OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur Patrick

Arthur Nelson Patrick (23 February 1934 – 8 March 2013) was a Seventh-day Adventist theologian and historian. At the time of death, he was an honorary senior research fellow at Avondale College in New South Wales, Australia. He also worked in pastoral ministry, evangelism, religion teaching, academic administration, and hospital chaplaincy for the Seventh-day Adventist church.

## Biography

Patrick graduated from Avondale College with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in theology in 1957; then from the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary at Andrews University with a Master of Arts (MA) and Master of Divinity (M.Div.) in 1972; followed by a Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.: Biblical Studies) from the Christian Theological Seminary in 1973.
From 1976 till 1983 he was the founding director of the Ellen G. White/Seventh-day Adventist Research Centre, located within the Avondale College library and jointly funded by the South Pacific Division of the Adventist church and the Ellen G. White Estate.
Patrick graduated with a Master of Letters (MLitt: Themes in the History of Women and Family) from the University of New England in Australia during 1984, and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the University of Newcastle, Australia, in 1992.
From 1992 until 1996 Patrick was the senior chaplain at the Sydney Adventist Hospital. During the following two academic years he was a visiting lecturer at La Sierra University in Southern California, teaching church history and pastoral ministry.
Patrick's writings attempt, in particular, to survey Adventist Studies (including study of the life and writings of Ellen Gould White, 1827–1915).
Patrick officially retired in 1998, whence one writer in Adventist Heritage magazine praised him for his contribution to the Seventh-day Adventist Church, adding Patrick's coworkers "will miss his warmth and his droll wit as well.". In retirement he served as chair of the Professional Standards Committee for the South Pacific Division; chair of Women in Ministry, Incorporated; and as a research fellow at Avondale College. He was active in writing and publishing and was a presenter at the 50th Anniversary Conference on the book Questions on Doctrine, held at Andrews University from 24 to 27 October 2007.

## Publications

Patrick wrote for a Seventh-day Adventist audience and published on his site as well as written chapters in books and articles for a range of Seventh-day Adventist magazines, including: Record, Signs of the Times, Ministry, Adventist Review, Adventist Heritage, Adventist Professional, Spectrum: The Journal of the Association of Adventist Forums, Adventist Today, Church Heritage, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review, and the academic journal Journal of Religious History.

### Books

* Christianity and Culture in Colonial Australia: Selected Catholic, Anglican, Wesleyan and Adventist Perspectives, 1981-1900 (Sydney: Fast Books, 1993). PhD dissertation
* The San: A Century of Christian Caring, 1903-2003 (Warburton: Signs Publishing Company, 2003); a centennial history of Sydney Adventist Hospital
# Edward Archibald Hume

Captain Edward Archibald Hume (died 27 August 1915) held the office of Chief Magistrate of colonial Gambia (now called office of the Chief Justice of the Gambia) from 1909 until 1913. After his retirement from colonial service he was selected as the Conservative and Unionist Party candidate in the 1914 general election for the Banffshire constituency. However the election was deferred due to World War I.

## Personal life

He completed his degree at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1900. He married Violet Mary Hope on 30 July 1912.

## Death

He died in active service from a bullet wound in the spine on 27 August 1915 as he fought in the First World War. He was buried at sea.
# Edward Arden

Edward Arden (c. 1542–1583) was an English nobleman and head of the Arden family, who became a Catholic martyr.
Arden lived in Park Hall, Castle Bromwich, an estate near modern-day Birmingham. He was a recusant Catholic and kept a priest, Hugh Hall, at his house disguised as a gardener. Arden's son-in-law, John Somerville, hatched a plan to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I, but was arrested long before he could attempt it. A purge of Arden's household ensued, and Arden, who may not have known of Somerville's plan, was executed and decapitated.
Arden was related to Mary Arden, mother of William Shakespeare.

## Life

He was the head of a Warwick family; his father William died in 1545, and Edward succeeded his grandfather Thomas Arden in 1563. He kept to the old faith and maintained in his home, Park Hall at Castle Bromwich, a priest named Hall, in the disguise of a gardener. This priest influenced John Somerville, Edward Arden's son-in-law, who had had indirect contact with Mary Queen of Scots (she had visited Coventry in 1569).
Somerville talked of shooting the Queen of England, and set out for London. He was arrested, put to the rack, and confessed, implicating his father-in-law in his treason and naming the priest as the instigator. All three were tried and sentenced to death. Somerville strangled himself in his cell (?). Arden was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Smithfield on 20 December 1583, but the priest was spared. Arden's and Somerville's heads were set on London Bridge beside the skull of the Earl of Desmond.
William Camden in his Annals reflected contemporary opinion by saying that Arden's execution was attributable to the malice Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, bore towards him. Somerville was thought insane by Lord Burghley.

## Marriage and issue

Arden married Mary Throckmorton (died 1603), the daughter of Sir Robert Throckmorton and his first wife, Muriel Berkeley, daughter of Thomas (1472–1533), 5th Baron Berkeley, by Eleanor Constable (c. 1485 – 1527), daughter of Sir Marmaduke Constable, by whom he had a son and two daughters:
* Robert Arden.
* Margaret Arden, who married John Somerville, by whom she had two daughters, Elizabeth and Alice.
* Katherine Arden, who married Sir Edward Devereux, of Castle Bromwich, son of Walter Devereux, 1st Viscount Hereford.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Greenblatt, Stephen. Will in the World. New York: Norton, 2004, pp. 157–8.
* ↑ "20 December - Edward Arden, "victim of a grave iniquity" or conspirator?". The Tudor Society. 20 December 2020. Arden, who was related to William Shakespeare's mother, Mary Arden, and married to a member of the Throckmorton family, had been found guilty of treason, after being implicated in Somerville's plot to kill the queen.
* 1 2 "Arden, Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
* 1 2 Wizeman I 2004.
* ↑ Wizeman, William. "Arden, Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/633. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* ↑ Wizeman II 2004.
# Egilona

Egilona (or Egilo) was a Visigothic noblewoman and the last known queen of the Visigoths. She was the wife first of Roderic, the Visigothic king (710–11), and then of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Muslim governor (wālī) of al-Andalus (714–16). Her name is rendered Aylū by Arabic writers, who also give her the kunya Umm ʿAṣim ("mother of ʿAṣim"). She was independently wealthy.

## Biography

Egilona may have been related to Kings Egica and Wittiza. Since the succession of 710 was contested, Roderic may have married Egilona to strengthen his position. Their marriage did not last long, as he died at the Battle of the Guadalete the following year.
The date of Egilona's second marriage is uncertain. She may have married ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz before he became governor, when he was still merely the son of the conquering general, Mūsā bin Nuṣayr, who had overthrown the Visigothic kingdom. There is no reference in the sources to Egilona converting to Islam, and scholars are divided on whether it is likely that she did. Although both Arabic and Latin sources depict Egilona and her second husband as communicating directly, it is not clear whether they could have done so directly, since Egilona would have spoken a vulgar Latin dialect and did not likely have time or reason to learn Arabic quickly. Likewise, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz could have had little reason to learn Latin, although he was criticised for certain foreign (ʿajamī) practices.
Both Christian and Muslims sources make her responsible for the governor's assassination, and there is no reason to doubt the general portrayal of her role. The Christian Chronicle of 754 records that:
    "on the advice of Queen Egilona, wife of the late king Roderic, whom he had joined to himself, [ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz] tried to throw off the Arab yoke from his neck and retain the conquered kingdom of Iberia for himself."
The ninth-century Muslim historian ʿAbd al-Ḥakam, on the other hand, says that he ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was killed because Egilona "had made him a Christian". This seems unlikely, since he took refuge in a mosque and recited from the Koran when attacked. Al-Ḥakam does corroborate the Chronicle of 754's claim that Egilona stoked his royal ambitions, urging him to act so as to attain the respect her first husband had. The Akhbār majmūʿa of 858 even claims that Egilona had a crown made out of her own jewels and forced her husband to wear it on the grounds that "a king without a crown is a king without a kingdom". She also tried to have his men perform acts of obeisance to him in Seville.

## Fiction

Egilona's life and legend have been given dramatic treatment several times in the modern era. In 1760, Cándido María Trigueros published the play La Egilona, viuda del rey don Rodrigo. In 1785, Antontio Valladares de Sotomayor staged a similar play that has been called by the same title, La Egilona, viuda del rey don Rodrigo. In 1788, an anonymous play entitled La Egilona, drama heroica en prosa was put on during the coronation ceremonies of Charles IV. In 1845, the Cuban playwright Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda published a play titled Egilona.
# YM Biosciences

YM BioSciences Inc. was a Canadian drug development company primarily focused on advancing CYT-387, an orally administered inhibitor of both the JAK1 and JAK2 kinases, which have been implicated in a number of hematological and immune cell disorders including myeloproliferative neoplasms and inflammatory diseases as well as certain cancers. YM BioSciences also had several preclinical programs underway with candidates from its library of compounds identified through internal research conducted at YM BioSciences Australia.
The company also advanced other clinical-stage products, including Nimotuzumab, an EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibody, and CYT997, a vascular disrupting agent (VDA).
The company was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange.
YM BioSciences was the first company from any major-market country to enter into a relationship with the Cuban Government for the development of a number of that country's biopharmaceuticals, with first licenses concluding in 1995. In 1994, the company created a joint venture with Centro de Inmunología Molecular (CCIMAB) in Cuba called CIMYM BioSciences. The joint venture developed the Nimotuzumab drug.
In February 2013, Gilead Sciences completed the acquisition of YM Biosciences for US$510 million.

## Nimotuzumab research

YM BioSciences' principal medicine of interest was a monoclonal antibody – Nimotuzumab – targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. YM BioSciences received Orphan Drug Designation from the FDA for Nimotuzumab in 2004 and received a number of single-patient IND clearances starting in 2005. After receiving approval from the Office of Foreign Asset Control in March 200, the first patient was treated at Doernbecher Children's Hospital of Oregon Health and Science University for inoperable, recurrent, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. That approval was extended to unlimited clinical use. In August 2007, YM BioSciences received clearance from the FDA to conduct a Phase II trial. That trial was conducted at seven leading cancer institutes across the United States, including Memorial Sloan-Kettering, M.D. Anderson, Johns Hopkins, University of Florida, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital/University of Colorado and NYU Medical Center.
This was the first IND in history ever cleared by the United States FDA for clinical trials with Cuban-origin biopharmaceuticals and certainly the first Orphan Drug designation.
In 2010, after investing many years of lobbying the United States State Department, and, specifically, as a consequence of the assistance from Senators John Kerry, Christopher Dodd and Richard Lugar, YM was cleared by the Office of Foreign Assets Control to import Nimotuzumab for unlimited clinical development and was cleared by the FDA for Phase II trials in both Non-Small Cell Lung cancer and Brain Metastases from NSCLC.
In Canada, in June 2007, the company received clearance from Health Canada to begin a Phase II trial of nimotuzumab in colorectal cancer patients who had not responded to previous treatments.
# Edward Umfreville

Edward Umfreville (c. 1755 – fl. 1771–1789) was a fur trader, explorer, and writer. He came to Canada in 1771 to work as a writer for the Hudson's Bay Company.

## Background

Umfreville came to York Factory and almost immediately was transferred to Fort Severn. There, he and Andrew Graham designed a comprehensive plan listing long term requirements for the inland posts that the company proposed to establish. While at Fort Severn in 1774, Umfreville assisted Samuel Hearne with the requirements for a proposed post at Cumberland House, Saskatchewan.
In 1775, Umfreville was transferred back to York Factory where he became second in command until 1782 when the fort was captured by the French led by Jean-François de Galaup. The personnel and the staff of the fort were sent back to France as prisoners.
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 freed Umfreville and he arrived in London. Disputes between him and the HBC ended his tenure there and he left for Quebec. By May 1784, he was employed by the North West Company to search for an alternate canoe route from Lake Superior to Lake Winnipeg, since the usual route along the Grand Portage and Pigeon River had come under American control. Travelling up the Nipigon River and then west from Lake Nipigon, Umfreville found an intricate route via the Wabinosh River, Sturgeon Lake, Lac Seul, and the English River to its mouth at the Winnipeg River. Although Umfreville succeeded, the Nor’Westers continued to use the route via the Grand Portage since the Americans were not enforcing their rights under the Treaty of Paris.
In 1784, Umfreville was in Saskatchewan at a fort near Frenchman Butte and, although in the employ of the NWC, advising the HBC to pursue inland forts such as those the Nor’Westers were operating out of Fort Kaministiquia. In 1788 he quit the NWC and tried to re-sign with the Hudson's Bay Company. This was unsuccessful and the publishing of his book, The present state of Hudson’s Bay . . . in 1790 was widely critical of the company. His whereabouts from this point in time are unknown.
The book's ill nature reflected the author's disappointment over not obtaining a command at the HBC but also did provide knowledge of parts of Canada that was lacking at that point in time.

## Works

* Umfreville, Edward (1790). The Present State of Hudson's Bay. ISBN 978-0282550073. OCLC 1050794983.
* Umfreville, Edward (1929) [1784]. Robert, Douglas (ed.). Nipigon to Winnipeg : a canoe voyage through western Ontario. Ottawa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Edward Unton (captain)

Edward Unton (c. 1556 – 1589) was an English landowner and MP.
He was the eldest son of Sir Edward Unton of Wadley House at Faringdon in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) and Anne, the daughter of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and widow of John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick. His younger brother was the diplomat, Sir Henry Unton.
He married firstly Dorothy, daughter of Sir Richard Knightley of Fawsley in Northamptonshire and, secondly, Catherine, the daughter of George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon. He had no children. In 1582 he inherited his father's estate.
In 1583 he travelled in Italy and was arrested by the Inquisition. His brother Henry paid a ransom of 10,000 crowns to secure his return to England, where Edward was obliged to sell part of his inheritance to repay his brother.
In 1584 he was elected knight of the shire for Berkshire and again in 1586.
In 1587 he went as a colonist to Munster but was recalled due to the imminent threat of the Spanish Armada. Afterwards he went as a captain on the Portuguese expedition (the English Armada) led by Sir John Norreys, but returned in bad health to die in 1589. He was succeeded by his brother Henry. His widow married Sir Walter Chetwynd of Ingestre in Staffordshire.
# Xanalys

Xanalys Limited is an independent software company founded in January 2009 when the Analytics and Investigative Management division of Tiburon Inc. was acquired by a group of former Xanalys management and engineering staff based in the UK. Various intellectual property and contracts relating to investigation and analysis software tools were acquired.
Xanalys now markets, develops and supports a range of software tools including PowerCase, Link Explorer and PowerIndexer.

## History

The original versions of the software tools were developed by the UK software company Harlequin. However, at that time Link Explorer was known as Watson, whilst Indexer has been known as PowerIndexer, Quenza and Hievat.
In 1999, Harlequin was acquired by Global Graphics primarily for its PostScript technologies. Global Graphics then spun off the LispWorks and HIntS (Harlequin Intelligence Systems) aspects of the business into the first Xanalys Limited in January 2000.
Xanalys was then acquired by Compudyne Corporation and operated, as part of Tiburon Inc. until January 2009.
# Xanalı

39°44′56″N 46°35′23″E﻿ / ﻿39.74889°N 46.58972°E﻿ / 39.74889; 46.58972
Xanalı (Khanaly) is a village in the Shusha District of Azerbaijan.
# Xanalılar, Lachin

39°33′14″N 46°38′24″E﻿ / ﻿39.55389°N 46.64000°E﻿ / 39.55389; 46.64000
Xanalılar (also, Khanalılar) is a village in the Lachin Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Manown, West Virginia

Manown is an unincorporated community in Preston County, West Virginia, United States.
The community derives its name from the local Manown family.
# Yale Wexler

Yale Richard Wexler (February 6, 1930 – February 12, 1996) was an American actor who became a developer of real estate.

## Early years

Wexler was the son of Simon Wexler, the founder of Allied Radio Corporation, which became the RadioShack electronics retailer. His brothers were filmmaker Haskell Wexler and developer Jerrold Wexler. Wexler himself graduated from Francis Parker School (where he was co-captain of the basketball team) and studied theater at Carnegie Tech.

## Entertainment

Wexler worked in stock theater, including Malden Bridge Playhouse in New York and Pittsburgh Playhouse. His Broadway credits include Tea and Sympathy (1953) and The Best House in Naples (1956). He also worked behind the scenes, producing plays in Chicago. On film, Wexler starred in Stakeout on Dope Street (1958) and appeared in Time Limit (1957). He also had a multi-year tenure as chairman of the Chicago International Film Festival. He acted on television in soap operas and in four episodes of You Are There.

## Property development

In 1974, Wexler left acting after his brother asked him to take charge of remodeling two hotels in Chicago. He went on to become chairman of the Management Group, which operates various properties, including hotels, around the United States.

## Personal life

On December 21, 1960, Wexler married actress Linda Cristal in Chicago. They had two sons, Jordan and Gregory, and divorced in 1967.

## Death

On February 12, 1996, Wexler died at his home in Chicago, Illinois. He was 66.

## Selected Filmography

* Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1959) (Season 5 Episode 5: "No Pain") as Arnold Barrett
# Articulated car

Articulated cars are rail vehicles which consist of a number of cars which are semi-permanently attached to each other and share common Jacobs bogies or axles and/or have car elements without axles suspended by the neighbouring car elements. They are much longer than single passenger cars. Because of the difficulty and cost of separating each car from the next, they are operated as a single unit, often called a trainset.

## Passenger cars

Articulated passenger cars are becoming increasingly common in Europe and the US. The passageways between the car elements are permanently attached. There is a safety benefit claimed that if the train derails, it is less likely to jackknife and modern construction techniques prevent telescoping.
Articulated cars are not, however, a new idea. Many railways in Britain during the first half of the 20th century frequently rebuilt older, shorter cars into articulated sets, and the Great Northern Railway in Britain built suburban car sets new. In the 1930s, a number of streamlined trains built for the London and North Eastern Railway also made use of articulated technology.

## Freight cars

Manufacturers such as Gunderson make articulated, low-floor "well" cars, articulated trailer carriers and articulated autoracks. At 34 m (111 ft 6+9⁄16 in) long, Modalohr is also articulated.

## Advantages and disadvantages

Articulated cars have a number of advantages. They save on the total number of wheels and bogies, reducing initial cost, weight, noise, vibration and maintenance expenses. Further, movement between passenger cars is safer and easier than with traditional designs.
Disadvantages primarily relate to lesser operational flexibility. For example, additional cars cannot readily be added to an articulated trainset to accommodate peaks in traffic volume and a mechanical malfunction in one car or power unit can disable an entire trainset. Furthermore, the axle load is higher compared to conventional train sets due to the reduced number of wheels and bogies.