OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flag of Kharkiv Oblast

The Flag of Kharkiv Oblast is the official flag of the Kharkiv Oblast as approved by the VI session of the XXIII convocation of the Kharkiv Oblast Council on May 11, 1999.

## Design

The Oblast flag is a rectangular cloth (width to length ratio 2: 3) of crimson color with an image in the central part of the region's coat of arms. The height of the shield is 1/2 the width of the flag. The flag is double-sided. The top of the pole is a metal cone 1/10 of the width of the flag, the base of the cone is equal to two times the diameter of the pole. It is fixed on a cylindrical base with a height of 1/20 of the flag's width. The color of the metal from which the top is made is silver.
The reference model of the flag is kept in the office of the speaker of the Oblast Council.

## History

During the rule of the Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire, and Soviet Union, Kharkiv did not have its own flag. However, from either 1651 or 1659 to 1765, the city was the regimental center for the Kharkiv Regiment, which had its own flag, which was used at times to represent the region.
The banner consisted of a cross in a glow and above it two angels with trumpets holding a crown.

## Administrative Subdivisions
### Berestyn Raion

* Berestyn Raion
* Berestyn City

### Bohodukhiv Raion

* Bohodukhiv Raion
* Bohodukhiv City
* Kolomak Settlement
* Valky Settlement
* Zolochiv Settlement

### Chuhuiv Raion

* Chuhuiv Raion
* Chuhuiv City
* Vovchansk City

### Izium Raion

* Izium Raion, Izium City
* Barvinkove City

### Kharkiv Raion

* Kharkiv Raion
* Kharkiv City
* Liubotyn City
* Pisochyn Settlement

### Kupiansk Raion

* Kupiansk Raion
* Kupiansk City
* Petropavlivka Village

### Lozova Raion

* Lozova Raion
* Lozova City
* Zlatopil City
# Glenn Ayr, Indiana

Glenn Ayr or Glenn Ayre is an unincorporated community in central Lost Creek Township, Vigo County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.
It is part of the Terre Haute metropolitan area.

## History

Glenn Ayr had its start as a mining community, and was named after the Glen Ayr Coal Company. A post office was established under the name Glenn in 1887, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1902.

## Geography

Glenn Ayr is located at 39°28′19″N 87°17′43″W﻿ / ﻿39.47194°N 87.29528°W﻿ / 39.47194; -87.29528 at an elevation of 577 feet.
# Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria

The Institute of African Studies at University of Nigeria, Nsukka is a graduate research institution of African, peace and conflict resolution studies. It is an interdisciplinary center with previous directors of the institute coming from the fields of English, Fine Arts and History.
It was formerly known as Hansberry Institute, named after William Hansberry, an African American historian and scholar who was also a former teacher of Nnamdi Azikiwe, one time premier of the Eastern Region.

## History

The institute was established in 1963 as a research center for African culture and to also function as a repository of oral and documented African history. At inception, during a period following the country's independence, the institute acted as an initiative to promote understanding of African cultural identity and also scholarly cooperation within the African diaspora. Its first director was William Leo Hansberry, who served as director while abroad, he was succeeded in 1964 by Edward Blyden III and then Samuel Nwabara.
Between 1967 and 1970, Nigeria underwent a civil strife causing the institute to re-assess some of its goals. From 1970, the institute directed increased focus to the cultural identity of groups from the Southeastern region of Nigeria. In the early 1970s, it began publishing Ikenga and Ikorok, the former a scholarly journal on African studies and the latter, a bulletin of activities and research of the institute.
In 1982, a salvage project was initiated to record and document practices and norms of the Igbo speaking peoples of Southeastern Nigeria. This collection included traditional folklore, medical practices, food, clothing and oral history.

## Facilities

* Museum
* Library

## Past directors

* William Leo Hansberry
* Edward Blyden III
* Adiele Afigbo
* Uche Okeke
* Donatus Nwoga
# Henry Munro-Butler-Johnstone

Henry Alexander Munro-Butler-Johnstone (7 December 1837 – 17 October 1902) was a British author and Conservative Party politician.
Born as Henry Alexander Butler-Johnstone, he was the son of Henry Butler-Johnstone (himself born Hon. Henry Butler), a younger son of the 13th Baron Dunboyne, by his wife Isabella Margaret Munro, daughter of Sir Alexander Munro. His father took the surname Butler-Johnstone to honour an inheritance from his wife's uncle, and he himself took the additional surname Munro from his mother in 1874.
He was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford, graduating in 1861 with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in classics. In 1862 he was elected Member of Parliament for Canterbury, a position he resigned in 1878. From 1868 he sat as an independent. He was also Deputy Lieutenant for Ross-shire, and in 1875 published the book The Eastern Question.
He died in Paris on 17 October 1902. In 1909 his body was cremated and his ashes transferred to England, where he was buried.

## Family

Munro-Butler-Johnstone married in 1877 Maria Irina Gabriella, Countess de Soyres, who died in 1880. He remarried in December 1896 Mrs. Skipp Lloyd, widow of Joseph Skipp Lloyd, formerly Clerk of the Cheque and Adjutant of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms.
# Homam

Homam may refer to:
* Homam (star), the traditional name of the star Zeta Pegasi
* Heroes of Might and Magic, a series of computer games
* Homam (film), a 2008 Telugu film
* Homam, Iran, a village in Isfahan Province, Iran
* Homam-e Tabrizi, Persian poet
# Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It is an offshoot of the Journal of Materials Science, focusing specifically on materials used in electronics. The editor-in-chief is Safa Kasap (University of Saskatchewan, Canada).

## History

This journal was originally published quarterly by Chapman & Hall from May 1990. This frequency was changed to six issues per year from 1994 to 1998, and then nine issues per year from 1999 to 2000. From 2001, the journal has been published monthly.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Academic OneFile
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* ChemWeb
* Compendex
* CSA/Proquest
* Current Contents Collections/Electronics & Telecommunications Collections
* Current Contents/Engineering
* Computing and Technology
* Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences
* Glassfile Database
* INIS Atomindex
* Materials Science Citation Index
* OmniFile
* PASCAL database
* Polymer Library
* Science Citation Index
* Scopus
* TOC Premier
* VINITI Database RAS
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.478.
# Enver Ahmed

Enver Ahmed (1909–1992), pen name Ahmed, was an Indian cartoonist and creator of Chandu, the turbanned, paunchy central character of a popular cartoon strip in the Hindustan Times.

## Life and career

Ahmed was born in Rawalpindi (then in India) in 1909 and graduated in science from the Government College in Lahore. He worked in a sugar mill before joining the advertising section of The Pioneer in Lucknow. His talent was spotted by Desmond Young, the editor, and he became the paper's cartoonist. Since the Pioneer was a pro-British paper, Ahmed ultimately decided to move on to The Dawn, where too he was not at ease with the paper's politics, which supported the Muslim League.
In 1946, Ahmed moved to the Hindustan Times, where he succeeded the cartoonist Shankar. Accortding to cartoonist Kamal Sarkar, the years between 1946 and 1950 saw Ahmed at his peak, a period when he drew with gusto, and his cartoons served a political purpose. In 1947, Ahmed's criticism of the Muslim League in his cartoons led to threats from Islamic fundamentalist groups. According to his obituary in The Independent, none other than Mahatma Gandhi advised Ahmed to leave India immediately. Accordingly, Ahmed went to England where he continued to contribute to his paper. He returned in 1948 and remained the paper's lead cartoonist till his retirement in 1961, after which he continued his association through his comic strip 'Chandu'. This earthy character, dressed in a loincloth and modelled after a friend of Ahmed's, was the 'first popular social comic' by an Indian cartoonist, according to cartoonist E. P. Unny.

## Books by Ahmed

Ahmed (1951). Ahmed's Political Pot-pourri: A Collection of Cartoons and Strips. Foreword by C. Rajagopalachari. Hindustan Times, 1951
# Discoverer 19

Discoverer 19, also known as RM-1, was an American satellite which was launched in 1960. It was a technology demonstration spacecraft, based on an Agena-B.
The launch of Discoverer 19 occurred at 20:32 UTC on 20 December 1960. A Thor DM-21 Agena-B rocket was used, flying from Launch Complex 75-3-5 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base. Upon successfully reaching orbit, it was assigned the Harvard designation 1960 Tau 1.
Discoverer 19 was operated in a low Earth orbit, with a perigee of 206 kilometres (128 mi), an apogee of 578 kilometres (359 mi), 83.4 degrees of inclination, and a period of 92.4 minutes. The satellite had a mass of 1,060 kilograms (2,340 lb), and was used to demonstrate technology for the Midas programme, including infrared sensors. Communication with the satellite was lost on Christmas Day 1960. It remained in orbit until 23 January 1961, when it decayed and reentered the atmosphere.
# Join the Dots (The Nextmen album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| BBC Music | Positive |
Join the Dots is the fourth studio album by UK-based duo The Nextmen, released in 2009 on Sanctuary Records.

## Personnel
### Songwriting

* Dominic Betmead – composer
* B. Ellis – composer
* F. Hibbert – composer
* J. Modesliste – composer
* A. Neville – composer
* L. Nocentelli – composer
* Jerry Ragovoy – composer
* J. Sutter – composer

### Technical

* Brad Baloo – arranging, engineering, mixing and production
* Tim Debney – mastering
* Alan Mawdsley – mixing
* Joe Pilbeam – album artwork
* Dom Search – arranging, engineering, mixing and production
# Jean Omer

Jean Omer (September 9, 1912, Nivelles – May 30, 1994, Brussels) was a Belgian jazz reedist and bandleader.
Omer played violin before switching to clarinet and saxophone, playing with local groups in Strassburg and Brussels. He worked in France in the band of Billy Smith, then played with the Golden Stars and in René Compère's band. Omer participated in a recording session with Gus Deloof in 1931. Following a tour with Fud Candrix's Carolina Stomp Chasers, he founded his own group, which included at times Lauderic Caton and Jean Robert. He and Robert De Kers accompanied Josephine Baker in the mid-1930s, and played in a group with Ernst van 't Hoff late in the decade. In 1941, he recorded with Rudy Bruder. He settled in Brussels and led a band into the 1960s which played at the club Le Boeuf sur le Toit.
# Denis Cohn Gallery

The Denis Cohn Gallery was an art gallery founded by Denis Cohn, an influential dealer gallery in Auckland, New Zealand in the 1980s.
Born in Hale, England, Cohn's conversion to art came at the age of 14, at an exhibition of works by Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso at the Manchester Art Gallery. Cohn became a precocious collector, looking for finds in junk shops. In his later teens Cohn moved to London, where he met painter Michael Ayrton, from whom he bought his first art work.
Cohn met his life partner Bil (William) Vernon in 1968. Six years later they moved to New Zealand, where Cohn worked as an industrial journalist and began buying New Zealand art, beginning with a work on paper by Colin McCahon. According to art critic Hamish Keith, Cohn "had a fine eye for art, but also a keen appreciation for a bargain. He saw New Zealand art as undervalued at a time when Auckland had a mere handful of struggling galleries mainly dealing in established names". This observation led Cohn to open his eponymous gallery.
Despite its relatively short period of operation (1978-1986), Cohn and his gallery were known for showing leading artists and supporting the careers of younger and newer artists, including Malcolm Harrison, Christine Hellyar, Tony Fomison, Philip Clairmont and Allen Maddox. He also sought out a younger market of collectors, who had not yet began buying established artists' works. After the gallery closed in 1986 Cohn continued to deal art from his home, and worked with partner Bil Vernon on museum and gallery software, which became Vernon Systems.
Denis Cohn died in Fiji on 14 December 2006, aged 73.
An archive of the gallery's operations in held by the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
# Domenico della Rovere (bishop)

Domenico della Rovere, O.P. (died 1587) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Asti (1569–1587).

## Biography

Domenico della Rovere was born into a noble family from Asti, he belonged to the Dominican Order. He was ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 3 Mar 1569, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius V as Bishop of Asti. He served as Bishop of Asti until his death in 1587.
# GNOME Commander

GNOME Commander is a 'two panel' graphical file manager for GNOME. It is built using the GTK+ toolkit and GVfs.

## Features

* GNOME MIME types
* Network support through FTP, SFTP, SAMBA and WebDAV
* Context menu with bound the right click of mouse
* User defined context menu
* Quick device access buttons with automatic mounting and unmounting
* Latest accessed folder history
* Folder bookmarks
* Plugin support
* Python scripting
* Fast file viewer for text and images
* Meta data support for Exif, IPTC, ID3, Vorbis, FLAC, APE, PDF, OLE2 and ODF tags
* Tools for advanced renaming of files, searching, quick file name search in current directory, symlinking, comparing directories.
* User defined keyboard shortcuts
* Integrated command line

## User interface

The Gnome Commander is one of the file managers with two separate panels, based on the split-view interface of Norton Commander. This allows the simultaneous view of a source and destination directory for copying and moving files or directories. This also makes comparing directories very convenient. The number of windows on the desktop is thereby reduced. In Gnome Commander the two panels can be arranged either horizontally or vertically.
The Gnome Commander is seamlessly integrated into the Gnome desktop environment and can therefore serve as an alternative to the default file manager Nautilus which offers a so-called spatial view, where the content of each directory is displayed in a new window.
Only the keyboard is required to work with Gnome Commander, which makes working processes much faster. Using the mouse is still an option. Keyboard shortcuts and the behavior of certain mouse buttons are freely configurable.
Since Gnome Commander supports GVfs, allowing access to network interfaces such as FTP, SMB, WebDAV and SSH. There is a bookmark system for folders and a built-in file viewer for text and image documents. An integrated command line enables commands directly as input to a terminal.
The integrated Archive Manager plugin supports numerous data compression file formats such as ZIP files. Furthermore, a support for metadata systems such as Exif, IPTC and ID3-Tags for audio and video files, and other documents (e.g. pdf) is integrated. This metadata can be used for example by means of an extended tool for renaming files. It is possible to define actions depending on certain file extensions and to start these actions via a pop-up menu by right-clicking on the file.

## Platforms

GNOME Commander is developed for the Linux platform. Packages are available for several Linux distributions.
# Judson Mitcham

Judson Mitcham (born 1948) is an American author and poet best known for being the state of Georgia's tenth official poet laureate between 2012 and 2019. He is the only writer to win the Townsend Prize for Fiction twice. His poetry is featured regularly in publications such as Harpers, The Georgia Review, The Chattahoochee Review, The Gettysburg Review, and Southern Poetry Review.
In 2002, Mitcham began teaching writing workshops as a part-time professor at Mercer University. He also directed the Summer Writers' Institute at Emory University.

## Life and career

Judson Cofield Mitcham was born in 1948 in Monroe, Georgia to Wilson Mitcham, who worked at the local mill, and Myrtle, who worked for the New Deal Seed Loan Program. When he was 16, Judson Mitcham was involved in a car accident while driving a Chevrolet Corvair, which caused the death of one of his friends. Thinking about this incident was among the things that fueled Mitcham to write.
Mitcham studied psychology at University of Georgia, receiving his Ph.D. at 1974. He taught psychology at Fort Valley State University until his retirement in 2004.
In interviews, Mitcham has stated he had not written poetry in a serious way until he was 30. He originally wanted to write songs, but realized that his lyrical skills were a lot better than his music skills. His first published poetry collection, Somewhere in Ecclesiastes, won him both the Devins Award and the Georgia Author of the Year. His first novel, The Sweet Everlasting, won the Townsend Prize for Fiction. Mitcham stated that he wrote "narrative poems", and thus switching from poetry to fiction was a natural one. His poems and novels are set in Georgia, and the themes of his works include family, loss, age, and spirituality.
In 2012, Georgia's Governor Nathan Deal named him the state's Poet Laureate. As Poet Laureate, he initiated Poet Laureate's Prize, awarded annually to an original poem written by a Georgia high school student. In 2013, Mitcham was inducted into Georgia Writers Hall of Fame. He resides in Macon with his wife. He has two children and four grandchildren.

## Published works

* Somewhere in Ecclesiastes (1991)
* The Sweet Everlasting (1996)
* This April Day (2003)
* Sabbath Creek (2004)
* Heart of All Greatness (2007)
* A Little Salvation: Poems Old and New (2007)
# Fishburn (disambiguation)

Fishburn is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England.
Fishburn may also refer to:

## People

* Dudley Fishburn (born 1946), business man with strong links to the not-for-profit world
* M. S. Fishburn (1844–1926), American politician
* Peter C. Fishburn (1936–2021), pioneer in the field of decision-making processes
* Sam Fishburn (1893–1965), American Major League Baseball player

## Other

* Fishburn Airfield, a small grass strip airfield in Fishburn, County Durham
* Fishburn Grassland, a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Sedgefield district of County Durham, England
* Fishburn (ship), one of several vessels of that name
# Glenn Gordon

Glenn Gordon (born 1957) is a British billionaire businessman, the chairman of William Grant & Sons and a descendant of the company's founder, William Grant.

## Biography

His family’s wealth grew by over £200 million after profits at the William Grant & Sons distillery increased to £260.2 million in 2016/17.
According to the 2020 Sunday Times Rich List, Gordon was estimated to be worth £3.186 billion, an increase of £304 million from 2019.
He resides in Jersey.

## Early life

Gordon is the great-great grandson of company founder William Grant.

## Career

Gordon was managing director of William Grant & Sons from 1992 to 1999, and chairman since 2012, when he succeeded Peter Gordon, who had been chairman since 2008.
# Integrated Facility for Linux

The Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) is an IBM mainframe and Power Systems processor dedicated to running the Linux operating system. On IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE machines, IFLs can be used with or without hypervisors such as z/VM and KVM. IFLs are one of three most common types of "specialty" IBM mainframe processors that give software vendors (and their customers) more granular control over software licensing and maintenance costs. (The other most common specialty processors are zIIPs and ICFs). Microcode restricts IFLs to Linux workload by omitting some processor instructions not used by the Linux kernel (that other operating systems use), but the underlying processors are physically identical to general purpose processors (CPs). When IBM adds features and performance improvements to its mainframes' general purpose main processors (which can also run Linux), those features and improvements nearly always apply equally to IFLs. In fact, in recent IBM Z machines IFLs support simultaneous multithreading, a feature not available for general purpose processors.
IBM announced IFLs on August 1, 2000, and started shipping them on September 29, 2000. At the same time, IBM introduced a special Linux-only, VM-like product called the S/390 Virtual Image Facility for Linux to cater to IT staff previously unfamiliar with IBM mainframes. IBM soon discovered that z/VM was not too difficult for new IT staff to learn (and worked better), so IBM withdrew S/390 Virtual Image Facility for Linux from marketing on April 30, 2002.
Customers could purchase IFLs for all IBM mainframes as far back as the G5 series and can purchase IFLs for all recent IBM Z and LinuxONE machine models. IFLs also support select IBM software appliances such as the IBM Db2 Analytics Accelerator, zAware, and z/VSE Network Appliance, and they also supported the Z port of the now abandoned OpenSolaris operating system. Fujitsu and Hitachi also offered IFLs on certain models of their machines.
On Power Systems IFLs are also specially priced for both the processors and many software products.
# Diwiparangi

Diviparangi is a village situated in south-east of Alibag taluka in Raigad district, Maharashtra, India, on a creek of the Arabian Sea. By road the village is 16 km from the city of Alibag. Diviparangi is also referred as Divi locally.

## Palakhi procession

The village is famous for its temple of the goddess Jakhmata and her procession, locally called Palakhi, which is celebrated every odd year as per the Western calendar. This procession is famous in Alibaug and the surrounding area, as this is the only procession celebrated in daytime. Thousands of people from Alibag and around visit this temple on that auspicious day. It is a popular belief that wishes come true when they plea to Jakhmata.
The celebration of this procession with Palakhi of the goddess is followed by hundreds of participants in Fancy Dress competition, group dance, bhajan, banjo and conventional drums known as dhol-tasha. The villagers of Divi actively participate in the Fancy Dress competition; there is no age bar for participation in this competition. Along with Divi villagers, people from surrounding villages and Mumbai participate in the competition.
Immersion of the Palakhi is done at the day end before sunset, in the creek adjacent to Divi. With the belief of villagers of Divi, the Palakhi is found returned and floating near the bank of Divi creek, the next morning. This is happening for last many decades. Every alternate year, the Procession and Palakhi is celebrated for a day within a week after Hanuman-Jayanti (second week of Marathi calendar year). This time Palakhi Procession is being celebrated on [21-April-2019].