OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appraisal (discourse analysis)

In Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), appraisal refers to the ways that writers or speakers express approval or disapproval for things, people, behaviour or ideas. Language users build relationships with their interlocutors by expressing such positions. In other approaches in linguistics (including linguistic anthropology, sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics), alternative terms such as evaluation or stance are preferred.
J.R. Martin and P.R.R. White's approach to appraisal regionalised the concept into three interacting domains: 'attitude', 'engagement' and 'graduation'. Each of these has various sub-systems; for example, 'attitude' includes 'affect' (expression of emotion), 'appreciation' (evaluation of things/entities), and 'judgement' (evaluation of people and their behaviour), with different choices within these sub-systems. In the case of 'affect', for instance, these more delicate choices relate to different types of emotion. However, there is debate about the different sub-systems that should be recognised, and various researchers have since suggested modifications of the initial description.
The analysis of appraisal has also become influential outside Systemic Functional Linguistics, in various types of discourse analysis.
# GNP Sports F.C.

GNP Sports is a football club based in Coventry, West Midlands, England. They are currently members of the Coventry Alliance League Division Four and play at Sphinx Drive, groundsharing with Coventry Sphinx.

## History

The club was founded in 1983 as Longford after the area of Coventry that the founders were based in. Two years later, the club changed their name to GNP Sports, after the Guru Nanak Prakash Gurdwara in the city. In the 1997–98 season, the club joined the Midland Football Combination Division Three, winning promotion at the first attempt into Division Two. In 2000, the club withdrew from the league due to a lack of players. In 2017–18, GNP Sports joined the Midland League from the Coventry Alliance League. The club won promotion from Division Three at the end of the season alongside a league cup win. The club won another promotion the following year from Division Two along with a League Cup Win. GNP Sports entered the FA Vase for the first time in 2018–19.
Multiple posts in the NonLeagueMatters forum indicated that GNP Sports dropped back to the Coventry Alliance League from the Midland League before the 2021–22 season for unspecified reasons.

## Ground

The club currently groundshare with Coventry Sphinx at Sphinx Drive, having previously played at the University of Warwick. Sphinx Drive, the name of which was adopted in 1995. In the mid-1990s a new stand was built and opened with a friendly match between Coventry Sphinx and Coventry City team. The record attendance at Sphinx Drive was when Hereford F.C. came to Sphinx Drive with 935 watching the Bulls play Sphinx.

## Honours

* Midland League
** Division Three champions 2012–13, 2017–18

## Records

* Best FA Vase performance: Second qualifying round, 2019–20
# Xialou Village

Xialou Village (simplified Chinese: 下楼村; traditional Chinese: 下樓村; pinyin: Xiàlóu Cūn) is an administrative village under the jurisdiction of the town of Huotian [zh], Yunxiao County, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southern part of Huotian. The main surname in the town is "Wu". Xialou spans an area of 2,739.35 acres, and is home to about 1,500 people. The village's postal code is 363302, and cars in the village have a registration plate of "Min E" .

## History

Human activity in the area can be traced back 10,000 years. Prior to its conquest, the area belonged to the Minyue. The area was incorporated in the Qin dynasty as part of Minzhong Commandery.
In 592 CE, the area was reorganized as Longxi County. Soon, Longxi County was revoked, and the area was incorporated into Nan'an County, which was also revoked shortly after. It was not until the middle of Tang dynasty, in 686 CE, that the area of Zhangzhou was re-organized as its own administrative unit, as part of Jianzhou. The area was re-organized in 700 CE, 716 CE, and 786 CE.
In 886 CE, brothers Wang Chao and Wang Xu incited a peasant rebellion in Quanzhou and briefly occupied the territory.
After the collapse of the Tang dynasty, Wang Shenzhi took over, and ruled the area as part of the Min Kingdom, up until 947 CE.
Afterwards, the area was incorporated as part of the Song dynasty, then the Yuan dynasty, and later as part of the Ming dynasty.
In 1734, the area was merged into Tingzhou Prefecture.
In 1913, the Republican government created Yunxiao County as part of a broad reorganizing which created Tingzhang Circuit [zh].
In 1933, the area was reorganized as Longting Province [zh].
The area was taken by the People's Liberation Army on September 26, 1949, with communist forces reorganizing the area. The area was reorganized again in 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, and in February 1958.
In August 1958, previous divisions of the area were overhauled, and the area was re-organized as communes.
In November 1984, the commune system was abolished, and the area was re-organized. This change created the then-township of Huotian, which was re-designated in 1992.

## Geography

The area of the village is about 2739.35 mu, and the forest coverage is 65%, the cultivated land is 674.84 mu, and the forest land is 276.56 mu. The village is largely hilly.
The Zhang River [zh], formerly known as the Yunxiao River, runs through the village.

## Demographics

Xialou Village has a population about 1,500 people, which is mainly Han in ethnicity. There village is home to about 500 households. The Minnan Dialect is spoken in the village.

## Economy

The local economy is largely dependent on agriculture. The main crops of the village are jujubes and longans. The average monthly income of the town's farmers is approximately 5,000 Yuan.
# Gonzalo Boye

Gonzalo Boye Tuset (born 3 April 1965) is a lawyer based in Spain, known for being convicted in connection with a kidnapping by Basque separatist group ETA in 1996, and for attempting to charge members of the George W. Bush administration officials for war crimes committed against Spanish citizens. In recent years, he has often been in the media spotlight as lawyer of former Catalan President Carles Puigdemont, who he successfully defended against extradition from several EU countries to Spain.

## Biography

Boye was born in Viña del Mar (Chile) on 3 April 1965. His father developed anti-pinochetista stances while his mother (of Catalan descent) turned to support Pinochet instead. Boye has dual German and Chilean citizenship. He took his basic education at The Mackay School, an elite school in Valparaíso.
He lived for a while in Heidelberg (Germany), where he studied Economics and Political Science, failing to graduate. He reportedly moved to Spain by the late 1980s.
Allegedly a member of the Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR), Boye was detained in 1992 by the Policía Nacional, accused of participating in the kidnappings of Diego Prado y Colón de Carvajal in 1983 and Emiliano Revilla in 1988. He was cleared from the first kidnapping.
In 1996 the Audiencia Nacional sentenced Boye to 14 years in prison for collaborating with Basque separatist group ETA, after the Court considered proven that Boye played a key role in the kidnapping of the businessman Revilla, that lasted for eight months. The victim was released after a large ransom payment.
Boye began to study law while he was convicted, earning a licentiate degree in Law from the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) in 2002, the year in which he was released.
Many nations allow war crime charges to be laid against non-citizens, and non-residents, when the countries where they lived when the war crimes were committed has failed to initiate an effective inquiry. Spain has a tradition of being more aggressive than other nations, famously trying to extradite Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet from Britain. In 2009 Boye tried to initiate extradition of six former officials from the Presidency of George W. Bush.
Boye was one of four individuals profiled in the award-winning documentary The Guantanamo trap. The movie challenges whether Boye was fairly convicted for the kidnapping. According to Deutsche Welle Boye was "a victim of police torture himself". However, Boye was convicted and sentenced to 14 years imprisonment. After 6 years in prison he was set free.
Boye has been the lawyer for Pablo González Yagüe, a Russian-Spanish journalist arrested by the Polish authorities in February 2022 as a Russian agent and held without trial until a multinational exchange of prisoners with Russia in August 2024.
# Stairway to Heaven (Pure Soul song)

"Stairway to Heaven" is an R&B single by Pure Soul. It was the final single from their debut album. A radio-remix of the single was serviced to radio featuring The O'Jays, who originally recorded the song on their Family Reunion album in 1975.

## Charts

| Chart (1996) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 79 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot R&B Singles | 18 |
# Spectrum 7

Spectrum 7 was an oil company started by William DeWitt and Mercer Reynolds.
In 1984, Spectrum 7 merged with George W. Bush's Arbusto Energy. After the merger, Bush became the Chairman and CEO of Spectrum 7.
According to George Soros, Bush's presence at Spectrum 7 made the failing company more attractive than it would otherwise have been.
# Levan Berianidze

Levan Berianidze (Georgian: ლევან ბერიანიძე; born 10 October 1990 in Tbilisi) is a Georgian-Armenian male freestyle wrestler. He won a bronze medal for Georgia at the 2010 World Wrestling Championships in Moscow. In 2011 he won the gold medal in Beach Wrestling. On 26 November 2014, Berianidze was given Armenian citizenship and freed from service in the Armenian army. Berianidze competed for Armenia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. He won a bronze medal for Armenia at the 2017 World Wrestling Championships in Paris and in European Wrestling Championship in Serbia. Besides, Levan won the European Sumo Championship in 2013 in Germany and got a silver medal at the 2014 European Sumo Championship in Bulgaria.
# Leila Rodríguez Stahl

Leila Rodríguez Stahl (born March 30, 1942 San José, Costa Rica) is a Costa Rican politician, painter, sculptor and beauty pageant titleholder who winner of the Miss Costa Rica 1960 and then represented Costa Rica at Miss Universe 1960. She served as the First Lady of Costa Rica from 2002 until 2006 during the presidency of her husband, Abel Pacheco.

## Biography

Rodriguez was born to Yurán Rodríguez Rodríguez and Leila Stahl Navarro in San José, Costa Rica on March 30, 1942. She is the third of her parents four children. Rodriguez attended primary school at Escuela Vitalia Madrigal. She initially enrolled at Colegio Superior de Señoritas for secondary school, but later transferred to Colegio Sagrado Corazón de Jesús in San José. She then attended Escuela Boston and the American Business Academy. Rodriguez also studied art and painting at a school in Chicago, Illinois, where she lived for five years.
Rodríguez married Abel Pacheco, the future President of Costa Rica, on November 20, 1975. Rodríguez and Pacheco had one son, Fabian. Abel Pacheco also had five children from his first marriage: Abel, Elsa, Yolanda, Sergio and Valeria.
She held at least four major art exhibitions during the 1990s, including two at the Club Unión in 1991 and 1995, the Galería Valanti in 1993, and an exhibition called III Encuentro de Primeras Damas de América y el Caribe in 1993. A restropective of her work, Paisajes y bodegones, featuring landscape paintings and still lifes, opened at the Cultural Center of Chile in Los Yoses, Costa Rica, on October 25, 2002.
Rodríguez served as First Lady of Costa Rica from 2002 to 2006. Under Rodríguez, the Office of First Lady promoted Costa Rican history and national identity by focusing on three areas: culture, beautification and the arts, and the environment. The focus of her program, which was extended nationwide, varied depending on the local culture and history of the individual cantons. Her office also coordinated other programs, including an eye clinic and construction of a school for children with neurological disabilities, and supported four foundations: Mundo Solidario, Mundo de Opportunidades, Mundo de Luz, and Cadena Mayor. The Office of First Lady receives no national funding from the government of Costa Rica. In response, Rodríguez solicited private donations to fund her programs and hired some of the office's 60 person staff pro bono.
# Ferenc Róth

Ferenc Róth (born 24 December 1978) is a retired Hungarian football player.
# Tağıbəyli

40°10′24″N 47°00′15″E﻿ / ﻿40.17333°N 47.00417°E﻿ / 40.17333; 47.00417
Tağıbəyli (also, Tagibeyli) is a village in the Agdam Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# E75

E75 or E-75 may refer to:

## Arts and Entertainment

* King's Indian Defense, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code

## Military

* E-75 Standardpanzer, a German World War II tank version in the Entwicklung series

## Science and Technology

* Nokia E75, a mobile phone
* WHO classification of a Lysosomal storage disease
* E75, one of the Common ethanol fuel mixtures
* The peptide component of the NeuVax cancer vaccine

## Transportation

* European route E75, a road
* Higashihiroshima-Kure Expressway, route E75 in Japan
* The E175, a member of the Embraer E-Jet family
# Hockey in Scotland

Hockey in Scotland may refer to:

## Field hockey

* Scottish Hockey Union
* Scottish Hockey National Leagues
* Scotland men's national field hockey team
* Scotland women's national field hockey team

## Ice hockey

* Ice hockey in Scotland
* Scottish Ice Hockey
# Herodotia haitiensis

Herodotia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family.

## Species

There is only one known species, Herodotia haitiensis, found only in Haiti.

## formerly included

now in other genera: Ekmaniopappus, Nesampelos
* Herodotia alainii J.Jiménez Alm. - Nesampelos alainii (J.Jiménez Alm.) B.Nord.
* Herodotia mikanioides Urb. & Ekman - Ekmaniopappus mikanioides (Urb. & Ekman) Borhidi
# Freshwater-2 RNA motif

The freshwater-2 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. Freshwater-2 motif RNAs are found in metagenomic sequences that are isolated from aquatic and especially freshwater environments. As of 2018, no freshwater-2 RNA has been identified in a classified organism.
Freshwater-2 RNAs are consistently located upstream of genes that encode a conserved protein domain. However, this conserved domain is not present in current databases of protein domains. In view of their positions upstream of these protein-coding gene], freshwater-2 motif RNAs might function as cis-regulatory elements. However, another possibility is that they are part of a prophage, as phages often contain large transcripts made up of multiple genes encoded in the same DNA strand. Freshwater-2 RNAs observed as of 2018 are present in short contig sequences, which do not allow further investigation of whether they are part of a large cluster of genes in the same orientation (which would tend to suggest that they are phage small RNAs), or not (which would tend to suggest that they are cis regulatory.
# Lehavot

Lehavot, a Hebrew word meaning flames, may refer to the following places in Israel:
* Lehavot HaBashan
* Lehavot Haviva
# Liam Higgins (Irish footballer)

Liam Higgins (1945–2006) was an Irish sportsperson. He played Gaelic football with his local club Lispole and was a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team from 1969 until 1973.

## Management

After retiring he managed Lispole, West Kerry, he managed the Kerry junior team to Munster and All Ireland Championships in 1983. He also trained Dingle CBS to Two All Ireland Championships in 1996 and 2001. During his school days he trained some of the biggest names in Gaelic football including Darragh, Tomás & Marc Ó Sé, Dara Ó Cinnéide, Tommy Griffin & Diarmuid Murphy to name just a few.

## Personal life

He is a brother of former Socialist Party TD and former MEP for the Dublin constituency Joe Higgins. He taught Business Studies and Accounting in Dingle CBS.
# Rockingham High School

Rockingham High School may refer to:
* East Rockingham High School in Elkton, Virginia
* Rockingham County High School in Reidsville, North Carolina
* Rockingham Senior High School in Rockingham, Western Australia
# Fernando O. Assunção

Fernando Octavio Assunção Formica (12 January 1931 in Montevideo – 3 May 2006 in São Paulo) was a Uruguayan historian, anthropologist, scholar, historian, and writer.
He specialized in social anthropology, writing works about Uruguayan folklore and the Gaucho.

## Works

* Génesis del tipo gaucho en el Río de la Plata (1957).
* Usos y costumbres del gaucho.
* Romancero oriental.
* El mate (Bolsilibros Arca, 1967).
* Pilchas criollas (1976, reeditado por Emecé en 1997). ISBN 950-04-1121-0.
* Artigas, Inauguración de su Mausoleo y Glosario de Homenajes (en colaboración con Wilfredo Pérez).
* El perro cimarrón.
* Tradición, factor de integración cultural del individuo en la comunidad.
* De Uruguay, América y el Mundo.
* "Cuadernos del Boston", serie sobre los barrios de Montevideo, 1990–1993, en colaboración con Iris Bombet Franco:
** 1. La Ciudad Vieja,
** 2. La Aguada,
** 3. La Unión,
** 4. Pocitos,
** 5. 18 de Julio,
** 6. Colón.
* Uruguay, lo mejor de lo nuestro (con fotografías de Julio Testoni).
* El tango y sus circunstancias (El Ateneo, Buenos Aires).
* Colonia del Sacramento, Patrimonio Mundial (coautoría con Antonio Cravotto, prólogo de Federico Mayor Zaragoza, introducción de Marta Canessa de Sanguinetti; Ediciones UNESCO, Montevideo, 1996).
* Epopeya y tragedia de Manuel de Lobo. Biografía del fundador de Colonia del Sacramento (1635–1683) (Linardi y Risso, 2003).
* Historia del gaucho (Claridad, 2006). ISBN 978-950-620-205-7.
* El caballo criollo (Emecé, Buenos Aires, 2008).
* Bailes criollos rioplatenses (con Olga Fernández Latour de Botas y Beatriz Durante, Claridad, 2012)
# San Gaetano

San Gaetano may refer to:
* Saint Cajetan, Italian Catholic priest and religious reformer, co-founder of the Theatine
* San Gaetano, Brescia, church in Brescia, Italy
* San Gaetano, Florence, Baroque church in Florence, Italy
* San Gaetano, Padua, church in Padua, Italy
* San Gaetano, Vicenza, church in Padua, Italy
* San Gaetano alle Grotte, Catania, church in Vicenza, Italy
* San Gaetano alla Marina, Catania, Roman Catholic parish church in Catania, Italy
* San Gaetano di Thiene, Siena, church in Siena, Italy
# E77 balloon bomb

The E77 balloon bomb was a U.S. anti-crop biological munition based on the design of Japanese Fu-Go balloon bomb. The E77 used feathers as a vector to disseminate anti-crop agents from a hydrogen-filled balloon and was first developed in 1950.

## Background

In the late stages of World War II, Japan employed thousands of incendiary and antipersonnel weapons via unmanned balloon, using some 9,300 of these devices, releasing them into the high altitude jet stream to travel over the Pacific Ocean to the North American mainland. The Japanese use of these balloon munitions inspired the E77, though no direct connection was made between the two.

## History

Development of the E77 balloon bomb began in 1950. The design of the E77 was based on the design for the World War II Japanese bomb and approved by the Army's Chemical Corps Technical Committee in April 1951. At time of its development the E77 represented one-sixth of all U.S. biological munitions efforts. The E77 was designated a "strategic weapon" and readied for deployment but was never used in warfare as subsequent developments in munitions supplanted the E77, especially the 750-pound E86 cluster bomb.

## Specifications

Similar to the Japanese fire balloon on which its design is based, the E77 utilized a hydrogen-filled balloon. Suspended from the balloon envelope was a 32 inch by 24 inch balloon gondola. The E77 was an anti-crop munition, designed to disseminate anti-crop agents, such as wheat stem rust. The balloon bomb employed a dissemination method similar to that of the M115 anti-crop bomb, or "feather bomb". This dissemination method combined a culture of anti-crop agent with a light-weight vector, in this case, feathers.

## Tests involving the E77

At least three separate sets of tests were conducted with the E77 balloon bomb. From October to December 1954 41 E77s were launched at Vernalis, California, which demonstrated that the munition met "military characteristics" to create high levels of plant infection on targeted crops. Further testing in 1958 showed that when cereal rust spores were delivered via an oil-based vector (wet spores) that they remained viable for longer periods in less than ideal environmental conditions. Subsequent investigations at Fort Detrick and the University of Minnesota came to several positive conclusions about the effectiveness of oils as carriers of the rust spores.
# Herodotia

Heredotia may refer to:
* Herodotia (wasp) – Herodotia Girault, 1931 – a genus of fig wasps
* Herodotia (plant) – Herodotia Urb. & Ekman [1826] – a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae
# Freshwater (disambiguation)

Freshwater is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
Freshwater or Fresh Water may also refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Freshwater, New South Wales
* Freshwater, Queensland
** Freshwater railway station, Queensland
* Freshwater National Park, a national park in Queensland

### Canada

* Freshwater, Bell Island, Newfoundland and Labrador
* Freshwater, Conception Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
* Freshwater, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador

### United Kingdom

* Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England
** Freshwater railway station
* Freshwater East and Freshwater West, Wales

### United States

* Freshwater, California
* Freshwater, Virginia

## People

* Benzion Freshwater (born 1948), British property investor
* John Freshwater (born 1956), controversial Ohio science teacher
* Perry Freshwater (born 1973), English rugby player

## Arts and entertainment

* Freshwater (film), a 2016 American thriller film
* Fresh Water (film), a 2021 Canadian documentary film
* Freshwater (opera), by Andy Vores, 1994
* Freshwater (play), by Virginia Woolf, 1935
* Fresh Water (album), by Alison MacCallum, 1972
* Freshwater High, a fictional school in TV series Fish Hooks
* Freshwater (novel), by Akwaeke Emezi

## Other uses

* Freshwater tribe, or Agua Dulce people, a Timucua people of northeastern Florida
* Freshwater people, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
* Saltwater and freshwater economics
* LB&SCR A1X Class W8 Freshwater, a steam locomotive on the Isle of Wight Steam Railway
* Freshwater-class ferry, an Australian ferry