OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Galician Youth Union

The Galician Youth Union (UMG, Unión da Mocidade Galega in Galician language) is the youth wing of the Galician People's Union. It was created in August 1977.

## History

The document of the Galician People's Union (UPG) The youth of the party, in February 1977, included the decision to create the UMG due to the increase in the number of supporters, members and activists of the UPG in high school or that were young workers. University students were already members of the Galician Revolutionary Students (ERGA). This led the party to the creation of a youth organization which, besides serving to bring to the Galician youth "a patriotic and communist political line", could address the youth particular issues and problems effectively. The creation of UMG was ratified in the 1st Congress of UPG in August 1977, few days after the UMG itself was officially founded.
In the spring of 1977 a recruitment of militants was carried out, along with cell organization and theoretical and programmatic discussion. The constituent congress was held on the 14 and 15 August 1977, under the slogan "For a free and socialist Galiza". In that congress the UMG approved the statutes of the organization and a program that analyzed the specific situation of the Galician youth, the role of UMG that context and the alternatives that the organization should offer, including a table of "minimal demands". The UMG defined itself as the Patriotic and communist organization of Galiza and the youth wing of the Galician People's Union. In 1989 the UMG participated in the creation of Galiza Nova, the youth wing of the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). Since then, UMG has subordinated its political action to Galiza Nova, rarely doing solo acts. Since 1988, after the creation of Galiza Nova (BNG youth organization), UMG renounced to make public activity, focusing all their efforts in working for the BNG.

## Ideology

Like the UPG, the UMG declares itself communist and nationalist, and believes that the establishment of socialism in Galiza necessarily passes by the previous national liberation of the country. Among Marxism the UMG follows the Marxist-Leninist ideology, although the organization also includes in their ideology the thought of the progressive Galician nationalists previous to the Spanish Civil War, like Castelao, Alexandre Bóveda or Ramón Suárez Picallo. The UMG also considers itself the continuation of the Federación de Mocedades Galeguistas.

## Organization

The first statutes of UMG, established democratic centralism as the main organizational principle. The organization is formed as a pyramidal organization, divided into zones and localities and defining cells as the basic fundamental core (called "Zone Assembly" since 1990). Local Committees and Area Committees are the intermediate direction bodies, while the Central Committee acts as the supreme body of the UMG between congresses and elected by (and in every) the National Congress. The Executive Committee is elected by the Central Committee. The highest governing body is the National Congress. Heading the UMG is the Secretary or general secretary, with executive functions.
# David Clarkson

David Clarkson may refer to:
* David Clarkson (Scottish footballer) (born 1985)
* David Clarkson (minister) (1622–1686), English Puritan
* David Clarkson (ice hockey) (born 1984), Canadian hockey forward
* David Augustus Clarkson (1793–1850), Hudson River valley landowner
* David Clarkson (NYSE) (1795–1867), president of the New York Stock Exchange
* David Clarkson (Australian soccer) (born 1968), soccer player
# Honoria Acosta-Sison

Honoria Acosta-Sison (30 December 1888–19 January 1970) was the first Filipino woman to become a medical doctor.

## Biography

She was born in Calasiao, Pangasinan in the Philippines and graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1909. In 1910 she married the director of the Philippine General Hospital of Manila, where she first worked as assistant in obstetrics. She later was first assistant in obstetrics in St. Paul's Hospital in Manila, and in 1914 she became a faculty member at the University of the Philippines. By 1940 she was professor of obstetrics and gynecology and head of the department of obstetrics there.
She was known internationally for her research on trophoblastic diseases and pre-eclampsia in pregnancy.

## Awards and honours

* Presidential Medal in 1955
* Gold Medal from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1959
* Most Outstanding Woman Physician from the Philippine Women's Medical Association in 1959.
* In 1978, the Philippines issued a commemorative stamp with her name and likeness.
# Innocenzo Del Bufalo-Cancellieri

Innocenzo Del Bufalo-Cancellieri (1566–1610) was a Roman Catholic cardinal.

## Biography

On 20 May 1601, he was consecrated bishop by Mariano Pierbenedetti, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro, with Napoleone Comitoli, Bishop of Perugia, and Tommaso Vannini, Bishop of Avellino e Frigento, serving as co-consecrators.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Virgilio Fiorenzi, Bishop of Nocera Umbra (1605).
# Gyeongnam Line

The Gyeongnam Line (慶南線, Keinan-sen) was a railway line of the Chōsen Railway (Chōtetsu) of colonial-era Korea, located in South Gyeongsang Province.

## History

On 13 July 1918, the privately owned Chōsen Southern Railway was granted a concession to build a railway line from Songjeongni (now Gwangju Songjeong) to Masan, but it wasn't until June 1922 that work on the first section, from Masan to Jinju, began. The line was not yet opened when the Chōsen Southern Railway merged with five other privately owned railways to create the Chōsen Railway on 1 September 1923; it was only three months after the merger, on 1 December 1923, that the first section, 24.8 km (15.4 mi) from Masan to Gunbuk, was opened, under the name Gyeongnam Line. The remaining 40.6 km (25.2 mi) section to Jinju was opened on 15 June 1925. On 1 April 1931, the state-owned Chōsen Government Railway bought the Gyeongnam Line, merging it with its own Masan Line to create the Gyeongjeon Nambu Line running from Samnangjin to Jinju.
# First Person (1960 TV series)

First Person is a Canadian dramatic television series which aired on CBC Television from 1960 to 1961.

## Premise

This dramatic anthology consisted of adapted and original stories whose teleplays were produced out of CBC Toronto.
This series is distinct from Adrienne Clarkson's First Person talk show in 1966.

## Scheduling

This half-hour series was first broadcast over 20 weeks on Wednesdays at 10:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 8 June to 19 October 1960. Then it was given a full season on Wednesdays at 8:30 p.m. from 26 October 1960 to 8 February 1961.

## Episodes

Some of the teleplays included:

### June–October 1960

* The Anniversary (Basil Coleman producer; Michael Jacot writer)
* At the Railing (David Gardner producer; Robert Presnell Jr. writer), starring Martha Buhs and Robert Goulet
* Aunt Jeannie and the Idol (Audrey Piggott writer)
* Bulgarian Bread (Paul Wayne writer)
* The Click of Beads
* Earn Money at Home (W. O. Mitchell writer)
* End of Innocence (Paul Almond producer; Vincent McConnor writer), starring Kenneth Wolff
* Final at Furnell (Melwyn Breen producer; Willis Hall writer), starring Bill Glover and Deborah Turnbull
* Harry (Ted Pope producer; Fletcher Barry writer; Rosemary Timperley adaptation)
* Kukla (Audrey Piggott writer)
* The Magnet (Harvey Hart producer; Hugh Garner writer), starring Don Francks and Charmion King
* The Man Who Knew A Good Thing (George McCowan producer; Herb Hosie writer), starring Michael Forest
* The Man With Two Hands
* Night River (Basil Coleman producer; George Salverson writer), starring Powys Thomas and Terry Carter
* Some Are So Lucky (David Gardner producer; Hugh Garner writer)

### October 1960-February 1961

* The Gold Dress (Stephen Vincent writer)
* Guardian Angel (Frederick Hazlett Brennan story; Hugh Garner adaptation)
* Man in Town (John Gray writer)
* A Matter of Some Importance (Roy Shields writer)
* Overlaid (David Gardner producer; Robertson Davies story; Wallace Christie adaptation), based on Davies' theatre play, starring Alex McKee and Aileen Seaton
* The Trouble With Pyecraft (Eric Till producer, H. G. Wells writer; Douglas Cleverdon adaptation), a comedy starring Tony Van Bridge (Pyecraft) and Gillie Fenwick (Formalyn)
* Venice Libretto (Herb Hosie writer)
* Witness to Murder (Wenzell Brown story; M. Charles Cohen adaptation)
* A Woman Called Anne (Basil Coleman producer; Pamela Lee writer), starring Norma Renault, Ruth Springford, and Norman Welsh
# Fishburn (1780 ship)

Fishburn was built at Whitby in 1780. the largest of the three First Fleet storeships. According to her 1786 Deptford survey, she was 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) between decks afore, 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) midships and 7 feet 1 inch (2.16 m) abaft.

## Career

Fishburn appeared in the 1781 volume of Lloyd's Register with Gill, master, J.Pierton, owner, and trade Cork-based transport. Lloyd's List reported on 15 March 1785 that Fishburn had been driven on the Jarron Slake, but that it was hoped she would be gotten off with little damage.
In 1777 she became a storeship with the First Fleet to Botany Bay. Her master for the voyage to Botany Bay was Robert Brown, and she was owned by Leighton Co., who were also the owners of Golden Grove and Borrowdale. Fishburn carried 22 crew, though five deserted before the vessel departed England. The shortfall was made up through forced transfers from HMS Hyaena, the Royal Navy escort ship that accompanied the Fleet for the first three hundred miles of its voyage.
Fishburn left Portsmouth on 13 May 1787, and arrived at Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. She left Port Jackson on 19 November 1788, keeping company with Golden Grove until losing sight of her on 11 April 1789 after several days at the Falkland Islands for recovery of crew members who were sick with scurvy. She arrived back in England on 25 May 1789. The fate of Fishburn is unknown; she appears to have disappeared from the records after being discharged from Her Majesty's service at Deptford, nine days after her arrival.
There is a monument to Fishburn in the First Fleet Memorial Gardens at Wallabadah, New South Wales. An Urban Transit Authority First Fleet ferry was named after Fishburn in 1985.
# Etch pit density

The etch pit density (EPD) is a measure for the quality of semiconductor wafers.

## Etching

An etch solution is applied on the surface of the wafer where the etch rate is increased at dislocations of the crystal resulting in pits. For GaAs one uses typically molten KOH at 450 degrees Celsius for about 40 minutes in a zirconium crucible. The density of the pits can be determined by optical contrast microscopy. Silicon wafers have usually a very low density of < 100 cm$^{−2}$ while semi-insulating GaAs wafers have a density on the order of 10$^5$ cm$^{−2}$.

## Germanium detectors

High-purity Germanium detectors require the Ge crystals to be grown with a controlled range of dislocation density to reduce impurities. The etch pitch density requirement is typically within the range 10$^3$ to 10$^4$ cm$^{−2}$.

## Standards

The etch pit density can be determined according to DIN 50454-1 and ASTM F 1404.
# Julien Soyer

Julien Soyer (born 4 March 1978) is a former para table tennis player from India who competed for France in international level events. He contracted polio aged six months old and had his right leg amputated; he would wear a complete prosthetic when competing in table tennis events. After his retirement from sport, he works as a sports journalist.
# David Kennedy, 10th Earl of Cassilis

David Kennedy, 10th Earl of Cassilis (bef. 1734 – 18 December 1792), was a Scottish peer, the third son of Sir John Kennedy, 2nd Baronet by Jean Douglas.
He succeeded to the titles of 10th Earl of Cassilis, 12th Lord Kennedy and 5th Baronet Kennedy on 30 November 1775 on the death of his elder brother Thomas, the 9th Earl, who had died without male issue. He held the office of Scottish representative peer from 1776 to 1790. It was the 10th Earl who ordered the rebuilding of Culzean Castle on the Ayrshire coast.
Lord Cassilis never married, and the baronetcy became extinct on his death; the other titles passed to a distant cousin, Archibald Kennedy, 11th Earl of Cassilis, who lived in New York.
# Doug Rauch

Douglass Haywood Rauch (September 14, 1950 – April 23, 1979) was an American bassist.

## Early life

Douglass Haywood Rauch was born in New York City.

## Career

His career started in 1969, aged 19, when he played on the album L.A.M.F, released by Bunky and Jake. He played with Carlos Santana and his own group Santana, during their jazz fusion period in the early 1970s. He came as originally as a touring member, filling in for the band's original bass guitarist, David Brown, who was unable to tour due to ongoing drug habits. By the end of the year, Rauch had fully replaced and was a full-time member of the band. As a member of Santana, he contributed to only two albums, Caravanserai (1972) and Welcome (1973). Rauch left Santana in 1974.
He also teamed up with David Bowie for his Diamond Dogs tour for a month in September 1974. During his career, he also played with Papa John Creach, Betty Davis, and Carly Simon.

## Death

In his final years, he suffered from depression and numerous addictions. Rauch died of a drug overdose in San Francisco, California, on April 23, 1979, at the age of 28.

## Discography

* 1969: Bunky & Jake: L.A.M.F.
* 1970: Buzzy Linhart: Music (later re-released as Buzzy Linhart is Music)
* 1971: Carly Simon: Carly Simon
* 1971: Papa John Creach: Papa John Creach
* 1971: Giants': Giants' (recorded 1971, released 1978)
* 1972: Santana: Caravanserai
* 1973: Santana: Welcome
* 1973: Betty Davis: Betty Davis
* 1973: Bola Sete: Goin' To Rio
* 1973: John McLaughlin & Carlos Santana: Love Devotion Surrender
* 1973: Santana: Welcome
* 1974: Santana: Lotus
* 1974: Jose Chepito Areas: Jose Chepito Areas
* 1974: David Bowie: Cracked Actor (recorded 1974, released 2017)
* 1975: Shigeru Suzuki: Bandwagon
* 1975: Cobham/Duke Band: Live at the Electric Ballroom (Dallas NYE 1975 live recording)
* 1976: Lenny White: Venusian Summer
* 1976: Billy Cobham: Life & Times
* 1976: Ike White: Changin' Times (recorded in Tehachapi State Prison)
# James O'Gwynn

James Leroy O'Gwynn (January 26, 1928 – January 19, 2011) was an American country music singer. Between 1958 and 1962, he recorded for the D Records and Mercury labels, charting six times on the Hot Country Songs charts. His work on the D Records label was produced by Pappy Daily, best known for producing George Jones.
O'Gwynn's highest-peaking single came during his Mercury career, when he reached No. 7 with "My Name Is Mud." None of his other singles afterward made the charts, and he moved among several labels, including United Artists Records and Plantation Records.

## Singles

| Year | Single | Chart Positions |
| Year | Single | US Country |
| 1956 | "Losing Game" | — |
| 1958 | "Talk to Me Lonesome Heart" | 16 |
| 1958 | "Blue Memories" | 28 |
| 1959 | "How Can I Think of Tomorrow" | 13 |
| 1959 | "Easy Money" | 26 |
| 1961 | "House of Blue Lovers" | 21 |
| 1962 | "My Name Is Mud" | 7 |
# Crepinella simplex

Crepinella simplex is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae native to northern Brazil (Amazonas state) and southern Venezuela (Amazonas province). It was first described as Schefflera simplex in 1988 by Julian Steyermark and E. C. Holst.
# Fiscaglia

Fiscaglia (Ferrarese: Fiscàja) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ferrara. It was founded on 1 January 2014 from the former municipalities of Massa Fiscaglia, Migliarino and Migliaro.
# Ethiopic Extended-A

Ethiopic Extended-A is a Unicode block containing Geʽez characters for the Gamo-Gofa-Dawro, Basketo, and Gumuz languages of Ethiopia.

## Block

Ethiopic Extended-A Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E |
| U+AB0x | | ꬁ | ꬂ | ꬃ | ꬄ | ꬅ | ꬆ | | ꬉ | ꬊ | ꬋ | ꬌ | ꬍ | ꬎ |
| U+AB1x | | ꬑ | ꬒ | ꬓ | ꬔ | ꬕ | ꬖ | | | | | | | |
| U+AB2x | ꬠ | ꬡ | ꬢ | ꬣ | ꬤ | ꬥ | ꬦ | ꬨ | ꬩ | ꬪ | ꬫ | ꬬ | ꬭ | ꬮ |
| Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points |||||||||||||||||

## History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Ethiopic Extended-A block:
| Version | Final code points | Count | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
| 6.0 | U+AB01..AB06, AB09..AB0E, AB11..AB16, AB20..AB26, AB28..AB2E | 32 | L2/09-050R | N3572 | Priest, Lorna (2009-02-05), Proposal to Encode Additional Ethiopic Characters |
| 6.0 | U+AB01..AB06, AB09..AB0E, AB11..AB16, AB20..AB26, AB28..AB2E | 32 | L2/09-003R | | Moore, Lisa (2009-02-12), "B.15.16", UTC #118 / L2 #215 Minutes |
| 6.0 | U+AB01..AB06, AB09..AB0E, AB11..AB16, AB20..AB26, AB28..AB2E | 32 | L2/09-234 | N3603 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2009-07-08), "M54.11", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54 |
| ↑ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names ||||||
# Gamlitz

Gamlitz (German:, Slovene: Gomilica) is a municipality in the district of Leibnitz in Styria, Austria. In the first known document that mentions it (dated from 1145), the settlement is called Gomilnitz, a reference either to the Slavic gomilca which denotes a small hill, or to gom (a group or chain of hills); indeed Gamlitz is situated among and between rolling hills. The tradition of the local castle goes back to the year 1111.
# David Litt

David Litt (born September 17, 1986) is an American political speechwriter and author of the comedic memoir Thanks, Obama: My Hopey Changey White House Years. He is currently the head writer/producer for Funny or Die's office in Washington, D.C.

## Biography

Born to a Jewish family in New York City where he attended the Dalton School, Litt attended Yale University, where he was a member of the Yale Ex!t Players and editor-in-chief of the Yale Record. He first got involved in political speechwriting through an internship with West Wing Writers. He entered the White House in 2011, at the age of 24, and for four years served as a senior presidential speechwriter first to Presidential Advisor Valerie Jarrett, White House Chief of Staff William M. Daley, and ultimately to President Barack Obama, including as the lead writer on four White House Correspondents' Association dinner presentations. Litt has also written for The Onion and McSweeney's Internet Tendency.
Litt married Jacqueline Kappler on August 4, 2018.

## Books

Litt's first book, Thanks, Obama, was a New York Times Best Seller and was named one of the best books of 2017 by Esquire magazine. His second, Democracy in One Book or Less, was released in June 2020.
# Doug Dersch

Doug Dersch (born April 18, 1946) was a Canadian football player who played for the Edmonton Eskimos, Montreal Alouettes, Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Toronto Argonauts. He won the Grey Cup with Hamilton in 1972. He played college football at the University of Calgary.
# Elmer Iseler Singers

The Elmer Iseler Singers is a professional chamber choir based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The twenty-voice choir, conducted by Artistic Director Lydia Adams, founded by Dr. Elmer Iseler in 1979, is one of Canada’s leading choral ensembles. The choir has built an international reputation through its concerts, broadcasts and more than fifty recordings. The Elmer Iseler Singers’ repertoire spans five hundred years of choral music. The choir regularly commissions and performs new works, and appears at national and international festivals.
The Singers are highly valued for their contributions to master classes and educational leadership workshops for schools and community choirs. From 1997 to 2007 the EIS was the professional Choir-In-Residence through the Elmer Iseler Chair, at the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Music. They often collaborate with Soundstreams Canada, the Canadian Brass, Nexus, Ontario Music Festivals and the Toronto Symphony, as well as various local, national and international organizations.

## Discography

* Corona Divinae Misericordiae, by David Braid - K52 Music (2018 - Juno-nominated)
* Piano concerto ; Oboe concerto ; Serenade to music ; Flos campi, Vaughan Williams - Chandos (2018)
* Dark Star Requiem, by Peter Staniland - Centrediscs (2016)
* Lamentations of Jeremiah, by Peter Togni - ECM (2009)
* The Tokaido, The Choral Music of Harry Freedman - Centrediscs (2006)
* People of Faith, Canadian Brass feat. Elmer Iseler Singers - Opening Day (2005)
* Sing all ye joyful, Music of Ruth Watson Henderson - CBC (2004)
* Puer natus in Bethlehem, alleluia! Christmas carols by Canadian composers - CBC (2003)
* Credo - Decca (2002)
* Joyous Light, with Isabel Bayrakdarian - CBC (2002)
* The Glorious Sounds of Somers, the choral music of Harry Somers - Centrediscs (2001)
* Elmer Iseler conducts Canadian Music - Centrediscs (1999)
* The Maple Leaf Forever A Canadian Panorama - Opening Day (1998)
* Noël : early Canadian Christmas Music, with Michael Schade, Norine Burgess, Mireille Lagacé - Marquis Classics (1998)
* Sacred & Profane Somers : choral works of Harry Somers - Centrediscs (1995)
* Ragtime! with the Canadian Brass - RCA (1995)
* The Glory of Palestrina: 1594-1994 - CBC (1994)
* Gloria : sacred choral works - CBC (1993)
* Glick, Holman, Somers, Coulthard - CBC (1992)
* The Christmas Album, with the Canadian Brass - Decca (1990)
* Spirituals - Marquis (1986)
* Welcome Yule! - CBC (1986)
* Bach-300-Handel : a celebration of genius - CBC (1985)
* Jesu, joy of man's desiring and other great Bach choruses - CBC (1985)
* Première - Centrediscs, 2-disc set (1984)
* Serenade in Harmony, with The Netherlands Chamber Choir - Waterloo (1984)
* Musical Toronto: a concert party, by John Beckwith - Marquis (1984)
* Chalumeau, by Harry Freedman - Centrediscs (1983)
* Music at Sharon: A Celebration of 150 Years, 1831-1981 - Melbourne (1982)
* Spectra: the Elmer Iseler Singers - Centrediscs (1981)
# Jankasa

Ashong Ashyui (Jankasa) is a village community in Jei District of Zangon Kataf Local Government Area, southern Kaduna state in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. The postal code for the village is 802141. The area has an altitude of about 2,798 feet or 852 meters and a population of about 7,837. The nearest airport to the community is the Yakubu Gowon Airport, Jos.

## Settlements

Before 2017, it used to be a district of its own. However, it was later merged with Jei (Unguwar Gaya) district. Among the settlements in this district were:
* Apyia Akamm
* Apyinzwang
* Akputuut
* Ashong Ashyui
* Ashong Ashyui 1
* Ashong Ashyui 2
* Ashong Ashyui 3
* Atyecarak (Attachirak, Kacecere)
* Awak
* Makarau
* Manchong
* Manyi Aminyam
* Manyi Ashyui
* Manta Ason
* Nok Ashyui (also Magata, and Afan Tsaai)

## Notable people

* Lt. Col. Musa Bityong (late), military officer
* Maj. Gen. Zamani Lekwot (rtd.), military officer

## Note

* Achi, B.; Bitiyonɡ, Y. A.; Bunɡwon, A. D.; Baba, M. Y.; Jim, L. K. N.; Kazah-Toure, M.; Philips, J. E. "A Short History of the Atyap" (2019). Zaria: Tamaza Publishinɡ Co. Ltd. ISBN 978-978-54678-5-7. Pp. 9–245.
# Gymnobela guineensis

Gymnobela guineensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cameroon, West Africa.