OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Etamsylate

Etamsylate (sometimes spelled ethamsylate) is an antihemorrhagic agent which is believed to work by increasing resistance in the endothelium of capillaries and promoting platelet adhesion. It also inhibits biosynthesis and action of those prostaglandins which cause platelet disaggregation, vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
Etamsylate is the salt of dobesilic acid and diethylamine.

## Indications

Prophylaxis and control of haemorrhages from small blood vessels, neonatal intraventricular haemorrhage,$^{:1065}$ capillary bleeding of different etiology, including: menorrhagia and metrorrhagia without organic pathology, after trans-urethral resection of the prostate, hematemesis, melena, hematuria, epistaxis; secondary bleeding due to thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopathia, hypocoagulation, prevention of periventricular hemorrhages in prematurely born children.

## Mechanism of action

Etamsylate is a haemostatic agent; also promotes angioprotective and proaggregant action. It stimulates thrombopoiesis and their release from bone marrow. Haemostatic action is due to activation of thromboplastin formation on damaged sites of small blood vessels and decrease of PgI2 (Prostacyclin) synthesis; it also facilitates platelet aggregation and adhesion, that at last induce decrease and stop of hemorrhage.
The precise mechanism of action of etamsylate is unknown. It has been shown to reduce bleeding time and blood loss from wounds. This appears to relate to increased platelet aggregation mediated by a thromboxane A2 or prostaglandin F2a dependent mechanism. It has also been associated with decreased concentrations of 6-oxoprostaglandin F1a, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin. Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator, and may be implicated in reperfusion; it is also a disaggregator of platelets. Whereas prostaglandins themselves may have a role in regulating cerebral blood flow, etamsylate appears to have no effect on cerebral blood flow. Etamsylate was also thought to stabilize capillaries, reinforcing capillary membranes by polymerizing hyaluronic acid.
Etamsylate limits capillary bleeding through its action on hyaluronic acid and initial studies showed a reduction in intraventricular haemorrhage.$^{:1050}$
Etamsylate may also have an effect on the microcirculation, encouraging platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction and therefore haemostasis. It also inhibits the effects of the prostaglandin mediated vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability, thereby reducing oedema secondary to capillary leakage. It is also possible that etamsylate would reduce reperfusion haemorrhage in ischaemic areas of the brain, preventing secondary damage.
By inhibiting the effects of prostaglandins, etamsylate may exert an effect by closing the patent ductus and thereby increasing cerebral blood flow. Further, etamsylate has demonstrated interference with heparin, antagonizing its pro-hemorrhagic and anti-coagulant effects, without inhibiting its vasodilatory properties.
# Floyd Carothers

Floyd Carothers (died 1944) was an American horse trainer from Wartrace, Tennessee. Carothers trained Strolling Jim, the first Tennessee Walking Horse to become World Grand Champion of his breed. He also trained the third World Grand Champion, Melody Maid.
Carothers died of cancer in 1944.

## Life

Carothers was born in Wartrace, Tennessee to W. G and Minnie Griders Carothers. He was married to Olive Carothers. The couple bought the Hotel Overall, later known as the Walking Horse Hotel, in the early 1930s, and lived on the third floor of the building. Carothers died of cancer in 1944. He is buried in Wartrace, not far from the hotel he owned.

## Career

Carothers and fellow trainer Henry Davis operated a horse training stable in Wartrace. On April 30, 1939, they purchased a three-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse gelding named Strolling Jim for $350. Although Strolling Jim had been used as a plow horse by his prior owner, Carothers immediately began training him to be a show horse. Strolling Jim was soon sold to Colonel C. H. Bacon of Loudon, Tennessee, but was left in training with Carothers so he could be exhibited in shows over the summer. The first Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration was held in late summer of 1939. Carothers entered Strolling Jim, and the pair won the first World Grand Championship. Soon after, Strolling Jim was sold to a California owner and taken out of Carothers' stable.
In 1942 Carothers rode the mare Melody Maid, owned by Mr. and Mrs. Frank Rambo of Fayetteville, Tennessee, to a World Grand Championship. Prior to the championship, Melody Maid had won both the Tennessee State Fair and Kentucky State Fair.

## Legacy

Carothers' ghost, as well as the ghost of Strolling Jim, is reputed to haunt the Walking Horse Hotel itself, as well as the stables behind it.
# Eragrostis intermedia

Eragrostis intermedia is a species of grass known by the common name plains lovegrass. It is native to North and Central America, where it is distributed from the southeastern and southwestern United States south to Costa Rica. Its range may extend to South America.
This grass grows in tufts up to 90 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The leaves are up to 25 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a panicle with a pyramidal or ovate shape. The spikelets have up to 11 flowers each. The plant reproduces by seed or by sprouting from buds at the stem bases.
This plant grows in desert grassland, prairie, chaparral, shrubsteppe, pinyon-juniper woodland, and oak-dominated woodlands. It is often found in dry, sloping areas. It can take hold easily in disturbed habitat. It does best in sandy soil types, and areas with bimodal precipitation patterns, having wet seasons in winter and summer. In its native habitat it is one of the first plants to turn green in the spring. It has been observed to increase in abundance after wildfire.
This grass makes a good forage for livestock, but it decreases with overgrazing. Some game birds have been noted to eat the seeds.
# Hong Kong Syndikat

Hong Kong Syndikat (also Hongkong Syndikat) was a German synthpop music group of the eighties.

## History

Hong Kong Syndikat formed at the beginning of the Eighties after decorator and disc-jockey Bruno Grünberg, graphics designer Hartmut Möller and Gerd Plez, all from Bremen, met in West Berlin. They were signed to a record contract, and in 1982 they released their debut album, Erster Streich.
The first single, Berlin Bleibt Doch Berlin, contained quotes from then US President Ronald Reagan. This first album was still recorded mainly in German; subsequent releases would see them switch to English for commercial reasons.
This move eventually was met with acclaim: by 1984 Hong Kong Syndikat performed their first live concert in New York City; later the same year they recorded their second album, Olympia, in London -- produced by Rusty Egan, a member of Visage. This album, like the others, had Curt Cress sit in on drums.
Their short-lived success came in 1985 with their third album, Never Too Much, from which three singles were released: Too Much, Concrete & Clay and Girls I Love, the first two of which became Top 30 pop singles in Germany.
Hong Kong Syndikat were not able to repeat or expand on this: when the 4th album Des Teutons Pas Nippons (1987) turned out to become a commercial flop, the act disbanded in 1989. Gerd Plez would eventually re-appear as a songwriter for Austrian pop singer Falco.

## Members

* Bruno Grünberg jr. (* 04/01/1956) (voice, synth)
* Gerd Plez (* 10/04/1956) (voice, synth)
* Hartmut Möller (* 05/09/1952) (guitar)

## Discography
### Singles/Maxi

* Sugarcane
* Unusual
* 1982 · Berlin Bleibt Doch Berlin (album Erster Streich)
* 1984 · Berlin (album Olympia)
* 1984 · Samba Olec (album Olympia)
* 1985 · Too Much (album Never Too Much)
* 1986 · That's Jungle / Loosin' Winnin' (album Never Too Much)
* 1986 · Concrete & Clay (album Never Too Much)
* 1986 · Girls I Love (album Never Too Much)
* 1987 · No More Sorrow (album Des Teutons Pas Nippons)
* 1989 · Real Men Don't Eat Gummibears (album Des Teutons Pas Nippons)
* 1999 · Too Much '99 (album Des Teutons Pas Nippons)

### Albums

* 1982 · Erster Streich
* 1984 · Olympia
* 1985 · Never Too Much
* 1987 · Des Teutons Pas Nippons
# Giovanni Contarini

Giovanni Contarini (1549–1605) was an Italian painter of the late Renaissance.

## History

Born in Venice, Contarini was a contemporary of Palma il Giovane. He was a great student of the works of Tintoretto and Titian and is declared to have been an exact imitator of Titian. According to an old story he was so extremely accurate in his portraits that on "sending home one he had taken of Marco Dolce, his dogs began to fawn upon it, mistaking it for their master". Contarini's work is extremely mannered, soft and sweet, but distinguished by beautiful, rich coloring and executed very much on the lines of Titian's painting. His finest picture is in the Louvre, having been removed from the ducal palace at Venice, and represents the Virgin and Child with St Mark and St Sebastian, and the Doge of Venice, Marino Grimani, kneeling before them. Other paintings of his are in the galleries at Berlin, Florence, Milan, and Vienna, and in many of the churches at Venice. He painted easel-pictures of Greek and Roman mythological subjects, which are treated with propriety and discretion but are peculiarly lacking in force and strength; in many of the palaces in Venice he decorated ceilings.
Some years of his life were passed at the court of the Emperor Rudolf II, with whom he was a great favorite and by whom he was knighted.
His work has been described by one writer as a "combination of sugar, cream, mulberry juice, sunbeam and velvet". The Catholic Encyclopedia counters that one or two of his works, for example the "Resurrection" in the church of San Francesco di Paola at Venice, can claim to be masterly.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Giovanni Contarini". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
# Gulf University

Gulf University may refer to:
* Gulf University, Bahrain, university in Sanad, Bahrain
* Gulf University for Science and Technology, located in Kuwait
* Florida Gulf Coast University, located in the United States
* Persian Gulf University, a public university located in Bushehr, Iran
* Arabian Gulf University, located in Manama, Bahrain
* Gulf Medical University, a university in Ajman, the United Arab Emirates
# Eupithecia parcirufa

Eupithecia parcirufa is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Bolivia.
# Ernst Mumenthaler

Ernst Mumenthaler was a Swiss wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman lightweight at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Granville Hall

Granville Hall may refer to:
* Granville D. Hall (1837–1934), American journalist, businessman and politician
* G. Stanley Hall (1846–1924), American psychologist and educator
* USS Granville S. Hall (YAG-40), an American Liberty ship
# Hong Kong at the 1982 Asian Games

Hong Kong participated in the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi, India on November 19 to December 4, 1982. Hong Kong ended the games with single bronze only.
# Davis Bay

Davis Bay 66°08′S 134°05′E﻿ / ﻿66.133°S 134.083°E﻿ / -66.133; 134.083 is a bay about 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) wide at the entrance between Cape Cesney and Lewis Island in Antarctica. It was discovered from the Aurora by the AAE (1910–1914) under Douglas Mawson. Named by Mawson for Capt. John King Davis, master of the Aurora and second-in-command of the expedition.
# Courboin

Courboin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Eudesmia ruficollis

Eudesmia ruficollis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Edward Donovan in 1798. It is found in Brazil and Argentina.
# Isospora sylviae

Isospora sylviae is a species of internal parasite classified under Coccidia. It frequently occurs in the Eurasian blackcap and the garden warbler.
# Joaquín Pérez Martín Parapar

Joaquín Pérez Martín-Parapar (1904–1941) was a Spanish railway and military man.

## Biography

Joaquín Pérez Martín-Parapar was a railway man by profession, but after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, joined the Republican militias. He came to join the PCE Communist Party of Spain. In December 1936 he was appointed commander of the newly created 66th Mixed Brigade. He led this unit in the battle of Jarama, and later in heavy fighting in the area of Esplegares (Guadalajara). According to Carlos Engel, he would also have commanded the 56th Mixed Brigade, reserve unit of the Army of Extremadura.3 In the spring of 1938 he was appointed commander of the 63rd Mixed Brigade, acting on the Levante front and in the Extremadura front; the unit sustained heavy fighting on both fronts.4 On the Extremadura front the 63rd mixed brigade participated in various operations during the year 1938. On April 5, its 250th Battalion attacked Carrascalejo prematurely, which it managed to conquer, but lost it on the 8th due to a nationalist counterattack. As a result of this operation, his boss, Major Blas, was dismissed, and replaced by Joaquín Pérez Martín-Parapar, the eldest of the militias.
The 56th Mixed Brigade was formed in January 1937, in the sub-sector of Almería, under the command of the Joaquín Pérez Martín de Parapar major. Eventually, he led the 66 Mixed Brigade in the Jarama. In December 1937, it became part of the reserve of the Army of Extremadura and was dissolved in April 1938, changing the largest unit.
At the beginning of May, he left for the Levante front, joining the 48th Division of the XVI Army Corps and heading to Segorbe. Since June 11 he was defending the roads of l'Alcora and Vilafamés until the front stabilized. Once stabilized the Levantine front with the beginning of the Battle of the Ebro, returned to Extremadura.
From August 12 to 18, he intervened in an operation on the Alto del Buitre that he conquered and lost again. On December 15, he was appointed to cover the passive front of Hinojosa del Duque, in which he remained successful during the battle of Peñarroya and stayed there until the end of the war.
Captured by the Francoists at the end of the war, as they always did to the one who had successfully confronted them, he was decreed guilty of rebellion armed with the maximum penalty, the execution in the city of Guadalajara in early 1941.
# Epimydia

Epimydia is a monotypic tiger moth genus in the family Erebidae. Its only species, Epimydia dialampra, can be found in mountainous steppe areas in southern Siberia, eastern Yakutia and northern Mongolia. Both the genus and species were first described by Otto Staudinger in 1892. Females are very small and brachypterous.
# Donna Mergler

Donna Mergler is a Canadian physiologist and currently professor emerita in the department of biological sciences at the University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada. Her research focuses on environmental health, specifically the effects of neuro-toxins on workplace and environment. She has also brought in lasting and real solutions to environmental degradation, while also focusing on gender and social equity.

## Early life and education

Donna Mergler was born on the 7 June 1944, in Montreal, Canada. She obtained her bachelor's degree in physiology from McGill University and her doctorate in neuro-physiology. She continued in this department and obtained her PhD from McGill in 1973. She also became engaged in the biology department in 1970, at the Université du Québec à Montréal, where she became a professor of physiology and environmental health later on.
In 2006, after she retired, she received the title of professor emerita in the department of biological sciences from University of Quebec.

## Career and research

In 1990, she became a part of research center Cinbiose. She also headed the Canadian Institute for Health Research Team on Gender, Environment and Health, with the goal to develop quantitative and qualitative methods to integrate sex and gender into environmental and occupational health research. She researched the effect of mercury on the ecosystem of the Amazon with the project CARUSO and was the team leader of health studies within the Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN).
In 2000, she researched reducing toxic chemicals in Latin America and the Caribbean, within a project called COPEH-TLAC. She was also a member of the collaboration between the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization: WHO-PAHO.
After her retirement in 2006, she still continued with her research and looked into the effects of the Minamata disease.
More research on neurotoxins has been done by Mergler when she researched what effect manganese had on the nervous system of populations across Canada, Mexico and Brazil.

## Awards and prizes

* In 1990, she won the Muriel DuckWorth Award for Women's Studies.
* In 1994, she won the Women of Merit in science and technology prize, by YWCA.
* In 1995, she won the Acfas Michel-Jurdant prize for her research towards protecting the environment, by ACFAS.
* In 2001, she received the Silver Award for Environmental Health, given out by the Canadian Minister of the Environment and Canadian Geographic magazine.
* In 2019, she was put on the City of Montreal's list of '21 exceptional women from Montreal' focusing on women in social science, science and culture.
* In 2023, she won the Scientists of the Year Radio-Canada prize with Myriam Fillion, Aline Philibert and Judy da Silva for documenting the effects of mercury poisoning in the water of Grassy Narrows First Nation.
# Heartbreak Town (song)

"Heartbreak Town" is a song written by Darrell Scott and recorded by American country music group the Dixie Chicks. It was released on June 25, 2001, as the seventh single from their second studio album Fly (1999). The song was produced by Blake Chancey and Paul Worley. The song is a country ballad about a family's disappointment upon moving to Nashville.
The song received mostly favorable reviews but became the group's first single to miss the top-twenty on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, peaking at number 21.

## Content

The song tells the story of a young family's disappointment upon moving to Nashville.

## History

Darrell Scott wrote and recorded "Heartbreak Town" for his 1997 album Aloha from Nashville.
The song peaked at number 23 on the U.S. country charts. It also reached number 21 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles. The Dixie Chicks performed the song on their 2001 Fly Tour and it was featured on the 2010 greatest hits album The Essential Dixie Chicks.
Pleased with the song's success, the Dixie Chicks later covered Scott's "Long Time Gone" for their 2002 album Home.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 23 |
| Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles | 21 |
# Clive Crook

Clive Crook (born 1955) is a former columnist for the Financial Times and the National Journal; a former senior editor at The Atlantic Monthly, and now writes a column and editorials for Bloomberg News. For twenty years he held various editorial positions at The Economist, including deputy editor from 1993 to 2005.
In 2006, he co-chaired the Copenhagen Consensus project, framing global development priorities for the coming decades. He has co-authored Globalisation: Making Sense of an Integrating World: Reasons, Effects and Challenges for the Economist Group.

## Background

He was born in Yorkshire and raised in Lancashire. He was educated at Bolton School, and graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford, and the London School of Economics. He has served as a consultant to The World Bank and worked as an official at Britain's Her Majesty's Treasury.

## Publications

* Crook, Clive; Bishop, Matthew; Peet, John; Beddoes, Zanny Minton; Guest, Robert (2002-02-21). Globalisation: Making Sense of an Integrating World: Reasons, Effects and Challenges (Economist). Economist Books. p. 336. ISBN 978-1-86197-348-1.
* Crook, Clive (1992). "Third World Economic Development". In David R. Henderson (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (1st ed.). Library of Economics and Liberty. OCLC 317650570, 50016270, 163149563
# Eccentric Soul: The Bandit Label

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.9/10) |
Eccentric Soul: The Bandit Label is the third compilation by The Numero Group and second volume in the Eccentric Soul series.
Eccentric Soul: The Bandit Label took a look at the underside of Chicago soul through twenty tracks of R&B, soul, and funk. The album followed the story of the fledgling Bandit label and its leader, Arrow Brown.

## Track listing

* "One More Time Around" - The Majestic Arrows
* "We Have Love" - The Majestic Arrows
* "Another Day" - The Majestic Arrows
* "If You Love Me" - Altyrone Deno Brown
* "You've Got to Crawl to Me" - Johnnie Davis
* "Boogedy Boogedy" - Johnnie Davis and The Majestic Arrows
* "Doing It for Us" - The Majestic Arrows
* "Love Is All I Need" - The Majestic Arrows
* "Glad About That" - Linda Ballentine
* "Bring Back the One I Love" - The Majestic Arrows
* "The Magic of Your Love" - The Majestic Arrows
* "I'll Never Cry for Another Boy" - The Majestic Arrows
* "Sweet Pea" - Altyrone Deno Brown
* "The Love I See Now" - Johnnie Davis and The Majestic Arrows
* "We Love Together" - The Majestic Arrows
* "You're a Habit Hard to Break" - Linda Ballentine
* "Going to Make a Time Machine" - The Majestic Arrows

### Extended play

* 18. "If I Had a Little Love" - The Majestic Arrows
* 19. "Make Yourself Over" (Rehearsal) - The Majestic Arrows
* 20. "I'll Never Cry for Another Boy" (Rehearsal) - The Majestic Arrows
# Coutras station

Coutras is a railway station in Coutras, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Paris - Bordeaux and Coutras - Tulle railway lines. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.

## Train services

The station is served by regional trains to Bordeaux, Angoulême, Périgueux, Limoges and Brive-la-Gaillarde.
| Preceding station | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | Following station |
| Saint-Denis-de-Piletowards Bordeaux | 13 | Les Églisottestowards Angoulême |
| Libournetowards Bordeaux | 31 | Saint-Médard-de-Guizièrestowards Limoges |
| Libournetowards Bordeaux | 32 | Saint-Médard-de-Guizièrestowards Ussel |
| Saint-Denis-de-Piletowards Bordeaux | 41.1U | Terminus |
# Eudesmus ferrugineus

Eudesmus ferrugineus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1860. It is known from Panama, Mexico and South America.
# Isospora cardellinae

Isospora cardellinae is a species of internal parasite classified under Coccidia. It has been recovered from the red warbler.
# Greatest Hits Volume 2 (Hank Williams Jr. album)

Hank Williams Jr.'s Greatest Hits – Volume 2 is an album by American country music singer and songwriter Hank Williams Jr. The Album was issued by MGM Records as number SE 4822.

## Track listing
### Side one

* Rainin' in My Heart – 2:56 (James Moore/Jerry West)
* After All They All Used To Belong To Me. Sung with the Mike Curb Congregation – 2:28
* So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad). Sung with Lois Johnson – 2:50
* A-eee – 2:50
* Ain't That A Shame. Sung with the Mike Curb Congregation – 2:18

### Side two

* All For the Love of Sunshine. Sung with the Mike Curb Congregation – 3:52
* I've Learned to Take the Hurtin' – 2:32
* Removing the Shadow. Sung with Lois Johnson – 2:58
* I Walked Out On Heaven – 2:32
* I've Got A Right to Cry – 2:31