OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 240 BC

Year 240 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Centho and Tuditanus (or, less frequently, year 514 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 240 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Carthage

* Two of Carthage's mercenary commanders – Spendius and Mathos – convince the Libyan conscripts of the mercenary army occupying the Carthaginian city of Tunis to accept their leadership. They persuade the native Libyans that Carthage will take revenge against them for their part in the conflict once the foreign mercenaries are paid and sent home. They then convince the combined mercenary armies to revolt against Carthage and convince the various native Libyan towns and cities to back the revolt. Spendius and Mathos then take the Carthaginian commander Gesco as a hostage. What has started as an argument over pay owed to soldiers by the Carthaginian Government, explodes into a full-scale revolt, known as the Mercenary War.
* The Libyan forces loyal to the mercenaries besiege the towns of Utica and Hippacritae, which refuse to defect to the mercenaries.
* Hanno the Great is given command of the Carthaginian forces. However, the mercenaries defeat the Carthaginian armies in the Battle of Utica.
* Carthage decides to give Hamilcar Barca joint command with Hanno the Great. Hamilcar Barca is able to end the siege of Utica by the mercenaries. He is then placed in complete command of the Carthaginian forces and defeats the mercenaries in the Battle of the Bagradas River.
* After the Numidian mercenary leader Narawas defects to Hamilcar Barca, Numidian reinforcements (about 2,000 men) help him defeat the mercenaries again. Hamilcar pardons his captured prisoners, accepting into his army anyone who will fight for Carthage, and exiling anyone who will not.

#### Roman Republic

* Rome takes over full control of Sicily and stations a legion there.

#### China

* The Qin general Meng Ao takes the Zhao cities of Long, Hu and Qingdu but then dies en route to the Wei city of Ji. This is then captured by Meng Ao's son Meng Wu.

### By topic
#### Literature

* The first Latin tragedy by Livius Andronicus, Achilles, is first produced.

#### Astronomy

* May 25 – Chinese astronomers make the first recorded observation of Halley's Comet.
* The Hellenistic period Mathematician Eratosthenes estimates the Earth's circumference to be 252,000 stadia, a figure between 2%-20% off modern measurements.

## Deaths

* Aratus, Greek poet from Soli in Cilicia, best remembered for his poem on astronomy Phaenomena (b. c. 315 BC)
* Aristomachos the Elder, Greek tyrant from Argos
* Asandhimitra, Mauryan empress and wife of Ashoka
* Callimachus, Greek poet and librarian
* Posidippus, Greek epigrammatic poet
* Zou Yan, Chinese philosopher (b. 305 BC)
* Meng Ao, Qin general
# Tata Cliffrider

The Tata Cliffrider is a concept car that was first introduced by Tata Motors at the Geneva Motor Show in 2006.
Its exterior is designed by modifying the Xover concept. Its rear doors slide backward like an MPV. Its interior is derived from the Xover concept. Its load body is protected by a sliding cover. It offers either a Euro IV DICOR engine and V6 petrol engine. It has airbags, an anti lock-braking system, traction control, and navigation control. It is available in both 4X4 and 4X2.
# Felix Stähelin

Felix Stähelin (also spelled Staehelin, 28 December 1873 – 20 February 1952) was a Swiss historian of Basel.
He studied ancient history and classical philology in Basel, Bonn and Berlin, completing a doctorate on the Galatians in 1897. He worked as a school teacher from 1902–1907, and as a lecturer at Basel from 1907, receiving tenure as professor of Ancient History in 1931, retiring in 1937.
He published works about the history of the Roman Empire and of Asia Minor. He is best known for his 1927 work on Switzerland in the Roman era. During 1929–1934 he also co-edited the collected works of Jacob Burckhardt.
# Malcolm X Memorial Foundation

The Malcolm X Memorial Foundation is a non-profit organization, headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, working to perpetuate the leadership and contributions of El Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) towards social justice.
Founded by Rowena Moore, the organization is located on the site of Malcolm's first home in Omaha at 3448 Pinkney Street.
# Richard Hewitt

Richard Hewitt may refer to:
* Richard Hewitt (cricketer) (1844–1920), Australian cricketer
* Richard Thornton Hewitt (1917–1994), British Army officer
* Dick Hewitt (1943–2017), footballer
# Fadeli

Fadeli (16 July 1955 – 8 May 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was regent of Lamongan from 2010 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2021.
# Tandem exon duplication

Tandem exon duplication is defined as duplication of exons within the same gene to give rise to the subsequent exon. A complete exon analysis of all genes in Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans has shown 12,291 instances of tandem duplication in exons in human, fly, and worm. Analysis of the intronic region has produced further 4,660 unidentified duplicated exons referred to as unannotated exons. 1,578 of these unannotated exons contained stop codons thus not considered potential exons. 35.1% of the unannotated exons were found in the EST sequence thus confirming the potential of the presence of these exons in protein transcripts.
# Giroux, Manitoba

Giroux is an unincorporated community located in the Rural Municipality of Ste. Anne, Manitoba, Canada.
It is located 14 kilometers north-east of Steinbach, and 13 kilometers south-east of Ste. Anne. Originally established as railway stop in the 1890s called "Steinbach Station", it was later renamed Giroux and a town grew up around the station, which provided a key link to Winnipeg for Mennonite, Métis, and French settlers in the area. The rail station closed in the 1950s, but the villages continues to exist with a population of around 100 people.
# The McCalmans

The McCalmans (originally The Ian MacCalman Folk Group) were a Scottish folk trio. Formed on 6 October 1964, they recorded and toured without interruption until they disbanded in December 2010. Their performance was based on three part harmony, humour and a deep love and respect for the folk tradition in Scotland. They performed all over Europe, and in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Bermuda, Kenya, Cyprus, Belize and the Falkland Islands. They had six television series and BBC Network Radio series and appearances.
The original trio was formed by Ian McCalman (born 1 September 1946, in Edinburgh) on his first day at Edinburgh College of Art, where he, Derek Moffat (born near Dundee) and Hamish Bayne (born in Nairobi, Kenya) were studying architecture. Bayne left the band in 1982 and was replaced by Nick Keir. Moffat died as a result of cancer in 2001, and was replaced by long-term friend of the band, Stephen Quigg. The group disbanded in 2010, when McCalman decided to retire from touring. He now runs a recording studio. Keir and Quigg continued to tour together until Keir's death in 2013.

## Discography

* All In One Mind (as The Ian MacCalman Folk Group; 1968)
* Singers Three (1969)
* Turn Again (1970)
* No Strings Attached (1971)
* An Audience With The McCalmans (1973)
* Smuggler (1975)
* House Full (1976)
* Side By Side By Side (1977)
* Burn The Witch (1978)
* The Best of (1979)
* The Ettrick Shepherd (1980)
* At Your Service (1980)
* Bonnie Bands Again (1982)
* Ancestral Manoeuvres (1984)
* Scottish Songs (1986)
* Peace and Plenty (1986)
* Listen To The Heat (1988)
* Flames on The Water (1990)
* Songs From Scotland (1991)
* Honest Poverty (1993)
* In Harmony (1994)
* Festival Lights (1995)
* High Ground (1997)
* Keepers (1999)
* Hard Night's Day (2000)
* Where The Sky Meets The Sea (2002)
* Tangled Web (2004)
* Scots Abroad (2006)
* Coming Home (2009)
* The Greentrax Years (2010)
* Lost Tracks (2016)
# Prue-Anne Reynalds

Prue-Anne Reynalds is an Australian Paralympic athlete and cyclist. She competed in the 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville Paralympics in athletics events as a classified "B1" athlete where she won a bronze in the Women's 3000 m B1 event. She also competed in the mixed tandem open cycling road event at the 1992 Summer Paralympics but did not win a medal.
# Dundee Dell

The Dundee Dell (originally known as the Dundee Delicatessen) is a restaurant bar in the Dundee area of Omaha, Nebraska. It is perhaps best known for its homemade fish and chips and collection of single malt Scotch whisky, credited to being one of the largest in the United States. It also carries an extensive beer selection, including some fourteen varieties on tap and several hundred in bottles.
The restaurant began as a delicatessen in a one-car garage near 50th Street and Dodge Street in 1920. In 1934, after being granted a liquor license, the deli opened as a restaurant and was renamed Dundee Dell. It was relocated at the intersection between 50th Street and Underwood Avenue in 2000. The place bills itself as a neighborhood pub, and has decorated its walls with memorabilia from various British and Irish beer and liquor companies, particularly Guinness.
The restaurant's parking lot and exterior is briefly featured in the 1999 film Election.
In July 2020, the restaurant owners announced its closure due to a lack of business from the coronavirus pandemic.
# Wringer (disambiguation)

A wringer is a mechanical laundry aid (also known as a mangle).
Wringer may also refer to:
* Wringer (magic trick), a stage magic trick
* Wringer (novel), a Newbery Honor–winning 1998 novel
* Wringer bucket, a device for squeezing out a wet mop
* "Stuck in the Wringer", a SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7) episode
# Malcolm X House

The Malcolm X House, also known as the Wilfred and Ruth Little House, is a private house located at 4336 Williams Street in Inkster, Michigan. It is significant for its association with African American Civil Rights leader Malcolm X, who lived here with his brother Wilfred Little in 1952-53. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.

## History

This house was built in 1950, and was first owned by Wilfred Little (Wilfred X) and his wife Ruth. Wilfred had joined the Nation of Islam in the 1940s, and by 1950 he was identified as a spokesman for Temple No. 1 in Detroit. In 1952, he helped facilitate the parole of his younger brother, Malcolm, and welcomed him into his house. Malcolm joined his brother at Temple No. 1, and soon visited the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, who formally assigned him the "X." In 1953 he was named Assistant Minister of Temple No. 1, and by late 1953 he was sent to other Temples around the country, ending his permanent residence here. He would, however, visit his brother occasionally over the years until his assassination.
The house was eventually abandoned. As of 2021, it is being rehabilitated by the nonprofit organization We Hope, Dream, and Believe, which wants to turn the house into a historical landmark and community center.

## Description

The Malcolm X House is a one-and-a-half-story, side-gable seven room, minimalist modern house built in 1950. It is built of wood, and is nearly identical to some other houses nearby which were built around the same time. The front is asymmetrical, with an entrance door flanked by two window openings. An offset cross-gable is set to one side. The house sits on a concrete foundation.
# G. Gordon Hurlburt

G. Gordon Hurlburt was a Toronto politician and Toronto Transit Commission Chairman in the 1970s.
He was active in the 1960s and 1970s in local politics. He served as Councillor and Controller in the Borough of North York and was a member of the Metropolitan Toronto Council. He was appointed a TTC Commissioner in 1970, became vice-chairman in 1973, and was chairman from 1975 to 1979.
| Preceded byKarl L. Mallette | Chairman of the Toronto Transit Commission 1975-1979 | Succeeded byJulian Porter |
# Mendoncia velloziana

Mendoncia velloziana is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is a liana native to tropical South America, ranging from Colombia and Peru through northern, eastern, and southern Brazil to Paraguay.
native to Atlantic Coast restingas vegetation which is an ecosystem of Atlantic Forest biome. In addition, this plant grows either in Cerrado vegetation of Brazil. This plant grows in following states of Brazil: Bahia, Ceará Minas Gerais Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina, and it is usually visited by the hummingbirds.
# Tapir 590

Óliver Ramos (born March 29, 1989), known by his nickname Tapir 590, is a Peruvian social media personality. He became known for his luxury lifestyle videos and his catchphrase "Claro pe', mascota" (transl. "Of course, pet").

## Career

Tapir 590 started uploading videos on his social networks around January 2019. His content was varied, and included showing off his luxuries, owning expensive objects, and giving "advice", thus provoking the derision of his followers. One of his first viral videos was "Cómo conquistar a una venezolana" ("How to conquer a Venezuelan [girl]"). Also contributing to his fame was his catchphrase "Claro pe', mascota".
After he became popular, he was invited to appear on TV shows such as El wasap de JB and El reventonazo de la chola, where he performed a cover of "Secreto" with Susy Díaz. He made his debut as a reggaeton singer in March 2019 with the release of his first single "Concha, Conchita", and later performed covers of other songs. He also acted in sketch comedy videos on other YouTube channels.
In April 2019, he announced that he would stop uploading videos, due to the existence of other accounts that used his name and profited from his followers. However, he soon reappeared, saying that he had been busy doing radio and television work.
In the latest stage of his career, Tapir says that he is focusing on his musical growth. Tapir accuses rapper Faraón Love Shady of "copying his ideas and style", which is why he put aside content creation.

## Education

Ramos claims to be a business administrator by profession. He studied for three years at the Francisco Antonio de Zela Private Technological Institute in Tacna and four cycles at the University of Tarapacá in Chile. He also studied music and took courses to be a bodyguard.

## Reception and impact

In 2022, the Peruvian newspaper La República included his catchphrase, "Claro pe', mascota", in its list of the "most popular phrases of the last 10 years in Peru". This same phrase was interpolated in the ninth season of the television series Al fondo hay sitio, by the character Diego Montalbán (Giovanni Ciccia).
# Girouard Lake

Girouard Lake is a freshwater body of water crossed by the Mégiscane River, in the north-eastern part of Senneterre, in La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.
Girouard Lake is located entirely in the township of Girouard. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.
The hydrographic slope of Lake Girouard is accessible via the Faillon Lake Road (East-West direction) that passes on the south side of Lake Girouard; in addition, another forest road (East-West direction) serves an area northwest of the Mégiscane River which includes the southern part of the Lake Wetetnagami Biodiversity Reserve.
The surface of Girouard Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

## Geography

The northern part of Girouard Lake is crossed on the Southwest by the Mégiscane River. A long bay of 10.1 kilometres (6.3 mi) extends south in the township of Girouard. This lake has a total length of 14.1 kilometres (8.8 mi) and a maximum width of 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi). The surface of this lake is an altitude: 373 metres (1,224 ft).
The mouth of Lake Girouard is located on the south side of the lake. This mouth of Lake Girouard is at:
* 61.5 kilometres (38.2 mi) north-east of the mouth of the Mégiscane River (confluence with Parent Lake (Abitibi);
* 58.7 kilometres (36.5 mi) east of the mouth of Parent Lake (Abitibi);
* 360 kilometres (220 mi) south-east of the mouth of the Nottaway River (confluence with Rupert Bay);
* 70.5 kilometres (43.8 mi) north-east of downtown Senneterre;
* 78.0 kilometres (48.5 mi) south-east of the village center of Lebel-sur-Quévillon.
The main hydrographic slopes near Girouard Lake are:
* north side: Mégiscane River, Achepabanca River, Achepabanca Lake, Capousacataca River;
* east side: Mégiscane River, Berthelot River, Valmy Lake, Berthelot Lake (Mégiscane River), Whitegoose River;
* south side: Canyon Creek, Valmy Lake, Attic River;
* west side: Mégiscane River, Valets Lake, Delestres River.

## Toponymy

The hydronym "Lac Girouard" is linked to that of the township of Girouard. The term "Girouard" is a family name of French origin.
The toponym "lac Girouard" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec, when it was created.
# The McCarricks

The McCarricks are the husband and wife band of Martin McCarrick on cello and Kimberlee McCarrick on violin. they have collaborated widely, including Kristin Hersh, Sinéad O'Connor, Gary Numan, Marianne Faithfull and Patti Smith's Meltdown concerts at the Royal Festival Hall in London. Their solo performances are in front of silent films produced specially for their performances.

## Discography
### The McCarricks

The McCarricks 2007 - "3"

### Collaborations

Learn to Sing Like a Star - Kristin Hersh - 2007
# D. C. Reddy

Professor D. C. Reddy, is an Electronics and Bio Medical engineering professor was Vice Chancellor of Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. He was the 19th vice-chancellor, and served as vice-chancellor from 1999 to 2002; he was preceded by Prof. V. Ramakistayya (1996–1999), and followed by Prof. J. Anantha Swamy (2002–2004)
# Dundee Corporation

Dundee Corporation is a public Canadian independent holding company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Through its operating subsidiaries, Dundee Corporation is an active investor focused on delivering long‐term, sustainable value from investments in the mining sector. It is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “DC.A”.
Dundee Corporation was founded in 1991 by Canadian entrepreneur made billionaire, Ned Goodman and built a track record as a successful mining investor. During this period, Dundee Corporation had many high-profile mining investments, including:
* Homestake Mining; sold to Barrick;
* Seed investor of Kinross Gold;
* Founding investor of Repadre Capital Corporation; sold to Iamgold;
* Zemex Minerals;
* Breakwater Resources;
* Founding shareholder of Dundee Precious Metals Inc.;
* Founding investor in Osisko Mining;
* Raised $4.3 billion in flow-through limited partnerships helping to discover some of Canada’s best orebodies.
In 2011, Dundee Corporation’s focus expanded to businesses beyond the mining sector. In order to bring Dundee Corporation back to its roots as a mining investment and merchant bank business, Jonathan Goodman returned to Dundee Corporation as Chairman and CEO in 2018 to create Dundee 2.0. The goal of Dundee 2.0 is to re-recreate the culture and structure that led to Dundee Corporation’s past success in the mining business.
Dundee 2.0’s long-term plan involves operating three mining investment and finance businesses:
Dundee Mining (Private Equity Style) – This is the technical team that does the detailed work on the larger investments. The team’s due diligence and de-risking approach focuses on all aspects of the mining business and thoroughly evaluates potential investments and make deliberate, long-term decisions. Once due diligence is complete, they work closely with the Merchant Banking team to structure and implement the deal in a way so that they receive a commission. The team currently has a healthy pipeline of investment opportunities in their portfolio they are evaluating.
Dundee Goodman Merchant Partners – Dundee Goodman Merchant Partners (“DGMP”) operates as a combination of investor and broker. DGMP focuses on the emerging side of the mining business and makes small investments in select, undervalued companies. DGMP is usually paid in commissions and broker warrants. Since launching this strategy in June 2020, this group has been profitable.
CMP (Flow-Through Fund) – The flow through fund business which raises money from Canadians who need tax deductions generated from mineral exploration. This was once a major area of strength for Dundee, which helped companies raise over $4.3 billion. Dundee has a new structure that can give even more tax deductions to the investors, and expects it will result in regaining market share and increasing profitability.

## Sources

* ↑ "Dundee Corporation - Our Story". www.dundeecorporation.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
* ↑ "June 2021 Investor Presentation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-25.
# Wringworthy

Wringworthy is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the parish of Morval on the A387 road.
# Wu Jiang Xue

Wu Jiang Xue (traditional Chinese: 吳江雪; simplified Chinese: 吴江雪), is a Chinese "caizi jiaren" romantic novel of the 17th-century. Its date of composition have been dated by various scholars to either around 1605 in the late Ming dynasty or around mid 17th-century during the early Qing dynasty. Its authorship is ascribed to a writer named Pei Hengzi (佩蘅子). The novel consists of 24 chapters.
* Title page of the novel from a modern edition
* A page from chapter 5 of the novel

## Citations

* ↑ Wang, Qingping (1998). The Commercial Production of the Early Qing Scholar-beauty Romances. Stanford University. p. 28.
* ↑ 明清小说论丛 (in Chinese). Vol. 1. 春风文艺出版社. 1984. p. 373. 他在1927年著录巴黎国家图书馆藏本时说: "绣像吴江雪。题页上写着:薇香草堂编著,东吴赤绿山房样。明刊本。"
* ↑ 林辰 (1988). 明末清初小說述錄 (in Chinese). 春风文艺出版社. p. 155.
* ↑ "《吴江雪》". 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版 (in Chinese).
* This Chinese literature-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Yukarıalagöz, Kızılırmak

Yukarıalagöz is a village in the Kızılırmak District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 611 (2021).
# Lebranche mullet

The Lebranche mullet or the liza (Mugil liza) is a species of saltwater fish in the family Mugilidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea and is fished commercially.

## Description

The size of a liza is commonly about 40 centimetres, a record size is 80 cm. There are 5 dorsal spines with 8 dorsal soft rays and 3 anal spines with 8 anal soft rays.

## Distribution

Mugil liza occurs in coastal waters in the Caribbean Sea and along the eastern seaboard of America from Florida south to Argentina. It is found in marine and brackish environments and even ventures into freshwater sometimes.

## Biology

Mugil liza is a detritivore and also feeds on filamentous algae. Spawning takes place offshore in the summer between May and August. The fecundity rate is high and several million eggs are produced. These are non-adhesive and are pelagic. The males mature at a younger age than the females and are less numerous.

## Human consumption

Mugil liza is collected from the shore using fishing nets. It is a highly commercial fish, fetching a high market price both fresh and salted.
The eggs are also commercialised. They are consumed dry or salted, and are considered a delicacy.
Because of the high value of this fish, it is frequently used in aquaculture.
# Fair trading

Fair trading may refer to:
* Fair Trading Act (disambiguation)
* NSW Fair Trading, a division of the Department of Customer Service of the New South Wales state government
# Duzkend

Duzkend may refer to:
* Akhuryan, Armenia
* Alvar, Armenia
* Barodz, Armenia