OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bicolored shrew

The bicolored shrew or bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in eastern, central and southern Europe and in western Asia. It is a nocturnal species and feeds on insects and other small creatures. Several litters of young are born during the warmer months of the year in a nest of dry grasses in a concealed location.

## Description

The bicoloured white-toothed shrew has a head and body length of 2.5 to 3.5 inches (64 to 89 mm) and a tail length of 2.5 to 3.5 inches (64 to 89 mm). It weighs about 7 to 13 grams (0.25 to 0.46 oz). The upperside is covered in short, dense dark brown fur and the underside is white, with a sharp dividing line between the two colours. The muzzle is long and pink, the teeth are white and the ears project through the hair. The tail is sparsely covered in slightly longer hairs. Young animals are rather paler in colour. These shrews often emit a shrill twittering chatter.

## Distribution and habitat

The bicoloured white-toothed shrew is found in eastern, central and southern Europe but not south western France, the Iberian Peninsula or southern Italy. It is also native to the Crimea, the Caucasus, Turkestan and Iran. In the Alps it is found at altitudes of up to 3,300 feet (1,000 m). The habitat of this shrew is pastureland, cultivated fields, gardens, hedgerows, piles of rubble and rubbish heaps. It sometimes seeks shelter in buildings in winter and avoids damp locations.

## Behaviour

The bicoloured white-toothed shrew is mainly nocturnal, emerging at dusk but remaining hidden in a cranny or the burrow of some other small animal by day. It is not as active as shrews in the genus Sorex. It is a carnivore, and feeds on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates and occasionally on small vertebrates.
Breeding takes place between April and September and there may be two to four litters in a year. A nest of dried grasses is constructed in a concealed position, and a litter of three to nine young are born after a thirty one-day gestation period. The young grow rapidly, suckle for about twenty six days, and become sexually mature at forty days.
When danger threatens, one of a family of young shrews will grab its mother's fur near the base of her tail with its jaws, and one by one, the others will hold on to each other's tails in sequence until the whole family is linked together. The mother then rapidly leads them to safety with the young trailing along behind. If the mother is lifted in the air, the young maintain their grip and dangle in a wriggling, furry chain.

## Research

The bicolored white-toothed shrew is a natural reservoir species for the Borna disease virus which is the causative agent of Borna disease, a meningoencephalitis of sheep, horses, and other warm-blooded animals including birds, cattle and cats, and may have links to psychiatric disorders in humans and be a hazard to man.
# Chigira Jinsentei

Chigira Jinsentei is the oldest ryokan (Japanese inn) in Ikaho, the part of Shibukawa city, Gunma Prefecture.
The basic facts:
* in 1502 the ryokan was founded in Ikaho, utilizing the Ikaho Onsen for the hot spring baths
* local onsen is about 2000 years old, noted already in Man'yōshū, the ancient Japanese poetry collection
* in 1900 popular writer Kenjirō Tokutomi wrote here his book Hototogisu
* the building was reconstructed after a fire about 100 years ago
* the reddish-brown spring water can help with feminine diseases.
# Chiloglottis reflexa

Chiloglottis reflexa, commonly known as the short-clubbed wasp orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-eastern Australia. It has two broad leaves and a single greenish-bronze or purplish flower with an ant-like callus covering most of the top of the labellum.

## Description

Chiloglottis reflexa is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with two egg-shaped to elliptic leaves 20–60 mm (0.8–2 in) long and 10–30 mm (0.4–1 in) wide. A single greenish-bronze or purplish flower 22–28 mm (0.9–1 in) long and 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) wide is borne on a flowering stem 60–100 mm (2–4 in) high. The dorsal sepal is spatula-shaped, 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long and 2–3.5 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide. The lateral sepals are linear, 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long, less than 1 mm (0.04 in) wide and curve downwards. There is a glandular tip 1–2.5 mm (0.04–0.1 in) long on the end of the dorsal sepal and 1.5–3.5 mm (0.06–0.1 in) long on the lateral sepals. The petals are oblong, 8–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, about 2.5 mm (0.1 in) wide and turned downwards near the ovary. The labellum is held horizontally, diamond-shaped, 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The callus resembles a large black ant surrounded by thin, stalked glands and covers most of the labellum. The column has narrow wings. Flowering occurs from December to May.

## Taxonomy and naming

This orchid species was first formally described in 1806 by Jacques Labillardière who gave it the name Epipactis reflexa and published the description in Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen. In 1917 George Claridge Druce changed the name to Chiloglottis reflexa. The specific epithet (reflexa) is a Latin word meaning "bent" or "turned back".

## Distribution and habitat

The short-clubbed wasp orchid grows in a wide range of habitats but is most common in coastal and near-coastal forest and heath. It occurs in New South Wales south from the Blue Mountains, in southern Victoria and in Tasmania.
# Bill Ashenfelter

William Nyman Ashenfelter (October 16, 1924 in Collegeville, Pennsylvania – June 4, 2010) was an American track and field athlete known for long-distance events. He was the younger brother of Horace Ashenfelter. In the Steeplechase at the 1952 Olympic Trials, both brothers ran together, with Horace edging ahead to take the win in the last lap. Both brothers broke the American record that had been held for 16 years by Harold Manning and both brothers qualified to run in the 1952 Olympics. While Bill was unable to finish his trial heat, Horace went on to win the gold medal in world record time. But Bill was not left out of making the world record book. A month earlier, Bill joined Reggie Pearman, John Barnes, and Mal Whitfield to set the world record in the 4 × 800 metres relay at 7:29.2.
Bill was the 1954 American champion in the 2 mile steeplechase. In 1951 he won the USA Cross Country Championships. Horace won the championships in 1954–5, completing the only set of brothers to win the championships.
# Eric Young (rugby union)

Sir Eric Young MInstME, MICE (6 February 1891 – 12 March 1973) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He played as a Centre. He was later knighted for his mining career.

## Rugby union career
### Amateur career

He went to Loretto School, and then went to Durham University. He played rugby for Durham University and Hartlepool Rovers.

### Provincial career

Until his selection for Scotland, Young turned out for Durham County.
He played for Whites Trial side on 6 January 1912.

### International career

The Edinburgh Evening News of 30 December 1910 noted that Young was 'big, strong and tremendously fast' and stated: 'Though associated as a senior with Durham County, Young is of Scottish parentage – and he was in the Loretto team which won the schools championship the other year.'
He was capped once for Scotland in 1911.

## Military career

In the First World War, he served with the 3rd Yorkshire Regiment as a Lieutenant and saw action in France.

## Mining career

He went into the mining industry, first as a mining engineer, at various sites around England, and then became Managing Director of Bolsover Colliery. He was one of the two original production members of the National Coal Board.
He was awarded a knighthood in the 1949 New Year Honours.
He was to quit the National Coal Board in 1950 after a spat with Philip Noel-Baker, the Minister of Fuel and Power. The Bradford Observer of 5 December 1950 noted:
   I understand that the main difference of opinion of Sir Eric Young, the [National Coal] Board, and the Minister is over the question of centralisation. Sir Eric has been an exponent of more de-centralisation for the coal industry and has continually pressed his views on the matter.
The Surrey Mirror of 8 December 1950 noted:
   Regarded as the country’s leading expert on coal production, he has been consistent in his expressed view that one of the solutions to the industry’s problems is harder work by the miners – a view that has not altogether endeared him to the miners and their trade union leaders.
The Northampton Chronicle and Echo of Tuesday 12 December 1950 headlines 'Intemperate language by Sir Eric Young' and notes that Philip Noel-Baker had decided to sack Young on 23 November and informed him then that he would not be re-appointed to the National Coal Board. On asking Sir Young for a statement, he said: 'There seems to be a conflict of opinion on what was said and done. The public may form their own judgement.'

## Family

He was the second son of Dr. Moffat Young (1866–1918) of West Hartlepool, originally of Derry; and Dorothea Dunn Morison (1856–1944) of Durham.
His grandmother Dorothy Rutherford (1824–1894) was from Midlothian.
He married Margaret Mary Hayward in 1928, a daughter of Rev. A. E. Hayward.
# Eristena fulva

Eristena fulva is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Yoshiyasu in 1987. It is found in Thailand.
# Eric Reyes

Eric Reyes may refer to:
* Eric Reyes (soccer), American-born, Puerto Rican soccer player
* Eric Reyes (basketball), Filipino basketball player
# Erik Lakomaa

Erik Martin Lakomaa (born 14 April 1977 in Linköping) is a Swedish scholar and political consultant known for his role as strategist for the no-campaign in the 2003 Swedish referendum on the euro. He has also advised a number of centre-right politicians, most notably Lars Wohlin and Nils Lundgren. In 2005 he was awarded the Rising Star Award as the best young political consultant outside the United States.
Lakomaa begun his career as editorial writer for the conservative news paper Svenska Dagbladet and he also edited the libertarian magazine Nyliberalen. In 2004 he founded the first political consultancy in Sweden. In March 2009 the newspaper Dagens Nyheter revealed that he was one of the organizers of the anti-FRA mass surveillance law grassroots campaign the year before.
Lakomaa is a graduate from Stockholm University, (B A Political Science), Stockholm School of Economics, (M.Sc. Business & Economics), a Ph D from Stockholm School of Economics (Economic History), where he also is an affiliated assistant professor at the Department of Marketing and Strategy and the director of the Institute for Economic and Business History Research. His research is focused on how organizations, private and public, handle external (technological, institutional, market driven) change. He has published on school reforms, technological change and internationalization in the media industry, and municipal tax policy. Lakomaa has also written on the history of the Swedish Psychological Defense Agency and the cooperation between the Government and civilian advertising agencies during the cold war. In addition to his research on school reforms he has been adviser to a number of local governments on school policy and expert in two government studies on the School System.
He is the grandson of Finnish aircraft designer Aarne Lakomaa.
# Erasmuskloof

Erasmuskloof is a suburb in the east of the city of Pretoria, South Africa. It borders the suburbs of Constantia Park, Waterkloof Glen, Moreleta Park, Elardus Park, Erasmus Park, Erasmusrand and Waterkloof Glen.
Erasmuskloof is positioned near the N1 highway and major shopping malls Menlyn Park, Menlyn Retail Park, Menlyn Maine, coffee bars, restaurants, cafés and Castle Walk Shopping Centre.
# Chinyere Ohiri-Aniche

Chinyere Ohiri-Aniche (died 2018) was a Nigerian linguist and academic. From 2016 until her death she was head of the National Institute for Nigerian Languages (NINLAN).

## Life

Chinyere Ohiri-Aniche gained a B.Sc. in French and Linguistics from Georgetown University in 1975, a M.Ed. in Language Teaching from the University of Montreal in 1977, and a PhD in linguistics from the University of Port Harcourt in 1991. She became a Senior Lecturer, specializing in Igbo education, at the University of Lagos. A two-volume festschrift was published in her honour in 2015.
As President of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN) in 2014, Ohiri-Aniche warned that over 400 indigenous languages of Nigeria were endangered. In August 2016 President Buhari appointed her as chief executive officer of the National Institute for Nigerian Languages (NINLAN). She was the third executive director of NINLAN, succeeding Ben Elugbe. At the end of 2016 she warned that over fifty languages in Nigeria faced imminent extinction.
She died in September 2018.

## Works

* A comparative phonology of consonants in the Igboid, Edoid, and Yoruboid languages of Nigeria. PhD thesis, University of Port Harcourt, 1991.
* 'Language diversification in the Akoko area of Western Nigeria', in R. M. Blench & M. Spriggs (eds.) Archaeology and Language IV. Language change and cultural transformation, 1999, pp. 79–94.
* 'Language pluralism and national development in Nigeria', in A. E. Eruvbetine (ed.) The humanistic management and pluralism: A formula for development in Nigeria, 2001, pp. 544–560.
* (ed. with Iwu Ikwubuzo and Chigozie Nnabuihe) Udezuluigbo: a festschrift in honour of Sam Uzochukwu. Itire, Lagos, Nigeria : Green Olive, 2008.
* (ed. with T. Uzodinma Nwala and Nath Aniekwu) Igbo nation: history & challenges of rebirth and development. Ibadan, Nigeria : Kraft Books Limited, 2015.
# Chionodes pseudofondella

Chionodes pseudofondella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from New Hampshire, southern Ontario, Nebraska, Arkansas and North Carolina.
The wingspan is about 14 mm. The forewings are ochreous white, with dark blackish-brown markings. The extreme base of the costal and dorsal edge is black and there is a small blackish-brown spot near the base, as well as a large outwardly-oblique costal streak from the basal third of the costa reaching to the fold. Beyond the middle of the wing is an ill-defined dark-brown transverse fascia, reaching the dorsal edge. On the middle of the wing, between these two large markings, is a small blackish-brown spot. The apical fourth of the wing is heavily overlaid with dark brown. The hindwings are light fuscous.
The larvae feed on Origanum vulgare, Pycnanthemum flexuosum and Eupatorium hyssopifolium.
# China Grove

China Grove may refer to:

## Towns and cities

* China Grove, North Carolina
* China Grove, Texas, a suburb of San Antonio
* China Grove, Brazoria County, Texas, an unincorporated community

## Historic sites

* China Grove (Gardner, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in Louisiana
* China Grove (Lorman, Mississippi), listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
* China Grove Plantation, Natchez, Mississippi, listed on the NRHP in Mississippi
* China Grove (Oriental, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
* China Grove (Georgetown County, South Carolina), formerly listed on the NRHP in South Carolina

## Other

* "China Grove" (song), a song on The Doobie Brothers' 1973 album The Captain and Me
# Erik Clarys

Erik Clarys (born 18 October 1968) is a Belgian former professional darts player who competed in events of the British Darts Organisation (BDO) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Nicknamed "The Sheriff", he was known for his unorthodox way of scoring and finishing which made him popular with fans.

## BDO career

Clarys caused a major upset by winning the 1995 Winmau World Masters. Amongst his victims were future World and Masters champions Andy Fordham and Martin Adams before beating reigning Masters and World champion Richie Burnett in the final. Clarys continued to do well in tournaments, winning the Belgium National Championship four times, the Belgium Gold Cup three times, the Dortmund Open three times as well as the 1999 Swedish Open. Despite this however, he wasn't able to match these performances in other major tournaments. He played in six BDO World Championships, losing in the first round in his first four visits. He finally won a match at the Lakeside in the fifth time of asking in 2002, beating Andree Welge before losing in the second round to Raymond van Barneveld. In 2003, Clarys beat Tony Eccles and Robert Wagner en route to the quarter-finals, eventually losing again to Barneveld despite hitting a 170 checkout.

## PDC career

In 2004, Clarys switched to the PDC, after qualifying for their World Championship, beating Dan Lauby and Mark Walsh to reach the third round, losing to Ronnie Baxter. Though Clarys was unable to win any titles, he had good showings in major tournaments including a quarter final place in the 2005 UK Open. He made another appearance in the PDC World Championship, beating Winston Cadogan in round one before losing to Wayne Mardle. He then went on to win the WDF German Gold Cup.

## Injury and retirement

In June 2006, Clarys shattered his right elbow after falling from a ladder while at work, forcing him to withdraw from the 2006 UK Open. He was ranked 26th in the PDC world rankings at the time of his accident and was in the running for qualification for the World Matchplay. After eleven operations, Clarys gave up all hope of returning to darts as a right-handed player. He began practising throwing left-handed, stating he hoped to return to the game some day, but was unable to reach a competitive level and ultimately gave up returning to competitive darts. Since 2021, he has been working as a darts comentator for Belgian television.

## World Championship performances
### BDO

* 1997: 1st round (lost to Paul Williams 2–3)
* 1998: 1st round (lost to Kevin Painter 1–3)
* 1999: 1st round (lost to Tony Littleton 2–3)
* 2001: 1st round (lost to Martin Adams 1–3)
* 2002: 2nd round (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 0–3)
* 2003: Quarter-finals (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 1–5)

### PDC

* 2004: 3rd round (lost to Ronnie Baxter 2–4)
* 2006: 2nd round (lost to Wayne Mardle 1–4)

## Career finals
### BDO major finals: 1 (1 title)

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent in the final | Score | Ref. |
| Winner | 1. | 1995 | Winmau World Masters | Richie Burnett | 3–0 (s) | |
# Chipingomyia

Chipingomyia is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Species

* Chipingomyia manica Hancock, 1986
# Erich Kahn

Erich Kahn (1904–1979) was a German Expressionist, and a survivor of the Nazi persecution of Jews and Romani people during the events that led to World War II.

## Biography

Erich Kahn was born in Stuttgart in 1904 to a Jewish family. From 1921 to 1925, Erich Kahn pursued his studies at the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, focusing particularly on illustration and graphics under the guidance of Ernst Schneidler. Influenced by the Stuttgart Üecht group and a study trip to Paris in 1926, he developed a preference for a late expressionist style.
With the rise of the Nazi party to power in 1933, he found himself increasingly targeted for reprisals. During the November pogroms in 1938, he was detained and sent to the Welzheim protective custody camp, from which he was released on December 16, 1938. In July 1939, he successfully emigrated to Great Britain.
Following the commencement of the German western campaign in 1940, Kahn, like all enemy aliens, was interned in Great Britain. In July 1940, he arrived at Hutchinson Internment Camp, situated in Douglas on the Isle of Man, also known as the "Artists' Camp" due to the vibrant artistic and intellectual life of its internees. His circle of friends during this period included Kurt Schwitters, who made a portrait of him, as well as Paul Hamann and Klaus Hinrichsen. Kahn documented camp life through expressive drawings and graphics.
Released from the camp in February 1941, Kahn returned to London, where he actively participated in the Free German Cultural Association. In 1944, he held an exhibition at the Kulturbund premises alongside Igna Beth, René Graetz, and Dorothea Wüsten.
Despite enduring financial difficulties for an extended period, Kahn's artistic work took on an increasingly abstract character in the 1950s.
He died in London, at the age of 75.

## Work

Much of Kahn's work has been lost. The main reason being he belonged to what came to be known as the "Forgotten Generation" of German Jewish Expressionism-influenced artists born at the beginning of the 20th century, whose careers were hindered by the ascension of Nazism. Forced into exile to survive, they found themselves forever bereft of their identity, "caught between yesterday and tomorrow".
The Berardo Collection has acquired a large part of Erich Kahn's body of work, which testifies to the richness of a life that even surpasses the biography A Painter's Life and Time, written by Klaus E. Hinrichsen, an art historian who was his friend for many years.
# Chiti (disambiguation)

Chiti is a village in Besisahar Municipality, Lamjung District, Gandaki Pradesh, Nepal.
Chiti may also refer to:
* Chiti, Fars or Jiti, a village in Khesht Rural District, Khesht District, Kazerun County, Iran
* Chiti, Khuzestan or Qal‘eh Chītī, a village in Sadat Rural District, Central District, Lali County, Iran
* Chiti, Lorestan, a village in Zalaqi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Besharat District, Aligudarz County, Iran
* Chiti Mukulu or Chiti the Great, 18th-century King of the Bemba (in modern Zambia)

## People with the surname

* Carlo Chiti (1924–1994), Italian racecar driver
* Dom Chiti (born 1958), U.S. baseball coach
* Fabrizio Chiti (born 1971), Italian biochemist
* Gian Paolo Chiti (born 1939), Italian musician
* Harry Chiti (1932–2002), U.S. baseball player
* Patricia Adkins Chiti (died 2018), British singer and musicologist
* Vannino Chiti (born 1947), Italian politician
# Chip Myrtle

Charles Joseph Myrtle III (February 6, 1945 – April 11, 2022) was a professional American football player who played linebacker for seven seasons for the Denver Broncos and the San Diego Chargers. His final season of pro football came in 1975 as a Jacksonville Express of the World Football League member.
# Ervin Baktay

Ervin Baktay (1890–1963; born Ervin Gottesmann) was an author noted for popularizing Indian culture in Hungary.
Baktay had started his career as a painter and he encouraged his niece Amrita Sher-Gil to pursue art. He gave up painting to study eastern religions and art, and became a renowned Indologist.

## Early life

Ervin Baktay was born on 24 June 1890 in Dunaharaszti, on the Pest side of Budapest. He was the youngest of five children of Raoul Gottesmann and his wife Antononia Levys-Martonfalvy. Following the death of his father in 1905, Baktay's mother decided to move to Austria and then to Zebegény, Hungary, at the onset of the First World War. He studied painting with Simon Hollósy in Munich. Later, in 1927, he made his first journey to India.
He was uncle to artist Amrita Sher-Gil and nephew to Nagybánya artist Alfréd Gottesmann (1872–1965).

## Works

Baktay translated the Kama Sutra in 1920 and then published a version of the Mahābhārata in 1923. In 1960, he produced a version of the Ramayana. His major work, History of Indian Art, was published in 1963.

## Death

Baktay died in 1963.

## Selected publications

* Baktay Ervin: Die Kunst Indiens; Übers. Edith Róth; Bearb. Heinz Kucharski; Berlin - Budapest, Terra - Akad. Verlag, 1963.