OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Friedhelm Hildebrandt

Friedhelm Hildebrandt (born February 11, 1957) is the William E. Harmon Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and Chief of the Division of Nephrology at Boston Children's Hospital. He was formerly an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the Frederick G.L. Huetwell Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Michigan.

## Early life and education

Hildebrandt received his M.D. degree from Heidelberg University (Germany), obtained his pediatrics and nephrology subspecialty training at Marburg University Children's Hospital, and was a postdoctoral research fellow in nephrology at Yale School of Medicine (Peter Aronson & Peter Igarashi).

## Research

Friedhelm Hildebrandt identified and functionally characterized multiple kidney diseases caused by single-genes (Mendelian) including nephrotic syndrome, cystic renal ciliopathies, and congenital anomalies of the kidney
Hildebrandt was elected to the American National Academy of Medicine in 2015, Leopoldina in 2007, and to the Association of American Physicians in 2005. He is a recipient of the Homer Smith Award of the American Society of Nephrology (2014), the Alfred R. Newton Award of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) (2017), and the E. Mead Johnson Award from the Society for Pediatric Research (2004).
Hildebrandt’s group has identified over 80 novel causative genes of the 240 genes that are currently known to cause chronic kidney disease, if mutated. His laboratory delineated the related disease mechanisms by generating animal models of human kidney disease in mice, zebrafish, C. elegans, and Drosophila as well in cell-based systems. He demonstrated that in a very high percentage of cases with early-onset chronic kidney disease a single-gene cause may be identified. Link to pertinent publications.
# Friedrich Wilhelm Schirrmacher

Friedrich Wilhelm Schirrmacher (28 April 1824 in Danzig – 19 June 1904 in Rostock) was a German historian. He is best known for the discovery of the original files and protocols of the Marburg Colloquy. The original texts are reprinted until today.

## Biography

Schirrmacher was the son of the school principal Carl Friedrich Schirrmacher and his wife Charlotte von Modrach. He assed his matriculation examination in Danzig, Prussia in 1845. From 1845–47, Schirrmacher studied history and philosophy in Berlin and from 1846 to 1847 at the University of Bonn. He thereafter returned to Berlin.
He completed doctoral studies under Leopold von Ranke in 1848 and passed the state teacher's examination in 1849. During the years 1849–54 he was an auxiliary teacher at a Berlin high school and was also employed as a schoolmaster (1854–66). Beginning in 1863 Schirrmacher worked as a history professor at the Royal Liegnitz Ritter Akademie (knight academy) in Silesia. While in Liegnitz he began publishing his multi-volume work on Kaiser Friedrich II, for which he was awarded the Wedekind Foundation prize from the University of Göttingen. This resulted in his being called to teach at the University of Rostock (1866). He taught there for 38 years as a full professor.
In 1866, while he was in Rostock, he brought out the city of Liegnitz registry book covering the time up to 1455. In addition, he turned his attention to areas relating to Spanish research. In 1881 the first volume of his history of Spain was published. It covered the time period beginning with the 12th century. Between the years 1890 and 1902 three additional volumes followed, which continued coverage of Spanish history up to 1516.
Schirrmacher received numerous honors and was conferred diverse orders. Beginning in 1874 he held the position of second librarian, then first and senior university librarian, and from 1869 onward he was a member of the board of examiners for teaching posts at upper level schools. Beginning in 1871 he was director of the academic numismatic collection, and from 1878/79 onward he held the rectorship of the university and was dean of the university's philosophical faculty in 1871/72 and in 1893/94.
Schirrmacher was particularly well known for his various works on the House of Hohenstaufen. In Reformation research he gained recognition for discovering and publishing the records and minutes of the Religious Colloquium of Marburg.

## Honours

For his contribution to science he received several awards:
* 1871 Knight 1. Class of the Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria)
* 1879 Memorial Medal of Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
* 1898 Commander of the House Order of the Wendish Crown

## Books

* Kaiser Friderich der Zweite, Göttingen 1859–1865.
* Johann Albrecht I. Herzog von Mecklenburg, Wismar 1885.
* Die Entstehung des Kurfürstenkollegiums. 1876. Nachdruck Bonn 2003, ISBN 3-932829-72-7.
* Allgemeine Staatengeschichte 1902 (several parts)
# Century City, Cape Town

Century City is a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. It is structured as a mixed-use development including entertainment, residential, retail and office components. It is located 10 km to the north-east of central Cape Town along the N1 motorway and is traversed by numerous waterways, wetlands and canals.

## Development

Development began under Monex Development in 1997 and continues under the new owners, Rabie Property Group. Century City's original developments were the Ratanga Junction theme park and Canal Walk shopping centre. When it was opened in October 2000, Canal Walk was the largest shopping mall in Africa and the Southern Hemisphere in lettable area at 141,000 m$^2$.
The Ratanga Junction theme park closed in May 2018 after many years of financial problems. The site was redeveloped and was replaced by Ratanga Park, a recreational park.

## Conservation

Built on a wetland area, Century City needed to comply with conservation measures. Intaka Island is a 16-hectare wetland area within the development. The wetland naturally cleans the water in the canals and provides a green lung in an otherwise high-density development.

## Criticism

There were concerns that Century City would cause decentralisation from the Cape Town central business district, but thanks to the city improvement district (CID) and urban renewal efforts spearheaded by the Cape Town Partnership (CTP), this has not happened. This development thus remains another commercial node in the Cape Town metropolitan area while the city centre remains vibrant. More recently, the development has been criticized for causing traffic problems. Measures have been taken with an aim to improve congestion during peak hours.
# Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stadion

Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stadion is a multi-use stadium in Herford, Germany. Matches of HSV Borussia Friedenstal are held in this stadium. The capacity of the stadium is 18,400 spectators.
# Friedrich-Rückert-Preis

Friedrich-Rückert-Preis is a literary prize of the city of Schweinfurt, Bavaria, Germany.
* This article about a German literary award is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Froggatt

Froggatt may refer to

## Places

* Froggatt, Derbyshire, a village in the Derbyshire Dales district, England
* Froggatt Crescent, in Croydon, New South Wales, Australia, named for Walter Wilson Froggatt

## People

* Jack Froggatt (1922–1993), English football player
* Joanne Froggatt (born 1980), British actress
* Kathryn Froggatt, member of the band Wheatus
* Sir Leslie Froggatt (1920–2010), British-born Australian businessman
* Peter Froggatt (academic) (born 1928), British doctor and academic
* Raymond Froggatt (born 1941), British singer
* Redfern Froggatt (1924–2003), English football player
* Steve Froggatt (born 1973), English football player
* Walter Wilson Froggatt (1858–1937), Australian geologist and economic entomologist

## Awards

* The Froggatt prize for Science at the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney
* The Froggatt Awards, awarded by the Invasive Species Council of Australia.

## Species

Named in honour of Walter Wilson Froggatt:
* Acacia froggattii, an Australian tree species
* Adlerzia froggatti, an Australian ant species
* Anonychomyrma froggatti, a species of ant
* Aprostocetus froggatti, a species of hymenopteran
* Australaethina froggatti, the kurrajong pod beetle, an Australian beetle.
* Bactrocera froggatti, a species of fruit fly
* Camponotus froggatti, a species of carpenter ant
* Ceratognathus froggatti, a stag beetle
* Cicindela froggatti, a species of beetle
* Eucalyptus froggattii, an Australian tree species
* Froggatt's catfish (Cinetodus froggatti), a species of fish that is endemic to Australia
* Haplothrips froggatti, a species of thrips
* Leptomyrmex froggatti, a species of ant
* Myrmecia froggatti, a species of ant
* Phylacteophaga froggatti, a species of sawfly
* Pleistodontes froggatti, an Australian fig wasp
* Pseuduvaria froggattii, an Australian plant species
* Solenopsis froggatti, a species of fire ant
# Ceratina dallatorreana

Ceratina dallatorreana is a species of small carpenter bee in the family Apidae. It is found in Africa, Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America.
# Freopedia

Freopedia began as a project to install QRpedia codes at sites around Fremantle, Western Australia to link people to articles on Wikipedia. It has since evolved into a WikiTown project aiming to build comprehensive coverage of Fremantle on Wikipedia.
The original idea came from Monmouth's Monmouthpedia.
Fremantle is the first city in Australia to have such a project, and thus a virtual tour of its historic sites. Visitors to Fremantle are encouraged to take a walking tour with the help of a map produced by the City. The Freopedia Heritage Tour is one of several Fremantle walking tours and trails publicized by the City.
The official launch took place at the W D Moore & Co Warehouse on 26 May 2013. The Fremantle Arts Centre and the Round House were included in the first set of sites.
The creation of content on Wikipedia and the driving force of the project has come from the work of Wikipedian editors. Subsequently local groups and collaborators have supported the project, however content creation and maintenance of the project has remained with Wikipedians. Installation of plaques has been carried out by Fremantle Society volunteers, the University of Notre Dame Australia, and Fremantle Port Authority. The latter produced eight of their own plaques, of blue plastic, and are (as of March 2014) installing them around Victoria Quay and the Maritime Museum.
The collaboration has been between the Fremantle Society and Wikimedia Australia, supported by the City of Fremantle, State Records Office, Fremantle Business Improvement District, Fremantle Port Authority, and other organizations in Fremantle. The project was a finalist in the Heritage Council's 2014 Western Australian Heritage Awards, and inspired the creation of a similar project, Toodyaypedia, in Toodyay.
# Frontal Assessment Battery

The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a short screening test to evaluate executive function (EF).

## Format

FAB is a battery of tests, consisting of six subtests, that takes about 10 minutes and is designed as a short bedside assessment of executive function.

## Applications

FAB is useful in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementias, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and dementia with Lewy bodies.

## Development

FAB was developed by Dubois et al. in 2000 and became a widely used tool.
# Cerotainiops

Cerotainiops is a genus of robber flies in the family Asilidae. There are about six described species in the genus Cerotainiops.

## Species

There are about six described species.
* Cerotainiops abdominalis Brown, 1897
* Cerotainiops kernae Martin, 1959
* Cerotainiops lucyae Martin, 1959
* Cerotainiops mcclayi Martin, 1959
* Cerotainiops omus Pritchard, 1942
* Cerotainiops wilcoxi Pritchard, 1942
# Frittelli

Frittelli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dylan Frittelli (born 1990), South African golfer
* Gino Frittelli (1879–1950), Italian painter
* Vincent Frittelli (born 1940), South African Violinist
* Fabio Frittelli (1966–2013), Italian musician
# Cerveza

Cerveza is a Spanish word meaning beer. It may also refer specifically to:

## Beers

* Cerveza Cristal, a Peruvian beer
* Cerveza Panama, a popular Panamanian beers
* Cerveza Pilsener, an Ecuadorian pilsner
* Cerveza Polar, a lager brewed by Empresas Polar
* Pacífico, or Cerveza Pacífico Clara, a Mexican pilsner

## Brewing companies

* Cerveza Quilmes, an Argentinian brewery
* FEMSA Cerveza, a Mexican brewing company
* Tijuana Beer, in Spanish Cerveza Tijuana, a Mexican microbrewery

## Other

* Cerveza preparada, a Mexican term for a type of beer mixed with juices or sauces
* Challenger ATP Club Premium Open, better known as the Cerveza Club Open, an Ecuadorian tennis tournament
# Chachua

Chachua (Georgian: ჩაჩუა) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Akaki Chachua (born 1969), Georgian wrestler
* Ambrosiy Chachua (born 1994), Ukrainian footballer
* Salome Chachua (born 1990), Georgian dancer and choreographer
# Frog shark

The frog shark (Somniosus longus) is a very rare species of squaliform shark mainly found in deep water in the Pacific Ocean. It is in the sleeper shark family Somniosidae with the Greenland shark.

## Description

The frog shark is known to grow to a maximum length of 110 cm in males and 130 cm in females. Previously classified in the same taxon as the similar Somniosus rostratus, it is differentiated from S. rostratus in having a longer second dorsal fin, a slightly larger eye, more rows of teeth and a greater spiral valve count.

## Range

Fewer than a dozen specimens of this deepwater shark have been collected, mostly from the Pacific Ocean. The frog shark has been recorded off the coasts of Japan, New Zealand, and possibly Salas y Gómez, as well as the Nazca Ridge, from as shallow as 120–150 m and as deep as 1,116 m.

## Threats

The frog shark is occasionally caught by trawl, longline, and crab-pot fisheries. As of 2015, no current conservation efforts are in place. In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the frog shark as "Data Deficient" with the qualifier "Uncertain whether Secure Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
# Frog on a Stick

Frog on a Stick is the debut extended play (EP) by British indie rock band The Crocketts, under the name The Crocketts 20th Century Vikings. Recorded at Al's Recording Studio in Lampeter, Ceredigion, the EP features seven tracks and was released in 1996 by Oozy Bozone Records. "Stunner" was later featured on the band's first EP with Blue Dog Records and V2 Records, Hello & Good Morning, released in 1997. Frog on a Stick was the only release by the band to feature original members Hannah Fowler and Graham Salisbury, and the only not to feature Salisbury's replacement, Owen Hopkin.

## Track listing

All songs credited to The Crocketts.

## Personnel

* Davey MacManus – vocals, accordion
* Dan Harris – guitar, backing vocals
* Hannah Fowler – acoustic guitar, backing vocals
* Richard Carter – bass
* Graham Salisbury – drums, backing vocals
# Friedberg (b Augsburg) station

Friedberg (b Augsburg) station is a railway station in the municipality of Friedberg, located in the district of Aichach-Friedberg in Swabia, Germany.
# Frédéric Alphonse Musculus

Frédéric Alphonse Musculus, born on July 16, 1829, in Soultz-sous-Forêts and died on May 26, 1888, in Strasbourg, was a French chemist.

## Career

Son of the pharmacist of Soultz-sous-Forêts, he himself became a pharmacist. Still young, he frequented the laboratory of Boussingault in Paris. He studied starch, became interested in the production of beer and invented an alcoholometer based on capillarity. He was chief pharmacist at the Strasbourg hospital and chaired the Society of sciences, agriculture and arts of Lower Alsace. He did research in collaboration with members of the laboratory of Felix Hoppe-Seyler.
He showed in 1876 that the ammoniacal fermentation of urine is due to a "soluble ferment" (enzyme) which can act in the absence of the living organism to which "one" then attributed the causal role. Pasteur, who had identified the living organism in question ("organized ferment") and attributed to it the role of agent of fermentation, was convinced by the experience of Musculus, but insisted on the fact that the "soluble ferment" was a production of the "organized ferment". The discovery of Musculus (the fact that a fermentation is only indirectly caused by a living organism and that it is possible to obtain this fermentation in the absence of this living organism, with the help of non-living substances that it secreted) was, in the particular case of the ammoniacal fermentation of urine, the confirmation of a general conjecture that Moritz Traube in 1858 and Berthelot in 1860 had formulated about all fermentations and that Buchner would demonstrate in 1897 in the case of alcoholic fermentation. The enzyme discovered by Musculus was later called "urease".
Frédéric Musculus is buried in the Saint-Gall cemetery in Strasbourg (Koenigshoffen).

## Publications

Without claiming to be exhaustive:
* "Remarques sur la transformation de la matière amylacée en glucose et dextrine", Annales de chimie et de physique, t. 60, 1860, pp. 203–207, online.
* "Nouvelle note sur la transformation de l'amidon en dextrine et glucose", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, t. 54, 1862, pp. 194–197, online.
* "Des hydrates stanniques", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, t. 65, 1867, pp. 961–963, online.
* Note sur la transformation du glucose en une matière analogue à la dextrine, Bulletin de la Société chimique de Paris, nouv. Sér., t. 18, 2e semestre 1872, p. 49 et 66–67, online.
* "Sur un papier réactif de l'urée", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, t. 78, |janvier 1874, pp. 132–134, consultable sur online.
* "Sur l'amidon soluble", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, t. 78, 1874, pp. 1413–1417, online.
* "Sur le ferment de l'urée", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, vol. 82, 1876, pp. 333–336, online.
* F. Musculus et D. Gruber, "Sur l'amidon", Bulletin de la Société chimique de Paris, nouv. sér., t. 30, 1878, pp. 54–70, online.
# Frédéric Amorison

Frédéric Amorison (born 16 February 1978) is a retired Belgian professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI Continental team Wallonie-Bruxelles.
Amorison left Crelan–Euphony at the end of the 2013 season, and joined Wallonie-Bruxelles for the 2014 season.

## Major Results
### 2002

    1st Sparkassen Giro Bochum
    1st Stage 2 Tour de la Région Wallonne
    4th Grand Prix d'Isbergues
    6th Grote Prijs Stad Zottegem
    9th Grand Prix de Fourmies

### 2005

    3rd Delta Profronde van Midden-Zeeland
    7th Schaal Sels-Merksem

### 2006

    3rd Rund um die Hainleite
    4th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
    4th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
    4th Omloop van het Houtland
    6th Le Samyn
    7th Paris–Brussels
    9th Grand Prix de Fourmies
    10th Overall Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen
    10th Overall Tour of Belgium

### 2007

    3rd Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
    4th Dutch Food Valley Classic
    5th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
    6th Grote Prijs Stad Zottegem
    8th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
    8th Tour de Rijke

### 2008

    4th Overall Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen
    8th Memorial Rik Van Steenbergen
    9th Overall Étoile de Bessèges
    9th Nokere Koerse
    10th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne

### 2009

    3rd Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
    6th Omloop Het Nieuwsblad
    6th Paris–Brussels

### 2010

    1st Dwars door het Hageland
    3rd Antwerpse Havenpijl
    4th Overall Three Days of De Panne
    7th Ronde van Drenthe

### 2011

    1st De Vlaamse Pijl
    3rd Kattekoers
    7th Classic Loire Atlantique
    8th Trofeo Laigueglia
    10th Nokere Koerse

### 2012

    1st De Vlaamse Pijl
    1st Grote Prijs Jean-Pierre Monseré
    3rd Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
    9th Overall Tour of Hainan

### 2013

    1st Mountains classification Tour de l'Eurometropole
    2nd Overall Tour of Hainan
    4th Heistse Pijl
    7th Ruddervoorde Koerse
    8th Gullegem Koerse
    9th Kustpijl
    10th Grote Prijs Wase Polders

### 2014

    10th La Roue Tourangelle
# Cesare Merzagora

Cesare Merzagora (Italian pronunciation:; 9 November 1898 – 1 May 1991) was an Italian politician from Milan.

## Biography

Merzagora was born in Milan on 9 November 1898.
Between 1947 and 1949, Merzagora served as Italy's Minister of Foreign Trade. He was President of Banca Popolare di Milano from 1950 to 1952, President of the Italian Senate from 1953 to 1967, and was also temporarily acting head of State, in the period between the resignation of Antonio Segni and the election of Giuseppe Saragat in 1964. Merzagora was named senator for life in March of 1963.
He ran as a candidate of the Italian Christian Democracy Party, and was affiliated with this party for most of his whole political career and then as an independent politician.
He died in Rome on 1 May 1991.
# Cesare Montecucco

Cesare Montecucco (born 1 November 1947, in Trento) is an Italian pathologist and full professor at University of Padua, Italy. He was awarded the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 2011 for his research on tetanus, botulism, anthrax and Helicobacter pylori-related diseases.
Throughout his career, he was the recipient of many international awards in recognition for his research accomplishments in the fields of pathology, toxicology and immunology.
# Frédéric Lavenir

Frédéric Lavenir (born 11 June 1960) is a French business executive who has served as the CEO of CNP Assurances, from September 2012 to July, 2018. Prior to that, he was employed as an executive at BNP Paribas within the leasing and human resources divisions. Prior to joining that firm, he was the Deputy Director of the Economy, Finance and Industry for France, and before that he was an administrator for Trésor public. He graduated from HEC Paris and École nationale d'administration.
On July the 11th 2018, he resigned for "personal reasons" from his position at CNP Assurances.
# Froggattisca radiostriata

Froggattisca radiostriata is a species of cave-dwelling antlion (or Myrmeleontidae), endemic to Queensland and Western Australia.
The species was first described in 1985 by Tim New.
Miller and Stange describe this species (and all Froggattisca species) as not being a true cave-dwelling antlion, because not all life stages are confined to caves.