OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eucoptocnemis

Eucoptocnemis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Selected species

* Eucoptocnemis canescens Lafontaine, 2004
* Eucoptocnemis dapsilis (Grote, 1882)
* Eucoptocnemis elingua (Smith, 1903)
* Eucoptocnemis dolli Grote, 1882 (formerly Agrotis dolli)
* Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris (Guenée, 1852) (syn: Eucoptocnemis tripars (Walker, 1856))
* Eucoptocnemis rufula Lafontaine, 2004
# Herbert Gehr

Herbert Gehr (later Edmund Bert Gerard) (1910–1983) was a Jewish German-American photographer and television director who was associated with Life magazine.

## Career

In the Spanish Civil War Gehr worked as a stills photographer before travelling to Egypt at the wars commencement where he shot newsreels for Wide World photos. With the advent of Nazism in his native Germany, Gehr moved to the United States in March 1937. Upon arrival in the United States, Gehr found representation with the Black Star photo agency, and began working for Life magazine in 1938, photographing a large variety of subjects and stories for them over the next few years. By 1940 Gehr had been described as having shot such diverse subjects as "sphinxes, hair ribbons, wars and movie stars" for the magazine.
Gehr left Life in 1950 and became a television director for ABC.

## Technique

Gehr's photographic style was renowned for his use of artificial light. Gehr once used twenty assistants to illuminate six blocks of Manhattan's Meatpacking District with flash bulbs, and in a photograph of the Great Sphinx of Giza taken for Life in 1938, he used the headlights of three cars to illuminate the scene, with an exposure time of three hours.

## Trial

In July 1950, shortly after leaving Life, Gehr accidentally shot his wife dead. In search of evidence of his adultery, Gehr's wife had unexpectedly arrived in the middle of the night at his country house near Brewster, New York with detectives, while Gehr was with his mistress. Mistaking the visitors for prowlers, his shooting also injured two of the four detectives present. His mistress leapt out of a window. Gehr was arrested and stood trial for second degree murder, and was acquitted. Gehr changed his name after the trial. At the conclusion of the case the jurors blamed Gehr's case on the divorce laws of New York state, as his wife had been seeking evidence for his adultery, which was required by law. Gehr resumed his work as a television director after his trial.

## Recognition

In 1955 Museum of Modern Art curator of photography Edward Steichen included one of Gehr's LIFE photographs in the world-touring The Family of Man exhibition, seen by 9 million visitors, and also in its widely distributed catalogue, which is still in print.
Gehr won three Emmy Awards before his 1983 death.
# Duke Wen of Eastern Zhou

Duke Wen of Eastern Zhou (Chinese: 東周文公; pinyin: Dōng Zhōu Wén Gōng) (?–249 BC), personal name Jī Jié, reigned as King Hui of Zhou over the remaining rump state of the Zhou dynasty from 255 BC to 249 BC, when he was captured and executed by the army of Qin. Wen was the last member of the Zhou dynasty who claimed the throne of China, though he was never recognized as king outside his own small domain at Chengzhou. Forced to spend his entire reign fighting against the state of Qin, Wen's death meant the final end of the Zhou dynasty.

## Biography

Jī Jié was born into the large royal Jī family that ruled China since 1046 BC, though by his time the dynasty had become effectively powerless. Their remaining crown land was embroiled in infighting and succession disputes, so that it was split into two factions, led by rival nobles: Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou. Jié, as Duke Wen, ruled over the East from Chengzhou, and largely ignored the authority of King Nan of Zhou who resided in Wangcheng and was supported by the western nobles. In 256 BC, however, war broke out between West Zhou under Nan and the state of Qin under King Zhaoxiang of Qin. Qin annexed the West, deposed King Nan and forcibly ended the Zhou dynasty. Many citizens and members of the royal family then fled to East Zhou, where they proclaimed Wen as the King of China (Son of Heaven) in 255 BC.
Allied with Ji Zhao, son of King Nan, Wen organized a resistance against Qin, and managed to preserve the last Zhou holdouts for six years. Ji Zhao's forces were defeated in 251 BC, and two years later the army of Qin took Chengzhou. Wen was executed, and the city given to Lü Buwei for his services to King Zhuangxiang of Qin. The remaining Jī family members fled to the State of Wey.
# Elachista jordanella

Elachista jordanella is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1935. It is found in Palestine.
# Jadowniki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Jadowniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłów, within Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Pawłów, 12 km (7 mi) south of Starachowice, and 34 km (21 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

## History

In the Middle Ages, the village belonged to the Miechów monastery. (Jan Długosz Liber beneficiorum. T.III, 18). In the nineteenth century, Jadowniki was described as a village and a manor farm, entailed in the Iłżecki poviat, Koniecek commune, and Świętomarz parish. According to the 1827 census, there were 24 houses and 149 inhabitants. According to the 1882 census, there were 46 houses, 270 inhabitants, 347 acres of manor land and 606 acres of peasants in the village.
# Everest Peace Project

The Everest Peace Project is an organization based in the United States that promotes peace, teamwork and cultural understanding by climbing some of the highest peaks in the world by a team of individuals from various faiths and cultures.

## Climbs

* In 2004 the Everest Peace Project climbed Mount Shasta to celebrate the United Nations International Day of Peace.
* In 2005 the Everest Peace Project climbed Mount Kilimanjaro.
* In 2006 the Everest Peace Project climbed Mount Everest on May 18; the summit was reached by a trio composed of two Israelis (Dudu Yifrah and Micha Yaniv) and a Palestinian (Ali Bushnaq); Yifrah unfolded a sewn together Israeli–Palestinian flag on the summit of Everest. The climb is the main focus of the documentary film Everest: A Climb for Peace, narrated by Orlando Bloom. The documentary has been hailed as a "tremendous achievement" by the Dalai Lama and has received his endorsement.
# Francisco Romano Guillemin

Francisco Romano Guillemín (1883–1950) was a Mexican artist born in Tlapa, Guerrero. He is considered to be one of the few Mexican Impressionists. He started his art studies in Puebla and then continued at the Academia de San Carlos under the direction of Antonio Fabres, German Gedovius and Leandro Izaguirre. He was a fellow student of the famous muralist Diego Rivera. His great influence was Impressionism which he discovered during a trip to Europe. Seurat and his pointillism style played a major role in his formation as an artist. Upon his return to Mexico he became a professor at the Escuela de Bellas Artes. Francisco Romano Guillemin died in Cuautla, Morelos in 1950.

## Gallery

* El último beso, 1916
* Vista del Iztaccihuatl, c. 1920
* Plaza Amecameca, c. 1921
* Plaza de Amecameca, 1921
# HMS Teviot

Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Teviot:
* HMS Teviot (1903) was a River-class destroyer launched in 1903 and sold for scrap in 1919
* HMS Teviot (K222) was a River-class frigate launched in 1942 and transferred to South Africa as HMSAS Teviot in 1945. Returned to the Royal Navy in 1946 and scrapped in 1955
# Eucoptacra

Eucoptacra is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Acrididae and subfamily Coptacrinae. Species can be found in: Africa, India, Indo-China, peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.

## Species

The Catalogue of Life lists:
* Eucoptacra abbreviata Ingrisch, Willemse & Shishodia, 2004
* Eucoptacra anguliflava Karsch, 1893
* Eucoptacra basidens Chapman, 1960
* Eucoptacra bicornis Baccetti, 2004
* Eucoptacra bidens Uvarov, 1953
* Eucoptacra binghami Uvarov, 1921
* Eucoptacra borneensis Willemse, 1962
* Eucoptacra brevidens Uvarov, 1953
* Eucoptacra ceylonica Kirby, 1914
* Eucoptacra exigua Bolívar, 1912
* Eucoptacra gowdeyi Uvarov, 1923
* Eucoptacra granulata Mason, 1979
* Eucoptacra inamoena Walker, 1871
* Eucoptacra incompta Walker, 1871
* Eucoptacra kwangtungensis Tinkham, 1940
* Eucoptacra minima Ramme, 1941
* Eucoptacra motuoensis Yin, 1984
* Eucoptacra nana Uvarov, 1953
* Eucoptacra paupercula Kirby, 1902
* Eucoptacra poecila Uvarov, 1939
* Eucoptacra praemorsa Stål, 1861 - type species (as Acridium praemorsum Stål)
* Eucoptacra sheffieldi Bolívar, 1912
* Eucoptacra signata Bolívar, 1889
* Eucoptacra similis Uvarov, 1953
* Eucoptacra spathulacauda Jago, 1966
* Eucoptacra torquata Bolívar, 1912
* Eucoptacra turneri Miller, 1932
# Herbert Gauls

Herbert Gauls (13 August 1930 in Koblenz – 17 January 2017) was a German photographer.

## Biography

Herbert Gauls visited the Kaiser Wilhelm Real Gymnasium in Koblenz and in 1946 he spent a year at a private trade school. At the age of twenty, Gauls started the small photo shop "Herbert Gauls Photo retailers, specialist laboratory and Ansichtskartenverlag" at the Münzplatz in Koblenz. For decades he worked as an architectural and documentary photographer and also as a photojournalist for News media and Television.
In 1966 he joined the Photographer master's certificate in Hamburg with the best rating and erected immediately afterwards a building with a photo studio and specialized laboratories in the Carl Mand Road in Koblenz industrial area. In 1971 the studio enlarged into a 5-storey office building. Seven years later he built the new and current headquarters, a 1,000 m² photography studio in the August Horch Strasse in Koblenz. In the same year he received his first award the Wappenteller of Koblenz.
As a photographer Gauls documented the Handwerkskammer Koblenz in the late 1960s and early 1970s with numerous exhibitions, including the art of the Neuwied blacksmith and metal sculptor Klaus Rudolf Werhand.
According to his 80th birthday Herbert Gauls bequeathed in the year 2010 his extensive photographic archive on the recent history of the city with around two million negatives to the city of Koblenz. In 2012 Herbert Gauls was given the Verdienstmedaille des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz by the Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate Kurt Beck for his volunteer work for the common good.
Herbert Gauls lived in Weitersburg.

## Awards

* 1978: Verleihung des Wappentellers of the city of Koblenz
* 1989–2002: Master of the Upper Middle Rhine Photographers Guild
* 1997: Awarded the Golden Badge of Honour of the German Central Association of Professional Photographers
* 2000: Ehrennadel of Rhineland-Palatinate
* 2002: Honorary Master of the Upper Middle Rhine Photographers Guild
* 2012: Awarded the Verdienstmedaille des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz by the Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate Kurt Beck

## Exhibitions (selection)

* 1969: "Photo Exhibition Herbert Gauls" Handwerkskammer Koblenz Galerie Handwerk Koblenz
* 1992: "A photographer sees his city" in Löhr-Center on the occasion of the 2,000th anniversary of Koblenz
* 2005: 24 March – 16 May: Special Exhibition: "Herbert Gaul – on the road to taking pictures" in the Mittelrhein-Museum

## Books

* Paul Theodor Schmitz: Koblenzer Skizzen – Photography by Herbert Gauls, Görres-Druckerei, Koblenz, 1964
* Januarius Zick: Gemälde und Zeichnungen – Photography by Herbert Gauls, Koblenz : Mittelrhein-Museum, 1972
* Fotoband "Koblenz. Bewegte Zeiten – Die 50er Jahre" with texts by Gudrun Tribukait, Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen, 1995, ISBN 3-86134-253-7
* Fotoband "Koblenz. Bewegte Zeiten – Die 60er Jahre" with texts by Christine Vary, Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen, 1999, ISBN 3-86134-645-1
* Das Jubiläum 50 Jahre with texts by Reinhard Kallenbach, 2000
# Durdans, Mundesley

The Durdans Bed and Breakfast Hotel is located in the English seaside village of Mundesley in the county of Norfolk, United Kingdom. The guest house is a 4-star bed and breakfast with a Silver Award from Visit Britain.

## Location

The guest house was built in the Edwardian period and is set in grounds of over two acres. It is on the Trunch road on the south west outskirts of the village of Mundesley. it is approximately 20 minutes walk from the main beach in Mundesley. The nearest railway station is at Gunton for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich, and is 4.0 miles (6.4 km) to the west. The guest house is 8.3 miles (13.4 km) south east of Cromer and 21.2 miles (34.1 km) north east of Norwich. The nearest airport is also at Norwich and that is 21.7 miles (34.9 km) north east of the guest house.
# Elachista justificata

Elachista justificata is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is found in South Africa.
# Jacques Fansten

Jacques Fansten (born 1946) is a French film director, screenwriter and producer. He has directed 20 films since 1970.

## Selected filmography

* Stadium Nuts (1972)
* Little Marcel (1976)
# Ewartia catipes

Ewartia catipes is a species of Ewartia. The plant's natural habitat is on eastern facing slopes in Tasmania. It is a rusty brown color and grows to around 10 centimeters long.
# Craugastor adamastus

Craugastor adamastus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Guatemala and only known from its type locality near Aldea Vista Hermosa, on the northern slopes of the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas, where the type series was collected in 1980–1981.

## Etymology

The specific name adamastus honors Jay M. Savage, in recognition of "his many contributions to herpetology, especially in the area of the biology of Eleutherodactylus" (n.b.—this species was originally described as Eleutherodactylus adamastus). It is derived from the Greek adamastos that means "untamed, wild, or savage".

## Description

The type series consists of seven individuals Three adult males and two adult females were measured: the males measure 28–31 mm (1.1–1.2 in) and the females 39–41 mm (1.5–1.6 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is ovoid in dorsal view and truncate in profile. The canthus rostralis is well-defined. The tympanum is distinct in males and indistinct in females. The fingers and toes bear discs; the toes have moderate webbing while the fingers are unwebbed. The upper parts of the body, flanks, and upper surface of limbs are strongly granular. The largest tubercles are on the flanks. Dorsal coloration is more or less uniformly brown, but most specimens have a weak inter-orbital bar and a marking below the eye. The larger tubercles are mostly gray. The venter is yellowish to cream with numerous dark brown melanophores that make a vermiculate pattern on belly and thighs.

## Habitat and conservation

This species is known from an undisturbed forest, transitional between premontane moist and premontane wet forest, at about 600–650 m (1,970–2,130 ft) above sea level. Individuals were mostly seen perched on leaf litter or rocks along or near streams, but one individuals was under a rock near a stream.
Craugastor adamastus is threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural activity and wood extraction, and by water pollution. The type locality, however, is in the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve. Chytridiomycosis is possibly behind the dramatic declines seen in many other stream-dwelling frogs, and could also affect this species.
# John Finn (politician)

John Finn is a Canadian politician, who represented Stephenville-Port au Port in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 2015 until 2019 as a member of the Liberal Party.
Finn was elected in the 2015 provincial election. He ran for re-election in the 2019 provincial election but was defeated.
Prior to entering provincial politics, Finn worked with the Community Education Network in Stephenville as an employment counsellor and a housing and homelessness caseworker. He was elected to town council in Stephenville in 2013 serving until his election to the provincial legislature.
# Cumminsville

Cumminsville may refer to:
* Cumminsville, Kentucky
* Cumminsville, Nebraska
* Cumminsville, New York

## Cincinnati neighborhoods

* Northside, Cincinnati, formerly known as Cumminsville
* South Cumminsville, Cincinnati
# Eupithecia parallaxis

Eupithecia parallaxis is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Colombia.
# Hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E1

E1 is one of two subunits of the envelope glycoprotein found in the hepatitis C virus. The other subunit is E2. This protein is a type 1 transmembrane protein with a highly glycosylated N-terminal ectodomain and a C-terminal hydrophobic anchor. After being synthesized the E1 glycoproteins associates with the E2 glycoprotein as a noncovalent heterodimer.

## Structure

The E1 glycoprotein residues 192-383 in the genotype 1a H77 strain. After translation the E1 C-terminal transmembrane domains (TMDs) forms a hairpin of antiparallel a-helices. E1 is then cleaved by signal peptide peptidase at the endoplasmic reticulum and E1 is then made into a single long straight a-helix. What is known of the structure is from a crystal structure made in 2014. This crystal structure shows that it has two a-helixes and 3 B-sheets for both monomers; two disulfide bridges stabilize these two monomers. This means that E1 is more compact then its E2 counterpart. It has been shown that E1 can fold with a small amount of E2 protein present. In addition to this it was shown that E1 oxidation preceded E2 maturation. This means that E1 has a chaperone-like role for E2. Despite these finds there are many things still unknown about the structure of E1. The E1 protein is anchored to the membrane. Most of the time E1 remains in its unfolded conformation.

## Function

The E1 protein helps the virus attach to the membrane of the targeted cell. In other envelope virus the E1 protein has a similar role in helping the virus get into the cell. As a heterodimer with E2 it has been discovered that it is essential for HCV entry. When the heterodimer is formed the hepatitis C virus is then able to bind to the receptor of the cell. As a heterodimer the E1 protein alone with the E2 protein worked together to enter the cell. Also cleavage at the core-E1 junction is a prerequisite for SPP-catalyzed cleavage. This helps the virus relocate to the surface of lipid droplets. Once the virus gets to the surface of the lipid droplets it recruits the virus no-structural proteins and replication complex. The SP-catalyzed cleavage at the core-E1 junction is required for the formation of infectious particles and for the release of any HCV particles. Also E1 has no function with budding at the ER membrane. It also had no effect on the intracellular formation of capsid-containing particles. Instead when E1 was not allowed to form this tended to facilitate the budding process.

## Possible Vaccine

It has been shown that by blocking E1 we can prevent the formation of the envelope protein. There have been a number of studies trying to find the structure of E1. The hope for these vaccines is that they will be able to block the entry of Hepatitis C if they can block the formation of E1. If the virus cannot make the envelope protein then it will be unable to get into the host cells. The types of vaccines that would be used are synthetic peptide vaccines.
# Indian mahogany

Indian mahogany is the common name for two species of trees in the family Meliaceae:
* Toona ciliata, native to southern Asia to Australia; also known as toon, Australian red cedar, or Indian cedar
* Chukrasia velutina, native to southern Asia and Indochina; also known as bastard cedar, Chittagong wood, Burmese almondwood or Jamaica cedar
It may also refer to:
* Swietenia mahagoni, native to Florida to the Caribbean; a true mahogany also known as the West Indian mahogany or the West Indies mahogany
* Pterocarpus dalbergioides, endemic to India; also known as the East Indian mahogany, Andaman padauk, or Andaman redwood
# Extraperitoneal fascia

Extraperitoneal fascia (also: endoabdominal fascia or subperitoneal fascia) is a fascial plane – consisting mostly of loose areolar connective tissue – situated between the fascial linings of the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities (transversalis fascia, anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia, iliac fascia, and psoas fascia) externally, and the parietal peritoneum internally. Its quality and quantity varies considerably. It occupies the extraperitoneal space.

## Preperitoneal space

Anteriorly, it forms the thin and fibrous preperitoneal fascia that is interposed between the transversalis fascia, and the parietal peritoneum. The preperitoneal fascia contains a variable amount of fat, loose connective tissue, and membranous tissue. It is provided with its own blood supply. The membranous component lies just deep to the transversalis fascia and has been construed as a second layer of the transversalis fascia by some authors.

## Retroperitoneal space

Posteriorly, it forms the thick and fatty pararenal fascia that surrounds the kidneys.
# John Beckingham

John Beckingham (by 1510 – 1566) was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Salisbury in March 1553.
# Cumminsville, Kentucky

Cumminsville is an unincorporated community located in Bracken County, Kentucky, United States.
# Eudesmia trisigna

Eudesmia trisigna is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in Venezuela.
# Dutoutang

Dutoutang Town (simplified Chinese: 渡头塘镇; traditional Chinese: 渡頭塘鎮; pinyin: Dùtóutáng Zhèn) is an urban town in and subdivision of Lianyuan, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into 40 villages, the following areas: Lianxi Village, Shengqi Village, Yuanzi Village, Juhua Village, Tongling Village, Yinxi Village, Yinzhong Village, Zhushan Village, Guangmang Village, Quantang Village, Qiaoxi Village, Xiangyang Village, Wenming Village, Dongfeng Village, Xinping Village, Xinqi Village, Xintian Village, Xinlong Village, Rixin Village, Xinqiao Village, Xintangwan Village, Xuetangchong Village, Sanyuan Village, Songyuan Village, Jinlong Village, Yangliu Village, Qunfu Village, Tangbianwan Village, Yanghe Village, Hongjia Village, Xingping Village, Zengjia Village, Meizhuang Village, Caoxi Village, Yangming Village, Buxian Village, Hongxi Village, Tanshanwan Village, Shanshan Village, and Taoyuan Village (涟溪村、胜旗村、垣子村、菊花村、铜铃村、印溪村、印中村、竹山村、光芒村、泉塘村、桥溪村、向阳村、文明村、东风村、新坪村、新旗村、新田村、新龙村、日新村、新桥村、新塘湾村、学堂冲村、三元村、松源村、金龙村、杨柳村、群富村、塘边湾村、洋河村、洪家村、星坪村、增加村、美庄村、曹溪村、杨名村、步先村、红溪村、檀山湾村、杉山村、桃源村).