OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Homarium

The Homarium, Homagyrium or Amarion (Ancient Greek: Ἀμάριον) was the common sanctuary of the Achaean League, built c. 371 BC at Aegium. It was so named as it was dedicated to Zeus Amarios (Ancient Greek: Ἀμάριος) or Homarios (Ὁμάριος) or Homagyrios (Ὁμαγύριος) (Latinized as Homarius and Homagyrius, the exact meaning of the epithets is uncertain, but probably "god of the assembly, he who unites"), and was used, according to Polybius, for meetings and debates on Achaean lines. Strabo describes it as a grove, near a temple of Demeter Panachaia.

## Descriptions

Again, according to Polybius [5:93] resolutions to internal Achaean disputes during the Social War were recorded on a stele erected near the altar of Hestia or Vesta.
Pausanias described the Homarium at Aegium in the 2nd century:
    "By the sea at Aigion [in Akhaia] is a sanctuary of . . . Zeus Homagyrios (the Assembler). Here are images of Zeus, of Aphrodite and of Athena. The surname Assembler was given to Zeus because in this place Agamemnon assembled the most eminent men in Greece, in order that they might consult together how to make war on the empire of Priamos. Among the claims of Agamemnon to renown is that he destroyed Troy and the cities around her with the forces that followed him originally, without any later reinforcements . . . Even in my time the Akhaian assembly still meets at Aigion, just as the Amphiktyones do at Thermopylai and at Delphoi."
He also mention the priesthood and organisation of the temple:
    "There are at Aigion [in Akhaia] other images made of bronze, Zeus as a boy and Herakles as a beardless youth, the work of Ageladas of Argos. Priests are elected for them every year, and each of the two images remains at the house of the priest. In a more remote age there was chosen to be priest for Zeus from the boys he who won the prize for beauty. When his beard began to grow the honor for beauty passed to another boy. Such were the customs."
The Acahean colonies in Italy, Sybaris, Caulon and Kroton similarly established a Homarium as a common forum.
Pope, in his 1715 Essay introducing his translation of Homer's Iliad, refers a temple erected to Homer as "the true Homærium", and comments on dispute over its locality. By 1872 this was described as a back-formation.

### Zeus Amarios

Nineteen states of the Achaean League minted triobols (or hemidrachms), small silver coins worth three obols, carrying a bust of Zeus Amarios on the obverse. Later bronze coins were minted by the members of the league, also bearing the image of Zeus Amarios, holding a miniature Nike, presenting him a wreath. The later bronze mintage is remarkable for the number of towns and villages that produced coins, some forty five, and the number of die used, estimated at 1600.

## Achaean oath

The Achaean oath was taken upon the trinity of Hamarium Zeus, Hamarium Athena and Aphrodite.
# Emivirine

Emivirine (MKC-442) is a failed experimental agent for the treatment of HIV. It is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. While emivirine showed promising antiviral activity in vitro, it failed to show sufficient efficacy in human trials. However it is still notable as an early proof of concept, which led to the discovery of a number of related antiviral drugs.
# 24 Field Artillery

24 Field Artillery Regiment was an artillery regiment of the South African Artillery.

## Origin

This unit was formed as 24 Field Artillery Regiment in 1976 and was based in Durban. As a composite unit, its structure consisted of:
* a couple of gun batteries,
* medium mortars and,
* counter artillery locating radar elements.(typically using the Cymbeline Mk1 locating radar)
Commandant R. Pemberton was the Commanding officer.

### Operations

The regiment was added to the operational control of Natal Command. As a Citizen Force Regiment, its primary function was artillery support and it secondary function as infantry. The regiment did at least one tour of duty in South West Africa but mainly conducted training camps in northern Natal.

### Traditions

The regiment had a typical artillery tradition and instead of having colours considered its cannons its colours.
# Derozio Memorial College

Derozio Memorial College, established in 1996, is a Hons and General degree college in Rajarhat. It offers undergraduate courses in Arts, Sciences and Commerce. It is affiliated to West Bengal State University.

## Departments
### Science

* Chemistry
* Physics
* Mathematics
* Botany
* Zoology
* Computer Science

### Arts and Commerce

* Bengali
* English
* History
* Political Science
* Philosophy
* Economics
* Education
* Journalism
* Commerce
* Business organization
* Accountancy

## Central Library

The fully automated wifi enabled Central Library of the college contains almost 15000 books, 600 serial publications, 120 CD & DVDs. Daily footfall in the library amounts to 108 on an average. The Library subscribes Bengali and English newspapers on daily basis and the papers thus subscribed are preserved in bound volumes monthly basis in the form of newspaper archive. In house researchers including faculty members, students and others visit the library on daily basis to study newspapers from the archive for their different research purposes. The well-maintained Online Public Access Catalogue is accessible 24×7 hours from any corners of the world. The Central Library of the college subscribes NLIST databases INFLIBNET for the faculty members, staff and students of the college. The library maintains institutional Membership with the renowned libraries such as The American Library Kolkata, National Digital Library. All the regular facilities such as Reading Room, Reference Services, CAS, Reprography, Internet etc. are provided to the users from the library. Ex-students of the college can be a member of the library for initially one year by paying a very nominal fees to the library.

## Accreditation

Derozio Memorial College is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). It was accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), and in 2016 the college has been awarded B++ grade.
# Snap Server

The Snap Server is a network attached storage computer appliance sold since 2008 by Overland Storage. From 2002 to 2004 it was sold by a company called Snap Appliance.

## Description

All modern Snap Servers include an embedded operating system called GuardianOS. The GuardianOS is a UNIX-like operating system based on the mainstream Linux kernel, and is used on the Snap Server line of network-attached storage devices. Older models used the SnapOS, which is a heavily customized BSD flavor. The SnapOS was originally created by Meridian Data for the Meridian Data Snap! Server, and shipped on products from May 1998 through February 2006.
Quantum had shipped more than 90,000 Snap Servers as of December 31, 2001. As of the end of 2003, an estimated 150,000 Snap Servers had been sold. Many Snap Servers are visible operating on the open Internet, although it is generally more common for them to be deployed inside corporate intranets.

## History

The ownership of the Snap Appliance product family went through several corporate mergers.
Meridian Data (founded in 1994 as Parallan Computer, based in Scotts Valley, California) had been shipping CD-ROM servers, which was a shrinking market in the late 1990s. In 1996 it started development of a network file server which it announced at the DEMO conference in February 1998. In May 1998 Meridian Data began shipping the Meridian Data Snap! Server. On May 10, 1999, Meridian agreed to be acquired by Quantum Corp. in a stock swap. In December 1999 the deal closed, worth an estimated $85 million.
* In October 2002 Quantum's Snap division was purchased by private investors for about $11 million, forming Snap Appliance.
* In July 2004 Snap Appliance was purchased by Adaptec for about $100 million.
* In July 2008 Overland Storage acquired the Snap server product line from Adaptec for $3.6 million.
# Rekha Raju

Rekha Raju is an Indian classical dance performer and teacher from Bangalore, Karnataka. She specialises in the Bharatnatyam and Mohiniyattam dance forms.

## Early life and education

Rekha was born to M.R.Raju and Jayalakshmi Raghavan and brought up in Bangalore. She started learning classical dance at the age of four. She trained intensively under various gurus, including Kalamandalam Usha Datar, Raju Datar, Gopika Varma and Janardhanan. She started her college education pursuing a degree in commerce, while she studied Administration in Human Resource & Accounts and Performing of Art for her master's degree. She completed her Ph.D. in Fine Arts from Heidelberg University, Germany. She is a distinction holder of master's degree in Bharathnatyam and rank holder of the Vidwath proficiency.

## Career

She made her stage debut (Arangetram) in 2003 at Ravindra Kalakshetra in Bangalore. She has been performing on various stages in India and abroad from the age of four and performed as a soloist for many respected institutions of dance in India, including Yuva Sourabha, organized by the Kannada Culture Department, programme at the Indian Council for Cultural Relations, Institute of World Culture, Delhi International Festival, Poona Dance Festival, Kajuraho Dance Festival, Konark Dance Festival, Purana Quila, Chennai Seasonal Dance Festival, Chidambaram Dance Festival, Vishwa Kannada Sammelan at Belgaum, Andhra Music & Dance Festival etc. She has received much critical acclaim for both her solo and group choreography. Presently Raju is working as an assistant dance teacher at Bangalore Tamil Sangam and as a guest lecturer in dance at the International Center for Management & Indian Studies where the foreign students trained to improvise Indian culture. She is an auditioned artiste at the Bangalore Doordarshan and an empanelled artiste for the Indian Council for Cultural Relations. She also heads a dance institution named Nrithya Dhama, where she trains kids from minority backgrounds, and is also associated with the Freedom Foundation, a volunteer group that rehabilitates children with HIV. Raju has participated at the Tanjore Dance Festival where 1000 dancers performed, securing entrance in the Limca Book of Records. She has been honoured by the Bangolre Tamil sangam as the Best Young Dancer to promote Indian Art. She has also been given the title Swarna Mukhi by the Kalahalli Temple Trust.

## Awards and credentials

* Ustad Bismillah Khan 2020 - Central Sangeet Natak Academy( overall contribution to performing arts )
* Kalayogi from Bangalore ICCR - 2018
* Krishna Gana Sabha Endowment Award by Krishna Gana Sabha - 2016
* Yuva Kala Prathibha by Bangalore Club for Kathakali and The Arts - 2014
* Abhinava Bharathi - 2013
* Yuva Kala Bharathi by Bharat Kalachar - 2013
* Natya Veda Award by Natraj Dance Academy - 2013
* Nrithya Kaumudhi title by Government of Andhra Pradesh - 2012
* Nrithya Vibhushan by Bogadi Murthy - 2012
* Nrithya Rejini title by Kannur Arts Academy - 2011
* Swara Mukhi title by Kalhalli Temple Trust - 2010
* Best Young Dancer by Bangalore Tamil Sangam - 2009
# Ladakh Chale Rickshawala

Ladakh Chale Rickshawala is a 64-minute Indian film helmed by Indrani Chakraborty about Satyen Das' exploration of Ladakh from Kolkata on his rickshaw, a three-wheeled passenger cart. The documentary drama was released in February 2019. Music directed by Amit Bose and Yash Gupta.

## Synopsis

In 2014, Satyen Das, a 44-year old rickshaw puller from Kolkata, India undertook the 65-day long 3,000 km long journey from Kolkata to Ladakh on his three-wheeled passenger cart. Das traveled through Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Kargil and Srinagar to reach Ladakh.

## Awards

* 2018: Best Exploration / Adventure Film, National Film Awards
# Lillian von Kauffmann

Lillian von Kauffmann née Salomonsen (1920–2016) was a successful Danish businesswoman and property owner. She became outstandingly rich thanks to the shares in De Danske Cichoriefabriker she inherited from her father and her acquisition of the companies her sister had managed until her early death. Married three times, her third husband Ernst von Kauffmann supported her business interests until his death in 1974. She is remembered for her sometime ownership of the Basnæs Estate and of Copenhagen's Palace Hotel. Von Kauffmann later bought luxury hotels in Vevey, Switzerland, where she died in the Hotel des Trois Couronnes in December 2016.

## Biography

Born in Nice, France, on 18 December 1920, Elly Lillian Carl Salomonsen was the daughter of the businessman Carl Harry Otto Salomonsen (1876–1942) and his wife Paula Frederikke née Weimann. She married three times, first in December 1942 with the stockbroker Helge Bendix until 1948 when the marriage was dissolved, second in June 1948 with the engineer and business executive Sigurd Gjerdsøe who died in a traffic accident in 1949, and third in July 1950 with the bank director Ernst von Kauffmann (1887–1974).
When her father died in 1942, Lillian von Kauffmann and her sister Erna inherited her father's business interests as well as the Basnæs Estate. When Erna died in a traffic accident in 1952, Lillian acquired ownership. The estate had been a favourite of Hans Christian Andersen who visited it some 37 times, After her sister's death, she also acquired ownership of companies including Det Danske Mælke-Compagni, Dansk Delikatesse Kompagni (Dadeko) and the property company Gorm.
In July 1950, she married Ernst von Kauffmann who left his post as director of Kjøbenhavns Handelsbank in order to help his wife manage her business interests. In 1964, Lillian von Kauffmann bought the Palace Hotel in Copenhagen, where she lived for a period with her 13 children. She ran the city's leading dance restaurant, the Ambassadeur, which closed in 1974. Her husband died in 1975.
In 1977, she sold Dadeko and in 1979, the Palace Hotel. She moved to Vevey in Switzerland where she bought two luxury hotels. She died there in the Hotel des Trois Couronnes on 12 December 2016.

## Personal life

Lillian von Kauffmann had 13 children, two with Ceprilli Gamél, one with Sigurd Gjersøe and 10 with Ernst von Kauffmann who also brought one child of his own into the family.
# Matías Castro

Matías Castro may refer to:
* Matías Castro (footballer, born 1987), Uruguayan football goalkeeper for Temperley
* Matías Castro (footballer, born 1991), Argentine football striker for Montevideo Wanderers
# Autosticha demetrias

Autosticha demetrias is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1908. It is found in Sri Lanka.
The wingspan is 13–16 mm. The forewings are deep ochreous yellow or yellow ochreous, with some scattered blackish scales, sometimes considerably mixed and suffused with brown. There is a blackish dot on the base of the costa. The stigmata are moderate and blackish, the plical somewhat obliquely before the first discal and there is a short rather inwardly oblique blackish streak from the dorsum beneath the second discal, as well as an almost marginal row of blackish dots, sometimes rather large, along the posterior half of the costa and termen. The hindwings are grey, varying in intensity.
# Hoopes process

The Hoopes process is a metallurgical process, used to obtain aluminium metal of very high purity (about 99.99% pure). The process was patented by William Hoopes, a chemist of the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA), in 1925.

## Introduction

It is a method used to obtain aluminium of very high purity. The metal obtained in the Hall–Héroult process is about 99.5% pure, and for most purposes it is taken as pure metal. However, further purification of aluminium can be carried out by the Hoopes process. This is an electrolytic process.

## The process

The cell used in this process consists of an iron tank lined with carbon at the bottom. A molten alloy of copper, crude aluminium and silicon is used as the anode. It forms the lowermost layer in the cell. The middle layer consists of molten mixture of fluorides of sodium, aluminium and barium (cryolite + BaF$_2$). The uppermost layer consists of molten aluminium. A set of graphite rods dipped in molten aluminium serve as the cathode. During electrolysis, Al$^{3+}$ ions from the middle layer migrate to the upper layer, where they are reduced to aluminum by gaining 3 electrons. Equal numbers of Al$^{3+}$ ions are produced in the lower layer. These ions migrate to the middle layer. Pure aluminium is tapped off from time to time. The Hoopes process gives about 99.99% pure aluminium.
# Zavala County Sentinel

The Zavala County Sentinel is a weekly local newspaper circulated throughout Zavala County, Texas and part of Uvalde County, Texas. The Crystal City-based newspaper was founded by J. H. Hardy in La Pryor, Texas, and began operations in May 1913. The newspaper circulates through Crystal City, Uvalde, Batesville, and La Pryor.

## Origin

John Hatcher Hardy established the newspaper in La Pryor, Texas in May 1913. In July 1926, the paper moved to Crystal City, Texas. In 1954, the newspaper was purchased by Dale Barker. In 2000, the paper was purchased by Amelia and Tomas Aguilar from the Barker family. In 2010, the newspaper was owned by Rick Sanchez and Jerry Mata until 2018. The paper is currently under the ownership of Annie Lee Amescua, Nelly Fernandez and Juan Fernandez.
# Shuangshu Church

Shuangshu Church (双树教堂) also known as Our Lady of the Rosary Church (玫瑰圣母堂) is a Catholic church located in Wuqing District in Tianjin, China.

## History

It was first built in 1867. Its original design was unique among Catholic churches, as its interior was designed in the form of a Chinese 人 (ren) character with the altar at the top point. This was done by the missionaries who took into account the local cultural beliefs that held men and women should be separate. Therefore, the church was designed so that the men sat on one branch and the women sat on the other, while the priest at the altar (at the intersection of the branches) said mass for both and gave the sacraments to both.
This church formerly belonged to the archdiocese of Beijing and its predecessor, the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Chi-Li.
As a result of an increase in Catholics, the church was rebuilt in 1932. The church did not survive the Cultural Revolution; by 1976 its structure was completely removed and the land was taken over by the local government.
Beginning in 1984, local Catholics began organizing and calling for the property to be returned to the church. The government returned the land in 2004-2005 and construction for a new church was carried out from 2009 to 2010. The church was then opened for mass.
# Snell's window

Snell's window (also called Snell's circle or optical man-hole) is a phenomenon by which an underwater viewer sees everything above the surface through a cone of light of width of about 96 degrees. This phenomenon is caused by refraction of light entering water, and is governed by Snell's Law. The area outside Snell's window will either be completely dark or show a reflection of underwater objects by total internal reflection.
Underwater photographers sometimes compose photographs from below such that their subjects fall inside Snell's window, which backlights and focuses attention on the subjects.

## Image formation

Under ideal conditions, an observer looking up at the water surface from underneath sees a perfectly circular image of the entire above-water hemisphere—from horizon to horizon. Due to refraction at the air/water boundary, Snell's window compresses a 180° angle of view above water to a 97° angle of view below water, similar to the effect of a fisheye lens. The brightness of this image falls off to nothing at the circumference/horizon because more of the incident light at low grazing angles is reflected rather than refracted (see Fresnel equations). Refraction is very sensitive to any irregularities in the flatness of the surface (such as ripples or waves), which will cause local distortions or complete disintegration of the image. Turbidity in the water will veil the image behind a cloud of scattered light.
# Grant Park (Portland, Oregon)

Grant Park is a park in Portland, Oregon's neighborhood of the same name.

## History

The park, honoring eponymous President (and former resident of Vancouver, Washington) Ulysses S. Grant, was acquired by the city in 1922. The park is contiguous with the grounds of Grant High School, and is 19.9 acres in size. Amenities include a large playground, dog park, athletic fields, walking paths, picnic facilities and tennis courts. There is also a swimming pool inside of Grant Park.

## Beverly Cleary Sculpture Garden for Children

The Beverly Cleary Sculpture Garden for Children was dedicated in the park on October 13, 1995. Funded by donations from Cleary fans, the park was built by the Friends of Henry and Ramona. It includes life-sized renditions by local sculptor Lee Hunt of three Cleary characters: Ramona Quimby, Henry Huggins, and Ribsy (Henry's dog). The life-sized sculptures were created using vintage clothes on wax models to create a realistic feel. The sculpture of Ramona is dressed in raincoat and boots, with a joyous expression, and is positioned such that she splashes in the garden's fountain. Granite tiles placed around the sculptures are inscribed with quotes from Cleary's most famous books.
The statues were vandalized in 2017 and 2022.
# Guler

Guler may refer to:
* Guler State, a former princely state in India
** Guler paintings
* Haripur Guler, a town in India, former capital of Guler State
* Guler, a former parliamentary constituency in Himachal Pradesh, now Jawali, Himachal Pradesh
* Güler (disambiguation), a Turkish name
# Lilliana Owens

Lilliana M. Owens, S.L. (May 13, 1898 - September 27, 1992) was an American historian, writer, educator and Catholic nun. She was known for her historical writing and her Catholic comic books.

## Biography

Owens was born in St. Paul, Minnesota on May 13, 1898. She attended St. Francis High School in St. Paul, Kansas. She went on to become a Sister of Loretto on December 8, 1917. Owens earned a bachelor's degree from Loretto Heights College and a master's degree from St. Louis University. Later, she received a doctorate in history from the St. Louis University. She worked at the Immaculate Conception High School in East Las Vegas, New Mexico in the 1940s. In the 1950s, she was working as a librarian for Loretto Academy in the Bennett Library. She also worked as an associate editor for Revista Católica.
Owens died at the Loretto Mother House Infirmary in Nerinx, Kentucky on September 27, 1992.

## Writing

Owens began writing Catholic comic books in the 1940s. Her comic, Nerinckx and the Sisters of Loretto at the Foot of the Cross, published by Topix comics in 1947, was successful enough to lead to the production of more comics about the Sisters of Loretto. In 1948, Topix also published her story about the Sisters of Loretto and the Louisville flood of 1937, and also published Loretto, the Monument of Nerinck.
In the early 1950s, Owens worked on a collection of volumes about Catholic scholars in the Southwest United States called "Jesuit Studies--Southwest." The volume on Bishop Anthony J. Schuler was considered by New Mexico Historical Review to be well researched. The book was also lauded by Cardinal Eugène Tisserant.
Owens published Loretto in Missouri in 1965, which is a history of the Sisters of Loretto in the state and was her eleventh historical piece of nonfiction.

## Selected bibliography

* Nerinckx and the Sisters of Loretto at the Foot of the Cross (PDF). Topix. 1947.
* Sister Mary Nerinckx and the Blessed Sacrament (PDF). Topix. 1948.
* Jesuit Beginnings in New Mexico, 1867-1882. Revista Catholica Press. 1950. OCLC 655868916.
* Reverend Carlos M. Pinto, S.J.: Apostle of El Paso, 1892-1919. Revista Catholica Press. 1951. OCLC 3122959.
* Most Rev. Anthony J. Schuler, First Bishop of El Paso, and Some Catholic Activities in the Diocese Between 1915-1942. Revista Catolica Press. 1953. OCLC 2650717.
* Loretto in Missouri. B. Herder. 1965. OCLC 2848144.
* Loretto on the Old Frontier, 1823-1864. Khoury Bros., Inc. 1965. OCLC 6216574.