OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Megaureter

Megaureter is a medical anomaly whereby the ureter is abnormally dilated. Congenital megaureter is an uncommon condition which is more common in males, may be bilateral, and is often associated with other congenital anomalies. The cause is thought to be aperistalsis of the distal ureter, leading to dilatation.
The cutoff value for megaureter is when it is wider than 6 or 7 mm.
A functional obstruction at the lower end of the ureter leads to progressive dilatation and a tendency to infection. The ureteric orifice appears normal and a ureteric catheter passes easily.
Definitive surgical treatment involves refashioning the lower end of the affected ureter so that a tunnelled reimplantation into the bladder can be done to prevent reflux.
# Megaustenia

Megaustenia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Ariophantinae of the family Ariophantidae.

## Species

* Megaustenia annhiae (Thach & F. Huber, 2017)
* Megaustenia balansai (Mabille, 1889)
* Megaustenia birmanica (Philippi, 1847)
* Megaustenia cochinchinensis (Morelet, 1866)
* Megaustenia fragilis (Möllendorff, 1901)
* Megaustenia heliciformis (L. Pfeiffer, 1855)
* Megaustenia huberi (Thach, 2016)
* Megaustenia imperator (A. Gould, 1859)
* Megaustenia inusitata (Godwin-Austen, 1898)
* Megaustenia khyoungensis (Godwin-Austen, 1888)
* Megaustenia malefica (J. Mabille, 1887)
* Megaustenia messageri (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909)
* Megaustenia praestans (Gould, 1843)
* Megaustenia rondonyi (H. Fischer, 1898)
* Megaustenia siamensis (Haines, 1855)
* Megaustenia tongkingensis (Möllendorff, 1901)
* Megaustenia unguiculus (Morelet, 1865)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Megaustenia russeola (Morelet, 1865): synonym of Durgella russeola (Morelet, 1865) (unaccepted combination)
* Megaustenia siamense (Haines, 1855): synonym of Megaustenia siamensis (Haines, 1855) (incorrect gender of species name)
* Megaustenia tecta (Souleyet, 1852): synonym of Macrochlamys tecta (Souleyet, 1852)
# Eyre Developmental Road

The Eyre Developmental Road is a gazetted road in south-west Queensland that runs from Bedourie to Birdsville and then to the border with South Australia, where it continues as the Birdsville Track. At the northern end it joins the Diamantina Developmental Road, and the mostly unsealed road crosses the Georgina River and Diamantina River. Maintenance of the road is the responsibility of the Queensland State Government. The road intersects with the Birdsville Developmental Road in Birdsville.

## Upgrades
### Pave and seal

A project to pave and seal 20 kilometres (12 mi) of road south of Bedourie, at a cost of $10 million, was expected to complete in early 2022.
A project to pave and seal about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) of road north of Birdsville, at a cost of $4.5 million, was expected to finish in late 2022.
# Exploratory surgery

Exploratory surgery is surgery whose purpose is to look inside the body to help diagnose an ailment. Because surgery is an invasive and often risky intervention, it is typically only used when other methods such as external observation and testing body fluids have failed. Modern imaging techniques, starting with the invention of CT scans in 1972, have made it possible to look inside the body without surgery; these less-invasive techniques have significantly replaced exploratory surgery in humans. Exploratory surgery is still used for non-human animals, where tools for imaging are more expensive than exploratory surgery and often less available.

## Exploratory surgery in humans

As late as the early 1970s, when a patient presented to a hospital and reported severe pain for which there was no cause readily detectable from external observation or tests of body fluids, exploratory surgery was often the only way to make a definitive diagnosis while the patient was alive. This was highly risky. The patient could irreversibly decompensate from some undetected acute condition before the surgery could be initiated and completed, or the surgery might reveal no significant abnormalities. In a high percentage of cases, exploratory surgery was unable to provide a definitive answer, meaning the patient had endured great suffering for no net benefit.
Since the 1970s, exploratory surgery is used to make a diagnosis when typical imaging techniques fail to find an accurate diagnosis. The use of new technologies such as MRIs have made exploratory surgeries less frequent. For example, GE HealthCare reported in 2009 that in the United States, the number of laparatomies performed annually fell from 85,000 in 1993 to 35,000 in 2006, and the number of thoracotomies performed annually fell from 5,500 to 2,000 in 2006. Many kinds of exploratory surgeries can now be performed using endoscopy which uses a camera and minimal incisions instead of more invasive techniques.
The most common use of exploratory surgery in humans is in the abdomen, a laparotomy. If a camera is used, it's called a laparoscopy. A laparotomy can be used to diagnose cancer, endometriosis, gallstones, gastrointestinal perforation, appendicitis, diverticulitis, liver abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and other conditions involving abdominal organs. A biopsy can be performed during the procedure.

## Exploratory surgery in animals

Because animals cannot voice their symptoms as easily as humans, exploratory surgery is more common in animals. Exploratory surgery is done when looking for a foreign body that may be lodged in the animal's body, when looking for cancer, or when looking for various other gastrointestinal problems. It is a fairly routine procedure that is done only after tests and bloodwork reveal nothing abnormal.
# FBC Torinese

Foot-Ball Club Torinese was an Italian football club from Turin that was founded in 1894. It merged with Internazionale Torino in 1900, keeping its name. The club competed in the first Italian Football Championship, and stayed in the competition until the club dissolved in 1906, allowing the creation of Torino F.C. with the support of some Juventus dissidents.

## Italian Football Championship

The club was the fourth oldest club in the history of Turin football, founded in 1894 the club wore similar colours to their local rivals Internazionale Torino with amber and black striped shirts with black socks, Internazionale wore white shorts, while Torinese wore black however.
The club was one of four that took part in the first ever Italian Football Championship during 1898. Torinese were narrowly knocked out, 2–1 by Internazionale in the semi-finals. They had similar results in the second season, losing out early in the competition to Ginnastica Torino (another Torinese club).
In 1900, a merger took place where Internazionale Torino joined with Torinese; they kept they Torinese name. This proved to be a sensible move as that season it saw the club reaching the final of the Italian Championship for the first time; on the way they knocked out Juventus and Milan, the latter of which was achieved with an Edoardo Bosio hat-trick. The final took place against Genoa, after full-time it was 1–1, but the Genovese scored two goals in extra time to seal the title.
After a season of absence the club returned to the growing league for 1902, they were involved in two high-scoring matches, the first of which was a 4–1 victory over Juventus, the second was a 4–3 loss in the semi-finals to eventual champions Genoa. Their final two seasons in the league were considerably less successful as they were put out by Juventus both times.

### Becoming defunct

In 1906, some members of the Juventus (fellow Turin club) board were considering moving the bianconeri out of Turin. This caused a large argument within the club. The president Alfred Dick left with several high-key players to form Football Club Torino. Many players from Torinese were lured to sign for the new FBC Torino and with a shortage of top players, Torinese became defunct.

## Honours

Italian Football Championship
* Runners-up: 1900
# FBD 2024

FBD 2024 is an inter-county Gaelic football competition in the province of Connacht, the successor to the FBD Insurance League. All games take place at the University of Galway Connacht GAA Airdome under the air-supported dome. London competed for the first time since the 2012 FBD, and secured their first ever win over Mayo. Roscommon were the winners, defeating Galway in the final.

## Competition format

The competition is a straight knockout; 4 teams compete in the quarter-finals while 2 teams receive a bye to the semi-finals. Drawn games go to a penalty shoot-out without the playing of extra-time.
# Memorial Hall (Racine, Wisconsin)

Memorial Hall is a convention and meeting hall built in 1924–25 in downtown Racine, Wisconsin. It is operated by the Racine Civic Center. It was given to the city as a gift by William Horlick, the original patent holder of malted milk. The hall has played host to Barack Obama, John McCain, and others.
The structure is a 2-story auditorium designed by Chicago architect Howard Van Doren Shaw in Neoclassical style, with a 176x118 foot footprint. The front entrance is sheltered by a 2-story raised portico whose four Corinthian columns support an entablature. The hall was built in memory of war dead. Names of famous battles are inscribed on the west facade and above the auditorium doors is inscribed "The Noblest Motive is the Public Good."
Beginning in 2016, Memorial Hall also hosts the Racine Storm, a basketball team in the Premier Basketball League.
# FG-47

The FG-47 (a.k.a. SpaB-54) is a Chinese solid rocket motor burning HTPB-based composite propellant. It was developed by China Hexi Chemical and Machinery Corporation (also known as the 6th Academy of CASIC) for use in the Long March 2C SD/CTS/SMA third stage. It had its inaugural flight on the Iridium-MFS demonstration mission on September 1, 1997.
It has a total nominal mass of 160 kg (350 lb), of which 125 kg (276 lb) is propellant load. It has an average thrust of 9.8 kN (2,200 lbf) with a specific impulse of 288 seconds burning for 35 seconds, with a total impulse of 353 kN (79,000 lb$_f$).
# Extensive category

In mathematics, an extensive category is a category C with finite coproducts that are disjoint and well-behaved with respect to pullbacks. Equivalently, C is extensive if the coproduct functor from the product of the slice categories C/X × C/Y to the slice category C/(X + Y) is an equivalence of categories for all objects X and Y of C.

## Examples

The categories Set and Top of sets and topological spaces, respectively, are extensive categories. More generally, the category of presheaves on any small category is extensive.
The category CRing$^{op}$ of affine schemes is extensive.
# Extensive

Extensive may refer to:
* Extensive property
* Extensive function
* Extensional
# Meral Zeren

Meral Zeren (born 1956) is a Turkish actress whose popularity started to flourish during the early 1970s and is known to have collaborated with some well-known actors of that era.

## Biography

Meral Zeren's given birthname was Çiğdem Gümüş and although her earliest part of life had started on bad terms according to one of the widespread view that when her mother whilst being pregnant learns of her husband's polygamous affair with other woman, deserts the place where she lived with her husband(Diyarbakır) and heads to Istanbul and where Zeren gets to be born, but it seems contentious regarding other sources on her birthplace. And then, Zeren received her primary and secondary education in Istanbul, though becoming compelled to drop out of school. Yet she succeeded in making herself a place when she was just 15 had already started singing on stages and caught attention of well-known directors of that time, such as Atıf Yılmaz and Memduh Ün and they provided her eventual introduction into the big screen.
Zeren's debut role in a film came from a movie named "Önce Vur sonra Sev"(1971) written by Bülent Oran and starred by lead actor Yılmaz Köksal. After that a wave of her other films got released which she was given roles opposite to some prominent actors, like Kemal Sunal(Salako,Hanzo), Cüneyt Arkın(Yanaşma), Barış Manço(Baba bizi eversene) and others.

## Selected filmography

* 1971 Önce vur sonra sev
* 1971 Alaaddin'in Lambası
* 1971 Battal Gazi Destanı
* 1972 Battal Gazi'nin intikamı
* 1972 Kanlı Para
* 1972 Çöl Kartalı
* 1972 Üç sevgili
* 1972 Dadaloğlu'nun Intikamı
* 1972 Karaoğlan Geliyor
* 1973 Bitirim Kardeşler
* 1973 Yanaşma
* 1974 Salak Milyoner
* 1974 Enayi
* 1974 From the Village to the city
* 1974 Salako
* 1975 Hanzo
* 1975 Şaşkın damat
* 1975 Salak Bacılar
* 1976 Nereye bakıyor bu adamlar
* 1978 Aşk ve Adalet
* 1980 Banker Bilo
* 1984 Şaşkın Gelin
* 1994 Tehlikeli Kadın
* 1995 Polis dosyası
* 1996 Zehirli Çiçek
* 2000 Karlar Eriyince
* 2001 Kardakiler
* 2002 Kenar Mahalle
* 2003 Sen hiç Güneşte Üşüdünmü?
* 2006 Eden bulur

## Accolades

* 2012, 49.Golden Orange Film Festival- Lifetime Honor award
# FREE Players Drum and Bugle Corps

FREE Players Drum and Bugle Corps is an American drum and bugle corps in Long Island, New York, made up of disabled people. With four sections – drumline, front ensemble, color guard, and brass – the corps has more than 70 members. The FREE Players regularly perform in parades, competitions, and festivals throughout the United States, and have performed at the Drum Corps International and at the Drum Corps Associates world championships, where they also competed in 2019.

## History

The corps was founded in 2010 by Brian Calhoun, and is run by Family Residences and Essential Enterprises, Inc. (FREE), a nonprofit organization supporting individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities, mental illness, and traumatic brain injuries.
The corps was invited to perform at the Drum Corps International World Class Championship in 2018, along with the Community Living Hamilton Drum Corps from Ontario, Canada. Although the FREE Players Drum and Bugle Corps performed at the 2018 DCI World Champions, they did not compete.
In 2019, however, the FREE Players Drum and Bugle Corps was invited to both perform and compete at the Drum Corps Associates World Championships. According to Newsweek, it was "the first time a differently abled drum and bugle corps was selected to compete". The FREE Players headlined the DCA championship, performing "Fabulous" on August 31, 2019, one day after their first Color Guard member performed an on-stage solo to the song "Pure Imagination" from Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.
# FVX

FVX or Fvx can refer to:
* Farmville Regional Airport, an airport in Farmville, Virginia, U.S., by FAA code; see List of airports in Virginia
* Ferrivauxite, a mineral; see List of mineral symbols#F
* FVX Research, a front organization run by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation
* Fraser Valley Express, a part of the Central Fraser Valley Transit System serving British Columbia province, Canada
# Mendong (Nanjing)

Mendong (Chinese: 门东) is a historical district in the Qinhuai District of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It comprises the southern part of the city within the walls and to the east of the Zhonghua Gate, in contrast to the "Mendong" area to the west of the Gate of China. The east and south sides of Mendong are bordered by the City Wall of Nanjing, extending westward to Zhonghua Road. The Qinhuai River runs through the entire area.
In the early 21st century, the southern part of Mendong in Nanjing, south of Madao Street, north to Jianzi Lane, south to the South City Wall (Xinmin Fang), and west to Shangjiang Kao Peng, including the areas of Gutong Lane, Santiaoying, Zhongying, and Bianying, were named the Old Mendong Historical and Cultural Block.
# Melody of Love

Melody of Love or Melodies of Love may refer to:

## Film and television

* The Melody of Love, a 1912 American silent short film
* Melody of Love (1928 film), an American romantic musical film
* Melody of Love (1932 film), a German operetta film directed by Georg Jacoby
* Melody of Love (1952 film), an Italian film
* Melody of Love (TV series), a 2013 South Korean daily drama series

## Music

Songs:
* "Melody of Love" (song), composed by Hans Engelmann (1903), lyrics by Tom Glazer (1954); recorded by Billy Vaughn (1955) and others
* "Melodie D'Amour" ("Melody of Love"), a 1957 song by The Ames Brothers
* "My Melody of Love", a 1974 song by Bobby Vinton
* "Melody of Love (Wanna Be Loved)", a 1994 song by Donna Summer
* "Melody of Love", a 2019 song by Hot Chip
Albums:
* Melody Of Love, a 1964 album by The Lennon Sisters
* Melodies of Love, a 1974 album by Bobby Vinton
* The Melody of Love, a 1993 album by Lata Mangeshkar
* Melody of Love, a 2006 album by Tim Miner
# Melusine (disambiguation)

Melusine is a figure of European legends and folklore.
Melusine or Melusina may also refer to:
* 373 Melusina, a main-belt asteroid
* Melusina, Countess of Walsingham (1693-1778)
* Melusine (company), an animation company based in Luxembourg
* Mélusine (comics), a Belgian comic book series first published by Dupuis in 1995
* Mélusine (novel), a fantasy novel by Sarah Monette
* Melusine (Reimann), a 1971 opera
* Mélusine, a French magazine founded by Henri Gaidoz and E. Rolland
* "Mélusine", a 2005 song by Nolwenn Leroy from Histoires Naturelles
* Mélusine (album), 2023 album by Cécile McLorin Salvant

## People

* Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal (1667–1743), mistress to George I
* Melusina von der Schulenburg, Countess of Walsingham (1693–1778), daughter of George I
* Mélusine Mayance (b. 1999), French actress
* Mélusine Ruspoli (b. 1994), Italian model and aristocrat
* Melusine Sparkle, Brazilian drag queen
# Melva, Missouri

Melva is an extinct town in southern Taney County, in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place. The site was located south of Hollister on the east bank of Turkey Creek along the Missouri Pacific Railroad. On March 11, 1920, the town was destroyed by a deadly tornado that killed 11 people, including 9 children. Some of the remains of Melva, mostly foundations of homes, remain on the site today.
A post office called Melva was established in 1906, and remained in operation until 1931. A railroad official gave the community the name of his daughter.
Gale Wade (1929-2022), baseball player, was born in Melva.
# Meredith Kazer

Meredith Wallace Kazer is a professor of nursing and dean of the Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies at Fairfield University.

## Career

An associate professor of nursing at the Yale University School of Nursing in New Haven, Connecticut, Kazer co-edited Prostate Cancer: Nursing Assessment, Management, and Care (Springer Publishing Co. 2002) with Lorrie L. Powel, Ph.D., RN, a research health scientist at Boston University School of Public Health. The American Journal of Nursing awarded the book one of its prestigious book awards.
In March 2015, test preparation company Mometrix named Kazer the tenth most influential nursing dean in the country. In 2018, she received the Connecticut League for Nursing's Presidential Award.
In 2020, Kazer was named to the Bridgeport Hospital Board of Trustees.

## Education

She earned a Bachelor of Science of Nursing from Boston University, a Master of Science of Nursing from Yale University and a Ph.D. of Nursing Research and Theory Development from New York University.

## Publications

* Kazer, Meredith Wallace (2007-10-22). Essentials of Gerontological Nursing. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-2053-3.
* Kazer, Meredith Wallace; Grossman, Sheila C. (2011-01-19). Gerontological Nurse Practitioner Certification Review. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-0643-8.
* Kazer, Meredith Wallace; Neal-Boylan, Leslie (2011-11-15). Case Studies in Gerontological Nursing for the Advanced Practice Nurse. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-8138-2378-2.
# FAST20XX

FAST20XX (Future High-Altitude High Speed Transport 20XX ) is a European Space Agency (ESA) program to develop the necessary technologies for a hypersonic suborbital spaceplane. Funding for the program was established under the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme.

## Overview

The FAST 20XX program run from 2009 to 2012 and was intended to provide a technological foundation for the industrial introduction of advanced hypersonic suborbital spaceplanes in the medium to longer term. No detailed vehicle design was planned under the program, with work instead focusing on mastering the technologies required for the development of such designs. Once the needed technologies were identified, researchers developed the dedicated analytical, numerical and experimental tools needed to investigate them. The project also looked at the legal and regulatory issues related to suborbital flight in consultation with government and international authorities.
Two concepts have been focused on under the program. The first, ALPHA, is based on SpaceShipOne, which won the Ansari X-Prize in 2003. A key aspect of the design is the need for a carrier plane to launch the suborbital vessel. The second design to be analyzed is based on the German Aerospace Center's SpaceLiner concept. The SpaceLiner is an all–rocket-propelled vehicle intended to achieve a step change in ultra-fast long-haul passenger and freight transport, with the intended ability to transport 50 passengers from Australia to Europe in 90 minutes.
# Mental health in Palestine

The mental health of Palestinians has been described as among the worst in the world, with over half of Palestinian adults meeting the diagnostic threshold for depression and a significant portion of Palestinian children experiencing mental distress, particularly in Gaza. This high prevalence of mental distress among the Palestinian population has been attributed to the intersection of a number of factors, including exposure to conflict, poor living conditions and restrictions on movement.

## Demographics
### 2022 Palestinians' Psychological Conditions Survey (PPCS)

In 2022, a study was conducted by the World Bank Group, in collaboration with the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, International Security and Development Center, and Zentrum Überleben, which aimed to understand the intersection of various factors which contribute to poor mental health among Palestinians. This has been described as the first nationally representative survey on this topic. The study was conducted on a representative sample of 5,876 Palestinian adults from Gaza and the West Bank, who were assessed using a number of questionnaires.

#### Depression

58% of the participants met the diagnostic threshold for depression. Among participants from Gaza, 71% met the criteria for depression, while the prevalence was 50% for participants from the West Bank, which is roughly 10 times higher than the global average. The severity of depression symptoms did not differ significantly between men and women. The prevalence of depression was strongly associated with perceived poverty.

#### Post-traumatic stress disorder

7% of the participants met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, with little difference in prevalence reported between participants from Gaza and the West Bank. While this figure is lower than the prevalence obtained by previous studies, this has been attributed to previous studies conducting research in the immediate aftermath of a crisis.

### 2022 Save the Children report

In 2022, Save the Children released a report titled "Trapped", which involved interviewing 488 children and 160 parents and caregivers to assess the impact which the blockade of the Gaza Strip has had on the children's mental health. 80% of the children reported experiencing emotional distress, 59% reported engaging in self-harm and 55% reported experiencing suicidal ideation.

### Israel–Hamas war
## Mental health services
### Building Palestinian Resilience project

In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO), along with the Palestinian Ministry of Health, initiated the Building Palestinian Resilience project, which involved integrating mental health into primary and secondary care, and strengthening coordination and mental health emergency preparedness. The project was funded by the European Union (EU). Almost 1,600 people were trained on the full range of mental health and psychosocial support services. The project came to an end in 2019.