OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-1229

German submarine U-1229 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

## Design

German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-1229 had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-1229 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 as well as two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

## Service history

U-1229 was ordered on 14 October 1941 from Deutsche Werft AG Weser in Hamburg-Finkenwerder under the yard number 392. Her keel was laid down on 2 March 1943 and was launched on 22 October 1943. About three months later she was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Arnim Zinke (Crew 31) in the 31st U-boat Flotilla on 13 January 1944.
After completing training and work-up for deployment, U-1229 was transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 August 1944. The U-boat left Kiel on 13 July 1944 for the first and only war patrol operating unsuccessfully against Allied shipping in the North Atlantic and off the coast of Canada. A special mission to infiltrate an Abwehr agent into the United States failed, when U-1229 was spotted south of Newfoundland by a Radar-equipped aircraft from USS Bogue and subsequently attacked by several more aircraft over a period of two hours. Having been heavily damaged in the initial air attack, U-1229 attempted to escape under water but was forced to surface again as poisonous fumes started to develop from the damaged battery sections. While the crew was abandoning ship, the U-boat was strafed by several aircraft resulting in the death of numerous crew members, including Zinke. In total 18 crew members died while 41 survivors were picked up by a US destroyer after seven hours in the water. One of the survivors was the experienced German intelligence agent Oskar Mantel.
# Creverina

Creverina is a frazione of Isola del Cantone in Italy in the province of Genoa in the Liguria region.
According to the 2011 assessment. In the settlement lived 30 inhabitants. The settlement is at Altitude of 312 m.
# Here's Your Christmas Album

Here's Your Christmas Album is a 1999 comedy album by comedian Bill Engvall. It contains original Christmas songs, some with vocals from Engvall and others by studio singers. It was re-released in 2005. The track "Here's Your Sign Christmas" previously appeared on Engvall's album Dorkfish in 1998.

## Critical reception

Chuck Donkers of AllMusic wrote, "Engvall has a knack for taking commonly accepted customs and turning them inside out, so that you can see their darker sides, that they can be irritating rather than cheerful."

## Track listing

* "Introduction" - 0:26
* "I'm Getting Sued by Santa Claus" (Bill Engvall, Craig Hawksley, Porter Howell) - 3:37
* "Christmas in the Country Holiday" (Engvall, Grau, Justin Peters, Connie Wolfe, Gayle Barnhill) - 3:19
* "Rudolph Got a DUI" (Engvall, P. Howell) - 2:57
* "The Christmas Sign" (Engvall, Grau, Peters) - 4:01
* "A Gift that She Doesn't Want" (Engvall, Grau, Peters) - 4:02
* "Gift Emergency" (Engvall, Grau, P. Howell, Carol Howell) - 3:28
* "Fruitcake Makes Me Puke" (Engvall, Hawksley, P. Howell) - 3:49
* "That's What Wrong with Christmas" (Engvall, Grau, P. Howell) - 4:52
* "Here's Your Sign Christmas" (Engvall, Grau) - 2:32
* "The Bike" (Engvall, Grau) - 3:02
* "Fruitcake Makes Me Puke (Rock Version)" (Engvall, Hawksley, P. Howell) - 3:44

## Personnel
### Technical

* Lisa Bradley - production assistance
* Bill Engvall - executive producer
* Ted Gainey - recording assistant
* Ray Gordon - photography
* Doug Grau - producer (all tracks), engineering
* Lee Groitzsch - recording
* Tim Hopkins - engineering
* Ken Love - mastering
* Gary Oleyar - engineering
* Toshiaki Kazai - recording assistant
* Garrett Rittenberry - graphic design
* Joey Turner - recording assistant
* Michael White - engineering
* J.P. Williams - producer (all tracks except "Here's Your Sign Christmas")
* Walt Wilkins - engineering
* Brian David Willis - recording, mixing

### Musicians

* Greg Barnhill - vocals
* Etta Britt - vocals
* Kelli Bruce - vocals
* Vickie Carrico - vocals
* Mike Chapman - bass guitar
* J.T. Corenflos - acoustic guitar, electric guitar, classical guitar
* Chad Cromwell - drums
* Dillon Dixon - vocals
* John Gardner - drums
* Tony Harrell - piano
* Wes Hightower - vocals
* Porter Howell - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Tim Lauer - piano, keyboard, Hammond B-3 organ
* Liana Manis - vocals
* Duncan Mullins - bass guitar
* Steve Nathan - piano, Hammond B-3 organ
* Gary Oleyar - fiddle
* Caryl Mack Parker - vocals
* Al Perkins - pedal steel guitar
* Alison Prestwood - bass guitar
* Milton Sledge - drums
* Frank Vincy - vocals
* Brian David Willis - percussion

## Chart performance

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 44 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Holiday Albums | 33 |
# Hatert

Hatert is a suburb in the south of Nijmegen, in the Netherlands. As of 2021 it has a population of 10.115.
It is situated between the centre of Nijmegen and the suburb of Dukenburg. It is renowned for its big shopping centre Hatert Centrum and the market every Wednesday attracts a lot of visitors from all over the town. It is a relatively new suburb having been created in the 20th century.
Hatert was built around a village with the same name. It is the biggest district in Nijmegen (based on population numbers).
SV Hatert is the local Hatert soccer club. Maas-Waalkanaal is the local canal that runs alongside Hatert.
# Eucylindromyia

Eucylindromyia is a subgenus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Cylindromyia gemma (Richter, 1972)
* Cylindromyia robusta (Loew, 1847)
* Cylindromyia theodori Kugler, 1974
* Cylindromyia vallicola Ziegler & Gilasian, 2014
# ELC English Language Center

ELC English Language Center is a privately operated group of boutique language schools that provide English language training in the United States. It operates through various language centers, in Los Angeles, Boston and Santa Barbara. ELC opened its first center in 1978. ELC has been accredited by ACCET (Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training). ELC Los Angeles, ELC Boston, and ELC Santa Barbara are all authorized by the US Department of Homeland Security to Issue SEVIS Form I-20. ELC is often used by international students to improve their English for gap year study, career transitions, or to prepare for study at a U.S. university. ELC has a proprietary curriculum, which has a structure that accommodates multi-level placement, and 12 levels of instruction. Certain locations also offer TOEFL, IELTS and Cambridge ESOL preparation and testing. ELC Los Angeles and ELC Boston are both authorized IELTS test centers. ELC is owned and operated in the United States.

## Programs

ELC programs include several intensive English programs including General English, Test Preparation, Academic Programs, and Business English Courses. ELC Programs also include a number of part-time programs including Summer Junior Programs, Winter Junior Programs, 50+ Programs, and English Plus Programs.

## Notable alumni

* Alex and PJ (YouTube Stars)
* Manuel Martin Cuenca (Film Director)
* Ana de Armas (Actress)
* Serkan Uysal (Basketball Player)
* Reiko Fujimoto (daughter of former Japanese Prime Minister)
* Yuriy Trogiyanov (professional boxer and kickboxing champion)
* Ximena Diaz (Socialite)

## Historical timeline

1970s and 1980s
* ELC English Language Center was founded as an English education institute in Los Angeles, in 1978.
1990s
* ELC English Language Center opens its second location In Boston, Massachusetts in 1990.
* ELC Boston teaches many of the Boston Bruins English.
* ELC opens its first residential summer program on campus at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1995
2000s
* ELC Harvard Square opens in a location above Harvard Square.
* ELC opens its second residential summer program at Suffolk University in downtown Boston, and its third residential summer program at UCSB in Goleta, CA.
2010s
* ELC opens its fourth summer residential program at MIT.
* ELC Santa Barbara opens on State Street.
* ELC hosts the IALC 2017 conference in Boston.
# Duke Hu

Duke Hu may refer to:
* Duke Hu of Chen (fl. 11th century BC)
* Duke Hu of Qi (fl. 9th century BC)
# George Hunt (British Army officer)

Captain George Hunt (1830 – February 26, 1882) is credited as the founder of Huntsville, Ontario, Canada in the region of Muskoka, where he settled in 1869.

## Biography

He was born in 1830 on the Isle of Corfu off the coast of Greece to British Army Officer Robert Hunt and his wife Margaret. In 1840, the Hunt family moved to Canada, settling in Montreal, Province of Canada.
In 1855 he was commissioned an Ensign, without purchase, in the 6th Foot.
In 1853, George married Sarah Selkirk, daughter of William and Allison Selkirk of Montreal. In 1856, George Hunt's cousin Elizabeth married George Selkirk. In 1869, both families traveled together to the unorganized township which was later to be known as Huntsville, Ontario.
Captain Hunt was a devout Presbyterian, and was known as a stern teetotaler. Captain Hunt took a prominent role in the first Presbyterian church built in 1873. He also opened the first school, retail store, postal outlet, and legal office.
Captain Hunt died in his fifty-second year from complications of pneumonia resulting from Typhoid fever on February 26, 1882. He is buried in the old Madill Church Cemetery just south of Huntsville.

## Development of Huntsville

On settling in the future Huntsville, Captain Hunt built a log cabin on what is now the north corner of Main and John Street, just east of the town swing bridge.
He supervised the incoming roadway and directed its course to create what is now the Main Street of Huntsville. He also supervised the extension of the northern highway beyond the town. His voice was instrumental in reversing a provincial government decision to route the northern railroad through either Parry Sound or Hoodstown, and sending it through Huntsville instead, thus securing the industrial expansion which followed and quickly grew the town's population and importance.
The railroad arrived in 1886, and the same year the village of Huntsville was incorporated, named after the late Captain Hunt.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "History and Heritage". Town of Huntsville. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
* ↑ George and Elizabeth's grandson George Selkirk played for the New York Yankees, and later became the General Manager of the Washington Senators.
* This biographical article related to the military of Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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* This biographical article related to the British Army is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Gerald F. Tape

Gerald F. Tape (1915 – November 20, 2005) was an American physicist.

## Education

He received his Ph.D. in nuclear physics in 1939 from the University of Michigan.

## Career

From 1939 to 1942 he was instructor of physics at Cornell University. During World War II (1942 - 1945) he worked at MIT Radiation Laboratory (nicknamed the Rad Lab). He was deputy director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory He was Atomic Energy Commission Commissioner : July 15, 1963 - April 30, 1969. He was then U.S. representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency 1973 - 1980. He retired in 1980.

## Awards

In 1986 he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering "For distinguished leadership in the national and international development and control of nuclear energy." In 1987 he received the Enrico Fermi Award "For a distinguished career in the administration, development, and advancement of U.S. and international atomic energy, as well as contributions to the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, with special recognition for his integrity."

## Books

* Attitudes : Past and Future - U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1966
* What Next for Nuclear Power - U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1968
# Crawford Findlay

Crawford Findlay was a Scottish rugby union player. He became an international rugby union referee. He later was the 53rd President of the Scottish Rugby Union.

## Rugby Union career
### Amateur career

Findlay was playing for West of Scotland but a knee injury in 1895 forced him to go to a specialist in London.

### Referee career

For the season 1895-96 Findlay started refereeing. He was refereeing in the Scottish Unofficial Championship. Reports state he gave 'every satisfaction' as a referee. He was still refereeing that league in 1898.
Findlay was nicknamed the 'Penalty King' as he frequently gave penalties for infringements that other referees would overlook.
When refereeing the England versus Wales match in 1904, after Findlay gave numerous penalties for scrum infringements, the Welsh scrum half, Swansea player Dicky Owen, gave the ball to the English scrum half to feed the scrum on Welsh put-ins.
Some Welsh felt that Findlay carried 'social prejudice' against them: Findlay had previously made a comment about the number of Welsh working men playing rugby union instead of rugby league. The Welsh centre Rhys Gabe said that Findlay told him that he was surprised that the Welsh picked the working class of miners, steelworkers and policemen and felt they should join the Northern Union instead.
On a particularly foggy day when it was difficult to see the posts, Findlay was refereeing the match between Oxford University and Cambridge University at the end of the 1907–08 season. The match was tied at the end of the game and the Scots centre K. G. MacLeod, playing for Cambridge, tried a last-gasp drop kick to win the match. Findlay could not see the posts or where the ball went. He asked MacLeod how his kick went. MacLeod replied 'No goal'. He felt the ball swerved just outside.

### Administrative career

When his brother Graham Findlay was promoted to President of West of Scotland in 1894, Crawford was then elected as secretary.
He was re-appointed secretary of the West of Scotland in 1898.
He moved to the board of London Scottish in 1931.
He was elected vice-president of the SRU in May 1931. Findlay was then elected President of the Scottish Rugby Union the following year in May 1932.
As SRU president he opened the Watsonians grandstand in 1933.

## Law career

Findlay went to the University of Glasgow where he got his MA in 1891 and studied law and received his LLD in 1894.
# Hasay

Hasay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* George Hasay (born 1948), American politician
* Jordan Hasay (born 1991), American middle-distance runner
# Ethmia ogovensis

Ethmia ogovensis is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in Africa.
# Eagle Township, Brown County, Ohio

Eagle Township is one of the sixteen townships of Brown County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,293 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the northeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Concord Township, Highland County - northeast
* Winchester Township, Adams County - east
* Jackson Township - south
* Franklin Township - southwest corner
* Washington Township - west
* Whiteoak Township, Highland County - northwest
No municipalities are located in Eagle Township.

## Name and history

Statewide, other Eagle Townships are located in Hancock and Vinton counties.
Eagle Township was established in 1817.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# George England and Co.

George England and Co. was an early English manufacturer of steam locomotives founded by the engineer George England of Newcastle upon Tyne (1811–1878). The company operated from the Hatcham Iron Works in New Cross, Surrey, and began building locomotives in 1848.
The company supplied one of the earliest tank locomotives to the contractors building the Newhaven, Sussex, branch line for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway and exhibited a design at The Great Exhibition in 1851. It also supplied locomotives to the Ffestiniog Railway, the Wantage Tramway, the Caledonian Railway, the London & Blackwall Railway, the Great Western Railway, the Somerset and Dorset Railway and the Victorian Railways amongst others.

## Locomotive types
### Festiniog Railway 0-4-0

The four locomotives supplied by England, in 1863/64, to the Festiniog Railway, were the first truly successful narrow gauge 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) engines built. Remarkably three of the four survive, much rebuilt, two still in full working order. The other, Princess, was for many years on display at Spooner's Bar in Porthmadog, although without its tender. It has since been restored cosmetically to a high standard, and has made appearances in London and elsewhere for publicity purposes.
Two more similar 0-4-0ST engines, to an improved design, were built in 1867, one of which, Welsh Pony, survives, and bought back to steam on the 27th of June 2020. Having undergone a careful and sympathetic restoration by the Ffestiniog Railway.

### Fairlie

In 1869, England built the famous Little Wonder, Fairlies Patent articulated locomotive, also for the Ffestiniog Railway. George England's daughter, Eliza Anne, had earlier eloped with Robert Francis Fairlie, the inventor of the Fairlie locomotive. On George England's early retirement in 1869, Fairlie took over the company, in partnership with England's son George England junior, renaming it the Fairlie Engine and Steam Carriage Company, but following the death of George England Jr., in July 1870, the works were sold.

### Victoria, Australia

* 2-2-2 - Victorian Railways No.1 (1857)
* 0-6-0 - Victorian Railways V class (1857)
* 2-4-0T - Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company 2-4-0T (1860)
* 2-4-0ST - Victorian Railways L class (1859)

## Preservation

* Wantage Tramway, Shannon, 0-4-0WT, preserved at Didcot Railway Centre
* Ffestiniog Railway, see: Ffestiniog Railway rolling stock
# Guild Wars 2: End of Dragons

Guild Wars 2: End of Dragons is the third expansion pack for Guild Wars 2, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by ArenaNet and published by NCSoft. It was released on Microsoft Windows on February 28, 2022, and was made available for pre-purchase on July 26, 2021.
The expansion introduces new features such as the game's first multiplayer mount: the siege turtle, a fully fledged fishing system, and a 'Jade Bot' companion, that can give the player access to additional perks. The expansion also gives players access to the southern continent of Cantha (first seen in the first game's Guild Wars Factions expansion). It also introduced four new strike missions (raid style encounters), with challenge modes.

## Storyline

After the events of 'The Icebrood Saga', Path of Fire's second season of Living world content, the dragon cycle that has sustained and blighted Tyria for ages is collapsing. Over two centuries ago, the Empire of the Dragon severed all bonds with central Tyria and Elona. Cantha has its own history of turmoil and triumph, reflected in ancient landmarks, enduring artistry, and modern life. The Jade Wind petrified everything it touched, devastating the southeastern coastal regions. A stone sea holds no food—but it's absorbed centuries of magic. Canthan innovators have long sought practical applications for the material now known as “dragonjade”, achieving solutions undreamed of elsewhere in the world. New innovations are on the horizon.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 83/100 |
It has a score of 83/100 on Metacritic. GameSpace said "A marvelous new frontier for Guild Wars 2. End of Dragons crashes into Cantha and expands Tyria with more than just a new sandbox. It delivers an astounding new adventure on a stupendous scale."
# Dermatocarpon tomentulosum

Dermatocarpon tomentulosum is a species of lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae. A rare species, it is known only to a few localities in North America—Missouri and Texas in the United States, and Cat Island and New Providence in the Bahamas.
# Hasayaz, Kalecik

Hasayaz is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kalecik, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 149 (2022).
# Frederick Maxwell

Frederick Maxwell (10 January 1849 – 15 January 1881) was a Scottish former international rugby union player who played for the Royal Engineers rugby union side. He was a Forward.

## Rugby union career
### Amateur career

Maxwell played rugby for the Royal Engineers.

### International career

He was capped once for Scotland. His sole international appearance came in the second international match in 1872 playing against England at The Oval, London.

## Cricket career

Maxwell also played cricket for the Royal Engineers in the period 1869 - 1875
# Euclidia ardita

Euclidia ardita is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from British Columbia south to California.
The wingspan is about 32 mm.
# INS Kalvari

INS Kalvari may refer to:
* INS Kalvari (S23), an Indian Navy submarine that was in service from 1967 to 1996
* INS Kalvari (S21), an Indian Navy submarine that is in service since 2017
# EFM

EFM may refer to:
* E FM, a radio channel in Sri Lanka
* Canon EF-M lens mount
* Canon EF-M camera
* Edinburgh Dragon Trust, a British investment trust
* Education for Ministry, an American Christian educational program
* EFM Academy, now part of SCOPE Maastricht, a study association in the Netherlands
* EFM Records, an American record label
* Eight-to-fourteen modulation
* Electronic fetal monitoring
* Electrostatic force microscope
* Enterprise feedback management
* Environmental Fluid Mechanics, a scholarly journal
* Ethernet in the first mile
* European Film Market, a film market held during the Berlin International Film Festival
* The FM extended band in Brazil, abbreviated eFM