OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernest Hartmann

Ernest Hartmann (1934 – 7 August 2013) was an American psychoanalyst and sleep researcher. He is known for pioneering sleep and dream studies, incorporating neurophysiology, endocrinology, and biochemistry into his work.

## Life and career

Hartmann was born on Feb 25, 1934, in Vienna, Austria. His father was Heinz Hartmann (1894–1970), a widely known psychoanalyst and one of the founders of ego psychology, and his mother was Dora (Karplus) Hartmann (1902-1974), a pediatrician, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst. He had one brother, Lawrence, born in 1937. In 1938, the family left Vienna, due to the rise of Nazism, and went to Paris and then to Switzerland; they finally settled in New York City in 1941, where EH graduated from the Ethical Culture Fieldston School in 1951. EH went on to the University of Chicago, and then the Yale University School of Medicine, where he received his M.D. in 1958. After an internship at Einstein, he did his residency in psychiatry at Massachusetts Mental Health Center, and went on to do research on sleep at the National Institute of Mental Health.
Hartmann began his career as an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston from 1964 to 1966, then as an assistant professor of psychiatry from 1966 to 1969, before properly becoming a professor in 1975, one of only three full professors at the School of Medicine at that time. He held that position until he retired from Tufts in 2013.
Hartmann was the former president of the International Association for the Study of Dreams and the founding editor for their journal, Dreaming. He served as lieutenant commander in the US Public Health Service from 1962 to 1964 and held multiple high-level positions in tandem with his duties at Tufts, including but not limited to, directing the Sleep and Dream Laboratory in the Boston State Hospital from 1964 to 1980, the Sleep Laboratory at the West-Ros-Park Mental Health Centre, and the Sleep Disorders Center at the Newton-Wellesly Hospital.
During his career as a researcher of sleep and dreams for 55 years, he published more than 350 articles and 9 books while giving a myriad of presentations and talks across the world. In 1967, Hartmann published his first book called The Biology of Dreaming.
Hartmann was married twice, first to Barbara Snow Hengst, from 1961 to 1974, then to Eva Neumann, from 1995 to 1999; both of these marriages ended in divorce. He had two children with Barbara Snow Hengst; Jonathan Hartmann, born 1966, and Katherine Hartmann. born 1968
Hartmann lived in Newton Highlands, Massachusetts. He died in Truro, Massachusetts, on the 7th of August, 2013 as a result of heart failure, at the age of 79.

## Selected works

* The Functions of Sleep. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1973. ISBN 9780300017014
* Boundaries in the Mind: A New Psychology of Personality. New York: Basic Books, 1991. ISBN 9780465007394
* The Nature and Functions of Dreaming. Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 9780199751778
* Boundaries: A New Way to Look at the World. Summerland, CA: CIRCC EverPress, 2011. ISBN 9780983071808
# Dorcadion amanense

Dorcadion amanense is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1943.
# Josh Wise (actor)

Joshua Stephen Wise (born January 31, 1986) is an American actor. He is most notable for playing the character Pat Brody in The WB's 2002 television sitcom, Do Over.

## Biography

Josh Wise was born in Dallas, Texas and raised in McAllen, Texas. After showing promise in junior high school drama classes, his mother enrolled him in acting lessons. Subsequently, his acting coach introduced him to a manager. Soon he was cast in a starring role in the pilot for an unaired series on The WB called Murphy's Dozen. He also appeared in episodes of Frasier and Lizzie McGuire. In 2002, he relocated to Los Angeles after being cast as a series regular on Do Over.

## Filmography

| Year | Film/television | Role |
| 2001 | Murphy's Dozen (unsold TV series pilot) | Brendan |
| 2002 | Frasier | Warren Clayton |
| 2002 | Do Over | Pat Brody |
| 2003 | Lizzie McGuire | Corey 'Hezekiah' |
| 2005 | Without a Trace | Shawn Hopkins |
| 2005 | Rings | Timothy "Tim" Rivers |
| 2006 | The Naked Ape | Alex |
# Firle Escarpment

Firle Escarpment is a 302.1-hectare (747-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Seaford in East Sussex.
This is a long stretch of chalk grassland on north facing slopes of the South Downs. Flora include the very rare early spider orchid and other unusual flowering plants such as pyramidal orchid, felwort, common spotted orchid, round headed rampion, clove pink and bee orchid.
# Hotel Café Royal

The Hotel Café Royal is a five-star hotel at 68 Regent Street in Piccadilly, London. Before its conversion in 2008–2012 it was a restaurant and meeting place known as the Café Royal.

## History

The establishment was originally conceived and set up in 1865 by Daniel Nicholas Thévenon, who was a French wine merchant. He had to flee France due to bankruptcy, arriving in Britain in 1863 with his wife, Célestine, and just five pounds in cash. He changed his name to Daniel Nicols and under his management - and later that of his wife - the Café Royal flourished and was considered at one point to have the greatest wine cellar in the world.
By the 1890s the Café Royal had become the place to see and be seen at. Its patrons have included Oscar Wilde, Aleister Crowley, Virginia Woolf, D. H. Lawrence, Winston Churchill, Noël Coward, Brigitte Bardot, J. Paul Getty, Mary Teissier, Max Beerbohm, George Bernard Shaw, Jacob Epstein, Mick Jagger, Elizabeth Taylor, Muhammad Ali and Diana, Princess of Wales. The café was the scene of a famous meeting on 24 March 1895, when Frank Harris advised Oscar Wilde to drop his charge of criminal libel against the Marquess of Queensberry, father of Alfred Douglas. Wilde refused the advice, Queensberry was acquitted, and Wilde was subsequently tried, convicted and imprisoned. From 1951, the Café Royal was the home of the National Sporting Club. It was bought by David Locke in 1972.
Prominent personalities continued to host important events through the early 21st century at the establishment. Kanye West played 20 new songs in 2014 when he DJ'ed at a private party with Frank Ocean at the Café Royal. At a private after-party for the British Fashion Awards, hosted by Kate Moss and Naomi Campbell at Café Royal, guests in attendance included Harry Styles, Cara Delevingne and Rihanna.

## Restoration and conversion

Café Royal closed in December 2008. The fittings and furniture were later sold at auction. The building is a grade II listed building, which will protect its architecturally significant features and fixtures.
David Chipperfield Architects, with Donald Insall Associates, restored and transformed the building into a hotel with 159 rooms and historic suites, an array of dining rooms and bars, a private members club, meeting rooms, ballroom and a wellbeing spa and gym with 18-metre pool. The Grill Room provides a traditional afternoon tea service. Hotel Cafe Royal is part of The Set Collection which includes sister hotels the Conservatorium Hotel in Amsterdam and the Hotel Lutetia in Paris.

## Gallery

* The Café Royal, London (William Orpen, 1912)
* Conference at the Café Royal restaurant in 1947
# Gagari

Gagari may refer to:
* Daitō Islands, for which Gagari is an alternate name
* The inhabitants of Gagra, in Abkhazia, Georgia
# Higman

Higman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Donald G. Higman (1928–2006), American mathematician
* Graham Higman (1917–2008), British mathematician
* Howard Higman (1915–1995), American sociologist
* John Philips Higman (1793–1955), English mathematician and Anglican rector
# Joe English

Joe or Joseph English may refer to:
* Joe English (loyalist), former Ulster loyalist activist
* Joe English (musician) (born 1949), American musician
* Joe English (painter) (1882–1918), Flemish draughtsman and painter
* Joe English (sailor), (1956–2014), Irish Yachtsman
* Joseph English (athlete), British middle-distance runner
* Joseph English (architect) (died 1927), Australian architect with the firm English and Soward
* Joseph Craig English, American artist
# Jussieu Peninsula

Jussieu Peninsula is a peninsula located at the south east end of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.
It is bounded by Proper Bay and Spalding Cove within the natural harbour known as Port Lincoln to the north, Spencer Gulf to the east and the Great Australian Bight to the south. While it was first explored and mapped by Matthew Flinders during February 1802, Flinders did not name it. In 1913, the name proposed by François Péron and Louis de Freycinet from Baudin's expedition when it visited later in 1802 was declared as the peninsula's official name by the Government of South Australia. Jussieu refers to the French botanist, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. While parts of its surface have been cleared and used for agricultural purposes in the past, it is currently occupied by two protected areas: the Lincoln National Park and the Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area.

## History

A shore-based bay whaling station is believed to have operated at Spalding Cove between 1829 and 1832.
# Kigoowa

Kigoowa is a location within the city of Kampala, Uganda's capital.

## Location

Located in Nakawa Division, Kigoowa is bordered by Kulambiro to the north, Kiwaatule to the east, Ntinda to the south, Naguru and Bukoto to the southwest and Kyebando to the west. The location of the township is approximately 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi), by road, northeast of Kampala's central business district The coordinates of Kigoowa are:0°21'45.0"N, 32°36'54.0"E (Latitude:0.3625; Longitude:32.6150).

## Demographics

Prior to the construction of the Kampala Northern Bypass Highway, Kigoowa was primarily a bedroom community of middle-class single family homes. Those homes became more upscale when Ntinda became a major commercial location within the city of Kampala, during the 1990s and early 2000s. With the construction of the Northern Bypass, commercial construction has begun to appear along the highway, and at street junctions.

## Points of interest

The following points of interest lie in or near Kigoowa:
* The Kampala Northern Bypass Highway - Passes between Kulambiro to the north and Kigoowa to the south
* Kalinaabiri Primary School
* Saint Andrew Kaggwa Church - The Catholic church for Kigoowa Parish; named after St. Andrew Kaggwa, one of the Uganda Martyrs.
* Kigoowa Infants Primary School
* Kigoowa Catholic Women's Development Association
* St. Yosefu Church of Uganda
* Kigoowa Office of Uganda Women's Network
* Harvest Miracle Centre Kigoowa - A place of worship affiliated with the Pentecostal Movement
# Invicta (motto)

Invicta is a Latin word meaning invincible, undefeated, or unconquered. It has been used in mottoes like Roma invicta (Latin for "Unconquered Rome"), and it is the motto of the county of Kent, England.

## Theories of origin

"Invicta" has been a motto for centuries. Roma invicta is a Latin phrase, meaning "Unconquered Rome", inscribed on a statue in Rome. It was an inspirational motto used until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. This symbolic statement was later printed onto gold coins, to help boost the morale of the failing Empire.
For Kent, it dates back to the invasion of England by Duke William of Normandy in the year 1066. As the official motto, it appears on the coat of arms of Kent County Council.
Leaving the battle site at Hastings, William marched on to London on his way to the (then) capital Winchester. While passing through Kent, the local people attacked and harassed William's men. The uncertain William and his army fled and went a different route to London. As the people of Kent had chased William away, they adopted "Invicta" as a county motto.
A different version of the legend above is depicted on a monument at Swanscombe, where legend states this meeting took place on the Old Roman Road to London (Watling Street). The monument, sculpted by Hilary Stratton and unveiled in 1958, was moved in the early 1960s due to the construction of the A2 dual carriageway. It is now located in the churchyard of St Peter and St Paul's Church in Swanscombe, where the picture (right) was taken.
The monument states that:
   Near this spot by ancient tradition the men of Kent and Kentish men carrying boughs on their shoulders and swords in their hands met the invader William Duke of Normandy. They offered peace if he would grant their ancient rights and liberties otherwise war and that most deadly. Their request was granted and from that day the motto of Kent has been INVICTA meaning Unconquered.
Because Dover and Kent were not besieged or defeated on William's march, but instead the people demanded and received preservation of their rights in exchange for acknowledging his kingship and peace, they were therefore not conquered by him. Holding of land in Kent by gavelkind, rather than the Norman laws of primogeniture, lasted until the early-20th century suggesting that the people of Kent were successful in maintaining their rights.

## Local influences

As the motto of the county, "Invicta" is now a frequently used term within Kent.

## Other uses

"Cidade Invicta" ("Unvanquished City") is coined of the city of Porto, Portugal. It was earned during the Napoleonic invasions in the 19th century.
# Dorna (river)

The Dorna is a right tributary of the river Bistrița, in Romania. It discharges into the Bistrița in Vatra Dornei. It flows through the villages Dornișoara, Poiana Stampei, Podu Coșnei, Dorna Candrenilor and the town Vatra Dornei. Its length is 53 kilometres (33 mi) and its basin size is 608 square kilometres (235 sq mi).

## Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Dorna (from source to mouth):
* Left: Tihul, Dornișoara, Teșnița, Teșna, Izvorul Alb, Doceni
* Right: Bârsaniul, Prislop, Roșia, Alexeni, Negrișoara, Secu, Colăcelul, Pârâul Roșu
# Frutillaria

Frutillaria is a genus of flies belonging to the family Lesser Dung flies.

## Species

* F. abdita Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. anticura Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. calceata Richards, 1961
* F. calida Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. cheupuensis Richards, 1961
* F. chiloensis Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. contulmo Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. edenensis Richards, 1961
* F. furcata Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. glabra Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. kuscheli Richards, 1961
* F. propinqua Richards, 1964
* F. richardsi Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. stenoptera Richards, 1961
* F. tenuiforceps Richards, 1964
* F. transversa Kits & Marshall, 2011
* F. triangularis Richards, 1964
# Dongfeng Subdistrict, Guangzhou

23°07′55″N 113°15′14″E﻿ / ﻿23.13206°N 113.25386°E﻿ / 23.13206; 113.25386
Dongfeng is a subdistrict of the Yuexiu District in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, southern China.
# Gagari, Rajasthan

Gagari (also known as Jelu Gagari) it is a village of Tinvari Tehsil of Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India . It has pin code is 342306
# Dhakki

Dhakki is a town and union council of Charsadda District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°18'17N 71°46'24E and has an altitude of 359 metres (1181 feet).
The village has a higher secondary school for boys, a high school for girls and a basic health unit (BHU). It is about 50 kilometers from Peshawar. The soil is very fertile, irrigated by Upper Swat Canal. The main crops are sugarcane, tobacco, wheat, maize and vegetables. Apricot, plum, peach and pear orchards are stretched all over the landscape.The population is around 40000.

## Notable people

* Rustam Shah Mohmand - Former Interior Secretary of Pakistan, ambassador to Afghanistan.
# Johannes van den Driesche

Johannes van den Driesche [or Drusius] (28 June 1550 – February 1616) was a Flemish Protestant divine, distinguished specially as an Orientalist, Christian Hebraist and exegete.

## Life

He was born at Oudenarde, in Flanders. Intended for the church, he studied Greek and Latin at Ghent, and philosophy at Leuven; but his father having been outlawed for his religion, and deprived of his estate, retired to England, where the son followed him in 1567. He found a teacher of Hebrew in Antoine Rodolphe Chevallier, with whom he resided for some time at Cambridge. In 1572 he became professor of Oriental languages at Oxford.
Upon the pacification of Ghent (1576), he returned with his father to their own country, and was appointed professor of Oriental languages at the University of Leiden in the following year. In 1585, he removed to Friesland and was admitted as professor of Hebrew at the University of Franeker, an office which he discharged with great honour until his death. He acquired a reputation as a professor, and his class was frequented by students from all the Protestant countries in Europe.

## Works

He was learned in Hebrew and in Jewish antiquities; and in 1600 the states-general employed him, at a salary of 400 florins a year, to write notes on the difficult passages in the Old Testament; but, this work was not published until after his death. As the friend of Jacobus Arminius, he was charged by the Contra-Remonstrant party with unfairness in the execution of the task, and the last sixteen years of his life were therefore marred by controversy.
He carried on an extensive correspondence with the learned in different countries; for, besides letters in Hebrew, Greek and other languages, there were found amongst his papers upwards of 2000 written in Latin. He had a son, John, who died in England at the age of twenty-one, and was accounted a prodigy of learning. He had mastered Hebrew at the age of nine, and Scaliger said that he was a better Hebrew scholar than his father.
He wrote a large number of letters in Hebrew, besides notes on the Proverbs of Solomon and other works. Jean-Noël Paquot states the number of the printed works and treatises of the elder Drusius at forty-eight, and of the unprinted at upwards of twenty. Of the former more than two-thirds were inserted in the collection entitled Critici sacri, sive annotata doctissimorum virorum in Vetus et Novum Testamentum (Amsterdam, 1698, in 9 volumes folio, or London, 1660, in 10 volumes folio).
Amongst the works of Drusius not to be found in this collection may be mentioned:
* Alphabetum Hebraicum vetus (1584, 4to)
* Tabulae in grammaticam Chaldaicam ad usum juventutis (1602, 8vo)
* An edition of Sulpicius Severus (Franker, 1807, 12mo)
* Opuscula quae ad grammaticam spectant omnia (1609, 4to)
* Lacrymae in obitum J. Scaligeri (1609, 4to)
* Grammatica linguae sanctae nova (1612, 4to).

## Notable students

* Petrus Cunaeus
# Garet

Garet may refer to:
* Jedd Garet (born 1955), American sculptor
* Garet Garrett (1878–1954), American journalist
* Garet Jax, a fictional character
* Garet, character in Golden Sun role-playing games
# Kigonsera

Kigonsera is a village in the Ruvuma Region of southwestern Tanzania. It is located along the A19 road, to the northeast of Mbinga and to the southwest of Likonde.
# Irish Pub, Kabul

The Irish Pub of Kabul was a pub in Kabul, Afghanistan; it opened on Saint Patrick's Day, 2003.
Owner Sean Martin McQuade received approval of a local mullah by promising to repair the road adjacent to the club and assist in relocating a nearby school to a larger site. The pub is licensed by the Afghan government, with the caveat that it not sell alcohol to Afghans. When interviewed a staff member of the bar commented, "Our families know what we do, but we tell other people we just work in a restaurant or a guesthouse selling food and soft drinks." Within 2 months of opening it received warnings of a possible attack and temporarily closed. By September of the next year the bar had moved into a Kabul hotel.
# Frutillar Musical Weeks

The Frutillar Musical Weeks (Semanas Musicales de Frutillar) is a Chilean classical music festival that takes place yearly in the southern Frutillar, Los Lagos Region.

## History

The Frutillar Musical Weeks were conceived in 1968 by a group of Frutillar residents supported by the German Chilean League of Santiago. Robert Dick, Arturo Yunge, Alfredo Daetz and Flora Inostroza made up the organizing committee for the first 12 years of the festival's existence, and much of the credit for the success of the festival should be granted to them. Thanks to Flora Inostroza, the Universidad de Chile and the Chilean Air Force have been close collaborators in the festival since its launch.
In the early days, the Musical Weeks were held in Catholic or Lutheran church and then at the municipal gym, until they became so popular that they needed a larger venue.
The Musical Weeks have been held every summer since 1968. Today the festival is one of the most important classical music events in Chile.

## Location and venues

Frutillar is a small town and commune located in southern Chile in the Los Lagos Region, 983 km (630 mi) south of Santiago, the capital. The bay of Frutillar is found on the shores of Lake Llanquihue, the largest lake lying entirely within Chile. Frutillar (which translates as “strawberry fields”) is known as the "City of Music" thanks to the festival, and was originally populated mainly by German settlers from Hamburg in the 1850s.
The main venue of the festival since 2010 is the Teatro del Lago (Theatre of the Lake), a theatre and concert hall housed in a 10,000 m2 building. Opening on November 6, 2010 after 12 years in development, it is located right on the shore of Llanquihue Lake so that the interior auditorium enjoys a view of the snow-capped Osorno Volcano across the lake.
The architecture of the building is contemporary, but retains links with the traditional southern Chilean style, strongly influenced by German immigrants. Native materials were used in construction, such as wood, stone and copper.
The largest room in the venue is the "Espacio Tronador", which can seat almost 1,200 spectators. The auditorium is made completely of wood, and the spaces are outlined by the curved lines of the stage, rows of seats and high balconies.
There is also a range of other multipurpose salons and foyers, exhibition areas, rehearsal spaces, conference rooms and congress halls.

## The festival

The festival takes place between January and February every year and lasts for 10 days. It features more than 40 classical concerts performed by both Chilean and international artists. The program includes music and composers from different periods as well as famous Chilean and international performers and conductors, chamber orchestras, choirs and soloists.
In addition to the events that take place in Frutillar, other nearby towns also hold free concerts.
Sculptures on musical and festival themes can be found all along the Frutillar lakeshore, such as an amphitheatre, a Steinway grand piano and a gazebo, to name a few.
# Gamma, Missouri

Gamma is an unincorporated community in northeast Montgomery County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is at the intersection of Missouri Routes E and CC on the south side of Elkhorn Creek. Middletown is 5.5 miles to the northwest.

## History

A post office called Gamma was established in 1880, and remained in operation until 1920. It is unknown why the name "Gamma" was applied to this community.