OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maynard v West Midlands Regional HA

Maynard v West Midlands Regional Health Authority is an English tort law case concerning the Bolam test for professional negligence.
The patient presented with symptoms of tuberculosis but both the consultant physician and the consultant surgeon took the view that Hodgkin's disease, carcinoma, and sarcoidosis were also possibilities, the first of which if present would have required remedial steps to be taken in its early stages. Instead of waiting for the results of the sputum tests, the consultants carried out a mediastinoscopy to get a biopsy. The inherent risk of damage was to the left laryngeal recurrent nerve, even if the operation was properly done. In the event, only tuberculosis was confirmed. Unfortunately, the risk became a reality and the patient suffered a paralysis of the left vocal cord. The decision of the physician and the surgeon to proceed was said by their expert peers to be reasonable in all the circumstances.
The trial judge initially held that the surgeon had been negligent for failing to use a different surgical technique that was advocated by one group of medical experts. However, the Court of Appeal reversed the decision, and the House of Lords upheld that reversal, stating that "differences of opinion and practice within the medical profession are inevitable, and that a court's preference for one medical opinion over another is not a basis for finding negligence". This decision reaffirmed the Bolam principle, which holds that a doctor will not be considered negligent if they have acted in accordance with a responsible body of medical opinion, although the later case of Bolitho somewhat qualified Bolam.
# Ant Nation

Ant Nation is a real time strategy video game from Konami for WiiWare and Nintendo DS. The WiiWare version was released on July 13, 2009, in North America and the Nintendo DS version was released on September 8, 2009.

## Gameplay

In both versions of the game players train a colony of ants to become tough enough to survive various challenges. In the Nintendo DS version, the ants are a genetically engineered species bred to defeat a colony of invading alien ants. The WiiWare version is a sandbox game while the DS version features an expanding mission structure.
Players subject their ants to various dangers such as lightning, fire and heat rays from a magnifying glass to build up their resistance before sending them off on missions to collect food and defeat other insects. While in the WiiWare version the player controlled a swarm of up to hundreds of ants, the DS version is based around a rock-paper-scissors unit mechanic that sees players creating groups of ants with specific resistance to certain dangers.
The WiiWare version contains a bonus mode that involves trying to kill all ants in the level using items such as hammers, lasers and bug spray.

## Reception

Nintendo World Report called it "a slow-paced, disturbing affair with little variety", and IGN called the campaign mode shallow and mundane and that game could only briefly entertain "the desperately bored or the blind", while Nintendo Power gave this game one of the lowest rating ever; 2.0.
# Huanghuagang Subdistrict, Guangzhou

Huanghuagang is a subdistrict of the Yuexiu District in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, southern China.
# Takeshi Hotta

Takeshi Hotta (堀田剛司, Hotta Takeshi) is the Head coach of the Aomori Wat's in the Japanese B.League.

## Head coaching record

| Team | Year | G | W | L | W–L% | Finish | PG | PW | PL | PW–L% | Result |
| Kanazawa Samuraiz | 2017-18 | 60 | 28 | 32 | .467 | 4th in B2 Central | - | - | - | – | - |
| Kanazawa Samuraiz | 2018-19 | 60 | 21 | 39 | .350 | 5th in B2 Central | - | - | - | – | - |
# Hindemith (disambiguation)

Paul Hindemith (1895–1963) was a German composer, violist, violinist, teacher and conductor.
Hindemith also refers to:
* Rudolf Hindemith (1900–1974), German cellist and conductor, brother of Paul
* Maria Landes-Hindemith (1901–1987), pianist, wife of Rudolf
* Harry Hindemith (1906–1973), German actor
* 5157 Hindemith, an asteroid discovered in 1973, named for Paul
# Archdeacon of St Davids

The Archdeacon of St Davids is a senior cleric in the Church in Wales' Diocese of St Davids. The archdeacon is the senior priest with responsibility over the area of the archdeaconry of StDavids, one of three archdeaconries in the diocese (the others are Cardigan and Carmarthen). The Archdeaconry of StDavids comprises the four rural deaneries of Daugleddau, Dewisland/Fishguard, Pembroke and Roose.
The first recorded archdeacons of St Davids occur soon after the Norman Conquest. However, no territorial titles are recorded until after c. 1125.

## List of archdeacons of St Davids

* 1175–1214 Pontius
* 1215–1222 Martin
* 1219–1229 Hugh of Clun
* 1231–? Jordan of the Three Mountains
* 1248–1259 Richard de Knovill
* 1276–1280 Peter Quinel (afterwards Bishop of Exeter, 1280)
* 1280–1287 Robert de Haverford
* 1293–1307 John Foke
* 1319 Philip
* 1328 Henry de Gower (afterwards Bishop of St Davids, 1328)
* 1328–1334 David Franceys
* ?–1349 John Faulkes
* 1349–? Richard Cleangre
* 1363,1383 John Goch or Gough
* 1361–1368 Adam de Bokelyn or Rokelyn
* 1388–1400 John Bouland
* 1400–1419 John Hiot
* 1420 John Thomas
* 1420–1422 Edmund Nicholls
* 1422–1424 William Ryley
* ?–1434 William Pencrych
* 1434–? William Thame
* 1458 John Smith
* 1459 Richard Caunton
* 1473-?1476 John Smith (2nd term; afterwards Bishop of Llandaff, 1476)
* 1500–1514 Thomas Saynte
* ?–1527 John Fychan
* ?–1547 Andrew Whitmay (Bishop of Chrysopolis)
* 1557–1581 Richard Harford
* ?–1581 John Pratt
* 1607–1644 Robert Rudd (ejected and imprisoned, 1644)
* 1644–1667 Hugh Lloyd (also Bishop of Llandaff, 1660)
* 1667–? Anthony Jones
* 1678–? George Owen
* 1691–1732 John Medley
* 1732–1732 Walter Morgan
* 1732–?1737 Arthur Williams
* 1737–1749 Richard Davies
* 1749–1767 Thomas Burton
* 1767–1805 Charles Moss
* 1805–1831 Ralph Churton
* 1831–1833 Edward Owen
* 1833–1863 Thomas Bevan
* 1864–1874 George Clark
* 1874–1883 Richard Lewis (afterwards Bishop of Llandaff, 1883)
* 1883–1888 Charles Edmondes
* 1888–1900 George Christopher Hilbers (resigned)
* 1900–1920 David Williams
* 1920–1927 David Prosser (afterwards Bishop of St Davids, 1927)
* 1927–1928 Gilbert Joyce (afterwards Bishop of Monmouth, 1928)
* 1929–1936 Edward Lincoln Lewis
* 1937–1942 Richard Rice Thomas (died 1942)
* 1942–1949 Bickerton Edwards
* 1949–1962 Christopher Gwynne Lewis
* 1963–1967 David Herbert Lloyd (died 1967)
* 1968–1969 Ronald James Tree
* 1970–1982 Benjamin Alec Lewis
* 1982–1988 Dewi Bridges (afterwards Bishop of Swansea and Brecon, 1988)
* 1988–1991 Ivor Rees, Assistant Bishop of St Davids (afterwards Bishop of St Davids, 1991)
* 1991–1996 Cyril John Harvey
* 1997–2002 Graham Davies
* 2003–2010 John Holdsworth (afterwards Archdeacon in Cyprus, 2010)
* 2010–2013 Keith Smalldon
* 2013–2018 Dennis Wight
* 22 March 2018 – present Paul Mackness
# Sphodropsis

Sphodropsis is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 10 described species in Sphodropsis.

## Species

These 10 species belong to the genus Sphodropsis:
* Sphodropsis babusarensis Casale, 1988 (Pakistan)
* Sphodropsis deuvei Casale & Ledoux, 1996 (Afghanistan)
* Sphodropsis elegans Coiffait, 1962 (Afghanistan)
* Sphodropsis elongatula Casale, 1983 (Pakistan)
* Sphodropsis ghilianii (Schaum, 1858) (France and Italy)
* Sphodropsis heinzi Casale, 1982 (India)
* Sphodropsis nouristanensis Casale & Ledoux, 1996 (Afghanistan)
* Sphodropsis pakistana Casale, 1982 (Pakistan)
* Sphodropsis physignatha Andrewes, 1937 (India)
* Sphodropsis staveni Casale & Heinz, 2000 (Pakistan)
# McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute

The McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI) is a major manufacturing research facility affiliated with the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.
The institute opened in 2001, and has an endowed research chair affiliated with it. It is a member of SONAMI (the Southern Ontario Network for Advanced Manufacturing Innovation) along with centers at Niagara College, Mohawk College, and Sheridan College.
In 2020, after the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic became known, the MMRI collaborated with Hamilton Health Sciences to develop face shields and help with other types of PPE manufacturing.
# Tader Valles

The Tader Valles are a set of small channels in the Phaethontis quadrangle found at 49.1° south latitude and 152.5° west longitude. They are named after the ancient name for present Segura River, Spain.

## Ice-rich mantle

Much of the surface of Mars is covered by a thick smooth mantle that is thought to be a mixture of ice and dust. This ice-rich mantle, a few yards thick, smooths the land, but in places it has a bumpy texture, resembling the surface of a basketball. Under certain conditions the ice could melt and flow down the slopes to create gullies. Because there are few craters on this mantle, the mantle is relatively young. This mantle probably fills the Tader Valles as shown in the HiRISE image below.
Changes in Mars's orbit and tilt cause significant changes in the distribution of water ice from polar regions down to latitudes equivalent to Texas. During certain climate periods water vapor leaves polar ice and enters the atmosphere. The water comes back to ground at lower latitudes as deposits of frost or snow mixed generously with dust. The atmosphere of Mars contains a great deal of fine dust particles. Water vapor will condense on the particles, then fall down to the ground due to the additional weight of the water coating. When ice at the top of the mantling layer goes back into the atmosphere, it leaves behind dust, which insulates the remaining ice.
* Map of Phaethontis quadrangle. Click on to enlarge and see some crater names.
* The Tader Valles, as seen by THEMIS. Smooth material in channels may be a mantle in the form of dirty snow.
# Gerald Gazdar

Gerald James Michael Gazdar, FBA (born 24 February 1950) is a British linguist and computer scientist.

## Education

He was educated at Heath Mount School, Bradfield College, the University of East Anglia (BA, 1970) and the University of Reading (MA, PhD).

## Career and research

Gazdar was appointed a lecturer at the University of Sussex in 1975, and became Professor of Computational Linguistics there in 1985. He retired in 2002.
Gazdar defined Linear Indexed Grammars and pioneered, along with his colleagues Ewan Klein, Geoffrey Pullum and Ivan Sag, the framework of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammars.
# Zhenghua Park

Zhenghua Park is a nature park in Singapore bounded by Bukit Timah Expressway (BKE), BKE Slip Road to Kranji Expressway (KJE), and Dairy Farm Road.

## History

The park was built between the PUB pipeline reserve and the Bukit Timah Expressway (BKE), near the Bukit Panjang housing estate.

## Visitor Info

The 13.5 ha park provides a number of activities for its visitors; including cycling, hiking and has other facilities such as the playground and fitness equipment.
The park hosts over twenty species of tree including rubber trees.
The park and the surrounding area are dangerous to visit, with the risk of wild boar attacks.
# Statue of Swami Vivekananda

The Swami Vivekananda statue is a bronze statue of the Hindu Indian monk Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902), located in Golpark neighbourhood in the Indian city of Kolkata. The original statue, made of marble and unveiled in 1966, was the oldest statue of Swami Vivekananda in the city. The old statue was replaced by a new, taller one in 2005.

## History
### Old marble statue

The original statue of Swami Vivekananda at Golpark was seven feet tall and made of marble. It was installed in 1966, sixty-four years after Vivekananda's death. In 2005, it was moved to the Mission's Golpark campus to make room for a new, larger statue.

### Bronze statue

In 2005, the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture decided to replace the old marble statue with a taller bronze one. Swami Gahanananda, the president of the institute, said in May 2005 that the old statue did not fit well with the urban development of Golpark and South Kolkata area—it was "dwarfed" by the new high-rises—and that many devotees of Ramakrishna and Vivekananda requested that the institute replace it.
The bronze statue of Swami Vivekananda is twelve feet high and is mounted on an eight-foot-tall cement pedestal. The statue was made by Anit Ghosh of the Government College of Art & Craft. The Kolkata Municipal Corporation provided ₹1.2 million (US$14,000) rupees for the work. Subrata Mukherjee, who was the Mayor of Kolkata at that time, said that the city agreed to the financial contribution after being "shown a few letters from devotees suggesting the installation of a giant statue of Swamiji at Gol Park in place of the old one." He added, "This is a necessity, in the light of overall development of the Gol Park area."

### After installation

The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture was given the responsibility for carrying out maintenance of the park and adjacent area at Golpark by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation in 2006. A major two-month renovation of the park was undertaken in 2010, using funds provided by the Times Foundation; improvements included new lighting for the statue.

## Location

Golpark is a landmark in South Kolkata. It is a circle-shaped fenced park, which is surrounded by a traffic roundabout. The statue is located at the middle of the park. The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, a branch of the Ramakrishna Mission which was established by Swami Vivekananda, is located across the street.
# Dream Mall

Dream Mall (Chinese: 夢時代購物中心; pinyin: Mèngshídài Gòuwù Zhòngxīn), located in Cianjhen District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, is the largest shopping mall in Taiwan and the 15th largest in East Asia (formerly the largest). It is built and operated by Tungcheng Development Corporation (Chinese: 統正開發股份有限公司), a subsidiary of Uni-President Enterprises Corporation, Taiwan's largest food conglomerate that also runs subsidiaries in many other industries. It was designed by international architecture firm RTKL, based in Baltimore, Maryland and opened on 12 May 2007, and contains restaurants, movie theater, gym, and entertainment facilities including a rooftop amusement park.

## Ferris wheel

The rooftop amusement park at Dream Mall is the home of the Kaohsiung Eye (Chinese: 高雄之眼) Ferris wheel. The wheel has a diameter of 50 meters (160 ft). Building and wheel have a combined height of 102.5 meters (336 ft).

## Transportation

The mall is served by Dream Mall light rail station of the LRT and accessible within walking distance west from Kaisyuan metro station of the Kaohsiung MRT.
# French West African franc

The franc was the currency of French West Africa. The French franc circulated, together with distinct banknotes from 1903 and coins from 1944. It was replaced by the CFA franc in 1945.

## Coins

In 1944, aluminium-bronze 50 centimes and 1 franc coins were issued. These were the only coins struck before the introduction of the CFA franc.

## Banknotes

The Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale began issuing notes in 1903. 100 franc notes were introduced that year, followed by 5 francs in 1904, 500 francs in 1912, 25 francs in 1917, 1000 francs in 1919 and 50 francs in 1920. 10 franc notes were introduced in 1943. In 1944, the government issued notes for 50 centimes, and 1 and 2 francs. The notes of the Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale continued to circulate after the introduction of the CFA franc.
# Earl Edwards

Earl Edwards may refer to:
* Earl Edwards (songwriter), American songwriter
* Earl Edwards (American football) (born 1946), American football player
* Earl Gene Edwards
* Earl Edwards Jr. (born 1992), American soccer player
# Sphodros

Sphodros is a genus of North American purseweb spiders first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1835. It was considered a synonym of Atypus until 1980.

## Species

As of April 2019 it contains seven species in the United States, Canada, and Mexico:
* Sphodros abboti Walckenaer, 1835 (type) – Southern Georgia, Northern Florida
* Sphodros atlanticus Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – Eastern and Central United States
* Sphodros coylei Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – South Carolina, Virginia
* Sphodros fitchi Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Iowa
* Sphodros niger (Hentz, 1842) – Canada, Northeastern United States (south to Tennessee and east to Kansas)
* Sphodros paisano Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – Southeastern Texas, Mexico
* Sphodros rufipes (Latreille, 1829) – Southeastern United States (east from Texas)
# Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan cricket team

Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan cricket team, which represents the national sports academy, Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan, began playing List A cricket in Bangladesh in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, and T20 cricket in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League. The team has played in various minor competitions in Bangladesh since the academy's founding in the 1980s.
In February 2019, they won their opening match in the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Twenty20 Cricket League, beating Prime Doleshwar Sporting Club in a Super Over, after the game finished as a tie. In the 2018–19 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League the team finished second from bottom in the table after the group stage fixtures, and therefore moved to the Relegation League playoffs section of the tournament. In the relegation playoffs, they finished in third place of the three teams, and were relegated to the First Division for the next season.
# Dressed to Kill Tour

Dressed to Kill Tour may refer to:
* Dressed to Kill Tour (Cher), 2014
* Dressed to Kill Tour (Kiss), 1975
# Gerald Giampa

Gerald Giampa (March 4, 1950 – June 24, 2009) was a printer, typographer and author.

## Biography

When Gerald Giampa was born on 4 March 1950, his parents lived in a tent in Duncan, British Columbia. His interest in printing books came from his grandfather, who liked to read. Giampa studied letterpress printing and typography under Wil Hudson and Nick Schwabe in Vancouver.
From 1975 to 1981 Giampa's Cobblestone Press in Vancouver published not only jobbing printing but also works by Ezra Pound, Robin Blaser and George Bowering among others. During this time he chiefly used Caslon type.
Later Giampa expanded his company, renaming it the Northland Letterpress Company, and in 1983 he bought the US Lanston Monotype Machine Company of Philadelphia from M & H typefounders in San Francisco. With the Lanston Monotype Company's stock he acquired much of Frederic Goudy's materials. He and Jim Rimmer adapted these for digital form; and from 1988 to 2004 ran the digital foundry, Lanston Type Company.
In 1994 Giampa moved to Prince Edward Island, but a few years later his stock was destroyed in a storm. The name of his firm, together with its fonts, were bought in 2004 by the digital foundry P22, of Buffalo, NY.
Giampa designed the Bodoni 26 font, which was named in the top 100 Types in a survey conducted by the Type Directors Club.
He died on 20 June 2009 in Vancouver.
# Cusin

Cusin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alphonse Cusin (1820–1894), French architect
* Marco Cusin (born 1985), Italian basketball player
* Rémi Cusin (born 1986), French cyclist
* Stefano Cusin (born 1968), Canadian-born Italian footballer and manager
# Anthony Parsons (musician)

Anthony Nathan Parsons (born 3 November 1989) is a singer-songwriter, producer, and entertainer from England. He has released eleven singles and one extended play to date.

## Career

Growing up, Parsons displayed some musical ability, playing the keyboard and writing snippets of songs.
In 2007, Parsons began his music career by posting videos on YouTube featuring himself singing cover songs. These would be recorded in the style of him sitting and facing a camera whilst singing into a hand-held microphone. Most of these early videos were recorded whilst Parsons was working on a night shift as a security guard and the background in his videos often featured various workplace settings. The first song that Parsons covered was "Your Song" by Elton John. The song was recorded a cappella featuring just Parsons' vocals. He received a positive response to this video which prompted him to record and release more videos onto YouTube.
In 2015, one of Parsons' YouTube videos, featuring a cover of Celine Dion's "I'm Alive", caught the attention of talent scouts in America. They arranged for Parsons to travel to Florida where he performed a number of live shows for them including at the World of Beer Festival in Florida.

## Personal life

Parsons was born in Bolsover, Derbyshire, England. He is married and still resides there with two children and two step-children.
He has provided vocals on two charity song releases; "Rise Above It All" in 2020 and also as a guest vocalist on "A Children's Christmas Time" in 2017. This was a charity Christmas single organised by Chesterfield's Spire Radio and featuring various local artists. The single was in aid of both Ashgate Hospicecare and Teenage Cancer Trust.

## Awards
### Roots Live Music Awards 2020

* Best Songwriter – Nominated
* Best Solo Live Act – Nominated
* Best Original Song (Summer Rain) – Nominated

### Hero of Bolsover Award

On 9 September 2020, Parsons was presented with the 'Hero of Bolsover Award' by Bolsover MP Mark Fletcher. This was in recognition of his charity single, "Rise Above It All".

### GITM Award

* Best Solo Male - Won
* Single of The Year (Rise Above It All) - Won
* EP of The Year (The End of The Beginning) - Won
* Special Award (given for his charity single, 'Rise Above It All')
# Misao

Misao (written: 操 or みさを in hiragana) is a unisex Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Misao Fujimura (藤村 操, 1886–1903), Japanese philosophy student and poet
* Misao Jo (城 みさを, 1913–2018), Japanese textile artist, weaver and educator
* Misao Katagiri (片桐 操, 1947–1972), Japanese murderer
* Misao Kodate (小舘 操, born 1961), Japanese biathlete
* Misao Ono (小野 操, 1908–?), Japanese high jumper
* Misao Tamai (玉井 操, 1903–1978), Japanese footballer
* Misao Yokota (横田 みさを, born 1917), Japanese swimmer
* Misao, a Serbian publication

## Fictional characters

* Misao Amano (天野 美紗緒), a character in the anime series Magical Girl Pretty Sammy
* Misao Harada (原田 実沙緒), protagonist of the manga series Black Bird
* Misao Kusakabe (日下部 みさお), a character in the manga series Lucky Star
* Makimachi Misao (巻町 操), a character in the manga series Rurouni Kenshin
* Misao Minakami (水無神 操緒), a character in the light novel series Asura Cryin'
* Misao Sakimori (防人 操), a character in the video game Gate Keepers
* Misao Zaitsu (財津 操), a character in the manga series First Love Limited
# Ardross distillery

57°44′23.14″N 4°20′17.31″W﻿ / ﻿57.7397611°N 4.3381417°W﻿ / 57.7397611; -4.3381417
Ardross distillery is a Scotch whisky and Gin distillery in Ardross, Highland, Scotland.

## History

The distillery was begun by Andrew Rankin, a Master whisky blender at Ardross mains farm in December 2015. The entire distillery project, including a bonded warehouse outside Glasgow cost approximately £50 million. Planning approval was granted for the distillery in February 2017. Building work began in November 2017 across a 50-acre site. The building work included restoration of the existing 19th century buildings as well as building new distillation facilities. The architect, NoRR commissioned a photographic survey of the derelict buildings prior to their restoration and conversion as a distillery.
In December 2021, new make spirit from the distillery became the first-ever new make spirit to be auctioned in cask at Christie's auction house.

## Production

Water for the whisky comes from nearby Loch Dubh.
Whisky production commenced in late 2019. The distillery also began producing a gin 'Theodore' with a Picts theme in Autumn 2019.