OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacques Buus

Jacques Buus (also Jakob Buus, Jachet de Buus) (c. 1500 – late August, 1565) was a Franco-Flemish composer and organist of the Renaissance, and an early member of the Venetian School. He was one of the earliest composers of the ricercar, the predecessor to the fugue, and he was also a skilled composer of chansons.

## Life

Buus was probably born in Ghent around 1500, though details of his early life, as is the case with most Renaissance composers, are scanty. Possibly he either studied or had his early career in France, and he maintained some connections there throughout his life. In 1538, he published his first chansons, in Lyon by the printer Jacques Moderne.
Three years later, he went to Venice and auditioned for the post of second organist at St. Mark's, winning the job and working alongside the existing organist, Giovanni Armonio. This was during the tenure of Adrian Willaert, who built the musical forces at St. Mark's into one of the most impressive in Europe, second only in quality to the papal chapel in Rome. Buus stayed at St. Mark's until 1550, when he departed for France, ostensibly because he was unable to pay his debts; however it has been suggested that he left because he had become a Protestant. In 1543, he had dedicated a volume of chansons to the Calvinist Duchess of Ferrara and, in 1550, he sent a book of Protestant chansons spirituelles to the Protestant Archduke Ferdinand II in Vienna. Late in 1550, he went to Vienna to work at the Habsburg court and he remained there for the rest of his life, ignoring entreaties from Venice to return.

## Music and influence

Buus was influential in the development of the instrumental ricercar; he wrote the longest ever composed, one of which has no less than 98 points of imitation. Another has 358 breves (equivalent to 716 bars of 4/4; at the typical tactus of the time — 60 to 80 minims, i.e. half-notes, to the minute — the piece would take 15–20 minutes to play). They are elaborately contrapuntal, making use of all the standard devices of Franco-Flemish polyphony, including augmentation, diminution, inversion, and so forth.
He also wrote sacred vocal music, including motets and chansons spirituelles, a specifically Protestant form, although these were not for performance in Catholic Venice. The motets are similar in style to those of Nicolas Gombert, with dense textures, pervasive imitation, and free treatment of the source material.

## References and further reading

* Sadie, Stanley, ed. (1980). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. 3. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-33323-111-1. OCLC 819672161.
* Reese, Gustave (1959). Music in the Renaissance (Revised ed.). New York City: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-09530-4. LCCN 59012879. OL 18078215M – via Internet Archive.
* Selfridge-Field, Eleanor (1994). Venetian Instrumental Music, from Gabrieli to Vivaldi (3rd revised ed.). New York City: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-28151-3. LCCN 94008060. OL 1084342M – via Internet Archive.
# Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar

Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar (1928 – 2 June 2013) was a Pakistani Sunni Muslim scholar, poet, philanthropist and a Sufi mentor. He established the Jamiah Ashraful Madāris in Karachi. He was an alumnus of the State Unani Medical College Allahabad and the Madrasa Bait-ul-Uloom, Sarai Mir. He was an authorized disciple of Abrarul Haq Haqqi. His works include Ma'ārif-e-Masnawi and Faizān-e-Muḥabbat.

## Biography

Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar was born in 1928 in Pratapgarh. He was schooled in Pratapgarh and studied Persian with Qāri Muḥammad Siddīq in Sultanpur.He graduated from the State Unani Medical College Allahabad in 1944 where his teacher was Hakim Aḥmad Usmāni, the father of Hakim Hammad Usmani. He was inclined towards studying Islamic sciences, and completed the traditional dars-e-nizami at the Madrasa Bait-ul-Uloom in Sarai Mir in four years.
Akhtar studied the Sihah Sittah with Abdul Ghani Phulpuri, a student of Majid Ali Jaunpuri. He developed interest in Sufism in early days and benefitted from Abdul Ghani Phulpuri, Abrarul Haq Haqqi and Muhammad Ahmad Pratapgarhi. Haqqi authorized him in the Ashrafia, Chistiyyah, Naqshbandiyah, Qadiriyyah and the Suhrawardiyya orders of Sufism.
Akhtar migrated to Pakistan in 1960 with his Sufi mentor Abdul Ghani Phulpuri. In 1980, he started the "Khanqāh Imdādiya Ashrafiya" in Karachi at the wishes of Abrarul Haq Haqqi. His disciples have started branches of it in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Mauritius, Myanmar, Réunion, South Africa and Turkey.Akhtar established the Jamiah Ashraful Madāris, a famous seminary in Gulistan-e-Johar, Karachi, in 1998.
Akhtar died on 2 June 2013 in Karachi. His funeral prayer was led by his son Hakeem Muḥammad Mazhar and attended by scholars including Abdul Ghafoor Haideri, Aurangzaib Farooqi, Mufti Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Saleemullah Khan and Zar Wali Khan. His disciples in Sufism include Abdul Hamid Ishaq, Fazlur Rahman Azmi, Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman, Salman Nadvi and Younus Patel.

## Literary works

Akhtar's works include:
* Ma'ārif-e-Masnawi, a commentary on the Masnavi of Rumi. This major work of Akhtar is hailed by Islamic scholars such as Yousuf Banuri, Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi and Manzoor Nomani. It was rendered in English by the South African scholar Yusuf Karaan.
* Lessons on the Mathnawi of Moulana Rumi: on love and recognition
* Tajalliat-E-Jazb: manifestation of Allah's attraction
* Ma'rifat-e-Ilāhiya
* Rūh ki bīmāriyān aur unka ilāj
* Faizān-e-Muḥabbat
# Jane Martineau

Jane Martineau is a British art historian, and acting editor of The Burlington Magazine.
Martineau received a bachelor's degree in 1969. Martineau worked at London's Royal Academy of Arts as curator and editor in the Exhibitions Office from 1982 to 1984, and from 1989 to 1998, was deputy editor of the Grove Dictionary of Art for six years, and co-curated exhibitions in a freelance capacity on the Gonzaga family (V&A, 1982) and Shakespeare in Art (Ferrara and Dulwich 2003). From 2004, she was associate editor at The Burlington Magazine, rising to acting editor.
In 1992, she married fellow art historian William Mostyn-Owen (1929–2011), becoming his third wife.

## Publications

* Shakespeare in Art
* Andrea Mantegna
* The Genius of Venice, 1500–1600
* The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century
# International Physics and Culture Olympiad

The International Physics and Culture Olympiad (IPhCO) is a physics and culture competition for high school students. In June 2016, the IPhCO beta version was held in Curitiba, Brazil at the Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR). The first IPhCO was held in April 2017.

## Questions

Questions are based on high school physics and mathematics, but interconnect with areas such as Geography, History, Arts and Biology. During the online competition students gain access to 10 questions in total and have 24 hours to answer each question. Always at midnight, a new portal is released.

## Awards

Students can be awarded three times during the competition, according to their score. Each award is related to a number of questions answered successfully and to a postcard with an IPhCO key - copper, silver or gold.

## Cultural exchange

An important goal of the Olympiad is to value culture, arousing young people's interest in the history of Brazil and other countries. To do so, the Olympiad takes students on virtual tours, where interesting events can be addressed. Aiming on offering more visibility to cultural places in Curitiba and the state of Paraná, the Olympiad team began to map places that were not yet in Street View, collaborating with Google.

## Headquarters

The main venue of the Olympiad is in Curitiba, Parana, where the Olympiad began in 2017. In the next years, other cities in Brazil and the world are expected to join the IPhCO network.
# Fatal Opera

Fatal Opera was an American thrash metal and progressive metal band, founded by drummer Gar Samuelson, who after being fired from Megadeth in 1987 had relocated to Orange City, Florida. Other members of the band included Gar's brother Stew Samuelson on guitar, Travis Karcher on bass, David Inman on vocals, and Jeff Bloom on guitar. Bloom left the band after the recording of the first demo and Inman after the first album. Their replacements on guitar and vocals were Bill Brehme and Andy Freeman.
During the 1990s, Fatal Opera released two albums on Massacre Records, Fatal Opera and The Eleventh Hour. They were reissued in the 2020s by Divebomb Records, both with previously unreleased bonus tracks. Reviewing the debut album in 2018, Erik Akos, writing for Metal Temple Magazine, gave it a 9 out of 10 rating, praising its songwriting, dynamics, and musicianship, while viewing the vocals and the production less favorably.
In 2022, Fatal Opera III was released, which contains material the band started working on before Gar Samuelson's death in 1999. Fatal Opera III was released by Combat Records and featured guest musicians Chris Poland, and David Ellefson, both former bandmates of Samuleson in Megadeth. Another guest appearance was made by Robbie "Pags" Pagliari, bass player in Samuelson's and Poland's fusion band The New Yorkers, active during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

## Discography

Fatal Opera (1995)
All music by G.Samuelson, except 1 by Fatal Opera; 10 by Jimi Hendrix.
All lyrics by G.Samuelson, except 1 by D.Inman & G.Samuelson; 8 by D.Inman; 10 by Jimi Hendrix.
* Dave Inman: vocals.
* Stew Samuelson: guitar.
* Travis Karcher: bass.
* Gar Samuelson: drums.
The Eleventh Hour (1997)
Fatal Opera III (2022)
# Friends vs Friends

Friends vs Friends is a deck-building first-person shooter video game developed by indie studio Brainwash Gang and published by Raw Fury. The game was released on Microsoft Windows on May 30, 2023, and will be followed by console ports later in 2023.

## Gameplay

Players control one of several anthropomorphic animals who bought cursed trading cards, which cause the animals to fight in 1v1 or 2v2 deathmatches. Each animal has unique skills. Players must have a deck of at least 25 cards and are further limited by a maximum cost. At the start of each battle, the combatants are randomly dealt several cards, which give bonuses, such as powerful weapons or causing the opponent to suffer a penalty. Battles go for up to five rounds, and the winner is the first one to win three rounds.

## Development

Friends vs Friends is developed by Brainwash Gang, an independent game development studio from Spain. The game was first announced in August 2022 at Gamescom for Windows and consoles, albeit no specific consoles or release date was given. In May 2023, Raw Fury announced that the game will be released on Windows by the end of the month.

## Reception

Hardcore Gamer said it is "quick to learn, quick to play" and fun. El Español praised the originality and art, but they said some cards are unbalanced. Although they enjoyed the lack of microtransactions, they said progress was a bit slow as a result.
# Happy Hunting

Happy Hunting may refer to:
* Happy Hunting (musical), a 1956 musical
* Happy Hunting (film), a 2016 American western horror film
# Ichthyophis daribokensis

Ichthyophis daribokensis, or Daribok's striped caecilian, is a species of amphibian found in Assam in northern India.
# Hofgaard Park, Waimea, Kauai

Hofgaard Park is a narrow park between Kaumuali'i Highway and Waimea Road in the town of Waimea. The park was named after Judge Christopher Blom Hofgaard who was a resident in Waimea. It features a statue of Captain Cook, which is a replica of an original statue in Whitby, England.
The park is dedicated to the historic events of Captain Cook's landing nearby. A timeline of Waimea and Western influence are documented on plaques in the park.
Captain James Cook was the first European reported to have sighted the Hawaiian Islands, and the January 20 landfall on southwestern Kauai was his first arrival upon Hawaiian soil. On January 20, 1778, two ships under the command of British navigator Captain James Cook set anchor at the mouth of the Waimea River. The crew was able to converse with the native people having been acquainted with the Tahitian language. They spent two weeks on Kauai provisioning their ships for the journey north. The British explorers were amazed at the finding of Polynesian people on these remote islands.
The actual landing site was probably located in what is now Lucy Wright Park, near the mouth of the Waimea River, just south of the town of Waimea. A plaque at the park commemorates Cook's landing on the island.

## Gallery

* Cook Landing commemoration plaque at Hofgaard Park
* Captain Cook statue in the park
* Original Statue of James Cook in Whitby, England
* Captain James Cook Portrait
* Endeavour replica in Cooktown harbour
# Jacqueville

Jacqueville (French pronunciation:) is a coastal town in southern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Jacqueville Department in Grands-Ponts Region, Lagunes District. Jacqueville is also a commune. The town is 40 kilometres west of Abidjan.
Jacqueville is so named because it was the first place in Ivory Coast where the Union Jack was raised when the British originally occupied the country. It grew as a French colonial slave port, but is now primarily a fishing port and seaside resort.
Jacqueville is virtually an island, separated from most of the country by the Ébrié Lagoon, its other shore being on the Gulf of Guinea. Until March 2015, when a 776-metre bridge was opened, the only way to reach the island involved taking a ferry across the lagoon.
Jacqueville is noteworthy for the local pineapples ("ananas sauvage"), which are long narrow and have completely white and very sweet flesh. When nitrate fertilisers are used in their cultivation they become yellow and taste much more like a conventional pineapple.
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Jacqueville was 32,288.

## Villages

The 23 villages of the sub-prefecture of Jacqueville and their population in 2014 are:
* Abreby (945)
* Addah (1,973)
* Adesse (893)
* Adjacoutie (400)
* Adjue (571)
* Adoukro (194)
* Adoumangan (860)
* Ahua (406)
* Akrou (1,289)
* Avadivry (233)
* Avagou (1,695)
* Bahuama (211)
* Couve (263)
* Djace (203)
* Gbehiri (241)
* Grand-Jack (2,844)
* Jacqueville (11,124)
* Kraffy (231)
* M'bokrou (336)
* N'djem (5,165)
* Niangoussou (200)
* Sassako-Bégnini (1,409)
* Taboutou (602)
# Copla (music)

The copla, copla andaluza ("Andalusian copla"), canción andaluza, canción española, tonadilla or canción folklórica is a form of Spanish popular song, deriving from the poetic form of the same name. Although the genre has a long heritage, it flourished in the 1930s and 1940s, and is epitomized by songwriters Antonio Quintero, Rafael de León and Manuel Quiroga.
One of the first singers of coplas was Raquel Meller. Initially she sang cuplé, which later evolved in Andalusian and Spanish song into the copla as it is known today. Other well-known singers of coplas are Imperio Argentina, Manolo Corrales, Estrellita Castro, Concha Piquer, Miguel de Molina, Lola Flores, Marifé de Triana, Juanita Reina, Manolo Escobar, Juanito Valderrama, Sara Montiel and Antonio Molina.
Particularly of note is Carlos Cano, who was a key figure in reviving the popularity of the copla in the later 20th century. More recent singers of coplas include Rocío Jurado, Bambino, María Jiménez, Isabel Pantoja, Martirio, and Miguel Poveda and, even more recently, Pasión Vega, Clara Montes, Pastora Soler, Aurora Guirado, Diana Navarro, Pilar Boyero, Concha Buika, Montse Delgado and opera singer Plácido Domingo, who released an album of coplas entitled Pasión Española in 2008. Some of these artists, particularly Pasión Vega (born 1976) and Diana Navarro (born 1978), have bent and stretched the genre in directions that have come to be known as Nueva Copla ("New Copla").
Some examples of famous coplas include "Ojos verdes" (Green Eyes), "Tatuaje" (Tattoo), "La falsa moneda" (The Fake Coin), "María de la O," and "Rocío." The lyrics often feature marginalized characters, including prostitutes, sailors, escaped convicts, gypsies and so on, and have themes based on the "illegitimacy of all relationships outside the recognized heterosexual marriage" (i.e., mistreated women, abandoned children and extramarital affairs). Because these were stories of love gone wrong, of women who crossed the line of sexual mores, and of men's honor, they used to be criticized for being old-fashioned and sexist. However, more recently, modern performers have given the songs a new twist by "selecting coplas that vindicate a women's power, their independence and their passion." Id. at 287.
# Faridabad (disambiguation)

Faridabad is a city in Haryana, India.
It may also refer to:
* Greater Faridabad
* Faridabad district
* Faridabad Lok Sabha constituency
* Faridabad Combined Cycle Power Plant
* Faridabad Thermal Power Station
* Faridabad New Town railway station
* Faridabad railway station
* Old Faridabad metro station
# Fatal Misconception

Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population is a 2008 book by Matthew Connelly, an associate professor of history at Columbia University.
Efforts to control population have been controversial, and Connelly argues that "the road to controlling population growth in the 20th century was paved with good intentions and unpleasant policies that did not work". For example, millions of intrauterine contraceptive devices were exported to poor countries although they were known to cause infections and sterility.

## Reception
### Book reviews

Nicholas Kristof reviewed the book favorably for The New York Times, but concluded: "It's certainly fair of Connelly to dredge up the forced sterilizations, the casual disregard for injuries caused by IUDs, the racism and sexism and all the rest — but we also need to remember that all that is history. The family planning movement has corrected itself, and today it saves the lives of women in poor countries and is central to efforts to reduce poverty worldwide. If we allow that past to tarnish today's efforts by family planning organizations, women in poor countries will be doubly hurt."
Reihan Salam reviewed the book for the New York Sun, where he raised some cautionary points.
James Hughes, executive director of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET) reviewed the book for Times Higher Education. Hughes concluded: "Connelly's pessimism that international institutions can ever be as accountable as national governments is hopefully unwarranted. It seems likely that transnational bodies will be increasingly important in ensuring the health and wellbeing of the nine or ten billion people the planet will soon hold."
Helen Epstein reviewed the book favorably for the New York Review of Books, concluding: "The population control movement was a small part of US foreign policy, but its history reminds us of the point American policymakers keep missing: universal human rights are not a luxury. They are themselves the goals we should be seeking."
Diana Wyndham reviewed the book for the Australian Review of Public Affairs, concluding: "Connelly's apparent balance—he opposes both pro- and anti-population control excesses—means he is more likely to reach and convince a broader audience to accept his argument that global population control services are bad and should cease. A major worry is that this book's catalogue of failed population control programs will be used by 'Pro-life' groups who want to reinstate the 1984 Mexico City policy ban which, by denying aid, spread sexually transmitted diseases and increased pregnancy-related deaths. If, as he believes, 'the heroic age of population control is over' (p. 16), life on this planet will end because there is only a finite supply of water, food and natural resources. There is wisdom in the family planning slogan: 'Hope is not a method'."
# Icelandic Cup

Icelandic Cup is a name given to cup competitions in Iceland and may refer to:

## Basketball

* Icelandic Men's Basketball Cup, the top tier men's basketball cup in Iceland
* Icelandic Women's Basketball Cup, the top tier women's basketball cup in Iceland

## Football

* Icelandic Men's Football Cup, the top tier men's football cup in Iceland
* Icelandic Women's Football Cup, the top tier women's football cup in Iceland

## Handball

* Icelandic Men's Handball Cup, the top tier men's handball cup in Iceland
* Icelandic Women's Handball Cup, the top tier women's handball cup in Iceland
# Hodgetts

Hodgetts or Hodgett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Alfred Hodgetts (1859–1952), Canadian doctor
* Chris Hodgetts (born 1950), British racing driver
* David Hodgett (born 1963), Australian politician
* Dennis Hodgetts (1863–1945), English footballer
* Frank Hodgetts (1924–2018), English footballer
* John Hodgetts (1917–2009), Canadian political scientist
* Samuel Hodgetts (1877–1944), British gymnast
* Stefan Hodgetts (born 1982), British racing driver
* Henry Hodgetts-Foley (1828–1894), British MP
* John Hodgetts-Foley (1797–1861), British MP
# Jacob of London

Jacob of London was the first known Presbyter Judaeorum of the Jews of England; appointed to that position by King John in 1199, who also gave him a safe-conduct. He appears to have died in 1217, when Josce of London is mentioned as his successor. He is possibly identical with the rabbi Jacob of London who translated the whole Haggadah into the vernacular so that women and children could understand it (Isserles, "Darke Mosheh," to Tur Orah Hayyim, 473).

## Resources

* Jacobs, Joseph. "Jacob of London." Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906, which gives the following bibliography:
   * Prynne, Short Demurrer, ii. 3-5;
   * H. Adler, in Papers of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, pp. 262-263.
# Gregory M. Plunkett

Gregory M. Plunkett (born 21 February 1965 in Bayonne, New Jersey) is an American botanist.
# Halenda

22°05′17″N 71°03′06″E﻿ / ﻿22.088185°N 71.05171°E﻿ / 22.088185; 71.05171
Halenda is a village in Gujarat, India.

## Geography

Halenda's altitude is 197 meters (649 feet).

## Postal code

The postal code is 360032.