OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Southworth (surname)

Southworth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Southworth (1811–1894), co-proprietor of Southworth & Hawes studio
* Azariah Southworth (born 1987), American music producer and broadcaster
* Benjamin Southworth (1878–1924) American football player, physician and surgeon.
* Bill Southworth (born 1946), American baseball player
* Billy Southworth (1893–1969), American baseball player and manager
* Billy Southworth Jr. (1917–1945), American baseball player and bomber pilot
* Bobby Southworth (born 1969), American mixed martial arts fighter
* Dorothy Fay Southworth (1915–2003), American actress also known as Dorothy Fay
* E. D. E. N. Southworth (1819–1899), American writer
* Effie A. Southworth (1860–1947), American botanist and plant pathologist
* George Clark Southworth (1890–1972), American radio engineer discoverer of waveguides
* Gilbert de Southworth (b. 1270), architect of Samlesbury Hall
* Helen Southworth (born 1956), United Kingdom politician
* John Southworth (martyr) (1592–1654), English Catholic martyr
* John Southworth (musician) (born 1972), Canadian pop singer-songwriter
* Lucinda Southworth, wife of Google co-founder Larry Page
Fictional characters:
# Manduro

Manduro (March 9, 2002 – June 27, 2020) was a World Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. He was a multiple Group One winner in Germany.

## Background

Sired by Monsun, he was out of the mare Mandellicht, a daughter of Northern Dancer's son Be My Guest who was the Leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland in 1982.
Manduro was purchased by Baron Georg von Ullmann, a German member of the Oppenheim banking family, who owns Gestüt Schlenderhan, one of Germany's oldest stud farms. Baron von Ullmann, who owns Manduro's sire, had previously met with considerable success in racing with a number of horses, the most notable of which was another son of Monsun, Shirocco.
Bred in Germany, Manduro was trained by André Fabre in France.

## Racing career

At age two and three Manduro raced in Germany under trainer Peter Schiergen where he notably won the 2004 Group III Preis des Winterfavoriten and 2005's Preis der Deutschen Einheit.
In 2006, he raced from a base in France for trainer André Fabre where he won the Group II Prix d'Harcourt at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris and finished second twice and third three times in five Group One events.
Ridden by Stéphane Pasquier, in 2007 Manduro was undefeated in five starts and the dominant horse in Europe for most of the year. He won three major races in France and two in England but came out of his win in September's Prix Foy with a cannon bone fracture that ended his racing career and which kept him out of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe at Longchamp Racecourse. The Arc was won by Dylan Thomas whom Manduro had earlier defeated by a length and a quarter in the Prince of Wales's Stakes.

## Assessment

In January 2008, the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) ranked Manduro No.1 in the world for 2007.

## Stud record

Retired to stud duty, Manduro would stand in 2008 at Sheikh Mohammed's Darley Stud. Manduro died of a heart attack at Darley Stud on June 27, 2020.

### Major winners

c = colt, f = filly, g = gelding
| Foaled | Name | Sex | Major wins |
| 2012 | Vazirabad | g | Prix Royal Oak, Prix du Cadran, 3× Dubai Gold Cup |
| 2017 | Iresine | g | Prix Royal-Oak, Prix Ganay |

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Manduro :
| Sire Monsun | Königsstuhl | Dschingis Khan | Tamerlane |
| Sire Monsun | Königsstuhl | Dschingis Khan | Donna Diana |
| Sire Monsun | Königsstuhl | Konigskronung | Tiepoletto |
| Sire Monsun | Königsstuhl | Konigskronung | Kronung |
| Sire Monsun | Mosella | Surumu | Literat |
| Sire Monsun | Mosella | Surumu | Surama |
| Sire Monsun | Mosella | Monasia | Authi |
| Sire Monsun | Mosella | Monasia | Monacensia |
| Dam Mandellicht | Be My Guest | Northern Dancer | Nearctic |
| Dam Mandellicht | Be My Guest | Northern Dancer | Natalma |
| Dam Mandellicht | Be My Guest | What a Treat | Tudor Minstrel |
| Dam Mandellicht | Be My Guest | What a Treat | Rare Treat |
| Dam Mandellicht | Mandelauge | Elektrant | Dschingis Khan |
| Dam Mandellicht | Mandelauge | Elektrant | Elektra |
| Dam Mandellicht | Mandelauge | Mandriale | Norfolk |
| Dam Mandellicht | Mandelauge | Mandriale | Mariapolis |
# Kharasch addition

The Kharasch addition is an organic reaction and a metal-catalysed free radical addition of CXCl$_3$ compounds (X = Cl, Br, H) to alkenes. The reaction is used to append trichloromethyl or dichloromethyl groups to terminal alkenes. The method has attracted considerable interest, but it is of limited value because of narrow substrate scope and demanding conditions.
The reaction mechanism involves free radicals of the general formula CXCl$_2$ (X = Cl, H). For the precursors carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, the requisite radicals can arise by abstraction of a halogen atom by a electropositive metal. The addition proceeds in an anti-Markovnikov fashion. Early work linked the addition to olefin polymerization. This addition is a step in a protocol known as atom transfer radical polymerization.
An example of Kharasch addition is the synthesis of 1,1,3-trichloro-n-nonane from 1-octene and chloroform using an iron-based catalyst:
    CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_5$CH=CH$_2$ + HCCl$_3$ → CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_5$CH(Cl)−CH$_2$CHCl$_2$

## History

The reaction was discovered by Morris S. Kharasch in the 1940s.
# Kharawar railway station

Kharawar Railway Station is a station on the Delhi–Rohtak line. It is located in the Indian state of Haryana. It serves Kharawar and surrounding area.
Kharawar village has an ancient well built in the beginning of 13th century by the Banjara traders who used to trade on the Lahore-Hapur route, via Firozpur-Dabwali-Sirsa-Hansi-Rohtak-Bahadurgarh-Delhi, using the caravans of carts drawn by camels and horses. These traders use to buy kasuri methi fenugreek, red chilli and other spices from Lahore, and jaggery, khaandsari, and other goods from Hapur for trade.
# Kid O'Hara

James Francis "Kid" O'Hara (December 19, 1875 – December 1, 1954) was an outfielder in Major League Baseball.
# Killer Bish

Killer Bish (stylized as KiLLER BiSH) is the third album by Japanese idol group Bish released through Avex Trax on October 5, 2016. The album is the first full album by the group to be released from a major label. The album is the first release to feature new member Ayuni D, who joined the group in August 2016 following the departure of Hug Mii. Unlike their independent label albums, songs from the album were not released as free downloads prior to release. However, the album was released in its entirety in digital format a month prior to the physical release. The first 24 hours of the digital release had all of the group's releases including KiLLER Bish priced at 300 yen. The album was preceded by the single "DEADMAN", released on May 4, 2016. The music video for the track "Orchestra" was posted on YouTube on September 9, followed by the video for "Hontou Honki (本当本気)" on October 5. RUKA from visual kei band Nightmare, a well known fan of Bish and BiS, provided the music for the track "IDOL is SHiT". The track title is an homage to BiS's album Idol is Dead while the track is an homage to the song "IDOL" from that album.

## Departure of Hug Mii and Entry of Ayuni D

Shortly after Bish had made their major label debut with the release of the single "DEADMAN", it was announced on Bish's official website on May 12 that original member Hug Mii would be leaving the group, and that their June 2 concert at Akasaka Blitz would be her last performance. New Member Ayuni D was revealed to the public on July 26, and she made her debut appearance on August 24 at the encore of their TOKYO BiSH SHiNE repetition concert at Zepp Tokyo. Ayuni D joined the LESS THAN SEX tour on September 1 in Nagoya. Ayuni D appears on the album as a full member, and Hug Mii's parts for DEADMAN have been re-recorded by Ayuni D on the album.

## Personnel

* BiSH – Lyrics on Track 1
** Cent Chihiro Chittiii – vocals
** Aina the End – vocals; lyrics on Tracks 11 and 12
** Momoko Gumi Company – vocals; lyrics on Tracks 7 and 10
** Lingling – vocals; lyrics on Tracks 2, 8 and 9
** Hashiyasume Atsuko – vocals
** Ayuni D – vocals; lyrics on Track 6
# Harker Park Lake

Harker Park Lake is located on the northwest face of Burro Mountain in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, United States. It is 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) south of the very small town of Buford, Colorado, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of the city of Boulder. The lake is in the watershed of the White River and is entirely surrounded by the White River National Forest. The headwaters for the lake extend to the top of Burro Mountain at 3,092 m (10,143 ft). Water from Harker Park Lake drains into Sterry Lake, which in turn is the source for Sawmill Creek, a tributary of the South Fork of the White River. The nearest road, New Castle Buford Road, is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) west of the lake and 109 m (360 ft) lower in elevation.
# Eudonia alticola

Eudonia alticola is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Patrice J.A. Leraut in 1989. It is found in Madagascar.
# Eucalyptus platydisca

Eucalyptus platydisca, also known as Jimberlana mallee, is a species of eucalypt native to Western Australia. It is listed as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" under the Western Australian Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 and as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

## Description

The mallee typically grows to a height of approximately 2 to 4 metres (7 to 13 ft) and has smooth mottled grey bark. The erect, multistemmed tree is able to resprout from its lignotuber after fire. The stiff, narrow and dull grey-green adult leaves form an open crown. The diamond shaped buds are found in the leaf axils of leaves in groups of seven. Each bud is 12 to 15 mm (0.47 to 0.59 in) in length and 8 to 9 mm (0.31 to 0.35 in) wide with white flowers. The cup-shaped fruit that form later have a flattish top and a width of 11 to 16 mm (0.43 to 0.63 in).

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus platydisca was first described in 1998 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill in an unpublished manuscript, from material collected on Jimberlana Hill north-west of Norseman. In 2006, the description was formally published by Ian Brooker and Dean Nicolle in the journal Nuytsia. The specific epithet (platydisca) is from ancient Greek meaning "wide", "broad" or "flat" and the Latin discus meaning "disc", referring to the wide rim of the fruit.
The species is part of the Eucalyptus subgenus series Diversiformae, a group of mallees that all have adult leaves held erect, buds with a single unscarred operculum and pyramidal seeds. The other species in this series include E. erectifolia, E. diversifolia, E. todtiana, E. lateritica, E. pachyloma and E. buprestium.

## Distribution and habitat

Jimberlana mallee is found on stony hills in a small area of the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia just east of Norseman where it grows in clay-loam and granite soils. It is only found on two granite hills; Jimberlana Hill and Mount Norcott with around 200 individuals on Jimberlana and more on Mt Northcott. The soil is poorly developed reddish sandy loam stony soils between large boulders are part of an open mallee community along with Eucalyptus longissima, E. griffithsii and Triodia hummock grasses.

## Conservation status

Eucalyptus platydisca is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). The main threats to the species are its small population size, mining activities and unauthorised collection of flowers and fruit.
# Eucalyptus pluricaulis

Eucalyptus pluricaulis, commonly known as the purple-leaved mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth bark, dull bluish green, lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, pale yellow flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus pluricaulis is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 1–5 m (3 ft 3 in – 16 ft 5 in) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, greyish bark that is copper-coloured when new. Adult leaves are the same shade of dull bluish green on both sides, 50–105 mm (2.0–4.1 in) long and 7–20 mm (0.28–0.79 in) wide tapering to a petiole 8–17 mm (0.31–0.67 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of between nine and fifteen on an unbranched peduncle 8–17 mm (0.31–0.67 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels up to 6 mm (0.24 in) long. Mature buds are an elongated spindle shape, 17–28 mm (0.67–1.10 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with a horn-shaped operculum that is three or four times as long as the floral cup. Flowering occurs from March to September and the flowers are pale yellow. The fruit is a woody, cylindrical to barrel-shaped capsule 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) wide with the valves near rim level.

## Taxonomy

Eucalyptus pluricaulis was first formally described in 1991 by Ian Brooker and Stephen Hopper in the journal Nuytsia from specimens Brooker collected near the Coorow-Greenhead Road in 1982. The specific epithet (pluricaulis) is from the Latin plus, pluris meaning "more" or "several" and caulis meaning "stem", referring to the mallee habit of this eucalypt.
In the same journal, Brooker and Hopper described two subspecies and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Eucalyptus pluricaulis Brooker & Hopper subsp. pluricaulis is an erect mallee with bluish green leaves and up to eleven buds in each group;
* Eucalyptus pluricaulis subsp. prophyrea Brooker & Hopper is a low, straggly mallee with purplish leaves and up to fifteen flowers in each group.

## Distribution and habitat

Subspecies pluricaulis grows in tall mallee, often on slopes near breakaways and is found from near Three Springs and the Lesueur National Park to Southern Cross and Ravensthorpe. Subspecies porphyrea grows in mallee between Tarin Rock, the Fitzgerald River National Park and the Stirling Range.

## Conservation status

Both subspecies of this mallee eucalypt are classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Kilbourne Township, Mason County, Illinois

Kilbourne Township is located in Mason County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 504 and it contained 245 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 40.36 square miles (104.5 km$^2$), of which 40.1 square miles (104 km$^2$) (or 99.36%) is land and 0.26 square miles (0.67 km$^2$) (or 0.64%) is water.
# Esther Byrnes

Esther Fussell Byrnes (1867–1946) was an American biologist and science teacher. She was one of the first women copepodologists—scientists who study copepods. She was a fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences, as well as the American Society of Naturalists.

## Life

Byrnes was born in Overbrook, Philadelphia in 1867. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College with a B.A. in 1891. For the next two years she worked in the biology department at Vassar College as an assistant. She then returned to Bryn Mawr College and obtained a master's degree in 1894, followed by a doctorate in 1898, whilst working in the college's biology department.
She left and went to teach in New York at the Girls High School, Brooklyn in their Department of Physiology and Biology until her retirement from teaching in 1932. During this time, she was a member of the New York Science Teachers Association. This was only interrupted from 1926 to 1927, when she took a year off to tutor the princesses of the Japanese royal family at Tsuda College, Tokyo.
In 1940, she became director of Mount Desert Biological Laboratory, Maine.
Her research was focused on marine biology and her work at Bryn Mawr focused on the study of limb regeneration in amphibians as well as studying cyclops, a freshwater species of crustacean.
She died in Maine while on vacation at the age of 79.

## Memberships

* New York Academy of Sciences (Fellow)
* Genetic Association
* New York State Science Teachers' Association
* North Central Community League of Philadelphia
* Marine Biological Association
* Society of Naturalists
* Society of Zoologists

## Works

* Byrnes, E. F. (1909). "The Fresh Water Cyclops of Long Island". Cold Spring Harbor Monographs. 7. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10398. hdl:2027/uc1.31175034923915.
* Byrnes, E. F. (1921). "The Metamorphosis of Cyclops americanus Marsh and Cyclops signatus var. tenuicornis". Cold Spring Harbor Monographs. 9.
# Esther Carstensen

Ester Henriette Carstensen née Hansen (10 August 1873–12 December 1955) was a Danish women's rights activist and journal editor. She was one of the most active members of the Danish Women's Society (Dansk kvindesamfund), editing its journal from 1908 and becoming its vice-president in 1913. She later headed the Copenhagen chapter of the Women's Society.

## Early life and education

Born on 10 August 1873 in Skodsborg, Esther Henriette Hansen was the daughter of the merchant Harald Andreas Hansen (1835–1902) and Anna Georgiana Cécile de Jonquières (1847–1941). Raised in a well-to-do bourgeois home in Copenhagen, she matriculated from N. Zahle's School in 1893. In 1897, she took the examination for the first part of the civil engineering programme of study at the Polytechnical Institute. She did not complete her studies as in 1898 she married Ivan Carstensen (1871–1949), an officer in the Life Guards.

## Career

From an early age, like her cousin Estrid Hein, Carstensen took a special interest in the status of women in the community. In 1906, she was a co-founder of Foreningen til Hjælp for enligtstillede (Association for Supporting Single Mothers) but went on to devote most of her time to the Danish Women's Society. In 1907, she replaced Astrid Stampe Feddersen as head of the society's voting rights committee but failed to persuade all the other women's organizations interested in voting rights to join the Women's Society.
From then on, she became a leading member of the organization, serving as vice-president from 1913 to 1918. In addition, from 1908 to 1913, she edited the Society's journal Kvinden & Samfundet, working with Thora Daugaard as editing secretary. Not only did she display fine editing skills, she became an effective contributor to the journal herself.
As local branches of the Women's Society were created, Carstensen headed the Copenhagen chapter from 1913 to 1918 and later from 1934 to 1944, when she was elected honorary president for life. On moving to Viborg with her husband, she headed the Society's Viborg chapter from 1928 to 1932.
While Carstensen was involved in improving all aspects of women's rights, she was particularly concerned with the insecurity experienced by married women, given their lack of economic independence. An effect speaker and discussion leader, despite her aristocratic manner she was always ready to take up any aspect of work, including going out on the streets to distribute leaflets or sell the Society's marguerites.
Esther Carstensen died on 12 December 1955 in Copenhagen.
# Euchalcia augusta

Euchalcia augusta is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from the Taurus Mountains to Lake Van in Turkey. In the Levant it has been recorded from Syria and Israel.
Adults are on wing from April to May. There is one generation per year.

## Subspecies

* Euchalcia augusta augusta
* Euchalcia augusta wolfi (Turkey)
# Alexander Tottenham

Sir Alexander Robert Loftus Tottenham CIE (31 July 1873 – 13 December 1946) was a British civil servant and administrator who served as the Diwan of Pudukkottai state from 1934 to 1944.

## Early life

Alexander Tottenham was born to British naval officer John Francis Tottenham and his wife Laura Ellen Dodd Janverin on 31 July 1873. Alexander graduated from Clifton College, Bristol and did his post-graduation from Queen's College, Oxford.

## Career

Alexander passed the 1896 Indian Civil Service examinations and arrived in India on 5 December 1897 where he served as District Collector and Assistant Magistrate in the Madras Presidency. From 1923 to 1932, he was as a member of India's Central Board of Revenue. Alexander retired from the Indian Civil Service in 1933 at the age of sixty.

## Pudukkottai

In 1934, Tottenham was appointed Diwan of Pudukkottai and he served until his death in 1946. Tottenham is regarded as one of the best administrators of Pudukkottai and promoted arts and industry. A portrait of Alexander Tottenham hangs in the Government Museum, Thirukokarnam.
# Macrocheles scutatus

Macrocheles scutatus is a species of mite in the family Macrochelidae. It is found in New Zealand.
# Tapir Mountain Nature Reserve

Tapir Mountain Nature Reserve is a protected area in Belize, Central America. It falls under category (Ia) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature protected areas categories. It is managed by the Belize Forest Department and co-managed by the Belize Karst Habitat Conservation.

## About Tapir Mountain Nature Reserve

Tapir Mountain Nature Reserve (TMNR), Belize's very first nature reserve, comprises 6,286 acres of pristine lowland tropical evergreen forest on limestone (karstic) soils. Nestled in the lowland foothills below the north-facing escarpment of the Maya Mountains Massif, it is located a mere eight miles southwest of Belmopan, Belize's capital, and five miles south of the Western Highway corridor that connects Belize City with the Guatemalan border. TMNR lies entirely within the Belize River watershed and provides significant protection of the Barton Creek and Roaring Creek sub-watersheds. Barton Creek partially defines TMNR's western boundary and Roaring Creek its eastern boundary. The undisturbed forested landscapes of TMNR drain into these two creeks, providing a significant watershed buffer for the downstream communities of Teakettle, Ontario, and Blackman Eddy. Characteristic landscape features of the reserve's rugged limestone topography include sinkholes and underground streams and caves formed from erosion of the porous karstic layer. Water can be scarce in this karst landscape, especially during the dry months, during which smaller streams that emerge as springs within the hill slopes, retreat underground. Due to reduced rainfall and seasonally dry conditions, forests on limestone tend to have species adapted to drought conditions.

## Communities Adjacent to Tapir Mountain Nature Reserve

The primary stakeholder communities of TMNR are located on the Western Highway. These include Teakettle (population: 1,747), Ontario (population: 775) and Blackman Eddy (population: 534). Their primary focus is agricultural activities and employment in the tourism sector. Other communities also considered in the area include Upper and Lower Barton Creek (populations: 380 and 193 respectively) and El Progresso-7 Miles (population: 483). All three are farming communities.

## Biodiversity

The forest ecosystems of TMNR support a rich diversity of flora and fauna with perhaps as many as a thousand species of plants (of which only a fraction have been documented to date), at least 55 mammal species, and more than 340 species of birds (and counting). The reserve protects two of Belize's high-risk species –Central American Spider Monkey and White lipped Peccary. Three species – Baird's Tapir, Central American Spider Monkey, and Yucatán Black Howler Monkey are globally ‘Endangered’ under IUCN classification, and one (White-lipped Peccary) is classified as ‘Vulnerable’. TMNR has also been identified as an important wintering habitat for migratory bird species and as an important forest foraging site for the critically endangered Orange-breasted Falcon, which nests in the Mountain Pine Ridge three miles to the south.