# Family tree of Kedahan monarchs

Genealogies of Kedah Rulers can be found in two traditional Malay texts, the first one being Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, a chronicle written in the late 16th century, and the other is Al-Tarikh Salasilah Kedah ('genealogies of Kedah'), a royal-sanctioned history published in 1928. The records however do not provide consistent genealogies for the early Rulers of Kedah. According to the Hikayat, Kedah's first Ruler was Merong Mahawangsa. In the Salasilah, it is stated that the first Kedah Ruler was Derbar Raja I who originated from Persia in the 9th century CE.
Nevertheless, the Hikayat and Salasilah do share some similarities, the most important is that both texts state that the first converted Ruler to Islam took the name Sultan Muzaffar Shah, although the original name of the Ruler is different. Hikayat mentions that Raja Phra Ong Mahawangsa was the first to convert to Islam, while in the Salasilah, it is stated it was Derbar Raja II. The following family tree is based on the royal-sanctioned Salasilah. The beginning of Sultan Mudzaffar Shah I's reign is typically dated to 1136 in Kedah tradition.
House of Mahawangsa :
| Derbar Raja I | Derbar Raja I | Derbar Raja I | Derbar Raja I | Derbar Raja I | Derbar Raja I | | | | | | |
| Diraja Putra | Diraja Putra | Diraja Putra | Diraja Putra | Diraja Putra | Diraja Putra | | | | | | |
| Maha Dewa I | Maha Dewa I | Maha Dewa I | Maha Dewa I | Maha Dewa I | Maha Dewa I | | | | | | |
| Karna DiRaja | Karna DiRaja | Karna DiRaja | Karna DiRaja | Karna DiRaja | Karna DiRaja | | | | | | |
| Kerma | Kerma | Kerma | Kerma | Kerma | Kerma | | | | | | |
| Maha Dewa II | Maha Dewa II | Maha Dewa II | Maha Dewa II | Maha Dewa II | Maha Dewa II | | | | | | |
| Dharma Raja | Dharma Raja | Dharma Raja | Dharma Raja | Dharma Raja | Dharma Raja | | | | | | |
| Maha Jiwa | Maha Jiwa | Maha Jiwa | Maha Jiwa | Maha Jiwa | Maha Jiwa | | | | | | |
| Mudzaffar I (Derbar Raja II) $^{(1)}$ r. 1136–1179 | Mudzaffar I (Derbar Raja II) $^{(1)}$ r. 1136–1179 | Mudzaffar I (Derbar Raja II) $^{(1)}$ r. 1136–1179 | Mudzaffar I (Derbar Raja II) $^{(1)}$ r. 1136–1179 | Mudzaffar I (Derbar Raja II) $^{(1)}$ r. 1136–1179 | Mudzaffar I (Derbar Raja II) $^{(1)}$ r. 1136–1179 | | | | | | |
| Mu'adzam $^{(2)}$ r. 1179–1201 | Mu'adzam $^{(2)}$ r. 1179–1201 | Mu'adzam $^{(2)}$ r. 1179–1201 | Mu'adzam $^{(2)}$ r. 1179–1201 | Mu'adzam $^{(2)}$ r. 1179–1201 | Mu'adzam $^{(2)}$ r. 1179–1201 | | | | | | |
| Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1201–1236 | Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1201–1236 | Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1201–1236 | Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1201–1236 | Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1201–1236 | Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1201–1236 | | | | | | |
| Mudzaffar II $^{(4)}$ r. 1236–1280 | Mudzaffar II $^{(4)}$ r. 1236–1280 | Mudzaffar II $^{(4)}$ r. 1236–1280 | Mudzaffar II $^{(4)}$ r. 1236–1280 | Mudzaffar II $^{(4)}$ r. 1236–1280 | Mudzaffar II $^{(4)}$ r. 1236–1280 | | | | | | |
| Mahmud I $^{(5)}$ r. 1280–1321 | Mahmud I $^{(5)}$ r. 1280–1321 | Mahmud I $^{(5)}$ r. 1280–1321 | Mahmud I $^{(5)}$ r. 1280–1321 | Mahmud I $^{(5)}$ r. 1280–1321 | Mahmud I $^{(5)}$ r. 1280–1321 | | | | | | |
| Ibrahim $^{(6)}$ r. 1321–1373 | Ibrahim $^{(6)}$ r. 1321–1373 | Ibrahim $^{(6)}$ r. 1321–1373 | Ibrahim $^{(6)}$ r. 1321–1373 | Ibrahim $^{(6)}$ r. 1321–1373 | Ibrahim $^{(6)}$ r. 1321–1373 | | | | | | |
| Sulaiman $^{(7)}$ r. 1373–1422 | Sulaiman $^{(7)}$ r. 1373–1422 | Sulaiman $^{(7)}$ r. 1373–1422 | Sulaiman $^{(7)}$ r. 1373–1422 | Sulaiman $^{(7)}$ r. 1373–1422 | Sulaiman $^{(7)}$ r. 1373–1422 | | | | | | |
| Ataullah I $^{(8)}$ r. 1422–1472 | Ataullah I $^{(8)}$ r. 1422–1472 | Ataullah I $^{(8)}$ r. 1422–1472 | Ataullah I $^{(8)}$ r. 1422–1472 | Ataullah I $^{(8)}$ r. 1422–1472 | Ataullah I $^{(8)}$ r. 1422–1472 | | | | | | |
| Muhammad Jiwa I $^{(9)}$ r. 1472–1506 | Muhammad Jiwa I $^{(9)}$ r. 1472–1506 | Muhammad Jiwa I $^{(9)}$ r. 1472–1506 | Muhammad Jiwa I $^{(9)}$ r. 1472–1506 | Muhammad Jiwa I $^{(9)}$ r. 1472–1506 | Muhammad Jiwa I $^{(9)}$ r. 1472–1506 | | | | | | |
| Mahmud II $^{(10)}$ r. 1506–1546 | Mahmud II $^{(10)}$ r. 1506–1546 | Mahmud II $^{(10)}$ r. 1506–1546 | Mahmud II $^{(10)}$ r. 1506–1546 | Mahmud II $^{(10)}$ r. 1506–1546 | Mahmud II $^{(10)}$ r. 1506–1546 | | | | | | |
| Mudzaffar III $^{(11)}$ r. 1546–1602 | Mudzaffar III $^{(11)}$ r. 1546–1602 | Mudzaffar III $^{(11)}$ r. 1546–1602 | Mudzaffar III $^{(11)}$ r. 1546–1602 | Mudzaffar III $^{(11)}$ r. 1546–1602 | Mudzaffar III $^{(11)}$ r. 1546–1602 | | | | | | |
| Sulaiman II $^{(12)}$ r. 1602–1619 | Sulaiman II $^{(12)}$ r. 1602–1619 | Sulaiman II $^{(12)}$ r. 1602–1619 | Sulaiman II $^{(12)}$ r. 1602–1619 | Sulaiman II $^{(12)}$ r. 1602–1619 | Sulaiman II $^{(12)}$ r. 1602–1619 | | | | | | |
| Rijaluddin $^{(13)}$ r. 1619–1651 | Rijaluddin $^{(13)}$ r. 1619–1651 | Rijaluddin $^{(13)}$ r. 1619–1651 | Rijaluddin $^{(13)}$ r. 1619–1651 | Rijaluddin $^{(13)}$ r. 1619–1651 | Rijaluddin $^{(13)}$ r. 1619–1651 | | | | | | |
| Muhyiddin $^{(14)}$ r. 1651–1661 | Muhyiddin $^{(14)}$ r. 1651–1661 | Muhyiddin $^{(14)}$ r. 1651–1661 | Muhyiddin $^{(14)}$ r. 1651–1661 | Muhyiddin $^{(14)}$ r. 1651–1661 | Muhyiddin $^{(14)}$ r. 1651–1661 | | | | | | |
| Ziauddin I $^{(15)}$ r. 1661–1687 | Ziauddin I $^{(15)}$ r. 1661–1687 | Ziauddin I $^{(15)}$ r. 1661–1687 | Ziauddin I $^{(15)}$ r. 1661–1687 | Ziauddin I $^{(15)}$ r. 1661–1687 | Ziauddin I $^{(15)}$ r. 1661–1687 | | | | | | |
| Ataullah II $^{(16)}$ r. 1687–1698 | Ataullah II $^{(16)}$ r. 1687–1698 | Ataullah II $^{(16)}$ r. 1687–1698 | Ataullah II $^{(16)}$ r. 1687–1698 | Ataullah II $^{(16)}$ r. 1687–1698 | Ataullah II $^{(16)}$ r. 1687–1698 | | | | | | |
| Abdullah Mu'adzam $^{(17)}$ r. 1698–1706 | Abdullah Mu'adzam $^{(17)}$ r. 1698–1706 | Abdullah Mu'adzam $^{(17)}$ r. 1698–1706 | Abdullah Mu'adzam $^{(17)}$ r. 1698–1706 | Abdullah Mu'adzam $^{(17)}$ r. 1698–1706 | Abdullah Mu'adzam $^{(17)}$ r. 1698–1706 | | | | | | |
| Ahmad Tajuddin I $^{(18)}$ r. 1706–1709 | Ahmad Tajuddin I $^{(18)}$ r. 1706–1709 | Ahmad Tajuddin I $^{(18)}$ r. 1706–1709 | Ahmad Tajuddin I $^{(18)}$ r. 1706–1709 | Ahmad Tajuddin I $^{(18)}$ r. 1706–1709 | Ahmad Tajuddin I $^{(18)}$ r. 1706–1709 | Muhammad Jiwa II $^{(19)}$ r. 1710–1778 | Muhammad Jiwa II $^{(19)}$ r. 1710–1778 | Muhammad Jiwa II $^{(19)}$ r. 1710–1778 | Muhammad Jiwa II $^{(19)}$ r. 1710–1778 | Muhammad Jiwa II $^{(19)}$ r. 1710–1778 | Muhammad Jiwa II $^{(19)}$ r. 1710–1778 |
| Abdullah Mukarram $^{(20)}$ r. 1778–1798 | Abdullah Mukarram $^{(20)}$ r. 1778–1798 | Abdullah Mukarram $^{(20)}$ r. 1778–1798 | Abdullah Mukarram $^{(20)}$ r. 1778–1798 | Abdullah Mukarram $^{(20)}$ r. 1778–1798 | Abdullah Mukarram $^{(20)}$ r. 1778–1798 | Ziauddin II $^{(21)}$ r. 1798–1804 | Ziauddin II $^{(21)}$ r. 1798–1804 | Ziauddin II $^{(21)}$ r. 1798–1804 | Ziauddin II $^{(21)}$ r. 1798–1804 | Ziauddin II $^{(21)}$ r. 1798–1804 | Ziauddin II $^{(21)}$ r. 1798–1804 |
| Ahmad Tajuddin II $^{(22)}$ r. 1804–1821 r. 1842–1845 | Ahmad Tajuddin II $^{(22)}$ r. 1804–1821 r. 1842–1845 | Ahmad Tajuddin II $^{(22)}$ r. 1804–1821 r. 1842–1845 | Ahmad Tajuddin II $^{(22)}$ r. 1804–1821 r. 1842–1845 | Ahmad Tajuddin II $^{(22)}$ r. 1804–1821 r. 1842–1845 | Ahmad Tajuddin II $^{(22)}$ r. 1804–1821 r. 1842–1845 | | | | | | |
| Zainal Rashid I $^{(23)}$ r. 1845–1854 | Zainal Rashid I $^{(23)}$ r. 1845–1854 | Zainal Rashid I $^{(23)}$ r. 1845–1854 | Zainal Rashid I $^{(23)}$ r. 1845–1854 | Zainal Rashid I $^{(23)}$ r. 1845–1854 | Zainal Rashid I $^{(23)}$ r. 1845–1854 | | | | | | |
| Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram $^{(24)}$ r. 1854–1879 | Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram $^{(24)}$ r. 1854–1879 | Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram $^{(24)}$ r. 1854–1879 | Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram $^{(24)}$ r. 1854–1879 | Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram $^{(24)}$ r. 1854–1879 | Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram $^{(24)}$ r. 1854–1879 | | | | | | |
| Zainal Rashid II $^{(25)}$ r. 1879–1881 | Zainal Rashid II $^{(25)}$ r. 1879–1881 | Zainal Rashid II $^{(25)}$ r. 1879–1881 | Zainal Rashid II $^{(25)}$ r. 1879–1881 | Zainal Rashid II $^{(25)}$ r. 1879–1881 | Zainal Rashid II $^{(25)}$ r. 1879–1881 | Abdul Hamid $^{(26)}$ r. 1882–1943 | Abdul Hamid $^{(26)}$ r. 1882–1943 | Abdul Hamid $^{(26)}$ r. 1882–1943 | Abdul Hamid $^{(26)}$ r. 1882–1943 | Abdul Hamid $^{(26)}$ r. 1882–1943 | Abdul Hamid $^{(26)}$ r. 1882–1943 |
| Badlishah $^{(27)}$ r. 1943–1958 | Badlishah $^{(27)}$ r. 1943–1958 | Badlishah $^{(27)}$ r. 1943–1958 | Badlishah $^{(27)}$ r. 1943–1958 | Badlishah $^{(27)}$ r. 1943–1958 | Badlishah $^{(27)}$ r. 1943–1958 | Tunku Abdul Rahman | Tunku Abdul Rahman | Tunku Abdul Rahman | Tunku Abdul Rahman | Tunku Abdul Rahman | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Abdul Halim $^{(28)}$ r. 1958–2017 Agong V r. 1970–1975 Agong XIV r. 2011–2016 | Abdul Halim $^{(28)}$ r. 1958–2017 Agong V r. 1970–1975 Agong XIV r. 2011–2016 | Abdul Halim $^{(28)}$ r. 1958–2017 Agong V r. 1970–1975 Agong XIV r. 2011–2016 | Abdul Halim $^{(28)}$ r. 1958–2017 Agong V r. 1970–1975 Agong XIV r. 2011–2016 | Abdul Halim $^{(28)}$ r. 1958–2017 Agong V r. 1970–1975 Agong XIV r. 2011–2016 | Abdul Halim $^{(28)}$ r. 1958–2017 Agong V r. 1970–1975 Agong XIV r. 2011–2016 | Sallehuddin $^{(29)}$ r. 2017–present | Sallehuddin $^{(29)}$ r. 2017–present | Sallehuddin $^{(29)}$ r. 2017–present | Sallehuddin $^{(29)}$ r. 2017–present | Sallehuddin $^{(29)}$ r. 2017–present | Sallehuddin $^{(29)}$ r. 2017–present |