OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Structural system

The term structural system or structural frame in structural engineering refers to the load-resisting sub-system of a building or object. The structural system transfers loads through interconnected elements or members.
Commonly used structures can be classified into five major categories, depending on the type of primary stress that may arise in the members of the structures under major design loads. However any two or more of the basic structural types described in the following may be combined in a single structure, such as a building or a bridge in order to meet the structure's functional requirements.
* Tensile structures: Members of tensile structures are subject to pure tension under the action of external loads. Because the tensile stress is uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of members, the material of such a structure is utilized in the most efficient manner.
* Compressive structures: Compression structures develop mainly compressive stresses under the action of axial loads. Because compressive structures are susceptible to buckling or instability, the possibility of these failures should be considered in their design. If necessary, adequate bracing must be provided to avoid such failures.
* Trusses: Trusses are composed of straight members connected at their ends by hinged connections to form a stable configuration. Because of their light weight and high strength, they are among the most commonly used types of structure.
* Shear structures: These are structures such as reinforced concrete or wooden shear walls, which are used in multistory buildings to reduce lateral movements due to wind loads and earthquake excitations. Shear structures develop mainly in-plane shear with relatively small bending stresses under the action of external loads.
* Bending structures: Bending structures develop mainly bending stresses under the action of external loads. The shear stresses associated with the changes in bending moments may also be significant, and should be considered in their design.

## High-rise buildings

The structural system of a high-rise building is designed to cope with vertical gravity loads as well as lateral loads caused by wind or seismic activity. The structural system consists only of the members designed to carry the loads, and all other members are referred to as non-structural.
A classification for the structural system of a high-rise was introduced in 1969 by Fazlur Khan and was extended to incorporate interior and exterior structures. The primary lateral load-resisting system defines if a structural system is an interior or exterior one. The following interior structures are possible:
* Hinged frame
* Rigid frame
* Braced frame and Shear-walled frame
* Outrigger structures (supporting overhangs)
The following exterior structures are possible:
* Buttresses
* Diagrid
* Exoskeleton
* Space truss
* Superframe
* Tube (structure)
# Ficus capreifolia

The river sandpaper fig (Ficus capreifolia) is a fig shrub or small tree of the western and eastern Afrotropics. It is typically found around pans or flood plains, or along riparian fringes in tropical or subtropical savanna regions, but is absent from the tropical rainforest zone. Despite its regular scrambling habit it may attain a height of 7 to 10 m (23 to 33 ft).
The bark is pale and smooth, and the branches are slender. Their rough-textured, pear-shaped, yellowish-green figs are up to 2 cm (0.79 in) in diameter and grow on short stalks from the leaf axils. The elongate leaves are rough on both surfaces.

## Gallery

* Fig in leaf axil
* Leaf shape
# Lake Estes

Lake Estes is a reservoir in Estes Park, Colorado created by Olympus Dam. The lake has a shoreline of about 4 miles (6.4 km) and a surface area of 185 acres (75 ha). The reservoir lies on the Big Thompson River and is a component of the Colorado-Big Thompson Project. Lake Estes sits at 7,522 feet (2,293 m) in elevation with approximately 4 miles of shoreline within Larimer County.
# Lepiota spheniscispora

Lepiota spheniscispora is a species of agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Found in central coastal California, it was described in 2001 by mycologist Else Vellinga.
# Sir Robert Williams, 2nd Baronet

Sir Robert Williams, 2nd Baronet (ca. 1627–1678), was a politician in Wales.
He was a Member of Parliament for Caernarvonshire, 1656–1658, and for Caernarvon Boroughs in 1659. He was one of the Williams-Bulkeley baronets; he became a baronet in 1663.
# Elizabeth Clephane

Elizabeth Cecilia Douglas Clephane (18 June 1830 – 19 February 1869) was a Scottish songwriter, who wrote the hymns "The Ninety and Nine" and "Beneath the Cross of Jesus".

## Early life

Clephane was born at 5 West Circus Place in Edinburgh, Scotland, the third daughter of Andrew Douglas Clephane FRSE (1780-1838), advocate and Sheriff of Fife, and his wife, Anna Maria Douglas (daughter of Lt Col Robert Douglas and Anna Maria Ashenhurst).

## Hymns

Eight hymns by Clephane were published posthumously in The Family Treasury, a Presbyterian magazine, between 1872 and 1874. Clephane's hymns were promoted in America by Ira D. Sankey who wrote a tune entitled "Clephane" to accompany "The Ninety and Nine". Another Clephane hymn, "Beneath the Cross of Jesus", is often heard at Easter, and is usually sung to the tune "St Christopher" by English organist Frederick Charles Maker.
Clephane's "The Ninety and Nine" is a reference to the Parable of the Lost Sheep, ending with the celebratory lines, "And the angels echoed around the throne, 'Rejoice, for the Lord brings back His own!'" It was sometimes performed on special occasions by a choir of 99 singers. The hymn was said to be written after the death of her brother, George Clephane (1819-1851), who had a troubled life in Canada. As the story goes, he fell from his horse while intoxicated, struck his head upon a rock and died. His grave site at Fergus, Ontario, Canada has become a site of interest for admirers of Clephane's hymns. A memorial service was held there in 1933, as part of the town's centennial observances.

## Personal life

Clephane was considered frail. She gave much to poor relief; it is said that she sold her horses to raise money for philanthropic causes. She died in 1869, aged 38 years, at Bridgend House, near Melrose, Roxburghshire, Scotland where she had spent most of her later life. Her grave is with her parents' graves in St Cuthbert's churchyard in central Edinburgh. There is also a memorial brass plaque to Clephane at Melrose Abbey.
# 2023 Engie Open de Biarritz

The 2023 Engie Open de Biarritz was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts, in Biarritz, France, from 12 to 18 June 2023. It was the twentieth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour.

## Champions
### Singles

* Fiona Ferro def. İpek Öz, 7–5, 6–3

### Doubles

* Weronika Falkowska / Katarzyna Kawa def. Conny Perrin / Anna Sisková, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 7–5

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank | Seed |
| FRA | Diane Parry | 79 | 1 |
| FRA | Séléna Janicijevic | 179 | 2 |
| CZE | Sára Bejlek | 182 | 3 |
| HUN | Tímea Babos | 211 | 4 |
| ESP | Irene Burillo Escorihuela | 244 | 5 |
| TUR | İpek Öz | 246 | 6 |
| ESP | Carlota Martínez Círez | 251 | 7 |
| BDI | Sada Nahimana | 261 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of 29 May 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Nahia Berecoechea
* Émeline Dartron
* Fiona Ferro
* Emma Léné
The following players received entry into the singles main draw using a junior exempt:
* Sara Saito
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Tessah Andrianjafitrimo
* Loïs Boisson
* Amandine Hesse
* Ena Koike
* Victoria Mboko
* Laïa Petretic
* Nina Radovanovic
* Anna Ureke
# Mantou's riflebird

Mantou's riflebird, also known as Bruijn's riflebird, is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is presumed to be an intergeneric hybrid between a twelve-wired bird-of-paradise and magnificent riflebird.

## History

At least 12 adult male specimens are known of this hybrid, held in various museums and of unknown provenance except one from the Arfak Mountains of north-western New Guinea.
# Włosnowice

Włosnowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Solec-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Solec-Zdrój, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Busko-Zdrój, and 60 km (37 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.
# Manfred Kniel

Manfred Kniel (born 1951) is a German drummer, percussionist and composer of jazz and free improvisation.

## Life and career

Kniel studied percussion at the Musikhochschule Stuttgart until 1976 and has been a professional musician since 1976. From 1973 to 1984, he was a drummer in the "Frédéric Rabold [de] Crew" and in the "Jazz Inspiration Orchestra". In addition, he belonged to the quartet of Lauren Newton, whose album Timbre (re-released as Filigree) was awarded the Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik. From 1984 to 1996, he toured with Ekkehard Rössle [de]'s quartet, with Mah-Jong SaxString, Jazz it and with his own formations Sweet Emma and Human Music Quintet (HuMus). Between 1984 and 1997, he also took part in more than 30 musical productions under the direction of Nicolas Kemmer. He also belonged to Friedemann's ensemble at the (Aquamarin Orchester in Concert).
In 2003, Kniel founded the internationally acclaimed group The Reduction Quartet, which, like the duo Fifty-Fifty, which he forms with Ekkehard Rössle, aims to play a minimalist influenced jazz. With the cellist Fried Dähn and the sound artist Klaus Feßmann [de] he formed the Ensemble Klangstein, in which he played an Orchestral percussion made of water and stone (?). In 2008, he performed with this project on Stefan Raab's TV Total, and in 2009 at the TFF Rudolstadt.
Since 1984, Kniel has been a lecturer at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart in the field of percussion and jazz rhythm.

## Recording

* Reduction Quartet Low Down Music (2004, with Mike Svoboda, Karl Farrent [de], Veit Hübner [de])
# Fetherston baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Fetherston, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of Ireland. Both are extinct.
The Fetherston Baronetcy of Blakesware, Hertfordshire was created in the Baronetage of England for Heneage Fetherston on 4 Dec 1660.
The Fetherston Baronetcy of Ardagh, County Longford was created in the Baronetage of Ireland for Ralph Fetherston on 4 August 1776.

## Fetherston baronets, of Blakesware, Hertfordshire (1660)

* Sir Heneage Fetherston, 1st Baronet (c. 1628 – 23 October 1711)
* Sir Henry Fetherston, 2nd Baronet (c. 1654 – 17 October 1746) Baronetcy extinct on his death

## Fetherston baronets, of Ardagh, County Longford (1776)

* Sir Ralph Fetherston, 1st Baronet (born by 1731 – 3 June 1780)
* Sir Thomas Fetherston, 2nd Baronet (1759 – 19 July 1819) MP for Longford 1801–1819
* Sir George Fetherston, 3rd Baronet (4 June 1784 – 12 July 1853) MP for Longford 1819–1830
* Sir Thomas Francis Fetherston, 4th Baronet (1800 – 28 August 1853)
* Sir Thomas John Fetherston, 5th Baronet (22 July 1824 – 21 September 1869)
* Sir George Ralph Fetherston, 6th Baronet (8 April 1852 – 11 February 1923) Baronetcy extinct on his death. He was survived by his sister Adeline Margaret.
# Reformatorisch Dagblad

The Reformatorisch Dagblad (Dutch pronunciation:; "Reformed Daily") is a Dutch Protestant newspaper with a circulation of around 60,000, headquartered in Apeldoorn. The conservative newspaper was founded in 1971 and is associated with the Reformed Political Party. It is one of only a handful of daily national papers remaining in the Netherlands.

## Website

Reformatorisch Dagblad has had a website since 1997. To honor the day of rest, pages on their website are not available on Sundays. It is closed on Sunday, exactly from midnight to midnight (according to the IP address location). A message is shown that the newspapers would like to see them come back on another day of the week. The news items and many other parts are therefore not available. In January 2012, the website received the domain name rd.nl, which had long been desired by the newspaper, but previously belonged to the Rotterdams Dagblad.

## Circulation

Total paid and targeted circulation in accordance to HOI, Instituut for Media Auditing and Jan van de Plasse: Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers, Otto Cramwinckel Uitgever, Amsterdam 2005, ISBN 90-75727-77-1.
* 1975: 31.200
* 1980: 46.200
* 1985: 48.290
* 1990: 52.240
* 1995: 56.540
* 2000: 58.023
* 2003: 57.324
* 2015: 43.528
* 2016: 42.740
* 2017: 41.513
# Lera Lynn

Lera Lynn (born December 5, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician.

## Early life

Born in Houston, Texas, Lynn was raised in Georgia. She has a bachelor's degree in anthropology from the University of Georgia. Before attending the university, she briefly attended Young Harris College in Young Harris, Georgia.

## Career

Lynn's first LP, Have You Met Lera Lynn, was released in 2011. In 2014, she released an EP entitled Lying in the Sun and also began creating music for the second season of the crime drama series True Detective. Working with songwriter and music producer T Bone Burnett, the two collaborated with singer-songwriter Rosanne Cash at Burnett's home in Los Angeles, California with two of the resulting tracks being included on Cash's 2018 album She Remembers Everything. After approving the musical tracks, series creator Nic Pizzolatto cast Lynn as a recurring character who performs the songs in a dive bar frequented by the main characters. Her 2016 album Resistor was reviewed in Rolling Stone.

## Discography

* Have You Met Lera Lynn (2011)
* Lying in the Sun (2014)
* The Avenues (2014)
* True Detective: Music From the HBO Series Soundtrack (2015)
* Resistor (2016)
* Plays Well With Others (2018)
* On My Own (2020)
* Something More Than Love (2022)
# Sippi

Sippi is a semi-town near Daporijo in Upper Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh it is inhabited by mostly Tagin's of central zone, Sippi also has plain parts which is surrounded by two rivers namely Subansiri, sippi ( Sippi comes under Sigin-I of Dapriojo Circle and it is also populated with people from chetam circle)

## Topography

Located 14 km from district headquarter Daporijo. It is beside two rivers and acts as center for many other villages. It is situated in between Pissa hill and Batam-Belu hill in two sides and Subansiri River in other side. While the Sippi river which has long been travelling down the mountains from Nilling and Chetam circles, with different names flows directly through the heart of the land. Providing water for the paddy fields and most of people in the area. The western side has paddy fields, with mesmerising greenery to golden rice paddies in harvest seasons. Also Sippi region is famous for its oranges.

## Festivals

Locals celebrate Donyi-Polo day (indigenous day) with much gaiety and festivity. It is organized by village community on 1 December every year, with worship starting from Donyi-Polo Namlo. With cultural program following afterwards. The Sippi River Festival was organized for the first time in the year 2020 on 23 to 26 February.
# Mantoux

Mantoux may refer to:
* Charles Mantoux (1877–1947), French physician
* Étienne Mantoux (1913–1945), French economist
* Paul Mantoux (1877–1956), French historian
* Mantoux test, a method of testing for tuberculosis
# Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams (album)

Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams is the third studio album by Finnish rock band The 69 Eyes, released in 1997 and produced by Gaga Goodies / Poko Rekords. It was turning point for The 69 Eyes, as they began their transformation from glam metal to gothic rock. Along with their change in musical direction, the band became more popular. It was recently re-released on Cleopatra Records for distribution within the US. The album features a cover song of Call Me, a popular song by the American rock band Blondie.

## Track listing

* "Call Me" (feat. Ville Valo) – 3:50
* "D.I.D." – 2:57
* "Broken Man" (feat. Ville Valo) – 3:04
* "Get Around" – 3:05
* "Too Much to Lose" – 3:03
* "Sore Loser" – 4:03
* "Skanky Man" – 3:54
* "Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams" – 4:51
* "Hellcity 1999" – 3:16
* "Turbobitch" – 3:33
* "L8R S8N" – 4:24

## Singles

Call Me
* "Call Me" (Edit)
* "Broken Man"
* "Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams"

## Personnel

* Jyrki 69 – vocals
* Bazie – lead guitar
* Timo-Timo – rhythm guitar
* Archzie – bass
* Jussi 69 – drums
# Eis-zwei-Geissebei

Eis-zwei-Geissebei is a Carnival festival held in Rapperswil (Switzerland) on Shrove Tuesday.

## History and origin

Its origin may go back to the siege and destruction of the city of Rapperswil at St. Matthew in 1350 by Rudolf Brun, first mayor of the city of Zürich. At that time, compassionate citizens served food to hungry children through the windows of their houses, to which the current practice recalls.

## Today

After the traditional "Herrenessen" (dinner of the council members) in the Rathaus Rapperswil and cabaret program with distinguished guests, hundreds of children gather in the main square on Shrove Tuesday. At exactly 15:15 the windows of the town hall open and a fanfare sounds.
A council member asks, “Sind alli mini Buebe doo?” (Swiss German: Are all my boys here?), and the answer is given: “Joo! Eis - Zwei - Geissebei!” (Yes, one, two, goat-leg!), whereupon sausages, bread rolls and Biberli (a sweet) are dropped down to the children on the Hauptplatz (main square). Following the so-called Austeilete, in the evening there is intense activity, and the crowning of the carnival, all Guggenmusik (carnival marching bands) gathered on Lindenhof at Schloss Rapperswil to celebrate a roaring concert.
* The Rathaus (town hall) of Rapperswil
* Members of the city council dropping sausages, breads and Biberli (a sweet) down to the children
* Guggenmusik
# Quay (disambiguation)

A quay, or wharf, is a structure on the shore where ships dock to load and unload.
Quay also may refer to:

## People

* Allen Quay (1936—2016), American tennis player
* Jan de Quay (1901-1985), Dutch politician
* Joanne Quay (born 1980), Malaysian badminton player
* Julie Anne Quay (fl. 2017), Australian businesswoman
* Matthew Quay (1833-1904), Pennsylvania senator
* Minnie Quay, a legendary ghost in Michigan, U.S.
* Steven C. Quay (fl. from 1975), American author, scientist, and businessman
* Pierre-Maurice Quays, Quay, or Quaï (1777-1803), French neoclassical painter
* Brothers Quay (Stephen and Timothy Quay, born 1947), American filmmakers
* Quay Global (Christopher Rosser, fl. from 2017), American record producer
* Quay Walker (JaQuavian Jy'Quese Walker, born 2000), American footballer

## Places

* Quay, New Mexico, U.S.
** Quay County, New Mexico
* Quay, Oklahoma, U.S.

## Other uses

* Quay (restaurant), in Sydney, Australia
* Quay (film), a 2015 short documentary film
* QUAY-FM, a broadcasting station on Alderney
# Fiber Optic Sensing Association

The Fiber Optic Sensing Association (FOSA) is a nonprofit industry association that promotes fiber-optic sensing technology. It was founded in April 2017 in Washington, D.C. and has a membership of 21 companies and universities.

## Background and structure

The Fiber Optic Sensing Association was founded on April 24, 2017. It had nearly a dozen founding member companies representing an "eclectic" group, including Corning Inc. and OFS, across the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland. The agenda for the first meeting of FOSA focused on promoting fiber-optic sensing technology through infrastructure priorities including smart highways and implementation into larger construction projects.
FOSA is affiliated with the Fiber Broadband Association (FBA), which promotes fiber-optic networking technology. Its current Chairman is Paul Dickinson of Dura-Line. Previous Chairmen include Dave Cunningham of Network Integrity Solutions, Mike Hines of OFS, and Kent Wardley of Fotech Solutions.

## Research

A December 2017 study from FOSA found that China had the most distributed fiber-optic sensing installations in the world, followed by Germany, the United States, and South Korea. In August 2018, the organization launched a report advocating the use of fiber-optic sensing technology in railways to improve security. It has also supported implementation of fiber-optic sensing technology in the pipeline industry to monitor leaks, tampering, and hazardous conditions.
FOSA supported the Smart Cities and Communities Act, introduced by Representatives Suzan DelBene and Yvette Clarke. The bill would provide $1.1 billion to expand the use of smart city technology. It also supported Federal Highway Administration "dig once" policies. Along with other industry associations, FOSA supported the Community Broadband Act, which would eliminate state laws that restrict the ability of local government to create broadband networks, introduced by Representative Anna Eshoo and Senator Cory Booker.

## Members

As of March 2024, FOSA claims 21 members:
* AP Sensing
* Corning Inc.
* Ditch Witch
* Dura-Line Corporation
* Exail
* FBGS Technologies GmbH
* FEBUS Optics
* Hifi Engineering
* Institute of Engineering Geodesy and Measurement Systems, Graz University of Technology
* Luna Innovations (LIOS, OptaSense, Silixa)
* NEC Corporation of America
* Network Integrity Systems
* OFS
* OZ Optics
* Prysmian Group
* Samm Teknoloji
* Sensonic
* Smartpipe Technologies
* Underline
* University of California, Berkeley
* Viavi Solutions
# Lat

Lat or LAT may refer to:

## Places

* Lat, Fuman, village in Gilan Province, Iran
* Lat, Rasht, village in Gilan Province, Iran
* Lat, Mazandaran, village in Iran
* Lat-e Disar, village in Mazandaran Province, Iran
* Lat, Qazvin, village in Iran

## Media

* Los Angeles Times, American newspaper
* LAT TV, American Spanish-language TV network

## Science

* Blatta lateralis, a species of cockroach
* LAT (gene), which encodes Linker of Activated T cells
* LAT1, the large neutral amino acid transporter
* Latissimus dorsi muscle, a muscle on the back trunk of the upper body
* Latitude, a coordinate that specifies the north–south position

## Technology

* Local Area Transport, a non-routable networking technology
* Lam Tin station's MTR station code
* Large Area Telescope, an instrument aboard Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
* Linear approximation table, a concept in cryptanalysis.

## People

* Lat (cartoonist) (born 1951), Malaysian cartoonist
* David Lat (born 1975), American lawyer and blogger

## Other

* Al-Lat, a pre-Islamic Arabian goddess
* Latvia's IOC country code
* Latvian lats, the former currency of Latvia (lats is the singular form)
* Living apart together, a term for couples who reside separately
* Lowest astronomical tide, a common chart datum
# Gibberella baccata

Gibberella baccata is a fungal plant pathogen. It is a common finding worldwide. It is common in soil and in woody plants, especially in tree tissues.$^{:190}$

## Hosts

Hosts include Citrus spp., hardwood lumber trees, coffee, plum, apple (Malus spp.), and mulberry (Morus spp.).$^{:191}$