OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edith Clasper

Edith Crosbie Clasper (October 12, 1894 – May 1984) was an English-born American dancer active on the vaudeville stage in the 1920s.

## Early life and education

Clasper was born in Stranton, Hartlepool, the daughter of Robert Clasper and Barbara Crosbie Clasper. Her mother was born in Scotland. Her father died in 1898. Clasper moved to the United States as a little girl, with her widowed mother, and lived with relatives in Chicago.

## Career

Clasper was billed as "the daintiest of dancers". She headlined on tours of the United States and Canada in the 1920s, as the leader of Edith Clasper and Boys, a comedy dance act. She cautioned beginning dancers that "it is just downright hard work" and advised them to "dance, not only with your heels, but with your head." In 1920 she was stricken mid-performance with appendicitis in Madison, Wisconsin; her male assistants carried her off-stage and continued the act, while she took a train back to Chicago for medical attention.
The Pacific Coast Musical Review reported in 1920 that Clasper "has every asset necessary to the successful dancer — appearance, youth, grace, abandon, and poetry." The Montreal Star observed in 1923 that Clasper "obviously delights to dance. There is a freshness about her work that is infectious." Variety magazine reported on her stage costumes in detail.
In his youth, actor Dick Baldwin was one of the male dancers in Clasper's act.

## Personal life

Later in life, Clasper worked as a baby nurse for a family on Park Avenue. She became a naturalized United States citizen in 1953. She died in 1984, at the age of 89.
# Gonospira bourguignati

Gonospira bourguignati is a species of air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Streptaxidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 9 mm.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Réunion, an island located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar.
# Indo Global Colleges

The Indo Global Colleges are a group of private, self-financed institutes located in Abhipur, Punjab, India. The colleges were established in 2003 by the Indo Global Education Foundation (IGEF) and are affiliated to Punjab Technical University (PTU), offering various courses in engineering, architecture and management at bachelor and master levels.

## Campus

The Indo Global Colleges are located at Indo Global Education City, extending over an area of 70 acres (0.28 km$^2$) in the village Abhipur of the Mohali district of Punjab.
The campus contains campuses for each college. There is also an IBM Center of Excellence at the Engineering campus.

## Academics

The Indo Global Colleges currently consist of four colleges. The college of engineering offers four-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.), and two-year Master of Technology (M.Tech.) degrees in various engineering fields. The college of architecture offers a five-year program awarding Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.), the college of education offers a one-year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programme. The college of management offers a two-year Master of Business Administration (MBA). All the colleges are affiliated to Punjab Technical University and the programmes are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

## Events and functions

IGEF has organized various events and functions to promote student culture in the institute. "Lamhe" is Indo Global Colleges annual fest being organized every year regarding freshers who joined college in respected year. It has been organized every year since 2003. "Leap" is a placement drive organized in 2010.
# Elie (surname)

Elie or Élie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antonio Élie (1893–1968), Canadian politician
* Freddy Elie (1946–2023), Venezuelan football player and manager
* Isaac Elie (born 1928), Sudanese hurdler
* Jean-Marie Elie (born 1950), French football manager
* Jennifer Elie (born 1986), American tennis player
* Justin Elie (1883–1931), Haitian composer and pianist
* Lolis Elie (1930–2017), American lawyer
* Lolis Eric Elie (born 1963), American writer
* Mario Elie (born 1963), American basketball player and coach
* Mbonda Elie, Cameroonian politician
* Melissia Elie (born 1991), American-born Guyanese footballer
* Paul Elie (born 1965), American writer and editor
* Remi Elie (born 1995), Canadian ice hockey player
* Romain Élie (born 1985), French football defender
* Roberto Elie (born 1959), Venezuelan football player
# Kilmanahan

Kilmanahan (Irish: Cill Mhainchín) is a townland in the historical barony of Glenahiry in County Waterford, Ireland. The townland, which has an area of approximately 2.75 square kilometres (1.06 sq mi), had a population of 40 people as of the 2011 census.
A church, traditionally associated with Saint Mainchin and which gives the area its name, was formerly located in the townland. The nearby Kilmanahan Castle, a Georgian manor house incorporating the structure of an earlier tower house, is sometimes associated with the Greene family.
# Just a Little Lovin' (disambiguation)

Just a Little Lovin' is a 2008 Dusty Springfield tribute album by Shelby Lynne.
Just a Little Lovin' may also refer to:
* "Just a Little Lovin' (Will Go a Long Way)", a 1948 song by Eddy Arnold
* "Just a Little Lovin'", a 1968 song by Dusty Springfield from Dusty in Memphis, covered by several performers
* Just a Little Lovin' (Carmen McRae album), 1970
* "Just a Little Lovin'", a song by Carmen Electra from Carmen Electra
# Jennifer Euston

Jennifer Euston is an American casting director.

## Career

Most recently, she won an Emmy for casting Orange Is the New Black in 2014.

## Casting director

(partial list)

### Television

* Orange Is the New Black, 2013- 2019
* Girls, 2012-2017
* The Pacific, 2010
* Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, 2015-2020
* GLOW, 2017-2019 ,
* Teenage Bounty Hunters, 2020-2020 ,

### Film

* Sleepwalk with Me, 2012
* Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, 2010
* Bride Wars, 2009
# Icelandic College of Art and Crafts

The Icelandic College of Arts and Crafts (Icelandic: Myndlista- og handíðaskóli Íslands) was founded in 1939 under the name Handíðaskólinn (The School of Industrial Arts), which was later changed to Myndlista- og handíðaskóli Íslands (MHÍ). When the Iceland University of the Arts (Icelandic: Listaháskóli Íslands, or LHÍ) was established in 1999, MHÍ merged with the institution and became Myndlistar- og Hönnunardeild LHÍ. (Arts and Design Division of LHÍ).
# Goodnow Hall

Goodnow Hall may refer to:
* Goodnow Hall (Grinnell College), Grinnell, Iowa, listed on the NRHP in Poweshiek County, Iowa
* Goodnow Hall (Kansas State University), Manhattan, Kansas
* Goodnow Hall, Huguenot College, Wellington, a heritage site in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
* The town hall of Charlemont, Massachusetts
# Elena Sangro

Elena Sangro (born Maria Antonietta Bartoli Avveduti; 5 September 1897 – 26 January 1969) was an Italian actress.

## Selected filmography

* The Crusaders (1918)
* Fabiola (1918)
* Samson (1923)
* Emperor Maciste (1924)
* Pleasure Train (1924)
* Quo Vadis? (1924)
* Maciste in the Lion's Cage (1926)
* Goodbye Youth (1927)
* Villa Falconieri (1928)
* L'abito nero da sposa (1945)
* The Young Caruso (1951)
# Gonzalo Condarco

Gonzalo Condarco is a Bolivian sculptor. His works are on display in the National Art Museum (Bolivia) in La Paz and the Museo de Arte Antonio Paredes Candia in El Alto.
# Gérin

Gérin is a French surname. Notable people with this name include:
* Gérin, one of the paladins of Charlemagne's court
* André Gerin (born 1946), French politician
* Elzéar Gérin (1843–1887), Canadian politician
* François Gérin (1944–2005), Canadian politician and lawyer
* Henri Gérin (1900–1941), Canadian politician
* John T. Gerin, American physician at Auburn State Prison in Auburn, New York
* Léon Gérin (1863–1951), Canadian lawyer, civil servant, and sociologist
* Léon-Denis Gérin (1894–1975), Canadian politician
* Maksim Gerin (born 1984), Russian footballer
* Winifred Gérin (1901–1981), English biographer

## Aircraft

* Gérin 1936 Varivol biplane
# Galium sylvaticum

Galium sylvaticum, commonly known as Scotch mist or wood bedstraw, is a plant species of the genus Rubiaceae. Its genus name, Galium, is derived from the Greek word for "milk," apparently because some species have been used to curdle milk.
It is native to central Europe: France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and smaller countries in between. It is also naturalized in scattered locations in North America (Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Ontario, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Washington and Oregon). It is often found in anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed) habitats, forest edges, meadows and fields.
It is a perennial, branching herb with thin stems. Its leaves are in whorls of six, each narrowly linear. Flowers are in open terminal panicles, white and four-petaled.
# Idiostethus tubulatus

Idiostethus tubulatus is a species of flower weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Kingsley Sambo

Kingsley Sambo (1936–1977) was a Rhodesian painter and cartoonist.

## Biography

Sambo was born in Rusape, where he lived until attending Cyrene Mission boarding school in the 1940s (his work in the exhibition The Stars Are Bright is dated 1945). He received art training there under Sam Songo and Canon Edward (Ned) Paterson. Later, he went to art school in Malawi. In 1959, he returned to Cyrene, where he taught art for a year. In 1960 he quit that job to become the cartoonist for the Daily News in Salisbury, which had a primarily African readership. Once in Salisbury he joined Frank McEwen's Workshop School, where he received further painting training. From early on in Salisbury he exhibited in annual competitions and other exhibitions organized by McEwen. Eschewing his mission background, he worked in oils and preferred to depict township scenes. As a jazz guitarist who played regularly in township shebeens, he often depicted the emerging urban party scene. These paintings moved away from straight realism, and their use of line and color was compared to Oskar Kokoschka. His job as Daily News cartoonist lasted for four years until the newspaper was banned.
In 1965 the former Cyrene headmaster, Ned Paterson, hired Sambo as an art instructor at Nyarutsetso school in Salisbury. Unfortunately, the marriage between the old-fashioned missionary and the fast-living Sambo proved short-lived. Sambo, hanging out at Job Kekana's art school in Rusape, began painting male and female nudes using the live models that were hired there. Paterson, scandalized, fired Sambo, who never had a full-time job again.
From the late 1960s on, Sambo worked out of his father's store in Rusape. After gaining a reputation with a series of risque murals painted at various drinking establishments in the Salisbury area, a stream of White buyers flocked to his father's store to buy his works. Due to suspicions caused by the ongoing Chimurenga liberation conflict, Sambo was suspected of being a sell-out. Eventually, his sports car was sabotaged in 1977 by ZANU members, leading to his untimely death.
Sambo's paintings are in the collections of the National Gallery of Zimbabwe, the exhibition The Stars Are Bright and in many private collections. Two are in the MoMA.
# Glyceria borealis

Glyceria borealis is a species of Glyceria known by the common names northern mannagrass, boreal mannagrass, and small floating mannagrass. It is native to much of the northern half of North America, where it has a widespread distribution. This semiaquatic plant grows in wet areas in mountain forests, often in the water.
It grows a tall and very thin stem often exceeding a meter in height when erect. It may bend, lie flat on the ground, or float in the water of ponds and streams. The leaves bear ligules up to a centimeter long. The narrow, long inflorescence has cylindrical spikelets one to two centimeters long, each made up of 6 to 11 florets with membranous margins.
# Enipeus

Enipeus or Enipeas may refer to:
* Enipeus (mythology), a river god in Greek mythology
* Enipeus (Elis), a river in rising near Salmone (Elis), Elis, Greece
* Enipeas (Thessaly), a river in Thessaly, Greece
* Enipeas (Pieria), a small river in Pieria (regional unit), Greece
* Enippeas, a town in Thessaly, Greece
# Incentive theory

Incentive theory may refer to:
* Organizational behavior#Organization structures and dynamics, a concept of human resources or management theory
* Motivation#Incentive theory, a motivational theory
# Gondreville, Meurthe-et-Moselle

Gondreville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France. It was a base for the United States Air Service during World War I.
# Galician Workers' Front

Galician Workers' Front (FOGA, Fronte Obreira Galega in Galician language) is a Galician political organization. It was formed in 2010 by militants of the trade union world, mainly of the Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG). The organization was integrated in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) until 2012, when the FOGA abandoned the BNG and was one of the three parties that formed Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood.

## History

FOGA had an MP in the Galician Parliament, Chelo Martínez, between 2012 and 2014. Its top leaders are Miguel Anxo Malvido, its national coordinator, and Tino Álvarez, the national spokesperson. in 2014 Chelo Martínez left FOGA and joined Cerna.
FOGA left Anova in 2014. Since then, FOGA has become closer to the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) again
FOGA supported We–Galician Candidacy in the 2015 Spanish general election. In the 2016 Spanish general election FOGA supported the BNG again. in January 2017 FOGA rejoined the BNG.
# Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa

The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made two technical changes, one relating to national election procedures and the other to the membership of the Financial and Fiscal Commission. It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, signed by Acting President Thabo Mbeki on 17 March 1999, and came into force two days later. It was signed and came into force simultaneously with the Fourth Amendment; the two amendments were separated because the Fourth involved provincial matters and had to be passed by the National Council of Provinces while the Fifth did not.

## Provisions

The Act made two technical modifications to the Constitution. The first was to clarify that, when the term of the National Assembly is due to expire, the President may issue the proclamation calling an election either before or after the term actually expires. The Fourth Amendment made the same change for elections to provincial legislatures. The second was to allow that the chairperson and deputy chairperson of the Financial and Fiscal Commission need not necessarily be permanent members of the commission.

## Formal title

The official short title of the amendment is "Constitution Fifth Amendment Act of 1999". It was originally titled "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Fifth Amendment Act, 1999" and numbered as Act No. 2 of 1999, but the Citation of Constitutional Laws Act, 2005 renamed it and abolished the practice of giving Act numbers to constitutional amendments.
# Idiostatus californicus

Idiostatus californicus, or Pictet's shieldback, is a species of shield-backed katydid in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in North America.
# Gorgodera amplicava

Gorgodera amplicava is a species of digenetic trematodes whose definitive hosts include amphibians. Its first intermediate host includes the fingernail clam, which is followed by a second intermediate host, which can be a snail, tadpole, or crayfish. Gorgodera is a distome, meaning its body includes two suckers, one oral and one ventral.
# 1611 in France

Events from the year 1611 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis XIII
* Regent: Marie de' Medici

## Births

* September 11 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. 1675)
* probable – Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan, French count and musketeer, on which the fictional D'Artagnan from the novel The Three Musketeers is based (d. 1673)

## Deaths

* June 8 – Jean Bertaut, French poet (b. 1552)
* October 3 – Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, French military leader (b. 1554)
# International cricket in 1913–14

The 1913–14 international cricket season was from September 1913 to April 1914.

## Season overview

International tours :
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] |
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| 13 December 1913 | South Africa | England | 0–4 [5] | — | — | — |
| 19 December 1913 | Australia | New Zealand | — | — | 2–1 [4] | — |
| 6 March 1914 | New Zealand | Australia | — | — | 0–2 [2] | — |

## December
### England in South Africa

Test series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 130 | 13–17 December | Herbie Taylor | Johnny Douglas | Lord's No. 1 Ground, Cape Town | England by an innings and 157 runs |
| Test 131 | 26–30 December | Herbie Taylor | Johnny Douglas | Old Wanderers, Johannesburg | England by an innings and 12 runs |
| Test 132 | 1–5 January | Herbie Taylor | Johnny Douglas | Old Wanderers, Johannesburg | England by 91 runs |
| Test 133 | 14–18 February | Herbie Taylor | Johnny Douglas | Lord's No. 1 Ground, Cape Town | Match drawn |
| Test 134 | 27 Feb–3 March | Herbie Taylor | Johnny Douglas | Crusaders Ground, Durban | England by 10 wickets |

### New Zealand in Australia

First-class Series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Match 1 | 19–22 December | William Evans | Dan Reese | The Gabba, Brisbane | New Zealand by 12 runs |
| Match 2 | 26–27 November | Victor Trumper | Dan Reese | Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney | New South Wales by an innings and 247 runs |
| Match 3 | 9–10 January | Warwick Armstrong | Dan Reese | Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne | Victoria by an innings and 110 runs |
| Match 4 | 16–19 January | Clem Hill | Dan Reese | Adelaide Oval, Adelaide | Match drawn |

## March
### Australia in New Zealand

Three-day Match Series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 186 | 6–9 March | Dan Reese | Monty Noble | Carisbrook, Dunedin | Sims' Australia XI by won by 7 wickets |
| Test 190 | 27–30 March | Lancelot Hemus | Arthur Sims | Eden Park, Auckland | Sims' Australia XI by an innings and 113 runs |
# Goniotorna leucophrys

Goniotorna leucophrys is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Madagascar.
# Gábor

Gábor (sometimes written Gabor) may refer to:
* Gábor (given name)
* Gabor (surname)
* Gabor sisters, the three famous actresses, Eva, Magda and Zsa Zsa
* Several scientific terms named after Dennis Gabor
** Gabor atom
** Gabor filter, a linear filter used in image processing
** Gabor transform
** Gabor Medal, a medal of Royal Society awarded to biologists
* Gabor (2014 film), a Spanish documentary film
* Gabor (2021 film), a Canadian documentary film
# Gentiana villosa

Gentiana villosa, the striped gentian, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the genus Gentiana. It is found mainly in the Eastern United States and is used medicinally by Native American tribes.

## Description

Gentiana villosa can reach a height of two feet. The leaves are lanceolet but are typically wider above the middle of the leaf. The leaves are dark green and shiny. The flowers are clustered at the terminal bud of the plant and are white with purple stripes. G. villosa typically blooms during the fall in late August to October. The flowers are pollinated by insects that are attracted to their purple stripes and nectar. G. villosa fruits during October to November. The seeds of G. villosa differ from other Gentians because they are wingless.
It is believed that G. villosa was misnamed because "villosa" translated in Latin means "hairy" and G. villosa actually has no hair which is known as glabrous. The flowers of G. villosa make this plant easy to identify because of their defined purple stripes.

## Distribution

Gentiana villosa is found mainly in pine barrens and open woodland regions of eighteen states in the East coast regions of the United States and spanning out to the mid-east regions of the United States. The states that G. villosa can be found in are AL, DC, DE, FL, GA, IN, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, NJ, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV. Of these eighteen states four of them IN, PA, OH, and MD have listed G. villosa as an endangered species.

## Uses

As the common name Sampson's snakeroot indicates, G. villosa is thought to aid in the relief of snakebites. In Appalachia the roots of G. villosa are carried as a charm. The Catawba Indians used the boiled roots as medicine to relieve back pain.
# Julie Fitzpatrick

Julie Lydia Fitzpatrick OBE FRSE is a Scottish scientist and academic. She is the CEO of Moredun Research Institute and Scotland's part-time Chief Scientific Advisor. She attended Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies meetings in that role.

## Life

Fitzpatrick studied to become a vet at the University of Glasgow and she gained her doctorate at the University of Bristol. Her masters degree in Epidemiology came by remote learning from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
She was a member of Edinburgh Infectious Diseases. She is a Professor and Chair in Food Security at the University of Glasgow’s College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences.
In 2021 she became Scotland's part-time Chief Scientific Advisor and she will become part of the Scottish Science Advisory Council who advise the Scottish Government. She took over from physicist Sheila Rowan in June 2021. Fitzpatrick will continue to also work as Chief Executive for the Moredun Research Institute who study animal welfare.
As the Scottish Government's advisor she attended Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland to advise on possible future scenarios. In September it was considered uncertain as more people went back to work and schools were returning and other changes were being made. In January 2022 hospital admissions including ICU rates were reducing.

## Awards and honours

She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2007 and a Fellow of the Royal Agricultural Society of Scotland in 2008.
Fitzpatrick was awarded an OBE for "services to livestock research" in 2014.
# Gorgo

Gorgo may refer to:
* Gorgons; the term "Gorgo" is the singular
* Görgö, the Hungarian name for the town of Spišský Hrhov, Slovakia
* Gorgo (mythology), a woman of king Aegyptus
* Another name for Medusa, one of the three monstrous Gorgons in Greek mythology
* Gorgo (film), a 1961 film, or its protagonist, the fictional giant monster Gorgo
* Gorgo, Queen of Sparta (6th–5th century BC), queen of Sparta, daughter of king Cleomenes I and wife of king Leonidas I
* 681 Gorgo, an asteroid
* Gorgo, a frazione (subdivision) of the comune of Latisana, Italy
* Gorgo, a former brush-footed butterfly genus now included in Erebia
* Gorgo, a character in the anime The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
# Golyam Izvor, Haskovo Province

Golyam Izvor is a village in Stambolovo Municipality, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria. The village has an almost entirely Roma (gypsy) population.