OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catalyst Code

Catalyst Code: The Strategies Behind the World's Most Dynamic Companies is a book by Market Platform Dynamics founder David S. Evans and MIT economist (and former dean of the MIT Sloan School of Management) Richard L. Schmalensee published in 2007.

## Overview

Catalyst Code is the first full-length book to examine the unique strategic problems faced by economic catalysts (or multi-sided platform businesses), enterprises that add value by facilitating interactions between two or more groups of customers who need each other in some way. Some familiar examples of economic catalysts are matchmakers old and new, auction houses, securities markets, magazines, search engines, shopping centers, credit and debit cards, and software platforms. (The authors analyzed the last two of these in the books Paying with Plastic and Invisible Engines, respectively.)
Catalyst Code draws on recent advances in economic theory, begun by Jean-Charles Rochet and Jean Tirole, and extensive interviews conducted by the business strategy consulting firm Market Platform Dynamics, with which both authors are affiliated. The book explains how economic catalysts differ from ordinary, single-sided businesses and presents a new six-part framework for devising strategies for launching and sustaining successful catalyst businesses.
Topics discussed include:
* Chapter 1: What is a Catalyst? explores the profound difference between catalyst businesses and the single-sided businesses that tend to economics and business academics.
* Chapter 2: Building a Catalyst Strategy explains the importance of building, stimulating, and governing a catalyst business.
* Chapter 3: Identify the Catalyst Community discusses the need for determining the parameters of the possible communities to be served by a new catalyst business, and uses as examples Tufts-New England Medical Center, YouTube, MySpace.com, Diners Club and DoCoMo.
* Chapter 4: Establish a Pricing Structure looks at the factors involved in creating value propositions that persuade all the necessary groups of customers to begin and continue using the platform.
* Chapter 5: Design the Catalyst for Success explores solving the "chicken-and-egg" problem that is common to catalyst businesses.
* Chapter 6: Focus on Profitability examines profitability issues in a multisided business.
* Chapter 7: Compete Strategically with Other Catalysts looks at competition from both sides - how a catalyst entrepreneur can challenge an entrenched catalyst of today, and how a successful catalyst can defend itself against emerging challengers.
* Chapter 8: Experiment and Evolve advises catalyst business entrepreneurs and executives to embrace experimentation as important in igniting a catalytic reaction and to adopt an evolutionary strategy for growth.
* Chapter 9: Cracking the Catalyst Code warns that creating a successful catalyst business code is complex, especially in niches where both profit opportunities and risks are the greatest.
# Frederick Scourse

Rear Admiral Frederick Peter Scourse CB MBE FREng (born 23 June 1944) is a former Royal Navy officer who became Acting Controller of the Navy. He was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2000.

## Naval career

Scourse joined the Royal Navy in 1962 and chose to specialize in submarines. He was appointed assistant director for the Trident submarine programme and then Head of Reactor Safety before becoming Military Assistant to the Chief of Defence Procurement in 1987. He went on to be Director-General of Surface Weapons in 1988. In 1996 he was appointed Acting Controller of the Navy and Director-General of Surface Ships; he retired in 1997.
In retirement he became Nuclear Weapons Safety Advisor to the Ministry of Defence as well as a consultant to the Office of Government Commerce.
# Frederick Scott (designer)

Frederick Scott (14 July 1942 – 31 January 2001) was a British designer who was best known for creating the Supporto chair.
Scott was born in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire in 1942. Scott began his career as an apprentice at the G Plan factory, before going on to study furniture design at the Royal College of Art in 1963. In 1969 Scott was engaged as a designer for the modern furniture manufacturer Hille. The company was keen to develop its range by commissioning designers to work with new plastics, following its success with Robin Day's polypropylene chair. Scott's designs exploited the possibilities of moulding offered by polyurethane, and he rapidly made his mark with innovative and distinctive designs such as the Elephant chair and the Athena chair, and in 1974 Hille launched his folding chair.
Scott also worked on a new design for a wheelchair for disabled people, and this work inspired him to design an ergonomic aluminium office chair, the Supporto office chair, in 1976. Despite the commercial risk involved in its manufacture, Hille took a risk and brought the Supporto to market in 1979. It became an internationally successful product, and the chair was soon complemented by other seating and tables in the Supporto range. Supporto is still in production today, manufactured by Zoeftig Limited.

## Awards and recognition

* Design Award from the Design Council
* High back Supporto the best office chair according to The Independent.
# Catoptria pauperellus

Catoptria pauperellus is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania.
# Cedar Township, Black Hawk County, Iowa

Cedar Township is one of seventeen rural townships in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1761.

## Geography

Cedar Township covers an area of 28.09 square miles (72.8 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Anton and Washburn.
# Free School Milk

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Guardian | |
| musicOMH | |
Free School Milk is the first album by the English band Tiny Dancers. It was released on 11 June 2007 in the UK.

## Critical reception

PopMatters wrote that "with a proper mixture of bouncy pop songs and acoustically dramatic folk, Tiny Dancers' debut is wholesomely enjoyable due to its strikingly eclectic characteristics." NME called the album "a lovely aural pipe-and-slippers, full of delightful harmonies, jaunty jollity and dewy-eyed sadness in equal measure." The Line of Best Fit called it "an aural delight of wide eyed power pop, country tinged hoedowns and tender balladry."

## Track listing

* "20 To 9" (4:32)
* "I Will Wait For You" (3:11)
* "Baby Love" (3:01)
* "Shame" (2:43)
* "Ashes And Diamonds" (4:20)
* "Bonfire of The Night" (2:54)
* "Moon Song #2" (5:48)
* "Hannah We Know" (3:35)
* "Hemsworth Hallway" (3:47)
* "Sun Goes Down" (4:56)
* "I've Got to Go" (3:23)
* "Deep Water" (5:39)

## Singles

* "I Will Wait For You" (March 2007) UK #36
* "Hannah We Know" (May 2007) UK #33
# Caughnawaga

Caughnawaga or Kahnawake may refer to:
* Caughnawaga Indian Village Site, a village of the Mohawk nation inhabited from 1666 to 1693, now an archaeological site near the village of Fonda, New York
* Caughnawaga, New York, a town in Montgomery County eliminated by subdivision in 1793
* Caughnawaga Indians, Native Americans who converted to Christianity
* Kahnawake 14, Quebec, Mohawk reserve south of the St. Lawrence River and Montreal
# Freedom Bondage

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Austin Chronicle | |
Freedom Bondage is an album by Zeni Geva released in August 1995 via Alternative Tentacles.

## Track listing

* "Alienation" – 1:34
* "Alienation pt. 2" – 1:11
* "Death Blows" – 3:23
* "Burn Your Flesh Out" – 3:47
* "Disorganization" – 3:14
* "Hate Trader/Interzona" – 6:02
* "Shi No Umi (Sea of Death)" – 4:07
* "Freedom Bondage" – 4:19
* "Ground Zero" – 10:58

## Personnel

* Kazuyuki K. Null – vocals, electric guitar, keyboards, percussion
* Mitsuru Tabata – acoustic guitar, electric guitars
* Eito Noro – drums, percussion
# Fred Petersen (rugby league)

Fred Petersen is a Samoan former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. Petersen also represented Samoa in the 2000 World Cup.

## Playing career

Petersen played for the Penrith Panthers between 1996 and 2001, playing in 15 National Rugby League matches. He played for the Junior Kiwis in 1997. In 2000 he was named in the Samoan squad for the World Cup. During the first match against Ireland he was concussed and he did not play in another match in the competition.
He joined the Sydney City Roosters in 2003 and played in two first grade matches for the club. In 2004 he joined the Parramatta Eels but spent the season in the NSWRL Premier League.
# Catholic Church of Mount Lu

Catholic Church of Mount Lu (simplified Chinese: 庐山天主堂; traditional Chinese: 廬山天主堂; pinyin: Lúshān Tiānzhǔtáng) is a Catholic Church on Mount Lu in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.

## History

The Catholic Church of Mount Lu was originally built in 1908, three years before the fall of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). It is said that the church was designed and built by French missionary Louis-Elisée Fatiguet (樊体爱).
It was inscribed as a municipal-level protection unit by the Jiujiang Municipal Government in 1986.

## Architecture

The church faces the south and its shape is like a rectangle. It is 18-metre (59 ft) long, 9-metre (30 ft) wide and 16-metre (52 ft) high. There is a cross on the roof.

## Gallery

* Stele in the Catholic Church of Mount Lu
* Gate of the Catholic Church of Mount Lu
* Internal of the Catholic Church of Mount Lu
# Caudatoscelis lagrecai

Caudatoscelis lagrecai is a species of mantis in the family Amorphoscelidae.
# Caudebec

Caudebec is a place name that may refer to two places on the river Seine in France:
* Caudebec-en-Caux, Seine-Maritime, France
* Caudebec-lès-Elbeuf, Seine-Maritime, France, about 80 km (50 mi) upstream of Caudebec-en-Caux
# Cayo

Cayo or cayó may refer to:
* Cayo (film), a 2005 Puerto Rican film starring Roselyn Sánchez
* Cayo District, a district in the west of the nation of Belize
** San Ignacio, Belize, a town in the Cayo District (originally named "El Cayo")
* Caio, Carmarthenshire, a village in Wales sometimes spelt with a 'y'
** Cayo Hundred, a geographic division named after the village
* "Cayó", a 2022 song by Arca
* Elsa Cayo (born 1951), Peruvian filmmaker
# Celestino Álvarez

Celestino Álvarez González, writer and journalist born in the municipality of Boal, in the Principality of Asturias (Spain), was one of the most famous and most important figures in Cuba and the only emigrant from the Principality to receive the title of Hijo Predilecto de Asturias (Favourite Son of Asturias).
He was first President and, subsequently, President of Honor of the Sociedad de Instrucción Naturales del Concejo de Boal (Association for the Education Natives of the Municipality of Boal), and thus he played a fundamental role in the construction of schools in his native municipality, and started in Cuba a collection which later allowed to build the road between Villanueva and Boal.
Furthermore, in 1919, he established the monthly magazine "El Progreso de Asturias" (The Progress of Asturias), the most important one of the asturian emigration, which he would run until his death in 1957.
# Frederick Bulley

Frederick Bulley (1810 – 3 September 1885) was President of Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1855 until his death.
Frederick (or Frederic) was born in Reading in Berkshire in 1810, the third son of Dr. John Bulley of that place and his wife, Charlotte, the daughter of Capt. Samuel Pocock of Beenham House, also in Berkshire. He matriculated at the University of Oxford, as a member of Magdalen College, on 26 July 1825 at the age of 14. He obtained his BA degree in 1829 (a third-class degree in Literae Humaniores), his MA in 1832, his BD degree in 1840 and his DD degree in 1855. He was a Fellow of Magdalen College, and a Tutor in law and history.
He was elected President of Magdalen College on 5 January 1855, in succession to Martin Routh who had been President from 1791 until his death in 1854. The Times said on his election that he was "much respected throughout the University" and was the expected successor. During his time as President, his "extreme kindness and urbanity of manner" was noted.
Bulley had a country mansion called Marston Hill House, built in 1884–5 in Marston Meysey parish, in the north of Wiltshire, close to Gloucestershire. He died on 3 September 1885 in Fairford, Gloucestershire.
# Frederick Burbidge

Frederick Burbidge may refer to:
* Frederick William Burbidge (1847–1905), British explorer
* Frederick Burbidge (cricketer) (1832–1892), English cricketer
# Ghora Katora

Ghora Katora (Aimee Maganda), which means "Horse Bowl", is a natural lake near the city of Rajgir in the Indian state of Bihar. The shape of the lake resembles that of a horse and is surrounded by mountains on three of the sides. The lake attracts migratory birds from Siberia and central Asia during winter.

## History

Then chief minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar, visited for the first time in 2009 as an attempt to popularize the area for eco-tourism. On 29 January 2011, the lake was opened to the general public. A 70 feet high Buddha statue was inaugurated in November 2018.

## Attractions

The lake has facilities for paddle boating, a cafeteria, and guest rooms. A statue of Buddha sits in the middle of the lake. The 70 feet tall statue is constructed of 45,000 cubic foot of pink sandstone. The location is one of the cleanest sight-seeing locations in Rajgir.

## Geography

It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Rajgir. A 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) long forested road connects Rajgir to Ghora Katora. Motor vehicles are prohibited near the lake.
# F U Kristmas!

"F U Kristmas!" is a Christmas single by British singer Kim Wilde and thrash metal band Lawnmower Deth. The single was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on iTunes and Google Play Music and on CD on 18 December 2017.
There are two versions of the main track, both with parental advisories for strong language: "F U Kristmas! (Clean Mix)" and "Fuck You Kristmas! (Sweary Mix)", the lyrics of the latter containing more explicit language. Both versions were made available on streaming sites Apple Music and Deezer on 1 December 2017.

## Background

The song was written by Pete Lee, Paddy O'Maley, Steve Nesfield and Kim and Ricky Wilde and recorded by Kim Wilde and Lawnmower Deth in 2017. It has been described as an "anti-Christmas song" and a "punk and thrash-metal crossover number with thrashing riffs and hardcore vocals."
Wilde described working with the band as a "collaboration bound to happen" since joining them on stage at Download Festival in 2016, adding it was "a personal highlight of [her] career." She has previously stated that Lawnmower Deth’s cover of her debut single "Kids in America" is her favourite version of the track and credited the band with the idea of them collaborating on a Christmas song. Pete Lee, vocalist for Lawnmower Deth, said the collaboration was "the greatest project [the band has] been involved in."

## Music video

A music video accompanying the release of "F U Kristmas!" was released onto Kim Wilde's Vevo YouTube channel on 1 December 2017 at a total length of three minutes and one second.
# Chinemesa

Chinemesa is a little-known genus of thread-legged bug (Emesinae) apparently endemic to Borneo. Only four species have been described and the three described by Wygodzinsky in 1966 have not been observed since.

## Species list

* Chinemesa feminata Wygodzinsky, 1966
* Chinemesa murudiana Wygodzinsky, 1966
* Chinemesa poiana Wygodzinsky, 1966
* Chinemesa uniannulata Redei, 2007
# Dan Stav

Dan Stav is an Israeli diplomat. He served as Israel's ambassador to Azerbaijan from 31 August 2015 until November 2019, and as ambassador to Nepal from 2005 until 2010.

## Biography

Dan Stav was born in Israel to a family of refugees from Germany. He studied International Relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

## Diplomatic career

As ambassador to Nepal, Stav organized a four-day environmental workshop attended by representatives of the UN's World Food Program and GTZ (German Technical Cooperation). As ambassador to Azerbaijan, he described the country as historically tolerant and welcoming of all citizens, including Jews. "There are strong ties between the Jewish and Azerbaijani people that were laid many centuries ago and today play an important role in further strengthening relations between our countries," he said."
# Dance (With U)

"Dance (With U)" is the second single released by British R&B singer Lemar and his first for Sony Music UK after coming third place in the BBC show Fame Academy. The single became a hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart in 2003. Elsewhere, the song reached number six in New Zealand and became a top-40 hit in Ireland, Italy, and the Netherlands.

## Track listings

UK CD1
* "Dance (With U)" (radio edit) – 3:08
* "Dance (With U)" (Blacksmith R&B rub featuring Jahzell) – 4:38
* "Dance (With U)" (JD aka Dready remix) – 4:18
* "Dance (With U)" (video)
UK CD2
* "Dance (With U)" (album version) – 3:44
* "Dance (With U)" (Full Intention vocal mix) – 6:29
* "All I Ever Do (My Boo)" (album version) – 3:26
UK cassette single
* "Dance (With U)" (radio edit) – 3:08
* "All I Ever Do (My Boo)" (album version) – 3:26
Australian CD1
* "Dance (With U)" (radio edit) – 3:08
* "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" – 3:33
* "Dance (With U)" (JD aka Dready remix) – 4:18
* "Dance (With U)" (Blacksmith R&B rub) – 4:38
Australian CD2
* "Dance (With U)" (radio edit) – 3:08
* "Dance (With U)" (Blacksmith R&B rub featuring Jahzell) – 4:38
* "Dance (With U)" (Kardinal Beats 'live' remix) – 4:17
* "Dance (With U)" (JD aka Dready remix) – 4:18

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Dance (With U)" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 18 August 2003 | CD | Sony Music UK |
| United Kingdom | 25 August 2003 | 12-inch vinylcassette | Sony Music UK |
| Denmark | 23 February 2004 | CD | Sony Music UK |
| Australia | 5 April 2004 | CD | Epic |
# Happening bar

A happening bar (ハプニングバー) or couple kissa (カップル喫茶, kappuru kissa) is a Japanese sex club. In both, prospective customers pass an initial vetting to become members, then pay an entrance fee to enter the club. The club will provide drinks at a bar (often for free), rooms for sex and typically shower facilities. Entrance to couple kissa is limited to male-female couples and single women, while a happening bar will also allow single men to enter, although typically at a steep surcharge (as much as ¥25,000, whereas a woman might enter for free). Entry is denied to the underaged (under 20), male groups, drunk or intoxicated people and, in some establishments, foreigners.
Happening bars and couple kissas skirt Japanese prostitution laws by neither providing nor promising actual sex on premises, instead stressing that what may or may not happen is entirely up to customers. In a high-profile incident in 2004, after porn star and wrestler Chocoball Mukai advertised on his website that he would be performing, the happening bar "Rock" in Tokyo's Roppongi district was raided by police. Chocoball, who had been caught in the act with another porn star, was later convicted for public indecency and sentenced to a five-month jail term, and the club was forced to shut down.
# Harmonichord

A harmonichord is a kind of upright piano in which the strings are set in vibration not by the blow of the hammer but by indirectly transmitted friction.

## Description

The harmonichord, one of the many attempts to fuse the piano and violin, was invented by Johann Gottfried Kaufmann and Johann Friedrich Kaufmann (father and son) in Saxony at the beginning of the 19th century, when the craze for new and ingenious musical instruments was at its height.
The case was of the variety known as giraffe. The space under the keyboard was enclosed, a knee-hold being left in which were two pedals used to set in rotation a large wooden cylinder fixed just behind the keyboard over the levers, and covered with a roll-top similar to those of modern office desks. The cylinder (in some specimens covered with chamois leather) tapered towards the treble-end. When a key was depressed, a little tongue of wood, one end of which stopped the string, was pressed against the revolving cylinder, and the vibrations produced by friction were transmitted to the string and reinforced as in the piano and violin by the soundboard. The adjustment of the parts and the velocity of the cylinder required delicacy and great nicety, for if the little wooden tongues rested too lightly upon the cylinder or the strings, harmonics were produced, and the note jumped to the octave or twelfth. Sometimes when chords were played the touch became so heavy that two performers were required, as in the early medieval organistrum, the prototype of the harmonichord. Carl Maria von Weber must have had some opinion of the possibilities of the harmonichord, which in tone resembled the glass harmonica, since he composed a concerto with orchestral accompaniment for the instrument.
# Harold Dean

Harold Dean may refer to:
* Harold Dean (footballer) (1910–?), English footballer
* Harold Dean (politician) (1913–1997), Queensland politician
* Harold I. Dean (1884–1949), American football and college basketball coach
# Harold Day (Royal Navy officer)

Flight Sub-Lieutenant Harold Day DSC (17 April 1897 – 5 February 1918) was a Welsh World War I flying ace credited with 11 confirmed aerial victories.

## World War I

Day was the son of William John and Elizabeth Day, of Wernddu, Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. He joined the RNAS as a probationary temporary flight officer, and was commissioned as a temporary flight sub-lieutenant on 30 June 1917.
He first served in No. 10 Naval Squadron, flying a Sopwith Triplane. He scored his first aerial victory with them, sending an Albatros D.V down out of control on 12 August 1917. He was then posted to No. 8 Naval Squadron and flew the Sopwith Camel for his remaining ten victories. During December 1917, he teamed with Guy William Price to drive down DFW two-seater reconnaissance aircraft on three different days. Fighting solo, Day destroyed one enemy aircraft and drove down three others during January 1918. On 2 February 1918, he joined Robert J. O. Compston and three other RNAS pilots in destroying a German reconnaissance aircraft, and in driving down an Albatros D.V later in the day. On 5 February, he joined three other RNAS pilots in destroying a reconnaissance machine; that brought his total to one enemy aircraft destroyed solo, two more shared, and eight driven down out of control. He then dived on another German aircraft. Day's Camel came to pieces during the dive, plummeting him to his death. Günther Schuster of Jasta 29 was credited with the victory.
Day was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, which was gazetted on 22 February 1918.
He is buried at St. Mary's ADS (Advanced Dressing Station) Cemetery, Haisnes, France.

## Honours and awards
### Distinguished Service Cross

    Flt. Sub-Lieut. Harold Day, R.N.A.S.
    In recognition of the skill and determination shown by him in aerial combats, in the course of which he has done much to stop enemy artillery machines from working. On 6 January 1918, he observed a new type enemy aeroplane. He immediately dived to attack, and after a short combat the enemy machine went down very steeply, and was seen to crash. On several other occasions he has brought down enemy machines out of control.