OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Humboldt-Schule

Humboldt-Schule may refer to any number of schools named after Alexander von Humboldt:
In Germany:
* Humboldtschule Bad Homburg
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Bad Pyrmont
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Berlin-Tegel (DE)
* Humboldtschule Bremerhaven, Oberschule (DE)
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Düsseldorf (DE)
* Humboldt-Realschule Eppelheim
* Humboldt-Schule Erfurt (DE)
* Frida-Levy-Gesamtschule (formerly Humboldtschule Essen, städt. Gymnasium) (DE)
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Gifhorn (DE)
* Humboldtschule Hannover (DE)
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Karlsruhe (DE)
* Humboldt-Schule Kiel (DE)
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Köln (DE)
* Humboldt-Schule (Leipzig) [de], a secondary school in Leipzig today known as "Humboldt-Schule, Gymnasium der Stadt Leipzig", originally called "Humboldtschule"
* Humboldtschule Magdeburg, formerly Domgymnasium Magdeburg (DE)
* Humboldt Gymnasium Nordhausen
* Humboldtschule Offenbach am Main, Grundschule
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Radeberg (DE)
* Humboldtgymnasium Solingen (DE)
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Trier (DE)
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Ulm (DE)
* Humboldt-Gymnasium Weimar (DE)
Historic schools:
Schools outside of Germany:
* Colegio Humboldt or Humboldt-Schule (Costa Rica)
* Colégio Humboldt São Paulo
* Deutsche Humboldtschule Guayaquil
# Chris Nickols

Air Marshal Christopher Mark Nickols, CB, CBE, FRAeS, DL (born 23 July 1956) is a retired senior officer in the Royal Air Force, whose final appointment was Chief of Defence Intelligence. Prior to that he served as Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Operations).

## RAF career

Educated at St Edmund's School in Canterbury and having read engineering at Downing College, Cambridge, Nickols joined the Royal Air Force in 1974. He served as a pilot, flying Jaguars in Germany for 9 years before becoming Officer Commanding No. 2 Squadron in 1993. He was appointed Director of the UK Combined Air Operations Centre in 1997, Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff at Permanent Joint Headquarters at Northwood during the Kosovo War and then Station Commander at RAF Lossiemouth in 2000. He was also Air Commodore Offensive Operations at Headquarters No. 1 Group, and was Director of the Combined Air Operations Centre for four months in 2003 during the Iraq War. He was made Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Operations) in 2005 and Chief of Defence Intelligence in 2009.
Nickols is Chairman of the RAF Polo Association, and a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent.
# Criminal Justice Administration Act 1962

The Criminal Justice Administration Act 1962 (10 & 11 Eliz. 2. c. 15) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that modified the jurisdiction and process of the English criminal courts.

## Act

The Act was introduced in reaction to the report of the Streatfeild Committee on the Business of the Criminal Courts, which recommended changes to speed up criminal trials and reduce the long waiting times between hearings and trials. The Criminal Justice Administration Bill received strong support in both the House of Commons and House of Lords, allowing it to examine a variety of criminal justice problems. The Act was finally repealed in 1981 by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1981.
Section 1 of the Act increased the number of judges in the High Court of Justice from 48 to 53. 3 of the new judges were immediately assigned to the Queen's Bench Division, with the remaining two assigned to the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division. This provision sparked off debate in Parliament about the system of judicial appointments, particularly whether the increasing number of judges meant a dilution of the quality of the source (barristers) and if allowing solicitors to become members of the senior judiciary would be a good idea. This debate went no further at the time, however, and the only other changes relating directly to the judiciary were to abolish the practice of making Recorders pay for their own deputies.
Section 4 of the Act allowed for Quarter Sessions to sit continuously, not 4 times a year (once each "quarter"), although the minimum number of sitting remained as 4. This part of the Act also abolished the Quarter Sessions Appeal Committee, with appeal work being handled by the Quarter Sessions alone. The Act also allowed a Chairman of a Quarter Session outside London to deal with a case on his own if no other judges were available, something intended to help in places like Kent where Quarter Sessions were almost permanently in session and the lay justices tended to lose their enthusiasm. The Act also extended the jurisdiction of Quarter Sessions to cover bigamy, poaching and certain sexual offences, while Magistrates' Courts were given the ability to deal with certain burglary offences.
# Dennis K. Hays

Dennis K. Hays (born June 1, 1953) is an American diplomat who formerly served as the United States Ambassador to Suriname. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and was appointed by President Bill Clinton on March 22, 1996.
Hays received his bachelor's degree in American Studies from the University of Florida, and his master's degree in Public Administration from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government.
Hays is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service. He was first stationed at the U.S. embassy in Kingston as a vice consul and management officer. He would later serve in the Caribbean, Africa, and South America. Hays was the coordinator for Cuban Affairs from 1993 until he was appointed as Director of the Office for Mexican Affairs at the Department of State in 1996.
Hays was a recipient of a Christian Herter Award for his work as Cuba Coordinator. He also received the State Department's Superior Honor Award four times.
# Freundlich (crater)

Freundlich is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies midway between the craters Trumpler to the north-northwest and the irregular Buys-Ballot to the south-southeast. This crater has a circular rim that is more heavily eroded at the northern and southern ends. Groups of craters lie across the floor to the southeast and the north, and individual small craters lie elsewhere within the interior. The crater was named after Erwin Freundlich by the IAU in 1970.
The crater lies within the Freundlich-Sharonov Basin.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Freundlich.
| Freundlich | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| G | 24.5° N | 173.5° E | 25 km |
| Q | 22.7° N | 167.4° E | 17 km |
| R | 23.8° N | 167.8° E | 20 km |
# Euclidia triquetra

Euclidia triquetra is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in south-eastern Europe, as well as Kazakhstan, Anatolia eastern Siberia up to the Pacific Ocean. Its habitat consists of warm, dry areas.
The wingspan is 24–30 mm. Adults are on wing from mid April to June and from the end of July to August. There are two generations per year. They are active during the day.
The larvae feed on various Fabaceae species, including Astragalus and Onobrychis species.
# Eburneana wandae

Eburneana wandae is a species of jumping spider in the genus Eburneana that mimics ants. It was named by Tamás Szűts after the Polish arachnologist Wanda Wesołowska. The male of the species was first described in 2003, with the holotype found in the forests of central Africa. It is a relatively large spider, 8.2 millimetres (0.32 in) long, and is distinguished from the similar Eburneana scharffi by its different geography, being found in Cameroon rather than Tanzania, and the shape of the spider's front legs.

## Taxonomy

Eburneana wandae is a species of jumping spider that was first named by Tamás Szűts in 2003. The genus is named for Litus Eburneum, the Latin name for Ivory Coast, the place where one of the members of the genus, Eburneana magna was first found. The species is named in honour of Wanda Wesołowska, one of more than 20 species named for the Polish arachnologist. In 2015, the genus was added to the subclade Saltafresia in the clade Salticoida based on the analysis of 8 genes. In 2017, it was added to the supergroup Hylloida by Jerzy Prószyński.

## Description

A large ant-like spider, Eburneana wandae has a flat and slender body that is 8.2 millimetres (0.32 in) long. Only the male has been described. It has a dark brown carapace covered in short thin grey hairs that measures 4.4 millimetres (0.17 in) long and 2.2 millimetres (0.087 in) wide. The abdomen is also dark brown and measures 3.0 millimetres (0.12 in) long and 2.0 millimetres (0.079 in) wide. The female of the species has yet to be described, but the female of the genus is generally slightly smaller than the male. For example, the female of the related species Eburneana scharffi, found in Tanzania, has a carapace that is between 0.7 and 0.9 millimetres (0.028 and 0.035 in) shorter than the male.
The spider is distinguished from other members of genus by the shape of the palpus and position of the embolus base. Compared to the male Eburneana scharffi specifically, the spider can be identified by the shape of the front legs and the less robust chelicerae. The genus shares some similarities with other ant-mimicking jumping spiders, particularly with front legs that are similar to members of the family Pelleninae.

## Distribution

Eburneana wandae is the only member of the genus that is endemic to Cameroon. The holotype was found in the Reservé Forestier Makak, in the forest near a river.
# Hydros

Hydros may refer to:
* HYDROS (Hydrosphere State), a planned satellite mission and predecessor of the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite, providing measurements of soil-moisture and freeze thaw state
* Hydros, a fictional ocean planet in The Face of the Waters by Robert Silverberg
# Dudley Narborough

Frederick Dudley Vaughan Narborough (called Dudley; 13 June 1895–21 January 1966) was an eminent Anglican bishop in the mid-twentieth century.
Educated at Norwich School and Worcester College, Oxford; he was deaconed at Michaelmastide 1921 (18 September) and priested the next Michaelmas (24 September 1922) — both times by Hubert Burge, Bishop of Oxford, at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, and began his ecclesiastical career as Chaplain at his old college. After this he was Resident Chaplain to Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury; a Canon Residentiary at Bristol Cathedral; and then Provost of Southwark Cathedral before a 20-year spell as Bishop of Colchester. Until 1959, he was also Archdeacon of Colchester, after then he was also an honorary canon of Chelmsford Cathedral. He was consecrated a bishop on All Saints' Day 1946 (1 November) at Westminster Abbey;
# Chris Nickson

Chris Nickson (born 1954) is a British writer, novelist, music journalist, and biographer.

## Biography

Nickson was born in Leeds, West Yorkshire, but lived in the United States from the age of 21, returning to the UK in 2005. As a music journalist, he specialised in world and roots music. For several years he wrote a regular column for Global Rhythm magazine, and wrote The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to World Music. He contributes interviews and reviews to several music magazines and websites. He has written biographies of celebrities including Emma Thompson, Ewan McGregor, Mariah Carey, Soundgarden Ozzy Osbourne David Duchovny and Christopher Reeve. His biography of the late singer-songwriter John Martyn, Solid Air, published in 2006 was published as an ebook and as a paperback in June 2011.
In 2010, Nickson published his first novel, The Broken Token, set in Leeds in 1731. The next novel in the series, Cold Cruel Winter was published in the UK in May 2011 (September in the US), with the third, The Constant Lovers, published in 2012. All are part of the now longer Richard Nottingham series in the historical fiction/mystery genre. In May 2018, the Richard Nottingham series consisted of eight books, with Free from All Danger the most recent (published in February 2018).
Two books take place in Leeds in the 1950s: Dark Briggate Blues (2015) and its sequel, The New Eastgate Swing (2016); both feature private investigator Dan Markham.
Nickson's DI Tom Harper series which takes place in Leeds in the 1890s, now includes six books, with Tin God the most recent (published March 2018). According to Kirkus Reviews, this is "an excellent character-driven [police] procedural". The end of the Tom Harper series was marked by a special exhibition in Leeds. Both series are published by Severn House.
The Chesterfield series, published by The History Press, which takes place in England of the 1360s, consisted of three books. Another series, featuring WPC Lottie Armstrong in Leeds of the 20th Century, includes two books, Modern Crimes, published in September 2017 and The Year of the Gun, in February 2018 by The History Press.
Nickson's Web site discusses two other books published by The History Press, The Dead on Leave which takes place in England in 1936 and features war veteran Detective Sergeant Urban Raven and The Hanging Psalm, the first in a new series, featuring Simon Westow, a thief-taker in Leeds in 1820. Nickson also mentions the Seattle Mysteries, Emerald City and West Seattle Blues, featuring music journalist Laura Benton, available as audio books and e-books.
Most of Nickson's novels are set in and around Leeds. In 2015, he completed Leeds, the Biography: A History of Leeds in Short Stories which was published by Armley Press.
# German submarine U-308

German submarine U-308 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The U-boat was laid down on 5 November 1941 at the Flender Werke in Lübeck as yard number 308, launched on 31 October 1942 and commissioned on 23 December 1942 under the command of Leutnant zur See Karl Mühlenpfordt.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-308 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-308 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

With a crew of forty-four, U-308 carried out one patrol and did not sink or damage any ships. She was sunk with all hands on this patrol in the Norwegian Sea north-east of the Faroe Islands by torpedoes from the British submarine HMS Truculent on 4 June 1943.
# Criminal Justice Act 1967

The Criminal Justice Act 1967 (c. 80) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Section 9 allows uncontroversial witness statements to be read in court instead of having to call the witness to give live testimony in the courtroom, if it will not be necessary to challenge their evidence in cross-examination. The rule in section 9 was not new in 1967; it was a re-enactment of a law which had previously appeared in the Criminal Justice Act 1925 and the Criminal Justice Act 1948.
Section 13 removed the requirement for unanimous verdicts and permitted majority verdicts for juries in England and Wales. (This section was repealed and replaced by the Juries Act 1974.)
Sections 39 to 42 introduced the ability for courts to suspend a sentence.
Section 89 makes it an offence to lie in a witness statement (since perjury only applies to lies told in court).
# Dennis K.J. Lin

Dennis K.J. Lin is a Taiwanese-American statistician who works in design of experiments, quality assurance, data mining, and data science.

## Education and early life

He was born in Taiwan and obtained a bachelor's degree (in mathematics) in June 1981 from National Tsing-Hua University, ROC. He received a Ph.D. (in statistics) in December 1988 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, with a minor in computer science.

## Career and research

From 1995 to 2020, Lin worked as a statistician for Pennsylvania State University, and became a university distinguished professor. Since July 2020, he has been the head at the department of statistics at Purdue University.
Lin published a total of over 200 papers in professional journals.
Lin is known for his contributions to the design of experiments, industrial statistics and Ghost Data.

## Professional fellowships

* Elected Fellow, Institute of Mathematical Statistics (2013)
* Elected Fellow, American Society for Quality (2006)
* Elected Fellow, American Statistical Association (1998)
* Elected Member, International Statistical Institute (1994)
* (Elected) Fellow, Royal Statistical Society (1988)
# David Goldman (businessman)

Alan David Goldman MBE (27 February 1937 – 26 October 1999) was a co-founder of the Sage Group, the United Kingdom's largest software business.

## Career

Born in Sunderland on 27 February 1937, David Goldman trained as an accountant before moving into sales and marketing: then for 20 years he managed a small printing business known as Campbell Graphics. In 1981 together with Graham Wylie, an undergraduate at Newcastle University, and Paul Muller, an American consultant, he established Sage to market a financial accounting system for small businesses. In 1984, Sage launched an accounts software package for the new Amstrad PCW computer. This led to a major expansion of the business.
David Goldman was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1992. In 1993 Goldman was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) from Sunderland University.
Goldman retired as Sage chief executive in 1994 and as chairman in 1997. Goldman was appointed non-executive chairman of BATM Advanced Communications in 1996.
Goldman was a significant Labour Party donor in the 1997 United Kingdom general election.

## Death

Goldman died on 26 October 1999 after a long illness. A number of endowments to North East institutions were made in Goldman's name including to Newcastle University Business School, Sunderland University and the Sage Gateshead. Goldman was survived by his wife Cynthia and two sons – Andrew and Daniel.
# Frederick Savage (engineer)

Frederick Savage (3 March 1828 – 27 April 1897) was an English engineer and inventor.
Savage is most notable as a chief innovator in the field of steam powered fairground machinery and later as mayor of Kings Lynn, Norfolk. He was the inventor of a system for running fairground carousels using a horizontally-mounted steam engine at its centre. His carousels were exported all over the world. By 1870, he was manufacturing carousels with velocipedes (an early type of bicycle) and he soon began experimenting with other possibilities, including a roundabout with boats that would pitch and roll on cranks with a circular motion, a ride he called 'Sea-on-Land'.
Savage applied a similar innovation to the more traditional mount of the horse; he installed gears and offset cranks on the platform carousels, thus giving the animals their well-known up-and-down motion as they travelled around the center pole – the "galloping horse". The platform served as a position guide for the bottom of the pole and as a place for people to walk or other stationary animals or chariots to be placed. He called this ride the 'Platform Gallopers'. He also developed the 'platform-slide' which allowed the mounts to swing out concentrically as the carousel built up speed.

## Biography

Savage was born in Hevingham, Norfolk, during the reign of George IV, a period in which agriculture in the UK was at a low ebb. His early years provided him with a patchy education and he remained only semi-literate throughout his life. When his father, William Savage, was found guilty of poaching (a serious matter at that time), resulting in a sentence of 14 years penal servitude in Tasmania, Frederick’s work as a hurdle-maker on a local country estate proved inadequate to feed the family. In search of a better way of life, Savage entered the service of Thomas Cooper, Whitesmith and Machine Maker.
Savage married Susannah Bloyce in 1850. He also sought employment with Charles Willett of Kings Lynn, credited as a brazier, tinplate worker, ironmonger, wholesale and retail dealer, whitesmith and bell hanger. In 1851, Savage move to King’s Lynn on the west Norfolk coast with his wife.
Shortly after this, Willet retired, allowing Savage to begin his own operations. His new company produced engines to power agricultural machinery, as well as engines for carousels and merry-go-rounds. In 1872, Savage moved the business to St Nicholas Ironworks in King’s Lynn.
Savage was appointed a Justice of the Peace (JP) and was appointed Mayor of Kings Lynn from 1889 to 1890. A monument to him in his mayoral robes was unveiled on 27 May 1892 in King's Lynn, and is found at the junction of London Road and Guanock Place. The statue received national attention when British artist Banksy added a faux tongue and ice cream to the monument, as part of the A Great British Spraycation series of artworks. These articles were later removed by King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough Council. Savage died in 1897.
# Eupithecia vana

Eupithecia vana is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in China, where it is known from the Shaanxi and Henan provinces. The species is on wing from mid-April to mid-May, and again from early to late August.
# Eburnean orogeny

The Eburnean orogeny, or Eburnean cycle, was a series of tectonic, metamorphic and plutonic events in what is now West Africa during the Paleoproterozoic era about 2200–2000 million years ago. During this period the Birimian domain in West Africa was established and structured.
Eburnian faults are found in the Eglab shield to the north of the West African craton and in the Man Shield to the south of the craton. There is evidence of three major Eburnean magmatic events in the Eglab shield. Between 2210 and 2180 Ma, a metamorphosed batholith was formed in the Lower Reguibat Complex (LRC). Around 2090 Ma, a syntectonic trondhjemitic pluton intruded into the Archaean reelects of the Chegga series. Around 2070 Ma an asthenospheric upwelling released a large volume of post-orogenic magmas. Eburnian trends within the Eglab shield were repeatedly reactivated from the Neoproterozoic to the Mesozoic.
# Hypena malagasy

Hypena malagasy is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Pierre Viette in 1968. It is native to central eastern Madagascar.
This species has a wingspan of 34 mm. The basic colour of its wings is violet brown or chocolate brown.
# Huger, South Carolina

Huger (locally /ˈhuːdʒi/ HOO-jee) is an unincorporated community in Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States. It is part of the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The ZIP Code for Huger is 29450.
The Cainhoy Historic District, Middleburg Plantation, Pompion Hill Chapel, Quinby Plantation House-Halidon Hill Plantation, and White Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Christenberry

Christenberry is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Herbert William Christenberry (1897–1975), American judge
* William Christenberry (1936–2016), American photographer, painter, sculptor, and teacher