cool from the Wire (1988), Five Easy Pieces (1992)
* 220 Volt - Eye to Eye (1988)
* Concrete Jungle - Wear and Tear (1988)
* Roughhouse - Roughhouse (1988)
* Dangerous Toys - Dangerous Toys (1989)
* Voodoo X - Vol. 1 The Awakening (1989)
* Death Angel - Act III (1990)
* Lynch Mob - Wicked Sensation (1990)
* Megadeth - Countdown to Extinction (1992), Youthanasia (1994), Hidden Treasures (1995)
* Bangalore Choir - On Target (1992)
* Phantom Blue - Built to Perform (1993)
* Mind Bomb - Mind Bomb (1993)
* Choking Ghost - Leveled (1995)
* Sly - Key (1996)
* Machinage - Machinage (2016)
* Ethan Brosh- Ethan Brosh (2016)
* Mean Streak- Mean Streak (2016)

### Mixing and engineering

* The Tubes – What Do You Want from Live (1978)
* Ozzy Osbourne – Blizzard of Ozz (1980)
* Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark – Organisation (1980)
* Bad Company – Rough Diamonds (1982)
* Craymore Stevens – Faster Than Snakes (1987)
* Fates Warning – No Exit (1988), Perfect Symmetry (1989)
* Megadeth – Rust in Peace (1990)
* Annihilator – Set the World on Fire (engineer) (1993)
* Dirty Looks – Chewing on the Bit (1994)
* Strung Out – Suburban Teenage Wasteland Blues (1996)
* The Black Symphony – Breathe (1996)
* Red Dragon Cartel – Patina (2018)
* The Watchers – Black Abyss (2018)
* MD45 – The Craving (1996)
# São João das Lampas e Terrugem

São João das Lampas e Terrugem is a civil parish in the municipality of Sintra, Lisbon District, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes São João das Lampas and Terrugem. The population in 2011 was 16,505, in an area of 83.60 km².
# Garolini

Garolini was an Italian shoe design and manufacturing company. It was founded by American spouses Ann "Bidi" and Albert "Al" Finkelstein in 1971.

## History

In 1971, the Finkelsteins created Garolini, named after their son Gary and daughter Lynn.
The business had limited success until the famous designer Halston saw the design work done by Bidi Finkelstein.
Garolini's shoes began to appear in Halston advertisements. These ads were painted by famous pop artist Andy Warhol.
The Finkelsteins sold the company to US Shoes in 1980. Though Garolini was named after the founders' children, Gary Stan and Lynn Finkelstein had nothing to do with the business.
# Ramaperta

Ramaperta is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Ramaperta perarmata Razowski & Becker, 2000
* Ramaperta telemaca Razowski & Becker, 2011
# T. H. Sonawane

Tayappa Hari Sonawane (10 September 1910 – 10 November 1973) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Sonawane died in Bombay on 10 November 1973, at the age of 63.
# Primum Entertainment Group

Primum Entertainment Group is a media company involved in the production and distribution of filmed entertainment properties and live events in Latin America. Based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Primum was founded in December 2008.

## Film Productions

At the Cannes Film Festival in May 2009, Primum Entertainment Group acquired the license to produce Rio, Eu Te Amo the next film in the series of Cities of Love motion pictures following Paris, je t'aime and New York, I Love You. This film is currently in development.
# Miguel Valor Peidró

Miguel Valor Peidró (2 January 1945 – 11 February 2024) was a Spanish insurance agent and politician. A member of the People's Party of the Valencian Community, he served in the Corts Valencianes from 1991 to 1995 and was Mayor of Alicante from January to June 2015.
Valor died in Alicante on 11 February 2024, at the age of 79.
# Hicks from the Sticks

Hicks from the Sticks is a compilation album released in 1980. The album was the brainchild of music journalist Nigel Burnham who wanted to showcase the best new wave bands in the North of England.
The album was reissued on the Thunderbolt label in 1985 as Future Shock.

## Credits

* Conceived, compiled and compilation produced by Nigel Burnham
* Mastered by Mike Brown
# Appouasso

Appouesso is a village in the south-eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Bianouan, Aboisso Department, Sud-Comoé Region, Comoé District.
Appouasso was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Speiredonia ibanorum

Speiredonia ibanorum is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Alberto Zilli and Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 2005. It is found on Borneo.
The length of the forewings is 24.5 mm for males and 27.5 mm for females.