OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Gwilym James

David Gwilym James (25 September 1905 – 10 December 1968) was the second vice chancellor of the University of Southampton joining in October 1952 and remaining till 1965, the year being marked by university expansion in the United Kingdom following the strong increase in the post-war birth rate in the late 1940s peaking in 1947.

## Early life

He was born in Griffithstown, Monmouthshire, Wales. He was educated at West Monmouth School in Pontypool and then attended Aberystwyth University College, University College London and then Trinity College, Cambridge.

## Career

He became warden of Merthyr Settlement and then a tutor in Worcester for the University of Birmingham from 1934 to 1937. From 1937 to 1941 he was a lecturer in English at the University College, Cardiff. He was a temporary principal at the Board of Trade in 1941. From 1942 to 1952 he was Winterstoke Professor of English at the University of Bristol. In 1952 he was appointed Vice Chancellor of the University of Southampton.
The university had been the Hartley University College awarding external degrees of the University of London. It had been founded 50 years earlier in 1902, and its origin was as the Hartley Institution formed in 1862. The university college had been granted full university status on 29 April 1952 when Queen Elizabeth II granted it a Royal Charter.
Student numbers in 1952 were about 1,000 with a staff of around 100. By 1963 student numbers had grown to 2,094. During James' tenure, in 1963 the Nuffield Theatre was opened on the main Highfield campus for both visiting and university performers. Also in James' tenure, the Robbins Report was published in 1963. This proposed that the number of students at English universities should rise from 150,000 to 170,000. Southampton set about increasing its students to 4,000, not by 1980 as planned, but by 1967 and James’ last two years as vice-chancellor set about reaching that target.
After Southampton he was a visiting lecturer at several institutions including Yale University from 1965 to 1966.

## Personal life

In 1931 he married Dillys Margaret Cledwyn (d. 1965) and they had one son and three daughters. In 1967 he married second Gwynneth Chegwidden. A notable friend of his was J. R. R. Tolkien.

## Publications

* Scepticism and Poetry, An Essay on the Poetic Imagination: 1937, reprinted 1980, Greenwood Press ISBN 978-0313228407
* The Romantic Comedy, 1948, OUP, ASIN: B0010WHOVA
* The Life of Reason, The Life of Reason - [The English Augustans] - Hobbes, Locke and Bolingbroke, Pub: Longmans 1949 ASIN: B0006DGLGI
* Wordsworth and Tennyson (Warton Lecture, British Academy, 1950) Reprinted 1982 Haskell House Publishers Inc. ISBN 978-0838300466
* Byron and Shelley (Byron Foundation Lecture, Univ. of Nottingham, 1951) Reprinted 1978, R West, ISBN 978-0849212505
* The Dream of Learning, December 1951, OUP ISBN 978-0198115557
* (Editor) The Universities and the Theatre, 1952
* Matthew Arnold and the Decline of English Romanticism, 1961
* The Dream of Prospero, 1967
* Henry Sidgwick: Science and Faith in Victorian England (Riddell Memorial Lecture) OUP ISBN 978-0197139103
# Darkness on the Edge of Town (disambiguation)

Darkness on the Edge of Town is a studio album released by Bruce Springsteen in 1978.
Darkness on the Edge of Town may also refer to:

## Music

* "Darkness on the Edge of Town" (song), the title song of Bruce Springsteen's Darkness on the Edge of Town album

## Television

* "Darkness on the Edge of Town" (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles), a 2003 episode of the TV series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
* "Darkness on the Edge of Town" (One Tree Hill), a 2010 episode of the TV series One Tree Hill
* "Darkness on the Edge of Town" (Arrow), a 2013 episode of the TV series Arrow
* "Darkness on the Edge of Town" (Once Upon a Time), a 2015 episode of the TV series Once Upon a Time

## Other uses

* Darkness on the Edge of Town Tour, a 1978 North American concert tour by Bruce Springsteen
* Darkness on the Edge of Town, a 2014 novel written by Brian Keene
* Stranger Things: Darkness on the Edge of Town, a 2019 novel written by Adam Christopher
# David Crighton Medal

The David Crighton Medal is an honorific medal awarded to mathematicians.
The Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) and the London Mathematical Society (LMS) instituted the medal in 2002 in honour of the British mathematician David Crighton FRS (1942–2000). The award is made biennially, and was first presented in 2003.
Holders of the medal include Frank Kelly, Peter Neumann, Keith Moffatt, Christopher Zeeman, John Ball, David Abrahams and Arieh Iserles.
# David Crisp

David Crisp Jr. (born September 27, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for Randers Cimbria of the Basketligaen. He played college basketball for the Washington Huskies of the Pac-12 Conference. Crisp was selected by the Stockton Kings in the second round of the 2019 G-League draft.

## Early life

Crisp was born in Ft Knox, Kentucky. His father, David Crisp Sr., played college football for the Marshall Thundering Herd. Crisp played both basketball and football until 8th grade before ultimately choosing basketball. During the 2010–11 season, he led Clover Park High School to a Washington Class 2A state championship. Crisp then transferred to Rainier Beach High School where he won a state championship alongside San Antonio Spurs guard Dejounte Murray. In 2015, Crisp won a National Prep Championship with Brewster Academy.

## College career

Crisp declined offers from Creighton, Nebraska, Princeton and Texas A&M before signing with Washington. As a freshman, Crisp played in all 34 games averaging 7.2 points, 2.4 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game. As a sophomore, Crisp averaged 13.8 points, 3.4 rebounds, and 3.1 assists per game. During his junior season, Crisp became the 40th player in Huskies history to reach 1,000 points scored. He posted 11.6 points and 3.1 assists per game during his junior season. Crisp's senior season saw the Washington Huskies reach the second round of the NCAA tournament with Crisp scoring 8 points during their first round win against Utah State. Crisp averaged 12.2 points, 2.7 assists, 2.1 rebounds, and 1.0 steal per game as senior.

## Professional career

On June 13, 2019, Crisp was one of twenty-four prospects to work out for the Portland Trail Blazers, although he was not selected by them. Crisp was drafted with the 51st overall pick in the 2019 G-League Draft by the Stockton Kings. On November 6, 2019, Crisp was released by the Stockton Kings. On September 11, 2020, Crisp signed with Randers Cimbria of the Basketligaen.
# Hasarius mahensis

Hasarius mahensis is a species of jumping spider. The species is endemic to Mahé Island of Seychelles.
# David Doman

David Doman is an electrical engineer with the USAF Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, New York. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to flight dynamics and control.
# David Donald

David Donald may refer to:
* David Donald (cricketer) (1933–2016), New Zealand cricketer
* David Donald (footballer) (born 1987), Scottish football defender
* David Herbert Donald (1920–2009), American historian
* David Grahame Donald (1891–1976), RAF officer
# Hauā

Hauā is a Wharenui of New Zealand. The name may be short for:
* Te Iti a Hauā
* Ngāti Hauā
# Hauzenberg

Hauzenberg (German pronunciation: ) is a municipality in the district of Passau, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 15 kilometres (9 miles) northeast of Passau.
In November 1936, Gauleiter Fritz Wächtler dedicated the Hauzenberg district house. In June 1940, the local National Socialists organized a slide show titled Weltpirat England and U-Boot auf Kaperfahrt. Party leader Heilmaier seized the opportunity to announce regulations about how to deal with Polish farm laborers and prisoners of war.

## Twin towns — sister cities

Hauzenberg is twinned with:
* Vöcklabruck, Austria
* Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
* Český Krumlov, Czech Republic
# David Evans (rugby, born 1886)

David Alexander Evans (4 October 1886 – 12 October 1940) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league.

## Playing career
### Rugby union

Evans began his career playing rugby union and represented Hawke's Bay 19 times from 1906. He made the 1910 New Zealand tour of Australia and played in the 0–11 Test defeat by Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 27 June 1910, becoming the Hawke's Bay's third representative.

### Rugby league

While in Australia, Evans had been impressed by the rugby league code and, in 1911, he was instrumental in helping to persuade three Hawke's Bay clubs – Clive, Ahuriri and Kia Toa – to switch en masse to rugby league. A Hawke's Bay rugby league team representative, he represented New Zealand on the 1912 tour of Australia, where no test matches were played. He played 5 matches for New Zealand on the tour.
He played for the City club in the inaugural Hawke's Bay rugby league competition in 1911 playing 11 matches and 1 match for a combined City-Kia Ora team against Clive-Ahuriri for charity. In the same season he played three matches for Hawke's Bay (two against Wanganui and one against Auckland). He also played a match for the Napier team against Dannevirke. In 1912, he played for Hawke's Bay against Wellington and then against the touring New South Wales rugby league team.
# David Goldsmith

David Goldsmith may refer to:
* David Goldsmith (cricketer) (born 1947), English cricketer
* David Goldsmith (footballer) (born 1993), English footballer
* David Goldsmith (field hockey) (1931–2017), New Zealand field hockey player
* David Goldsmith (actor) (born 1969), American actor
* David Goldsmith (lyricist) (born 1962), American theatre and film music lyricist
# David Stern (businessman)

David Stern (1820–1875) was an American businessman who co-founded Levi Strauss & Co. with his brother-in-law, Levi Strauss.

## Biography

David Stern was born to a Jewish family in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1820. In the 1840s, he immigrated to the United States first to New York then the American South and finally to San Francisco in 1853 or 1855 where he was later joined by his brother-in-law Levi Strauss. Strauss had been sent to San Francisco — which was booming due to the gold rush — to scout out a larger location for the family merchandising company. In 1858, he was listed as a co-owner of the company under the name Strauss, Levi (David Stern & Lewis Strauss) importers clothing in the San Francisco Directory where Stern was its manager and Strauss as its sales manager. In 1860, the company was renamed as Levi Strauss & Co. In 1873, the company received the patent for its jeans, the first to use metal rivets on workpants made with denim cloth.

## Personal life

In 1850, he married Fanny Strauss, the sister of Levi Strauss, in New York. They had 8 children: Jacob and Caroline (both born in New York); and Henry, Sigmund, Louis (who married Lucie Cahen, Palo Alto patroness), Harriet "Hattie", Abraham, and Lillian (all born in San Francisco). He was a member of the Eureka Benevolent Society (later the Jewish Family Service) and Congregation Emanu-El. Two of his sons married sisters, the daughters of Lazard Frères head Marc Eugene Meyer: his son, Sigmund Stern, married Rosalie Meyer; and his son Abraham Stern, married, Elise Meyer. Sigmund's only child, Elise, married Walter A. Haas, the son of Abraham Haas, whose descendants are the current owners of Levi Strauss & Co.
David Stern died in 1875 in San Francisco. The company incorporated in 1890 with Levi Strauss as president, Jacob Stern as First Vice President, Sigmund Stern as Second Vice President, Louis Stern as Treasurer, and Abraham Stern as Secretary. After the death of Levi Strauss in 1902 — who had no children — Stern's sons took over ownership of the company. The Sigmund Stern Recreation Grove is named for his son.
# David Geddes

David Geddes may refer to:
* David Geddes (cinematographer) (David A. Geddes, born 1949), Canadian cinematographer
* David Geddes (musician) (David Cole Idema, born 1950), American musician and singer
# Hastingsia bracteosa

Hastingsia bracteosa is a rare species of flowering plant in the agave subfamily of the asparagus family known by the common name large-flowered rushlily. It is endemic to Oregon in the United States, where it is limited to a twelve-mile stretch of the Illinois Valley in the southwestern part of the state.
This plant grows from a dark-coated bulb and produces gray-green leaves up to 52 centimeters long. The slender, erect scape grows up to 87 centimeters tall. At the top is an inflorescence which is a raceme of many flowers. Each flower has tepals roughly 1 centimeter long. Some plants produce white flowers and some purple, and where they occur together they can cross to produce pink flowers. White-flowered plants generally occur in the northern part of the species' very small range, and purple plants grow in the southern end, the two separated by a single meadow where they mix. The purple-flowered form was considered a separate species for a time, but they are similar enough that they are now treated as members of the same species.
This plant grows on boggy open slopes and in other wetland habitat such as fens, springs and wet meadows, often in areas with serpentine soils. Associated plant species include Darlingtonia californica, Helenium bigelovii, and Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. It is often found in serpentine fens dominated by Darlingtonia and with Gentiana setigera, Castilleja miniata ssp. elata, and Rudbeckia californica.
# Hathiyahi

Hathiyahi is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4419 people living in 783 individual households.
# Hatchet

A hatchet (from the Old French hachete, a diminutive form of hache, 'axe' of Germanic origin) is a single-handed striking tool with a sharp blade on one side used to cut and split wood, and a hammerhead on the other side. Hatchets may also be used for hewing when making flattened surfaces on logs; when the hatchet head is optimized for this purpose it is called a hewing hatchet.
Although hand axe and hatchet are often used interchangeably in contemporary usage, historically the nomenclature distinguishes two distinct classes of tools. All 19th and 20th century manufacturer and retailer literature unanimously separate hatches from hand axes, sometimes placing the former in a separate section of their product catalogs. Others might place the two categories separately but adjacent to each other.
A hand axe (also known by terms including "camp axe," "belt axe," "hunters axe" and others) is a short-handled woods tool. A hatchet is a short-handled construction trades tool with multipurpose head purposely designed for a given application. For this reason, hatchet handles are generally straight so that users can rotate them in their hand to switch from one head feature to the other.
The most common hatchet head patterns are the carpenter's hatchet, roofing/shingling hatchet and lathing/drywall hatchet.
"Hatchet" was used to describe a small battle axe in Middle English.
"Burying the hatchet" is a phrase meaning "making peace," attributed to an Iroquois tradition of hiding or putting away a tomahawk after a peace agreement.
# COT

A cot is a camp bed or infant bed.
Cot or COT may also refer to:

## In arts and entertainment

* Chicago Opera Theater, an opera company

## In mathematics, science, and technology

* Car of Tomorrow, a car design used in NASCAR racing
* Cost of transport, an energy calculation
* Cottage developed from the word cot, which can be seen in various forms in other languages meaning a tent / hut e.g. Goahti and Kohte
* Cotangent, a trigonometric function, written as "cot"
* Cyclooctatetraene, an unsaturated hydrocarbon
* Finger cot, a hygienic cover for a single finger
* Chain-of-thought prompting, a method of engineering language model prompts

## In government and military use

* Colombian Time, the time zone used in Colombia (UTC−05:00)
* Comando de Operações Táticas, a Brazilian counter-terrorism force
* Commitments of Traders Report, US market report
* Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, in the UK
* RAF Cottesmore Flying Training Unit, United Kingdom (ICAO airline designator)

## People

* Cot (surname)
* Cot Deal (1923–2013), American baseball pitcher and coach

## Other uses

* Coatesville station, Amtrak station code
* Cot Valley, Cornwall, England
* Cottingley railway station, National Rail station code
* Malbec grapes, known in the Loire Valley as Côt
* Club Olympique des Transports, a football club based in Tunis, Tunisia
# Gwinnett Majic

The Gwinnett Majic is a semi-professional basketball team based in Gwinnett, Georgia, USA. Founded in 2009 as the Buford Majic, the team changed in 2010 with their move to Gwinnett.

## History

The Majic competed in the World Basketball Association (WBA) for four seasons (2009–12), winning the league championship three times. (2009, 2010, 2011).
The team was on hiatus from 2012 until fall 2014 when it was announced it would return to compete in the IBA as a "branding team" with three other southern-based teams.
# Dan Comiskey

Dan Comiskey (born June 30, 1972) is a former Canadian football offensive lineman, turned professional speaker, who played 13 seasons for the Saskatchewan Roughriders, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Edmonton Eskimos, and Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted in the fifth round of the 1997 CFL Draft by the Roughriders. He played CIS football for the Windsor Lancers.
On Tuesday, May 18, 2010 it was announced that Comiskey had signed a contract with the Calgary Stampeders.
# Görgülü

Görgülü is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ferhat Görgülü (born 1991), Dutch footballer of Turkish descent
* Sercan Görgülü (born 1960), Turkish footballer
# France 1

France 1 may refer to:
* FR-1 (satellite), a French satellite also known as France 1
* France 1 (ship) a weather ship preserved at La Rochelle
* Outre-Mer 1ère, a France Télévisions network
* TF1, French TV network privatized in 1987
# Hypodoxa horridata

Hypodoxa horridata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Australia, including New South Wales.
# Harlan G. Palmer

Harlan G. Palmer (1885-1956) was a politician, judge, and newspaper publisher in Los Angeles County, California, in the early 20th century.

## Early life

He was born on March 19, 1885, in Le Roy, Minnesota, and attended the University of Minnesota. He purchased a weekly newspaper in Leroy and edited it for two years, then took his invalid father's place as head of a retail lumber and coal business.

## Career

Palmer came to California in 1911 and immediately purchased the weekly Hollywood Citizen. In the fall he enrolled in the University of California Law School and passed the state bar examination in 1913. He was the first attorney to set up practice in Hollywood, a small city ten miles east of Los Angeles.
In 1910 Hollywood was merged with the city of Los Angeles, and in 1915, Palmer was appointed one of the six judges of the Los Angeles Justice Court, which is now part of the municipal court system. He was elected to the same post in 1918 but resigned when the conversion of his newspaper to daily publication required more of his time.
He became a member of the city's Board of Water and Power Commissioners and later was a special attorney for the Los Angeles City Council during an investigation of that board.
He ran for Los Angeles County district attorney against the incumbent, Buron Fitts, and received 48.5 percent of the votes cast.
In his years as publisher, the Citizen-News campaigned against gambling and alleged police payoffs.

## Personal life

Palmer died in Los Angeles on July 25, 1956. He was survived by his wife, Ethelyn H. Palmer, and their children, Harlan Jr., Byron, Ralph, and Peggy. He had three siblings, William J., Orlando T., and Zuma Palmer. He is buried in Hollywood Cemetery.
# City of Thorns: Nine Lives in the World's Largest Refugee Camp

City of Thorns: Nine Lives in the World's Largest Refugee Camp is a history biography nonfiction work published in 2016 by Picador in the UK and Thorndike Press in the US, and written by author, journalist Ben Rawlence. Generally, the book follows the stories of nine people narratively through their respective journeys through Dadaab, the world's largest refugee camp, home to about 350,000 people (although the exact number is unknown and contentious).

## Description

The book's thesis can be summarized in that "the quintessential refugee experience is not so much of movement as [of] being stuck, physically and psychologically, individually and collectively."
"Located on Kenya’s border with Somalia, Dadaab was established in 1992 to house around 90,000 refugees from the civil war there. Since then it has grown into a large sprawling city in the parched desert where generations of Somali refugees are born and where the majority of those will die."
Among the characters followed throughout the book is Guled, a boy who grew up in war-torn Mogadishu, who was kidnapped and escaped from al Shabaab (an extremist terror organization); Nisho, born as his parents were fleeing Somalia in 1991 and clever Muna, who benefited from the free schooling offered at the camp. Her own strong will and education helped her to defy the strictures of her clan. "It is through their individual stories, their efforts to claw out tolerable lives, find work, have children, remain healthy, that Rawlence has built his remarkable book."

## Reception

According to the Guardian review, City of Thorns is a "remarkable book comes as a timely reminder that the vast majority of the world’s refugee population will never see European shores,"
A New York Times article by Caroline Moorehead states that the book "is a deeply disturbing and depressing portrait of the violence, destitution, fear, sense of hopelessness and neglect in which a large number of the world’s estimated 60 million forcibly displaced people now live."
The Foreign Policy Association has recommended the book for its Spring 2019 "Great Decisions" program on Refugees and Global Migration.
# Hatchet (disambiguation)

A hatchet is a type of small axe.
Hatchet may also refer to:

## Media
### Film

* Hatchet (film series), an American slasher film franchise
** Hatchet (film), a 2006 slasher film
** Hatchet II, a 2010 sequel to the first film
** Hatchet III, a 2013 sequel and third installment of the series

### Written works

* Hatchet (novel), written in 1987 by Gary Paulsen
* The Hatchet, a 1930 novel by Mihail Sadoveanu
* The GW Hatchet, university publication

### Music

* Hatchet (band), an American thrash metal band
* Psychopathic Records, often referred to as The Hatchet due to the label's logo design
* "Hatchet" (Low song), a song by Low

## Other uses

* Hatchet, Alabama, a community in the United States
* Hatchet ribozyme, an RNA structure
* Hatchet (Transformers), a Decepticon in the Transformers fictional universe
# C22H25N3O2

The molecular formula C$_{22}$H$_{25}$N$_3$O$_2$ may refer to:
* Baxdrostat
* Bucindolol