OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Heysen Trail

The Heysen Trail is a long distance walking trail in South Australia. It runs from Parachilna Gorge, in the Flinders Ranges via the Adelaide Hills to Cape Jervis on the Fleurieu Peninsula and is approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) in length.

## Route summary

From north to south, the route of the trail may be summarised by the following landmarks in order: Parachilna Gorge - Flinders Ranges National Park - Hawker - Quorn - Mount Remarkable National Park - Melrose - Crystal Brook - Spalding - Burra - Kapunda - Adelaide Hills - Deep Creek Conservation Park - Cape Jervis
Due to bushfire risk, large sections of the trail are closed annually from December through to April.
Most people choose to walk sections of the track for one or a few days at a time. There are many places to stay along the trail and hardy walkers who walk the track from beginning to end typically do so in about 60 days.
The Friends of the Heysen Trail is a non-profit volunteer organisation dedicated to the maintenance, development and promotion of the Heysen Trail and other walking trails; and to the promotion of bushwalking as a healthy leisure activity.
A regular walking program is conducted by a walking sub-committee. Different grades of walks cater for beginners and for more experienced walkers.

## Geology and biology

The trail passes cliffs, farmland, natural bushland, forests, vineyards, and grazing land. It extends from the ocean through the fertile Mount Lofty Ranges across Goyder's Line to the arid Flinders Ranges, with many different bioregions.

## History

The trail was first suggested by Warren Bonython in 1969 but design was stalled by several years due to government politics and issues with private land owners. The first 50 kilometres of the track was laid through the Mount Lofty Ranges in 1978 after responsibility for the track was handed to the Department of Recreation and Sport. Terry Lavender was the main designer for the track and oversaw the majority of its construction until it was completed in 1992.
The trail is named after Sir Hans Heysen.

## Images

* Near Victor Harbor, with Kangaroo Island visible on the left horizon.
* Hiking through farmland near Waitpinga.
# Hu Baosen

Hu Baosen is a Chinese businessman and the owner of Henan Jianye of the Chinese Super League. He is the founder, owner, and chairman of Henan Jianye, a construction firm. He has been listed by Forbes as one of China's 400 richest individuals. He is also the owner and chairman of Henan Jianye F.C.
# Gołuchów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Gołuchów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kije, within Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Kije, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Pińczów, and 29 km (18 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Galgbacken, Vårgårda

Galgbackn, Vårgårda is a small town in Sweden that was the site of two execution facilities.
One was approximately at the location where the current water tower is today. The place has been called Kåkakullen. The word is an old expression for a place where they hang people. The second was Northwest of the current Orregatan on the top of Kåkakullen. It is the better-preserved site.

## History

Some bodies were left for public viewing after the execution. Complaints from residents and from the priest led to the end of executions there. The last execution took place on May 12, 1859, when Karlsson-Pelur was executed. Karlsson was convicted of carrying out three robberies and one murder. Executions attracted many spectators, especially given that the railway was completed two years earlier.
An essay about the execution states "Han gick lägga tjoka på ett bräe". This meant that a prisoner had put his chin on a board so his blood could be collected in a bowl. The blood would then be used to cure diseases, it was said that the blood could cure most diseases.
The Göteborgs-Posten wrote a notice of execution, where it said "He walked calmly towards his destiny". A ring of trusted men was formed around the place of execution to prevent escapes.
Kåkakullen held several burial mounds dating to between 1 100-0 B.C.
58°02′32″N 12°49′06″E﻿ / ﻿58.042264°N 12.818452°E﻿ / 58.042264; 12.818452
# Lavia, Finland

Lavia is a former municipality in the region of Satakunta, in Finland. It was merged with the city of Pori on 1 January 2015.
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

## People born in Lavia

* Frans Mustasilta (1879 – 1949)
* Arvo Riihimäki (1891 – 1972)
* Pentti Antila (1926 – 1997)
* Jaakko Jonkka (1953 – 2022)
# Lepidophorus inquinatus

Lepidophorus inquinatus is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Grumello Cremonese ed Uniti

Grumello Cremonese ed Uniti (Cremunés: Grümél) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Cremona.
Grumello Cremonese ed Uniti borders the following municipalities: Acquanegra Cremonese, Annicco, Cappella Cantone, Crotta d'Adda, Pizzighettone, Sesto ed Uniti.
# Eburodacrys assimilis

Eburodacrys assimilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
# Hindu chronology

Hindu chronology may refer to:
* Indian astronomy
* Hindu calendar
* Hindu units of time
* Yuga, in philosophy, the name of an "epoch" or "era" within a cycle of four ages
* Vedic-Puranic chronology, an overview of Hindu mythology based on the Puranas
** Archaeoastronomy and Vedic chronology
* Timeline of Hindu texts
# Texas Jack Jr.

Texas Jack Jr. (c. 1860 – 1905), who adopted the name of his rescuer and childhood protector, Texas Jack Omohundro, ran an international traveling Wild West Show and Circus.

## Background

Not long after the American Civil War, while driving a herd of cattle to northern markets, Texas Jack Omohundro found two small girls and a five-year-old boy who had been orphaned when their parents were attacked and killed by Native Americans. Omohundro escorted the children to safety, and provided for their care. The boy took to calling himself Texas Jack Jr.

## Wild west show

Texas Jack was a sharpshooter and trick rider in shows around the world, especially South Africa. He helped Will Rogers get a start as an entertainer by offering him a part in his traveling show in 1902. Will Rogers approached Jack hoping to get a job wrangling the horses or setting tents. When Jack asked him if he could do a rope trick, Rogers obliged and was hired as an entertainer on the spot.
By 1899 he was in England with a show called "Savage South Africa". The show included a historical re-enactment of the 1893 Shangani Patrol, a last stand of 34 white soldiers against an overwhelming number of Ndebele warriors, with Jack starring as Frederick Russell Burnham, the American chief of scouts who was one of only three survivors of the battle. The re-enactment was filmed and released as a war movie entitled Major Wilson's Last Stand that same year. A couple of years later he returned to South Africa and started "Texas Jack's Wild West Show & Circus."

## Death

Texas Jack died in Kroonstad, South Africa, in 1905. He was survived by his common-law wife, Lyle (or Lil) Marr, who was also a sharpshooter in his show.
# Lake Ethel

Ethel Lake is a small freshwater lake located on the north slope of the Chiwaukum Mountains, in Chelan County, Washington. Self-issued Alpine Lake Wilderness permit required for transit within the Klonaqua Lakes area. The lake is a popular area for hiking, swimming, and fishing Cutthroat trout and Rainbow trout.
Lake Ethel sits on a highly glaciated and semibarren alpine basin, surrounded by heather and other wildflowers and a coniferous presence primarily larch pines.

## History

Lake Ethel is one of the Scottish Lakes, which includes nearby Lake Donald, Loch Eileen and Lake Julius. The lakes were given names by Albert Hale Sylvester, a topographer for the United States Geological Survey working throughout the North Cascades National Park Complex around 1900. Lake Ethel was named by Sylvester after the wife of Forest Service ranger Frank Lenzie. Other lakes in the area have also been named after female family and friends of Sylvester.

## Access

Ethel Lake is accessed from Lake Ethel Trail #1585. The trailhead is located 2.5 miles south on Gill Creek Road #6940 off of U.S. Highway 2 in the community of Merritt. The trail crosses several private logging properties and reaches the lake in approximately 5 miles.
# Lesotho at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Lesotho competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Boxing | 3 | – | 3 |
| Total | 6 | 0 | 6 |

## Athletics
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Mothobi Kharitse | 100 m | 10.97 | 5 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Mohala Mohloli | Marathon | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2:44:44 | 82 |
| Noheku Nteso | Marathon | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2:29:44 | 61 |

## Boxing
### Men

| Athlete | Event | 1 Round | 2 Round | 3 Round | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Teboho Mathibeli | Flyweight | BYE | González (MEX) L 0-5 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Ncholu Monontsi | Light Middleweight | BYE | Kitel (SWE) L 0-5 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Sello Mojela | Middleweight | BYE | Stubblefield (LBR) W 5-0 | Maske (GDR) L WO | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Ruth, West Virginia

Ruth is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Ruth is located along U.S. Route 119 and West Virginia Route 214, 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Charleston.
# Grumet

Grumet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jacob B. Grumet (1900–1987), American lawyer and judge
* Madeleine Grumet (born 1940), American academic in curriculum theory and feminist theory
# Ece

Ece (IPA:) is a Turkish word meaning queen and may refer to:

## Given names

* Ece Ayhan Çağlar (1931–2002), Turkish poet
* Ece Ege (born 1963), Turkish fashion designer
* Ece Erken (born 1978), Turkish actress
* Ece Hocaoğlu (born 1994), Turkish volleyball player
* Ece Seçkin (born 1991), Turkish singer
* Ece Tekmen (born 2002), Turkeish women's footballer
* Ece Temelkuran (born 1973), Turkish journalist
* Ece Türkoğlu (born 1999), Turkish football player
* Ece Uslu (born 1974), Turkish actress
* Ece Yağmur Yavuz (born 2004), Turkish artistic gymnast
* Ece Yaşar (born 1990), Turkish karateka

## Surname

* Arzu Ece (born 1963), Turkish singer
* Keriman Halis Ece (1913–2012), Turkish pianist, fashion model and Miss Turkey 1932
* Meral Hussein-Ece, Baroness Hussein-Ece (born 1953), British Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords
# 2023 European Wrestling Championships – Men's freestyle 70 kg

The Men's Freestyle 70 kg is a competition featured at the 2023 European Wrestling Championships, and was held in Zagreb, Croatia on April 17 and 18.

## Medalists

| Gold | Haji Aliyev (AZE) |
| Silver | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) |
| Bronze | Vasile Diacon (MDA) |
| Bronze | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) |

## Results
### Legend

* F — Won by fall
* WO — Won by walkover
| Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | Arman Andreasyan (ARM) | Arman Andreasyan (ARM) | 1 | | | | | | |
| Daniel Chomanič (SVK) | Daniel Chomanič (SVK) | 0 | Vasile Diacon (MDA) | Vasile Diacon (MDA) | 2 | | | | | | |
| Vasile Diacon (MDA) | Vasile Diacon (MDA) | 11 | | | | Vasile Diacon (MDA) | Vasile Diacon (MDA) | 1 | | | |
| Dániel Antal (HUN) | Dániel Antal (HUN) | | | | | Haji Aliyev (AZE) | Haji Aliyev (AZE) | 4 | | | |
| Kevin Henkel (GER) | Kevin Henkel (GER) | WO | Kevin Henkel (GER) | Kevin Henkel (GER) | 0 | | | | | | |
| Haji Aliyev (AZE) | Haji Aliyev (AZE) | 12 | Haji Aliyev (AZE) | Haji Aliyev (AZE) | 4 | | | | | | |
| Gianluca Talamo (ITA) | Gianluca Talamo (ITA) | 1 | | | | | | | Haji Aliyev (AZE) | Haji Aliyev (AZE) | 10 |
| Servet Coşkun (TUR) | Servet Coşkun (TUR) | 1 | | | | | | | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) | 3 |
| Giorgi Elbakidze (GEO) | Giorgi Elbakidze (GEO) | 3 | Giorgi Elbakidze (GEO) | Giorgi Elbakidze (GEO) | 3 | | | | | | |
| Marc Dietsche (SUI) | Marc Dietsche (SUI) | 0 | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) | 14 | | | | | | |
| Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) | 10 | | | | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) | 4 | | | |
| Fati Vejseli (MKD) | Fati Vejseli (MKD) | 9 | | | | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) | 14 | | | |
| Patryk Ołenczyn (POL) | Patryk Ołenczyn (POL) | 11 | Patryk Ołenczyn (POL) | Patryk Ołenczyn (POL) | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) | 11$^F$ | | | | | | |
| Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 1 | Bronze medal match | Bronze medal match |
| Gianluca Talamo (ITA) | 3 | Kevin Henkel (GER) | 2 |
| Kevin Henkel (GER) | 13 | Vasile Diacon (MDA) | 7 |
| | | Patryk Ołenczyn (POL) | 1 |
| | | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) | 6$^F$ |

## Final standing

| Rank | Athlete |
| | Haji Aliyev (AZE) |
| | Ramazan Ramazanov (BUL) |
| | Vasile Diacon (MDA) |
| | Ihor Nykyforuk (UKR) |
| 5 | Kevin Henkel (GER) |
| 5 | Patryk Ołenczyn (POL) |
| 7 | Giorgi Elbakidze (GEO) |
| 8 | Gianluca Talamo (ITA) |
| 9 | Fati Vejseli (MKD) |
| 10 | Arman Andreasyan (ARM) |
| 11 | Servet Coşkun (TUR) |
| 12 | Marc Dietsche (SUI) |
| 13 | Daniel Chomanič (SVK) |
| — | Dániel Antal (HUN) |
# Yalavarthi Naveen Babu

Yalavarthi Naveen Babu (29 May 1964 – 18 February 2000), or simply Naveen, was an Indian Naxalite leader.
Yalavarthi Naveen Babu was born on 29 May 1964 in Guddikayalanka village, Bapatla district, Andhra Pradesh, India. His family were farmers from middle class background. Naveen studied at Babu Jagjivan Ram College, Hyderabad, where he obtained a B.Sc. He moved to Meerut University in 1984, where he started studying for his MA in Sociology in 1984. In 1986, he transferred to Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, gaining an MA in 1988 and starting to study for a PhD. The Delhi Radical Students Organisation (DRSO) was formed in 1986, and Naveen joined this group in 1988. The DRSO was part of the Radical Students Union. In 1990, Naveen represented the DRSO in the national All India Revolutionary Students Federation, and became editor of its magazine Kalam.
In the early 1990s, Naveen abandoned his studies and joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) as a full-time activist in the People's War Group (PWG). He quickly moved up through the ranks to the Central Committee. He took the lead in organizing an International Seminar on Nationality Struggles in Delhi in February 1996 for the All India Peoples' Revolutionary Forum. The Coordination Committee of Struggles of Nationalities and Democratic Movements was formed as a result of this seminar, bringing together revolutionaries from different South Asian countries.
Naveen was killed on 18 February 2000 in a village near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. He died in a firefight with police. In September 2008, his MPhil dissertation was published as a book, "From Varna to Jati". The book discusses the political economy of caste, tracing the evolution of the system in economic and socio-cultural terms. It has been described as "a modest but significant interdisciplinary contribution to Indian Marxist historiography, sociology and political economy".
# Hugh Alan Anderson

Hugh Alan Anderson (September 25, 1933 – April 22, 2015) was a Canadian politician.
An insurance broker by trade, Anderson was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1974 federal election representing the riding of Comox—Alberni, British Columbia. The Liberal MP served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Fisheries and the Environment from 1977 to 1978 and then as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development until the 1979 federal election in which he was defeated.
Anderson remained active in public life, serving since the 1990s as Chair of the Port Alberni Port Authority. He died on April 22, 2015.
# Lake Eufaula State Park

Lake Eufaula State Park is a 2,853-acre (11.55 km$^2$) Oklahoma state park located in McIntosh County, Oklahoma on Lake Eufaula. It is 14 miles (23 km) southwest of Checotah. The park was formerly known as Fountainhead State Park. Fountainhead, together with the neighboring Arrowhead State Park, were created in 1965. Fountainhead's name was changed to Lake Eufaula State Park effective November 1, 2002. Arrowhead is now known as the Arrowhead Area at Lake Eufaula State Park.
The park has a swimming area with a beach, and multiple boat ramps. Fishing is possible year-round, and a marina and a tackle shop are located within the park. The Deep Fork Nature Center is located within the park; and there are hiking, mountain bike, and equestrian trails. On Hummingbird Beach, there is an 18-hole disc golf course. The park also has campsites for RV and tents, as well as three yurts.

## Fees

To help fund a backlog of deferred maintenance and park improvements, the state implemented an entrance fee for this park and 21 others effective June 15, 2020. The fees, charged per vehicle, start at $10 per day for a single-day or $8 for residents with an Oklahoma license plate or Oklahoma tribal plate. Fees are waived for honorably discharged veterans and Oklahoma residents age 62 & older and their spouses. Passes good for three days or a week are also available; annual passes good at all 22 state parks charging fees are offered at a cost of $75 for out-of-state visitors or $60 for Oklahoma residents. The 22 parks are:
* Arrowhead Area at Lake Eufaula State Park
* Beavers Bend State Park
* Boiling Springs State Park
* Cherokee Landing State Park
* Fort Cobb State Park
* Foss State Park
* Honey Creek Area at Grand Lake State Park
* Great Plains State Park
* Great Salt Plains State Park
* Greenleaf State Park
* Keystone State Park
* Lake Eufaula State Park
* Lake Murray State Park
* Lake Texoma State Park
* Lake Thunderbird State Park
* Lake Wister State Park
* Natural Falls State Park
* Osage Hills State Park
* Robbers Cave State Park
* Sequoyah State Park
* Tenkiller State Park
* Twin Bridges Area at Grand Lake State Park

## Fountainhead Lodge

The park was formerly home to Fountainhead Lodge, a 202-room state-run resort hotel financed by state bonds and federal economic development loans. Fountainhead was one of two lodges built on Eufaula Lake in 1965, the other being Arrowhead Lodge at Arrowhead State Park. The lodge was never very profitable, and the state was threatened with foreclosure on both Arrowhead and Fountainhead by the federal government in 1983. The lodge closed in December, 1984, and was deeded to the U.S. Economic Development Administration. In 1985, the lodge was sold to a group led by Melvyn Bell of Little Rock, Arkansas. By 1990, Bell Equities had invested millions of dollars in upgrades. In 2005, the lodge was sold at sheriff's auction to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, who subsequently demolished the hotel in 2008. At the time of demolition, the Muscogee Nation had plans to build a new resort at the same location.
# Zenker's fixative

Zenker's fixative is a rapid-acting fixative for animal tissues. It is employed to prepare specimens of animal or vegetable tissues for microscopic study. It provides excellent fixation of nuclear chromatin, connective tissue fibers and some cytoplasmic features, but does not preserve delicate cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria. Helly's fixative is preferable for traditional dye staining of mitochondria. Zenker's fixative permeabilises the plasma, but not the nuclear membrane. It can therefore be used to selectively stain mitotic cells (where the nuclear membrane has dissolved) with antibodies against chromatin
Zenker's fixative contains mercuric chloride ("corrosive sublimate"), potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, water, and acetic acid. Fixatives containing mercuric chloride or potassium dichromate are toxic, making disposal as hazardous waste costly. Mercuric chloride can be replaced with the same weight of less toxic zinc chloride, but the resulting "zinc-Zenker" may not give the same quality of fixation as the original mixture.
This fixative is named after Konrad Zenker, a German histologist, who died in 1894 (Baker 1958).

## Stock solution

Zenker is usually made with 50g of mercuric chloride, 25g of potassium dichromate, 10g of sodium sulfate (decahydrate) and distilled water to complete 1000 ml.
Before use, 5 ml glacial acetic acid is added to 100 ml of the solution. Both the stock solution and the complete Zenker fixative are stable for many years.

### Helly's fixative

If the glacial acetic acid is replaced by 5 ml of formalin (37–40% formaldehyde), the resulting solution is Helly's fixative, also sometimes called "formol-Zenker". Helly is stable for only a few hours because the formaldehyde and dichromate components react, producing formic acid and chromium(III) ions; the orange solution becomes greenish.
# Robert Munroe

Robert Munroe (1712 – April 19, 1775) was a soldier from Cambridge Farm, later Lexington, Massachusetts, notable as the third-highest ranking militia officer in the action at Lexington in the Battles of Lexington and Concord, one of the first eight Patriot fatalities in that conflict, and the first officer killed. At the time of his death, he was a militia ensign, now primarily a naval rank in English-speaking countries, but formerly the lowest rank of infantry officer in both the British and United States armies.
# Russellville, Georgia

Russellville is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

A post office called Russellville was established in 1844, and remained in operation until 1906. The community most likely was named after Alexander Russell, a pioneer settler.
# Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence

Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence is a book by Jeremy Wilson about the noted historic figure T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), who helped lead the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. It was published in 1989, first by William Heinemann Ltd., London, then in the United States by Atheneum, New York.
Michael Coren in the Toronto Star described this as "an unremarkable book", but it was named as one of the 14 best books of 1990 by The New York Times. Nigel Nicolson, reviewing for The New York Times, wrote "This biography will endure beside Seven Pillars as his monument, and any future book about T. E. Lawrence will be but a commentary on it."