OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Echelon formation

An echelon formation (/ˈɛʃəlɒn, ˈeɪʃlɒ̃/) is a (usually military) formation in which its units are arranged diagonally. Each unit is stationed behind and to the right (a "right echelon"), or behind and to the left ("left echelon"), of the unit ahead. The name of the formation comes from the French word échelon, meaning a rung of a ladder, which describes the shape that this formation has when viewed from above or below.

## Military formation

Use of the formation dates back to ancient infantry and cavalry warfare, as an alternative to column, line-abreast, or phalanx (box) formations. One of its earliest uses was at the Battle of Leuctra, when the Thebans attacked the Spartan right with a column 48 men deep while their weaker center and right were repelled. The echelon formation may have been used by Hannibal at the Battle of Cannae, Alexander the Great at the Battle of Gaugamela, Frederick II of Prussia, and the Confederate army at the Battle of Gettysburg.
The tactic still persists and is regularly employed by all branches of the modern armed forces. Tactically, echelon formations are used because of the excellent range of vision offered to each participant in the formation. In particular, it is commonly employed by armored cavalry because of the large, overlapping fields of fire that it gives to each tank in the formation, and by combat aircraft, allowing them to communicate visually and maneuver as a single unit.
"Echeloning" is the name of a tactic in use by the United Kingdom's armed forces, mainly the infantry. It consists of using a company to attack a set of positions. Once the first platoon in the company has reached its limit of advance (ammunition has been expended, fatigue has become high, or casualties are mounting) another platoon "echelons through" it to continue onto the next position. The tactic is similar to leapfrogging.
Echelon formations are also commonly used by civic or riot police to move crowds either to the left or right. En echelon is also used for a type of arrangement of gun turrets on ships: see Glossary of nautical terms § E.

## Derived meanings

The name has been adopted by the birdwatching community to describe the familiar V-shaped formations of flights of geese, ducks and other migratory birds, though this more symmetric formation is more strictly defined as a V formation.
In geology, en echelon describes an arrangement where a set of short linear features overlap or are staggered in a line that runs obliquely to the strike of the individual features. Echelon faults and en echelon veins are examples.
In sheet material response to shear stress it is typical for a series of echelon cracks to form. This is commonly seen in asphalt roads subject to shear stress imposed by aseismic fault creep.
In mathematics, the term row echelon form refers to a kind of matrix where the non-zero elements are shaped in an echelon-like manner.
In road bicycle racing, an echelon formation is a diagonal line of racers, which allows cooperative drafting in crosswinds.
# Circaseptan

A circaseptan rhythm is a cycle consisting of approximately 7 days in which many biological processes of life, such as cellular immune system activity, resolve.
# Emmi

Emmi may refer to:

## People

* Emmi (Australian singer), singer-songwriter and voice of Blind Pig
* Emmi (Finnish singer), a Finnish singer-songwriter
* Emmi Buttykay (1911–1957), a Hungarian actress
* Emmi Dölling (1906–1990), a Czechoslovak/German political activist and journalist
* Emmi Mäkelin (1874–1962), Finnish midwife and politician
* Emmi Welter (1887–1971), German politician

## Institutions

* Emmi AG, Swiss-based milk processor company
* EMMI, European Money markets Institute, is in charge to publish the Euribor daily reference rate
* EMMIs, enemies in the 2021 video game Metroid Dread

## Abbreviations

* Cyrix EMMI, Extended Multi-Media Instructions, an MMX extension
# Drosera dielsiana

Drosera dielsiana is a compact rosetted sundew native to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, the Free State, the Northern Provinces), Eswatini (Swaziland), Mozambique, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. It was described as a new species by Arthur Wallis Exell and Jack Rodney Laundon in 1956. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=40. It was named in honor of Ludwig Diels, the author of the 1906 monograph on the Droseraceae.
# Chen Xing

Chen Xing may refer to:
* Chen Xing (hydrologist) (1921–2009), Chinese hydrologist
* Mike Chen (Chen Xing, born 1980 or 1981), Chinese-born American YouTuber
* Chen Xing (footballer, born 1983), Chinese footballer
* Chen Xing (footballer, born 2000), Chinese footballer
# English Hills

The English Hills are a low mountain range in Solano County, California.
The range runs along the southwestern edge of the Sacramento Valley. Vacaville is at their southern end.
# Echem

Echem is a municipality in the district of Lüneburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Echem has an area of 10.72 km² and a population of 1,021 (as of December 31, 2007).
# Falun Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

Falun Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 226 at the 2000 census.
Falun Township was named after Falun, in Sweden.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.6 square miles (92 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 226 people, 96 households, and 67 families residing in the township. The population density was 6.4 people per square mile (2.5/km$^2$). There were 108 housing units at an average density of 3.0/sq mi (1.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.
There were 96 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.82.
In the township the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $34,444, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $29,000 versus $22,679 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,702. About 3.8% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over.
# Cirque stairway

A cirque stairway or sequence of cirque steps is a stepped succession of glacially eroded rock basins. Their individual formation is that of a cirque.
These steps are arranged one above and behind the other at different heights in the terrain and caused by the same morphodynamic processes, albeit resulting in different landform shapes depending on the type of rock and the depositional circumstances involved. The lower step often lacks the steep headwalls typical of cirques.
A well-known example is the Zastler Loch below the summit of the Feldberg, the highest mountain of the Black Forest in Germany.
# Common Land Unit

A Common Land Unit (CLU) is the smallest unit of land that has a permanent, contiguous boundary, a common land cover and land management, a common owner and a common producer in agricultural land associated with USDA farm programs. CLU boundaries are delineated from relatively permanent features such as fence lines, roads, and/or waterways.
# Druryia

Druryia is a subgenus within the genus Papilio containing 36 species:
* Papilio andronicus Ward, 1871
* Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782
* Papilio arnoldiana Vane-Wright, 1995
* Papilio charopus Westwood, 1843
* Papilio chitondensis Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966
* Papilio chrapkowskii Süffert, 1904
* Papilio chrapkowskoides Storace, 1952
* Papilio cynorta Fabricius, 1793
* Papilio cyproeofila Butler, 1868
* Papilio desmondi Van Someren, 1939
* Papilio echerioides Trimen, 1868
* Papilio epiphorbas Boisduval, 1833
* Papilio fernandus Fruhstorfer, 1903
* Papilio filaprae Süffert, 1904
* Papilio fuelleborni Karsch, 1900
* Papilio gallienus Distant, 1879
* Papilio hornimani Distant, 1879
* Papilio interjectana Vane-Wright, 1995
* Papilio jacksoni Sharpe, 1891
* Papilio mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891
* Papilio maesseni Berger, 1974
* Papilio manlius Fabricius, 1798
* Papilio mechowi Dewitz, 1881
* Papilio mechowianus Dewitz, 1885
* Papilio microps Storace, 1952 *
* Papilio nerminae Koçak, 1983
* Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758
* Papilio oribazus Boisduval, 1836
* Papilio phorbanta Linnaeus, 1771
* Papilio plagiatus Aurivillius, 1898
* Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886
* Papilio sosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
* Papilio thuraui Karsch, 1900
* Papilio ufipa Carcasson, 1961
* Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, 1864
* Papilio zenobia Fabricius, 1775
# Blériot 115

The Blériot Bl-115 was a French biplane airliner of the 1920s, best remembered for the part it played in the French exploration of Africa. For its day, it was a large aircraft, mounting one pair of engines on the upper wing and one pair on the lower. First flying on 9 May 1923, the prototype crashed on 23 June, killing its pilot, Jean Casale.
A refined version of the aircraft, the 115-bis was flown in June 1924.

## Operational; history

The third and fourth machines built (christened Roland Garros and Jean Casale) were used in Colonel de Goÿs' attempts to create air routes to Africa. Commanded by Jean Dagnaux, the aviators departed France on 18 January 1925, they arrived in Colomb-Béchar in Algeria, on 28 January. The expedition ended in disaster on 7 February 1925 in Niamey, Niger when the Jean Casale crashed on take-off, killing its radio operator and seriously injuring its two pilots, including Dagnaux. They had covered 4,137 km (2,571 mi).

## Variants
### Blériot Bl-115

    Four-engined airliner, powered by 4x 180 hp (130 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8Ac engines.

### Blériot Bl-115bis

    Improved version of the Blériot Bl-115, powered by 4x 180 hp (130 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8Ab engines.

### Bleriot Bl-103

    Projected bomber version. Not built.

## Specifications (Bl-115)

Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1924, Aviafrance:Bl-115
General characteristics
* Crew: 3
* Capacity: 8 pax
* Length: 14.45 m (47 ft 5 in)
* Wingspan: 25 m (82 ft 0 in)
* Height: 4.96 m (16 ft 3 in)
* Wing area: 126 m$^2$ (1,360 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 2,950 kg (6,504 lb)
* Gross weight: 4,900 kg (10,803 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 800 kg (1,800 lb) fuel and oil
* Powerplant: 4 × Hispano-Suiza 8Ac V-8 water-cooled piston engine, 130 kW (180 hp) each
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 180 km/h (110 mph, 97 kn) at sea level
* Range: 600 km (370 mi, 320 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
* Wing loading: 39 kg/m$^2$ (8.0 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.1088 kW/kg (0.0662 hp/lb)
# Endebess Constituency

Endebess is a constituency in Kenya. It is one of five constituencies in Trans-Nzoia County. It was established/created for the 2013 general election, and it was carved out of the larger Kwanza constituency. Robert Pukose was elected as its inaugural member of parliament, and was re-elected for the subsequent terms in the 2017 Kenyan general election and the 2022 Kenyan general election .

## Members of Parliament

| Elections | MP | Party | Notes |
| 2013 | Robert Pukose | URP | This was the first election held under the new constitution of Kenya (2010). Uhuru Kenyatta was elected as the fourth president of the Republic of Kenya. Endebess constituency was curved out of the larger Kwanza Constituency, Pukose defeated his closest rival, Joseph Mtoto. |
| 2017 | Robert Pukose | JP | |
| 2022 | Robert Pukose | UDA | William Ruto was elected as the fifth president of the Republic of Kenya on this general election. |

## County Assembly Wards

| Ward | Registered Voters |
| Chepchoina | 15,679 |
| Endebess | 13,846 |
| Matumbei | 13,664 |
| Total | 43,189 |
| *September 2022 ||
# England Away

England Away is the third novel by John King, first published by Jonathan Cape in 1998 and subsequently by Vintage. The final part of The Football Factory Trilogy, it follows characters from The Football Factory and Headhunters as they come together and head into Europe for an England football match against Germany in Berlin.
Tommy Johnson narrates the trip to Berlin via Amsterdam, while back in London, pensioner Bill Farrell remembers a similar route he took as a soldier during the Second World War, dealing with some horrific memories and a tragic killing in the process. Farrell and Johnson are forced to confront their demons, albeit with very different results. Both these characters represent the core of King's debut, The Football Factory, which was made into a film in 2004. Directed by Nick Love, it featured Danny Dyer as Tommy Johnson, while Dudley Sutton played Bill Farrell.
In an interview with writer Jay Slayton-Joslin, King said of England Away: "We are all the result of those who went before us, and I'm interested in this continuation and the expansion of our culture". The novel draws on the Second World War and its aftermath, while considering the relationship between Britain and the EU, a subject King focuses on in The Liberal Politics of Adolf Hitler (2016).
In his review for the Morning Star, Chris Searle wrote: "The words of Wilfred Owen come pounding through the prose: 'I was the enemy you killed, my friend.' The literature is in the sordid truth and crude, raucous, mob-like poetry of King's lifesaving and lifewasting that bursts from his pages, confronting the reader with questions of culture, nationalism, violence and class that are not easily put aside."
# Ectoedemia aligera

Ectoedemia aligera is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Puplesis in 1985. It is known from the Russian Far East.
# Boys in Black

Boys in Black were a five-piece vocal group which included three brothers Ben, Bob and Paul Bob. Their cover version of Bee Gees' song, "More Than a Woman" (1993), reached the top 50 on both New Zealand and Australian singles charts. All members had a Polynesian background. They performed the track on Australian TV's The Midday Show in April 1993. Their final single, "It's Alright", appeared in 1998.

## Members

* Bob Bob – vocals
* Ben Bob – vocals
* Paul Bob – vocals
* Jason Williams – vocals
* DJ Sunny – vocals
* Joseph Faaoloii – vocals (replaced Sunny)

## Discography
### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Year | NZ | AUS |
| "More Than a Woman" | 1993 | 43 | 39 |
| "The Best Thing" | 1993 | — | — |
| "How Ya Doin'" | 1996 | — | — |
| "It's Alright" | 1998 | — | — |
# Common Law Wife

"Common Law Wife" is a song written by George Clinton and performed by the funk band Parliament. Recorded in 1972, it was released as a bonus track on the 2003 reissue of the album Chocolate City. The song's lyrics discuss a relationship recognised by the state but not officiated by a religious order.
The context of the album is discussion of life and politics in Washington D.C., United States.
"Common Law Wife" was also recorded by a female artist named Flo. Her version is featured on the George Clinton Family Series CD Plush Funk, which was released in 1992.
# Chauncy Maples

Chauncy Maples (1852 – 2 September 1895) was a British clergyman and Anglican missionary who became Bishop of Likoma, with a diocese in East Africa.

## Early life

Born at Bound's Green in 1852, he was the son of Frederick Maples, a solicitor, and his wife Charlotte Elizabeth Chauncy. He was educated at Eagle House School and Charterhouse School. Coached by James Bowling Mozley, he entered the University of Oxford at the second attempt.
Maples matriculated in 1871 at University College, Oxford. In early 1874, suffering some poor health, he dropped out of his course for a time, and read with William Wolfe Capes at Liphook. In 1874 also, he encountered Edward Steere; he associated with Steere in late 1874 and early 1875, and became interested the Universities' Mission to Central Africa (UMCA). He graduated B.A. in 1875, and M.A. in 1879.
After graduation he worked in Liverpool with John Eyre. He was ordained deacon, and had a curacy at St Mary Magdalen's Church, Oxford.

## African missionary

In 1876 Maples sailed for Zanzibar for UCMA. He was ordained priest by Steere at Kiungani in September of that year. There he set up clinics and schools for formerly enslaved people. In 1877 he was transferred to Masasi, on the African mainland.
The Masasi mission did not thrive under Maples. Steere promoted Charles Janson over him in 1881, after a sex scandal involving a woman in Maples' household. In a complex local situation, Maples supported Matola I of the Yao people, who was on good terms with the Anglican missionaries. In 1882 Steere died on Zanzibar, and Janson died on an inland mission with William Percival Johnson to reach the east side of Lake Nyasa. The Masasi mission was destroyed by a raid that year, by Ngoni people.
Maples moved east to Newala. Charles Smythies in 1886 transferred Maples to the Anglican mission on Likoma Island, as Archdeacon of Nyasa.

## Bishopric and death

In 1895 Maples received recognition, as missionary and promoter of the UMCA. He was consecrated as Bishop of Likoma, in St Paul's Cathedral, on 29 June 1895. His predecessor Wilfrid Hornby was by title Bishop of Nyasaland. On his return journey, his boat capsized on Lake Nyasa during a storm on 2 September; Maples and the lay missionary Joseph Williams were drowned. The 18 African men and boys aboard swam safely ashore, but Maples was pulled down by the weight of his cassock.

## Legacy

In recognition of his role in East Africa, in 1901 the ship SS Chauncy Maples, the first steamship on Lake Nyasa (now Lake Malawi), was named after Maples. The ship continues to serve as a floating hospital.
# Drillia idalinae

Drillia idalinae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 20 mm and 35 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the demersal zone of the Atlantic Ocean off Gabon and São Tomé and Principe.
# Blériot 118

The Blériot 118 was a 1920s French amphibian flying-boat fighter designed by Léon Kirste, only one was built and it was not ordered into production.

## Design and development

The 118 was developed by Kirste from his earlier Blériot 101 project to meet a French naval requirement for a two-seat fighter. The 118 was an amphibian flying-boat powered by two Hispano-Suiza 8Ab piston engines. First flown on 23 January 1925 it was tested by the Navy in competition with other designs but was rejected for being unstable in flight.

## Specifications

Data from The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 8.81 m (28 ft 10.75 in)
* Wingspan: 12.90 m (42 ft 3.75 in)
* Height: 2.80 m (9 ft 2.25 in)
* Gross weight: 1,740 kg (3,836 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Hispano-Suiza 8Ab inline piston engine , 134 kW (180 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 200 km/h (124 mph, 108 kn)
Armament
* Proposed - two fixed forward firing 7.7mm (0.303in) machine-guns
* Proposed - two ring-mounted 7.7mm (0.303in) machine-guns on rear-cockpit
# Endeavour recycled clothing

The Endeavour Recycled Clothing Thrift Store (trading as ERC) is a chain of thrift stores in Australia and is operated by the Endeavour Foundation. There are currently 26 stores in Queensland and New South Wales. The proceeds from the stores sales go towards supporting the work of the Endeavour Foundation.
# Epidermolytic acanthoma

Epidermolytic acanthomas are a cutaneous condition characterized by discrete keratotic papules in adults.
Epidermolytic acanthomas may exist in groups or as solitary lesions. They range in size from 1-2 mm. They usually affect the trunk, extremities, scrotum, or vulva. They are sometimes itchy.
The cause of epidermolytic acanthoma is unknown.
Epidermolytic acanthoma is diagnosed based on clinical and histological signs. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is the main characteristic of epidermolytic acanthoma.
Treatment isn't needed.

## Signs and symptoms

Epidermolytic acanthoma manifests clinically as tiny, fleshy or white papules that range in size from 1 to 2 mm. They may exist alone or in groups. They often affect the trunk, extremities, or scrotum and vulva. Although they can be itchy, they are frequently asymptomatic, and the chronic type can result in lichenification.

## Causes

The exact cause of the lesion is unknown. There have been suggestions that epidermolytic acanthoma could represent a localized form of generalized hereditary epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. While some have searched for a connection between HPV and epidermolytic acanthoma, they have not consistently found one. Epidermolytic acanthoma typically affects people who have never had an STD and who have never engaged in unsafe sexual conduct. There has also been weak evidence to support the suggestions of trauma or continuous scratching. Some expressed the belief that immunosuppression.

## Diagnosis

The distinctive histologic findings in the appropriate clinical situation are necessary for an accurate diagnosis of epidermolytic acanthoma.
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis on over 50% of the epidermolytic acanthoma surface is the main histologic characteristic of the condition. Keratinocytes with coarse keratohyalin granules, reticular degeneration, perinuclear vacuolation, and perinuclear eosinophilic inclusions in the granular and spinous layers are characteristics of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.

## Treatment

There is no need for treatment, but if the patient feels embarrassed, there are a number of different therapies that can be performed, with varying degrees of success, such as cryotherapy, topical immune system modulators, or surgical excision.
# Ectemnius sonorensis

Ectemnius sonorensis is a species of square-headed wasp in the family Crabronidae. It is found in Central America.
# Bourgeois Fjord

Bourgeois Fjord is an inlet, 30 miles (50 km) long in a northeast–southwest direction and 3 to 5 miles (5 to 8 km) wide, lying between the east sides of Pourquoi Pas Island and Blaiklock Island and the west coast of Graham Land. It separates Loubet Coast to the north from Fallières Coast to the south. The fjord was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for Colonel Joseph E. Bourgeois, Director of the Geographic Service of the French Army. The outline of this inlet was more accurately delineated in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill.

## Map

* British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 67 66. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
# Cistus lasianthus

Cistus lasianthus, the Lisbon false sun-rose or woolly rock rose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae, native to the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal, western Spain and southwestern France) and Northwest Africa (Morocco). It is a spreading evergreen shrub growing to 1 m (3 ft) tall by 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, with grey-green leaves and bright yellow flowers in spring. The flowers may have a maroon blotch at the base of each petal.
In cultivation this plant requires a sandy soil and full sun.
# Columbia Pike

Columbia Pike may refer to:
* Columbia Pike (Maryland), U.S. Route 29 from White Oak to Ellicott City
* Columbia Pike (Virginia), State Route 244 in Fairfax and Arlington Counties