OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# H-1NF

The H-1NF (or H-1 Australian Plasma Fusion Research Facility) was a research institute of the H-1 heliac, a large stellarator device located in the ANU Research School of Physics at Canberra, Australia. It was established when the H-1 heliac was promoted to a national facility in 1996, adopting H-1NF as its facility name ("H-1" from the stellarator and "NF" for National Facility). In 2022 the H-1 heliac was disassembled before being shipped to its new home in China.

## H-1 heliac stellarator

The H-1 flexible Heliac is a three field-period helical axis stellarator. Optimisation of the H-1 power supplies for low current ripple allows precise control of the ratio of secondary (helical, vertical) coil to primary (poloidal, toroidal) coil currents, resulting in a finely tunable magnetic geometry. Slight variation in the current ratio between shots (plasma discharges) in a sequence corresponds to a high resolution parameter scan through magnetic configurations (i.e.: rotational transform profile, magnetic well). The programmable control system allows for repetition rates of around 30 shots per hour, limited by data acquisition time and magnet cooling time.

## Stated objectives

* Provide a high-temperature plasma national facility of international standing on a scale appropriate to Australia's research budget.
* Provide a focus for national and international collaborative research, make significant contributions to the global fusion research effort and increase the Australian presence in the field of plasma fusion power into the next century.
* Gain a detailed understanding of the basic physics of hot plasma which is magnetically confined in the helical-axis stellarator configuration.
* Develop advanced plasma measurement systems ("diagnostics"), integrating real-time processing and multi-dimensional visualization of data.
# HMAS Alfie Cam

HMAS Alfie Cam was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy during World War II. She was launched in 1919 in Cardiff, Wales, as Asama. The ship was purchased by T. A. Field and operated in Australian waters from 1928. She was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy in 1940. She was returned to her owners after the war and was later scrapped in 1953.

## Operational history

Asama was purchased by Mr. T. A. Field and sailed to Sydney, Australia in 1928. She was purchased by Cam & Sons Pty Ltd in February 1929 and was renamed Alfie Cam.
In 1940, Alfie Cam was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy for use as an auxiliary. She was returned to her owners in 1946 and resuming trawling. She became grounded on a reef, near Twofold Bay, New South Wales on 12 July 1953 and damaged her hull.

## Fate

Too expensive to repair, she was sold in 1953 and was scrapped.

## Citations

* ↑ "The Sydney Morning Herald, Tuesday 13 November 1928, p.12". Retrieved 30 March 2011.
* ↑ "The Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 20 February 1929, p.14". Retrieved 30 March 2011.
* ↑ "The West Australian, Monday 13 July 1953, p.4". Retrieved 30 March 2011.
# Cupidon

Cupidon may refer to:
* Cupid (known as Cupidon in French), a god of classical mythology
* Cupidon (comics), a Belgian comics series by Malik and Raoul Cauvin
* Cupidon (1875), a painting by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
* Georgie Cupidon (born 1981), male badminton player from Seychelles
* Cupidon Mouse, a children's television programme which is produced and broadcast by the BBC.
# H. J. McCloskey

Henry John McCloskey (1925–2000) was an Australian moral philosopher and writer. McCloskey was Professor of Philosophy at La Trobe University in Melbourne. After graduating from the University of Melbourne, he had appointments at the University of Western Australia and the University of Melbourne before taking up a chair at La Trobe. He was president of the Australasian Association of Philosophy in 1978.
McCloskey is known for his sheriff scenario, a thought experiment he used to criticize "extreme" utilitarianism, or what later came to be known as act utilitarianism. He was married to Mary Agnes McCloskey. McCloskey was an atheist. He argued that the problem of evil provides conclusive evidence against theism. McCloskey was a noted critic of animal rights. McCloskey stated that animals cannot have moral rights but they can be given legal rights.

## Selected publications

Articles
* Rights (The Philosophical Quarterly, 1965)
* The Right to Life (Mind, 1975)
* Moral Rights and Animals (Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, 1979)
Books
* Morality Without Religion (1961)
* The Problem of Liberalism (1965)
* Utilitarian and Retributive Punishment (1967)
* Meta-ethics and Normative Ethics (1969)
* The Political Philosophy of Liberalism (1973)
* John Stuart Mill: A Critical Study (1971)
* God and Evil (1974)
* Ecological Ethics and Politics (1983)
# H2Oasis Indoor Waterpark

H$_2$Oasis Indoor Waterpark is a 56,000 square foot (5,200 m$^2$) indoor water park located in Anchorage, Alaska, United States, just east of the Seward Highway at 1520 O'Malley Road. It opened in 2003 and was, at the time, the fifth largest indoor waterpark in the United States.

## Rides and water features

* The Master Blaster: a 43ft high and 505ft long water-powered rollercoaster (watercoaster)
* Open-flume body slide (orange), 43ft high
* Enclosed body slide (green)
* Wave pool, generating 3–4 foot waves
* Lazy River, encircling the park
* Pirate Ship Kiddie Pool, with seven slides and four water cannons
* Mushroom Water Drop and Beached Boat
* Alaska Hot Tub
The water temperature is kept around 84 °F (27 °C).
# HIW Internet Championship

The HIW Internet Championship is one of two secondary championships in High Impact Wrestling Canada and defended on that brand. The current champion is Brayden Parsons who is in his first reign.
After High Impact Wrestling unveiled a new HIW Central Canadian Heavyweight Championship belt, some time later (date unknown), Charles T. Champ took the old belt and turned into the Internet Championship by putting WWW on it. Charles declared himself the champion although unofficial. Champ kept lobbying then CEO Gabriel Jaxxsyn to sanction the title to no avail. When other HIW stars started challenging for the belt, HIW management declared it would become a sanctioned title. The first official champion was decided at the Spring Meltdown 2018. Davey O'Doyle defeated Champ in a ladder match to become the first official champion. The title was deactivated on October 26, 2019 as Monster Brawl VI was HIW's final show as they ceased operations. Canadian's Wrestling Elite acquired all of HIW's assets.

## Title history

Key :
| No. | Overall reign number |
| Reign | Reign number for the specific champion |
| Days | Number of days held |
| No. | Champion | Championship change | Championship change | Championship change | Reign statistics | Reign statistics | Notes | Ref. |
| No. | Champion | Date | Event | Location | Reign | Days | Notes | Ref. |
| 1 | Davey O'Doyle | April 27, 2018 | Spring Meltdown | Regina, Saskatchewan | 1 | 175 | Defeated Charles T. Champ in a ladder match. | |
| 2 | Brayden Parsens | October 19, 2018 | Monster Ball V | Regina, Saskatchewan | 1 | 106 | | |
| 3 | Davey O'Doyle | February 2, 2019 | Friday Night Impact | Regina, Saskatchewan | 1 | 83 | | |
| 4 | Wavell Starr | April 26, 2019 | Spring Meltdown | Regina, Saskatchewan | 1 | 182 | | |
| — | Deactivated | October 25, 2019 | Monster Brawl VI | Regina, Saskatchewan | — | — | Monster Brawl VI was the final show as the company ceased operations. Canadian Wrestling's Elite acquired all of HIW's assets. | |

## Combined reigns

| Rank | Champion | No. of reigns | Combined days |
| 1 | Davey O'Doyle | 2 | 258 |
| 2 | Wavell Starr | 1 | 182 |
| 3 | Brayden Parsens | 1 | 112 |
# Cultural travel

Cultural travel is a type of travel that emphasizes experiencing life within a foreign culture, rather than from the outside as a temporary visitor. Cultural travelers leave their home environment at home, bringing only themselves and a desire to become part of the culture they visit. Cultural travel goes beyond cultural exploration or discovery; it involves a transformation in way of life.
This definition was first used by Gary Langer "Travel to Learn". Transitions Abroad. 1. Transitions Abroad Publishing: 12–15. March 1977. as a way of describing travel that requires a "transition" to a new level of understanding of and appreciation for a foreign culture.
The term is often distorted and misused by travel agents, tour operators and international tourism organizations. Culture primarily has to do with people and less with places or things. So visiting museums, touring ancient structures, attending festivals, and eating local food does not provide the same experience as becoming a member of the culture itself..
Staying in local accommodations, or homestays, and getting immersed in local traditions with the locals you meet are forms of cultural travel. The goal of cultural travel is to understand the local culture by experiencing it.
The antithesis of cultural travel is tourism, where people bring their home environment with them wherever they go and apply it to whatever they see.
# Curtis, Illinois

Curtis is an unincorporated community in Menard County, Illinois, United States. Curtis is 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Greenview.
# Customs and Excise Extra Guards Association

The Customs and Excise Extra Guards Association is a trade union in Trinidad and Tobago which represents Extra Guards in the Customs and Excise Division of the Ministry of Finance.
# HD 22764

HD 22764, also known as HR 1112, is an orange hued star located in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.78, allowing it to be faintly visible to the naked eye. The object is located relatively far at a distance of approximately 1,770 light years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements but is approaching the Solar System with a heliocentric radial velocity of −12.5 km/s. At its current distance, HD 22764's brightness is diminished by 0.66 magnitudes due to interstellar dust.
The object has two stellar classifications; one states that it is an ageing red giant (K3.5 IIIb) while the other instead lists it as a slightly cooler lower luminosity red supergiant (K4 Ib). The first spectrum hints a close companion to the object of spectral type G. If considered as a supergiant, it has 6.8 times the mass of the Sun; if considered as an older giant star, it has a mass of 2.86 M$_☉$. As a result of its evolved state, HD 22764 has expanded to 167 times the Sun's radius and now radiates 3,342 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,928 K. Age estimates range from 47 up to 820 million years. It has an iron abundance 65% that of the Sun, making it metal deficient. The object spins leisurely with a projected rotational velocity lower than 1.9 km/s.
HD 22764 is the primary of a binary star consisting of it and HD 22763, a B8 giant star located 54.8" away along a position angle of 38°. There are also 4 line-of-sight companions located near the system.
# HMRC Vigilant

A number of vessels of the British revenue services, at times known as the Inland Revenue, HM Customs and Excise, HM Revenue and Customs, and most recently UK Border Agency, have been named Vigilant:
* HMRC Vigilant (1901) was a customs cutter built in 1901 and converted into a houseboat in 1920. She is currently laid up awaiting preservation.
* HMRC Vigilant (1921) was the former HMS Esther, acquired in 1921 and the sole Revenue vessel during the 1920s.
* HMRC Vigilant (1947) was the former HMS Benbecula, acquired in 1947.
* HMC Vigilant is a customs cutter built in 2003, and in service as of 2009 (previously HMRC Vigilant, and HMCC Vigilant).
# Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 2-O-glucuronosyltransferase

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 2-O-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.254, BpUGT94B1, UDP-glucuronic acid:anthocyanin glucuronosyltransferase, UDP-glucuronic acid:anthocyanidin 3-glucoside 2'-O-beta-glucuronosyltransferase, BpUGAT, UDP-D-glucuronate:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucoside 2-O-beta-glucuronosyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-D-glucuronate:cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside 2-O-beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    UDP-D-glucuronate + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside $\rightleftharpoons$ UDP + cyanidin 3-O-(2-O-beta-D-glucuronosyl)-beta-D-glucoside
The enzyme is highly specific for cyanidin 3-O-glucosides and UDP-D-glucuronate.
# Cumminsiella

Cumminsiella is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pucciniaceae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe, Northern America and Australia.

## Species

As accepted by GBIF:
* Cumminsiella antarctica (Speg.) J.W.Baxter
* Cumminsiella santa J.W.McCain & J.F.Hennen
* Cumminsiella standleyana Cummins
* Cumminsiella stolpiana (Magnus) J.W.Baxter
* Cumminsiella texana (Holw. & Long) Arthur
* Cumminsiella umbrosa J.F.Hennen & Cummins
* Cumminsiella wootoniana (Arthur) Arthur
Former species; Cumminsiella mirabilissima (Peck) Nannf. (1947) now Cumminsiella sanguinea
# Cyperus granitophilus

Cyperus granitophilus, commonly known as the granite flatsedge, is a species of sedge that is native to southern parts of North America.
# HMS Prince (1854)

HMS Prince was a Royal Navy storeship purchased in 1854 from mercantile owners and lost in a storm off Balaklava in November that year during the Crimean War.
She was purchased from the General Screw Steam Shipping Company for £105,000 by Admiralty Order dated July 1854 and commissioned under Commander Benjamin Baynton. She sailed for the Crimea, carrying 150 persons and a cargo of much needed winter uniforms. The loss of the ship and its cargo caused a public outcry in Britain because of the severe winter conditions being endured by troops in unsuitable clothing.
She was destroyed at a deep water anchorage outside Balaklava by a hurricane-force storm that tore her from her anchorage and dashed her onto rocks: she broke up completely within ten minutes and only six of her 150 crew were saved. Correspondent William Howard Russell considered her officers to have been negligent in losing her bower anchors. Commander Bayntoun, her commanding officer, perished in the wreck.
Twenty-nine other Allied transport ships were wrecked during the same storm.
A Ukrainian maritime archeological team led by Sergei Voronov, of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences discovered the wreck in 2010 off Balaklava.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Winfield (2004) p.243
* ↑ The loss (and discovery) of Crimean troop ship, HMS Prince Archived 28 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine
* ↑ The Times article; 5 Dec 1854
* ↑ "Crimean War, 1853-1856".
* ↑ Ukrainians uncover Crimean British Navy vessel
# Cyperus pseuderemicus

Cyperus pseuderemicus is a species of sedge that is native to parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
# Cyperus pseudovestitus

Cyperus pseudovestitus is a species of sedge that is native to parts of Africa.
# Cyperus pubens

Cyperus pubens is a species of sedge that is native to Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe in southern tropical Africa.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Georg Kükenthal in 1931.
# Cynthia Nance

Cynthia E. Nance is Dean and Nathan G. Gordon Professor of Law at the University of Arkansas School of Law. Cynthia E. Nance, demonstrated her love for academic pursuits from a young age. She completed her B.S. in Economics, magna cum laude, at Chicago State University in 1986. Cynthia then continued her education at the University of Iowa, where she earned a J.D. with distinction in 1990, an M.A. in Finance in 1991, and a Ph.D. in Industrial Relations at the same institution in 1994.
Nance also serves on the board of directors for Northwest Arkansas's annual Bikes, Blues, and BBQ charity motorcycle rally.

## Education

Nance received her Bachelors of Science degree in Economics, magna cum laude, from Chicago State University, followed by a J.D. and a M.A. from the University of Iowa College of Law and College of Business.

## Selected works
### Articles

* The Value of a Law Degree, Iowa Law Review (2011)
* Why Labor and Employment Ethics?, Northern Kentucky Law Review (2006)
* Ethical Issues of Dealing with Unrepresented Parties in Mediation, The Practical Litigator (2005)
* Colorable Claims: The Continuing Significance of Color under Title VII Forty Years after Its Passage, Berkeley Journal of Employment & Labor Law (2005)
* From Widgets to Digits: Reimagining Protective Workplace Policy; A Review of Katherine Stone’s, From Widgets to Digits: Employment Regulation for the Changing Workplace, Employee Rights & Employment Policy Journal (2005)
* Unrepresented Parties in Mediation, Practical Litigator (2004)
* Spoliation of Evidence in Employment Law Cases, Brandeis Law Journal (2004)

## Recognition

* Former Chair of the Association of American Law Schools Labor and Employment Law and Employment Discrimination Sections
* Member of the American Bar Association House of Delegates
* Member of the American Bar Association Center for Racial and Ethnic Diversity
* Member of the American Bar Association’s Labor and Employment Law Section Council
* Member of the Diversity Commission for the Arkansas Bar Association (1995 to present)
* Member of the Law School Admission Council Board
* Chair of the Law School Admission Council's Finance and Legal Affairs Committee
# Cynthia Neville

Cynthia J Neville, FRHistS, FSAScot is a Canadian historian, medievalist and George Munro professor of history at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Neville's primary research interests are the social, political and cultural history of medieval Scotland, 1000–1500, specifically legal history, Gaelic-Norman interactions and Gaelic lordship. She is also interested in English legal history from 1250 to 1500. Neville is currently working on a project concerning royal pardon in Scotland from 1100 to 1603.

## Publications

* Neville, Cynthia J. 'Land, Law and People in Medieval Scotland'. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010.
* Neville, Cynthia J. Native lordship in medieval Scotland : the earldoms of Strathearn and Lennox, c.1140-1365. Dublin : Four Courts Press, 2005. xv, 255 p. : maps ; 24 cm. ISBN 1-85182-890-7
* Neville, Cynthia J. Violence, custom and law : the Anglo-Scottish border lands in the later Middle Ages. / Cynthia J. Neville. Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, c1998. xiv, 226 p. ; 24 cm. ISBN 0-7486-1073-1

## Awards

* 2006 Margaret Wade Labarge Prize for the book, Native Lordship in Medieval Scotland from the Canadian Society of Medievalists.
* 2003-2004 winner of the Burgess Research Award.
# 1968–69 Bradford City A.F.C. season

The 1968–69 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 56th in the club's history.
The club finished 4th in Division Four (winning promotion to Division Three), reached the 1st round of the FA Cup, and the 2nd round of the League Cup.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903-1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# Brooklyn Community Board 12

Brooklyn Community Board 12 is New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Borough Park, Kensington, Ocean Parkway, and Midwood.

## Geography

Brooklyn Community Board 12 is delimited by 61st Street on the west, 8th Avenue, 37th Street and Caton Avenue on the north, Coney Island Avenue, 18th Street, MacDonald Avenue and Long Island Rail Road on the east, as well as by Avenue P on the south. The land area is 2,304.1 acres (9.324 km$^2$).

## Population

As of the United States Census 2000, the Community Board has a population of 185,046, up from 160,018 in 1990 and 155,903 in 1980. Of them (as of 2000), 120,697 (65.2%) are White non Hispanic, 5,398 (2.9%) are African-American, 26,030 (14.1%) Asian or Pacific Islander, 206 (0.1%) American Indian or Native Alaskan, 2,089 (1.1%) of some other race, 6,224(3.4%) of two or more race, 24,402 (13.2%) of Hispanic origins. 44.1% of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004, up from 25.6% in 2000.

## Leadership

The Board's current chairman is Yidel Perlstein, and its district manager is Barry Spitzer.

### Controversies

Perlstein, the first Hasidic Jew to fill the position, was elected in March 2012, unseating 19-year veteran Alex Dubrow. Perlstein's win was controversial due to his having served only nine months out of the twelve required in order to qualify for a candidacy. Perlstein was vigorously supported by New York City Councilmember David G. Greenfield, his intervention being called "an unprecedented act of intimidation by an elected official" by board members.
During a taped phone conversation, Perlstein described how at a September 2015 breakfast meeting in Williamsburg, Brooklyn he convinced a New York City Police Department assistant chief to appeal to future Police Commissioner James P. O'Neill to keep a friendly promoted lieutenant at the 66th Precinct, a police station in Community Board 12. This went contrary to standard procedure of transferring promoted officers to other precincts in order to prevent animosity from peers, and corruption. The officer was later found to be connected to Alex Lichtenstein, a Shomrim leader who was convicted in 2017 of bribing police officers almost $1 million in order to receive 150 gun permits for resale to community members. The lieutenant was subsequently stripped of his badge and gun, and transferred.
# Chainarol

The Chainarol, also known as the Chainalol (literally, "Way of the warrior"), is an ancient Meitei language text (puya) which records the armed combats of various gladiators through different periods of history of Ancient Kangleipak. It consists of 27 stories of real life incidents of the dual fight between different gladiators.

## Introduction

The author of the text expresses his desire to sing in plaintive notes of the fights that took place between those dauntless people who could never be awed by evil portents of nature nor be repulsed by objects of formidable danger.

## Story
### First story

The first story in the text is about the story of Yaiphurakpa, king of Chairen, and Haotak Laiba, the Khende king, whose wife once entertained the former with plenty of drinks and rich dishes during a hunting sport. In gratitude Yaiphurakpã threw the following year a lavish feast, but this caused a great jealousy in the Khende king. And he charged his friend of enjoying favours of his wife which the latter strongly denied. The first, however, insisted on settling the matter through a single combat in archery for divine dispensation and for which selection of a site known as Lawai Ponbikhok Chäiren Theichang Poong was agreed upon. When Häotak Laiba, the Khende king, first discharged his arrow with full force in the name of heaven and earth it went wide of the mark and fell headlong on the marshy grass, but in the turn of Yaiphūrākpā, the Chairen king, his arrow went straight and hit the Khende king in the thigh. When he was about to claim the Khende king's head, the earlier bond of friendship suddenly held him back. The two came back smiling and taking the incident in a sporting manner reconciled over a hearty drink.

## Analysis

The Chainarol mentions again and again the tradition of bellicosity among the clan dynasties of the Meitei people. In accordance with the text, fighting is mainly for the sake of it though honour may be attributed to as the primary motive with occasional gain of the respective communities to which the combatant belongs. The height of the glorification of individual valour and unrestrained admiration for physical prowess and martial skill are given in all their vividness. The combatants are like Kilkeny cats out to destroy each other and in some way bear the traits of the Roman gladiators. But they outdo the latter in one respect: the victor invariably claiming the head of the vanquished. In short, to wager life was the fond pastime of these valiant souls. So the stories rather seem to be closer to the Sagas of Icelanders.
# Birkfeld

Birkfeld is a market town in the district of Weiz in the Austrian state of Styria.

## Geography

It lies in the valley of the Feistritz [de; fr; sh; sv] river.