OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spurion

In theoretical physics, a spurion is a fictitious, auxiliary field in a quantum field theory that can be used to parameterize any symmetry breaking and to determine all operators invariant under the symmetry.
The procedure begins with finding a parameter that measures the amount of symmetry breaking. This parameter is promoted to a field, i.e. to a function of the spacetime coordinates. With this new fictitious field, operators that are invariant under the symmetry may be found by the usual group-theoretical considerations.
The list of operators found in this way is complete as long as all sources of the breaking are included. The operators in the actual theory are ultimately found by setting the spurious field equal to the constant value of the parameter.

## Applications

In the theory of pions, physics often uses the chiral perturbation theory. Here, the relevant symmetry is the isospin SU(2) symmetry. It is broken by the different masses of u and d quarks as well as by their different charges. The chiral Lagrangian may be extended to an exactly SU(2)-symmetric Lagrangian by promoting these parameters (mass and charge) to fields that break the symmetry spontaneously. Calculations of observables to higher orders may be done with the spurion fields. The final result, at any order of accuracy, is obtained by substituting the right masses and charges.
In the standard electroweak theory, the spurion is replaced by an actual field, the Higgs boson. However, in alternative theories of electroweak symmetry breaking, e.g. those based on Technicolor, the spurion techniques are important to derive the physical predictions.
* This quantum mechanics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Zektor

Zektor is a multidirectional shooter arcade video game created by Sega Electronics and released in 1982. It challenges the player to pilot a space ship in a quest to recapture eight different cities that have been captured by alien robots. The robots' dialogue is spoken through speech synthesis.

## Gameplay

There are eight cities to reclaim in Zektor. The robots personally name their conquered city in the level's opening challenge to the player.
The Defense grid is a zone outside the city where the player must take on dangerous Roboprobes that are highly maneuverable and fire "Zizzers" (energy blasts) at the player as well as moving Moboids that either destroy the player's ship on contact or deflect the player's ship in some preprogrammed manner. The defense grid lasts for three attack waves which must be outlasted to advance to the next challenge: the destruction of the Robot overlord that controls the city.
Destroying the Robot
With the three attack waves of the Defense Grid overcome, the player gets to destroy the robot overlord and free the city. The Robot in question starts at the center of the screen behind three rotating barriers. Each barrier has a slot on one of its sides and when all three align they form a channel in which the player can fire through and thus hit and destroy the Robot head inside. To make things more challenging the Robot fires "Zizzers" constantly at the player and the Robot shrinks inside the barrier system so that only anything but a direct hit dead center will ensure success. Destroying the robot not only saves the city but awards the player with an extra ship. When the Robot shrinks completely from sight the round is over and the player is moved to the next city. Once the player reaches the eighth city this wave will repeat indefinitely.

## Legacy

Zektor is included as an unlockable game in the PlayStation 2 version of Sega Genesis Collection.
# Etolin Island

Etolin Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska, United States at 56°05′52″N 132°21′37″W﻿ / ﻿56.09778°N 132.36028°W﻿ / 56.09778; -132.36028. It is between Prince of Wales Island, to its west, and the Alaska mainland, to its east. It is southwest of Wrangell Island. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791-95 expedition. He only charted its southwest and east coasts, not realizing it was an island. It was originally named Duke of York Island but was renamed by the United States after the Alaska Purchase. It is named after Adolf Etolin, governor of the Russian American colonies from 1840 to 1845.
The island is 30 mi (48 km) long and 10–22 miles (16–35 km) wide, with a land area of 339.03 sq mi (878.08 km$^2$), making it the 24th largest island in the United States. As of the 2000 census, Etolin had a population of 15 persons.
It contains a population of introduced elk. The entire island lies within the boundaries of Tongass National Forest. The southern part of the island has been officially designated the South Etolin Wilderness.
The Etolin Canoe is a historic dugout canoe, found unfinished on the island, which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
# Hibernia Freed

Hibernia Freed is a 1722 tragedy by the writer William Phillips. It is set during the ninth century during the Viking Invasion of Ireland. It was part of a growing Anglo-Irish interest in traditional Irish history, and part of a tendency to switch tragedy from Ancient Rome or Greece to more native settings.
It has similarities with Charles Shadwell's Rotherick O'Connor, King of Connaught (1719) but whereas that was a Whig-supporting play, Phillips was a Tory with Jacobite leanings. Shadwell portrayed the Norman Invasion of Ireland in a positive light, drawing parallels to William III's more recent victory there while Phillips portrays the Irish justly defending their country against Viking tyranny. He dedicated the play to Henry O'Brien, Earl of Thomond an Irish aristocrat of Gaelic background.
The original Lincoln Inn's Field cast consisted of Anthony Boheme as O'Brien, Lacy Ryan as O'Neill, Charles Hulet as Herimon, John Egleton as O'Connor, Thomas Rogers as Eugenius, James Quin as Tergesius, Thomas Walker as Erric, Anna Maria Seymour as Sabina, Jane Rogers as Agnes.

## Plot

Besieged on the Hill of Tara by the invading Viking king Tergesius, the King of Ireland O'Brien waits for help from the Ulster leader O'Neill.
# Gost Radin

Radin (Serbian Cyrillic: Радин), known under his full name, Radin Butković, was a Bosnian nobleman and magnate, who also served as gost, a high ranking prelate of the Bosnian Church during the 15th century in medieval Bosnia.
As his vernacular name suggests, Radin was a local cleric elected by the Bosnians themselves. He was probably born around 1400 in Seonica, village in medieval župa and the settlement Neretva, today the town of Konjic in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
As a high-ranking clergyman of the Bosnian Church, he was also politically savvy, so he distinguished himself as a diplomat and ambassador. Medieval sources mentioned him for the first time in a document dated from 1422 in a rank of a krstjanin (lowest rank in the Bosnian Church clergy) when he engaged in negotiations with the people of Ragusa representing the duke Radosav Pavlović. He was also mentioned as a starac (mid-ranked prelate, loosely transl. elder) in 1437, and as a gost (high-ranking prelate, transl. loosely as bishop – transl. literal as guest) in 1447 while he served at the court of the Grand Duke of Bosnia, Stjepan Vukčić, whom he advised in the capacity of a court chancellor and a court court chaplain until the end of duke's life in 1466, just year before his own death. Apart from Seonica, as the place where he was born and which was the seat of his clan, Radin also resided in other major Bosnian seats of power at the time, such as Prača and Blagaj, but also outside the country in Ragusa (today's Dubrovnik), where he compiled his famous will.
# Fayez al-Tarawneh's second cabinet

The Cabinet of Jordan is the chief executive body of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
| × | Incumbent | Office | Website |
| 1 | Fayez Tarawneh | Prime Minister and Minister of Defence | http://www.pm.gov.jo |
| 2 | Fayez Saudi | Minister of Education | https://www.moe.gov.jo/ |
| 3 | Khalifah Suleiman | Minister of Justice | http://www.moj.gov.jo/ |
| 4 | Abdul Salam Abbadi | Minister of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs | http://www.awqaf.gov.jo/ Archived 2017-11-13 at the Wayback Machine |
| 5 | Shabib Ammari | Minister of Industry and Trade | http://www.mit.gov.jo/ |
| 6 | Nasser Judeh | Minister of Foreign Affairs | http://www.mfa.gov.jo |
| 7 | Wajih Owais | Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research | http://www.mohe.gov.jo/ |
| 8 | Atef Tel | Minister of Information and Communications Technology | http://www.moict.gov.jo/ |
| 9 | Hashem Masaid | Minister of Transport | http://www.mot.gov.jo/ |
| 10 | Kamel Said | Minister of State for Prime Ministry Affairs and Legislation | http://www.pm.gov.jo |
| 11 | Jafar Hassan | Minister of Planning and International Cooperation | http://www.mop.gov.jo/ |
| 12 | Wajih Azaizeh | Minister of Social Development | http://www.mosd.gov.jo/ |
| 13 | Yahya Kisbi | Minister of Public Works and Housing | |
| 14 | Abdullatif Wreikat | Minister of Health | http://www.moh.gov.jo/ |
| 15 | Suleiman Hafez | Minister of Finance | http://www.mof.gov.jo/ |
| 16 | Ateb Odeibat | Minister of Labour | http://www.mol.gov.jo/ |
| 17 | Salah Jarrar | Minister of Culture | http://www.culture.gov.jo/ Archived 2013-01-21 at the Wayback Machine |
| 18 | Yasin Khayyat | Minister of Environment | http://www.tourism.jo/ |
| 19 | Khleif Khawaldeh | Minister of Public Sector Development | https://web.archive.org/web/20130106181350/http://www.mopsd.gov.jo/ |
| 20 | Nayef Fayez | Minister of Tourism and Antiquities | http://www.tourism.jo/ |
| 21 | Mohammad Najjar | Minister of Water and Irrigation | http://www.mwi.gov.jo/ |
| 22 | Ghaleb Zubi | Minister of Interior | https://moi.gov.jo/ |
| 23 | Samih Maayatah | Minister of Information | |
| 24 | Ahmed Al Khattab | Minister of Agriculture | https://www.moa.gov.jo/ |
| 25 | Nufan Agarmeh | Minister of Political Development and Parliamentary Affairs | https://www.moppa.gov.jo/ |
| 26 | Maher Abu Samn | Minister of Municipal Affairs | |
| 27 | Alaa Batayneh | Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources | http://www.memr.gov.jo/ |
| 28 | Sharari al-Shakhanbeh | Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs | https://www.moppa.gov.jo/ |
| 29 | Nadia Hashem | Minister of State for Women's Affairs | |
| 30 | Yusef Jazi | Minister of State | |
# Syed Saad Andaleeb

Syed Saad Andaleeb is a Bangladeshi-American academic who served as the 3rd Vice-chancellor of BRAC University.

## Education and career

Andaleeb obtained his bachelor's in chemical engineering in 1976 and master's in business administration in 1977 from University of New Hampshire. He then earned his Ph.D. in business administration from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1989.
Andaleeb was a distinguished professor of marketing at the Sam and Irene Black School of Business, Pennsylvania State University – Erie, The Behrend College in the United States.

## Activities

At the invitation of Philip Kotler, Andaleeb moderated a panel on "Moving to Corporate Social Responsibility as the Next Stage for Company Success" at the World Marketing Summit, which was held in Tokyo from October 13–14, 2015.
# Aviation Island

Aviation Island may refer to:
* Aviation Islands in Antarctica
* An islet in Palmyra Atoll, US Minor Outlying Islands
# Stack (unit)

Stack was a US unit of volume for stacked firewood. Symbol for the unit was stk.

## Definition

108 cubic foot.

## Conversion

1 stack ≡ 64 Load (squared)
1 stack≡ 64 cubic foot
1 stack≡ 64 m$^3$
# Spurilla neapolitana

Spurilla neapolitana, the Neapolitan spurilla, is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Aeolidiidae. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. This species was first described as Eolis neapolitana by the Italian naturalist Stefano delle Chiaje in 1841. However, although some authorities quote the year as 1823, the species does not appear in the first volume of delle Chiaje's memoirs, which was published that year. The species was later reassigned to the genus Spurilla.

## Distribution

Spurilla neapolitana is found in shallow temperate waters in the Mediterranean Sea, the western Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and Baja California. Molecular studies have shown that this is a species complex consisting of at least three species. The type Spurilla neapolitana is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Cape Verde and the Azores to Portugal, and in the Mediterranean Sea. The western Atlantic population was denoted as Spurilla braziliana by MacFarland (1909) and the Pacific specimens may also be S. braziliana.

## Description

Spurilla neapolitana is a large nudibranch, growing to a length of 70 mm (2.8 in) in the Mediterranean Sea. The rhinophores (the pair of sensory structures on the dorsal surface of the head) are lamellate. The cerata (outgrowths of the body) are also flattened and have opaque white tips. These tips are known as cnidosacs and are defensive structures armed with cnidocytes (stinging cells) garnered from sea anemones that the nudibranch has eaten. The general colour of this species is orange or pinkish, perhaps depending on what it has been eating, often with dark streaking where the tortuous digestive gland is visible through the translucent skin and the walls of the cerata. Some individuals have opaque patches of white on the body wall.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 3 m.

## Feeding habits

Spurilla neapolitana feeds on sea anemones. The cnidocytes pass unharmed through the gut of the nudibranch to the tip of the cerata where they are stored, to be used in the animal's defence. The nudibranch's tissues harbour live intracellular zooxanthellae (photosynthetic single celled organisms), also derived from the sea anemone. It has been shown that the nudibranch's faeces contain live zooxanthellae, theoretically capable of reinfecting sea anemones, and this may be an important means by which the sea anemones acquire their zooxanthellae.
# The Holy Warrior

The Holy Warrior may refer to:
* The Holy Warrior - an episode of Paranoia Agent
* Holy Warrior - a novel by Angus Donald
* Hizbul Mujahideen or "party of holy warriors" - a Kashmiri militant group
# Maxine Weldon

Maxine Weldon is an American soul and jazz singer. She is also an actress and live performer. Her brother was actor/director Charles Weldon and one of her sisters is actress/singer Ann Weldon.
Weldon recorded two albums in 1970-71, with members of The Jazz Crusaders playing as session musicians on the recordings. She followed these with Some Singin in 1974, which became her best-selling record, reaching #48 on the Billboard R&B albums chart. Her last album was issued in 1975. In the 1980s and 1990s, she performed frequently but did not record; in 1995-1997 she performed in the Broadway production of Black and Blue and later in the 1990s toured with Linda Hopkins.

## Discography

* Right On (Mainstream, 1970)
* Chilly Wind (Mainstream, 1971)
* Some Singin (Monument, 1974)
* Alone on My Own (Monument, 1975)
# LVJ

LVJ may refer to:
* Liverpool James Street railway station, Liverpool, National Rail station code
* Pearland Regional Airport, Brazoria County, Texas, FAA LID airport code
# The Accomplice (1917 film)

The Accomplice is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Ralph Dean and starring Dorothy Bernard, Jack Sherrill and Jean Stuart.

## Plot

Spoiled and lonely daughter of a wealthy Wall Street entrepreneur, Katherine Harcourt, wanders into the Tango Tea Set and meets the charismatic Antonio, a professional dancer. Infatuated, Katherine follows Antonio to his hotel room but, at the last moment, rejects his advances and leaves at the point of a knife. Later that night, Pepita, Antonio's lover, is found murdered and Antonio is arrested.
As his alibi, Antonio claims that he was with Katherine. To save the Harcourt name from scandal, Miriam Collins, the sweetheart of Dick Harcourt, Katherine's brother, says that she, not Katherine, was in Antonio's room. Although Miriam's gesture is an attempt to improve her image with Dick's father, who thinks that she is too poor for his son, it soon backfires and Dick breaks off their engagement.
Guilt-ridden, Katherine finally confesses to knowing Antonio, clearing both her own and Miriam's name. With the blessing of Mr. Harcourt, Miriam and Dick reunite.

## Cast

* Dorothy Bernard as Katherine Harcourt
* Jack Sherrill as Dick Harcourt
* W.J. Brady as Honorable Nicholas Harcourt
* Joseph Granby as Antonio
* Jean Stuart as Pepita
* Florence Hamilton as Miriam Collins
* John A. Milton as Inspector
* Tom Ward as Jose
# Governor Clark

Governor Clark or Clarke may refer to:
* Alonzo M. Clark (1868–1952), 16th Governor of Wyoming
* Alured Clarke (1745–1832), Governor of Jamaica from 1784 to 1790
* Andrew Clarke (British Army officer, born 1824) (1824–1902), 9th Governor of Straits Settlements from 1873 to 1875
* Andrew Clarke (British Army officer, born 1793) (1793–1847), Governor of Western Australia from 1846 to 1847
* Barzilla W. Clark (1880–1943), 16th Governor of Idaho
* Charles Clark (governor) (1811–1877), 24th Governor of Mississippi
* Sir Charles Clarke, 3rd Baronet (1839–1932), Governor of Malta from 1903 to 1907
* Chase A. Clark (1883–1966), 18th Governor of Idaho, brother of Barzilla W. Clark
* Edward Clark (governor) (1815–1880), 8th Governor of Texas
* George Clarke (governor) (1676–1760), Acting Governor of the Province of New York from 1736 to 1743
* George Clarke, 1st Baron Sydenham of Combe (1848–1933), Governor of Victoria from 1901 to 1903 and Governor of Bombay from 1907 to 1913
* George W. Clarke (Iowa politician) (1852–1936), 21st Governor of Iowa
* Henry Toole Clark (1808–1874), 36th Governor of North Carolina
* James Clark (Kentucky politician) (1779–1839), 13th Governor of Kentucky
* James Clarke (Iowa politician) (1812–1850), 3rd Governor of Iowa Territory
* James Paul Clarke (1854–1916), 18th Governor of Arkansas
* Jeremy Clarke (governor) (1605–1652), Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1644
* John Clark (Delaware governor) (1761–1821), 20th Governor of Delaware
* John Clark (Georgia governor) (1766–1832), 31st Governor of Georgia
* Laura Clarke (fl. 2010s), Governor of the Pitcairn Islands since 2018
* Myron H. Clark (1806–1892), 19th Governor of New York
* Walter Eli Clark (1869–1950), 1st Governor of Alaska Territory
* William Clark (1770–1838), 4th Governor of Missouri Territory
* Walter Clarke (governor) (1640–1714), 6th, 13th and 17th Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations from 1676 to 1677, 1686, and 1696 to 1698
# Michel Pastor

Michel Pastor (1944 – 2 February 2014) was an heir, businessman and art collector from Monaco.

## Early life

Michel Pastor was born in 1944. His father, Gildo Pastor, was an heir and businessman. His paternal grandfather, Jean-Baptiste Pastor, settled in Monaco in the 1880s.
He grew up in Monaco with his brother, Victor Pastor, and sister, Hélène Pastor.

## Career

In the mid-1980s, Michel Pastor was the corporate director of Edimo Company which published Theatre Magazine, with Paul Chambrillon as editor-in-chief and Jean-Pierre Thiollet as journalist.
He served as the Chief Executive Officer of the Michel Pastor Group, a real estate firm based in Monaco. The company built many buildings in Monaco, including the Monte Carlo View, Garden House, Le Floridian and the Novotel hotel. Additionally, he owned the Columbia and Houston Palace, located on the Avenue Princesse Grace. Overall, the company was worth US$3.8 billion.
He served as the Chairman of the AS Monaco FC from 2004 to 2008. He was the part-owner of Hédiard, a luxury food brand, from 1995 to 2007. He was a shareholder in the auctioneer Artcurial, and the owner of an antique store in Monaco and a restaurant-bar in Gstaad, Switzerland.
He served as the Chairman of the Monaco Chamber of Economic Development from 1999 to 2009. He was also Chairman of the Grimaldi Forum. Moreover, he became honorary consul to Peru. He was a recipient of the French Legion of Honour in 2011.

## Art collection

Pastor was a prominent art collector. He owned paintings by Fernand Léger, Nicolas Poussin and Andy Warhol. He was President of the Maison de l’Amérique Latine, a non-profit organization for Latin American art.

## Personal life

Pastor was married twice. With his first wife, Syliane Stella Morell, he had a son, Fabrice Pastor. He then married Catherine Pastor. They had four children, including a daughter who married David Hallyday, the son of the French singer Johnny Hallyday.
He wintered in Gstaad, Switzerland.

## Death

He died of cancer on 2 February 2014. His funeral was held at the Saint-Charles Church in Monaco.

## Honours

* France :
** Officer of the Legion of Honour (April 2011).
** Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters.
* Italy :
** Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (27 December 1998).
** Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity (2 May 2012).
* Monaco :
** Commander of the Order of Saint-Charles.
** Commander of the Order of Grimaldi.
* Peru : Grand Officer of the Order of Merit for Distinguished Service.
* Sovereign Military Order of Malta : Grand Officer Cross pro Merito Melitensi – civilian class –.
# Angostura Formation

Angostura Formation may refer to:
* Angostura Colorada Formation, Late Cretaceous geologic formation of Argentina
* Angostura Formation, Chile, Early to Middle Miocene geologic formation of Chile
* Angostura Formation, Colombia, Eocene geologic formation of Colombia
* Angostura Formation, Ecuador, Late Miocene geologic formation of Ecuador
* Angostura Formation, Mexico, Late Miocene geologic formation of Mexico
# Encounter with Life

Encounter with Life (Swedish: Möte med livet) is a 1952 Swedish drama film directed by Gösta Werner and starring Doris Svedlund, Per Oscarsson and Arnold Sjöstrand. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm and location shooting in Nyköping. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Svenwall.

## Synopsis

Gun and Robert are in love with each other, but while he is away doing military service they both have relationships with others. She falls pregnant and then miscarries, while he contracts syphilis. In spite of this they work to forge a successful marriage when he returns.

## Cast

* Doris Svedlund as Gun
* Per Oscarsson as Robert
* Arnold Sjöstrand as Dr. Almer
* Britta Billsten as Karin
* Märta Dorff as Östermalmsdam som genomför aborter
* Sif Ruud as Mrs. Jakobsson
* Lars Ekborg as Klas
* Arne Ragneborn as Göran
* Ingrid Thulin as Viola
* Peter Lindgren as Gun's Friend
* Kjerstin Dellert as Singer
* Björn Berglund as Clerk
* Bengt Blomgren as Sven
* Margit Carlqvist as Klas' Girlfriend
* Yvonne Lombard as Woman-friend
* Kurt-Olof Sundström as Kurt
# Stack Bay

Stack Bay (67°3′S 58°4′E﻿ / ﻿67.050°S 58.067°E﻿ / -67.050; 58.067) is a small bay between West Stack and the mouth of Hoseason Glacier in Enderby Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37) and called "Skotvika" because of the proximity to West Stack, named by personnel of RRS William Scoresby in 1936. The name for the bay has been approved in a translated form to agree with West Stack.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Stack Bay". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Kemp Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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