OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Qulpa

Qulpa (Kulpa and Askulpa in Russian chronicles; Colbadinus Cam in a contemporary Venetian document; died 1360) was Khan of the Golden Horde from August 1359 to February 1360.
He came to the throne four days after the murder of his predecessor Berdi Beg. It has been supposed that Qulpa might have begun his reign as a rival khan at Azov, but that cannot be verified and seems unlikely. His short reign is not recorded in most of the Persian and Arabic narratives treating the khans of the Golden Horde, but it is briefly treated in the Russian chronicles, which report that Qulpa reigned for 6 months and 5 days, did a lot of evil, and in the end was killed, together with his sons Mihail and Ivan. The names of Qulpa's sons and the absence of a traditional Muslim name on his coins suggest that he might have been Christian, but that is not certain. The publication of a contemporary Venetian notary act by Benedetto Bianco confirms Qulpa's favor towards Christians and that at least his eldest, 12-year-old son was a Christian; it also dates the murders of Qulpa, his two sons, and two emirs, and the accession of the next khan, Nawruz Beg, to 28 February 1360. Qulpa's control over the Golden Horde may have been challenged from the start, by Berdi Beg's son-in-law Mamai in the west, and by the reassertion of autonomy in the former subordinate Ulus of Orda in the east, under Qara Noqai, a descendant of Jochi's son Toqai Temür.
The antecedents of Qulpa are unclear. He may have been among those claiming descent from Jani Beg (like Nawruz Beg and Kildi Beg), and some modern authorities treat him as a son of Jani Beg and brother of his predecessor Berdi Beg and successor Nawruz Beg. The most accurate collections of Jochid genealogies (like the Muʿizz al-ansāb) do not include Qulpa/Qulna among Jani Beg's offspring, or anywhere else. Jani Beg's son Berdi Beg is said to have slaughtered no less than 12 of his closest kinsmen, including an 8-month-old brother, making it unlikely that Qulpa/Qulna could have been another son of Jani Beg. To some scholars, the evidence of eastern sources (mostly enumerations of the khans) implies that Qulpa was identical to Kildi Beg, who pretended to be a son of Jani Beg (but was actually his nephew, according to the Muʿizz al-ansāb); the chronological implications of such an identification are problematic, but the more detailed treatment in Ötemiš-Ḥājjī's Čingīz-Nāmah makes it likely that Qulpa was at least confounded with Kildi Beg in an influential tradition.

## Genealogy

* Genghis Khan
* Jochi
* Batu Khan
* Toqoqan
* Mengu-Timur
* Toghrilcha
* Uzbeg Khan
* Jani Beg
* (pretended?) Qulpa
# Sunny Singh (cricketer)

Sunny Singh (born 18 December 1986 in Jind, Haryana, India) is an Indian cricketer. He plays for Haryana in the Ranji Trophy. Singh is a right-hand batsman who is an occasional medium pacer. Singh is a part of the Kings XI Punjab team of the Indian Premier League. He has also played for the India Under-19 cricket team in the 2004 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

## Career

When he was 17, Singh began in first-class cricket with the Haryana cricket team in the 2003–04 Ranji Trophy season. He scored 474 runs from six matches at an average of 52.66. In the following year, he scored 654 runs from seven matches, including three hundreds, at an average of 59.45. Three seasons later, he was dropped from the side. In the 2009–10 season, Singh made 617 runs from 5 matches at an average of 88.14. He also made three centuries and became a permanent member of the team. In 2011, as he led his team to the semi-finals of the Ranji Trophy. There, he made a total of 593 runs from seven matches, including two hundreds, at an average of 45.61.
# David Meredith (photographer)

David Meredith (born 1969) is an American photographer and graphic designer

## Career

Meredith attended Brigham Young University, and also worked with one of his professors, Adrian Pulfer, in a graphic design studio in Salt Lake City. In 1997, David relocated to New York, and worked as an assistant to photographers Hans Gissinger and Rodney Smith. He then went to work for Susan Slover Associates as a graphic designer. After about a year, he was offered a position as a designer for Robert Valentine, where he helped design the launch issues of Real Simple. He also photographed for clients, including Interface and Barbara Barry. Eventually, a co-worker at Valentine left to become an art director for Aveda, and hired David to shoot for the company.
Meredith left Robert Valentine and worked as an independent photographer and designer. It was during this time that David was invited by Gale Towey, the creative director at Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, to help redesign the logo and overall photography of the Martha Stewart Living magazine.
Soon afterwards, David founded the design firm Pilot NY, and photographed for design clients, building his photography portfolio. Book design has been his most award-winning work, especially designing for fellow photographers Rodney Smith and Andrew Zuckerman.
Most recently, Meredith partnered with Barbara Barry to publish Around Beauty. He designed the book and took all of its photographs.
In 2014, Meredith was juror for the 2012 Communication Arts Photography Annual.
Meredith's design clients include Apple, McGuire/Kohler, Henredon, Barbara Barry, and Anthropologie. As a photographer, he is represented by Cornelia Adams, and clients include Aveda, Anthropologie, Target, Nike, Ralph Lauren, Real Simple, and Martha Stewart.
Meredith was an adjunct professor at Brigham Young University, teaching design and photography. He currently resides in California.

## Books
### Books designed by David Meredith

* The Book of Books, by Rodney Smith and Walter Thomas, 2005. Communication Arts Award of Excellence, Self-Promo, 2006
* Creature by Andrew Zuckerman, 2007. Amazon Best of the Month, December 2007. ONE SHOW Design Bronze Pencil, 2008 Communication Arts Award of Excellence, Book Design, 2008
* Bird by Andrew Zuckerman, 2009. Communication Arts Award of Excellence, Book Design, 2010
* The End by Rodney Smith and Walter Thomas, 2009. Communication Arts Award of Excellence, Book Design, 2010 Type Directors' Club Award for Typographic Excellence, Judge's Choice, 2010. Art Directors' Club SILVER Award, Book Design, 2010. Mohawk Paper, Best of Show, 2011
* Music by Andrew Zuckerman, 2010
* Wisdom by Andrew Zuckerman, 2011
* Flower by Andrew Zuckerman, 2012

### Books designed and illustrated David Meredith

* Around Beauty by Barbara Barry, David Meredith, and Dominique Browning, 2012.
# David Meredith

David Meredith may refer to:
* David Meredith (photographer)
* David Meredith (minister)
* David Lloyd Meredith, English actor
# Rabbit Hill Snow Resort

Rabbit Hill is a ski resort located on the south bank of the North Saskatchewan River in southwest Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Rabbit Hill Snow Resort is the largest ski and snowboard facility in the Edmonton Area. Home to an award-winning Snow School, and one of the largest terrain parks in Northern Alberta, the terrain is suitable for newer skiers and will permit advanced skiers to develop their technique.
Rabbit Hill is home to Rabbit Hill Alpine Race Club, Parkland Racers, and Canadian Association for Disabled Skiing- Edmonton.
# Rabbit Hole (podcast)

Rabbit Hole is a podcast produced by The New York Times and hosted by Kevin Roose that discusses internet radicalization.

## Background

Each episode is about 30 minutes in length and is hosted by Kevin Roose and Andy Mills. The show has a total of eight episodes. The production team included Andy Mills, Julia Longoria, Larissa Anderson, Sindhu Gnanasambandan, and Wendy Dorr. The podcast was released during the COVID-19 pandemic when people were quarantining and spending an increased amount of time on the internet. YouTube's content recommendation algorithm is designed to keep the user engaged as long as possible, which Roose calls the "rabbit hole effect". The podcast features interviews with a variety of people involved with YouTube and the "rabbit hole effect". For instance, in episode four Roose interviews Susan Wojcicki—the CEO of YouTube. The podcast was created after multiple shootings that were tied to online radicalization such as the Christchurch mosque shootings. The first three episodes of the show focus on Caleb Cain and how his YouTube search history shifted from politically moderate videos to far-right conspiracy theories. Cain started by watching video game commentary, then Joe Rogan, and then began watching further right figures like Stefan Molyneux. Vanity Fair named the show one of the seven podcasts that defined the 2020s. Both Teen Vogue and The Atlantic included the show on their lists of the best podcasts of 2020.
# Ampangan

Ampangan is a suburb and a mukim in Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

## Toponymy

The name Ampangan is a variation of the Malay word empangan which means dam.

## Townscape

Ampangan is situated on the eastern bank of the Batang Penar River, a tributary of the Linggi River. The official residence of the Undang (Chieftain) of the Luak of Sungai Ujong and the Urban Transformation Centre for Seremban is located there.
Ampangan has a pasar malam (night market) on every Tuesday and Friday evening. People in the surrounding areas dubbed it as Pasar Malam Ampangan. According to some people the night market has been operating since the 1970s. The night market offers varieties of delicacies, mostly Malay traditional staples and kuih, which include apam balik, murtabak, nasi goreng, keropok lekor, satay, kuih kacang, etc. In addition, there are also numerous eateries being established, notably Benteng Ampangan and Medan Selera PSMA.

### Education

There are two vocational schools, Kolej Vokasional Ampangan and Sekolah Menengah Teknik Tuanku Ja'afar. There are also two primary schools, Sekolah Kebangsaan King George V and Sekolah Kebangsaan Ampangan, as well as two secondary schools, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sri Ampangan and Sekolah Menengah Agama Dato' Klana Petra Ma'amor.

## Transportation

Federal Routes FT 86 and FT 51 links Ampangan with Kuala Klawang and Kuala Pilah respectively. The Kajang–Seremban Highway also serves Ampangan at EXIT 2106, providing access to the Klang Valley.
Ampangan is the eastern end of the Seremban Inner Ring Road.
# Amusement Parks U.S.A.

"Amusement Parks U.S.A." is a song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for the American rock band The Beach Boys. It was released on their 1965 album Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!). Produced by Wilson and featuring a lead vocal by Love, the song's lyrics describe "mess[ing] around at the [amusement] park all day." A short bridge section with session drummer Hal Blaine imitating a carnival barker is also featured, interpolating the spoken introduction to the Coasters' song "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)".
The lyrics mention such amusement parks as Palisades Park in Cliffside Park, New Jersey; Salisbury Park in Salisbury, Massachusetts; Euclid Beach Park in Cleveland; Riverview Park in Chicago; Disneyland and Pacific Ocean Park in the Los Angeles area; and Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey. All but Disneyland and Steel Pier ceased operation within a few years of the song's release.

## Alternate releases

"Amusement Parks U.S.A." was released as the B-side to "Salt Lake City" on a promotional single. It was also released as a single in Japan, backed with "The Rocking Surfer." The song was omitted from the 1980s re-release of Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!) (retitled California Girls), along with "I'm Bugged at My Ol' Man."

## Critical opinion

AllMusic critic Richie Unterberger described the track as a "subpar effort" and as one of the "throwbacks to the empty-headed summer filler of previous days" on Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!). Author Jim Fuselli called the track a throwback "to the group's happy-go-lucky days," after also describing the album that it first appeared on as lacking "a coherent lyrical theme."

## Personnel

Personnel sourced from Craig Slowinski.
The Beach Boys
* Al Jardine – harmony and backing vocals
* Mike Love – lead and bass vocals
* Brian Wilson – lead, harmony, and backing vocals, grand piano, laughter
* Carl Wilson – harmony and backing vocals
* Dennis Wilson – harmony and backing vocals
Session musicians and production staff
* Charles Berghofer – upright bass
* Hal Blaine – drums, castanets, tambourine, carnival barker
* Carol Kaye – bass guitar
* Jerry Cole – 6-string bass guitar
* Steve Douglas – tenor saxophone
* Jay Migliori – baritone saxophone
* Leon Russell – Hammond B-3 organ
* Billy Strange – 12-string guitar
* Julius Wechter – vibraphone
# Madignano railway station

Madignano railway station is a railway station serving the town and comune of Madignano in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. The single-platform halt is located on the Treviglio–Cremona railway.

## History

When the Treviglio–Cremona line was being constructed in the early 1860s, among the approximately 50 municipalities whose territories would have been affected by the infrastructure, only four assumed a hostile attitude to the development. Among these was Madignano, which had just suffered heavy burdens from the construction of an oratory (already abandoned by 1856) and a new road to neighboring Castelleone. The railway nevertheless reached the comune in 1862 without any station being built.
A railway halt was proposed by the municipal administration in 1993, with feasibility studies beginning that year. While there was initially some controversy in planning the new station with Italy's national railway holding company Ferrovie dello Stato, the comune was eventually granted a definitive construction permit at the end of 1995. The official inauguration took place on September 15, 1996, with the use of a historic train formed by an FS Class 740 steam locomotive with tender and three vintage carriages.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* Regional services (Treno regionale) Treviglio - Cremona
| Preceding station | Trenord | Following station |
| Crematoward Treviglio | Treno regionale | Castelleonetoward Cremona |
# Madiha (disambiguation)

Madiha is an Arabic female given name.
Madiha may also refer to:
* Madiha people, commonly called Kulina people, of Brazil and Peru
* Madiha language or Kulina language, spoken by the Kulina
* Madiha Maliha, Pakistani telenovela
# Rachicerus obscuripennis

Rachicerus obscuripennis is a North American Diptera of the Rachicerinae family. It is the only North American species with pectinate (comblike) flagellomeres (antenna segments).

## Distribution

United States.
# Madonna and Child of the Napkin

Madonna and Child of the Napkin or Our Lady of the Napkin is an oil on canvas painting by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, created c. 1666, as part of the altarpiece of the church of the Capuchin monastery in Seville and now in the Museum of Fine Arts of Seville. The vivid colour and delicacy of forms are reminiscent of Raphael, while the atmosphere is influenced by Velázquez and Rubens.

## History

The French general Soult, a great admirer of Murillo, attempted to loot the work but the Capuchins were able to get it and other works to Gibraltar in 1810, where they remained until the end of the Peninsular War in 1814. The work became state property in 1836 as part of the confiscation of church goods by the Mendizábal government and was assigned to the new Museum of Fine Arts of Seville.

## Name

The origin of its name is first recorded in the 1833 A Dictionary of Spanish Painting, edited by O'Neill. One version relates that the Capuchin friars found a napkin had vanished from their stores, but it was returned to them a few days later by Murillo with a drawing of the Madonna. Another states that one of the Capuchin friars privately asked Murillo for an image of the Madonna and Child to aid his private devotions in his cell but - unable to buy a canvas for him to paint it on - had him paint it on a napkin instead.
# Amy Garvey

Amy Garvey may refer to:
* Amy Ashwood Garvey, Pan-Africanist activist and first wife of Marcus Garvey
* Amy Jacques Garvey, Pan-Africanist writer and second wife of Marcus Garvey
# Amphinema (fungus)

Amphinema is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Atheliaceae. The widespread genus contains six species.
# Amphinema (jellyfish)

Amphinema is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Pandeidae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Amphinema australis (Mayer, 1900)
* Amphinema biscayana (Browne, 1907)
* Amphinema bouilloni Schuchert, 2007
* Amphinema calcariformis (Xu, Huang & Guo, 2009)
* Amphinema cheshirei Gershwin & Zeidler, 2003
* Amphinema dinema (Péron & Lesueur, 1810)
* Amphinema globogona Xu, Huang & Guo, 2008
* Amphinema gordini Fuentes, Gili & Lindsay, 2012
* Amphinema krampi Russell, 1956
* Amphinema modernisme Bouillon, Gili, Pages & Isla, 2000
* Amphinema nanhainensis (Xu, Huang & Gua, 2008)
* Amphinema physophorum (Uchida, 1927)
* Amphinema platyhedos Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1983
* Amphinema rollinsi Widmer, 2007
* Amphinema rubrum (Kramp, 1957)
* Amphinema rugosum (Mayer, 1900)
* Amphinema tsingtauensis Kao, Li & Chang, 1958
# Sunshine Music Tours and Travels

Sunshine Music Tours And Travels is a 2016 Indian road comedy-drama film, directed by Shailendra Singh (in his directorial debut) and produced by Hayre Entertainment and Percept Picture Company. The film revolves around the story of two young boys who are chasing their dreams and take up a road journey from Kashmir to Goa along with several strangers. The film features an ensemble cast of debutantes, including Sunny Kaushal. The film was shot in Kashmir, Delhi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad and Goa, while using real time footage of the Sunburn festival of 2015.

## Cast

* Sunny Kaushal as Sunburn
* Ashrut Abhinan Jain as Rajma Romeo
* Farhana Bhat as Kashmiri actress
* Jaswinder Singh as Sr. Sodhi
* Suhas Joshi as Peter Baba
* Himayat Sayed as Driver
* Divyajyotee Sharma as Pushpa
* Subha Rajput as Loveleen
* Nida Chakaborty as Kiran
* Deepak Kalra as Karan the Blogger
* Mayank Kalra as Pratab Singh Thakur
* Sooraj Ohri as Ayushmaan Singh
* Ruchi malviya as DJ Aman
* Poonam Gurung as Kara
* Ajit Singh Arora as Jr. Sodi
* Sundip Ved as Arjun Kamthe
* Ketan Raste as Cop
* Sanjay Kota as Ghungru
# David Shaw (British politician)

David Lawrence Shaw (14 November 1950 – 23 August 2022) was a British politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP). He was the Conservative Member for Dover from the 1987 general election until the 1997 election, when he lost the seat to Gwyn Prosser of Labour. He was one of the first British Members of Parliament to use the Internet to communicate.

## Early life

Shaw was born on 14 November 1950. He was educated at the King's College School, Wimbledon and the City of London Polytechnic.

## Political career

Shaw contested the Leigh, Greater Manchester, constituency at the 1979 general election, but was not elected.
Shaw was embroiled in the Pamella Bordes scandal after providing her with a House of Commons security pass. Bordes was "his part-time unpaid researcher" from the end of December 1988 until 21 February 1989, working on the Net Book Agreement.
In January 1998 the then Prime Minister Tony Blair described Shaw who had lost his seat nine months before as being "[both] nasty and ineffectual in equal quantities."
At the 2001 general election he stood in the London constituency of Kingston and Surbiton against the Liberal Democrat MP Ed Davey, who was defending a majority of just 56 from the election four years earlier. In the event, Davey held the seat with a majority increased by over 15,000.

### Political positions

* Chairman, Bow Group, 1983–84
* Founder, Transatlantic Conference, 1982
* Member, Social Security Select Committee, 1991–97
* Joint Chairman, All Party Committee on Dolphins, 1989–97
* Chairman, Conservative Backbench Smaller Businesses Committee, 1990–97 (Secretary, 1987–90)
* Vice Chairman, Conservative Backbench Finance Committee, 1991–97 (Hon. Secretary, 1990–91)
* Vice-Chairman, Kingston and Malden Conservative Association, 1979–86

## Professional career

Shaw was a chartered accountant and the founder, Chairman and Director, Sabrelance Ltd, corporate finance advisers, from 1983.

### Positions held

* FCA 1974
* Coopers & Lybrand, 1971–79
* County Bank, 1979–83
* Chairman: RRI PLC, 1994–2000
* 2020 Strategy Ltd, 1997–
* Deputy Chairman, The Adscene Group PLC, 1986–99
* Director, Nettec plc, 2003–05
* Member, Political, Communications and Marketing Committee
* Quoted Cos Alliance (formerly City Group for Smaller Quoted Companies), 1997–
* Member, Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Council, 1974–78
* Member, Board of Senior Advisors, Center for Global Economic Growth, Washington DC, 2005–
* Founder and Director, David Shaw Charitable Trust, 1994–
* Vice-President, Institute of Patentees and Inventors, 1996–

## Personal life and death

Shaw married Dr Lesley Brown in 1986. They had one son, born in September 1989 and one daughter, Annabel who addressed the Conservative Party Conference in 2009 at just 15 years of age. He died after a long illness on 23 August 2022, at the age of 71.
# An Invisible Minority: Brazilians in New York City

An Invisible Minority: Brazilians in New York City is a 1998 non-fiction book by Maxine L. Margolis, published by Allyn and Bacon as a part of the "New Immigration Series". A 2009 second edition was published by University Press of Florida.
The title refers to the ethnic Brazilian community of New York City, although as of the book's publication, the ethnic group had not organized an actual ethnic neighborhood for themselves.

## Background

The author had traveled to Brazil and collected data from people there, as well as from Brazilians who lived in New York City. Other sources used by the author include government documents and anthropological documents.

## Contents

The 2009 edition has six chapters. It includes additional research information contained from New York City and from elsewhere, and section on the effects of the September 11 attacks on obtaining a visa.

## Reception

Niyi Afolabi of the University of Texas at Austin called the 2009 book edition "cogent".
Robert Elliot Barkan of California State University San Bernardino described the original edition as "one of the more satisfying theoretically-based works."