OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Copiano

Copiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 km southeast of Milan and about 13 km east of Pavia.
Copiano borders the following municipalities: Filighera, Corteolona e Genzone, Gerenzago, Magherno, Vistarino.

## History

Known since the 12th century as Cupianum, it was seat of an ancient pieve of the Diocese of Pavia and it was part of the Campagna Sottana of Pavia. It was, during the 14th century, signoria of the Beccaria of Pavia. In 1622 it was conquered by the Salerno and in 1647 by the Omodei (both of Pavia), and in 1717 by the Modignani of Lodi.
# Footsteps 2

Footsteps 2 is British singer-songwriter Chris de Burgh's nineteenth album. It was released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 14 October 2011, and in the UK and Ireland on 17 October 2011.
Footsteps 2 follows the concept with that of Footsteps, creating cover versions of the songs which have inspired him over the years, along with a few new compositions.
As de Burgh said upon releasing Footsteps, "Listening to the great songwriters was the inspiration for me to try and become a good songwriter myself," he says. "I’m talking about the likes of Lennon & McCartney and Bob Dylan; people as good as that just don’t seem to exist any more. I learned my trade, my craft, almost at the feet of the Great Masters. And that is my musical journey. Those songs are my footsteps."
This album peaked at number 10 in the German album chart, and reached number 38 in the UK Albums Chart.

## Track listing

A version of the album released by Sony Music in Denmark has a different running order and includes a 25th anniversary version of "The Lady in Red", unavailable elsewhere.

## Personnel

* Chris de Burgh – vocals, guitars
* Nigel Hopkins – keyboards, orchestral arrangements, backing vocals
* Phil Palmer – guitars, backing vocals
* Ed Poole – bass, backing vocals
* Geoff Dugmore – drums, percussion, hammered dulcimer
* Jakko Jakszyk – harmonica, backing vocals
* Gavin Fitzjohn – horns, horn arrangements
* Geoffrey Richardson – strings, string arrangements
* Suzanne Barbieri – backing vocals
* Django Jakszyk – backing vocals
* Vula Malinga – backing vocals

### Production

* Chris de Burgh – producer, sleeve design
* Chris Porter – producer, engineer, mixing
* Jason Elliott – additional engineer
* Joe Kearns – additional engineer
* Alex Hutchinson – art direction
* Sarah Fulford – sleeve design, photography
* Kenny Thomson – sleeve design, management
* David Morley – photography
# Intégral: The Journal of Applied Musical Thought

Intégral: The Journal of Applied Musical Thought (ISSN 1073-6913) is a peer-reviewed, online and open-access academic journal specializing in music theory and analysis. It began publication in 1987, under the auspices of graduate students in music theory at the Eastman School of Music. According to its website, "the journal pursues an implicit mandate to explore and exploit the increasing pluralism of the music-theoretic field."
The journal's first editor was John Adrian. It is currently co-edited by Matt Chiu and Derek Myler.
# Homo Sapiens (film)

Homo Sapiens is a 2016 documentary film directed by Nikolaus Geyrhalter.

## Description

Homo Sapiens consists of static shots showing derelict spaces. No people are seen or heard in the film. Brief intervals of blackness divide the footage into chapters.
The film opens with a scene showing the Buzludzha monument. Earlier scenes show building interiors, such as offices, churches, hospitals, and cinemas. As the film progresses, more outdoor scenes appear and signs of human presence become less conspicuous. It closes with the Buzludzha monument again, seen from outside as it is engulfed by white fog.

## Production

Filming took place over the course of four years, at over 100 sites. During pre-production research for the film, the crew found locations through urban exploration photography online. They used funding for the research to start visiting sites and immediately begin shooting scenes there. As this progressed, Geyrhalter identified topics that he wanted to cover and focused on looking for specific locations that could illustrate them. Locations included Europe, the United States, Argentina, Namibia, and Japan. Wide-angle lenses were used to produce exaggerated perspectives.
Geyrhalter assembled a rough edit of the film using half-minute durations for each shot and placeholder audio. Because he wanted to eliminate human noises from the film, very little sync sound was used. Audio was recorded separately before being edited to match the image track. Once that process was complete, the film was rearranged and shot lengths were adjusted based on the story arc and the impact of the audio track.

## Release

Homo Sapiens premiered on 12 February 2016 at the Berlin International Film Festival.

## Critical reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 100% of 8 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.7/10. Peter Bradshaw called it "the most extraordinary documentary I have seen in years", describing its images as "as gripping as any of the sci-fi thrillers or post-apocalyptic dramas that would normally use scenes like these as establishing shots." In his review for The Village Voice, Michael Sicinski likened the film's compositions to the work of Anselm Kiefer, Andreas Gursky, and Christian Boltanski. He continued that "Instead of uncovering artifacts from long ago, Homo Sapiens shows us our own relics in the making." Glenn Kenny of The New York Times wrote that "Each individual shot creates a frisson of desolation that resonates far beyond the facile irony suggested by the movie’s title."
Slant Magazine ranked the film 20th on its Best Films of 2016 list.
# DeBrusk

DeBrusk is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jake DeBrusk (born 1996), Canadian ice hockey player
* Louie DeBrusk (born 1971), Canadian ice hockey player and commentator, father of Jake
# Cold Lakes (Nevada)

Cold Lakes are a pair of glacial tarns in the Ruby Mountains, in Elko County in the northeastern part of the state of Nevada. They are located at the head of Cold Creek Canyon, at approximately 40°42.9′N 115°18.1′W﻿ / ﻿40.7150°N 115.3017°W﻿ / 40.7150; -115.3017, and at an elevation of 9,880 feet (3,010 m). They have a combined area of approximately 7.4 acres (3.0 hectares), and a depth of up to 28 feet (8.5 m).
The outflow of these lakes are one of the sources for Cold Creek, which after exiting the mountains flows down Lamoille Valley, through the small Lake Phyllis reservoir, and then merges with the main branch of the Humboldt River.
# INS Beas (2000)

INS Beas (F37) is a Brahmaputra-class frigate of the Indian Navy. She was built at the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata.
The design and construction of the ship is entirely Indian, and is a modification of the Godavari-class frigate. She is fitted with an array of modern sensor suites and matching weapon systems.
Beas is named for the River Beas. She is the second ship in the Indian Navy to bear the name. The first was a Leopard-class frigate commissioned in 1960 and scrapped in 1992.

## Upgrade

On 16 October 2023, Ministry of Defence signed a contract for the mid-life upgrade of INS Beas with Cochin Shipyard Limited. In early April 2024, the mid-life upgrade of INS Beas began making her the first ship of the Brahmaputra class to be upgraded. The upgrade included conversion of steam turbine propulsion into diesel propulsion (CODAD) and other equipment and systems upgrade. INS Beas will likely be fitted with Caterpillar marine diesel engine with 6-MW power. The overall upgrade will take 2 years for completion. The upgrade will increase the remaining service lifespan of the frigate from current 10 years to more than 25 years after completion. According to an official, “there are issues such as steam leaks and high temperatures in the boiler and engine rooms of these ships which contribute to uncomfortable working conditions for the crew.” The upgrade will reduce the maintenance requirement of the ships. The Upgrade has commenced as of May 2024.

## Service history
### Task Force Europe 2009

During May–July 2009, Beas was a part of the Indian Navy task force on deployment to Europe. During this deployment, the task force participated in joint-exercises with the Royal Navy and the French Navy. Exercise Konkan-09 with the Royal Navy, was conducted off the coast of the United Kingdom. Exercise Varuna 2009 with the French Navy was off the coast of France.
# Cralopa

Cralopa is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Cralopa include:
* Cralopa carlessi
* Cralopa colliveri
* Cralopa kaputarensis
* Cralopa stroudensis – the type species
# Iwahashi

Iwahashi (written: 岩橋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kunie Iwahashi (岩橋 邦枝, 1934–2014), Japanese writer
* Kunio Iwahashi (岩橋 邦雄, born 1939), Japanese field hockey player
* Iwahashi Zenbei (岩橋 善兵衛, 1756–1811), Japanese scientist and optician
# Esmoulières

Esmoulières is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. The dwarf chansonnier Auguste Tuaillon (1873–1907) was born in Esmoulières.
# Copiapoa cinerea

Copiapoa cinerea is a species of plant in the genus Copiapoa in the family Cactaceae. The epithet cinerea comes from the Latin word for ash, by reference to the color of the epidermis.

## Description

This cactus is globular, fleshy, and perennial, then columnar up to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall, 20 cm (7.9 in) in diameter, with 30 ribs. Typical of this species, and characteristic, is the production of a white-colored waxy cuticle, for which the plants in its habitat are decidedly white-grey in color, hence the specific epithet. The light coloration is a protection against desiccation. In culture, the epidermis is often greenish. Its thorns can assume different colors, depending on the populations, however Copiapoa cinerea is generally black or dark brown. Only old plants offset from the base.
Flowers are yellow, with a diameter of 2.5 cm (0.98 in), at the top of the plants.The fruit ripens between wools, and is only visible when ripening has already occurred.

## Subspecies

| Name | Distribution |
| Copiapoa cinerea subsp. cinerea | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) |
| Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to Atacama) |
| Copiapoa cinerea subsp. krainziana (F.Ritter) Slaba | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to Atacama) |
| Copiapoa cinerea nothosubsp. scopa (Doweld) M.H.J.van der Meer (C. cinerea subsp. cinerea × C. cinerea subsp. krainziana) | Chile (Antofagasta) |

## Distribution

It comes from the region of Antofagasta and the coastal zones of northern Chile. The area is very arid. However, there are dense fogs, due to cold streams of the Pacific Ocean. These fogs are frequent, in early morning or late afternoon at an altitude between 500 and 850 m (1,640 and 2,790 ft).
The species is classified as Least Concern (LC) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

## Cultivation

Copiapoa cinerea is slow growing and hard to keep, because of the risk of rotting. Grafting is a solution. It rarely flowers in cultivation. Before all, it needs well drained soils and to be planted in a sunny place, but protection against excessive sun in summer. In summer, it needs light and regular watering, but the soil needs to dry between two waterings. In winter, it has to be kept warm (no less than 8 °C) and absolutely dry.

## Synonyms

* Echinocactus cinereus
# Joe Heap (author)

Joe Heap (born 1986) is an English author who resides in London. His poetry has been published in several journals and he was a winner of the 2004 Foyle Young Poet Award. He was a guest author at the 2018 Edinburgh International Book Festival.

## Life and works

Heap was born in London and grew up in Bradford, West Yorkshire. He later moved to Scotland where he completed a Masters in Creative Writing at the University of Glasgow.
Heap’s first book, The Rules of Seeing (HarperCollins, 2018), was shortlisted for the Books Are My Bag Readers' Awards for Breakthrough Author and won the RNA's Debut Romantic Novel award in 2018. His second novel was When the Music Stops (HarperCollins, 2020).
# Eric Youngstrom

Eric Arden Youngstrom is an American clinical child and adolescent psychologist, professor of psychology and neuroscience, and psychiatry, at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association. His research focuses on evidence-based assessment, and assessment of bipolar disorder across the life span.

## Work

Youngstrom's research areas are evidence-based assessment and the assessment, phenomenology, and course of illness for youths with bipolar disorder. He has developed or co-developed several self- and parent-report psychological measures, including the parent version of the General Behavior Inventory and the 7 Up 7 Down Inventory.

## Professional roles and memberships

Youngstrom was the inaugural recipient of the Early Career Award from the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy. He is also an elected full member of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. He was president of the Society of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. He served as President-Elect of APA Division 5, Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in 2019, is serving as president in 2020, and will serve as Past-President in 2021.
Youngstrom consulted on the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). He chairs the Work Group on Child Diagnosis for the International Society for Bipolar Disorders.
# Heemstede, Utrecht

Heemstede is a hamlet in the central Netherlands. It is located 3 km west of Houten, Utrecht. The hamlet is known for Heemstede Castle (1645).
Until 1812, Heemstede was a separate heerlijkheid. Between 1818 and 1857 it was a part of Oud-Wulven, until that municipality merged with Houten. The area had 75 inhabitants around 1850.

## History

It was first mentioned in 1219 as in Hemsteden, and means "place with houses". Heemstede is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Houten, and there are no place name signs. Nowadays, it consists of about 20 houses.

## Castle Heemstede

A fortified farm called Heemstede was first mentioned in 1323. Between 1398 and 1404, a tower was constructed, and it officially became a castle in 1536. In 1614, the castle became derelict and turned into a ruin. In 1645, a manor house was built about 500 metres to the north. During World War II, it was in use as monastery. In 1971, the building was squatted, and burnt down in 1987. It was rebuilt in 1998 and served as a restaurant which went bankrupt in 2012. The estate is now private property.

## Gallery

* Houten in 1868, with Heemstede in yellow.
* Street view of Heemstede
# Cocos Islands, Seychelles

Cocos Islands, also called Ile Aux Cocos, are a group of small islets in the Seychelles archipelago. They can be found 7 km north of La Digue and lies close to La Digue's other neighbours, Félicité Island and the Sisters Islands. It has been a marine park since 1996 and is a spectacular spot for snorkeling and diving and a popular venue for day excursions from both Praslin and La Digue. No accommodation is offered on this island.
# Ian Easton (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir Ian Easton, KCB, DSC (27 November 1917 – 14 June 1989) was a Royal Navy officer who held various command positions in the 1970s.

## Naval career

Easton joined the Royal Navy in 1931 and qualified as a pilot at the start of the Second World War, during which he saw active service on aircraft carriers. On 4 January 1941, flying a Fairey Fulmar of 803 Naval Air Squadron from HMS Formidable during a raid on Dakar, he force landed with his aircrewman Naval Airman James Burkey and was taken prisoner and held by the Vichy French at a camp near Timbuktu, until released in November 1942.
Easton was appointed Assistant Director of the Tactical and Weapons Policy Division at the Admiralty in 1960. He was seconded to the Royal Australian Navy as captain of HMAS Watson in 1962. He went on to be Naval Assistant to the Naval Member of the Templer Committee on Rationalisation of Air Power in 1965, Director of Naval Tactical and Weapons Policy Division at the Admiralty in 1966 and Captain of the aircraft carrier HMS Triumph in 1968. After that he was made Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Policy) in 1969, Flag Officer for the Admiralty Interview Board in 1971 and Head of British Defence Staff and Senior Defence Attaché in Washington, D.C. in 1973. He last posting was as Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1976: he commissioned armourial bearings for the college which were presented during a visit by the Queen in November 1977. He retired in March 1978.
# Creston College, University of New South Wales

Creston College is an Opus Dei residential college associated with the University of New South Wales. Founded in 1970, Creston College is a project of Foundation for Education and Training (FFET), which aims to promote education and the development of character in accordance with the principles and ideals of Christianity.
As the only all-girls college on campus, Creston aims to inspire women to be leaders in their fields of study and in society, motivating them to make a positive difference in the world, while at the same time having a well-rounded lifestyle. The spiritual formation provided at Creston is entrusted to Opus Dei, a personal Prelature of the Catholic Church.
Creston is located at 36 High Street, Randwick, opposite Gate 9 of UNSW.
# J. Nicholls

J. Nicholls (born 1867) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for West Bromwich Albion.
# Isidodendron

Isidodendron is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Trigoniaceae. The only species is Isidodendron tripterocarpum.
It is native to Colombia.
The genus name of Isidodendron is in honour of Isidoro Cabrera-Rodriguez (b. 1922), a Colombian dendrologist and plant collector at the herbarium of the University of Valle, with the prefix of dendron the Greek word which refers to tree. The Latin specific epithet of tripterocarpum refers to 'tri' meaning 3, Greek 'pterón' meaning wing or feather and 'carp' meaning fruit from the Greek word of καρπός (karpós).
Both genus and species were first described and published in Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. Vol.24 on page 348 in 2000.
# Coralliophila kalafuti

Coralliophila kalafuti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

Original description: "Shell somewhat fusiform in shape, with inflated body whorl and flaring lip; spire elevated; body whorl and spire whorls ornamented with numerous raised spiral threads, which give shell rough appearance; aperture very wide and flaring; columella with large, flaring parietal shield; parietal shield detached from shell along edges; shoulder rounded; shell color pale lilac; interior of aperture lilac-purple; columella white."

## Distribution

Locus typicus: "Off Harry Harris State Park,
South-Eastern end of Key Largo, Florida Keys, USA."
# Fondren (name)

Fondren is both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Fondren Mitchell (1921–1952), American football player
* Debra Jo Fondren (born 1955), American model
* Ella Florence Fondren (1880–1982), American philanthropist
* Fred Fondren (1948–1992), American actor
* Larry Fondren, American entrepreneur
* Walter Fondren (1936–2010), American football player
* Walter Fondren Sr. (1877–1939), American oil industry businessman
# Inter-Italian SC

The Inter-Italian Soccer Club, also known as Cleveland Inter, was a soccer team based in Cleveland.

## History

Founded in 1957, the club was a National Amateur Cup finalist in 1971, losing the final for St. Louis Kutis S.C. In 1973, the club was the 1973 National Challenge Cup's runner-up.

## Honors

* National Challenge Cup
** Runner-up (1): 1973
* National Amateur Cup
** Runner-up (1): 1971
# Dorel Zugrăvescu

Dorel Zugrăvescu (25 November 1930 – 20 November 2019) was a Romanian geophysicist who was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1991, and was an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.

## Studies

Born in Râmnicu Vâlcea, he graduated from the Bucharest Mining Institute (Institutul de Mine București), Faculty of Geophysics (1948–1954). He became a doctor in sciences, with a geophysics specialty, at the University of Bucharest, with the thesis "Contributions to the geodynamic study of the Romanian territory" (Contribuții la studiul geodinamic al teritoriului României), in 1985, and got a doctor in sciences, in the alternative medicine specialization, in 1987.

## Professional activity

Zugrăvescu started by being a scientific researcher at Institutul de Fizică (1955–1965), then principal scientific researcher at Centrul de Cercetări Geofizice al Academiei Române (1965–1968), head of laboratory at the Geodynamics Laboratory, from Centrul de Cercetări Geofizice al Academiei Române (1968–1970), at the Astronomical Observatory în Bucharest (1970–1977), at Centrul de Fizica Pământului (1977–1990), Principal Investigator I; director at Institutul de Geodinamică [Sabba S. Ștefănescu] al Academiei Române (since 1990).
Since 1977 he had been working as an associate professor in the Department of Geophysics at the University of Bucharest, and since 1990 he had been a Ph.D. supervisor in the Physics branch, specializing in Global Physics. He died in Constanța, aged 88.
# Hedaya

Hedaya may refer to:

## People

* Dan Hedaya, American character actor
* Hedaya Malak, Egyptian taekwondo practitioner
* Ovadia Hedaya, leading Israeli rabbi
# Colchester Reef Light (Lake Erie, West)

The Colchester Reef Light is an active lighthouse situated on Colchester Reef in the Western Basin of Lake Erie south of the town of Colchester, Ontario.
It was originally built in 1885 by Colonel William P. Anderson to replace a lightvessel that was previously stationed on that location. The original lighthouse tower was demolished in 1954 and the current structure is a white steel skeletal tower with a helicopter landing pad.
It is currently listed on the Canadian List of Lights as Light No. 620 and can be found on the Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart No. 2123.

## Architecture

This lighthouse was one of over 500 prominent lighthouses designed and built by William P. Anderson in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Original architectural drawings from 1882 depict four floors and an attached fog bell tower accessible from the fourth floor. Two floors were designed to be finished living space for the light keeper with the lower (still existing) stone caisson used as a cellar.

## Current condition

The current skeletal tower and helicopter landing pad are often populated by cormorants and gulls. A noise making apparatus was installed in an attempt to scare away these birds. There is no longer a fog signal at this site.
The exposed location (particularly the south side) and northerly climate produced significant stresses on the original 1885 structure including fast moving ice during the winter months. The cement that surrounded the lighthouse's current stone caisson base has eroded on the south side revealing this ongoing damage. The mortar between the stone blocks has deteriorated and is in need of repair.
# Ian Easton

Ian Easton may refer to:
* Ian Easton (Royal Navy officer) (1917−1989), British admiral
* Ian M. Easton, American scholar on international relations'