OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emmeloord

Emmeloord is the administrative centre of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, Flevoland, Netherlands. In 2019, it had a population of 26,055.

## Overview

At the heart of the Noordoostpolder, where the three main drainage canals Lemstervaart, Urkervaart and Zwolsevaart intersect, is the city of Emmeloord (1943). Named after an abandoned village on the island of Schokland, Emmeloord is located in a polder: land reclaimed from the IJsselmeer, which earlier was part of the sea. Planned from the outset to be the first and the only major town of the polder, it is the local government and services centre.
The first district built was called the Onkruidbuurt ("weed neighbourhood"). Street names were chosen from the weeds that were growing all around on the former sea floor, like reed (Rietstraat), thistle (Distelstraat) and sea aster (Zeeasterstraat).
From Emmeloord three main canals take their water to three pumping stations: the Buma near Lemmer (north), the Smeenge at Vollenhove (south-east) and the Vissering on Urk (south-west).
In the center of Emmeloord there is a 65 meter tall water tower called the Poldertoren. The tower is the central point of the Noordoostpolder and could be seen from almost every location in the early years of the Noordoostpolder, when there were no tall trees. In Japan there is a replica of this water tower.

## Surrounding villages

Ten smaller villages, conceived more as agricultural communities, were planned in a wide circle around Emmeloord, with the distances between them determined to be easily reachable by bicycle. In order from first to last, these settlements were Marknesse (1946), Ens (1948), Kraggenburg (1948), Luttelgeest 1950, Bant (1951), Rutten (1952), Creil (1953), Nagele (1954), Espel (1956) and finally Tollebeek (1956).

## Transportation

There is no railway station in Emmeloord, but good bus connections exist to the nearest stations. Only relevant rail connections are mentioned in below table:
| Station | Destinations | Bus route to station |
| Lelystad Centrum, Lelystad | Almere, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, The Hague, Rotterdam | Bus 214 |
| Kampen, Kampen | Zwolle | Bus 141, 641 |
| Zwolle, Zwolle | Emmen, Almelo, Enschede, Deventer, Arnhem, 's-Hertogenbosch, Amersfoort, Utrecht | Bus 71, 641 |
| Heerenveen, Heerenveen | Leeuwarden | Bus 315, 324 (Qliner) |
The connection with Heerenveen, Drachten and Groningen is ensured by Arriva Qliner intercity buses.
Emmeloord lies at the intersection of the A6 motorway and the N50 dual carriageway, providing a rapid connection to Amsterdam, Zwolle and Friesland.

## Gallery

* Reformed church De Hoeksteen
* Roman Catholic church Heilige Michael
* View of a pencil shaped apartment building adjacent to canal Espelervaart
* View of a bridge over canal Urkervaart
* Canal Lemstervaart
# Gemerek District

Gemerek District is a district of the Sivas Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Gemerek. Its area is 1,131 km$^2$, and its population is 21,276 (2022).

## Composition

There are three municipalities in Gemerek District:
* Çepni
* Gemerek
* Sızır
There are 34 villages in Gemerek District:
* Akçaşar
* Baştepe
* Bulhasan
* Burhanköy
* Çatköy
* Cesurlar
* Çiçekoğlu
* Dendil
* Durgunsu
* Eğerci
* Ekizce
* Eşikli
* Eskiçubuk
* Eskiyurt
* Hacıyusuf
* İnkışla
* Karaağıl
* Karaerkek
* Karagöl
* Kartalkaya
* Keklicek
* Kocaoğlu
* Köseli
* Küçüktuzhisar
* Kümeören
* Örenyurt
* Osmanuşağı
* Öziçi
* Seydinali
* Talazoğlu
* Tatlıpınar
* Tekmen
* Yeniköy
* Yeşilöz
# Eleazar (High Priest)

Eleazar was a Jewish High Priest (c. 260–245 BC) during the Second Temple period. He was the son of Onias I and brother of Simon I.
Eleazar was the high priest involved in communication with Ptolemy II Philadelphus discussed in the Letter of Aristeas. According to the letter, Eleazar sent seventy two scholars, six from each of the tribes of Israel to the island of Pharos, in order to provide the Library of Alexandria with a Greek translation of the Hebrew Law, also called the Septuagint.
He was succeeded by his uncle Manasseh.
# 1968 elections in India

Elections in the Republic of India in 1968 included elections to the Haryana Legislative Assembly and to seats in the Rajya Sabha.

## Legislative Assembly elections
### Haryana

Elections were held in 1968 in Haryana State for the Haryana Legislative Assembly
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Indian National Congress | 1,114,176 | 43.83 | 48 |
| | Vishal Haryana Party | 377,744 | 14.86 | 16 |
| | Bharatiya Jana Sangh | 265,739 | 10.45 | 7 |
| | Swatantra Party | 207,843 | 8.18 | 2 |
| | Bharatiya Kranti Dal | 48,298 | 1.90 | 1 |
| | Republican Party of India | 40,597 | 1.60 | 1 |
| | Sanyukta Socialist Party | 23,936 | 0.94 | 0 |
| | Akali Dal - Sant Fateh Singh | 15,055 | 0.59 | 0 |
| | Communist Party of India | 8,210 | 0.32 | 0 |
| | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 3,632 | 0.14 | 0 |
| | Praja Socialist Party | 1,801 | 0.07 | 0 |
| | Independents | 434,907 | 17.11 | 6 |
| Total | Total | 2,541,938 | 100.00 | 81 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,541,938 | 97.52 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 64,729 | 2.48 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,606,667 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 4,552,539 | 57.26 | |
| Source: ECI |||||
# Journaling block device

JBD, or journaling block device, is a generic block device journaling layer in the Linux kernel written by Stephen Tweedie from Red Hat. JBD is filesystem-independent. ext3, ext4 and OCFS2 are known to use JBD.
JBD exists in two versions, JBD and JBD2. JBD was created with ext3 in 1998. JBD2 was forked from JBD in 2006 with ext4, with the goal of supporting a 64-bit (as opposed to 32-bit-only in JBD) block number. As a result, the maximum volume size in ext4 is increased to 1 EiB compared to 16 TiB in ext3 (assuming 4 KiB blocks). JBD2 is backward-compatible. OCFS2 starting from Linux 2.6.28 uses JBD2. The old JBD was removed with the dedicated ext3 driver in Linux 4.3 (2015).

## JBD structures
### Atomic handle

An atomic handle is basically a collection of all the low-level changes that occur during a single high-level atomic update to the file system. The atomic handle guarantees that the high-level update either happens or not, because the actual changes to the file system are flushed only after logging the atomic handle in the journal.

### Transaction

For the sake of efficiency and performance, JBD groups several atomic handles into a single transaction, which is written to the journal after a fixed amount of time elapses or there is no free space left on the journal to fit it.
The transaction has several states:
* Running - it means that the transaction is still live and can accept more handles
* Locked - not accepting new handles, but the existing ones are still unfinished
* Flush - the transaction is complete and is being written to the journal
* Commit - the transaction is written to the journal and now the changes are being applied to the file system
* Finished - the transaction has been fully written to the journal and the block device. It can be deleted from the journal.

## Recovery

Based on the transaction states, the JBD is able to determine which transactions need to be replayed (or reapplied) to the file system.

## Sources

* ↑ "The Linux Journalling API". The Linux Kernel documentation.
* 1 2 3 4 Kedar Sovani (June 20, 2006). "Linux: The Journaling Block Device". KernelTrap. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26.
* ↑ Stephen C. Tweedie (May 1998). "Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem" (PDF). Proceedings of the 4th Annual LinuxExpo, Durham, NC. Retrieved 2007-06-23.
* ↑ Mingming Cao (9 August 2006). "Forking ext4 filesystem and JBD2" (Mailing list). Linux kernel mailing list.
* ↑ "Linux 2.6.28". kernelnewbies.org. 2008.
* ↑ Corbet, Jonathan. "rm -r fs/ext3". LWN.net.
* This Linux-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ice hockey in Italy

Ice hockey in Italy is governed by the Federazione Italiana Sport del Ghiaccio. The Serie A was founded in 1925, which was merged with the Inter-National League to become the Alps Hockey League in 2016. The second level Serie B, and the third level Serie C operate below it. Italian men's, women's, man's U-20, man's U-18, and women's U-18 national teams participate at the IIHF World Championships. Italy has been a member of the IIHF since January 24, 1924.
# Jean-François Mattei

Jean-François Mattei (born 14 January 1943) is a French doctor and politician.

## Medical career

Jean-François Mattei is a professor of pediatrics and genetics. He served as the director of Genetics at the teaching hospital of Marseilles. He was an advisor of the Comité consultatif national d'éthique (CCNE) until 1997, and has been a titular member of the French Académie Nationale de Médecine since June 2000. He was also the president of the French Red Cross. until 22 June 2013.

## Elected positions

On 4 December 1989, he was elected to the second district of Bouches-du-Rhône, replacing Jean-Claude Gaudin, who had been elected to the Senate; he was then re-elected to this position in 1993, 1997, and 2002. Dominique Tian replaced him in 2007. Since 1983 he has been a councillor of the municipality of Marseille, and a regional advisor for Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Mattei originally belonged to the Union for French Democracy (UDF), and was elected chairman of the Liberal Democracy and Independents (DLI) when it split from the UDF in October 2000. Later he joined Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).

## Role in 2003 heat wave

Mattei served as health minister during the 2003 European heat wave, in which over 11000 French people, mostly elderly, died of heat-related illnesses.
# Khatuna Samnidze

Khatuna Samnidze (Georgian: ხათუნა სამნიძე, born 28 November 1978) is a Georgian politician and chairwoman of the Republican Party of Georgia (SRP).

## Biography

Samnidze completed a management degree at the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg in 2003. From 2004 to 2008 she was a member of the parliament of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara. She has been a member of the SRP since 2005.
From 2010 to 2013, Samnidze was the Heinrich Böll Foundation's program coordinator for the South Caucasus. She has been the Republican Party Chairwoman since 2013. From 2014 to 2017, she was a member of the Tbilisi City Council (Sakrebulo). In the 2020 election, she was elected to the Parliament of Georgia on the joint list of the United National Movement and the SRP. She chairs the parliamentary group Reform Group and is a member of the Economics Committee.
# Emu (ship)

Several ships have been named Emu for the emu:
* Emu (1812 ship) was a merchant ship built at Liverpool that transported convicts to Australia. An American privateer captured her in 1812 as she was carrying female convicts to Van Diemen's Land.
* Emu (1813 ship) (sometimes "His Majesty's armed brig Emu", was a merchant ship built at Dartmouth in 1813. The British government engaged her to go out to New South Wales to serve the colony there. She spent about a year transporting people and supplies between New South Wales and then the colonial government sent her back to England in 1816. On her way she stopped at the Cape Colony where she was wrecked in 1817.
* Emu (1837), of 29310⁄94 tons (bm), was a barque built by Wigram's, of Blackwall, London, for their own account for use in the Australia trade. Wigram's sold her in 1857. Last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1869.
* Emu, a barque of 306 tons (bm), registered in Tasmania in 1849 where she was employed in whaling.

## Citations

* ↑ Historic Shipping; Robert Wigram, Family and Associates - Shipbuilders and Ship Owners.
# Justice Hunter

Justice Hunter may refer to:
* Donald Hunter (judge) (1911–1991), associate justice and chief justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana
* Hocking H. Hunter (1801–1872), associate justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
* John A. Hunter (judge) (1833–1887), chief justice of the Utah Supreme Court
* Robert N. Hunter Jr. (born 1947), associate justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court
* Robert T. Hunter (c. 1908–2000), associate justice of the Washington Supreme Court
# Electoral district of Wickham

Electoral district of Wickham may refer to:
* Electoral district of Wickham (New South Wales)
* Electoral district of Wickham (Queensland)
# 1968 Yale vs. Harvard football game

The 1968 Yale vs. Harvard football game was a college football game between the Yale Bulldogs and the Harvard Crimson, played on November 23, 1968. The game ended in a 29–29 tie after Harvard made what is considered a miraculous last-moment comeback, scoring 16 points in the final 42 seconds to tie the game against a highly touted Yale squad. The significance of the moral victory for Harvard inspired the next day's The Harvard Crimson student newspaper to print the famous headline "Harvard Beats Yale, 29–29". In 2010, ESPN ranked it No. 9 in its list of the top ten college football ties of all time.
Yale came into the game with a 16-game winning streak and its quarterback, Brian Dowling, had only lost one game when he was in the starting lineup since the sixth grade. Both schools entered the game with perfect 8–0 records. It was the first time both schools met when undefeated and untied since the 1909 season.
The tie left both teams 8–0–1 for the season. The famous headline was later used as the title for Harvard Beats Yale 29–29, a 2008 documentary about the game directed by Kevin Rafferty. Actor Tommy Lee Jones, who played on the offensive line for Harvard in the game, was interviewed for the documentary.
This game stands as the final tie in the Harvard–Yale series, as subsequent rule changes have eliminated ties from college football.
# Khaled Ben Slimane

Khaled Ben Slimane (born 1951 in Sousse) is a Tunisian artist mostly known for his ceramic work. He lives and works in Tunisia.

## Biography

Khaled Ben Slimane graduated in ceramics at the Institut Technologique d'Art, d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme in Tunis in 1977, and then studied at the Escuela Massana de Barcelona before returning to Tunisia in 1979.
Khaled Ben Slimane traveled in India, Iran and Pakistan between 1975 and 1976, and lived in Tokyo from 1982 to 1983, where he collaborated with Japanese ceramists.

## Work

In his work, Khaled Ben Slimane mixes Islamic art with a form of Westernized beauty.

## Awards

* 1990: Elected member of the International Academy of Ceramics in Geneva.
# Goran Marić

Goran Marić may refer to:
* Goran Marić (footballer) (born 1984), Serbian footballer
* Goran Marić (volleyball) (born 1981), Serbian volleyball player
* Goran Marić (politician) (fl. 2016–2019), Croatian Minister of State Property
# Jean-Pierre Timbaud

Jean-Pierre Timbaud (Payzac, Dordogne, September 20, 1904 – Chateaubriant, October 22, 1941) was the secretary of the steelworkers’ trade union section of the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT). He took part in the strikes which preceded the Popular Front. During the Second World War, he joined the Resistance and organized clandestine trade union committees.
Jean-Pierre Timbaud was executed by the Germans on October 22, 1941, along with 26 other Communist hostages detained in Châteaubriant, in punishment of the October 20 execution of Feldkommandant Karl Hotz, commander of the German troops in the Loire-Inférieure region, who was assassinated in Nantes by Resistants. Guy Môquet, 17 years old, was also part of the executed communist hostages, as well as Charles Michels, a Communist deputy of the 15th arrondissement of Paris. Jacques Duclos, Secretary General of the French Communist Party, said in an interview in the film The Sorrow and the Pity (1969), that Jean-Pierre Timbaud died crying out "Long live the German Communist Party!", while Léon Blum declared during the Riom Trial that he had sung the "Marseillaise" before the firing squad. Louis Aragon also stated: “The name of Timbaud among the Châteaubriant hostages was to be my direct reason, my individual reason to accept the clandestine duty which fell on me.”
Several cities in France, such as Paris and Limoges, have streets named after him. Previously, a street in East Berlin was named Timbaudstraße after him as well, but after German reunification, the street was renamed Fredersdorfer Straße.
Timbaud is the first name on the memorial to Heroes of the French Resistance in Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
# Jošanica, Montenegro

Jošanica (Serbian Cyrillic: Јошаница) is a small settlement in the municipality of Andrijevica, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2023 census, it had a population of 54 people.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 63 | 64.9% |
| Montenegrins | 32 | 33.0% |
| other/undeclared | 2 | 2.1% |
| Total | 97 | 100% |
# Gabriel Gregorios

Gabriel Mar Gregorios (born 10 February 1948) is Metropolitan of the Diocese of Thiruvananthapuram of the Indian (Malankara) Orthodox Church.
# Gabon at the Paralympics

Gabon made its Paralympic Games début at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, sending a single athlete (wheelchair athlete Thierry Mabicka) to compete in track and field. Mabicka entered two events: the 800m race (T54 category), and the javelin (F57/58). In the former, he was disqualified, apparently "for attempting to race others with a non-racing wheelchair". In the latter, he finished last of fourteen, his throw of 11.72m earning him 302 points.

## Full results for Gabon at the Paralympics

| Name | Games | Sport | Event | Score | Rank |
| Thierry Mabicka | 2008 Beijing | Athletics | Men's 800m T54 | DSQ | DSQ in heat 4; did not advance |
| Thierry Mabicka | 2008 Beijing | Athletics | Men's Javelin F57/58 | 11.72m => 302pts | 14th (out of 14) |
# Gabon beaked snake

The Gabon beaked snake (Letheobia caeca) is a species of blind snake in the family Typhlopidae. It is endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. It is known from Gabon (its type locality), Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ghana. However, the identity of different populations is not fully clear.
# Juan De Marchi

Juan De Marchi (10 June 1866 – 1943) was an Italian-born anarchist. He is best known for his friendship and influential role in the development of Salvador Allende's political identity.

## Biography

Giovanni De Marchi, whose surname was also spelled as Demarchi, was born in Turin, the former capital of the Kingdom of Italy. In 1893, when he aged twenty-seven, De Marchi moved from Italy to Argentina, where he was involved with the Latin-American anarchist movement that arose around the newspaper Umanità Nova, stoked by figures such as Pietro Gori and Errico Malatesta. Later on, he moved in Chile, where he worked as a shoemaker in Valparaíso, where he would later meet Salvador Allende himself. When De Marchi was about sixty-three years old, Allende was attending high school at the Liceo Eduardo de la Barra in Valparaíso. It was at that time that the adolescent Allende came into contact with De Marchi's political and intellectual ideas. As Allende once said:
   When I was a boy, aged about fourteen or fifteen years, after the lessons at the high-school of Valparaíso, I usually was going in the workshop of a shoemaker, Juan De Marchi, an Italian anarchist, by whom I was eager to stop exchanging opinions about foreign and national situation. De Marchi was aged 63 at the time, and he willingly agreed to talk to me about events of life; he even lent me his books and, furthermore, he taught me to play chess.
According to other interviewers, De Marchi had an important role in shaping Allende's ideology. The relationship between De Marchi and Allende played a significant role in Roberto Ampuero's Spanish language novel El Último Tango de Salvador Allende (The Last Tango of Salvador Allende). De Marchi died in 1943 during World War II.

## Sources

* ↑ Patricio Guzmán, Salvador Allende, 2004 (film documentary).
* ↑ Excerpt from «Releyendo A Salvador Allende», in Investigaciones sobre la historia del marxismo en América Latina; Bravo y Allende Editores, 2001 ISBN 956-7003-70-X, ISBN 978-956-7003-70-9
* ↑ Régis Debray, La via cilena: intervista con Salvador Allende, 1971, Feltrinelli
* ↑ Patricio Guzmán, Salvator Allende - La memoria ostinata, Feltrinelli, 2006 ISBN 88-07-74017-6
http://www.elciudadano.cl/2011/09/20/41068/juan-demarchi-el-maestro-anarquista-de-allende/
# Juan de Zúñiga Flores

Juan de Zúñiga Flores (died 20 December 1602) was Bishop of Cartagena from 24 January 1600 until his death, and Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 29 July 1602 until his death.
# Gay and Devilish

Gay and Devilish is a 1922 American silent comedy film directed by William A. Seiter and starring Doris May, Cullen Landis and Otis Harlan.

## Cast

* Doris May as Fanchon Browne
* Cullen Landis as Peter Armitage
* Otis Harlan as Peter Armitage, the uncle
* Jacqueline Logan as Lilah Deane
* Bull Montana as Tony
* Lila Leslie as Aunt Bessie
* Edward Cooper as The Butler
* Arthur Millett as First Detective
* Kingsley Benedict as Second Detective
* Milton Ross as Third Detective
* George Periolat as Nethercote
# El Mahmal

El Mahmal is a town and commune in Khenchela Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 30,484.
# Géza Révész (psychologist)

Géza Révész (Siófok, Hungary, 9 December 1878 — Amsterdam, Netherlands, 19 August 1955) was a Hungarian-Dutch psychologist of Jewish heritage, and is regarded as one of the pioneers of European psychology.

## Life

Révész was born in the Siófok, Hungary, a town located at Lake Balaton, where his father owned a famous vineyard. He studied law in Budapest and received his doctorate in 1902, when he finished his dissertation entitled Das Trauerjahr der Witwe.
Révész continued his studies at various German universities, including in Göttingen. While in Göttingen, he studied psychology with Georg Elias Müller, with whom he completed his doctorate and his thesis Über die vom Weiß ausgehende Schwächung der Wirksamkeit farbiger Lichtreize in 1905. During this time, Révész also became friends with phenomenological psychologists David Katz, Gustav Kafka and Edgar Rubin, who all played a role in the emergence of Gestalt psychology.
In 1906, Révész returned to Budapest, and went to work at the University of Budapest. He was assistant to the Austrian physiologist Franz Tangl. The late psychologist Imre Hermann was his assistant there. Révész worked at the university as an experimental psychologist. Initially, he studied hearing. In 1913, he proposed observing pitches for a two-component model. From 1909 to 1915, he studied musical prodigy Ervin Nyiregyházi. Révész was also a professor of psychology during his time at the University of Budapest.
In 1920, at the invitation of Gerard Heymans, Révész left Hungary for the Netherlands. At the University of Amsterdam, he was appointed as private teacher and began his research into the sense of touch. Along with Philip Kohnstamm, Révész ran the psychological-pedagogical laboratory, but this did not last long due to lack of funds.
In 1932, Révész was awarded a full professorship in the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Amsterdam. In that capacity, he was a promoter of Adriaan de Groot and Nico Frijda. With David Katz, Révész founded in 1935 the journal Acta Psychologica . In 1933, he opened his own psychological laboratory, with 40 rooms and an auditorium, which was unprecedented at that time in Europe. He worked there with Philip Kohnstamm, with whom he fled the Netherlands in 1938 because the growing situation in Germany.
Révész died at the age of 76 in Amsterdam. His work on the psychology of music is still relevant today. The Pierson Révész Library of the University of Amsterdam was named after him. The filmmaker/photographer Emile Moerkerken was a staunch supporter of Révész.