OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gutierre Fernández (composer)

Gutierre Fernández, sometimes given as Gutierre Fernández Hidalgo, (c. 1547 – June 11, 1623) was a South American composer and Roman Catholic priest of Spanish birth. His only surviving works are sacred vocal works; most of which were composed for vespers.

## Life and career

Gutierre Fernández was born in Talavera de la Reina, Spain in c. 1547. He was trained by Juan Navarro and worked as a musician under Navarro at the New Cathedral of Salamanca until Navarro was fired in 1574. Fernández also left the cathedral at this time and took a post as maestro de capilla at the Church of Santa María la Mayor in Talavera de la Reina He remained there for approximately nine years.
In late 1583 Fernández left his post in Talavera de la Reina to travel to the New World to assume the post of maestro de capilla at the Catedral Primada de Colombia [es] in Santafe (now Bogotá). He concurrently served as rector of the Major Seminary of Bogotá. He left those posts in 1586 to assume a similar position at the cathedral in at Quito. He stayed in that post until he was appointed maestro de capilla at both the cathedral in Lima and the Royal Monastery of La Encarnación. In 1587 he was appointed maestro de capilla of the Cuzco Cathedral. From 1612 until his death he was the head priest at San Lazaro Church in Sucre (then called La Plata).
Gutierre Fernández died in La Plata on June 11, 1623.
# J. Kathryn Bock

J. Kathryn Bock is currently professor of psychology and linguistics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in Champaign, Illinois, where she conducts research in the Language Production Laboratory at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology in Urbana, Illinois.
Her research focuses on language production; she was instrumental in the development and explanation of structural priming. Other fields she has contributed meaningful research to include grammatical number agreement and the influences of driving on language production. Bock categorizes her current research interests into three main questions on her website. The first question concerns the type of structure used, and how the nature of thoughts dictates that. The next topic relates to word selection and ordering. The last issue deals with how errors are produced in language production.

## Education and academic career

Bock graduated from Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania with her B.A. in Psychology and Russian before moving to University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for her master's degree in Psychology and doctoral degree with a focus on Cognitive Psychology and minor in Linguistics. She has taught at University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Structural priming

Bock's 1986 paper introduced the phenomenon of structural priming in psychology. There are many different syntactic constructions that can be used to convey a particular meaning. For example, the following sentences all convey the same meaning: “The boy gave the girl a cookie”, “The boy gave a cookie to the girl”, and “The girl was given a cookie by the boy”, while maintaining different structural patterns. Sometimes these structures are repeated intentionally for stylistic purposes. But it has also been demonstrated that syntactic constructions can be repeated unintentionally. The “unintentional and pragmatically unmotivated tendency to repeat the general syntactic pattern of an utterance is called structural priming”. Structural priming appears to be persistent and can be explained as a type of implicit learning.

## Most cited articles

* Bock, J. Kathryn. "Syntactic persistence in language production." Cognitive Psychology 18 (1986): 355–387. according to Google Scholar, this paper has been cited 1079 times by July 2014.
* Bock, J. Kathryn. "Toward a cognitive psychology of syntax: Information processing contributions to sentence formulation." Psychological Review 89 (1982): 1-47. according to Google Scholar, this paper has been cited 641 times by July 2014.
# Euriphene duseni

Euriphene duseni, or Dusen's nymph, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria and Cameroon. The habitat consists of dense forests.
The larvae feed on Brazzeia species.

## Subspecies

* Euriphene duseni duseni (southern Cameroon)
* Euriphene duseni legeriana Hecq, 1987 (Nigeria, western Cameroon)
# Copla

Copla (a Spanish word) may refer to:
* Copla (poetry), a poetic form common in Spanish popular writing.
* Copla (music), a musical genre related to that poetic form.
# Formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase

In enzymology, a formyltetrahydrofolate deformylase (EC 3.5.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ formate + tetrahydrofolate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are formate and tetrahydrofolate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 10-formyltetrahydrofolate amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and one carbon pool by folate.
# Ertl, Lower Austria

Ertl is a town in the district of Amstetten in Lower Austria.

## History

In ancient times, the area that is now Ertl was part of the province of Noricum.
The territory was inhabited in the Middle Neolithic period (c. 2500 BC), as evidenced by the discovery of some stone axes, tools, and other artifacts of the period.
The present town was formed in 1922, from portions of the parishes of St. Peter, and Waidhofen. Ertl became an independent parish in 1930.
# Decrepitation

Decrepitation is the noise produced when certain chemical compounds are heated, or it refers to the cracking, or breaking up of lumps of limestone during heating. Such compounds include lead nitrate and calcine.

## Mineralogy

Decrepitation is one of the most accurate ways to calculate a mineral-deposit scale so that the analysis of the hydrothermal system is advanced and improved. Fluid inclusions are important in regard to decrepitation because they are the microscopic areas of gas and liquid within crystals that are decrepitated, or broken, with the application of heat.
When decrepitating the crystal or salt, the liquid pressure is released which can result in a crack. However, in some cases the fluid inclusions are not fully decrepitated, in which case other methods must be used. Despite this shortcoming, decrepitation is the preferred procedure for identifying minerals because it allows for the quickest and greatest number of inclusions to be measured.
The pressure necessary to spur decrepitation is reliant upon the size of the fluid inclusions; bigger inclusions decrepitate more easily at pressures between 700-900 atmospheres, while smaller fluid inclusions may require upwards of 1200 atmospheres, contrastingly, when fluid inclusions become even smaller, the amount of pressure applied will have no effect and decrepitation will not occur.

## Decrepitation in metamorphic rock

If the decrepitation begins at a temperature less than the temperature required to form the mineral, it is likely that the rate of decrepitation will speed up once the temperature exceeds that of the initial heating.
For metamorphic rocks, there are certain principles for measuring the decrepitations. What is known as D1 decrepitation, is classified as a temperature range of about 200-300°C and is caused by the liquid phase which occupies intricate inclusions, as in hydrothermal minerals. D2 decrepitation is characterized by a starting heat range of about 300-700°C, the temperature can also increase rapidly for a few hundred degrees, such as in solid inclusions. D3 decrepitation is continuously heated until the rate reaches its maximum out at about 350-450°C, D3 decrepitation can be observed in carbonates and is defined by the effect of an inversion of the mineral. Once decrepitation of a D4 mineral is reached it should reach completion within a few degrees, which is seen in the decrepitation of quartz. Decrepitation as a result of decomposition is known as D5 decrepitation, it is characterized by a sharp upwards rate, a definite peak, and a sharp downwards rate, this can be detected by comparing the peaks of various minerals within a rock.
# Doug Reed (futsal player)

Doug Reed is a professional futsal player who is currently playing for Helvecia London and England national futsal team. Previously he has played for Baku Lanzarote Tias Yaiza (Spain), AEL Limassol, MNK Uspinjača, MNK Smederevo Futsal Dynamo (Zagreb) Sussex Futsal and Manchester Futsal Club. In 2011, he won the FA Futsal Cup with Manchester Futsal Club and was awarded Player of the Tournament in the same competition. In the FA National Futsal League, he won several FA National League Championships and FA Futsal Cup medals. Reed also works as a commentator for Sony SIX, Eurosport and BT Sport, and has worked with the emerging US Professional Futsal League as well as Indian Premier Futsal.
He writes a blog on futsal at his website.
# Gnatholepis gymnocara

Gnatholepis gymnocara, the Nakedcheek sandgoby, is a small species of ray-finned fish in the subfamily Gobionellinae. The Naked cheek sandgoby is found primarily in the Indian Ocean along the coast of Australia .

## Description

The "naked cheeks," which serve as the namesake of this species, are one of the most diagnostic features of the Nakedcheek sandgoby. Scales are totally absent on the cheek and operculum, back to the predorsal midline, though there are a few typical cycloid scales on the base of the pectoral fin and on the breast. While a small fold might be present on the end of the lower lip, there is no truly distinct flap on the lower lip, which is also common in other goby species. There are also no teeth with are distinctly larger than the rest of the dentition.

### Size and coloration

Males of this species reach a maximum length of 3.7 cm in total length. Their bodies are pale tan/dusky with a 6 darker dusky blotches, and a row of horizontal spots and streaks. There is also an irregular dark, cross-shaped blotch on each cheek that extends downward from the eye. There is a small brown spot at the base of the caudal fin that is approximately the width of the pupil. Males also have a small dark spot at the base of the first dorsal fin, while females lack this feature.

## Distribution and habitat

The Nakedcheek sandgoby is found in the western Pacific Ocean, specifically Australia. It can be found in shallow, nearshore marine environments between 0 and 1m in depth. Specimens are typically collected from around 0.5m deep and, while most are found in marine waters, at least one has been collected from a brackish habitat.
# Icelandic Cycling Union

The Icelandic Cycling Union or HRÍ (in Icelandic: Hjólreiðasamband Íslands) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Iceland.
The HRÍ was created in June 2014. It was granted provisional membership by the UCI Management Committee in June 2015 and admitted as a full member at the UCI Congress in September 2015.) The HRÍ is also a member of the UEC.
The most important competition organized by the HRÍ are the Icelandic National Road Championships.
# Evan Adams

Evan Tlesla Adams (born November 15, 1966) is an Indigenous Canadian actor, playwright, and physician. A Coast Salish from the Sliammon First Nation near Powell River, British Columbia, he is best known internationally for his roles in the films of Sherman Alexie, as Thomas Builds-the-Fire in the 1998 film Smoke Signals and Seymour Polatkin in the 2002 film The Business of Fancydancing.

## Career
### Entertainment

He won an Independent Spirit Award in 1999 for Best Debut Performance for his role in Smoke Signals, and a Los Angeles Outfest award in 2002 for his role in Fancy dancing.
In Canada, Adams has acted primarily in television, including roles in The Beachcombers, "Lost in the Barrens" Da Vinci's Inquest, Neon Rider, These Arms of Mine, Da Vinci's City Hall, The L Word, and Wolf Canyon, and stage roles in Lear and Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. He appeared in the 1990 made-for-TV movie "Lost in the Barrens". He also appeared in the documentary film Just Watch Me: Trudeau and the '70s Generation, speaking about his own experience as a young gay, First Nations man growing up in Canada during the Pierre Trudeau era.
His plays, including Dreams of Sheep, Snapshots, Dirty Dog River and Janice's Christmas, have been produced across Canada and internationally.
He appears in the 2017 films Indian Horse and Kayak to Klemtu, and the 2020 film Indian Road Trip.
In 2023 he made a guest appearance as Larry, the Indian Health Service psychologist, on the series Reservation Dogs. He also played adult Tim Wallach in the TV miniseries Bones of Crows.

### Medical

Adams has also worked extensively with First Nations health programs in Canada, including HIV/AIDS education and alcohol and drug abuse treatment. In 2002, Adams completed a medical degree at the University of Calgary. He completed his residency at St. Paul's Hospital/UBC (as Chief Resident), a Masters of Public Health from Johns Hopkins University, and served as the Deputy Provincial Health Officer with the British Columbia Ministry of health. In April 2007, Adams was appointed the first-ever Aboriginal Health Physician Advisor for the province of British Columbia. In April 2012, Adams was made Deputy Provincial Health Officer for British Columbia by Dr. Perry Kendall. On December 1, 2014, Adams became the Chief Medical Officer of the First Nations Health Authority in British Columbia.
# Corosolic acid

Corosolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene acid found in Lagerstroemia speciosa. It is similar in structure to ursolic acid, differing only in the fact that it has a 2-alpha-hydroxy group.
# Four Crosses, Staffordshire

Four Crosses in South Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England. Is a scattered hamlet located between Cannock and Wolverhampton. As well as Penkridge and Hatherton. The hamlet is a very rural area of Cannock Chase District and is the location of the Four Crosses Inn Pub notable for legends that it is haunted. The hamlet is situated on Watling Street (A5). Four Crosses is also home to the former Chase Park Cricket Club. Which closed in 2019 and has been left derelict since closure.
The hamlet appears on OS Maps as Four Crosses.
# Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze

Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze (DWL) (Experimental Aeronautical Workshops) was the Polish aircraft manufacturer, active in 1933-1939. It was a home of the RWD construction team and manufactured aircraft under a brand RWD.

## History

The RWD construction team was organized of students of Warsaw University of Technology around 1928. They built their first designs in workshops of the Aviation Section of Students' Mechanical Club, in University buildings. In 1930 the workshops moved to new buildings near Okęcie airport in Warsaw, founded by the LOPP organization. In March 1933 the workshops separated from the Aviation Section and the University, and there was created a company Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze to manufacture RWD aircraft.
Main designers were Stanisław Rogalski and Jerzy Drzewiecki of the RWD team, other designers were Bronisław Żurakowski, Tadeusz Chylinski, Leszek Dulęba and Andrzej Anczutin and several engineers, including Henry Millicer. A company director was Jerzy Wędrychowski.
First RWD designs manufactured in the DWL were the Polish basic trainer RWD-8 and the sports plane RWD-9 (the winner of Challenge 1934 international contest). Due to limited capabilities of DWL, only some 80 RWD-8s were made in the DWL, and about 470 licence-built in Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów (PWS). Also, a reconnaissance plane RWD-14 Czapla was licence-built in Lubelska Wytwórnia Samolotów (LWS) only.
The plane manufactured in biggest number in DWL was a touring plane RWD-13 (about 100). Other important designs were the RWD-10 aerobatic plane (1933), RWD-17 aerobatic-trainer plane (1937) and RWD-21 light sports plane (1939). World War II prevented further development and serial production of later RWD designs, and put an end to the DWL workshops.

## Aircraft

DWL operated as the factory of RWD. As such, once testing was completed and design was finalized by the latter, it would be passed to the former for mass production.
| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
| RWD-5 | 1931 | 20 | Single engine monoplane sport airplane |
| RWD-8 | 1933 | ~80 | Single engine monoplane trainer |
| RWD-9 | 1933 | 10 | Single engine monoplane sport airplane |
| RWD 10 | 1933 | ~23 | Single engine monoplane aerobatic airplane |
| RWD 13 | 1935 | ~100 | Single engine monoplane touring airplane |
| RWD 17 | 1937 | ~30 | Single engine monoplane trainer |
| RWD 21 | 1939 | 6+ | Single engine monoplane sport airplane |
# Gnathonargus

Gnathonargus is a monotypic genus of North American dwarf spiders containing the single species, Gnathonargus unicorn. It was first described by S. C. Bishop & C. R. Crosby in 1935, and has only been found in the United States.
The species name alludes to the diagnostic projection issuing from the clypeus in males, an elongate, slender rod with a rounded end that points diagonally upward.
# Ichijō Tsunetsugu

Ichijō Tsunetsugu (一条 経嗣, 1358 – December 14, 1418), son of Nijō Yoshimoto and adopted son of regent Tsunemichi, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku three times from 1394 to 1398, from 1399 to 1408, and from 1410 to 1418. He married a daughter of Takatsukasa Fuyumichi, and the couple had a son named Ichijō Tsunesuke (一条 経輔, ?-?). His other wife gave birth to Kaneyoshi.

## Family

* Foster Father: Ichijo Tsunemichi
* Father: Nijo Yoshimoto
* Wives:
** Takatsukasa Fuyumichi‘s daughter
** Hisashiboji Hidenaga’s daughter
** Sono Motosada’s daughter
** Servant (name unknown)
* Children:
** Ichijo Tsunesuke (1392-?) by Takatsukasa Fuyumichi‘s daughter
** Ichijo Kaneyoshi by Hisashiboji Hidenaga’s daughter
** Yugen by Hisashibojo Hidenaga’s daughter
** Zosai by Hisashibojo Hidenaga’s daughter
** Unsho Ikkei (1386-1463) by Sono Motosada’s daughter
** Gingen (d.1441) by Servant
** Zoshi (d.1460) by Servant
# Evangelische Hochschule für Kirchenmusik Halle

The Evangelische Hochschule für Kirchenmusik Halle (Saale) is a university, specialised in music, in Halle an der Saale.
It was established as the Evangelischen Kirchenmusikschule on 18 April 1926 by the consistory of the Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony in Aschersleben.
On 29 January 1939, it moved from Aschersleben to Halle, into the building of the Schlesisches Konvikt [de] on Wilhelmstraße, today Emil Abderhalden-Straße.
In 1993, the Evangelischen Kirchenmusikschule was granted the status of a university, and renamed. In 2001, it moved to the Händelkarree (Kleine Ulrichstraße 35). The now located in the immediate vicinity of the musicological institute of the University of Halle, the Halle music library and the Handel House.

## Directors

* 1926–1936 Julius Bürger, organist at the St.-Stephani-Kirche, Aschersleben
* 1936–1939 Bernhard Henking, cantor of Magdeburg Cathedral
* 1939–1951 Kurt Fiebig
* 1951–1965 Eberhard Wenzel
* 1965–1977 Walter Bruhns
* 1977–1978 Ursula Hermann (provisional management)
* 1978–1999 Helmut Gleim
* 2000–2017 Wolfgang Kupke
* 2017–present Peter Kopp
# Iwasaki Castle (Owari Province)

Iwasaki Castle (岩崎城, Iwasaki-jō) is a hill castle (平山城 hirayamajiro) located in the city of Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was built during the Sengoku period in Owari Province and was a support castle to Shobata Castle (勝幡城 Shobata-jō).

## History

The origins of Iwasaki Castle are uncertain. It was built sometime in the early 16th century by Oda Nobuhide, the father of Oda Nobunaga in an attempt to protect his eastern borders against the aggressive Imagawa clan and is located at a strategic point on the highway connecting Mikawa Province with Owari Province.
The castle changed hands in 1529, when Matsudaira Kiyoyasu (the grandfather of Tokugawa Ieyasu) seized it and made it the headquarters for the Matsudaira clan. Kiyoyasu's son, Matsudaira Hirotada, moved his residence elsewhere after Kiyoyasu was assassinated in 1535 by one of his retainers, Abe Masatoyo. One of his retainers, Niwa Ujikiyo, was placed in control of the castle and his descendants continued to rule the area until Battle of Iwasaki Castle in 1584. The Battle of Iwasaki was part of the larger Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, and during the battle the castle was besieged and taken by the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, led by Ikeda Tsuneoki. The garrison, led by Niwa Ujitsugu, suffered numerous casualties including 300 killed, Ujitsugu's brother Niwa Ujishige being among the dead. The castle was abandoned and destroyed after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.
After the victory of Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the castle was abandoned. The Niwa clan received new domains in what is now the city of Toyota.

## Today

The castle is now located in a two-hectare park. Parts of the castle lie in ruins, including the remains of a well and a turret (yagura) which were discovered during archeological excavations. The donjon, or tenshu, was reconstructed in 1987 out of ferro-concrete and holds a museum local history museum with ceramics, samurai armor and documents on the history of the castle.
# Coso Range

The Coso Range of eastern California is located immediately south of Owens Lake, east of the Sierra Nevada, and west of the Argus Range. The southern part of the range lies in the restricted Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake and the northern part of the range is designated as the Coso Range Wilderness. The mountains include Coso Peak, at 8,160 feet (2,487 m) above sea level, as well as Silver Peak and Silver Mountain, both more than 7,400 ft (2,300 m) in height.
The range is underlain principally by Mesozoic granitic rocks that are partly veneered by upper Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Coso Volcanic Field. The volcanic units (in apparent decreasing age) include (1) widespread basaltic flows, (2) dacitic flows and tuff, and (3) rhyolitic domes and flows and basaltic cones and flows. These volcanic rocks are encompassed by an oval-shaped zone of late Cenozoic ring faulting that measures about 24 miles (39 km) east to west and 28 miles (45 km) north to south and that defines a structural basin. Most of the Coso Range and a slice of the adjacent Sierra Nevada lie within this ring structure. The youngest volcanic rocks are Pleistocene and, with associated active fumaroles, occupy a north-trending structural and topographic ridge about 11.2 by 6.2 miles (18 by 10 km) near the center of the basin. The ring structure and associated volcanic rocks suggest a large underlying magma chamber that has periodically erupted lava to the surface during the past few million years.

## Prehistory

Numerous rock art sites (the Coso Rock Art District) are found in the range, left by the ancient Coso people. The prehistoric Coso inhabitants exported volcanic glass (Coso obsidian) and this highly valued toolstone has been found as far distant as the Channel Islands of California. Little Petroglyph Canyon and Renegade Canyon within the Range are open for guided tours through the Maturango Museum in Ridgecrest, California.
# Gwaneumsa

Gwaneumsa or Kwanumsa can refer to various Korean Buddhist temples:
* Gwaneumsa (Seoul), in Gwanak-gu, Seoul
* Kwanumsa (Kaesong) in Kaesŏng