OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ermonela Jaho

Ermonela Jaho (born July 18, 1974) is an Albanian operatic soprano. She was described in The Economist as "the world’s most acclaimed soprano". The Financial Times said "Ermonela Jaho throws heart and soul into her singing... Don't even try to resist".
The Guardian has described her as "one of the great verismo interpreters". and on another article "Ermonela Jaho triumphs in Madama Butterfly".

## Education

Jaho began studying singing at the age of six. After completing her studies at the Liceu Artistik "Jordan Misja" in Tirana in 1992, she entered the Academy of Fine Arts in Tirana where she studied for one year. After winning a competition organized by the Italian soprano Katia Ricciarelli in Albania, she moved to Italy in 1993 where she studied for one year at the Academy of Mantova. After completing her studies she joined the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome, where she studied singing and piano for five years. She has also studied with mezzo-soprano Catherine Green, wife of Alan Green, Jaho's manager.

## Career

She has won many international competitions including the Giacomo Puccini competition in Milan, Italy 1997, Spontini International Competition in Ancona, Italy 1998, Zandonai in Rovereto, Italy 1999, and The Best Singer at the Wexford Festival, 2000. She has performed in opera houses worldwide including the Royal Opera in London, the Metropolitan Opera, Teatro Real Madrid, the Berlin Staatsoper, Opera National de Paris, Theatre des Champs-Élysées, Staatsoper Vienna, Bayerische Staatsoper, Opera Australia, Teatro Colón Buenos Aires, Gran Teatre del Liceu Barcelona, Teatro alla Scala, Teatro San Carlo Naples, Theatro Municipal de Sae Paulo, Opera Company of Philadelphia, Opéra de Marseille, Arena di Verona, etc. Her repertoire ranges from Violetta in La traviata, Maria Stuarda, Madame Butterfly, Manon, Mireille, Amina in La sonnambula, Mimi in La bohème, Michaela in Carmen, Giulietta in I Capuleti e i Montecchi, Angelica in Suor Angelica, Anna Bolena, etc.
In 2016 she won the Readers' award (public's award) at International Opera Awards in London.
# Hvide Sande

Hvide Sande (lit: White Sands) is a small town in the middle of the Holmsland Dunes and placed around the artificial canal which connects Ringkøbing Fjord to the North Sea, in the western part of Central Denmark Region, formerly (until 1 January 2007) Ringkjøbing County, Denmark. The town has a population of 2,824 (1 January 2024) and is the fifth largest fishing port in Denmark.

## Geography

The town has, despite its size and placement on the absolute outskirts of Denmark, developed into a very active center for various businesses, first and foremost tourism, fishery, shipyards and more, as well as a harbour for offshore supply boats and services.

## Tourism

Tourism is a major contributor to the local economy. Especially German, Danish, Scandinavian and Dutch tourists visit the town and the Holmsland Dunes. They come to the area first and foremost for the quiet and peace along with the possibility to perform a number of outdoor activities in a climate suitable for an active outdoor life. Biking, fishing, wandering and various boardsports are available from a number of vendors.
The town's biggest employer is Hvide Sande Shipyard, Steel and Service (former Hvide Sande Skibs- & Baadebyggeri) where they build special purpose vessels, crew transfer vessels for the offshore sector and ferries. Vestvaerftet is another shipyard whose specialty is the building of all kinds of fishing vessels.
In 2013 the port of Hvide Sande took a big step towards becoming a supply and support harbour for the offshore industry in the North Sea when the new 800 m long pier south of the harbour was finished thus making it possible for much larger ships to enter the port. In 2016 a new quay was finished in the south part of the outer harbour to accommodate an increased demand from both offshore vessels and freight ships.
As of July 2016, MHI Vestas Offshore Wind chose the port of Hvide Sande as commissioning harbour for the operation of erecting wind turbines at the Horns rev 3 site 33 km south west of Hvide Sande. MHI Vestas will establish offices for up to 40 persons at the harbour in Hvide Sande.

## Notable people

* Henrik Have (1946 — 2014 in Hvide Sande) a Danish author and artist
# Doten

Doten is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Doten (1829–1903), American journalist and diarist
* Edward Doten (c. 1599–1655), English passenger on the 1620 voyage of the Mayflower
* Mark Doten, American novelist and librettist
* Stuart van Doten (born 1989), Dutch former footballer
# Houldsworth v Bridge Trustees Ltd

Houldsworth v Bridge Trustees Ltd [2011] UKSC 42 is a UK pensions and UK labour law case concerning the difference between a final salary and a money purchase pension scheme. It matters because final salary schemes fall under the minimum funding requirements, whereas money purchase schemes do not.

## Facts

Bridge Trustees operated a final salary occupational pension since 1971. In 1983, the final salary benefits were reduced, as were contributions, but members could make further contributions and receive more under a "voluntary investment planning" scheme. In 1992, a new "MoneyMatch" plan allowed members to convert their final salary benefits and their contributions would be matched by the employer. Before 6 April 1997, the scheme was contracted out of the state earnings related pension scheme, as there was a guaranteed minimum pension paid out of the MoneyMatch plan. In 2003, the employer went insolvent, the scheme would up and there were pension deficits. The trustee asked the court whether the scheme was "money purchase" under the Pensions Act 1995 section 73. This counts the outstanding money as a debt due from the employer, unless it is a money purchase scheme.
The judge held that the scheme was money purchase, despite the MoneyMatch contributions, the employers matching credits being put into the guaranteed interest fund, and the capital value of a member's interest being internally converted to an annuity. The Court of Appeal upheld the judge's conclusions.

## Judgment

Lord Walker held that the Pension Schemes Act 1993 section 181 did not define money purchase benefits as ones calculated only by reference to payments made by the member. Assets and liabilities did not need to be in equilibrium as a part of the money purchase scheme definition. But in all insured schemes and self-administered schemes, the assumption was usually justified. It followed that the guaranteed interest fund did not disconnect a member's eventual benefits from contributions, and take it out of the definition under section 181. Providing internal annuities, as opposed to buying them from a life office was compatible with the meaning of a money purchase scheme. So, the VIP and MoneyMatch plans were money purchase benefits. The reference in regulation 13(1)(ii) of the Occupational Pension Schemes (Winding Up) Regulations 1996 to “the assets by reference to which the rate or amount of those benefits is calculated” showed Parliament contemplated that money purchase benefits would normally be adequately funded but not over-funded, and money or assets to be withdrawn from the unappropriated fund for the purposes of section 73 of the 1995 Act should be of an amount or value equal to the money purchase benefits calculated by the guaranteed interest fund mechanism, less appropriate deductions for elements which under regulation 13(2)(a) are not “relevant money purchase benefits”, but take first priority under section 73 of the 1995 Act.
Baroness Hale, Lord Clarke and Lord Collins concurred. Lord Mance dissented.
# Generalized Appell polynomials

In mathematics, a polynomial sequence $\{p_{n}(z)\}$ has a generalized Appell representation if the generating function for the polynomials takes on a certain form:
    $K(z,w)=A(w)\Psi (zg(w))=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }p_{n}(z)w^{n}$
where the generating function or kernel $K(z,w)$ is composed of the series
    $A(w)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}w^{n}\quad$ with $a_{0}\neq 0$
and
    $\Psi (t)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\Psi _{n}t^{n}\quad$ and all $\Psi _{n}\neq 0$
and
    $g(w)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }g_{n}w^{n}\quad$ with $g_{1}\neq 0.$
Given the above, it is not hard to show that $p_{n}(z)$ is a polynomial of degree $n$.
Boas–Buck polynomials are a slightly more general class of polynomials.

## Special cases

* The choice of $g(w)=w$ gives the class of Brenke polynomials.
* The choice of $\Psi (t)=e^{t}$ results in the Sheffer sequence of polynomials, which include the general difference polynomials, such as the Newton polynomials.
* The combined choice of $g(w)=w$ and $\Psi (t)=e^{t}$ gives the Appell sequence of polynomials.

## Explicit representation

The generalized Appell polynomials have the explicit representation
    $p_{n}(z)=\sum _{k=0}^{n}z^{k}\Psi _{k}h_{k}.$
The constant is
    $h_{k}=\sum _{P}a_{j_{0}}g_{j_{1}}g_{j_{2}}\cdots g_{j_{k}}$
where this sum extends over all compositions of $n$ into $k+1$ parts; that is, the sum extends over all $\{j\}$ such that
    $j_{0}+j_{1}+\cdots +j_{k}=n.\,$
For the Appell polynomials, this becomes the formula
    $p_{n}(z)=\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {a_{n-k}z^{k}}{k!}}.$

## Recursion relation

Equivalently, a necessary and sufficient condition that the kernel $K(z,w)$ can be written as $A(w)\Psi (zg(w))$ with $g_{1}=1$ is that
    ${\frac {\partial K(z,w)}{\partial w}}=c(w)K(z,w)+{\frac {zb(w)}{w}}{\frac {\partial K(z,w)}{\partial z}}$
where $b(w)$ and $c(w)$ have the power series
    $b(w)={\frac {w}{g(w)}}{\frac {d}{dw}}g(w)=1+\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }b_{n}w^{n}$
and
    $c(w)={\frac {1}{A(w)}}{\frac {d}{dw}}A(w)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }c_{n}w^{n}.$
Substituting
    $K(z,w)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }p_{n}(z)w^{n}$
immediately gives the recursion relation
    $z^{n+1}{\frac {d}{dz}}\left[{\frac {p_{n}(z)}{z^{n}}}\right]=-\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}c_{n-k-1}p_{k}(z)-z\sum _{k=1}^{n-1}b_{n-k}{\frac {d}{dz}}p_{k}(z).$
For the special case of the Brenke polynomials, one has $g(w)=w$ and thus all of the $b_{n}=0$, simplifying the recursion relation significantly.
# Coppinger's Court

Coppingers Court is a ruined four-storey fortified house dating from 1616, situated on private property approximately 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) from the sea. It was built by Sir Walter Coppinger and located in Ballyvireen valley, west of Rosscarbery in County Cork, Ireland. The house has a rectangular centre flanked by two wings on the east and west, resulting in a total of 9 gables.

## History

Sir Walter acquired the valley and surrounding lands from the previous owner, Fineen O'Driscoll, by foreclosing on a mortgage after advancing him a sum of money. The house was originally known as "Ballyverine Castle", and Sir Walter's original plans included transforming the immediate area into a market town, with the nearby Rowry river converted to a canal in order to navigate from nearby Milcove to his new town. Sir Walter died in 1639 and is buried in Christ Church, Cork. His surviving plans came to an end when the house was attacked during the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and badly damaged by fire. Despite having a number of sons, Sir Walter's brother, Dominic, took possession of his property. It was never restored and fell into ruins over the following years. It was purchased by Thomas Beecher in 1698, and later held by Henry Beecher. It is not mentioned in Griffith's Valuation in the mid-nineteenth century, when the surrounding land was leased by the Carbery estate.

## Description

Coppinger's Court is built in the Elizabethan style, as was fashionable in Ireland in the 17th century. Older style fortified towers and castles gave way to more comfortable, warmer and better-lit fortified houses with innovations such as wooden stairs, better lighting and more rooms. After the rebellion in 1641 when a number of these newer style houses were burned and destroyed, their popularity waned. At the time, Coppinger Court was said to be one of the finest examples of fortified house in its day, and was said to have "a chimney for every month, a door for every week and a window for every day of the year".
# Helium star

A helium star is a class O or B star (blue), which has extraordinarily strong helium lines and weaker than normal hydrogen lines, indicating strong stellar winds and a mass loss of the outer envelope. Extreme helium stars (EHe) entirely lack hydrogen in their spectra. Pure helium stars lie on or near a helium main sequence, analogous to the main sequence formed by the more common hydrogen stars.

## Terminology

Previously, a helium star was a synonym for a B-type star, but this use of for the term is considered obsolete.
A helium star is also a term for a hypothetical star that could occur if two helium white dwarfs with a combined mass of at least 0.5 solar masses merge and subsequently start nuclear fusion of helium, with a lifetime of a few hundred million years. This may only happen if these two binary masses share the same type of envelope phase. It is believed this is the origin of the extreme helium stars.

## Description

The helium main sequence is a line in the HR diagram where unevolved helium stars lie. It lies mostly parallel and to the left (i.e. higher temperatures) of the better-known hydrogen main sequence, although at high masses and luminosities it bends to the right and even crosses the hydrogen main sequence. Therefore, pure helium stars have a maximum temperature, between about 100,000 K and 150,000 K depending on metallicity, because high luminosity causes dramatic inflation of the stellar envelope.
Helium stars' great capability of transforming into other stellar objects has been observed over recent years since they were first identified. The blue progenitor system of the supernova type Iax SN 2012Z in the spiral galaxy NGC 1309 is similar to the progenitor of the Galactic helium nova V445 Puppis, suggesting that SN 2012Z was the explosion of a white dwarf accreting from a helium-star companion. It is observed to have caused a growing helium star that has the potential to transform into a red giant after losing its hydrogen envelope in the future.
# Harald Fuchs

Harald Fuchs (born April 15, 1951) is a Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Münster, Germany, Scientific Director of the Center of Nanotechnology (CeNTech) in Münster, and co-director of the Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) in Karlsruhe. His research focuses on nanoscale science and nanotechnology, ranging from scanning probe microscopy to self organized nanostructure fabrication, and nano–bio systems. He has published more than 450 scientific articles in various journals as an author or co-author. He was awarded the Philip Morris Research Prize "Challenge Future" in 1994 and the Münsterland Innovation Prize in 2001. He is currently member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina, the German "National Academy of Science and Engineering" (acatech) as well as "The world academy of sciences" (TWAS). He holds two guest professorships in China. He is a cofounder of several nanotechnology companies and a member of the Editorial Boards in several international journals. In 2015 he received an Honorary Professorship at the Nanjing-Tech-University, China.

## Publications

* H. Fuchs, Rastersondenmikroskopie Bergmann-Schaefer, Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik, Band 3: "Optik", 10. Aufl., S. 1133–1159, ISBN 3-11-017081-7, de Gruyter Verlag (2004)
* H. Fuchs, H. Hölscher, A. Schirmeisen, Scanning Probe Microscopy, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, S. 1–12, ISBN 0-08-043152-6, Elsevier (2005)
* "Papers". Interface Physics Group.
# Carmen Stănescu

Carmen Stănescu (29 July 1925 – 11 April 2018) was a Romanian stage and film actress. She was born in Bucharest and died in Snagov.

## Filmography

* Bădăranii (1960) as Felice, Canciano Tartuffola's wife
* Frații Jderi (1974)
* Premiera (1976) as Alexandra Dan, wife of Mihai
* Povestea dragostei (1977)
* Războiul de Independență 1977
* Mușchetarul român, directed by Gheorghe Vitanidis, 1975
* Tinerețe fără bătrânețe, directed by Elisabeta Bostan, 1969
* Runda 6, directed by Vladimir Popescu Doreanu, 1965
* Telegrame after I.L. Caragiale, directed by Aurel Miheleș & Gheorghe Naghi, 1959
* Doi vecini after Tudor Arghezi, directed by Geo Saizescu, 1958
* Regina (2008) as Taisia, Cristofor's second wife
* Aniela (2009) as Păuna Vulturesco
* Moștenirea (2010) as Zenobia Popeangă
* Spitalul de demență (2012) as Senator's wife
# Iowa Cornets

The Iowa Cornets was a team that played for two seasons in the Women's Professional Basketball League. George Nissen purchased the first franchise in the fledgling league on March 21, 1978 for $50,000. Nissen, who had been a star gymnast at the University of Iowa in the 1930s, pioneered the manufacture and sale of the modern trampoline at his Griswold-Nissen Trampoline & Tumbling Co. in Cedar Rapids. The team made it to the league's championship series both seasons, falling to the Houston Angels in 1978-79 and to the New York Stars in 1979–80. The team played their games at the Veterans Memorial Auditorium in Des Moines, Iowa and at the Five Seasons Center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

## History

The league began with a player draft held in Manhattan's Essex House in July 1978, with eight teams participating. By the time of the draft, Iowa was one of only three teams that had a nickname selected and the only team that had already engaged a coach. With its last pick in the draft, the Cornets selected Uljana Semjonova, a 7-foot-4-inch player for the Soviet Union's national women's basketball team who would be inducted as an inaugural member of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in the class of 1999, but would never play a game in the WBL. Molly Bolin, who grew up in Moravia, Iowa, became the first player signed by any team in the WBL when she was signed by the Cornets. The team's first game on December 18, 1976 against the New York Stars at Veterans Memorial Auditorium was broadcast on television by Iowa Public Broadcasting Network.
The team finished the 1978–79 season with a record of 21 wins and 13 losses, tied for the Midwest Division lead with the Chicago Hustle. In the first round of the playoffs, Chicago took the first game in overtime, but Iowa won the last two games to advance to the championship series against the Houston Angels. Houston won the first two games of the series by scores of 89–85 and 112–98. Iowa won the next two games by scores of 110–101 and 89–79 to tie the series at two games apiece and setting up a fifth and final game for the title. Behind 36 points by Paula Mayo, the Houston Angels defeated the Cornets on May 2, 1979, to take the league's first championship, 111–104 in the fifth and final game of a best-three-out-of-five competition.
In the 1979–80 season, Iowa finished atop the Midwestern Division with a record of 24 wins and 12 losses, and as one of the two teams with the league's best record earned a bye in the first round. In the semifinals, Iowa played defeated the Minnesota Fillies, losing the first game 108–87, but winning the next two games by scores of 128–111 and 95–92 to advance to the league championship for their second consecutive season. On April 9, 1980, despite Iowa's league-leading scorer Molly Bolin's 36 point, the New York Stars held on to win game four of the finals 125–114, behind 27 points by Pearl Moore and 22 by Janice Thomas. Molly Bolin of the Cornets and Ann Meyers of the New Jersey Gems were co-winners of the Most Valuable Player title for the 1979–80 season.
The team was disbanded after the 1979–80 season.
# Hyalesthes obsoleta

Hyalesthes obsoleta is a planthopper species in the genus Hyalesthes.
H. obsoleta is the vector of the black wood disease of grapevine.
# Hough

Hough may refer to:
* Hamstringing, or severing the Achilles tendon of an animal
* the leg or shin of an animal (in the Scots language), from which the dish potted hough is made
* Hough (surname)

## Communities
### United Kingdom

* Hough, Alderley Edge, a location in Cheshire
* Hough, Argyll and Bute, a location on the island of Tiree, Scotland
* Hough, Cheshire, a village near Crewe in north-west England
* Hough End, an area of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, England
** location of Hough End Hall
* Hough Green, a residential area of the town of Widnes, England
** Hough Green railway station
* Hough-on-the-Hill, a village in Lincolnshire, north-east England
* Thornton Hough, a village in Merseyside, England

### United States

alphabetically by state
* Hough Springs, California, an unincorporated community in Lake County
* Hough, Cleveland, a neighborhood in Ohio
** location of the Hough Riots
* Hough, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community in Texas County
* Hough, Vancouver, a neighborhood in Washington

## Geographical features

* Hough Glacier, in Antarctica
* Hough Peak, in Essex County, New York, U.S.
* Houghs Creek (Delaware River tributary), in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, U.S.
* Houghs Neck, a peninsula in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, U.S.

## Schools

* Hough Graduate School of Business, part of the University of Florida
* Thistley Hough Academy, in Staffordshire, England

## Other

* Hough Priory, in Hough-on-the-Hill, Lincolnshire, England
* Hough transform, a technique in digital image processing
* Hough Windmill, in Swannington, Leicestershire, England
# Honoria Glossop Turns Up

"Honoria Glossop Turns Up" is the third episode of the fourth series of the 1990s British comedy television series Jeeves and Wooster. It is also called "Bridegroom Wanted". It first aired in the UK on 30 May 1993 (1993-05-30) on ITV.
In the US, it was aired as the second episode of the third series of Jeeves and Wooster on Masterpiece Theatre, on 17 October 1993. "Wooster with a Wife" aired as the third episode of the fourth series instead.

## Background

Adapted from "Jeeves and the Greasy Bird" (collected in Plum Pie) and "Bingo and the Little Woman" (collected in The Inimitable Jeeves), all written by P. G. Wodehouse. The title was written for television by Clive Exton.

## Cast

* Bertie Wooster – Hugh Laurie
* Jeeves – Stephen Fry
* Bingo Little – Pip Torrens
* Sir Roderick Glossop – Philip Locke
* Honoria Glossop – Liz Kettle
* Rosie M. Banks – Anastasia Hille
* Lord Bittlesham – Geoffrey Toone
* Jas Waterbury – David Healy
* Liftman Coneybear – Joseph Mydell

## Plot

Bingo Little wants to marry a waitress so needs his uncle's blessing. Bertie is pushed into helping him by pretending to be author Rosie M. Banks again. Little's uncle, Lord Bittlesham, is under Sir Roderick Glossop who has moved to America. Trying to sort things out, Bertie manages to get Blair Eggleston to break off his engagement with Honoria Glossop who now wants to marry Bertie. Meanwhile Bingo marries the waitress, who turns out to be the real Rosie M. Banks, so she and Lord Bittlesham are also after Bertie who decides the best thing is to take the next ship to London. But so do all the others and, confronted by all of them on board, he and Jeeves jump ship. Eight and a half months later, they turn up back in England, with long beards and looking like they have spent much of that time in an open boat and in savage lands.
# Chauliognathus fasciatus

Chauliognathus fasciatus is a species of soldier beetle in the family Cantharidae. It is found in North America.
# Geo Costiniu

Geo Costiniu (23 April 1950, Bucharest – 12 November 2013) was a Romanian film actor.
Born in Bucharest, he died in the same city.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1973 | Parasutistii | Stefan Iuga | |
| 1974 | Nemuritorii | Young Officer | |
| 1978 | Septembrie | Vali Abrudan | |
| 1979 | Ciocolata cu alune | Ganaega | |
| 1979 | Ora zero | | |
| 1986 | Un oaspete la cina | Traistaru | |
| 1987 | Sa-ti vorbesc despre mine | | |
| 1987 | Niste baieti grozavi | Rexona | |
| 1989 | De ce are vulpea coada? | Tatal | |
| 1989 | Întâmplãri cu Alexandra | Radu Stoica | |
| 1993 | Patul conjugal | | |
| 1994 | Neînvinsa-i dragostea | Aurica Capatâna | (final film role) |