OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colin A. Palmer

Colin Alphonsous Palmer (March 23, 1944 − June 20, 2019) was a Jamaican American historian. He was a Dodge Professor of History and African American studies at Princeton University.
Palmer was an author of several monographs pertaining to the history of diasporic Africans. His work mainly focused on the effects of the enslavement and colonization of Africans. The effects that he discusses are known as the African Diaspora . Palmer attended the University of the West Indies for his bachelor's degree, followed by a masters and PH.D from the University of Wisconsin. He went on to teach at several institutions including Oakland University, the University of North Carolina, and the City University of New York. One of his most notable works, Freedom's Children, contains an in-depth overview of British colonialism in Jamaica one hundred years after the ending of slavery, and is centered upon the impact that the Labour Rebellions of 1938 had on the development of working-class consciousness and the collective disposition to act. It provides insight on Alexander Bustamante's association with the imperial regime, together with demonstrating the roles that Bustamante and, his cousin, Norman Manley played in the rise of trade unions and the beginning of party politics in Jamaica. These topics are thoroughly detailed in this work, bringing the harshness of the British regime to light. Colin Palmer's works concerned the history of Blacks from several regions, including Jamaica, Mexico, America, and Africa. In addition to his books, Palmer also published academic articles in journals such as The Black Scholar. He later worked as a managing editor for the Blacks Studies Center and teaches at the University of Princeton. Palmer died in Kingston, Jamaica on June 20, 2019.

## List of Works

* Inward Hunger: The Education of Prime Minister by Eric Williams (Editor) (1972)
* Slaves of the White God: Blacks in Mexico, 1570-1650 (1976)
* Human Cargoes (1981)
* Modern Caribbean (1989)
* Capitalism and Slavery by Eric Williams (Editor, with a new introduction) (1994)
* The First Passage: Blacks in the Americas 1502-1617 (1995)
* The African Diaspora (1996)
* Passageways: An Interpretive History of Black America (1998)
* The Education of History for Twenty-First Century (2003)
* Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History: The Black experience in The Americas (Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History) 6 vol. set (2005)
* Beyond Black and Red: African-Native Relations in Colonial Latin America (2005)
* Eric Williams & The Making Of The Modern Caribbean (2006)
* Ideology, Identity and Assumptions (2007)
* Cultural Life (2007)
* Cheddi Jagan and the Politics of Power: British Guiana's Struggle for Independence (2010)
* Freedom's Children: The 1983 Labor Rebellion and the Birth of Modern Jamaica (2014)
# Chryse (ancient Greek placename)

Chryse (Ancient Greek: Χρύση) is a name occurring in Ancient Greek geography, reported by ancient authors to have referred to the following places:
* Chryse (island), a former island in the Mediterranean where, in Greek mythology Philoctetes was bitten by a snake. This island is underwater now.
* Chryse and Argyre, one of a pair of legendary islands in the Indian Ocean said to be made of gold and silver
* Chryse, a town mentioned in Homer's Iliad, from which Agamemnon took Chryseis
* Chrysē nēsos (Golden Island), an ancient poetical name for the island Thasos, for its gold mines
* Chryse, a promontory of Lemnos opposite Tenedos
* Chryse (Aeolis), a town of ancient Aeolis, now in Turkey
* Chryse (Lesbos), Lesbos, a place in Greece
* Chryse (Troad), a town of the ancient Troad, now in Turkey
* Chryse, Skyros, a village or place in Ancient Greece
* Chryse (Caria), a place in the area of Halicarnassus, now in Turkey
* Chryse (Hellespont), located between Ophrynion and Abydos
* Chryse (Bithynia), close to Chalcedon
* Chryse, Gaidaronisi, an island near Crete
* Isle of Chryse, a term in classical antiquity for the Malay peninsula or Sumatra
# Colekitchen Down

Colekitchen Down is a 3-hectare (7.4-acre) nature reserve north of Gomshall in Surrey. It is managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust.
This sloping area of species-rich unimproved chalk grassland is surrounded by woodland and scrub. There is a variety of butterflies including chalkhill blue, small heath, adonis blue, gatekeeper, brimstone and marbled white.
There is no public access.
# Doxford House

Doxford House is an 18th-century mansion in the Silksworth area of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Formerly known as Silksworth House, it was constructed in 1775–1780 by William Johnson who on his death in 1792 bequeathed the property to his friend Hendry Hopper. In 1831 Priscilla Hopper, then heiress to the estate, married William Beckwith of Thurcroft. He was High Sheriff of Durham in 1857. The Beckwiths moved to Shropshire in about 1890 and the house was let out.
In 1902, Charles David Doxford of William Doxford & Sons, brother of Theodore Doxford, took out a 99-year lease on the 24-acre (97,000 m$^2$) estate. On his death in 1935, his daughter, Aline, bought out the lease. On her death in 1968, she bequeathed the house and estate to Sunderland Corporation who gave the house its present name and turned the gardens into Doxford Park.
In 1989, the house became a students’ hall of residence for Sunderland University and from about 2000 to 2006 was occupied by the Lazarus Foundation, a drug rehabilitation charity. It was later converted into a private home.
# Bixton

Bixton may refer to:
* Walter Bixton (died 1403/4), English MP for Norwich
* Rudi Bixton, character played by Omar Benson Miller in American TV series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
* Sally Bixton, a character in the 1971 American TV film A Howling in the Woods
# Compsoctena similis

Compsoctena similis is a moth in the family Eriocottidae. It was described by Wolfgang Dierl in 1970. It is found in Tanzania.
# Bevismyia

Bevismyia is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Bevismyia basuto Munro, 1957
# Energy and Power

Energy and Power is a 1962 science book for children by L. Sprague de Camp, illustrated by Weimer Pursell and Fred Eng, published by Golden Press as part of The Golden Library of Knowledge Series. It has been translated into Portuguese and Spanish.
The title blurb summarizes the content as "How man uses animals, wind, water, heat, electricity, chemistry, and atoms to perform work."
# FIL European Luge Championships 1982

The FIL European Luge Championships 1982 took place in Winterberg, West Germany.

## Men's singles

| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Uwe Handrich (GDR) |
| Silver | Sergey Danilin (URS) |
| Bronze | Ernst Haspinger (ITA) |

## Women's singles

| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Bettina Schmidt (GDR) |
| Silver | Steffi Martin (GDR) |
| Bronze | Melitta Sollmann (GDR) |

## Men's doubles

| Medal | Athlete |
| Gold | Austria (Günther Lemmerer, Reinhold Sulzbacher) |
| Silver | East Germany (Hans Rinn, Jörg-Dieter Ludwig) |
| Bronze | West Germany (Hans Stangassinger, Franz Wembacher) |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | East Germany (GDR) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | Austria (AUT) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Soviet Union (URS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
# Collar stay

A collar stay, collar stick, collar bone (British English), collar tab (British English), collar stiffener, or collar stiff is a shirt accessory consisting of a smooth strip of rigid material, rounded at one end and pointed at the other, inserted into specially made pockets on the underside of a shirt collar to stabilize the collar's points. The stays ensure that the collar lies flat against the collarbone, looking crisp and remaining in the correct place.
Collar stays can be made from a variety of materials, including metal (such as brass, stainless steel, or sterling silver), horn, baleen, mother of pearl, or plastic. Shirts often come with plastic stays that may eventually need to be replaced if they bend; metal replacements do not have this problem.
Collar stays can be found in haberdashers, fabric- and sewing-supply stores and men's clothing stores. They are manufactured in multiple lengths to fit different collar designs, or may be designed with a means to adjust the length of the collar stay.
There are many variations to the traditional collar stay. Some metallic collar stays are sold with a magnet, which is used to hold the stiffened collar in place against the shirt. A different type of collar stay discreetly adds a button hook on one end, to help fasten tiny buttons on dress shirts; e.g. placket, cuffs or button down collars. Adhesive collar stays can be stuck to the underside of a collar to either add stiffness or attach the collar points to the shirt.
Collar stays are removed from shirts before dry cleaning or pressing, as the cleaning process can damage both the shirt and the stays; they are replaced prior to wearing. Shirts that are press ironed with the collar stays are vulnerable to damage, as this results in a telltale impression of the collar stay in the fabric of the collar. Some shirts have stays which are sewn into the collar and are not removable.
Some dress shirts are sold with shorter, wider stays than the classic shirt stay (e.g., Tommy Hilfiger). The classic stay will not work with these shirts.
# Charles Simonds

Charles Simonds (August 22, 1783 – April 12, 1859) was a merchant and political figure in the pre-Confederation Province of New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Saint John County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1821 to 1846, from 1850 to 1851 and from 1856 to 1857.
He was born in Portland (later Saint John, New Brunswick), the son of James Simonds and Hannah Peabody, and educated there. Simonds joined his father's business, later taking over the management of its activities at Portland. In 1817, he married Catharine Mary Longmuir. In 1820, he became one of the first directors of the Bank of New Brunswick and, in 1824, he became its president. He married Lucy Anne Clopper, the sister of Henry George Clopper, in 1824 after the death of his first wife. Simonds also became involved with the Commercial Bank of New Brunswick and the Saint John Fire Insurance Company. He served as a member of the first council for King's College (later the University of New Brunswick). However, later Simonds became critical of the college. He was speaker for the legislative assembly from 1829 to 1831, succeeding his brother Richard. Simonds later served again as speaker from 1835 to 1841, in 1851 and from 1856 to 1857. He also was a member of the Executive Council and of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick. Simonds also served as a justice of the peace. He died in Saint John at the age of 75.
# Douglas First Nation

The Douglas First Nation, aka the Douglas Indian Band, Douglas Band, or Xa'xtsa First Nation, are a band government of the In-SHUCK-ch Nation, a subgroup of the larger St'at'imc people, also referred to as Lower Stl'atl'imx. The Douglas, Skatin and Samahquam communities are related through familial ties as well as culturally and linguistically. The In-SHUCK-ch are the southernmost of the four divisions making up the Lillooet ethnographic group. The Douglas First Nation's main community is at Xa'xtsa, a village on their main reserve at the head of Harrison Lake, near the former gold rush port-town of Port Douglas.

## British Columbia Treaty Process

Please see In-SHUCK-ch Nation#British Columbia Treaty Process.

## Demographics

The number of registered band members as of September 2009 was 235. Of these 51 were living on one of the band's own reserves (30 male, 21 female), 39 were living on reserves under the administration of another band (26 male, 13 female), and 145 were living off-reserve (57 male, 88 female).

## Indian Reserves

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Indian Reserves under the administration of the Douglas First Nation are:
* Douglas Indian Reserve No. 8, at the head of Harrison Lake and at the mouth of the Lillooet River, 416.80 ha. 49°45′00″N 122°10′00″W﻿ / ﻿49.75000°N 122.16667°W﻿ / 49.75000; -122.16667﻿ (Douglas IR No. 8)
* Lelachen Indian Reserve No. 6, on both banks of the Lillooet River, 15.20 ha. (s)lápus is the name in Ucwalmícwts for the fishing camp and Transformer site located at/near the bridge crossing in this reserve. 49°47′14″N 122°13′24″W﻿ / ﻿49.78722°N 122.22333°W﻿ / 49.78722; -122.22333﻿ (Lelachen IR No. 6)
* Tipella Indian Reserve No. 7, on the right bank of the Lillooet River, 0.30 ha. 49°47′00″N 122°13′00″W﻿ / ﻿49.78333°N 122.21667°W﻿ / 49.78333; -122.21667﻿ (Tipella IR No. 7)
# Evelyn Raymond

Evelyn Raymond (March 20, 1908 – April 25, 1998) was an American sculptor. Raymond lived in Duluth, Minnesota. In 1928 she received a scholarship to the Minneapolis School of Art.

## Biography

Her teacher at the Minneapolis School of Art was Charles S. Raymond, with whom she studied for two years; from 1930 to 1932 she studied painting under Cameron Booth, and in 1932 she went to New York to study at the Art Students League under William Zorach.
She created work for the Federal Art Project during the Great Depression, and taught from 1939 to 1951 at the Walker Art Center, where she eventually became head of the sculpture department. At one point during the Depression she taught sculpture for 25 cents an hour. She also founded the Minnesota Sculpture Society, of which she served for a time as president, during the 1940s.
When in 1958 the Minnesota Statehood Centennial Commission decided to place a sculpture in the National Statuary Hall collection it was Raymond who was chosen to execute the statue; the resulting depiction of Maria Sanford may still be seen in the United States Capitol. The Walker Art Center and the Minnesota Museum of Art are among the museums holding examples of her work, which may also be found in public collections around the state. Raymond exhibited both alone and in group shows throughout her career.
Raymond's papers are currently held by the Minnesota Historical Society.
# Emihamn

Emihamn is a database of passenger lists compiled from police records for Swedish emigrants departing from major Swedish ports between the years 1869–1950. Almost all emigrants were required to register with the port police prior to leaving the country. The register generally includes the passenger's name, occupation/title, age at the time of emigration, birthplace or place of residence, county, destination, and date of emigration, among other information. It is useful as a resource for genealogists who know their ancestor's name and date of emigration, but do not know the ancestor's birthplace.
# Cherry Hill and The Gallops, Barton Mills

Cherry Hill and The Gallops, Barton Mills is a 10.4-hectare (26-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Barton Mills in Suffolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2.
This site consists of road verges which have calcareous grassland with four nationally rare plants, and two locally uncommon ones, sand catchfly and yellow medick. There is also a strip of pine plantation which has several rare insects.
There is public access to these roadside verges along stretches of Herringswell Road and Worlington Road.
# ECAC Tournament

ECAC Tournament may refer to:
* ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, the collegiate conference ice hockey tournament for ECAC Hockey
* ECAC Men's Basketball Tournaments, various end-of-season collegiate men's basketball tournaments organized by the Eastern College Athletic Association since 1973
* ECAC North men's basketball tournament, the post-season men's basketball tournament held annually by the ECAC North Conference from 1980 through 1988, prior to it being renamed the America East Conference
# Coleophora sparsiatomella

Coleophora sparsiatomella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Canada, including Ontario.
# Chuck Dauphin

Charles Frederick Dauphin III (February 17, 1974 – September 18, 2019) was an American sports and country music journalist. He was a radio broadcaster for WDKN in Dickson, Tennessee for 18 years, a radio show host and sports director at WNKX in Centerville for 10 years, and a contributing writer to Billboard from 2011 until his death. He received an Achievement Award at the 2014 Country Music Association Awards.
He died at Nashville's Alive Hospice following a series of complications from diabetes.
# Collarada

Collarada peak is a mountain in the western Pyrenees of Huesca, situated on the northeastern Aragon near the towns of Villanúa (to the south) and Canfranc (to the west). The peak is 2,886 meters AMSL high, being the highest summit in the Jacetania comarca of Aragon.
A great view of this mountain can be obtained from Larres, a village that gained life again after its castle dated 14th century got restored by the "Amigos del Serrablo".
# Emily Alexander

Emily Alexander may refer to:
* Emily Alexander (Honorverse), a character in Honorverse
* Emily Alexander (Hollyoaks), a character in Hollyoaks
# Down the 'Gate

Down the 'Gate is a British comedy television series which ran for two series on ITV from 1975 to 1976. It starred Reg Varney as a fish porter at London's Billingsgate Market.

## Main cast

* Reg Varney as Reg Furnell
* Dilys Laye as Irene Furnell
* Geoffrey Hinsliff as Landlord at 'The Lamb'
* Helen Keating as Rosie, Canteen Girl
* Peter Spraggon as Harry
* Reg Lye as Old Wol
* Percy Herbert as Reg's Boss
# Bertie (surname)

Bertie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Earl of Lindsey and Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, titles in the Peerage of England, including a list of titleholders, all of whom bear the surname Bertie
* Albemarle Bertie (disambiguation)
* Andrew Bertie (1929–2008), 78th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
* Charles Bertie (disambiguation)
* Diego Bertie (1967–2022), Peruvian actor and singer
* Francis Bertie, 1st Viscount Bertie of Thame (1844-1919), British diplomat
* Henry Bertie (of Weston-on-the-Green) (died 1734), Member of Parliament for Oxford, Westbury, and Woodstock
* Henry Bertie (proprietor) (c. 1675–1735), Lord Proprietor of North Carolina and Member of Parliament for Beaumaris
* Montagu Bertie (disambiguation)
* Peregrine Bertie (disambiguation)
* Philip Bertie (c. 1660–1728), English courtier and politician
* Priscilla Bertie, 21st Baroness Willoughby de Eresby (1761–1828)
* Richard Bertie (courtier) (died 1582), English landowner and religious evangelical
* Robert Bertie (disambiguation)
* Thomas Bertie (1758–1825), Royal Navy admiral
* Willoughby Bertie, 3rd Earl of Abingdon (1692–1760)
* Willoughby Bertie, 4th Earl of Abingdon (1740–1799)
# Cohen House, London

Cohen House is a private house on Old Church Street in Chelsea, London. It was designed and built in 1935–1936 by the architects Erich Mendelsohn and Serge Chermayeff, with Birkin Haward, for the Cohen family.
It adjoins the house at 66 Old Church Street built at the same time by Walter Gropius and Maxwell Fry for a cousin of the Cohens.
The latter house has been altered beyond recognition but by comparison Cohen House is well preserved. The large conservatory, to the design of Norman Foster, was added at the south end of the house in the 1970s for Sir Paul Hamlyn.
The house and its immediate neighbour were prominent modernist housing in a city still then largely untouched by Modern architecture. It 1970 it was listed Grade II* on the National Heritage List for England.
# Bernie Orenstein

Bernard Orenstein (born February 5, 1931) is a Canadian-American actor, television producer and screenwriter. He was the collaborator of Saul Turteltaub.
Born in Toronto, Ontario. Orenstein mostly produced and wrote for television programs with his writing partner, Saul Turteltaub, as his credits includes, That Girl, The New Dick Van Dyke Show, Kate & Allie, Sanford and Son (and its spin-offs Grady and Sanford Arms), What's Happening!!, and Love, American Style.$^{:8}$ He is currently a professor at Long Island University.$^{:187}$
# Cima del Serraglio

The Cima del Serraglio is a mountain of the Ortler Alps, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It lies between the lake of Livigno (Lombardy) and the Val Mora (Graubünden).
# 1551 Argelander

1551 Argelander, provisional designation 1938 DC$_1$, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 February 1938, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in southwest Finland. The likely S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 4.1 hours. It was named after German astronomer Friedrich Argelander.

## Orbit and classification

Argelander is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.2–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,353 days; semi-major axis of 2.39 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1930 BL at Heidelberg Observatory in January 1930, or 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at Turku.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander (1799–1875), author of the famous Bonner Durchmusterung and 19th-century head of the ancient observatory at Turku and Bonn (520). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 January 1964 (M.P.C. 2278). The lunar crater Argelander is also named after him.

## Physical characteristics

Argelander is an assumed S-type asteroid.

### Rotation period and poles

In August 2017, a rotational lightcurve of Argelander was obtained from photometric observations at the Chilean Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory using the SARA South Telescope. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.063±0.006 hours and a brightness variation of 0.48 magnitude (U=2+). In January 2012, astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory had also determined a period of 4.061±0.0023 with an amplitude of 0.41 magnitude (U=2).
A modeled lightcurve using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database was published in 2016. It gave a concurring period of 4.058350±0.000001 hours, as well as two spin axes at (3.0°, −81.0°) and (183.0°, −72.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Argelander measures between 9.2 and 11.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.19 and 0.30. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.60 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.45.
# Emil Andersson

Emil Andersson may refer to:
* Emil Andersson (sport shooter) (born 1979), Swedish running target shooter
* Emil Andersson (table tennis) (born 1993), Swedish table tennis player