OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ferocactus chrysacanthus

Ferocactus chrysacanthus, commonly known as the Cedros barrel cactus, is an endangered species of cactus endemic to the islands of Cedros and West San Benito off the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico.

## Description

It is a solitary-stemmed barrel cactus with a globose to short cylindrical shape, and grows to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall and 30 centimeters in diameter, with around 21 tuberous ribs. The spines can be white, yellow, red, or occasionally gray. It has approximately 10 central spines that are flattened, occasionally curved like a hook, and can grow up to 5 centimeters long. It also has 4 to 12 or more radiating marginal spines, usually white and needle-like, sometimes bristle-like. The yellow to orange flowers bloom from June to July, and mature into yellow fruits. The bell-shaped flowers are red, yellow, or orange, reaching lengths of up to 4.5 centimeters and diameters of 4 centimeters. Its yellow fruits, up to 3 centimeters long, are fleshy and open with a basal pore. Sometimes recognized is the subspecies grandiflorus, which has orange to red flowers up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long and is native to the Vizcaíno Peninsula of Baja California Sur.

### Subspecies

There are two accepted subspecies:
| Image | Name | Description and Distribution |
| | Ferocactus chrysacanthus subsp. chrysacanthus | The autonymic subspecies, endemic to Cedros Island and West San Benito Island in Baja California. |
| | Ferocactus chrysacanthus subsp. grandiflorus (G.E. Linds.) N.P. Taylor | A Baja California Sur endemic infraspecies, commonly known as the large-flowered barrel cactus or Vizcaíno barrel cactus that ranges from Bahía Tortugas south to Punta Abreojos on the Vizcaíno Peninsula. It has orange to red flowers. This subspecies is recognized by Kew's Plants of the World Online, the IUCN Red List, and The New Cactus Lexicon. Also known by the basionym Ferocactus fordii var. grandiflorus G.E. Linds. which is recognized by the San Diego Natural History Museum in their 2016 Baja Checklist by Rebman et al. It is recognized by Joël Lodé as synonymous with Ferocactus gracilis. |
Plants sometimes assigned to Ferocactus chrysacanthus on Isla Natividad, which is located midway between the nominate subspecies on Cedros Island and the subspecies grandiflorus of the Vizcaíno Peninsula, are in fact Ferocactus fordii because of their distinctly purple flowers.

## Distribution

This species is found along the Pacific west coast in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur, including the offshore islands of Cedros and San Benito.

## Taxonomy

The type specimen was collected on Cedros Island in 1894 and described as Echinocactus chrysacanthus in 1899 by Charles Russell Orcutt, it was later placed in the genus Ferocactus by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose in 1922. The specific epithet "chrysacanthus" means 'golden-yellow-spined'.
# HMS Gay Bruiser (P1044)

HMS Gay Bruiser was a Gay-class fast patrol boat of the Royal Navy. She was built by Vosper, Portchester, and launched on 19 December 1952. She was the third ship to be launched in her class.
The ship was reported to have been at the Wessex Power Units Yard during the early 1960s.
# 1976 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships

The 1976 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men's professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney, Australia. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was part of the 1976 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix circuit. The tournament was held from 18 October through 24 October 1976. Geoff Masters won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Geoff Masters defeated James Delaney 4–6, 6–3, 7–6, 6–3
* It was Masters' 3rd title of the year and the 12th of his career.

### Doubles

Ismail El Shafei / Brian Fairlie defeated Syd Ball / Kim Warwick 4–6, 6–4, 7–6
* It was El Shafei's only title of the year and the 5th of his career. It was Fairlie's 2nd title of the year and the 4th of his career.
# 1930 San Francisco Gray Fog football team

The 1930 San Francisco Gray Fog football team was an American football team that represented the University of San Francisco as an independent during the 1930 college football season. In their seventh season under head coach Jimmy Needles, the Gray Fog compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 114 to 86.
In June 1930, the school officially announced its intention to change its name from St. Ignatius College to the University of San Francisco. The football team played under its new name, the University of San Francisco, for the first time in an October 19 game against the West Coast Army.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | San Diego Marines | Oakland, CA | W 26–0 | |
| October 5 | Saint Mary's | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco | L 0–13 | 25,000 |
| October 12 | Gonzaga | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco | W 13–12 | |
| October 19 | West Coast Army | San Francisco | W 20–3 | |
| October 25 | at Loyola (CA) | Wrigley FieldLos Angeles | W 14–0 | |
| November 1 | at Nevada | Mackay FieldReno, NV | W 20–13 | |
| November 16 | Olympic Club | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco | L 7–32 | |
| November 23 | at DePaul | Chicago | W 14–0 | |
| November 30 | Santa Clara | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco | L 0–13 | 15,000 |
# 2006 Sydney Roosters season

The 2006 Sydney Roosters season was the 99th in the club's history. They competed in the NRL's 2006 Telstra Premiership and finished the regular season 14th (out of 15).

## Results

| Round | Opponent | Result | Syd | Opp. | Date | Venue |
| 1 | South Sydney Rabbitohs | Win | 40 | 22 | 14 Mar | Aussie Stadium |
| 2 | Melbourne Storm | Loss | 12 | 16 | 19 Mar | SFS |
| 3 | Canberra Raiders | Win | 56 | 26 | 26 Mar | SFS |
| 4 | Manly Sea Eagles | Loss | 22 | 30 | 1 Apr | Brookvale Oval |
| 5 | Cronulla Sharks | Win | 28 | 24 | 8 Apr | Toyota Park |
| 6 | Brisbane Broncos | Loss | 6 | 24 | | SFS |
| 7 | St George-Illawarra Dragons | Loss | 12 | 22 | 25 Apr | Aussie Stadium |
| 8 | North Queensland Cowboys | Win | 22 | 18 | 29 Apr | Dairy Farmers Stadium |

## Player Summary

| Sydney Roosters 2006 | Appearance | Interchange | Tries | Goals | F/G | Points |
| Braith Anasta | 16 | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| Ryan Cross | 20 | - | 13 | - | - | 52 |
| John Doyle | 4 | 6 | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Mark Edmondson | - | 2 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Brett Finch | 21 | 2 | 5 | - | - | 0 |
| Craig Fitzgibbon | 22 | - | 1 | 62 | - | 128 |
| Chris Flannery | 14 | 7 | 4 | - | - | 16 |
| Shaun Foley | 9 | - | 6 | - | - | 24 |
| Glenn Hall | 2 | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| Ashley Harrison | 16 | 5 | 3 | - | - | 12 |
| Heath L'Estrange | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Josh Lewis | 11 | - | 3 | 4 | - | 20 |
| Lufi Manua | 2 | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| Vince Mellars | 12 | - | 3 | - | - | 12 |
| Steve Meredith | - | 1 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Anthony Minichiello | 6 | - | 4 | - | - | 16 |
| Adrian Morley | 16 | - | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Lelea Paea | 3 | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| Lopini Paea | - | 6 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Mickey Paea | 1 | 4 | 1 | - | - | 0 |
| Sam Perrett | 17 | - | 7 | - | - | 28 |
| Nigel Plum | 10 | 4 | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Amos Roberts | 23 | - | 18 | 11 | - | 94 |
| Setaimata Sa | 2 | 10 | 1 | - | - | 4 |
| Shane Shackleton | 7 | 12 | - | - | - | 0 |
| David Shillington | 20 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 12 |
| Iosia Soliola | 21 | - | 8 | - | - | 32 |
| Jamie Soward | 8 | 6 | 4 | 1 | - | 18 |
| Charlie Tonga | 1 | 9 | - | - | - | 0 |
| Anthony Tupou | 12 | 9 | 4 | - | - | 16 |
| Craig Wing | 13 | 5 | 2 | - | - | 8 |
| Total | 312 | 96 | 93 | 78 | 0 | 528 |
# Jennifer Elvgren

Jennifer Elvgren is an American author and journalist, and has worked as a press secretary for the American politician Rob Bell. She is known for her books Josias, Hold the Book and The Whispering Town, the former of which won the 2006 Américas Award.

## Awards

* Distinguished Achievement Award for Excellence in Educational Publishing from the Association of Educational Publishers (2004, won)
* Américas Award for Josias, Hold the Book (2006, won)
# Kürdmahmudlu

Kürdmahmudlu (also, Kyurdmakhmudlu and Kyur-Makhmudly) is a village and municipality in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,156.
# Fibrous cap

The fibrous cap is a layer of fibrous connective tissue, which is thicker and less cellular than the normal intima, found in atherosclerotic plaques. The fibrous cap contains macrophages and smooth muscle cells. The fibrous cap of an atheroma is composed of bundles of muscle cells, macrophages, foam cells, lymphocytes, collagen and elastin.
The fibrous cap is prone to rupture and ulceration which can lead to thrombosis. In advanced lesions, further complications may arise including calcification of the fibrous cap.
# Kucsó

Kucsó may refer to:
* Cuceu, a village near Jibou, a town in Sălaj County, Transylvania, Romania
* Kučevo, a toponym in Serbia
# Jan Peeter van Bredael the Elder

Jan Peeter van Bredael the Elder or Jan Pieter van Bredael the Elder (Antwerp, 23 April 1654 – Antwerp, 10 March 1745) was a Flemish painter, art restorer and art dealer. He is known for his still lifes of flowers and fruits, game and Italianate landscapes. He was a member of the prominent artistic family van Bredael from Antwerp.

## Life

Jan Peeter van Bredael the Elder was born into an artist family in Antwerp as a son of the landscape painter Peeter van Bredael and Anna Maria Veldener. His father was known for his in market scenes and village feasts set in Italianate landscapes. His mother was the daughter of the sculptor Jennyn Veldener. His brothers Joris and Alexander also became painters.
His father was his first teacher. He left for Italy before 1680. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1680 he became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St Luke. He married on 11 January 1680 Joanna Pinseel. His first wife died in February 1687. He remarried the same year. He had seven daughters and four sons with his second wife Joanna Catharina Huybrechts. He travelled to London between 1685 and 1689. Here he was active as a painter, art dealer and art restorer.
Jan Gillis Ferdinandus van Raveschot was his pupil from 1694. He was successful and provided funds to the Guild of St Luke of Antwerp of which he became a dean In 1689. He was also active as an art restorer in Antwerp. In 1698 the Antwerp magistrate paid him for the restoration of some paintings. Between 1680 and 1729 he was a captain in the local civilian militia. He was financially successful and was able to purchase a house on the fashionable Meir in Antwerp. He moved to a hostel after his wife died in 1716.
He was recorded as an artist, art dealer and restorer in Paris in 1719.
He died on 10 March 1745 in Antwerp.

## Work

Jan Peeter van Bredael was a still life painter of flowers, fruit and game and also painted Italianate landscapes with figures. He signed with the initials JP intertwined. This monogram was often read as just 'P'. As a result, many of his works have been wrongly attributed to his father Peeter van Bredael.
His still lifes distinguish his work from that of his nephew Jan Peeter the Younger who painted hunting scenes and battles. A flower still life signed with his full first names is in the collection of the Museo de Artes Decorativas Palacio Taranco in Montevideo. Two flower and fruit still lifes are in the Kunsthalle Hamburg and a hunting still life in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon.
# Granit Taropin

Granit Taropin was born in the city of Peltun on North Sakhalin Island in Russia on February 23, 1940.
In high school Taropin first became interested in wrestling after reading a booklet about a wrestler from Tula. After he graduated in 1958, he went to Tula in the hopes of finding this wrestler. While there, he became a Master of Sports in wrestling at the age of 20.
Then, in 1961 he entered a sports college in Malakhovka near Moscow. After he graduated in 1963, he went to the Institute of Sports in Smolensk, where he stayed until he graduated in 1967.
After he received his degree from the Institute of Sports, he began his first job as a professional coach in Kaliningrad where he would spend the next 10 years.
While in Kaliningrad, he worked at a children’s sports school with over two hundred wrestlers at a time. It was at this time when he first met his most famous wrestlers, Anatoly and Sergei Beloglazov.
When Taropin finally left Kaliningrad in 1977, he moved to Kiev as the head coach of Club Dynamo as well as one of the national team coaches of the Soviet Union.
Granit Taropin stayed in Kiev until 1986 when he left to become the head wrestling coach in India where he spent the next four years.
Shortly after he left as the head coach of India he moved to Scotland where he became the head coach of the Great Britain national team. A position he held until 1996 when he moved to Boston, MA and became an assistant coach at Harvard University.
Granit Taropin has been recognized as a Merited Coach in the Soviet Union, Russia and the Ukraine, receiving the honor of an ordinances form the USSR 3 times. His wrestlers have won 11 world gold medals and 3 Olympic gold medals. Further, except for 1984 (when the Soviet Union did not send a team) and for 2000, Granit Taropin has participated as a coach in every Olympics in the last 25 years.
He was formerly married to Larisa Taropina and Lyubov Taropina, and has two daughters Anzhella and Anna. Currently lives in Somerville, MA.
# Juraj Lovrov Zadranin

Juraj Lovrov Zadranin or Juraj Lovrin (transl. George, son of Laurence from Zadar; active during the fourteenth century) was a Croatian architect and builder, born in Zadar and mostly active in Dubrovnik.
He was a member of an architect family. His father Lovro /Laurence/ was a master builder in Zadar by the end of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth century. He had brothers Nikola /Nicholas/, Anđeo /Angel/ and Petar /Peter/, who all succeeded his father's business and expanded it.
At the beginning of the fourteenth century he settled in Dubrovnik and started his own business. In documents he is mentioned to have possessed a stonemasonry workshop in Dubrovnik in 1314. There he had an apprentice named Osroje Bogdanović from the Konavle region. His brother Nikola joined him in December 1316 and both of them obliged to work for the Dubrovnik Dominican Monastery, one of the most important architectural structures in the City of Dubrovnik, established in 1225 and completed in the fourteenth century. The brothers Juraj and Nikola built it in a simple Gothic architectural style.
While Juraj was active in Dubrovnik, his brothers Anđeo and Petar were later working as architects and builders in Dubrovnik and Kotor as well.
# Lebanese Liberation Front

The Lebanese Liberation Front (LLF; Arabic: جبهة التحرير اللبنانية transliterated as Jabhat al-Tahrir al-Lubnaniyya; French: Front de Liberation Libanais, FLL) was an underground terrorist group of nationalist trend formed in February 1987.

## Activities 1987-1990

Also designated the Lebanese Liberation Organization (LLO; Arabic: Al-Tanzim al-Tahrir al-Lubnaniyya; French: Organisation de Liberation Libanais, OLL) this mysterious organization appears to have combined a variety of grievances against Syria, Israel and United States policies over Lebanon. In the late 1980s the LLF/LLO was responsible for a series of guerrilla attacks directed against Syrian Army troops stationed in Lebanese territory and although their only single action carried outside the Middle East was in Canada, their motivations to attack a Canadian target and significance to the group's overall objectives remains unclear. The Lebanese Liberation Front ceased its guerrilla activities in 1989, though is presumed that it remained active at least until the mid-1990s.
# Finally Got Myself Together (I'm a Changed Man)

"Finally Got Myself Together (I'm a Changed Man)" is a hit song by R&B group The Impressions, written and produced by Ed Townsend. Released from the album of the same name, it spent two weeks at number one on the R&B singles chart in June 1974. It also peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. In Canada the song reached number 36. This song was the group's biggest hit after the departure of lead singer Curtis Mayfield.
# Kürdlər

Kürdlər or Kyurtlar or Kurdlyar may refer to:
* Kürdlər, Aghjabadi, Azerbaijan
* Kürdlər, Agdam, Azerbaijan
* Kürdlər, Fizuli, Azerbaijan
* Kürdlər, Jalilabad, Azerbaijan
* Kürdlər, Jabrayil, Azerbaijan
* Qurdlar (disambiguation), Azerbaijan
# Fiasco

Fiasco may refer to:
* a failure or humiliating situation
* Fiasco (bottle), a traditional Italian straw-covered wine bottle often associated with Chianti wine

## Media

* Fiasco (novel), a 1987 science-fiction novel by Stanisław Lem
* Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, a 2006 book by Thomas E. Ricks
* Fiasco (magazine), a British fashion magazine launched in 2010
* Fiasco (TV series), a 2024 French comedy TV mini-series
* "Fiasco" (Slow Horses), a 2022 television episode
* "Fiasco!" (SpongeBob SquarePants), a 2012 episode from season 8 of SpongeBob SquarePants
* Fíaskó (international title: Fiasco), a 2000 Icelandic film
* Fiasco (podcast), a podcast hosted by Leon Neyfakh

## People with the surname

* Lupe Fiasco (born 1982), American rapper

## Other uses

* Fiasco (band), a rock trio formed in Brooklyn, New York City in 2005
* Fiasco (role-playing game), a game designed to create a Coen-brothers-style story
* Fiasco, an open-source L4 microkernel family operating system developed at TU Dresden
* FIASCO, the name used by very early versions of PSPP, a free software application for analysis of sampled data
# 1979 Nigerian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Nigeria on 7 July 1979 for the first time since 1964 to elect a Senate and House of Representatives on 14 July. The result was a victory for the National Party of Nigeria, which won 36 of the 95 Senate seats and 168 of the 449 House seats. It formed a coalition with the Nigerian People's Party in order to gain a majority. Voter turnout was just 30.7% in the House election.

## Electoral system

Members of both houses were elected using the single-member plurality electoral system. Each State was divided into five districts, each of which elected a Senator. Each State was also allocated a number of seats in the House of Representatives based on its proportion of the population.

## Results
### Senate

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | National Party of Nigeria | 4,032,329 | 32.75 | 36 |
| | Unity Party of Nigeria | 2,835,362 | 23.03 | 28 |
| | Nigerian People's Party | 2,145,859 | 17.43 | 16 |
| | Great Nigeria People's Party | 1,847,019 | 15.00 | 8 |
| | People's Redemption Party | 1,453,538 | 11.80 | 7 |
| Total | Total | 12,314,107 | 100.00 | 95 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 12,532,195 | – | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 48,633,782 | 25.77 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||

#### Results by state

| State | NPN | UPN | NPP | GNPP | PRP |
| Anambra | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Bauchi | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bendel | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Benue | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Borno | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Cross River | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Gongola | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Imo | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Kaduna | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Kano | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Kwara | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lagos | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Niger | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ogun | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ondo | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oyo | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Plateau | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Rivers | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sokoto | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Source: Oyediran ||||||

### House of Representatives

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | National Party of Nigeria | 5,325,680 | 35.6 | 168 |
| | Unity Party of Nigeria | 3,691,553 | 24.6 | 111 |
| | Nigerian People's Party | 2,391,279 | 16.0 | 78 |
| | People's Redemption Party | | | 49 |
| | Great Nigeria People's Party | | | 43 |
| Total | Total | | | 449 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 14,941,555 | – | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 48,633,782 | 30.72 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||

#### By state

| State | NPN | UPN | NPP | GNPP | PRP |
| Anambra | 3 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 |
| Bauchi | 18 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bendel | 6 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Benue | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Borno | 2 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Cross River | 22 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Gongola | 5 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 0 |
| Imo | 2 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 |
| Kaduna | 19 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
| Kano | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 |
| Kwara | 8 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Lagos | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Niger | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ogun | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ondo | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oyo | 4 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Plateau | 3 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| Rivers | 10 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Sokoto | 31 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Source: Oyediran ||||||
# HD 125612 c

HD 125612 c is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type main sequence star HD 125612, located approximately 188 light years away in the constellation Virgo. The discovery of this planet was announced by the HARPS team on October 19, 2009, together with 31 other planets, including HD 125612 d.
In April 2010, the Spitzer Space Telescope was used to search for the transit of this planet across the face of its host star. The initial light curve was consistent with a transit, however new observations with Spitzer in September 2010 did not confirm the transit signal. Analysis of both Spitzer light curves showed that the possibility of a transit was only 0.24% compared to 9.7% prior to these observations.
# Jan Peeters

Jan Peeters can refer to:
* Jan Peeters (politician) (born 12 January 1963), a Flemish politician
* Jan Peeters I (24 April 1624 – 1677), a Flemish Baroque painter
# Kiss the Bunny

Kiss The Bunny was the second full-length album by Bickley, released in 1998 through by Fearless Records. This album pushed Bickley from a regional punk rock success into national exposure.

## Track listing

* "Roommate 29"
* "Calling All Punks"
* "Two Ton Tessie"
* "Fuckwall"
* "Natalie"
* "So Fucking Stupid"
* "William Lester Brown III"
* "Bert and Ernie"
* "Say Something"
* "You Getta Pettum"
* "My Best Friends Girlfriend"
* "Uncle Borloff"
* "William Walks"
* "The Abyss Sucks"
* "She's My Beer"
* "Punk Rock Girl"
* "Bad Natalie"
* "Legion of Beer"
* "Dino"
* "Prom Night"
* "Passout"
* "Rover Passed Away"
* "Somebody's Gonna Get Their Head Kicked in Tonight"

## Personnel

* Ben Fondled - vocals
* Uncle Dig - guitar, vocals
* Bill Fool - bass,vocals
* Rubio Coconut - bass,vocals
* Dave Wreckoning - drums, vocals
* Matte Finish - drums, vocals
* Dan Workman - Producer
# Gary Drinnon

Gary Drinnon (born June 11, 1950) is an American weightlifter. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Gonzalo Crespí de Valldaura, 20th Count of Orgaz

Gonzalo Crespí de Valldaura y Bosch-Labrús, 20th Count of Orgaz (Madrid, 25 March 1936 – Madrid, 25 February 2022) was a Spanish nobleman, historian and bibliophile, businessman and philanthropist.

## Biography

He studied at Lycée Français de Madrid and Colegio del Pilar. He earned a degree in Geography and History from UNED, which was also from where he later earned a doctorate in History. He inherited his titles upon his father's death in 1960.
He opened his extensive family archive in Ávila, one of the most important private archives in Spain, dating back to the 13th century, to researchers. His own research into his ancestors' medieval seigneurie has been published as Diario del señor D. Cristoval Crespí desde el día en que fue nombrado presidente del Consejo de Aragón (BOE, 2012), Señorío de Orgaz, 1220-1520: estudio genealógico, patrimonial y jurisdiccional (2013 doctoral thesis), and Los señores de Orgaz, 1220-1520 (Círculo Rojo, 2020).
He oversaw significant philanthropic work. In the 1980s, with Infanta Pilar de Borbón, he founded the development aid non-governmental organisation Ayuda en Acción, which he presided from 1981 to 2003. He was also president of the Spanish Assembly of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, that focuses on medical and social assistance, from 2003 and 2013.
From 1999 to 2006, he was president of the Association internationale de bibliophilie. He was a founding member and president (2009–2021) of the Friends of the National Library of Spain Foundation.