OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank Simon Hofmann

František Simon Hofmann (27 December 1916 in Prague, Austria-Hungary – 13 April 1989 in Auckland, New Zealand), widely known as Frank Simon Hofmann was a Czech photographer who was recognised for his art in both Europe and New Zealand.

## Biography

Hofmann was born in Prague, the son of a prosperous Jewish businessman. He was givern his first camera by his mother at 13 to use on a trip to Venice, and at 16 joined the Prague Photographic Society.
In 1940, Hofmann fled to England to escape persecution during the Nazi German occupation of Prague. He arrived in New Zealand in 1940, first joining cousins in Christchurch, where he began working as a freelance photographer. He moved around the country searching for more permanent employment; first to Wellington, followed by Napier and eventually to Auckland.
In Auckland, Hofmann became deeply involved in Auckland's cultural scene: friends with artist Dennis Knight Turner, writer Frank Sargeson, violinist Maurice Clare, and architect Vernon Brown. Hofmann began working with Clifton Firth, and became a foundation member of the Auckland String Players (later who developed into the Symphonia of Auckland), where he played violin and later served as the management chairman).
In 1947, Hofmann joined Colonial Portraits as their manager of photographic production. There he met Bill Doherty, with whom he established Christopher Bede Studios, a commercial photography studio, in the early 1950s.
Hofmann's first solo show didn't come until 1959, an exhibition at the Photographic Society of New Zealand's Tauranga convention. There was a revival of interest in Hofmann and his work in the late 1980s as a retro icon of New Zealand modernist taste. A 1987 retrospective was mounted at Auckland's Aberhart North Gallery. In 1989 his work featured in a nationally touring show mounted by what was then the National Art Gallery, Object & Style: Photographs from Four Decades 1930s–1960s, and again in 1992 in the Auckland Art Gallery's The 1950s Show.
Hofmann died in Auckland on 13 April 1989.

## Personal life

Hofmann married editor and poet Helen Lilian Shaw in Auckland on 24 December 1941. Together they had two sons.

## Photography

During his time at the Prague Photographic Society, he acquired a knack of both Romantic Pictorialism and modernist New Objectivity. Hofmann is widely seen as one of the leading figures of New Photography, which influenced the contemporary photography movement in New Zealand. His photographs were typically of urban landscapes.
# Danyal Balagopal Abdullah

Danyal Balagopal bin Abdullah (b.1950) is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Port Dickson from May 2018 to September 2018.
On 12 September 2018, Danyal Balagopal Abdullah resigned as MP for Port Dickson, in order to pave away for former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim return to Parliament, however his decision caught under fire, accused him betray the Voters in Port Dickson, He defended his decision for resignation.

## Election results

Parliament of Malaysia :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2018 | P132 Port Dickson | | Danyal Balagopal Abdullah (PKR) | 36,225 | 59.06% | | Mohan Velayatham (MIC) | 18,515 | 30.19% | 62,548 | 17,710 | 83.16% |
| 2018 | P132 Port Dickson | | Danyal Balagopal Abdullah (PKR) | 36,225 | 59.06% | | Mahfuz Roslan (PAS) | 6,594 | 10.75% | 62,548 | 17,710 | 83.16% |

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (JSM) (2003)
* Perak :
** Knight Commander of the Order of Taming Sari (DPTS) – Dato' Pahlawan (2004)
# Hugo Gressmann

Hugo Gressmann (21 March 1877 – 6 April 1927) was a prominent Old Testament scholar in Protestant Germany and a friend and associate of the eminent scholar Hermann Gunkel. He was a member of the history of religions school.

## Early life

He was born on 21 March 1877 in Mölln, in the Province of Schleswig-Holstein.

## Gattungsgeschichte method

Gressmann carried over the work of Gunkel in which he used the Gattungsgeschichte method of Biblical study (otherwise known as Form Criticism) and applied it to the books of Exodus, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel and 1 & 2 Kings, in the Old Testament.
He took a traditio-historical approach in examining these passages, aiming to examine individual units so as to glean from them their original setting and purpose.

## Conflict with the ideas of Wellhausen

Gressmann was significant in that he disagreed with the ideas of Julius Wellhausen, another eminent Biblical scholar, on the dates of the Decalogue (more commonly known as the Ten Commandments). Whereas Wellhausen placed the date at a relatively late stage in the history of Israel, Gressmann argued that, as they bore no evidence of having been influenced by Canaan, they must have been composed at a far earlier stage in Israel's history. Furthermore, he argued that they were older than the Prophets.

## Death

Gressmann died on 6 April 1927 in Chicago.
# Kovačić (disambiguation)

Kovačić is a South Slavic surname.
Kovačić (Cyrillic: Ковачић) may also refer to:
* Kovačić, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a village in the municipality of Livno
* Kovačić, Croatia, a village in the city of Knin
# Margaret Hickey

Margaret Hickey may refer to:
* Maggie Hickey (born 1946), Australian politician
* Margaret A. Hickey (1902–1994), American attorney, journalist and women's rights activist
* Margaret Hickey (potter) (ca. 1865-1932), companion and housekeeper of Mary Louise McLaughlin
# Singin' Spurs

Singin' Spurs is a 1948 American Western musical film directed by Ray Nazarro and written by Barry Shipman. The film stars Kirby Grant, Patricia Barry, Lee Patrick, Jay Silverheels, Dick Elliott and William Wilkerson. The film was released on September 23, 1948, by Columbia Pictures.

## Cast

* Kirby Grant as Jeff Carter
* Patricia Barry as Joan Dennis
* Lee Patrick as Clarissa Bloomsbury
* Jay Silverheels as Abel
* Dick Elliott as Mr. Miggs
* William Wilkerson as Chief Wolfpack
* Fred F. Sears as Mr. Hanson
* Chester Clute as Mr. Totter
* Paul Trietsch as Hezzie
* Ken Trietsch as Ken
* Gil Taylor as Gil
* Charles Ward as Gabe
* Marion Colby as Singer
* Red Egner as Singer
* Billy Hill as Singer
# Xenophora japonica

Xenophora japonica is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Xenophoridae, the carrier shells.
# Alternaria panax

Alternaria panax is a fungal plant pathogen, which causes Alternaria blight of ginseng.
# Humpback waspfish

The humpback waspfish, (Cheroscorpaena tridactyla), is a species of wasp scorpionfish found only in the Gulf of Papua where it is an inhabitant of coral reefs. This species grows to a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.
# Kovačići, Zenica

Kovačići is a village in the City of Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 228.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 227 | 99.6% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.4% |
| Total | 228 | 100% |
# H. G. Jones

Houston Gwynne Jones (1924–2018) was an American archivist and administrator in North Carolina. He served as director of the State Archives of North Carolina, and then as a curator and historian at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Jones was also active in the archives and history professions, serving as the 24th President of the Society of American Archivists.
During World War II, Jones served as a sonar operator in the United States Navy. After the war, he completed his undergraduate degree at Appalachian State University before getting his M.A. from George Peabody College and his Ph.D. from Duke University.
Jones was born on January 7, 1924, in Caswell County, North Carolina, and died on October 14, 2018, in Pittsboro, North Carolina.
# Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay

The women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 2010 Asian Games was held at the Aoti Main Stadium, Guangzhou, China on 26 November.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Friday, 26 November 2010 | 19:20 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Soviet Union | 3:15.17 | Seoul, South Korea | 1 October 1988 |
| Asian Record | China | 3:24.28 | Beijing, China | 13 September 1993 |
| Games Record | China | 3:29.11 | Hiroshima, Japan | 16 October 1994 |

## Results

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| | India (IND) Manjeet Kaur Sini Jose Ashwini Akkunji Mandeep Kaur | 3:29.02 | GR |
| | Kazakhstan (KAZ) Marina Maslyonko Viktoriya Yalovtseva Margarita Matsko Olga Tereshkova | 3:30.03 | |
| | China (CHN) Zheng Zhihui Tang Xiaoyin Chen Lin Chen Jingwen | 3:30.89 | |
| 4 | Japan (JPN) Sayaka Aoki Asami Chiba Satomi Kubokura Chisato Tanaka | 3:31.81 | |
| 5 | Iraq (IRQ) Dana Hussein Inam Khazaal Alaa Hikmat Gulustan Mahmood | 3:45.44 | |
| 6 | Myanmar (MYA) Lai Lai Win Aye Aye Than Yin Yin Khine Kay Khine Lwin | 3:55.24 | |
# Germán Sánchez (racing driver)

Germán Sánchez Flor (born 4 July 1989 in Alicante) is a Spanish racing driver that competed in Formula Three and Two.

## Career
### Formula Three

Sánchez made his car racing debut aged just sixteen, when he took part in the 2006 Spanish Formula Three Championship. Driving a Dallara F300 for Escuela Profiltek, Sánchez was also eligible for the secondary Copa de España as he was driving an older car than most other competitors. Sánchez won the Copa de España, winning seven of the fifteen races, with three other podium finishes. He also amassed seventeen points towards the main championship, and finished 13th overall. For the 2007 season, he moved to Campos Racing and the main championship. Sánchez finished fourth in the championship, scoring two wins at Albacete and Jerez, and scored two third-place finishes at Jerez and Barcelona.
Sánchez continued with Campos into the 2008 season. He won again at Albacete, and also won one of the first races to be held at the Valencia Street Circuit, in order for the circuit to acquire the licence that was required to host the European Grand Prix a month later. Further wins at Magny-Cours and the Circuit de Valencia helped him to edge out Nelson Panciatici for the title, despite a non-scoring finale in Barcelona.

### Formula Two

2009 saw Sánchez move up to the FIA Formula Two Championship, driving car number 27. Despite missing the races in Barcelona, he finished 24th in the championship, with a pair of eighths at Imola.

## Racing record
### Career summary

| Season | Series | Team | Races | Wins | Poles | F/Laps | Podiums | Points | Position |
| 2006 | Spanish Formula Three Championship | Escuela Profiltek-Circuit | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 13th |
| 2006 | Spanish Formula Three Copa de España | Escuela Profiltek-Circuit | 15 | 7 | 3 | ? | 10 | 107 | 1st |
| 2007 | Spanish Formula Three Championship | Campos Racing | 16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 76 | 4th |
| 2008 | Spanish Formula Three Championship | Campos Racing | 17 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 88 | 1st |
| 2009 | FIA Formula Two Championship | MotorSport Vision | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 24th |

### Complete FIA Formula Two Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | DC | Points |
| 2009 | VAL 1 14 | VAL 2 11 | BRN 1 16 | BRN 2 Ret | SPA 1 12 | SPA 2 Ret | BRH 1 17 | BRH 2 Ret | DON 1 12 | DON 2 11 | OSC 1 Ret | OSC 2 16 | IMO 1 8 | IMO 2 8 | CAT 1 DNS | CAT 2 DNS | 24th | 2 |
# Friedrich Brauner

Friedrich Brauner (1889 – March 23, 1942) was an Austrian fitter and resistance fighter against the German Nazi Reich. He was deported to the concentration camp Ravensbrück and then murdered at the Bernburg Euthanasia Centre.

## Life and work

Brauner was born in Vienna. At work he instigated his colleagues to disobey the orders for air-raid protection and to extort benefits for heavy labour through a strike. He also claimed that World War II was caused ″by the fault of the Germans″. Therefore, in January 1940 he was arrested with the accusation of ″subversive activities″ against the German Reich, interrogated by Gestapo and finally deported to the KZ Ravensbrück. In 1942 Friedrich Brauner was murdered by the Nazis in the so-called Sonderbehandlung program Action 14f13 at Bernburg Euthanasia Centre.

## Sources

* Erkennungsdienstliche Kartei der Gestapo Wien (Gestapo records), scientifically processed by the Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance, with photographs, retrieved February 21, 2015
* Wolfgang Neugebauer: Der österreichische Widerstand 1938-1945, Vienna: Edition Steinbauer 2008, 109
# Manakamana, Sankhuwasabha

Manakamana is a village development committee in Sankhuwasabha District in the Kosi Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 9029 people living in 1830 individual households.
# World Taiwanese Congress

The World Taiwanese Congress (Chinese: 世界台灣人大會) is an annual meeting for organizations promoting formal Taiwanese independence. The organization was formed in the United States in December 2000. It holds its annual meeting in Taiwan.

## History

In September 2000, the "National Taiwanese Stand Up Movement" (Say Yes to Taiwan) was established in Taiwan. In December 2000, the Global Taiwanese Association jointly established the World Taiwanese Congress in Washington, D.C., the purpose of which is:
* Carry forward the spirit of Taiwan and unite the strength of Taiwanese around the world
* Safeguard Taiwan's sovereignty, independence and national security
* Promote people-to-people diplomacy to enhance Taiwan's international status
* Promote Taiwan's accession to the United Nations and other international organizations.
From March 17 to 18, 2001, the first meeting of the World Taiwanese Congress was held in Taipei. President Chen Shui-bian delivered a speech in person. On March 18, 2001, the World Taiwanese Congress and the National Taiwanese Stand Up Movement jointly held a "Love Taiwan, Love Unity" parade.

## Taiwanese domestic members

* Friends of Lee Teng-hui Association (台灣李登輝之友會總會)
* Hand-in-Hand To Safeguard TAIWAN Alliance (手護台灣大聯盟)
* World United Formosans for Independence (WUFI) (台灣獨立建國聯盟)
* The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
* Taiwan Association of University Professors (台灣教授協會)
* Union of Taiwanese Teachers (台灣教師聯盟)
* n/a (台北水噹噹姊妹聯盟)
* n/a (台灣21世紀婦女會)
* The Taiwan United Nations Alliance (台灣聯合國協進會)
* National Alpine Association of Taiwan (台灣國家山岳協會)
* n/a (玉蘭花聯誼會)
* Goa-Seng-Lang Association For Taiwan Independence (「外省人」台灣獨立促進會)
* n/a (台灣228關懷總會)
* n/a (台灣獨立安全基督徒促進會)
* Foundation of Medical Professionals Alliance in Taiwan (台灣醫界聯盟基金會)
* Northern Taiwan Society (台灣北社)
* Central Taiwan Society (台灣中社)
* Eastern Taiwan Society (台灣東社)
* Southern Taiwan Society (台灣南社)
* n/a (台灣228和平促進會)
* n/a (台灣建築行業職業工會全國聯合總工會)
* n/a (台灣的店有限公司)
* Taiwan New Culture Mountain Association (台灣新文化登山會)
* n/a (台北市扁擔會)
* n/a (台灣愛台愛鄉總會)
* Research Association of National Peace-Security in Taiwan (台灣國家和平安全研究協會)
* n/a (台灣人捍衛隊)
* n/a (台灣安全促進會)
* n/a (高雄打狗協會)
* Taiwan New Century Foundation (台灣新世紀文教基金會)
* n/a (鄭順娘文教公益基金會)
* Original Culture Society (原貌文化協會)

## Overseas member organizations

* World Taiwanese Congress (世界台灣人大會)
* World Federation of Taiwanese Associations (世界台灣同鄉會聯合會)
* Formosan Association for Public Affairs (FAPA) (台灣人公共事務協會)
* Taiwanese Association of America 全美台灣同鄉會)
* n/a (南美台灣人協會)
* Formosan Association for Human Rights (FAHR) (全美台灣人權協會)
* North America Taiwanese Women's Association (北美洲台灣婦女會)
* Professor Chen Wen-chen's Memorial Foundation (陳文成教授紀念基金會)
* Dr. Wang Kang-Lu Memorial Foundation (王康陸博士紀念基金會)
# Xenophora mekranensis

Xenophora mekranensis is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Xenophoridae, the carrier shells.
# Strand Palace Hotel

The Strand Palace Hotel is a large hotel on the north side of the Strand, London, England, positioned close to Covent Garden, Aldwych, Trafalgar Square and the River Thames.

## History

The hotel was built after Exeter Hall was demolished in 1907. It opened in 1909 and was refurbished in the Art Deco style during the 1930s, but has now been modernised with the latest refurbishment in 2019.
Strand Hotel Limited was incorporated on 31 October 1907, with some 4,000 shareholders. Created by the Salmon and Gluckstein families, it was established to fund the building of the Strand Palace Hotel. J. Lyons & Co. acquired shares in this enterprise in 1922, and also bought the adjoining Haxells family hotel in order to expand and improve the Strand Hotel. At that time, a single room with breakfast would have set you back five shillings and six pence – just 27½p in today’s money.
After extensive redevelopment, the hotel became an art deco showcase, and re-opened in 1928, with 980 bedrooms. The rear of the property was occupied by the Winter Garden Restaurant, which had a large domed ceiling and could seat over 500 guests, who were served by over one hundred staff.
In February 1946, Neville Heath was found by staff members in a room standing over the body of Pauline Brees, an incident occurring during Heath's murder career.
After the war, the hotel made several improvements. Private bathrooms were installed in all guest rooms in 1958; this reduced the overall number of rooms at the hotel to 788. The new bathroom facilities meant that oil-fired boilers had to be installed.
In 1968, the front hall and ground floor restaurants, including the Winter Garden, were redesigned, and the first computerised billing system in London was installed. The revolving doors and other parts of the foyer designed by Oliver Bernard were removed in this redesign, but were of such fine quality and historic interest that the curators at the Victoria and Albert Museum requested them for their collection in 1969. The pieces were dismantled and stored in the museum's Battersea depot. The doors were exhibited in 2003 in the museum's major exhibition 'Art Deco: 1910–1939', following reconstruction.
In 1976, Trust Houses Forte bought the lease of the Strand Palace Hotel from the Lyons Hotel Group. Over the next ten years, there was minor refurbishment throughout the hotel. In 1985, a more in-depth refurbishment was undertaken on all floors of the new hotel; this included new furniture, new bathrooms and a redecoration of the bedrooms.
London and Regional Properties took over the hotel in 2006. They contracted Michael Gallie to deliver an updated floor plan and area referencing, and outline the external elevations.
# The Lamplighter

The Lamplighter is a sentimental novel written by Maria Susanna Cummins and published in 1854, and a best-selling novel of its era.

## Plot synopsis

A female Bildungsroman, The Lamplighter tells the story of Gertrude Flint, an abandoned and mistreated orphan rescued at the age of eight by Trueman Flint, a lamplighter, from her abusive guardian, Nan Grant. Gertrude is lovingly raised and taught virtues and religious faith. She becomes a moralistic woman. In adulthood, she is rewarded for her long suffering with marriage to a childhood friend.

## Response

The Lamplighter was Cummins's first novel and was an immediate best-seller, selling 20,000 copies in twenty days. The work sold 40,000 in eight weeks, and within five months it had sold 65,000. At the time it was second in sales only to Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. It sold over 100,000 copies in Britain and was translated into multiple different languages.
Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote of the novel in an 1855 letter to William Ticknor: "What is the mystery of these innumerable editions of the Lamplighter, and other books neither better nor worse?" In this same letter Hawthorne made his notorious remark, "America is now wholly given over to a d—d mob of scribbling women." (He had censored the word "damned.") His letter today is posited as the primary "claim to fame" of the novel.
In 1950, James D. Hart (author of The Oxford Companion to American Literature) noted that The Lamplighter could provide insight into the American culture of its time:
   If a student of taste wants to know the thoughts and feelings of the majority who lived during Franklin Pierce's administration [1853–57], he will find more positive value in Maria Cummins' The Lamplighter or T.S. Arthur's Ten Nights in a Bar-Room than he will in Thoreau's Walden [the first two being far more popular] – all books published in 1854.... Usually the book that is popular pleases the reader because it is shaped by the same forces that mold his non-reading hours, so that its dispositions and convictions, its language and subject, re-create the sense of the present, to die away as soon as that present becomes the past.
The character of Gerty MacDowell in James Joyce's Ulysses is based on the heroine of the novel, Gerty Flint, in a portion of Ulysses generally believed to be a parody of Cummins' writing style. The connection of Gerty with The Lamplighter has been recognised as long back as Stanley Sultan's book The Argument of Ulysses published in 1964.
The Lamplighter was widely read for close to a century; for example, in 1915, the New York Public Library ordered 250 copies of a new edition.

## Adaptations

The novel's success saw it quickly adapted for the stage. It was presented in numerous productions in the United States and England in the 1850s. It was also made into a silent film in 1921 with Shirley Mason playing the role of Gertie.
# Lafayette Dawson

Lafayette "Lafe" Dawson (May 13, 1839 – March 28, 1897) was an American lawyer and judge.

## Early life

Dawson was born in McLean County, Illinois, the son of Elizabeth and James R. Dawson, a prosperous farmer and county judge. After attending schools there, he took an academic course in Lexington, Illinois. He travelled through the West, teaching, from Kansas to New Mexico to Colorado. He returned to Kansas, and married Celesta Thornhill in Fort Scott in 1860. They would have three children: John M. Dawson, Cora E. Dawson Fowler, and Eva N. Dawson.
In 1865, he moved to Lincoln Township, Nodaway County, Missouri. There, he farmed, taught, studied law, and was a justice of the peace. In 1866, he moved to nearby Maryville, Missouri, where he would spend most of the rest of his life.

## Legal career

He began practicing law in Maryville in 1866, and quickly became a prominent lawyer. In 1876, he was a Missouri presidential elector for the Samuel J. Tilden campaign.
President Grover Cleveland appointed Dawson to be the third judge of the Territorial District of Alaska on December 3, 1885. He took his oath of office on December 16. Scandal threatened to prevent Dawson's senate confirmation. Dawson and Governor Alfred P. Swineford recommended Adolph Lipman, a Maryville grocer indicted for violating liquor laws, as a commissioner of Alaska. Cleveland nominated Lipman, and when it was discovered that Dawson held a bill of sale for everything Lipman owned in Maryville, political furor erupted in July 1886 that made Dawson's confirmation appear unlikely. Lipman's nomination was withdrawn later that month, and Dawson was confirmed on August 4.
Dawson's most famous case was United States v. The British Schooners "Dolphin", "Anna Beck", "Grace", and "Ada," in which he decided that the United States had the right to seize vessels in the Bering Sea due to treaty rights inherited from Russia upon the purchase of Alaska. This went against the wishes of Cleveland and the administration. His decision was upheld by the Supreme Court, but was overturned at an international tribunal where six of the eight members were from Europe. He resigned in 1888, with news of his resignation reaching in the lower 48 states on May 12, 1888. He left Alaska in early September, upon the arrival of his successor, John H. Keatley.
Dawson returned from Alaska to Maryville, where he spent the rest of his life practicing law and as a community leader. He died there on March 28, 1897.
# H. G. Morris

Major H. G. Morris was an acting Commander of the Ceylon Volunteers Force in 1902.