OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brian Cathcart

Brian Cathcart (born 26 October 1956) is an Irish-born journalist, academic and media campaigner based in the United Kingdom. He is a founder of Hacked Off, which campaigns for a free and accountable press. His books include Were You Still Up for Portillo? (1997), The Case of Stephen Lawrence (1999), The Fly in the Cathedral (2004) and The News From Waterloo (2015).

## Background and journalism

Born in Ireland, Cathcart attended school in Dublin and Belfast before taking a degree in history at Trinity College Dublin. After graduating in 1978, he joined Reuters news agency, first as a trainee and then as a correspondent. He was on the founding staff of The Independent in 1986, and of The Independent on Sunday in 1990, rising to become deputy editor of the latter paper.
From 1997, Cathcart was a freelance journalist and author, writing about the murder of Stephen Lawrence, the scandal of trainee deaths at the British army’s Deepcut Barracks and the false conviction of Barry George for the murder of Jill Dando. In 2005–8, he was assistant editor and then media columnist at the New Statesman. From 2002, he helped launch journalism teaching at Kingston University, finally becoming professor there in 2006.

## Hacked Off and press standards

From 2008 to 2010, Cathcart was specialist adviser to the House of Commons Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport at a time when it was investigating press standards and the phone-hacking scandal. The Committee report was highly critical of News International (now News UK) and of the Press Complaints Commission (since abolished). From 2010, Cathcart blogged on the unfolding hacking affair, mostly for Index on Censorship, and in 2011, with Martin Moore, director of the Media Standards Trust, he launched Hacked Off to press for a public inquiry into hacking and press standards. Cathcart served as Hacked Off’s first executive director from 2012 to 2014, writing extensively on press self-regulation and acting as the campaign's principal spokesman. He appeared before The Leveson Inquiry twice, and his stance on press standards has drawn criticism and personal attacks from some in the industry.

## History writing

Cathcart has written on history, both as a journalist and an author. At The Independent on Sunday he wrote a weekly column on the subject called "Rear Window", and began publishing on the history of science. Test of Greatness (1994) was an account of the making of the British atomic bomb. Rain (2002) was about the science of rain. The Fly in the Cathedral (2004) was about the first successful artificial disintegration of the atomic nucleus (the splitting of the atom) at Cambridge in the 1930s. Cathcart later wrote about the early history of journalism and communication, which is the subject of The News From Waterloo: The Race to Tell Britain of Wellington's Victory published in May 2015.
# Fernando José

Fernando Jose is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem (born 1934), Angolan politician
* Fernando José Torres Sanz, Fernando Torres
* Fernando José (actor), Brazilian actor
# Companyia d'Aigües de Sabadell

Companyia d'Aigües de Sabadell (Cassa) is a Spanish company that specializes in the distribution and treatment of water.

## History

Companyia d'Aigües de Sabadell was founded in 1949.
In September 1989, a group of shareholders launched a petition requesting the resignation of José Casas, President of Cassa, and Jordi Buxeda, the company's secretary.
In 1999, its revenue grew by 18%. In 2000, Aigües de Sabadell extended its services to 10 new Spanish municipalities. In 2005, the company financed the exhibition Som Aigua. La nova cultura de l'aigua presented at the Maritime Museum of Barcelona.
In 2010, the Grupo Agbar, which already owned 11,3% of Cassa, led an OPA on the Companyia d'Aigües de Sabadell, but the board replied that Sabadell's shareholders will not accept to sell. One of the board members Manuel Bustos, is also the mayor of Sabadell. In July 2013, the Grupo Agbar completed the acquisition of 78% of Aigües de Sabadell for 24 million euros.
In July 2013, the company announced the launch of a SMS alert system to warn its clients of any interruption of service.
# Compaq C series

The Compaq C series was a series of Handheld PCs running on Windows CE 2.0, manufactured by Compaq in 1998.

## Description

The C series replaced the Aero line of handheld PCs. It was succeeded, as with other HPCs manufactured by Compaq and HP, by the iPAQ line of Pocket PCs.
The C series featured an integrated 33.6 kbit/s modem. For wireless data transfer, it sported an IrDA port.
An upgrade to Windows CE 2.11 could be purchased from Compaq for US$109.
Targus Inc. manufactured a leather portfolio case for the C series, under the Compaq brand.
# 1720s BC

The 1720s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1729 BC to December 31, 1720 BC.

## Events and trends

* c. 1720 BC–The Hyksos invade and conquer Egypt, establishing their capital at Avaris.
* c. 1720 BC–Adasi, a native king of Assyria, seizes power.

## Significant people

* Hammurabi, ruler of Babylon beginning in 1728 BC (according to the short chronology)
* Samsu-iluna, king of Babylon since 1750 BC (using the middle chronology)
* Rim-Sin I, ruler of the city-state of Larsa
* Adasi, usurper king of Assyria
# Brezje pri Trebelnem

Brezje pri Trebelnem (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Mokronog-Trebelno in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

Brezje pri Trebelnem was attested in written sources as Pirkenfeld in 1365, Pirchk in 1385, Chlain Wresawsikchz in 1406, Klain Pirikch in 1433, and Bresawicz in 1472, among other spellings. The name of the settlement was changed from Brezje to Brezje pri Trebelnem in 1953.

## Cultural heritage

A Late Bronze Age settlement with an associated burial ground with 31 burial mounds has been identified near the settlement.
# Fewer Moving Parts

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork Media | (5/10) |
| Allmusic | |
| Robert Christgau | |
Fewer Moving Parts is David Bazan's debut EP, released in limited quantities on June 13, 2006. It was re-released on 22 May 2007 on Barsuk Records.
The EP was considered a stopgap release to tide fans over until his full-length solo debut. While officially an EP, Fewer Moving Parts is longer — in total tracks or in runtime — than some albums.
The EP features five songs in two forms: first with full instrumentation, then stripped-down acoustic. In its first incarnation, "Backwoods Nation" was a Pedro the Lion b-side, featured on the 2002 Jade Tree compilation Location is Everything, Volume 1. "Cold Beer and Cigarettes", originally known by its alternate title, "The Devil is Beating His Wife", came to light as a 2005 Pedro the Lion demo recording. It was originally slated to be on their now abandoned fifth full-length album, but was re-recorded for Fewer Moving Parts.

## Track listing

All songs written by David Bazan
* "Selling Advertising" – 3:08
    alternate title: "Making It, Faking It, Breaking It"
* "How I Remember" – 3:13
    alternate title: "Don't Cry, I'm Not Gonna Hurt You"
* "Fewer Broken Pieces" – 3:23
    alternate title: "Cake and Eat It, Too"
* "Cold Beer and Cigarettes" – 3:51
    alternate title: "The Devil is Beating His Wife"
* "Backwoods Nation" – 4:10
    alternate title: "Speeding the Collapse"
* "Selling Advertising (acoustic)" – 2:48
* "How I Remember (acoustic)" – 3:17
* "Fewer Broken Pieces (acoustic)" – 3:23
* "Cold Beer and Cigarettes (acoustic)" – 3:52
* "Backwoods Nation (acoustic)" – 3:12

## Personnel

* David Bazan – vocals, instruments, recording, and mixing
* Zak Sally – artwork
# Compsoctena rustica

Compsoctena rustica is a moth in the Eriocottidae family. It was described by Strand in 1914. It is found in Cameroon.
# 1614 in France

Events from the year 1614 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis XIII
* Regent: Marie de' Medici (until 27 September)

## Events

* The French Estates General meets for the last time before the era of the French Revolution. In the interim, the Kingdom of France will be governed as an absolute monarchy.

## Births

* Brother Lawrence of the Resurrection

## Deaths

* July 1 – Isaac Casaubon, French-born classical scholar (b. 1559)
* July 15 – Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, French historian and biographer
# Bright line (disambiguation)

A bright-line rule is an objective legal standard that does not allow courts to weigh other factors.
Bright line may also refer to:
* Brightline, a rail system in Florida, USA
* Brightline West, a future rail system in the Western US
* Bright railway line, a defunct rail line in Australia
* A Spectral line
* Emission spectrum of a chemical or atom
# Bright spot

In reflection seismology, a bright spot is a local high amplitude seismic attribute anomaly that can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons and is therefore known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator. It is used by geophysicists in hydrocarbon exploration.

## History

Bright spots were not commonly identified until the early 1970s because of the extensive and industry-wide use of automatic gain control, which obscured the amplitude effects of hydrocarbon accumulations.

## Theory

A bright spot primarily results from the increase in acoustic impedance contrast when a hydrocarbon (with a lower acoustic impedance) replaces the brine-saturated zone (with a higher acoustic impedance) that underlies a shale (with a higher acoustic impedance still), increasing the reflection coefficient. The effect decreases with depth because compaction for sands and shales occurs at different rates and the acoustic impedance relationship stated above will not hold after a certain depth/age. Below this depth, there will be a crossover of shale and sand acoustic impedances and a dim spot is more useful to hydrocarbon exploration.

## Caution

The relationship between hydrocarbons and direct hydrocarbon indicators, such as bright spots, is not straightforward and not all bright spots are caused by the presence of hydrocarbons and therefore they should not be treated as conclusive evidence of hydrocarbon accumulations.
# 163d Combat Communications Group

The United States Air Force's 163d Combat Communications Group communications unit, headquartered in Sacramento, California, is one of eight Air National Guard Combat Communications Groups nationwide, which make up 80% of the U.S. Air Force tactical communications capability. The 163d CCG is one of five major organizations that make up the California Air National Guard. The 163d provides command, control, supervisory management, and training of four Combat Communications Squadrons, as well as administrative management of one Engineering Installation Squadron, one Intelligence Squadron, and one Space Operations Squadron.

## History

The 163d's history goes back to the 599th Signal Aircraft Warning Battalion activated at Drew Field in Tampa, Florida on 30 March 1944. Shortly thereafter, the unit moved to Oahu, Hawaii. Some of its components saw action in the Marshall and Mariana Islands during World War II. The unit was inactivated on 29 July 1946, but was reactivated on 13 May 1948 as the 162nd Aircraft Control and Warning Group of the California Air National Guard.
On 1 May 1951 the unit mobilized to serve state side during the Korean War until its inactivation on 6 February 1952. The following year, it returned to the State of California and was re-designated the 162nd Tactical Control Group, stationed at Van Nuys Air National Guard Base. At that time three of the presently assigned units (the 147th, 148th and 149th) were Aircraft Control and Warning Squadrons under the 162nd Group.
On 1 March 1961, the Group Headquarters moved to the North Highlands ANG Station in Sacramento, and was re-designated the 162nd Communications Group (Mobile). By that time the 222nd, 234th, and 261st units had joined the Group. In 1966 the Group was re-designated again, to the 162nd Mobile Communications Group. This designation they kept until 10 February 1976, when they were given their present designation of 162nd Combat Communications Group. The 162nd falls under the command of Air Force Air Combat Command at Langley AFB, Virginia.

## Assignments
### Major Command/Gaining Command

* Air National Guard/Tactical Air Command (??? − 1 June 1992)
* Air National Guard/Air Combat Command (1 June 1992 – present)
# Abderhalden's drying pistol

Abderhalden's drying pistol is a piece of laboratory glassware used to free samples from traces of water, or other impurities. It is called a "pistol" because of its resemblance to the firearm. Its use has declined due to modern hotplate technology and vacuum pumps. The apparatus was first described in a book edited by Emil Abderhalden. The drying pistol allows the sample to be dried at elevated temperature; this is especially preferred when storage in a desiccator at room temperature does not give satisfactory results.

## Operation

The drying pistol consists of two concentric barrels; the inner is connected to a vacuum source via a trap. The outer barrel is connected at the bottom to a round bottom flask, and a condenser. To operate the drying pistol, a sample is placed within the inner barrel, and the barrel is evacuated. The round bottom flask, filled with an appropriate solvent, is heated to a boil. Hot vapors warm the inner barrel; losses are avoided with the condenser. By choosing the appropriate solvent, the temperature at which the sample is dried can be selected.
The trap is filled with an appropriate material: water is removed with phosphorus pentoxide, acidic gases by potassium or sodium hydroxide, and organic solvents by thin pieces of paraffin. However, the use of these agents has been shown to have little efficacy. Generally, the main impurity to be removed is water.
This set-up allows the desiccation of heat-sensitive compounds under relatively mild conditions. Removing these trace impurities is especially important to give good results for elemental analysis and gravimetric analysis.
# Fliess

Fliess may refer to:

## Places

* Fließ, a town in Tyrol, Austria
* Fliess Bay, a bay in Joinville island off the Palmer Peninsula of Antarctica
* Tegeler Fließ, a creek or river in Brandenburg, Germany
* Schweinitzer Fließ, a creek or river in Brandenburg, Germany
* Sydower Fließ, a municipality in Brandenburg, Germany

## People

* André Fliess, German footballer
* Robert Fliess, psychoanalyst, son of Wilhelm
* Sue Fliess, American author
* Wilhelm Fliess, German psychologist and friend of Sigmund Freud
# Donacaula hasegawai

Donacaula hasegawai is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Shibuya in 1927. It is found in Korea.
# .app

.app is an abbreviation of the word application. It may refer to:

## Filename extensions

* Used in GEM
* Used for application bundles in NeXTSTEP, OPENSTEP, GNUstep, macOS, iOS, and iPadOS
* Used for app packages in HarmonyOS

## Other uses

* .app (gTLD), a top-level internet domain
# Diplacus rattanii

Diplacus rattanii is a species of monkeyflower known by the common name Rattan's monkeyflower.

## Distribution

It is endemic to California, where it is known from the North and Central Coast Ranges. It grows in open and disturbed habitat types, such as rock outcrops and areas recently cleared by wildfire.

## Description

Diplacus rattanii is an annual herb growing 1 to 18 centimeters tall. The oppositely arranged oval leaves are up to 4.6 centimeters long, the newer ones hairy in texture. The flower is no more than a centimeter long, its tubular base encapsulated in a swollen, ribbed calyx of hairy sepals. The flower is magenta in color, often with yellow markings in the mouth.
# Calanda (mountain)

The Calanda is a mountain (more precisely, a massif) in the Glarus Alps with two main peaks: Haldensteiner Calanda (2805 m) and Felsberger Calanda (2697 m), both located on the border between the cantons of St. Gallen and Graubünden in eastern Switzerland. It looms over Chur, the capital city of Graubünden.
Although Felsberger Calanda's topographic prominence is 286 metres—enough to possibly be considered a mountain in its own right—the massif is commonly said to be one mountain with several peaks. It lies between the valleys of the Rhine (to the southeast) and the Tamina (to the northwest), and is separated from the Ringelspitz by the Kunkels Pass.
The name Calanda derives from the Latin "calare", roughly meaning roll down, which refers to the ever-moving southern face that can be seen at Felsberg and is still an active rock slide.
The shallow southeastern slopes lie in Graubünden, within the municipalities of Mastrils, Untervaz, Haldenstein, Felsberg and Tamins, whereas most of the steeper slopes on the northwest lie in the Canton of St. Gallen, in the municipality of Pfäfers.
Calanda's secondary peaks are called Rossfallenspitz and Güllenchopf, whereas Berger Calanda and Taminser Calanda are less prominent points that mark the ends of the main ridge.
On the northerly plateau of Felsberger Calanda, ibexes are regularly seen.
A Swiss Alpine Club mountain hut, the Calandahütte, sites on slopes below Haldensteiner Calanda, at an elevation of 2073 m. The two main summits can be reached from the south by hiking: Haldensteiner Calanda by a route rated T3 on the SAC Hiking Scale [de], and Felsberger Calanda by a T4 route, which requires more experience in route finding and a head for heights to a certain degree.
At Felsberg, the local produced wine is called Goldene Sonne, a reminder of a gold mine in the southern face of Calanda.
# Brajkovac

Brajkovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Брајковац) may refer to:
* Brajkovac, Lazarevac
* Brajkovac, Prijepolje
* Brajkovac, Kruševac
# Chrysitrix

Chrysitrix is a group of plants in the Cyperaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1771.
It is native to Cape Province in South Africa and also the State of Western Australia.

## Species

* Chrysitrix capensis - Cape Province
* Chrysitrix distigmatosa - Western Australia
* Chrysitrix dodii - Cape Province
* Chrysitrix junciformis - Cape Province
# Cymatoceras elegans

Cymatoceras elegans is an extinct species of nautilitacean cephalopods in the family Cymatoceratidae. It is from the Cretaceous of Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
# Eșelnița (river)

The Eșelnița is a small left tributary of the river Danube in Romania. It discharges into the Danube in the village Eșelnița. Its length is 26 km (16 mi) and its basin size is 77 km$^2$ (30 sq mi).
# Bobs Lake (Renfrew County)

Bobs Lake is a lake in Brudenell, Lyndoch and Raglan, Renfrew County in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin and is part of the Madawaska River system. The nearest settlement is Hardwood Lake, 4 kilometres (2 mi) to the east.

## Hydrology

The primary outflow, at the southeast, is an unnamed creek that leads to Hardwood Creek, which flows via Snake Creek, the Madawaska River and the Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River.
# Claire Zorn

Claire Zorn (born in Penrith, New South Wales) is an Australian writer of young adult fiction. She was awarded the CBCA Children's Book of the Year Award: Older Readers in 2015 and 2017.

## Personal life

Zorn grew up in the Blue Mountains and attended St Columba's Catholic College. She holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts and a post graduate diploma in writing from University of Technology Sydney. As a writer of both fiction and non-fiction, her work has been published in literary journals including Wet Ink and the Overland Literary Journal, and she blogs. She is a Christian and has spoken publicly about how her faith influences her writing. She says she tries to view her characters with the same compassion and judgement as Christ views people.

## Published works and awards

* The Sky So Heavy (2013). University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702249761Set in the Blue Mountains, Zorn's first novel tells the story of a group of teenagers struggling to survive a nuclear winter.
** Honour Book 2014 Children's Book Council of Australia Award for Older Readers
** Shortlisted 2014 Inky Gold Award
** Shortlisted 2014 Aurealis Awards – Best Young Adult Novel
** Shortlisted 2015 REAL Children's Choice Award – Fiction for Years 7-9
* The Protected (2014). University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702250194
** Winner, Prime Minister's Literary Awards 2015 – Young Adult Fiction
** Winner of the 2015 Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Young Adult
** Winner, 2015 CBCA Book of the Year for Older Readers
** Shortlisted, 2015 Inky Gold Award
** Selected in New Zealand Listener's Top 50 Children's Books for 2014
* One Would Think the Deep (2016). University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702253942 A novel about a 17-year-old boy learning to deal with the death of his mother and life in a small coastal town.
** Winner, 2017 CBCA Book of the Year for Older Readers
* When We Are Invisible (2021). University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702263132. Sequel to The Sky So Heavy.
** Shortlisted, 2022 Adelaide Festival Awards for Literature – Young Adult Fiction Award
# Claude Road, Tasmania

Claude Road is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Kentish in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south-west of the town of Sheffield. The 2016 census recorded a population of 257 for the state suburb of Claude Road.

## History

Claude Road was gazetted as a locality in 1965. A post office of that name opened in 1906.

## Geography

Most boundaries are survey lines. The Dasher River, a tributary of the Mersey River, flows through from south-west to north-east where it briefly follows the northern boundary.

## Road infrastructure

Route C136 (Claude Road) passes through from north-east to south-west.
# Claude Melnot Wilson

Lieutenant Claude Melnot Wilson DFC (16 September 1898 – 14 October 1918) was a Canadian World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories.

## Early life

Claude Melnot Wilson was the son of Margaret and Charles Hurst Wilson of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. However, he was a Winnipeg habitué.

## Military service

Wilson transferred from artillery to the Royal Flying Corps, and was assigned to No. 29 Squadron RAF on 4 May 1918. Off to hospital on 15 May, he did not return to duty until 23 June. He scored his first one on 22 July 1918, flying a Hannover observation plane down out of control. In August, Wilson tallied six more victories, starting with an Albatros reconnaissance plane destroyed in cooperation with fellow aces Arthur Reed and Henry Coyle Rath on the 8th. His final victory came on 18 September 1918. He used a Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5a for all his victories. His victory roll included five enemy planes and an observation balloon destroyed, and two planes driven down out of control.

## Death in action

Wilson was killed in action near Roulers on 14 October 1918, and interred in the New British Cemetery in Dadizele, Belgium in Plot VI.F.26.

## Honours and awards

Wilson was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). The citation reads:
   Bold in attack, this officer never hesitates to join in an engagement with the enemy, regardless of their numerical superiority. On 18 August, with four other machines, he attacked a large hostile formation. Five enemy machines were destroyed, Lt. Wilson accounting for one. In all he has four machines and one balloon to his credit.
# F63

F63 or F.63 may refer to:
* Farman F.63, a French aircraft
* HMS Gurkha (F63/G63), a Royal Navy L-class destroyer
* HMS Scarborough (F63), a Royal Navy Whitby-class anti-submarine frigate