OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ISO 12083

ISO 12083 is an international SGML standard for document interchange between authors and publishers. It features separate Document Type Definitions for books, serials, articles, and math. Derived from AAP DTD, it was first published in 1993, revised in 1994, and last confirmed in 2016.

## History

In 1983, the Association of American Publishers (AAP), a coalition of book and journal publishers in North America, initiated efforts to create an SGML application named AAP DTD for academic publishing. In 1988, the AAP DTD became the American National Standards Institute's Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup (ANSI/NISO Z39.59) standard. Being based on the ASCII character encoding standard, it includes a large set of entity definitions for special characters.
The AAP and EPSIG continued their collaboration and published a revised version of the specification in 1989, identifying three document types in the field of publishing: Book, Serial Publication, and Article, for each of which the revised specification offers a DTD.
The AAP and the European Physical Society (EPS) further collaborated on a standard method for marking up tables and mathematical notation in scientific documents. Building on this work, Eric van Herwijnen, then head of the text processing section at CERN, edited the specification for adoption by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 12083, first published in 1993, revised in 1994 and last reconfirmed in 2016. ISO 12083 specifies four DTDs: Article, Book, Serial, and Math.
In 1995, concurrent with the withdrawal of ANSI/NISO Z39.59:1988, ANSI/ISO 12083 was adopted as U.S. standard ANSI/NISO/ISO 12083-1995 (R2009) Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup. This U.S. standard was withdrawn in 2016.

## Usage

ISO 12083 found its widest adoption among publishers of scientific journals. Rarely implemented in unmodified form, it became the basis of many DTDs in production use.
# Dentergem

Dentergem (Dutch pronunciation: , West Flemish:) is a municipality, located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns of Dentergem proper, Markegem, Oeselgem and Wakken. On January 1, 2006, Dentergem had a total population of 8,188. The total area is 25.94 km$^2$ which gives a population density of 316 inhabitants per km$^2$.
# Joe Johns (boxer)

Joe Johns born Joe John (18 September 1892 – 18 September 1927) was a professional boxer from Wales. Born in Merthyr Tydfil, John was notable for becoming the Welsh lightweight champion in 1915. He was successful at a domestic level, but his career was curtailed by ill-health.

## Boxing career

John's early professional career was based mainly in Wales. His early successes normally came through points decisions, his victories rarely ended by a knock-out. He won his first competition at the age of 15, weighing in at six stone. By the time he won his first recognised national fight, a disqualification win over Young Walters at Cardiff's Badminton Club, he weighed eight stone eight pounds. On the 12 September 1910 he took the Welsh 9 stone 4 pounds title, which resulted in an invitation to fight at the National Sporting Club in London. The next year Johns undertook more fights outside Wales, including bouts in Liverpool, and a win over American Fred Sidney at St James Hall in Newcastle.
Towards the end of 1911 his health was affected by rheumatism and defying medical orders, he continued fighting; losing to Tommy Mitchell in Sheffield and a month later he was outpointed by Nat Williams in Liverpool. Even when he took breaks from professional contests, he continued fighting in charity matches, usually with his mentor 'Peerless' Jim Driscoll. In 1913, with the now properly constituted Welsh lightweight title set at a nine stone nine pound limit, he fought Arthur Evans in a twenty-round eliminator for a shot at the current title holder, Dai Roberts. He and Evans fought in front of a crowd of 4,000 at Merthyr's Drill Hall with Johns winning by points after the bout went the full distance.
Johns' challenge against Roberts ended in farce. The twenty round bout only reached the seventeenth round after the referee, Mr J.W. Thwaites of the National Sporting Club, declared the match a 'no-contest'. He stated that the protestations from a member of Johns corner, trying to bring to his attention infringements by Roberts, distracted him so much that he was unprepared to risk his reputation by giving a verdict.
Despite being married with a family, and suffering from rheumatism, on the outbreak of the First World War Johns joined the British Army, being assigned to the Royal Engineers. In 1915, Roberts moved up to welterweight, vacating the lightweight title. This led to Johns and Arthur Evans meeting for the title on 22 May at the Cardiff Arms Park. Johns took the fight by points decision making him the Welsh lightweight champion. Johns held the title for just two months, when he again faced Evans this time at Liverpool Stadium where the two men were now stationed. The match, refereed by reigning British welterweight champion Johnny Basham, was halted in the 16th round, when Johns was unable to continue fighting after being knocked down late in the previous round.
Johns undertook one more fight after the end of the First World War, a defeat to Danny Arthurs in Merthyr. Johns died of pneumonia in Merthyr Infirmary on his birthday in 1927. He is buried at Cefn Coed Cemetery in Merthyr.
# John Hele (died 1661)

John Hele (3 March 1626 – 25 January 1661) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1659 and 1661.
Hele was the only son of Nicholas Hele of Wembury, Devon and Easton in Gordano, Somerset and his first wife Dorothy Stradling, daughter of Edmund Stradling of Easton in Gordano. He succeeded his father who died in 1640. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 21 October 1642 aged 16. He entered Lincoln's Inn in 1644 and was called to the bar in 1652. He bought the manor of Flanchford before 1656.
In 1659, Hele became a J.P. for Surrey and was commissioner for militia. He was also elected Member of Parliament for Reigate in the Third Protectorate Parliament. He was commissioner for assessment from January 1660 and commissioner for militia in March 1660. In April 1660 he was re-elected MP for Reigate in the Third Protectorate Parliament. He was also a colonel of militia from April 1660 and was commissioner for oyer and terminer for the Home circuit from July 1660.
Hele died intestate at the age of 34.
Hele married Dorothy, who was daughter of Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet., of Blickling, Norfolk and widow of Sir John Hele of Clifton Maybank, Dorset, and of Hugh Rogers of Cannington, Somerset. She married Lord Crofts as her fourth husband "after six weeks’ mourning".
# John Pollen

John Pollen may refer to:
* John Hungerford Pollen (senior) (1820–1902), English writer on crafts and furniture
* John Hungerford Pollen (Jesuit) (1858–1925), English Jesuit, known as a historian of the Protestant Reformation
* John Pollen (died 1775), British lawyer and politician
* John Pollen (died 1719), his father, MP for Andover
# Derek Westerman

Derek Westerman is an American screenwriter, film director, and film producer born and raised in Toledo, Ohio. His debut work was the independent web comedy series Bad Dads, a series of five, three-minute shorts featuring Michael Cera and Will Hines, which premiered on the website CollegeHumor during its 2011 Spring Season of original web shows. Bad Dads premiered at the Dallas International Film Festival, Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films, L.A. Comedy Shorts Film Festival, and was featured at the 2011 Just for Laughs comedy festival in Chicago, Illinois and Montreal, Quebec.
Westerman has worked with many comedians of Upright Citizens Brigade and wrote sketch comedy with Michael Cera while he was involved in the filming of Arrested Development. His senior thesis film from Loyola Marymount University starred Clark Duke alongside Michael Cera. He attended film school at Loyola Marymount University from 2002 to 2006 in Los Angeles, California and received his master's degree in Visual Culture Theory in 2010 from NYU. In 2019, Westerman partnered with screenwriter Yolanda Ruiz to create Ruiz Westerman Screenwriting Services. He currently lives in Los Angeles, California.
# James Powrie

Dr James Powrie of Reswallie FRSE FGS (1815–1895) was a 19th-century Scottish geologist, palaeontologist and astronomer. He amassed a major collection of fossils during his lifetime.

## Life

He was born at Reswallie House in Angus in 1814/15 the son of William Powrie (1770–1845), a Dundee merchant and manufacturer with premises at East Chapelshade (sic). Powrie Lane in Dundee appears to be named after him. His brother Thomas Powrie appears to have run the family business in the 1830s.
James studied science at St Andrews University, graduating MA around 1835. In 1845 he inherited his father's business in Dundee and the Reswallie estate.
In 1865 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposer was David Page.
In 1868/9 he was president of the Edinburgh Geological Society. He regularly corresponded with the botanist George Gordon, Charles William Peach, Sir Edwin Lankester and Henry Woodward.
He died of a heart attack on 25 May 1895. He is buried in the family plot at Rescobie churchyard near Forfar.
A number of his fossils were donated to the Forfar Museum and the Royal Scottish Museum.

## Publications

* The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone (1868)

## Family

He was married to Mary Dickson (died 1903).
They had a son Thomas Powrie (1843–1933) and daughter Isabella Powrie (died 1939).
# Karl von Lobenhoffer

Karl Ritter von Lobenhoffer (born 1843 – died 1901) was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and Chief of the General Staff of the Bavarian army from 1896 to 1901.
Von Lobenhoffer was son of Wilhelm Lobenhoffer (died 1862), a royal Bavarian judge. He is buried on the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich.

## References and notes

* ↑ In German personal names, von is a preposition which approximately means 'of' or 'from' and usually denotes some sort of nobility. While von (always lower case) is part of the family name or territorial designation, not a first or middle name, if the noble is referred to by his last name, use Schiller, Clausewitz or Goethe, not von Schiller, etc.
* ↑ History of the FSG Pfaffenhofen Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (German).
Military offices :
| Preceded bymissing | Quartermaster General / Chief of the General Staff (Kingdom of Bavaria) 1896–1901 | Succeeded bymissing |
* This biographical article related to the military of Germany is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Economy of Vatican City

The economy of Vatican City is mainly supported financially by the sale of stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos as well as fees for admission to museums and publication sales. Vatican City employed 4,822 people in 2016.
The Vatican City receives subsidies from the Italian state, which include the water supply free of charge, tax exemptions and other kinds of dedicated public funding.
Vatican City issues its own coins and stamps. It has used the euro as its currency since 1 January 1999, owing to a special agreement with the European Union (council decision 1999/98). Euro coins and notes were introduced on 1 January 2002—the Vatican does not issue euro banknotes. Issuance of euro-denominated coins is strictly limited by treaty, though somewhat more than usual is allowed in a year in which there is a change in the papacy. Because of their rarity, Vatican euro coins are highly sought by collectors.

## Key statistics
### Budget

* revenues: €770 million (2021)
* expenditures: €803 million (2021)
* deficit: €33m (2021)

### Industries

Printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities.

### Electricity – production

442 MWh (2010) from solar panels.

### Electricity – imports

Electricity supplied by Italy.

### Currency

Euro (since 2002). Vatican City depends on Italy for practical production of banknotes, stamps and other valuable titles. Owing to their rarity, Vatican euro coins are sought by collectors.
The fiscal year is the calendar year.
# Dentellaria sloaneana

Dentellaria sloaneana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Pleurodontidae.
This species occurs in Jamaica.
# Harold V. Coes

Harold Vinton Coes (June 21, 1883 – 1959) was an American industrial engineer, partner in Ford, Bacon and Davis Consultants, and 62nd president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1943–1944.
Coes was born in 1883 in Hyde Park, Boston, son of Zorester Bennett Coes, a Harvard graduate and engineer, and Alice (Miller) Coes. After attending Northeast Manual Training School, he obtained his BSc from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1906.
After graduation in 1906 Coes started his career the industry at the Liquid Carbonic Company, producer of industrial gases. Next he worked for the Searchlight Gas Company of Chicago, and later for the Sentinel Manufacturing Company of New Haven, Connecticut. Subsequently, he worked as industrial engineer for Lockwood, Greene & Company and Gunn, Richards & Company. Later in the 1910s he started as Philadelphia Manager of Ford, Bacon & Davis, where he eventually became partner in the firm.

## Selected publications
### Books

* Coes, Harold Vinton. Statements and Statistics as Working Tools of Effective Management. American Management Association, 1927.
* Harold V. Coes. Educational orders for peacetime munitions production, 1939.
* Harold V. Coes. Production control; time study and motion study, 1947; 1950.

### Articles

* Harold V. Coes, "Making the Factory Fit the Job," in: John R. Dunlap ed. Industrial Management: The Engineering Magazine, Vol. 63. 1922, p. 34-35
Voorkant
* Coes, H. V. "Mechanical scheduling." Dutton HP (ed) 110 (1928): 69–74.
* Harold V. Coes, "Management and the engineer," in: Mining and Metallurgy, Sept. 1943. p. 398-400

### Patents

* Coes, Harold V. "Self-contained time-controlled operating mechanism." U.S. Patent No. 1,161,618. 23 Nov. 1915.
* Coes, Harold V. "Heat-distributer [sic] for cooking-compartments." U.S. Patent No. 1,168,857. 18 Jan. 1916.
# For the Love of Money (album)

For the Love of Money is the fourth album by the industrial hip hop group Tackhead, released on January 10, 2014, by Dude Records. It marks their first full-length release of studio material since Strange Things, released twenty-four years prior. It comprises covers of musical acts that have proven influential to the group over the years, along with an extended cut of their original song "Stealing" from Friendly as a Hand Grenade.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| Germany | 2014 | Dude | CD, LP | DR109 |
# Jacksonville Courier

The Jacksonville Courier was a newspaper in Jacksonville, Florida (East Florida) from 1835 to 1839 and is the first known paper established in Jacksonville. It was edited by Elijah Williams.
It was established by Williams and Lorenzo Currier. They were from Massachusetts. It was succeeded by the East Florida Advocate.
It was a weekly paper. It reported on the first known school established in Jacksonville. David Brown also served as editor of the paper and was rector at St. Johns Church.
# Franz Bauer (sculptor)

Franz Bauer (1798, Vienna - 14 March 1872, Vienna) was an Austrian sculptor in the late Classical style.

## Life and work

From 1814, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, with Johann Nepomuk Schaller then, after 1815, worked in the studios of Josef Klieber. A travel grant enabled him to study in Rome, where he worked with Bertel Thorvaldsen.
He returned to Vienna in 1842 and taught at the Academy. He was appointed a Professor at the preparatory school in 1852 and, from 1865, headed the general sculpture school.
His best known students included Carl Kundmann, Antonín Pavel Wagner, Johannes Benk, Rudolf Weyr and Viktor Oskar Tilgner.

## Selected works

* Pieta (marble), Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1841/1842
* St. Ferdinand, niche figure, Johann Nepomuk Church, 1844
* Saintly figure on the portal of the Altlerchenfelder Pfarrkirche [de], c.1858

## Source

* Biography by W. Krause @ the Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon
* This article about an Austrian sculptor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# John Pollard (writer)

John Richard Thornhill Pollard (5 April 1914 – 25 August 2013) was a British writer who wrote a number of books on classic history and his travels in Africa. His African books include many stories of Raymond Hook, a larger than life character who ran a zoo farm.

## Biography

John Pollard was born in Exeter in 1914, educated in Herefordshire and Devon and at Exeter College, Oxford. Formerly a classical schoolmaster, then a lecturer in Classics at St Andrews University and the University of Wales.
During WWII he served as an officer with the Devonshire Regiment and the King's African Rifles in Italian Somaliland, Abyssinia, Kenya and Uganda.
He travelled extensively throughout the whole African continent and throughout Europe, with a keen interest in mountaineering, natural history, angling and sport of every description.
He later moved to Bangor, North Wales with his wife and children.

## Books
### Books on Africa
#### Adventure Begins in Kenya (1957)

Published by Robert Hale, 1957. Pollard's first book set in Africa describes a quest for the rare Lammergeyer vulture-eagle. The search takes him to Mount Kenya where he is accompanied by remarkable hunter and naturalist, Raymond Hook.

#### Africa for Adventure (1961)

Published by Robert Hale, 1961. A follow up to his first book, Pollard recounts a further series of adventures with Raymond Hook throughout East Africa. Including tales of charging elephants, dangerous snakes, man-eating lions and tragedy on an icy mountain.

#### African Zoo Man (1963)

Published by Robert Hale, 1963. Pollard's biography of his remarkable friend Raymond Hook. Recounting Hook's search for the Spotted Lion, running an African zoo, milking deadly puff adders, surviving two World Wars, and racing cheetahs against Greyhounds.

#### The Long Safari (1967)

Published by Robert Hale, 1967. Pollard's fourth and final book set in Africa, he recounts his ambitious 2,000 mile safari from Mwingi, Kenya through the wilderness to reach Eritrea on the Red Sea.

### History Books

* Journey to the Styx (C.Johnson, 1955)
* Wolves and Werewolves (Robert Hale, 1964)
* Seers, Shrines and Sirens (George Allen & Unwin, 1965)
* Helen of Troy (Robert Hale, 1965)
* Birds in Greek Life and Myth (Thames and Hudson, 1977)
# Derek Wheatley

Derek Peter Francis Wheatley QC (died 23 September 2018) was an English barrister, legal advisor and novelist.
Wheatley was educated at University College, Oxford, going up to Oxford in 1944. He became a barrister and was involved with the case of Isabel Earl, who was tried at the Old Bailey for murder. As a barrister, he handled both criminal and commercial cases. Subsequently, he was a Recorder (judge) of the Crown Court and a Deputy Coroner of the Queen's Household (1959–64).
Later, he joined Lloyds Bank as its Chief Legal Advisor. Wheatley wrote many articles for newspapers and legal journals. He also wrote a novel, The Silent Lady (Mona Lisa), based on his experiences as a barrister, especially the Isabel Earl case.
He died on 23 September 2018 at the age of 92.
# James Praed

James Praed may refer to:
* James Praed (died 1706) (1655–1706), English politician
* James Praed (died 1687), English politician
* James Backwell Praed (1779–1837), English politician
# Karl Borromäus Thumann

Karl Borromäus Thumann (13 September 1820 – 15 May 1874) was a German theologian. A succession of promotions within the church culminated with his appointment in 1869 as Vicar general in Bamberg (Bavaria).

## Life

Karl Borromäus Thumann was born in Bamberg in 1820, approximately seventeen years after the area had been annexed by Bavaria. On leaving school he attended Bamberg's Ernestine seminary and Munich University, studying philosophy and Catholic theology. On 2 March 1844 he was ordained into the priesthood, and he received his doctorate in theology in 1845. His first incumbency was as a vicar at Zeuln. Just two years later, however, despite his youth he was appointed, on 14 October 1846, to the post of "regent" of the Ducal Georgianum (seminary), which had been relocated from Landshut to Munich twenty years earlier. On 8 October 1855 he was promoted to the directorship of the Georgianum, at the same time being appointed to a full teaching professorship in pastoral theology, liturgy, homiletics, and catechetics at the University.
He resigned from his Munich work due to nervous exhaustion and returned to Bamberg, taking a job in the cathedral chapter on 29 May 1863. In 1869 he was appointed Vicar general for the diocese. Thumann died on 15 May 1874, five months short of his fifty-fourth birthday.
# Ignacio Burgoa

Ignacio Burgoa Orihuela (March 13, 1918 – November 6, 2005) was a Mexican lawyer, professor, and writer.
He was a federal judge in Mexico City, and a respected lawyer in Mexico.
He studied law and obtained his PhD from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, where he taught for more than 58 years. He was author of the most renowned law books in his field in Mexico since 1943, when, at age 25, he published his first book El Juicio de Amparo ("The Amparo Trial") that was the first systematic treaty on the subject and has become the most read and referred book by specialists in the constitutional trial of amparo in Mexico. In 1944 he published his second book Las Garantías Individuales ("Constitutional Guarantees"), and in 1973 he published Derecho Constitucional Mexicano ("Mexican Constitutional Law"). These three books that have had tenths of editions, cover all of the constitutional topics in Mexico and are consulted and referred by all professors, attorneys and judges in Mexico, where he has been the most known attorney for decades.
From 1951 to 1954 he was a Federal Judge in Administrative Matters in Mexico City, a position in which he obtained a well earned reputation of just and wise. After he resigned from that charge, he dedicated his activity to litigating and teaching. In any case that was important or in the public eye, Ignacio Burgoa would be involved in one way or another, as an attorney, or simply assisting the persons involved with his very respected opinion. At any time that the media needed a legal opinion on public affairs they would consult him, as well as many authorities did. He had only the Constitution and the Law as his guiding lines and usually settled any differences as of which should be the interpretation of either one, even between authorities. He wrote articles in diverse Law Reviews and for several newspapers and magazines that dealt with public matters.
He spoke five languages: Latin, German, French, English and his native Spanish.
He is one of the most important Mexican attorneys, law professors and law writers of the twentieth century. A magistrate of the Supreme Court once referred to him as "The Conscience of Mexico".
In 1997, Burgoa spoke out against indigenous autonomy in Mexico, claiming that they "would return to human sacrifice".

## Selected works

* El Juicio de Amparo ("The Amparo Trial"), 1943
* Las Garantias Individuales ("Constitutional Guarantees"), 1944
* Derecho Constitucional Mexicano ("Mexican Constitutional Law"), 1973
* Diccionario de Derecho Constitucional, Garantías y Amparo (Dictionary of Constitutional Law, Guarantees and Protection), 1984
* Antología de su Pensamiento (Anthology of His Thinking), 1987.
* Memorias. Epítome Autobiográfico 1918–1996, (Memoirs), 1996
* El Jurista y el Simulador del Derecho (The Jurist and the Simulator of Law), 1988
* El Proceso de Cristo, 2000