OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Bragg

Charles Bragg (1931 – January 9, 2017) was an American sculptor, painter, artist and author known best for his satirical artwork.

## Early life

Bragg was born in St. Louis Missouri in 1931. His parents were Vaudeville performers, and he spent most of his young life traveling on tour with them. During his teenage years, he went to New York's High School of Music & Art in Harlem. At 18, he ran away with his high school sweetheart, fellow artist Jennie Tomao.

## Career

Before pursuing art, Bragg worked as a cow driver, a truck driver, a stand-up comedian, and a factory worker. He eventually settled in California, where he began his artistic career. He started by painting portraits of wealthy families, as well as offering lessons. He began to pursue his own creative work and experienced some success. His success came from the humor and satirical style of his work, which often portrayed flaws in American society. His political opinions are featured in his work. Bragg has referred to himself as a "devoted student of the human race" and an "observer."
Bragg's works have been showcased in museums and exhibits around the world, and he has had work commissioned by Playboy magazine. In 1986, PBS made a documentary about him called "Charles Bragg - One of a Kind." One of Bragg's lithographs, The Screen Goddess, is featured prominently in the opening scene of the 1992 Robert Altman film, The Player.

## Books

He has published and his work has been featured in books.
* Longbeard the Wizard by Sid Fleischman, illustrated by Charles Bragg (Jun 1970)
* Charles Bragg: The Works! A Retrospective by Alan Bisbort (Oct 1999)
* Charles Bragg on the Law by Charles Bragg (Nov 1, 1984)
* Charles Bragg on Medicine by Charles Bragg (Nov 1984)
* Asylum Earth by Charles Bragg (October 15, 1994)

## Awards

Bragg has won many awards, including the Gold Medal for the National Society of Illustrators as well as the Award of Merit from the Art Directors Guild of New York.

## Personal life

Bragg lived in Beverly Hills. He had two children and died on January 9, 2017, at the age of 85.
# Charles Regnault

Charles Regnault was a 17th-century French writer and playwright. He wrote Marie Stuard, reyne d'Ecosse, a play about Mary, Queen of Scots, which was performed in 1637 and printed in 1639.

## Works

* 1637: Marie Stuard, reyne d'Ecosse
* 1641: Les métamorphoses françoises
* 1642: Blanche de Bourbon, reyne d'Espagne: tragi-comédie
* 1639: Stances (with Jean de Rotrou and Poucet de Montauban)
# Gary R. Roberts

Gary R. Roberts is a former President of Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois, and is also a former Dean of the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law and Gerald L. Bepko Professor of Law. Roberts earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Bradley and his J.D. from Stanford University in 1970 and 1975 respectively.

## Career

After completing his legal studies, Roberts clerked for Ben C. Duniway on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco. In 1976, he entered private practice in Washington, D.C., with the firm of Covington & Burling specializing in sports law. In 1983, he became a faculty member at Tulane Law School in New Orleans and eventually was named the Deputy Dean, Sumter Davis Marks Professor of Law and Sports Law Program Director.
Since 1987, Roberts has been on the board of directors for the Sports Lawyer Association and has since edited a monthly sports newsletter and the publication of the Sports Lawyers Journal. He served as president of the association from 1995 through 1997.
As a practitioner of sports law, his clients have included major sports leagues and associations, teams, players, and coaches in the U.S. and England.
Roberts joined the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law as dean in July 2007.
In October 2015 Roberts announced that he will return to his alma mater of Bradley University to assume the position of president of the university starting January 1, 2016.

## Controversy

In December 2016, when asked how his administration responded to an alleged sexual assault on the campus of Bradley University, Roberts responded:
   "We investigated it thoroughly. A lot of these incidents, like this one, involve students who knew each other who got very drunk. Um, teenage kids sometimes behave in stupid ways and that's basically what happened this time. But we've investigated it thoroughly and have taken appropriate steps. We have to put out a campus safety alert when something like happened happened and that causes public alarm, but it really was just an unfortunate incident involving some students that didn't behave very well."
After his initial statement was criticized for not recognizing sexual assault as criminal activity and being dismissive of survivors of sexual assault, Roberts later indicated a desire to "take back my ill-considered comments."
In May 2018, Roberts penned an opinion piece advocating against revoking an honorary degree granted by Bradley University to Bill Cosby after Cosby was convicted of three counts of aggravated indecent assault, acts Roberts described as "horrible behavior".
# Garra allostoma

Garra allostoma is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra. It is known only from the mountainous region around Bamenda in Cameroon, where it may be threatened by deforestation.
# Charles Karius

Charles Henry Karius (1893 – 20 September 1940) was an Australian Assistant Resident Magistrate (Kiap) in Australian administered Papua who traversed the widest part of the island from the Fly River in Papua to the source of the Sepik River in New Guinea from December 1926 to January 1928.
During his service in the Territory of Papua in the 1920s, he made many photographs of the country and its people when on patrol, which he later published in book form with "Papua New Guinea patrols in 1923 and 1924".
After an unsuccessful first attempt in 1926, he succeeded in 1927–28 with second-in-command Ivan Champion and a party of 36 porters and 12 local policemen to traverse Papua from the south coast to the north across the widest part of the country. The journey involved following the course of the Fly River from its mouth on the south coast northwards to its source, trekking through the central highlands to the source of the Sepik River, and then following the course of that river north-west then eastward to the north coast. He afterwards published an account of the journey in a paper in The Geographical Journal ("Exploration in the Interior of Papua and North-East New Guinea: The Sources of the Fly, Palmer, Strickland, and Sepik Rivers") and Ivan Champion published an account in a book ("Across New Guinea from the Fly to the Sepik"). Charles Karius was awarded the 1929 Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Medal.
He died of cancer in Sydney, Australia, in 1940 when on sick leave.
# Gary Donatelli

Gary Donatelli (born March 11, 1951, in Northbrook, Illinois, US) is an American television soap opera director. Beside television work, Donatelli directed Billion Dollar Rockets, a music video for the One Life Many Voices CD and Lean On Me" a series of three mini dramas for post-911.

## Directing credits

* Another World (unknown episodes)
* One Life to Live (1990–2013)
* Caged Innocence (TV movie)

## Awards and nominations

Daytime Emmy Award
* Nominated, 2007, directing team, One Life to Live
* Nominated, 2004, directing team, One Life to Live
# Charles John Gabriel

Charles John Gabriel (28 May 1879 – 19 June 1963) was an Australian pharmacist and amateur conchologist. He wrote circa 50 scientific papers and articles. He also co-authored the book, Marine Molluscs of Victoria.

## Life

Gabriel was born in Collingwood, Melbourne. He was registered as a pharmacist in 1902. In 1910 he married Laura Violet Marian Vale, with whom he had two sons. He was interested in conchology from an early age, an interest instigated and fostered by his father, who was an honorary collector for the National Museum of Victoria. Gabriel joined the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria in 1900.
Gabriel undertook a long-term collaboration with John Gatliff on updating the latter's Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Victoria. He was the first local conchologist to make a serious study of the land and freshwater molluscs of the state, in the course of which he described 23 new non-marine taxa. He died at his home in Toorak in 1963. His library and shell collection were bequeathed to the National Museum of Victoria.

## Honours and awards

* Honorary Associate in Conchology, National Museum of Victoria
* Australian Natural History Medallion (1958)

## Publications

As well as producing some 50 scientific papers and articles, Gabriel co-authored the definitive:
* Macpherson, J. Hope; & Gabriel, C.J. (1962). Marine Molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne University Press in association with The National Museum of Victoria.
# Chavda Rakhal

23°09′08″N 69°28′36″E﻿ / ﻿23.1522°N 69.4766°E﻿ / 23.1522; 69.4766
Chadva Rakhal is protected forest reserve owned by erstwhile rulers of Kutch State (Cutch State) near Samatra Village, almost 15-17km from Bhuj, Kutch district, Gujarat, India.

## History

Erstwhile rulers of Kutch State (Cutch State 1147-1948) had declared 45 forest reserves, called Rakhiyal, which can not be exploited commercially. After Independence of India in 1947, the reserves became private property owned by former rulers, currently by Pragmulji III. They are now tourist destinations. Chadva Rakhal is the largest reserve having a lake, Pragsar. The lake has crocodiles and several species of fish.
# Chaturdandiprakashika

The Chaturdandiprakashika (IAST: Caturdaṇḍīprakāśikā; "The Illuminator of the Four Pillars of Music") is a Sanskrit treatise written by the musicologist Venkatamakhin in the mid-17th century. It introduced a theoretical melakarta system to classify and organise ragas in the Carnatic music tradition of India. In the 20th-century, this system would form the basis of the thaat system that is used in Hindustani classical music today. Some portions of the Chaturdandiprakashika are now lost.

## Description

In Carnatic music, a mela is a scale of svaras in ascending order in a melodic unit forms the basis and gives birth to ragas. While the concept of melas is said to have been introduced by Vidyaranya in the 14th century, and a number of other musicologists before Venkatamakhin had expounded on the subject, there was a lack of a standard work that systematically classified the ragas of classical music. Vijayaraghava Nayak (r. 1633–1673) commissioned Venkatamakhin to prepare such a treatise which led to the creation of the Chaturdandiprakashika. The title translates to "the illuminator of the four pillars" (of music). It alludes to a system of four divisions of composition, namely ālāpa (rhythmically free exposition of a raga), ṭhāya (melodic inflection), gīta (vocal composition in a raga) and prabandha (a compositional structure). The work led to the creation of the melakarta system of classification and the formulation of the 72 mela (or parent) ragas that are the foundation of the classical music of South India today.
In the early 20th-century, Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, a musicologist from Bombay, chanced upon the Chaturdandiprakashika and used its melakarta system as the basis for the thaat system that is currently used to organise and classify ragas in Hindustani classical music.
Some portions of the treatise are now lost.
# Gawler South

Gawler South is a suburb of the South Australian town of Gawler, located in the northern Adelaide metropolitan area region, 43 km north of Adelaide. It is bordered by the South Para River and the suburbs of Gawler, Gawler West, Evanston, Evanston Park and Bibaringa.

## History

Gawler South is a subdivision of the Gawler township. It has streets named from First to Twenty Fourth, originally named with local identities and royal connections. The suburb has attracted a railway station (see below) and tram line (now disused), racecourse, and Anglican Church during its colonial history. After Federation, suburban infill allowed the nightcart lanes installed into these now suburban blocks to stay at the location.
A railway line was built from Adelaide to Gawler in 1879, with the Gawler railway station being established in the Gawler South area. The railway was extended through the Barossa Valley to Angaston in 1911. The Gawler South Station is now still a stationyard for housing trains for the TransAdelaide line to Adelaide.

## Layout

The housing lots have been arranged in several different directions. This takes into account the stages of development around the suburb. There is a north–south grid orientation around the south-westerly section of the suburb (by the railway station). The shopping precinct along Adelaide Road provides a grid-fashion at approximately 45 degrees to the south-westerly grid. A Housing Trust subdivision was built in the post-World War II period on the river flats, between the South Para and the Gawler Rivers.

## The suburb today

A new subdivision during the 1990s was started on the foothills, adjacent to the South Para River. The shopping precinct is still very commercially viable, extending Gawler's central business district across the Adelaide Road Bridge (on the South Para River) along an almost one kilometre road length.

## Geography

Many of the older streets are named for ordinal numbers (First Street through to Twentyfifth Street). There is no obvious pattern to the layout of streets or the order in which they are named. Some streets on the eastern side align to the contours where the land is too steep to build.

## Governance

Gawler South is governed at the local level by the Town of Gawler. Gawler South lies in the state electoral district of Light and the federal electoral division of Spence.
# Gawler West, South Australia

Gawler West, (postcode 5118) is a suburb of the South Australian town of Gawler, located in the northern Adelaide metropolitan area region, 43 km north of Adelaide. It is bordered by the Gawler River and the Gawler railway line and the suburbs of Gawler South, and Evanston. During the 2000s period, part of the suburb was renamed Reid by the South Australian Geographical Names Advisory Committee, replacing the Gawler Bypass Road as the western boundary by the Gawler River on the west and north.

## History

Gawler West is a subdivision of the Gawler township. In the post World War II era, suburban infill allowed the suburb to develop. The initial development of the suburb was a Housing Trust subdivision.

## The suburb today

A new subdivision during the 2000s was started on the river flat, adjacent to the Gawler Bypass.

## Governance

Gawler West is governed at the local level by the Town of Gawler. Gawler West lies in the state electoral district of Light and the federal electoral division of Spence.
# Gary McCloy

Gary Samuel McCloy (born 28 May 1969) is an Irish international lawn and indoor bowler.

## Bowls career

He won a bronze medal in the fours at the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Johannesburg.
He was also part of the fours team that secured the gold medal for Northern Ireland at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the other members were Ian McClure, Martin McHugh and Neil Booth.
In 2007 he won the pairs silver medal at the Atlantic Bowls Championships.
He also won the 1994 and 2019 Irish National Bowls Championships singles title.
In 2022, he won his fifth national title when winning the triples at the Irish National Bowls Championships.
In 2023, he won the triples title, with Derek Smith & Ian McClure at the British Isles Bowls Championships, held in Ayr.

## Personal life

He is married to fellow Irish international bowler Donna McNally and they run the Ballybrakes bowls shop within the Ballybrakes Community Bowls Club.
# Gauge (band)

Gauge is an American post-hardcore band from the northwest suburbs of Chicago, Illinois.

## History

Gauge formed at the beginning of 1991. Members had previously been in the bands Ivy League and Target. Highly regarded in Chicago's northwest suburban punk scene, Gauge inspired and performed with other bands from the same area such as Cap'n Jazz, Friction, and Braid. Gauge released their first full-length, Soothe, by the end of 1992. After releasing their second album in 1994, entitled Fire Tongue Burning Stomach, they announced their break up. A posthumous 10" was released in 1995, making the band's final recordings available.
During their career, Gauge played 150 shows. Their final show was on October 6, 1994, at The Moose Lodge in Mount Prospect, IL with Cap'n Jazz and Tetsuo.
Members of Gauge went on to perform in the bands Sky Corvair, Euphone, 5ive Style, Sweater Weather, Haymarket Riot, Traluma, Radio Flyer, Heroic Doses, Ambulette and Rollo Tomasi, as well as working with Joan Of Arc, Owls and Noyes.
Kevin J. Frank contributed vocals to the songs, "Geheim" and "Sergio Valente", which are tracks 12 and 13 on disc 2 of the Cap'n Jazz anthology album, Analphabetapolothology. These songs also appear on the Cap'n Jazz 7", Boys 16 to 18 Years... Age of Action (Further Beyond Records, 1993).
On December 8, 2009, it was announced Gauge will play live for the first time since 1994 on March 6, 2010, at the Bottom Lounge in Chicago, Illinois.
Following the 2010 reunion shows, a documentary/tribute/concert film entitled "GAUGE:153" was shot and edited by filmmaker Matt Golin. The film features 9 live songs from their 2010 reunion shows intercut with historical footage of the band and interviews with members of Cap'n Jazz, Braid, and Sidekick Kato among others.

## Discography
### Gauge Releases

| Title | Year | Label | Details |
| Demo | 1991 | Self Released | 6 song tape (300 made) |
| Gauge (self titled free record) | 1991 | A Ray Kolenko Release | 2 song 7" (100 pressed), given away free by Ray Kolenko at a show at Sir Donald's in Downer's Grove, IL. |
| Blank | 1992 | Shakefork Records | 4 song 7" (700 pressed) |
| Soothe | 1992 | THD/Radius | 11 song LP/CD (1100 LP & 1500 CD made) |
| Swing | 1993 | Underdog Records | 2 song 7" (1500 pressed) |
| Fire Tongue Burning Stomach | 1994 | Underdog Records | 10/12 song LP/CD (1000 LP & 1000 CD made) |
| 43 | 1995 | Actionboy | 6 song 10" |
| I | 2000 | Tree Records | 23 song CD (First half of Gauge discography) |
| Mints | 2010 | Shakefork Records | 2 song 7" includes a download code for 2 additional tracks. Given away with entry to Gauge's March 6, 2010 reunion show at the Bottom Lounge in Chicago. |
| II | 2010 | Shakefork Records | 21 song digital download (Second half of Gauge discography) |

### Compilations

* Split 7" w/ Grout Villa (Permanent Satan, 1992)
* Achtung Chicago! Zwei! (Underdog Records, 1993)
* It's A Punk Thing, You Wouldn't Understand (Shakefork Records, 1993)
* A Very Punk Christmas (The Rocco Empire & Further Beyond Records, 1993)
# Gauff (disambiguation)

Coco Gauff (born 2004) is an American tennis player.
Gauff may also refer to:
* Gauff Hill, incorporated community in Pennsylvania, US
* Gauff-Roth House, historic house in Pennsylvania, US
# Celestini

Celestini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Celestini (1773–1830s), Italian painter
* Costanzo Celestini (born 1961), Italian footballer
* Fabio Celestini (born 1975), Swiss footballer and manager
* Federico Celestini (born 1964), Italian musicologist
* Nazzareno Celestini (1914–?), Italian footballer
# D-galactose 1-dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a d-galactose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.48) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    d-galactose + NAD$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ d-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H$^+$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are d-galactose and NAD$^+$, whereas its 3 products are d-galactono-1,4-lactone, NADH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD$^+$ or NADP$^+$ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is d-galactose:NAD$^+$ 1-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include d-galactose dehydrogenase, beta-galactose dehydrogenase, and NAD$^+$-dependent d-galactose dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in galactose metabolism.
# Boano monarch

The Boano monarch (Symposiachrus boanensis), or black-chinned monarch, is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae endemic to Indonesia. It is found on Boano island in the southern Mollucas. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Taxonomy and systematics

This species was originally described as a subspecies of the spectacled monarch and then classified as a separate species in the genus Monarcha until moved to Symposiachrus in 2009. The name 'black-chinned monarch' is also used as an alternate name for the black-winged monarch.
# Cooksville

Cooksville may refer to:

## Places
### Canada

* Cooksville (Mississauga), a neighbourhood in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
** Cooksville GO Station, a station in the GO Transit network located in the neighbourhood
** Mississauga East—Cooksville, an electoral district of Mississauga which includes the neighbourhood

### United States

* Cooksville, Georgia
* Cooksville, Illinois
* Cooksville, Maryland
* Cooksville, Wisconsin
# Cinema Exhibitors' Association

The UK Cinema Association (UKCA), formerly known as the Cinema Exhibitors Association, is the national trade association for cinema operators in the United Kingdom. The UKCA represents the interests of well over 90 per cent of UK cinema operators by number and market share.

## Main activities

The UKCA advocates on behalf of the UK cinema sector at international, national, and regional level. It lobbies the Government along with other sectors of the U.K. film industry, particularly distribution, also working with others within the industry to promote the value of cinema to the public. In addition it provides advice and support to individual members on interpreting and adhering to legislation and regulation, and in dealing with day-to-day operational issues when appropriate.

### Industry statistics

Like many trade associations, it gathers economic data on the industry it represents. The top three films ever in the UK are, in order, Avatar, Toy Story 3, and Mamma Mia!. In 2009, UK cinema turnover was around £1.2billion from around 900,000 cinema seats, at around 3,700 cinema screens at around 770 cinema sites. Total attendances are around 170 million. The top three chains have 62% of the number of screens.

## Disability and the CEA Card

British cinemas have led the world in providing facilities and services for disabled people, both by making their buildings physically accessible and by installing equipment that enables audio described and sub-titled performances. The UKCA also created the "CEA Card" for those disabled people who need the services of a carer if they want to visit the cinema.

## Structure

It is situated in Soho Square on floor four of the BBFC building. It has five regional branches. The UKCA became a limited company on 3 June 2004.

### Membership

The Association's membership covers single screen/owner managed sites, small independent circuits and the largest circuit and multiplex operators including Odeon Cinemas, Cineworld, Vue Cinemas, Showcase Cinemas and Empire Cinemas. Members are able to benefit from discounts with key collecting societies such as Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL) and Video Performance Limited (VPL), and participate in marketing initiatives such as the recently secured Meerkat Movies promotion in partnership with Compare the Market.