OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Memphis, Clarksville and Louisville Railroad

The Memphis, Clarksville and Louisville Railroad (MC&L) was a railway in the southern United States. It was chartered in Tennessee in 1852, and opened in 1859. The MC&L entered receivership after the American Civil War, and financial troubles led to an 11-day strike in 1868 that ended when Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N) leased the line. L&N finally purchased the MC&L in 1871 and operated it as its Memphis Branch. L&N was merged into CSX, and CSX sold the former MC&L line to R.J. Corman Railroad Group in 1987, becoming that company's Memphis Line.

## History

The company received its original charter on January 28, 1852, and amended its charter in 1854 to merge with the Nashville and Memphis Railroad and to build a line from Memphis through Clarksville to the state border in the direction of Bowling Green, Kentucky. Construction began in Fall 1854. In 1855 the charter was amended to allow it to build into Kentucky to a point on the Tennessee River to connect with the Memphis and Ohio Railroad. After construction had begun, William Andrew Quarles was appointed president, succeeding William B. Munford.
The first train operated between Clarksville and Guthrie, Kentucky, on October 1, 1859, becoming the first railroad to operate in Clarksville. The line's extension to Bowling Green was completed on September 16, 1860, with the first regular train operating through to Bowling Green on September 24. A ceremonial first train was operated on September 18, including a symbolic handshake between William Quarles and James Guthrie of the L&N at the Kentucky/Tennessee state line. The 83-mile (134 km) line of 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge track connected with the Memphis and Ohio Railroad and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N) between Memphis and Louisville. In Louisville, the railroad used the L&N Depot as the terminal for its passenger trains, and provided connections through to New Orleans via Humboldt, Tennessee.
Its line was heavily damaged during the American Civil War, and the MC&L entered receivership in July 1865 under George T. Lewis. Assistance to restore the line to service was offered by the L&N, which was declined by the MC&L. The line was restored soon after the war, reopening on August 13, 1866. Heavy rain again caused disruption in December 1866 through a landslide near Clarksville. In 1868 the railroad was bankrupt and could not pay its wages; this led to an 11-day strike in February, during which time through trains from Memphis to Louisville were routed on competing lines via Nashville and McKenzie. The strike ended when the L&N leased the line on February 17. The railroad was dissolved on September 30, 1871, then purchased by the L&N. Although the L&N's purchase was effective as of October 1, 1871, the company's accounting was kept separate until October 1872. L&N operated the line as its Memphis Branch, but saw declining traffic through the early 20th century, with the last passenger train serving Clarksville in February 1968. L&N was merged into CSX, and CSX sold the former MC&L line to R.J. Corman Railroad Group in 1987, becoming that company's Memphis Line.
# Frank Cousins (British politician)

Frank Cousins PC (8 September 1904 – 11 June 1986) was a British trade union leader and Labour politician.
He was born in Bulwell, Nottinghamshire. His father was a miner and Frank followed him into this industry in 1918, joining the Yorkshire Miners' Association. However after five years he became a lorry driver, originally driving coal, and then in 1931 as a long-distance lorry driver, transporting meat between Scotland and London. He became a member of the road transport section of the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU), of which he became a full-time official in Doncaster in July 1938. He was appointed National Secretary of Road Transport (Commercial) Group in October 1948, contested the TGWU Assistant General Secretaryship in 1948 and 1955, securing the position on the latter attempt. He was also elected to the Labour Party's National Executive Committee the same year, but resigned in March 1956.
Cousins was appointed acting General Secretary of the TGWU in February 1956, due to poor health on the part of Jock Tiffin. He was elected General Secretary in May 1956, following Tiffin's death, and held the position until 1969. From 1956 to 1969, he was a member of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress and was President of the International Transport Workers' Federation from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1964.
Cousins played a significant role in helping Harold Wilson become leader of the Labour Party and served in Wilson's cabinet as Minister of Technology after the October 1964 general election. Cousins carried little influence in Wilson's cabinet and resigned on 11 June 1966 to protest against a Government-backed law freezing incomes and prices. Although his appointment as a Minister was notable as he is only one of two recent Ministers (the other being Patrick Gordon-Walker) who was appointed to the role without being either a Member of Parliament or a member of the House of Lords. He was also made a Privy Counsellor in 1964.
He was elected Member of Parliament for Nuneaton at a by-election in January 1965, was re-elected in the March 1966 general election and resigned in December 1966. During this period Harry Nicholas took over as acting general secretary of the TGWU.

## Personal life

He married Annie Judd in December 1930; the couple had four children: John, Brenda, Michael and Frances.
Frank Cousins sat for sculptor Alan Thornhill for a portrait in clay. The correspondence file relating to the Frank Cousins bust is held in the archive of the Henry Moore Foundation's Henry Moore Institute in Leeds and the terracotta remains in the collection of the artist.
# Gravitar (band)

Gravitar were an American noise rock band formed in Detroit, Michigan, United States, formed in 1992 by Eric Cook, Harry Richardson and Geoff Walker. In 1995, Richardson parted ways with the band and was replaced by Michael J. Walker, Geoff's brother. Aside from heavy metal and psychedelic acts such as Black Sabbath and Blue Cheer, Gravitar's music is strongly influenced by experimental music, jazz, and is mostly improvisational.

## History

Gravitar's roots can be traced back to the band Stinkeye, a band from Mt. Pleasant featuring Eric Cook and Harold Richardson. Both Geoff Walker and Richardson purchased music at Schoolkids Records in Ann Arbor and eventually formed a bond over their eccentric musical tastes. Harold Richardson chose the name Gravitar as a name for the newly formed band. Cook, who was unaware of the Atari videogame, liked the name because it had a sense of weight and thickness. The band's debut album Chinga su Corazon, which in Spanish means "fuck your heart", was released in 1993 through Charnel Music.

## Discography

* Chinga su Corazon (1994)
* Gravitaativarravitar (1995)
* Now the Road of Knives (1997)
* You Must First Learn to Draw the Real (1999)
* Edifier (2001)
* Freedom's Just Another Word for Never Getting Paid (2001)
# Drogo, bishop of Thérouanne

Drogo was bishop of Thérouanne from 1030 to 1078. Very little is known about his early life, except that he was a cleric from Amiens and a monk from Saint Bertin, where he learned music from Enguerrand, abbot of St. Riquier. At the beginning of his episcopate, he was in conflict with Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, who ousted him in 1030, probably in the context of his conflict with his son, Baldwin V. By 1032 he was back at his siege, and from 1035 he frequently appeared alongside the younger Baldwin. In 1036 he substituted for bishop Fulk of Amiens at the elevation of the relics of St. Adalard at Corbie. He was a participant of the Council of Reims in 1049, where he made count Baldwin sign a "Peace of God" agreement, promising to respect merchants, clerics, women and church assets. In 1052, he performed the elevation of St. Omer and St. Bertin. During his episcopate, at least five new religious houses were founded, and all of them received privileges from him: a nunnery at Mesen, canonries at Voormezele, Ardres and Zonnebeke, and a priory for canons regular at Watten.
At the council of Poitiers, in 1078, he was interdicted by Hugh of Die, the legate of Pope Gregory VII. While the latter was very angered by this decision, which he thought too harsh, Drogo died the same year (on 21 August) while still interdicted, even after the intercession of archbishop Manasses I of Reims.
# Fuzhen

Fuzhen (符珍; died 1909), also known as Ruiyu, born of the Manchu Guwalgiya clan, was a noble of the Qing dynasty. Upon marrying the Xianfeng Emperor's daughter Gurun Princess Rong'an, he was granted the title of Prince Consort (額駙).
He was a member of the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Qing dynasty's Eight Banners, and a direct descendant of Fiongdon (費英東), who served under the Qing dynasty's founder Nurhaci. Fuzhen held the hereditary title of First Class Duke Xiongyong (一等雄勇公).
# Dogwood Heights, Tennessee

Dogwood Heights is an unincorporated community located in Wayne County, Tennessee.
# Zurab Kipshidze

Zurab Kipshidze (Georgian: ზურაბ ყიფშიძე; 10 Aug 1953) is a Georgian film and theatre actor. He appeared in 58 films between 1966 and 2009. In 2013 he was a member of the jury at the 35th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Filmography
### As actor

* Rac Am Kvekhnad Siyvaruli Mephobs (TV Movie) (2013)
* Midioda matarebeli (2005)
* Kidev erti qartuli istoria (2003)
* Antimoz iverieli (2001)
* Misterii (2000)
* Samotkhe chveni qalaqis quchebshi (TV Movie) (2000)
* Dzvirpaso M (TV Movie) (1999)
* Martoobis ordenis kavaleri (1999)
* Time of a Dancer (1998)
* Qaragma (TV Movie) (1997)
* Orpeosis sikvdili (1996)
* Tsarsulis achrdilebi (1995)
* Chakluli suli (1994)
* Expres-Inpormatsia (1994)
* Anas dabadebis dge (TV Movie) (1992)
* Bediani (TV Movie) (1992)
* Oqros oboba (TV Series) (1992)
* Amkhanag Stalinis mogzauroba aprikashi (1991)
* Alka (1990)
* Kedeli (1990)
* Giga, Angel, Snezhok i drugie (1989)
* Martokhela monadire (1989)
* Tsodvis shvilebi (TV Movie) (1989)
* Bravo, Alber Lolish (1987)
* Elisa da Rarus tavgadasavali (1987)
* Argonavtebi (TV Movie) (1986)
* Bagrationi (1985)
* The Legend of Suram Fortress (1985)
* Arsenas Leksi (TV Movie) (1985)
* Neilonis nadzvis khe (1985)
* Voyage of the Young Composer (1985)
* Krosvordis amokhsnis mokvarultatvsis (1981)
* Gza shinisaken (1981)
* Tsinaparta mitsa (1981)
* Matsi Khvitia (1966)
* Tsutisopeli (1971)
# Andreas Wechelus

Andreas Wechelus (fr. André Wechel, died 1581) was a printer and bookseller active in Paris from 1554 to 1573 and in Frankfurt from 1573 to 1581.

## Biography

In 1554, Andreas Wechelus took over the printing office of his father, Chrétien Wechel, on Saint-Jean-de-Beauvais Street. He continued the editorial work initiated by his father and printed texts in Greek, notably the works of Xenophon and Lucian), as well as those of humanists like Jean-Antoine de Baïf and Pierre de Ronsard.
In all likelihood, Wechelus was a supporter of the Reformation, but his friends were German Lutherans, rather than French Calvinists. Nonetheless, he printed the works of Petrus Ramus and Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon.
In 1572, Wechelus escaped the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre thanks to his tenant Hubert Languet, a representative of Augustus, Elector of Saxony. Not long after, Wechelus left Paris for Frankfurt, where he died in 1581.

## Books edited and printed

* Pierre de La Ramée. Arithmeticae libri tres. 1555.
* Jean-Antoine de Baïf. Chant de joie du jour des espousailles de François, roi daufin, et de Marie, roine d'Écosse. 1558.
* Pierre Ronsard. La paix. 1559.
* Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon. Responce par le chevalier de Villegaignon aux Remonstrances faictes à la royne mère du roy. 1561.
* Jacques Androuet du Cerceau. Le second livre d'architecture. 1561. .
* Jacques Grévin. Les portraicts anatomiques de toutes les parties du corps humain. 1569.
* Anton Schneeberger. Medicamentorum facile parabilium adversus omnis generis articulorum dolores enumeratio. Frankfurt, 1581.
# Ewa Petelska

Ewa Petelska (24 December 1920 – 20 August 2013) was a Polish film director and screenwriter. She directed 26 films between 1951 and 1985. Her 1963 film Black Wings (Czarne skrzydła) was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize. Her 1973 film Copernicus (Kopernik) was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver Prize.
She often collaborated with her husband, Czesław Petelski.

## Selected filmography

* Ogniomistrz Kaleń (1961)
* Black Wings (1963)
* Tortura nadziei (1967)
* Kwestia sumienia (1967)
* Copernicus (1973)
* Kazimierz Wielki (1976)
# Gravitarmata margarotana

Gravitarmata margarotana, the pine cone tortrix or pine twig moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. In Europe, it is found from England to Austria and Poland, east to the Baltic region to Russia, China (Shanxi, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu), Korea and Japan.
The wingspan is 14–18 mm. Adults are on wing from April to May in Europe. There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Pinus, Abies and possibly also on Picea species. It feeds in twigs and cones of the food plants.
# Down Among the Dead Men (band)

Down Among the Dead Men is a Swedish/Danish death metal band. Formed by lead vocalist Dave Ingram (Benediction, ex-Bolt Thrower, ex-Hail of Bullets) and guitarist Rogga Johansson (Paganizer, Ribspreader, Revolting, etc.). Their musical style has been specified as "crust-riddled punk with a definite death metal edge".

## Band members
### Current members

* Dave Ingram - vocals (2013–present)
* Rogga Johansson - guitar, bass (2013–present)
* Dennis Blomberg - guitar (2013–present)

### Former members

* Brynjar Helgetun - drums (2013)

### Tour members

* Matthias Fiebig - drums (2013–present)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Down Among the Dead Men (2013)
* Exterminate! Annihilate! Destroy! (2015)
* …And You Will Obey Me (2018)
# BSGS

The initialism BSGS has two meanings, both related to group theory in mathematics:
* Baby-step giant-step, an algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem
* The combination of a base and strong generating set (SGS) for a permutation group
# Sweet Georgia Brown's

Sweet Georgia Brown's was a piano bar in Savannah, Georgia. Located at 312 West St. Julian Street, on Franklin Square in Savannah's City Market, the bar was co-owned by musicians Joe Odom and Nancy Hillis, real-life characters in John Berendt's book Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1994). "For over two years, it was the place everyone wanted to be in Savannah and everyone partied there until the wee hours," said Kathryn Gifford, a Savannah tour guide in 1997. Emma Kelly, dubbed the "Lady of 6,000 Songs" by Johnny Mercer, regularly played at the bar.
The bar was named for "Sweet Georgia Brown", a song released in 1925 by Ben Bernie and Maceo Pinkard, with lyrics by Kenneth Casey.
A branch of Savannah's Candy Kitchen occupies the bar's former location today.
# Androids of Mu

Androids of Mu was an English all-female anarcho-punk/post-punk band based in London, active from 1979 to 1983. They were part of a West London squatland scene, alongside bands such as the Poison Girls, Zounds, The Mob and The Astronauts.

## History

Emerging from associations with the hippy-orientated Here & Now, Nik Turner, Gong's Daevid Allen and Gilli Smyth, the Androids of Mu formed out of the Frestonia squatter community in Notting Hill Gate, West London, notable in its time for producing non-conformist music.
The band's driving force was vocalist Suze da Blooze (11 February 1950 – 19 August 2007). She shared lead vocals with Corrina, and wrote much of the band's material. They released one album, Blood Robots, recorded by F*** Off Records label-head Keith Dobson (Kif Kif le Batteur) in his Street Level studio.
The Androids were well received by the music press of the day. Robbi Millar in Sounds described the album as "Android genius" and likened the band to The Slits, praising their "simple songs, played with limited but adventurous ability, sung with voices that scream and holler with the mispitched intensity of early Raincoats".
From proto-punk and post-punk beginnings, the band soon became associated with the anarcho-punk scene. Crass invited the Androids to record for their label on condition that they recruited a "proper" drummer, but the band declined the invitation. Newcastle anarcho-punk band Blood Robots named themselves after Androids of Mu's only album.
In 2013, Blood Robots was reissued on vinyl by Water Wing Records.

## Line-up

The band's line-up was: Suze da Blooze (vocals), Corrina (guitar, vocals), Cozmic (drums, synth, vocals) and Bess (bass, vocals). The second incarnation featured drummer Graham Cronin and guitarist Deborah Thomas.

## Discography

* Androids of Mu demo EP (1979, cassette, F*** Off Records)
* Blood Robots (1980, LP, F*** Off Records FLP 001)

### Compilation/guest appearances

* Suze da Blooze features on Floating Anarchy Live 1977, a live album by Planet Gong (1978, Celluloid LTM 1002 [LP])
* "Bored Housewives" on Making Waves (1981, LP, Girlfriend Records)
* "Every Time I Hear the Spirit" / "Pretty Nun" / "Ride Me Easy Rider" on Slightly Weirdsville (1981, cassette, F*** Off Records)
* "Vampire Feast" on Music For Pressure (1981, cassette, F*** Off Records)
* "Cityscape" / "Jungle Beast" on Folk In Hell (1982, cassette, F*** Off Records)
* "Who Cares?" / "Atomic Explosion" / "White City" / "Seven Cities" / "Bored Housewives" / "Android Jam" on A Tribute to Bert Weedon (1982, cassette, Weird Tales)
# Megaulacobothrus latipennis

Megaulacobothrus latipennis is a species of grasshopper classified under the subfamily Gomphocerinae, recorded from Japan, Korea and Taiwan. The scientific name of this species was published for the first time in 1898 by Bolívar.
# World Saxophone Quartet: Plays Duke Ellington

Plays Duke Ellington is an album by the jazz group the World Saxophone Quartet, released in 1986.
The album marked a departure for the quartet, as their first six albums had been of music written by the four musicians themselves; this was their first venture into jazz standards.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
In a 5-star review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow wrote: "Although the tunes... are familiar, the interpretations are certainly unusual, showing respect for the original melodies and then coming up with new directions. This is thought-provoking music that serves as the perfect introduction to the unique World Saxophone Quartet."
Critic Robert Christgau stated: "I admire the way the quartet format suggests sonorous magnificence without deploying an embarrassment of riches in its service. Barely touched by deconstructive anarchy, these homages constitute the richest, mellowest music ever recorded by a group whose accomplishment has always been tarnished by a certain theoretical veneer."
The authors of the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings wrote that the album "marks a gentle, middle-market turn that did the group no harm at all... The sound is better than usual, with no congestion round about the middle, as on some of the earlier sets."
Writing for The Washington Post, Mike Joyce commented: "Not only is this the band's most accessible album... but it's also the group's crowning glory -- a deeply felt and strikingly original homage to Ellington's genius... It's also hard to imagine Ellington... not being pleased with these results."

## Track listing

* "Take the 'A' Train" (Strayhorn) – 1:33
* "Lush Life" (Strayhorn) – 6:30
* "Prelude to a Kiss" (Ellington–Gordon–Mills) – 2:43
* "Sophisticated Lady" (Ellington–Mills–Parish) – 4:41
* "I Let a Song Go Out of My Heart" (Ellington–Mills–Nemo) – 6:02
* "Come Sunday" (Ellington) – 7:36
* "In a Sentimental Mood" (Ellington–Kurtz–Mills) – 5:16
* "Take the 'A' Train" (Strayhorn) – 4:55

## Personnel

* Hamiet Bluiett – baritone saxophone
* Julius Hemphill – alto saxophone
* Oliver Lake – alto saxophone
* David Murray – tenor saxophone
# Lash of the Whip

Lash of the Whip is an American silent Western film released in 1924. It was written and directed by Francis Ford. The film is set in a remote town and features a ferry captain trying to keep a railroad executive and the woman accompanying him from surveying a route. A whip wielding hero repeatedly comes to their aid. The film is viewable at the Library of Congress website.
It was the first in a series of four films by the Arrow Film Corporation.
The film features rocky cliffs, desert scenery, a scenic town, and 1920s era autos as well as fisticuffs and horseback riding.

## Cast

* Ashton Dearholt as "Pinto" Pete
* Harry Dunkinson as His Sidekick
* Florence Gilbert as Florence
* Francis Ford as "Hurricane" Smith
* Frank Baker as Frank Blake
# Takamuko no Kuromaro

Takamuko no Kuromaro (高向 玄理, died 654) was a Japanese scholar and diplomat of the Asuka period.
Karumauro traveled to China with Ono no Imoko as kenzuishi representing Empress Suiko in 608. He remained in China for thirty-two years. Following his return in 640, he was awarded the title Kuni no hakase (国博士, "National Scholar"). Karumauro helped write the Taika Reforms in 645. He was sent again as an ambassador to China (kentōshi). Takamuko died upon his arrival in Chang'an in 654.