OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gerhard Lehmbruch

Gerhard Lehmbruch (15 April 1928, Königsberg – 12 June 2022) was a member of the University of Konstanz. Lehmbruch received a doctorate and a Habilitation in Political Science from the University of Tübingen. Thereafter, he was professor at the universities of Heidelberg, Tübingen and Konstanz, from 1969 to 1996.
Lehmbruch was Vice-president of the International Political Science Association (1988-91) and president of the German Political Science Association (1991-1994).
His research focused on German and comparative politics. He is a prominent researcher of liberal corporatism. He collaborated with Philippe C. Schmitter in his research on neo-corporatism.
Lehmbruch was awarded the ECPR Lifetime Achievement Award by the European Consortium for Political Research in 2009. He also received the Theodor-Eschenburg-Prize for his lifetime achievements of the German Political Science Association in 2003.

## Selected publications

* Lehmbruch, Gerhard. 1977. "Liberal Corporatism and Party Government." Comparative Political Studies 10(1): 91-126.
* Schmitter, Philippe C., and Gerhard Lehmbruch (eds.). 1981. Trends Toward Corporatist Intermediation. London: Sage Publications.
* Lehmbruch, Gerhard, and Philippe C. Schmitter. 1982. Patterns of Corporatist Policy-Making. London: Sage Publications.
# Henry Wolf (engraver)

Henry Wolf (1852–1916) was a French-born wood engraver who lived and worked in the United States during his most influential work period and until his death.
Henry Wolf was born on August 3, 1852, in Eckwersheim, France. He lived in Strasbourg and studied under Jacques Levy and exhibited in Paris. Henry Wolf moved to New York City in 1871, where he created wood engravings of works by Gilbert Stuart, Enric Serra Auqué, Frank Weston Benson, Howard Pyle, Henry Salem Hubbell, John Singer Sargent, A. B. Frost, Jan Vermeer, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Aimé Morot and Édouard Manet. Many of his engravings were published in Scribner's Magazine,, Harper's Monthly, and Century Magazine. In 1896 he started engraving his own artwork. He exhibited 144 wood engravings at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. He was awarded the Exposition's Grand Prize in printmaking that year. He died in home in New York City on March 18, 1916. His works are held in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Canton Museum of Art.
# David Sterling

Sir David Robert Sterling KCB (born 7 March 1958) is a Northern Irish civil servant. Since 2017, he was the Interim Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service, Permanent Secretary of the Executive Office, and Secretary to Northern Ireland Executive: as such, he was the most senior civil servant in Northern Ireland. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 2020 Birthday Honours. He stepped down as Head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service on 31 August 2020, after 42 years as a civil servant. He is a keen golfer who plays at Malone Golf Club, Belfast.
# Issaka Sidibé

Issaka Sidibé (born 26 June 1946) is a Malian politician. Since 11 June 2020 he has been President of the High Court of Justice. He was President of the National Assembly of Mali between 22 January 2014 and 11 May 2020. Sidibé previously served in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007, and he was reelected in 2013. He had a career as a customs official before his turn to politics.

## Career

Sidibé was born on 26 June 1946 in Koulikoro. He obtained a degree in private law from the l’Ecole nationale d’administration de Bamako. Sidibé had a career in the customs authority of Mali between 1976 and 2002. In the 2002 parliamentary elections he was elected for the first time to the National Assembly. He served a single five-year term. Sidibé was the general rapporteur for the finance commission during his time in office.
He was re-elected to the National Assembly in the November–December 2013 parliamentary election as a Rally for Mali candidate. On 22 January 2014 Sidibé was elected as President of the National Assembly. He won 115 of the 147 possible votes. Despite his previous stint in the National Assembly, he was considered a little-known figure in Malian politics at the time, particularly in comparison with the prominence of past holders of the post. On 11 May 2020 he was succeeded as President of the National Assembly by Moussa Timbiné.
On 11 June 2020 he was sworn in as President of the High Court of Justice. He succeeded Abderrahmane Niang.

## Personal life

Sidibé is married and father of five children. He is the father-in-law of Karim Keïta, son of former Malian President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta.
# IEEE 802.6

IEEE 802.6 is a standard governed by the ANSI for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). It is an improvement of an older standard (also created by ANSI) which used the Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) network structure. The FDDI-based standard failed due to its expensive implementation and lack of compatibility with current LAN standards. The IEEE 802.6 standard uses the Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) network form. This form supports 150 Mbit/s transfer rates. It consists of two unconnected unidirectional buses. DQDB is rated for a maximum of 160 km before significant signal degradation over fiberoptic cable with an optical wavelength of 1310 nm.
This standard has also failed, mostly for the same reasons that the FDDI standard failed. MANs are traditionally designed using Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Recent designs use native Ethernet or MPLS.
# Hypena minualis

Hypena minualis, the sooty hypena or sooty bomolocha moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Hypena minualis is 8457.
# Christen Winther Obel

Christen Winther Obel (1800-1860) was a Danish businessman from the city of Aalborg.
Obel contributed to Aalborg's prosperity in the 19th century by successfully developing his family's tobacco business, which was founded in 1787. On his mother's and stepfather's death in 1828, he took control of the factory, changing its name to C.W. Obel. Under Obel's leadership, the factory became the city's primary employer, a position it maintained for many years. From 1853 until his death in 1860, Obel was codirector of Aalborg Bys og Omegns Sparekasse, the local savings bank.
# Germán Mavare

Germán Mavare (died May 6, 2016) was a local politician of the Venezuelan centre-left party A New Era, leading the urbanization (municipality) of Carucieña in Barquisimeto, Lara.

## Death

On May 5, 2016, Mavare, a secretary for social engagement of his party, was reported to have been distributing political fliers late at night when he was approached by a motorcyclist, who asked Mavare his name before shooting him in the head. He died in hospital in the early hours of the morning. His party described the killing as an assassination. Other media publications speculated that the primary motive for the attack was theft of Mavare's mobile phone.
# Henry Wolters

Henry Wolters (1845 – August 29, 1921) was an architect in the United States.
Wolters was born in Hanover, Germany and educated at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin) and the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris.
In 1882, Wolters was selected as an architect for a new cotton compress company located in New Orleans.
In 1899, Wolters received severe injuries at Callahan & Sons grain elevator, resulting in his wrist being sprained and his knee-cap being fractured.
His office was one of the firms where Cincinnati architect Samuel S. Godley learned his trade.

## Work

* Chestnut Street Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky
** Quinn Chapel (1884)
* Knight of Pythias Temple in Louisville, Kentucky
* Tyler Block in Louisville
* Old Vanderburgh County Jail in Evansville, Indiana
* Old Vanderburgh County Courthouse in Evansville, Indiana
* Jefferson County Courthouse (former) in Birmingham, Alabama with Charlie Wheelock & Son
# Hayashi Hidesada

Hayashi Hidesada (林 秀貞, 1513 – November 21, 1580) was a Japanese samurai and retainer of Oda clan, who lived during the Sengoku period. He was also known as Michikatsu (通勝). His court title was Governor of Sado Province (Sado no Kami). The Hayashi family, a branch of the Inaba clan, originated from the village of Oki in the Kasugai District of Owari Province.

## Biography

Michikatsu, born in the early decades of the 16th century, served the Oda clan, first under Oda Nobuhide, and then under the young Oda Nobunaga, upon Nobunaga's assignment to Nagoya Castle. Hidesada was the head karō; together with Hirate Masahide, he served as Nobunaga's guardian. In 1546, he assisted at Nobunaga's genpuku ceremony.
Soon after Nobuhide's death in 1551, Hidesada became concerned about Nobunaga's erratic behavior, and secretly supported Oda Nobuyuki, Nobunaga's brother, as successor to the family headship.
In 1555, Nobunaga killed Oda Nobutomo and captured Kiyosu Castle; Hidesada was made to defend Nagoya Castle. Nobunaga unified the Oda clan by defeating all opponents, and took control of Owari Province. However, Hidesada was still deeply dissatisfied with Nobunaga.
In 1556, Hidesada together with Shibata Katsuie gathered troops to oust Nobunaga and replace him with Oda Nobuyuki. They lost in the Battle of Inō and a temporary truce was brokered by Nobunaga, who did not want to continue a fight that might draw an invasion from neighboring daimyōs. Hidesada and Katsuie were both pardoned and retained their positions to work for the Oda clan. Two years later, Nobuyuki was tricked again by Nobunaga; this time, he was killed.
In November 1575, he decided to retire. Oda Nobutada was then made the heir to the clan leadership, and Hidesada was ordered to mentor Nobutada.
In August 1580, Nobunaga suddenly decided to banish Hidesada from all positions for having supported Nobuyuki in the past. The reason seems to be highly trivial and it is most likely that Nobunaga decided that Hidesada had outlived his usefulness and decided to trim down the number of retainers. He probably lived in Kyoto from that point onward, and died a few months later.
# Cell notation

In electrochemistry, cell notation or cell representation is a shorthand method of expressing a reaction in an electrochemical cell.
In cell notation, the two half-cells are described by writing the formula of each individual chemical species involved in the redox reaction across the cell, with all other common ions and inert substances being ignored. Each species is separated by a vertical bar, with the species in each half-cell grouped together, and the two half-cells separated by two bars or slashes representing a salt bridge (which generally contains an electrolyte solution such as potassium nitrate or sodium chloride that is left unwritten). It is common practice to represent the anode to the left of the double bar and the cathode to the right, and to put aqueous species closest to the double bar.
Cell notation may be used to represent other information that is not essential to the reaction but still useful to include. For example, the electrode's species may be marked by a degree symbol. The standard abbreviations for the phases of each species are often included as subscripts, in a manner similar to the notation in chemical equations. Sometimes, the initial concentrations of dissolved species may be written to the right in parentheses (see example below).
Some examples of this notation are:
    Zn°|Zn$^{2+}$||Cl$^−$|AgCl|Ag°
This means that the left electrode (anode) is made of zinc, while the other one (right, cathode) is composed of a silver wire covered by a silver chloride layer which is not soluble. Both of the electrodes are immersed into aqueous media where zinc and chloride ions are present.
    Zn°|Zn$^{2+}$, SO$^{2−}$ $_4$||SO$^{2−}$ $_4$,Cu$^{2+}$|Cu°
This cell is very famous: the Daniell cell. If the electrodes are connected, a spontaneous reaction takes place. Zinc is oxidized, and copper ions are reduced.
Sometimes the state of each species into the cell is written. For example, in the zinc cell (shown above), we can write that zinc, silver and silver chloride are solids, while zinc cation and chloride anion are in aqueous medium. So, the new notation will be:
    Zn°$_s$|Zn$^{2+}$$_{aq}$ || Cl$^−$$_{aq}$|AgCl$_s$|Ag°$_s$
It is possible to express the ion concentration too. For example, in the Galvanic cell:
    Zn°$_s$|Zn$^{2+}$$_{aq}$ (1 mol/L), SO$^{2−}$ $_4$$_{aq}$ (1 mol/L)||SO$^{2−}$ $_4$$_{aq}$ (1 mol/L)|Cu$^{2+}$$_{aq}$(1 mol/L)|Cu°$_s$
In this case, all ions (sulfate, zinc and copper) are in a concentration equal to 1 mol/L.
# Issaka Souna

Issaka Souna (born 1954) is a Nigerien politician has been the Deputy Head of the United Nations Electoral Observation Mission in Burundi since 10 November 2014.

## Career

Souna headed the electoral supervisory body of Niger, the Commission électorale nationale indépendante (CENI), from mid-May 1999 for some duration of time. Souna has also served as the Nigerien Minister of Justice and President of the Bar. He later held the position of United Nations Director of Electoral Assistance in Côte d'Ivoire from 2011 to 2012. He also worked with the European Union on judiciary reforms programs in Niger and Madagascar.
# Earlehurst, Virginia

Earlehurst is an unincorporated community in Alleghany County, Virginia, United States.

## Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Earlehurst has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
# Chowdarguda mandal

Chowdarguda is a mandal of Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India.
# Cricket in New South Wales

Cricket has been played in New South Wales since the 19th century and is traditionally very popular sport. It is also the most popular summer sport of the state.
The New South Wales Cricket Association is the state's cricket governing body.
The men's cricket team, the blues, are the most successful Australian domestic team.
The women's cricket team, the Breakers, compete in the Women's National Cricket League one day competition.
NSW also has two Big Bash League teams, the Sydney Sixers and the Sydney Thunder, and two Women's Big Bash League teams (Sixers and Thunder).
# Department of Transport and Regional Services

The Department of Transport and Regional Services (DOTARS) was an Australian government department that existed between October 1998 and December 2007.

## Scope

Information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements, in the Department's annual reports and on the departmental website.
According to the Administrative Arrangements Order made on 21 October 1998, the Department dealt with:
* Land transport (including road safety)
* Civil aviation and air navigation
* Aviation security
* Delivery of regional and rural specific services
* Maritime transport including shipping
* Regional development
* Matters relating to local government
* Planning and land management in the Australian Capital Territory
* Administration of the Jervis Bay Territory, the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Territory of Christmas Island, the Coral Sea Islands Territory, the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and of Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island
* Constitutional development of the Australian Capital Territory
* Constitutional development of the Northern Territory of Australia

## Intended outcomes

The department worked to help the Government of the day achieve its policy objectives by contributing to, and reporting against key outcomes. The 2002–03 departmental annual report identified the Department's two key outcomes as:
* a better transport system for Australia; and
* greater recognition and development opportunities for local, regional and territory communities.

## Structure

The Department was an Australian Public Service department responsible to the Minister of the day. The Department was headed by a Secretary. The first Secretary of the Department was Allan Hawke, carrying on his role from the previous Department of Transport and Regional Development. In October 1999, the Prime Minister John Howard announced that Ken Matthews had been appointed as the Department's Secretary, to commence in November of that year. Mike Taylor took over the Secretary role from Matthews in 2004, after indicating to Prime Minister John Howard his strong interest in working in water reform at the National Water Commission.

### Ministers and parliamentary secretaries

Ministers and parliamentary secretaries associated with the Department included:
* John Anderson, Minister for Transport and Regional Services
* Ian Macdonald, Minister for Regional Services, Territories and Local Government
* Ron Boswell, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Transport and Regional Services
* Warren Truss, Minister for Transport and Regional Services
* Jim Lloyd, Minister for Local Government, Territories and Roads
* John Cobb, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Transport and Regional Services
# David Gee (artist)

David Gee (Coventry, 1793 – 1872) was an English oil painter who took his inspiration from the local area.
Gee mostly painted battle scenes, landscapes as well as pictures inspired by local legends such as Lady Godiva. He was active as a painter between the years of 1815 and 1868. He died in 1871 or 1872.
In 1831, Gee began restoration work on the Holy Trinity Doom, an early 15th-century painting of the Last Judgment. He received five guineas for his work. There is little contemporary information about Gee's work on the Doom, but conservation work begun in 1995 suggests he added outlines to the figures and repainted or recoloured some areas. There is no evidence that Gee significantly changed the painting's composition or symbolism. Gee also applied a coating of megilp to the painting. This bituminous varnish soon degraded and by 1873 the Doom was 'almost invisible'.
According to a letter dated 2 February 2015 (in response to Freedom of Information Act 2000 request ref no 20123607, link to download below), the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum in Coventry have 15 of David Gee's pictures in their collection their value ranging from £2,000 for portraits to £30,000 for his famous “Lammas Day” Coventry landscape.
One of his portraits, of Frederick George Smyth, painted in 1858, hangs in the King Henry VIII School Archive.
# Cell of origin

Cell of origin (COO) is a mobile-positioning technique for finding a caller's cell (the basic geographical coverage unit of a cellular telephone system) location.

## Overview

Crude COO positioning considers the location of the base station to be the location of the caller. This is not very accurate, as the majority of mobile network cells are projected from an antenna with a spread of 120° (i.e. three mounted on a mast to give complete coverage) giving a signal coverage area with the base station at one corner, rather than the centre. Omnidirectional cells may be used in rural locations (which typically have large ranges and hence uncertain locations for phones within them) and in cities (where they may have ranges of a few hundred metres). The underlying issue is that mobile phone networks are optimised for capacity and call handling rather than locating phones.

## Mechanism

Most commercially implemented systems rely on 'enhanced' COO. In the GSM system this relies on the fact that the phones constantly measure the signal strength from the closest 6 base stations and lock on to the strongest signal (the reality is slightly more complex than this and includes parameters that each individual network can optimise, including signal quality and variability. Most networks endeavour to optimise for minimum power consumption, but the overall effect approximates to each phone locking onto the strongest signal).
All networks generate 'splash maps' predicting signal coverage when planning and managing their networks. These maps can be processed to analyse the area which will be dominated by each base station and to approximate each area by a circle (the actual area of coverage may not be exactly where predicted... and in any case will be an irregular shape, rather than a circle).

## Application

In practice a network offering location services to third parties will present an API to which queries can be sent by validated users, to which a reply will be sent comprising the centre of a circle and a radius representing the expected error (the size of the circle in which the phone is expected to be). For this reason, when precision is important COO is often used in conjunction with some other technology, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) or Time of Arrival (TOA).
COO is the only positioning technique that is widely used in wireless networks and is used for Phase 1 of 911 service in the United States. Location service using COO have been adopted by the emergency services in many countries. Commercial services have been slower to take off than many in the industry expected. One of the first services to make widespread use of COO based mobile location was the Zingo taxi hailing system, launched in London in 2003.
# Eudesmus

Eudesmus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Eudesmus caudalis Bates, 1865
* Eudesmus diopites Dillon & Dillon, 1946
* Eudesmus ferrugineus (Thomson, 1860)
* Eudesmus grisescens Audinet-Serville, 1835
* Eudesmus nicaraguensis Breuning, 1958
* Eudesmus posticalis Guérin-Méneville, 1844
* Eudesmus rubefactus Bates, 1865
# Hypselodoris lacuna

Hypselodoris lacuna is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This nudibranch was described from Tingloy, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 13°40′24″N 120°50′27″E﻿ / ﻿13.67329°N 120.84093°E﻿ / 13.67329; 120.84093. It is reported from the western Indian Ocean of Aldabra Atoll to the western Pacific of Vanuatu, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Japan.

## Description

Hypselodoris lacuna has an opaque white body with round transparent patches centred with black or grey spots. At the edge of the mantle there are small blue-grey spots. The gills have orange pigment lines on the outer face. The rhinophores have orange-brown clubs and translucent bases. This species can reach a total length of at least 12 mm.
# Ebenator Ekwe

Ebenator Ekwe is an autonomous community in Ekwe Community in Isu Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. It comprises Eluama, Umuokorokoro and Umuduruewuru villages and several kindreds.