OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eli Upfal

Eli Upfal is a computer science researcher, currently the Rush C. Hawkins Professor of Computer Science at Brown University. He completed his undergraduate studies in mathematics and statistics at the Hebrew University, Israel in 1978, received an M.Sc. in computer science from the Feinberg Graduate School of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel in 1980, and completed his PhD in computer science at the Hebrew University in 1983 under Eli Shamir. He has made contributions in a variety of areas. Most of his work involves randomized and/or online algorithms, stochastic processes, or the probabilistic analysis of deterministic algorithms. Particular applications include routing and communications networks, computational biology, and computational finance.
He is responsible for a large body of work, including, as of May 2012, more than 150 publications in journals and conferences as well as many patents. He has won several prizes, including the IBM Outstanding Innovation Award and the Levinson Prize in Mathematical Sciences. In 2002, Eli Upfal, was inducted as a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and in 2005 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. He received, together with Yossi Azar, Andrei Broder, Anna Karlin, and Michael Mitzenmacher, the 2020 ACM Paris Kanellakis Award.
Eli is a coauthor of the book Mitzenmacher, Michael; Upfal, Eli (2005-01-31). Probability and Computing: Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Analysis. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83540-4.
# Groruddalen BK

Groruddalen Ballklubb was a Norwegian association football club from Groruddalen, Oslo.
The club came into existence through the merger of a number of local clubs in 2002, but went defunct again in 2008, after some of those clubs withdrew their backing. The club's short existence was spent in the Norwegian third and second division, missing its aim, to earn promotion to the first division, narrowly in 2007.

## Founding

The valley of Groruddalen had a long history of competition between the many football teams. SF Grei was the best team for most of the 1990s, but there was little backing to be found from other clubs in the region. In late 1995 there were talks about a merger, this time between the football branches of Refstad-Veitvet IL, Linderud IL and possibly Årvoll IL and Hasle-Løren IL.
In 2002 the talks became more concrete. By that time Grei and Årvoll both had recently been relegated from the Second to the Third Division. These clubs first made plans together with Grorud IL, Vestli IL and Furuset IF. When the umbrella team Groruddalen BK was finally founded, Høybråten og Stovner IL had also joined. The foundation date was 22 September 2002. Rommen SK and Romsås IL later joined the cooperation.

## Sporting success

The club's goal was to be in the First Division within five years. In its first active season, 2003, Groruddalen BK won their Third Division group with flying colors. The team had a goal difference of 122–20, and won 20 of 22 matches. They however succumbed to Drøbak/Frogn IL in the promotion playoff. In 2004 they won the Third Division group again, but this time they beat Jevnaker IF in the promotion playoff.
In the 2005 Norwegian Second Division, Groruddalen ended in sixth place, one place behind Drøbak/Frogn. In the 2006 Norwegian Second Division they finished second, eight points behind Skeid. They scored 73 goals in 26 games, best in their group. In the 2007 Norwegian Second Division they finished third. Christian Torbjørnsen became joint top goalscorer in the entire Second Division (four groups) in 2007 with 26 goals, and in 2006 he became joint runner-up with 23 goals.

## Downfall

They then lost their coach Rolf Teigen and assistant coach Mathias Haugaasen to Bryne FK after the 2007 season, and nearly their entire roster. By November 2007, only two players from the 2007 season were left. They had a hopeless 2008 Norwegian Second Division season, and ended in last place with only eight points. After the 2008 season it was over. Groruddalen BK tried to incorporate the squad of the club Oslo City FC into theirs, but Oslo City rejected. Groruddalen had no grounds for existence as a Third Division club, both because of finances, and because the cooperating parts (Grei, Grorud, Vestli, Furuset, Høybråten og Stovner, Rommen and Romsås) were not backing the club enough. For instance, Grorud signalized that in a 2009 Third Division season, Groruddalen would be their direct competitor. Groruddalen eventually pulled their team, and ceased to exist.
# Guillermo Avila

Guillermo Avila Paz (born 28 December 1960) is a Bolivian alpine skier. He competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# Kalendarium 1972–93

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Kalendarium 1972–93 is a compilation album from Swedish singer/songwriter Ted Gärdestad, released in 1993. It includes the best-known songs from his career as well one new recording, "För Kärlekens Skull", his first in twelve years. Kalendarium also included a Swedish language re-recording of the title track from his 1978 album Blue Virgin Isles, "Himlen Är Oskyldigt Blå".

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Kenneth Gärdestad, music by Ted Gärdestad
* "Jag vill ha en egen måne" (1972) - 3:17
* "Helena" (1972) - 3:19
* "Snurra du min värld" (1972) - 2:59
* Jag ska fånga en ängel" (1973) - 3:50
* "Sol, vind och vatten" (1973) - 3:10
* "Eiffeltornet" (1974) - 3:04
* "Buffalo Bill" (1974) - 3:53
* "Angela" (1976) - 3:00
* "Chapeau-Claque" (1976) - 3:55
* "Klöversnoa" (1976) - 2:00
* "Rockin' 'n' Reelin'" (Swedish version) (1975) - 3:00
* "Himlen är oskyldigt blå" (Swedish-language version of "Blue Virgin Isles") (1978/1993) - 4:34
* "Låt Solen värma dig" (Solo version) (1981) - 3:33
* "Satellit" (1979) - 4:22
* "Låt kärleken slå rot" (1981) - 4:48
* "För kärlekens skull" (1993) - 4:03

## Production

* Benny Andersson - producer (tracks 1-11, 15)
* Björn Ulvaeus - producer (tracks 1-11)
* Ted Gärdestad - producer (tracks 4-11, 13)
* Michael B. Tretow - producer (tracks 6-10)
* Eirik W. Wangberg - original producer (track 12, "Blue Virgin Isles"/Himlen Är Oskyldigt Blå")
* Janne Schaffer - producer (track 14)
* Anders Glenmark - producer (track 16), remix (track 12, "Blue Virgin Isles"/"Himlen Är Oskyldigt Blå")
# Kabikou

Kabikou is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
# Kabika River

The Kabika River is a tributary of the Burntbush River, flowing in the Cochrane District, in Northeastern Ontario, in Canada.
Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector; recreational tourism activities, second. The west side of this slope is served by the Ontario road 652.
The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, but safe circulation on the ice generally occurs from mid-November to the end of April.

## Geography

The hydrographic slopes adjacent to the Kabika River are:
* North side: Mikwam River, Burntbush River;
* East side: East Kabika River, Patten River, Turgeon River;
* South side: Lake Abitibi, La Reine River (Lake Abitibi);
* west side: Case River, Kenning River, Seguin River, Payntouk Creek.
The Kabika River originates at the mouth of a small forest lake (altitude: 298 metres (978 ft)) in the north of the township of Scapa. This lake is situated to the northeast of a mountain whose summit reaches 409 metres (1,342 ft). Its mouth is located in the north of the North-East Bay of Lake Abitibi.
From the mouth of the small head lake, the Kabika River flows on 69.3 kilometres (43.1 mi) according to the following segments:
* 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the mouth of Lake Kabika (length: 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi), altitude: 291 metres (955 ft) to the north in the township of Scapa) which overlaps the townships of Scapa and Abbotsford;
* 18.6 kilometres (11.6 mi) to the north winding through the township of Abbotsford and Case, to the limit of the township of Singer;
* 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) to the north by winding in Singer Township, then Kenning Township to the confluence of the Case River (coming from the West);
* 4.7 kilometres (2.9 mi) to the north winding through Kenning Township, then Singer, to the boundary of the Tomlinson Township;
* 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi) to the north, then northeast, winding through Tomlinson Township, then Hurtubise, to the confluence of the East Kabika River (coming from the south);
* 6.4 kilometres (4.0 mi) to the north-west by forming a hook to the north-west and another to the south-east, to its mouth.
The confluence of the Kabika River is located in the Hurtubise Township, at 19.9 kilometres (12.4 mi) on the western boundary of the Ontario - Quebec boundary; 18.5 kilometres (11.5 mi) to the west of the mouth of the Burntbush River (confluence with the Turgeon River); 89.3 kilometres (55.5 mi) to the southwest of the mouth of the Turgeon River (confluence with the Harricana River); 86.3 kilometres (53.6 mi) to the southeast of a bay south of Kesagami Lake and 37.9 kilometres (23.5 mi) east of the Ontario Highway 652.

## Toponymy

The following toponyms are of the same origin and are in the same area of the Cochrane District: Kabika River, East Kakiba River.
# Guangtong, Yunnan

Guangtong is a town of Lufeng city, Yunnan province, China. It is an important railway junction on the Chengdu–Kunming railway, as it is where the Guangtong–Dali railway splits off.
During the Yuan dynasty it was known as Dunren and the seat of Guangtong county.
The population was 39,794 by the end of 2023, consisting largely of ethnic minorities, including 12,405 Yi people. The Yi are mostly concentrated in the villages Tianxin, Jiziwan, Pingdi, Dawafang, Xinmin, Yuduo, Xinmin, and Tashiju. There are also 688 Hui people living in the town.
The economy relies on copper mining, forestry and wild mushroom trading.
# Elegy (John Zorn album)

Elegy is the sixth studio album by John Zorn, which was dedicated to Jean Genet, featuring four "file card" compositions titled after colors and arranged in the style of chamber music.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Guy's Music Review | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
The Allmusic review by Blake Butler awarded the album 4½ stars describing it as "Another smeared blossoming testament to the off-color and highly obtuse genius of John Zorn. A mostly minimalist and sparse landscape of sheer terror and spine-ripping controlled noise explosion". Guy Peters stated "some moments come close to chamber music, but others employ the cut up-techniques or seem to function as an imaginary soundtrack. Another option is that you consider it an experiment in aural terror and not because it's a very alienating, extreme or demanding album throughout, but because it skilfully uses mood and shifts to hook you up with a feeling of unease".

## Track listing

* "Blue" - 7:08
* "Yellow" - 2:48
* "Pink" - 15:44
* "Black" - 3:42
    All compositions by John Zorn
* Recorded at Different Fur Studios, San Francisco in November 1991

## Personnel

* Barbara Chaffe - alto flute, bass flute
* David Abel - viola
* Scummy - guitar
* David Shea - turntables
* David Slusser - sound effects
* William Winant - percussion
* Mike Patton - vocals
# Gromov's inequality for complex projective space

In Riemannian geometry, Gromov's optimal stable 2-systolic inequality is the inequality
    $\mathrm {stsys} _{2}^{n}\leq n!\;\mathrm {vol} _{2n}(\mathbb {CP} ^{n})$,
valid for an arbitrary Riemannian metric on the complex projective space, where the optimal bound is attained by the symmetric Fubini–Study metric, providing a natural geometrisation of quantum mechanics. Here $\operatorname {stsys_{2}}$ is the stable 2-systole, which in this case can be defined as the infimum of the areas of rational 2-cycles representing the class of the complex projective line $\mathbb {CP} ^{1}\subset \mathbb {CP} ^{n}$ in 2-dimensional homology.
The inequality first appeared in Gromov (1981) as Theorem 4.36.
The proof of Gromov's inequality relies on the Wirtinger inequality for exterior 2-forms.

## Projective planes over division algebras $\mathbb {R,C,H}$

In the special case n=2, Gromov's inequality becomes $\mathrm {stsys} _{2}^{2}\leq 2\mathrm {vol} _{4}(\mathbb {CP} ^{2})$. This inequality can be thought of as an analog of Pu's inequality for the real projective plane $\mathbb {RP} ^{2}$. In both cases, the boundary case of equality is attained by the symmetric metric of the projective plane. Meanwhile, in the quaternionic case, the symmetric metric on $\mathbb {HP} ^{2}$ is not its systolically optimal metric. In other words, the manifold $\mathbb {HP} ^{2}$ admits Riemannian metrics with higher systolic ratio $\mathrm {stsys} _{4}^{2}/\mathrm {vol} _{8}$ than for its symmetric metric (Bangert et al. 2009).
# Gromov's compactness theorem (topology)

In the mathematical field of symplectic topology, Gromov's compactness theorem states that a sequence of pseudoholomorphic curves in an almost complex manifold with a uniform energy bound must have a subsequence which limits to a pseudoholomorphic curve which may have nodes or (a finite tree of) "bubbles". A bubble is a holomorphic sphere which has a transverse intersection with the rest of the curve. This theorem, and its generalizations to punctured pseudoholomorphic curves, underlies the compactness results for flow lines in Floer homology and symplectic field theory.
If the complex structures on the curves in the sequence do not vary, only bubbles can occur; nodes can occur only if the complex structures on the domain are allowed to vary. Usually, the energy bound is achieved by considering a symplectic manifold with compatible almost-complex structure as the target, and assuming that curves to lie in a fixed homology class in the target. This is because the energy of such a pseudoholomorphic curve is given by the integral of the target symplectic form over the curve, and thus by evaluating the cohomology class of that symplectic form on the homology class of the curve. The finiteness of the bubble tree follows from (positive) lower bounds on the energy contributed by a holomorphic sphere.
# Elizabeth Jolley Short Story Prize

The ABR Elizabeth Jolley Short Story Prize is an annual short fiction competition run by the Australian Book Review. The Prize, with total prize money of AU$12,500 and "generating over a thousand new stories each year", is "hotly contested" and considered "one of Australia's most lucrative prizes for an original short story" on the Australian literary calendar.

## History

The Prize was originally known as the ABR Short Story Competition when it was established in 2010; however, the ABR renamed the award "in honour of Elizabeth Jolley, and first awarded it under its new name, the ABR Elizabeth Jolley Short Story Prize, in 2011".
The Prize accepts submissions from authors worldwide, however stories must be by a single author and written in English.

## Winners

* 2010: Maria Takolander: "A Roānkin Philosophy of Poetry"
* 2011: Carrie Tiffany: "Before He Left the Family", and Gregory Day: "The Neighbour's Beans"
* 2012: Sue Hurley: "Patterns in Nature"
* 2013: Michelle Michau-Crawford: "Leaving Elvis"
* 2014: Jennifer Down: "Aokigahara"
* 2015: Rob Magnuson Smith: "The Elector of Nossnearly"
* 2016: Josephine Rowe: "Glisk"
* 2017: Eliza Robertson: "Pheidippides"
* 2018: Madelaine Lucas: "Ruins"
* 2019: Sonja Dechian: "The Point-Blank Murder"
* 2020: Mykaela Saunders: "River Story"
* 2021: Camilla Chaudhary: "The Enemy, Asyndeton"
* 2022: Tracy Ellis: "Natural Wonder"
* 2023: Rowan Heath: "The Mannequin"
# Elizabeth Johnston

Elizabeth Johnston may refer to:
* Elizabeth Johnston (dressmaker) (?-?), the official royal dressmaker of queen Adelaide and queen Victoria
* Elizabeth Bryant Johnston, (1833–1907) American historian
* Elizabeth Lichtenstein Johnston, American writer
* Elizabeth Parr-Johnston (born 1939), married name Elizabeth Johnston, economist and advisor
* Elizabeth Johnston Patterson (1939–2018), née Elizabeth Johnston, American Democratic politician
# Kagoma

Kagoma may refer to:
* Alternate name for the Gyong language
* Kagoma, Nigeria, rural settlement of many villages in Jema'a Local Government Area, southern Kaduna state in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria.
# Kakuvälja

Kakuvälja is a village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
# Elias S.W. Shiu

Elias Sai Wan Shiu is a Professor of Actuarial Mathematics at the University of Iowa, and an internationally renowned actuarial scientist.

## Biography

Shiu graduated from California Institute of Technology in 1975 after completing a PhD in mathematics, specializing in operator theory. Prior to joining the University of Iowa, he worked as a consultant for the Great-West Life Assurance Company in Canada and as a tenure-stream faculty member at the Warren Centre for Actuarial Studies and Research at the University of Manitoba, where he served as the Acting Head of the Department of Actuarial Science. He joined the University of Iowa as the Principal Financial Group Professor in 1992. Shiu was one of the early editors for the academic journal, Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, a top-tier actuarial science journal, for which he now serves as an honorary editor. He is also a co-editor of the journal North American Actuarial Journal. Shiu is also a Distinguished Shiu is best known for his work on option pricing by Esscher transforms and contributions to the development of ruin theory, including the seminal paper ``On the Time Value of Ruin". The Gerber-Shiu function, which is a subject of study in ruin theory to analyze the probability and severity of insolvency of insurance companies, is named after Elias S.W. Shiu and Hans-Ulrich Gerber. His research papers have won four Halmstad Prizes, which recognized outstanding research work in the field of actuarial science. Shiu is an Associate of the Society of Actuaries and served on a wide range of professional exams committees. Owing to his great scientific contributions, Shiu was awarded an honorary doctoral degree from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. The International Gerber-Shiu Workshop series is also named after Elias S.W. Shiu and Hans-Ulrich Gerber. In 2014, the University of Hong Kong hosted the 5th International Gerber-Shiu Workshop in honor of Professor Shiu on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Shiu is the Doctor of Science honoris causa of the Hang Seng University of Hong Kong.

## Publications

* Gerber, Hans U.; Shiu, Elias S.W. (1998), "On the Time Value of Ruin", North American Actuarial Journal, 2, Society of Actuaries: 48–72, doi:10.1080/10920277.1998.10595671, S2CID 59054002
* Option Pricing by Esscher Transforms (PDF), Society of Actuaries
# Kalibas

Kalibas is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3708 living in 671 individual households.
# Guatteria anomala

Guatteria anomala is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Kamajei Chiefdom

Kamajei Chiefdom is a chiefdom in Moyamba District of Sierra Leone. Its capital is Senehun.
# Elisenheim

Elisenheim is a residential area north of Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. It was declared a township in December 2011 when the first building plans for houses were submitted to the City of Windhoek, and infrastructure such as roads, sewerage, and electricity installations has been put in place.
The development of Elisenheim was estimated to cost more than a billion N$ in total, making it the largest residential project in Namibia.
# Eliezer of Touques

Eliezer (ben Solomon) of Touques was a French tosafist, who lived at Touques in the second half of the thirteenth century. He abridged the tosafot of Samson of Sens, Samuel of Évreux, and many others, and added thereto marginal notes of his own, entitled "Gilyon Tosafot," or "Tosafot Gillayon". This abridgment, together with the notes, after undergoing many alterations and receiving several additions from later authorities, was called Tosafot Ṭuk; it forms the foundation of the Tosafot now printed with the Talmud.
Gershon Soncino, who printed Eliezer's tosafot for the first time, says in the preface to Ḳimḥi's Miklol edited by him (Constantinople, 1532–34) that he collected them in various places in France, especially in Chambéry, Savoy. Eliezer was also the author of a commentary on the Pentateuch, mentioned in a list of works appended to the manuscript of Ibn Janaḥ's Sefer ha-Riḳmah, now in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (No. 1216).

## Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography

* Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, ii., s.v. תוספות;
* Zunz, Z. G. p. 39;
* Gross, Gallia Judaica, p. 209;
* Rabbinowicz, Ma'amar 'al Hadfasat ha-Talmud, p. 23, Munich, 1877;
* Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 424.
# Elif, Araban

Elif is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Araban, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,978 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the river Euphrates (Fırat). The distance to Araban is 30 kilometres (19 mi) and to Gaziantep is 70 kilometres (43 mi). In the 2nd or 3rd century the town was a Roman settlement named Sugga. The mausoleum in the town is a Roman building. Elif was declared a seat of township in 1994. Major economic activity is pistachio farming. Some Elif residents work in construction sector.
# Kamarabuyon

Kamarabuyon is a settlement in Kenya's Baringo County.
# Louisiana's 12th State Senate district

Louisiana's 12th State Senate district is one of 39 districts in the Louisiana State Senate. It has been represented by Republican Beth Mizell since 2016.

## Geography

District 12 covers all of Washington Parish and the northernmost parts of St. Tammany and Tangipahoa Parishes, including some or all of Bogalusa, Franklinton, Kentwood, Amite, and Hammond.
The district overlaps with Louisiana's 1st and 5th congressional districts, and with the 72nd, 74th, 75th, 77th, and 86th districts of the Louisiana House of Representatives.

## Recent election results

Louisiana uses a jungle primary system. If no candidate receives 50% in the first round of voting, when all candidates appear on the same ballot regardless of party, the top-two finishers advance to a runoff election.

### 2019

2019 Louisiana State Senate election, District 12 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Beth Mizell (incumbent) | 24,590 | 68.6 |
| | Democratic | Darrell Fairburn | 11,266 | 31.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 35,856 | 100 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2015

2015 Louisiana State Senate election, District 12 :
| Primary election |||||
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Beth Mizell | 14,344 | 43.4 |
| | Democratic | Mickey Murphy | 10,767 | 32.6 |
| | Republican | Brett Duncan | 6,827 | 20.6 |
| | Independent | John Seal | 1,138 | 3.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 33,076 | 100 |
| General election |||||
| | Republican | Beth Mizell | 19,404 | 58.0 |
| | Democratic | Mickey Murphy | 14,033 | 42.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 33,437 | 100 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic | Republican gain from Democratic |

### 2011

2011 Louisiana State Senate election, District 12 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Ben Nevers (incumbent) | 15,116 | 50.6 |
| | Republican | Beth Mizell | 14,764 | 49.4 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 29,880 | 100 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### Federal and statewide results

| Year | Office | Results |
| 2020 | President | Trump 69.2–29.5% |
| 2019 | Governor (runoff) | Rispone 51.7–48.3% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 68.2–29.3% |
| 2015 | Governor (runoff) | Edwards 55.7–44.3% |
| 2014 | Senate (runoff) | Cassidy 61.9–38.1% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 65.6–32.8% |