OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hamad bin Ibrahim Al Mualla

Sheikh Hamad bin Ibrahim Al Mualla was Ruler of Umm Al Quwain from 1923 to 1929, one of the Trucial States which today forms part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

## Accession

In October 1923, a slave from Hamad bin Ibrahim's household murdered the-then Ruler of Umm Al Quwain (and Hamad's cousin), Sheikh Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II. Immediately following the funeral, Hamad out-smarted Abdullah's younger brother, Ahmad bin Rashid, and occupied the government house.
Hamad managed to balance the ensuing situation and made his peace with Ahmad bin Rashid as well as the families of Umm Al Quwain and, by the time the British Resident visited in March 1924, Hamad was clearly the accepted Ruler of the emirate.
Having given sanctuary to the deposed Ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Khalid bin Ahmad Al Qasimi, Sheikh Hamad managed to avoid a conflict with the Ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi, when Khalid bin Ahmad reached a settlement with Sultan which ceded the inland town of Dhaid to him. Unable to take possession of the town because armed Bedouin loyal to Sultan were still there (and Hamad bin Ibrahim being unwilling to have his own forces dragged into a conflict with the Bedouin of the Interior), Khalid managed to broker an association between the Sheikhs of the Bani Qitab and Khawatir Bedouin tribes along with the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah, which would have him take and hold Dhaid 'on behalf of Khaled bin Ahmed'. To the relief of both Hamad bin Ibrahim and his Northern neighbour, the plan (which would have potentially alienated Sultan of Sharjah) was not needed: Khaled took possession of Dhaid peacefully in July 1928.

## Death

Hamad was shot and killed on 9 February 1929, by a slave called Saeed from the household of Hamad's blind uncle, Abdelrahman bin Ahmed Al Mualla. He was succeeded by Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla following a colourful incident whereby the population of the town rose up against Abdelrahman and Saeed, who had barricaded themselves in the fort. Abandoning their initial plan of firing on the fort with a cannon, the people of the town instead elected to set a fire around the walls of the fort and in this conflagration both Abrelrahman and Saeed were killed. The British considered the whole affair to be highly suspicious and suspected Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi of Sharjah of involvement, but confirmed the young Ahmed as a Trucial Ruler nonetheless.
# Issalissekine

Issalissekine is a village in the commune of Abalessa, in Tamanrasset Province, Algeria.
# Kocabey

Kocabey can refer to the following villages in Turkey:
* Kocabey, Şavşat
* Kocabey, Sındırgı
# Klipriviersberg

Klipriviersberg is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

## History

Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms called Klipriviersberg. It was established on part of the farm own by Jan Meyer, a member of the South African Republic's Volksraad and became a suburb 29 June 1943.

## Nature Reserve

Currently known as the Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve, the area contains several hiking routes along a stream that lead up to natural rock pools in which swimming is allowed.
# John Dickie (British politician)

John Purcell Dickie (born 14 July 1874 – 1963) was a Liberal Party (later National Liberal) politician in the United Kingdom.
At the 1922 general election, he contested the Gateshead constituency, coming third. However, in 1923 he won the seat, but was Member of Parliament (MP) for Gateshead for less than a year, losing the seat at the general election in October 1924. He did not contest Gateshead again, but stood unsuccessfully in the Darlington by-election in 1926 and at Consett in 1929.
When the Liberal Party split over participation in the Conservative-dominated National Government, Dickie joined the breakaway National Liberals, and was elected at the 1931 general election as National Liberal MP for Consett. He was defeated at the 1935 general election, and did not stand again.
# Griffa

Griffa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Giorgio Griffa (born 1936), Italian abstract painter
* Jorge Griffa (1935–2024), Argentine footballer
# Greg Parma Smith

Greg Parma Smith (born 1983, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is a New York-based painter. He is known for his precise painterly realism, which incorporates elements of academic figuration, representational painting, neo-pop, and appropriation art.
In his work Smith samples the iconography of comics, neoclassical nudes, graffiti, Song Dynasty literati painting, and trompe l’oeil arabesques. As described in MAY No.17, Smith critiques “the way in which subcultures are brought into a dominant domain” by highlighting “exploitative taboos long repressed and smoothed over in so-called high-low narratives in advanced art."

## Exhibitions

Greg Parma Smith's work has been shown at Musée d’art moderne et contemporain (MAMCO), Genève; Galerie Francesca Pia, Zürich; David Lewis Gallery, New York; Balice Hertling, Paris; Balice Hertlng & Lewis, New York; VAVA, Milan; Everest/Foundation Gutzwiller, Zurich; Contemporary Art Museum, St. Louis; Swiss Institute, New York; MoMA PS1, New York; Kiev Biennial, The School of Kyiv, Ukraine; White Columns, New York; Metro Pictures, New York; Blum and Poe, Los Angeles; Greene Naftali, New York; Miguel Abreu Gallery, New York; and Daniel Reich Gallery, New York; among others.

## Collections

Smith's work is featured in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art and Musée d’art moderne et contemporain (MAMCO), Genève.

## Publications

The artist's first monographic catalog was co-published by JRP-Rignier and Musée d’art moderne et contemporain (MAMCO) on occasion of the exhibition Greg Parma Smith in 2017.
# Grenfell Centre

Grenfell Centre, formerly known as Oracle House and JLW Building, nicknamed Black Stump, is a high rise office building located at 25 Grenfell Street in the Adelaide city centre, South Australia.

## History and description

The Brookman Building(s), designed by Alfred Wells and built in 1897, once stood on the site of the present Grenfell Centre. It was originally three storeys high, with an oriel window creating a fourth storey. In 1914, another two storeys were added. The building was owned by South Australian mining entrepreneurs George Brookman and his brother William Brookman, who founded the Coolgardie Gold Mining and Prospecting Company in the gold fields of Western Australia. A building of the same name still exists at the University of South Australia's North Terrace campus, originally the South Australian School of Mines and Industries.
After the Brookman Building was demolished in the early 1970s, the new office tower was completed in 1973. It was the tallest building in Adelaide at 103 metres (338 ft), until surpassed by the Telstra House in 1987.
The building has 26 floors. In the 1980s, the building's foyer and interior were refurbished. A 10-metre (33 ft) antenna was attached in 1980, and upgraded with digital transmitters in 2003, increasing the height a metre further.
In 2007, the building was redeveloped, and two frameless glass cubes were constructed at the entrance of the building. This redevelopment earned it the Royal Australian Institute of Architects Commercial Architecture Award of Commendation.
Other names during its lifetime have been Oracle House and JLW Building. Its nickname, "black stump", in reference to the building's appearance, is also a colloquial Australian phrase.
In October 2021 the Grenfell Centre was acquired by Centuria and MA Financial JV, at a purchase price of A$166.6m. With a vacancy rate of 10%, the company planned to refurbish the building.
In February 2023, re-cladding of the building was complete, after works had been undertaken to replace the aluminium composite cladding (which had been implicated in the rapid spread of the fatal Grenfell Tower fire in London, as well as other fires around the world) with solid 3 mm (0.12 in) aluminium cladding. The project included extra insulation behind the cladding.
# Giolla na Naomh mac Giolla Íosa Mág Samhradháin

Giolla na Naomh Mág Samhradháin (the Second), was chief of the McGovern Clan and Baron or Lord of Tullyhaw barony, County Cavan from c.1231 to 1240.

## Ancestry

His ancestry was Giolla na Naomh son of Giolla Íosa Mág Samhradháin son of Giolla na Naomh Mág Samhradháin, the First, son of Muireadhach Mág Samhradhán who was the son of Samhradhán mac Conchobhar mac Fearghal mac Flann mac Aonghus mac Conchobhar mac Tadhg Tir mac Ruarc mac Íomhaor mac Cosgrach mac Dúnghal mac Oireachtach mac Eochaidh (Teallach n-Eachach or Tullyhaw is named after the latter).

## Description

Poem 2, stanza 7, by Giolla Pádraig mac Naimhin, written c.1290-1298, in the Book of Magauran describes him as fresh Giolla na Naomh.

## Family

His son was Donnchadh ‘Cime’ Mág Samhradháin, who was chief of the clan from 1258 – 1269.
# Karen (singer)

Karen Rosenberg (born 20 June 1975), better known by her mononym Karen is a Danish R&B singer. She released three albums. Her debut album En til en in 2000 was produced by Saqib of Outlandish and Lasse Lindholm of Hvid Sjokolade. Her follow-up album. The album was nominated to three awards during the Danish Music Awards eventually winning Best R&B. She also became famous with "Vis mig du' min mand" taken from the album. Her follow-up album Ingen smalle steder in 2004 was produced by her boyfriend producer Vagn Luv. In 2009, she released Stiletto, but with much lesser success. The album didn't chart on the Tracklisten.
In addition to music, she has become a radio and television celebrity. In 2002, she gained a role in sitcom Langt fra Las Vegas. She presents P3 radio station's Karen & Szhirley with co host Szhirley Haim. The program broadcasts's the best R&B releases in Denmark. She is also one of five official judges during the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix in 2011.

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album | Peak positions |
| Year | Album | DEN |
| 2000 | En til en | 39 |
| 2004 | Ingen smalle steder | 23 |
| 2009 | Stiletto | – |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Single | DEN | Album |
| 2009 | "Sækken i katten" | 19 | Stiletto |
| 2013 | "Problemet" | 28 | TBA |

#### Featured in

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Single | DEN | Album |
| 2010 | "Har det hele" (Rune RK feat. Karen & Jooks) | 8 | |
| 2010 | "I nat" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe feat. Karen) | 12 | |
# Euseius lokele

Euseius lokele is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Grels Teir

Grels Olof Teir (26 February 1916, Lappfjärd – 23 June 1999) was a Finnish lawyer and politician. He served as Minister of Transport and Public Works from 12 September 1964 to 27 May 1966, Minister of Trade and Industry from 22 March 1968 to 14 May 1970 and again from 4 September to 31 December 1972, and Deputy Minister of Social Affairs and Health from 13 June to 30 November 1975.
He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1951 to 1975, representing the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP).
# Lachnaia variolosa

Lachnaia variolosa is a species of leaf beetles from the subfamily Cryptocephalinae that can be found in Algeria, Morocco and southern Spain.
# Euphorbia schillingii

Euphorbia schillingii, or Schilling spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, native to Nepal. Growing to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall by 0.5 m (1.6 ft) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial bearing long, narrow leaves with a prominent white midrib, and clusters of long-lasting lime-green flowers throughout summer into autumn. The flowers are useful in flower arranging.
The Latin specific epithet schillingii honours its finder, the plant hunter Tony Schilling (born 1935).
In cultivation it grows best in rich, moist soil in a partially-shaded location. It is hardy down to −15 °C (5 °F) (surviving even harsh winters in the UK) reflecting its origin in the Himalayas. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
All euphorbias are toxic if ingested, and produce an irritant milky sap when cut or broken.
# Green Chain

Green Chain may refer to:
* Green Chain (sawmill), lumber-sorting scheme
* South East London Green Chain, collection of British open spaces
* The Green Chain, a 2007 feature film by Mark Leiren-Young, explores the issues facing dying logging communities in British Columbia
# Internationale Walter Benjamin Gesellschaft

The first Internationale Walter Benjamin Gesellschaft (generally translated as "community" or "society"), here understood as "commune", was a founding within the 68er-Bewegung in Hamburg, at the time when the American Counterculture reached Europe's students.

## Formation

Founded by Natias Neutert in 1968 and supported by Hubert Fichte and other cultural patrons, the institute worked until the end of 1973.

## Goals

The institute sought to intensify the knowledge of Walter Benjamin's works. One important goal of the society was to propagate and promote Benjamin to a global prototype of theory of revolutionary change such as Marx. Another important goal was to combine Benjamin's elitist insights with the mass phenomenon of Pop music.

## Re-Establishment

A globally orientated discourse has been launched by a new International Walter Benjamin Society in Berlin in 2000. It wishes to bring together "scientists and interested readers from all over the world" and organizes "large conferences every two years to Walter Benjamin, and related topics"
# George Worthing Yates

George Worthing Yates (14 August 1901 in New York City – 6 June 1975 in Sonoma) was an American screenwriter and author. His early work was on serials shown in cinemas; he later progressed to feature films, primarily science fiction. He was the nephew of the head of Republic Pictures, Herbert Yates.

## Filmography

Screenwriter (unless noted otherwise)
* The Lone Ranger (1938) serial
* The Mysterious Miss X (1939) (story)
* Hi-Yo Silver (1940)
* Man From Frisco (1944) (story)
* The Falcon in Mexico (1944)
* The Spanish Main (1945)
* Sinbad the Sailor (1947) (story)
* The Tall Target (1951)
* The Last Outpost (1951)
* This Woman Is Dangerous (1952)
* Those Redheads From Seattle (1953)
* China Venture (1953)
* Them! (1954) (story)
* Conquest of Space (1955)
* It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955)
* Earth vs. the Flying Saucers (1956)
* The Amazing Colossal Man (1957)
* Attack of the Puppet People (1958)
* Earth vs. the Spider (1958)
* The Flame Barrier (1958)
* Frankenstein 1970 (1958)
* Space Master X-7 (1958)
* War of the Colossal Beast (1958)
* Tormented (1960)
* King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962)
# JMDC

JMDC may refer to;
* Japan Machine Design Center, a regulatory organization of the early Japanese optical industry
* Jinnah Medical and Dental College in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
* Joint Manual Direction Center, a planned, but not implemented, air defense system at the Fort Heath radar station in Winthrop, Massachusetts
* Jurupa Mountains Discovery Center, a natural history museum in Jurupa Valley, California
# La Roche-Vanneau

La Roche-Vanneau (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Euphorbia segetalis

Euphorbia segetalis, the grainfield spurge, is a species of annual herb in the family Euphorbiaceae. They have a self-supporting growth form and simple, broad leaves. Flowers are visited by Plagiolepis pygmaea, Polistes, and nomad bees. Individuals can grow to 16 cm tall.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Euphorbia segetalis​. Encyclopedia of Life.
# Knee wall

A knee wall is a short wall, typically under three feet (one metre) in height, used to support the rafters in timber roof construction. In his book A Visual Dictionary of Architecture, Francis D. K. Ching defines a knee wall as "a short wall supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their length." The knee wall provides support to rafters which therefore need not be large enough to span from the ridge to the eaves. Typically the knee wall is covered with plaster or gypsum board.
The term is derived from the association with a human knee, partly bent. Knee walls are common in houses in which the ceiling on the top floor is an attic, i.e. the ceiling is the underside of the roof and slopes down on one or more sides.

## Jamb height

Since there is no legal definition of the jamb height, further specifications are required as to how it is to be measured. It is generally accepted that the knee wall begins at the upper edge of the soffit of the floor below. There is no uniform use of the term for the end of the knee stick. In the greatest extent of the knee wall, this extends to the imaginary intersection of the outer wall with the upper edge of the rafter. The smallest dimension is when the knee wall is understood to mean only the wall that goes beyond the attic ceiling (excluding the base purlin). Between these possibilities, other methods of measurement are in use.
# Frank S. Tavenner Jr.

Frank S. Tavenner Jr. (1895–1964) was a Virginia lawyer who was United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia, along with other high-profile government legal positions, particularly as chief counsel to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

## Background

Frank Stacy Tavenner Jr. was born in Woodstock, Virginia on July 12, 1895. His father, F. S. Tavenner Sr., was a lawyer, member of the Senate of Virginia, and judge. The elder Tavenner held the same Senate seat later occupied by Harry Byrd Sr. and Harry Byrd Jr. He earned an A.B. degree at Roanoke College in 1916. He served in World War I as an Army lieutenant. He received an A.M. at Princeton University in 1917 and an LL.B at the University of Virginia Law School in 1927.

## Career

Shortly after graduating, Tavenner began to practice law in his home town.
In 1931, he became Assistant U.S. Attorney in Roanoke, Virginia. In 1933, Tavenner was appointed assistant U.S. attorney in the Western District of Virginia. In 1938, he along with A.C. Buchanan were the choices of Virginia Senators Carter Glass and Harry Byrd Sr. to a vacancy on the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, to which Franklin D. Roosevelt named instead Floyd H. Roberts. In 1940, Tavenner became U.S. attorney for the Western District of Virginia, nominated by Roosevelt.
Following World War II, he was assigned by the Department of the Army to be Counsel under Joseph B. Keenan and later Acting Chief of Counsel of the International Prosecution Section for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East from late 1945 to the end of the trial in 1948.
From May 1949 until the mid-1950s, Tavenner served as Chief Counsel for the House Un-American Activities Committee, where he replaced Robert E. Stripling. During this period, HUAC conducted more than 100 hearings that resulted in 35 volumes and 11 reports. Among its documents was a first-ever "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications."

## Death

Tavenner died age 69 on October 21, 1964, of a heart attack and was buried in the Massanutten Cemetery in Woodstock.

## Legacy

Dartmouth College law professor Robert K. Carr wrote of Tavenner that in him HUAC had "obtained perhaps the best qualified and most dispassionate assistant it ever had."
# Introspective (Amber Smith album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| EST | (9/10) |
Introspective is the fourth studio album recorded by Amber Smith. The album was recorded at the Podium Studios in Budapest, Hungary in 2007. The album was mixed by Chris Brown, who previously worked on Radiohead's The Bends album, and it was mastered at Foon Mastering Studios in Belgium. The album was released by the Lithuanian label M.P.3 International as CD and digitally.
The presentation of the album took a place on 29 February 2008 in the music club L'Amour, Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Eventually the album won the award of the best alternative record in Hungary in 2009. During the campaign of the album the videos were filmed for the songs Introspective and Select All/Delete All.
On 1 December 2007, the first single, Introspective, was released from the eponymous album.

## Track listing

* "Introspective"
* "1980"
* "Coded"
* "Select All/Delete All"
* "Brazil"
* "Hectic"
* "Treading Water"
* "Welcome to CIA"
* "Simon Says"
* "Father"
* "My Final Plea"

## Personnel

The following people contributed to Introspective:
# (163249) 2002 GT

(163249) 2002 GT is an Apollo asteroid with an absolute magnitude of 18.26. It is a potentially hazardous asteroid as its orbit crosses that of Earth.

## Description

In 2011, NASA considered sending the unmanned spacecraft Deep Impact toward the asteroid with the aim of performing a flyby in 2020. It was uncertain whether Deep Impact carried sufficient fuel for this operation.
On 24 November 2011 and 4 October 2012, the space probe's thrusters were fired briefly for two trajectory correction maneuvers that targeted Deep Impact for an encounter with 2002 GT in 2020, possibly within a distance of no more than 400 kilometers. However, funding for the flyby mission was not guaranteed. In June 2013 the asteroid was observed in radar by the Arecibo Observatory.
However, on 8 August 2013 NASA lost communication with the spacecraft, and on 20 September 2013, NASA abandoned further attempts to contact the craft. According to A'Hearn, the most probable reason of software malfunction was a Y2K-like problem (at 11 August 2013 0:38:49 it was 2$^{32}$ deciseconds from 1 January 2000).
# Karl Friedrich Cerf

Karl Friedrich Cerf (27 February 1771, Unter-Eisenheim-on-the-Main, Landkreis Würzburg, Germany - 6 November 1845, Berlin) was a German theatrical manager.
Cerf was born Jewish but embraced Christianity when very young. He had to support his father's family when only 17 years old. After having been engaged for many years in the horse trade at Dessau, he rose to the post of chief military agent, and in this capacity took part in the campaign of 1813-15, under Count Peter Wittgenstein, general of the Imperial Russian army. The courage and fidelity displayed by Cerf won for him the favor of Emperor Alexander I, who conferred on him a gold medal.
Cerf then settled at Berlin, and in 1822 obtained from Friedrich Wilhelm III a perpetual grant for the erection of the Königsstädtisches Theater. The theater opened on 4 August 1824 in the street Alexanderstraße. It was devoted to French comedy and Italian opera. Cerf managed it until his death.
His son Rudolf Cerf was also a Berlin theater owner and manager, inheriting the theater concession from his father. On 12 October 1852 he opened the Neues Königstädtisches Theater. In 1855 he also opened the Königstädtisches Vaudeville-Theater.
# Ivonne Álvarez

Ivonne Liliana Álvarez García (born 25 April 1978) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In 2012 she was elected to serve as a Senator of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Nuevo León. She was also Municipal President of Guadalupe, Nuevo León, and has been widely criticized for not fulfilling her term to seek a position in the senate; Álvarez publicly promised during her campaign not to do this. In the 2018 general elections she secured a seat in the lower house of the Mexican congress.
Before becoming a politician, she worked as hostess of a television show called Música Grupera for Multimedios. In January 2015 she was designated the PRI candidate for the 2015 Nuevo León gubernatorial election.