OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cook Islands Shipping Co Ltd v Colson Builders Ltd

Cook Islands Shipping Co Ltd v Colson Builders Ltd [1975] 1 NZLR 422 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding performance of an existing contractual duty to a promisor in economic duress. This case reinforces the English case of Stilk v Myrick (1809) 2 Camp 317; 170 ER 1168

## Background

In 1971, Colson Builders were building a new hangar for Air New Zealand in Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. For the build, they needed 1,800 tons of building materials to be shipped from Portland Oregon, consisting mainly of cement and steel.
CIS quoted $4,463 for the shipping of the 158 tons of the steel required for the project, which CIS had quoted by using a "deadweight" basis. However, the steel for the project was prefabricated sections, which were far more bulky than plain flat steel, and so more onerous to the shipper, and so informed Colson that they would need to pay $13,265.39 for the freight.

## Held

The court held that the increased price was economic duress, and so not legally enforceable.
# Conospermum distichum

Conospermum distichum is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with ascending, thread-like leaves, and spikes of woolly white, tube-shaped flowers with blue bracteoles.

## Description

Conospermum distichum is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 80 cm (31 in). It has scattered, ascending, glabrous, thread-like leaves 35–85 mm (1.4–3.3 in) long and 0.4–0.75 mm (0.016–0.030 in) wide at the base of the plant. The flowers are arranged in spikes in upper leaf axils on a peduncle 15–70 mm (0.59–2.76 in) long. The bracteoles are blue, egg-shaped, 2.2–3.2 mm (0.087–0.126 in) long, 1.7–2.5 mm (0.067–0.098 in) wide, and hairy at the sides and base. The perianth is white, forming a tube 4.0–7.5 mm (0.16–0.30 in) long. The upper lip is blue, egg-shaped, 1.8–3 mm (0.071–0.118 in) long and 1.0–1.7 mm (0.039–0.067 in) wide, the lower lip joined for 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) long with lobes 0.4–0.8 mm (0.016–0.031 in) long. Flowering occurs from August to November, and the fruit is a nut 1.8–2.8 mm (0.071–0.110 in) long and 1.6–1.9 mm (0.063–0.075 in) wide and orange-brown, with velvety hairs.

## Taxonomy

Conospermum densiflorum was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. The specific epithet (distichum) means 'in two rows', referring to the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of Conospermum grows in sandy soil on dunes, granite outcrops and roadsides, in near-coastal areas between Ravensthorpe and Mount Ragged in Cape Arid National Park in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains and Mallee bioregions of southern Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Conospermum distichum is list as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Chicoreus austramosus

Chicoreus austramosus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Description

Size 4–6 cm

## Distribution

Durban, Rep. South Africa
# Charles, Dead or Alive

Charles, Dead or Alive (French: Charles mort ou vif) is a 1969 Swiss drama film directed by Alain Tanner.

## Plot

Produced in reaction to the Protests of 1968, it describes the mid-life crisis of a businessman who decides to drop out of mainstream capitalist life and takes up with couple living a marginal existence on the fringe of society. Meanwhile his daughter has been caught up in a wave of student protest. According to Alison Smith, the Swiss director Tanner translated the May 1968 events in France to Switzerland, hoping for a similar upheaval in his own country, and in the film creating an imaginary student revolt in a society that in reality did not experience the turmoil or revolutionary possibility facing France in May 1968.

## Cast

* François Simon
* Marcel Robert
* Marie-Claire Dufour
* Jean-Luc Bideau

## Reception
### Awards

1969 Locarno International Film Festival
* Won: Golden Leopard
# Charles, Duke of Berry

Charles, Duke of Berry may refer to:
* Charles VII of France (1403–1461) was previously Charles, Duke of Berry
* Charles de Valois, Duke of Berry (1446–1472), son of Charles VII of France
* Charles de France, Duke of Berry (1686–1714), grandson of Louis XIV of France
* Charles X of France (1757–1836) was previously Charles, Duke of Berry
* Charles Ferdinand (d'Artois), Duke of Berry (1778–1820), son of Charles X of France
# Galashiels Open

The Galashiels Open was a men's and women's grass court tennis tournament founded in 1884 early editions of the singles events were called the Galashiels Championship. It was organised by Gala Lawn Tennis Club, and played at the Mossilee Cricket Ground, Galashiels Scotland through till 1920 when it was discontinued as a stand-alone event.

## History

The first Gala Lawn Tennis Club was founded in 1884. That year it held the first Galashiels Open tournament, that featured three events men's singles and doubles and a mixed doubles event. In 1886 the event featured Wimbledon player George Kerr. The tournament organisd by the Gala Club was usually played at the Galashiels Cricket Club Mossilee Cricket Ground. In 1895 the tournament was held in conjunction with the first Border Lawn Tennis Championships (1895–1965) until the early 1900s. That tournament moved to be played on cinder courts (clay) at Langhaugh Gardens, Galashiels circa. 1905. The tournament continued till around 1920.

## Finals
### Men's singles

(Incomplete roll)
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1884 | Alfred Aitken Thomson | S.C. Knott | 6–5, 6–1, 6–2. |
| 1886 | Arthur John Neville Story | George Kerr | 7–9, 6–4, 6–2, 7–9, 6–0. |
| 1887 | Richard Millar Watson | James Hill Conyers | 6–3, 6–1, 6–1. |

### Men's doubles

(Incomplete roll)
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1884 | E.M. Inglis S.C. Knott | Alex Buchanan Forrester John Thomson | 3–6, 6–3, 6–3, 7–9, 6–4. |
| 1887 | Arthur John Neville Story Richard Millar Watson | Kenneth Sanderson James Hill Conyers | 6–4, 6–3, 6–4. |

### Mixed doubles

(Incomplete roll)
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1884 | Alfred Aitken Thomson Miss. Ness | W. Smith Miss Ash | 6–3, 3–6, 6–4. |
# Gailey railway station

Gailey railway station was a railway station built by the Grand Junction Railway in 1837.$^{:29}$ It served the small village of Gailey, Staffordshire, 7 miles north of Wolverhampton City Centre, and was located near to the junction of the A5 and A449 roads.
The original name of the station was Spread Eagle railway station, and was named after a nearby pub. It was renamed Gailey in 1881.
The station closed in 1951, although the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line loop from the West Coast Main Line still runs through the site of the station today.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Four Ashes | London and North Western Railway former Grand Junction Railway | Penkridge |
# Charles Bridges (theologian)

Charles Bridges (24 March 1794 – 2 April 1869) was an Anglican preacher and theologian, and a leader of that denomination's Evangelical Party. As a preacher he was well regarded by his contemporaries, but is remembered today for his literary contributions.

## Education and ministry

Educated at Queens' College, Cambridge, he was ordained in 1817 and served from 1823 to 1849 as vicar of Old Newton, Suffolk. Thomas Chalmers wrote,
   My excellent friend, the Rev. Charles Bridges, of Old Newton, Suffolk, finds, I am sure, most ample occupation among those six hundred people whom he may be said to have domesticated into one parochial family; and, were it not for his still more important services to the Christian church at large, would show, by his incessant labours, how possible it were to make out a most beneficial expenditure of all his strength and all his time amongst them.
In 1849, he became vicar of Weymouth, Dorset, later serving as vicar of Hinton Martell, Dorset (c. 1857). Bridges participated (with J. C. Ryle) in the Clerical Conference at Weston-super-Mare of 1858, and also participated in the consecration of the Bishop of Carlisle in York Minster in 1860.

## Personal life

Bridges was married to Harriet Torlesse, with whom he had at least two sons, the second of whom was physician John Henry Bridges, BA BM Oxon FRCP (1832–1906).

## Literary works

At least twenty-four editions of Bridges' Exposition of Psalm 119 (1827) were published in his lifetime. C. H. Spurgeon considered the commentary to be "worth its weight in gold". Spurgeon also pronounced Bridges' Exposition of Proverbs (1840) "The best work on the Proverbs".
# Chapter XII of the United Nations Charter

Chapter XII of the United Nations Charter deals with the international trusteeship system. It reaffirms the twin goals mentioned in Chapter XI to "promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence". It also provides that the trusteeship system applies to:
* territories now held under mandate;
* territories which may be detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War; and
* territories voluntarily placed under the system by states responsible for their administration.
Application is not automatic, but the trusteeship system is not imposed by the Charter on any territories. Its application is left to subsequent agreements between the states directly concerned. Although there are no territories administered under this system today, a country could theoretically place one of its territories under the trusteeship system. Articles 82-85 make reference to "strategic areas" of territories.
The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become members of the United Nations, only among those of sovereign equality.
Article 79 of Chapter XII has been criticized for its ambiguous language.
# Gangkiz

Gangkiz (Korean: 갱키즈) was a South Korean girl group formed by Core Contents Media. Consisting of members Jihyun, Sooeun, Hae-in, Somin, Eunbyul, Esther, and Hyeji, the group debuted in May 2012, with their first extended play, We Became Gang. In April 2013, it was revealed that all members, with the exception of Esther and Hyeji, had departed the group. The remaining members are presumed to have disbanded sometime in 2014. No official announcement regarding the group's dissolution was ever made.

## Career
### 2012: We Became Gang and MAMA

Gangkiz was originally created by Core Contents Media, but later moved to a subsidiary label, GM Contents Media, before their debut. The group officially debuted on May 15, 2012 with the release of their debut album We Became Gang. They held their debut live performance on May 18 through KBS Music Bank. Gangkiz released a seven-part music video for their debut song "Honey Honey", which is described as an "upgraded version of T-ara's "Roly-Poly" and "Lovey-Dovey" with a more mature concept".
The group released a repackaged mini-album titled "MAMA" on June 26, 2012. The music video for "MAMA" was released on June 22, 2012. The group was transferred from GM Contents Media back to Core Contents Media in October 2012.

### 2013–2014 Member Departures and Disbandment

With no releases for the remainder of 2012, Gangkiz was scheduled to make a comeback in early 2013. However, after opening CCM's official fancafé, it was revealed that most of the original line-up had quietly withdrawn from the group, and that only Esther and Hyeji remained. Haein subsequently confirmed her departure. In 2014, Hyeji's Twitter account was deleted, Esther's went inactive, and the group's official fancafé was shut down. Although Core Contents Media has never released an official statement, the group is believed to have completely disbanded.

## Members

* Jihyun (지현)
* Choi Soo-eun (수은)
* Lee Hae-in (해인)
* Somin (소민)
* Jo Eun-byul (은별)
* Esther (에스더)
* Hyeji (혜지)

## Discography
### Extended plays

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR | Sales |
| We Became Gang | Released: May 16, 2012 Label: GM Contents Media Formats: CD, digital download Track listing Honey Honey 오늘밤 (Tonight) 슈퍼러브 (SUPER LOVE) 쉿 (Shh) 난 이별을 모를래요 (I Would Never Think of Goodbye) | 15 | KOR: 3,000 |
| MAMA (We Became Gang repackaged) | Released: June 25, 2012 Label: GM Contents Media Formats: CD, digital download Track listing MAMA Honey Honey 오늘밤 (Tonight) 슈퍼러브 (SUPER LOVE) 쉿 (Shh) 난 이별을 모를래요 (I Would Never Think of Goodbye) | 22 | KOR: 1,182 |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | KOR Gaon | KOR Billboard | Album |
| "Honey Honey" | 2012 | 167 | — | We Became Gang |
| "MAMA" | 2012 | 106 | 95 | MAMA |
| "—" denotes release did not chart. |||||

## Videography
### Music videos

| Year | Title | Length |
| 2012 | Honey Honey (Europe Ver.) | 7:18 |
| 2012 | Honey Honey (Lipsync Ver.) | 3:03 |
| 2012 | Honey Honey (Dance Ver.) | 4:54 |
| 2012 | Mama (Drama Ver.) | 5:01 |
| 2012 | Mama (Dance Ver.) | 3:35 |
# Gagan Ajit Singh

Gagan Ajit Singh (born 9 December 1980) is an Indian former field hockey player who played as a forward. He was the captain of the India national under-21 team that won the 2001 Junior World Cup. He was a member of the Indian senior national team at the 2000 Sydney and 2004 Athens Olympic Games.

## Biography

Gagan Ajit Singh was born on 9 December 1980 in Firozpur, a city in the Indian State of Punjab. His father Ajit Singh was also an Olympian and played for India at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. His uncle Harmik Singh is another Olympian. Gagan Ajit was educated at the Union Academy Senior Secondary School and Jamia Millia Islamia in New Delhi.
Singh trained in hockey at the Government Arts and Sports College in Jalandhar in 1995. In 1997, he was selected by New Delhi's Air India Hockey Academy to compete in the junior national tournament. Singh scored 26 goals and emerged as the tournament's top-scorer. He captained the side in 1999.
Singh made his senior national debut in 1997 during a test series against Russia. Singh played at the 2000 and the 2004 Summer Olympics, with India finishing in seventh place on both occasions. Singh was the top-scorer for India with seven goals in the latter competition.
# Giga Single

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Abcdr du Son | favorable |
| Les Inrockuptibles | favorable |
| UKHH | favorable |
Giga Single is a compilation album released by American hip hop record label Anticon in 2001.

## Critical reception

Brian Coleman of CMJ New Music Monthly said: "Ranging from the mellow, soul-searching posse manifesto 'We Ain't Fessin'' to Buck 65's Dr. Octagon-ish 'Pen Thief' and Controller 7's excellent instrumental workout, 'Heckles From The Peanut Gallery,' Anticon's strength is obviously its range, with a thread of intelligence, humility and imagination running at all times."
# Giga Wing Generations

GigaWing Generations, released in Japan as Yokushin: GigaWing Generations (翼神 Gigawing Generations), is a 2004 vertically scrolling shooter arcade game developed by Takumi and published by Taito on their Taito Type X arcade system board. It was ported to the PlayStation 2 console in 2005.

## Gameplay

Gameplay continues from Giga Wing and Giga Wing 2. Generations has no characters to pilot the 4 selectable planes and no storyline. Each ship varies in ability more drastically than they do in previous Giga Wing games including flight speed and shot type. The player now selects which stage (out of two) to tackle first (in previous Giga Wings the plane choice affected the starting stage). The distinctive Reflect Force attack remains a major part of gameplay, though the new Reflect Laser from Giga Wing 2 was removed for Generations. A major addition is the ability to gain additional points from defeating enemies at close range. Generations is also the first and only Takumi scrolling shooter to use a vertically-oriented monitor (with standard player-controlled vertical scrolling).
In 2-player mode, both player shares the same multiplier, which allows players to reach score levels otherwise impossible to achieve in single player mode.

## Ports

The later PlayStation 2 version added score attack mode, and the ability to change monitor settings. Strangely, the framerate of the PlayStation 2 port is lower than the arcade game. This version was released in Japan and Europe.
# Cirrus Insight

35°47′03″N 78°38′57″W﻿ / ﻿35.784147°N 78.649165°W﻿ / 35.784147; -78.649165
Cirrus Insight is a customer relationship management (CRM) platform that integrates Salesforce with third-party services, including Gmail and Microsoft's Office 365. The application was the first on Salesforce's AppExchange application marketplace to integrate Gmail with Salesforce.com, and it was the top-ranked application on the site for five months in 2012.

## Functionality

Cirrus Insight's core functionality is to integrate Google's Gmail email service with Salesforce's customer relationship management program. Features include the ability to track Gmail emails and attachments in Salesforce, view Salesforce information in Gmail and other Google Apps, synchronize the Salesforce and Google calendars, and add the user's Google Contacts to Salesforce.

## History

Cirruspath was founded by Ryan Huff and Brandon Bruce, two friends who met while at University of California, Santa Barbara. Their first product was Cirrus Insight, launched in 2011, and it was inspired by the existing tools for Microsoft Outlook integration with Salesforce.
In 2013, the company released an iOS mobile application, Cirrus Insight Mobile, to support mobile users. Also in 2013, Cirrus Insight partnered with UberConference to integrate conference calls through email chains. The integration eliminated the need for Salesforce and Cirrus Insight customers to dial in and use PINs for conference calls.
In May 2014, Cirruspath announced Cirrus Files, a program designed to allow the integration of Google Drive with Salesforce.
In June 2014, Cirruspath announced two new products for Cirrus Insight: Gmail email tracking, allowing users to get real-time alerts as their emails were opened, and Cirrus Insight Analytics, a free package that generates management reports showing usage and adoption of Cirrus Insight and Salesforce.com.
In October 2016, Cirruspath released Cirrus Insight 5.0, which completely updated the design of the app and added improvements to recently added features such as Book Meeting and Email Campaigns.

## Ranking

In 2016, Inc. magazine ranked Cirrus Insight 41st on the annual Inc. 5000 list, a ranking of the nation's fastest-growing private companies. In 2017, it was ranked 546th.
# Gibbs Crawfurd

Gibbs Crawfurd (1732 – 13 October 1793) was a British Member of Parliament and administrator.
He was the eldest son of John Crawfurd, a barrister from Ardmillan in Ayrshire. He attended Eton College in 1848 and married Anna Payne of Newick and East Grinstead on 23 December 1760, with whom he had two sons and two daughters. He succeeded his father in 1762 and took over the Saint Hill estate near East Grinstead, which his father had purchased in 1715.
Crawfurd eventually followed his father into the legal profession, joining Lincoln's Inn in 1770. He served as solicitor of stamp duties from 1771 to June 1790 and as clerk of Ordnance from April 1782 to April 1783, and from December 1783 to his death in October 1793. He owed his position at the Board of Ordnance to Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, the then Master-General of the Ordnance.
It was at the Duke of Richmond's behest that he was put forward for the position of Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Queenborough in 1790. Needing only a small number of firmly controlled votes, his election was a formality; he owed his position to the Board of Ordnance's need to protect its interests in Parliament and moved the estimates for the Ordnance in February 1791. He was otherwise a 'silent' member and held the position of MP until his death.
Crawfurd was succeeded in 1793 by his son Charles, for whom he obtained the office of deputy paymaster of widows' pensions and a yearly pension of £350, as well as the inheritance of the Saint Hill estate.
# Ghitung

Ghitung is a village and Village Development Committee in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,515 persons living in 482 individual households.
# Citadel of Crime

Citadel of Crime is a 1941 American drama film directed by George Sherman and written by Don Ryan. The film stars Robert Armstrong, Frank Albertson, Linda Hayes, Russell Simpson, Richard "Skeets" Gallagher and William Haade. The film was released on July 24, 1941, by Republic Pictures.

## Cast

* Robert Armstrong as Cal Fullerton
* Frank Albertson as Jim Rogers
* Linda Hayes as Ellie Jackson
* Russell Simpson as Jess Meekins
* Richard "Skeets" Gallagher as Chet
* William Haade as Turk
* Jay Novello as Vince
* Paul Fix as Nick Gerro
* Bob McKenzie as Martin Jackson
* Wade Crosby as Rufe
* William "Billy" Benedict as Wes Rankins